9 m Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2014 littps://arcliive.org/details/transactionsofwo1913worc ERRATA. Worcester, Mass., Report No. 221, January, 1913. Page I, last paragraph under City in General. The gross fire loss for the past five years ending June I, as given in the records of the Worcester Protective Department, amounted to $1,575,460, the annual loss varying from $152,534 in 1908 to $494,282 in 1910. The number of fires varied from 664 in 1909 to 779 in 191 1. The average number of fires was 732, and the average loss per fire $432, a low figure. The average yearly number of fires per 1,000 population was 5, a high figure, and the annual loss per capita $2.00, a moderate figure. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY REPORTS OF THE OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 1, 1912 AND THE ANNUAL MEETING FOR 1913 Part I THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS 25 Foste;r Street 1913 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1912-1913 President: EDWARD W. BREED, of Clinton. vice-presidents: ARTHUR J. MARBLE, of Worcester; CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester; HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester. secretary: LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front St. LIBRARIAN: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. trustees: Joseph A. Allen, Auburn I Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester David L. Fiske, Grafton | Simon E. Fisher, " Henry B. Watts, Leicester i Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, " Edgar M. Bruce, Leominster Henry H. Browning, " Henry W. Carter, Millbury Joseph K. Greene, " Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury Ben. M. Chamberlain, " Fred J. Reed, " Louis J. Kendall, " Mrs. J. Frank Record, West Boylston Frank J. Kinney, " William McAllister, Whitinsville H. Ward Moore, ' " William Anderson, S. Lancaster Burton W. Potter, " J. Lewis Ellsworth, Worcester George Calvin Rice, " Fred'k H. Chamberlain, " Howard E. Sumner, " Mrs. Olive G. Davidson, " William J. Wheeler, " Walter D. Ross, " Albert H. Lange, " James E. Draper, " | Charles W. Wood, " STANDING COMMITTEES. ON FINANCE: Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1914, Chairman, Leonard C. Midgley, 1915, Myron F. Converse, 1916. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Leonard C. Midgley, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. ON NOMENCLATURE: Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Herbert R. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, George Calvin Rice. ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS: Herbert R. Kinney, Chairman, Simon E. Fisher, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange. H. Ward Moore, and The President and Secretary, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Miss Lucy M. Coulson. AUDITORS. Benjamin C. Jaques, H. Ward Moore. JUDGES. Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: WiUiam Anderson, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood. MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange flerbert A. Cook President E. W. Breed ON WINTER MEETINGS Arthur J. Marble, Chairman, Walter D. Ross, Joseph K. Greene, The President and Secretary. APPROPRIATIONS Flowers $1,200.00 Fruit 1,000.00 Vegetables 650.00 Winter Meeting 500.00 Pubhcations 300.00 Children's Exhibitions . .... 100.00 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FOR THE Year Ending November 1, 1913, and the Annual Meeting for 1914 PRESIDENT'S REPORT It becomes my pleasant duty to again present to you my annual report as president of this society. The year has been a busy one and matters of unusual interest have occurred, the reports of which you have lis- tened to in detail from the various officers. Our financial condition is very prosperous and that portion of our work is assuming an important feature. It is a great pleasure that we have been able to improve the condition of our hall and library as you see them to-day. It is not only a source of pride that we are able to enjoy them in such fine condition, but also a wise business policy to keep our property in an attractive shape, which our rentals amply justify. Our library has received several accessions of value, which, together with the orderly and systematic arrangement, make this room one of unusual interest. We wish the members would make a more exten- sive use of it. In the matter of exhibitions the work of the year has been difficult. Dry summers are not conducive to large displays, and the secretary and president can testify to the fact that if we had not been active in soliciting exhibits many of our shows would have been meagre. Having special features at the weekly exhibitions has worked out well and should be encouraged. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 I think I can truly say that the winter meetings of this year were the most entertaining and were more largely attended than ever before. In our appropriations for the coming year this important feature of our work should be well remembered. On February 25th and 26th we tendered the use of the library room to the N. E. Nurserymen's Association for their first annual meeting. It is with regret we record the death of members during the year. Among the active ones we should mention Dr. George E. Francis who had ably filled the office of both president and secretary and librarian and took a great deal of pride in our society. He knew the societ3^ in its earlier days as he was a member for forty-six years. He was par- ticularly interested in the library, and at his death was upon that committee. Mr. J, F. Record's name, who has been so long interested in and contributed to our exhibitions, is on this roll, also Mr. McWilliam, whose interest in this society has been very great, whose contributions have always been of a very high order and whose judgment in the services he rendered as judge was always honest and sincere; a man of rare ability, occupying a position among gardeners of national repute and filling a place in our esteem second to none. During the year it was my pleasant duty to represent the society, on December 4th, as the guest of the Horti- cultural Club of Boston, inspecting the greenhouses of Mr. Thomas Roland at Nahant and Revere in the afternoon, taking dinner at the Parker House in the evening; on Jan- uary 10th, at the Fruit Grower's banquet in Boston, being called upon to represent the mother of that organization, which as you know is one of our children. On August 4th and 5th, through the courtesy of President Farquhar and Secretary Rich of the Massachusetts Society, I was the guest of the Garden Committee of that society on their trip to Bar Harbor, where we were royally entertained by Mr. George B. Dorr. Several of the beautiful estates on 1913-14] president's report 5 the island famous for its wonderful vegetation were visited. Regarding the work of this society, I believe that we are not living up to the full measure of our horticultural oppor- tunities to-day. We cannot rest on our laurels, we must press forward. I believe that the society's work should have more pub- licity by being more widely advertised, not only after our meetings and exhibitions but before. I believe that we should disseminate more knowledge concerning our profession, first, at our exhibitions, where I think each department should have a representative, who should be prepared to answer questions and give informa- tion concerning the names of varieties and their cultivation; second, outside of our stated meetings and exhibitions we should have a representative who should be on the alert to help both the society as a factor for good in the county and to seek the co-operation of horticultural matters with other organizations. With many thanks to the society for favors shown me during the past year, I hereby respectfully submit the above report. EDWARD W. BREED. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Trustees' Meeting The first meeting of trustees held after the annual elec- tion, November 13th, 1912, Edward W. Breed in the chair and eighteen trustees present. The call of this meeting was to elect the different com- mittees for the year. On Library and Publications Edward W. Breed, George E. Francis, chairman; Arthur J. Marble, Leonard C. Midgley. On Nomenclature Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Herbert R. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, George McWilliam, George Calvin Rice. On Arrangement and Exhibitions Herbert R. Kinney, chairman; Simon E. Fisher, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, H. Ward Moore, the president and secretary. Auditors Benjamin C. Jaques and H. Ward Moore. Judges Of flowers, plants, etc., George McWilliam; of fruit, etc., Herbert A. Cook; of vegetables, Charles Greenwood. On Winter Meetings Arthur J. Marble, chairman; W^alter D. Ross, Joseph K. Greene, president and secretary. It was voted at this meeting that the Finance Committee be trustees ex-officio, exclusive of the thirty trustees. 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 7 The proposed alterations or amendment to the by-laws of the society, submitted by E. Adshead, was referred to trustees. It was voted laid on the table. Appropriations for 1913 Flowers $1,200.00 Vegetables 650.00 Fruit 1,000.00 Children's Show 100.00 Secretary 400.00 Librarian 500.00 Treasurer 150.00 Winter Meetings 300.00 Library PubUcations 300.00 Balance for Janitor's Services Trustees voted to continue with Children's Show. They also voted to discontinue Children's Winter Meeting. December 2nd, 1912 Committee on Arrangements held a meeting to revise the schedule for 1913. Eight members present and voted Herbert R. Kinney, chairman. The three judges were present. Blake Medals Awarded, 1912 To George McWilliam, orchids, Calanthea Laselliane, Lasselliane Inversum. To Leonard C. Midgley for new seedling. Carnation Eureka," scarlet. To William Anderson, South Lancaster, seedling of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum). Hadwen Medals Awarded, 1912 Alden Derby, apple display; Herbert A. Cook, display of grapes; W. D. Ross, display of Flint corn; George McWilliam, display of foreign grapes. 8 worcester county horticultural society [1913-14 Trustees' Meetings A meeting of the trustees was held Thursday; February 13th, 1913. President Breed called the meeting to order with sixteen trustees present. It was voted that the chair appoint a committee of three to draw resolutions upon the death of George E. Francis, M. D. Committee: Arthur J. Marble, Joseph K. Greene, Leon- ard C. Midgley. Walter D. Ross read a communication from the Massa- chusetts Corn Show in regard to having an exhibition in Worcester. Remarks from George Calvin Rice, Burt W. Greenwood, Myron F. Converse and others. It was voted that the society extend to them the use of Hall, but did not see why they should appropriate anything at this time to carry out the scheme to have show in Worcester. The society also voted Mr. and Mrs. Ba3/ard Thayer, South Lancaster, honorary mem.bers of the society; a new certificate was gotten out for same by the president and secretary. April 17, 1913 The Finance Committee held a meeting to consider the advisability of having large hall repainted and library refur- nished; they voted that the secretary get all information in regard to the matter as regards price and material for the change. The committee appointed to draw resolutions upon the death of George E. Francis reported as follows: '•'The late George E. Francis, M. D., was a member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society for nearly fifty years. He served as president of the society for three years, as vice-president nineteen years, as secretary one year, as librarian one year, trustee nine years, Finance Committee sixteen years, on Library and Publications Committee thirty-three years, on nomenclature six years. 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 9 on arrangement and exhibition eight years, Committee on Awards five years and judge five years. A full appreciation of loyalty, faithfulness and efficiency shown through all these years of service by Dr. George E. Francis, the Wor- cester County Horticultural Society now pats on record this account of the services rendered by him and a most heartfelt tribute to his memory.'' Arthur J. Marble, Joseph K. Greene, Leonard C. Midgley, committee. Trustees' Meeting, May S, 1913 The trustees' meeting was called to order by President Breed. The Finance Committee at this meeting presented to the trustees an idea of what they would like to do in cleaning up hall and library and also to have library refurnished. The trustees were in favor of Finance Committee doing as they saw fit in the matter. Trustees' Meeting, August 14, 1913 This meeting was called to order by the President at 2 o'clock P. M. Fourteen trustees present. Burt W. Greenwood made a motion, which was seconded, that one hundred dollars of the extra money appropriated last year be turned over to the Winter Meetings' account; it was voted. President Breed asked for an extra appropriation of fifty dollars to carry out the idea of a Japanese garden to be held with the Chrysanthemum Show, November 6th and 7th. This was seconded by Joseph K. Greene and was so voted. October 9, 1913 The October Show and annual dinner were held October 9th and were considered the best October Show on record. Fruit and vegetables had the day and were of the finest quality. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Herbert R. Kinney was the largest exhibitor and carried off most of the honors. After-dinner speakers were as follows, with our president as toastmaster: David L. Fiske spoke of his trip to Europe; J. Lewis Ellsworth gave a talk upon foreign markets and their methods of disposing of their products; Arthur J. Marble also spoke upon what the society had done and was still going to do in the future. Attendance at dinner, 93. Annual Meeting for 1913 The Annual Meeting of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society was held in Horticultural Hall, Worcester, Wednesdaj^ November 5th, 1913, at 10 o'clock A. M., to act upon the following articles: 1st. To hear reports of officers and committees. 2nd. To choose officers of the society for the ensuing year. 3rd. Proposed amendments to or changes of the Con- stitution and By-laws. 4th. Any other business that may legally come before the meeting. The annual meeting of the trustees will be held Wednes- day, November 12, 1913. The meeting was called to order by President Edward W. Breed, with fifty-one members present. The president appointed H. Ward Moore and Allyne W. Hixon, tellers. The secretary read last year's annual report, also his report for 1913. Lucy M. Coulson, librarian, read her report for the year. Also Burt W. Greenwood, treasurer. The following reports were read by the different com- mittees: Arthur J. Marble, on Winter Meeting; Herbert R. Kinney, for Committee on Arrangements; Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 11 Finance Committee; Herbert A. Cook, as judge on fruit; Charles Greenwood, judge on vegetables; President Breed, for Medal Committee and annual address. All the above reports were voted accepted and referred to the Committee on Publications. Election of Officers The next call was the election of the officers for the ensuing year. Number of votes cast for president, 92; Charles Wood had one vote, also Arthur J. Marble; total votes, 94. Arthur J. Marble, Charles Greenwood, Herbert R. Kinney were re-elected vice-presidents. The secretary, librarian, treasurer were re-elected by one vote being cast for each. Myron F. Converse was re-elected on the Finance Com- mittee for three years. New Business The president appointed H. Ward Moore, Walter D. Ross, Burt W. Greenwood a committee of three to retire and bring in the appropriation for the year 1913 and 1914. Committee reported the following: $5,000 for salaries and premiums, winter meetings and publications, the janitor services not to be out of this; janitor service to come under general expenses. A motion was made and seconded that the annual meet- ing be held the first Wednesday in December. It was so voted. The president appointed Burt W. Greenwood, Simon E. Fisher and Joseph K. Greene a committee of three to bring in a list of trustees. William Anderson, South Lancaster; H. H. Browning, Worcester, Mass.; Fred J. Reed; Shrewsbury, were selected new trustees. Ernest Adshead made a motion, which was seconded, that a committee be appointed by the chair to draft resolutions 12 WORCESTEK COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 upon the death of George McWilliam and J. Frank Record. Committee appointed: Edward W. Breed, Lacy M. Coulson, Joseph K. Greene. • . , J Lewis Ellsworth gave the members of the society an invitation to be present at the Massachusetts Fruit Show to be held in Boston, November 12th, and continued through the week. j , ^- i 1 1 nf Burt W Greenwood moved to amend Article No. 11 ot the By-laws by adding after the words "County of Worces- ter" the words "or in securities as are legal investments for Massachusetts Savings Banks," so that the last sentence of this article shall read: The Finance Committee shall approve all bills against the treasurer before being paid by the treasurer, and shall authorize the treasurer to invest for the benefit of the society in one or more of the savings banks of the County of Wor- cester or in such securities as are legal investments for Massachusetts Savings Banks, any money not appropriated or necessary for current expenses of the society. Submitted Nov. 5th, 1913, by Burt W. Greenwood. The above to be brought up at next annual meeting, for its adoption. Article 11, Amendment. LIST OF TRUSTEES FOR 1914 Joseph Allen, Auburn David L. Fiske, Grafton Henry B. Watts, Leicester E. M. Bruce, Leominster Henry W. Carter, Millbury Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury Fred J. Reed, Shrewsbury Mrs. J. Frank Record, West Boylston William McAllister, Whitinsville William Anderson, South Lancaster J. Lewis Ellsworth, Worcester Fred. H. Chamberlain, Mrs. Olive G. Davidson, " 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 13 Walter D. Ross, Worcester James E. Draper, Allyne W. Hixon, Simon E. Fisher, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, H. H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, " Benn M. Chamberlain, " Louis J. Kendall, " Frank J. Kinney, " H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George Calvin Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Charles W. Wood, 1912 AND 1913 Memorandum of the best shows held during the past year. The Chrysanthemum Show last November was consid- ered the best ever held by the society, the attendance being a record breaker. The largest exhibitors being Albert H. Lange, Mrs. John C. Whitin, George W. Knowlton and L. C. Midgley. About $300.00 were given in premiums. March 6th Show was fine, with Albert H. Lange and Mrs. John C. Whitin being the largest exhibitors. Attendance large. $207.00 given in premiums. June 26th, largest exhibitors Matthew J. Whittall and Edward W. Breed. Flowers and fruit being good, vegetables only fair and $170.00 given in premiums. September 11th, cut flowers and the aster collection made a good show. Dahlias being poor. The fruit was extra fine, $74.00 being awarded for fruit alone. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 September 25, vegetables and fruit at this show were of the best. $150.00 given in premiums. The October 9th Show was considered the finest October Show on record. Flowers had to give way to fruit and vege- tables. Amount paid for premiums, about $300.00. The annual dinner was well attended, 93 members and friends present. President Edward W. Breed being toastmaster. After-dinner speakers were: Arthur J. Marble. Charles Greenwood, Joseph K. Greene, J. Lewis Ellsworth, David L. Fiske. Other shows during the year were considered poor, most of the time the attendance also being very light. Attendance at the evening shows being very good. I have attended every show held the past year and have come to the conclusion we need less shows. I think they should be made larger, and have all shows open in the even- ing, giving more people a chance to see them. During the summer we simply have the same people each week. To have the shows made larger and open in the evening would bring out a large crowd on account of people being through their day's labor. Nothing would please me better than to see our hall, dining hall and library well filled each time we held our shows. New Members, 1912 and 1913 Mrs. Charles H. Warren A. H. Knight Mr. Charles H. Warren Harry W. Smith Mr. Gilbert G. Davis Harry I. Randall Victor E. Edwards Paul B. Morgan Miss Alice Paine Prof. Joseph 0. Phelon Clifford R. Harris Mrs. J. Henry Johnson Willard A. Winn Mr. J. Henry Johnson Ernest Bisson Charles T. Luce J. Fred Wilson Percy G. Forbes 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 15 Deceased Members Arthur E. Estabrook George L. Estey George McWilliam J. Frank Record William C. Strong Alden Rice Samuel H. Colton George E. Francis, M. D. Curtis S. Yeaw The Winter Meetings held this year were by far the most successful of our Winter Meetings. In 1912 the total attendance was less than 1,000; in 1913 we had between 2,300 and 2,500 attend the meetings. I understand the committee ran over their appropriation about $100.00, but I consider it was money well spent. The annual reunion and banquet of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in Horticultural Hall, March 12th, was attended by about 350 people. The programme in- cluded a reception from 6 to 6.30 o'clock, banquet at 6.30 o'clock, followed by speechmaking and dancing from 9.30 until midnight. Guests and speakers were Lieut.-Gov. David I. Walsh; Mayor George M. Wright; William P. Rich, secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; Wilfred Wheeler, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture; Walter D. Ross, president of the Worcester County Agri- cultural Society; Harold L. Frost, president of the Massa- chusetts Fruit Growers' Association; Joseph K. Greene; C. L. Gold, West Cornwall, Ct., vice-president of the Con- necticut Fruit Growers' Association; and R. M. Bowen, vice-president of the Rhode Island Fruit Growers' Associ- ation. Edward W. Breed, president of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, presided at the dinner. The Com- mittee of Arrangements was: Arthur J. Marble, chairman; ANNUAL REUNION 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Walter D. Ross, Joseph K. Greene, Edward W. Breed and Leonard C. Midgley. The Reception Committee was: Charles Greenwood, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice, H. B. Watts, Leicester; Burt W. Greenwood, David L Fiske, Grafton; and those on the Committee of Arrangements. Myron F. Converse was floor director of the dancing and the following were aids: Arthur H. Bellows, Clifton T. Eldridge, James E. Draper, Ralph M. Forbes, Burt W. Greenwood, Charles S. Thayer and George B. Mulliken. During the reception Mrs. E. Arthur Denny and W. Wilmot Aldrich entertained with vocal solos. The stage in the main hall was prettily decorated with palms and potted plants. The party marched to the banquet hall above with Mrs. Edward W. Breed and Lieat.-Gov. David L Walsh leading, followed by Mr. Breed and Mayor and Mrs. George M. Wright. The tables in the banquet hall were decorated with Eureka carnations furnished by Leonard C. Midgley. Their glowing scarlet tones gave a bright touch to the snowy linen and added beauty to the tables. Rev. Samuel C. Beane, pastor of the South Unitarian Church, asked the blessing. Mr. Breed in his preliminary remarks as toastmaster said what was needed among the various horticulturists and agriculturists was co-operation. He said: Last year at our annual banquet we celebrated the seven- tieth anniversary of the founding of this society; to-night we celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of our winter meetings. The increased attendance at these meetings this winter is highly gratifying to your committee, who have labored zealously to bring before you persons of more than ordinary ability. We have heard of the great International Exhibi- tion held in London; of the remarkable life in the Arctic Circle; of the Chinese flora; of that marvelous natural park, 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 17 The Yellowstone; of the people of Dalmatia, and also of recreation as a municipal function; and of the care of apple orchards, both young and old. In order to meet the great problems that confront us at the present time we need a greater spirit of co-operation, more gettings together. Men in the commercial world realize that this is necessary to save the New England industries, and we as horticulturists should follow their example. ''The fruit growers are interested in their co-operative organizations, and the New England Fruit Exhibitions, with their large premium lists, are encouraging features. The nurserymen are co-operating in various problems which are of such vital interest to all, meaning either success or failure many times. " The florists are having their co-operative organizations, and the recent opening of the Boston Flower Exchange in Winthrop Square marks an era in the progress made by them. Next month, at the Grand Central Palace in New York, will be held the Third International Flower Show, when $20,000 will be distributed in premiums. " The market gardeners are also alive to the situation and nev^er before was their work carried on on such an extensive scale. Imagine a greenhouse of sufficient proportions to produce seventy-two tons of tomatoes at a single >5Coop, as that of Thomas Rolands, of Revere, did last spring. " We need above all to co-operate in the protection of our native birds which, by destroying insect life, do so much to make horticulture possible. The annual loss of plant life is estimated at $8,000,000,000. It costs more to feed the insects than to educate our children. One yellow-throated warbler will consume 10,000 aphis in a single day, one scarlet tanager will destroy 35 gypsy moths in a minute, and the cuckoos are equally vora- cious. We need to put forth every effort that will protect these birds that are so helpful to us. 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 " As all nature works in harmony, so must we all if we desire to produce results that are worth while." He then presented Lieut. -Gov. David I. Walsh. Hon. David I. Walsh spoke of the pleasure it gave him to get away from the official duties of public life, which consisted so much in listening to the tales of those svho wanted office for themselves or their friends, and meet the men and women who were not so concerned about a place in the government but in what affects the whole people. He said: ''Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am very glad to come to this gathering and to bring to the men and women who are about these tables the official greetings of the best of all commonwealths — the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. I am glad to do that as your lieutenant- governor and also as a citizen of your county interested in your problems. You know public life is difficult, trying and tedious at times, and the work about the public life that is most difficult is the constant, continuous, pulling, hauling and the intriguing for public office. " A large part of the time of the public official is taken up in listening to the details of the merits and demerits of men for appointment to public office; and that is why I like to come to a pubhc gathering and to meet men and women of our Commonwealth who are not so much concerned about who are to occupy this position or that place in the govern- ment, but who are also concerned about all the problems in the government, the prosperity and welfare of all our people. My work is not so much as it is the studying of the problems of all our people and trying to help solve those problems in the government, and I am very glad to find at these tables to-night some old friends of mine, who have been helping to solve problems of government with me in the past; and as an official of the Commonwealth I am glad to hear evi- dence of the Commonwealth's appreciation of the political service in the past of my friend. Ex-mayor Harrington, and 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 19 Secretary of our Board of Agriculture, Mr. J. Lewis Ells- worth. These men have been serving our state and your state with credit and with honor, and I am proud to-day, as a citizen of the town of Clinton, to come here and to find presiding over this society and at this table another one of our citizens, who never blows his trumpet whenever he seeks to do things for the benefit and the achievement of his fellow citizens, but who in his quiet and unassuming way is one of the very best citizens in the town, your honored president, Mr. Edward L. Breed. College men like to think of their college and to call it their Alma Mater, *'Dear Mother.'' I like to think of our Commonwealth as college men think of their Alma Mater, not the fond mother of college men alone but the fond and caring mother of every man, woman, and child within the confines of the Commonwealth. When men of great wealth, when men interested in great business problems, and when men interested in great problems involving the investment of capital cry out and say, 'this Mother Commonwealth is discriminating against me, is not giving so much time and thought and attention to my problems as she should,' then I like to saj^ to these men that this Mother Commonwealth of ours has the instincts of the natural mother, and that she is not so much concerned about the welfare of those children of hers who have the means and methods and the way to achieve success in life; her first care, her first affection, her greatest concern should be, like the natural mother, to the weak, to the humble children, those who have the most difficulty, the hardest pathway in life to tread. So it is that our Commonwealth loves all her children, but she appreciates that the boy in the family who is given a college career, and who is given equipment to go out and fight his battles of life does not need the anxiety, interest, etc., of the mother as the boy who has not had the benefit and equip- ment and education; and that is the way we must under- stand when we think that our Commonwealth is discrimi- nating, that she is only giving more of that attention to her 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 children who most need it, and there are millions of men, women and children who are seeing nothing else in life and in government but toil, toil, ceaseless toil; but this Mother Commonwealth, I say, loves all her children, and the public official's business is to represent all her children in govern- ment. " This Mother Commonwealth is interested in this society, in the work of the members of the society, and it is her business to know them and study them and help to solve them. It is not the business of this Commonwealth to solve problems alone of the laborer, of the merchant, but to solve the problems of every class of every condition, and the men of all occupations in life, so the Commonwealth is interested, I say, in the problems that you men are mter- ested in, and properly so, and she is interested in helping to solve them. And the greatest interest the Commonwealth ought to take is in the education of young men and young women of this Commonwealth in the pursuit of agriculture, and for that purpose the Commonwealth has spent large sums of money in equipping and maintaining a splendid college at Amherst, Mass., a college for the preparation of young men who want to make this occupation of value to themselves and to the Commonwealth and to prepare them- selves for that work. This splendid school is to meet the requirements of the Commonwealth in a very creditable manner; so much that 90 per cent, of the young men who have attended that school and who have graduated from it are now following the pursuit of agriculture here in Massa- chusetts, a very important thing. But I like to think of this college as I do of other colleges, that the business of this Commonwealth is not the business of picking out an individual here and an individual there, and at her own expense send boys to college for the purpose of giving them a better chance in life than other boys. The Commonwealth has no business to distinguish between individuals when she sends one of her sons to that college. It is for the purpose of, and with the intention, of course, that he might succeed 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 21 in life, but it is also for the purpose of getting out of that college the result of his education would be a benefit to the city, to the community in which he goes to live. Now you are all interested in the problem of transporta- tion, the regulating of steam and railroads, and the regu- lating of rates to be charged by these means of transporta- tion. It is a vital and most important question. The most important problem and the greatest before you to-day is the problem of transportation, and your public officials must help you to solve that problem. Then the problem of dis- tribution, the distribution of the products which you men raise, and we are very much behind in this country in the solution of this problem. The city of Paris expended $10,000,000 in the building of the Great Central Public Market for the purpose of solving this problem and doing away with the middleman. It is a shame and an outrage that but 35 per cent, of the money that is paid for the products raised upon the farms goes into the hands of the producer. The middleman means an expensive means of transportation. The transporting, the getting the products to the consumer is too expensive. The public should con- sider seriously the problem of distribution. Our city can do much benefit to this industry, to the individuals engaged in it, by considering seriously the problems of distribution. I want to ask you men as citizens and servants of the public to interest yourselves in the service of the government, in the requirement of this simple duty. If war was called you would all respond to the call to arms, and in this time of peace the call is just as urgent. The Commonwealth asks you on election day to help solve the problems of the people for the people. She asks you in the name of this intangible mother to give her your intelligence and your best services. When I think of the loyalty of the Roman soldiers, who were serving a pagan empire; to be a Roman citizen was greater than to be a king; and when I think of the loyalty of these men to that pagan country, and that we who serve a 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Christian country should hesitate in our duty to give our best efforts to its betterment; we, who serve a Christian repubUc, should hand down these instincts of Loyalty and Liberty to our children as we hand down the lives, works, and words of Lincoln and Washington. Mayor Wright was next presented. He brought the greetings of the city and said he was proud of the success achieved by their lieutenant-governor. He said that the faces of the men who adorned the walls were the big men of the country and the men whose lives were examples of high accomplishments. He said: Ladies and Gentlemen: On my last visit to this historic hall I came here to take up a new work, to engage in larger responsibilities. During the two months since that time I have had the opportunity of doing arduous work for the city of Worcester. I have enjoyed it, and along with it the satisfaction that I have tried to do my best in the many undertakings that have been mine. On behalf of the city of Worcester I extend you greetings. I am pleased to come here to-night and join with you in your annual reunion as a representative of this city, and to assist in greeting our distinguished visitor, Lieut. -Gov. David I. Walsh. To the lieutenant-governor, I want to say that I am proud of him — proud of his success. He comes from my native town — Clinton. I feel that I know him, and that he has all the ability to administrate the affairs of his high office successfully and to the advantage of all the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. As we assemble here, the faces of men of great attain- ment in the history of Worcester look upon us. These men, whose portraits adorn these vvalls, are the big men of our country. These men, who did valiant service in the cause of patriotism, art, science, agriculture and citizenship, 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 23 found part of their high calling to be affiliated with Worces- ter County Horticultural Society. We see the portrait of Dr. John Green, the first president of your society, a man whose name was a household word throughout the country in the middle part of the nine- teenth century, and whose home estate was given to the city of Worcester to be used as a park. We see the face of Isaac Davis,, Worcester's War Mayor, and the second president of your society, a man of great power and one whose name will live forever in the history of the country. Northboro claims him as his birthplace, and Worcester where he performed his life's work. There is John Milton Earle, your third president, a native of the town of Leicester, and a man of great literary ability and patriotic enterprise. It was upon his petition that the first charter of the city of Worcester was granted. Your fourth president, Stephen Salisbury, 2d, was one of Worcester's greatest sons. There is no necessity of my going into detail regarding the life and deeds of this eminent citizen. We see the portrait of Daniel W^aldo Lincoln, son of Governor Lincoln, your fifth president, a staunch business man and a horticulturist of rare science. I am informed that he was one of the most extensive exhibitors of pears for years, often showing over a hundred varieties. Alexander H. Bullock, mayor of this city in 1859, the son of a farmer who attained great and worthy prominence as a man of state affairs, a co-laborer with Governor Andrew during the war, was your sixth president. Then there is the portrait of George Jaques, your seventh president, who deeded to our city the land on which the city hospital now stands. Then comes in line Francis H. Dewey, twice president of your society, George W. Richardson, Dr. George E. Francis, Obadiah Brown Hadwen, William T. Merrifield, Stephen Salisbury, 3rd, who endowed our Art Museum, and Henry L. Parker. 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Your society has been honored by having among its officials and members the finest examples of manhood, industry and patriotism Worcester County has ever produced since it was settled. When, in 1840, some members of the Agricultural Society formed this Horticultural Society, they launched an insti- tution which has been of great benefit in Worcester County. Your society has proven a wonderful inspiration for young and old to engage in the delightful pursuit of horti- culture. You have expended thousands upon thousands of dollars with the sole idea in view of bettering the fruits, flowers and vegetables raised in Worcester County, and toward inducing more to seek these rewards from the soil. The schedule of the premiums your society offers this year of 1913 was sent to me recently by your secretary, Mr. L. C. Midgley, I notice that your Committee of Arrange- ments has planned a score of exhibitions in which adults may compete, and two for children. I notice that you are liberal in the prizes you offer, both for grown-ups and to the children. Although your society has reached the age of threescore and ten, it does not appear to have grown old in purpose. It is gratifying to all interested in horticulture that you are going in the right way to preserve that interest among the coming generations. By these exhibitions which you will give the latter part of the summer for the children of Worcester County under fourteen years of age, you will continue your work of awakening interest in the young tillers of the soil. Worcester County in the field of horticulture has a record to which we may all point with pride. Great things have been accomplished in our gardens and fields, but the oppor- tunity for greater accomplishment is beyond estimate. The charge that Massachusetts soil is not good can never be proven. We can grow anything here if we use our brains when we sow the seed. The successful gardeners or the 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 25 successful farmers are those who ase the intellect God has given them when they start in to raise things. The hit-or- miss farmer should be a being of the past. There is not a cent in this sort of agriculture, and this rule applies to horticulture. As we ride through the country we see large farms where the owners have failed in a financial way. Then we come across, perhaps, a little farm where the owner had taken advantage of every opportunity as he has seen it, and his fields and gardens teem with prosperity. It is simply an example of the right and the wrong way of doing things. The prosperity of Massachusetts, which we are all anx- ious to see continued, does not depend entirely on the indus- trial resources of our cities and towns. If we are to succeed as a Commonwealth, the fields and gardens must succeed. We must proceed in the miodern, scientific way, the way your society is showing to all the people of Worcester County who will take advantage of it. You have an excellent library. Almost anything one would want to find out about horticulture is treasured on your shelves. I wish more would take advantage of that library. The great name of the Worcester County in the annals of horticulture will ever be secured. No history of the horti- culture of the world can ever be written without giving place of honor to a son of Worcester County, Luther Burbank. The name of Luther Burbank will ever live in the halls of fame. He was one of the world's greatest men of accomplishments, and although we have loaned him to California, our claim to him can never be taken away. There is one face which we all wish we could see to-night. It is the face of an old neighbor of mine, and of a man whose work year after year in the interests of horticulture and Worcester County Horticultural Society will never be for- gotten— Adin A. Hixon, who died September 25, 1911. And, in closing, I wish to pay tribute to his memory. 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 William P. Rich, secretary of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, brought the cordial greetings of the society he represented and spoke of the officers of the Worcester County Society of the past, but said there are just as com- petent men at present. He said: I was so interested in the eloquent speech of our lieutenant-governor that I can't say much about horticulture. Worcester is the seat of horti- culture, and Worcester County Horticultural Society is an authority on horticulture. I bring you to-night the cordial greetings of the Massachusetts Society. These two socie- ties, the oldest in the Commonwealth, have done good work in the advancement of horticulture and agriculture. They are calling at all times to special attention to the cultivation of the soil. The history of the two societies is the history of horticulture in Massachusetts. I am very glad to bring the greetings of my society, which is a few years older, and I know that the accomplishments and the records which both societies have made will add stimulus and promote better work in the future. Your old president, Mr. 0. B. Hadwen, was a man held in high esteem and loved by all. Your late secretary, Mr. Adin Hixon, won the love and respect of all, and whoever went to him he was always ready and willing to help. You have now on your list men fully able to carry on the work so well started by these men. When I look at the society roll for fifty years and find many of the old members have passed away, I think men come and men go but their work progresses and goes on forever. I leave you with the wish that you may do as much for agriculture and horticulture in the future as you have done in the past. Wilfrid Wheeler, secretary of the State Board of Agri- culture, said: One of the biggest problems of to-day to be solved is the selling of the products. Lettuce has been a drug on the market. Growers get only thirty-five cents a box for it and the storekeepers sell it for eight and ten cents a head. Your lieutenant-governor had it over us, the 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 27 department of the state which spends the money on agri- culture. We are the ones who do the work; we have to show the people. One of the greatest problems is that of selling produce, whether grown on the farm or whether it is hay, or a product of the greenhouse. This is the legiti- mate work of the State Board of Agriculture, to help in the distribution and transportation of produce, and she wants the co-operation of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers, the Worcester County Horticultural Society, and all other societies interested in agriculture, and the co-operation of the people. In the matter of distribution we find the con- sumers and the producers are at odds. The retailer will tell you that the farmers are holding up the prices, and this is not the case; the farmers are not getting what they should for their goods. The conditions are not right. We have a state particularly adapted for growing crops, and every inch of it ought to become a great garden, like England. We ought to develop it into a state of great crops. The State Board of Agriculture wishes to co-operate with the people in making it a great garden. Walter D. Ross, president of the Worcester County Agricultural Society, said: The president certainly hit it on the head when he spoke of co-operation. The people of Worcester must get together, have meetings, and work with each other. We have heard a lot in our cities about co-oper- ation, and if the city of Worcester is to continue, we must have this co-operation. We must not knock each other. There is room for all if we will only work together. Here is a little story: Two men were running restaurants on the same street, one a little more progressive and anxious to succeed hung an electric sign, ''Open all night." The other fellow promptly put up a sign, ''We never close." Just below on the same street was a Chinaman, who also ran a restaurant; he looked at the tvvo signs and waked up to the fact that if he wished to continue doing business he must also have an electric sign too. He put up an electric sign 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 which read, ''Me wakee too." There is room for all if we will only work together. I leave it to the Worcester County Horticultural Society and the Worcester County Agricul- tural Society and the Grange all to work in harmony, and I am glad there has always been such a friendly feeling and hope it will continue. I bring the greetings of the Worcester County Agricultural Society and hope that the friendship of the two societies will continue as they have always done in the past. Howard L. Frost, president of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association, said: The question of co-operation I find has been taken up extensively in the East. Our Fruit Growers' Association has been working for the last three years, but I do not know whether we are any nearer solving this problem than we were when we started. But I do know we will have to go outside for help, and as for the co-operation of the Worcester County Horticultural Society — A woman went to a veterinary surgeon. The surgeon asked, ''Can I help you in any way, Madam?" "Yes, I want you to help me about my husband." "You don't want to come to me about your husband, you want to go to a physician." "But I know what I want, you can prescribe all right, he is a common kicker." The trouble with our Fruit Growers' Association is that there are too many kickers, and we want to call in ladies and sweethearts to tell us where to go so we will not be kickers. The Fruit Growers' Association went away from Worcester to hold its annual conventions, and now we are getting lonesome and homesick and want to come back. During the past year the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association has increased its membership, and now has 478 members. The convention held in Boston was the largest ever conducted. This year we voted to go to Springfield, and show the western part of the state what the Worcester County Horticultural started. We expect to come back to Worcester next year with 1,200 members. 1913-14] REPORT OF SECRETARY 29 The truth is being recognized, everybody is looking up to agriculture, and to-night we have our lieutenant-governor and mayor with us, and we want to keep their interest with us. The Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association thinks of the Worcester County Horticultural Society as its mother, and its members are glad to get back and attend this reunion, and to meet again the members of that society. We are like the girl who went away from her sweetheart on a vaca- tion. The longer she stayed the more he thought of her. I bring the greetings of my society and hope that the Wor- cester County Horticultural Society will continue in the future as it has in the past. Joseph K. Greene told humorous stories, and C. L. Gold, of West Cornwall, Ct., said they had to admit that Massa- chusetts is above them — on the map, but Connecticut is her foundation. ''It is true we are called the Nutmeg State," said Mr. Gold, ''but is there a greater?" He said the busy man accomplishes things, and the man who does nothing accomplishes nothing. Mr. Bowen, of the Rhode Island Society, was the last speaker, and said that he had learned something that day, and that the Massachusetts Fruit Growers are going to send their secretary down to learn something from Rhode Island. He said, "This is the first I ever knew of Massa- chusetts acknowledging that somebody else knew some- thing." He toasted the ladies and told humorous stories about the members of the society, and entertained with happenings of the past ten years. The banquet closed with everybody singing "Auld Lang Syne." The march formed soon afterward and was led by President and Mrs. Edward Breed. A dance order of twelve numbers brought the reunion to a close. Louis J. Zahonyi & Co. did the catering and Truda's orchestra fur- nished music. LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Secretary. LIBRARIAN'S REPORT To THE Members of The Worcester County Horti- cultural Society: In submitting my report for the year 1912-1913 I wish first to express my personal appreciation of the improve- ments made in the Library. The attractiveness and com- fort afforded for the members ought to secure more general use and increased interest in the facilities offered. The interest manifested in some of our literature by visitors to our Library, aside from regular members, has been encour- aging. There were loaned to the members during the year 90 books and the periodicals, papers and bulletins have been consulted freely. The Transactions of the Society for 1886-1899 have been bound, also The Garden, Gardeners' Chronicle, and Ameri- can Homes and Gardens. The additions to the Library during the year just closed, by purchase or by gift, will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture. Office of Secretary Circular, No. 41, Revised. Office of Experiment Stations, Vol. IV Nos. 13, 14, Vol. XXVII No. 11. Farmers' Bulletin, Nos. 514, 515. Circular, No. 41, Library Bulletin, No. 76. Catalogue of Publication relating to Forestry in the United States Department of Agriculture. Monthly Bulletins of the Library, Vol. Ill Nos. 9 to 12, Vol. IV Nos. 1 to 6 inclusive. Crop Report, Vol. XXV No. 6, Vol. XXVI Nos. 1 to 5. 1913-14] librarian's report 31 Monthly list of Publications, November to September. Nebraska Agricultural Experimental Station, Bulletins Nos. 131 to 138. Research Bulletin, Nos. 1 and 2. Press Bulletin, Nos. 38 to 40. 25th and 26th Annual Report. Michigan Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletins Nos. 268 to 269. West Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station, Bulle- tins Nos. 140 to 141. Bulletin Vol. I No. 1, State Crop Pest Law and rules and regulations of the Commission. Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station, Bulletin No. 173. 25th Annual Report. Missouri Botanical Gardens, 23rd Report. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 164 and 165. Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Worcester, Mass., 1912 and 1913. Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1913. Civic Association. American Pomological Society. Rhode Island State College Bulletin, Vol. No. 11, Exten- sion Bulletin Lecture, 1913. Fifty-third Annual Report of the Free Public Library, 1912-1913. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. Dedication of the Beaman Memorial Public Library. Twenty-second Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservation, 1912. Orchid Review, Vols. I-XXI, donated to the Society by George McWilliam. Worcester Board of Trade Year Book. Worcester Telegram. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Bulletins Nos. 35 to 50. Evening Gazette. Evening Post. Weekly Guide. Worcester City Directory, 1913. 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 The Landscape Beautiful, by Frank A. Waugh. Mosses, by A. J. Grout. Plant Culture, by G. W. Oliver. Commercial Rose Culture, by Eber Holmes. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vols. VII, VIII. Third Series. Sweet Pea Annual, 1911 to 1913. Co-operation in New England, by James Ford. The Enemies of the Rose. N. R. S. Official Catalogue of Roses. Handbook on Pruning Roses. Hints on Planting Roses. The Rose Annual, 1911-1912. Publications and Periodicals Country Life in America. Suburban Life. American Homes and Gardens. The Garden Magazine. Florists' Exchange. Florists' Review. American Florist. Gardening. Horticulture. Park and Cemetery. New England Homestead. The Rural New Yorker. The Farm Journal. The Country Gentleman. The National Grange Monthly. The Worcester Magazine. The Guide to Nature. The American City. Rhodora. Orchid Review. Meehan's Monthly. The Craftsman. 1913-14] librarian's report English Papers Garden. Gardening. Gardeners' Chronicle. American Catalogues Aurora Nurseries. American Nursery Company. American Forestry Company. Andorra Nurseries. Ames Implement and Seed Company. Breck-Robinson Nursery Company. Boddington's Garden Guide. Bobbink and Atkins Nurseries. Bay State Nurseries. Burbank Seed Book. Breck's Seed Book. A. Blanc and Company. Barnes Brothers Nursery Company. H. F. Burt Catalogue. Clark W. Brown. D. V. Burrell, Seed Grower. Bassett and Weller, Dahlias. Burpees' Annual. William C. Barry, Nurseries. John Lewis Childs, Gladiolus. Conard and Jones Company. Arthur Co wee, Gladioli. The Cottage Gardens Nursery Book. Cushman Gladiolus Company. ^ Chamberlain & Gage, Gladiolus Bulbs. Henry A. Dreer, Garden Book. R. Douglas' Sons. Ellwanger and Barry, Nurseries. Evergreen Nursery Company. Elliott Nursery. 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 The Elizabeth Nursery Company. John Endicott & Company, Dahhas. The Elm City Nursery Company. Ela's Dahlia Catalogue. Farquhar's Garden Annual. Bertrand H. Farr, Hardy Plants. Fairview Seed Farmer. L. J. Farmer. Samuel Frazer. Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Company. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Seedsmen. Miss Jessie M. Good, Seeds and Plants. Glen Brothers, Nursery. Gillett's Hardy Fern and Flower Farm. The Good & Reese Company. Ralph E. Huntington, Flower Seeds and Bulbs. Peter Henderson & Company. T. S. Hubbard Company, Grapevine Specialists. Hill's Evergreen Book. Horsford's Nurseries. Heller Brothers Company, Rose Specialists. Harrison's Nurseries. Isbell's Seed Annual. Hiram T. Jones, Hardy Trees and Ferns. Johnson Seed Potato Company. F. W. Kelsey Nursery Company. E. H. Krelage & Son. King Brothers, Nurseries. R. M. Kellogg Company. Harlan P. Kelsey, Nursery. Livingston's Seed Annual. J. T. Lovett. Lager & Hurrell. Michell's Seeds Book. The Moore Seed Company. Morse's Garden Guide. The William H. Moon Company. 1913-14] librarian's report Mills Seed Company. L. L. May & Company. C. C. Morse & Company. Thomas Meehan & Sons. McGregor Brothers Company. W. A. Manda. J. F. Noll & Company. A. N. Pierson, Roses. Peterson Nursery. Richard Parkinson. Peacock Dahlia Farms. Ross Brothers Company. Royal Palm Nurseries. Frederic J. Rea. The Stark Year Book. Elmer D. Smith & Company. The Schmidt & Botley Company. The Storrs & Harrison Company. Stump & Walter Company. W. & T. Smith Company. Thorburn's Seeds. Fred L. Tinkham, Dahlias. Charles H. Totty. T. C. Thurlow's Sons Nurseries. B. Hammond Tracy, Gladiolus. Mrs. L. M. Towle, Dahlias. R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons Company. Walsh's Handbook of Roses. Weeber & Don. George H. Walker, Dahlias. Vaughan's Seed Store. James Vick's Sons. Wilfrid Wheeler. Foreign Catalogues Barr's Seed Guide. A. Blanc & Company. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 George Bunyard & Company. Cayeux & Le Clerc. Andre Charmet. Cartwright & Goodwin, Bulbs. H. Cannell & Sons. James Carter & Company. Dobbie & Company. Henry Eckford. Hobbies. Kelway's Manual. C. Keur & Sons. E. H. Krelage & Son, Bulbs. V. Lemoine & Fils. Charles Lorenz. H. IMerry weather & Sons, Nurseries. Henry Mette, Seed Growers. H. Den Ouden, Nurseries. The Oevrveen Bulb Trade and Nurseries, Paul & Sons, Nurseries. The Royal Tottenham Nurseries. Ant. Roozen & Son, Bulbs. Frederick Roemer, Seed Grower. Jacs Smits & Company. Soupert & Notting, Roses. James Stredwick & Son. J. C. Schmidt. Sutton's Sons. James Veitch Sons. Van der Weijden & Company. H. Woolman's. Thomas S. Ware, Begonias. Heinrich Wrede, Pansy Specialist. Anthony Waterer, Nursery. R. Wallace & Company, Nurseries. Webb & Sons. The Yokohama Nursery. Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian. Horticultural Hall, October 31, 1913. REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE During the past season the hall and library room have been painted throughout and new electric lights of the most modern type installed, new gas fixtures have been put in, and the library room has been refurnished with the intention of using it solely as a library room. These improvements, with the changes made last year in the banquet hall, have put the building in first-class condi- tion. The hall is rented Saturdays for moving pictures to the same party that had it last winter, who was very satis- factory, his employees were civil and gentlemanly and the audiences orderly. The receipts for the hall the past year have nearly doubled the previous year, and the advance engagements seem to indicate that the coming season will be as good. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN, Chairman. 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 TREASURER'S REPORT For THE Financial Year Ending Oct. 31, 1913 Statement of Receipts and Expenditures Receipts Expenditures Store rent. Hall rent, Interest, Membership fees: 16 & $5 — $80 2 @ 3— 6 Permanent funds: Hadwen fund, $60 Eames " 27 Dewey " 81.38 F. W. Woolworth Co., Winter meetings, banquet tickets. Fall dinner, Janitor's exp. refund. Miscellaneous receipts. Cash on hand, Nov. 1, 1912, $10,000.00 5,471.50 320.22 86.00 168.38 586.79 154.50 38.00 3.60 12.90 $16,841.89 10,510.58 $27,352.47 Furnishings, Winter meetings, $644.80 Library — book account, 81.38 Publications, 296.75 Premiums, 2,576.25 Children's exhibits, 91.55 Eames fund premiums, 27.00 Hadwen medals, 60.00 Society's medals, 30.00 Judges, 170.00 Salaries, 1,850.00 Payment on mortgage, Interest, 849.76 Insurance and taxes, 1,352.86 Maintenance real estate, Maintenance furnishings, Light, heat and water. Janitor's expense, Office expense, Library expense, Expense of exhibits, Fall dinners (1912, 1913), Miscellaneous expense, $716.02 5,807.73 2,020.00 4,000.00 Cash on hand Oct. 31, 1913: Marlboro Savings Bank, $1,218.94 Clinton Savings Bank, 1,279.29 Worcester County Institution for Savings, 1,308.03 Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank, 1,171.62 Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank, 1,236.68 Worcester Trust Co., 3,526.87 2,202.62 1,607.82 112.95 1,669.18 706.69 247.37 59.32 152.78 125.00 183.56 $17,611.04 $9,741.43 $27,352.47 1913-14J REPORT OF TREASURER 39 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Losses Store rent, $10,000.00 $5,500.00 Hall rent. 5,584.00 Office expense. 247^37 Membership fees. 86.00 170.00 Income from permanent funds. 168.38 Library expense. 59^32 Children's exhibits, unexpend- Fall dinners (1912, 1913), 58.00 ed balance of appropriation. 3.25 Winter meetings, excess of appropria- Publications, unexpended bal- tions, 90.30 ance of appropriations. 8.45 Eames fund premiums. 27^00 Premiums appropriated, not Hadwen medals, 60.00 awarded (1912), 73.75 Society's medals. 30.00 Miscellaneous receipts. 12.90 Light, heat and water. 1,267.10 Maintenance real estate. 1,607.82 Insurance and taxes. 1,352.86 Maintenance furnishings, 112.95 Janitor's expense. 703.09 Miscellaneous expense. 183.56 Interest, 529.54 Expense of exhibits. 152.78 Depreciation, 216.09 $12,367.78 Net gain to surplus, 3,568.95 $15,936.73 $15,936.73 Statement of Resources and Liabilities Kesources Liabilities Deposits in Savings Banks: Fitchburg Savings Bank, $1,074.36 Peoples Savings Bank, 1,135.04 Worcester Five Cents Sav- ings Bank, 625.08 Worcester Mechanics Sav- ings Bank, 1,519.69 • $4,354.17 Real estate, 120,000.00 Furnishings, 6,500.00 Library, 2,800.00 Cash, 9,741.43 Blake fund, principal, $1,000.00 " " income, 74.36 Dewey fund, principal, 1,000.00 income, 519.69 Eames fund, principal, 500.00 " " income, 125.08 Hadwen fund, principal, 1,000.00 " " income, 135.04 $4,354.17 Premiums appropriated, 707.00 Premiums awarded, 2,143.00 Mortgage loan, 19,000.00 $26,204.17 Surplus, $113,622.48 Net gain, 1913, 3,568.95 $117,191.43 $143,395.60 $143,395.60 Respectfully submitted, BURT W. GREENWOOD, Treasurer. Report of the Medal Committee During the past year the following medals have been awarded : Society Medals Waban Rose Conservatories, Natick, Mass., Rose — Mrs- Charles Russell. A. N. Pierson Co., Cromwell, Conn., Rose — Milady. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass., Lilies — Myriophil- lum, Sargentae. Hadwen Medal A. A. Marshall, Fitchburg, Mass., Apples — Display of Mackintosh and Wealthy. Respectfully submitted, E. W. BREED, Chairman. November 5, 1913. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS Worcester, Nov. 5, 1913. We, the undersigned auditors of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, have examined the accounts of the treasurer of the society and find them correct and the bal- ances properly deposited or accounted for. H. WARD MOORE, BENJ. C. JAQUES. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ARRANGE- MENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Your committee spent considerable time on the schedule, making some changes which have worked out as well as could be expected, and it would seem as though some of them should be continued. The season has been such that some of our exhibitions have not been up to the average, but as a whole they have been quite satisfactory. Apples were not up to our average in number of exhibit or quantity. Owing to the sickness and death of our judge on flowers we have not had as many exhibits from Whitinsville, and having no steady judge on flowers the judging has not been as uniform as usual. Some of the exhibits that were not scheduled but worthy of special mention were an exhibit of vegetables by Mr. Wolfe, of Auburn, raised under irrigation, and one by Mr. Greenwood raised without irrigation, and an exhibit of box apples by Mr. Marshall, of Fitchburg. Respectfully submitted, H. R. KINNEY, Chairman. REPORT OF CHAIRMAN OF WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1913 ARTHUR J. MARBLE Thursday, January 9. Illustrated Lecture — The Recent International Horticultural Exposition held in London, Mr. John Farquhar, president Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Thursday, January 16. Illustrated Lecture — Within the Arctic Circle, Mr. Donald B. MacMillan, Arctic explorer. Thursday, January 23. Illustrated Lecture — Chinese Plants, Prof. E. H. Wilson, Arnold Arboretum. Thursday, January 30. Illustrated Lecture — The Yellow- stone, Rev. William J. Taylor. Thursday, February 6. Ladies' Day — Illustrated Lec- ture— Dalmatia, Miss Margaret C. Bolles, Tufts College. Thursday, February 13. Recreation as a Municipal Func- tion, Mr. G. A. Parker, superintendent parks, Hartford, Conn. Thursday, February 20. Young Orchards, Mr. Fred A. Smith, Ipswich, Mass. Thursday, February 27. Old Orchards, Mr. Everett E. Brown, Pomfret Centre, Conn. Thursday, March 13. Some Social Conditions, Prof. Frank H. Hankins, Clark University. John Farquhar, president of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, was the speaker at the first winter meeting of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in Horti- cultural Hall, on the afternoon of January 9th. Arthur J. 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 43 Marble, chairman of the Programme Committee, gave a short talk. He said the way the committee would know how well their work was appreciated would be by the size of the audience which greeted the speaker. He invited all interested in horticulture or in the society to attend. President Edward W. Breed then introduced Mr. Far- quhar, who spoke on ''The Recent International Horti- cultural Exposition held in London," which he attended last summer. Mr. Farquhar described many beautiful exhibits which were shown at the exhibition and illustrated them with stereopticon views. He spoke of horticulture in Asia, Europe and America, and said that long before London exhibited flowers, the people of Italy and Egypt had shown much art in the arrangement of their shows and flowers. The first picture shown described the exhibit of George Horford, of Gloucester. This was a beautiful display of orchids. On his estates is a collection of orchids which the speaker said is worth $1,500,000. Mr. Farquhar spoke of the interest which the nobility and the wealthy class of England take in the exhibits. King George and the Duke of Portland are among those who took an active interest and had exhibits at the exposition. Mr. Farquhar then spoke of the lack of interest shown in flowers by the wealthy people of America, and said it is almost impossible to get them interested. Another picture showed an exhibit of Mrs. James Veitch & Sons. This exhibit displayed about 1,500 new plants and shrubs which had been imported from China. He said the firm of Veitch & Co. has done more for horticulture in England than any other. They were the first people to engage Prof. E. H. Wilson to go to China and make re- searches for new species of plants. Mr. Farquhar then spoke of the two trips which Mr. Wilson had taken to China for the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard College at Jamaica Plain, and of the many novelties in flowers and shrubs which he had introduced here. 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 The next picture showed a fine arrangement of fuchsias and giant amaryllis from the estate of Sir George Horford. Mr. Farquhar spoke of the artistic arrangement of all the displays seen at the international exhibit and said he hoped in a short time to see a great improvement shown in the arrangements of the exhibits here. Other pictures shown from Sir George Horford's collec- tion were displays of orchids artistically arranged with greenery and flowering greenhouse plants of a variety little used here because of their slow growth. A collection of stove plants in perfection was next shown, and many beau- tiful ferns, to the growth of which the w^eather in northern Europe and England is favorable, were next displayed. Mr. Farquhar described how these beautiful tropical ferns can be grown in Germany and Russia where the weather is more favorable than in America. ''An American collec- tion exhibited was that of Mr. Manda, of South Orange, which carried off many prizes and was something for the American people to be proud of," said the lecturer. A beautiful exhibit of roses was shown by William Paul & Son, of London. All varieties of roses was the next picture shown. Mr. Farquhar described the new, delicate roses which he had seen in Paris; among them was the Caroline rose which grows to a gigantic size. He said many of the finest rose blooms are seen in Paris. Another American exhibitor was M. H. Walsh, of Woods Hole, who had a wonderful display of climbing roses. Among his collection were the Lady Gray, Hiawatha and many other kinds highly prized in England. Mr. Walsh has won prizes and medals from the Massachusetts Horti- culture Society. He was awarded the George Robert White medal last year for doing good work for the society. Mr. Farquhar then described the attendance at the exposition and told how the omnibuses, taxicabs and every vehicle displayed some sign of advertising which attracted great crowds to the show. He said P. T. Barnum's circus never drew the attention that this exhibition did in London. In 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 45 describing the great crowds that attended, he said, ''The entrance fee the first day was two guineas or $10.50, and more than 8,000 people attended. The second day the fee was one guinea or $5.25, and 15,000 people paid admission. The third day, when the admission was still lower, or $2.25, more than 40,000 people attended, and on the latter days of the show, when the lowest admission fee was charged, fully 100,000 people enjoyed the exhibit. Mr. Farquhar then showed pictures of many beautiful floral and plant displays. Messrs. Dobbie & Co., of Edinburgh, had one of the finest collections of sweet peas ever shown in London. Not a single flower had a stem less than sixteen inches long and the minimum width of each flower bloom was one and three-fourths inches. The climate in England is more favorable for raising these flowers. He then described other fine varieties of sweet peas displayed which showed great progress in horticulture. The process of making the wonderful size blooms dimin- ishes the seed-producing qualities and they are less profit- able and will be more expensive to the buyer, said Mr. Farquhar. An attractive arrangement of carnations was next shown. Mr. Farquhar said: ''The blooms, owing to the climate, are not as good as ours, but I want to call special attention to the artistic grouping. It is really surprising what they have done with them in the way of artistic arrangement." Carter & Co., who were one of the largest exhibitors, had an interesting group of lihes exhibited, but they were not any better than those grown by Mary S. Ames, North Easton. Among other groups of beautiful lilies Mr. Far- quhar showed some fine specimens brought from China by Prof. Wilson. Other pictures displayed showed many graceful effects of lilies arranged with palms. Some of these were shown by Mr. Felton, the king's decorator, who is contemplating a trip to America. The lecturer told how the New England climate is particularly adapted to the 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 growth of hardy plants, especially those wonderful speci- mens found in Turkestan and Asia Minor. Pictures of beautiful fields of primulas, poppies and chrysanthemums, and about 500 other varieties of hardy flowering plants, were shown. Mr. Farquhar showed pictures of fruit gardens displayed by Leopold Rothschild which won prizes in preference to those shown by King George. The speaker then drew attention to a series of pictures which showed many beau- tiful arrangements of vegetables, and said the Americans had much to learn from this exhibit about the artistic arrangement of vegetables. At this show the size of the fruit and vegetables is not considered as much as the quality and tenderness, and the culinary quality of the vegetable is considered before anything else, he continued. A number of pictures of the beautiful Japanese and English gardens were next shown. These were exhibited on the largest scale ever attempted, and acres and acres of Japanese gardens, rose gardens and gardens representing the different periods of English history were seen. The best effects were obtained in the Tudor gardens and rose gardens. Many of the Japanese gardens are built on hilly grounds and the land in which the exhibit took place was level, so the artistic effects of some of the Japanese gardens did not show up as well as others. He then showed pictures of many of the royal gardens of London and other parts of England. Mr. Farquhar said that the Massachusetts Society of Horticulture is contemplating having the annual conven- tion of the American horticulturists in 1914, in Boston. The mayor of Boston and other influential people are work- ing for this, and the parks commissioners have offered a ten- acre lot. The society is planning for an exhibit something like the one conducted in London, but about half the size of it. The last pictures shown were of a travel trip which the lecturer took through Holland. These showed many 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 47 beautiful fields of cultivated gardens of German iris, tulips and peonies. He described with his pictures how the fruit trees are trained to grovv on trellises so they will not shut out the light from the homes or crowd the narrow streets. Donald B. MacMillan, Arctic explorer, was greeted with applause by one of the largest audiences that ever attended a winter meeting of the Horticultural Society in Horti- cultural Hall, on the afternoon of January 16th. Mr. MacMillan's subject was ''Within the Arctic Circle," and his talk was illustrated with msLuy beautiful stereopticon views made from photographs taken on his recent tour of the North with Commodore Peary when he discovered the North Pole. The lecture was given in Horticultural Hall, and was the second of the free lectures scheduled on the winter programme of the society. Mr. MacMillan was introduced by Edward Breed, presi- dent of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. He spoke of the pleasure of seeing such a large audience and the appreciation which it showed for the speaker. Mr. MacMillan described his trip with Commodore Peary, the Eskimos whom he met and the places visited. He said the Eskimos were the happiest, and the most affectionate people to be found, and while they lived mostly like animals on raw meat, birds and bird's eggs, they are pleasant and hospitable people to meet and have many good qualities. In the far North they are all heathens and know nothing of the Bible, but live to care for one another. They know nothing of a God and pray to the devil to take away the ''evil spirits." "The Eskimos would not learn our language so we began to learn theirs," said Mr. MacMillan. "This language contains many words which are spoken alike but when spoken in different places have different meanings." He gave an illustration and told how he asked one of the Eskimo women to sew up a hole in his trousers, but by asking this in the house its meaning was translated by the 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 woman to sew up the hole in the roof of his pants. He said the woman seemed to think this quite a joke and roared with laughter. Mr. MacMillan then showed pictures of the Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador, and the most northern parts of Green- land. He showed Peary at the North Pole in 1909, and a picture taken in 1830 by Sir John Ross of a people who had never seen any foreigner before this explorer came. He displayed a picture of an interesting part of Labrador, where Peary's party landed on the return from the North Pole, which showed the station where the Marconi wireless flashed out the news of the discovery of the pole, and where a staff of reporters were busy taking down accounts of the expedition. The next picture was of bleak and barren Labrador, which Mr. MacMillan described as the land of fish, and said that 30,000 men, women and children fish along this dan- gerous coast, — which has neither bell nor lighthouse to guide them, — during the spring and summer, reaping a harvest from the sea. They return home in the fall, to rest for the winter. He also showed a picture of a whaling station, and ex- plained how every part of the whale is made use of, except the smell, which is wasted all over the place. Mr. MacMillan said that years ago the Eskimos in Labrador were one of the most savage peoples in the world, but were converted by two Moravian missionaries. The Eskimos are fast dis- appearing in Labrador, and now only about 10,000 remain. He described the costume worn by the Eskimo women, now that they are partly civilized, and showed pictures of women in the native dress made of seal skins. ''Years ago,'' he said, ''the Eskimo woman dressed entirely in seal skins, and the dress of flannels, which she has acquired from her civilized friends, is neither shapely nor as picturesque as her native costume. Some of the beautiful pictures shown were scenes off the coast of Labrador, and the land of the midnight sun. 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 49 These showed magnificent ice floes in Baffin's Bay, with great icebergs in the distance. He explained how the icebergs are not made of salt water, but of compact snow, and told of finding pools of fresh water on the icebergs, which fur- nished excellent drinking water. He also showed immense icebergs, which were imbedded with rock and earth, and told how the icebergs are carrying tons of dirt and rock away from Greenland, and how some people accounted for the great banks off the coast of Newfoundland as parts of Greenland. One picture showed Eskimos whaling in Melville Bay. He spoke of the danger of crossing this bay in May and June, and said the best time to cross in safety was when his party did, which was in July. Other pictures described the Eskimo boat, which is eighteen feet long and nine inches deep. This is made of wood covered with skins, and the Eskimo uses it in fishing on the sea. He described the home life of the Eskimo, saying that the hardest work of the housewife is to make clothes for her husband and for herself. Another interesting picture shown was of four Eskimo drivers who accompanied Peary to the Pole. In describing the Eskimo race, Mr. MacMillan said, ''Some of the Eski- mos greatly resemble the Indian, others the Mongolian, so we must believe them Indians." He said, ''Water is too precious to wash in, and in the winter time Eskimos never take a bath. Some of the women have not combed their hair for forty years. The people are repulsive, and you can smell them as they approach; but in conversing with them you would forget their dirt, they are so happy and hospitable. They are also simple minded and like to be entertained and to hear stories of the southern country. They have wonderful white teeth, just like the polar bear, and they clean them just as often. A dentist would surely starve to death if he lived with them. Girls marry at the age of twelve, and every woman is mar- ried as there are a great many more men than women. 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 ''I told one young Eskimo of the number of girls in America, and he said, 'When you come back you bring me three/ The women are so scarce, all the men are wilhng to marry them. I have the picture of a girl whom ten men are waiting to marry. The parents of the girls pick out the husbands, and many are engaged while they are still in the cradle. The husbands believe in changing their wives often, and although they live a good deal like animals, they are happy. ''Some Eskimos live in seal skin huts in summer, stone huts in winter and in temporary snow huts, w^hen traveling. They all sleep together, mother, father, children and visitors, as there is only one bed in the hut, and although there is no regularity in their lives, they are one of the most healthy peoples in the world. The Eskimo sleeps when he feels inclined, stays in bed as long as he feels sleepy, and when some are going to bed others are getting up. He wears little clothing in the hut. There is no artificial heat in the hut, and the only heat is from the bodies of the inmates, and when it is cold they invite in another Eskimo to make a little more heat. "Seal meat is the principal food of the Eskimos." Mr. MacMillan described his pictures of the huts and homes and their mode of catching seals. He said the fat is taken from the baby seals and shipped to Italy and then reshipped back to America for olive oil. He showed pictures of polar bears which were killed by his party, and told how they are considered the terror of the North. Other interesting pictures shown were of walrus hunting, which the speaker described as the most dangerous sport of the North. He said the Americans furnish the boats and ammunition to kill the walruses, and the natives furnish skill and the harpoons. He showed pictures of the musk ox, which he said is nearly extinct. He captured one to bring back but it lived only a few days after its capture. Pictures of the northern Eskimo dogs were shown, and Mr. MacMillan said although they are regarded as the fierc- 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 51 est dogs in the world, they are faithful animals for pulling sleds. He showed a picture of the team of Peary's dogs which helped to discover the North Pole and described the manner of driving them. Mr. MacMillan showed some pictures of beautiful beds of Arctic poppies which grow at the foot of the glaciers, the buttercup, dandelion and gentian beds. In Greenland there are 361 different kinds of flowers growing in Greenland. Mr. MacMillan has been chosen to lead a scientific expedition to be sent out this summer by the American Museum and Natural History Society, to explore the Northland. The party, which will consist of five scientists and one mechanic, will leave New York July 6, and will pass two years in scientific research and exploration. The men selected to join Mr. MacMillan are: Ensign Fitzhugh Green, detailed by the U. S. Navy as topographer, and W. Elmer Ekblau, University of Illinois, as geologist. The surgeon is to be chosen from the United States Army. Others are to be selected. They will land at Flagler Bay, 650 miles from the North Pole, and will be joined by eight Eskimo dog drivers, they will push on and during the fall expect to reach upper Ellsmere Land. From there they will go to the most northern point of Axile Helberg Land. The spring of 1914, the party expect to explore the polar sea and reach Crocker Land, discovered by Peary in 1906. They will pass six weeks there in exploration and scientific work. The party will then separate and some will go to the north, others to the south and some into the interior as far as the condition of the ice will allow. Dr. Harris, tidal expert at Washington, says there are at least 500,000 square miles of land in this continent to be explored. The party has a magnificent scientific equipment and is now picking its men to accompany the expedition. Prof. E. H. Wilson, Arnold Arboretum, was the speaker at the third winter meeting of the Worcester Horticultural Society in Horticultural Hall, the afternoon of January 23rd. 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Mr. Wilson passed twelve years in Western China study- ing plant life and searching for rare shrubs. He first went to China for an English horticultural firm, in 1889, and in 1906 and 1911 made trips for the Arnold Arboretum. He recently received the Victoria medal in recognition of his work in the advancement of horticulture. The speaker described Chinese plants, and illustrated them with stereopticon views made from photographs taken by him during his travels through the country in search of the new specimens of plants which abound there. Mr. Wilson brought his audience into the very heart of China, and in describing his pictures of flowers, fruit, and shrubs found growing 1,500 miles from the coast, he said: ''Last year I spoke on what the country of China was like, to-day I v/ill speak of the flowers which grow there. Very little of the earth's surface remains unexplored, and China represents to the East what we do to America. The Chinese are a nation of agricul- turists and get more returns from a piece of ground than any other people. They use no fertilizers, but by tillage and irrigation have been able to keep the soil fertile, and to raise, each year from the same piece of ground, tremendous crops of rice and vegetables. The Chinese vegetables have a peculiar taste and would not be salable in America. Their gourds are inferior in flavor to the ones which we grow here, and their rhubarb, although decidedly orna- mental, is not as palatable as ours. Mr. Wilson showed pictures of the rhubarb and of the soap bean which is used for washing silk fabrics and other fabrics of a fine quality. The next flower shown was the primrose, which Mr. Wilson said grows abundantly on the rocks. This flower was intro- duced into Europe 100 years ago from China. Although a great many people think they can never get into the interior of China, we penetrated into the very centre and found a number of new specimens of primroses. These grow abundantly in China, and of all the greenhouse plants they are the easiest to cultivate. 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 53 Many of our garden favorites have their home in China, which makes it particularly interesting to horticulturists. So many good plants have come from China that we have at the Arnold Arboretum about 1,900 specimens of different shrubs and plants brought by Prof. Sargent. We also owe to China peonies and many other ornamental greenhouse plants. Many of our new plants are the result of cultivators' skill, and the value of hybridizing and breeding is fully recognized. Gloxinias are not only valuable in themselves, but as the parents of new races. China is particularly rich in primulas in the Alpine regions. A new specie has been introduced which is orange-scarlet in coloring. Some of the crossed cultivated plants are not vigorous, but we have succeeded in crossing them with a Japanese variety of primula and it has resulted in a hardier race. We came across many interesting and curious plants during our travels. Their rhubarb is entirely different from ours. It is not very palatable but is decidedly ornamental. The country of China is so vast and the climate so varied, there is room for a vast industry in all kinds of plants. One of the most abundant flowers is the moccasin plant. This grows so abundantly that in July and June, in some parts of the country, it is impossible to walk without stepping on them. China has not given us our most valuable orchids, but we found a number of interesting species growing there in the Himalaya Mountains. Our choicest varieties come from Central America and Mexico. Many orchids are found in the woods of the Himalaya Mountains, and the natives use the bulbs for medicine. Some of the prettiest pictures showed fields of poppies in many beautiful colors. In describing the poppy Prof. Wilson said: ''We have succeeded in getting a blue-scarlet poppy and the one we are after now is the yellow poppy. The object of my second trip to China was to discover the yellow poppy. We walked 600 miles through the dense woods in the heart of China in hopes of getting this flower, and we had the good fortune 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 to find it. The seeds were sent to Veitch & Co., London, and the first yellow poppies were exhibited at the London National Exhibition." The lotus is one of China's most beautiful and useful flowers. Its seeds are roasted and used as food by the natives. The moist woodlands of China are rich in plants suitable for hardy growth here. Mr. Wilson showed a picture of a field of lotus plants with leaves three feet apart, and he described and illustrated with his pictures many species of lilies which grow on the dry mountains. He showed a picture of the Golden Ray Lily of Japan, which he described as the grandest member of the family. In speaking of these pictures, he said: **The majority of lilies have their home on the mountains, which are miles from the coast and the expense of gathering and carting them is large. It is impossible to dry them up and pack them at the gathering place, which is 2,000 miles from the coast. It takes ten weeks' traveling to get to this place. In many cases the lily bulbs have to be dried once, and then dried over again, and packed in cases which are waterproof, and getting them over the long distance is a hard task. "China is far richer in woody plants than in herbaceous ones. "The next picture shows about fifty different species of clematis which are found growing in China. These flowers are produced in great profusion and are hardy and can be cultivated anywhere. There are fifty species of clematis in China. This picture shows the gardens in Hongkong with species of the jasmine. This flower is not a hardy grower. A great many varieties of the honeysuckle, japonica or golden silverflower, as it is called by the Chinese, has been produced. It would be impossible to name all the climbers that grow in this country. "China is interesting as being the home parent of many of our roses. The tea rose is a Chinese plant and grows wild, there, to-day. From the rose plant has been produced 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 55 many of our rambler roses. It has been crossed with other species and from it has been produced many beautiful, new- species. When we think of the wonderful things which have been accomplished in flowers and plants, and that there are many new species which have not been used for hybridizing, and many more are being experimented upon, we can predict wonderful results for the future. We have a moss rose at the Arnold Arboretum, and with it we hope to raise some new, hardy specimens of roses. The native rose of China has been crossed and reproduced and many of our beautiful crimson ramblers have been developed from them. Only a few species found in China have been used for hybridizing, but many more are left to experiment with. Nearly every hybridizer has followed the same lines, as they think originality does not pay. Some experiment with carnations, roses or some such common flower, but the Arnold Arboretum is trying all kinds of experiments with all the different species of shrubs found recently, and some wonderful flowers, even more beautiful than those we have now, are predicted for the future. ''China is not well off in plants of the Scotch moors, and heather is unknown there. There are more than one hun- dred varieties of rhododendrons growing in China and over sixty of them are in cultivation. The hydrangea is also a native of China. ''In looking over an American garden in autumn you can easily pick out the European trees, which lose their leaves sooner than the American. The Chinese shrubs shed their leaves three or four weeks later than our shrubs. With the aid of these foreign plants we can prolong the season of the American garden, and also its beauty. The bulk of our shrubs flower in spring, and there is a period between the flower and the fruit season. The Asiatic shrubs, which flower in this between season, are doubly desirous to us to beautify our gardens in August and September." Prof. Wilson showed pictures of the new plants on which the Arnold Arboretum is experimenting for decorative purposes for Christmas and New Year's, and said: 56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 ''We owe to China all our fruit, as it was the home of the apricot, tangerine orange and the peach. These fruits were first introduced into Europe by the trade route, through Persia." One of his pictures displayed a peach orchard growing at an altitude of 9,000 feet in a bleak and barren atmosphere. ''The plant is hardy," he said, "and although we have not fully tested it, yet there is a possibility that it will put new blood in the peach. The trees are generally the same as we see here. The European walnut is a Chinese tree which has been cultivated. There are many wonderful willows and poplars in China, and the willows of Babylon are famous the world over. They are trying to introduce them here but it is a difficult task as they do not produce seeds, and the whips do not survive the long journey in a fresh state. Many of them are withered and dead when they reach their destination. The castor oil plant grows in great profusion there, and was introduced by the Arnold Arboretum thirty years ago. "A disease is killing our chestnut trees and unless some remedy is found they vvill soon be extinct. The Japanese and Chinese chestnut trees are said to be immune, and in time these may be introduced to take the place of our native trees. This is not as handsome as the American but it produces good nuts and wood. "The camphor trees are also found in China, and the bark of the tree is most beautiful. A number of Japanese yews have been introduced into New England and are growing. One of these is on the Hunnewill estate and another on Bayard Thayer's estate in Lancaster." Mr. Wilson said that any of the plants which he had described could be seen at the Arnold Arboretum at Jamaica Plain, and invited the members of the society to visit the Arboretum. "Yellowstone Park, Its Wonders and Beauties," was described by Rev. William J. Taylor, pastor of All Souls 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 57 Universalist Church, at the fourth winter meeting of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in Horticultural Hall, the afternoon of January 30th. Mr. Taylor is a speaker who knows how to handle his audience; he is brimful of humor and mixes in enough of the humorous element to hold the attention of the listener. The beauties of the park system were illustrated with stereopticon views, many of which showed the geysers, cataracts, gorges, etc., in all their wonderful natural colors. The picture of the Morning Glory Geyser, one of the grand- est displayed, showed this geyser in action, all the colors of the rainbow and many opalescent shades were blended together to make the thing one mass of beauty. Many other geysers were shown in all their wild and awe-inspiring beauty; and cataracts, mountain gorges, were described in eloquent tones and illustrated with pictures equally as beau- tiful as the Morning Glory. Mr. Taylor spoke of the beau- ties and said that many of them compared favorably with, and others excelled, those of the Alps and other foreign parks, where many of our tourists are journeying each year and neglecting to visit our own wonderful natural park, ''The Yellowstone." In describing his trip, Mr. Taylor said: The trip to Yellowstone is one of the most interesting on this continent. From the moment you enter Montana there is a constant series of surprises. We pass the reser- vation of the Flathead Indians, many of whom were with Sitting Bull on that awful day when Custer and his brave men lost their lives. At this pass of the Little Big Horn, Fort Custer is now located and it is safe to say that such a tragedy will never be repeated in that section. The journey by rail ends at Cinnebar, and here we are tumbled into the traditional mountain coach with its six horses and professional expert driver. In the old days these coach rides had to make a running fight with the Indians, but of late years there has been no trouble of this kind. The ride is largely up a steep grade by the banks of the Gardiner River, and it is a fine sight to see the water 58 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 come tumbling down three feet deep through rugged canyons. At Fort Yellowstone we com.mence the wonders of the park system. The ground becomes broken and now and then steam can be seen issuing from crevices between the rocks. It is said that a river of hot water flows underneath the ground at this point. The altitude reached now is TjOOO feet and there begins to be felt a difficulty in breath- ing, but one gets used to this in a short time. The sun shines with a peculiar brightness, so that colored glasses are quite necessary. Every moment of the day now became of interest. An extinct geyser with a cone fifty feet high was examined, and then came the famous hot spring terraces which extend a distance covering two hundred acres. The deposits from the mineral water are crystallized, and very beautiful, as they are in all the lines and tints of the rainbow. Little lakes are here and there and these are walled in with depos- its, which in the brilliancy of coloring rival alabaster or onyx. A stick dipped into this water soon becomes covered with a mineral deposit that is very beautiful. Guards are everywhere stationed to prevent tourists from breaking off stalacites to carry away as souvenirs. We usually sup- pose that hot water is a sterilizer and will kill all germs, but as a matter of fact the water in these hot springs is full of bacteria and vegetable growths. The water is extremely clear and the smallest object can be distinctly seen at a depth of twenty feet. After leaving the hot springs district we entered a deep and dark ravine where great boulders of golden-colored rock were piled up in endless confusion. A fine road leads through this ravine, and in many places the walls on each side are two hundred feet high. The electric mountains can easily be seen as we emerge from the ravine, and it is from here that many of the electric storms take their rise. After traveling a distance of some ten or a dozen miles we came to one of the greatest natural wonders of the park. This is the mountain of glass, known as Obsidian. At the 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 59 base of this enormous butte is a government road built of solid glass. There is nothing in the known world to com- pare with this unique road. Close by is a stream with a beaver's dam, and here we saw those graceful animals busily engaged in their ingenious work. And then we came to the Norris Basin. This was a horrible place and the hot ground quivered beneath our feet. Great vats of boiling water were around us, while the air was fairly stiffling from sulphur fumes. Dante's Inferno could furnish nothing more gruesome or suggestive than this place. This place is the beginning of the far-famed geysers, and it is supposed to be the result of water running against hot rocks in the earth below. This water is heated to a boiling point and by its expansive power forced to the surface, throwing torrents of mud and debris to great heights. The lower geyser basin is a charming valley, as there are many magnificent water- falls and cascades as well as some noble geysers. Then we passed on to Gibbon's Canyon and river of the same name, where every step presented some new marvel of grandeur or beauty. The falls at the Fire Hole are of especial interest as the water from beneath is hot, while that which comes tumbling down the falls is cold. Nature here seems to be trying to outdo herself in producing freaks. The ''Paint Pots," so-called, are great pots filled with muddy hot water which is continually changing its tints and colors. The Witch's Caldron is nothing when compared with this natural wonder. The bubbhng mud takes on all sorts of fantastic forms and many of these are exceedingly grotesque. The Fountain Geyser is one of the noblest in the park, but I may add that it is one of the most dangerous to approach. Close by is the geyser known by the profane name of ''Hell's Half Acre." You may judge of its char- acter by this title. This is the very heart of the geyser system, and one of the noblest here is the Excelsior, w^hich throws its waters into the air to a height of 150 feet in spurts every fifteen minutes. There is something very peculiar and almost uncanny about this exact regularity, 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY^ [1913-14 and I believe it has never been fully explained hy scientific men. At times great rocks are thrown from this geyser and hurled to a distance of five hundred feet. No one can ever tell when a new^ crevice wdll break in the earth in this vicinity. The spring known as ''The ^Morning Glory" is a mag- nificent effort of nature. It is a pool of water, only tw^enty feet wide, and which magnifies all objects by the silica held in solution. The Riverside and Grotto geysers are not far distant, and are unique affairs. Riverside throw^s a jet nearly one hundred feet into the air and discharges into the river. The Grotto has only four eruptions each twenty- four hours, but during that time the groans of the earth beneath your feet are something gruesome to hear. Of course you already know something about ''The Giant,'' even if you were never there. This is well named. It goes off only once in five or six days and then it is some- thing fearful. I reached there only a few hours before the time for its eruption and when the rumbling commenced was driven to the spot in a coach. We first heard a sort of whistling like a steam engine, and then came the water. It kept increasing in volume and force until it reached a height of two hundred and fifty feet, and this was kept up for a full hour and a half. It was a sight of grandeur that I shall never forget. It is quite impossible to describe or even name all the geysers as they are so numerous. After looking at one for a time we vvould vary the sight by looking at the cliffs and buttes. It is difficult to say which were the grandest, but of course the geysers are the most perplexing to geologists. The Giantess is a companion geyser to the Giant, wath a bowl-shaped crater sixty feet deep. The w^ater rises rapidly in this bowl after an eruption, and the noise can be heard for a long distance. Each geyser here has its own individual- ity and no two are alike in their peculiarities. Among all these wonder freaks of nature which impressed me w^as the geyser knowm as "Old Faithful." In beauty and 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 61 originality it is far ahead of all others in the park, as it is surrounded with an immense wall made up of stalagmites and silica crystals. Inside of this wall is a network of these calcareous deposits that resemble old point lace and are as delicate as the wings of a butterfly. When the eruption comes no warning is given, as is the case of all the others. There is a deathUke stillness for sixty-three minutes, and then comes a stream of water which is thrown in all direc- tions and wetting everything within radius. There are other geysers throwing to a greater height but none of them are so poetic and artistic in their settings. To reach the Continental Divide we made a climb of 1,600 feet, where we stood more than 8,000 feet above the sea. A bucket of water can be poured on a certain spot, and half of the contents will start for the Pacific Ocean and the other half for the Atlantic. Wonderful experiences these streams must have in their long life journeys to the sea! The Teton Mountains may be easily seen with their dizzy heights of snow 14,000 feet in the air. In fact, these mountains can be seen from all parts of the park and seem to be your constant companions. Then we came to the Yellow Lake, the highest sheet of water on the globe. It is a full mile and a half in the air as compared with Lewiston, and is noted for the purity of its water and abundance of fish. Here is another peculiar freak. On one bank is a boiling spring, and a fisherman can stand here, catch a trout, swing around and drop it into the hot water, where it will be cooked in a few minutes. All this can be done without moving from his tracks. One mile from this lake is the great natural bridge which spans a mighty canyon and creek at a height of forty feet above. The Mud Geyser is taken in on our descent from the lake. This is a weird affair, and by no stretch of the imagination can it be called beautiful. It is located on the side of a hill in a sort of cave and entirely isolated from all the basin geysers. It is continually vomiting out a black and pasty substance, but this is never thrown into the air. Just over 62 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 the crater hangs an immense rock and against this obstacle the contents are thrown with a heavy thud. The sight is both fascinating and loathsome. Now that I am speaking about the National Park I must not forget to say something about the petrified forests that abound in this region. I have told you of the silica solutions in most of the water, and this has a tendency to incrust and petrify all wooden objects. In some past age there has been a great overflow of water and this turned entire forests into stone. Many of these trees are five feet in diameter, and the curious part of the matter is that there are eleven layers of these trees, which show that as many different forests have stood on the same spot, and each in its turn been changed from wood into stone. To have accomplished this work must have taken many geological periods and eons of time. Great glaciers have once swept slowly over this region and from this ice drift boulders of immense size have been detached and left here and there. Here in these eternal hills has been written the record of many an awful convulsion in the dim ages of the past. It is in Yellowstone Park that the American bison has made his last stand. A goodly sized herd of these majestic animals are here cared for and protected by the government, and so accustomed have they become to seeing people that much of their wild nature is bred out of them. While they cannot be approached, they can often be seen at a short distance, and as you come near they begin to paw the ground, snort and then dash away. There are many other wild animals there, if it is permissible to call them such. When a grizzly bear will come around your shelter and sniff and snort all night, you can hardly call him wild. No one is permitted to frighten or injure any of these animals, and for this reason they become very tame. They know that they can do whatever they please as long as they do not attack tourists, and this they never do. As soon as it begins to grow dark you will see big cinnamons and grizzlies coming round and their sniffing can be heard all night. All 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 63 refuse food from the hotel is given them, and this they never fail to take and consume. I saw as many as eight of these big bears around our camp at one time and close by was a covv quietly feeding, while a dog and a small flock of hens were also there. It was a sort of happy family. Deer and elk are very numerous and can be seen feeding by the road- side nearly any time. They pay but little attention to anyone and can only be driven away by loud shouting. Of course I was in the park during the summer season, when all nature is in her kindest mood; but I was told that the winters are something frightful. In the ravines the snow at times accumulates to a depth of five hundred feet, and while this seems incredible, it is a common occurrence. When this volume of snow melts in the early summer the geysers are played with much more vigor and force. The temperature in winter frequently runs more than forty degrees below zero, and this makes the steam rise much higher. That from Old Faithful'' at times goes fully 2,000 feet into the air. As yet I have not spoken of the great climax of the park. This is the great cataract of the Yellowstone River which is approached along the rapids of the Upper Falls. The water here leaps to the right and left, rushing with tre- mendous violence for a long distance and then dashes over the falls with a perpendicular leap of more than 140 feet. The water strikes a shelv^ing rock formation at the bottom and then dashes off like a frightened animal into the Grand Canyon, which opens its yawning mouth just below. This awful chasm is one of the most wonderful pieces of the handiwork of God. Language fails to describe these mighty and dashing torrents. They must be seen to be fully understood and appreciated. I have seen canyons before and 1 have seen them since, but nothing like these in the Yellowstone. To attempt even a description seems almost like sacrilege, as it seems to be a meeting of the finite and infinite. The sight is too sublime for words, as here we have beauty, grandeur, sublimity and horror all combined 64 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 to inspire feelings of delight, wonder, awe and terror. The thinking man will here see in these towering walls and roaring cascades, in the depth of the gorge and the grandeur of the cataract, the power of the Almighty as he never before realized. The artist will see colors brighter than any pig- ment ever mixed by human hand, and here the geologist may muse upon the eons required to carve out these stupendous chasms. The average traveler is impressed with awe and silence, though he ma}^ care nothing about the mj'steries of their creation. As I looked upon this matchless scene I was overwhelmed with the idea of God's power. Like Moses, hiding in the cleft of the rock, I seemed to see the majesty of the Almighty marching past and was filled with awe and amazement. The rainbow colors were constantly changing under every shifting of light and their splendors quivered in perpetual transformation. Splashing with gorgeous tints and blazing from cliff to crag, the waters dashed madly on. It seemed as if the most glorious of sunsets had been caught and imprisoned in that awful gorge. This is Yellow- stone Canyon as I saw it on a beautiful summer day. The Lower Falls of the Yellowstone are not as grand, but none can be more beautiful. They have a majesty that is all their own, and here the river again takes its flight between great pinnacled walls of sculptured rock. The water makes a final leap of three hundred feet and is dashed into a fine spray on the rocks below\ As it strikes the base it becomes a spray, unbroken, compact, shining mass of silvery sheen. With the assistance of a guide and a rope I reached the base of the cataract, and other members of the party standing above waving their handkerchiefs looked like pigmies in the distance. I have seen Niagara at its best, but the torrent seemed like a pigmy when compared with this fall of three hundred feet. I lingered long and lovingly around this awe-inspiring scene, and then I bade a kind goodbye to the great National Park of the Yellowstone. The story is finished, but it does not tell the entire tale. No man can do that. No artist can paint the vision of a 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 65 dream, and no writer can fittingly describe the glories of these turreted walls entombed in a sepulchre of mosaics whose depths glow in living colors. No two sunsets are alike, and the canvas of to-day cannot be the canvas of to-morrow's brush. The gorgeous vision of the Yellowstone cannot be appreciated until God has been apprehended. Miss Margaret Bolles entertained a large audience with an interesting lecture on Dalmatia, at the fifth winter meeting of the Worcester Horticultural Society in Horti- cultural Hall, the afternoon of February 6th. Miss Bolles, with her father. Professor Bolles, of Tufts College, went on a pleasure trip to Dalmatia and other places of interest in Turkey, and she described the life of the people of these countries and the country as seen by them. The talk was illustrated with colored views made from photographs taken by the speaker and her party. The society plans each year to have a Ladies' Day on the programme of winter meetings, and Mrs. Edward W. Breed, wife of the president of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, presided at the meeting. The speaker, introduced by Mr. Breed, was dressed in the native holiday costume of the Dalmatian women, which consists of a bright-colored skirt, pale blue broadcloth jacket with black velvet sleeves, and was heavily trimmed with gold braid. Her blouse was fashioned of white china silk trimmed with Bulgarian braid, and she wore a little cap like the one worn by the unmarried women of Dalmatia. This cap differs from the cap worn by the married women, which has a long veil pinned on the back. Her shoes were made of twine. She was decorated with a large beaded belt on which was hung a large, curious knife, like the one carried by the Dalmatian women; on her forefinger was a ring which is worn for the wedding ring. It is made of metal and was set with seven colored stones. In her ears she wore large hoop ear rings. The fashions in this country are the same for rich and poor, although the 66 WORCESTER COUXTi' HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 quality of the materials which the wealthy class wear is of a richer grade. Miss Bolles said: xMthough we were repeatedly told that traveling in Dal- matia and Turkey was wretched and the country infested with mosquitoes, we found ideal weather, beautiful moun- tains, the fields radiant with verdure, the views admirable, and the roads equal to the best park roads in our large cities. Traveling was a pleasure, although we traveled in July. We crossed at Venice, took a steamer at Trieste and sailed up along the coast. This is the only way we could travel as there are no railways in the country, except a little line in Ragusa. We had all the comforts of our x\merican steam- ers on these Austrian boats, and the people with few excep- tions, these being in gaudy clothes, were similar to the New Englanders. This first picture is a map of the coast of Austria, and with it I will describe the location of Dalmatia. Covering an area of a little over 5,000 miles, Dalmatia forms the north- west fringe of the Balkan peninsula, and consists of a coast deeply indented with bays and fords, the entrances to which are guarded by innumerable islands and reefs, while the mainland is a mountainous region, culminating in the Velebit ^Mountains. The west side is washed by the Adri- atic, the Sino xVdriatico of mariners which from time imme- morial has been the highway of traffic between east and west. Dalmatia, anciently an independent kingdom, was subju- gated by the Romans under Augustus and annexed to the province of Illyricum afterward occupied by the Goths, and in 590 occupied by the Avars, and in 620 it came in posses- sion of the Slavs, whose state was broken up at the end of the eleventh century. Part of the land was then conquered by the Hungarians in 1102, while the remainder, the later duchy of Dalmatia, place I itself under the protection of the republic of Venice from which part of it was afterward wrested by the Turks. By the peace of Karlowitz (1699), and by that of Passarowitz (1718), the present Dalmatia with the exception of the republic Ragusa (which was de- 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 67 prived of its independence by the French in 1806), was secured to Venice by the peace of Campo Fornio in 1797, it became Austrian in 1805, it was attached to the kingdom of Italy in 1810. The country was tossed like a shuttlecock between many nations and overrun by barbarians, but since Austria has acquired it she has guarded it with jealous care. The population of Dalmatia, which numbers about 524,000, is chiefly of the Servian Croatian race; in the north it is purely Croatian, in the south entirely Servian, and in the towns partly Italian. Zara, in particular, is almost entirely Italian, but everywhere the National or Slav is gradually ousting the Italian. The Croatians are mainly Roman Catholics, and the Servians, Greek Catholic. The people are remarkable for their stature, and picturesque clothing. The semi-barbarous peasants, now engaged in the manufacture of wines which are exported to Germany and France, are gradually settling down as peaceable • colonists and beginning to learn to read and write. Dal- matia has been called sterile and unsuitable for agriculture, and has been scarcely able to support its population. Al- though vines and olives abound, the country has been neglected and its value has remained unknown, probably on account of the barbarity and predatory habits of the natives. Of late years the natives have improved, but the country, like most limestone regions, is still in great part destitute of vegetation. As the heavy rains are apt to sweep away the best soil, the inhabitants have great difficulty in cultivating the mountain slopes, where they frequently grow vines, figs, olives and almonds in carefully built ter- races. They lately have taken to cultivating the pyrethrum cinerariae folium and the chrysanthemum turraneum, from the blossoms of which they prepare the Dalmatian insect powder. The next picture shows Pola, an important Austrian naval station. Our next visit was to Zara, the capital of Dalmatia, which was an important city in Roman and Venetian times. It 68 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 has about 30,000 inhabitants, and is of thoroughly Italian character. Old Zara and New Zara are both shown. The Lion of St. Mark guards the town, and this is a town in which you have to walk, as there are never any public con- veyances at the docks. Zara lies picturesquely on the penin- sula stretching from southeast to northwest. It is a busy, lively place, to which the costumes of the Molacks impart an interesting air of variety. Here the peasants are seen in brilliant and picturesque gowns. The white blouse is elabor- ately embroidered in bright wool yarns, and all the women wear large beaded belts. Both men and unmarried women wear a little cap held on with a tassel. The women sit in the marketplace with large baskets of fruit and flowers spread about them. Cherries grow in abundance, and some of the finest maraschino cordial is made there. New Zara is modern in structure and has a row of modern buildings on one side, and on the east side of the town is a sea wall and a roomy harbor with landing place opposite the town. On the west side of the town on the side of the ramparts runs a new quay, Riva Noua, which affords a delightful walk, especially in the evening. One interesting old church, the ancient church of St. Donato, still stands as a monu- ment to Donitius 3d, was visited by our party and also a neighborhood museum which contains the ancient church of St. Donato, erected in the ninth century on the founda- tions and partly with materials of a Roman temple, the base of which has been brought to light. The church is an octago- nal building in two stories, each with six pillars and a tribuna and two apses toward the west, and is now used as a museum. To the left of the first pillar is an inscription which has led to the belief that the temple was dedicated to Juno Augustus, consort of Emperor Augustus. The fragments placed here were excavated by Prof. A. Hauser, of Vienna, and the upper story contains relics of the Chris- tian period. In the Piazza Marina on the left is the Roman- esque church of Grisofono of the thirteenth century, with modernized interior. The Via Saint Barbara goes on hence 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 69 to the Via Larga, which under various names intersects the whole town from north to south, for foot passengers only. Following it to the left we reached the piazza Deisignori in which, facing us, is the Loggia, formerly a court of justice, with the Paravia Library. To the left are the clock tower and the Municipio, further on to the left is the church of St. Simeon containing the Area of the Saints, cast at Venice in 1647, with the metal of the Turkish cannon plated with silver and drawn by two angels in bronze. Other points of interest are: To the east the Piazza Fedella Colonna, on the left side of which rises a fine antique Corinthian column, and on the right the massive tower of Buovo d'Antona. At the north end of the town is the Theatre and the church of Saint Francesco, containing fine choir stalls, and in the west of the River Nouva, and the Cathedral St. Anastatia, a basilica in the Lombard style, built by Enrico Dandolo after the storming of the town by the Spaniards and the French at the beginning of the Fourth Crusade. On the north side of the Piazza Delia Erbb rises another Corinthian column, crowned with the lion of St. Mark. This column was once used as a pillory. The lion stands with a book in his mouth and there is an old legend connected with the lion and book which says that when the book is open, it is a synonym of peace, and when closed, the country is ready for war or all ready for war. The cathedrals of Zara resem- ble the Lombard churches of Italy. We rode into the mountain districts, on a sightseeing trip, in a carriage which was a ruin of Roman antiquity, and although we rode slowly it was very uncomfortable, and we decided to walk home rather than endure its torture. Nona is an important city of the Roman colony, with endless signs of prosperity lying all around. In this town is one of the smallest cathedrals in the world, which was built in the ninth century. In this Croatian kings were crowned. The place is partly ruined, the interior has been dismantled and the walls are bare. 70 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 The scenery in Ragusa is beautiful and the vegetation luxuriant. Oleanders, myrtles, pomegranates, agaves and the cistus were in bloom on either side of the road, and their gorgeous bloom of pink, yellow and red added a touch of color to the green fields. This town is progressive. It gained its independence in the fifteenth century, abolished slavery soon afterward, has public schools, and has pure water installed from the hills. The people are a half eastern and a half western mixture life. The country has had to deal with numerous conflagrations and volcanic eruptions, but has risen every time from its ruins. It has one broad street running through the town, and the buildings date back to the seventeenth century. The streets, when we visited, were gay with people dressed in holiday attire, who had come from the surrounding towns to take part in the spring festival. Each locality has a different type of dress, and the street presented a gala appearance with the many bright costumes worn by the visitors. The children o^ Ragusa dress in the same fashions as the mothers. Every body carries a carpet bag. The shops hold priceless treas- ures of the East, silk rugs, etc. The next picture shows a couple of girls who objected to having their pictures taken, because they had relatives in America whom they were afraid might see them. They finally consented, however, after having been assured that they would not be seen. Another picture showed native girls in hobble skirts and many of the girls are quite up-to- date in their dress. An interesting picture is of a Dominican Monastery, placed at the opposite gates of the city to defend the entrance against the enemies. While these monks who occupied the monastery passed most of the time tilling the ground and in agricultuial pursuits, they were always ready in time of war to defend the city against any invaders who tres- passed. Richard the Lionhearted, who was shipwrecked on this island, built a cathedral which still stands. Another 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 71 interesting and curious landmark is an old windmill with a massive water wheel. While in this valley we came upon a group of people, who, when they heard we were from America, were very anxious to hear word from their relatives, about forty of whom, they said, lived in Boston. They thought it quite strange that we did not know any of them. The next picture shows Sparto, which is largely built in the castle of Diocletian. When he abdicated his throne, he built an enormous castle large enough to enclose the Roman camp. At the present time over four hundred people are living inside this castle. At the entrance to this castle is a golden gate in an excellent state of preservation. Some of the cathedrals are now put to many useful purposes, and at Salona we came upon a cathedral which has been converted into a tailorshop, and it is run by Hebrew tailors. The streets of Salona are narrow and dark, but are bright- ened somewhat by heaps of vegetables — bright-colored cab- bages, beets, carrots, etc., — sold by the women. In 59 B. C, Julius Caesar made Salona his capital. Seven mag- nificent castles were built by him. We drove through the city and into the mountains and it was a lovely, pleasant drive. The skies were opalescent, and on each side of the road scarlet pomegranates grew in profusion. We passed many peasants on the roadside and got a good idea of their mode of dress. Capita, a city in southern Dalmatia, is seen in the next picture. On the right are Austrian forts, which are protected by the Austrian government, and photographs are forbidden. Another interesting and perilous journey which we enjoyed was a trip through the Black Mountains. We got a wonderful view of the adjacent country, and while the ascent was difficult and the way perilous, we felt well repaid at the end of the journey. Montenegro goats were seen running over the mountains, and we passed long lines of freight wagons carrying supplies to Montenegro. All the supplies are carried into Montenegro in this way, and the 72 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 price for necessaries is tremendous. Animal crackers, which sell for a small sum here, are seventy-five cents a pound there. We were impressed with the politeness of the peasants, whom we found to be more friendly than the Dalmatians. The wild flowers of this country are very beautiful, and grow in abundance. The men, many of whom were dressed in the bright-colored uniform of the soldier, are strikingly handsome and intelligent looking, and are easily carried away by the glamour of fine clothes. The Montenegrin women do most of the hard work and soon lose their beauty. They carry a large cask of water on their back, and another pail of water on their head, and although the task looked too laborious for a man to attempt, the women seemed to carry it up the hill with little exertion. The women are treated with great respect, and any woman, whether ugly or hand- some, can travel alone in any part of the country without meeting with any disrespect. Most of the mountain homes consist of two rooms, one for the family, and the other for the animals. Farming seems hopeless. There are so many stones that a Montenegrin farmer would hail a stony New Hampshire farm with rapture. King Nicholas of Monte- negro is an interesting man. When once asked what his best export was he promptly answered, his daughter Helen, who became Queen of Italy. We visited the tree under which he holds open court, surrounded by a few of his suite. He is well liked by all his subjects, many of whom he knows personally, and is often seen among them. If they wish to present a grievance they always approach him directly, and he is always willing to hear their case. All the soldiers wear brilliant costumes, and take great pride in their appearance. Many of the people are wretchedly poor, and can only have meat on special occasions, or holidays, like Christmas and Easter. Many people wonder at their endurance, and are astounded how a small nation situated in the hills, with no means of transportation of imports except freight wagons 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 73 drawn by horses, could hold their independence for years, as the sturdy Montenegrins have done. We visited in Turkey and found a marked difference between the women of that country, and her sisters of Dal- matia, and Montenegro, Bulgaria and Servia. The Turkish women are at all times obliged to wear a hideous, black mantle with a veil which projects seven inches from the band. Some of the younger women are showing more independence and are not the meek, willing slaves of the harem that their sisters were in the days gone by. Since the American missionaries and school teachers have entered Turkey, there is a difference in their lives. Of course some of the more timid ones are afraid to throw off the yoke of the harem, but we hope the time will soon come when she will assert her independence like her sister women of the mountains. We visited one of the grand cafes and listened to Hungarian music played by a gypsy band. The musicians were all dressed in gala suits, with bright red jackets and gay turbans. The glare of colors, bright lights and the music all made a gala picture. Here we found assembled all classes of people: Turks, priests, soldiers, all classes of men were sitting at the tables, enjoying the music played by the Hungarian band. In many places in Turkey we found American ways and customs in full sway, and were glad to note that the Crescent has faded and the Cross has won. Mr. G. A. Parker, superintendent of the Public Parks, Hartford, Conn., was the speaker at the winter meeting of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in Horti- cultural Hall, the afternoon of February 13th. Mr. Parker was introduced by Mr. E. W. Breed, president of the society, and his subject was ''Recreation as a Munici- pal Function." In describing the success of undirected play in the parks and playgrounds of Hartford, Mr. Parker said: The city of Hartford is known as a progressive city and has a population of 100,000. In order to measure the work 74 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 of a city it is necessary to use statistics. Hartford has 37,000 working people in all professions and trades, who earn $25,000,000 yearly, and she spends $32,000,000, which is $7,000,000 more than her people earn, which shows that she is a wealthy city. We have found that the cost to the city of Hartford to furnish recreation in the public parks and playgrounds for a child is $5.00 per year, and for an adult $12.00 per year, and the result obtained from this expenditure is very great. It costs the city $400 a year to maintain a boy in an asylum or the reform school, and only $40 in a high school. The boy is governed by environment and is not naturally criminal, and the city is responsible for the welfare of the boy as its future citizen. Recreation, to reach the city as a unit, should be carried on by the municipality. If carried on by the schools, churches or social societies it does not reach the city as a whole. The child from the poorer districts would come to a church or a social playground poorly clad, covered with dirt, lice, etc., and immediately the other children would turn away from him. We have remedied this by establish- ing a playground in each community. In the open play- ground each child has an equal chance. We found a remedy for this uncleanhness. In one playground where the chil- dren were especially dirty we tried a scheme which worked admirably. A mother whose child was always neglected and dirty was arrested and fined $5.00, and the result was amazing. Nearly every child appeared with a clean face the next morning. Two years ago the park commissioners appropriated $2,500 to experiment with the playgrounds. The play was wholly undirected, but the result was surprising. All the dark back yards were empty, and the children flocked to the playgrounds during the day, and at night the older children used them. The whole neighborhood would come out, and it was like a family gathering. School directed play is necessary for child life until the 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 75 age of twelve years. There are three periods in a human being's life before he reaches manhood. The first is from his birth until the age of two years when he first learns to walk and depend upon himself. The second period, the most promising of childhood, when they acquire the little nobilities which count so much in after life, is at twelve years. Up to this age they accept everything that is told them, but at the age of fifteen or sixteen they want to beheve nothing that is told them. This is the irregular age and wild life and many do not settle down until in the early twenties, and then they are ready to becom.e the man or woman. At this age, religion comes to them and they accept the things of life because they have learned to believe them. The city has a right to direct its children's lives until they become of age and a part of the city. The city is the only agency to take charge of the playgroands and carry the child through these ages, until he becomes a desirable citizen and not a detriment to the community. A large part of the work may be made self-sustaining, and it even seems possible for a department to take care of itself. The Hartford Park System contains 13,000 acres, with a park frontier of twenty-one acres. We have the monopoly on recreation if we choose to assert it, and any private party could not compete with us. Three years ago we started refectory work. We charged just enough to pay for the ma- terials used and for the service, and at the end we were $1,200 ahead. We found that the profits came from the exemption of taxes and not having to pay rent. At our skating fold we charged for checking and for lockers, and sold hot chocolate and frankfurters, and the profit has paid for heating the room, and nearly for the clearing of the ponds. To keep the children interested we are continually chang- ing the apparatus and moving it from one playground to another. Children will soon tire of the same apparatus and we have an express wagon shifting the apparatus all the time. We find that the children in the undirected play- 76 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 grounds take care of themselves, if the playgrounds are properly distributed over the city and are not too crowded. We put the children on their honor and as a result nothing is lost. The only instance where a piece of apparatus dis- appeared from the playgrounds was when a young boy ran home with one of the tin spoons used in the sand piles. We take particular care of the playgrounds, and as soon as we detect a piece of apparatus out of order, it is immediately repaired. We have found that if we neglect a thing it imme- diately invites destruction, but with this spirit of orderliness always kept up, the idea is carried on by the children. The growing forces are occupation, study and play. Occupation gives shelter and food and clothes. The civic forces give social life and means for transportation, but there is still a want of recreation. Recreation takes in more than play. It not only provides for those growing, under twenty-one, but it also provides for the older people. In the young, recreation is a question of the development of the muscles, for exercise. With the grown it is different. With them recreation means retaining or restoring the elasticity of the muscles. Nearly all of the muscles have periods of rest. To give an example: The heart rests one- third of the time, and duiing this rest it recovers so that its elasticity is at all times maintained. The average person has five hours of leisure time in twenty-four. Of these five it seems reasonable that we spend one-fifth of the time in the parks. In our city, with its population of 100,000 people, 100,000 hours would be spent in the parks. During the first year of our experiment 50,000 people visited and took part in the play in the parks. There was an increase of forty per cent, the second year, sixty-five per cent, the third year, and we are looking for a bigger increase this year, and we will not be contented until we have people passing 20,000,000 hours in the parks. We find that the inducement for the children and grown-ups is the preparations we have made for them. We know that, whatever the boy does in his leisure hours has an effect on 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 77 his future life. If he chooses to use them in a better way, he will become a desirable citizen and a better individual, and the city becomes better off. The cost of recreation in the parks, per individual, is only two cents an hour. It is up to the city to act as a physician and return abnormal conditions to normal conditions. As soon as the city produces normal conditions the abnormal conditions disappear. We got amazing results from estab- lishing parks and playgrounds in courts and back yards. After putting in swings, etc., we found the yards, which before had been neglected and dirty, were kept clean, and the result on the children was amazing. The evil which took place in many of the unkept back yards was done away with. These back yards were empty and many of the children flocked to the new playgrounds. Our undirected playgrounds have been a great success. In one park, where we had a programme of play arranged for a special observance of a hohday, the children were seen jumping with joy after the directors had gone and were heard to say, *'Now they are gone, we can have some real play." Mr. Parker then read an extract from a report of the New York Censor Bureau for Moving Pictures, which tells of the success of undirected play and recreation in New York. After the lecture the audience was given an opportunity for questions, which were answered by Mr. Parker. Mr. Colton, of the Fitchburg playgrounds, said he did not agree with Mr. Parker in regard to undirected play. He said it had been tried in Fitchburg with the result that in seven playgrounds, with a small amount of apparatus, where the playgrounds were fenced in with a wooden fence, the children who frequented the playgrounds cut down the fence and tore down the shelter and used it for firewood. He wondered if the children in Fitchburg were different from the children in Hartford. Mr. Parker answered that in Hartford they did have some trouble, at first, with the grown-ups damaging the property, and suggested that the 78 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 park commissioners in Fitchburg do as they did in Hartford. Just as soon as anything is out of order they immediately attend to it and repairs are kept up every day, and in this way order is impressed upon the child's mind. Fred A. Smith, a nurseryman of Ipswich, Conn., gave an interesting and instructive lecture on ''Young Orchards'' at the winter meeting of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society in Horticultural Hall, the afternoon of February 20th. Mr. Smith makes a study of apple culture and orchards, especially young orchards, and described his methods of caring for his orchards. The speaker was intioduced by Mr. Edward W. Breed; president of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, and called particular attention to the number of elements which have concentrated our attention to the culture of high grade apples. Mr. Smith spoke as follows: The New England Fruit Shows are offering valuable prizes for Eastern apples, and many of our agriculturists are making rapid progress in this culture, and are winning these prizes over Western apples. The Horticulturists and Agri- culturists are showing greater activities and are doing pop- ular advertising in newspapers and magazines, which reaches a larger number of people than ever before. Every day we read of somebody's success or failure. The State Board of Agriculture is giving prizes for apples, and this is encouraging many of the nurserymen, who do busi- ness on a small scale, to compete vvith the larger houses and produce high grade apples. There is great activity in the advertising field, the individual and commercial growers and tradespeople are advertising extensively, and we get much valuable information from it. The orchard work is a serious subject. If we make a poor start in an orchard venture, it will be a failure. There is great enjoyment in planning an orchard, and people who consider orchard raising seriously for two years before they undertake the work make a success of it. We should 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 79 approach the question from all points of view, talk over plans, visit and study neighboring orchards, study the soil and location. Never rush into the business before carefully considering the capital you have to invest, and I would always urge one to go slowly and follow closely every detail. First consider the old question of soil and drainage. Any good, common land will do, as the question of land is not as serious as it is credited. The United States government has been making a close study of the land question and is able to give us a variety of soil. In some places light soil has its advantages, and in other places, heavy soil. We should give careful consideration to drainage, and the next thing is location. I, personally, would avoid extremes and would not select a climate too far north nor a low land too near the water. The exposure has not a great deal to do with the success of apple culture. I am in favor of a gentle eastern or northeastern slope, as an orchard located on such a site suffers less in both soil and tree from the effects of heat and drought, and an orchard with such an exposure will maintain its longevity better than if exposed to the west or southwest. If possible, the orchard should be ele- vated above its immediate surroundings, thus giving a free circulation of air, while such an elevation will also be a great aid in guarding against late spring frosts, which prove fatal to young fruit at blossoming time. All orchards should be thoroughly surface drained and under drained. No orchard can endure for a great length of time with stagnant water either on the surface or within the soil. In some orchards a northern slope is desirable, and in others a southern or eastern exposure. With a southern exposure the apples are apt to ripen earlier, but the apple is an adaptable fruit and will adapt itself to any exposure. We would question if we would get better results from high-priced land, and I would not advise buying high-priced land for apple culture. I would question if you would be able to tell that some of the apples raised on high-priced Western land are superior to some of those raised on $25 80 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 Connecticut land. In Connecticut we use low-priced land and get good results. Our experience has been on moderate- priced land, with a huckleberry and sheep soil, and we have been able to get fine satisfaction from $30 land, with a moderate clearing cost. The best time to clear the land of stones and bowlders is in the early fall, and then sow buck- wheat or rye, using it in this way for one or two years. If dynamite is used in clearing, it should always be in the fall, a year before planting, so that the land will have a chance to recover from its effects before planting of the trees. Too much attention cannot be given to getting the rows straight in laying out an orchard. There are two general orchard systems being used: The Square System, in which the trees are planted at the corners of a square, of whatever length of side is decided shall be the distance between the trees; the other, the Hexagonal, in which the trees are planted at the points of an equilateral triangle, the length of whose sides is the desired distance between the trees. I would recommend the latter system as the better for the more economical use of the land. Double planting, or the plant- ing of trees known as fillers, can be followed in either system. Mr. Smith illustrated with a chart the proper distance and planning of the permanent, semi-permanent, and filler trees. In describing the planting of these trees, he said: The permanent trees are those to remain in the orchard permanently and which are planted forty feet apart. Semi- permanents, trees of varieties which are to come into bearing a little earlier than the permanent, and are to be planted in the centre of each square made by four permanent trees. These are allowed to remain until the permanent trees require the spaces. Filler trees, preferably of varieties which come into bearing very early, and are to be planted in the centre of each side of the square made by four permanent trees. Naturally the fillers will be removed first. Just when they should be removed depends upon the treatment the orchard receives, and the habits of the variety. As they begin to touch the permanents they should be 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 81 pruned back so as not to interfere in any way with the perfect development of the permanent tree. A few years of such pruning will leave the fillers in such shape that the owner will be glad to remove them entirely. There is a strong argument as to which are the best fillers — Wealthy, Yellow Transparent and the Duchess are quick growers and will fruit early. For semi-fillers, the Red Estabrook, Mack- intosh and Sutton are used. We got good results from dwarf trees which we planted as an experiment on light, gravelly soil. To stake out an orchard after the Hexagonal System requires the services of three persons. First a stake is placed at the end of the longest outside row. The stake should be not less than fifteen feet from the line fence. A second stake is driven at the proper point for the end of this row. With these two stakes as guides, the intervening stakes are placed every twenty feet. At one of the stakes in this row, preferably where the field is widest, a line is established at right angles to this original row. By driving a stake at the farther end of this line for a guide, the stakes in this line can be placed at the proper distance apart. The work of planting is made comparatively easy by the opening of a furrow with a plow for the rows and cross checking to indi- cate the points to set the trees. When planting the whip, cut back the top to a point where the future head is to be formed, smooth off the ends of all bruised and broken roots, then set at the point in the row indicated by the cross check, straighten the roots out into a natural position, fill in among the roots with loam taken from the top soil, prop the tree firmly and cover it. It is best to set the trees a little deeper than in the nursery, and leaning slightly to the south or southwest, to brace them against wind. The old rule to buy of your oldest local nurseryman is a good one, but at the same time, if he doesn't grow all the varieties you desire for your orchard, get them from a dis- tance. Trees from Western states or New York state soil will adapt themselves to this soil all right. 82 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 When contemplating a purchase of whips visit the nursery often before buying, and watch the growtli which the young tree has made in the last t\vo years. If the nurseryman has a large stock to work on at a moderate cost, get as fine a selection as it is possible to get. Plant in the fall, if possible, and select whips from one to two years' growth. The most satisfactory tree is a two-year-old and if well started in the nursery it will show a vigorous and hardy growth. At the present time, while you are thinking of planting, find the types of apple trees you wish to grow. There are a number of strong growing varieties to select stock from. Northern Spy, Tolman Sweet, and Benn Stark are all selected stock. Many long to fall away from Baldwins. A personal preference plays an important part. For a wet soil I would recommend a strong growing variety such as Gravenstein, Mackintosh, etc.; but the variety which appeals to you is the one to begin with. It is always best to study the sections of j^our farm before planting, and in that w^ay run no risk of a serious fundamental loss. Study the varieties which are marketable in your section, and adapt the varieties to the markets you are seeking. It is foolhardy to supply Baldwins where there is a market for Rhode Island Greenings. New York is a good market for Rhode Island Greenings, and they are bringing more money than Baldwins. Boston is an unsatisfactory market for Hubbardstons, while Philadelphia is a good market for this variety. Rhode Island Greenings should be planted in quantities in New York as the demand there for them is large. We are inclined to neglect budding. The main requisite for success in budding is a healthy growing condition of the stock on which the work is to be done, and a certain state of maturity of the buds. The best time for grafting buds is in August, as the best buds, from which you will want to select your stock, are ready at this time. A great deal depends on whether you get a strong or a weak growth at the beginning. A weak growth is a serious check and if 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 83 we are awkward about grafting and budding we will only- get returns years hence. Another serious matter is the treatment of the stock after it is received from the nursery. When a shipment of whips comes in from a Western nursery, take particular care that the roots are kept moist. Get the whole shipment to a pond of water if possible and bury the trees for twenty- four to forty-eight hours, and they will be in fresh condition for planting. The time to plant apple trees in western Massachusetts is in the fall, for apples and pears, not for peaches. In planting 3,000 trees in the fall, before a severe winter, we lost less than one and one-half per cent. Don't practice pruning in the fall, begin in the spring. The fall is a better time for planting; as the soil is in better condition, better for plowing and we have more time for cleaning up. We are likely to be crowded with work in the spring and have less time to attend to planting; for that and many other reasons the fall is the best or more desirable time for planting. We pruned heavily when we planted, and the result was we grew barrels of fruit rather than cords of wood. There are a number of arguments as to which is better, low headed or high headed trees. For quick results we cultivated low headed trees. For modern practice we are heading for low headed trees. In the older orchards, those seventy and one hundred years old, the trees are nearly all high headed, and the expense of gathering the fruit is high. We can pick our apples from the low headed trees, from the ground and with less danger, and save time and expense. Rhode Island Greenings and Gravenstein apple trees need more trunk room than other varieties and should be planted accordingly. In regard to cultivation: The cover crop is as essential as spraying and pruning. Under extensive cultivation we can get all the fertilization necessary up to the bearing age, and we do practice feeding the cover crop to some extent. We sov^^ed rye, oats and buckwheat for the first five years, 84 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 and with the weeds which grew we got a good cover crop. In July and August the expenditure of two or three dollars in good fertilizer will be well repaid in an active cover crop. Another satisfactory investment is the feeding of the cover crop through cultivation. With energy and a limited capital, and tw^enty-five acres of land, you can accomplish a great deal in apple culture. We raised enough small fruit by using strawberries, raspberries, etc., for fillers, to pay the expenses of cultivation while the young apple trees were growing. An orchardist should never be a pessimist, he should be cheerful and meet all conditions cheerfully. It will not do to operate an orchard at a long range. Men from the North are trying to run orchards in the South, and wonder why their ventures do not meet with success. An orchard man must be able to master all details, so that he will be able to shape the course of his help at all times. The cause of a number of failures, among men who take up as a pleasure, is their lack of putting hard work in it. The orchard is situated on his country home and work is taken up as a recreation and a pleasure. He operates his orchard on a long range, as he is in the city a good part of the time, busy with business, stocks, etc.; reads a number of magazine articles but does not follow out any regular course of instruc- tion. He trusts to his employees, who do not understand the proper treatment which the different pests and diseases which attack his orchards need, and his orchard is simply starving for the want of scientific care. Thorough spraying should be in play from the very start. Scale is one of the worst pests to fight and must be treated accordingly. Lime and sulphur spray will kill this germ if put on at the right time. Others have a tendency to over- plant. An orchard grower should consider for forty-five days before attempting to grow. There are many bright sides to orcharding. It is the most satisfactory line in agriculture, and choice fruit is the fine art of agriculture. Mr. Everett Brown, Pomfret, Conn., spoke on ''Old Orchards," at the eighth winter meeting of the Worcester 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 85 County Horticultural Society, in Horticultural Hall, the afternoon of February 27th. Mr. Brown described his methods of renovating old orchards, and caring for them, and that his methods were successful were fully demonstrated by some apples which he exhibited. He displayed a basket of brilHantly colored apples, the delicious odor from which permeated the hall, and those who had the good fortune to taste them said that the flavor even surpassed the odor. Mr. Brown was introduced by Mr. Edward W. Breed, President of the Society, and said: It is with great pleasure that I come to Worcester to talk to the members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. The people of Connecticut have always looked to the people of Massachusetts for general education in all matters as \vell as in horticulture. We have had help from the Wor- cester County Horticultural Society a number of times. Your late President, Mr. 0. B. Hadwen, often visited Connecticut and was always a welcome guest, especially among the horticulturists. I received from him new grafters which have produced some of the finest apples in my orchard. A part of my orchard was planted by a Mr. Pinero, from Worcester, and I have also had other pleasant associations with Worcester people. One of the enjoyable features of the life of the horticul- turist is the pleasure one finds in the visits to the different greenhouses and farms, and discussing the different varieties of flowers and fruits. It is in the same spirit that I come to you to-day. If we can talk the subject of old orchards over, and you will break in at any time and ask questions and in that way learn something, I will be glad to answer any questions, which will in any way help you. I can always get something out of a discussion, perhaps you can do the same. The human race is always hankering after apples. No doubt this was started by grandmother Eve, when she 86 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 first made a raid on some choice fruit, which the head Gardener had marked ''hands off." Eve brought it home and gave some of it to Adam. Perhaps if Adam had got it first he would have eaten it all and not shared it with Eve. This is where we find the first mention of the apple, and of the sentence ''Man shall earn his bread by the sweat of his brow." To get apples that will satisfy the inner as well as the outer man, we must put in some good hard work. I have found at different fruit shows an interest in orchards. A great many people are becoming aware of the possibili- ties of orcharding, and a question most frequently asked is, ''Is there any money in orcharding?" In reply I would say that a great deal depends on how a party takes hold of the substance. The principal cause of so much poor fruit is that the farmers haven't studied the business. Some of them think that by reading up beautifully worded literature about trees, etc., that all they have to do is to plant the tree and it will grow while we are asleep. Trees work while we sleep. There is poetry in apple growing but there is also hard work. When I visit a fruit growers' convention to listen to a discussion, I am dressed in a boiled shirt and look pretty, but when I get home, I have to get on a pair of overalls and my wife says I look worse than any tramp you ever saw. There is no poetry in the spray wagon, which is a most important item in the apple business. I feel it my duty to call attention to the good soil of Massachusetts. We have a better combination of soil and market in New England, than in any place in the world. We can grow apples superior to Western apples, and as apples have a larger cash value and wear longer than any other fruit, it pays to put true and good work into the culture. The strawberries come early in the summer, and are followed by raspberries and other fruit, each one lasting only a short time; but at first we have early apples, then summer apples and so on right through the winter, and the enjoyment of the fruit is left with us right through the season. 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 87 Twelve years ago I took charge of this apple orchard and have since worked three tracts of apples in all tracts; one orchard fifty years old, one seventy-five, and one, one hundred years old. The place was owned by a country carpenter, who used it for a home and took no consistent care of the orchards. He mowed the grass and did not leave any material for the trees to feed on, and it was simply a question of starvation. The apple tree has so much vitality that it will live for years without feeding. This man kept apples just as a great many people keep hens, to give eggs to the neighbors, etc. They do not realize the value of the fruit as an every- day food. These particular orchards had been neglected so long that there was no evidence that the trees had ever been grafted. The upper trees were a mass of wood and there was no chance for the light and air. We started to prune the trees first, cut out the dead wood, and remove all the poorer limbs, leaving the better ones for the future tree. Water sprouts had developed into large limbs, and crossed over the other limbs and these were seriously injured. One thing I insisted on and still insist upon, is to make a close, clean cut when pruning. The place to teach pruning is on the tree. You can tell of fertilizing, cultivation, etc., but you must teach pruning right on the tree. When making a clean cut, no projecting bough should be left, as the clean cuts will heal and the parts which project \vill allow canker and other diseases to get in. When we found apple canker we painted it over with varnish. When the apple trees show an abnormal condition of the wood or bark, the only thing to do is to treat it with sprays of an antiseptic nature. Creosote paint made from tar strikes in rapidly, and is known as a good preservative, and has a tendency to check the disease. The best growers are realizing that the work of recuperat- ing and building up the tree is the work of nature. Unless the tree has a certain amount of vitality, the recovery will 88 WORCESTER COL-Xn" HORTICIXTIT..\L SCCIETl- '1913-14 be slow, and with a superabundance of vitality, the re- covery will be quicker. Paint lotions are used to keep out the germs of decay, and not for their healing qualities; just as the farm hands will put varnish on a cut to keep out germs and other con- taminating matter, and not for the healing quahties which it possesses. We headed the tall trees back where we could handle them. The old trees, some of which were forty feet high, we brought down ten feet at a time. Where there were too many lower limbs we pruned, using the same slanting and close, clean cur. and painted the cut to keep out the germs, and for grafting we used the same slanting cut at all times. There is a great diversity in opinion on cultivation. Cul- tivation depends on condition and environment. We are on natural soil, and the fifty-year orchard, we cultivated for three years and after that time we were compelled to disband cultivation, as the trees were set only thirty feet apart, which was too close for a rapid growth of the trees. Per- manent apple trees should not be set less than forty feet apart, and to use the land, fillers may be set in. For the average filler, we recommend the Wagner as it is a feeble and slow gi'ower. The Xonhern Spy is too hardy: The Duchess is a good filler for summer apples. The Mackin- toshes are early bearers and make good fillers. In my opinion the ^Mackintosh is the best apple which ever grew in season; it is a slow fruiter, but will bear after three years. After we obtained a new growth of from eighteen inches to two feet we abandoned cultivation, and the gi-ass grew itself. We cut the grass two or three times during the year and let it lie where it fell. After three years we pruned annually, but our pruning now is light. Cutting out de- pends on the vigor and variety of the tree. We let the grass decay, and we bring in all extra m.aterial that we can get ahead; trimmings from hedges, leaves, etc., at our disposal, we carry out into the orchards. We utilize bog hay, trim- 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 89 mings from roads, etc., all of which make inexpensive fertilizers. In Ohio, where there is steep land, the water has washed all the materials for cultivation away. Some of the fruit growers are practising sending up the river for wheat, and straw at $8.00 a ton to be used for a mulch, and they consider that it pays to expend this amount of money. The object of cultivation is to make a mulch of a dry soil and preserve its moisture. A great deal depends on the local conditions. The mulch is better adapted to hill tops than to natural grassy soils. For the latter soils, the culti- vation by the harrow and machinery is the right thing. If we cultivate in the wet spring, the grass, in the warmer soil, might cause too much moisture and in all cases a great deal depends on the environment. Some soils on the hillsides are too hilly or too rocky to admit of cultivation, but you can grow fine fruit on these soils by using the mulch system. We have in our one-hundred-year-old orchard, an old tree that was going to die. In this orchard we have a good growth of grass, and by careful cultivation and feeding we preserved this old tree, and it is now bearing good fruit. Just as soon as the grass, or other materials used for fertilizing goes out of sight it forms vegetable matter and keeps the soil moist. It is best to leave a ring of about three or four feet, around the base of the tree, free from this matter, as it is not needed near the trunk, and there is danger of mice getting into it and eating the tree. The food of a tree is taken up by the little roots, and from these it goes up to the leaves, and in this way reaches all parts of the tree. We advise scraping the bark on the old trees because loose, neglected bark is a hiding place for insects. For these pests, we use lime and sulphur, as we get better effects than from whitewash and the work is just as thorough. Always do thorough work, scraping and spraying for scale. We scraped our trees twice, but after getting them growing 90 WORCESTER COUXTi' HORTICLTTL'RAL SCCIETi' [1913-14 we won't need to do much scraping. Young trees grow quicker than the old ones, and when you get a thrifty gro\^i:h the old bark falls off itself. Greatest care should be used in scraping; use the dullest hoe you can find, as tools which are too sharp cut into the tree too much and leave cracks and cuts, which injure the tree and permit germs and disease to lodge in them. We used moderate fertilization, as our orcharding was an experiment, and we worked the farm on a conservative farmer's basis. Xow that the trees are bearing, we are fertilizing more extensively. A tree is a good deal like a horse, the harder it works the more it mtist be fed. In our fifty-year-old orchard the trees are growing rapidly, so we don't want to stimulate the growth too much. We have discontinued the use of nitrogen and su.lphate of potash, which we used for three years. To carry out the features of good orcharding, if yoti count points in training, I would count pruning one point, fertilizing one point and spraying two points. Pruning is to let in the sun and light, which gives color, and the higher the color the better the flavor, for it is the flavor that gets the dollar and that is what we are after. The old hymn, "Let the Blessed Sun- shine in," is a good one to remember in apple growing. The sun costs nothing and is one of the best blessings that we have and we should use it. Fertilization and cultivation cost, but sunshine is all free, and be sure to use it. A large number of growers have spasms of horticulttu'al improvement and this is the trouble with a great many of the municipal reforms of the cities. Some of my neighbors will visit my orchard and see my apples and ask a few questions about pruning, then go home and go out into their orchards and with an ax will cut off a few limbs. They will talk of treating, spraying, cultivating, etc.. but the only thing they have done is to cut a few limbs off, here and there. IMany of the trees are seA^enty-five years old. have never been treated, and as there is no new growth there is no need of pruning. The next year they cut off more limbs 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 91 and then expect these trees to bear the same quaUty fruit as other trees which have been cultivated. Spraying must be used for two kinds of pests; fungus diseases and insects. These two have to be treated in classes by themselves. Sucking insects cannot be reached by poison and must be reached by contact. It is generally admitted that oil is more effective as a scale killer. There was a prejudice against oil, but a fruit grower in New Jersey has used petroleum to good advantage, and oil has gradually won out. Lime and sulphur is disagreeable to apply, and oil is especially valuable because of its spreading qualities; it reaches every portion of the tree affected and that is what we are after. The oil is used as an early spring spray, and the lime and sulphur is good to be used later in the summer for scale. There are two kinds of summer pests which we must fight; insects, canker worm and fungus growths. Arsenical poison (arsenate of lead) may be used for both of these diseases and with it we may kill two birds with one stone. The fungus disease, which looks a good deal like mold on bread, favors the dog days and spreads rapidly in moist weather. These growths are especially difficult to handle, as anything strong enough to kill the growths will kill the plant or leaves. We must get after them in the early part of the summer and kill them before they spread. That an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, is especially true in the treatment of this disease. Apple scab is most dangerous, as it is apt to lay over in the leaves on the ground during the winter, and when spring comes, the germs arise in the air and are ready to lodge in any part of the tree, not protected by a spray. Many times we have a large number of blooms and think we are to have a good supply of fruit. Dr. Hutchinson says the vital point is to get the spray on before the scab has reached the bloom or the leaf. The air around the apple trees is apt to be saturated with microbes of scab, fungus, etc., so the only thing to do is to keep ahead of the game 92 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 and start at the scab before the bud opens. In other words ''Do him or he will do you." The first spray of lime and sulphur, for scale, should be put on before the buds start to swell and the time for the next will be when two-thirds of the petals have dropped, not when the flowers are open. Aphis is the little green louse that curls up the leaves at the tips of the growing shoots. It hatches very early in the spring, and the little dark insects will be found near the buds waiting for the leaves to appear. If this first brood can be killed, there will usually be no further trouble that season. Spray with commercial lime and sulphur at the rate of one gallon to forty-five gallons of water, just as the buds are well broken open. This has been one of the most serious orchard pests during the last few years. I do not believe it can be combated commercially by later spray- ings. It is so thoroughly protected under the curled up leaves that it is practically impossible to get at it. Don't poison the bees, they are your best friends. We keep bees, not for their honey, but it pays for the worth of pollenizing the blossoms. It has been pretty thoroughly established, that the bees have a decided effect in the fer- tilization of fl.owers. The bees not only work to feed them- selves but they also store honey, and as eighty per cent, of the honey gathered is stored, it means that the bees have visited thousands of blossoms during the day. Wasps only feed and do not store any surplus honey so they visit a fewer number of plants during the day and are not of much use to the farmer as their little friends, the bees, are. Never spray when the blossoms are open as you injure the blooms, which are delicate and will even be injured by a hard storm. We had one tree which stood in the northeast corner of our orchard and was covered one spring with blossoms. A number of hard storms struck this tree during the blossoming period, and in the fall the few apples that grew on it were twisted and deformed. The next year we had very few storms and every apple on the tree was perfect. 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 93 You will get the same effect from spraying while the blos- soms are open as we got from the storm. For the codling moth, which makes the apple wormy and does a lot of damage to New England fruit, spray with arsenate of lead, within a week after the petals have fallen; Young orchards as a rule are not troubled with fungus growths as the old orchards are, and in the latter case one spray will not remove the growths. Pyroxene, bordeaux mixture, sulphate of copper and lime and sulphur are sprays used effectively for the extermination of these growths. For the first spray for scale and these growths, they should be used before the fohage appears, so that it will escape injury. We generally have an old man of about sixty-five to seventy years to do the grafting. He has lived a number of years and knows that an apple tree will last for years, and he will prepare the tree so that we will get good results in years to come. Split or cut grafting is the only successful one. Cut off stubs to about two or three inches, and scatter these through the tree, then place the grafts so that the tree will grow in the required shape. Commence at the top, as the sap has a tendency to go to the top of the tree and this will throw the sap back to the other branches. A new feature, which the new growers are taking up, is the thinning of fruit. When we thin the fruit, the plan seems feasible, that the consequence will be where the apples are four or five inches apart we will have more No. 1 apples and less cider apples. Prof. Frank H. Hankins, Clark University, spoke on ''Some Social Conditions" at the last winter meeting on the pro- gramme of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in Horticultural Hall, the afternoon of March 13th. Mr. Hankins was introduced by Mr. Arthur J. Marble, chairman of the committee in charge of the winter meetings. He said: We hear on all sides the discussion of the fundamental importance of good stock. Plant breeding and animal 94 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 breeding are of the highest importance. Talking with fruit growers, we find they are spending large sums of money each year in trying to better and increase the quality of their stock. Quality in everything is esteemed. Adver- tisers are calling attention to quality, and we often read of 200-strain-egg chickens. It has been clearly estabhshed that the quality of plant or animal strain will be handed down to the offspring. There is a similar condition to man- kind, and why should it not be possible by giving attention to raise the quality of the human family, by good quality? The civilization of the Italian cities of Florence and Venice represented a gifted stock of a few families, but they were superseded by a poorer quality and the result is an inferior race. This has been the case in many other countries of Europe and in time she will be populated by a less desirable race. The English people have long been much concerned about the quality of the stock among the people, and the study of eugenics has been taken up and developed. It has been the same with a number of other countries in Europe, and a number of mighty empires have risen and fallen by the replacing of good stock by a poorer strain. There is a question now whether England, one of the mightiest nations, will be able to endure if there is not some new and better stock added to her already decreasing race. Following the South African war, the English nation became alarmed. In order to get soldiers she was obliged to reduce her army standard. The height minimum has been reduced six inches in the past one hundred years, which is an indi- cation of physical decay. The generals did not show the brilliancy that earlier ones did, and England does not num- ber a general in her army who is equal to Nelson or Clive. There are a few simple facts concerning eugenics which are interesting. Men, women and children vary by nature. Some vary considerably in height; the average height being, perhaps, from four feet six inches, while the tallest is, perhaps, six feet nine inches. Some have natural swiftness and some 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 95 are naturally clumsy, while others show great agility and strength. The same of strength and mentality. The study of children shows that they vary in school. At the age of ten some children are in the primary grades while others are in the high school. Some are natural spellers and others have to acquire spelling. We see the same variations among men, some show originality and are always inventing and getting new ideas, while others never get a new idea and are always in the same rut. The same is true of musical ability, some pick up rapidly and others are never able to carry a tune. The same is true of moral stability. As men vary mentally and physically, they also do morally. People lead to produce children like themselves; tall fathers have tall sons, and short fathers short sons. There are some exceptions but the average is so. These variations are not only in height but in fatness, slimness, eyes, bodily energy, and physical strength and endurance. The same is true of musical ability, mechanical inventiveness, temperament, skill, etc. The mental qualities produce mental qualities in the offspring. The same applies to disease: Some families have weak hearts, lungs, and livers, and eye, ear and throat defects, and even nose bleed is prevalent in some families. The susceptibility to disease and organic weakness will run in the family for generations. Europeans are susceptible to measles, and Indians to smallpox. Suppose we take one of the great diseases on the basis of these facts. Tuberculosis is known to be the cause of great poverty. It attacks every race except the Jewish race where it is noticeable for its absence. After living for many years in congested quarters and prevalence of tuberculosis, they are immune. The sus- ceptibility of the disease has been killed off. In Africa, there is a similar tribe who are not susceptible to pestilence, and in the Himalaya Swamp there is a people living who are immune from another fever. We are all watching with interest what will be the effect of the war which England is waging against the great white 96 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 plague. $7,000,000 has been expended in equipment and experiments for the disease, and every incipient case will be called in and treated. In this country where some of the states are making a rigid campaign against tuberculosis, the result must be beneficial. In the future we may kill all the germs, but it may not make any difference if we still have weaklings. The elimination of tuberculosis is simply due to the popu- lation adjusting itself to the city's environment. Deafmutism also runs in families. If only one parent is deaf the average of deaf children is small, but if the parents are two deaf mutes, more than twenty-five per cent, of the children are apt to be deaf, and if the parents are cousins, about forty per cent, of the children are mutes. Deafmutism is prevalent in Martha's Vineyard, where a poor strain of people have intermarried and produced offspring. On the Isle of St. Kilda off the coast of Scotland, a race of people are living who have intermarried for generations, but the first couple, who were the original ancestors of these people, were of a sturdy, strong race and have reproduced healthy and sound offspring; while the first couple who intermarried on the Martha's Vineyard were of a poor strain and the race has since deteriorated and produced poorer strains. Deafmutism is prevalent among the Jews and Quakers, where many cousins intermarry, and it is quite uncommon among Catholics, because the latter discountenance the marriage of cousins. Feeble-mindedness, epilepsy, and insanity also run in families, and are in most cases inherited. Of course there are certain strains of modern life, excessive drinking, certain brain diseases, which will result in insanity, but in most cases the case is hereditary. Hospital cases with few excep- tions show this predisposition. Insanity is also connected with intermarriage, as shown by the Quakers and Jews, who have intermarried for years. Suicide is also hereditary. For instance, in many cases a father and son have been known to commit suicide at the 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 97 same age. Weak-mindedness is not found in any child, unless the parent or some ancestor showed some poor strain. If the parents are imbeciles all the children are imbeciles. In many cases the selective action of alcohol is probably due to hereditary nervous disorder. Chronic drunkards are believed to be weakened sixty to seventy per cent. One interesting fact lately introduced is, in chronic alcohol cases, that if you give them all they can consume, the sooner they can be eliminated and the world will be better off without them. Just as feeble-minded men become drunkards, so feeble-minded women become mothers. An examination of the workhouses of England showed many of the feeble- minded women had as many as six or seven illegitimate children before they were twenty-five years of age. These children are practically all defective. The prostitutes of England are a large per cent, feeble-minded. Again we see the selective of social evil. Feeble-minded women addicted to prostitution live but a short time. Society has a right to step in and check this evil. We should preserve and care for the feeble-minded, but when we allow them to have offspring, we only fill the poorhouses, penitentiaries, etc., and populate the country with a less desirable race. If we are to support them we must segregate them and stop them reproducing. Senior physicians at Elmira esti- mate that forty per cent, of the prisoners are weak-minded, and seventy per cent, are below normal physical standard. In the reformatory for young men in New Jersey, it is estimated that forty-six per cent, are hopelessly defective mentally. In the training school for delinquents at Vine- land, full twenty-five per cent, are mentally defective. So then this mental defficiency brings a great mass of drunken- ness, illegitimacy, prostitution and crime. It is estimated in the United States that we have 3,000,000 insane or feeble-minded; 160,000 deaf, dumb and blind; 80,000 crim- inals in prison; 2,000,000 cared for in asylums, hospitals, and homes. This two or three per cent, is a fearful drag on our civilization. Outside of the considered cost, this popu- 98 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 lation is a tremendous burden on the civilization, and if we permit them to m.ultiply and make it easier for them to live, the burden will increase until it assumes a drag on the country. Some of the families investigated show alarming facts. Take the story of the Jukes family, which dates back to the Revolutionary period. A man named Max, a regular Rip Van Winkle type, lazy and incapable of steady appHcation, mated with a young woman, probably weak-minded. They had two sons. One of the sons married a cousin who was also weak-minded. She became the mother of criminal, indolent, and immoral children. For five generations these poor strains have reproduced offspring which have cost the state of New York over $1,125,000 for maintenance in asylumS; reformatories and jails. Ben Ishmeal, of Maryland, a weak-minded fellow, mar- ried a woman named McCulloch and then moved to Indian- apolis. His son married a half-breed in 1840, and moved to Marion County, Indiana. They had three sons, who mar- ried three sisters of a pauper family, named Smith. There resulted fourteen children, sixty grandchildren, thirty great-grandchildren, living in 1888, besides numbers who had died. These have married into many other poor strains and filled the almshouses, houses of refuge, and prisons, and have every crime from petty thievery to murder to their" credit. The result is that the descendants of this Ishmael filled the penitentiaries and poorhouses of Indiana. Ability is also inherited. Galton's studies showed emi- nent persons had eminent relatives with much more fre- quency than people of average ability. Take the story of Elizabeth Tuttle, a Colonial woman of Massachusetts, of commanding carriage, superlatively intellectual, but wholly lacking in moral sense. By her first marriage she had one son, Timothy Edwards, who early showed his mother's intellectual ability and strength. One of his sons was Jona- than Edwards, president of Princeton, one of the world's greatest intellects. Among his offspring were: Jonathan 1913-14] WINTER MEETINGS 99 Edwards, president of Union College; Timothy Wright, president of Yale College; Sereno Edwards, president of Hamilton College; Theodore D wight Woolsey, president of Yale for twenty-five years; Timothy D wight, president of Yale, 1886-1898; Theodore William Dwight, founder and for thirty-three years president of Columbia Law School; Henrietta Francis, wife of EH Whitney; Merrill E. Gates, president of Amherst; and Winston Churchill, noted author, and other writers and scientists. The daughters of Eliza- beth also had famous descendants, among them: Robert Paine, signer of the Declaration of Independence; Fair- banks Bros., inventors of scales; Morrison Waite, chief justice of the United States; Grover Cleveland, and many others. Only two of her descendants, a Connecticut lawyer and Aaron Burr, showed intellectual brilliance but lacked moral discrimination. All this shows that, if we want a race of paupers, crim- inals, alcoholics, sex perverts and incapables generally, we must let these weak-minded strains live and reproduce their like; but if we want a nation strong, healthy, able, efficient and progressive, we must produce the nation from men and women of that type. What must happen to our civiliza- tion if we do not maintain the quality! This is doubly significant in view of two things; humanitarian movements are gaining on the danger that lies in the future, and medical science and public health sanitation are saving the lives of thousands. Infant mortahty is great, and the medical are aiming to save the 250,000 infants who perish each year. With the war on tuberculosis germs, dust, etc., the pure food laws, pure milk for infants, great endowments for charity, minimum wage law, widow's pensions to eliminate poverty, vice and disease, we make it easier for the weak and in- efficient to multiply, and by so much handicap the more able. In 1740-1790 England provided generous out-door relief. The overseers of the poor were instructed to see that every working man received a legal minimum wage, whether he had the ability to earn it or not. The result was that those 100 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 who shirked or were unable to earn the full amount got just as much as the one who worked and earned his salary. Under this law illegitimacy and vice increased. The burden of support was shouldered by the better element, who post- poned marriage until they were able to support a family, had less children and were better able to educate and bring up more desirable children. A few years of this law would have made England a nation of paupers. There is a tendency of a race to die at the top. Statistics show that only half of those born live to get married, and that twenty-five per cent, of these who get married have half of all the children, and the seventy-five per cent, provide the other half. Of course there is no conclusive ground for supposing this to be true, bat it is time to arouse ourselves to its importance and improve the biological quality of the nation. Improve the environment and the birth rate falls, cultivate ideals in population and standardize the family especially for those who have achieved. Report on Fruit The standard of the exhibitions of fruit has been unusually high during the past season. The exhibitors have been more careful in selecting their fruit, with the result that our displays have been of better quality and the exhibitions more attractive. There has been a deficiency in apples, grapes and straw- berries. In many places the tent caterpillars destroyed a large proportion of the apple crop, and the severe frost in the spring seriously injured the strawberry and grape blooms. The drought proved to be of some damage to blackberries and caused apples to drop in dry localities. Peaches were better than usual, due in a large degree to favorable winter weather conditions. The premiums and prizes of fruit have been awarded as follows : Strawberries 34, cherries 33, raspberries 9, currants 23, gooseberries 4, blackberries 11, plums 49, peaches 63, grapes 52, pears 112, apples 196, quinces 8, extras 6, making a total of 600, 13 more than for the year 1912. HERBERT A. COOK, Judge. Report of Judge on Vegetables The season just closed, like several that have preceded it, has been one of many unfavorable conditions, so the maxi- mum of crops, either in quantity or quality, has been hard to obtain. This fact was very evident in the exhibitions of early and midsummer, it was especially evident in the 102 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1913-14 scarcity of early sweet corn, when for three consecutive exhi- bitions Mr. H. R. Kinney was the only exhibitor, he showing fine specimens at each. Another thing that detracted from the exhibitions was the fact that some of the principal exhibitors of former years were conspicuous by their absence. Tomatoes were late in ripening, so the early calls were not well filled, but later there were fine specimens shown, the display of August 28th being especially fine. The collection of vegetables September 25th brought out good competition, there being two or three new exhibitors, the display being among the best ever seen under this call. The exhibition of October 9th was as usual the crowning feature of the season, and while all varieties were of great merit, cauliflower deserves especial mention, they being the finest of the season, those shown by H. R. Kinney being as perfect as it is possible for man and nature to make them. Squashes have been a light crop, but this fact w^ould hardly be realized judging from the fine specimens shown, those of J. A. Allen and S. E. Fisher being remarkable for size and maturity. The call for special exhibits is a new feature that has added much to the attractiveness of the exhibitions, that of A. S. Wolfe in the vegetable departm.ent attracting well-merited attention. The management is to be congratulated on this new departure, and the arrangement of the tables — there being something new each week that reflects credit to those in charge. CHAS. GREENWOOD, Judge of Vegetables. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICHLTUML SOCIETY REPORTS OF THE OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER i, 1914 AND THE ANNUAL MEETING OF 1915 THE C0:\OI0XWEALTH PRESS 25 Foster Street 1915 OFFICERS AIVD COMMITTEES OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1914-1915 President: EDWARD W. BREED, of Clinton. VICE-PRESIDENTS : ARTHUR J. MARBLE, of Worcester; CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester; HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester. secretary: LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front St. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. Joseph A. Allen, David L. Fiske, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, Herbert A. Cook, Fred J. Reed, Mrs. J. Frank Record, William McAllister, William Anderson, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Fred'k H. Chamberlain, Mrs. Olive G. Davidson, Walter D. Ross, James E. Draper, Auburn Grafton Leicester Leominster Millbury Shrewsbury West Boylston Whitinsville S. Lancaster Worcester Allyne W. Hixon, Simon E. Fisher, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Ben. M. Chamberlain, Louis J. Kendall, Frank J. Kinney, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George Calvin Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Charles W. Wood, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES. ON finance: Chairman, Leonard C. Midgley, 1915, Myron F. Converse, 1916. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Leonard C. Midgley, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Arthur E. Hartshorn, 191'; ON nomenclature: Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, Charles Greenwood, Arthur J. Marble, Henry E. Kinney, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney. George Calvin Rice, H. Ward Moore. ox ARRAXGEMEXTS .VXD EXHIBITIOXS: Herbert R. Kinney, Chairman, Simon E. Fisher, Arthur E. Hartshorn Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange H. Ward Moore, and The President and Secretary, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Miss Lucy M. Coulson. AUDITORS. Benjamin C. Jaques, JUDGES. Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Wilham Anderson, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange Herbert A. Cook ON WINTER MEETINGS Arthur J. Marble, Walter D. Ross, Edward W. Breed, Chairman, APPROPRIATIONS Flowers ... Fruit .... President E. W. Breed Joseph K. Greene Leonard C. Midgley Vegetables Winter Meeting Publications . Children's Exhibitions Periodicals $1,200.00 1,000.00 650.00 500.00 300.00 100.00 100.00 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FOR THE Year Ending December 1, 1914, and the Annual Meeting of 1915 PRESIDENT'S REPORT It is my privilege as president to present in a few words my annual report for the past year. We record in our membership the past year the death of ten gentlemen, all past middle age. Hon. Henry A. Marsh and Charles A. Denny had been members for sixty years; the average length of time for membership among the ten persons being thirty-seven years. These gentlemen were much interested in the welfare of the society and have contributed in various ways toward its support. We welcome twelve new members with our best wishes and hope that the society may prosper by their contribu- tions to our work. The winter meetings were of a high order, made possible by a liberal appropriation. Illustrated lectures attract larger audiences and the committee endeavored to have as many of that kind as possible. The Aledal Committee have not been called upon to award any medals this year. This will make it possible for more another year. In making out the schedule for next year I would suggest that for some of the display exhibits medals be awarded instead of money premiums — one for flowers, one for fruit and one for vegetables. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Our library is in fine order and worthy of your liberal patronage. We have a special fund for the purchase of books and the Library Committee will welcome at any time suggestions relative to the purchase of books on horti- cultural subjects. It is with great pleasure that I speak of the exhibitions which I believe have been very meritorious. The displays of fruit and vegetables being called for more than previously brought out excellent results. These features were a great factor this year. In the floral exhibits the standard was very high, partic- ularly in the stands of assorted cut-flowers, and there were frequently exhibits that in some years would have received honors, but on account of superior stands they were not awarded a premium. The chrysanthemum show proved a success in every particular. Finer specimens were never shown. Best of all, the attendance at our exhibitions has been excellent. This feature in a measure repays us for our efforts and on the other hand the public are fortunate in having free access to such exhibitions. Having more of the exhibitions open until nine o'clock was well appreciated and worthy of continuance. Appreciating in no small degree the honor you have con- ferred and the kindness shown me the past year I hereby submit my annual report. EDWARD W. BREED. Dec. 2, 1914. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Mr. President and Members of the Worcester CouxTA' Horticultural Society. In presenting to you my annual report, I must speak of the marked improvement in our sho\vs and, you might say, without any help from outside, the great feature has been the call for special displays in fruit, flo\vers and vegetables and it would be hard to tell which has been the most admired, so attractive have the}^ all been. The spring show of March 5th, the fruit and vegetable show of October 8th, and the chrysanthemum show of November 5th and 6th were the largest held during the year, the attendance being very large; in fact, the hall was crowded from the time it opened until 9 p. m. when it closed. I would like to mention the many fine displays by our exhibitors, but will not take the time; will speak of one in particular, the very fine display of perrenials exhibited by our president June 25th — think it was the finest thing of the kind we ever had. Your Committee of Arrangements changed the usual plan of the Fall Dinner, October 8th; instead of being held in the hall, it was served at the Hotel Bancroft. About one hundred participated and everyone seemed to enjoy it; the usual after dinner speeches were omitted. The shows that have been opened in the evenings have been the best patronized, and I am still of the opinion that more of our shows should be doubled up, having them every two weeks and open in the evenings; I should like very much to have this question discussed. Your Committee on Winter Meetings arranged a very fine course of lectures which were well attended; it is esti- mated that over twenty-four hundred persons enjo^^ed these lectures. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 We have taken in twelve new members and have lost by death, twelve. The new members are as follows: Albert W. Schneider, South Lancaster, Mass. J. Ralph Davison, Worcester, Mass. Daniel Sullivan, North Grafton, Mass. Prof. George H. Haynes, Worcester, Mass. Walter B. Barnard, Worcester, Mass. George H. Howe, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Herbert L. White, Shrewsbury, Mass. Prof. Arthur W. French, Worcester, Mass. J. Fred Brown, South Lancaster, ]\Iass. Mrs. Bertha A. Green, Worcester, ]\Iass. Mrs. Anna Bertha Rice, Worcester, Mass. Charles E. Burbank, West Boylston, Mass. The deceased members are: During the year we had twenty-three Trustee and Committee meetings. Following are the reports of trustee meetings during the year. The first meeting of Trustees, after the annual election, was held November 12th, 1913, with twenty-seven members present. This meeting was called to elect the committees for the following year. On Librar}^ and Publications: Edward W. Breed, chair- man; Leonard C. ]\Iidgley; Arthur J. Marble; J. Lewis Ellsworth; Lucy ]\L Coulson, librarian. On Xomenclature: Herbert A. Cook, Charles Green- wood, Henry E. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Herbert R. Abel L. Wolfe Samuel Flag, :M. D. Hon. Henry A. Marsh Charles A. Denny Woodbury C. Smith Charles T. Luce Charles D. Thayer Charles B. Eaton Eben Jewett Charles S. Bacon B. Joseph Bertels Arba Pierce 1914-15] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 7 Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, George C. Rice, William Anderson. On Arrangement and Exhibitions: Herbert R. Kinney, chairman; Simon E. Fisher, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Arthur J. Marble, WiUiam J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, H. Ward Moore, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Mrs. Lucy M. Coulson, President Breed and Secretary Midgley. Auditors: H. Ward Moore and Benjamin C. Jaques. Judges: fruit, Herbert A. Cook; vegetables, Charles Greenwood; flowers, William Anderson. Aledal Committee: Albert H. Lange, Herbert A. Cook, Edward W. Breed. On Winter Meetings: Arthur J. Marble, chairman, Walter D. Ross, Joseph K. Greene, Edward W. Breed and Leonard C. Midgley. Appropriations for 1914: Flowers, $1,200.00; fruit, $1,000.00; vegetables, $650.00; children's show, $100.00; winter meetings, $500.00; library, $300.00; secretary, $500.00; librarian, $600.00; treasurer, $150.00; total, $5,000.00. President Breed appointed the following delegates to attend the American Promological Society at Washing- ton, D. C: David L. Fiske, J. Lewis Ellsworth, E. M. Bruce, Herbert A. Cook and Benn M. Chamberlain. November 20, 1913 The Committee on Arrangement and Exhibitions held a meeting to revise the schedule for 1914. The committee appointed to draw resolutions upon the death of George McWilliam reported as follows. ''In the death of George McWilliam, for twenty-seven years a member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, for fifteen years a trustee and judge of flowers in all its exhibitions, and a contributor of important works on orchids to its library, the society has lost a valued member, a faithful officer and a competent judge. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 '^Mr. McWilliam was an original worker as an horti- culturalist and developed old and originated new forms of fruits and flowers, and received mam^ medals and other honors for his work. He not only contributed to various publications the results of his experiments but was always ready to give time and advice to the novice and other workers less imformed or skillful than himself. Genial, honest and S3mipathetic as a friend and leader, generously devoted to the best interests of the society he will be greatly missed and sincerely mourned by all who knew him. For the society, JOSEPH H. GREENE, EDWARD W. BREED, LLXY M. COULSON, Committee." February 12, 1914 A Trustees' meeting was held, with President Breed in the chair. There were fourteen members present. A mo- tion was made by J. Lewis Ellsworth that the society ex- tend an invitation to the State Board of Agriculture to hold their meeting next December in our hall. This motion was so voted. The president appointed the following committee to wait upon same: H. W. Carter, Alillbury; Charles Green- wood and Leonard C. IMidgley. ]\Ir. Greenwood thought the society should have an exhibit at this time. A letter was read from Ralph Davis to hold our ^Nlarch show in Mechanics Hall with others, this was voted laid on the table. The last winter meeting was held February 26th, the attendance being still another gain over previous years. The banquet, held ]\Iarch 12th, was well attended, 275 being present. President Breed presided and introduced the speakers. Among the invited guests were Honorable 1914-15] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 and Mrs. Samuel E. Winslow of Worcester; Mayor George M. Wright and wife, Worcester; Honorable and Mrs. Frank H. Pope, Boston; Mr. and Mrs. Howard L. Frost, Arlington, Mass; Honorable and Mrs. J. Lewis Ellsworth, Worcester; Mr. and Mrs. George Calvin Rice, Worcester. The after dinner speeches were well received as was also the singing by Dr. A. J. Harpin. Decorations of the ban- quet hall and library were by Leonard C. Midgley; stage decorations by Albert H. Lange. March 24, 1914 A special meeting was called by Chairman Herbert R. Kinney of the Committee of Arrangements to see if we could not improve our shows during the summer. The following changes were suggested: That the judges should stay until after the premium cards were placed. The janitor should always be on hand at the time of placing exhibits. That a record should be kept of each show and be put on record, when in years to come they could be compared. To hold the chrysanthemum show Saturday and hold over Sunday. To get more small tables, vases and platters. May 7, 1914 A meeting of Trustees was called but there not being a quorum, those present were dismissed by Vice-president Charles Greenwood. August 6, 1914 Trustees' meeting with President Breed presiding and fifteen members present. The only business to come before 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 the board was to see if the society should help the State Board of Agriculture by having an exhibit of fruit and vegetables in conjunction with their show in December. November 18, 1914 A special Trustees' meeting was called to decide if the society would have a fruit and vegetable display in conjunc- tion with the State Board of Agriculture, to be held Dec- ember 2, 3, and 4. Our president called the meeting to order with sixteen Trustees present. Alter a long discussion upon the matter it was voted to appropriate SIOO.OO for the display of corn, fruit and vegetables to be placed in the reception room over the library. It was also voted that the following be inserted upon the card sent out notifying the members of the an- nual meeting; that ''the Annual Meeting w^ill be held December 2nd with the expectations of an adjournment to a later date owing to the hall being used by the State Board of Agriculture at that time. December 2, 1914 The Annual Meeting of the society was called for Decem- ber 2nd, but on account of no quorum, those present were dismissed by President Breed to Saturda}^, December 5th, at ten o'clock a. m. Annual Meeting of 1915 The Annual Meeting of the Worcester County Horticul- tural Society was held Saturday, December 5th, 1914, to act upon the following articles: 1. To hear reports of officers and committees. 2. To choose officers of the society for the ensuing year. 1914-15] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 3. To take action upon proposed amendments to Article 11. 4. Any other business that may legally come before the meeting. The meeting was called to order by President Breed with sixty-two members present. The secretary read last year's annual report, which was voted accepted. The president then called upon the secretary to read his report for the year, also the librarian's and treasurer's reports. The above were all voted accepted. Arthur E. Hartshorn then read report for the Finance Committee. Herbert R. Kinney read report for the Com- mittee on Arrangements; William Anderson as Judge of Flowers ; Herbert A. Cook, as Judge of Fruit, and Charles Greenwood as Judge of Vegetables. Arthur J. Marble read report for the Committee on Winter Meetings. All the above reports were voted accepted. Our president then gave his address, also reported for the Medal Committee. The society then proceeded to elect officers. The presi- dent selected H. Ward Moore and Joseph K. Greene, tellers. Elections as follows : Edward W. Breed, president ; Arthur J. Marble, 1st vice-president; Charles Greenwood, 2nd vice-president; Herbert R. Kinney, 3rd vice-president; Leonard C. Midgley, secretary; Lucy M. Coulson, librarian; Burt W. Greenwood, treasurer. It was moved and seconded that the same list of Trustees serve for 1915. L^nanimous vote. It was moved and second- ed that Arthur E. Hartshorn be re-elected to Finance Com- mittee. It was a unanimous vote. The amendment to Article 11 submitted by Burt W. Greenwood was voted accepted. Arthur E. Hartshorn for the Finance Committee recom- mended $5,500.00 as the appropriation for 1915. This was seconded by Joseph K. Greene. L^nanimous vote. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Ernest Adshead recommended that a quarterly maga- zine be printed; this was passed over, not being seconded. The president announced that the Trustees meeting would be held Wednesday, December 9th, at ten o'clock. The meeting was voted adjourned at twelve o'clock a. m. Respectfully submitted, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Secretary. Horticultural Hall, Dec. 5, 1914. LIBRARIAN'S REPORT To THE ^Members of the AYorcester County Horti- cultural Society: I present the following report for the years 1913-1914. As the Library Committee is always seeking to increase the interest and value of its department, perhaps it will not be unappropriate at this time to mention that they would be glad to consider suggestions from the members as to new publications and books which might prove beneficial. There has been a slight increase over last year in the number of books circulated. There are more catalogues available, both foreign and domestic, than ever before. The work of binding various periodicals and The Trans- actions of the Society has been brought up to date. The additions to the library during the year just closed, by purchase or by gift, will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletin, Xos. 489, 492-494, 565. ^Monthly List of Publications, November to September. Alassachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulle- tin Xo. 149. Sixtieth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Massa- chusetts State Board of Agriculture. The Commonwealth of ^Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture. Circular Xo. 7a, 8, 15, 16, 19, 27. Bulletin No. 96. West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin No. 3. San Jose Scale. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Press Bulle- tin No. 44, 45. Research Bulletin No. 45, Extention Bulletin Nos. 22-25. Bulletin Nos. 139-145. Twenty-seventh Annual Report. Michigan Agricultural College Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 69. Field ]\luseum National History Publication, 172, Vol. II, No. 9; 173, Vol. IV, No. 4. Transactions of the ^Massachusetts Horticultural Society', Part II, 1913. Part I, 1914. American Pomological Society, Bulletin Nos. 6-8. Pro- ceedings of the American Pomological Society, 1913. Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Worcester, 1913-1914. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Eniversity, Bulletin Nos. 51-63. Worcester County ^Mechanics' Association Annual Re- port, 1914. Fifty-fourth Annual Report of the Public Library, 1913. Second Inaugural Address of Hon. George ]M. Wright, IMayor of Worcester, Mass. Civic Association. Twenty-third Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservation, 1913. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. XXXIX, Part II and III, Book of Arrangements Part I and II. Worcester Telegram. Evening Gazette. Evening Post. Weekly Guide. Worcester City Directory, 1914. Worcester House Directory, 1914. The Potato by W. S. Guilford. Floral Designs De Luxe. A Naturahst in Western China by Prof. E. H. Wilson. 1914-15] REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN 15 Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture by Ralph C. Davison. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. IX, 1913. Field Book of American Wild Flowers by F. Schuyler Mathews. Field Book of Wild Birds and their Alusic by F. Schuyler Mathews. The Practical Book of Garden Architecture by Phebe W. Humphreys. Rose Book by H. H. Thomas. The Sweet Pea Annual, 1914. Manual of Fruit Insects by M. V. Slingerland and C. R. Crosby. PUBLICATIOXS AND PERIODICALS Country Life in America. Suburban Life. American Homes and Gardens. The Garden Alagazine. Florists' Exchange. Florists' Review. American Florist. Gardening. Horticulture. Park and Cemeteiy. New England Homestead. The Rural New Yorker. The Farm Journal. The Country Gentleman. The National Grange. The Worcester ^Magazine. The Guide to Nature. The American City. Rhodora. Orchid Review. The Craftsman. 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Garden. Gardening. Gardeners' Chronicle. Americax Catalogues Aurora Nurseries. American Xursery Company. American Forestry Company. Andorra Nurseries. Ames Implement and Seed Company. Brunett Brothers, Seedsmen. Biltmore Xursery. Breck-Robinson Xursery Company. Boddington's Garden Guide. Bobbink and Atkins Xurseries. Bay State Xurseries. Burbank Seed Book. Breck's Seed Book. Barnes Brothers Xursery Company. H. F. Burt Catalogue. Clark W. Brown. D. V. Burrell, Seed Grower. Bassett and Weller, Dahlias. Burpee's Annual. AYilliam C. Barry, Xurseries. John Lewis Childs, Gladiolus. Conard and Jones Company. Arthur Cowee, Gladiolus. The Cottage Gardens Xursery Book. Cushman Gladiolus Company. Chamberlain & Gage, Gladiolus Bulbs. Henry A. Dreer, Garden Book. R. Douglas' Sons. Ellwager and Barry, Xurseries. Evergreen Xursery Company. Elliott Xursery. 1914-15] REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN Elizabeth Nursery Company. The El Paso Seed Company. John Endicott & Company, Dahlias. The Elm City Xursery Company. Ela's Dahlias. Farquhar's Garden Annual. Bertrand H. Farr, Hard}^ Plants. Franken Brothers. Henry Field Seed Company. Fairview Seed Farmer. L. J. Farmer. Samuel Frazer. Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Company. Green's Xursery Company. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Seedsmen. Miss Jessie M. Good, Seeds and Plants. Glen Brothers, Nursery. Gillett's Hardy Fern and Flower Farm. The Good and Reese Company. David Herbert & Son. D. V. Howell, DaWias. Ralph E. Huntington, Flower Seeds and Bulbs. Peter Henderson & Compan3\ T. S. Hubbard Company, Grapevine Specialists. Hill's Evergreen Book. Horsford's Nurseries. Heller Brothers Company, Rose Specialists. Harrison's Nurseries. Isbell's Seed Annual. Hiram T. Jones, Hardy Trees and Ferns. F. W. Kelsej^ Nurser}^ Company. E. H. Krelage & ^on. King Brothers, Nurseries. R. IM. Kellogg Company. Harlan P. Kelse}-^, Nursery. Livingston's Seed Annual. J. T. Lovett. 18 WORCESTER COUXTT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Lager Hurrell. Alfred ]\litting. Berry Specialists. Marshalls" Bulbs and Seeds. Michell's Seed Book. IMorse's Garden Guide. The William H. Aloon Company. IMills Seed Company. L. L. I\lay eV: Company. C. C. Alorse 6: Company. Thomas Meehan & Sons. ]\IcGregor Brothers Company. W. A. ^landa. J. F. Xoll Company. George H. Peterson. Roses. A. X. Pierson, Roses. Peterson X'ursery. Peacock Dahlia Farm. Ross Brothers Company. Royal Palm X'urseries. Frederic J. Rea. The Stark Year Book. Elmer D. Smith Company. The Schmidt eV: Botley Company. The Storrs Harrison Company. Stump & Walter Company. W. (fe T. Smith Company. Fred L. Tinkham, Dahlias. Leamon G. Tingle. Strawberries. Thorburn's Seeds. Charles H. Totty. T. C. Thurlow's Sons, Nurseries. B. Hammond Tracy. Gladiolus. Mrs. L. M. Towle. Dahlias. R. Vincent. Jr.. l\: Sons Company. Walsh's Handbook of Roses. Weeber cV: Don. 1914-15] REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN George H. Walker, Dahlias. Vaughan's Seed Book. James Vick's Sons. Henry Youell, Gladiolus. Foreign Catalogues Barr's Seed Guide. George Bunyard & Company. Cartwright & Goodwin, Bulbs. H. Cannell & Sons. James Carter & Company. Dobbie & Company. Dammann & Company, Seed Growers. Henry Eckford. Hobbies. Kelway's Manual. Kallen & Lunnemann. C. Keur & Sons. E. H. Krelage & Son, Bulbs. V. Lemoine & Fils. Charles Lorenz. H. Merryweather & Sons, Nurseries. Henry Mette, Seed Growers. Nonne & Hoepker. H. Den Ouden, Nurseries. The Oevrveen Bulb Trade and Nurseries. Otto Putz. Paul & Sons, Nurseries. The Royal Tottenham Nurseries. Ant. Roozen & Son, Bulbs. Frederick Roemer, Seed Grower. Jacs Smits & Company. Soupert & Notting, Roses. James Stredwick & Son. J. C. Schmidt. Sutton's Sons. 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 James Veitch Sons. Van der Weijden & Company. E. H. Wheadon & Sons. H. Woolman's. Thomas S. Ware, Begonias. Heirich Wrede, Pansy Specialists. Anthony Waterer, Nursery. R. Wallace & Company, Nurseries. Webb & Sons. The Yokohama Nursery. Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON. Horticultural Hall, November 30, 1914. TREASURER'S REPORT Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Financial Year (13 months) Ending Nov. 30, 1914. Statement of Receipts and Expenditures Receipts Expenditures Store rent, Hall rent, Interest, Membership fees: 8 at $5— $40 3 at 3— 9 Permanent funds: Dewey Fund, $84.36 Eames fund, 26.50 Water, Winter meetings, banquet Fall dinner, 1914, tickets, Furnishings, breakage and sales. $10 833.33 178.50 294.50 49.00 110.86 398.42 141.75 28.50 27.00 Cash on hand, Nov. 1, 1913, $16,061.86 9,741.43 $25,803.29 Furnishings, Library — Book account, $84.36 Winter meetings, 647.75 Publications, 351.97 Premiums, 2,764.00 Children's exhibits, 59.35 Eames fund premiums, 26.50 Society's medals, 30.00 Judges, $150.00 Salaries, 1,250.00 Payment on mortgage, $1,000.00 Interest, 832.50 Insurance and Taxes, 3,711.92 Maintenance real estate. Maintenance furnishings. Light, heat a-nd water, .Janitor service. Janitor's expense. Office expense. Library expense. Expense of exhibitions. Fall dinner, 1914, Miscellaneous expense. $294.45 3,963.93 1,400.00 Cash on hand Nov. 30, 1914: Marlboro Savings Bank, $1,268.16 Clinton Savings Bank, 1,304.87 Worcester Countv Institution for Savings, . 1,360.87 Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank, 1,218.94 Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank, 1,286.62 Worcester Trust Company, 3,169.53 5,544.42 792.39 100.08 1,716.30 1,255.09 212.35 322.84 9.50 264.61 48.60 269.74 $16,194.30 9,608.99 $25,803.29 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Store rent, $10,833.33 Hall rent, 4,178.50 Membership fees, 49.00 Income from permanent fvmds, 1 10.86 Children's exhibits, unexpend- ed balance of appropriation, 40.65 Premiums appropriated, not awarded (1913), 86.00 Premiums appropriated not awarded (1914), 100.25 $15,398.59 Appropriations from income, Office expenses. Library expense. Janitor's expense. Expense of Exhibitions, Miscellaneous expense. Judges, Fall dinner, 1914, Eames fund premiums. Society's medals. Winter meetings, excess of appropria- tion, Publications, excess of appropriation. Light, heat and water, Maintenance of real estate. Janitor service. Maintenance of furnishings, Insurance and taxes, Net gain to surplus. $5,000.00 322.84 9.50 212.35 264.61 269.74 150.00 20.10 26.50 30.00 6.00 51.97 1,317.88 792.39 1,255.09 100.08 3,711.92 538.00 $14,078.97 1,319.62 $15,398.59 Statement of Resources and Liabilities Resources Liabilities Deposits in Savings Banks: (Investment of permanent funds) Fitchburg Savings Bank, People's Savings Bank, Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank, Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank, $1,117.74 1,180.88 623.82 1,496.71 Real Estate, Furnishings, Library, Cash, $4,419.15 120,000.00 6,767.45 2,884.36 9,608.99 $143,679.95 Blake fund, principal. Income, Dewey fund, principal, " " income, Eames fund, principal, income, Hadwen fund, principal. Premiums awarded. Mortgage loans. Surplus, Net Gain, 1914, $1,000.00 117.74 1,000.00 496.71 500.00 123.82 1,000.00 180.88 $117,191.43 1,319.62 $4,419.15 2,749.75 18,000.00 $118,511.05 $143,679.95 Respectfully submitted, BURT W. GREENWOOD, Treasurer. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS Worcester, November 30, 1914. We, the undersigned auditors of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, have examined the accounts of the treasurer of the society and find them correct and the balances properly deposited. H. WARD MOORE, BENJ. C. JAQUES. REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE There have been no unusual expenses this year except for renewal of fire insurance which expired and was re- newed for the same amount, the Committee also deemed it wise to secure rent insurance which could be had for a nominal amount, thus providing for our income from rentals in case of fire. The income from the hall has fallen behind last year on account of the hall not being used Saturdays for moving pictures during the last three months. At present another party has the hall Saturdays for moving pictures but for no definite period. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN, Chairman. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ARRANGE- MENTS AND EXHIBITIONS While the early part of the year was generally un- favorable, our exhibitions of flowers have been good, but it has been necessary to make some changes. Fruit as a whole has not been as largely exhibited as usual during an apple year, this owing to the practical failure of the peach crop and the light crop of small fruits. The exhibitions of vegetables during the early summer were light and of only fair quality, but later were shown in abundance and of good quality. Your Committee has believed in more or less special exhibits and this year they have been a very great help in making our exhibitions attractive. It would seem as though if we are to keep up and if possible improve our exhibitions, that our Committee should have a small appropriation so that we could get an exhibitist if necessary. In a season like the past when some of our departments have not used all of their appropriations we could get along nicely. By H. R. KINNEY, Chairman. REPORT OF JUDGE OF FLOWERS The exhibitions of the year 1914 have been, as a rule, of a high standard. The frequent rains during spring and early summer were very favorable for plant growth and development, and the result was reflected in the quantity and excellence of the plants and flowers exhibited during the season. The exhibition season opened with the spring show on March 5th. In plants, azalias and begonias, and in cut flowers carnations and narcissus were the feature of this show. The quality was good and the competition close. Orchids were not shown in the usual quantit3\ The exhibition on May 7th was good, flowers were of good quality, and competition especially in the classes for table decoration and baskets of flowers was close, and excellent taste in arrangement was shown. The June exhibitions were fair. Paeonies were exten- sively shown on the 18th. The rose show on the 25th brought out a good display of roses, though as a whole they lacked quality. There were no exhibitors in class for rambler roses in pots. Notable at this show was the table of very fine blooms of paeonia grandiflora and the display of hardy perennials. July 2nd. This was the best show of the season to date, there were seven exhibitors in class for twenty vases of cut flowers, all of high quality ; also nine exhibitors in class for twenty vases delphinium hybridium, The flowers in these two classes alone making a fine show. Wild flowers were the feature of the show held July 9th. There were five extensive and very interesting ex- - hibits of these flowers. On July 16th, there were fine exhibits of pentstemons and 1914-15] REPORT OF JUDGE OF FLOWERS 27 hollyhocks. Sweet peas were also shown, but of medium quality. The following week, however, sweet peas were again extensively shown and of better quality. What interested the visitors in this show most perhaps were the table decorations of sweet peas. There were three tables very tastefully arranged. Gladiolus and asters were the feature of the August exhibitions ; the classes for these flowers were well filled and the flowers shown of a high standard. Exhibitions during September were notable for the fine displays of dahlias, asters, scabiosa, phlox, lilies, and especially the tuberous-rooted begonias. The class for tw^enty vases cut flow^ers was well filled during this month and the flowers shown of a high grade. The chrysanthemum show which opened Xov. 5th was one of the best ever held by the society. Cut flowers of chrysanthemums single and double, also roses and carna- tions, were ver}^ good. Some fine specimen chrysanthe- mum plants were also shown. Several groups of flower and foliage plants were also exhibited and added much to the exhibition. WILLIAM ANDERSON, Judge of Plants and Flowers. REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT Some exceptionally fine displays of various varieties of fruits in their seasons have made our exhibitions of unusual interest to the public this year. As a whole, fruit has been of a higher grade than in the past. Apples were especially good; very little worni}^ or im- perfect fruit has been seen in the hall this year. There was a good showing of strawberries, but the June drought in- jured many fields. The rains in July produced a good quantity and quality of raspberries, so that exhibits of this fruit excelled this year. There was a larger showing of grapes than there has been for a number of years, in spite of the fact that they were three weeks later than usual. Plums were good, but peaches were almost a total failure, there being only one exhibit. Pears were not up to the standard. The premiums and prizes were awarded as follows: Apples 233, pears 87, plums 61, peaches 1, strawberries 42, cherries 34, raspberries 10, blackberries 6, currant 24, gooseberries 4, grapes 53, quinces 8. There were displays of apples September 24, and November 5, making a total of 571 premiums awarded, 29 less than last year. HERBERT A. COOK, Judge. REPORT OF JUDGE OF VEGETABLES The season just closed can justly be classed as a very fruitful one, but notwithstanding this fact, the exhibitions of this society, owing to the peculiarities of the season, have hardly been up to the usual high standard. There have been individual exhibits of marked excellence, but the sea- son and the schedule have been so much at variance, there have been but few exhibitions when the schedule was filled. This condition of course cannot be foreseen and the sched- ule must be arranged as near as possible to meet average climatic conditions. The earliest calls I think should be continued, thus giving those in favored locations an opportunity to show what can be done under best conditions, and also serve as an incen- tive to all to improve conditions and methods. For a general call on some of the early vegetables I think a week later than at present scheduled might more nearly meet all conditions of season and location, and result in larger and better exhibitions. As usual, the collections of vegetables and the October exhibitions were among the best of the season, bringing out fine specimens of different varieties and close competition. The exhibition of potatoes on September 17 was of marked excellence, as was also the showing of Hubbard squashes October 8. The special displays of vegetables on small tables have been a ver}^ attractive feature adding much to the appear- ance of the hall and reflecting great credit on the committee of arrangements and the officers of the society as well as the exhibitors for their skill in growing and taste in arranging their products. These special features should be continued. CHARLES GREENWOOD, Judge of Vegetables. REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS Worcester, Mass., Dec. 2, 1914 Your Committee on Winter Meetings would report a very successful series of meetings at one of which our delegate to the American Pomological Meeting in Washing- ton, D. C, David L. Fiske, Esq., of Grafton, made a very interesting report. Ladies' day had a large attendance with an interesting talk on 'Tndian life," legends and songs by Miss Bee Mayes or Floating cloud." In past years we have been told about the frozen north by Professor MacMillan, who is now in the Arctic regions, while in this series we had a sharp contrast in a lecture on Travels in South America," by Professor Blakeslee of Clark College. Closed with the Annual Reunion at which, with a fine array of speakers. President Breed ably presided; followed by a social time and dancing in the lower hall under the direction of Clifford T. Eldridge and his aids. For the Committee, ARTHUR J. MARBLE, Chairman. Programme of Winter Meetings Friday, January 2. Bird Lecture by Mr. F. Schuyler Mathews, Cambridge, Mass. Thursday, January 8. Illustrated Lecture — Alpine Flowers by Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Thursday, January 15. Fruit Conference — Report of delegate to the American Pomological Society Meeting in Washington, D. C, Mr. David L. Fiske, Grafton, Mass., and discussion. 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 31 Thursday, January 29. Ladies' Day — Talk on Indian Life, Legends, and Songs by Miss Bee Mayes (Pe-Ahm-E- Squeet), Floating Cloud, Boston, Mass. Thursday, February 5. Vegetable Growing and Market- ing by Mr. H. W. Tinker, \Yarren, R. 1. Thursday, February 12. Illustrated Lecture — Travels in South America by Prof. George H. Blakeslee of Clark College. Thursday, February 19. Illustrated Lecture- — Co-opera- tion and Marketing as seen in Europe, by ]Mr. J. Lewis Ellsworth. Thursday, Februaiy 26. Seed Growing by ]\Ir. S. F. Willard Wethersfield, Conn. Music of the Birds The first of the series of lectures to be given by the Worcester County Horticultural Society was Friday afternoon, January 2, in Horticultural hall. F. Schuyler Mathews, Cambridge, was the speaker, and his subject was ^^Birds.'' Colored charts were used and with the aid of a piano and charts of sheet music he explained the songs of various birds and gave whistling imitations of those most familiar to Worcester people. Mr. Mathew told of the vast amount of good done by the birds and how impossible it would be to exist without them. He said: "Toward the end of winter we do not expect the birds to do for us the work they do in the spring. Al- though that season is not upon us, we should know what is coming to us and watch very closely for the coming of the birds. ''You read about the birds in books, but know little of their music. I am going to try to give you a key perhaps to a new world. If you remember one out of forty I will be pleased. The birds at 3- our feet and in the trees are your 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICrLTrR-\L SOCIETY [1914-15 friends. You can not remember the birds by the soimd of their song, for a bird may sing in one tone to-day. and when you again heard him the pitch would be different. But you can remember the sound of different birds by their mechan- ical rhythm." He then Uhistrated the song of the peabody bird, illus- tratiug by a tapping that his song was in five notes. He illustrated then by whistling the different ways that the bird may sing the notes, but always ha\"ing the same time, though the pitch may never be the same. He pro- duced by tapping the mechanical time of the crow of the rooster. "The downy woodpecker." he said, '*does not suig much. " He explained its tappiug on a pole or tree and how its mate would answer it from a distance. "The woodpecker/" he said, ''wiU drill his long bill into a pole or tree until he finds the part where insects are. and will then feed." The wood pewee he then iQustrated, which he said is seldom seen on the ground, feeding on the wing, catching butterflies, moths and smaller insects lq its path. "The birds," he said, "are busy at all times destroying the things that would destroy our lives or the fives of our children." He spoke then of the beautiful song of the yellow hammer and told of music taken from his tones. "The black-billed cuckoo, which looks like a small, sfim dove, continues in two notes for an extended time. He comes when the caterpillar is biulding its nest and eats all that it can find, and patiently awaits more. ' ■ The many different species of warblers coming ia ^lay, Jime. July, eat the net surface on the back of the leaves and do an inestimable amoimt of good for the farmers. " The bluejay is rather destructive as it destroys the young birds and nests and eggs of other birds, but at the same time does his share of good, destroying many of the most harmful of the insects." 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 33 He then illustrated the song of the oriole. ^'This bird/' said Mr. Mathews, ''is one of the few birds I have found it impossible to get a response from, as it is too busy at all times cutting in among the trees." Many kinds of sparrows were then illustrated and charts showed the various kinds, and the song illustrated which is the only way of telling these birds. The vesper sparrow, he explained, would gather weed seeds, and recently in Ohio, weed seeds that would have amounted to twenty tons were destroyed by them. ''The state hands out thousands of dollars to destroy the insects w^hich destroy trees and shrubbery, but the birds do a great amount of good," he says. "The hermit thrush is one of the greatest singers in the world and is heard in the mountainous district as far south as New York. "The swainson thrush is more of a hermit than the hermit thrush, as it is seldom seen. The w^hippoorwill will get insects, flying through the air with its mouth wide open and whiskers flying to catch all flying bugs. "Without the birds we would have to pass our lives on Mars or Venus, as everything we eat and have is aided by the birds of nature." On Alpine Flowers Burton Holmes, the noted lecturer, attended the second of the series of lectures given by the Worcester Horticul- tural Society in Horticultural Hall, Thursday afternoon, January 8. The speaker was Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, whose subject w^as ^'Alpine flowers." Stereopticon slides from photographs taken by Mr. Gleason, during his tours of Alpine regions, were shown and the hues of these flowers which grow in mountainous districts were a treat to lovers of nature. The hall was taxed to its capacity and at the close of Mr. Gleason's talk he was congratulated by Mr. Holmes. 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 Mr. Gleason told of the glaciers and snow-peaked moun- tains, where alpine flowers grow^ which are even more beau- tiful than are the wild flowers that abound in the lowlands. In districts where the mountains are covered with snow many months, and where one would imagine that there could be little vegetation, these beautiful flowers of more than 1,000 varieties grow in abundance. '^Botanists," he said, ''include in the list of Alpine flowers only those growing on the mountain slope, but there are many Alpine flowers in the regions surrounding them. I have passed a part of each year in the mountains of the West, and feel proud of the grandure of these flowers which grow in indescribable abundance. ''I have photographed as many as 1,000 of them." Mr. Gleason then showed the regions surrounding lake Louise, on the Canadian Pacific line, where man}" of these alpine flowers grow, and also Mt. Victoria and Victoria glacier. Many of these flowers which cover the forest floor, as the arctic raspberry, the columbine in yellow and many other shades; the hairbell gentian along the hilly slopes, which will swa}^ without even the slightest breeze in the air, and are attractive. Another fl.ower shown on the screen was what is com- monly called shooting star. The wild garlic, which is common and of a beautiful yellowish hue, has a decided onion odor, which mars its beauty. On the highest slopes, he said, these were found, and have a short season. Many forms of the dryus were seen, one the nodding dryus, of a deep yellow almost on an orange shade. He showed many of the handsome arnicas which abound on the slopes of Lake Louise. The moss campion, a plant bearing berries which grow 8,500 feet above the sea, and is found shooting between rocks where it gets its nourish- ment, was another slide shown. Many thistles grow in those regions, one being the alpine thistle, which grows on the summits of the highest mountains. ''The sweet for- 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 35 get-me-nots, so familiar in these parts," he said, ^'grew in alpine regions in colors more beautiful than here, some as if doubtful as whether or not to take a pinkish tone or a blue." The white thistle was shown, which attracts the bees in these lofty slopes to get the large supply of honey which is within. The dandelion that is found in the regions was shown and is smaller than the field dandelion. Various forms of mushrooms that grow in the district, some of them being good to eat, were shown. Mr. Gleason then told of a trip to Mt. Abbott and to Mt. Fox. He also spoke of the Columbia River, w^here there is a multitude of alpine plants. ^'A lily grows here," he said, which is similar to our dogtooth, and these are seen finding their way through the snow. An Indian paintbrush in deep red is another flower growing there, and another is called the devil's cup and is disliked by huntsmen as it is covered with sharp needles and are impossible to get away from without injury. The men of Alaska hate this plant worse than a grizzly bear. The mountain daisy is found in many colors, some purple, others white, and another seen is the wild geranium." Pictures were shown of animals that live in those floral regions, and the deer Mr. Gleason found tame. Alpine flowers that grow in Yellowstone park were shown and the sulphur plant, wild flox and asters of many kinds were among the collection w^hich he showed. The Pacific coast. Paradise park, where there is a profusion of wild flowers, was a beautiful picture. Mr. Gleason said that glaciers and snow peaks are not the onl}^ thing in these countries worth seeing. He show^ed many hues of gentians w^hich, he said, are strewn in varying shades from rich french blue to dark blue and purple, and waving gently in the air are hosts of lovely white anemone. He said there are broad patches of soldanella associated with crowds of crocus vermus 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 among the many floral gems. lending a subtle beauty to the effect of the regions. The alpine rose, one of the most common of alpine flowers, was one of the attractive flowers he photographed. David L. Fiske of Graftox Reports ox Fruit Coxfer- EXCE IX "WaSHIXGTOX The third of the series of lectures conducted by the Wor- cester County Horticultural Society was Thursday after- noon, January 15. in Horticultural Hall. The speaker was David L. Fiske, Grafton, who was a delegate for the society at the recent fruit conference of the American Pomological Society in Washington. After his talk, questions were asked by members regarding the growing of different fruits. ^Ir. Fiske said in part : "G. L. Tabor, vice-president of the society and president of the Florida State Horticultural Society, showed 82 varieties of citrus fruits, from tiny kumquet, size of marbles, to the shaddock of 15 pounds' weight. The Japanese per- simmon is ]\Ir. Tabor's special pride of which he exhibited 37 named varieties, with trees in fruit and methods of propagation. "W. P. Alacoune, dominion of Canada, horticulturist, responded for the North and claimed preference for a cold country, mentioning that Canada had for three years received first prize against all comers for the best bushel of wheat ; told of the immense areas of land especially adapted to horticulture. ''Ontario and British Columbia grow all kinds of fruit, peaches and apricots, wonderfully fine. The people of Canada use what they can, but the United States and Euro- pean markets take most of the Canadian fruit. Apples are packed in boxes, the minimum size of which is 10 inches deep, 11 inches wide and 20 inches long, inside measure. Quality marked best are of uniform size and all perfect; 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 37 number 1, 90 per cent, perfect; number 2, 80 per cent, perfect. ''The Missouri experiment station had a very interesting experiment in hybridizing two varieties of apples, in an effort to combine the best quality with strong grower and long keeper. A Ben Davis tree was selected and pollen from the Jonathan variety was sprinkled over its bloom. Seeds from apples grown on this tree were planted and resulted in something like 1,000 new trees. These have come to fruiting and develop 368 distinct varieties, 65 of which were shown, numbered but not named. ''The variety known as Ingraham is considered the best all-around apple grown for Missouri. The Missouri pippin, though a native, and formerly well thought of, is worthless, being full of disease. Grimes' golden is a grand fruit but a poor grower, and dies at the root early, and is being grafted on Ingraham. The Gideon, though small in Massachusetts, was shown. This is a late fall apple, smooth everywhere, a great yield- er, but too much on the yellow transparent type to be popu- lar in Massachusetts. "Professor Howard discussed the cost and probable profits of growing the apple crop and said it was much complicated because an orchard must withstand for the first several years the action of the evils. To get at the profits he would charge total of all expenses till the advent of the first crop, and deduct from these expenses everything received from incidental crops that the land meanwhile may have produced. "He thought it possible to get the first crop of fruit the eighth year and would expect an orchard to last 40 years after and to yield some 25 crops. "Among successful large orchards, the Evans peach orchard at Bryon, Ga., was mentioned as having produced 98 carloads the third year from planting, and the next year 140 carloads, nearly all of the elberta variety. 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 ^'The new Hale peach was exhibited and excited much comment from the fact that unprotected specimens heaped up on a plate, all through the week session, maintained a fine appearance with no signs of decay. ''A. C. Pomeroy, Rockport, N. Y., reported on the Per- sian walnut, the so-called English walnut. He said he had seven original trees planted by his father some 50 years ago, and from these he gathered this year, 35 bushes, yet l| bushels for 12-year trees was about all one could expect. ''He said that many were growing Persian walnuts in New York, as they are more profitable than apples. They do not have to go through the hands of the jobbers, need no spraying, no ladder picking and there is no danger of a glut. J. G. Rusk stated growing of these nuts is just as profitable here as in California. ''W. M. Scott, Maryland, read a paper on the control of orchard pests. He found spraying all important and was pleased to see it now becoming general and but for this 50 per cent, of the crops would be useless. The United States now grows 40,000,000 barrels of apples each year, 90 per cent, of which can be rendered perfect by spraying and even the 10 per cent, can be eliminated with more thorough work. ''The chestnut industry at home was considered by Pro- fessor Collins, who stated that there were in America thirty diseases attacking the chestnut including the new one, which is reported from the Orient and is very destructive. It is known by dead patches of bark with orange colored dots. "Our state was represented by Edward P. Wilder; Pro- fessor Sears of the Massachusetts Agricultural College; Wilfred Wheeler, secretary of Massachusetts Board of Agriculture; Harold Frost, president of Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Our state was also represented by a long list of the very best apples and pears we know with neither bruise nor blemish upon them. "The exhibition was a grand success, more than 2,500 separate exhibits were on the tables, of these 450 were 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 39 absolutely new to us. Blueberries, nearly an inch in diam- eter, pears, plums, peaches, strawberries were in evidence. Floating Cloud Says It Is Part of Indian's Religion TO Care for Body Horticultural Hall was taxed to its seating capacity Thursday afternoon, January 29, when Miss Bee Mayes of the Cherokee tribe of Indians entertained with stories of Indian life, legends and songs. It was women's day of Worcester Horticultural Society, and many women and young persons were in the audience. Miss Mayes, or Float- ing Cloud, wore Indian costume, her long black, glossy hair hanging in two braids interwoven with bright red ribbons, and her costume was covered with bright colored beads. She came from the region of the Great Lakes, where her tribe lives. She told of the life of her people. In the spring they tap the maple trees, and when this season passes they travel to the Lakes to fish, where they remain until the berry season arrives. There is then the harvest time and the celebrations before they return to their winter homes. ''Our people," she said, ''are a people of songs. We sing at all times and for all occasions and express every emotion with a song. We may sing a song to-day that we would never sing again. We have, however, great songs of history. ^'The children make songs, old men make songs, the mother has a sweet song to hush her baby, the hunter has his song; in fact, we sing at all times. We begin the day with a song, and close the hours of night with one." She then sang many of these songs, one being the song of the wicked old man. "People think," she said, "that all tribes of Indians are alike and their language is the same. One cannot under- stand the other; their custom of liAdng is different, and their homes, their symbols, their signs and their dress are not the same. 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [19U-15 "One tribe would have to have an interpreter to under- stand the other, just as you would. ^Ye welcome the white people in our homes and in our life. We have in our tribe two family stories, which are never told to any white man, and have certain signs that we never reveal. AVe often tell a falsehood if it helps our people, not that we believe in telling lies, but at times when we wish to keep our secret.'' The Indian girl showed many Indian articles, as the Indian rattle, the candleholder. and the symbols of the sun, corn, water and others which are used at the harvest time. She went through part of this ceremony with these different symbols, singing in her sweet voice during the ceremony. "We speak our language in different ways." she said. "We have a signal language in which we send a word a great distance. These are given by fires, the brighter the fire, the greater the danger, or the number of fires means great danger. "A blanket is another way in which we speak, holding the blanket in one direction means a certain thing, while to wrap the blanket closely around you means great trouble. We have signals in hunting to tell what animal abounds the region and where he is located. "The Indian child is well brought up. Fom infancy we are taught to endure, strapped to the back of a board: our feet and hands bound we are unable to kick, and if we cry it would do no good. We rest during our first months and sleep in the open. "Our education begins at an early age. and then we are taught to swim, run. climb, hunt, and in this way grow strong. We are taught the signs of nature, and with the boys it is a necessity to know how to tell where an animal is located and what danger the hunter is in. "It is part of our religion to care for our body, as it is the greatest thing the Great Spirit gave us, and we grow strong with nature and healthful exercises. We do not wor- ship the sun, but adore it. because it comes to tell us that the Great Spirit is with us.'' 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 41 She told of legends of the times when animals and Indians talked together, and of the faUing out the Indians and the animals had, and how all of them except the dog and horse were against the Indian, and that is why these two animals are such good friends of the Indians and why they hunt and kill other animals. The Winter Meeting of the Worcester Horticultural Society Thursday afternoon, February 5, in Horticultural Hall, was of much interest to horticulturists and market gardeners. Frank J. Kinney introduced H. W. Tinker, Warren, R. I., who told of vegetable growing and marketing in Providence. Mr. Tinker in part said: '^I am going to talk on the vegetables we most commonly grow. The question is, why don't you make more money out of growing? Massachusetts is expending thousands of dollars each year on market gardens, and they are not getting the money out of them that they were twenty years ago. ^'Agriculturists have not taught you to grow things right. In the preparation of land the idea comes first of fertilizing. The Boston gardeners have forgotten how to use anything but manure for fertilizing to enrich the land. We of Providence do not believe in too much of this manure. We have found great advantage in using phosphoric acid. ''We have found in the growing of cabbage that the result is better heads and quicker growing than when other forms of fertilizing are used. I do not know whether or not it's the lime, but we can grow cabbage as fast as anyone. I do not think that this would be good for all vegetables. I would not advise it for beets or tomatoes. For peaches, cabbage, carrots, it is superior to any other form." Mr. Tinker then told the proper way to plant cabbage plants, which he said should be planted when the frost is 42 WORCESTER COrXTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [l91-i-15 Still in the ground, and they should be allowed to stand three weeks after freezing. It was wise, he declared, to cover them with an old bag, and not uncover them until the first of ]\Iarch. if planted in early February. " If they do not thaw otit until they reach the sunlight it hardens them and helps the plant." he said. He con- sidered the Copenhagen the best kind of cabbage. ■' ]My pet crop is tomatoes." he said, "and I can make more money on an acre than on any other vegetable. For the tomato we plant the seeds in February and set them otit February 15. in hothouses for market gardeners* use. They are transplanted four times, never less, and set out about ]\Iay 1 in paper pots. "These we set on newspapers, with two rows of boards to back them. We fertilize for tomatoes as heavy as we can. Potash is what colors vegetables in growing. Picking is an important thing after growing. We pick the tomatoes when one-day green, or when they begin to show the slight- est signs of changing color, and put them in the packing shed and sort them over. "We use as much pains in sorting them as in apples. We sell every one of the three classes and do not waste any of them. I have the best success in packing tomatoes in a peach crate." Mr. Tinker then spoke of conditions regarding the market gardeners in Rhode Island, and told of the time when a license was demanded to sell goods, and it cost us ninety cents a square foot to stand to sell goods. "Well." said ^Iv. Tinker, "about 175 of tis market gardeners got together and bought a space of land a little from the city and divided it into stalls and it cost us less than ever and we sold more goods. The scheme worked out and now the city wants to buy the land from us. We are not going to sell unless a municipal market is started, and have a superintendent to take charge of it. 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 43 ^'We will sell then, either wholesale or retail, and the buyer will cart his own goods away, or go to the superin- tendent to arrange for their delivery." A discussion followed the talk, and Mr. Tinker was questioned about the growing of vegetables. In Horticultural Hall Horticultural Hall was taxed to its capacity, Thursday afternoon, February 12, when Professor George H. Blakes- lee, Clark University, spoke on ^'Travels in South America,'' under the direction of Worcester County Horticultural Society. Professor Blakeslee confined his remarks chiefly to Peru, Chile and Bolivia, and said the opening of the Panama canal will bring South America into greater trade connec- tions than now exist. He showed an outline map and explained the weather conditions that prevail, saying the Andes range, in cutting off the winds from the coast, renders the territory so dry that rain seldom falls in some parts of Peru. ^^It would be impossible to judge Peru from the desert country," said Professor Blakeslee, ^^for there are the irri- gated valleys where cotton of a peculiar nature grows from 15 to 20 inches in height, and is called peruvian cotton. ''Water is brought many miles to the irrigated regions, through iron pipes, and the mule also is used as a water carrier. Sugar is another crop growing in Peru, and al- though much of the old custom prevails on the sugar cane plantation, modern methods are being introduced." Has Views of Europe President J. Lewis Ellsworth of the Chamber of Com- merce spoke on ''Cooperation and ^Marketing in Europe," Thursday afternoon, February 19, in Horticultural Hall, 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 under the direction of Worcester County Horticultural Society. Pictures taken by Mr. Ellsworth on his recent trip through Europe were shown on the screen. The col- lection contained views of farming in Germany, Holland, Denmark and England, and buildings of importance on the continent : Mr. Ellsworth said in part : We saw farming on the Alps where there is fine culture, and we found the women working in the fields with the hoe and shovel. The women do a greater part of all work, and we found them employed even in the brickyards. One field that attracted our notice was where there were thirty women working and thirty pair of oxen. '^Cooperation is carried on in Europe to a great extent. We found farmers sold their milk to cooperative companies and one farm run by cooperation w^as divided into 650 shares." Mr. Ellsworth showed pictures of this farm and of the milk process and other slides showed views of a government farm at Budapest, where fine horses are raised. The speaker showed scenes of buildings in Budapest and other buildings of interest, street scenes, where markets are and which showed women selling pigs in crates. Mr. Ellsworth said that the tools used in Holland and Germany are inferior to those of American make. They mow fields of grass with a hand scythe. The children of Germany go to school at seven o'clock in the morning. They have two morning sessions and two after- noon sessions. Mr. Ellsworth thought this a good scheme and would recommend it in America, Pictures were seen of the fair at England, where the king had his horses^ and for which he received a prize. Beauti- ful flower gardens were seen in the different parts of the country, and these surround every home, no matter how humble. Mr. Ellsworth answered many questions, and the talk proved to be of great interest. 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 45 On Seed Growing The Winter Meeting of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society, Thursday afternoon, February 26, in Horticultural Hall, brought out many men and women who are interested in seed growing, which was the subject of S. F. Willard, Wethersfield, Ct., who was introduced by President Edward W. Breed. At the close of the lecture i\Ir. Willard answered questions and other persons gave their experience at seed growing. That cheap seeds are a poor investment was impressed on the audience. Mr. Willard said, in part: ' 'Commercial seed growing is one of the important divi- sions of the great agricultural industries of our country. It requires the skill that comes with experience and a knowl- edge of conditions which affect the product in the varied localities and sections wherever seeds are grown. The principal growers, or companies engaged in the business are experts. ''They have trained men in charge of departments. Close watch must be kept of all details to insure purity of stock, proper selection, a thoroughly cured product and proper labeling, as well as cleansing and testing for germination. As a business enterprise, it is one of much hazard, both from loss of crops by unfavorable weather conditions and by surplus crops on which there is often a heavy loss. ''In early days the seed growing of the United States was largely in sections adjacent or having convenient trans- portation to the cities, for seed growing is closely connected with, and may be said to have been developed along with vegetable growing. "The market grower in this way kept control of the type he required, thus acclimating or developing strains to a given section. The period of great development in seed growing in America has been the fifty years since the close 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1914-15 of the Civil War. It is not to be measured so much by the increase in population as by the requirements of our people for fresh vegetables the year around and the enormous use of canned vegetables. ^'Our variety of climate makes the planting season con- tinuous. Tomato seeds are sown in Connecticut in March or April, transplanted in June, the ripened fruit gathered in September, the seed cleaned, cured and shipped at once to Florida, where it is immediately planted, and the second crop of ripe tomatoes is sent to northern markets in Febru- ary. As our country has developed westward, newer sections have become seed producing centres, and the business of seed growing, once closely confined to the eastern states, has spread out across the states to the Pacific coast, so that we in New England have lost somewhat our relative position as a source of supply. ^'The quality, however; of the old established types pro- duced by the seed growers, market and farmer growers of eastern states, has never been surpassed. In Europe seeds are produced greatly in England, France, Germany, Hol- land and Denmark, also to some extent in Italy, Sweden and New Zealand. These countries may be said to produce for the world, for in addition to the large quantities sent to Canada and America, they have large markets in India, Russia and Africa. There is some demand for a few of our American varieties for use in the sections of Europe where the climate is similar to our own. ^'Seed growing the world over is a matter of confidence, secured by acquaintance and years of business dealing with continuous and careful trial testing. Some speakers on vegetable growing have suggested that market growers select and save seeds for their own use. In some cases this is good advice, but too literally followed in some cases would mean great confusion and loss. 1914-15] REPORT OF WINTER MEETINGS 47 '^My plea to the market growers is that they should save seed, but only when his local conditions are most favorable to produce high quality and w^hen he fully understands the merit of his crop, along lines of character and type. ''Given these conditions, and the required knowledge, the market grower should select and bring up to its full development such strains as are important to him and can be kept true. The man that can and will specialize in this way can easily establish his reputation and obtain the satis- faction of having accomplished a good work that will abide. Mr. Willard then told of seed growing in connection with plant breeding and showed what had been accomplished in recent years. ''We need to keep ever in mind" said Mr. Willard, "that even if we give a crop the greatest care, and attain the high- est perfection in quality, there is always the necessity of selection of the best for reproduction and not only the best in appearance, but the true type. Men have experimented to obtain new varieties, by method of cross fertilization and with success among many varieties of flowers, but very little of value among garden vegetables, yet much has been learned by the results obtained. "The law of survival of the fittest does not apply to plants in any development for quality except as they re- ceive all the care and protection possible for many to be- stow. We must consider in our selections the possibility of plant breeding on the lines of quality and productiveness as well as appearances. Nature's efforts are to mature seed, so plants can be said to form habits, taking all the time there is in a given section, in our comparatively short season. It's somewhat of a hurry-up habit, but we get the thicker shell on our squash, egg plants and other things, for that is nature's way of protecting the seed, and we get the harder, more solid heads of cabbage for the same reason. "These, and many others similar, give you in this state an opportunity which you certainly should use to the best advantage." ROLL OF MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 1, 1914 Uaorcestcr, /IRass. PRESS OF EDWARD H. TRIPP )914 ROLL OF MEMBERS OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society This Roll of Members contains the names of all those known to be living at the time of publication. The date before the name indicates the year of elec" tion to membership. A Date Name Residence 1903 Abrahams, H. A. Cohasset 1886 Abbott, Justin A. No. Grafton 1901 Adams, Charles A. Spencer 1909 Adams. Everett F. Leominster 1906 Adams, Mrs. Herbert L. Worcester 1899 Adams, Mrs. Henry 1867 Adams, John C, " 1903 Adams, Mrs. Josephine A. 1911 Adshead, Ernest 1899 Alexander, Miss Effie M, 1893 Alexander, Francis P. " 1911 Aldrich, Fred D. 1856 Allen, Benjamin D, Europe 1911 Allen, John J. Auburn 1893 Allen, Joseph A. Auburn 1891 Allen, William I. Worcester 1899 Anderson, Herbert W. 1909 Anderson, William So. Lancaster 1893 Andrews, Albert W. Worcester 1901 Andrews, Miss Harriot B. 1893 Atherton, Miss Mary E. B 1882 Babbitt, William E. 1901 Bacon, Charles S. 1866 Bachelor, Charles O. 1901 Baker, Mrs. Caroline F, 1897 Balcolm, Mrs. J. A. 1882 Baldwin, Charles C. 1906 Ball, Mrs. M. Jennie 1872 Ballard, Harry 1876 Ballou, A. A. 1894 Ballou, Charles A. 18.52 Bancroft, Miss Mary C. 1865 Bancroft, Mrs. Mary M. 1853 Barnard, George A. 1889 Barnard, William C. 1889 Barr, George L. 1904 Bartlett, Mrs. Christina 1884 Bartlett, Edward A. 1874 Bassett, D. H. 1911 Bassett, Pliny E. Worcester No. Oxford Worcester Charlton Worcester Shrewsbury Worcester Newton Worcester Brookline Unknown Worcester Shrewsbury Unknown Worcester Residence Brookfleld Uxbridge Worcester Unknown Worcester Date Name 1860 Batcheldor, Ezra D, No. 1908 Bazeley, William A. L. 1906 Bellows, Arthur H. 1906 Bemis, Addison L. 1874 Bennett, A. H. 1884 Bennett, Miss Caroline E. 1866 Bennett, Mrs. Sarah F. 1865 Bent, Charles M. 1897 Bertels, B. Joseph 1909 Beveridge, Mrs. Abbie M. 1887 Bishop, Mrs. John W. 1913 Bisson, Ernest 1884 Blake, Mrs. Cecila L. 1902 Blodget, Walter H. 1910 Bloss, Albert H. 1896 Boardman, James E. 1897 Bond, Charles E. 1852 Bond, Thomas No. 1892 Bowker, John B. 1876 Bowker, Mrs. S. H. 1896 Bowen, Mrs. William E. Newton Highlands 1904 Boyden, Mrs. Caroline E. Boylston 1905 Boyden, W. H. Leominster 1896 Brackett, Mrs. Frank 1878 Bradt, Mrs. Mary 1897 Breed, Edward W. 1911 Breed, Mrs. Sarah E. 1897 Brierly, Mrs. Annie E. 1891 Brierly, Moses F. 1902 Brigham, Mrs. Lillian E. 1884 Brooks, Rev. Arthur A. Brooklyn, N. Y. Brookfleld Worcester Unknown Unknown New York Clinton Worcester 1911 Brooks, George F. 1904 Brooks, Lewis M. 1882 Brooks, Walter F. 1911 Brown, F. Howard 1908 Brown, Mrs. Inez E. F. 1900 Brown, Mrs. Sarah E. 1871 Brown, Thomas 1911 Browning, Henry H. 1896 Bruce, Edgar M. 1899 Bruce, Mrs. Flora C. Worcester Marlboro Worcester Auburn Worcester Worcester Leominster ROLL OF MEMBERS 3 Besidenae Worcester Unknown Worcester Ipswich Dat€ Natne 1874 Bruso, Miss Elizabeth 1895 Bryant, Mrs. Christopher 1908 Buckingham, Mrs. Mary A 1911 Buckley, Louis H. 1911 Buckley, Mrs. Louis H. 1897 Bullard, Mrs. George M. 1S70 Bullock, Augustus G. 1865 Burbank, Miss Caroline A. 1908 Butler, George C. c 1909 Carey, Mrs, Emily Shrewsbury 1894 Carleton, Elbridge S. Rochdale 1904 Carrick, George W. Worcester 1909 Carter, Henry W. Millbury 1902 Cary, Willis E. Worcester 1890 Chadbourne, Alonzo H, 1849 Chaffin, T. M. Unknown 1904 Chaffin, William A. Worcester 1905 Chamberlain, Benn M. Holden 1892 Chamberlain, Frederick H. Worcester 1898 Chamberlain, Fred. L. • " 1855 Chamberlin, Mrs. Elizabeth F. P. Worcester 1870 Chapin, Miss Annie T. 1891 Cheney, Gustavus E. Sharon, Vt 1875 Chester, Mrs. Kate D. Unknown 18C5 Childs, Mrs. Susannah S. Boston 1874 Churchill, Mrs. Mabelle E. Amherst 1894 Clarke, Joseph T. So. Lancaster 1891 Cochrane, Mrs. Albertina G. Worcester 1895 Coe, Frederick L. Unknown 1864 Goes, Mrs. Amie B. Worcester 1878 Goes, Chester E. B. 1876 Goes, Mrs. Frank L. B. 1895 Coggswell, Mrs. Jennie A. 1884 Cook, Herbert A. 1906 Cooke, Maurice E. 1909 Cook, Henry P. 1897 Cole, Mrs. Arthur W. 1872 Colton, Miss Mary R. 1898 Colton, Reuben 1896 Conant, Mrs. Abbie S. 1896 Condon, Mrs.. Albert 0. 1903 Converse, Myron F. 1898 Coombs, Zelotes W. 1881 Copeland, Amasa A. 1894 Cooper, Charles, 1901 Cooper, Jesse F. 1898 Corey, Edwin S. 1898 Coughlan, William H. 1905 Coulson, Lucy M. 1875 Coulson, John 1886 Cowan, Thomas B. 1895 Cowan, William H. 1894 Crane. Ellery B. Southbridge Shrewsbury Worcester Unknown Worcester Boston Waban Holden Worcester Brookline Worcester Northboro Unknown Worcester Date Name Residence 1909 Creswell, Albert Springfield 1906 Crompton, Miss Isabel M. Worcester 1863 Cross, Courtland H. 1906 Cronin Thomas J. 1873 Cruickshanks, Mrs. Mary E. Chelsea 1894 Curtis, Edwin P. Worcester 1909 Curtis, Miss Mabel 1910 Curtis, William C, D 1894 Daniels, Mrs. Maria M. Worcester 1896 Darling, Mrs. James F. Saylesville, R. 1. 1909 Davenport, S. Lothrop No. Grafton 1898 Davidson, Mrs. Olive G. Worcester 1902 Davis, Mrs. Emma M. Worcester 1912 Davis, Gilbert G. 1855 Davis, Mrs. James C. Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass. 1910 Davis, Joseph M. Worcester 1854 Davis, Mrs. Mary W. Boston, Mass. 1914 Davison, J. Ralph Worcester 1906 Dean, Henry E. 1901 Delaney, James Unknown 1854 Denny, Charles A. Leicester 1908 Derby, Alden Leominster 1890 Dewey, George T. Worcester 1909 Dixon, Robert W. 1912 Dockham, Herbert M. Holden 1867 Draper, Mrs. James Worcester 1903 Draper, James E. 1870 Drury, Arthur H. Unknown 1869 Dudley, George J. Sutton 1904 Dunn, Mrs. Annie W. Worcester 1903 Durkee, Grin P. 1869 Duteher, Frank J. Hopedale E Worcester 1865 Earle, Miss Sarah F 1872 Eastman, William H. San Francisco, Cal. 1868 Eaton, Charles B. Worcester 1867 Eaton, Mrs. Charlotte M. 1867 Eaton, Thomas B. 1909 Edwards, Victor E. 1910 Eldridge, Clifford T. 1892 Elwell, Edwin A. 1906 Ellam, Miss Minnie E 1907 Ellsworth, Charles H. 1864 Ellsworth, Emory A. 1873 Ellsworth, J. Lewis 1898 Ellsworth, J. Warren 1855 Estabrook, James E. 1894 Evans, Mrs. Eliza W. West Boylston Worcester Barre Worcester 4 ROLL OF MEZVIBERS Date 1886 1855 1865 1908 1854 1858 1859 1902 1866 1881 1S69 1900 1854 1911 1901 1904 1859 1913 1911 1866 1872 1S66 1911 1911 1874 1910 ■■.903 1906 1895 1900 1894 1884 1895 1854 1S74 1860 1867 1867 1905 1883 1S67 1867 1865 1883 1S6S 1906 1903 1910 1895 1895 1867 F Xaine Fairbanks, Alfred X. Falconer, James D. Farnum, Miss Mary J. Fay, Jonathan W. Felton, Oliver C. Ferguson, George A. Ferguson, Henry C. Fish, Charles R. Fisk, Miss Lydia Fiske, David L. Fisher, Simon E. Flagg, Mrs. Mary C. Flagg, Samuel Floody, Rev. Robert J Forbes, Miss Emily K. Forbes, Mrs. Alice M. Forbes, Mrs. Harriett Forbes, Percy G. Forbes, Ralph M. Foster, Miss Alia W. Foster, Charles T. Foster, Mrs. Emma E. Foster, George H. Francis, Miss Clara Francis, Mrs. Rebecca Frost, Howard Fuller, Horace C. Residence Keene, N. H. Unknown Westboro Brookfield Westboro Worcester Unknown Grafton Worcester Roxbury Worcester Waltham Shrewsbury Lancaster K. Worcester Leominster G Gage, Thomas H. Worcester Garst, Julius Gates, Burton X. Amherst Gates, Mrs. Emma X. Worcester Gates, Harvlin T. Xo. Carolina Gates, William H. Worcester Gay, Wilkes Unknown Gibbs, Mrs. Mary E. Gleason, Charles W. " Gleason, Joseph H. " Goddard, Mrs. Dorrance S. Worcester Goddard, Harry W. '* Goddard, Mrs. Mary S. Gordon, Albert A. " Gordon, Mrs. Albert A. " Gordon, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Unknown Gould, Abram K. Worcester Graham, Mrs. Adeline S. Mamaroneck, X. Y. Graham, George S. Holden Green, Alfred H. Worcester Green, Miss Clara E. Green, Charles H. Spencer Green, J. Elton Berkley, Cal. Green, Julia E. Unknown Unknown Worcester Winnetka, 111. Unknown Worcester Unknown Unknown Worcester Xo. Grafton Date yame Renidence 1863 Green, Mrs. Mary A. M. Worcester 1S71 Green, Samuel S. 1898 Green, Mrs. William 1 1906 Greene, Joseph K. 1906 Greenwood, Burt W. 1879 Greenwood, Charles 1S98 Greenwood, Mrs. Ella I 1898 Greenwood, Harold J. H 1903 Hacker, Mrs. Charles 1903 Hadley, Mrs. Bessie B. 1864 Hadwen, Charles 1854 Hale, Moses 1854 Hall, Charles 1882 Hall, Edward 1891 Hall, Mrs. Edward 18S0 Hall, Mrs. Emma G. 1893 Hammond, Frederick H. 1903 Hammond, Frederick H, Jr. 1899 Hammond, Miss Myra L. Xewport, Vt. 19C6 Hammond, Winthrop 1867 Hancock, Frederick 1898 Hardy, Miss Bertha 1910 Harrington, Emory H. 1910 Harrington, Mrs. Emory H. 1897 Harrington, Francis A. Worcester 1867 Harrington, Frank W. 1867 Harrington, Mrs. Stephen Unknown 1870 Harlow, William T. Worcester 19^13 Harris, C. A. Xo. Leominster 1912 Harris, Clifford R. Millbury 1867 Harris, Mrs. Gideon Unknown 1871 Harris, Warren Millbury 1894 Hartshorn, Mrs. Annie M. Worcester 1894 Hartshorn, Arthur E. 1860 Hartshorn, John W. Xew London, v^onn. 1902 Haskell, Mrs. Mattie M. Xorthboro 1907 Hatch, George S. Worcester 1897 Haynes, Mrs. Frank W. 1864 Healey, Michael Unknown 1SS2 Henderson, Mrs. Anna E. Worcester 1894 Henderson, Miss Anna M. 1894 Henderson, Miss Eleanor G. 1894 Henderson, Miss Ida J. 1891 Henry, John E. Westboro 1004 Henry, Miss Mary C. Worcester 1904 Herbert, Mrs. John F. J. Worcester 1906 Hersey, Everett A. Westboro 1897 Higgins, Edwin W. Unknown 1894 Hixon, Allyne W. Worcester 1SS2 Hixon, Mrs. Caroline A. 1899 Hixon, Mrs. Fannie 1880 Hixon, Mrs. Fannie E. 1898 Hildreth, Mrs. Isaac ROLL OF MEMBERS Date Narne 1909 Aiildreth, Mrs. Sarah . 1906 Hiscox, George W. 1895 Hodge, Clifton F. 1894 Hodsdon, William M. 1897 Holland, Frank M. 1910 Holmes, Mrs. Martha 1894 Holton, Mrs. Florence 1901 Hopkins, Mrs. Orrin S. 1865 Howe, Church 1902 Howe, Daniel A. 1913 Howe, John R. 1902 Howland, Clarence J. 1911 Hoyle, Alonzo F. 1858 Hunt, Francis W. h'esidence Worcester Unknown Shrewsbury Holden Fitchburg Worcester Unknown Worcester East Douglas 1909 Hurlburt, Mrs. William F. Worcester 1896 Inches, 1896 Inches, I George B. Mrs. George North Grafton B. Worcester Westboro Worcester Unknown Worcester Northboro Leominster Leominster Worcester J 1891 Jackson, Joseph 1875 Jacques, Benjamin C. 1908 Jacques, George A. 1856 Jewett, Darwin E. 1874 Jewett, Eben 1896 Jewett, Warren C. 1894 Johnson, Asa T. 1907 Johnson, E. Baxter 1907 Johnson, Mrs. E. Baxter 1867 Johnson, John F. 1913 Johnson, J. Henry 1913 Johnson, Mrs. Mary F. 1911 Johnson, Theodore S. 1880 Johnson, William H. 1864 Jordan, Mrs. Abby S. K 1898 Kelley, Mrs. Mary S. Worcester 1910 Kelley, Michael H. 1905 Kelsey, Millard F. 1892 Kendall, Louis J. 1908 Kendall, Wallace A. 1880 Kennedy, Mrs. Nellie F. Europe 1907 Keyes, George H. West Boylston 1858 Keyes, W. W. West Boylston 1902 Kilton, Winfield S. Worcester 1902 Kilton, Mrs. Winfield S. 1893 Kimmens, Gilbert A. Beverly 1896 King, Mrs. Emma A. ^> est Millbury 1893 King, Mrs. Hattie L. Worcester 1892 King, Simeon E. West Millbury 1867 Kinney, Mrs. Eunice A. Worcester 1867 Kinney, Frank J. 1910 Kinney, George H. 1899 Kinney, Henry E. 1891 Kinney, Herbert R. I^'^te Name Residence 1897 Kinney, Mrs. Lillian R. Worcester 1909 Kinney, Robert F. 19u6 Kinnicutt, Mrs. Francis A. 1905 Knapp, Mrs. Annie E. " 1913 Knight, Alfred H. Shrewsbury 1910 Knight, Asa E. West Boylston 1912 Knight, Mrs. Sara G. Holden 1905 Knowlton, Mrs. Almena M. Shrewsbury 1909 Knowlton, George W. West Upton Mrs. Alice L. Worcester Mrs. Charlotte R. F. Sturbridge 1896 Ladd 1910 Ladd, 1867 Lamb, Mrs. Laura A. 1865 Lancaster, Mrs. Frank Worcester 1887 Lange, Albert H. 1898 Lawrence, Frank E. Northboro 1898 Leavens, George D. Brooklyn, N. Y. 1900 Lewis, Homer P. Worcester 1864 Lincoln, Miss Annie M. 1864 Lincoln, Mrs. Fanny Unknown 1854 Lincoln, Miss Francis M. Worcester 1870 Lincoln, Miss Helen Europe 1865 Lincoln, Marston Denver, Colorado 1872 Lincoln, Pelham L. Cleveland, Ohio 1860 Lincoln, Waldo Worcester 1896 Lincoln, William E. Warren 1911 Linell, Mrs. Hilda Worcester 1893 Littlefield, Henry F. 1870 Lovell, Mrs. Abby M. North Chelmsford 1861 Lovell, Albert A. Medfield 1884 Lovell, Henry Worcester 1854 Lovell, Mrs. Mary E. Unknown 1854 Lonergan, Patrick Worcester 1900 Lowell, Alfred S. 1913 Luce, Charles T. 1867 Lyman, Mrs. John Unknown Worcester Unknown W^orcester Ringgold, Florida Worcester M 1895 Maclnnes, John C. 1896 Madaus, Frederick 1899 Magoon, A. C. 1887 Marble, Arthur J. 1882 Marble, Edward F. 1865 Marsh, Henry A. 1867 Martin, Miss M. W. Unknown 1898 Maynard, Mrs. Marcella A. Auburn 1899 McAllister, William Whitinsville 1854 McFarland, H. Framingham 1872 Mclntire, Benjamin F. Millbury 1903 McLeod, Mrs. Emma L. Brighton 1866 McPherson, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Pasadena, Cal. 1899 McWilliam, Mrs. Belle Nova Scotia 6 ROLL OF MEMBERS DaU 1904 1&S4 lSo4 1854 1865 1907 lCCi6 1911 19('6 1896 1867 1903 1911 1899 1911 1886 1906 1894 1854 1906 1866 1911 1912 1913 1896 1867 1880 1910 1911 1909 189S 1883 1880 1867 1910 1898 1897 1896 1867 1S&3 19t'9 Brookline Worcesrer Holden Worcester Westboro Worcester Westboro Unknown Worcester Mentzer, Thornton E. Northboro Merrifield, Mrs. Georgiana S. Worcester Merrifield, Henry K. Merrifield, William F. Messinger, Frank L. Metcalf, Mrs. Emmagene Middlemas, Mrs. Clara J. Midgley, Mrs. Clara E. Midgley, Fred Midgley, Leonard C. Miller, Mrs. Ebenezer Mills. Mrs. Mabel Mirick. Mrs. Anita L. Moen, Mrs. Margaret B. Moore, Miss Anna M. Moore, Elliott Moore, Harrison W, Moore, H. Ward Moore, J. H. Moore, Josiah L. Morey, Oliver S. Morgan, Charles H. Morgan, Mrs. Jessie F. Morgan. Paul B. Morrill, Mrs. Carrie W. Morse, Mrs. C. D. Morse. Miss Fannr C. Mortimer, Edmund Mullikin. George B. Murdock. David C. Charlton Xorthboro Shrewsburj- Worcester Millbury Worcester Grafton Worcester Shrewsbury Xeale, Mrs. Charles E. Xellson, John Nelson, Miss Louisa B. Newell, Mrs. Ann M. Newell. J. Albert Newell, Mrs, Sadie J. Newhall, George N. Newton. Benjamin S. Newton, Miss S. E. Norcross, Mrs. Mary E. Norcross. William E. Worcester TTolden Shrewsbury- Worcester Unknown Worcester o 19<:'6 O Connell, Daniel 18.54 Olney. Mrs. Richard 1894 Orpet, Edward Lake 1S79 Overend, Walter E. Worcester Unknown Forest, Illinois Spencer Worcester Boston Worcester IS. 4 Parker, Henry L. 1S97 Parker, Mrs, Kate E. Parker, Mrs. Sarah A, lSt6 Parsons, Norman B. 1554 Partridge, Joseph L. If* 12 Perry, Mrs. Charles S. 1564 Perry, Mrs. Marion V. Providence, R. L 190S Perry, Roger N. Worcester ISTO Perry, S. Payson Auburn Ifii^i Peters, Mrs. Carrie M. Worcester 1S94 Peters, Lewis A. Pasco, Washington 1907 Peters, Mrs. ilinnie A, Leicester 1913 Phelon, Joseph O. Worcester 1S7S Phelps. Mrs. Lydia G. 1565 Phelps, Miss Mary R. ! 1S65 Phelps, Miss Sarah D. I 1S76 Phelps, ...iliam E. ' 1864 Phillips, Miss Marianne 1SS6 Pierce, Arba 19"'2 Pierce, Mrs. NancT D. m'- Pierce, Scott T. 1909 Pollard, Albert T. 1S75 Pollard. Edward C. 19<:'9 Pollard, John 1907 Pollard. Mrs. Thomas 1SC2 Pond. Mrs. Sarah F. 1905 Powers, Edwin U. lSc3 Powers, Miss Sarah H. 1901 Powell, Albert M. 1SS6 Porter, Miss Juliet 19<:'9 Porter, James P. 19»4 Prairie, Mrs. Jessie E. Shrewsbury 1555 Potter. Burton W. Worcester 1S94 Potter, Mrs. Burton W. 1905 Potter, v^harles West Boylston 19(4 Prairie. Mrs. Jessie E. Shrewsbury 1S65 Pratt, Miss Emma A. ls65 Pratt, Frederick, S. 1912 Prescott, Francis 1912 Prescott, Miss Lucy E 1901 Putnam, Oliver J. 1905 Putnam, W. Atlee 1912 Paine, Miss Alice Worcester 1854 Paine, Nathaniel 1867 Parker, Mrs. Aaron Unknown 1875 Parker, Mrs. Adelaide Worcester 1S96 Parker, Frank C. Holden Unknown Shrewsbury Worcester Canton, Ohio Unknown Worcester Canton, Ohio Worcester Leominster Worcester Unknown Worcestei Worcester Grafton Newton Leominster Pasadena, Cal. 1878 Quimby. 1S90 Quinn, J. Hosea M. Frank R Harry I. Worcester Unknown 1913 Randall, Harry I. Worcester 19<:'5 Randall, Miss Josephine A. Sterling 1896 Rathbun, Edward Worcester 19':'5 Rebboli, Antoni F. 19C4 Record. Mrs. Clara E. West Boylston 19"3 Reed. Fred J. Shrewsbury iS93 Reed. Karl B. Seattle. Wash. ISSm Rice, Abner Unknown 1 ROLL OF MEMBERS 7 Date Name Residence 1879 Rice, George C. West Boylston 1866 Rice, Miss S. Elizabeth Unknown 1912 Rice, Walter A. Worcester 1871 Richardson, Clifford New York 1863 Richardson, Miss Fannie A. Unknown 1881 Rich, Mrs. Annie P. Lake Sunapee, N. H. 1906 Rich, Robert B. 1894 Robinson, Alfred M. 1895 Robinson, Charles H. 1898 Rood, Miss Clara B. 1905 Roper, Mrs. Annie H. 1896 Ross, Walter D. 1890 Rugg, Arthur P. 1906 Rugg, O. Willis 1903 Russell, Charles R. 1903 Russell, W. S. Worcester Worcester Sterling Worcester West Upton s 1901 Sanborn, Miss Edith V. Putnam, Conn. 1882 Sargent, Mrs, Lura I. Worcester 1910 Sawyer, Mrs. Jennie E. 1914 Schneider, Albert W. So. Lancaster 1866 Scott, Miss Alice Worcester Searles, Miss Lydia A. Wilkinsonville 1864 1866 Sears, Alden H, 1899 Sears, Mrs. Mary E. 1911 Shepard, Harry C. "'868 Skinner, Miss Kate J. 1880 Smith, Charles D. 1904 Smith, Edward L. 1906 Smith, Mrs. Edward L 1865 Smith, Harriet A. 1913 Smith, Harry W. 1879 Smith, Miss J. F. 1899 Smith, Mrs. Jennie L. 1867 Smith, Mrs. Sarah M. 1881 Smith, Thomas 1868 Smith, Woodbury, C. 1871 Spinney, George 1886 Sprague, Horace E. 1873 Sprague, Mrs. Jennie B 1900 Sprague, Wallace 1894 Stanley, Mrs. Annie M. 1911 Stanley, William K. 1893 Stevens, Henry E. 1874 Stiles, Mrs. Meimda A. 1892 Stockwell, James W. 1877 Stone, Charles W. 1906 Stone, Miss Florence M. 1901 Stone, Fred J. 1896 Stone, George E. 1896 Stone, George E. 1867 Stone, George H. 1909 Stone, Herbert J. 1867 Stone, Miss Lizzie Worcester Worcester Sturbridge Unknown Worcester North Grafton Unknown Worcester Unknown Worcester Unknown Worcester Boston Worcester Montague Worcester Unknown Worcester Shrewsbury Amherst Shrewsbury Unknown Shrewsbury Unknown Date Name 1867 Stone, Mrs. Lottie J. 1867 Stone, Miss Mary A. 1930 Stone, Ralph J. 1906 Stone, Walter J. 1911 Stowe, G. Burton 1911 Stowe, George I. 1914 Sullivan, Daniel J. 1911 Sumner, Howard E. 1854 Sumner, Sullivan Residence Unknown Worcester West Millbury North Grafton Worcester Unknown T 1901 Talbot, C. E. 1911 Tatman, Charles T. 1902 Taylor, Marvin M. 1854 Taylor, Thomas 1907 Tracey, Charles H. 186. Trask, Mrs. F. J. 1907 Thayer, Charles S. 1899 Thayer, Henry W. 1910 Thayer, Warren L. 1902 Thayer, William P. 1864 Tolman, Mrs. Emily A, 1865 Tower, Miss Addie L. 1910 Townsend, Henry E. West Boylston 1902 Tucker, Miss Arabella H. Worcester 1910 Tucker, Norman P. 1905 Tyson, Samuel H. " Uxbridge Worcester Dudley Worcester Leicester Worcester Unknowij u 1866 Underwood, Mrs. Annie 1870 Upham, Roger F. 1854 Utley, Mrs. Eliza J. V 1854 Vaill, Edward W. 1905 Van Leeuwen, Adrian, Jr. E. Holden Worcester Unknown Worcester w 1910 Wadsworth, Hartley 1903 W^ard, Asa W. 1874 Ward, Miss Ella H. 1873 Ward, Frederick W. 1897 Ward, Mrs. Lillian A 1909 Ward, Ralph W. Cottage Grove, Ore. 189 ( Warner, F^ank H. Unknown 1910 Warren, Mrs. Annie R. Worcester 1910 Warren, Charles H. 1903 Warren, Mrs. Ida 1901 Waters, Edward A. 1896 Watson, Mrs. Annie 1897 W^atson, John B. 1882 Watts, Mrs. Annie Edward J. Henry B. Sarah M. " Walter G. Silver Bay, N Holden Auburn Shrewsbury Worcester Holden L. Leicester West Boylston E. Worcester De 1894 Watts, 1880 Watts, 1894 Watts, 1891 Watts, B. Leicester Worcester Leicester 8 ROLL OF MEMBERS Date Name 1907 Webb, Mrs. Josie 1895 Weeks, Elsie A, 1897 Weir, Miss Elizabeth T. 1885 Wesson, Frederic H. 1905 Wheeler, D. E. 1908 Wheeler, Mrs. Edwin W. 1910 Wheeler, Mrs. Sarah A. 1887 Wheeler, William J. 1854 Wheelock, William A. 1873 Whitcomb, G. Henry 1910 Whitcomb, Mrs. G. Henry 1895 White, A. Avery 1912 White, Charles H 1906 White, Fred W. 1854 White, George W. 1899 White, Mrs. J. D. 1872 White, Miss Lizzie 1863 White, William 1854 Whiting, B. D. 1909 Whitin, Mrs. John C. 1908 Whitmore, Willard S. Jiesidence Worcester Unknown Worcester Leominster Worcester Berlin Worcester Dudley Worcester North Uxbridge Worcester Cambridge Unknown Boston Whitinsville Dunstable 1903 Whitney, Mrs. Isabella M. 1875 Whittall, Matthew J. 1855 Whittier, C. V. 1900 Whittum, Miss Ellie H. 1901 Whyte, Miss Mary J. 1894 Wight, Stanley G. 1894 Wilder, Mrs. Annie Shrewsbury Northbridge Worcester Roxbury Brookfield Leicester Date 1912 1909 1913 1900 1867 1905 1854 1867 1871 1913 1888 1898 1909 1£94 1901 1S86 I860 1882 1903 1903 1870 1875 1907 Same Residence Wilson, Edgar M. Worcester Wilson, Mrs. Helen A. " Wilson, J. Fred Westboro Williams, Mrs. Amey H. Allston Williams, Mrs. Hartley Unknown Williams, Mrs. Jennie E. Northbridge Williams, William A. Worcester Willard, Miss Mary E. Unknown Willis, Miss Clara Winn, Willard A. Winslow, Samuel ^. Wolfe, Abel S. Wood, Charles H. Wood, Charles M. Wood, Charles W. Wood, William J. Woodcock, Theodore E. Woodis, Mrs. Julia Woods, Arthur \V. " Woodward, Samuel B. " Workman, Mrs. Fannie B. Himalayan Mountains Worcester Auburn Shrewsbury Upton Shrewsbury Worcester Leicester Worcester Workman, William Wyman, Estes E. 1S89 Yanchoukoski, John Unknown Barre Worcester HONORARY MEMBERS Date 1876 Sargent, Name Charles Residence Brookline Date Name Residence 1913 Thayer, Bayard South Lancaster 1913 Thayer, Mrs. Bayard f SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS offered by the Worce^er County Horticultural Society For the Year 1914 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GEN'ERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester I COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS H. R. Kinney, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Simon E. Fisher, Albert H. Lange, H. Ward Moore, William J. Wheeler, Arthur J. Marble, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Miss Lucy M. Coulson. President, Edward W. Breed, Secretary, Leonard C. Midgley. Horticultural Hall, No. 18 Front Street. JUDGES OF AWARD. Flowers, Plants, Etc. — William Anderson, So. Lancaster. Fruits, Etc.— Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury^ Vegetables — Charles Greenwood. COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE. George Calvin Rice, William Anderson Albert H. Lange, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Herbert A. Cook, Herbert R. Kinney, Arthur .1. Marble- 1914] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 3 GENERAL RULES FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS. A. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. B. Correct and legible names must be attached to each and every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varieties. C. All articles offered for premium must remain v^dthin the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per- mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. D. All Small Fruits must be entered in quart boxes or bas- kets (except in the case of Strawberries or Currants, which are to be shown ''flat"); but they may be displayed subsequently in plates or dishes, at the taste of the exhibitor. E. No person shall make more than one entry under the same number. F. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. G. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. H. Com.petitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. RULES AND REGULATIONS. 1. Exhibitions will be held on Thursday, March 5 and May 7. Commencing June 4 there will be Exhibitions every Thursday, until September 24 and then October 8 and Novem- ber 5 and 6, 1914. Children's exhibition Friday, Aug. 28. The hours of Exhibition will be between 3 and 4.30 o'clock, except March 5, June 25, July 23, Aug. 27, Sept. 24, Oct. 8 and 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Nov. 5th and 6th, which are open until 9 p. m. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.15 o'clock p. m. of the days of Exhibition except those noted above. Between 2.15 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Com- mittee on Arrangement and Exhibitions. 2. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the contributors may direct. 4. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- . hibit competing for a premium. 5. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 6. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from competi- tion all inferior specimens. The judges may correct any errors that they think were without any deliberate purpose. 7. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 8. All articles offered for premium must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects 1914] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 5 and rules of tlie Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 9. No Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables will be entitled to a premium or prize unless they possess points of superi- ority, and the Judges are strictly required to withhold awards if, in their opinion, the articles exhibited do not merit them; nor shall any specimen for which a premium has been once awarded receive another during the season. 10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 11. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown; except with orchids and gloxinias; and not more than five blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes, all of which shall be of one color, and of one variety, shall be allowed in the sam.e bottle, or vase, except when otherwise specified in the schedule. 12. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. i@^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 13. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits, which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 14. The Standard number required for an exhibit, whether of Fruits or Vegetables, will be twelve (12), unless otherwise specifically declared. The usual limit of measure, save for Small Fruits, will be a half -peck. 15. All premiums that are not claimed within three months after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 16. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 17. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. FLOWERS, PUNTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1914 I^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 6. 6. It will he the duty of the Judges to exclude from competition all inferior specimens. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards. Notice of which will be taken by the judges in award- ing THE PREMIUMS. 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors will take PAINS TO correctly NAME THEIR EXHIBITS, THE JUDGES WILL NOT EXCLUDE AN EXHIBIT FOR MISTAKE IN NOMENCLATURE. 4. In ALL EXHIBITIONS OF LiLIES THE POLLEN MAY BE REMOVED. By vote of the Trustees, all entries mu^t he made to the Secretary and all cards made out hy him or his assistants. Thursday, March 5th, Open from 3 to 9 p. ni. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CARNATIONS, 10 Vases, 10 flowers in a vase. No. 2. Four premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 ORCHIDS, NOT TO EXCEED 20 VASES. — No. 3. Three premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 AZALEA INDICA, in bloom.— No. 4. One plant, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 5. Display, three premium^s, 10.00 6.00 3.00 BEGONIA-GLORIA DE LORRAINE TYPE. ONE PLANT IN BLOOM. — No. 6. Three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 7. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 8. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 9. One plant, three premiumis, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, IN bloom.— No. 10. Six plants, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ORCHIDS.— No. 11. One plant, three premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 12. Three plants, distinct in color, three premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 PRIMULA SINENSIS, in bloom.— No. 13. Four plants, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PRIMULA, ANY OTHER VARIETY IN BLOOM. — No. 14. Four plants, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 15. Open Face — Basket, no restric- tion, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 NARCISSUS, NOT TO EXCEED 20 VASES. — No. 16. Four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VIOLETS. No. 16i. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 9 TULIP.— No. 17. Four pots or pans, not to exceed twelve bulbs in each not less than three varieties, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DANDELION.— No. 18. One-half peck three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 19. Any variety, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 20. Turnip, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 21. Red, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 22. Savoy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 23. Any other variety named, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 24. One-haK peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 25. Intermediate, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY.— No. 26. Six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 27. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, TWELVE specimens. — No. 28. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE specimens. — No. 29. Hubbard, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 30. Any other variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 TURNIP.— No. 31. Swede, Yellow, six specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 32. Swede, White, six specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 33. White Egg, twelve specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES (6 IN EACH). — No. 34. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLES.— No. 35. Display not to exceed five varieties. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 36. Twelve Specimens, Baldwin, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 37. Sutton, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 38. Northern Spy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 39. Palmer, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 40. Roxbury Russet, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 41. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 11 Thursday, May 7 CUT FLOWERS — No. 42. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 43. Round basket, no restriction, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 44. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 45. Display not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 AZALEA, MOLLIS. — No. 46. Best display in vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PANSY.— No. 47. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower with foliage in a vase four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUM, IN bloom.— No. 48. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 49. For best table decorations, three premiums, laid for six covers, glassware and cutlery re- quired. Flowers count 50%, Furnishings, 50%. 10.00 7.00 5.00 Entries to be made one week in advance, no restrictions. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 DANDELION.— No. 50. One-half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 HORSE RADISH, twelve specimens. — No. 51. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 52. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 HOLLOW CROWN PARSNIP, twelve specimens.— No. 53. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 54. Other varieties, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 55. One-half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH.— No. 56. Globe, two bunches, six in each bunch, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 57. Twelve specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 58. Linnaeus, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 59. Two bunches, twelve specimens each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 60. Two bunches, six in each bunch, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 13 Thursday, June 4 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 61. One vase. Tlie specimens not to be tied or wired, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 62. From hardy plants and shrubs, not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, not to exceed forty vases. — No. 63. No duphcates, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 AZALEA, GHENT. — No. 64. Display in vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 IRIS, GERMAN. — No. 65. Not to exceed ten vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 66. Display in vases, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TREE P^ONIA.— No. 67. 20 vases not to exceed one flower in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 P^ONIA.— No. 68. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 69. One plant, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 ASPARAGUS.— No. 70. Two bunches, twelve speci- mens each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 71. Three specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 72. Half-peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, MONARCH, twelve stalks. — No. 73. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VICTORIA.— No. 74. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEETS, twelve specimens. — No. 75. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 15 Thursday, June 11 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 76. Not to exceed 20 vases, six pre- miums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 OPEN FACE BASKET, no restrictions.— No. 77. Four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 P^ONIA.— No. 78. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five pre- miums, 4.00 3.00 200 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 79. Any variety named, 24 berries, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 80. Twelve specimens, three pre- miums, 1.50 i.OO .50 SPINACH.— No. 81. One-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 82. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, June 18 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 83. Not to exceed 20 vases (no duplicates), four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 H. P. ROSES.— No. 84. Not to exceed 20 vases, one bloom or cluster in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 85. Hybrid tea, 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 P^ONIA.— No. 86. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 87. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHERRY.— No. 88. May Duke, one quart, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 89. Glen Mary, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 90. Sample, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 91. Senator Dunlap, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 17 No. 92. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA. No. 93. Any variety named, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 94. Two bunches, six each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 95. Any variety, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, June 25 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 until 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 96. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, four premiums, $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 97. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 98. Not to exceed 20 vases of H. P. roses, named, one bloom in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 99. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 100. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 101. Display of Rambler roses, grown in pots, three pre- miums, 10.00 7.00 5.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 102. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet Williams).— No. 103. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in a vase, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 104. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries.— No. 105. M. A. C, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. Downing Bride, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 107. Golden Gate, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Barrymore, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 109. Collection not more than six varieties, six premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 110. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 111. Coe's Transparent, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 112. Elton, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 113. Black Tartarian, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 114. Gov. Wood, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 115. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA.— No. 116. Gradus, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 I 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 No. 117. Thomas Laxton, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 118. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 119. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 120. Covering 16 square feet, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Entry to be made one day in advance. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21 Thursday, July 2 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties. — No. 121. Not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 122. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HYDRANGEA.— No. 123. One plant in bloom, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 124. Twelve vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIAS.— No. 125. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, any green allowable, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 126. Best display, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY.— No. 127. Black Eagle, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 128. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used in prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 129. Named variety, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEA.— No. 130. Sutton's Excelsior, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 131. Varieties not scheduled, one- half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE.— No. 132. Any named variety, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 133. Turnip rooted, twelve speci- mens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 134. Two buni2hes, six in each, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23 Thursday, July 9 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 135. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 136. Oblong basket, no restriction, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 136^. Not to exceed 40 vases, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 137. Twenty vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 138. Downer's Late Red, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 139. Montmorency, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 140. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. — No. 141. Red, Dutch, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 142. Perfection, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. White, Grape, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Versaillaise, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 145. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 RASPBERRY.— No. 146. Cuthbert, one quart, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 147. Golden Queen, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 148. Varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SNAP, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 149. Wax, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 150. Green Pod, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 151. Admiral Dewey,four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 152. Telephone, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 153. Varieties not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 154. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 155. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 25 Thursday, July 16 CUT FLOWERS, not to exceed 20 vases.— No. 156. Four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 157. One vase, not to exceed 12 stalks, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 158. Not to exceed 25 vases, not more than 10 flower stems in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 159. 20 vases, one flower in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GOOSEBERRY.— No. 160. One quart, any named va- riety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, ANY VARIETY.— No. 161. Twenty-four bunches, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 162. Summer, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens- No. 163. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO.— No. 164. Any named variety, twelve specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27 Thursday, July 23 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties. — No. 165. Twenty vases, four premi- ums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 166. Open faced basket, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 167. Display, no restrictions, four premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 168. Not to exceed 25 vases, 10 flower stems in vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 169. Table decoration of Sweet Peas, four premiums, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Entries to be made in advance. BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 170. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE specimens. — No. 171. Sweet Bough, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 172. Yellow Transparent, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 172/i. Any other varieties, five dollars may be used. PEAR.— No. 173. Any variety named, five dollars may be used for prizes. 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [191'4 BLACKBERRY.— No. 174. Agawam, one quart, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 175. Early Harvest, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. — No. 176. Sweet, any variety named, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 r CUCUMBER.— No. 177. Three specim.ens, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 178. Any variety named, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE.— No. 179. Any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 180. Hebron, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 181. Irish Cobbler, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 182. Rose, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 183. Varieties not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 184. Display vegetables, covering 16 square feet, five pre- miums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary one day in advance. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29 Thursday, July 30 CUT FLOV/ERS.— No. 185. Not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ANTIRRHINUMS, snap dragon.— No. 186. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 187. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 188. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 189. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH.— No. 190. Any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY.— No. 191. Wachusett, one quart, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. — No. 193. Any variety named, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 194. Marrow; three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 195. Summer, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 196. Any variety named, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN.— No. 197. Twelve ears, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31 Thursday, August 6 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 198. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 199. Twenty vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 200. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL (NAMED). — No. 201. Twelve vases, one head in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA (NAMED). — No. 202. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE. — TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 203. Astrachan, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 204. Oldenburg, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 205. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWEL\'E SPECIMENS. — No. 206. Giffard, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEACH, TWEL\'E SPECDIENS. — No. 207. Alexander, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 208. For any other variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 209. Pved June, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. — No. 210. Dwarf Horticultural, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 211. Any other variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWEL\"E E.\RS, NOT LESS THAN TWELVE ROWS.— No. 212. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 213. Any variety named ("except- ing summer varieties), three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33 Thursday, August 13 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 214. One large vase, no restrictions, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 215. Comet, 20 vases, one bloom in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 216. Pompon, 20 vases, five flowers in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 217. Any other variety, 20 vases, one bloom in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. — No. 218. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 219. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 220. Astrachan, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 221. Williams, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 222. Golden Sweet, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 223. Clapp's Favorite, five premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEACH, TWELV^E SPECIMENS. — No. 224. Waddell, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 225. Any variety not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 226. Goddard, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 227. Pole, any variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 228. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, CROSBY. — No. 229. Twelve ears, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, T\VEL\T SPECIMENS. — No. 230. Three premium^s, 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35 Thursday, August 20 ASTERS.— No. 231. Display, no restrictions, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL.— No. 232. Twenty vases, one head in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 233. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZINNIA.— No. 234. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS, DISPLAY.— No. 235. Four premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 236. Somerset, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 237. Sour Bough, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 238. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CRAB APPLES, varieties not scheduled. — No. 239. 24 specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, twelve specimens. — No. 240. Assomption, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 241. Petite Marguerite, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. Rostiezer, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 243. Tyson, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEACH.— No. 244. Carmen, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. Cooledge, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 246. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM.— No. 247. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 248. Shell, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 249. String, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWEL\^ SPECIMENS. — No. 250, Varieties not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 251. Beaut:/, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 252. Any variety named, three spec- imens, four premimns, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATi\T.— No. 253. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 37 Thursday, August 27 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ANNUALS.— No. 254. Display, not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILIES.— No. 255. Display, four premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CANNA.— No. 256. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. — No. 257. Vase of 20 blooms, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 258. Twenty vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 259. Not to exceed 40 vases, no duplicate, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 260. Williams, four premiums, 2. 00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 261. Worcester Spy, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 263. St. Ghislain, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 264. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 265. Champion, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 266. Foster, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 267. Moore's Artie, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Bradshaw, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. McLaughlin, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 270. Washington, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 271. Gen. Hand, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 272. Imperial Gage, four premi- ums, . 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 273. Jefferson, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Burbank, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 275. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 276. HaK-peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DWARF LIMA BEANS.— No. 277. Any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, SWEET VARIETIES NOT SCHEDULED. — No. 278. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEPPER.— No. 279. Squash, 12 specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 280. Any other variety, 12 speci- mens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 39 VEGETABLES.— No. 281. Display covering 16 square feet, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify Secretary one day in advance. 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, September 3 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 282. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 283. 20 vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 284. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. — No. 285. Twenty vases, one head in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, Twelve specimens. — No. 286. Foundhng, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 287. Holden, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 288. Wealthy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, twelve specimens. — No. 289. Lucrative, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 290. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE specimens. — No. 291. Lombard, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 292. Quackinboss, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 293. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 41 No. 294. other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 295. Crawford (early), four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 296. Other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CABBAGE, ANY NAMED VARIETY. — No. 297. Three specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (NAMED). — No. 298. Six specimens, any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, LARGE LIMA, HALF-PECK. — No. 299. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES.— No. 300. Display, no restrictions, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify Secretary one day in advance. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, September 10 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 301. Not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 (BASKET), NO RESTRICTIONS. — No. 302. Four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 303. Display, no restrictions, four premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. — No. 304. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POMPON.— No. 305. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three flowers in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED.— No. 306. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 307. Gravenstein, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 308. Maiden's blush, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 309. Porter, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 310. Washington Strawberry, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 43 APPLE, CRAB.— No. 311. Hyslop, 24 specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 312. Bartlett, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 313. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 314. Oldmixon, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 315. Elberta, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 316. Seedlings, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 317. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 318. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 319. Coe's Golden Drop, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. — No. 320. Green Mountain, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 321. Moore's, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 322. Green Flesh, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 323. Yellow Flesh, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 324. Water, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 325. Any variet,y, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 EGG PLANT.— No. 326. Three specimens, four premi- miums, 2,00 1.50 1.00 .50 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 327. Red, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 328. Savoy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 329. Three specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 330. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 45 Thursday, September 17 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 331. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 332. Round basket, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 333. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three flowers in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— No. 334. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed six flowers in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 335. Not to exceed 50 vases, one flower in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 336. One vase, seedUngs, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 337. American Beauty, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 338. Lyscom, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 339. Mother, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 340. Twenty-ounce, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 341. Louise Bonne de Jersey, three premiums, ' 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Superfin, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 343. Urbaniste, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 344. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 345. Display, no restrictions, four premiums, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 346. Crosby, four premiums, No. 347. Crawford (late), four premi ums, No. 348. Stump the World, three pre miums, PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 349. Satsuma, four premiums. No. 350. Pond's Seedling, three premi ums, VEGETABLE.— No. 351. POTATO, six varieties (named). — Twelve specimens of each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, three specimens. — No. 352. Essex Hybird, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 353. Warren, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 354. Golden Hubbard, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 355. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used in prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 356. Paris Golden, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. ' 47 No. 357. Other varieties, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 358. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, September 24 This Exhibition will be open to the public from 3 until- 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 359. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 COSMOS.— No. 360. Display, one large vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CELOSIA.— No. 361. Display in vases, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 362. Coggswell, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 363. Hubbarsdon, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 364. Sheppard's Sweet, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 365. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 366. Seckel, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 367. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS.— No. 368. Brighton, three premxiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 369. Campbell, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 370. Lindley, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 49 No. 371. Massasoit, three premiums, No. 372. Worden, four premiums, No. 373. Concord, four premiums, No. 374. Delaware, three premiums, No. 375. Niagara, four premiums. No. 376. PockHngton, three premiums. No. 377. Moore's Diamond, three pre- 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 378. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWEL\^ SPECIMENS. — No. 380. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 381. Not to exceed 16 square ft., four premiums, 10.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 VEGETABLES.— No. 382. Collection not to exceed 25 varieties, five premiums, 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 379. Orange, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Thursday, October 8 This exhibition will be open to the public from 12.30 until 9 p. m. All articles for this Exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 11 o'clock a. m. Dinner will be served in the Banquet Hall at 12.30. Tickets 50 cents. Followed by short addresses. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 383. Not to exceed 20 vases, no restrictions, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 384. Cut flowers in any form, $25.00 may be awarded. CHRYSANTHEMUM.— No. 385. Four vases, six blooms in each, four premiums, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 APPLE.— No. 386. One box apples, Mcintosh, in standard box, five pre- miums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ANY OTHER VARIETY THAN MC INTOSH. — No. 387. One box, five premiiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 388. Baldwins, twelve specimens, eight premiums, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 389. Beimower, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 390. Leicester Sweet, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 51 No. 391. Sutton Beauty, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 392. Tompkins King, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 393. Fallawater, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 394. Peck's, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. Pound Sweet, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 396. R. I. Greenings, five premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 397. Mcintosh, six premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 398. Northern Spy, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 399. Palmer, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 400. Roxbury Russet, five premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 401. Canada Red, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 402. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 403. Sweet varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 404. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TV/ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 405. Angouleme, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 406. Clairgeau, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 407. Dana's Hovey, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 408. Langelier, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 409. Lawrence, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 410. Winter Nelis, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 No. 411. Anjou, six premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 412. Cornice, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 413. Onondaga, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 414. Bosc, six premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 415. Sheldon, six premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 416. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 417. Collection of not less than five varieties three clusters each, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 418. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE . SPECIMENS. — No. 419. Any variety, nam^ed, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE.— No. 420. Champion, four premiums, 2.00 1,50 1.00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 421. Half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 422. Three specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, Three specimens. — No. 423. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 424. Boston market, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 53 No. 425. Giant Pascal, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 426. Golden, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 427. .Any varieties, not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ENDIVE.— No. 428. Six specimens, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LEEKS, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 429. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 430. Red Globe, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 431. Yellow Globe, Dan vers, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 432. White, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 433. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 434. Hollow Crown, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 435. Any other variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 436. Half peck, four premium.s, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PUMPKIN.— No. 437. Sweet, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SALSIFY.— No. 438. Twelve specimens, three pre- miums. 1.50 1.00 .50 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 SQUASH.— No. 439. Hubbard, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 440. Bay State, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 441. Purple Top Globe, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 442. White Egg, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 443. White Swede, six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 444. Yellow Swede, six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN.— No. 445. Field Corn, of 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting Wed., Dec. 2nd, 1914. Premiums payable on and after Tuesday, Dec. 15th, 1914. 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 55 Thursday, and Friday November 5 and 6 All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 12 o'clock Thursday. Open to the public from 1 until 9 p. m. on Thursday, from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. on Friday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS — No. 446. Twelve blooms, named, in vases, three premiums, $8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 447. Six blooms, named, in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 448. Best bloom, three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 449. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, white, of one named variety, three premium.s, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 450. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, pink, of one named variety, three premiums, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 451. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, yellow, of one named va- riety, three premiums, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 452. Vase of six blooms, long stems, red, of one named variety, three premiumxs, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 453. Vase of 20 blooms, mixed col- ors, three premiums, 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 454. Pompons, display in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 455. Single varieties, display in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 456. Specimen plants $30.00 in prizes. I 56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS. No. 457. $85.00 may be awarded. Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, Nov. 2. No. 458. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — fifty dollars may be used for prizes. SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 459. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibi- tors may elect, five premi- ums, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 No. 460. Fancy Basket of Apples ,three premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES, WILLIAM FAMES FUND. A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSETS. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 1914] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 57 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. Mcintosh. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County under 14 years old Exhibition to be held Friday August 28th, 1914 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Mass, THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS Printers 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1914 Children's Show. August 28. For best displays of flowers in vases $50.00 may be awarded. For best display of vegetables $50.00 may be used. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under fourteen years old. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child in every way from the time of planting the seed to the gathering of the crop. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the judges by 2.15 o'clock p. m. Exhibitions will close at 4,30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of each exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables, will be furnished by the Horticul- tural Society. For further information apply to LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Secretary. ransactions of the Worcester County orticultural Society Reports of the Officers ror the Year Ending December 1, 1915 And tlie Annual Meeting of 1916 Worcester, Mass. THE DAVIS PRESS 25 Foster Street 1916 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society FOR THE YEAR 1916 President ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN, of Worcester. VICE-PRESIDENTS CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester; LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro; FREDERICK H. CHAMBERLAIN, of Worcester. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, I Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. LIBRARIAN Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen, David L. Fiske. Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, Herbert A. Cook, Fred J. Reed, Mrs. J. Frank Record, William McAllister, William Anderson, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Edward W. Breed, Mrs. Olive G. Davidson, Walter D. Ross, James E. Draper, Auburn Grafton Leicester Leominster Millbury Shrewsbury West Boylston Whitinsville S. Lancaster Worcester Clinton Worcester AUyne W. Hixon, Simon E. Fisher, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Ben M. Chamberlain, Louis J. Kendall, Frank J. Kinney, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George Calvin Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Charles W. Wood, Worcester Holden Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, 1916, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1917, Leonard C. Midgley, 1918. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman. Arthur J. Marble, H. Ward Moore, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, President, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. AUDITORS Benjamin C. Jaques, H. Ward Moore. JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: William Nicholson, Framingham. Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury. Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood, Worcester. Herbert R. Kinney. George Calvin Rice", Simon E. Fisher, Leonard C. Midgley, Albert H. Lange, Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, President, Arthur E. Hartshorn, MEDAL COMMITTEE Herbert A. Cook, ON WINTER MEETINGS Arthur J. Marble, Leonard C. Midgley. Walter D. Ross. Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Contents Annual Report for the Year 1915 Report of President ......... 5 Report of Secretary . . . . . . . . .7 Report of Librarian ......... 12 Report of Treasurer ......... 16 Report of Auditors ......... 18 Report of Finance Committee ....... 18 Report of Committee of Arrangements and Exhibition . . .19 Report of Judge of Flowers and Plants . . . . .20 Report of Judge of Fruit ........ 22 Report of Judge of Vegetables ....... 23 Report of Medal Committee ....... 24 Report of Winter Meetings ....... 24 Annual Meeting for 1915-1916 . . . . . . .25 Proposed New By-Laws ........ 27 Lectures — Trees and Shrubs — By Mr. Arthur Herrington, Madison, N. J. . 28 Uniform Fruit Legislation for New England —By Dr. G. M. Twitchell, Maine 34 Ladies' Day — Program by the Cadman Concert Company . 39 The History, Culture and Uses of the Gladiolus — By B. Hammond Tracy, Wenham, Mass 40 Mexico — By Prof. Leslie C. Wells, Worcester, Mass. . . .45 Home Vegetable Garden — By William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass. 50 The Garden and Deserts of Southern California — By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. 55 Annual Reunion .......... 62 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For tKe Year Ending December 1, 1915, and tke Annual Meeting of 1916 President's Report The year which has just closed has been an eventful one in many- ways. We have lost several of our prominent members, conspicuous among them being — Mr. John C. Maclnnes, who was always loyal in his support and a true friend of the society; Rev. R. J. Floody, whose work among the boys in the children's garden will ever be a monument to his interest in the welfare of the young; Mr. Asa W. Ward, one of our exhibitors for many years; Mr. Charles T. Foster, who will be particularly missed in our library, as he was our most constant patron; Wm. T. Harlow, who was one of our oldest members. Fourteen new members have joined our ranks. In our winter meetings a variety of subjects were handled by specialists, who presented matters in a practical and interesting manner. The Library has had several accessions of value during the year and the books are all worthy of your careful perusal. The exhibitions have been uniformly good. The displays of fruit and vegetables have greatly increased. Those of September 23d, I think, have never been excelled in our hall. The floral exhibitions have been equally good, starting out with the Dutch garden and continuing through the year with the flowers of the season. The displays of Gladioli were undoubtedly the largest and finest ever shown in our hall. The table decorations are also worthy of our attention as they have proved an attractive feature. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 The increasing attendance at our evening exhibitions shows that they are deservedly popular. I will repeat the suggestion which I made last year relative to the awarding of medals for large exhibits instead of money prizes. One each for flowers, fruits, and vegetables might be given. It would add greatly to the general appearance of our exhibitions, as well as aid the committee, if exhibitors would notify the secre- tary of their entries in advance, either by postal or telephone. This would afford an opportunity to make ample provision. During the season several certificates of merit have been awarded to out-of-town exhibitors showing meritorious new varieties. This Society was founded on broad lines, its work has been varied, but its opportunities are greater now than ever before. Never were the people interested in a greater degree in horti- culture than they are today, the enthusiastic amateur and the professional are alike becoming more studious, striving for a higher and a better ideal. When we realize that we have so many natural advantages in this section, supplemented by good markets, there should be every ' inspiration to put forth our best efforts, that our society may con- tinue to hold the position it justly deserves. I appreciate very highly the hearty co-operation of the mem- bers of our society during the five years that I have served you as president. The attention bestowed and the kind words spoken have made the service I have rendered, a pleasure. I earnestly hope that my successor may be the recipient of equal favors and that the society's future may be resplendent in the annals of horticulture. Respectfull}^ submitted, EDWARD W. BREED Dec. 1, 1915. Report of tke Secretary Mr. President, and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Another year has passed, and again it is my privilege to present to you m}' annual report. The past season will long be remembered for the unusually large amount of rainfall during July and August. While the flowers were not much affected by it, the fruit, during the first part of the season, and especiall}^ the vegetables, suffered from so much rain. .And just here, I would say that the fruit and vegetable exhibits should be made larger by getting more exhibitors interested in these classes, especially the vegetables. We have had some very fine shows this year; of course, the Spring show in March, with the Dutch Garden the principal feature; the Fall show of fruit and vegetables in October, and the chrysanthemum show of November, being the best. I Avould mention the Gladioli show of August 12, which w^as very fine. We were favored in having a large and beautiful exhibit of Gladioli from the gardens of Mr. Charles F. Fairbanks of Milton, which were the admiration of every one. The special displays of fruits and vegetables are deserving of much praise, both in the artistic arrangement and quality shown. The attendance at our shows has increased, and it is very gratifying to see so many people take advantage of those opened in the evening. Your Committee on Winter Meetings had a very interesting course of lectures, but am sorr}^ to say they were not as well attended as they should have been, at least one third less than last year. We have given, this year, tAvo silver medals for new varieties of Gladioli, and nine certificates of merit for meritorious exhibits of Dahlias, Gladioli and Carnations. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 We have taken in fourteen new members, and have lost by death, eighteen. The new members are as follows : Mrs. Walter D. Ross, Miss Mary Louise Hawkins, William Loynd, Clarence E. Ainsworth, Walter H. Gleason, Miss Mary F. Morse, Brayton Nichols, The deceased members are: John C. MacInnes, Mrs. Julia Woodis, James E. Esterbrook, Rev. Robert J. Floody, Charles T. Foster, Norman F. Tucker, Asa W. Ward, William H. Coughlan, Harvlin T. Gates, Palmer H. Bigelow, Aaron Goodale, George H. Rogers, Allan B. Miller, Arthur I. Hunting, Lee E. Knight, Henry D. Ainsworth. William T. Harlow, Mrs. Martha L. Holmes, Church Howe, Mrs. Sarah A. Parker, S. Payson Perry, Mrs. Malinda A. Stiles, Miss Ella H. Ward, Mrs. Thomas Ward, Edward W. Vaill. business to come before the There has been very little new Society this year. Report of Trustees and other meetings in full, will be found in the book of Transactions for 1915. DECEMBER 9th, 1914 The first meeting of Trustees, after the annual election, was held to elect committees for the ensuing year. President Breed pre- sided with twenty-five members present. The following were elected : On Library and Publications: Edward W. Breed, chairman; Leonard C. Midgley, Arthur J. Marble, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Lucy M. Coulson, Ubrarian. On Nomenclature: Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Herbert R. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, George C. Rice, William Anderson. 1915] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 On Arrangement and Exhibitions: Herbert R. Kinney, chairman; Simon E. Fisher, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Arthur J. Marble, WiUiam J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, H. Ward Moore, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, President Edward W. Breed and Secretary Leonard C. Midgley. Auditors: H. Ward Moore and Benjamin C. Jaques. Judges: Fruit, Herbert A. Cook; Vegetables, Charles Green- wood; Flowers, William Anderson. Medal Committee: Edward W. Breed, Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange. On Winter Meetings: Edward W. Breed, chairman; Arthur J. Marble, Walter D. Ross, Joseph K. Greene and Leonard C. Midgley. Appropriations for 1915: flowers, $1,200.00; fruit, $1,000.00; vegetables, $650.00; children's show, $100.00; winter meetings, $500.00; library, $300.00; secretary, $500.00; librarian, $600.00; treasurer, $150.00; judges, $150.00. Burt W. Greenwood made a motion that $100.00 be appropriated for periodicals; so voted. Walter D. Ross moved that the same be expended by the Com- mittee on Library and Publications; so voted. Charles W. Wood spoke of spending the income of the Dewey Fund more freely ; thought it should not be allowed to accumulate as it has. Joseph K. Greene made a motion that an appropriation of $104.16 be made to cover salaries for November; so voted. Meeting adjourned at 11.15 a. m. DECEMBER 12th, 1914 The Committee on Arrangement and Exhibitions held a meet- ing to arrange schedule for 1915. It was voted to change Rule E. ''No person shall make more than one entry or be awarded more than one premium, under the same number." Voted to change Rule 15. ''AH premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society." 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 Voted to have March Show open two days, March 4th and 5th. Voted to combine the shows of June 11th and June 17th, also July 1st and July 8th. It was voted that William Anderson prepare a definition of Blooms, Clusters, Sprays or Spikes the same to be inserted in the schedule. JANUARY 7th, 1915 A special meeting of the Trustees was called at the request of J. Lewis Ellsworth and others, to see if the Society would be in favor of making an appropriation to help defray expense of an expert to teach Worcester County children the art of agriculture and floriculture. This meeting was called to order by President Edward W. Breed with eighteen present. After some discussion, it was voted that the chair appoint a committee of three to look up the matter with Charles H. White and the School Committee. The President appointed Arthur J. Marble, Charles Greenwood and Herbert R. Kinney, they to report later. FEBRUARY 4th, 1915 A meeting of Trustees was held to hear and act on the report of committee appointed at the special meeting held January" 7th. The committee reported as follows: To THE Trustees of Worcester County Horticultural Society : Your committee at a special meeting of Trustees, held January 7th to consider the question of an appropriation for salaried officer of the Society, to act with the Farm Bureau at Worcester, in its farm and instruction work, have attended to its duty, have had a conference with Charles H. White, manager of the bureau, and attended a conference with the Superintendent of Schools, and after a careful consideration, we find on reading our by-laws that no authority is given the board of trustees by article No. 10, while it is stated in article No. 12 that all appropriations for compensation of officers shall be voted annually; we have also learned from the 1915] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 Finance Committee that there are not, at present, funds in sight available for such a purpose if we should vote to try it. Therefore we respectfully report that it is inexpedient to act at this time. Arthur J. Marble, Charles Greenwood, Herbert R. Kinney, Committee. After the question had been ably discussed by different members, the report was voted accepted. It was moved and seconded that the Society donate $50.00 to Worcester Farm Bureau to help carry on its work; so voted. MARCH 30th, 1915 Trustees' meeting was called, with twelve members present. Vice-President Greenwood presided; as there was no business to transact, it was voted adjourned. JUNE 17th, 1915 A meeting of Trustees called, but there not being a quorum, those present were dismissed by President Edward W. Breed. No meeting called for Trustees in September. Respectfully submitted, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Secretary. Horticultural Hall, Dec. 1, 1915. Librarian s Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Your Librarian submits herewith her annual report. There have been no radical changes in our library during the past year. The ''Encyclopaedia Britannica" and the "Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture" have been procured by the Library Committee and have already been of much service to our patrons. The donation of ''The Cherries of New York," by Prof. U. P. Hedrick, is now available. This contribution is the fourth mono- graph on the fruits of New York State. The most valuable periodicals have been bound in convenient form for reference. About the usual number of members have consulted the vari- ous books and periodicals. The absence of one of our most interested readers, Mr. Charles T. Foster, is keenly felt. The number of volumes, owned by the Society has been pub- lished heretofore as about 2,500; according to a recount recently made, the number of volumes now owned is 3,665. The additions to the library during the year just closed, by purchase or by gift, will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin, Nos. 245, 257, 278-279. Washington D. C. Yearbook, 1913, 1914. Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, 1913, 1914, Circular 24, 34, 35-39, 41, 42, 45, 47, 48. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 1, No. 1. American Pomogolist, Bulletin No. 9, 10. Third Inaugural Address of Hon. George M. Wright, 1915. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 26-31, 146, 151-153. Press Bulletin, No. 45. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 159. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Convention of the Society of American Flor- ists and Ornamental Horticulturists. Monthly List of Publications, January to November, 1915. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication No. 179, Botanical Series, Publication No. 181, Report Series. Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Part II, 1914. 1915] REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN 13 Farmers' Bulletin, 645. Arnold Arboretum, Bulletin 1-17, 1915, New Series. Fifty-fifth Annual Report of the Directors of the Free Public Library. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. XL, Part 3, 1915. American Civic Association. Worcester Parks Commissioners Report, 1914-1915. Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Trustees of PubUc Reservation, 1914. Garden and Farm Almanac, 1915. Massachusetts Bulletin for Farm Women. Vertical Farming, by Gilbert E. Bailey. Du Pont Farmers' Handbook. The Cherries of New York, donated by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. The Encyclopaedia Britannica. A Book about Sweet Peas, by Walter P. Wright. Curtis' Botanical Magazine, Vol. V, 1914. The Soil, by F. A. King. The Rose Annual, 1913-1914-1915. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in British Isles, by W. J. Bean. Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey. Productive Vegetable Growing, by John W. Lloyd. Productive Orcharding, by Prof. Fred C. Sears. Gardeners' and Florists' Annual, 1915. Sweet Peas for Profit, by J. Harrison Dick. The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Growing, by George C. Thomas, Jr. The American Florist Company's Directory, 1914. Bailey's Nursery Book. Continuous Blooms in America, by Louise Shelton. Sweet Pea Annual, 1915. Worcester Telegram. Evening Gazette. Evening Post. Weekly Guide. Worcester City Directory, 1915. Publications and Periodicals: New England Homestead. The Rural New Yorker. The Farm Journal. / The Country Gentleman. The National Grange Monthly. The Worcester Magazine. Country Life in America. The Countryside Magazine. House and Garden. The Garden Magazine. Florists' Exchange. Florists' Review. American Florist. Horticulture. Gardening. Park and Cemetery. The Guide to Nature. The American City. Rhodora. Orchid Review. The Craftsman. Garden. Gardening. Gardeners' Chronicle. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 American Catalogues: Aurora Nurseries J. K. Alexander, Dahlias. American Nursery Company. American Forestry Company. Ames Implement and Seed Company. Andorra Nurseries. H. F. Burt. Clark W. Brown, Gladioli and Dah- lias. D. V. Burrell, Seed Grower. Burnett Brothers, Seedmen. Biltmore Nursery. Breck-Robinson Nursery. Bobbink and Atkins Nurseries. Boddington's Garden Guide. Bay State Nurseries. Burpee's Annual. Burbank Seed Book. J. Murray Bassett, Dahlias. Wilbur A. Christy, Gladioh. Chamberlain & Gage, Gladioh. Arthur Cowee, Gladioli. Cushman Gladioli Company. John Lewis Childs, Gladioli. Conard and Jones Company. R. Douglas' Sons. Henry A. Dreer, Garden Book. Edgar W. Ela, Dahlia Grower. Elliott Nursery. Evergreen Nursery Company. The Elm City Nursery Company. John Eddicott & Company, Dahhas. The El Paso Seed Company. Fairview Seed Farmer. Samuel Frazer. L. J. Farmer. Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Company. Henry Fi^ld Seed Company. Franken Brothers. Bertrand H. Farr, Hardy Plants. Farquhar's Garden Annual. Gillett's Hardy Fern and Flower Farm. The Good and Reese Company. Glen Brothers Nursery. Green's Nursery Company. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Seedmen. Thomas J. Grey Company. Heller Brothers Company, Rose Speciahsts. Harrison's Nurseries. Hill's Evergreen Book. Horsford's Nurseries. Peter Henderson & Company. D. V. Howell, Dahhas. Ralph E. Huntington, Flower Seeds and Bulbs. David Herbert & Son. Isbell's Seed Annual. Hiram T. Jones, Hardy Trees and Ferns. Knight & Struck Company, Seeds- men. King Brothers, Nurseries. R. M. Kellogg Company. Harlan P. Kelsey, Nursery. E. H. Krelage & Son. F. W. Kelsey Nursery Company. L'Amoreaux Nursery Company. Leesley Brothers Nurseries. J. T. Lovett. Livingston's Seed Annual. Lager & Hurrell. W. A. Manda. Thomas Meehan & Sons. McGregor Brothers Company. L. L. May & Company. The WiUiam H. Moon Company. Alfred Mitting, Berry Speciahsts. Marshalls' Bulbs and Seeds. Morse Garden Guide. Michell's Seed Book. Mills Seed Company. C. C. Morse & Company. George H. Mellen Company, Plants and Seeds. Marygold Farm, Hardy Plants. J. F. Noll & Company. Peacock Dahlia Farm. Peterson Nursery. 1915] REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN 15 A. N. Pierson, Roses. George H. Peterson, Roses. Royal Palm Nurseries. Ross Brothers Company. Frederic J. Rea. Reilly Brothers Nm-series. Raymond W. Swett, Gladioh and Dahlias. S. S. Skidelsky & Company. Elmer D. Smith & Company. The Storrs & Harrison Company. The Schmidt & Botley Company. Stump & Walter Company. W. & T. Smith & Company. Foreign Catalogues: George Bmiyard & Company. Barr's Seed Guide. H. Cannell & Sons. James Carter & Company. Cartwright & Goodwin, Bulbs, Dammann & Company, Seed Growers. Dobbie & Company. Henry Eckford. Hobbies. Kelway's Manual. Kallen & Lunnemann. C. Keur & Sons. E. H. Krelage & Son, Bulbs. V. Lemoine & Fils. Charles Lorenz. Henry Mette, Seed Growers. H. Merryweather & Sons, Nurseries. Nonne & Hoepker. Otto Putz. B. Hammond Tracy, Gladioli. Charles H. Totty, Chrysanthemums. Thorburn's Seeds. T. C. Thurlow's Sons, Nurseries. Leamon G. Tingle, Strawberries. Fred L. Tinkham, Dahhas. Mrs. L. M. Towle, Dahlias. William Tricker, Water Lilies. R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons Company. Weeber & Don. Walsh's Handbook of Roses. George H. Walker, Dahlias. L. E. WiUiams, Native Trees, Shrubs and Plants. H. Den Ouden, Nurseries. The Overveen, Bulb Trade and Nur- series. Paul & Sons, Nurseries. Ant. Roozen & Son, Bulbs. The Royal Tottenham Nurseries. Frederick Roemer, Seed Grower. Sutton's Sons, Seeds. Jacs Smits & Company. Soupert' Netting, Roses. J. C. Schmidt. James Stredwick & Son Van der Weijden & Company. Heirich Wrede, Pansy Specialist. Anthony Waterer, Nursery. Webb & Sons. R. Wallace & Company, Nurseries. Thomas S. Ware, Begonias. The Yokohama Nursery. Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON Horticultural Hall, November 30, 1915. Treasurer's Report Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Financial Year Ending November 30, 1915. Statement of Receipt and Expenditures Receipts Store rent, Hall rent, Interest, Permanent Funds: Blake Fund, $15.00 Dewey Fund, 263.58 Eames Fund, 28,00 Hadwen Fund, 15.00 Membership Fees: 9 men, $45.00 3 women, 9.00 Water, Winter Meetings, banquet tickets, Expense of Exhibitions, Refund, Miscellaneous Expense Refund, Cash on hand Dec. 1, 1914, $10,000.00 1,908.00 334.98 321.58 54.00 390.21 108.75 1.06 2.19 $13,120.77 9,608.99 $22.72976 Expenditures Furnishings, Library: Book account Winter meetings. Publications, Periodicals, Premiums, Children's exhibition, Eames Fund premium, Medals, Special exhibition with State Board of Agriculture, 70.00 Expense of exhibitions, 294.38 Judges (1914 and 1915), Salaries (13 months). $263 . 58 577.45 193.00 58.75 2,749.75 73.65 28.00 30.00 $111.20 $300.00 $1,354.16 Interest, $810.00 Insurance and taxes, 2,119 . 12 Maintenance of real estate. Light, heat and water. Janitor service, Janitor's expense. Office expense. Library expense, Miscellaneous expense. Donation, Cash on hand Nov. 30, 1915: Marlboro Savings Bank, $1,319 . 38 Clinton Savings Bank, 1,384.69 Worcester County Institution for Savings, 1,415.83 Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank. 1.286.16 Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank, 1.338.58 Worcester Trust Co.. 3,491 . 09 $4,338.56 $1,654.16 2,929.12 $491.98 1,435.43 937.59 124.66 195.22 13.56 230.55 50.00 $12,512.03 $10,217.73 $22,729.76 1915] REPORT OF THE TREASURER 17 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Memberships, Publications, unexpended balance of appropriation, Children's exhibition, unexpended balance of appropriation, Periodicals appropriation, unexpended balance of. Winter Meetings, appropriation, unex- pended balance of. Income from permanent funds. Hall rent. Store rent. $54 00 $107 00 26 35 41 25 31 30 321 58 1,908 00 10,000 00 $12,489.48 Losses Appropriations from income, Insurance and taxes, Library expense, Eames Fund premiums, Blake medals, Hadwen medals. Depreciation, Interest, Light, heat and water. Expense of exhibitions. Janitor service. Janitor's expense. Maintenance of real estate. Office expense. Miscellaneous expense. Premiums appropriated, awarded Special exhibition. Donation, Judges, Net gain to surplus, $5,354.16 2,119.12 13.56 28.00 15.00 15.00 378.65 475.02 1.045.22 293 . 32 937 . 59 124.66 491.98 195.22 228.36 in excess, 36 .00 70.00 .50.00 150.00 $12,020.86 468 . 62 $12,489.48 Statement of Resources and Liabilities Resources Deposits in Savings Banks: (Investment of permanent funds), Fitchburg Savings Bank, SI, 150. 73 Peoples Savings Bank, 1,213 . 56 Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank, 621.00 Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank, 1,293.57 Real estate. Furnishings, Library, Cash, $4,278.80 120,000.00 6,500.00 3,147.94 10,217.7:^ $144,144.53 L1.A.BILITIES Blake Fund, principal, " income, Dewey Fund, principal, " " income, Eames Fund, principal, " " income, Hadwen Fund, principal, income, Mortgage loan. Premiums awarded. Surplus Dec. 1, 1914, Net gain 1915, $1,000.00 150.73 1,000.00 293 . 57 500.00 121.00 1,000.00 213.56 118,511.05 468 . 62 $4,278.86 18,000.00 2,886.00 118,979.67 $144,144.53 Respectfully submitted, BURT W. GREENWOOD, Treasurer. Report of tlie Auditors Worcester, November 30, 1915. We, the undersigned auditors of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society have examined the accounts of the treasurer of the Society and find them correct and the balances properly de- posited. H. WARD MOORE, BENJ. C. JACQUES. Report of Finance Committee Meetings have been held every month to approve bills which, fortunately, have not been as large as some previous years, as the receipts for rent of the hall have been considerably less, there having been no income from moving pictures. During the summer a new floor has been laid in the Woolworth store, as the old one was in bad condition, and a steel door has been installed at the rear of the building for the elevator. The Worcester Grange desired a lease for a term of years. Your committee, deeming it unwise to do so, had a conference with the executive committee of the Grange and gave a lease for no definite period, at a slightly increased rental. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN, Chairman. Report of Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions In our schedule of premiums for the past season we consolidated some exhibitions and called for more of them open in the evening. This makes more trouble and expense for the exhibitors, especially the florists, but the attendance has, I think, been such as to call your attention especially to them. In preparing the schedule for future evening exhibitions it would seem to your committee there should be more attention paid to calling for exhibits that would be particularly attractive in the evening. The change that the officers and committee have been gradually introducing, of putting in more premiums where the exhibitors were allowed to use their own taste in arranging, has added to the attractiveness of our exhibitions. There is no better way to determine the comparative merit of exhibits than that which this Society has followed for many years. That is to have the same number of specimens in each exhibit in a class, and arranged as nearly alike as possible, but to carry this plan through a whole exhibition does not make as pleasing a dis- play as where the lines are not so hard. We believe that the ideal exhibition is one where the practical and artistic meet without clashing. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT R. KINNEY, Chairman. Report of Judge of Flowers and Plants The exhibition season opened with the spring show of March 4th. The quality of plants and flowers was good, although there was very little competition. The Dutch Garden, arranged and exhibited by President E. W. Breed and Albert H. Lange, was the feature of this show and attracted much attention. May 13, classes were poorly filled and quality of plants and flowers not up to the average. The June shows were notable for the fine displays of German Iris, Peonies, Roses, Campanula and Delphinium. The July shows were good, competition strong — very fine Delphiniums, L. Candidum, Japanese Iris, Sweet Peas, Hollyhocks, Tuberous rooted Begonias, and Wild Flowers. The table decora- tions of Sweet Peas were also good . . On August 12th, Charles F. Fairbanks of Milton, put up an exhibit of Gladiolus, which was probably the finest display of this gorgeous flower ever seen in Worcester. The collection included seventy named varieties, also a table of thirty vases of unnamed seedlings. The new and distinct Gladiolus Primulinus, said to be a native of South Africa, was also in this collection. It may be interesting to know just what today are considered the best varieties for exhibition purposes, so I give the names of twelve of the best, in this collection: Majestic, Marie de Rayter, Peerless Pink, Pride of Lancaster, Challenger, Mrs. Watt, White Ivory, Orange Glory, Snowbank, Liebesfeur, Loveliness, and Sen- ator VoUand. The following week, on August 19th, was the regular Gladiolus Show. There were some fine exhibits and competition was strong. In addition to these, there were two displays of Gladiolus not for competition, one from R. W. Swett of Weston, and one from Miss Louise Hawkins of Lancaster. At this date some of the best varieties were: Daisy Rand, Dawn, Empress of India, Europe, Le Triumph, and Rajah. 1915] REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF FLOWERS 21 On August 26th, splendid Asters were shown. Wild flowers were also an interesting feature of this show. In September there were fine displays of Begonias, Phlox, Dahl- ias, Gloxinias, and other seasonable flowers. The October exhibition was good. There were special exhibits of Chrysanthemums, Dahlias, Aconetum, and Begonias of good quality. The Chrysanthemum Show in November compared favorably with any held in recent years. Classes for cut flowers and table decorations were well filled, and competition strong. Fine exhibits were also put up by Worcester florists. The exhibitions during the past season as a whole were very successful, but it is true that at some of the best shows the hall was closed at 4.30 p. m. This, in my opinion, is a mistake. More of the shows should be kept open until 9 o'clock. Another suggestion I desire to make is that in all classes calling for displays of cut flowers, tables uniform in shape and size should be provided. WILLIAM ANDERSON, Judge of Plants and Flowers. Report of Judge of Fruit The season of 1914 may be classed as an unusual one in many- respects . During the month of March there was not enough precipitation to be measured, and the drought continued through April and May. By the first of May the season was ten days ahead; the first of June it was normal, and July found us ten days behind, with the greatest rainfall Worcester county has had for a hundred years. All this has had its effect on fruit crops, and has influenced the quality and quantity of the exhibits. Strawberries were late in ripening, but the rains carried out the crop in fine condition, giving us an excellent display on July eighth. Raspberries, currants and blackberries were all helped by the timely rains, making exhibits of a high standard. Peaches were extensively sho^n and were of a high quality. This year forty-four premiums were awarded for peaches; last year the crop was practically a failure, with only one exhibit. Pears were extra good and made a fine show. The season was exceptionally favorable for apples, the abundant rains giving size, and the hot weather in September deepening the color. The apple exhibits were notable for size and beauty. The premiums and prizes were awarded as follows: Strawberries 28, raspberries 12, currants 22, cherries 26, goose- berries 8, blackberries 7, plums 62, peaches 44, grapes 49, quinces 9, pears 103, apples 248, display of fruits 5, English walnuts 1, making a total of 624 premiums and prizes awarded, 53 more than last year. HERBERT A. COOK, Judge. Report of tke Judge of Vegetables for 1915 Owing to unfavorable conditions, many of the schedules did not fill at the time called, but on the whole the exhibitions have been creditable and many of them have been of unusual merit. The early part of the season was very unfavorable for sweet corn, and the early calls had but one or two entries, but later on there was a good showing. Potatoes were of fine quality, and the different calls for cabbages and squashes brought out specimens of the finest type. A notable exhibit of squashes was by Alden Sears, the veteran grower of vegetables and our oldest member, who had a collection of five or six varieties at the October show, all of which were of the blue ribbon kind. The early tomatoes from the greenhouses were as fine as nature and art could produce, while the later ones from the fields were of fine quality, the display of September 2d being especially attractive. As usual, the collections of vegetables September 23d and the October show were the best, the call for collections bringing out unusual competition. At the October show the exhibits of turnips and celery were far below the average in quantity and quality, the poor showing of celery being due to the blight which was unusually prevalent and destructive. This is the most serious condition the celery grower has to contend with and one, the cause of which there are various theories, but as yet no satis- factory preventive or cure. The blight the past season, being so widespread, it would seem to have been caused by weather con- ditions, and my theory is that the unusual amount of rain during July and early August caused a rapid and tender growi^h and kept the roots near the surface, and the lack of rain later in the season checked the growth and caused an unhealthy condition. The special exhibits in various departments have been very attractive and added much to the exhibitions and should be con- tinued, but should not curtail the regular schedule which is an encouragement to the amateur grower. Respectfully submitted, CHAS. GREENWOOD, Judge. Report of Medal Committee Decemper 1, 1915. The committee, on August 12th, awarded to Mr. Charles Francis Fairbanks of Milton a Blake Medal for Gladioli seedlings, also to the same person a Hadwen Medal for display of Gladioli in named varieties. Respectfully submitted, E. W. BREED, H. A. COOK. Report of the Committee on Winter Meetings The Committee on Winter Meetings provided the usual variety of topics which were ably presented. On January 7th, Mr. Arthur Herrington of Madison, N. J. gave an illustrated lecture on Trees and Shrubs. On January 14th, Dr. G. M. Twichell of Maine lectured on Uniform Fruit Legislature for New England. January 28th was Ladies' Day and consisted of Music by The Cadman Trio, with Mrs. Bertha Griswold Denny as soloist. February 4th Mr. B. Hammond Tracy of Wenham, Mass. gave an illustrated lecture on The Histor}^, Culture and Uses of the Gladiolus. On Februar}^ 11th, Prof. Leslie C. Wells lectured on Mexico which he illustrated. February 18th Mr. William N. Craig, of Brookline, Mass., lectured on The Vegetable Garden. February 25th Mr. Herbert W. Gleason of Boston, Mass. gave an illustrated lecture on The Garden and Deserts of Southern California. March 10th concluded with the annual reunion and dinner. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD W. BREED, Chairman. Annual Meeting The annual meeting of December 1st, 1915 was held in Horti- cultural Hall, with one hundred and fifty members present. The meeting was called to order by President Edward W. Breed. The Secretary read report of last annual meeting, also his report for the year, which was voted accepted. The Librarian and Treasurer's reports were read and voted accepted. Arthur E. Hartshorn read report for the Finance Committee; voted accepted. The following Committees read reports: Herbert R. Kinney for Committee on Arrangement. Edward W. Breed, Winter Meetings. Edward W. Breed, Medal Committee. William Anderson, Judge on Flowers. Herbert A. Cook, Judge on Fruits. Charles Greenwood, Judge on Vegetables. The above reports were all voted accepted. President Edward W. Breed then gave his address; voted accepted. The Society then proceeded to elect officers for the year 1916. Joseph K. Greene and William J. Wheeler were selected tellers. Arthur J. Marble and Arthur E. Hartshorn were nominated for President. One hundred twenty-nine votes cast; necessary for choice 65. Arthur J. Marble received 39, Arthur E. Hartshorn 90. President Edward W. Breed selected H. Ward Moore, G. Calvin Rice and William Anderson a committee of three to retire and bring in a list of three vice-presidents and thirty trustees. Reported as follows: for vice-presidents, Charles Greenwood, Leonard C. Midgley and Frederick H. Chamberlain. The same hst of trustees, with the exception of Edward W. Breed in place of Frederick H. Chamberlain. 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 H. Ward Moore was nominated for secretary. Number of votes cast, 123; necessary for choice 62. Herbert R. Kinney received 85, H. Ward Moore 38. Lucy M. Coulson, librarian. Burt W. Greenwood, treasurer. One ballot cast for each by Secretary. Leonard C. Midgley re-elected on Finance Committee by one ballot being cast for same. Arthur E. Hartshorn thought $5,500 should be the appropria- tion for 1916; so voted. It was moved and seconded that $36,00 be appropriated to award premiums which were in excess of 1915 appropriations; unanimous vote. Ernest Adshead made a motion that the retiring President and Secretary have a vote of thanks. This was seconded and so voted. President Edward W. Breed brought a new motion before the Society; to see if it would elect a nominating committee, this to be a new by-law of the Society. Many expressions were heard in regard to this by these members : Henry B. Watts, Ernest Adshead, Edwin P. Curtis, Elliott Moore, Mrs. Edward W. Breed, Charles Greenwood, Joseph K. Greene, Charles W. Wood, and Edward A. Waters. Myron F. Converse made a motion that was seconded to have this laid on the table for the next annual meeting. It was so voted. A letter from Prof. William P. Brooks of Massachusetts Agri- cultural College was read, asking for a representative from our Society. It was voted to bring this up at the Trustees meeting of December 8th, 1915. Respectfully submitted, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Secretary. Proposed New By-Laws By Edward W. Breed, to be brought up at Annual Meeting 1916. Nominating Committee. (1) There shall be chosen at the Annual Meeting of the Society a nominating committee of three (3), one member thereof to be elected every year, to hold office for the term of three years. Said committee shall nominate at least twice the number of candi- dates required to fill each ofiice of the Society, except trustees. Said committee shall file such nominations with the secretary at least one month before the annual meeting. The Secretary shall, immediately on receiving such nominations post the same in some pubhc place in the Society's building. (2) Nominations for any office, in addition to those made by the Nominating committee, may be made, by papers signed by fifteen or more members of the Society, and deposited with the Secretary at least two weeks before the Annual IVIeeting. The Secretar\'- shall, immediatelj^ on receiving such nominations, post the same in some public place in the Society's building. 1 rees and ru OS Mr. Arthur Herrixgtox, Madison, Xew Jersey January 7, 1915. "It is my privilege to again bring you the greetings of the new year, and I hope the one upon which we have entered viiW be a prosperous one for us in our work. We hope the lectures will prove, not onl}^ interesting, but instructive. We have endeavored to procure some of the best speakers that could be found, and we know that you \\411 be weU repaid in attending these lectures. ''The opening lecture toda}' is by ^Ir. Arthur Herrington of Madison, New Jersey, a gentleman of wide experience and national reputation regarding the topic which he is to take up, and it gives me great pleasure at this time to present to you Mr. Arthur Her- rington of ^ladison, Xew Jersey." Ladies and Gentlemen: The subject assigned to me this afternoon is a very compre- hensive one, and I could not do justice to it in one afternoon's lecture. But I can perhaps tell you something that will be both practical and helpful. First. I vriW give you a few preliminary' remarks upon tree planting, explaining and emphasizing some of our more recent methods of planting trees. Go west, and travel through treeless land, and then you learn to appreciate the value of trees. Tree planting is not a hazardous undertaking, but the work should be performed by one who understands tree gro"v\'th. The strong, ^4gorous tree has two parts, the visible part of stem and branch, and the root sj'stem. The Tkinsplanting of a Tree. The one governing factor is root condition. The future life and growth of the tree are entirely contingent upon the quantity and cjuality of the roots. If the roots are destroyed, no amount of care can offset the evil effects that must follow. Therefore, 1915] TREES AND SHRUBS 29 when a tree is to be transplanted, you should preserve from need- less evil every root. The important roots of a tree have an underground spread in excess of the zone of the spread of its branches. The proper way to dig such a tree is to strike a circle of approximately its branch spread, and open a trench. Then continue to dig, and tie up all the roots. The belief that a large tree must have a great ball of earth taken with it, to insure its future success, is an old fallacy, a delusion and a snare. Planting a tree is a very simple operation. The hole should be wide and shallow, and only deep enough to let the tree be set at the same depth it was before. If the sub-soil is hard and poor it may be removed and good soil substituted. A tree does not require a deep pit, and in the case of very large trees, the pit should be saucer-shaped. The roots should be covered with good soil, using water freely to produce good contact between roots and soil. A good covering of soil over the roots is desirable, but should be of rich light ma- terial, instead of heavy soil. When a tree is transplanted, the branches may be thinned out. In large trees, one third of the branch growth can be removed without changing its form or spoiling its appearance. Too much leafage may exhaust the tree's vitality before the season's growth is complete. The advantage of fall planting is that the ground still retains some of the summer heat, and trees often form some root fibres immediately. There are some exceptions to this rule, sweet gum and magnolias being trees that must always be planted in the spring. Evergreens are best planted in the spring, in the month of May. The ball of earth now becomes an important factor. Ever- green trees are rarely widespread. The scope of their root system is a limited one, and can be dug up and sustained with a ball of earth if one is suitably equipped for the work. It is desirable to avoid a severe disturbance of the root system, or the tree may dry up and die. It is not practical to prune evergreens. Shrub Planting. Is it not worth while to plant the best shrubs for their own sake with special regard to their fitness for beautifying the garden? 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 In some gardens these shrubs have been freely planted. Some pruning is necessary, but in every case, and in any condition, it is wrong to prune the majority of flowering shrubs in winter. The time to prune all shrubs is immediately after flowering. But there are a few exceptions: hydrangeas, for instance, which should be winter pruned, because growth precedes flowering in one season. The first picture shows an American elm, the Lancaster elm. The elms, as you know, are dying out in many towns, and particu- larly in some of the larger cities. Modern conditions in cities do not allow the elm to get sufficient moisture at the roots. The soft maple is one of the least desirable of trees. It grows in the forest to very great size, with a long, strong, straight stem. The early flowering of the tree and its foliage are the first indica- tions by which you may recognize the soft maple. The red maple is a better tree than the soft maple, and can be easily recognized by its red flowers. The leaves are also a means of recognizing it, as the subdivisions are not so deeply cut as those on the leaves of the soft maple. The ash maple is a rapidly growing tree, but, generally speaking, a poor tree to plant, although it is exceedingly hardy. It will succeed in prairie country and over in Canada, where it has the name of the Manitoba maple. The Norway maple, one of the most common and most popular trees of the present day, has practically no faults. It will succeed in poor, light soil, and on gravel. This maple has larger leaves than either the ash maple or the red maple. Its foHage and yellow flowers cause it to be easily recognized among other maples. A typical American tree is the sugar maple. It is not quite so fast growing as the Norway maple, but grows to greater height, and has a little more character than that tree. The flowers of this tree grow in drooping clusters, which are very beautiful to see. The sycamore maple is really an European tree, and there it is cafled the true sycamore. It has a very large leaf, and long clus- ters of beautiful flowers. When planted in the right place, it makes a very handsome tree, but it grows much better in Europe than in this country. The white oak is the largest of all oaks, and may be recognized by its flowers and typical foliage. 1915] TREES AND SHRUBS 31 The pin oak is one of the most valuable of trees for street or park planting. It relieves the monotony of maples. The red oak is very desirable to plant, and is very largely planted in Boston. The foliage of the red oak is something like that of the pin oak, only the leaves are larger. The American ash is a tree of great size and beauty, although it is not generally planted. The silver birch, one of our most beautiful native trees, is also one of the hardiest trees grown. The birch is the only living rep- resentative of tree life that is found growing within the Arctic circle. The black or river birch is a much larger tree than the white or silver birch, and usually grOws near the water. The beech tree is a very handsome, straight tree, with a smooth gray colored bark. The shagbark hickory bears the best hickory nuts of any hickory tree. The sweet chestnut tree will soon be extinct in our country, because of the disease that takes away all in time. The horse chestnut tree is not native to America, having come originally from Europe. However, it has seemed to adapt itself to American conditions, thriving more in the northern states than in the southern states. The American linden is a native tree, but the European lindens are greatly to be preferred to our own native lindens. The tulip tree attains to very large size and magnificent dimen- sions. The flowers of the tulip tree very much resemble the tulip. The pussy willow is a tree that grows in the woods in moist places. If you cut a few branches from this tree, and put them in water, little white buds will form. / The weeping willows when properly planted are some of the most beautiful trees of the wiUow family. This picture shows a pin oak forty feet high and thirty feet through. We can get some idea of the wide spread of the roots from this picture. If this tree was moved with a ball of earth, all the roots extending outside a certain space would have been cut off and destroyed. In moving trees, it is necessary to give them a certain amount of pruning. The tree in this picture has had one third of the 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 branches removed, but that did not injure it or spoil its appearance. In a verv' httle while it will have regained all that it has lost. We took a beech tree twenty-five feet in diameter and twenty- five feet high, and tied up all the roots carefully, and no earth left on them. This was successfully transplanted and grew rapidly. Another mistake is to plant trees too deep. This picture rep- resents a Norway maple that did not grow satisfactorily. We investigated, and found that it had been planted eighteen inches deeper than it should have been. In transplanting evergreens, we use the ball of earth. Very strong canvas is put around the ball of earth with ropes that hold it in position. Throw the tree over on the side, so the ball of earth will not drag. Now place the tree upright again, and tie it firmly on a platform. Now it is ready to be taken wherever desired. We used to think that it was not possible to move the red cedar, but we have found that it can be done ^ath just as much assurance as any other tree. The juniper tree bears flowers in wonderful profusion. The magnolia tri-petala is one of the most interesting species of the magnolia family. Some magnolias flower later than others. A snow-drop tree, if planted and given a chance to develop, will become twenty feet in diameter and twenty feet through. The Japanese snow-drop is a very beautiful bush, but when it is pruned in the fall, it is spoiled, and loses all its beauty. The hydrangea is a shrub that does need pruning. It may be pruned as much as you like. It is one of the exceptions to the general rule. With this picture of the beautiful garden showing the red cedar blending into the landscape, I wdll conclude my illustrations. What causes the chestnut tree disease? The chestnut tree bark disease is now raging very widely. In Pennsylvania, steps were taken to create an immune district, as the disease has not yet reached Virginia and Ohio. We hope it will not spread to those regions. No remedy has been found, because the disease gets into the tree and circulates under the bark. So anything that would kill the disease would also kill the tree. On Main Street of Madison, New Jersey one chestnut tree grows, and there is no other one wdthin a mile of it. The mayor of that town asked me if I thought the disease would reach that tree. I 1915] TREES AND SHRUBS 33 said I didn't know, but year before last, the disease attacked it. Now it is almost dead, and next year it will be quite dead. The only theory is that the disease is air borne, and the wind carries it from place to place. How long does a tree live after the disease has reached it? A tree may live for about two seasons after the disease attacks it. It was thought that if trees were cut down, the new shoots that came up would not have the disease, but this is not so. Chest- nuts are practically wiped out from New Hampshire to West Pennsylvania. What is the best time to move large evergreens? From the middle of April to the middle of June, or from August to September. In fact, the only time not to move them is when they are making the soft growth. Does your varied experience tell you how to make a success of moving the trailing arbutus? My own experience with trailing arbutus shows that it is best to leave it in its native home. There are some things that resent cultivation, and the trailing arbutus is one of them. When moving large trees, how much additional soil is necessary to prepare for the new root growth? Under general conditions, if there is a foot of good soil, you do not have to remove very much sub-soil, because when you dig a hole for a very large tree, it must be shaped like a saucer. Uniform Fruit Legislation for New England By Dr. G. M. Twitchell, Maine. January 14, 1915. Co-operation, which today makes business hfe successful, is not yet recognized as the legitimate function of the farm. We shall never witness the extension of community interests, and legal restrictions, until there is realization of the benefits and for these to be appreciated it is necessary that cost of production be determined. Legislation, necessary as it is, is not the initial step. It is useless to attempt legislation, in any direction, until public sentiment is alive to its importance. To be effective and perma- nent it must follow not precede public sentiment, not on the out- side, but first of all from within. Under our form of government, with a growing disregard of law, it is unwise to attempt to press a measure which seems to trench upon individual rights, until its full significance is appreciated by those most directly affected. Legislation which radically changes the relation of man to his neighbor must first be educative, never drastic. Looking for permanent results the individual mind must be made ready for enforcement before it can be impartial. A law on the statute books not enforced is a menace to the industry it aims to benefit. Not one man in one thousand realizes the actual cost of a barrel of apples; how then will you unite the great body of growers for a fruit law which at every step trenches upon long established practices, on the seeming rights of individuals? The orchardist must first of all know the cost of production. Then the certainty of greater returns following proposed legis- lation. In any attempted opening of the home market the con- sumer must be educated to the value of such legislation and the possibility of reaching producers direct. Today it would be prac- tically impossible to find in New England a score of men, outside 1915] UNIFORM FRUIT LEGISLATION FOR NEW ENGLAND 35 our local fruit growers associations, having the same conception of a No. 1 apple. Individual, community and market demands will modify the pack in some minor details. To force a law requiring a uniform pack and grade, without first a campaign of education, would endanger the whole proposition. For these reasons I would lay the foundation on cost of produc- tion that it may stimulate the producers to steps for self protection along the line of a grading, packing and branding law. No step should be taken which directly or indirectly will injure the indus- try. For a series of years I have found the items of expense in caring for old trees to be— pruning, fertiHzing (12 lbs. 43^-10- 43^2 per tree), spraying, (3 times), protecting from borers, and cut- ting the grass for a mulch, 533^2 cents per tree yearly ; interest on a valuation of $10 per tree, 60 cents, taxes per tree (2 per cent on $100 an acre) 25 cents, interest on machinery, tools, etc., 6 cents, depreciation of trees, (2 per cent) 20 cents, depreciation on ma- chinery (2 per cent) 5 cents, total $1,493/^ per tree. During these years the yield has averaged one barrel of No. 1 apples, one-eighth No. 2 and the culls and drops. The cost of picking has been 20 cents, hauling barrels to or- chard 2 cents, barrels 37 cents, hauling to storage 2 cents, storage 30 days 5 cents, packing 18 cents, hauling to cars 5 cents, (one-half mile), 79 cents per barrel, or a total cost of $2.12. Distance from station and possibility of marketing drops and culls will change these totals, as certainly will average yield, but the fact remains that our apples cost us $2 per barrel, ready for shipment, upon the basis of good business, figuring the overhead charges, as we must. Some trees far exceed this yield but one must figure every bearing tree and the lean years as well as fat. All labor is figured at $2.00 per day for man and $1.00 for horse. Modify these figures to meet individual conditions, yet the fact remains that appreciation of cost forces the study of questions, promising a better price and so this legislation becomes the logical step. Thankful are we that the day has gone for the orchard to be counted a get-rich-quick-scheme, but its evil effects will long be manifest in neglected orchards, a menace to the industry. Profit is to be found through attention to items overlooked or thought unnecessary, especially through such methods of pro- 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 tection, spraying, grading, packing and branding as will insure better quality and greater uniformity in the pack. If spraying will improve size, protect from fungus diseases and insure 97 per cent free from defects, then thorough spraying becomes a necessity. If a clean packing and grading law will insure a more uniform pack, the certainty of a better price forces its early passage and enforce- ment. The opening of the Panama Canal, and great reduction in freight rates from the far west, is certain to give the apple in- dustry there a tremendous boom, and obhges us to study problems from a different standpoint than formerly. It necessitates also the adoption of that thorough method of grading, packing and branding, under legal restrictions, which insures the western box apple its coveted place in our local markets. It is not a question of what we would like but what we must have. The life of the industry is in the balance and its friends must be alive to protect. New England, which formerly dom- inated the industrial, political and moral thought of the nation, finds itself set one side, in many respects, and it behooves the workers to unite for specific action whereby the combined influ- ence of these six states may be centered and their great agricul- tural interests made dominant. Establish the fact of a law in each of these six states covering the grading, packing and branding of apples, with ample provisions for inspection, and you at once add to the selling price of every barrel. Individuals, and local fruit associations, have by these steps gained a leading position in the great markets at home and abroad. It becomes our duty to unite all forces for the greater good to the industry as a whole. In 1902 the Maine State Pomological Society constituted your speaker a committee of one to take up this subject of legislation with the other New England states with a view to uniting all organizations for uniform action. In 1908 at Wilton, N. H., each state being represented, a purely educative measure was agreed upon. Maine at once took the initiative and in February, 1909, passed the first law, touching the grading and packing of apples, ever enacted in the East. In 1911 it was strengthened, but no provision made for enforcement, and in 1913 again changed to its present form. The result today is a general demand for its enforcement by producers and for strengthening the inspection features. 1915] UNIFORM FRUIT LEGISLATION FOR NEW ENGLAND 37 From all foreign and domestic markets there have come this year unsolicited testimonials to the good effect of this law, and the wise inspection by the state. This materially increases demand and price. At the same time a larger appropriation will be neces- sary next year to provide for more complete inspection. No bur- densome restrictions are placed on any one, a man can pack his apples as he chooses, but his name must go upon the barrel and the brand must be a true index of the contents. At the same time let us not forget that laws are but idle words unless vitalized into action by vigilant officials backed by a critical public. Experience is proving that it is a simple proposition to pack in harmony with the sections of this law. Maine would not accept the Sulzer bill with its ten per cent defective apples for this is but the open door to serious complications. Thousands of barrels have the past season been packed and shipped T^dthout inspection, yet there is good reason to believe that there has been a closer approach to an uniform pack than in any previous year, and our most successful orchardists and ship- pers are united in defence of the law. All this has been accomplished in two years, backed by previous educative measures, and as a natural result local fruit growers associations are springing up to take advantage of the law and the uniform pack it insures. If the other New England states are ready for an apple packing and grading law, with teeth to make it effective, then by every consideration of justice, efforts should be centralized before present legislatures to secure its enactment with ample provision for inspection. If the producers are not ready, and public sentiment is not active, then surely the initial measures should be attempted. It would be a serious injury to our fruit interests to secure the passage of a law to be repudiated later at the polls, or repealed at the next session of legislature, simply because producers and the public are not ready to support and defend. The absolute necessity for a law giving the state control over all fruit shipped is one of the certainties of the present, and the friend of the orchard will stand to protect as well as legislate, realizing alike the danger of delay as well as of ill advised action. Because New England interests are so closely interwoven, because the apple industry is to be the great cash crop on the farms in the hill sec- 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 tions, because all about us are the very best home markets, because the consumer is entitled to just what he purchases and the producer to the best possible price for what he sells, I stand here today to urge the union of these six New England states for such legislation as will best protect grower and consumer, and permanently stim- ulate the apple growing industry in every section. Not until the New England grown apple, with its superior flavor and food value, finds its place upon every counter and in every home, and sup- plants the inferior product from other sections, will the actual worth of an orchard be realized in any community. There's a big, big problem facing this and every other live organization. It is to help protect the industry through wise legislation, arouse producers to the importance of community rather than individual efforts, aid in eliminating unnecessary factors standing between producer and consumer, assist in equalizing transportation rates on all farm products, stimulate the largest possible development of the home market, and bring about a closer union of the New England farmers. Ladies' Day January the 28th, 1915 Program by the Cadman Concert Company : Bertha G. Denny, contralto; May C. Powers, pianist; Sylvia Fish, violinist; Henry N. Flagg, 'cellist; assisted by Addison L. Bemis, composer. PROGRAMME Hungarian Airs Arr. by Tohani Miss Fish, Miss Powers, Mr. Flagg Aria from "Samson and Delilah" Saint-Saens Mrs. Denny Andante Cantabile Reissiger Miss Fish, Miss Powers, Mr. Flagg Invitation a la Danse arr. for 2 pianos von Weber Miss Powers, Mrs. Denny, Miss Fish, Mr. Flagg Violin Solo — "Gypsy Dance" Nachez Miss Fish Two Songs by Addison L. Bemis, Worcester Hymn to the Night words by Longfellow To My Beloved words by Mrs. E.J. Bardwell Mrs. Denny Mr. Bemis at the piano Norwegian Dances No. 2. and No. 3. Grieg Miss Fish, Miss Powers, Mr. Flagg Suite for 2 pianos, viohn and 'cello Massenet Air de Ballet Marche Miss Powers, Mrs. Denny, Miss Fish, Mr. Flagg By request — A Perfect Day Carrie Jacobs-Bond Mrs. Denny Grand Opera Selection Miss Fish, Miss Powers, Mr. Flagg The History, Culture, and Uses of tlie Gladiolus B. Hammond Tracy, Wenham, Mass. February 4 Things happen so quietly in the floral world that the general public knows little about the development along some special line, and this is very noticeably true of the Gladiolus, the aristocrat of the summer garden, the good old-fashioned '^Gladiola" of our grandmother's garden. Botanically, the Gladiolus is described as a perennial herb. It is a genus of about 130 species, 15 native of Europe, and others mostly from the Cape and tropical Africa. Three hundred years ago, only the European species were known in England. Glad- iolus Communis of a reddish purple color, and Gladiolus Segetum, which 'was introduced by Byzantinus in 1629 from Turkey. Most of the new forms were found in South Africa. From these came the hybrid progeny for which we are largely indebted to Belgian, French and Dutch growers. Gladiolus Gandenvensis, or the Gand Gladiolus, was produced about 75 years ago, by crossing G. Cardinalis with G. Psittacinus. Credit for this is given to Bedinghaus, gardener to the Duke of Arenberg, and its introduction to commerce was later made by the house of Van Houtte. The Nanceanus typ^ was brought out by Lemoine after the Lemoine type of hooded flowers had become well known. From the pictures illustrating these different types, you will see what great progress was made. From the time that M. Souchet, the gardener for Napoleon III, introduced the Gladiolus as a florist's flower the progress in its culture and development has been most remarkable. The interest of Queen Victoria in the flower, as she saw it in Napoleon's garden, popularized it for English culture and horticulturists and hybrid- 1915] THE GLADIOLUS 41 izers in other countries were quick to see and appreciate its possi- bilities. In France, the work of Lemoine and of the house of Vilmorin, in England that of Herbert, Van Houtte and Kelways, and in Germany that of Max Leichtlin brought about the type of Gladiolus so well known today. The work of Max Leichtlin, as introduced into this country by Hallock & Son, was directly responsible for the keen interest in America, an interest which has been fostered and developed by the best growers of the entire country. The development of recent years has been along the hne of perfection — bringing out new varieties and shades of old types. This modern Gladiolus is a flower of the future, for though much is known of it as a florist's flower, its possibilities as a decorative asset in both homes and gardens is as yet little known or appre- ciated. Gladiolus Covelli in an early form is here shown, and as you know, this variety is still in commerce in some light shades, but practical only for green-house culture, though have been wdntered out of doors in some very protected positions. Gladiolus Vitu- peratus, a dainty green, was in commerce up to within a few years, and much was hoped might be accomplished by crossing, with a possible scented Gladiolus as a result, but nothing was accomphshed. Of the four bulbs shown, all are of blooming age. It is essential that the bulb should be of blooming age, rather than large, over- fed and punky. The largest bulb will not always give you the best flower for some of the better varieties do not produce large bulbs, and a medium bulb of any variety gives the better results. A question often asked is, ''Are foreign bulbs as good for Ameri- can culture as those grown in this country"? For the commercial grower, who can plant them as early in the spring as possible, good results are obtained with most varieties, but for the private or small grower, the results are not always satisfactory, owing to the sprouting of the bulbs before late planting. The Gladiolus bulb with the bulblets shows the multiplication — one method of propagation. If one cares to increase his stock, these bulblets may be planted in the garden, as peas are sown, and a blooming size bulb will result after about two years. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 The medium-sized bulb ^vill produce a flower, such as this un- colored spike of Dawn, which shows an absolutely perfect speci- men of a Gladiolus bloom. You will note the ruffled petals, not found on all Gladiolus. There are some colors on nature's palette, which it is almost impossible to reproduce, and the soft coral pink of Dawn, is one of them. This variety is one of the most popular and it is especi- ally adapted for house decoration and produces a most pleasing picture in mass planting among Japanese Anemones and Asters. If Dawn or most of the other varieties are left in the garden, a seed spike will be produced. If one cares to experiment along horticultural lines, the planting of these seeds and the careful cultivation of the bulbs produced may, in time, give you a new variety really worth while, for it is from seed that the new varieties come. Dracocephelus, the Greek Gladiolus so called because it is now found in Greece, is largely used in fertilizing. It is of an attrac- tive brown color, tinted green, and though small sized, is unique. It is about the only one of the old time varieties now in commerce. The dainty Primulinus, natives of Africa, have become very popular in recent years. The soft light yellow is not found in man}^ August flowers. The close relationship between these and the Primulinus Hybi'ids is very noticeable. The hooded form of the upper petals is retained though the flowers are larger and of greater vitahty. The range of color from the creamy primrose, through shades of orange, bronze, rose and apricot, adds greatly to their value. Gladiolus Willy Wigman, is one of the largest flowered sorts, in which the hooded petal is still seen, though the form is larger. Baron Hulot of the Gandevensis type, and a Lemoine product, is valuable as a cut flower. The Gandevensis type is always discernable, because of the pointed petals, and is well shown. Gladiolus Hollandia, the soft apricot coloring and erect style of growth, make this variety well adapted for garden planting. La Pastel is another Gandevensis variety, but unfortunately lost. Baron Hulot, America, and Sunrise make an ideal combination for garden planting, and nothing is more satisfactory than a vase of these three varieties. 1915] THE GLADIOLUS 43 Panama, the sister bloom of America, is a perfect specimen of the Nanceanus type. It is a magnificent flower, of waxlike tex- ture, but easily bruised. Loveliness, the creamy yellow of exceptional form and texture, commands attention wherever used. It is truly the most superb yellow Gladiolus.. Planted with a carpet of deep purple Petunia at the base, or surrounded by the rich tones of Salpiglossis, it would be most effective. A truly lovel}^ base of pastel colors may be had wiih Lovehness, America, and Baron Hulot or Badenia in combination. Niagara is almost as fine a j-ellow, and it is not so expensive. A planting of the Gladiolus Mrs. Frank Pendleton, and Glad- iolus Alaize, with a border of Rosy Morn Petunias at the base, is one of the best, and the silvery whiteness of Gladiolus Lily Leh- man, a very beautiful white, when placed in a vase with Mrs. Frank Pendleton, gives a color combination of exquisite shading, seldom found in out-of-door flowers. Gladiolus Isaac Buchanan is one of the older varieties, but of sterling worth for mass planting. It is a very good yellow with a touch of lavender on the edge of some petals, and is also desirable because of its moderate price, whereas most of the yellows are too expensive for large plantings. The slide sho^dng the field of America, brings to your notice the results of deep planting. This had been a matter of much discussion but it is pretty generally understood now that the best results come from planting the larger bulbs from six to eight inches deep, and the smaller bulbs a little less. This field of America is cultivated by a horse up to blooming time, and you will note the erect growth of the entire field. When you reahze that the bulb you plant decay's and the bloom spike is produced by a new bulb which forms on top of the one you plant, it will be plain why deep planting is absoluteh' essential to the production of strong bloom spikes. A bed of peonies, planted with Festima Maxima and La Esper- ance might be backed or surrounded by a planting of Gladiolus America or Independence, which will come into flower after the Peonies have bloomed. The white and light mixture of white, cream and rose throated varieties makes a most attractive basket, arranged with oak leaves or any green fohage. The mixture of blues is not fully appreciated 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1916 by the Gladiolus lover, but needs only to be placed in the proper setting or combined with the right colorings to prove its value. The bloomed-out tips of the spikes afford splendid material for decorative arrangement, as is shown in the pictures of Sunrise and Daybreak. Gladiolus Daybreak is more closely allied to the Orchid in both form and coloring than any other Gladiolus, and its beauty is much greater in the bloomed-out tips. Planted in clumps in front of shrubbery, they give bloom and pleasure from early July until the first envious, sniping frost. In this position, nothing gives greater satisfaction than Gladiolus Independence. In brilliant coloring and lasting qualities it is unsurpassed. The Gladiolus in the garden is an unsightly object if left to • bloom to its limit. The flower-loving public must be educated to a willingness to cut the spikes when they have bloomed a little while in the garden, then to finish their development in the house. Nothing looks worse than a mass of ragged, betasseled Gladioli bending in the wind, when it is so easy to pick off the withered blooms, if one does not wish them for house decoration. Baron Hulot and Badenia are the finest of the Blue Gladioli. The deep rich blue-purple of Baron Hulot and the true lavender of Badenia brings to mind endless color combinations for the garden and the house. Badenia planted with Sunrise, with pink Snapdragons at the base, or Badenia and Baron Hulot blooming above branching Daybreak Asters. A most successful combina- tion has been Baron Hulot and the soft apricot pink of Hollandia, or Scarsdale and Hollandia. The box of Gladiolus shown is given to show the manner of packing for successful shipment. The blooms must be packed dry, after the stems have stood for a while in water. Any blooms that may be shipped for identification should also be shipped dry, and not packed in moss or wet cotton. Each year brings to our notice many new varieties. This year Schwaben, a large fight yellow, is attracting much attention. Pink Perfection is by far the most superb apple-blossom pink on the market. Golden West is far more popular with the new name, than when known as Pacha. Blue Vista and Mary Fennell have a class all to themselves, for pecufiar shading. Mexico By Prof. Leslie C. Wells February 11 The structure of civilization is a complicated one. It has many possibilities but they all belong together. There are many prob- lems to be solved in raising it to a higher level, but the solution of any one of them depend upon the solution of the others. If we trust too largely for any length of time to the solution of any one of them, we w^ould put disaster upon them. The raising of humanit}^ must be approximately even. It must not be pulled up on one side rapidly. There must be first a Uttle turn here and then a little turn there. It is only by giving constant attention to all parts of our work that we shall finally raise up an edifice that shall stand for safety, justice, and happiness. We often hear Mexico spoken of as a Paradise. It is true that very large sections are wonderfully favored by nature, but not so with all of the land. Let us begin with the map of the country. It is much wider in the northern part than in the southern. It is in the north that we have a semi-arid region, not altogether dry desert. There is some vegetation. We have here the capitol of the country, Mexico City. I shall speak of this state in the southeast. It is the long narrow strip upon the coast they call Paradise. Mexico has three climates, corresponding to three zones — the hot land along the coast regions, the temperate lands, ranging from two to three thousand feet in elevation, and then the cold land, which is plateau. A great part of the land is plateau. There are about twenty-eight States, forming a nation. The only tree which is found very much is the cactus tree. The cactus trees are very prominent in some parts of the desert, some of the 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 giant cactus growing very large, seventy-five feet high, although that is very unusual. You know these cacti have a great deal of moisture inside them. A man who did not know of this might almost die of thirst on this desert. The mountains, of which you are seldom out of sight in Mexico, are in this part of the country bare and barren, sometimes rising like this out of a little town. But although this country does not furnish much in agricultural wealth, nevertheless, these mountains have under their surfaces, great sources of wealth. Mexico is rich in mines. It is an ordinary opinion in America that the ^Mexican is a savage creature. But that, I believe, is an injustice. The Indian is a gentle creature. They are strong, physicalh^, and perhaps the best agricultural laborers in Mexico. Indians, in fact, make very good mechanics as well as agricultural laborers. This picture shows the tyj)e of Indian who lives in the central part of the coun- try. They are inferior to the other tribes. The donkey does a very large portion of the traffic. It is well knoT\Ti in history that for centuries the Mexican Indians have been great carriers of heavy loads. This shows one of the important industries of Mexico, whicn is pottery making. Corn is a very great element of the Mexican's food. One of the most important forms is the tortilla. The tortilla are made in this way. First the corn is soaked in a kind of solution of lime water, and then while still moist, it is ground, then it is rolled out on a stone slab. Then she rolls the corn out into a very fine paste, then takes the moist paste and slaps it back from one palm to the other, producing a very thin cake. In the back of this picture you may have noticed a few plants, another variety of the cactus. You see great numbers of this century plant, for it is a variety of the so-called century plant. It is not usually seen with its blossoms, because the blossoms must not be allowed to grow in order to produce what the ^lexicans use this plant for. I should have said that while the Mexicans eat a great deal of com, they do not have any beans, meat, etc., among the lowest classes of the population. They do not have enough meat, and perhaps many of them do not have enough food of any kind. A 1915] MEXICO 47 large number of them, I believe, would be more efficient laborers if they had greater variety of food. But if they do not eat enough, they drink too much. They drink large quantities of polka. It produces a very degrading influence upon the people. This picture shows a polka carrier. It is consumed more in the plateau. It is made in the plateau. That is where it grows best. A kind of rum is made from corn. This is known as the Guardian City of Mexico. It is a quaint old town in a region most favored by nature. The guide book also says that Tetela is foremost for its beautiful women and girls. There is a phrase that it is said very often. It means, ''Bewitching are the girls of Tetela." Perhaps all the society had left when I came there. I could not find any pretty girls. One morning I did find a girl going out for something. I asked her to pose. I did not succeed in getting the smile which she had made in responding to a salutation of one of her neighbors, and so I asked her to smile for a second more, and as you see, she overdid it. The men who really produce the wealth of the country live in these huts. Of course, it is largely the fault of the Peon, from one point of view, because he is not thrifty enough. On the other hand, he has never been given a chance to improve his own being, to develop it, to get an education. He has never been given to understand that he would be given a reward. The Peon, if he is given modern implements to work with, refuses to use them. He prefers his own crooked tools. Most of the owners prefer to run their business as it has always been run. They seem to feel that if they introduce modern meth- ods, it will be against their interests. This shows the Normal School, constructed a few years ago. Of course, this building was built with, funds from the Federal Treasury in the Federal District which corresponds with the District of Columbia. In the same capitol, we find beautiful buildings. These are girls from school. But it is in large centers that we find good schools — in the capitols of the cities. The small places have no schools. I have been in schools where the table was borrowed and there were no books at all. 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [l915 This is a view of Monterey. Here are some of their churches. One noticeable thing about many of the churches is the number of colored domes of the guilded type. It is hard to say how much religion comes into the life of the average ^lexican. The women of ^lexico is the religious person, but I believe that on the whole, the Mexican man is not. The most the man cares for religion is the holidays it gives them. He gets a rest from his labors. Dias had ambition of making Mexico the most beautiful capital in the world. He had a good beginning. Let us see two or three fine monuments. This one is the monument of Independence. The next monument was built in honor of an old Indian chief, the chief who defied the power of the Spaniards. This shows a statue of one of the Spanish Kings after he reached the state of Mexico. Now we come to the people who are working in this great indus- trial centre. There is a very large cotton mill o^Tied by capital- ists. In all, are employed some five or six thousand men, and some women. Not a very high degree of skill is required. So you wiW not expect to find very intelligent faces. When I visited that cotton mill there was an important strike in progress, very loosely organized. This jute mill had nothing to do with the cotton mill. There was a strike on there, also. Let us look at some of the women employees of this mill. The men are inefficient laborers. As a rule, they are very careless and allow many flaws to go into their weaving. These women are good workers. Strangely enough, you will find se^\nng machines among the most miserable homes. To be sure, the}' are very poor machines or very simple ones for they run by hand and are very small. But be that as it may, on one kind of a machine or another, a great part of the women of ^Mexico have had practice in running sewing machines. The girl who is holding the baby wanted the baby's picture taken. To illustrate the self-respect that you find among these people, I might add that a few evenings later when I went back to the town to give this mother a few of the prints from this photograph, one of the members of the family, an older sister, tried to pay me 1915] MEXICO 49 for them. She insisted and finally I succeeded with difficulty in changing the conversation to another line. Again she came back to it, and it was again with difficulty that I came out. This shows some of the best houses rented by this Jute Company to its employees. All over Mexico you will not find as good houses as these rented by an employer to its laborers^. These have two rooms. They are rented for about seventy-five cents a week. Let us see one of the members of one of the families. I shall be glad to have you guess at the age of this girl. The mother told me her age. She told me that she was only sixteen years of age. She could read and write, for on the table there were several books. One was a book of poetry. I asked her if she liked poetry and she said that she did. To be sure, there was one book, a novel with an alluring type. The next sUde will show a voting scene, election for governor of the state of Vera Cruz. It is under a portico of a store. Now, of course, it is often asked: ''Is it possible to make a republic of Mexico?" It is not possible in the sense that we understand it. The Mexican population is not ready for complete self government. It might have been given a httle measure of self government. Dias might have given his people a chance to practice the right of self government by allowing them to choose the rulers of their cities and towns. This woman was sitting on one of the walks in a little garden. She was making sweetened corn cakes, and selling them. I wanted her to pose, so I bought some. After trying one, I could not resist the temptation of eating them all. The children are worth educating. In the adults, you see the accumulation of years of subjection, of poverty, of contact with degrading influences. But in children, you see something different. When you look at a Mexican child, you will think he is stupid. But he is not. There are many bright ones among them. Those you have seen were photographed in the eastern part of the country. These are some in the northwestern part of the country. This is a picture of a Mexican child. The Mexican children are courteous, so I will leave it to this 3'oung lad to thank you for your kind attention. Home Vegetable Garden By William N. Craig, Brookline, Mass. February 18 Mr. President, members of the Worcester Horticultural Socie- ties, ladies and gentlemen: I am very glad to come here and speak a few words about vegetables. I have used small gardens rather than larger ones. Old gardens offer striking advantages for vegetables. In winter, particularly, while ice and snow cover our northern fields and gardens, our vegetables come from the south. It is shown that far too much meat is consumed, where vegetables would be far better and our healths improved. Since the great conflict in Europe began, prices of many food commodities have advanced, but vegetables still can be had at very moderate prices. The recent cost of living is too high. More people in the country should be induced to cultivate vegetables to a larger extent in their home garden. Europe may be backward in some things, but she excels us in vegetable growing. Every one there takes a keen interest in the garden, and every available space is planted. They have, in many cases, allotments which are divided up so as to rent for a moderate sum. In these small gardens are the vegetables. In the vicinity of our large cities some of these allotments could be made; and I hope in the near future some such plan is made here. It is really surprising that so many people in the United States prefer to buy their vegetables rather than raise them at home. Take the city of Worcester for an example. Have you not much space that might be used for the growing of vegetables? People are not improving their opportunities. There are many well-to-do people here who prefer to buy rather than raise their own vegetables. What will more decrease our rising cost of living than vegetable growing at home? 1915] HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN 51 There is whoever, a great improvement. A great deal of this is also due to garden work being done at home school gardens. I am impressed by what children have done. The soil in New Eng- land is not, in many cases, very rich. Gardening is sometimes uphill work. But there are few soils that will not, with a little coaxing, produce good results. Just take the last National Convention held in Buffalo. In making an analysis of the prize list, it was found that New Eng- land took twenty-six first and twenty-five seconds. New England took over ninety per cent of all the prizes at the Buffalo Conven- tion. Where are more bushels of com produced per acre than here? The vegetable garden should have a warm, sunny exposure. But this is not necessary as good vegetables can be produced well at all times on land not inclined to be soggy. Very stiff land can be improved by the addition of street scrapings. This is best applied in fall. Lime is used on all New England gardens. Gen- erally apply the lime and manure at the same time. If fresh manure is used, it should be worked in well. This makes the best food for vegetables. A good commercial fertilizer is also good. Strew this before sowing seeds. If at any time, there may be surplus crop this can be returned to the soil. Peas are one of the most popular vegetables in New England. First sowing should be made just as soon as frost has left the ground. The warmer the soil the better will the peas do. The first sowing may be made about March tenth. Make the earliest sowings one inch. It can be soon advanced to two or three inches. Peas must have the land liberally manured. Dwarf peas are the best for small gardens. The best support for peas is birch brush, but if this is not procurable, wire netting can be used. Beans are so easily raised that little need be said on their culture. First sowings may be made about April 20th. Success- ful patches may be sowed until August first. With small gardens a little covering on cold nights may prolong the season consider- ably. Wax beans have a handsome appearance, and sell well, but their flavor is far inferior to green pod beans. The most valuable of all vegetables are potatoes. They will succeed in a great variety of soils, if the proper preparation is made. Early planting bears best, especially when we get such 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 long; severe droughts as of late years. April 25th to May 5th is a good planting time. A good fertilizer, after growth is started, is nitric acid. It will stimulate the growth. The more the soil is tickled, the better ^\'ill the crops be and the fewer the weeds. The average production of potatoes in the United States is ninety bushels per acre; in New England 150. Now consider that in the south of Scotland they are producing today on that old land, 1000 or 1500 bushels an acre. Parsnips are a good vegetable. These rich crops of parsnips can be left out doors all winter. This improves their flavor. Every garden should contain some member of the cabbage family. The}^ will grow best in well manured ground. Early cabbage can be planted April 20th. Good cabbage can be planted on or about June first. Cauliflowers can be sowed about May 25th. An enemy of cabbages is the club root. There is nothing that can be done for it. There are a few ways to fight the worms on cabbages in the late summer or fall. One is by using salt and water. It is the easiest remedy to apply to the worms. You can also spread with arsenic of lead early in the season. Every vegetable garden, of course, must contain tomatoes. They are easily raised in the window. To secure the best toma- toes, train them up on sticks, fences, or some other supports. Plant the rows three feet apart. The smaller varieties grow twelve feet in height. They make very good sellers and excellent preserves. It is a safe plan to wrap a piece of paper around each tomato at planting time. We want to remember that what our winged fleet do for horti- culture and agriculture is remarkable. They are the destroyers of multitudes of injurious insects. I hope all of you will feed the birds. If we have more birds, we shall have less pests. There are far too many hunters. They kill anything in sight. If they had to pay five dollars for a license (instead of one), and no one under twenty-one could have a license, we would have more birds. Sweet corn is a good vegetable. First sowings may be made as early as April 18th, successfully. First sowings one inch, later so'wings two or three inches. You want to get fairly warm settled weather before squashes are sowed. Squashes and pumpkins can be kept well in the 1915] HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN 53 winter. They should have a temperature of 45° to 50°. Cucum- bers need similar treatment to squashes. Cucumbers have a great use. Melons are really fruits, but are classed with vege- tables. These are subject to the same treatment as cucumbers but will stand it better when they are planted on low ground. They have ripened in Boston of late years. Citron is also wor- thy of culture for preserving purposes. Celery is one of our most important vegetables. It can be grown on level ground or in trenches. It may be planted in February and March. The general plan, when taking out the celery for storage, is to lift the celery with, the root on. The finest flavored celerj^ is that kept out doors through the winter. Onions are very popular vegetables. They want very rich ground. Do better on the same ground year after year. Com- mon manure makes an excellent fertilizer. Roll or tramp ground well. Settings should be made just as soon as possible after frost has left the ground. Some people sow onions in boxes, and then transfer them. When this is done, they w^on't keep well for Christmas. They are unexcelled for exhibition purposes. Asparagus is one of the most highly priced of all vegetables. A small plot of ground, 15 x 25 feet will supply an ordinary family. Ground is hberally manured. The bed usually carries for twenty years. Make rows 33^ feet apart. Peppers must have moder- ately poor soil. Spinach is extensively grown. Lettuce can be sowti in April. Later sowings can be made to August. Some can be planted in a cold frame. Radishes are of eas}' culture. If one wishes, try a few of the black, Spanish variety. I have not mentioned mushrooms, which usually have a place in the stable, cellar, or shed. ^lust be kept from excessive heat. It must have very little dry air. Horse manure should be secured. In making beds, manure should be fairly moist. If dry, if is of no use. The beds should be made nine to ten inches thick. Tramp down very hard. ^Mushrooms sometimes appear in three or four weeks. It usually takes six or seven weeks. So it does not pay to be of too nervous a temperament in gro^^ing mush- rooms. Mushrooms will do very well in a cold place. If you have a cellar and want to dry them, make the manure two or two and a half feet deep. Xow the best mushrooms in America are 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 grown in Philadelphia. The best mushrooms in the world are grown near Paris in caves. If you have to water, make the water warm. If you water the bed when the mushrooms are appearing, cover the mushrooms with dry soil before watering. Do not have a bed so large that you cannot take care of it. Vegetables in home gardens ought to be a source of pleasure as well as profit. They promote economy. They are a joy and an inspiration to every home. The G arden and Deserts of Southern California By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. February 25, 1915 The desert is usually supposed to be the exact opposite of the garden. It may seem to some of you that in the statement of my subject this afternoon, I did not adhere to the ordinary rule of unity which ought to be done in any line, and that in binding these two subjects of the deserts and gardens of California, there is something of a disturbance in the mind, because the two things are so much apart. Now, let me say in the first place, that a great deal of that area in southern California now devoted to the extensive and really wonderful cultivation of fruits and flowers has been gradually reclaimed from what were practically desert conditions. Then, on the other hand, we find in the deserts, the most arid portions, a most wonderful diversity and beauty of plants and flowers. In fact, we find over upon the desert, many wild-flower gardens of various kinds. I think you will discover before the afternoon is over that there is some justification for the working together of these two subjects for a single connection, as we have this afternoon. I ought to say, however, that I cannot begin to treat this sub- ject in any extensive fashion this afternoon, because it is so vast. One cannot realize, until he has made a visit to California, how vast is the fruit and flower cultivation of that state. Nor until he has seen it with his own eyes, can he realize the wonderful refor- mation there is to be seen regarding these desert lands. And so, this afternoon, I am simply going to try to bring to- gether a few glimpses just to indicate something of the beauty which I find in that region of southern California. 56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 , First, let us have some views of the country. This is just a relief map of the state, showing the mountain ranges. The garden regions of California extend throughout the south. We are, this afternoon, to consider some of those features of southern Cali- fornia which are notable for their garden beauty. Now, the desert land is south to these of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. A large portion of this desert is below the level of the sea. In speaking of the deserts of California, let me first take you to the San Bernadino Pass. This mountain or Gray-back is a big summit, 11,700 feet high. Here we have just a bit of the plain, absolutely barren land. But all of the Colorado desert is not of this character. This is a little station, Indio. Prominent among these, is the extensive growth of the native palm of California, ^the Washington palm, as it is called, the only palm native to California and growing in this region. They are always iound growing along the sides of the foothills, near some underground stream, for the palms cannot live upon the bare sand. They must have moisture. Many of these trees as you notice, are bare of the dead leaves, owing to the fact that some time ago, the governor gave a reward to the Indians for securing the seed of these palms for cultivating elsewhere and so the Indians touched a match to the palms and then burned off the thatch. They were then able to climb the trees and get the seeds. There are many of these groups of palms scattered throughout this region. Photographs taken upon the desert are often difficult to secure, owing to the presence of this haze. There is a very beautiful oasis in the desert which is called Palm Springs, a locality which in recent years has become widely known as a health resort, and there has been built up here quite a popu- lation on account of the advantages of the climate. One can stay here at Palm Springs and enjoy the comforts of life and see the deserts. A desert is usually supposed to be a blank, barren waste of land. That is not a good description. Here on the Cahfornia desert, we have an abundance of vegetation. In Palm Springs, are numerous specimens of Washington Palms. Here you see how they form a perfect procession of trees. 1915] GARDEN AND DESERTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 57 In the foreground, is one of the remarkable varieties of the cactus. This again is a dry specimen, one of the most notable and useful. This is of another cacti family, useful from the fact that it is really a reservoir of water, and has often almost been the means of saving the life of a traveller on the desert. That is the barrel cactus. Another species of cactus in the desert is the ChoUa Cactus. It is dreaded by rattlesnakes and centepedes. They produce very little stickers or bunches of spines which are very sharp and the cactus itself sheds them under slight pressure. These are so sharp that they will penetrate even through the leather of your boots. Now we have here a specimen of the Prickly Pear. The flowers of these cacti are often very brilliant and beautiful. Let me show you two or three of them. Here is one, the red cactus, found in many parts of the desert. Another species is this of livid purple color. There are many forms of animal life on the desert. I was speci- ally interested in one little shape. It is the Kangaroo rat. They are very shy. I could never approach them closely so I sta- tioned my camera near the opening of her hole, and sure enough, she appeared. I made several efforts. I secured a partial picture of the kangaroo rat. Here again, upon the desert, we find numbers of hzards, really very beautiful animals. They have a wonderful vivacity. They would sometimes come out and sit upon a rock which was so hot that I could not put my hand on it without burning the skin. This is called the collored lizard. Now as to the vegetation of the desert, I have already spoken of the forms of cacti, but there are other trees. Among these, there is the Mesquite. This tree produces a hard wood. It is one of the most valuable trees of the desert. It is especially useful for its fibre. This is the Palo Verde tree. This tree does not grow very large but it serves very useful purposes both as wood and for shade. This is the Smoke-tree. It looks exactly like a puff of smoke, but when you come near it, you see the branches and leaves. In June, it puts forth purple blossoms. 58 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICrLTVRAL SOCIETY [1915 We have again upon the desert a great quantity of shrubbery. This is called the Creosote bush. There are no spines upon the bush, and yet this bush is perfectly protected for the reason that the plant has a sort of comb covering its stems and leaves. There is an abundance of wild flowers. They are in great pro- fusion and you see whole beds of them. I have spoken, while showing 3^ou the map of California, of the Mojave desert. Here upon this desert, we have still other fea- tures which are of special interest. Prominent among these, there is the tree Yucca. They are two feet in diameter, and twenty or thirty feet in height. There is another desert region north of Los Angeles which goes by the name of the San Fernando Desert. Here I found some notable specimens of vegetation. Here too. I found great num- bers of various kinds of Yucca. Splendid plants they are, sending up a spike of flowers twelve or fifteen feet high. The flowers are produced by the thousand. They have the most beautiful blos- soms, of all colors. The tragic feature of the plant is this, that as soon as the blossoms have been finished, the seed is produced, then the whole plant dies and nothing is left. This is the Century plant. On the edges of the leaves, there are these cerated points. It is very much prized by the Indians, for before the plant begins to bloom, in the center of the plant there is produced a huge bud which, as it develops, is found to be very nutritious. They roast it and it makes for them a very delicious dish. They send up a tall spike of flowers twelve or fifteen feet high. A friend told me not long ago that he took a notion to measure with a stick the growth of this century spike, and he found that the growth averaged fourteen inches a day. And now, turning from these great desert features, let me tell you something of the California garden. This is the state capitol at Sacramento. It is remarkable for the beauty of its surroundings, for it is situated here in a magnifi- cent park, in which are found the specimens of all the trees of California. There are great beds of flowers. This is a famous hotel on the shores of ^lonterey Bay, about fifty miles south of San Francisco. The buildings are surrounded by acres upon acres of ground which are covered by some of the 1915] GARDEN AND DESERTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 59 most notable specimens of trees. There are great beds of flowers. While these grounds are private estate, it is really a public park. The native oaks which are found here have likewise been used to produce some very beautiful sights such as we see here. On the sea coast, not far from Monterey, there is found a native tree of much interest. But it has been transplanted, very widely. It is the Monterey Cypress. They are invariably picturesque. There are also some wonderful exhibitions of private gardens, especially at the Uttle garden called ''Carmel by the Sea." In connection with every one of the homes, there is a wonderful production of beauty in forms of various flowers, some of them of a more familiar variety, and yet others of quite remote source, and yet all flourish under this balmy climate of southern Cali- fornia. Further south, as we go along the coast, we come to Santa Barbara. The town is close by the old Barbara Mission which was founded in the latter part of the 18th centurj^, the purpose being to civilize and to Christianize the people there. This Mission is the best preserved of them all. One of the great hotels is the Arlington. This is a mission style of architecture. It is made extremely beautiful by the pro- fusion and wealth of floral bloom. All the private residences have an abundance of floral display. But it is not merely the rich people who have an abundance of floral decoration in their homes. In the humbler homes, you also find floral displays. This is a moderate style house, and yet you see the profusion of growth on the part of this single bank. Now, the same thing is true of the public parks. In Los Angeles especially, there are two parks of notable size, in which are in- cluded some of the finest specimens of floral culture which we have. This is a series of Washington palms in cultivation. This is the century plant in full bloom. It is twenty or twenty- five feet high with a profusion of flowers at the top. But I want to show you one picture of a garden island on the coast of Los Angeles. It is notable for one feature which is very novel and which is a revelation of beauty, and that is the Cadilena Mountain. But one thing which I desire especially to speak of and cannot be photographed, is the beauty of the marine gardens. Looking down in the water you can see fifty or sixty feet down, the greatest profusion of wonderful marine growths. That is one thing that 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1915 I want to urge upon you to remember, when you go to California, to take this trip out on the marine gardens. The state is famous for its orange cultivation. It is true that the orange belt is very much more extensive than we are supposing. The best oranges are grown in the northern part of the state. The naval orange is not a seedling. It was brought from Brazil and brought to Washington. From Washington it was brought to California. Here we in Massachusetts have such an abundance of green grass that it is hard for us to realize green grass as a luxury. It is the rarest thing in southern California. Another tree is the Pepper tree. It comes from South America and produces an abundance of foUage. And here is a bit of the foliage of the pepper tree. California has been called the "Golden State." There is won- derful wealth of oranges here. The whole atmosphere is con- tinually charged with this rich fragrance coming from these orange blossoms. Among other fruits of California, we have the lemons, which is also a source of large revenue. Then there is the grape-fruit. These are produced in clusters. Let me mention another fruit which is notable and that is the olive. But let me caution you. When you go to California, do not let any one persuade you to taste the delicious olive off the tree. If you do, you will have the most disagreeable bitter taste in your mouth for a long time afterwards. Now, at Riverside, there is one notable feature of the place. It is the combination of the desert and the garden. A wealthy resident has established there a garden, a park of considerable extent, in which are cultivated only specimens of cactus, and here are about four or five hundred different specimens of cactus. Now, I was speaking of the single garden. Some years ago, Mr. Robert Smiley, in connection with the travels from New York, came here and took a desert land which was absolutely barren, and there he has produced one of the most remarkable and most beautiful gardens in all California. Now, he has planted in this old land, trees and shrubs of various kinds, giving a wonderful 1915] GARDEN AND DESERTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 61 profusion of beauty. This garden is continually visited by the people, who like to see this wonderful thing. It is remarkable how common roses are in this region. You see them growing by the roadside, and in the middle of the road. Why, almost anywhere. Not merely common roses, but the most beautiful ones. American Beauties grow in this region almost like buttercups and dandelions here. Now, in closing, let me show you one more picture. It is of a flower which is produced abundantly in CaUfornia, the Poinsettia. It is produced there so abundantly as to be typical of the flower cultivation; and so I am glad to show to you this series of pictures, saying something of the deserts and gardens of California, and I thank you for your patient attention. Annual Reunion Wednesday, March 10, 1915. The Worcester County Horticultural Society celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary at the Reunion in Horticultural Hall. Dinner was served in the banquet hall at 6.30. President Edward W. Breed was toastmaster and said the Soci- ety was formed in 1840, when the Society had an exhibition and according to past records it was as fine an exhibition as had ever been in Worcester. At that exhibition some fine specimens of vegetables, fruits and flowers were shown, the dahlia being the feature of the floral display. The Society was corporated in 1842. Mr. Breed spoke of the many changes that had occurred in horticulture since the Society was founded and of the great develop- ment that was constantly going on along educational and practical lines. Business-like methods are being applied to a greater extent than ever before. We are living in a day of readjustments and it becomes our duty as horticulturists to conform to the times. We need more co-operation in the matter of production. Our slogan should be ''Grown in Worcester county." After dinner the evening progj'am was opened by a selection from Mrs. Harry R. Hildreth. President Edward W. Breed then introduced Mayor George M. Wright who said he gave so much time to his office work as Mayor of Worcester that he finds little time to talk on any other subject. He gave statements as to what the city is paying for betterments. Chief Justice Arthur P. Rugg, of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, a member of the Society, made a strong point of the busi- ness-like method of the Society, beneficial to the progress of horti- culture as well as business life. Mr. Malcolm Clegg Midgley gave a selection, and the next speaker introduced was Hon. Charles G. Washburn. He spoke of the men who had founded the Society and he looked forward to the Society's greater success. 1915] ANNUAL REUNION 63 Mrs. B. Hammond Tracey, Wenham, Mass. said women in hor- ticulture were able to co-operate with the men and told in what way and in how many ways women are a help in the work of agri- culture. She spoke of a national society of women engaged in agri- culture and horticulture and asked women members of the Wor- cester society to join. Wendell P. Parker then spoke on ''Birds. " He told of the great value of birds to the farmer, some destroying insects according to their weight. ''Boys a few years ago," he said, "would go out trying to see how many birds they could kill with a shotgun and the boy killing the larger number was the winner. These small boys and the family cat, so destructive to our birds, should be punished. "Boys or others shooting birds," he said, "should be brought before a judge and punished accordingly, for without birds the farmer would be at sea. "Birds destroy more insects than any process we may use, and everything should be done to encourage them rather than to de- stroy them. " The program closed with all singing "Auld Lang Syne." The dinner tables were decorated \^dth dainty baskets of pink sweet peas and ferns. The library, which was used for the recep- tion room, was decorated "v\dth palms and other flowering plants. Mr. Clifford T. Eldridge was floor-director for dancing and the aids were Mr. Myron F. Converse, Mr. Charles S. Thayer, Mr. James E. Draper, Mr. Harold J. Greenwood, Mr. George W. His- cox, Mr. Burt W. Greenwood and Mr. George B. Mullikin. A march began the order of dancing, led by Mr. and IMrs. Ed- ward W. Breed, Mr. and Mrs. George Calvin Rice, Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Midgley, Mr. and Mrs. Walter D. Ross, Mr. and Mrs. Her- bert R. Kinney and other members of the Society followed. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS H. R. Kinney, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Simon E. Fisher, Albert H. Lange, H. Ward Moore, William J. Wheeler, Arthur J. Marble, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Miss Lucy M. Coulson. President, Edward W. Breed, Secretary, Leonard C. Midgley. Horticultural Hall, No. 18 Front Street. JUDGES OF AWARD. Flowers, Plants, Etc. — William Anderson, So. Lancaster. Fruits, Etc. — Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury. Vegetables — Charles Greenwood. COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE. George Calvin Rice, Albert H. Lange, Henry E. Kinney, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Charles Greenwood, Herbert A. Cook, Arthur J. Marble. 1915] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 3 GENERAL RULES. FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS. A. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. ^ B. Correct and legible names must be attached to each and every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varieties. C. All articles offered for premium must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per- mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. D. All Small Fruits must be entered in quart boxes or bas- kets (except in the case of Strawberries or Currants, which are to be shown "flat''); but they may be displayed subsequently in plates or dishes, at the taste of the exhibitor. E. No person shall make more than one entrj^ of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. F. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. G. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. H. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. RULES AND REGULATIONS. 1. Exhibitions will be held Thursday and Friday, March 4 and 5; Thursday, May 13; Thursdays, June 10, 17, and 24; Thursdays, July 8, 15, 22, and 29; Thursdays, August 5, 12, 19 and 26; Thursdays, September 2, 9, 16 and 23; Thursday, October 14; Thursda}^ and Friday, November 4 and 5. Children's show Friday, August 27. The hours of Exhibi- tion will be between 3 and 4.30 p. m., except March 4 and 5, June 24, July 22, August 26, September 23, October 14, Novem- ber 4 and 5, which are open until 9 p. m. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.15 o'clock of the da^^s of Exhibition except those noted above. Between 2.15 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangement and Exhibitions. 2. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the contributors may direct. 4. Xo cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 5. Where a certain number or ciuantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 6. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from competi- tion all inferior specifnens. The judges may correct any errors that they think were without any deliberate purpose. 7. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for am' article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessaiy; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daih' paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 8. All articles offered for premium must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety' of Fruit or Vegetable, under dift'erent names, or exhibiting as grown b}' himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereb}^ violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 9. No Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables will be entitled 1915] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 5 to a premium or prize unless they possess points of superi- ority, and the Judges are strictly required to withhold awards if, in their opinion, the articles exhibited do not merit them; nor shall any specimen for which a premium has been once awarded receive another during the season. 10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 11. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids and gloxinias; and not more than five blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes, all of which shall be of one color, and of one variet}^, shall be allowed in the same bottle, or vase, except when otherwise specified in the schedule. 12. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. S^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 13. Xo Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 14. The standard number required for an exhibit, whether of Fruits or Vegetables, will be twelve (12), unless otherw^ise specifically declared. The usual limit of measure, save for Small Fruits, will be a half-peck. 15. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 16. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 17. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. FLOWERS, PUNTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1915 8^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 6. 6. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from competition all inferior specimens. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards. Notice of which will be taken by the judges in award- ing THE PREMIUMS. 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the Judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all exhibitions of Lilies the pollen may be re- moved. By vote of the Trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out hy him or his assistants. Thursday, March 4 and 5, Open from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CARNATIONS, 10 vases, 10 flowers in a vase. No. 2. Four premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ORCHIDS, NOT TO EXCEED 20 vases. — No. 3. Three premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE ELEVEN jooMs: Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. [usTERs: A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. lays: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossus, and Cosmos. ikes: Several flowers on a single erect stem. Examples: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. L. 1.* V\ -T^. S. ■ 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7 AZALEA INDICA, in bloom.— No. 4. One plant, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 7. One plant, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, in bloom.— No. 8. Six plants, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ORCHIDS.— No. 9. One plant, three premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 PRIMULA SINENSIS, in bloom.— No. 10. Four plants, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PRIMULA, any other variety in bloom. — No. 11. Four plants, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 BASKET, open face. — No. 12. No restriction, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 NARCISSUS, NOT TO EXCEED 20 VASES. — No. 13. Four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VIOLETS. No. 14. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DUTCH GARDEN.— No. 15. $100.00 may be awarded for prizes. DANDELION.— No. 16. One-half peck three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 17. Any variety, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 18. Turnip, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 § WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 19. Red, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 20. Savoy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 21. Any other variety named four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 22. One-half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 23. Intermediate, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY.— No. 24. Six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 25. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, TWELVE specimens. — No. 26. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE specimens. — No. 27. Hubbard, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 28. Any other variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 29. Swede, Yellow, six specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 30. Swede, White, six specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 31. White Egg, twelve specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO bunches (6 in each). — No. 32. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLES.— No. 33. Display not to exceed five varieties, six premiums, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 9 No. 34. Twelve Specimens, Baldwin, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 35. Sutton, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 No. 36. Northern Spy, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 37. Palmer, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 38. Roxbury Russet, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 39. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, May 13 CUT FLOWERS — No. 40. Xot to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 41. Round basket, no restriction, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 42. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TULIP, OPEN culture. — No. 43. Display not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 AZALEA, MOLLIS. — No. 44. Best display in vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PANSY.— No. 45. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower with foHage in a vase four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUM, ix bloom.— No. 46. Four plants, distinct in color, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 47. For best table decorations, four premiums, laid for four covers, glassware and cutlery required. 10.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 Entries to be made one week in advance, no restrictions. 1915 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 11 DANDELION.— No. 48. One-half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 HORSE RADISH, twelve specimens.— No. 49. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 50. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 HOLLOW CROWN PARSNIP, twelve specimens.— No. 51. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 52. Other varieties, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 53. One-half peck, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH.— No. 54. Globe, two bunches, six in each bunch, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 55. Twelve specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 56. Linnaeus, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 57. Two bunches, twelve specimens each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 58. Two bunches, six in each bunch, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, June 10 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 59. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, four premiums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 60. From hardy plants and shrubs, not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, not to exceed forty vases. — No. 61. No dupUcates, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 AZALEA, GHENT. — No. 62. Display in vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 IRIS, GERMAN. — No. 63. Not to exceed ten vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 64. Display in vases, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PiEONIA.— No. 65. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 66. One plant, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 67. Any variety named, 24 berries, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 68. Two bunches, twelve speci- mens each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 13 CUCUMBER.— No. 69. Three specimens, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 70. Half-peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, MONARCH, twelve stalks. — No. 71. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VICTORIA. No. 72. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEETS, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 73. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, June 17 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 74. Not to exceed 20 vases, six pre- miums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 OPEN FACE BASKET, no restrictions.— No. 75. Four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PiEONIA.— No. 76. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five pre- miums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 H. P. ROSES.— No. 77. Not to exceed 20 vases, one bloom in each, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 78. Hybrid tea, 20 vases, one bloom in each four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 79. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHERRY.— No. 80. May Duke, one quart, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 81. Glen Mary, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 82. Sample, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 83. Senator Dunlap, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 84. For varieties not scheduled, . five dollars may be used for prizes. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 15 BEET.— No. 85. Twelve specimens, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 86. One-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 87. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 88. Any variety named, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 89. Two bunches, six each, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 90. Any variety, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 4 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, June 24 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 until 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 91. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H.P. roses, outdoor culture, four premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 l.OQ No. 92. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 93. Not to exceed 20 vases of H. P. roses, named, one bloom in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 94. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 95. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, three premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 96. For six best assorted H. P. Roses, one flower in a vase. Prize, six H. P. Rose plants. No. 97. For three best H. P. Roses assorted one in each vase. Prize, three H. P. Rose plants. No. 98. For six best assorted H. T. Roses one in a vase. Prize, six H. T. Rose plants. No. 99. For three best assorted H. T. Roses one in each vase. Prize, three H. T. Rose plants. Numbers 96, 97, 98, 99 to be competed for by persons who have not exhibited roses before. The above prizes are offered by Edward W. Breed, Clinton, Mass. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 17 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 100. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PiEONIA.— No. 101. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, five premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HYDRANGEA.— No. 102. One plant in bloom, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 103. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in a vase, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 104. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, four pre- miums, * 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 105. M. A. C, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. Downing Bride, four premi- ums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 107. Golden Gate, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Barrymore, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 109. Collection not more than six varieties, six premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 110. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varie- ties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 111. Coe's Transparent, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 112. Elton, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 No. 113. Black Tartarian, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 114. Gov. Wood, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 115. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA.— No. 116. Gradus, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 117. Thomas Laxton, one-half peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 118. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 119. Six heads, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 120. Covering 16 square feet, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 l.Oa Entry to be made one day in advance. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19 Thursday, July 8 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 121. Not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 122. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 123. Twelve vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIAS.— No. 124. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, any green allowable, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 125. Oblong basket, no restriction, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 126. Not to exceed 40 vases, six premiums, . 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 127. Twenty vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 128. Best display, five premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 CHERRY, ONE quart- No. 129. Black Eagle, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 130. Downer's Late Red, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 131. Montmorency, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 132. Best display, five dollars may be used. No. 133. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 134. Named variety, three pre- miums. 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. — No. 135. Red, Dutch, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 136. Perfection, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 137. White, Grape, three premi- ums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 138. Versaillaise, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 139. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 140. Turnip rooted, twelve speci- mens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 141. Two bunches, six in each, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 142. Wax, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. Green Pod, four premiums. 2 00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 144. Admiral Dewey, four premi- ums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 145. Telephone, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 146. Varieties not scheduled, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 147. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, July 15 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 148. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 149. Not to exceed 10 vases, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who are unable to compete in call for 20 vases. HOLLYHOCK.— No. 150. One vase, not to exceed 12 stalks, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 151. Not to exceed 25 vases, not more than 10 flower stems in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 152. 20 vases, one flower in each. four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RASPBERRY.— No. 153. Cuthbert, one quart, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 154. Golden Queen, three premi- ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 155. Varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY — No. 156. One quart, any named va- riety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23 CURRANT, A^^Y VARIETY.— No. 157. Twenty-four bunches, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 158. Summer, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens.— No. 159. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 .100 .50 POTATO.— No. 160. Any named variety, twelve specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 161. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, July 22 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 162. Twenty vases, four premi- ums, $3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 163. Open faced basket, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 164. Display, no restrictions, four premiums, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 165. Not to exceed 25 vases, 10 flower stems in vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 166. Table decoration of Sweet Peas, four premiums, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Entries to be made in advance. BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 167. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 168. Sweet Bough, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 169. Any other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR.— No. 170. Any variety named, five dollars may be used for prizes. BLACKBERRY.— No. 171. Agawam, one quart, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 25 No. 172. Early Harvest, three premi- ums, CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 173. Sweet, any variety named, four premiums, CUCUMBER.— No. 174. Three specimens, three pre- miums, TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 175. Any variety named, four pre- miums, CABBAGE.— No. 176. Any variety, four premiums, DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 177. Display vegetables, covering 16 square feet, 4 premiums. No. 178. Display vegetables, covering 9 square feet, three premiums, No person to compete for both displays. Notify the Secretary one day in advance 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, July 29 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 179. Not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ANTIRRHINUMS, snap dragon.— No. 180. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, four premiums, . 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 181. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 182. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 183. Yellow Transparent, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 184. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH.— No. 185. Any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY.— No. 186. Wachusett, one quart, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 187. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 188. Any variety named, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 189. Hebron, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 190. Irish Cobbler, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 191. Rose, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. Varieties not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 193. Any variety named, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN.— No. 194. Twelve ears, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, August 5 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 195. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 196. Not to exceed 10 vases, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who are unable to com- pete in the call for 20 vases. GLADIOLUS.— No. 197. Twenty vases, one spike in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 198. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL (nAMED) . No. 199. Twelve vases, one head in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA (named). — No. 200. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE. TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 201. Astrachan, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 202. Oldenburg, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 203. For varieties not scheduled, five ^dollars may be used for prizes. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 204. Giffard, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 205. Alexander, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 206. For any other variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 207. Red June, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 208. Dwarf Horticultural, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 209. Any other variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS, NOT LESS THAN TWELVE ROWS. No. 210. Four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 211. Marrow, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 212. Summer, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915> Thursday, August 12 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 213. One large vase, no restrictions, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 214. Comet, 20 vases, one bloom in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 215. Pompon, 20 vases, five sprays in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 216. Any other variety, 20 vases, one bloom in each, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 217. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 218. Not to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 219. Astrachan, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 220. Williams, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 221. Golden Sweet, three premi- • ums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 222. Clapp's Favorite, five premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Waddell, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31 No. 224. Any variety not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 225. Goddard, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 226. Pole, any variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 227. Any named variety, four pre- miums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, CROSBY. — No. 228. Twelve ears, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 229. Three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 230. Any variety named (except- ing summer varieties), three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 32 WORCESTER COUXTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday; August 19 ASTERS.— Xo. 231. Display, no restrictions, five premiums, S5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX. PERENNIAL. Xo. 232. Twenty vases, one head in each, four premiums. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBEXA.— Xo. 233. Xot to exceed 20 vases, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZIXXIA.— Xo. 23-4. Xot to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS, DISPLAY.— Xo. 235. Four premiums. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 236. Somerset, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 237. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CRAB APPLES, varieties not scheduled. — Xo. 238. Twenty-four specimens, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR. TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 239. Assomption, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 240. Petite Marguerite, three pre- miums, 1.50 1.00 .50 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33 No. 241. Rostiezer, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. Tyson, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH.— No. 243. Carmen, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 244. Cooledge, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM.— No. 246. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 247. Shell, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 248. String, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 249. Varieties not scheduled, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 250. Beauty, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 251. Any variety named, three spec- imens, four premiums, .2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 252. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded^ 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1915 Thursday, August 26 This exhibition will be open to the pubhc from 3 to 9 p. m. GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 253. Table display, no restrictions, five premiums, 14.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 LILIES.— No. 254. Display, four premiums, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CANNA.— No. 255. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, four premi- ums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. — No. 256. Vase of 20 blooms, four pre- miums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 257. Basket, four premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 258. Not to exceed 40 vases, no duplicate, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 259. Williams, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 260. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 261. St. Ghislain, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1915] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS.- No. 263. Champion, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 264. Foster, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 265. Moore's Arctic, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 266. Bradshaw, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 267. McLaughlin, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Washington, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. Gen. Hand, three premiums, 1.50 1.00 .50 m. 270. Imperial Gage, four premi- ums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 271. Jefferson, three premiums. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 272. Burbank, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1 nr\ i.UU .oU No. 273. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 274. Half-peck, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DWARF LHIA BEANS.— No. 275. Any variety, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, SWEET VARIETIES NOT SCHEDULED.— No. 276. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEPPER.— No. 277. Squash, 12 specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Ko. 278. Any other variety, 12 speci- mens, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1 nn i .uu .o. -±oz. oueei, inree specimenb, loui premiums. 1.50 1.00 .DKJ SALSIFY.— Xo. 433. Twelve specimens, three pre- miums, 1 no .50 SQUASH.— Xo. 434. Hubbard, three specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 435. Bay State, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 436. Any other variet}', four pre- miums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURXIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. ^\o. ■±o 1 . X uipie X op vjriooe, loui pieiiii- ums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 438. White Egg, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 439. White Swede, six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 440. Yellow Swede, six specimens, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1916] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 47 CORN.— No. 441. Field Corn, of 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, five premiums, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 9, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 1 0, open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 442. Twelve blooms, named, in vases, three premiums, $8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 443. Six blooms, named, in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 444. Best bloom, three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 445. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, white, of one named variety, three premiums, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 446. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, pink, of one named variety, three premiums, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 447. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, yellow, of one named va- riety, three premiums, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 448. Vase of six blooms, long stems, red, of one named variety, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 449. Vase of 20 blooms, mixed col- ors, three premiums, 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 450. Pompons, display in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 451. Single varieties, display in vases, three premiums, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 452. Specimen plants S30.00 in prizes. 1916] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 49 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS. No. 453. S85.00 may be awarded. Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, Nov. 1. No. 454. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — S50.00 may be used for prizes. No. 455. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no restric- tions), four premiums, 10.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 456. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibi- tors may elect, five premi- ums, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 Notif}' the Secretar}^ two days in advance. No. 457. Fancy Basket of x\pples, five premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 458. Fancy Basket of Pears, five premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES, WILLIAM FAMES FUND. A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1916 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, ' 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 6, 1916. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1916. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County under 14 years old Exhibition to be held Friday August 25th, 1916 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Mass. THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS Printers Friday, August 25 Display of flowers grown from seed, not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DRUMMOND PHLOX.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET PEAS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CHINA PINKS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ASTERS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 PETUNIAS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— Not to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COLLECTION OF VEGETABLES.— Twelve varieties, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Six varieties, four premiums, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Same person cannot compete in both classes. BEETS.— Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— Two specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 STRING BEANS.— Two quarts, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— Two quarts, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1916] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 53 CARROTS.— Six specimens, four premiums. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— Two specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CUCUMBERS.— Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under fourteen years old. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child in every way from the time of planting the seed to the gathering of the crop. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.15 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticul- tural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. I 1 Si Y f THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble J. Lewis Ellsworth Herbert R. Kinney Lucy M. CouLspN, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library A Naturalist in Western China, by Prof. E. H. Wilson. Rose Book, by H. H. Thomas. The Sweet Pea Annual, 1914-1915. Manual of Fruit Insects, by M. V. Slingerland and C. R. Crosby. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1914-1915. Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey. Productive Vegetable Growing, by John W. Lloyd. Productive Orcharding, by Prof. Fred C. Sears. Sweet Peas for Profit, by J. Harrison Dick. A Book About Sweet Peas, by Walter P. Wright. The Soil, by F. H. King. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, by W. J. Bean. The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Grov/ing, by George C. Thomas, Jr. The Nursery Book, by L. H. Bailey. 9th edition, 1914. Continuous Bloom in America, by Louise Shelton. Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton. The Well-Considered Garden, by Mrs. Francis King. The Garden Blue Book, by Leicester B. Holland. The Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 volumes. Cherries of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Robert's Rules of Order Revised. EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1916 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition Children's Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition \ Thursday, March 9, 3 to 10 p. m. ( Friday, March 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 11, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 22, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, July 20, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, August 24, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, August 25, 3 to 4.30 p. m. Thursday, September 21, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 12, 3 to 9 p. m. f Thursday, November 9, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Regular weekly exhibitions will be held on the following Thurs- day afternoons, open to the pubUc from 3 to 4.30 p. m., June 8, 15, July 6, 13, 27, August 3, 10, 17, 31, September 7 and 14. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edwakd W Arthur J. Marble H. Ward Moore Simon E. Fisher William J. Wheeler Breed, Chairman Albert H. Lange Leonard C. Midgley Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Lucy M. Coulson President, Arthur E. Hartshorn Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney ransactions of the Worcester County orticultural Society Reports of tlie Officers For the Year Ending December 1, 1917 And tlie Annual Meeting of 1918 Worcester, Mass. THE DAVIS PRESS 25 Foster Street 1918 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year president: CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester. VICE-PRESIDENTS : LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton; ALFRED H. KNIGHT, of Shrewsbury. secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. trustees: Joseph A. Allen, Harding Allen, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, William McAllister, Edward W. Breed, Herbert A. Cook, Benn M. Chamberlain, Charles W. Wood, William Anderson, Fred L. Chamberlain, Harry W. Goddard, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Allyne W. Hixon, Auburn Barre Leicester Leominster Millbury Whitinsville Clinton Shrewsbury Holden Shrewsbury S. Lancaster Worcester Mrs. Homer Gage, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Walter D. Ross, Fred H. Chamberlain, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Louis J. Kendall, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George C. Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler. Albert H. Lange, Simon E. Fisher, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES on Finance: Myron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1918. on library and publications: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, ON nomenclature: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice. ON arrangements and exhibitions Edward W. Breed, Chairman, H. Ward Moore, Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, President, Charles Greenwood, Simon E. Fisher, Leonard C. Midgley. Arthur E. Hartshorn. Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Benjamin C. Jaques, Of Flowers, Plants, etc. AUDITORS H. Ward Moore, JUDGES Alfred H. Green, Worcester, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury Arthur H. Bellows* Albert H. Lange, Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, President, Charles Greenwood, Of Vegetables MEDAL COMMITTEE Herbert A. Cook, ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse Charles Greenwood, Worcester. Leonard C. Midgley. Walter D. Ross, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Contents Annual Report for the Year 1917 Report of President ........ Report of Secretary ......... Report of Librarian .......... Report of Treasurer ......... Report of Auditors ......... Report of Finance Committee ....... Report of Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions Report of Judge of Flowers ....... Report of Judge of Fruit ........ Report of Judge of Vegetables ....... Report of Committee on Medals ...... Report of Committee on Winter Meetings ..... Annual Meeting for 1917-1918 ....... Lectures — The Flowery Kingdom — By Mr. Woon Young Chun, Shanghai, China. Better Business Methods for Vegetable Growers —By Mr. H. W. Tinkham, Warren, R. I. Mysteries of the Flowers — By Mr. Herbert W. Faulkner, Washington, Conn. Practical Management of Home Flower Gardens — By Prof. Arno H. Nehrling, Amherst, Mass. Ladies' Day — Musicale — By Boston Trio. Florida, the Land of Sunshine, Fruits and Flowers — By Mr. Ralph H. Howe, Worcester, Mass. With Longfellow in Evangeline Land —By Rev. Henry R. Rose, D.D., Newark, N. J. Luther Burbank, the Plant Wizard — By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Annual Reunion with Social Time, Dinner, Music, Speaking, and^ Dancing, WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For tke Year Ending December 1, 1917, and tke Annual Meeting of 1918 President's Peport The Society has had a very successful year considering the weather condi- tions, which were the worst of recent years, the season being so late it was necessary to set the schedule back one week for the entire summer. At the trustees' meeting in March a committee was appointed to suggest ways and means of extending the influence of the Society. The report of this committee contained some excellent recommendations, suggesting that one or two exhibitions be held for children between the ages of fourteen and twenty, thus keeping them interested until they are of an age to compete with their elders, with the aim in view that some of them will become exhibiting members. It was also suggested that the secretary or some other officer or member, from time to time, go to the county towns and endeavor to create an interest in this Society and its exhibitions, thus extending our influence all over the county. Another suggestion was that bulletins be prepared giving cultural directions for the growing of the various vegetables so that all applicants may have^ specific rules for their guidance; in this way we may be of great help to the amateur gardeners. Never has there been such an increase of amateur horticulturists as was seen the past season. This condition will continue another year at least and should be an inspiration to put forth our best efforts that this Society may hold the prominent position which it should. With many thanks to the committees for their efforts and to the members for their co-operation during the past year. Respectfully submitted, ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN. Secretary's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Our work for the past year has been carried on along the same general lines that the Society has followed for seventy-five years. Whether we could have done better by taking up some of the things that were more in the limelight is, perhaps, not for any one of us to answer. There is always a danger of an association as well as an individual getting into a rut or perhaps getting to be narrow as they grow old, but to me this seems to be better than to try to imi- tate some move that is apt to die in its infancy. We do not want to forget that we, as an association, have passed through many more trying times than we are having just at present, and as far as I can learn have kept along the same general line and while times are changing rapidly, there should be no fluttering of a society of this kind. We should be ever ready to improve but not too fast to throw down lines of work that have proved profitable. Our Winter Meetings have been carried on as usual and while the illus- trated ones draw the largest audiences, there may be danger of our straying from our line of education if we are not careful in choosing our lectures. There is one thing that we should consider in these lectures and that is that a good many of our members are no longer actively engaged in horti- culture, and having interesting lectures as we do in the afternoon it gives them an opportunity and an excuse for keeping up their interest in the Society. Our exhibitions of March 8th and May 10th were fine, but the season was so late that by the middle of June most things were behind our schedule. At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions held June 21st, the Rose Show and the Exhibitions during July, August, and Sep- tember, were put one week later than scheduled and even this was not enough in some cases. For the whole season the floral exhibits were excellent and classes well filled. Fruit was damaged in many places by the unfavorable weather when in blossom and some of the sections were badly damaged by hail August 20th, which reduced the number of exhibits and the quality of much that was shown. The vegetables were damaged in many places by the wet, cold spring and later by a short very hot spell, so that as a whole classes were not as well filled as some years. New members : Philip J. Adams Willis E. Sibley Everett E. Derby Chandler Bullock Olive A. Warren Nancy Smith Elizabeth T. Barton Walter W^. Currier George S. Barton Mabel Knowles Gage Curtis R. Blanchard Homer Gage Frank H. Sawyer Mary A. Coulson Harding Allen 6 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 Deceased members: Nathaniel Paine Roger F. Upham Walter J. Stone Frank J. Kinney Horace C. Fuller Sarah E. Brown Isabelle M. Whitney Caroline E. Boyden W. Atlee Putnam Scott T. Pierce Abram K. Gould Respectfullj^ submitted, H. R. KINNEY, Secretary. DECEMBER 13, 1916 Annual Meeting of the Trustees, December 13, 1916. Fifteen members present. Meeting was called to order at 10.15 a. m. by President Arthur E. Harts- horn. The Secretary read the call for the meeting. A letter from Arthur J. Marble, asking to be relieved from the Committee on Winter Meetings, was read by the Secretary. The Secretary read the report of our delegate to the Advisory Council of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, H. Ward Moore. This was voted accepted. The following committees were unanimously elected: Library and Publications: Edward W. Breed, Arthur J. Marble, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Herbert R. Kinney, Lucy M. Coulson. Nomenclature: Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, WilUam Anderson, George C. Rice, Herbert R. Kinney. Arrangements and Exhibitions: Edward W. Breed, Arthur J. Marble, H. Ward Moore, Simon E. Fisher, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Leonard C. Midgley, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, President Arthur E. Hartshorn, and Secretary Herbert R. Kinney. Auditors: Benjamin C. Jaques, E. Ward Moore. Judges: Flowers and Plants, William Nicholson, Framingham, Mass. Fruit, Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Vegetables, Charles Greenwood, Worcester, Mass. Medal Committee: Albert H. Lange, Herbert A. Cook, Leonard C. Midgley. Winter Meetings: Joseph K. Greene, Walter D. Ross, Myron F. Converse, President Arthur E. Hartshorn, Secretary Herbert R. Kinney. Delegate to the Advisory Council Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, H. Ward Moore. The Secretary read a hst of appropriations prepared by Treasurer Burt W. Greenwood. The President spoke about more premiums for the children but no action was taken. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes said that our Flower and Plant exhibits were increas- ing, especially exhibits outside of the schedule. 1917] REPORT OF SECRETARY On Mr. Simon E, Fisher's motion, $200 was voted for prizes. The following appropriations were voted for 1917: Flowers ...... Fruit . . . . . Vegetables ..... Prizes for Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables Salaries — Secretary Librarian Treasurer PubUcations Periodicals Children's Exhibitions Winter Meetings Adjourned. $1200.00 1000.00 650.00 200.00 500.00 600.00 150.00 400.00 100.00 . 100.00 500.00 HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. Librarian's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Your Librarian presents herewith her report for the year 1917, giving in detail the transactions for the year. There has been unusual interest shown this year in gardening, and to meet the expected demand for information there have been added many new and valuable books on this subject. In addition to the books on apples, grapes, plums and cherries of New York, the book on peaches is now available for reference. The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture in six volumes, by L. H. Bailey, is now complefe. Various government bulletins have been received and filed for ready refer- ence. Our Library table is well supplied with the current magazines on Horti- culture and Agriculture. The additions to the library during the year just closed, by purchase or by gift, will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletins, Nos. 440, 544, 564, 653, 662, 668, 722, 723, 725, 791. Monthly Lists of Publications, January to November, 1917. Washington, D. C. Yearbook, 1916. Annual Report of the Directors, Field Museum of Natural History, Report Series Vol. V, No. 2. Massachusetts Agricultural College, Extension Service, Circular, No. 10-13. Monthly Journal of Extension Work for Market Gardener. California Dahlia Society Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, 11. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, No. 5. Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Circulars, 65, 66, 71, 72. Canning by the Cold Pack Method. Thirtieth Report of the University of Nebraska, Bulletin. 158, Circular No. 1. Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations, 1916. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. XII, 1916. The Culture of Garden Roses, by A. C. Beal. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 183. My Growing Garden, by J. Horace McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, by Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. HambUn. Commercial Gardening, by John Weathers, 4 vols. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, by A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by M. G. Kains American Gardens, by Guy Lowell. The Book of the Peony, by Mrs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. 1917] REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 9 The Pecan, by Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. Meech. Trees, by "William Solotaroff. Vegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, by John J. Thomas. Fertilizers, by John F. Voorhees. Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Soil Fertility, by Alfred Vivian. The American Flower Garden, by Neltje Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. W. Meyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Garden, by W. P. Wright. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, by W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. Market Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage. Cauliflower and Allied Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. M. Hexamer. Melon Culture, by .;ames Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by W. B. Terry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushroom Growing, by B. M. Duggan. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Old Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, donated by Prof. U P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raymond Unwin. Publications and Periodicals: Country Life in America. Gardening. House and Garden. The Garden Magazine New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker. The Farm Journal The Country Gentleman The National Grange Monthly. American Florist. Horticulture. Florists' Exchange. Florists' Review. Gardeners' Chronicle. Park and Cemetery. The Guide to Nature. Rhodora. Orchard Review. The American City. The IModern Gladiolus Grower. Market Growers Journal. The Fruitman and Gardener. American Forestry. Arborea. The Touchstone. The Independent. English Publications: Garden. Gardening. Gardeners' Chronicle. Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian. December 1, 1917. o 'in (» d P o >H H O O o m < h3 O O o c« o « o u o o 00 o OOOOOtJhcOOOi-hOCO 1—1 o cr. -^"^ Cvf r-Tr-T m 00 00 o-^coooooooic OfOTtiiOOOtOiOOOCO COOOt^OJiOOOt^iOi— I o o O Tt^ o o o o o o iC to lO to CO CO ^ (M ^,4" CD l~H • ^ b£ O K o o 52 o-i 2--- -^'^ t» ^ o ^ ?R ^ O CO CD O O 02 O 00 o o to O CO o to (M 00' (M to tJ^ CO i-H O (M CO l-H o o ^ o ^ a; o ^ S ^ ^ (M ^ o o 1^ III Us) O 05 1-H CO X to CO « Oi 00 00 (N 00 00 CO Tt< o to CO Tf (N o ^ CJ -fJ > o . . o I O cu 53 ^ -tf o t- co to to t-i CO"'!^" £ - «^ 2 ^ ^ M lllil is a ^ Sh i-H o o o CO a> 05 CO O a CO .S '5 O C0^05iOOl>iOO0 to 05 LO CO (N O (N O Oi rJH CO O CD O CO CO CO o o (M Tj< O ■11 -go • o o "i g o 5 l>j CO M O o s § § ^ 73 CO c3 Oi o 00 ^ CO oi o CO cx) O CO (M O) 00 O (M CO 00 C > 03-^ 02 2 S,=^ P a> OS o3 G b£) 2 ^ r/3 w Ci o (1 c3 o EC eg K o -b C<2 0? O -Q f of of O q o q o q o q o o o q 00 to iM to CO I— 1 d d o CO_^ CO to CO co*^ of of 05 CO Tt^ to 05 CO 05 05 o3 o to g f-l (» ^ O) go ^ o PS 03 H O o ^ ffi o o Tl CD O ^ J? ^ O 03 o 02 Finance Committee Report To THE Officers and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: The labors of the Finance Committee during the past year have been of a routine nature and yet its members have dihgently striven to wisely dispose of the problems which have come in the due course of business. Our Nation is now engaged in the great European War, the effect of which will come with increasing force to every home and business enterprise. We, therefore, bespeak prudence in every line of effort in which this Society may be engaged during the coming year, and with especial emphasis do we invite your attention to our financial situation. There is but little opportunity for increased revenue from our property, although maintenance charges must be necessarily large. Our calculation of a few years ago provided, through increased store rental, for the gradual elimination of our mortgage indebtedness, and yet no payment has been made for some time on account of the principal sum thereof. It appears that even in normal times we have allowed a gradual increase in our current expenses to such an extent that our earlier good intentions, unconsciously perhaps, have been laid ^side. Retrenchment, therefore, through conservative appro- priations should be our motto with a view of providing for the present exi- gencies as well as the better to meet the new problems which are sure to come. Reference is made to the Treasurer's statement for information and sta- tistics relating to the subject matter of this report. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, Chairman. I Report of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions The season of 1917 will pass into history as an abnormal one. The weather as well as our international relations have been decidedly out of the ordinary. The late spring, a dry summer, an unusual hail storm, and an early fall, were not ideal conditions for an abundant harvest, but in spite of these our shows have been attractive and good specimens have adorned our tables, showing skill on the part of the exhibitors to conquer obstacles. The work of the committee has been done in a similar manner to that of last year, each one being responsible for one of the large exhibitions. The largest displays were made at the Spring and at the Chrysanthemum exhibitions. They were well attended, showing the interest which the public take in these exhibitions. The exhibition of Gladioli was not as large as on previous years, but there were specimens of excellent quality. The weather completely disarranged our programme for the Grape exhibi- tion but in spite of this the show was very creditable. The other exhibitions maintained their usual standard. The Children's exhibition was excellent and the attendance continues to increase, a feature that affords us much pleasure, for we realize that the chil- dren of today will be the officers of the future. The special displays in the different classes continue to attract attention and increase the popularity of our exhibitions. The table decorations have been very interesting, showing a great variety of taste and in some cases proving how effective a few flowers can be made. The committee has carefully considered the suggestions advanced by the special committee for improved conditions and we are favorably impressed with the idea of having the weekly exhibitions kept open later in the after- noon and of interesting children between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one in our exhibitions. We also believe our shows should have greater publicity for we feel that our attendance is not as large as it should be. These suggestions will be presented in detail before the Trustees next week. We hope that our exhibitors will strive for greater and better ideals in the coming year, and that the exhibitions of vegetables, which are now so exten- sively grown by all, may be made on a larger scale. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD W. BREED, Chairman. Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers To Worcester County Horticultural Society: This being my second year as official judge of plants and flowers I will say that the duties have been very pleasant and enjoyable and the competition has been close and the displays excellent. The feature of the Spring Exhibition in March was the display of Spring flower bulbs and plants by A. F. H. Lange, quahty and novelty of arrange- ment excellent; also the display of E. W. Breed, novelty gardens very fine, especially the Viburnum Carlesi as a forcing shrub, very fine. Iristhorpe Garden display very good and skilfully arranged. Carnation display very good. Rar.dall Flower Shop display of Roses — Ophelia, Sunburst, Tipperary, Aron. Ward arrangement and quality of blooms excellent. There was an excellent display of Primula Malacoides Rosea. The May exhibition was very good but was handicapped by a cold, late Spring which upset the schedule for the whole season, being one to two weeks late. The table decorations were very fine and competition very close. June Exhibition very good but not as good as last year, owing to cold, wet Spring. Iristhorpe Gardens had an excellent display of Sweet Peas and well deserved the Cultural certificate awarded. July. The H. P. Roses were very good considering the late season, the Ram- bler Roses not being open at the Annual Rose exhibition. Digitalis were very good. Campanula Media poor. July 19. Sweet pea exhibit, excellent display from Iristhorpe and Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, and competition very close. July 26. Excellent display of Iris from Iristhorpe for which a silver medal was awarded. August. There was an excellent display of Gladioli and Lilies, worthy of special mention the fine vase of Gladioli Beacon, a splendid bright red, raised by Riverbank Gardens, Saxonville, Mass. The Dahlia exhibition was poor, owing to the early frost which spoiled the flowers of some of the largest and best growers. November. The Chrysanthemum exhibition was very good. Alfred H. Knight had a well-arranged group of Chrysanthemum flowering plants. Especially fine was a lot of well-grown plants of Begonia Glory DeChatelaine, one of the very best Begonias today for the house and out-of-door planting; also well-arranged groups of flowering plants and Chrysanthemums by A. F. H. Lange, E. W. Breed, Iristhorpe gardens and L. C. Midgley; also extra fine vase 16 WORCESTER HORTICULTTRAL SOCIETY 11917 of mixed clin-saiithemuins from John C. Whitin. .AJso a very fine basket of Cosmos and a fine table of Tuberous Begonias from Miss Lucy Coulson. Carnation displays of Alfred H. Knight and S. J. Goddard were ver\- good. A. N. Pierson, Cromwell, Conn., display of Pompom and single Chiysanthe- mums and New Seedling Roses, "Mrs. Henr>- Winnett" and "M. Colette Martinette" were very fine. One of the features of the exhibition was the excellent display of the New Pink Rose. Boston, by the Randall Flower Shop, raised by the Montgomery- Co., Hadley. Mass. Respectfully submitted, WILLUM XICHOLSOX, Judge of Flowers and Plants. Report of Judge of Fruit The season of 1917 was cold arid cloudy, causing vegetation to grow very slowly during the months of April, May, and June. July and August gave us good seasonable weather. Severe thunder showers and hail storms visited parts of Worcester county, and did much damage to fruits and vegetables, making it difficult to secure perfect specimens. The exhibits of apples were not up to the usual standard, although they showed a better color than those of last year. There were not as many exhib- itors as in former years, but the exhibition^ have shown a better quality of fruit. Grapes developed slowly on account of the cold, backward spring, but the heat of the July and August days ripened those on high land where they escaped the early frost, better than last year. There was a very excellent showing of grapes September 27th and October 11th. One very desirable feature of the exhibitions this year has been the displays of fruit in their seasons, strawberries, cherries, pears, apples and mixed fruits. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as follows: Strawberries 46, raspberries 7, currants 22, cherries 30, gooseberries 4, blackberries 9, plums 49, peaches 30, grapes 48, quinces 11, apples 197, pears 102, making a total of 555, 27 more than last year. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT A. COOK, Judge of Fruit. Report of Judge of- Vegetables The season opened March 8 with a good exhibition of -^-inter vegetables with some parsley and lettuce from greenhouses. A marked feature of this exhibition was the forced rhubarb, shown by H. R, Kinney. It would seem by this exhibit that perfection had been reached, that there was no chance for improvement. On May 10 there was a fine showing of parsnips together with lettuce, rad- ishes, and dandelions; a box of radishes from A. E. Hartshorn were remarkably fine and won a well-merited prize. Of all the seasons when the weather failed to make close connections with our schedule, 1917 holds the record. The many unfavorable conditions that prevailed throughout the season are too fresh in mind to be recounted here; suffice it to say that even after setting the exhibitions ahead one week, the schedule rarely filled, but notwithstanding these adverse conditions, after waiting Dame Nature's pleasure, the great variety of vegetables were shown in the usual excellent quality. On June 14 there was the usual fine showing of asparagus, spinach, and rhu- barb with greenhouse beets and cucumbers. The exhibitions during the early summer brought out the usual close com- petition and fine quahty of beets, beans, cabbages, peas, summer squashes, tomatoes, etc. The special exhibits» of vegetables on small tables held the usual place of honor at different times. Potatoes were of fine quality and the exhibition August 2 brought out a display of great merit. September 6 was marked by a fine showing of celery and special display of tomatoes, that from Iristhorpe being especially fine. September 13 was melon day and there was one of the best lots of melons ever seen in the hall. George H. Rogers made a special display and was awarded a special prize. The exhibition on September 20 was one of the best of the season, bringing out a fine display of celery, cabbages, and squashes. On this date George H. Rogers made a special display of squashes with decorations which made a very attractive corner. The collections of vegetables September 27 were of the usual high order. The season closed October 11 with a fine display of late fall vegetables, the special feature of which was the display of green Hubbard squashes, the best ever seen in the hall. CHARLES GREENWOOD, Judge of Vegetables. Report of Medal Committee Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society : The Medal Committee submit to you their report for the year 1917. We have awarded Silver Medals and Certificates of merit as follows: Iristhorpe Japanese Iris (Hadwen). July 26th, 1917. E. J. Taylor, Newport, Mass. Sweet Peas. Amateur most prizes. (Hadwen). Awarded at Boston Exhibition, July 7-8, 1917. A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Conn. Rose, "Mrs. Henry Winnett," (Blake) Fred Dorner & Sons Co., La Fayette, Ind. Seedling Carnation "Laddie," (Blake). Nov. 8-9, 1917. Certificate of Merit. Iristhorpe Sweet Peas, June 28th, 1917. A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Conn. Rose "Madame Colette Martinette," Nov. 8-9, 1917. A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Conn. Display Single and Pompom Chrysanthemums, Nov. 8-9, 1917. ALBERT H. LANGE, Chairman Medal Committee. Report of the Committee on Winter Meetings The course of lectures for 1917 was both entertaining and instructive and was well attended. The program for the season follows: January 4, Lecture — The Flowery Kingdom, Mr. Woon Young Chun of Shanghai, China. January 11, Lecture — Better Business Methods for Vegetable Growers. Mr. H. W. Tinkham, Warren, R. 1. January 18, Lecture — Mysteries of the Flowers. Mr. Herbert W. Faulk- ner, Washington, Conn. January 25, Lecture — Practical Management of Home Flower Gardens. Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, Amherst, Mass. February 1, Ladies' Day — Musicale. Boston Trio. February 8, Lecture — Florida, the Land of Sunshine, Fruits and Flowers. Mr. Ralph H. Howe, Worcester, Mass. February 15, Lecture — With Longfellow in Evangeline Land. Rev. Henry R. Rose, D.D., Newark, N. J. February 22, Lecture — Luther Burbank — Plant Wizard. Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. March 1. Annual Reunion. Respectfully submitted, J. K. GREENE, Chairman. The Flowery Kingdom By Mr. Woon Young Chun, Shanghai, China Mr. Woon Young Chun, a native of Shanghai, China, addresse.d members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society at the first of a series of winter meetings given by the Society. The speaker and his subject, "The Flowery Kingdom," proved to the audience one of the most interesting events given under the direction of the Society for some time. After the lecture the audi- ence asked the young speaker many questions regarding his native country, its people, and their methods. In his opening remarks, after being introduced by the president of the Society, Arthur E. Hartshorn, he said, in part: "It is with considerable feehng and trembling I have come to address you, for I am an insignificant student from my country, and we are always afraid when addressing an audience of Americans that we make some unhappy blunder. "China is to Americans a misrepresented country. The average and the great majority of Chinese coming to this country represent the lowest type of our people from the slums of our cities. "Missionaries have greatly misrepresented us. They go to China to work among the unfortunate ones there and they return to you and, to win your sympathy, dwell on the dark side of things. "China was a nation long before many of the other powers of Europe and the East, and thousands of years ago, writing was invented in my country, when the English people were going around naked. "The Chinese have developed a literature that is not excelled and a govern- ment that has lasted for hundreds of years. Then you say, why is China so backward? "If China is backward, it is not due to the mentality of the Chinese people. There are two factors concerning this, the attitude of the people and their geographical location. We do not look upon life as you people, the Chinese people take pleasure in the inner things in life and are of a calm, contented frame of mind. They do not want to go through life with the burden of auto- mobiles, houses, etc., on their shoulders. You Americans think that just because things are different in China they are necessarily inferior, but that is not so. "There are certain factors which have a direct bearing on the progress of China, and chief among them is the geographical location. On the west China is bounded by great mountains which form an impassable barrier. On the north are the desert plains inhabited by wild roaming people from whom China could not derive any culture. On the east and south is the great Pacific Ocean, which until the advent of the steamboat, formed a barrier. The Chinese people had to develop themselves from savagery to their compara- tively high state of civilization. Every bit of civilization the Chinese have 22 "SVORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 is due to themselves. In Europe the countries are so close together that the Hves of one nation are closely connected ^ith the hves of the others. No sooner does the American inventor demonstrate the practicabihty of some new thing than the European scientist and inventor perfect the plans. ''America is great and powerful because she is the newest bom, because to her fall the accumulated knowledge and experience of all mankind. It is perfectly reasonable for China to be represented in the schools of this country-; it is perfectly proper for us, the oldest nation in the world, to come to sit at the feet of the newest born. "The fact that China was isolated from the rest of the world has given rise to peculiar conditions. China is as large as the United States, with a wonder- ful range of temperature and cUmate. ''China Ues between the 20° and 50° latitude, whereas the United States extends only from 30° to 50° latitude, so that China extends 10° further south than the United States, and has a greater range of climate. In southern China we have rice, mango, and a very great number of other semi-tropical plants. In northern China we have very cold weather. In this country, especially in the eastern part of the United States, there are very few ranges which extend beyond 600 feet in height whereas in eastern China we have mountains that are 15,000 to 20,000 feet high. Of course that gives rise to a greater variety of crops. "The climate has had considerable to do with the character of the Chinese people, also the isolation of the country'. They were shut in by themselves and so had to develop an entirely new system of doing things. China has 400,000,000 people, and these people Uve principally on rice. The Chinese have been farmers for fourteen centuries, and agriculture is highly developed there. The average farms are only about two and a half acres, and on this smaU area the Chinese can support a family of five or six adults and several children. They can support an average of several thousand people to the square mile, whereas in this country, where the farmers have 70 acres or more of land, they complain that they have not enough room, that they are crowded. "The people work very hard for a small pittance and yet they are happy and contented. They hve in huts or cottages hke those of the Irish peasants. The roof is thatched, and there is usually only one room in the house. They use coarse, tough, fibrous paper for windows, and when this becomes dirty they remove it and put in new paper. In one corner of the room is the family bed. It is built of brick and underneath it is a small oven. Before going to bed they build a fire in it, which is kept going all night. A qmlt is spread over the bricks for a mattress. WTien it gets dark they retire, imless the Standard Oil Company has penetrated into those regions by this time. " Unf ortimately the high cost of U\-ing has also apparently affected China. Last week I received a letter from my sister in which she wrote that eggs are actually ten cents a dozen, and that chickens which formerly sold for thirty- five cents, now cost fifty cents apiece. "They raise sheep largely for wool. They have discovered, however, that if you feed a certain kind of food to hogs you get a greater proportion of meat so they hve largely on hog meat. Poultry- is used to a greater extent, however.. 1917] THE FLOWERY KINGDOM 23 The Chinese housewife attends to the marketing herself, and chickens and fish are always bought alive. She picks out the chicken she wants, and the man kills and dresses it right there. Nearly every farmer has a little fish pond. The fish are kept alive in big tanks in the market. The housewife points to the one she wants, and it is taken out of the tank, killed and dressed. "The main crop is rice, and yet every blade of rice is transplanted by hand. From one acre of rice they can plant ten others. When the rice gets to be about eight inches high, it is transplanted. They tie the rice into bundles, and the women scatter the bundles over the fields. Then the men stick the blades in the soil. The land is first flooded so that the blades are easy to place in the soft soil. When the rice is ready for cutting, it is cut and thrashed by hand. The stalks are saved for matting and bagging, and the refuse is used for fuel. "The tea crop is also important in China. It looks very much like a box hedge. In raising a melon crop they do not allow the vines to run all over the ground but train them on to trellises. In raising cucumbers they only allow the roots to remain in the ground and train the vines on trellises. They plant strawberries and other small fruit in between the trellises. In southern China we grow two crops of rice and two crops of something else in the same field in the same year. The rainfall in southern China falls mainly during the growing season of the crops. Two crops of rice, a crop of radishes and a crop of cabbage might be gro"«Ti in one year. "The fields are very highly fertilized. China has been farmed for forty centuries and today the soil is better than it was then. The Chinese people were the first to discover the use of manure as a fertihzer. Every bit of human waste is utilized, and is scattered over the fields. The canals are dredged and the sediment is scattered over the soil. They have twice as many miles of canals in China than we have miles of railroads in this country. "I shall now teU you something about forestry in China. China has always been held as an example of what deforestation does to a country. The Chi- nese people have not deforested their country because of capital; they needed the wood and cut it as they need it. It was so gradual, however, that they did not realize how greatly the forests were depleted. China was once almost entirely covered by forests and the effects of deforestation have been rather startling. The Yellow River, also called the Chinese Sorrow, is an example of the effects of deforestation. In the olden days it ran clear, but now it is a system of rapids and torrents in the rainy season, and runs dry in the dry season. In 1866 the Yellow River overflowed its banks, covering twenty thou- sand acres of land. It was the cause of the death of four million people, and it was due largely to deforestation. "Deforestation has meant an economic burden of considerable severity to the people. They use brick and stone instead of wood for houses, although wooden houses are cool in the summer and vrarm in the winter. The cost of dying has also gone up because of the lack of wood. The coffins are made of the thickest and most durable wood that they can find, and are very expensive. "The Chinese government today is remedying this, and they are under- taking a scheme for reforestation. They are sending students to this country 24 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 to study forestry so that they can help them in this great work. A friend of mine is lecturing in every important city in China to thousands of people on this subject. "If you should suddenly find yourself in northern China you would hardly know where you were. The vegetation in northern China, and throughout the whole northeastern and central section is so much like that of the United States that you can hardly tell the difference. It requires an expert to dis- tinguish the American Ehn from the Chinese Elm. China is very rich in flora. Of the 692 species of plants found in both countries, 155 are common to both countries, 158 are characteristic of this coimtry, and 379 are charac- teristic of China. There are 165 species of broad leaved trees in this country and China combined. With the exception of the hickory and one or two other broad leaved trees that j'ou are familiar with, everything occurs in China. Although China has a greater number and variety of trees, the trees in this country are larger and more valuable. In China we have no belt of pines, and the indi\'idual trees are smaller. VCe have some big trees but none of them ever attain the size of the enormous trees in Cahfornia. We have firs, piaes, beech, birch, and maple trees. "The United States, I am happy to say, owes considerable of its floral wealth to the Chinese people. The chrj'santhemum, wistaria, peony, the wild primrose, and various roses of the tea rose tj-pe, have been obtained from China, also various vegetables and fruits. The Enghsh walnut is a native of China. The peach originated in China, and some people say the pear did also. "I should like to tell you something more about the Chinese habits of life, for there are many things that the .\merican people do not understand. One of the things that has been misunderstood is in regard to the Chinese habit of infanticide. They come to me and ask if the Chinese women destroy the girl babies that they do not want. I have never seen a so-caUed baby tower. In times of famine or flood the women would rather destroy their children than have them sold into slavery, but that very seldom happens. Everybody that goes to China for three weeks must write a book about China, and of course they strike upon the unusual things. All you have to do is to stop and think that of all the marriages in China, fully one half of the partici- pants are women; then you wonder where all the girls come from. "The matter of marriage is also misunderstood. The Americans consider our custom of marriage immoral or unmoral. Marriage is possibly the most serious step in hfe and it should not be left to the whims, likes or dishkes, or emotions of inexperienced young people. The parents have been through the mill, so to speak, and they understand the characters of their children and they try to match two people of like temperament. In China the parents do all the hard work. The father of a son of marriageable age goes to the father of a daughter of marriageable age and says: "I believe that your precious daughter and my humble worthless son would make a worthy match, and I would settle a do^Ty on the young couple. " The young man is then brought to the notice of the girl or photographs are exchanged. If the young people have no serious objections the marriage takes place. In China love making begins with marriage, and does not end with marriage as in so many foreign 1917] THE FLOWERY KINGDOM 25 countries. They try to accommodate themselves to each other, and in this way they manage to get along very well. You very seldom hear of divorces in China. The Chinese boys and girls today are too far advanced and too much westernized to allow their parents to make a match for them, however. I know of a young girl who eloped with two young men to Japan because she did not know which one she wanted. There she decided on one of them and the other returned to China broken-hearted. I hope some day they will strike a happy medium. "China is fast changing along every line. They are rapidly becoming mil- itarized. The Japanese say, 'We sent you our embroideries, our paintings, our arts and crafts, and you still regard us as barbarians. But when we show you our ability as fighters, then you regard us as equals. ' We hope that the Chinese will not be forced to take that stand, for if they should ever be forced into a war, the world would receive a greater set-back than this war has given. "In such a world as this life is fragmentary and incomplete, and every man must know for himself something of its sorrows. Let us be kind one to another and let us Uve on each side of the Pacific in peace and friendliness. Let us benefit mutually by international trade and commerce. Above all, let us live in one big brotherhood. " Better Business Methods for Vegetable Growers By W. H. Tixkham, of Warren, R. I. Januar\' 11, 1917 I am going to tell you our problem; if it fits you, all right, if you can get any good from it all the better. Nine years ago in Providence we were in just the condition you are in here in Worcester. Some think Worcester is ahead of Providence. The consum- ing public is not being properly served and the producers are not being proper- ly served. Nine years ago we got together because we were forced together for economic reasons. It would be a God-send to your Worcester market gardeners if they were forced to the same thing. We got together and formed an association for mutual self help. We did very well on our market simply because it is a Central Market. Since we got together and had the Central- ized ^Market there is no such thing as going from store to store, because the farmer can be better served from the Centralized Market. We procured for ourselves a central place; we asked nobody any favors; we owned the place as a co-operative movement. It is no part of my business to think of the consumer, but you cannot have any advancement in your own market -without the public benefit. There were two hundred and seven of us. The very fact of our having some little self interest in the place where we stood, the very fact of better acquaintance with our neighbors, the very fact of the public going there, put them on a better psychological ground. This last year we had a Bureau ^Market man there trying to find out where the coUusibn was, trj-ing to find out why everybody sold at the same price. People do not believe that two hundred and seven farmers will stick to a price because it is a stated price. We calculate to keep a supply and demand market. If any single person wishes to sell at a lower price he is at perfect hberty to do so. The Directors get together every morning and talk over what the demand will be. And another thing that we have which you do not; every morning at 6 o'clock we have telegraphic advices of prices from aU the big centers, such as Boston, New York, Fall River, Worcester, etc., and we know what the market is. We have got you fellows beaten before you start, because aU you know is that this store will offer so much. Every morn- ing these prices are public property to every person using the market. Do all the people that use the market belong to the Association? Not by any means. This furnishing the prices of what the market is in other cities has estabilized prices. Do we ever ship out? We very often ship out. We often ship to Worcester, and at a much less price than we sell for ourselves. That is a description of what we have been doing. We are going to take one more step. We are going to get a Government ofl&cial to study that market. He is going to take account of what is raised and see what it is worth. 1917] BETTER BUSINESS METHODS FOR VEGETABLE GROWERS 27 We are going to tell the public every morning what we expect for the next two or three days and what the prices are expected to be. I have never yet seen the time when the housewives buy goods to can at the right time. The grocery man doesn't care, the wholesaler doesn't care, but the man that is to blame is the man that grows it, because he doesn't tell the housewife what he produces today. We propose to tell Mrs. House- wife, "Next week tomatoes will be in large supply and you better begin to can, in fact you better do most of your canning in the next ten days." We are going to try to get fifty or sixty cents for the pick of our tomatoes instead of twenty-five cents, as we have always got. The increase in the use of carrots has been 50% in five years. There are a hundred different ways to use carrots, there is a great percentage of iron in carrots, but the highest per- centage of iron is in spinach. We are not going to trustee prices; we are going to trust to prices. We are going to do it by taking the public into our confidence. We are being driven to it. A man who does a business of $60,000 a year said two weeks ago, "I do not know what to do; I have got to have my boys at home. " It is a problem of labor. The country has got to pay more for wages. From now on the farm- ers of Worcester County have got to pay more wages and work as short hours as in the city and they have got to pay the penalty because they are a few miles away from moving pictures and the red lights of Worcester. If a farmer has ten hands he has got to be in ten places to watch them all. We get the help that do not want to work. We have got to have the young fellows with snap, energy, brains, and initiative at home. Our idea is to ship our goods in and have it standardized. We do not be- lieve that the State helps us. We do not believe that we gain strength by leaning on any one. We are going to try an experiment. We are going to hire two or three men to work out better methods. We know what to do but we don't know how to do it. I was out in Wisconsin six years ago and the farmers there were getting two and a quarter cents for milk. They got tired of that and co-operated making cheese and selling it. They hired a bright young man for the year and when they asked him what he would want to manage their creameries for them for a year he said $3600. The farmers all fainted. He finally took one-eighth of a cent a pound for a contract for five years and in two years he was getting $5600, and they were getting four and three-quarters cents a quart instead of two and one-quarter. Half a dozen of us are going to hire a man and have him make a written agreement with us and let him say every day whether Mr. Tinkham's spinach is all No. 1 or half No. 1. We are going to make him our standardizer for the whole season. This last year I could sell my peaches for $1.50 and I caught myself putting a lot of seconds in, because I was getting $1.50 a basket for them. If a man grows the stuff himself he had better keep away from it. Just as soon as the public knows that the grade of any single vegetable that you grow is No. 1, just so soon you will have taken away all effort to sell it. 28 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 If you are a wholesaler or a housewife you can buy a barrel of cabbage at the same price. If the wholesaler wants 20 barrels, of course he can buy it cheaper. All over Massachusetts a bushel box is a bushel box, isn't it? It isn't a bushel box; it is five pecks. All you market gardeners for fifty years have been selling everj-thing you sent to market five pecks for a bushel. A bushel of tomatoes weighs 56 pounds but the box weighs 60. The law says that apples shaU weigh 48 pounds to a bushel. There are 37 pounds to a bushel of Bell Flower apples but the law of Massachusetts says they weigh 48 pounds. A bushel of parsnips will weigh 45 pounds in November. Naturally the public doesn't want to eat parsnips until March; what do the same parsnips weigh in March? About 32 pounds. If you put twelve pounds of spinach in a box you cannot sell it because people buy by their eyes instead of by weight. The Massachusetts Law says a bushel of spinach shall weigh twelve pounds. There isn't one thing that comes up from the South that is within gun shot of the weight, and yet no one ever says anj-thing about it. There is none of your spinach, kale, early lettuce, not one single thing that is standardized, or that comes anj-where near weighing up to the law. The man we are planning to have will standardize all goods in the market, after they come in. Our Association is 23^ Yankees, 61^ Italians and the rest, no one knows what. These foreigners come to the meetings and interpreters explain things to them and in six or seven years not one has kicked. It is the immigrant boy of today that will rule tomorrow. The farmers own the land where they have their stalls. They sell to the commission merchants if they xsish to h\iy at the regular price, they do not figure on percentage at all. The President and Secretary told us at the State House that during our season we sold 92 of all the produce sold in town. The farmers give no credits to any man, and make no deliveries for any man. The biggest merchant in Providence cannot buy on credit in this market. We are going to figure on paying three dollars a day and getting fifty cents' worth of help. We have got to work city hours. There is no reason why the farmer should work one hour longer than the city laborer. I beUeve that 75% of the products sold in our market were grown by men that would not work more than ten hours a day. Mysteries of the Flowers By Mr. Herbert W. Faulkner, of Washington, Conn. January 18, 1916 Friends of the Horticultural Society of Worcester and President, it is a great pleasure to come before you this afternoon to tell you what I have learned about the mysteries of the flowers. I will first reveal what the mysteries are about. If you wish to learn the language of the flowers you have to have a master to teach the terms of the language and the vocabulary before you can speak it. Through the efforts of Hamilton Gibson, a great scientist, I was able, led by his hand, to learn about the wild flowers which grow around my house. Hamilton Gibson was an eminent artist, as well as an eminent botanist and he invented a series of charts which I will show you, which explain the action of the flowers as mechanisms. I vriW show you very soon that there are wonder- ful mechanisms made out of the flowers. The charts were locked up and put away, on his death, and almost forgotten, but this afternoon I propose to reveal the mysteries of the flowers by these charts of Mr. Gibson's. The first mystery of the flowers was the mystery of the pollen; what the pollen did. My mother explained to me that this was what made the seed, that this had to faU upon the pistil to make it grow. We all know that the pollen has to fall upon the pistil in order to make the seed, but that simple truth was unknown for many years. The next great mystery that was solved was the mystery of the color, the nectar, and the fragrance. In Germany there was a fine old school master who was attracted to the flowers, first by the love of them and then in the second place by the interest he found in the fact that the bees and the insects visit only those flowers which have color, nectar, and fragrance and seemed to neglect those which had not those three things. So he wrote a very large, important volume to prove that it was the bee which carried the pollen from the stamen up to the pistil. In every case like the trees, where the flowers have no nectar and no perfume, they are cross-fertilized by the wind. The scientists soon discovered difficulties which were involved. There were flow- ers, as you know, where the pollen-making flowers are on one branch and the seed-making flowers are on another. And there were cases where the pistil was very long and projected down the stamen, so that the transfer could not be made by the insects. In 1859 a scientist wrote a very interesting book, and he said that the theory of Christian Conrad Sprengler, the eminent German scientist, was true as far as it went, but it did not go far enough. 30 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 If flowers are grown from seeds which have been cross-fertilized the seedhngs come up and vary greatly from the parent flower. Some will not be adapted to present surroundings. The flowers attract their purchasers, very much as the stores attract their purchasers, by means of advertising. They put out posters. The bright leaves are posters to let it be known that there i^ honey for sale within. Within the flower there are certain schemes for the protection of the honey from the rain, and lastly to insure cross-fertilization there are certain little mechanical contrivances to insure that the bee takes the pollen away to another flower. The parts of the flower are the calyx, the corolla, in the center is the pistil with the ovule, which ultimately become the seeds, then the small style and at the top the stigma. Next I wish to show you certain difficulties which were in the way of the acceptance of this application. Certain flowers were found where the pistil was taller than the stamen so that the pollen could not fall upward, naturally. Here you have the pistil so much taller than the stamen that, as you see, the pollen is falling downward and here is another case where the pollen could not fall inward, because the anthers grow so close together that the pollen falls outward and not inward. It is unfortunate that this theory should not have gone sufficiently far to explain the true mystery of the flowers, for naturally, when the philosopher was so far along on the right track it seemed a pity that nearly one hundred years' progress should have been lost, as such was the case. I came upon a curious thing in regard to thistles; that certain ones, in order to protect themselves from pests, have a way of putting sugar upon the calyx portion to attract and hold certain ants, and these ants, before the flower bud opens, are fierce warriors to protect the bud from the attack of beetles. A view of the Indian Corn shows you a flower which is cross-fertilized by the wind. The stamens on the corn hang by a minute thread ready to dust their pollen by a breath of wind. Go out into your garden some day after a rain storm and you will find in the Iris that the rain shutters have curved in to protect the pollen, which is natu- rally untouched. I have heard the Iris called the poor man's orchid. Here we have a picture of the Lupin. This opens in the most remarkable way so that the bee can enter, and the stamens are protected in the most remarkable way. This is a picture of the Trumpet Creeper which is visited by the Ruby- Throated Humming Bird. Here is our much-beloved Mountain Laurel which actually throws its pollen as a boy throws a bean out of a bean shooter. The Milkweed is so inconspicuous in color that you would be liable to pass it by, but it has a most delicious fragrance. This is a view of the Pink Lady Slipper. The bee lights on a little sack of the flower. The next slide shows that he has made his visit and he is emerging out of the top. He enters from below and climbs up a narrow staircase and out of the opening there. He can never go in the opposite direction. 1917] MYSTERIES OF THE FLOWERS 31 If cross fertilization does not take place sooner or later the flower will run out. You cannot go on always taking cuttings of a plant. Our potatoes Buffer somewhat. There were four or five varieties which were known to our grand-parents which we no longer have and cannot be found. Here we have a chart representing the Snap Dragon and I have this to show how the cross fertilization works in case of a flower which grows in flowerets around the central stalk. For protection from the rain it closes up tight which protects the inside of the flower. The bee lights on this petal or landing stage and so opens the flower and goes in head foremost and there is just room enough in there for the honey bee or bumble bee. It so happens here that the pollen has blown away and as he has brought no pollen he leaves this flower without any effect, whatever. Bees have a curious way of beginning with the lower flower; those are riper than the flowers higher up. The Lupin is of the same family as the sweet pea where the heart of the flower is protected by having the stamens, pistil and pollen all in a pod and having a leaf over them which the bee can open and enter, but when he leaves it will close again. In the case of the Pitcher Plant; the stamens and pistil are not visible at all. They are concealed under a little green umbrella, so that if the bee wishes to get at the sweets he must land on this and crawl down under this umbrella and crawl out again, leaving the center of the flower entirely protected against moisture. The most remarkable of all is the Blue Gentian. The flower never opens. The bee knows enough to open it. I have seen a bumble bee bore his way into the flower, help himself and the flower closes of itself. From the very fact that it has a blue color you may be pretty sure that it makes an effort to attract the insects. There are three flags which droop down around the center, forming landing stages on the Iris. From the center hangs the style divided into three parts forming canopies which droop over. If you lift up one of these little canopies you will find stamen shedding pollen under these canopies. The bee must light on the flag and crawl in under the canopy. The long, slender canopy is the pistil. Here comes the bee alighting on this flag, rather crowded, and reaches down into the flower to get the nectar. As he passes under this little anther he gets pollen on his back. There is a little trap or valve that closes over the pistil as he leaves so that there is no self-fertilization. He approaches another flower and that little lip acts as a scraper and. as he crawls under there this scraper takes off the pollen under the pistil and the flower is fertiUzed. In the Trumpet Vine there is a long pistil extending the whole length of this flower and at the outer end a little scraper. The Humming Bird comes along and in order to enter the flower he puts down his wing, because the flower is too close, and his tongue is long enough to let him reach far in and just as he enters the flower he gets a charge of pollen on his head, and carries it to another flower on his head, where it is rubbed off by the little stigma. In the Milk Weed the petals are bent back to reveal the center of the flower; there are the honey horns or pollen pockets between the honey horns, and in between is the pistil where the ovules and stigma are concealed. The only 32 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 access to them is through these pollen pockets. The pollen is not the dusty stuff as in some other flowers, but is very much like croquettes. All the insects are very fond of the nectar of the milk weed. The bumble bee lights upon the head of the flower, he crawls down and holds himself by his hind legs by the neck of the flower and reaches upward from the petal to get the honey out of the honey horn where he hangs until he has quenched his thirst; then he drops a bit and in dropping, his legs slip into those pockets and he brings out a piece of the pollen on his legs. I have seen a bee with eleven pieces of this pollen on his legs. Clover is absolutely dependent upon the work of the bees. The sack of the Lady Slipper traps the honey bee and he loses himself in the sack. He cannot get away and he throws himself from side to side and tries to get out. After a little he gets common sense and discovers his only way of escape is like a little chimney over his head and so he climbs up and and gets into the little narrow place. There is a place where the stigma over- hangs the opening and in crawling out he rubs against one of the anthers an gets a charge of pollen and so escapes. The Orchid has an exceedingly long hone}^ well and the stigmatic surface is just inside the stamens. The pollen is formed in little pockets on either side and it is in the form of a club. Now the insect which is most fond of visiting the orchid is the moth and he has a tongue which is able to reach clear to the bottom of this well. He reaches far in and even his eyes go just where they will be touched by the adhesive disk. He carries this pollen when he flies away, on his eye. So it is always, the pollen from this flower to the stigma of the next and so on. In every case where the pollen is made up into a kind of croquette or club, the insect carries the whole thing away. Practical Management of Home Flower Gardens By Prof. Arno H. Nehrling, Amherst, Mass. January 25, 1917 Ladies and gentlemen, I am very glad to have an opportunity to talk to the flower lovers of Worcester. First of all I want to say that I think you are doing the wise thing when you give this matter of the home flower garden thought at this time of the year. This is only January 25th and it seems early to be thinking about flower gardens, but nevertheless it is not too early. You ought to be getting busy with your catalogues and planning just what you are going to plant and where you are going to plant it. Let us go back a few steps and trace gardening to its present developments. History of gardens and gardening is intensely interesting. Four thousand years before Christ a splendid fruit and vegetable garden was inscribed on the tomb of its o\NTier. On the Roman Hillsides, the terraces which were cut out first of necessity to prevent wash-outs^ were soon utilized for trees and plants, for the Romans enter their homes through their gardens, The man who can afford to buy an estate and build a fine home on that estate can afford to consider his garden decorative, while the home gardener must keep another point in view. In fact it is often convenient to have the flower and vegetable garden together. We have styles and fashions in gardens, as well as in clothes, and strange to say, we are going back to materials which our grandmothers and great-grand- mothers grew in their gardens. I have placed the facts we must keep in mind under eleven headings and as I illustrate them on the screen I am going to try and bring these points out. First to be considered in the management of the home flower garden is the location of the garden. The second point that we must consider is the size of the garden, its relation to the dwelling. Under the third heading we must consider the soil. Certain types of plants require different soils. In connection with the garden flowers, annuals will thrive well in a light soil, while the bulbous plants require a moderately rich soil. The perennial will do in almost any soil, providing you give them the fertility they require. The question of soil is a very important one. A sub-division under the heading of soil is the preparation of the soil, and we must consider first of all the drainage. If the soil is not well drained you must have a tile drain or put in some other material by which drainage can be secured. In spading, you should turn the soil to the depth of the spade. Another method of preparing the soil is the so-called trenching method. Through this method the Belgians, the Germans, and people on the other side of the water have been able to maintain the fertility of the soil. Trenching is 34 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 a deep method of preparing the soil and you should go down to at least eighteen inches. Twenty-four inches would be better. This method is used for sweet peas, although it can be used for almost anything. If you have a poor piece of soil I would advise you to use this method for your whole garden. While this work is being done manures or fertilizers must be used. It is rather hard to tell you just what to use it depends so much upon the type of soil. If the soil has been used for the culture of flowers for three or four years, about the only safe recommendation I can make is to use about four or five inches of manure. If you prepare your soil in the Fall the manure may be fresh manure, but if you use it in the Spring use well decayed manure. The clods of soil should be broken up. Under the fourth heading we consider the types of plants for garden work. I can illustrate the types of plants much better with the slides. I have placed these under three headings, bedding plants, the annuals and bi-annuals, and the herbaceous perennials. Under Xo. 5 we consider the planting and arrangements, and first of all we must decide whether we are to plant our flowers in beds or in borders. If they are to be planted in beds the question of arrangement is a little more important. Under Xo. 6 I have considered propagation. We recognize various methods. The most common method is the seed. The second method is a so-called vegetation method, namely, propagation by means of cutting. This method is a little more diflScult. Taking a sHp from the plants is just another term for cutting. I might add that we recognize several methods; cuttings by means of stem cuttings or cuttings by means of root cuttings. The hardy phlox are to be grown by means of root cuttings, as is also the stokesia and gaillardia. Simply take up the plant of a phlox in the fall and put it where it will reach a dormant state and in the spring put it into a box and after root action takes place shake off the soil and cut these roots into lengths of about one inch or an inch and one-half and plant them in a seed box, about as you would seeds, put them into a window garden and some times they come up thicker than any seedlings you have ever tried. The other method is propa- gation by means of di\'ision. A good waj' to eliminate a lot of plants to keep them within bounds is to dig them up and discard the large pieces and keep only the small pieces. If you save the proper pieces, the young growths, you will get more flowers the second season than from the old plants. Under X'o. 7 we consider the general maintenance of the garden. .You know that if you are grossing plants from seed they come up too thickly and must be transplanted. Another thing to be considered under this heading is the weeding and watering of the garden. Unless these details are looked after properly you will never get results from your garden. One of the most con- spicuous types of garden is the lazy man's type of garden. That is the tyipe we had rather get rid of. Cultivating, staking, mulching, and last of all, in the fall of the year, the cleaning of the garden comes under this heading. Under heading Xo. 8 I have placed the cold frames and hot beds, and the tools that are used. If you have cold frames and hot beds you are fortunate, because it gives you a chance to begin your gardening so much earlier in the 19171 PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF HOME FLOWER GARDENS 35 year. And make use of every bit of space in your hot beds. Sometimes you can gain five or six weeks with a hot bed. Tools are as necessary in garden work as in any other work. It is not necessary to go to the hardware store and pick up a wheelbarrow full of tools. Buy a few at a time, and buy good ones. If you have a man doing your work do not expect him to do your spading with a hoe. Under Xo. 9 I have placed the insect pests and methods of extermination. Nature has created all this beauty, but at the same time she has made it diflS- cult for us to grow these things without laboring and overcoming difficulties, and the insects must be exterminated if we are to get the best results. In addition to the insects we have diseases, and they must be kept in control. One of the worst things we have to contend with in New England is the so- called hollyhock rust. This rust has made it almost impossible to grow hollyhocks in New England. Many experiments have been carried on but we have not reached anything as yet to exterminate this rust. Under No. 11 I have placed the conclusions. People think it takes less work to grow flowers than it does vegetables. You must give them the same soil and the same attention that you give vegetables and j^our shrubbery, if you are to get results wdth garden flowers. I have spoken of fashions in gardens as well as in clothes. This slide rep- resents a type of garden that was introduced about the time of the Centennial Exhibition in America. This is the type of garden that we are trying to dis- courage, especially from the home gardener's standpoint. This type of gar- den has its place in the public parks. Here is another sUde sho-«-ing the same style, the so-called formal style, but the material is a little more graceful. I think you will all agree vrith me that the efTect that has been obtained with those plants is much more satisfactory than the effect that was obtained with the low growing flowers. This type of gardening has its place, but of course it should never be used where you have a limited area. Here is the common balsam used to cover the foundation of a dwelling. A landscape gardener tells us that a foundation planting should be used, because it ties the house to the ground. So many people overlook the fact that the surroundings must be improved after they have built a house. Here is a type of garden that is becoming very popular in this country, the so-called rock garden. This picture was taken at Lenox, Mass., from the estate of Miss Kneeland. There are some things there that do not belong in this type of garden. The two oleanders on each side of the steps do not con- form with that type of garden. The rock garden should illustrate nothing but that type of plants. That rock garden is watered by means of a series of perforated pipes running through the rocks. Here is another type, the so-called water garden, which of course is not very practical from the home gardener's standpoint. You may be able to construct a basin, or you can sink a tub into the ground and plant a few semi-aquatic plants around the tub and allow them to droop into the tub, then plant a few water Hlies in the tub. 36 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 Going back to the material which I mentioned in my introductory notes; these are the so-called bedding plants which are propagated by cuttings. The plant in the foreground is the ageratum. the next plant is the red geran- ium and the tall gro\\"ing plant in the backgroimd is the canna. and you can see those three plants have been used there to very good advantage. Here is a mass of zinias in a home garden. To my mind this is a beautiful color scheme. A good deal has been said about the question of color harmony. I would not let it worrj* me if I was doing gardening on a small scale. Next we come to the perennial which is represented here by the German Iris and the Lupin. This is the Shasta Daisy of Burbank fame, a herbaceous perennial. Here is another very satisfactory garden flower, the snapdragon. In the greenhouses we are troubled at the present time with a rust, but out of doors it isn't giWng any trouble Nothing is more satisfactory- than the old-fashioned nastm-tium. It is one of the plants that wiU grow well in poor soil, and the more you cut the more flowers it TsiU produce. Here is a group of digitahs, or fox glove, very satisfactory perennial. This is the hollyhock. This plant has been in cultivation in .America longer than any other plant. The New England Aster is a plant that we often overlook in our gardens. It is a native of our coimtry and we find it gro-^ing out in the woods. Never- theless it is a fine thing to have growing in a garden. Here is a group of aqiulegia and larkspur. The spirea is used to good advantage at the entrance to a dwelling, although I do not think it is quite as satisfactory- as a shrub or something a little coarser. This bed of pansies is the most striking thing I have ever seen. This pic- ture was taken at the Wells gardens, \isited by hundreds of people every year. Here is the scabiosa, another annual which is a very satisfactory flower for the home garden. This is a border of poppies, another very fine plant. The flowers are a httle dehcate but they produce a profusion of bloom. This is the salpiglossis, a little more difficult to grow than some of our other garden flowers, but nevertheless should be in every home garden, because of the wonderful colors that we get. Sweet Peas should be»in every home garden. If you wish to grow them for the best results prepare your soil deeply, use the method described under the heading of trenching. Here is the candytuft; one of the white perennials that can be used to good advantage as a border plant. Here is a mass of moss pink. It flowers early in the season, but its flowering period is not of long duration. Here is the helenium or sneezewort, one of the most satisfactory autumnal flowering plants. This is one of the plants that nm away in a garden, and I told you how by digging it up ever>- year it can be kept within bounds. This is alyssum, a fine plant for the herbaceous garden. This is achilha, a very satisfactor\- herbaceous perennial. 1917] PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF HOME FLOWER GARDENS 37 Here is another combination garden made up of annuals, perennials, and bedding plants. The plants in the foreground are pink geraniums and the yellow plants are the common golden glow. This picture was taken in a home garden in Amherst. All the work is done by the lady of the house. She has that garden spick and span during the entire season. She used the china aster, some of the small flowering peren- nials and in the background hollyhocks. The old fashioned mignonette, an annual which always gives pleasure in a garden. Its fragrance is one of its more redeeming features. Here are a few flowers of the gaillardia which come both in the annual and the perennial and in colors. Garden pinks can be obtained both in perennial and annual form. Our present day carnations originated from this flower. The peony is a plant which we must not overlook in the home garden. The California poppy is a flower which can be used to good advantage where yellow is desired in the garden. This is the State flower of California. It has been improved upon of late years and can be obtained in various shades of yellow shading into orange. This is rather hard to transplant. This is the ten weeks' stock which comes in different colors. The advantage of this plant is that it grows very rapidly and it is stated that it will produce flowers in ten weeks, but I have always found that in the garden it takes a little longer. Another species of Iris, the Japanese Iris. This flower is a little later in the season. And next the Siberian Iris, and I might add the Japanese and the Siberian Iris enjoy a location such as you see here, at the edge of a pond. Florida, the Land of Sunshine, Fruits and Flowers By R.u,ph H. Howz Febniar>- S, 1917 I am going to try to tell you today a little something of the many impressions that I had obtained as a traveller in Florida. I have not been able to see everything there was. but I do not want to tell you anything that is impleasant about Florida. Florida was buffetted between the nations of Europe for about three hun- dred years. Ponce de Leon came here looking for the Fountain of Youth of which he had dreamed. He landed on Tampa Bay long years before the Pilgrims landed on Massachusetts Bay. His httle band of followers were entirely wiped out, except four, who became slaves to the Indians. In 1539 De Soto came to Tampa. He was in search of gold. He brought from 600 to 1000 men and a large number of horses and various things with which to hve and carry on various occupations. He went on and on through the forest territory between Florida and one of the boundaries of Arkansas and finally died and his body was buried in the river at night in order to keep the fact of his death from the Indians. A great many people have an idea that it is extremely hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter. I have never been there in the summer, but I have a great many friends there who tell me the climate in the summer is very pleasant, that the mean average temperature is in the neighborhood of 70" for the entire year. I think the weather bureau records for thirty-six years have never recorded anything higher than 96". There is not there the humidity in the air that we have in the North. I beheve that the same records kept in the same bureau in thirty-six years, showed that there was nothing below 28°. The average rainfall for the year, the State taken as a whole, was approxi- mately fifty inches. It comes in the summer. The months of July. August, and September are the wet seasons and it doesn't rain there all the time and isn't foggy, as many people think, but they do have showers several times a day, and men almost never during that season find it advisable to go down street even for a short distance, without a raincoat and umbrella. The rain seems to come with a bang right out of the sky and it comes very freely and floods everything for an hour or so and then, almost as quickly disappears through the sand, which is very absorbent. The stm comes out immediately after the shower and things are extremely pleasant and fresh. ^Mien we think of the temperatm-e there never going above 95' and com- paratively httle of the time above 90". we compare it with Boston and New York and find it goes to 104° and 106° and with the humidity which comes with it. 1917] FLORIDA, THE L.\ND OF SUNSHINE, FRUITS, AND FLOWERS 39 Florida is about 125 miles w-ide and with the* Gulf of Mexico on one side and the Atlantic Ocean on the other and the Carribean Sea on the south, there is only a small portion on the north that is bordered by land and the result is that the breezes are blowing from somewhere all through the summer and winter. In the winter the Gulf Stream is supposed to temper the air and keep it warm and in the summer to temper the air and keep it cool. A man in St. Petersburg who was from Cleveland, Ohio, said he came to Florida to avoid the hot summers in the North. He said he was very much more pleased with the summers on the southwest coast of the Gulf of Mexico than in the North. The people work early in the morning and late in the afternoon. The white man isn't especially active on laborious work, if he can get out of it. The colored people do most of the work. The colored man isn't supposed to know anything and the white man isn't supposed to do anything. The cUmate of Florida is supposed to ruin the complexions of women. A person from the North who walks the streets vdth a pleasing complexion is usually stared at by the crackers or natives, as they are called. The day begins rather earher there than it does here. A great many of the stores open at 6 o'clock. The time is one hour earlier than ours, although we are nearly in the same longitude, and yet it is just a little bit over the degree, which requires their time being an hour earlier than ours. Many of the stores open at 6 o'clock and they close at 5, because it is night then. Twihght comes on very quickly. There seems to be no twilight. The Boards of Trade are extremely active. I suppose that accounts for the rapid growth of the' State in the last decade. Once in a while they find a rattlesnake, but they never report it. It is a written law that the papers shaU never report it. The Boards of Trade assist very greatly in inducing industries to locate in their towns. There are very few manufacturies in the State. In St. Petersburg I do not know of any manufacturing being done at all. At Auburndale there is a factory for the manufacture of marmalade and fruits. They tap the pine trees and obtain the sap and get rosin and turpentine and they have rosin and turpentine stills throughout the country. There are hundreds and hundreds of hotels, or things that pass for hotels. Sometimes a cottage with only a few rooms is called a hotel, because they take roomers. Those people who run the houses have to make on those who come during December, January, and February, and ]March, a whole year's income. They have a great deal of light housekeeping. In Tampa they call the people who do light housekeeping "tin can tourists." There they sneer at these tourists, but in St. Petersburg they seem to welcome them. Tampa has about 65,000 and is the terminus of a great many railroads and the seaboard of the Panama Canal. In Tampa there are a very great many cigar manufacturies. There were over 290 the last I knew of. They raise tobacco there and of course have to utihze it. The men in the factories make about twenty-five or thirty dollars a week and when the season is over they go on the city for support, because the}' spend it as fast as they make it. 40 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 The children go around the street with a piece of sugar cane which is verv- much hke bamboo or a com stalk and they may have a piece sLx feet long eating the end of it. I saw a man on the train with a piece of sugar cane seven feet long and he was munching it for lunch. Florida is a state containing a very great number of rivers, lakes, and various inlets of one kind or another, all of which are very shallow. At Jackson\'ille they are spending millions of dollars. It is 27 miles from the ocean and they are dredging this river to keep it navigable. There are no stones and they have to import most of their stones from other sections of the country. I do 'not know as I ever saw any stones. It is very sandy and yet extremely fertile. TraveUing on the railroad at night, if you look out you would think there was snow on the ground, it is so white. The high land is desirable for the raising of citrus fruits, oranges, and grape fruit. WTien they want to dig a well thej' go down about a dozen feet and are very apt to find water. At Tampa Bay, which is about 22 miles wide, dredges are working there all the time to keep it open for the steamers. I came across it when there was a ven,- hea\'y' fog and I wondered how they would be able to follow the channel. ^Tien they knew they were nearing St. Petersburg they were blowing their whistles aU the time and when they neared the wharf there was a colored man banging the wharf with a plank in order to let th? Captain of the vessel know how near he was to the wharf. There are no cellars imder the houses as a rule. Some of the houses are left open, showing the posts underneath. In the countrj' you will see aU sorts of animals running under the houses. In one town where I passed through the pigs were marching around through the streets of the town followed by nine or ten Uttle pigs and they walk right under the houses and stores and settle dovm for the night. That is not characteristic, however, of Jackson- ville, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. One of the strange things they do down there is to pay Confederate veterans a pension. In the park at Jacksomille there is a monument erected to the memory- of the Confederate veterans. In the hand of the figure that sur- mounts this monument there is a Confederate flag that flows to the breeze, and in Tampa there is a Confederate monument, and General Lee's birthday is celebrated as a pubhc holiday'. With the colored people Januan.- 1st is a great day. It is Emancipation Day and they have pubUc exercises, and it is observed as a great day of fes- tivities, and practically all work is suspended. Most of the towns of the State being of comparatively recent estabUshment are governed by a commission form of government. They have a Mayor who may be most any one. He is sort of a general chairman of aU the com- mittees. They have department heads, corresponding to our department heads here, and those men, there might be six or seven of them, carrj' on aU the afi'airs of the Government. There is no such thing as the penitentian,'. They have detention camps and restrain those who are unruly there. The convicts, colored men and white men as weU, work on the highways and streets. You will see in any city an immense great wagon that goes around gathering rubbish and garbage 1917] FLORIDA, THE LAND OF SUNSHINE, FRUITS, AND FLOWERS 41 and they are cared for by men who wear striped suits. It is a great dis- grace for a white man to be arrested and have to go out on the streets and work beside a colored man. They have a man who goes around with them and quite Hkely he carries a shot gun and protects himself and keeps the men from running away. The pohcemen of St. Petersburg smoke on duty. In one month while we were there there were only 58 arrests. The only lynching that took place in Florida during 1914 was in St. Petersburg. Two colored men murdered a man who was asleep. The people broke into the jail and strung him to a telegraph pole and literally shot him to pieces. The colored people are not required to go to school and therefore are illiter- ate and have no sense of right or wrong. The Governor holds office for four years. The Judges of the court are elected by the people. A great many people have wondered about the everglades. They have thought it was covered by water. The everglades have been greatly exploited, unscrupulous land agents have sold the everglades a great many times over to people and it has cost people a great deal of money to find out that they have bought nothing but land under water. They are draining the everglades and it is becoming very valuable indeed, from an agricultural point of \'iew. On the east coast, half way down the State, there is a section devoted quite largely to the raising of tomatoes. In one section alone it is estimated that there are 14,000 acres of tomatoes being grown, and they are sent up here in the mid-winter when we cannot raise them. Celery is raised there in large quantities and sent here. In the northern part of the State they raise a great deal of cotton, grapes and peanuts, lots of pecans; peaches are also grown in the north. They have a few oranges down there. This year they have had about fifteen million boxes of oranges and grape fruit. It may not be generally known that oranges were originally from China and they came to Spain by way of the West Indies, and I suppose Ponce de Leon brought over the seeds. Grape fruit has been on the market only about thirty-five years. Frank Leslie, of Leslie's Magazine, was spending the winter in the South something like thirty-five years ago, and he saw a load of the grape fruit being fed to the pigs. They did not consider them remarkable, but he tasted of one and wondered if it could not be marketed and he intro- duced them in New York State, and little by little they have grown from that. Oranges and grape fruit are not grown from seed ordinarily for commercial purposes. When they start an orange or grape fruit grove they as a rule plant seeds of the so-called sour orange or rough lemon. It is kind of a com- bination between an orange or a lemon. After a long time they will come up, but after they are once up they grow very rapidly. When they are a foot or two high they will graft into the trunk near the root the variety of fruit they want to grow on that root, then after it is nicely started they will cut out a portion above the graft, that is what they call budded. The rough lemon or sour orange provides the strength. One man had a tree that had oranges, tangerines, and grape fruit growing on it. 42 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 In the southwestern part of the State they are mining a great deal of phos- phate. The water is practically all of a sulphurous nature and it has to be aerated or aired to let the sulphur out. The water is near the surface and you are liable to have two different kinds of water to use; one kind which comes from artesian wells for drinking and water which is softer for washing and house- keeping purposes. Near Osceola there is a spring something like 160 feet deep and you can see practically everything on the bottom of it, it is so clear. The water being very clear here it is interesting to see both the animal and vegetable life in the water. There are thirty million acres of pine woods of which this picture is typical — great tall slender trees with the Spanish moss hanging from them. Bananas grow with the fruit pointing downward, and they have what the}' call Plantains, about three or four times as big as our bananas here. Peloquins are as common as sparrows here, they follow all around the water- ing places and it is interesting to see them dive for fish. The pigs down there do not seem to get fat hke our pigs and the nose of their pig is not as long as ours. Most of them are red or black and red. There are a great many sponges at Key West, the deeper they go into the Bay for them the better they are. The divers go out much as whalers from New Bedford and stay for weeks. This industry is carried on mostly by Turks. In 1885 Henry M. Flagler went to Palm Beach in search of health and saw the possibilities that were there and it was through his efforts that the beauties of Palm Beach were developed. This is the extension of the East Coast Railroad which runs 156 miles and runs across the Keys shown earUer in the lecture, which are practically right out in the open sea. This shows the construction of the keys which is entirely of shell. Longfellow in Evangeline Land By Rev. Wallace W. Rose, of Bridgeport, Conn. February 15, 1917 The Province of Nova Scotia is one of the most remarkable little countries of all the world. Its extreme length is only 350 miles, its breadth varies from 50 to 100 miles, and yet it has lumber enough in its forests, fruits enough in its orchards, fish enough in its seas to supply all of its inhabitants. If Nova Scotia only had the population and the development it would be one of the richest nations in the world. Its scenery is so varied that it will please every type of traveller. To this beautiful region we are travelling. One might go direct to Halifax or all the way by rail, but in the summer it is pleasanter to go by boat. Of course, one must be a good sailor. The reason we visit Portland on our way to Evangeline land is to go to the home of the poet who gave the world the poem "Evangeline." Longfellow was born in a very modest home in 1807. His mother happened to be visiting here when the little fellow came and so remained there until he was a month old, 'then went to her own home on Congress Street. The house to which his mother removed with him is the Longfellow House. It still stands and is set apart for all time as the Longfellow Memorial. The room occupied by Longfellow is the one on the third floor. The entrance to the house is an attractive one of colonial type. Let us enter. This is Stephen Longfellow's law office, the father of Longfellow, a lawyer by profession. The hallway leads out into an old-fashioned garden. The stairs lead up to the bedroom to which Longfellow brought his first wife. The bedroom holds an additional interest in view of the little cradle near the fireplace which was Longfellow's cradle. Surely the hand that rocked that cradle has helped to mold the world. No matter where you travel in this land you will find one who can repeat something from America's best loved poet. Going down stairs again we enter the den; here it was that he wrote "The Rainy Day" and other well known poems. Walk out into the garden of which I have told you. There is the old vine still clinging to the wall. It was that very vine which suggested the poem, "The Rainy Day." You will be surprised to have me tell you that Longfellow never visited Nova Scotia or the scenes of the life of Evangeline which we are going to see, but so carefully did he read up on the country and make notes from travellers and natives that you do not suspect he never visited there. Night is falling and we take the steamer for the Provinces. In the morning we are in plain sight of the Maine coast with the famous Maiden CUff in the distance. One of the pleasures on the steamer at this point is to awake the echoes. After a day's sail we enter the harbor of St. John, N. B., a settle- ment of 50,000 people, settled at the close of the Revolution. One of the 44 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 most wonderful and amazing things to the American is to observe the height of the tide at St. John. \Mien the tide goes out, dovm. go the ships to the very mud. The tide at St. John falls twenty-four feet. St. John is near the mouth of the 'Bay of Funday. "WTien the tide is out that Bay drains every river dry to the bottom in New Brunswick except the river St. John. It would drain that river too were it not so long and the mouth a Yery narrow one. Imagine a river 500 miles long and being forced through a gorge and you can imagine how rapidly it rushes. TMien the tide turns we have what is known as reversing falls. Would you like to take a ride on this interesting river? You watch the rushing water as it plies among these small islands; the Cap- tain needs to be an expert, and he is. A traveller asked a native in the small towns what they did for excitement and he replied "Attend Court." He was asked what they did when Court was not in session and he rephed, "Wait for it to sit again." The Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes of America wave side by side on some of the hotels. On the return trip, nearing St. John you steam under these great hills filled \N"ith Lime Rock. There ought to be a low tariff between our country and this as they have many things we need as well as we have many things they could use. After seeing the cit}-, take the side-wheeler Prince Rupert through the Digby Gap. I would advise you to see more of Xew Brunswick and enter the railroad at the other end. The main reason for bringing you here is to show you another phenomenon; it is called the Boar. "\Mien the tide comes in you can hear the rumble like a distant train of cars; it is the tide coming up the Petticodiac River. Going farther north we come to Hopewell Cape. This big rock is called the Pulpit and they have sacrileg ously called the other rock there the Spinster, as though there must always be at least one woman in the church. Farther on you come to Perce Rock. This big rock helps you to believe what the scientists tell us, that there was a time when our Continent was connected with the Behring Strait by dry land. What is kno\^^l as the Grand Banks are sunken ridges of rock 500 fathoms deep, lying off the coast of Xova Scotia and Xew Brunswick. The reason you are up here is to go fishing; the greatest sport of your life is ahead of you. The Chinnook salmon come here to spawn; they pay no attention to the tides, the greater the rush of the water the better they like it. In the fall of the year the hunters come into the woods of Xew Brunswick, as the woods are full of moose. Here j'ou are in "the forest primeval. " The Micmac Indians do your guiding. These Indians can say more without saying anything than any class of men or women I ever met. The moose seem to know when the law is off and when it is on. They will stand and look at you when the law is on but the day the law goes off, ofif go the deer and moose. There is something almost human in the eyes of the deer, and the mother deer has been known to shed tears over the death of her young one. We take the train for Halifax. There is a fast express every day but if 3'ou want to study the natives, take the accommodation train. 1917] WITH LONGFELLOW IN EVANGELINE LAND 45 You draw into Halifax which looks for all the world like a bit of London broken off arid anchored to our side of the Atlantic. It has some 60,000 people. If 3'ou compare Xova Scotia to a wheel, Halifax would be the axle and radiating from it would be the spokes, touching every kind of scenery. The Indians originally lived here, then came the French, and for many years it was a battle between the white man and the Indian, the white man winning, as he always does. Then there came a clash between the French Acadians and the Indians on one side and the British on the other. The Citadel is a fort, but the people know that it is only a make-believe fort. It is only a step from the Citadel to the Public Gardens. If you can find fourteen acres of superior loveliness an\^'here, tell me where it is. The flowers are arranged in geometric beds of many designs. When Henry Ward Beecher visited this spot he pronounced it a bit of beaut}' no where surpassed. The ocean makes its way in at the other side of Halifax which is really a peninsula. Here are the homes of the wealthy. Leaving the arm of land and pushing in through the woods you enter Pleas- ant Park; the lights and shadows here are glorious. We are surprised as we go out of the park to find Scotch heather. It is very likeh' it was brought here during the war of 1812 with the Scotch regiments. The religious side of Halifax is cared for by some 47 churches. It is extremely quiet here on Sunday, an indication of the deep religious spirit of these people. It is the quietest spot on Sunday that an American ever saw. The whole Province of Xova Scotia is very religious. The people of Xova Scotia have large families because they love children, and the cost of living is low. Take a bicycle, automobile, or Shanks" mare and by and by you will come to the sea, about ten miles awaj^; you wiU pass many a pleasant farm and fishing \'illage. You finally reach Cow Bay Beach, the finest bit of beach north of Old Orchard. Returning to Dartmouth by canoe all the way to Grand Pre, making short carries, is a fine thing to do if you are not in a hurry, but while we are in this section why not go further north before you see Grand Pre. Sydney is a busy town. In this same section you may visit the bay where Marconi has an immense wireless station. You finally reach Melgrave where you take the train for Halifax and the east. The town of Chester is situated on Mahanoy Bay. A few miles from Chester is Lunenburg, a fishing settlement. The women here are as great workers as the men. While the fathers and sons are off to the Grand Banks fishing, the mothers and daughters are caring for the farms. The women of Xova Scotia think nothing of planting the crops, cutting the hay, and bringing in the harvest. If the voyage of the fishermen is successful they come back with a catch of salmon, cod, pollock, and mackerel which insures them a good comfortable winter. Have you ever heard of the La Havre river? The voyage up it from the Atlantic to Bridgewater is beautiful. We have now reached Grand Pre, the scene of Longfellow's poem, ''Evan- geUne ''. (Mr. Rose here gave a reading from the poem ''Evangeline," illustrating the poem with beautifully colored slides.) Luther Burbank, The Plant Wizard By Herbert W. Gleason, of Boston February 22, 1917 It is a special pleasure which I have this afternoon in coming here and presenting to you a series of photographs illustrating in part something of the work of Luther Burbank. I am bringing to you the work of one of your Worcester County boys, for Luther Burbank was born in Lanacster, where he Uved until the age of eighteen, when he went to California. I am speaking from a disinterested standpoint, without prejudice one waj^ or the other, and I am not trying to advertise or boom anything that may have come from Mr. Burbank's hand. My interest in Mr. Burbank is purely that of a nature lover, and from that standpoint alone his work is of extraor- dinary interest. In the second place I am very much interested in him as a true altruist who is doing his best to help his fellow men. It has been my fortune to visit Mr. Burbank's experimental farms some seven or eight times in visits to California, and he has given me the pleasure of allowing me to photograph anything on his farm, views of which I bring to you this afternoon. From Mr. Burbank's early childhood he was intensely interested in nature and the culture of plants. He told me one time that his earhest pet as a child was a potted plant. It was a lobster cactus. He went with the family when they moved to Lunenburg, and it was there that he made the discovery of the Burbank potato. We do not see potato balls as they used to grow twenty or thirty years ago, for the reason that we have been cultivating our potatoes from the tuber. Nature has given up growing the seed and lets us cultivate our potatofromthe tuber. Nature has found that men were cultivating the navel orange by grafting, and therefore we never find any seed. Mr. Burbank told me that for years he has a standing offer of $1,000 for a bit of horse radish seed. It is possible to ysltj greatly the result of the natural order and IMr. Burbank has been especially successful in using the human element in making this remarkable change. Nature sometimes does this wholesale by change in environment, but man can, with his knowledge, very rapidly produce this change which nature can be hundreds of years in producing. During his forty years of work in California Mi. Burbank has been engaged in thousands of these experiments of new plants and some of his results have been astonish- ing. I remember one day when Mr. Burbank was showing us about his experimental ranch at Santa Rosa pointing out one plant after another of interest, he indicated one plant that was so wonderful that Mrs. Gleason exclaimed, " No wonder they call you the wizard of California, and he replied, "Nonsense, they might as well call me the gizard of California." 1917] LUTHER BURBANK, THE PLANT WIZARD 47 Men have forgotten that what Mr. Burbank has produced in the way of plants in CaHfornia may not be adapted for raising here in Massachusetts. He has been criticised because things he has grown in CaHfornia do not grow well in Massachusetts. You have heard of his wonder berry which has been criticised because it would not grow elsewhere. I have eaten the wonder berry in California and found it perfectly delicious, and I have eaten them here in Massachusetts and would not have given anything for them. Mr. Burbank told me that when he produced this berry he called it the sun berry for this reason, that this berry needs a great deal of sun in order to perfect its contents of sugar. It is a fruit which needs over a month to stay on the vine after it begins to turn black. Now we have here in California six months of perpetual sunshine, but in Massachusetts you have what? The views which I am going to show you and which I took were all colored by Mrs. Gleason who was with me. There are a great many oaks in the valley in this part of California which take the place of our elms. In a grove not far from Mr. Burbank's home are these magnificent redwood trees which often grow 300 feet high. In the city of Santa Rosa there is a church which is built of one of these redwood trees. Here is a school which is named after ]Mr. Burbank, something which goes to show that the boys and girls are very fond of Mr. Burbank. Some eight or nine years ago when he was perfecting his spineless cactus there was visiting him a noted horticulturist who recognized the value of the plant and gave him $500. for seven leaves of the new plant and with this money Mr. Burbank built his home. First of all, Mr. Burbank's method is selection, that is selecting one or two plants which are of worth. Here is a portion of his field where he grows the plants of the spineless cactus. He keeps a record of every one of his seedlings on paper. One time he found a common plant of California poppy in which there was a faint line of crimson in one of the petals. He saved that plant and planted it and in the spring there was a faint crimson line through the plant, and he kept on until in a few years he had a California poppy which was entirely crimson. A second method he adopts is that of crossing, hybridization. Out of 2000 plants in crossing of poppies there were no two plants alike. Some years ago Mr. Burbank was intent on producing a thornless black- berry and by careful cultivation he has at last produced a blackberry that is entirely without thorns. In regard to the wild flowers, Mr. Burbank's production of the Shasta Daisy is more famous than any others. This was obtained by taking our common daisy and crossing it with the Japanese daisy. But he is continually bent on improving the Shasta Daisy. He plants them by the thousand and discovers a plant with some new variation, thus he has given to us some new forms of the Shasta Daisy. He has also done a great deal with foreign wild flowers. He has taken the Mexican Evening Primrose and increased that from two to seven and eight inches in diameter. 48 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 He has taken the hollyhocks and produced some very beautiful and unusual things. This is a sun flower which was two feet in diameter. The paculiarity was not so much in the size as the fact that the seeds were white. With the rose Mr. Burbank has been working for many years and has produced many t\-pes that are quite unique. "UTien you pluck a rose its petals usually fall off very soon, but with this particular rose the petals stay on a remarkable length of time. Lea"s-ing the flowers let us look at some of his work withthe fruits. He took us through his orchard where he had some three hundred different kinds of cherries, all in bloom at the same time. Then we came to the orchard where the peaches and plums were ripe. If I could give you a taste of one of these peaches you would reahze a new experi- ence in the matter of peach flavor. So with the other things, the nectarine of which usually is rather flat flavored, but he has improved it so as to give it a better flavor. When he plants the seeds of the plums, instead of waiting for it to come to a full tree he grafts it onto another tree, and so he has many kinds of plums growing on one tree. Mr. Burbank has produced a plum that is so rich in sugar that it will turn into a prune on the tree without being picked. Then he has given us one that has no stone within the prune. The plumcot is a new fruit combined of the plum and apricot. This is the pineapple quince, a quince with the flavor of a pineapple. In grapes he has given us a new variety of grapes which ripen earher than any other variety of grapes. Here is a seedless tokay grape. One morning I foimd him at work in his strawberry bed, throwing away plants which were bearing berries almost as big as my fist, and I asked him what he was throwing away those magnificent berries for. He said. "Here is one worth its weight in diamonds. " He gave me a Httle taste of it and such a dehcious quahty of flavor I have never experienced. That was a sample of his Patagonia strawberry- . He has produced thornl ess raspberries and black- berries. Now as to vegetables, here is the original Burbank potato. Mr. Burbank told me if he had been allowed one-tenth of a cent a bushel since this potato had been on sale he would be worth one million dollars. Here is a portion of his field of artichokes. I took a single blossom one day from the foKage and foimd that it was almost four feet in circumference. The value of the cactus for fodder for cattle has long been recognized and Mr. Burbank has been working for years now on a spineless cactus and has at last succeeded. The value of the spineless cactus is that it will grow any- where and thus in this vast desert area they can raise this plant as fodder for the cattle on the large ranches. One of these plants which I have photo- graphed was eight feet high by the time it was two years old. The cactus has dehcious cactus pears which are delightful eating. As you know, the problem of re-foresting the deforested areas is quite a problem. Here you have a black walnut which is noted for its rapid growth. Here is one of the most remarkable of his forest trees which is a hybrid chest- nut, producing six crops a year. 1917] LUTHER BURBANK. THE PLANT WIZARD 49 Mr. Burbank is especially fond of children and may I suggest to 3'ou, to mothers particularly, to read a little book of his called "The Training of the Human Plant. " While we may not call him a wizard we might call him oneof the great bene- factors of the human race. speeches at Reunion and Banquet March 1, 1917 Speech by Mr. A. E. Hartshorn, President Members, Friends, Guests of the Horticultural Society: It is my pleasure to extend a cordial welcome to you as we gather for our annual reunion. This being our 75th anniversary a few words of our early history seem appropriate. The first step towards the formation of this Society was taken in 1840 when a few gentlemen planned for an exhibition of fruits and flowers. This was held in the town hall and proved to be a great success. On March 3, 1847, the Society was incorporated while Worcester had upwards of 8000 inhabi- tants, slightly larger than Spencer at the present time. During the first few years the exhibitions were held in any hall available. In 1850 this building was erected at a cost of about $18,000. Bequests from Daniel Waldo and Stephen Salisbury helped to put the Society on its feet. It is due to the membership that the Society had in its earlier days that the Society owes its success. Such names as Lincoln, Bullock, Salisbury and Washburn are prominent in the early days and to these names honor is due. For many years we have been honored by the presence of the Mayor at our reunions; unfortunately this evening he is obliged to be out of town. We have with us to represent the City, the President of the Board of Aldermen, and I take pleasure in introducing Rev. Dr. Vincent E. Tomlinson. Speech by Rev. Dr. Vincent E. Tomlinson I know we all regret very much the absence of His Honor, the Mayor. He seems to be giving himself very freely to all calls that come to him. I know that he deeply regrets his inability to be with you here tonight. Speak- ing perhaps for him I am sure I voice his sentiments, and those of all right- thinking people in Worcester, when I say that we feel that the Horticultural Society has been one of the best things in Worcester. You have rendered a splendid service to the City. How often have I stepped into your room from the busy street and enjoyed a half hour or more looking at your exhibition. I always find the rooms thronged and I know that this Society has a warm place in the hearts of many. It is one of the bright things in the life of the City; this Society and the exhi- bitions that you have all through the season. We may not all be farmers, but we all appreciate a good dinner and so we all have that common tie. I said to a friend a while ago, as I rode through the country with him, a man who has gone back to the soil from professional lines, and who succeeded in developing a strain of eggless hens: "I have always had it in mind that I 1917] ANNUAL REUNION 51 would like to have a place in the country. " He said, " Keep it there; you will find it much less expensive." I said to my wife today, "What do you think I would do if I could really do as I wanted to? I would like to go up to a friend's farm on the Connecti- cut River and stay there until the apples are picked. " We all have our dreams, whether we can carry them out or not. We can- not all till the soil, but we can come in and see the fruits of those who have tilled the soil, and so speaking for the City and His Honor, the Mayor, I bring you the warmest greetings of the Heart of The Commonwealth, and trust that your future may be as bright and serviceable to our City as your past has been. Speech by Mr. Chandler Bullock, President of Chamber of Commerce Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: As President of the Chamber of Commerce, I extend our greeting. We also desire to extend our greeting to a sister organization. We, in the Chamber, like to feel that we are a clearing house for all the City, County, and Community development societies such as this. I have written off a few things here which I know you have heard a thousand times before, but I do want to say them nevertheless. I am not here to advertise the Chamber of Commerce. I only want you to understand that we are broad enough to cover a wide enough field to co- operate with your Society. This is a great industrial center, and attention has perhaps been devoted too closely to purely industrial propositions. The situation has resulted in an enormous influx of people into the city, as you know, and our city life is becoming more intensive every year. To societies such as yours, we turn at this time to correct or to alleviate, at any rate, the conditions brought about by the gathering into large centers. You are a semi-educational institution, you educate, you disseminate knowledge of products and fruits of the earth. Just now the war and short crops in certain lines are creating exceptional conditions. With the termination of hostilities we should have some recession in prices, but the problem is beyond the imme- diate war crisis and coming harvests. We had what we call the high cost of living before the war came and we shall have it after the war. We shall never grapple \\dth the problem until we get at some of its fundamentals, of which the one most clearly open to us as individuals is a larger cultivation of the soil. The Chamber of Commerce wants to co-operate with you as the oldest and most successful authority on these matters. During the coming year our committee on civic affairs working with the Farm Bureau and your Society, will have opportunity to start a movement for small gardens. There are large tracts in the suburbs, which perhaps can be utilized at a normal rental. There are many things that we can do to bring the average householder to appreciate the advisability of cultivating his fifty square feet, and we can at least stimulate him to raise some produce for his own living. 52 WOECESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 You have performed the excellent service of offering premiums and prizes. But let us get down to the average man, the wage earner, the $15-a-week man. This can be done by a wider dissemination of such information as you must possess and particularly by publicity which may be given to the move- ment by your Society and ours through duly appointed committees. With- out a trial there can be no accomplishment. There is hardly a tenement house on Belmont Hill or any other section that does not have some square feet of land that can be put into cultivation. It is an old proverb that ''God made the first garden, and the first city was established by Cain. " Even if we can not materially reduce the cost of pro- duce, we can at least get the benefit of the health and vigor, and better than that we can acquire the spirit of patience and the love of nature that comes to those who pass some time of each day in the field or the garden. Physicians in life insurance companies will tell you that in one family, after three generations of the intensive life of the city, it tends to deteriorate, it gets nerves, goes to seed. What society is in a better position than this to make this movement attractive. The cry of "back to the soil" has been in the air for some time, but at no time has the call been so imperious as now. So we feel confident that your society, the possessor of an enviable past, should look forward to a yet more useful and glorious future. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1917 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGUXATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1917 President: ARTHUR E. HARTSHORN, of Worcester. VICE-PBESIDEXTS : CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester; LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro. FREDERICK H. CHAMBERLAIN, of Worcester. secketart: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. Joseph A. Allen, David L. Fiske, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, Herbert A. Cook, Fred J. Reed, Mrs. J. Frank Record, William McAllister, William Anderson, J, Lewis Ellsworth, Edward W. Breed, Mrs. Olive G, Davidson, Walter D. Ross, Fred L. Chamberlain Auburn Grafton Leicester Leominster Millbury Shrewsbury West Boylston Whitinsville S. Lancaster Worcester Clinton Worcester Allyne W. Hixon, Simon E. Fisher, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Ben M. Chamberlain, Louis J. Kendall, Frank J. Kinney, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George Calvin Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Charles W. Wood, Worcester Holden Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES. ON finance: Myron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1917, Leonard C. Midgley, 1918. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, ON NOMENCLATURE: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice, ON arr.avgements .and exhibitions: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, K. Ward Moore, Simon E. Fisher, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Leonard C. Midgley. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson. President, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney, Benjamin C. Jaques, AUDITORS. JUDGES. H. Ward Moore, Of Flowers, Plants, etc. Wilham Nicholson, Framingham, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood, Worcester. Albert H. Lange, MEDAL COMMITTEE Herbert A. Cook, ON WINTER MEETINGS Leonard C. Midgley. Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, Mryron F. Converse Walter D. Ross, President, Arthur E. Hartshorn, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. GENERAL RULES FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS A. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. B. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. C. All articles offered for premium must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per- mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. D. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. E. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. F. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. G. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. RULES AND REGULATIONS. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.15 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.15 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. 2. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 4. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 5. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 6. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 7. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 8. All articles offered for premium must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 9. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 1917] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 3 11. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids and gloxinias; and not more than five blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes, all of which shall be of one color, and of one variety, shall be allowed in the same bottle, or vase, except when otherwise specified in the schedule. 12. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. B^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 13. No Judge shall require am^thing of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 14. In Table Decorations and displaj^s of Flowers, Fruit and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 15. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 16. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 17. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Scale of Points. CUT FLOWERS.— Arrangement, Quality of blooms. Number of varieties. Properly named. 30 points 25 25 20 WILD FLOWERS.— Number of varieties, Arrangement, Quality of blooms. Properly named. 30 25 25 20 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, 30 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 25 Arrangement, 25 Properly named, 20 DISPLAYS AND COLLECTIONS.— Arrangement, 40 " Quality, 40 " Variety, 20 " FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1917 8^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 6. 6. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE ELEVEN BLOO]\IS: Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Several flowers on a single erect stem. Examples: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and THE number of VARIETIES W^RITTEN ON THE ENTRY CARDS. Notice of which w^ill be taken by the judges in aw^ard- ing the premiums. 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the Judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all exhibitions of Lilies the pollen may be re- moved. By vote of the Trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out hy him or his assistants. Spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 8, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 9, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Not to exceed 20 vases, 13.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CARNATIONS, 10 vases.— No. 2. Ten flowers in a vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Not to exceed 20 vases, 4.00 3.00 2.00 AZALEA INDICA, in bloom.— No. 4. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Four plants, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 7. One plant, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, in bloom.— No. 8. Six plants, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ORCHIDS.— No. 9. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PRIMULA SINENSIS, in bloom.— No. 10. Four plants, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PRIMULA, ANY OTHER VARIETY IN BLOOM. No. 11. Four plants, 3.00 2_00 1.00 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7 BASKET.— No. 12. Open face, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 NARCISSUS.— No. 13. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VIOLETS.— No. 14. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 FLOWER GARDEN.— No. 15. S75.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. DANDELION.— No. 16. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 17. Any variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 18. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 19. Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 20. Savoy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 • .50 No. 21. Any other variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 22. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 23. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY.— No. 24. Six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 25. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM.— No. 26. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 27. Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 28. Any other variety. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 29. Swede, Yellow, six specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 30. Swede, White, six specimens. l.oU l.UU .50 No. 31. White Egg, twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH.— No. 32. Two bunches, six in each. 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLES.— No. 33. Display not to exceed five varieties. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 34. Baldwin, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 35. Sutton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 No. 36. Northern Spy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 37. Palmer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 38. Roxbury Russet, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 39. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 10 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 40. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 41. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, OPEN culture. — No. 42. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. No. 43. Display not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PANSY.— No. 44. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower with foHage in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 45. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 46. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, glassware and cutlery required, no restric- tions, 10.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 Notify the Secretary tw^o days in advance. PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 47. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTrRAL SOCIETY [1917 DANDELION.— No. 48. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 HORSE RADISH.— No. 49. Twelve specimens. 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 50. SLx heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSNIP.— No. 51. Hollow Crown. 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 52. Other varieties, . 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 53. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 54. Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 55. Twelve specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks.— No. 56. Linn^us, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 57. Two bunches, twelve specimens each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 58. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 14 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 59. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, S3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 60. From hardy plants and shrubs, not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, not to exceed forty vases. — No. 61. No duplicates, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 62. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 IRIS, GERMAN. No. 63. Not to exceed ten vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 64. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 P.EONIA.— No. 65. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIAS, IN BLOOM.— No. 66. Four eight inch pots or pans, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 67. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 68. Two bunches, twelve speci- mens each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 69. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 70. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks No. 71. Monarch, No. 72. Victoria, BEET.— No. 73. Twelve specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 21 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 74. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 75. Open face, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 76. Xo restrictions as to ar- rangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ROSES.— No. 77. Hybrid Perpetual, not to ex- ceed 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 78. Hybrid Tea, not to exceed 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 79. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHERRY.— No. 80. May Duke, one quart, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 81. Glen Mary, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 82. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 83. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 84. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET.— No. 85. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 SPINACH.— No. 86. One-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 87. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 88. Any variety named, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 89. Two bunches, six each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 90. Any variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 28 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 91. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H.P. roses, outdoor culture, $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 92. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 93. Not to exceed 20 vases of H. P. roses, named, one bloom in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 94. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 95. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells). — No. 96. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 P^ONIA.— No. 97. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1917 HYDRANGEA.— No. 98. One plant in bloom, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 99. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 100. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 101. M. A. C, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 102. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 103. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Barrymore, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. Meteor, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. Collection not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 107. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varie- ties of recent introduction. CHERRY, one quart. — No. 108. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 109. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 110. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 111. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 112. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA.— No. 113. Gradus, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 114. Thomas Laxton, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 17 CUCUMBERS.— No. 115. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 116. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 117. Covering 16 square feet. $10.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 5 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 118. Xot to exceed 20 vases. $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— Xo. 119. X^ot TO exceed 20 vases, one truss in each. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILir:M CAXDIDUM.— Xo. 120. Twelve vases, one spike in each. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXIXIAS.— Xo. 121. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, any green allowable, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BASKET.— Xo. 122. Oval basket, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— Xo. 123. Xot to exceed 40 vases. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPAXESE IRIS.— Xo. 124. Twenty vases, one spike in each. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— Xo. 125. Best display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, oxE quart.— Xo. 126. Black Eagle, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 127. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19 No. 128. Montmorency, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 129. Best display, five dollars may be used. No. 130. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 131. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 132. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 133. Perfection, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 134. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 135. Versaillaise, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 136. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 137. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 138. Two bunches, six in each, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 139. Wax, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 140. Green Pod, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 141. Admiral Dewey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 142. Telephone, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. Varieties not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 144. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 12 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 145. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 146. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. HOLLYHOCK.— No. 147. One vase, not to exceed 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 148. Not to exceed 25 vases, not more than 10 flower stems in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 149. 20 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 LOO .50 RASPBERRY.— No. 150. Cuthbert, one quart, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 151. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 152. Varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY — No. 153. One quart, any named va- riety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, ANY VARIETY.— No. 154. Twenty-four bunches, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 155. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens.— No. 156. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, twelve specimens. — No. 157. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 158. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 19 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 159. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 160. Open faced basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 161. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 162. Not to exceed 25 vases, 10 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 163. Table decoration of Sweet Peas, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. BEGONIA, tuberous rooted. — No. 164. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 165. Sweet Bough, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 166. Any other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR.— No. 167. Any variety named, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23 BLACKBERRY, one quart- No. 168. Agawam, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 169. Early Harvest, 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, twelve ears. — No. 170. Sweet, any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 171. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 172. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 173. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 174. Display of vegetables, covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. No. 175. Display of vegetables, covering 9 square feet, $8.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 26 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 176. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ANTIRRHINUMS, snap dragon.— No. 177. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 178. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 179. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 180. Yellow Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 181. Varieties not scheduled, five doUars may be used for prizes. PEACH.— No. 182. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart- No. 183. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 184. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 185. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 25 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS- No. 186. Hebron, No. 187. Irish Cobbler, No. 188. Rose, No. 189. Varieties not scheduled, LETTUCE.— No. 190. Twelve heads, CORN.— No. 191. Twelve ears, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 2 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 192. Xot to exceed 20 vases, S3. 00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 193. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 194. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 195. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL (naMED) . T^o. 196. Twelve vases, one cluster in each, . 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA (named).— No. 197. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE. TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 198. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 199. Oldenburg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 200. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 201. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 202. Alexander, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 203. For any other variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 204. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 205. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 206. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 207. Not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 208. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 9 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 209. One large vase, no restric- tions as to arrangement, S3. 00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 210. Comet, 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 211. Pompon, 20 vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 212. Any other variety, 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEX ALLOWABLE. No. 213. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 214. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 215. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 216. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 217. Golden Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 218. Clapp's Favorite, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 219. Waddell, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 220. Any varietj^ not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 221. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 222. Pole, any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, CROSBY. — No. 224. Twelve ears, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 225. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 226. Any variety named (except- ing summer varieties), three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 227. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 16 ASTERS.— No. 228. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, $5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 229. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 230. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ZINNIA.— No. 231. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 232. Not to exceed 40 vases, no du- plicates, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, WELVE SPECIMENS. No. 233. Somerset, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CRAB APPLES, varieties not scheduled. — No. 235. Twenty-four specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE specimens. — No. 236. Assomption, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 237. Petite Marguerite, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 238. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 239. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 240. Carman, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 241. Cooledge, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 243. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 244. Shell, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. String, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 246. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 247. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 248. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 23 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 249. Not to exceed 30 square feet, S5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 L50 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. LILIES.— No. 250. Display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CANNA.— No. 251. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. No. 252, Vase of 20 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 253. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS DISPLAY.— No. 254. No restrictions as to arrange- ment, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 255. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 256. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 257. St. Ghislain, 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33 No. 258. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 259. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No 2fin 1 .50 1 00 50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 261. Moore s Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 "NTn 9fi9 IMO. ^D^j. l-< T»0 O O TIT ijraQonaw, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 nn 1 .uu No. 263. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 50 No. 264. Washington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 266. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 267. Jefferson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 270. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DWARF LIMA BEANS.— No. 271. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, SWEET. — No. 272. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 273. Squash, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 275. Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 276. Display covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, August 30 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 277. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 278. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 279. 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 280. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 281. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— No. 282. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 283. Foundling, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 284. Holden or Fall Orange 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 285. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 286. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 287. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 288. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 289. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35 No. 290. For Japanese, varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 291. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 292. Crawford (early), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 293. Other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CABBAGE, ANY NAMED VARIETY. No. 294. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 ,50 CELERY, BLANCHED (named). — No. 295. Six specimens, any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, HALF-PECK. — No. 296. Large Lima, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES.— No. 297. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 6 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 298. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 299. No restrictions as to shape, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 300. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LAKGE FLOWERED. No. 301. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POMPON. No. 302. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three sprays each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. No. 303. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 304. Gravenstein, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 305. Maiden's blush, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 306. Porter, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 307. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 37 APPLE, CRAB.— No. 308. Hyslop, 24 specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 309. Bartlett, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 310. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 311. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. Elberta, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 313. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 314. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 316. Coe's Golden Drop, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 317. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 318. Green Mountain, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 319. Moore's, 1.50 1.00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 320. Green Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 321. Yellow Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. Water, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 323. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 EGG PLANT.— Xo. 324. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 325. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Thursday, September 13 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 326. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 327. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 328. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 329. Not to exceed 50 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA, SEEDLINGS. — No. 330. One vase, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 331. American Beauty or SterUng, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 332. Mother, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 333. Twenty-ounce, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 334. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 335. Urbaniste, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 336. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 337. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 338. Satsuma, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 339. Pond's Seedling, 1.50 1.00 .50 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 340. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, three specimens. — No. 341. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Golden Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 343. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 344. Paris Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 345. Other varieties, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 346. Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 347. Savoy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 348. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 349. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 20 This Exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 350. Xot to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 COSMOS.— No. 351. Display, one large vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELOSIA.— No. 352. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 353. Coggswell, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 354. Hubbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 355. Pewaukee, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 356. Lyscom, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 357. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 358. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 359. Superfin, l.qO 1.00 .50 No. 360. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 PEACH, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 361. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 362. Crawford (late), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 363. Stump the World, 1.50 1.00 .50 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 364. Brighton, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 365. Campbell, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 366. Lindley, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 367. Massasoit, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 368. Worden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1\U. OUc7. V_/UilL/Ul U., 2.00 1.50 l.UU .ou No. 370. Delaware, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 371. Niagara, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 372. Pocldington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 373. ^loore's Diamond, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 374. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 375. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 376. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 377. Not to exceed 16 square feet, 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 378. Collection not to exceed 25 vari- eties, arrangement to be con- sidered, 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Annual Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 11 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 379. Not to exceed 20 vases, no re- strictions as to arrange- ment, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 380. Cut flowers in any form, $25.00 may be awarded. CHRYSANTHEMUM.— No. 381. Four vases, six blooms in each. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD BOX. No. 382. Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 383. Any variety, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 384. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 385. Bellflower, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 386. Sutton Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 387. Tompkins King, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 No. 388. Fallawater, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 389. Peck's, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 390. Pound Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 391. R. I. Greening, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 392. Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 393. Northern Spy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 394. Palmer, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. Roxbury Russet, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 396. Canada Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 397. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 398. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 399. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS.- No. 400. Angouleme, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 401. Clairgeau, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 402. Dana's Hovey, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 403. Langelier, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 404. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 405. Winter Nelis, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 406. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 407. Cornice, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 408. Onondaga, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 409. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 410. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 411. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 412. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 [2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 45 No. 413. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 414. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 415. Champion, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 416. Half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 417. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 418. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 419. Boston market, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 420. Giant Pascal, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 421. Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 422. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ENDIVE.— No. 423. Six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .05 LEEKS.— No. 424. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No 425. Red Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 426. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 427. White, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 428. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 429. Hollow Crown, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1917 Xo. 430. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— Xo. 431. Half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PUMPKIX.— Xo. 432. Sweet, three speciinenSj 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SALSIFY.— X'o. 433. Twelve spechnens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQL'ASH. THREE SPECIMEXS. Xo. 434. Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 435. Bay State, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 436. Any other variety-. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURXIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 437. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 438. White Egg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 439. White Swede, six specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 440. Yellow Swede, six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORX.— X'o. 441. Field Corn, of 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 8, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 9, open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 442. Twelve blooms, named, in vases, $8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 443. Six blooms, named, in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 444. Best bloom, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 445. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, white, of one named variety, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 446. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, pink, of one named variety, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 447. Vase of 10 blooms, long stems, yellow, of one named va- riety, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 448. Vase of six blooms, long stems, red, of one named variety, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 449. Vase of 20 blooms, mixed col- ors, 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 450. Pompons, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 451. Single varieties, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 452. Specimen plants $30.00 in prizes. 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTUR.\L SOCIETY. [1917 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS. No. 453. 885.00 may be awarded. Persons corapeting for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Mondaj", Xov. 1. No. 454. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — S50.00 may be used for prizes. No. 455. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no restric- tions), SIO.OO 7.00 5.00 3.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 456. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibi- tors may elect, SIO.OO 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 457. Fancy Basket of Apples, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 458. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES, wiLLiA^i ea:mes fund. A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, S2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 49 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual fleeting, Wednesday, December 5, 1917. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1917. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County under 14 years old Exhibition to be held Friday August 24th, 1917 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Mass. THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS Printers Friday, August 24 Display of flowers grown from seed, not to exceed 20 vases, six premiums, SS.OO 2. .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xot to exceed 10 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DRUMMOXD PHLOX.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET PEAS.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CHIXA PIXKS.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 A.STERS.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 XASTURTIUMS.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 PETEXIAS.- Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZIXXIAS.— Xot to exceed 15 vases, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COLLECTIOX OF VEGETABLES.— Twelve varieties, six premiums, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Six varieties, four premiums. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Same person cannot compete in both classes. BEETS.— Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— Two specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 STRIXG BEAXS.— Two quarts, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEAXS.— Two quarts, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1917] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 53 CARROTS.— Six specimens, four premiums. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— Six specimens, four premiums, TOMATOES.— 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Six specimens, four premiums, WINTER SQUASH.— 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Two specimens, four premiums, CUCUMBERS.— 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Six specimens, four premiums, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under fourteen years old. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.15 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticul- tural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every faciUty possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edw^ard W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble J. Lewis Ells'worth Herbert R. Kinney Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton. The Garden Blue Book, by Leicester B. Holland. The Practical Book of Outdoor Rose Growing, by George C. Thomas, Jr. Principles of Floriculture, by Edward A. White. The Landscape Gardening Book, by Grace Tabor. The Art of Landscape Architecture, by Samuel Parsons. Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by M. G. Kains. Cherries of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Continuous Bloom in America, by Louise Shelton. The Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Vols. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Productive Vegetable Growing, by John William Lloyd. The Potato, by E. H. Grubb & W. S. Guilford. The Soil, by F. H. King. Rose Annual, 1916. Sweet Pea Annual, 1916. The Well-Considered Garden, by Mrs. Francis King. Sweet Peas for Profit, by J. Harrison Dick. EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1917 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawbem^ Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Gladiolus' Exhibition Children's Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition i Thursday, March 8, 3 to 10 p. m. 1 Friday, March 9, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 10, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 28, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, July 19, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, August 23, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, August 24, 3 to 4.30 p. m. Thursday, September 20, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 11, 3 to 9 p. m. f Thursday, November 8, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 9, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Regular weekly exhibitions will be held on the following Thurs- day afternoons, open to the pubhc from 3 to 4.30 p. m., June 14 " 21, July 5, 12, 26, August 2, 9, 16, 30, September 6 and 13. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble Albert H. Lange H. Ward Moore Leonard C. Midgley Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William J. Wheeler Lucy M. Coulson Presidentf Arthur E. Hartshorn Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney ransactions of the Worcester County orticultural Society Reports of tke Officers and Lectures For the Year End ingf December 1, 1918 Worcester, Mass. THE DAVIS PRESS 25 Foster Street 1920 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1918 President: CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester. VICE-PRESIDENTS : LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton ALFRED H. KNIGHT, of Shrewsbury. secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester. Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY !M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen, Harding Allen, , Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, William McAllister, Edward W. Breed. Herbert A. Cook, Benn M. Chamberlain, Charles W. Wood, WilUam Anderson, Fred L. Chamberlain, Harry W. Goddard, J. Lewds Ellsworth, Allyne W. Hixon, Auburn Barre Leicester Leominster Millbury Whitinsville CUnton Shrewsbury Holden Shrewsbury S. Lancaster Worcester Mrs. Homer Gage, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Walter D. Ross, Fred H. Chamberlain, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Louis J. Kendall, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George C. Rice, Howard E. Sumner, Wilham J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Simon E. Fisher, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES ON finance: Myron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthiu- E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1918. ON library and publications rdward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, ON nomenclature: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, WilUam Anderson, ON arrangements and exhibitions. Edward W. Breed, Chairman H. Ward Moore, Albert H. Lange, Lucy M. Coulson, Herbert R. Kinney George Calvin Rice Simon E. Fisher Leonard C Midgley Arthur E. Hartshorn President, Charles Greenwood, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney AUDITORS Benjamin C. Jaques, H. Ward Moore, Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc., Alfred H. Green, Worcester, Of Fruits, etc.; Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood, Worcester Leonard C. Midgley MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange, Herbert A. Cook, ON WINTER MEETINGS Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, Myron F. Converse Walter D. Ross President, Charles Greenwood, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Contents Annual Report for the Year 1918 Report of Secretary- Report of Librarian Report of Treasurer Report of Finance Committee Report of Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers Report of Judge of Fruit Report of Judge of Vegetables Report of Judge of Medal Committee Report of Committee on Winter Meetings Lectures- Flora and Natural History of the Arctic — By Donald B. MacMillan, Boston. Vegetable Growing — H. M. Howard, West Newton. Seeds Bewitched — Herbert W. Faulkner, Washington, Conn. Culture and Sale of Apples — Danforth P. Miller, Auburn. Industrial Side of California — James W. Erwin, New York. Growing and Exhibiting Flowers — Allen J. Jenkins, Shrewsbury. Marketing Perishable Products — Howard W. Selby, Springfield. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December 1, 1918 Secretary's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The past season has been nearer normal than 1917 was. We have carried on our work along the same general lines that the Society has been following for several years. Our Winter Meetings were arranged on a rather more economical basis and on more practical Unes than usual; and while our total attendance was good, the two illustrated lectures were the attractions. The one on the "Flora and Natural History of the Arctic, " by Donald B. MacMillan gave us one-half of our total attendance. Owing to the short supply of coal and the closing of some of the larger greenhouses the floral exhibits were not so extensive as some years at our Spring Exhibition, but the exhibitors put extra effort into the arranging and the effect was excellent. This has been another year when the flowers have been shown much more freely than have fruits and vegetables. I do not think this should be taken to indicate that our fruit and vegetable growers have lost their interest in the Society or have given up the growing of fine specimens, but rather, that it is ■due to the shortage of labor and many have not had the time to select and exhibit as formerly. Many of our summer flower exhibitors are not commercial growers and seem to have been able to not only keep up to their former standards, but have really made rapid progress in the growing and arranging of their exhibits. From our Children's Exhibitions this year it would seem that our offering of prizes for the older children was a feature that it would be well to continue. The classes were well filled and many of the exhibits were excellent. Some of the displays were particularly attractive. The event of the season was the Chrysanthemum Exhibition, November 7 and 8. This exhibition was turned over to the Red Cross and the American Fund of French Wounded after it was judged. They sold tickets for admis- sion; served a supper, November 7, and a luncheon, November 8. Flowers and various articles were sold both days. 1918] REPORT OP SECRETARY 5 At the close of the exhibition most of the exhibitors gave part of their exhibits, and some all, to be sold at auction, and while there were a few things that sold high the average was fair. We have recently lost two of our oldest members. Col. William A. William8» who joined the Society in 1854, and Mr. A. H. Sears, who joined in 1866. Mr. Sears exhibited at our October exhibition. New members 1918: Mrs. Grace E. Duffy Mr. Alfred S. Pinkerton Mr. Andrew G. Hildreth Mr. Clarence E. Lee Mr. Winfred H. Whiting Deceased members 1918: Mrs. John C. Whitin Mr. Frederick H. Hammond Mrs. Nellie F. Kennedy Mrs. James Draper Mrs. Nancy Smith Mr. Alfred M. Robinson Mr. Erwin E. Aldrich Mr. John F. Gannon Mr. U. Waldo Cutler Miss Catherine M. Bent Miss Josephine E. Davis Mr. Charles M. Bent Mr. Alden H. Sears Mr. Edward I. Smith Miss Sarah D. Phelps Mr. William A. Williams Respectfully submitted, H. R. KINNEY, Secretary WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1917 Annual Meeting of the Society, Wednesday, December 5, 1917, Horticultural Hall, President Arthur E. Hartshorn, presiding. The Secretary read the call for the meeting and the report of the last meeting which were approved. These officers' reports were read and referred to the Committee on Publication. Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Treasurer, Burt W. Greenwood. Librarian, Lucy M. Coulson. Committee reports, read and referred: Finance, Myron F. Converse. Arrangements and Exhibitions, Edward W. Breed. Auditors, H. Ward Moore. Medal, Albert H. Lange. Winter Meetings, Joseph K. Greene. Judges' reports: Flowers and Plants, Alfred H. Green. Fruit, Herbert A. Cook. Vegetables, Charles Greenwood. 6 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 Article 2 — Election of Officers. President Hartshorn called on Mr. E. W. Breed, chairman of the Nominat- ing Committee, for their recommendations for officers for the ensuing year. The report was accepted. President Hartshorn appointed Messrs. H. Ward Moore and William J. Wheeler a committee to distribute, collect, and count the ballots. They reported for President: Charles Greenwood, 32. Scattering, 8. Mr. Greenwood was declared elected. On Mr. H. B. Watts' motion the President cast one vote for Herbert R. Kinney for Secretary and he was declared elected. On Mr. L. C. Midgley's motion the Secretary cast one ballot for the re- mainder of the candidates recommended by the Nominating Committee, and they were declared elected. Mr. Myron F. Converse, for the Finance Committee, made a motion that the appropriation for the ensuing year be $5,500. In explanation of the reason for cutting down the appropriation he said that our running expenses would be larger, and in order to keep within our income it would be necessary to economize. This was unanimously carried. On Mr. Converse's motion it was voted to get a Service Flag. On Mr. A. H. Lange's motion it was voted to have an Honor Roll in the Library. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1917 Annual meeting of the Trustees. Meeting called to order at 10 a. m., by President Charles Greenwood. Six- teen members present. Secretary read the call for the meeting. The report of the last meeting was read and approved. Mr. E. W. Breed called for the reading of the report of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions, held October 24, to consider recommendations presented the Trustees September 27 by the committee appointed March 8, 1917. On Mr. Hartshorn's motion the recommendations of the committee were unanimously adopted. The report of the Committee on Library and Publications was read and accepted. Committees for the ensuing year, see officers. On Mr. Hartshorn's motion the appropriation for Flowers and Plants $1200.00 Fruit 1000.00 Vegetables 650.00 Children's Exhibits 250.00 Total $3100.00 1918] REPORT OF SECRETARY 7 Judges 150.00 Salaries: Secretary 500.00 Librarian 600.00 Treasurer 150.00 On Mr. Breed's motion the appropriation for Winter Meetings was made $300.00. On Mr. Green's motion, it was voted to appropriate SIOO.OO for a reunion and to leave the matter in the hands of the Committee on Winter Meetings. Publications $300.00 Periodicals 100.00 THURSDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1917 Annual meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Meeting was called to order at 10 a. m. Mr. Edward W. Breed was unanimously elected chairman. On Mr. Fisher's motion it was voted that the Secretary enforce Rule 1. It was voted to have the same scale of points for judging wild flowers that we now have for cut flowers. On Mr. Hartshorn's motion it was voted to insert a leaflet in the schedule calling attention to Rule 1, the scale of points for judging flowers and collec- tions. Owing to less appropriations, exhibitors are asked to confine their exhibits as much as possible to the regular schedule. It was voted to have the children's exhibitions Saturdays. To have music at our Spring and Chrysanthemum exhibitions. To have two children's exhibitions and to have two classes at each: one for children under 14, and one between 14 and 21. The President and Secretary were instructed to prepare a schedule for the children's exhibitions. The changes in the schedule were mostly to bring the list down to the appro- priations. FRIDAY, JANUARY 4, 1918 Annual Meeting of the Library Committee. Mr. Edward W. Breed was unanimously elected chairman. All members were present. It was voted to have practically the same list of periodicals as last year; and that the Librarian be authorized to notify the pubhc that the Library is open for their use. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1918 Meeting of the Committee on Winter Meetings. All members were present. The meeting was called to see about the advis- ability of having a reunion this year. After the question had been considered at some length it was voted on a motion by Mr. Ross: That under present conditions it was not desirable to have a reunion this year but to wait until the "Boys Come Back" and times are nearer normal. 8 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1918 Special Meeting of the Arrangement and Exhibition Committee. Meeting called to order at 11 a. m. by Chairman Breed. The committee instructed the Secretary to enforce Rule 1. The committee and the new judge of flowers and plants discussed Rule 11. The matter of prizes was considered at length and it was the consensus of opinion that in making the larger awards the judges should confer with the Committee on Arrangements. It was recommended that under the call for varieties it would often be desirable to give smaller and more prizes than is usual under the regular call. THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1918 Regular Meeting of the Trustees. Meeting called to order at 10.30 a. m. by President Greenwood. There being no business, Mr. Knight moved that we adjourn. The motion was unanimously adopted. THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 1918 Special Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Chairman Breed said that owing to the unusual season which was two or more weeks earlier than usual it had seemed to some of the members that it would be wise to hold the rose and strawberrj' exhibition, scheduled for June 27, with our next exhibition, June 20. On Mr. Fisher's motion it was voted to hold the two exhibitions June 20 and have it an evening show. The offer of Mr. George C. Thurlow, Cherr>' Hill Nurseries, to give two prizes of fifteen and ten dollars' worth of peony roots at our Peonia Exhibition was accepted. THURSDAY, AUGUST 29, 1918 Special Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Chairman Breed said he thought the Society should do something for the war. He had first thought that we might do something at our Rose Exhibition but some of those with whom he had talked thought it would be better to wait until the Chrysanthemum Exhibition. He thought we might stage the Exhibition as usual and then turn it over to some of the war relief associations as the Red Cross and French Wounded. They could charge an entrance fee and might have other methods of raising money. He thought some of the exhibitors would donate their exhibits. Mr. Greenwood was in favor of anything to help the boys but hoped there would be no publicity of our intention until after the New England Fair next week, which was being run for the benefit of the Red Cross. Mr. Lange made a motion that the Exhibition be turned over to the Red Cross at 4 p. m. the first day for the two days. It was so voted. 1918] REPORT OP SECRETARY 9 The following resolution offered by Mr. Lange was unanimously adopted: That we communicate with the Red Cross and offer them our Chrysanthemum Exhibition for the two days, November 7 and 8, to use as they may deem best for raising money for relief work. It was moved by Mrs. Forbes that the chairman represent the committee in making arrangements with the Red Cross, and report to the committee. SEPTEMBER 12, 1918 Special Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Chairman Breed said he had met representatives of the Red Cross and French Wounded Societies and that they were much interested in the proposed exhibition. He hoped we should make it an Exhibition worthy of the Cause. Mr. Midgley thought we should do our best, but that it might be harder to get flowers than some years. Mr. Moore moved that the report be accepted and that the chairman con- tinue to represent the committee. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1918 Regular Meeting of the Trustees. Meeting called to order by Vice-President Leonard C. Midgley. Chairman Breed of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions said that there was not a quorum present but that he would tell the Trustees something about what his committee was planning to do at the Chrysanthe- mum Exhibition. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1918 Regular Meeting of the Finance Committee. After the monthly bills were disposed of the chairman moved to authorize the Treasurer to wiohdraw from the Marlborough Savings Bank the full amount of deposits with accrued dividends thereon. It was so voted. Respectfully submitteed, H. R. KINNEY, Secretary Librarian's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: In presenting the customarj' annual report, your librarian begs to state that about the usual number of members have availed themselves of the library privileges. Early in the Spring the Library Committee prepared a circular letter to be sent to the various manufacturing plants contemplating war gardens, offering the use of our Library for reference and consultation. In response to this invitation a good many people outside of our Society took advantage of the opportunity to consult our books and magazines. The usual work of binding and filing has been continued through the year. The Library has had several accessions of value during the year which are included in the following detailed list : — United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletins, Nos. 856, 936. Monthly Lists of Publications, January to November, 1918. Washington, D. C. Yearbook, 1917. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, No. 11. North American Varieties of the Strawberry. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, No. 8. 183. Massach\isetts Agricultural College, Extension Service, Circular, 53, 58, 59, 63, 70, 71, 72, 75 _ University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletins Nos. 162-168. University of Nebraska, Thirty-first Annvial Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebra ska. National War Garden Commission, Home Canning and Drying of Vegetables and Fruits. War Vegetable Gardening and the Home Storage of Vegetables. Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners, 1917. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 199. Botanical Series, Vol. IV, No. 1. New Species of Xanthium and Solidago. Twenty-Seventh Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations, 1917. Proceedings of the Thirty-third Annual Convention of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, 1917. Perdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, Nos. 216, 217. Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticvdtural Society, Part 1, 1918. Sixty-Fifth Annual Report of the Massachusetts State Board of Agricult\ire, Part II, 1917. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. XIII, 1917 Coloiu-ed Vade-Mecum to the Alpine Flora, by L. Schroter and Dr. C. Schroter. Donated by Dr. Hosea M. Quimby. Vegetable Forcing, by Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberry in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design. The Mysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by G. F. Warren. Indian Corn, by C. S. Plumb. Home Vegetable Gardening from A-Z, by Adolph Kruhm. The American Rose Annual, 1918. Wheat Culture, by D. S. Curtiss. School Agriculture, by Milo N. Wood. 1918] REPORT OP LIBRARIAN 11 Bean Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Book of Wheat, by Peter Tracy Dondlinger. The Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferino Dominguez. Modern Fruit Marketing by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. How to Grow Vegetables, by Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lowell. Worcester Telegram. Evening Gazette. Evening Post. Weekly Guide. Worcester City Directory, Publications and Periodicals: Country Life in America House and Garden Garden Magazine The Rural New Yorker The Farm Journal New England Homestead The Country Gentleman The National Grange Monthly American Florist Horticulture Florists' Exchange Florists' Review Gardeners' Chronicle English Publications: Garden Gardeners* Chronicle LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian Gardening Park and Cemetery The Guide to Nature Rhodora Orchid Review The American City The Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Growers Journal The Fruitman and Gardener American Forestry The Touchstone International Garden Club The National Geographic Magazine Gardening Respectfully submitted, November 30, 1918. O"«*^rt^iOO00C0»C(NiOO!r0OOO OfNCO (N CO CO 'tf Tt< O CO O riCO C^OIO 1-H CO 05 i-H (M i-H (N GO a> GO GO o I-:) a GO G O C X g § § few a| ^ O O ^^ CO 03 o ^' E s CO lo 00 c o CO oc »o o dcodd CO o »o I— I ic o CO CO O 05 CO »-H CO QO (N CO O O lO O O O O l> lO T}^ OS O) (N (N 00 00 (N 05 o O ^ ^ CO S CI a S g ^ fl x'c fl 0;=: 1^ ^ C3 a GO u o 00 0^ o c & +-» ^00 CO o CO eodod CO o a> 0 CO CO CO 0 • 00 1-1 00'' (N »— I O O tJ^ O "^t^ O CO Tj< O O O CO o 10 »o d d CO d CO t^O'-ioooot^ (M O (N O O !N S c c o S • S cj «-| c3 ^-1 '"^ -c -7= ^ ^ s 10 CO CO Ci 00 ^' 00 CO C3 3 3 32 ^ « « ^ ^ eg o3 o3 ^ C 2 o O O 00 01 (N O CO CO 05 d tj^' CO i> 00 O O 00 05 0_0 O_C0 co'"d"i>co i-T 3 a o Tt^ ^ CO O 10 f*5 CO 1-H t>- 00 1-t (N 01 »0 C o > T-H 000 .-H i-( CO »o rti 00' I> d C5 (M O »0 10 »0 03 GO ^ CO >1 fcn ^ 03 O CO 02 ai ^ C3 C3 C3 o o o C3 CO Q O O o •I s w PQ a ^ •3 S li ^1 6 •-5 O W W W H 1 o o ^ o ^ Si O 03 4 s 0) O Report of Finance Committee Worcester, Mass., December 4, 1918 To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The heavy anxieties incident to War-times have engaged the attention of all the people of this and other communities during the year now closing. This condition is reflected in the revenue from your property as will be disclosed in the statement of your Treasurer. The lack of proper heating facilities in the stores has necessitated a change in the piping and radiation which has been completed during the past few weeks involving an extraordinary expenditure of approximately one thousand dollars. We are pleased to mention that your Finance Committee has given generous interpretation to your wishes regarding the use of Horticultural Hall for such patriotic purposes as have come to our attention. We are appreciative of the co-operation of Officers and Members, especially of the Librarian, during these stirring days, and now that a permanent peace is being established we look to the future with confidence, content that we have labored with a purpose to be faithful even in the small things of the times. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, Chairman Report of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions It is a pleasure to report that in spite of the War, which has demanded an increased amount of our time and material our Society has been able to carry- out its schedule of exhibitions in a very satisfactory' manner. The earliness of the spring season made it necessary to hold our Rose, Peony, and Strawberry Exhibition a week earher uniting it with the regular exhibition on June 20. The October exhibition was postponed two weeks on account of the influenza. All other exhibitions were held as per schedule. The regular exhibitions have been open from 3 to 6 o'clock. The object in having them open later than formerly was to accommodate those who might drop in on their way home. The result was partly satisfactory, but not en- tirely so for the exhibitors, many of whom live at a distance, perhaps had to wait another hour for their car. There are still some debatable questions regarding the scale of points, that the Committee may find necessajy to revise another season. The special exhibitions have been well sustained both by exhibitors and visitors and have added much to keep our shows up to a high standard. The displays of fruit and vegetables are vying with the floral displays adding to the attractive features of our exhibitions and show a marked im- provement over the displays made in former years. Six medals have been awarded testifying to the excellence of the exhibits. Your chairman felt that this Society ought to be identified with some con- tribution to war work. Accordingly after consulting with the Committee it was decided to turn our Chrv santhemum Exhibition over to the Red Cross and French Wounded Societies and have them manage it for a profit. These societies were pleased with the proposition and as a result over SIOOO was realized for their work. The Children's Exhibitions have proved very popular. Their exhibits, particularly the collections of vegetables in their last exhibition, were excellent. The Society should do everything possible to encourage these young gar- deners, who may be the future officers of our Society. We were glad to welcome new exhibitors the past year, some of whom have already won distinction. The sub-committees on Flower, Fruit, and Vegetables were asked at the beginning of the year to keep their awards for premiums and prizes within the appropriation. In this they have been successful. I desire to express my appreciation of the faithful work the members of the Committee have done and to all the members of the Society who have in any way contributed in making the year 1918 a memorable one in the exhibitions of our Society. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD W. BREED, Chairman Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers for 1918 The season of 1918 opened with the March Exhibition which was a very pretty exhibition. The competition was light. The carnations from A. H. Knight and Sunnyside Greenhouses were very good. The Cineraria Stellata from Charles Potter were well grown. A new rose from the Hadley Rose Company received a Certificate of Merit. The flower garden from Iristhorpe, E. W. Breed, and the group from RandaU Flower Shop were well put together and much admired. The May Exhibition was the best I remember of ever seeing in the HaU. A very uncommon and beautiful group consisted of Clarkia, Schizanthus, and Statis from the C. H. Hutchins Estate. Mr. Edwards, the gardener, deserves great credit for producing such a wonderful display. The table decorations were good, the Carnations from Samuel Goddard, Framingham, which re- ceived the Silver Medal were wonderful. A new variety of Lilac from Joseph H. Perry received a Certificate of Merit. The June Exhibition brought out the usual high quality garden flowers. The exhibit of Hybrid Tea Roses from Iristhorpe and Miss Elizabeth Bishop were both in first class. Owing to the very early season the rose exhibition was put on a week earher than the schedule called for. The winners in the Peony classes received special prizes given by Thurlow and Sons. July eleventh, Lihum Candidum and Japanese Iris were not so good as usual. Miss Coulson exhibited an extra fine strain of China Pinks at this show. At the July eighteenth Sweet Pea Show the flowers were very good especially the Peas from Iristhorpe which were equal to the Sweet Peas you see at New- port Shows. Asters were very good at all shows. Cannas were very good. Dahlias were very poor until the last call. Celosias were shown in quantity and good quality. The Chrysanthemum Show was quite a success this year. There were not so many of the large flowers in evidence as some years, but the large display from the C. H. Hutchins Estate, Iristhorpe, Lange's, E. W. Breed, and Randall Flower Shop more than made up for what was lacking in other respects. The children's exhibition in August I would call very poor. The one in September was a very creditable exhibition ; the vegetable part of it excellent. Respectfully submitted, ALFRED H. GREEN, Judge of Flowers and Plants Report of Judge of Fruit The winter of 1917-18 was one of the most severe in fifty years. The mer- cury did not rise above forty degrees from November twentieth until February- thirteenth. A great many trees and buds were injured by the cold dry winds in the northern and western states. Baldwin apple trees were injured, and a great many were killed. Because of the bitter cold there was not a single entry of peaches during the season, and only six premiums for cherries, against twenty-six for 1917. Strawberries suffered from the hard winter, but less than some of the other small fruits. It was a surprise to many that raspberries stood the hard winter so well. In 1917 there were only nine premiums, in 1918 there were twenty- six premiums. It has been my experience that when it was cold enough to kill peach buds, raspberries were a partial failure. Apples were fewer in number of exhibits than last year, there being eighty- four premiums less than in 1917. The warm weather in May caused apples to bloom earlier than usual, and the fruit ripened a week or two earlier in the season. One of the most attractive exhibits was the display of fruits September 26th. The display of apples at the Chrysanthemum Show in November deserves special mention. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as follows: Strawberries 37, cherries 6, currants 20, raspberries 26, gooseberries 4, blackberries 8, peaches 0, plums 28, grapes 45, quinces 7, apples 116, pears 102, chestnut 1, blueberry 1, display of fruit 5, display of apples 5, display of pears 3, display of strawberries 3, display of plums 2, silver medal for a seedling grape, making a total of 420 premiums awarded, 98 less than in 1917^ Respectfully submitted, HERBERT A. COOK, Judge of Fruit Report of Judge of Vegetables The past season was quite favorable for the production of most vegetables and the usual high standard of quality has been maintained in our exhibitions. The quantity has not been as great as in some seasons, owing no doubt to scarcity of labor. The season was unusually favorable for cabbage and squashes and they were shown in great abundance and of the finest quality. Celery, though very good, was not up to the usual standard in quantity or quaUty and cauliflower was far below the usual showing. The special displays of vegetables on small tables was as in former years, one of the pleasing features of the exhibitions, and the taste displayed in the arrangement showed great interest and pride on the part of the exhibitors. The field corn shown at the October exhibition was very fine, and there was a new feature at this showing, viz. field beans and grains, and I think it may be well to encourage these crops by ofTering cash prizes. The showing of flint corn in connection with the fruit at the November exhibition added much to the attractiveness of the room, the exhibitors being E. and H. W. Moore and F. L. Chamberlain. We have had several new exhibitors and the fact that some of them have won the "blue ribbon" in competition with the old experts is ample evidence that the object of the Society — "the advancement of the science and practice of horticulture" is attained; while the interest of the children in their exhibi- tions (which improve each year) gives promise that the future is safe. Respectfully submitted, CHARLES GREENWOOD, Judge of Vegetables Report of Medal Committee Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The Medal Committee submits its report for the year 1918. Hadwen Medals Samuel J. Goddard. May 16, 1918. Display of Carnations. Iristhorpe June 27, 1918. Collection of Roses. Iristhorpe July 18, 1918. Collection of Sweet Peas. Iristhorpe August 22, 1918. Collection of GladioH. Blake Medals Herbert A. Cook, Sept. 26, 1918. Seedling Grape No. 3. Andrew J. Pow, Nov. 7-8, 1918. Collection of Nerine. ALBERT H. LANGE, For the Medal Committee Report of Committee on Winter Meetings Although the appropriation for Winter Meetings was cut down quite a little from previous years and we were allowed three hundred dollars for the Winter meetings and one hundred dollars for our annual reunion, we cut out the annual reunion altogether and spent but $207.60 on winter meetings thus saving nearly two hundred dollars. The course opened with a lecture by Donald B. MacMillan, the distinguished Artie explorer, the hall being too small to hold all who wished to attend. The full program given was as follows : January 3, Lecture — Flora and Natural History of the Arctic. Mr. Donald B. MacMillan, A.M., F.R.G.S., Boston, Mass. January 17, Lecture — Vegetable Growing. Mr. H. M. Howard, Market Gardener, West Newton, Mass. January 24, Lecture — Seeds Bewitched. H. W. Faulkner, Ph.B., D.E., Washington, Conn. January 31, Lecture — Fruit Culture. Mr. Danforth P. Miller, of the Sumner Fruit Co., of Auburn, Mass. February 7, Illustrated Lecture — The Industrial Side of California. Mr. James W. Erwin, New York. February 14, Lecture — Growing and Exhibiting Flowers. Mr. Allan J. Jenkins, Shrewsbury, Mass. February 21, Lecture — Marketing Perishable Products. Mr. Howard S. Selby, Springfield, Mass. Respectfully submitted, JOSEPH K. GREENE, Chairman December 4, 1918 Illustrated Lecture Flora and Natural History of the Arctic Donald B. MacMillan, A.M., F.R.G.S,, Boston, Mass. January 3, 1918 Donald B. MacMillan, Arctic explorer, who had just returned from a four- year expedition in the polar regions, opened the winter meetings with an illustrated lecture on northern Greenland. He with a party of six consisting of Elmer Ekhlaw, botanist and geologist, Dr. M.C.Tanguay, zoologist. Ensign FitzHugh Green, physicist, Dr. Harrison J. Hunt, surgeon; Jerome Lee Allen, wireless operator; and J. C. Small, mechanic left Brooklyn navy yard July 2, 1913 on the Diana with three years' provi- sions. Their object was the exploration of Crockerland, reported to be 120 miles due northwest of Cape Thorn on the Polar sea, 400 miles from the north pole. They landed at Etah in northern Greenland Sept. 1, 1913, with their provisions, and the ship returned home. In Etah are the most northern of Eskimos, the entire population being only 276. Summer brings to this land a rush of waters, a swarming of birds, a wealth of sunshine, a luxuriance of grass and an abundance of flowers. The Greenland of geography with its endless nights, vast snows, and glittering icebergs were pictured; but the slides of greatest interest and wonder were those of the summer showing hillsides covered with Arctic poppies, valleys knee high in grass; waterfalls pouring through crevices of rock with the strength of Niagara; and millions of birds sunning on the jagged cliffs. There are 124 varieties of flora in Greenland. Slides showed flowers grow- ing by the sides of rivers clogged with ice, and even under the ice itself, ap- pearing like blossoms growing under the glass of a greenhouse. A picture of his dinner table on which was a centerpiece of Arctic poppies and other beauti- ful flowers was shown, followed by a glimpse of the little Eskimo maid who kept him suppUed with these blossoms within 370 miles of the north pole. Glimpses of the people of Greenland were given and descriptions of their dress. A group of Eskimo women working on sealskin with their teeth, making garments for their husbands and children caused much amusement. Slides of polar bears and gentle polar dogs were among the best in the series. The polar dog is gentle toward mankind but regards anything on four feet as its legitimate prey. An upright tail is an indication of peace, while a droop- ing tail is a sign of exhaustion. Parting with his dogs with whom he had travelled over 8,000 miles was hard on Professor MacMillan. Three of them he brought home with him. 1918] FLORA AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC 23 Interior and exterior views of his Greenland hut Hghted by electricity and equipped with a telephone and six victrolas were shown. Traces of former explorers, Doctor Kane of '53, Peary and Cook were also photographed. Mid- night excursions in the light of the midnight sun were some of the most beauti- ful pictures in the entire collection. The last picture was a group of native men, women, and children who had become attached to the explorer during the four years of daily contact, and were now wondering why he was leaving them to go back to those southern people who were "killing one another." July 31, 1917 the Neptune commanded by Captain Robert Bartlett came for the explorers; and August 4 they left Etah. They had covered 10,000 miles, discovered 9 new islands, mapped out 400 miles of the new coastland, removed Crockerland from the map, were the first to reach Finlayland seen 60 years before by search expeditions, and the first to explore northern, eastern, and southern shores of North Cornwall, north of Peary islands. The American museum of natural history, the American Geographical Society, both of New York, and the University of Illinois financed the trip. Vegetable Growing By H. M. Howard, Market Gardner, West Newton, Mass. January 17, 1918 For early crops use your lightest land as it is in condition earlier and is much warmer than heavier ground. It is also much less liable to crust over during wet spells. This light land is also best for the very late crops as it does not freeze so hard and root crops come out better, as the dirt does not stick to them so badly as in the heavier soils. Heavy soils should never be worked when wet as it may damage them for the whole season or more. These heavy soils are very desirable for the mid- summer crops and for celery later. At this time labor seems to be the one thing that the market gardener is up against. He is obliged to do a year's work in some 200 days and extra help is harder to get and not so reliable as formerly. He liked to have enough on his list so that he could get extra at short notice. He thought we should have to pay more this year, probably $3 per day. Most of the work on the vegetable farm is such that the gardener should be on the job most of the time. Capital depends upon the size of the place. He thought ten or fifteen acres made a nice market garden. He had always been able to get what money he needed from the bank. You should have sufficient capital so as to buy for cash. He would advise buying seed from the same parties every year. He thought you should get $10 for every one you put in manure. The manure should be thoroughly incorporated with the soil, not just put on or in. He would use it rather fresh for early crops. It is better to have been worked over two or three times before using. He preferred to use it while it was warm. Stable manure that has had hogs on it was the ideal. He uses 25 cords per acre and had used as much as 40 for lettuce and spinach. On this land he did not expect to use any manure the following year. He did not intend to cut spinach until it would cut 1000 bushels per acre. The majority of the market gardeners get out and show the men how to do the work. Some seem to get along just as well with out going into the field to work. He liked to know how the manure was worked over and spread. He liked to have the job done well and found it essential to look after it himself. He had found hen manure fine for beets and corn. The gardener who raises only a few crops does not have to bother so much about water but the intensive market gardener finds it very important. This is especially important on the lighter soils. He uses the Skinner System and likes it. He preferred to use the water in the evening and thought it worked rather better when there was some wind. You can work the land very soon after watering. The surface of the ground should be broken as soon as dry enough after watering. An application of one inch of water should ordinarily be enough for a week . He sometimes used as much as two inches at a time for beans and tomatoes. 1918] VEGETABLE GROWING 25 He believed in very thorough trimming of the tomato and sometimes had trouble from their burning. He cultivated them as long as he could. He believed in having plans for the year made so as to know what you needed for manure and seed. His fields were all designated and he carried a book in his pocket in which he had these plans and in which he noted down things of interest as they came to his notice. Climatic changes often make it necessary to change these plans. Ordinarily speaking, the tomatoes sold in July and August were much more profitable than those sold later. In regard to dates for doing work there was no better way than to get them from your neighbors. He intended to plant his first early peas during the first five days in April. He uses manure in the rows, filling the furrows practically full before planting. He covers very little, just out of sight. He uses Alaska for the first crop. He planted sweet corn from the seventh to the fifteenth of April, planting it on the level and covering but little. If this is frosted the latter part of April it will be earUer than the later plantings. He uses Red Cory for first planting. He sometimes plants some in pots about April fifteenth and it should be earlier than that planted in the field. He has started beans in five-inch pots and has set them out when in blossom with good results. When you are using twenty-five cords of manure per acre he thought it best to plow it under about six inches and then plow the land once or twice more, deep- er than the first plowings, thus thoroughly incorporating the soil and manure. Early seeding should be very shallow and if there are hard rains it is well to break the crust between the rows before seed germinates. Sown lettuce for early crop should be thinned to about ten inches; later needs more room. Early beets should be thinned to from four to six inches apart but later ones may be left quite thick and thinned out by pulling the larger ones for sale. In preparing land for all small seed he raked the land at the last plowing. He sets early lettuce 10 x 12 or 8 x 14 inches. He uses Nitrate of Soda before setting the plants. For the first early beets he sows the seed in the hot bed about February 15 and as the plants get well started gives them plenty of air. When first set in the field they do not want much water but after they are well started they respond to liberal watering. He liked to sow his cabbage seed in the greenhouse and transplant into the hotbed. He thought one of the chief causes of seedlings burning oflf was because they were planted too deep. He planted beets as late as August 1, and carrots up to July 20. Trenching was advocated for small gardens. They trenched their green- houses once every year about two feet deep. He thought sweet corn one of the best vegetables for the home garden, and it was possible to have a continuous supply by planting often up to the first of July. Seeds Bewitched By Herbert W. Faulkner, Ph.B., M.E., of Washixgtox, Coxn. January- 24, 1918 Mr. Faulkner in epitomizing his book The Mysteries of the Flowers (New York, Stokes, 1917, 230 p.) showed a chart depicting cross-fertihzation of flowers by bees. The various methods for procuring cross-fertilization are as follows: Staminate and pistillate flowers (dioecious and monoecious). Prepot€nce of foreign pollen over that of home production. Position of stamen and pistil, including dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Stamens and pistils developing at different times, called " dichogamous. " Various mechanical devices which aid cross-fertilization and preclude self- fertilization. All flowers are not always and invariably cross-fertilized. Many of them at times are self-fertilized. The rule is that no flower can live upon seK-fertihza- tion alone, but must occasionally have its pollen crossed with that of another flower of the same species. Probabh- the first perfect flowers were entirely self-fertilized, but as the struggle for existence became more and more fierce they devised means that should better fit their race to conquer. In seed-making the attracting of insect-\isitors is a serious business. In seed-sowing plants indulge in swimming, di\-ing, motoring, flpng, shooting, and travelling. A few interesting plants were explained to illustrate these qualities. The Indian pipe is of the "pepper box" species, with the peculiarity that its corolla is turned modestly downward while in bloom, yet the dry seedpod is turned straight up into the air. This is to insure a shaking out of the seeds in small quantities by the breezes instead of a sudden and immediate discharge. This change from a drooping white flower to an erect brown seed pod so dis- guises the Indian pipe that we are sometimes misled into imagining we have found a new species altogether. Tumble weeds on maturing dry up and break loose from their roots. They then travel over the groimd, like automobiles, driven by the vnnd, scattering their seeds along their paths. The tumbleweed Amarantus graecizans of the Middle West is the best known of these plants. The action of a field of these weeds scurrj-ing in one direction, lodging under the windward side of a fence, then suddenl}' leaping the barrier like a flock of scared sheep following a leader, is a fantastic sight. Queen Anne's lace, or wild carrot, converts its dried flowerhead in a kind of tumble weed. As the seeds ripen the flower-cluster originally a beautiful flat cyme, curls inward, resembling a bird's nest full of seeds. Sometimes it closes tightly into a ball, gradually breaking from the parent stem, and in winter goes rolling and gliding over the snow. Thus the seeds are shaken out and distributed over field sand pastures. 1918] SEEDS BEWITCHED 27 Airship seeds are represented by the dandelion. These little feathery seeds are swept away by the wind in a frolicsome manner and scattered over a whole country. Most of these very light seeds grow upon herbs near the ground. Maple seeds, built like biplanes with their large sails, are air gUders. They float down from the tree, twirUng as they slowly fall. The lightest breeze can carry them along distance before they reach the ground. Similar seed sowing is practiced by the ash and birch. Wild rice is an interesting example of water seeds that dive instead of swimming. Each seed is like a rocket, with pointed head and long stick, evidently arranged to strike the water point downward. As wild rice weed, once dried will no longer germinate, these precautions are to insure the plant- ing of the seeds under water. The Cardinal flower supplies its pollen in small installments by the piston- and-cylinder scheme. The stamens unite into a tube around the undeveloped pistU, shedding and retaining their pollen within. Then the stigma grows, elongating its style, and shoving forward its curious star-shaped stigma, which acting like a piston in a cylinder, gradually pushes before it the charge of pollen. It emerges through a small opening at the outer end of the stamens, a little at a time. When all the pollen has gone the stigma comes out, becomes adhesive and ready for the touch of pollen from another flower. Tramp seeds or those of the burr and tick nature which cling to clothing, hair of cattle, and wool of sheep are represented by the burdock, beggarticks, and MartvTiia. The Martynia, or unicornplant, producing perhaps the largest of any of these clinging seed-vessels, is the most curious in appearance. These consist of a receptacle which terminates in a pair of hard, strong, curved, black horns. The curved points catch upon passing beings and the seeds are shaken out through an opening at the base, where the horns spUt apart. The plant grows in Indiana and through the West to northern Mexico, but is cultivated and naturahzed northward. The seeds or berries of the mistletoe are dispersed by birds. They are ex- tremely gummy and attach to the bird's beak till they are wiped off upon some branch where they chng and grow. In the case of the Nightshade we find ingrowing anthers which form a close pollen chamber opening into small pores or chinks at the apex. This pollen chamber is an air-bag intended to blow out the pollen when compressed by some clasping insect. The stigmas protrude and are fertilized, then the pollen ripens in the Uttle balloon and remains there till some insect lights upon it, hugs it for support, and hence fires the charge of poUen, some of it adhering to its abdomen. Mountain Laurel throws out its pollen in an explosive manner. Its anthers are twin meal bags full of poUen mounted upon long spring-like filaments forming catapults. Each corolla is pro\'ided with a ring of twelve small pockets that hold the anthers and keep the filaments curved back in a state of tension around the central pistil. Thus the flower blooms. Its long pro- truding pistil receives the first touch of an approaching moth before the stamen are disarranged. A Uttle touch deranges the equihbrium and one or several anthers are released from the pockets. They fly up with a quick snap and the 28 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 pollen is thrown up forcibly against the moth's body, clinging to his woolly covering. If the moth brings pollen from another flower he is hkely to leave some on the stigma, his body at the moment of the explosion acting as a bul- wark to protect the pistil from the discharge of the numerous little catapults he has set in action. An interesting example of poisonous fruits is furnished by Jack-in-the- Pulpit which is poisonous to birds, if not to men, and should never be risked. It dwells in moist places and wishes its seeds to be scattered in swamps and near riverbanks. The apparent secret of the poisonous large berries is that they attract birds who are made thirsty by the poison, seek the waterside for drink, and perhaps die there planting the seeds in a favorable location. A theory for poisonous fruits is that the poison kills birds and small animals in order that the seeds shall grow in a soil enriched by the decayed carcass. A closed corolla for the purpose of balking unwelcome guests is found in the snapdragon accessible only to the bee. The Touch-Me-Not is protected completely from its own pollen as the stamens grow directly upon the pistil. The stamens form an odd group which resembles a molar tooth with five prongs. These prongs hold fast till all the pollen is shed. Then the whole tooth loosens and falls away, and the exposed stigma perfects. This plant is visited by bees and humming birds. The Wild Geranium is a self-reliant plant attending to its own seed sowing. As it goes to seed the pistil develops into a long cylinder, inside of which stiff springs are found, each connected with a small seed pod at the calyx. When sufficiently ripe and dry the little springs burst out of their places and curl up suddenly thus shooting the seeds off in all directions and at a distance. The Lupin of the Bean family shoots its seeds by a sudden bm-sting and curling of the pods. The pods are composed of two layers of tissue, the outer of which, in drying, shrinks less than the inner. In this way there is a tendency to curl inward and when it becomes too great the explosion occurs. The pod opens from tip to stem, its two sides curl suddenly and the seeds are ejected by a catapult movement of a stiff spring, or springs, held in tension and suddenly released. Another way of shooting seeds is through compression. The witch hazel is an example of this method. For a whole year the little round seed vessels grow and perfect their twin charges of seed and late in October they split across and open like a mouth. Inside are two divisions each with a hard, brown lining, and a shining black seed. The mouth opens wider, the lining pinches together, and without warning the seed is flipped out. Witch hazel seeds fly as far as thirty feet. In Europe we find a member of the Gourd family called the squirting cu- cumber. The fruit resembles a bomb charged with seeds in a soft, mucila- ginous mess. In the walls of the fruit is a layer of cells under great tension pressing upon the semi-fluid contents. The stem attachment projects into the fruit like a stopper. When the fruit is ripe it separates from this stopper through the hole thus opened. The compressed contents are ejected and the seeds fired a long distance. The Culture and Sale of Apples Danforth p. Miller, Auburn, Mass. January 31, 1918 Starting an orchard. Location in regard to the market is the first thing to consider. While the soil and exposure should be good it is very desirable to be near enough to your market to get the top price. Stock, He would prefer a number one one-year-old tree if it had to be shipped but if you could go to the nursery for your trees older ones might be better. Planting. He would recommend digging large holes and planting carefully. He had not found dynamiting satisfactory. Forty x forty feet apart was not too far to set the standard varieties. Cultivation and fertilization are desirable for young trees and it might be well to inter-crop while the trees are small. It is not necessary ordinarily to use large quantities of nitrogen. Pruning. They had trouble ^v^ith deer in one of their orchards that rather overdid the pnming, but thought that the trees should be kept rather thin and stocky. Spraying. The young trees should be sprayed annually in the spring with lime and sulphur; and the foHage should be kept covered with arsenate of lead to which add nicotine sulphide to control the aphis. The fine wire protector was satisfactory for keeping off mice and rabbits. He thought a good dog the best way of keeping the woodchuck under control. Bearing trees. Pruning is of first importance. The average pruner left too many branches which caused them to ''pole out" and it had a tendency to make the tree too high. Twenty to twenty-five feet was high enough and it was desirable to keep the branches as near horizontal as possible. The color of the fruit seemed to be much influenced by the sunshine, grass culture, and fall frosts. Scraping the trees is good to remove scale, fimgus, etc. Cultivation. They liked the one-half sod and one-half cultivated. This left the trees in the grass but there was enough worked ground so the trees could continue to grow. The grass should be cut early. Fertilization. Use nitrogen sparingh-, but lime and mineral matter is essential. Spraying. For protection four or five applications are desirable. The later ones are not so expensive. 1st. Lime and sulphur when the buds start. 2nd. For red bug and canker worm when the buds show pink. 3rd. First codling moth when the petals fall. 30 WORCESTER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 4th. Second spraying for codling moth eight or ten days after the first. 5th. Summer spray for the codling moth and faU leaf eating worms. The spraying machinery should be good and there should be plenty of water handy. They were using dry lime and sulphur and arsenate of lead. Picking is one of the most important operations in fruit growing. It makes no difference how weU you grow the fruit, if you pick it carelessly it will be much damaged in appearance and in keeping quality. For this reason it should be handled very carefully at aU times. Apples are better to remain on the tree until weU colored but there is always the danger of their being blown off and badly damaged. There is no branch of farming that needs more attention than the marketing, as it makes no difference to the grower what is done with his produce if he can not get cost plus a fair profit. This branch of the business has been often left to the merchant or com- mission man, whose interests are just the opposite to the grower's. Many of those who are growing special crops are organizing and getting better returns. Just as soon as the farmers begin to make fair profits there are sure to be some ^ho consider them profiteers or worse. With the present prices that he must pay for labor, fertihzer, and materials he must get more for his produce to get by, to say nothing about making a profit. He should get profits enough so he may have the necessaries and some of the luxuries, and if he is to continue in business must be able to pay a fair wage or he cannot get help. The majority of the farmers do not know what their produce costs them and only a few, comparatively speaking, make the price on their goods. A great deal of the produce coming in to Worcester is left with the com- mission men and it would seem that their chief interest was the 12^ per cent commission. They can turn their money over many times a year while many of the farmers' crops require a whole year to produce. It might be well for some organization to decide on a fair minimum price. As I see it there are four things which conspire against the average farmer's handling his own produce, at a fair price. 1st. The perishable nature of many of his products, which must be sold when ripe regardless of price. A farmer should not plunge too heavily into this kind of produce. 2nd. Lack of facilities to hold produce, which can be held, and should be held so as not to glut the market. This would stabilize prices, both for the producer and the consumer. 3rd. Poor Finance. Too often the farmer needs the money, so takes what he can get rather than what he should get. 4th. The two-price system which many buyers practice. There is good average money in apples if they are well grown and sold right. About 75 per cent of the native apples sold in Worcester are neither well grown nor sold right. Over half of the local apples sold in Worcester are dirty. A fault which is easily preventable or curable. Seventy-five per cent of the 1918] FRUIT CULTURE 31 local apples sold in Worcester are bruised, another costly and preventable fault. This causes them to look bad and to decay. Dirty, bruised, and half- rotten apples do not appeal to the housewife and she will not pay good money for them. If growers would grade apples half as carefully as they do their potatoes, they could feed the poor ones to the pigs and still have a better balance on the right side of the ledger. Fall and early winter varieties sell well in this market, and the supply is never equal to the demand, but the quality is usually poor. Winter apples should never be dumped on the market, when picked. An inexpensive storage plant will allow you to keep them until they are ready to sell when they should bring a fair price. The farmer must get more for his produce if he is to continue to increase his output. He cannot run his place and double the output without increasing the cost of production. He thought that the American farmer would raise larger crops this year and should not only have cost but a fair profit. The Industrial Side of California — Illustrated Mr. James W. Erwin, New York February 7, 1918 Mr. Erwin first showed to his audience some fine slides representing poultry- interests in California. Poultry raising is carried on to a vast extent and has an enormous productive value. This industry is increasing in the state by rapid strides. The pictures of the White Leghorns were especially good. The bee and its activities in some of the great apiaries of the state were flashed upon the screen. California is one of the leading states in the produc- tion of honey. Attention was called to the importance of dairying of a lucrative type. California has made great progress in this branch of agricultural science. Great seed farms are scattered over the state that produce annually tons of the finest seeds for use everywhere. Among these are lettuce, sweet pea, and onion seed. These seed farms sell their product by the ton to dealers who retail it by the ounce. Date culture, the rice industry, the cultivation of celery, and the growth of cotton were described in detail. Attempts at upland rice culture have not yet been a commercial success as rice is an aquatic plant and hence depends upon saturated soil. The Yuma district of the lower Colorado basin in California, because of the great similarity of climate, produces cotton that is quite the equal of that of Egypt. California has the eighth and last peach belt in America, with peach orchards of great extent. Owing to the splendid method of picking, packing, and shipping, California peaches are sent to all the large eastern cities and even at times to London. Millions of pounds of the fruit are then dried or canned as it is impossible for the growers to pay the transportation cost of the fruit beyond a certain limit. This state leads all others in canning, due to climate and the great distance from eastern markets which makes shipping of raw fruit a problem. It supplies nearly all the canned apricots in our market, and many canned peaches, cherries, and other fruits, except apples and berries. The dried fruit industry has very recently come to southern California and is developing with surprising rapidity, now supplying nearly all of home demand. Dried prunes, raisins and apricots are now exports of several million dollars per year. European grapes thrive in California where they aregrown on two hundred and fifty thousand acres of land. This deep soil gives a greater yield per acre than that of any other region in the world. For many years salmon canning has been an important industry in Cali- fornia. The Chinese figure largely in this work. There are enormous catches of salmon, giant sardines and tunafish, the last being only recently considered edible. 1918] THE INDUSTRIAL SIDE OF CALIFORNIA 33 The culture of olives and the production of olive oil are important, as is also the growing of walnuts, in which California ranks second only to France. The standard of sheep raising has changed gradually until today sheep are raised primarily for mutton, and wool is a by-product. For the decade 1899- 1908 the average annual number of sheep, in thousands, was 2,290; of swine, 497. Salt has been made in California since the discovery of gold in 1849. The long, dry season is an advantage as the vats need not be covered; and the wind constantly favors evaporation, without carrying any dust along with it to the salt. In compensation for lack of coal, California has become a large producer of petroleum. The recent large production resulted in several pipe lines from the wells to the Pacific coast. The accompaniment of the pipe line is the tank steamer, holding hundreds of thousands of gallons and loaded by merely letting the liquid flow in from the pipes. The national forests of California alone cover 43,000 square miles. The even climate, good rainfall, freedom from windstorms and dry summer permit the trees of the Pacific forests to grow for ages and attain great size, as is shown by the well-known big trees of CaUfomia. Commercially more im- portant than these giant forests are the large areas of redwood, Oregon pine or Douglas fir trees. The lumber industry has progressed with improved methods and labor-saving machinery. Many fine lantern slides and reels of motion pictures were shown throughout the lecture. Mr. Erwin concluded with a glowing tribute to the genius of the plant wizard, Luther Burbank. Growing and Exhibiting Flowers Allen J. Jenkins, Shrewsbury, Mass. February U, 1918 The topic that has been assigned to me is rather a difficult one as the ex- hibitions of different societies var\^ greatly. But under the circumstances I shall try to confine myself to a few remarks that may possibly benefit others. The spring exhibition, which is held in March, naturally is only within the reach of persons owning greenhouses. It is necessary for them to look weU ahead to sow such seeds as Primulas, Cineraria, etc., the preceding June and July; to propagate by cutting Antirrhinum; and to start bulbs of LiUum Harrisi and L. Formosum, etc., in August, also bulbs of Hyacinth, Tulip, and Narcissus in September and October. For the May Exhibition the same things are to be considered and provided for by a Uttle later sowing and planting. Pansies are got ver\' fine for this time by sowing in August, gi"vang a Uttle shade and plenty of water, transplanting in September to beds raised six inches; and a very Ught covering with forest leaves or other suitable cover is verj' beneficial. It would take altogether too long to talk of all the good things among the perennials that show up fine at the exhibition if given a little extra care, but a few that might be mentioned are such as Campanulas Media, Persicifola, DigitaUs, Aquilegias, Delphi nims and Hollyhocks that fine results can be ob- tained from by the same treatment as prescribed for Pansies. (Sow seeds in June.) My advice in sowing any of these fine seeds is first, to thoroughly prepare your seed bed by digging it as deep as possible and incorporating any kind of humus or fertihzer you think best, after a good raking over; next if the soil is dry, now is the time to give it a good soaking and let it stand for a few hours to warm up a little. Sow your seeds preferably in rows, as they are easier to keep clear of weeds. Most of these seeds need but very little covering. A little pressure into the soil with a piece of board is often safer than trjdng to cover with soil. Any new planting of LiHes, or transplanting such as L. Candidum and L. Auratum L. Speciosum, etc., should be done if possible in the spring in good, well-drained rich soil. Do not cover or let them come in direct contact with any kind of stable manure. For the different Iris, division and transplanting should be done if possible in August or September. The German Iris should never be planted deep. The Rhizome or crown should be kept as near the surface as possible in good, rich loam and in a good sunny position. Ground bone is the safest and best fertilizer for them. The Japanese Iris wiU stand later planting and a moist position, but are also benefited by a good, rich soil and an application of ground bone in the Spring. Marketing Perishable Products Howard W. Selby, Springfield, Mass. February 21, 1918 Mr. Selby said that he had not been in Massachusetts very long but had spent much time during the last few years studying this subject of the market- ing of perishable products. During this time he visited more than forty of the states of the Union, He found that the farther perishable produce had to be shipped the better it must be handled. Several years ago there was a large loss on oranges and lemons from California, due to lack of co-operation in packing and shipping. This loss was so great that the growers were forced to adopt better methods. Now the fruit is handled very carefullj'-, packed by expert packers, and shipped so as to reach the eastern markets with the least possible delay. Consequently the losses have been greatly reduced. A like system was forced on those growing all varieties of perishable products that were to be shipped long distances. It was not the condition the product was in when harvested, but the condition in which it would reach the consumer that must be considered. This made it necessary to have the best possible package. By having solid cars of one kind of fruit or vegetable the produce could be handled to the best advantage. It became not only profitable but almost necessary to have co-operative associations. These associations of various sizes were to be found in most sec- tions where produce was to be shipped long distances. He found fewer in New England than elsewhere, in fact, we have not a sufficient number here. These associations have made it possible to sell the produce directly to the large dealers or wholesalers rather than consigning which was the common way before the associations were formed. Where there is a large quantity of perishables to be sold the auction is the most satisfactory method. It is hoped that savings may be made not only in the seUing of produce but also in the purchasing of grain and fertilizers. 1918] GROWING AND EXHIBITING FLOWERS 35 Sweet Peas for exhibition can be grown best if the grower is fortunate enough to have a greenhouse. He should sow the seeds any time between October and February, keep them very cool, get them out into a frame as soon as possible, and plant them out as soon as the ground is fit to work in the spring. Or, failing a greenhouse, I would sow the seed as early as possible in the spring in ground prepared the previous fall. Then cut the plants to six inches apart, and, as soon as growth commences well give lots of water. I have found the best twelve varieties to be Constance Hinton, Asta Ohn, R. F. Felton, Fiery Cross, Scarlet Emperor, King Manoel, Blue Jacket, Royal Purple, Elfrida Pearson, Hercules, Mrs. Cuthbertson, and Dobbies Cream. Another very fine thing for exhibitions are the Gladioli. Too few people realize how much better they will do if put in good rich soil and freely watered. I have found that I can have these in flower from early in July (by starting some bulbs in a frame or elsewhere) until severe frost. Some very fine varieties for exhibitions are America, Panama, Pendleton, Schawben, Niagara, Europa, Pink Perfection, Halley, Orange Glory, White Glory, Alice Tiplady, Sulphur King, Mrs. F. King, Baron Hulot. For getting extra good heads of Phlox, Decustata, I have found it a good policy to root a lot of cuttings m the spring as soon as the plants start, and grow them up to single stems. The same thing can be done very well with Dahlias. I have also found it a good plan in growing some things like Verbenas and Phlox Drummondi, to plant them quite thick, about four inches apart each way, and they will grow quite tall and straight instead of forming a branching out plant. It is quite essential to make at least two sowings and better to make three of such things as Asters, Scabiosa, Salpiglossis, Calendulas, etc. Early, medium, and as late as July first. I might say a good deal more on this subject, but I fear many of the things that I might say about Hybrid and Tea Roses, Paponias, Sweet Williams, and many other things too numerous to mention may be superfluous. The few things that I would emphasize are to do ail that is possible in the fall on your land, get a good early start in the spring, good rich soil, and plenty of water. All exhibitors are asked to read carefully the Rules and Regulations, as some changes have been made by the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worce^er County Horticultural Society For the year 1918 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OP THE WORCESTER CODNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1918 president: CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester. vice-presidents: LEONARD C, MIDGLEY, of Westboro; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton ALFRED H. KNIGHT, of Shrewsbxiry. secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. trustees: Joseph A. Allen, Harding Allen, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, William McAllister, Edward W. Breed, Herbert A. Cook, Benn M. Chamberlain, Charles W. Wood, William Anderson, Fred L. Chamberlain, Harry W. Goddard, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Allyne W. Hixon, Auburn Barre Leicester Leominster Millbury Whitinsville Chnton Shrewsbury Holden Shrewsbury S. Lancaster Worcester Mrs. Homer Gage, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Walter D. Ross, Fred H. Chamberlain, Henrj' H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Louis J. Kendall, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George C. Rice, Howard E. Sumner, WilUam J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Simon E. Fisher, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES. ON FINANCE: Myron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1918. ON library and publications: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. on nomenclature: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice, ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, H. Ward Moore, Simon E. Fisher, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Leonard C. Midgley. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, Arthur E. Hartshorn. President, Charles Greenwood, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney, Benjamin C. Jaques, AUDITORS. H. Ward Moore, JUDGES. Arthur H. Bellows. Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Alfred H. Green, Worcester, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood, Worcester. Albert H. Lange, Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, President, Charles Greenwood, MEDAL COMMITTEE Herbert A. Cook, ON WINTER MEETINGS Mryron F. Converse Secretary^ Lieonard C. Midgley. Walter D. Ross, Herbert R. Kinney. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worce^er County Horticultural Society For the year 1918 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS A. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. B. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. C. All articles offered for premium must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per- mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. D. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. E. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. F. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. G. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. RULES AND REGULATIONS. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the dsLjs of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 6 o'clock. 2. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have Liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 4. Xo cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 5. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 6. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think werQ without deliberate purpose. 7. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 8. All articles offered for premium must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown hy himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 9. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 1918] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 3 11. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 12. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. 8@"The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 13. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 14. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 15. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 16. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 17. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Scale of Points. CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FLOWERS Arrangement, Quality of blooms, Number of varieties, Properly named, 30 points 25 25 " 20 " 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [l918 LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, 30 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 25 Arrangement, 25 " Properly named, 20 DISPLAYS AND COLLECTIONS.— Arrangement, 40 " Quality, 40 " Variety, 20 FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1918 8^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 6. 6. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE ELEVEN BLOO]\IS : Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples : Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Several flowers on a single erect stem. Examples: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards. Notice of which will be taken by the judges in award- ing THE premiums. . 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the Judges will NOT exclude an EXHIBIT FOR MISTAKE IN NOMENCLATURE. 4. In all EXHIBITIONS OF Lilies the pollen may be re- moved. By vote of the Trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 7, open from 3 to 1 0 p. m. Friday, Mar. 8, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 CARNATIONS, 10 vases.— No. 2. Ten flowers in a vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Not to exceed 20 vases, 4.00 3.00 2.00 AZALEA INDICA, in bloom.— No. 4. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Four plants, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 7. One plant, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, in bloom.— No. 8. Six plants, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 9. Collection of Primula Plants in bloom, 5.00 3.00 2.00 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS BASKET.— No. 10. Open face, NARCISSUS.— No. 11. Not to exceed 20 vases, VIOLETS.— No. 12. 100 in Bunch, FLOWER GARDEN.— No. 13. $75.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. » RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 14. Any variety, BEET.— No. 15. Twelve specimens, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 16. Red, No. 17. Savoy, No. 18. Any other variety named, PARSLEY.— No. 19. One-half peck, CARROT.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, CELERY.— No. 21. Six specimens, LETTUCE.— No. 22. Six heads, MUSHROOM.— No. 23. Twelve specimens. 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 LOO .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 8 WORCESTER COrXTT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 24. Hubbard,, Xo. 25. Any other variety, TURNIP.— No. 26. Swede. Yellow, six speciraens, No. 27. Swede. White, six speciraens, No. 2S. White Egg. twelve specimens, RADISH.— No. 29. Two bunches, sLx in each, APPLES.— No. 30. Display not to exceed five varieties, 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 5.00 ■4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMEXS. No. 31. Baldwin. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 32. Sutton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 No. 33. Northern Spy. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 3-1. Palmer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 35. Roxbury Russet. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 36. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 16 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 37. Not to exceed 20 vases, 83.00 2.50 2.00 No. 38. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 39. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. No. 40. Display not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 41. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower with foUage in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 42. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.- No. 43. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, glassware and cutlery required, no restric- tions, 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 44. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 45. Display of Carnations, Silver Medal 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 DANDELION.-- No. 46. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 47. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSNIP.— No. 48. Hollow Crown, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 49. Other varieties, 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 50. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 51. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 52. Linnaeus, • 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 53. Two bunches, twelve specimens each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 54. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 13 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 55. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, S3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 56. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, not to exceed forty vases. — No. 57. No duplicates, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 58. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 IRIS, GERMAN. No. 59. Not to exceed ten vases, . 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 60. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 PiEONIA.— No. 61. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGONIAS, IN BLOOM.— No. 62. Four eight inch pots or pans, 3.00 2.00 1.00 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 63. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS.— No. 64. Two bunches, twelve speci- mens each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 65. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 66. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks No. 67. Monarch, No. 68. Victoria, BEET.— No. 69. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 I 1 Thursday, June 20 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 70. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BASKET.— No. 71. Open face, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 72. No restrictions as to ar- rangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ROSES.— No. 73. Hybrid Perpetual, not to ex- ceed 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 74. Hybrid Tea, not to exceed 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 75. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY.— No. 76. May Duke, one quart, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 77. Glen Mary, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 78. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 79. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 80. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET.— No. 81. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 1 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 SPINACH.— No. 82. One-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 83. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 84. Any variety named, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 85. Two bunches, six each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 27 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 86. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 87. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 88. Collection of cut roses, Silver Medal. No. 89. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 90. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (cantekbury bells).— No. 91. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PiEONIA.— No. 92. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 HYDRANGEA.— No. 93. One plant in bloom, 2.00 1.50 1.00 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 94. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 95. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 96. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 97. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 98. Barrymore, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 99. Meteor, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 100. Collection not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 101. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varie- ties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 102. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 103. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for pHzes. PEA.— No. 107. Gradus, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Thomas Laxton, one-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 17 CUCUMBERS.— No. 109. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 110. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 111. Covering 16 square feet. $10.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 11 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 112. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 113. Not to exceed 20 vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 114. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 115. Not to exceed 40 vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 116. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 117. Best display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE quart. — No. 118. Black Eagle, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 119. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19 No. 120. Montmorency, 1.50 1.00 No. 121. Best display, five dollars may be used. No. 122. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 123. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 124. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 No. 125. Perfection, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 126. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 No. 127. Versaillaise, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 128. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 129. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 130. Two bunches, six in each, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 131. Wax, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 132. Green Pod, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA.— No. 133. Admiral Dewey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 134. Telephone, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 135. Varieties not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 136. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 18 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 137. One vase, not to exceed 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 138. Not to exceed 10 vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 139. Collection of Sweet Peas, Silver ^ledal No. 140. Table decoration of Sweet Peas, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary' two days in advance. RASPBERRY.— No. 141. Cuthbert, one quart, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 142. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. Varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. . GOOSEBERRY — No. 144. One quart, any named va- riety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, ANY VARIETY.— No. 145. Twenty-four bunches, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 146. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens. — No. 147. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, twelve specimens. — No. 148. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 25 CUT FLOWERS,, distinct vakieties.— No. 149. Not to exceed 20 vases. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 150. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. SWEET PEAS.— No. 151. Open faced basket, . 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 152. Not to exceed 10 vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 153. 20 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, tuberous rooted. — No. 154. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE specimens. — No. 155. Sweet Bough, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR.— No. 156. Any variety named, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 157. Early Harvest, CORN, twelve ears. — No. 158. Sweet, any variety named 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 159. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 160. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 161. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 162. Display of vegetables, covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. ■ ! Thursday, August 1 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 163. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ANTIRRHINUMS, snap dragon.— No. 164. Twenty vases, not to exceed five branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 165. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 166. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 167. Yellow Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH.— No. 168. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart-- No. 169. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 170. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 171. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 25 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS- No. 172. Hebron, No. 173. Irish Cobbler, No. 174. Rose, No. 175. Varieties not scheduled, LETTUCE.— No. 176. Twelve heads, CORN.— No. 177. Twelve ears, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 8 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 178. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 179. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 180. Twenty vases^ one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 181. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. T^o. 182. Twelve vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA (named).— No. 183. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 APPLE. TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 184. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 185. Oldenburg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 186. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 187. Alexander, 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 188. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 189. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 190. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 191. Not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 192. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 15 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 193. One large vase, no restric- tions as to arrangement, S3. 00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 194. Comet, 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 195. Pompon, 20 vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 196. Any other variety, 20 vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 197. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 ZINNIA.— No. 198. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 199. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 200. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 201. Golden Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 202. Clapp's Favorite, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 203. Waddell, 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 204. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 205. Pole, any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 206. Any named variety, ' 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, CROSBY. — No. 207. Twelve ears, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 208. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 209. Any variety named (except- ing summer varieties), three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 210. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 22 ASTERS.— No. 211. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 85.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PEREXXIAL. No. 212. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 213. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 214. Collection of Gladioli, Silver Medal WILD FLOWERS.— No. 215. Not to exceed 40 vases, no du- plicates, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 216. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 217. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CRAB APPLES, varieties not scheduled. — No. 218. Twenty-four specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 219. Assomption, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 220. Petite :\Iarguerite, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 221. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 222. Tvson, 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Carman, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 224. Cooledge, 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 225. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 226. Shell, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 227. String, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 228. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 229. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 230. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Thursday, August 29 DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— Xo. 23 L Xot to exceed 30 square feet, S5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretaiy two days in advance. LILIES.— No. 232. Display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CANNA.— No. 233. Not to exceed 20 vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. No. 234. Vase of 20 blooms, 3.00 2.00 LOO .50 GLADIOLUS.- No. 235. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 236. Wnhams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 237. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 238. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 239. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 240. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 241. Moore's Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. Bradshaw, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 243. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 .50 INU. ^1^^. VV d-felllllglUll, 1 ^0 1 .oyj 1 on .OKJ No. 245. Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 246. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 247. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES. — No. 248. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DWARE LIMA BEANS.— No. 249. Any variety. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 V>'V_/XVl> , oWilJ-Ilil. No. 250. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 251. Squash, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 252. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 253. Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 254. Display covering 16 square feet, S15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 5 CUT FLOWERS, distinct vaeieties.— No. 255. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 256. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 257. 20 vases, one spike in each. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 258. Not to exceed 20 vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, perennial. — No. 259. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— No. 260. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE specimens. — No. 261. Foundling, ' 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. Holden or Fall Orange 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 263. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, twelve specimens. — No. 264. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, twelve specimens. — No. 266. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 267. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35 No. 268. For Japanese, varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 269. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 270. Crawford (early), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 271. Other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CABBAGE, ANY NAMED VARIETY. No. 272. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (named). — No. 273. Six specimens, any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, HALF-PECK. No. 274. Large Lima, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES.— No. 275. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 12 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 276. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 277. No restrictions as to shape, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 278. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 279. Not to exceed 20 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 POMPON. No. 280. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three sprays each, 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. No. 281. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 282. Gravenstein, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 283. Maiden's blush, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 284. Porter, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 285. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Worcester County Trust Company Worcester Office WORCESTER, MASS DEPOSITED TO THE CREDIT OF J9 In receiving items for deposit or collection, this Bank acts only as depositor s collecting agent and assumes no responsibility beyond the exercise of due care. All items are credited subject to final, payment in cash or solvent credits. This Bank will not be liable for default or negligence of its duly selected correspondents nor for losses m transit, and each correspondent so selected shall not be liable except for its own negligence. This Bank or its correspondents may send items, directly or indirectly, to any bank including the payor, and accept its draft or credit as conditional payment in lieu of cash; it may charge back any item at any time before final payment, whether returned or not, also any item drawn on this Bank not good at close of business on day deposited, also any item drawn on this office not good at close of business on day deposited and or any item deposited in this office drawn on any other office of this hank not good at close of business on the day such item is received at such other office. BILL$ DOLLARS CEKTS COIN CHECKS ON- Bank Numbers Rease write number of bank beside each check SEE THAT ALL CHECKS AND DRAFTS ARE ENDORSED 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 37 APPLE, CRAB .— No. 286. Hyslop, 24 specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 287. Bartlett, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 288. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 289. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 290. Elberta, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 291. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 292. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 293. Coe's Golden Drop, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 294. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 295. Green Mountain, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 296. Moore's, 1.50 1.00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. * No. 297. Green Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 298. Yellow Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 299. Water, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 300. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 EGG PLANT.— No. 301. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 302. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. I I Thursday, September 19 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 303. Not to exceed 20 vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 304. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 305. Not to exceed 20 vases, not to exceed three flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 306. Not to exceed 50 vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA, SEEDLINGS. — No. 307. One vase, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 308. American Beauty or Sterling, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 309. Mother, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 310. Twenty-ounce, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 311. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. Urbaniste, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 313. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars msLj be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 314. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Satsuma, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 316. Pond's Seedling, 1.50 1.00 .50 J 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 317. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, three specimens. — No. 318. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 319. Golden Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 320. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 321. Paris Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. Other varieties, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 323. Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 324. Savoy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 325. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 326. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 26 This Exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p..m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 327. Not to exceed 20 vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 COSMOS.— No. 328. Displaj^ one large vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELOSIA.— No. 329. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 330. Hubbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 331. Pewaukee, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 332. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 333. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 334. Superfin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 335. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 336. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 337. Crawford (late), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 338. Stump the World, 1.50 1.00 .50 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 339. Brighton, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 340. Campbell, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 341. Lindley, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Massasoit, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 343. Worden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 344. Concord, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 345. Delaware, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 346. Niagara, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 347. Pocklington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 348. Moore's Diamond, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 349. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 350. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 351. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 352. Not to exceed 16 square feet, 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 353. Collection not to exceed 25 vari- eties, arrangement to be con- sidered, 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Annual Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 10 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. No. 354. Cut flowers in any form, $30.00 may be awarded in prizes. CHRYSANTHEMUM.— No. 355. Four vases, six blooms each, in 5.00 4.00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD BOX. No. 356. Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 357. Any variety, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE , TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 358. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 359. Bellflower, 2.00 L50 1.00 .50 No. 360. Sutton Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 36L Tompkins King, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 No. 362. Fallawater, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 363. Peck's, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 364. Pound Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 365. R. I. Greening, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 366. Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 367. Northern Spy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 368. Palmer, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 369. Roxbury Russet, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 370. Canada Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 371. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 372. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 373. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS.- No. 374. Angouleme, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 375. Clairgeau, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 376. Dana's Hovey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 377. Langelier, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 378. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 379. Winter Nelis, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 380. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 381. Cornice, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 382. Onondaga, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 383. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 384. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 385. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 386. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 45 No. 387. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 388. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 389. Champion, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 390. Half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 391. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 392. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CEI;ERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 393. Giant Pascal, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 394. Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ENDIVE.— No. 396. Six specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 397. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No 398. Red Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 399. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 400. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 401. Hollow Crown, 2.00^1.50 1.00 .05 No. 402. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 i 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 PARSLEY.— No. 403. Half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 PUMPKIN.— No. 404. Sweet, three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SALSIFY.— No. 405. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 406. Hubbard, - 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 407. Bay State, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 408. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 409. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 410. White Egg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 411. White Swede, six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 412. Yellow Swede, six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN.— No. 413. Field Corn, of 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 7, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 8, open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 414. Twelve blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases. No. 415. Six blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, No. 416. Best bloom, No. 417. Collection of large blooms, long stems, arranged in vases covering a circular table 7 ft. in diameter, 25. No. 418. Pompons, display in vases. No. 419. Single varieties, display in vases, No. 420. Potted plants grown in 10 in. pots, 6 best, S8.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 .50 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1918 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS.— No. 421. $30.00 27.50 25.00 20.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, Nov. 1. No. 422. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $40.00 may be used for prizes. No. 423. For best table decora- tions, laid for four covers (no restrictions), 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT. Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 424. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibi- tors may elect, $10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 425. Fancy Basket of Apples, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 426. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. WILLIAM FAMES FUND. A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, $2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 49 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 4, 1918. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1918. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 24th, and Saturday, September 21, 1918 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Mass. THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS Printers I I ( Saturday, August 24 open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS GROWN FROM SEED.— No. L Not to exceed fifteen vases, $2.50 2.00 L75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 6. Not to exceed 12 varieties, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 BEETS.— No. 7. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 8. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 9. Two quarts, - .75 .50 .25 .25 POTATOES.— No. 10. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 11. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 12. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 carrots- No. 13. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1918 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 14. Not to exceed 15 vases, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 15. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ANNUAL GAILLARDIA.— No. 16. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 GLADIOLUS.— No. 17. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BALSAM.— No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 19. Not over 15 vari- eties, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 beets- No. 21. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 22. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 23. Two quarts, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 24. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 25. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 21 For Children under 14 For children under 14. No. 26. Display of flow- ers, 82.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 CHINA PINKS.— No. 27. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .2p .25 CALENDULA.— No. 28. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CENTAUREA IIMPERALIS.— No. 29. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 30. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ANNUAL LUPIN.— No. 31. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 MARIGOLDS.— . No. 32. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 33. Not to exceed 12 varieties, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 34. Two quarts in pods, .75 .50 .25 .25 BEETS.— No. 35. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 36. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 37. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 38. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 39. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 40. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .15 56 VrORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTrRAL SOCIETY. [1918 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— Xo. 41. Xot to exceed 15 vases, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 PETUXIAS.— Xo. 42. X'ot to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELOSIA.— X'o. 43. X'ot to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZIXXIAS.— Xo. 44. X'ot to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 AXXUAL LARKSPUR.— Xo. 45. Xot to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— Xo. 46. Xot to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— X'o. 47. X'ot to exceed 15 varieties, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— Xo. 48. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— X'o. 49. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— X'o. 50 Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORX.— Xo. 51. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— Xo. 52. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CABBAGE.— X'o. 53. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WIXTER SQUASH.— Xo. 54. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— Xo. 55. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEAXS.— Xo. 56. Two quarts in the pod. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1918] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 57 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County, under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticul- tural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library My Growing Garden, by Horace McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. Hamblin. Commercial Gardening, 4 Vols., by John Weathers. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, b}^ A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by M. G. Kains. American Gardens, b}^ Guy Lowell. The Book of The Peony, by Mrs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, by H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. Meech. Trees, by William Solotaroff. Vegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, by John J. Thomas. Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Fertilizers, by John F. Voorhees. Soil Fertility, by Alfred Vivian. The American Flower Garden, by Neltye Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. W. Meyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Garden, by W. P. Wright. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, by W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. Market Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage, Cauliflower and Allied Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. M. Hexamer. Mellon Cultuie, by James Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by W. B. Terry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushroom Growing, by B. M. Duggar. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Old Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raymond Unwin. The Livable Garden, by Ruth Dean. i EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1918 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Children's Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition 1 Thursday, March 7, 3 to 10 p. m. ( Friday, March 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 16, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 27, 3 to 9 p. m. Saturday, August 24 and September 21 Thursday, September 26, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 10, 3 to 9 p. m. r Thursday, November 7, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m Regular weekly exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday afternoons, open to the public from 3 to 6 p.m.: June 13, 20; July 11, 18, 25; August 1, 8, 15, 22, 29; September 5, 12, 19. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble Albert H. Lange H. Ward Moore Leonard C. Midgley Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William J. Wheeler Lucy M. Coulson Arthur E. Hartshorn President, Charles Greenwood Secretary J Herbert R. Kinney ransactions of tke Worcester County orticultural Society Reports of tlie Officers and Lectures For tke Year Ending December 1, 1919 Worcester, Mass. THE DAVIS PRESS 25 Foster Street 1921 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1919 President: CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester. VICE-PKE8IDENT8 : LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Westboro; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton ALFR'ED H. KNIGHT, of Shrewsbury secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester. Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. trustees Joseph A. Allen Harding Allen, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, William McAllister, Edward W. Breed, Herbert A. Cook, Benn M. Chamberlain, Charles W. Wood, William Anderson, Fred L. Chamberlain, Harry W. Goddard, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Allyne W. Hixon, Auburn Barre Leicester Leominster Millbury Whitinsville Clinton Shrewsbury Holden Shrewsbury S. Lancaster Worcester Mrs. Homer Gage, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Walter D. Ross Fred H. Chamberlain, Henry H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Louis J. Kendall, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George C. Rice, Howard E. Sumner, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Simon E. Fisher, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES ON finance: Msrron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1921 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, ON nomenclature: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney George Calvin Rice ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble, H. Ward Moore, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, President, Charles Greenwood, Simon E. Fisher Leonard C. Midgley Arthur E. Hartshorn Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney AUDITORS Benjamin C. Jaques, H. Ward Moore, Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc., Alfred H. Green, Worcester. Of Fruits, etc., Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury Of Vegetables, Charles Greenwood, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange, Charles Greenwood, Leonard C. Midgley ON WINTER MEETINGS Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, Myron F. Converse, Walter D. Rosa President, Charles Greenwood Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney NOMINATING COMMITTEE Edward W. Breed, 1919, Walter D. Ross, 1920, Albert H. Lange, 1921 G)ntents Annual Report for the Year 1919 Report of Secretary Report of Librarian Report of Treasurer Report of Finance Committee Report of Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers Report of Judge of Fruit Report of Judge of Vegetables Report of Judge of Medal Committee Report of Committee on Winter Meetings Lectures — Illustrated Lecture — Diseases of Garden Crops — Mr. Webster S. Krout, Amherst, Mass. Growing and Handling Vegetables — Mr. Addison H. Smith, West Springfield, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — The Majesty of the Mountains Prof. Charles E. Fay, Tufts College What our Foods Contain — Miss Laura R. Gifford, Amherst, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — Tree Planting in France Mr. F. R. Newbold, New York Impending Crises as Relates to Rural Life — Dr. George M. Twichell, Auburn, Maine Raspberries and Currants — Charles S. Graham, Holden, Mass. Strawberries and Blackberries — H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — The Northern Peaks of the Presidential Range — W. Gray Harris, Worcester, Mass. Annual Reunion WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For tKe Year Ending December, 1, 1919 Secretary's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The past season has been another in which labor conditions have interfered with most branches of horticulture. They have affected our exhibitions to a very considerable extent, particularly our vegetable and fruit exhibits. There has been so little reliable labor that many of our exhibitors have not had the time to give the usual attention to growing. Then, many members had good produce but could not find time to properly sort and exhibit it. The excep- tionally wet weather during the late summer and fall has damaged many crops on moist land; but, notwithstanding the unfavorable conditions, we have had some excellent specimens and exhibitions. Last year the regular exhibitions were held until 6 p. m. to give people who worked until five o'clock a chance to see the displays; but this made it late for many exhibitors out-of-town. This year we have closed at 5.30 p. m., and it has proved much more satisfactory. We have tried advertising our exhibitions more than formerly. When one considers how attractive our exhibitions are and that they are free, it hardly seems necessary to advertise them. Yet when one considers the effort spent in growing and preparing these exhibits and the amount of money expended by the society on these displays, it would seem that a little money spent in advertising would be well spent if it increases attention. Our work is not merely for the purpose of rewarding growers of fine specimens, but also to show how fine products can be produced here, and to encourage others to produce better. While our winter meetings were, as a whole, of particular interest to those actively interested in horticulture, we did not get the attendance we have had at those of a more popular nature. I still hold that we are justified in having some of the latter as many of our members are not now actively engaged in the pursuit of horticulture. Owing to the coal shortage during the winter the commercial growers did not make so many exhibits at our spring show as usual, but this was partially made up for by the extra effort of some of the amateur growers. The exhibi- tions through the season were as a whole good but many classes were not full. This was particularly noticeable in fruit and vegetables. The flowers in some instances were exceptionally fine. 1910] REPORT OF SECRETARY 5 While the amount of produce displayed at our children's exhibitions was perhaps no greater than last year's, no exhibitors during the season took more interest in their exhibition than did these children. Some of them stayed the whole afternoon studying and comparing the exhibits. The exhibit of grapes, September 25, was the best for several years. The Chrysanthemum Show, after being judged, was turned over to the Worcester committee in charge of raising funds for the Fatherless Children of France. Five hundred dollars was realized for the cause. Respectfully submitted, H. R. KINNEY, Secretary New members 1918-1919: Mr. Harvey S. Gruver Mrs. John C. MacInnes Mrs. John Tuck Mr. William C. Howe Mr. Edward Edwards Mr. Clarence Tupper Mrs. Joseph Fossel Mr. Albert E. Fay Mr. Deceased members: Mr. Samuel S. Green Miss Lydia A. Searles Mr. Francis W. Hunt Mr. George E. Stone Charles Mrs. George W. Freeman Mr. George F. E. Storey Mr. Everett L. Farnsworth Miss Cora E. Crompton Mrs. Francis H. Dewey Mr. Charles L. Allen Mr. Walter E. Wilder Mrs. Sarah R. Lawton S. Graham Mr. Brayton Nichols Mr. George I. Stowe Mr. George B. Inches Mr. Edwin U. Powers WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1918 Annual Meeting for 1919 Meeting called to order by President Charles Greenwood at 10.15 a. m. Thirty-two present. After the call for the meeting was read the following reports were read and referred to the Committee on Publication Secretary's, H. R. Kinney. Treasurer's, Burt W. Greenwood. Librarian's, Lucy M. Coulson. Finance, Myron F. Converse. Arrangement and Exhibitions, Edward W. Breed. Auditor's, Burt W. Greenwood. Medal Committee, Albert H. Lange. Winter Meetings, Committee, Joseph K. Greene. Flowers and Plants, Judge Alfred H. Green. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 Fruit, Judge Herbert A. Cook. Vegetable, Judge Charles Greenwood. On a motion by B, W. Greenwood it was voted that a sum not exceeding $6,000 be appropriated for 1919. The President appointed Messrs. Edward W. Breed, Albert H. Lange, Leonard C. Midgley, Alfred H. Knight and Alfred H. Green, a committee to represent the Society at General Edwards' reception. Mr. Edward W. Breed reported for the nominating committee. On Mr. Greene's motion the report was accepted and the secretary was instructed to cast a yea ballot for the candidates as nominated. The President declared them elected. See list of officers. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1918 Annual Meeting of the Trustees Meeting called to order at 10 a. m. by President Greenwood. Twenty-one present. After the reading of the call and report of the last meeting Mr. Albert H. Lange, moved that the printing of a new list of members and the by-laws be left with the committee on publication. For committees elected see officers and committees. On Mr. Lange's motion the Librarian's salary was increased $100, . On Mr. Midgley's motion the appropriation for flowers was increased $100. On Mr. Moore's motion a like amount was added to the fruit appropriation. Appropriations for 1919: Flowers $1300 Fruit 1100 Vegetables 650 Children's Exhibition 250 Winter Meetings 500 Publications 400 Periodicals 100 Salaries: Secretary 500 Librarian 700 Treasurer 150 Judges 150 1919] REPORT OF SECRETARY 7 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18 Annual meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions Mr. Breed presiding. It was voted to have the regular exhibitions open to the public from 3 to 5.30 p. M. The date of the Spring Exhibition was fixed for March 13 and 14. March 13, open from 3 to 10 p. m. and March 14, from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. To put all the rules under the head of General Rules and Regulations. That we add a new rule: "While the Society will take reasonable precau-- tions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. " The following scale of points for judging displays and collections were adopted: Collections : Arrangement 30 Quality 40 Variety 30 100 Displays : Arrangement 40 Quality 30 Variety 30 100 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1919 Special Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions Chairman Breed presiding. This meeting was called to consider the advisability of turning the Chrysan- themum exhibition over to some chairty similar to the one of last year. Mr. Breed read a letter from Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck speaking for the Fatherless Children of France. After general discussion Mr. Lange made a motion which was unanimously accepted, to turn the Chrysanthemum Exhibition over to the Worcester Committee for the Fatherless Children of France after it was judged. They to make such charge as they saw fit. Respectfully submitted, H. R. KINNEY, Secretary Librarian's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society.: Another year has closed and the Librarian is expected to make some state- ment in regard to the condition of the Library. It is a pleasure to report that the members as well as others have used the books and different publications furnished by the Society to a greater extent than during the previous year. Your Library Table is well supplied with the most reputable magazines on Horticulture and Agriculture. The Library Committee has purchased many new and valuable books which will appear in the list reported. For the past three years there has been printed on the back of the schedule a list of new books purchased during the year. Judging from the favorable comments that have been made in regard to it and from the number of books consulted, this has proved of real value. No binding has been done during the past year for the reason that a few copies of the magazines were missing and it was impossible to secure others. The additions to the Library during the year just closed by purchase or by gift will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture. Monthly Lists of Publications, December to November, 1919. Farmers' Bulletins, Nos. 918, 926, 959, 1024, 1025, 1028, 1077, 1075, 1080. Washington Yearbook, 1918. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, The Effect of Manganese Compounds on Soils and Plants. Studies in the Reversibility of the Colloidal Condition of Soils. An Analysis of the Costs of Growing Potatoes The Inheritance of the Weak Awn in Certain Avena Crosses and Its Relation to Other Characters of the Oat Grain. A Study of the Plant Lice Injuring the Foliage and Fruit of the Apple. The Crane-Flies of New York Part 1. Distribution and Taxonomy of the Adult Flies. Cornell Extension Bulletin: Soil Survey of Yates County, New York. Experiments in Fertilizing a Crop Rotation. Cornell Reading Course for the Farm, Lesson 138, 142, 144. Extension Bulletins, 33, 34. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 204. Revision of the North American Species of Xanthium. Thirty-first Annual Report of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulle- tins, Nos. 225. 226, 227, 229. 230. Circulars, Nos. 85. 88, 89, 90. The Third Inaugural Address of Hon. Pehr G. Holmes, 1919. Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners, 1918. Extension Service of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. 19191 REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 9 Victory Edition 1919, National War Garden Commission, WaBhington, D. C. Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Nebraska, Bulletins. Arnold Arboretum, Bulletins, 1919. Worcester Telegram Evening Post Evening Gazette Weekly Guide Worcester City Directory The Small Place, by Elsa Rehmann. Name This Flower, by Gaston Bonnier. The American Florist Company's Directory of FloriBts, Nurserymen, and Seedsmen of the United States and Canada. Color in My Garden, by Louise Beck Wilder. Sweat Pea AnAual, 1919. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 1918, Vol. XIV. The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey. The Apple, by Albert E. Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince vonPuckler Muskau. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions, by Nathaniel Lord Britton, Ph. D., Sc.D., LL.D., and Hon. Addison Brown, A.B., LL.D. Forestry in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. The Book of Rarer Vegetables, by George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Aj-nott. Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, by M. G. Kains. Backyard Garden, by Edward L. Farrington. Commercial Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose Annual 1919. Transactions of Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1918. Part 11. Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. Publications and Periodicals: Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker The Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florists' Exchange Florists Review Gardening Farm Journal National Grange Monthly Gardeners' Chronicle Park and Cemetery Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City The Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Growers Journal The Fruitman and Gardener American Forestry The Touchstone English Publications: Garden Gardening Gardeners' Chronicle Orchid Review Respectfully submitted, November 30, 1919. LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian O 05 O l> •it) o 1— < CO GO 00 OS g 05i— iOCO>-CCOCOI>0»-H 006 CO CO 0 CO Oi CO CO CO CO "^^CO^JN (M (N T-H (M CO 1— ( co" u O a; CO 0 T— I Q o 3 CO(MOOiOOOiOOcO COtOiO(Nt>t>OcOGOO I— I o CO s o l-H Eh P5 o w P O O « « O «^ 10 '-H t^_^rH o o o o o d to to .-H CO d d OiOO 05 cq^ co" o o S2 c -C O O C5 ooi> doo t>. 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La ^ ^ 53 ti ?3 3 c3 o o a G O 22 ^ 22 cc X S ^ 8 8.S o CO 00 o o o o o o CO o o o o O d <0 O 00' O (N CO CO r-l 00 (M 05 O CO 00 C^> lO o CO T-T m O lO O O 00 CO (N 00 >o ^ CO (M CO 05 00 O (N CO €^CO C o 00 TtJ d 05 oj o o CO O CO C3 O O 09 O00O(MOl>OO Ot^O00OT-iOI> d'^d'-HO(Mdio 0000050000CO 0^(M O 1-1 10 O (M w I— I H I— I s ^ — -^ T-TJ -O T3 f=! !=3 fl C 3 3 3 § -^-^ ^ ^ S S-o-S oj S§ 2« c3 C5 GTi CO O d ^ ■ 05 _ • • 6 ^ o3 jH CO o) O O 00 (M 00 O O CO ^ 00 CD o3 o3 O >^ 03 s cs CO O ^ 00 CO CO O O lO Oi TiH''crt>-"co'' 00 O i>(M I> T-H 00 T^ 10 (M i-H 00 CO 00 05 (M 10 1-1 CO f-i ^ a ^ <^ CO CO O :^ 05 CO "0 C3 CO 03 ® > > c3 c3 0^ o O u o o M >-< ^ ^ ^000 O 03 c3 ^ O I QQ i 1 Si* II .1 § O t3 o3 O O o < ►J W PQ W P w <1 I CO en ^ ^ 8 o 3 I < c CO o Report of Finance Committee To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass. Gentlemen : It takes money as well as individual effort to make the wheels of this Society produce, and it has become evident to those closely associated with our financial affairs that the growing demands upon our treasury are defeating our plans of a few years ago. Instead of annually reducing the mortgage indebtedness of this Society, an annual deficit has necessitated the Treasurer to withdraw invested funds from the Savings Banks. The Trustees, when making annual appropriations, should first carefully estimate the probable income of the Society, make provisions for a substantial reduction of the mortgage, and then regulate their expenses so that financial success may accompany the other accomplishments of our labors. The general condition of our real estate is most satisfactory, although there are matters in connection with its care which require frequent attention. The plumbing in the basement of the building, and elsewhere about the premises will soon require alterations, which involve an unusually large expenditure. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. December 3, 1919 Chairman of the Finance Committee Report of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions We chronicle the history of our first year after the great world war, and in it we find that our exhibitions are returning to their normal condition, and that there is much interest shown in this phase of our work. The special exhibitions of the year have been unusually good, and added materially to the exhibitions as a whole. The Spring Exhibition had attractive plant displays, and for novelties, Charles G. Strout, of Biddeford, Maine, was awarded a medal for his carna- tion "Sunshine," and a certificate for his carnation "Donald." The May exhibition contained a fine display on the stage by Randall, notably a fine vase of American Beauty Roses. In June the Peonies were well shown. Mr. Addison L. Bemis made a fine exhibit for which he was awarded a certificate. The Rose Exhibitions in Jime were very good, and the arrangement planned by Mr. Jenkins proved very successful. Hardy flowers were shown at this exhibition, and a silver medal was awarded to Iristhorpe. Sweet Peas were not up to their usual standard, but the table decorations were the object of considerable interest. On July 10, Mr. William Anderson, gardener for Mrs. Bayard Thayer, made a fine exhibit of Lilium Regale, the new Chinese Lily which is destined to become one of the most popular lilies either for garden culture or for green- house forcing. As soon as it becomes sufficiently plenty, it will probably be grown as the Easter Lily of commerce. The exhibition of Gladioli have been very fine, and in many instances, perfect specimens have been shown. The entries in the display of garden flowers were well filled, and especially well arranged. The Dahlias shown by Mr. Frank A. Page of North Leominster made the finest display of this flower that has been seen in the Hall for some time. Both bloom, foliage, and arrangement were excellent. The Chrysanthemum Show was up to its usual standard in point of excel- lence, although not having as many exhibitors as in previous years. The stage was treated in a very effective manner by the exhibit from Iristhorpe, and won many compliments. The displays of large blooms, although decreas- ing in quantity, were up to a high standard of quality as shown by Mr. McAllister and Mr. Jenkins. We again had an opportunity to do welfare work, this time for the Fatherless Children ot France. Our Chrysanthemum Show was turned over to the Society having this work in charge, with $500 as a result. It is very gratifying that our Society can add to its usefulness by assisting in good works; and with 1919] REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS 15 the experience of the last two years, it would seem that this exhibition could be very wisely used for benevolent objects. The table decorations have been unusually interesting — a great variety of taste being shown, and some very novel arrangements. In the vegetables displayed during the year, while the quantity during the early part of the season was limited, the quality was up to its usual standard. Later both quality, quantity and arrangement were all that could be desired. The fruit, particularly grapes, has been good and well displayed. The lack of help during the year has had its e£Fect in the number of exhibits. The Children's Exhibit The interest in these continues and the young gardeners are carefully watching their associates trying to profit by each others experience. Respectfully submitted, December 3, 1919 EDWARD W. BREED, Chairman Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers for 1919 The first Spring Flower Show in March was not quite as good as we usually have although we were favored by the presence of several out of town exhibi- tors, namely Mr. Charles Strout, who exhibited his new carnation "Sunshine," and won the silver medal offered by this Society. Mr. Henry Stewart ex- hibited a very fine specimen of Dendrobium Nobile and was given a suitable award. Mr. Harding Allen of Barre, exhibited a very nice group of Primulas. The Primulas on exhibition from Worcester greenhouses also were the best I have seen in the hall for several years. The principal exhibits at the May Show were a very nice group from Iris- thorpe and a wonderful group of Palms and American Beauty Roses from the Randall Flower Shop. The cut flower exhibits all through the summer were unusually good and competition very close on many occasions. The Rose exhibits were also very good. Those who attended the exhibition July 10, were well rewarded by seeing a table of the beautiful new Lilium Regale exhibited by Mrs. Bayard Thayer of Lancaster for which a Had wen Medal was awarded. The Gladiolus and Dahlias at all the exhibitions were extra good. The season came to a successful close with the Chrysanthemum Show, which was very well arranged. Respectfully submitted, ALFRED H. GREEN Judge of Flowers and Plants Report of Judge of Fruit The season of 1919 was favorable for fruit with an early spring, and plenty of moisture in April and May. There was very little rain in June, and Septem- ber and October were too wet and cloudy for peaches, pears and apples. Early freezes and frost injured fruits, the temperature March 14 and 15 was very low, 12 degrees and 14 degrees above zero in the morning. This hurt cherry and peach buds and a freeze April 25 and 26 with a temperature of 24 degrees and 26 degrees caused a very light set of cherry fruit. Peaches were damaged by the March and April freezes, but this proved to be a help instead of an injury, as it made it unnecessary to thin them. The exhibits of all fruits have been larger than for several years, with the exception of raspberries, there being only eleven exhibits this year, twenty last year. All fruits ripened from one to two weeks earlier than in 1918, with the exception of grapes which developed very fast in June and July, and then were delayed by the wet and cloudy weather of August and September. The quality was not as good as in a more favorable season. One very pleasing feature of our fruit shows this season which the public enjoyed, was the displays and collections of fruit. There have been thirty- two premiums and prizes awarded this year in this class, eighteen in 1918. I think it will be well to say a word in praise of our exhibitors whose coura- geous and patriotic spirit has helped our society so much this past year. It takes time to arrange a display or collection of fruit, or even a single plate; and the efforts of our members during the shortage of farm labor have been much appreciated. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as loUows: Strawberries 39, cherries 14, currants 27, raspberries 11, gooseberries 4, blackberries 10, peaches 60, plums 30, grapes 65, quinces 15, apples 184, pears 131, chestnuts 1, walnuts 1, total 622 premiums awarded, 202 more than in 1918. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT A. COOK, Judge of Fruit Report of Judge of Vegetables The exhibition of vegetables the past season has been creditable as usual though not as abundant as in previous years, owing no doubt to scarcity of farm help. With the high wages and short days in other lines of business, men naturally shim the long days and harder work on the farms, this naturally curtails production which also increases the price, and so we hear of the "high cost of living." The exhibitions opened March 13 with a good display of vegetables of the previous season's growth combined with a good showing of greenhouse products. The succeeding exhibitions showed the different vegetables in their season. The early beets from the greenhouse and also from the field were of marked excellence, this was true of most of the root crop during the season. The season was very favorable for cabbages and peas which were shown in abund- ance and fine quality. On September 18, a very fine lot of squashes were shown, S. E. Fisher as usual taking the honors. The collections of vegetables September 25, though not as abundant as usual (there being but two entries) were of fine quality and the tasty arrange- ment added much to the exhibition. The showing of onions at this time was one of the best ever seen while all other exhibits helped to make the October show, as usual, one of the leading features of the season. The showing of celery has been far below previous years both in quantity and quality, though there have been some worthy specimens. The children's exhibitions were very fine, reflecting much credit on the young gardeners, both in quality and tasty arrangement. Respectfully submitted, CHARLES GREENWOOD, Judge Report of Medal Committee Mr. President and Members of Worcester County Horticultural Society: Your Medal Committee submits its report for the year 1919. Certificates of Merit Charles J. Strout, Biddeford, Me. For Carnation Donald. March 13, 1919. Addison L. Bemis Display of Peonies. June 12, 1919. A. N. Pierson, Inc. Display of Single and Pompon Chrysanthemums. Nov. 6, 1919. Hadwen Medals Charles J. Strout, Biddeford, Me. Carnation Sunshine. March 13, 1919. Iristhorpe Hardy Flowers. June 26, 1919. Mrs. Bayard Thayer Lilium Regale. July 10, 1919. Iristhorpe Collection Sweet Peas. July 17, 1919. Respectfully submitted, A. H. LANGE, For the Committee Report of the Committee on Winter Meetings The course of lectures was very satisfactory to those who were present, the lectures on practical horticulture being profitable to the few who attended and those on subjects of a general nature being enjoyed by a much larger audience. The practical talks ought to be heard by a larger number for they are of great value but our members seem to prefer illustrated lectures which are largely attended. The larger part of our appropriation was expended on our annual reunion, but it seemed worth while and the annual getting together of members and friends is of much value to the Society. The following was the program for the year: January 9, Illustrated Lecture — Diseases of Garden Crops. Mr. Webster S. Krout, Amherst, Mass. January 16, Lecture — Growing and Handling Vegetables. Mr. Addison H. Smith, West Springfield, Mass. January 23, Illustrated Lecture — The Majesty of the Mountains. Prof. Charles E. Fay, Tufts College. January 30, Lecture — What our Foods Contain. Miss Laura R. Gifford, Amherst, Mass. February 6, Illustrated Lecture — Tree Planting in France. Mr. F. R. Newbold, New York. February 13, Lecture — Impending Crisis as Related to Rural Life. Dr. George A. Twitchell, Auburn, Maine. February 20, Lecture — Raspberries and Currants. Charles S. Graham, Holden, Mass. Strawberries and Blackberries. H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. February 27, Illustrated Lecture — The Northern Peaks of the Presidential Range. W. Gray Harris, Worcester, Mass. March 6, Annual Reunion. March 13 and 14, Spring Exhibition. Respectfully submitted, J. K. GREENE, Chairman Diseases of Garden Crops, Illustrated Mr. Webster S. Krout, Massachusetts Agricultural College January 9, 1919 A disease is an abnormality of a plant. The causes of disease are insects and other animals, enviroment, physical trouble, parasites, ajgia, fungi and bacteria. An organism may be bacteria or fungi, and the action of this organism is the disease. The general public takes little interest in this subject, probably because of its newness (1860) and also is a little prejudiced. Fungi, in 1904 cost New York $10,000,000 loss in potatoes. In 1898 the wheat loss to the United States was $67,000,000. Hence, interest in plant disease must increase and is bound to in the near future. Plants are grown for a longer time in the same soil and closer together than formerly, which factors figure in this problem. When $700 per acre is expended on a tobacco crop and it is a loss from disease, causing depreciation of the land, also, it is high time to take an active interest in the causes and treatment of plant diseases, A use- ful book on the subject is Diseases of Economic Plants, by F. L. Stevens and J. G. Hall. Macmillan, 1915. The first slides showed fungus in its various sizes and generative processes. It is the lowest form of plant, bearing like the wheat seed. There are three main classes of organism: The rod bacillus, which is the most important; the spuiluim; and the round, or coccus. These keep dividing into two parts, thus forming thousands in a day. A full blown potato field in Presque Isle, Maine was shown on the screen; then a diagrammatic sketch of the fungus that destroys the potato. There is spore germination, zoospores, infection of cells and quick destruction of the plant. The importance of spraying was shown by contrasts, in the same field, between sprayed and unspraj^ed potato plots. When the blight is on spores come off of the stem and leaves, pass down into the soil and affect the tuber as well. Knapsack spraying is used in small areas and machines on large ones. There are twenty-five different diseases of the potato. Scab is not very deep but gives an unsightly appearance. Scurf, or rhizoctonia, which appears on the surface of the tuber, resembling particles of soil, is not very dangerous to the potato itself ; but is nevertheless of deep significance, since when it comes in contact with the young sprout it may kill it, or cause aerial or surface potatoes. This form is very prevalent in Massachusetts. These two diseases may be controlled. A slide showed aerial potatoes infected close to the seed tuber with the fungus girdling the stem. Sugar which should be transferred from the leaves 22 DISEASES OF GARDEN CROPS 1919] down to the tuber is hindered in its journey by the girdling oi this fungus, and hence deposits of food result in the formation of aerial potatoes. These pota- toes are not fit for seed as they are of low vitality. Surface potatoes are the result of fungus on the lower roots. The soil may be infected and thus ruin a healthy tuber. This shows as white bodies in summer and black ones in fall. A five year rotation with the potato is suggested. Merciu-ic bichloride kills off this fungus. If only a small portion of a field is infected it is all right to plant potatoes in it the next year. Planters were advised to obtain potato seed from Maine as a safeguard against disease. If other seed is used, potatoes should be gone over several times, the poor ones being weeded out at each inspection, that no degenerative seed be planted. Controls are mercuric bichloride, formaldehyde and Bordeaux mixture. Mercuric bichloride is a safer treatment than formaldehyde. The former, however, is deadly poison to any animal, while formaldehyde is not. A potato treated in the latter may be used afterwards . Potatoes must be dried after the treatment; Seed may be treated in winter or just before planting. ^ Anthracnose is the most destructive bean disease. The fimgus attacks the stem, leaf and pod, finally reaching the bean itself. If this seed is planted the next year, the same results are produced. Often there is no appearance of the infection in a bean field. The control measure is early spraying. The fungus likes damp weather; hence Nevada and Utah, where there is not much dampness grow a large supply of bean seed which should be bought by farmers to avoid risk. Cabbage plant club root is produced by an organism lower than the fungus which works its way through the root base into the interior of it causing a swelling. Lime is the best control. This should be used heavily; ten tons to the acre produces the best result. Part of the lime should be put on before plowing, the other half on top, never in the hill. Club root tends to dwarf the entire plant which sometimes does not form a head. Next was pictured the celery blight, pigmaluim and spores. For the late blight Bordeaux mixture and resin fish oil soap are good controls. Mr. Ej-out advised the trial of a control now imder experiment at their station, viz. : 1 lb. copper sulphate to 100 gal. water. The fungus of early blight may be controlled by Bordeaux mixture. The cucumber disease showed angular spots of downy mildew, which in time completely defoliates the plant. Anthracnose is distinguished from this by its circular spots. Pictures of muskmellon fungi and bacterial wilt were shown. Finally the corn smut, which is a disease and not an organism was presented. Formal- dehyde used as a control for lettuce droop seems so far in experiment to actually stimulate the plant. The slides used in this lecture were numerous and clear. Growing and Handling Vegetables Addison H. Smith, West Springfield, Mass. January, 16 1919 Mr. Smith, one of the most successful market gardeners in this state raised the question as to whether a gardener should specialize, i. e. adapt the growth of vegetables to the soil, adapt it to the community, or extend his operations throughout the year continuously. He prefers to raise produce which he may put on the market continuously. His plan is to turn off enough each week to pay current expenses, hence a large, steady business is necessary. From November 1st to May 1st, 48% of his year's business is accomplished. A long season and even income is the best scheme. The greenhouse in winter matches out-door production of summer. A market gardener should grow all local varieties; as the more diversified the production sent to market the more in favor will his produce become to consumer and grocer. Every local market has its own situation; but gluts may be avoided if vegetables are sent only where they are needed and only salable crops are grown." This year more squash was thrown away than was sold. Celery at first tended to melt but later it sold better. The cry is ''Lower rates for market" but expense is too heavy for producers to consider it. Meat is still high yet is purchased when vegetables might be bought for a much smaller sum. However, after all these obstacles, we find it is profitable to grow vegetables. The early variety of sweet corn should be ready the middle of July and other varieties may be run until frost. Before it is really safe to plant, corn may be run in with strawberries, hills every five or six feet. The seed should be planted practically on top of the ground where little heat will be required to make it sprout. If this crop is successful it is a great gain, but if it is frozen it is of no particular loss. Usually not more than one crop in three or four is frozen. The last planting like^dse, is little loss if it fails but a great gain if it thrives. This corn is put in with early potatoes, after the last cultivation in June. Twice the usual amount of seed is sown so that if some is dug up other seed will remain. This corn, if good, is more profitable than the potatoes. In this case potatoes must be hand dug; cobblers are the easiest for the purpose. Cabbage may be kept on the market from late June until the next May. Carrots, also, are an early crop, extending into the spring. If the market price is not satisfactory these vegetables may be stored until better conditions, thus extending the season. It is advisable to keep one's force of help throughout the year as breaking in help at the beginning of the season is a terrible waste of time. One man on Mr. Smith's farm has been there for forty years. Asparagus is one of the earliest crops and brings a considerable profit. Rows are best at 50 inches apart and plants 2 feet apart in the row, planted the long way of the field to facilitate culture and cutting. On an excessively hot day, it should be cut twice, then it will be of proper length. Instead of raffia or string, Mr. Smith uses rubber bands to hold bunches, as it is a saving 24 GROWING AND HANDLING VEGETABLES 1919] of money. If a bunch is too large, stalks may easily be slipped out; and if too small, others may be slipped in easily in a very short time. A connection should be made between green-house crops and out-of-door crops in the spring. Beet seed should be sown in the hot-house and trans- planted in the greenhouse between the cucumbers. One crop after another should be grown as long as possible. If one's own market has no demand wholesalers will usually take the vegetables. Weeds are an expensive problem. Celery does not delight in growing with onions. It never gets quite so large as elsewhere but in very satisfactory and profitable. Burpee's Emperor and Pascal are the best of his late varieties, but Winter Queen and Columbia are good, too, for this season. He grows quite a little celery seed. Easy Bleaching is grown early in the season; and has largely displaced Golden which spots and rots. Less manure and fertilizer may do away with this. Golden, however, at exhibitions will keep its bleaching in artificial light much better than Easy Bleaching which tends to turn green. In growing celery and onions together plant at the same time, celery coming every third or fourth row. Sow the celery row twice, down and back, and barely cover the seed. There should be one plant to an inch, or 12, to 15 inches. Paris Golden does not germinate well as the seed is weak, not hardy enough for the field. February 22 is a good time to plant cabbage in a hot bed. Start a few seeds a little earlier and transplant. The rows should be four and one-half inches apart in the hot bed; put in six, eight or ten inches of manure for mild heat. When the plants come up, if aired properly, plant at one to the inch, making eight hundred plants to the sash. When frost is out of the ground set out the plants. Early rows should be thirty inches apart by fifteen or eighteen inches in the row for Jersey Wakefield. Copenhagen, which is larger, thirty-two by eighteen inches. Stable manure, twenty cords to the acre, is good for early cabbage. Late cabbage does not require so much manure and should not be so close. Varieties for early spring are Jersey, Wakefield, Copenhagen Market, AUhead Early, then Danish the rest of the time. If worms trouble it is well to go over the plants with poison while they are small; but it is not a good idea to poison after they have begun to head. Cabbage should be planted on the same land only once in four years. Mr. Smith has every ounce of work possible done in the fall. Manure should be spread, never left in piles, but not on a field which is to be used early in the spring, as it holds the frost. Never plough in or spread manure in the fall on land to be used first thing in the spring. All possible work in the fall is the sign of good farming. Spinach planted in December is ready first in the spring. Frost makes no difference with it; only three or four times as much seed as usual should be sown. The first day in spring that land can be worked, spinach should be sown. Seeds should be sown thick enough to pay for labor which costs three dollars a day. The country needs seed and it should not be wasted, but it needs help also. Beets should be thinned and the thinnings sold for greens to help pay for the work. A vote of thanks was given Mr. Smith. The Majesty of the Mountains, Illustrated Prop. Charles E. Fay, Tupts College January 23, 1919 Professor Fay first introduced us to five views of our own country, beginning with the chief range of New England mountains. Mount Washington was shown from Conway, then Mt. Adams and Mt. Munroe. Next came the Adirondacks. From there we travelled across the plains to Colorado Springs, Pikes Peak, Mt. Washington and Peabody. Then Puget Sound and Mt. Rainier, Mt. LeFroid and Lake Louise, 3500 feet above sea level. Mt. Stein in the Rockies, nearly 12,000 feet, was a splendid sight. An American explorer first made the ascent, and since then only one man has climbed it. Vittoria Sella is the greatest photographer of Italy and Quintinia Sella the world's most expert photographer of natural scenery. The slides of this lecture were products of the work of these men, and hence their marvelous beauty. The next view showed Mt. St. Elias and an Italian party making its way to the summit, 18,000 feet. In 1897 a royal party made the first successful climb, taking fifty days to reach the summit and the same number to return. A telephotograph of Mt. Blanc at a distance of fourteen miles showed the southern or Italian side. Several people climbed these peaks in 1786, but it was not until 1901 that the two remaining peaks were climbed. A view of Italian valleys showed hotels, for four years without tourists, now turned into rest homes and hospitals for wounded soldiers. A moonlight winter scene in one of the valleys of Switzerland was one of the most wonderful views imaginable. The greatest of all glaciers of Switzerland is fifteen miles from its beginning in snows to the foot where it stops the flow of water on its way to the lake, depositing ice in it. Matterhorn, the great peak of the Alps, was an imposing scene. In 1865 a party successfully ascended it. Views of Tindall Peak and Nefetti Peak were shown from which outlook Italy and Switzerland unfolded to view. At the latter peak is the highest telephone system of the world. The Caucasus next appeared with Mt. Chib little known in 1869. Mount Cashec and Elbreuse were climbed at that time. This range forms a boundary between Europe and Asia. The scene shifts to Lake Victoria and thence to the heart of the Rubensorri mountains. The journey of nearly five hundred miles was pictured, showing various animals and peaks. Whole islands here had been destroyed by the sleeping sickness. In 1888 Stanley first determined the nature of the peaks of Rubensorri Range. They were practically unknown in 1906. An obelial in blossom, a yard in length, of rose or pale green, was shown. 26 THE MAJESTY OF THE MOUNTAINS 1919] A map was presented explaining the trip to the Himalayas. Various peaks and valleys were screened. One slide was the most beautiful snow peak in the world. Flora at 17,000 feet above sea level. 24,600 feet is the highest altitude a human being has ever achieved on the globe. Many wonderful views of these peaks were shown. The various types of scenery presented, brought the audience in close contact with the countries in question; and the lives of these mountaineers were well explained by the pictures of their homes and haunts. The collec- tion is a rare one for beauty and education. What Our Foods Contain Laura R. Gifford, Amherst, Mass. January 30, 1919 The question of food conservation has not ended with the war. The best should be procured for the money spent. At present storage houses are full. Fats are probably the food to be scarce for some time to come; hence, we must save fats and ship them to foreign countries. Our body is composed of cells each having its work to do. Food furnishes it with gro\vi;h, repair and energy. Growth refers primarily to the child; repair and energy, to the adult. Cells demand various foods according to their nature. Some food that will keep us going will not repair the body. Carbon is necessary to supply fuel for our energy. We have carbohydrates, starches and sugar furnished by bread, crackers, rice, cereals, chesee and beans. Starches and sugar are required for growth, starches taking the longer to digest. Children ought not to eat candy before a meal as it satisfies too quickly and plain food is not wanted. Sugar is a question of flavor and not need. Raw sugar and candies are not required since the all-round food supply furnishes us with the proper amount of sugar. Fruit and vegetables, particu- larly beets and parsnips, have a good sugar supply. There is great danger in limiting the diet. The Japanese from specializing in rice have the beri-beri disease. Here in the United States we have great variety. Rickets are brought on in childhood from improper food. As far as food value there are the same calories to the pound in fat substitutes as in pure fats, but they lack the growing property for children. Hence, milk and butter must be given to children, but substitutes are all right for adults. An overabundance of fat must be guarded against; cocoa and chocolate must not be too rich for children. For starch, cereals, potatoes and bread are the best. Food having a combination of properties is better than the same substances plain. Protein or nitrogen must be supplied in food in the same way as it furnishes building material for the body. This is found in lean meats, beans, cheese, legumes, milk and eggs. Meat should not be served every day, but the diet varied so that cost and necessary food be satisfied. Excess of starch and sugar is stored up in the body and generates fat; too little causes thinness. Too much protein overtaxes. It does not cause fat but discomfort. Vegetables and fruit furnish all the iron required, and it is much better in food than in the tonics we sometimes buy. Just now there is danger of under-eating and indulging in improper food. Milk is the best possible food for children to supply protein required. It lacks bulk which is easily furnished by breaking bread into it. Milk is excellent for adults, also. Tomatos are a large per 28 WHAT OUR FOODS CONTAIN 1919] cent water. It is better to drink clear water than to buy vegetables out of season, and pay a large price for them, just to get water. Of course, this variety is advocated while the vegetables are in season and not costly. An experiment showed that 305 pounds of tomatos were required for three pounds of dry pulp, which proves the high water value of them. In Massachusett the apple is the most plentiful fruit and consequently is not appreciated. Fruit brings the least amount for money spent and milk the largest. Even at twenty-five cents a quart, milk would be worth the money. Every child under fourteen should have at least one quart a day. We do not lose the food value when milk is used in cooking; hence eggless and milkless food is merely cheating the body of its requirements. A purely vegetarian diet is all right if only enough bulk is obtained, but the quantity must be sufficient. Miss Gifford has not known of any strict vege- tarian who could work as much as others. Few would eat the necessary quantity or bulk of vegetables. Bananas should always be baked for children. Various charts showing the value of food pnd balance of diet were presented and explained. Tree Planting in France, Illustrated F. R. Newbold, New York February 6, 1919 This enterprise was undertaken by the Horticultural Society of New York. One of the members, who had been working in France, saw the great need of this movement and appealed for aid. As a result the American Fund for the French Wounded responded with financial support. The work was under- taken by Mrs. Lathrop assisted by Mrs. Forrest of the Minnesota Agricultural College, a practical farmer and fruit grower of that state. The latter had been in France eleven months doing relief work, and was asked to return and super- vise this work. It was the intention to begin in Neuilly but the big drive stopped all plans in that district. A letter from Mrs. Forrest was read in which she spoke of visiting over fifty farms and vineyards. She aroused much interest in American ways and threw great light upon the subject of hog raising. The conclusion of her trip was that we lead in certain departments of agriculture. This reconstruction work was supported by the united interest of the Friends of America and Britian. The French government asked the Red Cross to take charge of the work but aided in financial support. All that section of the country calling for attention was under martial law. The slides illustrating the lecture were sent from the French ofl&ce of the War Department. A former wheat field showed trenches in which four battles took place. A picture taken in 1917 was a terrace of one of the Verdun Forts, a big gun alongside, and a German trench near the top. This view of the Meuse front was all ruined country. Part of the Meuse forest on the Verdun side appeared. An apple orchard in full bloom contrasted with the remains of an orchard two miles outside Neuilly. Devastated villages, war scenes on and off of the battlefield were shown, also many excellent views of troops and their marches. The work in which the French were assisted in planting their trees and remaking their gardens was well illustrated. The collection of slides is a rare one in every sense and it is to be regretted that the public had not the fortune to enjoy these scenes so well explained by Mr. Newbold. Impending Crisis as Related to Rural Life Dr. George W. Twitchell February 13, 1919 Doctor Twitchell came to Worcester for the first time thirty-two years ago to attend a winter meeting. A lecture on "Structure as Related to Purpose" given at that time has had more influence over him than any other he has heard. Since that meeting he has visited this city many times, and is con- sidered an old friend of the Horticultural Society. When the armistice was signed this country went wild over the promise of permanent peace. In New York a procession of ten thousand Boy Scouts furnished an impressive sight. Their white banner with the black inscription The War is Done. Our Duty in Not Done so impressed Doctor Twitchell that he based his present lecture on it. War has opened the door of duty for everyone. The fighting may be over but war or its results will continue. We question what would have happened if Germany had not gone to the wall. The boys in khaki will always regret their not having the privilege of driving the Germans back on their own soil, but — perhaps it will come yet. Nineteen hundred and eighteen was a year of promise but failed in fulfillment. The problems growing out of a war require whole-hearted consecration from every son and daughter. The reconstruction period demands attention from all. Our policy of government has changed from extreme individualism to extreme socialism. This reaction from democracy to autocracy is a great test for this country. Autocracy, for some, is not easily thrown off ; it is exacting and will refuse to surrender. We have three well-organized powers: the capital element is well united; the political power well-centralized; and the military power based on Might — not Right. If stability is to be perpetual there must be a clear recognition and understanding of the rights of each individual to full protection. Now we begin with the rights of the individual and proceed to those of the State, whereas the reverse should be the rule. The rights of people are strong according as people realize their rights and maintain them. At present Bolshevism is working its havoc here. There is an undercurrent of ferment beneath the surface which must be swept away. This accomplish- ment depends upon the recognition of the rights of all citizens. Maintenance of the miUtia and its cost, demobilization of the army, surplus buildings, the closing of war industries, clamor for work — all these problems confront us as we stand on the possible edge of destruction. The solution is Democracy composed of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, all three of which must 1919] IMPENDING CRISIS AS RELATED TO RURAL LIFE 31 dominate the blood. The problems stimulated by war are probably greater than those caused by war. Peace policy does not necessarily mean peace. Shall we continue to centralize the power of the few at expense of the many ? This would mean the end of government control. Shall we be American citizens in the future or American only in name? Will capital be tree to build factories and furnish work? Or will the I. W. W. be judged a church and continue to produce those who shout "No Sabbath. No God?" Are farms to go on? Are we to have schools which will lay the foundation of patriotism, or lawlessness which will destroy it! These are the problems confronting us today and neither Congress nor the Peace Committee can decide them. They must be freely discussed at every grange, and corner of the country. There is no substitute for self-government and that rests on the intelligence of the masses. Individual thought, broadening of the mind, respect for others, brings peace and fellowship. Reality must deal in con- creteness and not in generality. The world is full of slackers today and it lacks the spirit of investigation. It is time for each one to be sent to his post to work for the good of the whole. This can be done through disciplinary action. Criticism is strong against organized service. The prosperity of a nation is bound up by the success, health, loyalty and humanity of its people. Co- operative work must be emphasized but perhaps not by that name. The right to organize must be accepted, as it is not a question of organization but of purpose. But to stand independent cannot be denied if it is right to organize. A distinction is drawn between the power of persuasion and the danger of coercion. Organized movement must be made to realize that the day of the superman is gone. The outward manifestation of interest such as money, regulation of hours, free medical attendance and entertainment is condemned. Capital and labor produce nothing. Capital means factories, machines and compensation for labor; labor converts material into finer form for service. Alone neither is more powerful than primitive man. A stable form of good is equality of both and understanding of the best interest of all. The Law of Supply and Demand must be obeyed. Individual demands and needs govern all. The right to strike for better conditions cannot be ques- tioned, but this must not be done without proper consideration of the rights of the whole. Farms, so far, have been free of this danger but they face another in a tremendous lack of men power, not to be overcome today in New England. Doctor Twitchell canvassed a portion of Maine and found that of 200 farmers only fifteen were under thirty-five years of age. The average age was sixty- seven years. If those who interpret the law of practice would only make good in practice one solution would be reached. Agents wish to aid in New England but merely bind the farmer hand and foot, causing his destruction instead of promised success. Competition forces the farmer to increase his mental process. The restriction of man power must be balanced by efficiency. We cannot force Nature to do her best but we can give an invitation based on inteUigence. 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 Orchards of the West are supplanting ours in our own markets because we have failed to read the "Handwriting on the Wall." Protection is needed. The day for small orchards in New England to be made profitable is gone. Pests, insects and large expense have brought this about. It is necessary for every man to be an organized force for himself. The telephone, automobile and like improvements have relegated the farm of isolation to the rock-heap of antiquity. Production constitutes a minor problem. This has always been discussed in the past but now the great problem is disposal of surplus. Farmers should organize for mutual self -protection. Success calls for the handling of markets by farm agents. War is not yet over. So long as the red flag waves we have a broken reed. Government ownership or political control is autocratic. Reconstruction must be made on a broad basis. In this tremendous undertaking there is no hope for the world apart from the spiritual and practical teaching of Jesus Christ. Here in Massachusetts there are 380,000 inhabitants who cannot speak the English language. Our vision and concept then is to help the world to a conception of the Flag and all for which it stands. We should prohibit the use of any textbook other than that in English. At the beginning of the war throughout the West people refused to sing the Star Spangled Banner but sang the war songs of their own country. The farmer must be more than a worker of the soil; he must first of all be a citizen. Strife, struggle, the meaning of all creation, is also its preservation. The struggle must be from within, not without. We cannot graft on, but must evolve. Silver colored text cannot educate. We must hear the cry coming from Europe, America, and everywhere. Free support has increased poverty, injuring rather than stimulating help of the farmer. He should be helped to help himself. We must drive out the spirit of anarchy and make impossible the movement of the red flag. The activity of the individual member of the great whole is the assurance of the above, Man must make the world better, for those who come after him. The War is Done. Our Duty is Not Done and will not be done for years to come. A solemn prayer for the safety of our country concluded this splendid lecture. Raspberries and Currants Charles S. Graham, Holden, Mass. Strawberries and Blackberries H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. February 20, 1919 Mr. Moore on Strawberries: Mr. Moore and his father grow strawberries particularly for exhibition. For location a south-west slope is the best. Down toward the bottom of the hill drainage makes the section very desirable. Gravel or loam, light and quite deep is necessary for the best berries, but strawberries will grow practically anywhere that other field crops grow. They require quick drainage, so if the soil does not let the water through a drainage system is necessary. The water must not stand on the land. Strawberries should be heavily fertilized. A mixture of cow and horse manure is the best. There should be at least ten cords to an acre, but half as much again would be better still. The first year something else may be grown between rows, so that one crop will be reaped that year and two the next. A crop of clover or rye is an excellent green fertilizer to plow under before setting. Fall plowing is good but early spring plowing is about as good. Fertilizer should be well incorporated with the soil, and the ground pulverized before setting the plants. Plan to set strawberries between May first and tenth before plants have a chance to set blossoms, as that weakens plants. There are several methods of setting: by spade, machine, or hand which is the slowest. If set early, the plants have the moisture which they need. Just before a storm is an ideal time. The centre or crown of the plant must not be covered as the new leaves come from this. It is well to pick off all but a few leaves in the centre so the plant won't have to feed them. The rows should be six to seven feet apart and the plants set from one to two feet apart 9,ccording to variety, as some plants send out more sets than others. Sample strawberries are set two feet apart. Lettuce, beets or anything that will be out of the way by the first of July may be planted between. By that time the strawberries will need all the ground. The perfect plants produce some of the best quality but not so many of them. The imperfect varieties are usually heavier bearers. The Sample is the most productive, is a good berry, a good shipper, keeps, is good for canning, and will yield when others do not. Downing's Bride is a better quality but not such a big yielder. The Sample is like the old Charles Downing. The Senator Dunlap, Barry- 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 more, Golden Gate, Glen Mary, and M.A.C. 24, have perfect flowers. Senator Dunlap is one of the earliest. The Barrymore does not send out many runners SO may be planted at one foot apart. The Glen Mary has a white tip, hence must mature longer, but it is solid and a good shipper. The Golden Gate is one of the largest berries, sixteen or seventeen filling a quart basket, but is not so good a quality or yielder as the others. Everbearing has not been much oi a success with him. The fall berry is out of season, hence there isn't much of a demand for it. The Superb is the only fall berry that yields very well. One or two varieties of strawberry should be tried out each year as none lasts very long. The Sample has had the longest run of any variety of the present. At least one perfect row should be planted in every three of imperfect, or better have every other row perfect. If a separation of varieties is not desired a better yield will be obtained by mixing all varieties. Frequent cultivation must be given and the ground kept loose and worked up. All blossoms should be removed from the plants after they have been set out. As plants need all possible strength the first year, it is well to keep runners off until July first to tenth when growth is very vigorous. By July tenth everything but straw- berries should be out of the bed as the runners soon occupy four of the six feet. No plant should be within eight inches of any other plant. In the fall hen manure or chemical fertilizer should be used. The plants are not injured by one freezing, or if they might be covered continually with snow they would be all right, but the freezing then thawing spoils them, so they must have a regular winter covering. Meadow hay has been used for this purpose for several seasons in Mr. Moore's garden, but it bothers on account of weeds. Straw is better or pine boughs. This year buckwheat straw has been used. The covering must not be too thick, as it will smother the plants, but enough so to keep out the sun's rays. It must not be removed too early, usually by April nineteenth it is warm enough. An ordinary garden rake is handy for removing the covering which should be pulled off between the rows, some being left to protect the plants from dirt. In the spring very little cultivation is necessary. Some commercial fertilizer should be carefully incorporated into the soil then, but must not come in contact with the leaves. Just before a rain is an ideal time. Too much fertilizer will make the berries soft. If the garden is not irrigated a garden hose may soak the soil well once in four or five days. From 7 to 10 a. m. is the best time to pick strawberries as they will bring a top price then, whereas if kept over night they will have a dull look. A well- filled, neat box is the drawing card. Sixteen hundred and eighty-two quarts were obtained from one-sixth acre, a rate of 10,000 quarts per acre. The average price was $.175 per quart. Last year was a bad year and strawberries brought 36 cents a quart, wholesale on an average. Plants should be cultivated the same way always, down one row and up the next, or runners will be torn. Women and girls are better pickers than are boys as they handle the berries more carefully. 1919] RASPBERRIES AND CURRANTS 35 Mr. Graham on Raspberries: Mr. Graham, one of the new exhibitors, had the best raspberries last summer. He claims that growing them depends largely on the man. It is quite desirable to make the season as long as possible so the best variety for a long season should be selected. Selection of soil and thorough cultivation are important. This past season a new variety, the June, was a great success. It is of good quality, very large, bright red, keeps its color well and is very productive. The picking season was from July first on for ten days or two weeks. The Worthy is a large berry and tremendously productive, but the color and quality are not quite so good as those of the June. The Cuthbert is a standard variety and the best of all. The Herbert is a good variety. A good location and good loam, not too heavy, are important. Good corn land ought to be good raspberry land. The soil must be kept free of witch- grass and other weeds, especially chickweed. Plants should be set where snow does not drift; hence a level piece of ground is the best location. The rows should be six to seven feet apart, and the plants three feet apart in the row. Cultivation should be begun as early as possible and continued frequently as possible without injuring the plants. For fertilizers use such as are necessary to get a vigorous, healthy crop of plants. Pruning and thinning are very important, especially thinning. In the case of the Cuthbert wait until the plant begins to grow then cut down to the live wood. The largest and best berries are on young shoots, near the root, and the worst at the tip. Stakes are set sixteen to eighteen feet apart. When the plants have blossomed they should be tied up with twine. Wire may be used for this purpose, but it sags and, hence, is not so desirable. Quite a number of diseases affect raspberries but Mr. Graham has had only one serious trouble with his crop. It is well to spray raspberrj- plants once or twice a season with aresenate of lead to relieve any insect difficulty. Mr. Moore on Blackberries: The same rules hold for blackberries as for other berries regarding location and cultivation. By May tenth anywhere plants may be set out. The first year a crop may be grown between rows, but after that there is no chance. Pruning is important. The first year the plants should be from twenty inches to two feet tall; after that, from three to three and one-half feet. Cane grown this year bears fruit next year. Cane should be tacked up some way whether wire or twine is used for tieing. Varieties of longest season should be selected. The earliest is the early Harvest. The Agawam is passing out of popularity. The Wachusett, one of the best, is a good grower, of good size and very free from thorns. The Snyder used to be one of the most popular but it is apt to be red and sour. The Taylor is the worst berry for thorns but is a good quality and sweet. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 The Minnewaska is a large good berry. The Blower and El Dorado are new varieties. Red rust is a blackberry disease which causes leaves to turn red. These should be pulled out and destroyed, thus removing the disease. Mr. Graham on Currants: Plants should be four to five feet apart. They must not be set too thick. There is practically no danger of over-fertilization. Pruning is very import- ant, all small shoots must be cut off .ind old canes should come out. Com- paratively young shoots, the second or third year, produce the best fruit. A wise move is to hold off a little or get a little ahead of the other growers. The Perfection, the only one Mr. Graham sets, is the best — large, ot fine quality and splendid cluster. The Red Cross is pale, has a small cluster and too short a stem to allow good picking. The Prince Albert is not large enough. The cluster is good except in length and the bush is blight free. It is too small, however, and hard to pick. Last year Mr. Graham had clusters of twenty berries, and clusters of eighteen to twenty were not unusual. He had to spray for blight. A good spray is eight gallons of water to one of lime sulphate. Cow manure in the spring is a good fertilizer. Illustrated Lecture, The Northern Peaks of the Presidential Range W. Gray Harris, Worcester, Mass. February 27, 1919 Mr. Harris at once voiced his sentiment by quoting anonymous verses: " Come out ye weary people, Lift up your eyes from the sod ; And deem ye the Mountains' glory, And list to the Voice of God. " An ardent member of the Appalachian Club, Mr. Harris is one of the most eager advocates of mountain climbing and mountain appreciation in every form. The Appalachian Club, Tremont Building, Boston, has a library of three or four rooms, treating mainly of the White Mountains. This collection has been made since the club came into existence in 1879. The slides used in this lecture are views taken by various members of the club. The first picture showed the starting place Appalachia Station. Mts. Madison, Adams, Jefferson, part of Clay and Washington, obscured in the distance, were seen, also King's Ravine. The scene travelled through the woods, up King's Ravine to the first little hut where supplies are stored. This hut is one of the three built by the club. These huts, which are kept by college men from July first to October first, accommodate thirty-five or forty people each. Madison hut, of 1500 feet altitude, had 3500 visitors last year. The Perch, built twenty-five years ago by Mr. Edwards, was shown in a few slides. It is made of birch bark and is situated on the slope of Adams. Mr. Edwards has built several of these small huts at isolated spots. Dense foliage at an altitude of 4000 feet made a very fine picture, as did also a filmy, lace-like path. The scenery up the valley, on to the floor of the ravine was very beautiful. One view, looking west, showed Mt. Adams and the three peaks. Another pictured Randolph in the distance. Many slides of the various huts and phases of the floor of King's Ravine were shown. Profile Hut and range loomed up in the distance. Several excellent winter scenes were screened. Snowshoe parties trailing Adams were enviable sights. The covered path leading to King's Ravine seemed easy trailing as rocks were missing. A view of Mt. Adams proper and Star Lake was splendid. The valley scene, going south, showed the Glen House. Other views were of the carriage 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 house on Mt. Adams, Madison Gulf trail over the valley to the Glen House, and the Gulf, nine miles long. The trial from the Glen House to Tuckerman Ravine, the shortest and easiest ascent, was given. This ravine is named in honor of the famous botanist who used to spend his summers there. Hermit Lake Camp, Boot Spur and Chandler Ridge were pictured. Other slides were the ravine on the slope of Mt. Washington, the Knee of Jefferson, Peabody river and Mt. Washington taken from Mt. Adams. Next came the headwall of the Great Gulf, Spaulding river, Jefferson Notch road. A colored slide of this road four or five miles from the Mt. Pleasant House was one of the best in the collection. Several winter scenes came next including a party making an annual winter trip and the headwall of Tuckerman Ravine. Storms deposit snow in this ravine to the depth of fifty feet. In August the snow remaining causes frigidity in sunshine not felt elsewhere. Hermit Lake with Lion's Head on one side furnishes one of the most beautiful spots on earth. This lake is the deep and dark remains of a small glacier. A bowlder near by covered with snow appeared like an iceberg. Wild Cat mountain showed in one slide. The last few slides were scenes about Franconia Notch. One view was way across the valley to Presidential Range from which we had just departed. The Flume was shown to good advantage; also the peak of Mt. Liberty, the first one of consequence in Franconia Range, with a conical form like that of Adams. Lafayette appeared at the height of the range. Mr. Harris concluded his lecture with his introductory quotation which well played on the emotions and together with his vitally interesting talk and beautiful slides left with his audience keen appreciation of the Presidential Range and life in the mountains. Annual Reunion and Banquet March 6, 1919 Guests assembled in the banquet hall at 6.30. After prayer had been offered by Rev. Mr. Wyland, dinner was served by Brigham. There was community singing led by Harrison G. Taylor. Mr. Charles Greenwood, president, was toastmaster. He welcomed all to the seventy-seventh anniversary of the society, paying tribute to the healthful interest existing in the Worcester County Horticultural Society. Member- ship claims governors, congressmen, mayors, judges, representatives and, in fact, many other branches of the business and professional world. Following the aim of its country the society always goes ''over the top. " At the recent exhibit in Boston the display of vegetables by market gardeners of the state captured the blue ribbon for Worcester, The credit for defeating Boston is due the secretary, Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, who furnished the greater part of the vegetables and superintended the arrangement of Worcester's share of the exhibit. A hearty greeting was extended to our returned soldiers and tribute paid those who have made the supreme sacrifice. After many interesting remarks on labor and the role of the farmer, Mr. Greenwood expressed dis- appointment over the mayor's absence, and introduced the first speaker: Mr. W. D. Ross, President of Worcester Agricultural Society Mr. Ross said he could not very well bring the greetings of his society as he is also a member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, so he would extend best wishes. The Worcester Agricultural Society will be one hundred years old the thirteenth of this month. In 1817 it was organized as a society, incorporated in 1818, and in 1819 held its first fair, a cattle show on the Com- mon. The records of the first meeting of the society were read. Levi Lincoln Jr., was elected president in 1818, was reelected in 1824, serving until 1852, nine years of which time he was also governor of Massachusetts. The report of the Cattle Show was exceedingly interesting. Premiums were awarded not only for agricultural displays but for industrial as well. In 1853 the show was held for the first time on the society grounds, the charge being ten cents a head. During its existence the society has expended $125,000 on premiums, and $100,000 on benefits. The first aeroplane to appear in Worcester flew from their fairgrounds in 1911. Mr. Ross' report was intensely interesting and was accompanied by many witty remarks. Violin selections were rendered by Harrison G. Taylor during the interval between speakers. 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1019 Mr. Rufus B. Dodge, Ex-Mayor of Worcester When Mr. Dodge was mayor he attended a conference of the Africain Methodist Church on Park Avenue. After seven speeches of welcome had been made him a gray haired man remarked that he had hved in Worcester fifty years and had known most of the mayors during that time, but that this one was the first who ever had the cheek to go to their meeting. Mr. Dodge felt that he was now cheeky to attend a farmers' meeting. His great surprise was in seeing the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Arthur P. Rugg, at an agricultural meeting, and he wondered how the justice ever got in. He expressed gratification in seeing anybody of so high a standing in the com- munity mingle with the citizens. It may be good for a judge to mingle with common people, but his doing it pays them a high compliment. One of the defects of modern civilization is that people in high places and especially in judicial positions, do not want to mingle with the citizens at large as much as would be for the citizens' good. A chief justice has the rightful stand that others cannot have, without influence, and has great weight to his words. A man of Chief Justice Rugg's distinction has a splendid oppor- tunity to direct public opinion along the paths of righteousness and under- standing. That Mr. Rugg takes advantage of this opportunity and gives freely of his time and interest was well brought out in this splendid tribute and welcome. Absolute faith is vested in agriculture. The farmer leads a healthy life, physically and morally, and though his work is isolated and of a particular nature he compares very favorably with the rest of the world in intelligence. The singling out of classes and kinds is a great mistake in the making of laws. Statute books contain projects and various aids for farmers, but the farmer if given a fair chance can well help himself. Subsidies and state-aid are not needed by him. He is independent if the opportunity is given him to exercise his intelligence. After much philosophizing upon life the conclusion is: "Human existence in its happiness is not in palatial houses, not in accumulating large riches, not in the splendor of magnificent hotels, not in disguise of princes. The happiness of mankind lies in the heart of the hills, harmony ol the valley, grandeur of the saa, the stately and sober splendor of the moon, and in the mystery of the stars. There is man's life and there is man's happiness.' ' Mr. John B. Bowker Three square meals a day for some time have been Peace, Government Ownership and the High Cost of Living. An appropriate reference was that of sketching for us the Dove of Peace being brought over on a Peace Ship protected peacefully by twenty War ships, and making as much noise in Washington on its arrival as a woodchuck thrown into a kennel of dogs. Government ownership looks well in the newspapers and has great power to stir the mind. It has, indeed, located here in Worcester though it does not 1919] ANNUAL REUNION 41 profess to live under that name. Government ownership of the farm means that the government owns the cow, you and I feed her and the government sells the milk. The high cost of li\ang is traced directly to greatly increased expenses of cit\', state and nation. Taxes have been raised disproportionately. The pole tax has not been raised from its two dollar stand. Nowadays a man buys a dog for five dollars and has to pay a three dollar tax on him. Yet men have only a two dollar tax and surely they are to be considered more valuable than dogs. During the administration of Mayor Dodge more public improvements were made than in any six years since. These were paid for on a very low tax. Existence depends upon right government. Society must choose from its members strong men who will rule by reason and protect the country by safe-guarding its interests. Mr. George F. E. Storey, Worcester Couxty Farm Bureau Mr. Storey declared himseK safe from poUtics, and the why's and where- fore's of legislation to be beyond his experience. He spoke of the hearty co-operation and good faith exi.sting between the Horticultural Society and his o^Ti. The favors he said were mainly on the side of the latter, but he hoped future time would prove the appreciation of the Farm Bureau, as ^^ith- out assistance from the Horticultiu-al Society it could not have succeeded in many undertakings. The Daylight Sa\T[ng plan has been protested against by farmers all over the country. It was not a success last year. It is impossible to make cows come in earlier, or chickens get up earlier, or children go to bed in the afternoon. Farmers have to fall in with the established time which is, in the daylight plan, not in accordance w^ith Nature. The farmer must stand up for his rights and fight for those things which are consistent and necessary for his success. This measure which is a rider to the Appropriation Bill will soon come up for consideration and every farmer should exert his power to the utmost to keep it from passing, as it spells failure on the farm. Reasonable protest is a justified move on the part of the working man. He must do everj-thing possible to prevent the spread of Bolshe\dsm which works against all law and order. "WTien it gets to the point that a man goes to Boston and hears slurring remarks on the American flag and government, it is time to insist on One Flag and One Government, and if they are not satisfied give them a running start to the other side. " The program closed with the singing of America. BY LAWS AND KOLL OF MEMBERS OP THE WOKCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 1, 1919 THE HARRIGAN PRESS^ PRINTERS 1919 ( BY-LAWS OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society. Revised and Adopted. ANNUAL MEETING. Article 1. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on the first Wednesday in December. MEMBERSHIP. Article 2. Any member may propose candidates for mem- bership to a Committee consisting of the President, Secretary and the members of the Finance Committee, who shall consider the same, and upon approyal of a majority of said Committee they ma}^ become members of the Society upon payment of tiye dollars for men and three dollars for women and signing the By-Laws of the Society. EXPULSION OF MEMBERS. Article 3. Any member of the Society guilty of any breach of the rules or of conduct reflecting discredit upon the Society may be expelled by two-thirds (2-3) vote at any meeting of the Society ; provided, however, that said member shall have written notice of all complaints against him at least twenty days (20) before action is taken. OFFICERS. Article 4. The Officers of the Society shall be a President, three (3) Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Librarian, and a Treasurer — (all of whom shall be Trustees ex-ofpcHs) . The Officers shall be elected by ballot, to hold their Offices until the next annual election or until others are chosen in their places. MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Article 5. All meetings of the Society shall be called by giving not less than one (1) week's notice in at least one news- paper published in the City of Worcester and the Secretary 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY shall notify by postal card each member as far as their address may be known. Special Meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secre- tary at any time, on the application of five (o) members there- for. And at all meetings of the Society thirty (30) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. PEESIDENT AND VICE-PKESIDENTS. Article 6. Presidents and Vice-Presidents shall discharge the duties of their respective offices. SECRETARY. Article 7. His Duties. The Secretary shall keep records of all business transacted at the meetings of the Society and of the Trustees, and all important Committees, also of the admis- sion of members, and he shall call and notify meetings of the Society and of the Trustees, and shall notify persons chosen to office in the Society of their election and the Committees of their appointment, and shall attend to the correspondence of the Society. TREASURER. Article 8. His Duties: The Treasurer shall, at each An- nual Meeting of the Society, make a report of his receipts and expenditures on account of the Society, and the condition of its finances, and exhibit his accounts. And a Committee shall be annually appointed by the Trustees to examine and audit his accounts and to report thereon. The Treasurer shall give bonds to the acceptance of the Trustees of the Society for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. THE LIBRARIAN. Article 9. The Librarian shall have the charge of all books, drawings, engravings, herbaria, and other articles appertaining to the Library, and shall attend to the purchase, recording, cat- aloguing, arranging, binding, delivering, and receiving of books ; these duties to be performed under the direction of the Library Committee. He or she shall, so far as possible, assist those desiring to use the Library in their investigations. He or she shall be a member of the Library Committee, ex-officiis. LIBRARY COMMITTEE. They shall adopt and enforce regulations which have been approved by the Society. These regulations shall be a^lfixed to every volume, and posted in the Library, for the Librarian and Cabinet. DY-LAWS 5 TKUSTEES. Article 10. Their Numher : The Trustees shall consist of thirty members C^O), exclusive of tlie officers, who are trustees e.t-officiis. Tlieir Powers : The Trustees shall have the general charge and direction' of the atfairs and business of the Society, its funds and property, so far as not otherwise. provided for in the By-Laws or at the meetings of the Society ; and may appoint one or more exhibitions of Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables in each year, and make all arrangements therefor and for con- ducting the same, including the appointment of Committees; and may establish premiums and provide for awarding the same, and shall direct the disposal of all articles of a vegetable growth which nmy be presented to the Society, including the distribution of Seeds, Scions and Cuttings, Layers and Eoots. Their Meetings — Quorum : At all meetings of the Trustees, twelve (12) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; and a meeting of the Trustees may at any time be called, on the application of three (3) members of the board to the President of the Society; and all meetings of the Trustees shall be called by the Secretary. There shall be stated meetings of the Trustees, to be held once in three (3) months. The first meeting of the Trustees to be held one (1) week after the Annual Meeting. FINANCE COMMITTEE. Article 11. There shall be chosen at the Annual Meeting of the Society a Committee of three (3), one member thereof to be elected every year, to hold office for the term of three years ; said Committee, subject to the control and supervision of the Society, shall have the general care and oversight of the lands, buildings and other property of the Society; shall appoint a custodian who shall have charge of the building, the renting of the halls and such other duties as the Finance Committee shall require. The Finance Committee shall approve all bills against the Treasury before being paid by the Treasurer, and shall authorize the Treasurer to invest for the benefit of the Society in one or more of the Savings Banks of the County of Worcester, or in such securities as are legal investments for Massachusetts Savings Banks, any mone}^ not appropriated or necessary for current expenses of the Society. APPROPRIATIONS. Article 12. All appropriations for Compensation of Officers and for Premiums shall be voted annually. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY MEDAL COMMITTEE. Article 13. The President shall appoint two persons who shall serve with the President as a Medal Committee. They shall act as judges in awarding and shall have authority to procure suitable medals, that shall be in accord with any lega- cies received by the Society. AMENDMENTS. Article 14. The By-Laws may be altered or amended at the Annual Meeting of the Society, by a vote of two-thirds (2-3) of the members present; provided, that i>revious notice shall have been given in the call for the Annual Meeting that the subject of an alteration of the By-Laws is to come before the Society at that meeting. NOMINATING COMMITTEE. Article 15. There shall be chosen at the Annual Meeting of the Society in 1916 a Nominating Committee of three members, one for three years, one for two years and one for one year. Thereafter one member shall be chosen each year for a term of three years. Said committee shall nominate one or more can- didates for each office of the Society, Said committee shall file such nominations with the Secretary at least one month before the annual meeting. The Secretary shall, immediately on re- ceiving such nominations, post the same in some public place in the Society's building. (2) Nominations for any office, in addition to those made by the Nominating Committee, may be made, by papers signed by fifteen or more members of the Society, and deposited with the Secretary at least two weeks before the Annual Meeting. The Secretary shall, immediately on receiving such nomina- tions, post the same in some public place in the Society's building. HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. ROLL OF MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY This Roll of Members contains the names of all those known to be liv- ing at the time of publication. The date before the name indicates the year of election to membership. Date 1886 1903 1901 1909 1899 1906 1867 1903 1917 1911 1915 1915 1918 1911 1899 1893 1917 1893 1891 1899 1909 1893 1901 1893 1882 1866 1901 1897 1882 1906 1872 1876 1894 1852 1865 1853 Name Residence Abbott, Justin A. No. Grafton Abrahams, H. A. Cohasset Adams, Charles A. Spencer Adams, Everett F. Leominster Adams, Mrs. Henry "Worcester Adams, Mrs. Herbert L. Adams, John C. Adams, Mrs. Josephine A. " Adams, Philip J. Adshead, Ernest Grafton Ainsworth, Clarence E. " Ainsworth, Henry D. " Aldrich, Erwin E. Worcester Aldrich, Fred D. Alexander, Miss EfRe M. " Alexander, Francis P. " Allen, Harding- Barre Allen, Joseph A. Auburn Allen, William I. Worcester Anderson, Herbert W. Anderson, William So. Lancaster Andrews, Albert W. Worcester Andrews, Miss Harriot B. " Atherton, Miss iMary E. B Babbitt, W^illiam E. Bachelor, Charles O. Baker, Mrs. Caroline Balcolm, Mrs. J. A. Baldwin, Charles C. Ball, Mrs. M. Jennie Ballard, Harry Ballou, A. A. Ballou, Charles A. Bancroft, Miss Mary Bancroft, :Mrs. Mary Barnard, George A. Worcester Boylston F. Worcester Charlton W^orcester Shrewsbury Worcester Newton Worcester C. Brookline M. Unknown Worcester Residence Worcester Worcester Unknown Worcester Brookfield Uxbridg-e Worcester Unknown Date Name 1914 Barnard, W^alter B 1889 Barnard, William C. 1889 Barr, George L. 1904 Bartlett, Mrs. Christina D. 1884 Bartlett, Edward A. Shrewsbury 1917 Barton, Mrs. Eliz. T. 1917 Barton, George S. 1874 Bassett, D. H., 1911 Bassett, Pliny E. 1860 Batcheldor, Ezra D. N 1908 Bazeley, W^illiam A. L. 1906 Bellows, Arthur H. 1906 Bemis, Addison L. 1874 Bennett, A. H. 1884 Bennett, Miss Caroline E. Worcester 1918 Bent, Miss Catherine M. 1909 Beveridge, Mrs. Abbie M. 1915 Bigelow, Palmer W. 1887 Bishop, Mrs. John W. 1913 Bisson, Ernest Shrewsbury 1884 Blake, Mrs. Cecilia L. W^orcester 1917 Blanchard, Curtis R. 1916 Blodget, Chester B. 1902 Blodget, Walter H. 1910 Bloss, Albert H. 1896 Boardman, James E 1897 Bond, Charles E. 1852 Bond, Thomas 1896 Bowen, Mrs. William E. Newton Highlands 1892 Bowker, John B. Worcester 1876 Bowker, Mrs. S. H. Unknown 1905 Boyden, W^. H. Leominster 1896 Brackett, Mrs. Frank D. Unknown 1878 Bradt, Mrs. Mary New York 1897 Breed, Edward W. Clinton 1911 Breed, Mrs. Sarah E. 1897 Brierly, Mrs. Annie E. Worcester 1891 Brierly, Moses F. W. Boylston W^orcester N. Brookfield 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Date Name Residence 1902 Brig-ham, Mrs. Lillian E. West Rindg-e, N. H. 1884 Brooks, Rev. Arthur A. Brooklyn, N. Y. 1911 Brooks, Georg-e F. Worcester 1904 Brooks, Lewis M. 1882 Brooks, W^alter F. 1911 Brown, F. Howard Marlboro 1908 Brown, Mrs. Inez E. F. Worcester 1914 Brown, J. Fred S. Lancaster 1871 Brown, Thomas Worcester 1911 Browning, Henry H. 1896 Bruce, Edg-ar M. Leominster 1899 Bruce, Mrs. Flora C. 1874 Bruso, Miss Elizabeth Worcester 1895 Bryant, Mrs. Christopher Unknown 1908 Buckingham, Mrs. Mary A. W^orcester 1911 Buckley, Louis H. 1911 Buckley, Mrs. Louis H. 1897 Bullard, Mrs. George M. 1870 Bullock, Augustus G. 1917 Bullock, Chan(\ler 1865 Burbank, Miss Caroline A. 19^4 Burbank Charles W\ Boylston 1908 Butler, George C. Ipswich 1909 Carey, Mrs. Emily Shrewsbury 1894 Carleton, Elbridge S. Rochdale 1904 Carrick, George W. Worcester 1909 Carter, Henry W. Millbury 1902 Gary, Willis E. W^orcester 1904 Chaffln, William A. " 1894 1905 Chamberlain, Benn M. Holden 1896 1892 Chamberlain, Frederick H. Worcester 1909 1898 Chamberlain, Fred. L. " 1898 1855 Chamberlin, Mrs. Eliz. F. P. 1902 Worcester 1912 1891 Cheney, Gustavus E. Sharon, Vt. 1855 1875 Chester, Mrs. Kate D. Unknown 1865 Childs, Mrs. Susannah S. Boston 1910 1874 Churchill, Mrs. Mabelle E. 1918 Amherst 1854 1894 Clarke, Joseph T. S. Lancaster 1914 1891 Cochrane, Mrs. Albertina G. 1906 Worcester 1901 1864 Goes, Mrs. Amie B. " 1916 1878 Goes, Chester E. B. " 1917 1876 Goes, Mrs. Frank L. R. " 1890 1895 Goes, Frank Loring " 1909 1895 Goes, Frederic L. " 1912 1895 Coggswell, Mrs. Jennie A. 1903 Southbridge 1870 Date Name 1897 Cole, Mrs. Arthur W. 1872 Colton, Miss Mary R. 1898 Colton, Reuben 1896 Conant, Mrs. Abbie S. 1896 Condon, Mrs. Albert O. 1903 Converse, Myron F. 1884 Cook, Herbert A. 1906 Cook, Maurice E. 1900 Cooke, Henry P, 1898 Coombs, Zelotes W. 1894 Cooper, Charles 1901 Cooper, J. Frank 1881 Copeland, Amasa A. 1898 Corey, Edwin S. 1875 Coulson, John 1905 Coulson. Lucy M. 1917 Coulson, Mary A. 1886 Cowan, Thomas B. 1895 Cowan, William H. 1894 Crane, Ellery B. 1909 Creswell, Albert 1906 Crompton, Miss Isabel M. Worcester 1906 Cronin, Thomas J., M.D. 1863 Cross, Courtland H. 1873 Cruickshanks, Mrs. Mary E. Chelsea 1917 Currier, W^alton W\ 1894 Curtis, Edwin P. 1909 Curtis, Miss Mabel 1910 Curtis, William C. 1918 Cutler, U. Waldo Residence Unknown Worcester Boston Waban Holden Worcester Shrewsbury Worcester Brookline Worcester Northboro Worcester Springfield Worcester D Daniels, Mrs. Maria M. W^orcester Darling, Mrs. James F. Saylesville, R. I. Davenport, S. Lothrop N. Grafton Davidson, Mrs. Olive G. Worcester Davis, Mrs. Emma M. " Davis, Gilbert G. Davis, Mrs. James C. Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass. Davis, Joseph M. Worcester Davis, Miss Josephine E. Holden Davis, Mrs. Mary W. Boston, Mass. Davison, J. Ralph Dean, Henry E. Delaney, James Denny, Mrs. Bertha G. Derby, Everett E. Dewey, George T. Dixon, Mrs. Robert W. Dockham, Herbert M. Draper, James E. Drury, Arthur H. Worcester Unknown Worcester Leominster Worcester Holden Boston Unknown ROLL OF MEMBERS 9 Date Name 1869 Dudley, George J. 1918 Duffy, Mrs. Grace E. 1904 Dunn, Mrs. Annie W, 1903 Durkee, Orin P. 1869 Dutcher. Frank J. E 1865 1872 1867 1918 1909 1910 1892 1907 1864 1873 1898 1916 1894 1886 1855 1865 1919 1908 1858 1859 1902 1869 1866 1881 1900 1901 1904 1859 1913 1911 1866 1866 1911 1874 1919 1914 1910 Residence Sutton "Worcester Hopedale Worcester Earle, Miss Sarah F. Eastman, William H. San Francisco, Cal. Eaton. Mrs. Charlotte M. Worcester Edwards, Edward Edwards, Victor E. Eldridg-e, Clifford T. Elwell, Edwin A. Ellsworth, Charles H. Ellsworth, Emory A. Ellsworth, J. Lewis Ellsworth, J. Warren Estabrook, Herbert W Evans, Mrs. Eliza W. Shrewsbury W. Boylston Worcester Barre Worcester Grafton, Vt. Unknown Worcester Westboro Worcester Unknown Grafton Worcester Fairbanks, Alfred N. Falconer, James D. Farnum, Miss Mary J. Farnsworth, Ernest L. Fay, Jonathan W. Ferguson, George A. Ferguson, Henry C. Fish, Charles R. Fisher, Simon E. Fisk, Miss Lydia Fiske, David L. Flagg, Mrs. Mary C. Fobes, Miss Emily K. Forbes, Mrs. Alice M. Forbes, Mrs. Harriett M. Forbes, Percy G. Forbes, Ralph M. Foster, Miss Alia W. Roxbury Foster, Mrs. Emma E. Unknown Francis, Miss Clara Lancaster Francis, Mrs. Rebecca K. Worcester Freeman, Mrs. Florence S. French, Arthur W. Frost, Howard Residence Worcester Amherst Worcester Unknown Shrewsbury Worcester Date Name 1918 Gannon, John F. 1895 Garst, Julius 1900 Gates, Burton N. 1894 Gates, Mrs. Emma N 1895 Gates, William H. 1874 Gibbs, Mrs. Mary E. 1860 Gleason, Charles W. 1867 Gleason, Joseph H. 1915 Gleason, Walter H. 1905 Goddard, Harry W. 1883 Goddard, Mrs. Mary S. 1915 Goodale, Aaron W. Boylston 1867 Gordon, Albert A. Worcester 1865 Gordon, Mrs. Eliz. G. Unknown 1868 Graham, Mrs. Adeline S. Mamaroneck, N. Y. 1906 Graham, George S. Holden 1903 Green, Alfred H. Worcester 1914 Green, Mrs. Bertha A. • " 1910 Green, Miss Clara E. 1895 Green, Charles H. Spencer 1895 Green, J. Elton Berkeley, Cal. 1867 Green, Julia E. Unknown 1863 Green, Mrs. Mary A. M. Worcester 1898 Green, Mrs. William A. 1906 Greene, Joseph K. 1906 Greenwood, Burt W. 1879 Greenwood, Charles 1898 Greenwood, Mrs. Ella E. 1898 Greenwood, Harold J. 1918 Gruver, Harvey S. H 1917 Gage, Homer, M.D. Worcester 1917 Gage, Mrs. Mabel Knowles 1906 Gage, Thomas H. 1903 1864 1882 1891 1880 1903 1899 1906 1867 1898 1910 1910 1897 1867 1903 1912 1867 1871 Hadley, Mrs. Bessie B. Worcester Hadwen, Charles Winnetka, 111. Hall, Edward Worcester Hall, Mrs. Edward Hall, Mrs. Emma G. Hammond, Frederick H., Jr. " Hammond, Miss Mj'ra L. Newport, Vt. Hammond, Winthrop Unknown Hancock, Frederick Hardy, Miss Bertha Worcester Harrington, Emory H. N. Grafton Harrington, Mrs. Emory H. N. Grafton Harrington, Francis A. Worcester Harrington, Mrs. Stephen Unknown Harris, C. A. N. Leominster Harris, Clifford R. Millbury Harris, Mrs. Gideon Unknown Harris, Warren Millbury 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Date 1894 1894 1860 1902 1907 1916 1915 1897 1914 1864 1882 1894 1894 1894 1891 1904 1904 1906 1897 1918 1909 1906 1894 1882 1899 1880 1895 1894 1897 1894 1901 1902 1914 1913 1918 1902 1911 1858 1915 1909 Name Hartshorn, Mrs. Residence Annie M. Worcester Hartshorn, Arthur E. Hartshorn, John W. New London, Conn. Haskell, Mrs. Mattie M. Northboro Hatch, Georg-e S. Worcester Hawkes, Rev. Albert S. Hawkins, Miss Mary Louise Lancaster Haynes, Mrs. Frank W. Worcester Haynes, George H. " Healey, Michael Unknown Henderson, Mrs. Anna E. Worcester Henderson, Miss Anna M. Henderson, Miss Eleanor G. " Henderson, Miss Ida J. " Henry, John E. Westboro Henry, Miss Mary C. Worcester Herbert, Mrs. John F. J. " Hersey, Ev'erett A. Westboro Higgins, Edwin W. Unknown Hildreth, Andrew G. Worcester Hildreth. Mrs. Sarah A. New York Hiscox, George W. Worcester Hixon, Allyne AV. " Hixon, Mrs. Caroline A. Hixon, Mrs. Fannie Hixon, Mrs. Fannie E. N. Carolina Hodge, Clifton F. Unknown Hodsdon, William M. " Holland, Frank M. Shrewsbury Holton, Mrs. Florence E. Leicester Hopkins, Mrs. Orrin S. Worcester Howe, Daniel A. Howe, George H. " Howe, John R. Howe, William C. Howland, Clarence J. Date Name 1908 Jacques, George A. 1916 Jenkins, Allan J. 1856 Jewett, Darwin E. 1896 Jewett, Warren C. 1894 Johnson, Asa T. 1907 Johnson, E. Baxter 1907 Johnson, Mrs. E. Ba 1867 Johnson, John F. 1913 Johnson, J. Henry 1913 Johnson, Mrs. Mary 1911 Johnson, Theodore S 1864 Jordan, Mrs. Abby S. K Residence W^orcester Shrewsbury Westboro Worcester Unknown Worcester xter " Northboro Leominster F. Worcester Worcester Hoyle, Alonzo F. Hunt, Francis W. Hunting, Arthur I Hurlburt N. Brookfield Worcester E. Douglas W. Boylston Mrs. William F. Worcester 1898 Kelley, Mrs. Mary S. 1910 Kelley, Michael H. 1905 Kelsey, Millard F. 1916 Kendall, Mrs. Emma C. 1892 Kendall. Louis J. 1908 Kendall, Wallace A. 1907 Keyes, George H. W. Boylston 1858 Keyes, W. W. 1902 Kilton, Winfield S. Worcester 1902 Kilton, Mrs. Winfield S. 1893 Kimmens, Gilbert A. Beverly 1896 King, Mrs. Emma A. W. Millbury 1893 King, Mrs. Hattie L. Worcester 1892 King, Simeon E. W. Millbury 1867 Kinney, Mrs. Eunice A. Worcester 1910 Kinney, George H. 1899 Kinney, Henry E. 1891 Kinney, Herbert R. 1897 Kinney, Mrs. Lillian R. 1909 Kinney, Robert F. 1906 Kinnicutt, Mrs. Francis A. 1905 Knapp, Mrs. Annie E. 1913 Knight, Alfred H. Shrewsbury 1910 Knight, Asa E. W. Boylston 1915 Knight, Lee E. Worcester 1912 Knight, Mrs. Sara G. Holden 1905 Knowlton, ;Mrs. Almena M. Shrewsbury 1909 Knowlton, George W. W. Upton 1896 Inches, George B. 1896 Inches, Mrs. George B. 1916 Ives, Lester A. 1891 Jackson, Joseph 1875 Jacques, Benjamin C. N. Grafton Worcester Worcester 1896 Ladd, Mrs. Alice L. 1910 Ladd, Mrs. Charlotte R. 1867 Lamb, Mrs. Laura A. 1887 Lange, Albert H. 1916 Lange, Herman F. A. 1898 Lawrence, Frank E. 1918 Lee, Clarence E. Worcester F. Sturbridge Worcester Northboro New Milford, Conn. ROLL OF MEMBERS 11 M. Residence Worcester Unknown Date Name 1900 Lewis, Homer P. 1864 Lincoln, Miss Annie 1864 Lincoln, Mrs. Fanny 1854 Lincoln, Miss Francis M. Worcester 1870 Lincoln, Miss Helen Europe 1865 Lincoln, Marston Denver, Colo. 1872 Lincoln, Pelham L. 1860 Lincoln, Waldo 1911 Linell, Mrs. Hilda 1893 Littlefield, Henry F. 1854 Lonergan, Patrick 1870 Lovell, Mrs. Abby M. N 1861 Lovell, Albert A. 1884 Lovell, Henry 1854 Lovell, Mrs. Mary E. 1900 Lowell, Alfred S. 1915 Loynd, William 1867 Lyman, Mrs. John Cleveland, O. Worcester Chelmsford Medfield Worcester Unknown Worcester Grafton Unknown M 1918 1896 1899 1887 1882 1867 1898 1899 1854 1903 1872 1866 1899 1904 1884 1854 1854 1865 1907 1906 1911 1906 1896 1915 1867 1903 1918 1911 1916 1899 Worcester Unknown Worcester Maclnnes, Mrs. Eva E. Madaus, Frederick B. Mag-oon, A. C. Marble, Arthur J. Marble, Edward F. Ring-gold, Fla. Martin, Miss M. W. Unknown Maynard, Mrs. Marcella A. Auburn McAllister, William Whitinsville McFarland, H. Framingham McLeod, Mrs. Emma L. Brighton Mclntire, Benjamin F. Millbury McPherson, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Pasadena. Cal. McWilliam, Mrs. Belle Nova Scotia Mentzer, Thornton E, Northboro Merrifleld, Mrs. Georgiana S. Oakham Merrifleld, Henry K. Worcester Merrifleld, William F. Brookline Messinger, Frank L. Worcester Metcalf, Mrs. Emmagene Worcester Middlemas, Mrs. Clara J. Midgley, Mrs. Clara E. Midgley, Fred Midgley, Leonard C. Miller, Allan B. Miller, Mrs. Ebenezer Mills, Mrs. Mabel Mills, Mrs. Sarah M. Mirick, Mrs. Anita L. Mitchell, James Moen, Mrs. Margaret B. Unknown Worcester Date Name 1911 Moore, Miss Anna M. 1886 Moore, Elliott 1906 Moore, Harrison W. 1894 Moore, H. Ward 1854 Moore. J. H. 1906 Moore, Josiah L. 1866 Morey, Oliver S. 1911 Morgan, Charles H. 1912 Morgan, Mrs. Jessie F 1913 Morgan, Paul B. 1896 Morrill, Mrs. Carrie W. 1867 Morse, Mrs. C. D. 1880 Morse, Miss Fanny C. 1915 Morse, Miss Mary S. 1910 Mortimer, Edmund 1911 Mullikin, George B. 1909 Murdock, David C. N 1898 1883 1880 1867 1910 1898 1897 1896 1867 1915 1909 Neale. Mrs. Charles E. Neilson, John Nelson, Miss Louisa B. Newell, Mrs. Ann M. Newell, J. Albert Newell, Mrs. Sadie J. Newhall, George N. Newton, Benjamin S. Newton, Miss S. E. Nichols, Brayton Norcross, William E. 1906 O'Connell, Daniel 1854 Olney, Mrs. Richard 1894 Orpet, Edward 1879 Overend, Walter E. Residence Worcester Charlton Northboro Shrewsbury Worcester Millbury Worcester Lancaster Grafton Worcester Shrewsbury Worcester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester Unknown Worcester Worcester Unknown Chico, Cal. Spencer 1912 Paine, Miss Alice 1867 Parker, Mrs. Aaron 1875 Parker, Mrs. Adelaide 1896 Parker, Frank C. 1874 Parker, Henry L. 1897 Parker, Mrs. Kate E. 1896 Parsons, Norman B. 1854 Partridge, Joseph L. 1912 Perry, Mrs. Charles S. 1864 Perry, Mrs. Marion V. Providence, R. I. 1908 Perry, Roger N. Worcester 1903 Peters, Mrs. Carrie M. 1894 Peters, Lewis A. Pasco, Wash. 1907 Peters, Mrs. Minnie A. Leicester 1913 Phelon, Joseph O. Worcester 1878 Phelps, Mrs. Lydia G. Worcester Unknown Worcester Holden Worcester Boston Worcester 12 AVORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Date Name 1865 Phelps, Miss Mary R. 1876 Phelps, William E. 1864 Phillips, Miss Mariann 1902 Pierce, Mrs. Nancy D. 1918 Pinkerton, Alfred S. 1909 Pollard, Albert T. 1875 Pollard, Edward C. 1909 Pollard, John 1907 Pollard, Mrs. Thomas 1892 Pond, Mrs. Sarah F. 1909 Porter, James P. 1886 Porter, Miss Juliet 1888 Potter, Burton W. 1894 Potter, Mrs. Burton W. 1905 Potter, Charles 1901 Powell, Albert M. 1905 Powers, Edwin U. 1893 Powers, Miss Sarah H. 1904 Prairie, Mrs. Jessie E. 1865 Pratt, Miss Emma A. 1865 Pratt, Frederick S. 1912 Prescott, Francis 1912 Prescott, Miss Lucy E. 1916 Putnam, Mrs. Harriet 1901 Putnam, Oliver J. 1878 Quimby, Hosea M. 1890 Quinn, J. Frank Residence Worcester e Unknown Worcester Canton, O. Unknown Worcester Canton, O. Worcester W. Boylston Unknown Leominster Worcester Shrewsbury Worcester Grafton Newton W. Worcester Leominster Worcester Unknown 1913 1905 1896 1905 1904 1906 1903 1893 1880 1914 1879 1866 1912 1881 1906 1871 1863 1895 1915 1898 Worcester R Randall, Harry I. Randall, Miss Josephine A. Sterling- Rathbun, Edward Worcester Rebboli, Antoni F. Record, Mrs. Clara E. W. Boylston Redemann, Mrs. Minnie Ellam Watertown, Mass. Reed, Fred J. Shrewsbury Reed, Karl B. Seattle, Wash. Rice, Abner Unknown Rice, Mrs. Anna Bertha Worcester Rice, George C. Rice, Miss S. Elizabeth Rice, Walter A. Rich, Mrs. Annie P. Rich, Robert B. Richardson, Clifford Richardson, Miss Unknown Worcester Boston Worcester New Y'ork Fannie A. Unknown Robinson, Charles H. Worcester Rog-ers, George H. Westboro Rood, Miss Clara B. Worcester Date Name Residence 1905 Roper, Mrs. Annie H. Sterling- 1916 Ross, H. Wilson Newton Centre 1915 Ross, Mrs. Walter D. Worcester 1896 Ross, Walter D. 1890 Rugg, Arthur P. 1916 Rugg-, Charles B. 1906 Rugg, O. Willis 1903 Russell, Charles R. Unknown 1903 Russell, W. S. West Upton 1901 Sanborn, Miss Edith V. Putnam, Conn. Sarg-ent, Mrs. Lura I. Worcester Sawyer, Frank H. " Sawyer, Mrs. Jennie E. Schneider, Albert W. S. Lancaster 1882 1917 1910 1914 1S66 1864 Scott, Miss Alice Searles, Miss Lydia 1899 1911 1916 1917 1868 1916 1880 1906 1865 1913 1879 1899 1867 1881 1871 1886 1873 1900 1894 1911 1893 1892 1877 1906 1901 1896 1896 1867 1909 1867 1867 1867 1910 1919 1911 1911 Sears, Mrs. Mary E. Shepard, Harry C. Sherer, Joseph F. Sibley, Willis E. Skinner, Miss Kate J. Smith, Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Charles D. Smith, Mrs. Edward L. Smith, Miss Harriet A. Smith, Harry W. Smith, Miss J. F. Smith, Mrs. Jennie L. Smith, Mrs. Sarah M. Smith, Thomas Spinney^ George Sprague, Horace E. Sprague, Mrs. Jennie B. Sprague, Wallace Stanley, Mrs. Annie M. Stanley, William K. Stevens, Henry E. Stockwell, James W. Stone, Charles W. Stone, Miss Florence M. Stone, Fred J. Stone, George E. Stone, George E. Stone, Georg-e H. Stone, Herbert J. Stone, Miss Lizzie Stone, Mrs. Lottie J Stone, Miss Mary A. Stone, Ralph J. Storey, Georg-e F. E. Stowe, G. Burton Stowe, Georg-e I. Worcester A. Wilkinsonville Worcester Sturbridg-e Worcester Unknown Worcester N. Grafton Unknown Worcester Unknown Worcester Boston Worcester Unknown . Worcester Shrewsbury Amherst Shrewsbury Unknown Shrewsbury Unknown Worcester W. Millbury ROLL OF MP:MBERS 13 Date Name Residence 1914 Sullivan, Daniel J. N. Grafton 1911 Sumner, Howard E. Worcester 1901 Talbot, C. E. Uxbridge 1911 Tatman, Charles T. Worcester 1902 Taylor, Marvin M. 1907 Thayer, Charles S. 1899 Thayer, Henry W. 1910 Thayer, Warren L. 1902 Thayer, William P. 1864 Tolman, Mrs. Emily A. 1865 Tower, Miss Addie L 1910 Townsend, Henry E. 1907 Tracey, Charles H. 1867 Trask, Mrs. F. J. 1918 Tuck, Mrs. Jessie 1902 Tucker, Miss Arabella H. 1919 Tupper, Clarence E. 1905 Tyson, Samuel H. u 1866 Underwood, Mrs. Annie E. Shrewsbury 1854 Utley, Mrs. Eliza J. Worcester Unknown W. Boylston Worcester Leicester Worcester V 1905 Van Leeuwen, Adrian, Ji w 1910 1913 1873 1897 1909 1897 1910 1910 1903 1917 1901 Wadsworth, Hartley Walker, Oakley S. Ward, Frederick W. Ward, Mrs. Lillian A. Ward, Ralph W. Cottage Warner, Frank H. Warren, Mrs. Annie R. Warren, Charles H. Warren, Mrs. Ida L. Warren, Miss Olive A. Waters, Edward A. Worcester Holden Worcester Holden Grove, Ore. Unknown Worcester Leicester Northboro W. Boylston Date Name Residence 1896 Watson, Mrs. Annie E. Worcester 1897 Watson, John B. 1882 Watts, Mrs. Annie De B. Leicester 1894 Watts, Edward J. Worcester 1880 Watts, Henry B. Leicester 1891 Watts, Walter G., Silver Bay, N. Y. 1907 Webb, Mrs. Josie K. Worcester 1895 Weeks, Elsie A. Unknown 1897 Weir, Miss Eliz. T. Worcester 1916 Wesson, Alfred W. 1885 Wesson, Frederic H. 1905 Wheeler, D. E. Leominster 1908 Wheeler, Mrs. Edwin W. Worcester 1910 AVheeler, Mrs. Sarah A. Berlin 1887 Wheeler, William J. Worcester 1854 Wheelock, William A. Dudley 1910 Whitcomb, Mrs. G. Henry Worcester 1895 White, A. Avery 1912 White, Charles H. Maine 1906 White, Fred W. Southbridge 1854 White, George W., Cambridge 1914 White, Mrs. Herbert L. Shrewsbury 1899 White, Mrs. J. D. Unknown 1872 White, Miss Lizzie 1863 White, William 1854 Whiting, B. D. Boston 1918 Whiting, Winfred H. Worcester 1908 Whitmore, Willard S. 1875 Whittall, Matthew J. Shrewsbury 1855 Whittier, C. V. Northbridge 1900 Whittum, Miss Ellie H. Worcester 1901 Whyte, Miss Mary J. Roxbury 1894 Wright, Stanley G. Unknown 1894 Wilder, Mrs. Annie Worcester 1912 Wilson, Edgar M. 1913 Wilson. J. Fred 1900 Williams, Mrs. Amey H. Allston 1867 Williams, Mrs. Hartley Unknown 1905 Williams, Mrs. Jennie E. Northbridge 1871 Willis, Miss Clara Worcester 1913 Winn, Willard A. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Residence Date Name Date Name 1888 Winslow, Samuel E. Worcester 1909 Wood, Charles H. Shrewsbury 1894 Wood, Charles M. Upton 1901 Wood, Charles W^ Shrewsbury 1916 Wood, Hamilton B. Worcester 1886 Wood, W^illiam J. 1903 Woods, Arthur W. 1903 Woodward, Samuel B., M.D. " Residence 1870 Workman, Mrs. Fannie B. Himalayan Mountains 1875 Workman, William 1862 W^yman, Miss Agnes 1907 Wyman, Ester E. 1889 Yanchoukoski, John Unknown Shrewsbury Barre Worcester HONOKAEY MEMBERS Date Name Residence Date Name Residence 1876 Sargent, Charles E. Brookline 1913 Thayer, Mrs. Bayard S. Lancaster SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worce^er County Horticultural Society For the year 1919 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE WORCESTER CODNTY flORTICULTDRAL SOCIETY For the Year 1919 president: CHARLES GREENWOOD, of Worcester. VICE-PBEBIDENTS : LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Worcester; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton; ALFRED H. KNIGHT, of Shrewsbury. becretabt: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. libbabian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. tbeasubeb: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. tbxjstees: Josepli A. Allen, Harding Allen, Henry B. Watts, Edgar M. Bruce, Henry W. Carter, William McAllister, Edward W. Breed, Herbert A. Cook, Benn M. Chamberlain, Charles W. Wood, William Anderson, Fred L. Chamberlain, Harry W. Goddard, J. Lewis Ellsworth, Allyne W. Hixon, Auburn Barre Leicester Leominster Millbury Whitinsville Clinton Shrewsbury Holden Shrewsbury S. Lancaster Worcester Mrs. Homer Gage, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Walter D. Ross, Fred H. Chamberlain, Henrj' H. Browning, Joseph K. Greene, Louis J. Kendall, H. Ward Moore, Burton W. Potter, George C. Rice, Howard E. Sumner, WiUiam J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Simon E. Fisher, Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES. ON finance: Myron F. Converse, 1919, Chairman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1921. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. ON nomenclature: Herbert A. Cook, Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice, ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, H. Ward Moore, Simon E. Fisher, William J. Wheeler, Albert H. Lange, Leonard C. Midgley. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lucy M. Coulson, Arthur E. Hartshorn. President, Charles Greenwood, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney, Benjamin C. Jaques, AUDITORS. H. Ward Moore, JUDGES. Arthur H. Bellows- Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Alfred H. Green, Worcester, Or Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Of Vegetables: Charles Greenwood, Worcester. Albert H. Lange, MEDAL COMMITTEE President, Charles Greenwood, ON WINTER MEETINGS Leonard C. Midgley. Joseph K. Greene, Chairman, Myron F. Converse Walter D. Rosa, President , Cha-rlea Greenwood, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1919 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Commonwealth Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS. 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premium must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per- mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 5.30 o'clock. 9. Competition iovj premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 12. Where a certain number or quantit}^ of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 14. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 15. All articles offered for premium must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby - violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 16. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 17. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to presbnt specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 1919] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 3 18. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foHage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 19. Xo Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in am' such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. fi^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 20. Xo Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 21. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worth}' exhibits not receiving a premium. 22. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the oflicial year shall be forfeited to the Society. 23. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 24. ''Downing's Fruits of America,'* revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 25. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points. CUT FLOWERS AXD WILD FLOWERS.— Arrangement, Quality of blooms, Xumber of varieties, Properly named. 30 points 25 25 20 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, 30 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 25 " Arrangement, 25 " Properly named, 20 " DISPLAYS.— Arrangement, 40 " Quality, 30 " Variety, 30 " COLLECTIONS.— QuaUty, 40 AiTangement, 30 " Variety, 30 " 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. S1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of Books. 1898. William Fames Fund. S500.00. Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906, Fred A. Blake Fund. S1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. S1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers? Fruits and Vegetables. FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1919 8^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 6. 6. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE ELEVEN BLOOMS : Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Several flowers on a single erect stem. Examples: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties w^ritten on the entry cards. Notice of w^hich will be taken by the judges in award- ing THE PREMIUMS. 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the Judges will not exclupe an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all EXHIBITIONS OF Lilies the pollen may be re- moved. By vote of the Trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. \ spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 13, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 14, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT flowers- No. 1. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 CARNATIONS, 10 vases.— No. 2. Ten flowers in a vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Twenty vases, 4.00 3.00 2.00 AZALEA INDICA, in bloom.— No. 4. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Collection, potted plants, 5.00 3.00 2.00 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 7. One plant, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, IN bloom.— ' No. 8. Six plants, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PRIMULA, IN BLOOM.— No. 9. Collection of potted plants, 5.00 3.00 2.00 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS BASKET.— No. 10. Open face, NARCISSUS.— No. 11. Twenty vases, VIOLETS.— No. 12. 100 in Bunch, PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 13. SI 00.00 may be used for prizes. Notify Secretary two days in advance. RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 14. Any variety, BEET.— No. 15. Twelve specimens, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 16. Red, No. 17. Savoy, No. 18. An}' other variety named, PARSLEY.— No. 19. One-half peck, CARROT.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, CELERY.— No. 21. Six specimens, LETTUCE.— No. 22. Six heads, MUSHROOINI.- No. 23. Twelve specimens, 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 .50 .50 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 8 WORCESTER COUNTT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 24. Hubbard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 25. Any other variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 26. Yellow Swede, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 27. White Swede, 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 28. White Egg, 1.50 LOO .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. No. 29. Any variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLES.— No. 30. Displaj^ not to exceed five varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 31. Baldwin, 2.00 1.50 LOO .50 No. 32. Sutton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 33. Northern Spy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 34. Palmer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 35. Roxbury Russet, 2.00 1.50 LOO .50 No. 36. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 15 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 37. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 38. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 39. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 40. Display, Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 41. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 42. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 43. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, no restric- tions, 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 44. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. • CARNATIONS.— No. 45. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Silver Medal. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 DANDELION.— No. 46. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 47. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 48. Hollow Crown, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 49. Other varieties, 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 50. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 51. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 52. Linnaeus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve SPECIMENS each. No. 53. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 54. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 12 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 55. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, S3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Xo. 56. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor cultm-e, twenty vases. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, forty vases. — No. 57. XodupHcates, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 58. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 IRIS, GERMAN. No. 59. Ten vases, 3.00^2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 60. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 PiEONIA.— No. 61. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGONIAS, IX BLOOM.— No. 62. Four eight inch pots or pans, 3.00 2.00 1.00 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries.— No. 63. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS. TWO bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 6-4. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 65. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 66. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. No. 67. Monarch, No. 68. Victoria, BEET.— No. 69. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 19 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 70. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BASKET.— No. 71. Open face, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 72. No restrictions as to ar- rangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. ROSES.— No. 73. Hybrid Perpetual, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 74. H^^brid Tea, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 75. Twenty vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 76. May Duke, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 77. Glen Mary, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 78. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 79. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 80. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET.— No. 81. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 SPINACH.— No. 82. One-half peck, LETTUCE.— No. 83. Six heads, PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 84. Any variety named, ONION.— No. 85. Two bunches, six each. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 Rose Exhibition Thiursday, June 26 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 86. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses,outdoor culture, $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 87. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 88. Collection of cut roses, 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 89. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 90. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells). — No. 91. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PiEONIA.— No. 92. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 93. Display of outdoor varieties, Silver Medal 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1919 HYDRANGEA.— No. 94. One plant in bloom, 2.00 1.50 1.00 DIANTHUS ^BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 95. Twenty vases, one truss in a vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 96. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 97. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 98. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 99. Barrymore, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 100. Meteor, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 101. Collection not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 102. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varie- ties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 103. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 107. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 108. Gradus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 109. Thomas Laxton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 17 CUCUMBERS.— No. 110. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 111. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 112. Covering 16 square feet. $10.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 10 DELPHINIUM.— No. 113. Twenty vases, one i each, LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 114. Twelve vases, one each, WILD FLOWERS.— No. 115. Forty vases, JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 116. Twenty vases,'^one each, STRAWBERRY.— No. 117. Best_display, CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 118. Black Eagle, No. 119. Downer's^Late^Red, russ in 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 spike in 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 t spike^in 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19 No. 120. Montmorency, 1.50 1.00 No. 121. Best display, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 122. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 123. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 124. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 125. Perfection, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 126. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 127. Versaillaise, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 128. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 129. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 130. Two bunches, six in each, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, HALF PECK. No. 131. Wax, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 132. Green Pod, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 133. Admiral Dewey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 134. Telephone, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 135. Varieties not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 136. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 17 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 137. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 138. One vase, 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 139. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 1-40. Collection of Sweet Peas, Silver Medal No. 141. Tabledecorationof Sweet Peas, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 142. Cuthbert, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one qu.uit — No. 145. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, twenty-four bunches. — No. 146. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 147. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens. — No. 148. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 149. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 24 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 150. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 151. Ten vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. SWEET PEAS.— No. 152. Open faced basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 153. Ten vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 154. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 155. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 156. Sweet Bough, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 157. Any variety named, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 158. Early Harvest, 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, twelve ears. — No. 159. Sweet, any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 160. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 161. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 162. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 163. Covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 31 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 164. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ANTIRRHINUMS, snap dragon.— No. 165. Twenty vases, five branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 166. Twent}^ vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 167. Twenty vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 168. Yellow Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. — ■ No. 169. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart- No. 170. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 171. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 172. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS, 25 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS- No. 173. Hebron, No. 174. Irish Cobbler, No. 175. Rose, No. 176. Varieties not scheduled, LETTUCE.— No. 177. Twelve heads, CORN.— No. 178. Twelve ears. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 7 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 179. Twenty vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 180. Ten vases, 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 181. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 182. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PEREXXIAL. No. 183. Twelve vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CAXXA (named).— No. 184. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMEXS.— No. 185. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 186. Oldenburg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 187. For varieties not scheduled, three doUars may be used forjprizes. 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 188. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 189. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 190. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 191. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 193. Not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 194. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 14 CUT FLOWERS.— Xo. 195. One large vase, no restric- tions as to arrangement, 83.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— Xo. 196. Comet. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, .3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Xo. 197. Pompon, Twenty vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 Xo. 19S. Any other variety. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXIXIA, ANY GREEX ALLOWMBLE. Xo. 199. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 ZIXXIA.— Xo. 200. Twenty vases. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE. TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 201. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 202. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 203. Golden Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 204. Clapp's Favorite. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 205. WaddeU, 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 206. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 207. Pole, any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 208. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, CROSBY. — No. 209. Twelve ears, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH.— No. 210. Any variety named (except- ing summer varieties), three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 211. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 21 GLADIOLUS.— No. 212. Collection, varieties not disseminated, Silver Medal ASTERS.— No. 213. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, So. 00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 214. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 215. Twenty vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 216. Collection, notify the Secretarj^ two days in advance, 5.00 3.00 2.00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 217. Forty vases, no duplicates, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 218. Twenty vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 219. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 220. Varieties not scheduled, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 221. Assomption, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 222. Petite Marguerite, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 223. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 224. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 225. Carman, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 226. Cooledge, 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 227. . Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 228. Shell, . 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 229. String, ^ 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 230. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. N(J. 231. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 232. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Thursday, August 28 DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 233. Not to exceed 30 square feet, . $5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. LILIES.— No. 234. Display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CANNA.— No. 235. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. — No. 236. Vase of 20 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 237. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 238. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 239. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 240. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 241. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .§0 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 243. Moore's Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 244. Bradshaw, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 246. Washington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No 247 Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 50 No. 248. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .ou No. 249. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .OU No. 250. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 251. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DWARF LIMA BEANS, one-half peck.— No. 252. Any variety. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, SWEET. — No. 253. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows. 2.00 1.50 1.00 OU PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 254. Squash, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 255. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 256. Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 257. Display covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 4 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties. — Xo. 25S. Twenty vases, $3.00 2..50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— Xo. 259. Ten vases. 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the j'ear. GLADIOLUS.— Xo. 260. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGOXIA, TrBEROus rooted. — Xo. 261. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. Xo. 262. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— Xo. 263. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, twt:lve specimens. — Xo. 264. Foundling, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 265. Holden or Fall Orange 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 266. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 267. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 X'o. 268. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 269. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 270. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35 No. 271. For Japanese, varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 272. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 273. Crawford (early), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 275. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (NAMEd), SIX SPECIMENS. No. 276. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 277. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES.— No. 278. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 11 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 279. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 280. No restrictions as to shape, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 281. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 282. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 POMPON. No. 283. Twenty vases, three sprays in each, 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. No. 284. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 285. Gravenstein, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 286. Maiden's blush, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 287. Porter, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 288. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 37 APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. . No. 289. Hyslop, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 290. Bartlett, 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 291. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 292. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 293. Elberta, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 294. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 295. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars msiy be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 296. Coe's Golden Drop, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 297. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 298. Green Mountain, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 299. Moore's, 1.50 1.00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 300. Green Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 301. Yellow Flesh, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 302. Water, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 303. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, HALF PECK. No. 304. Large Lima, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 38 WORCESTEK COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 EGG PLANT.— No. 305. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 306. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. Thursday, September 18 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 307. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 308. Round basket, • 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 309. Twenty vases, three flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 310. Fifty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA, SEEDLINGS. — No. 311. One vase, 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 312. American Beauty or Sterling, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 313. Mother, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 314. Twenty-ounce, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 316. Urbaniste, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 317. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No 318. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 319. Satsuma, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 320. Pond's Seedling, 1.50 1.00 .50 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 321. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 322. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 323. Golden Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 324. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 325. Paris Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 326. Other varieties, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 327. Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 328. Savoy, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 329. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 330. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, September 25 This Exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 331. Twenty vases, S3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 COSMOS.— No. 332. One large vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELOSIA.— No. 333. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 334. Hubbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 335. Pewaukee, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 336. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 337. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 338. Superfin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 339. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 340. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 341. Crawford (late), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Stump the World, 1.50 1.00 .50 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. i> u. o^o. JDll^il LUiJLj 1.50 1.00 .50 ICk TYl T* r»£il 1 1.50 1.00 .50 Nn ^4^ T .in riloir J-illiLllcy J 1.50 1.00 .50 No ^4(\ 1.50 1.00 .50 Nn ^47 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Nn '^45^ i> u. o-±o. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 INC. o4y. Delaware, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 350. Niagara, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 351. Pocklington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 352. ]\Ioore's Diamond, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 353. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 354. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 355. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 356. Not to exceed 16 square feet, S30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 357. Collection not to exceed 25 vari- eties, 840.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 9 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. FERNS.— No. 358. Displa}^, potted plants, named varieties, 5.00 3.00 2.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 359. Cut flowers in any form, S35.0^ may be awarded in prizes. CHRYSANTHEMUM .— No. 360. Display, outdoor culture, 5.00 3.00 2.00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD APPLE BOX. No. 36L Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 LOO .50 No. 362. Any other variety, 4.00 3.00 2.00 LOO .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 363. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 L50 1.00 .50 No. 364. Bellflower, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 365. Sutton Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 366. Tompkins King, 2.00 1.50 LOO .50 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 X cXilLCXi W cl Ut/i J 1 PiO 1 00 i.UU .ou No .Sfi8 1 ^0 1 00 .ou No /ifiQ T^onnH Swppt 1 x.ijyj 1 00 p;o .ou No ^iTO T? T rrrppniri cr Xi/. X. VJiCCliill^j *^ no 9 00 1 '^O 1 00 t^O .ou JNo. o/i. Mcintosn, A oo o oo 4.UU o.UU o oo Z.UU 1 CO 1 oo 1.00 .50 No. 872. Northern Spy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 373. Palmer, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 374. Roxbury Russet, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 375. Canada Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 376. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 377. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 378. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, twelve dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS.- No. 379. Angouleme, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 380. Clairgeau, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 381. Dana's Hovey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 382. Langelier, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 383. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 384. Winter Nelis, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 385. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 386. Cornice, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 387. Onondaga, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 388. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 389. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 390. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 391. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 45 No. 392. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 393. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 394. Champion, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 395. Half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 396. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 397. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 398. Giant Pascal, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 399. Golden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 400. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ENDIVE.— No. 401. Six specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 402. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No 403. Red Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 404. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 405. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 406. Hollow CrowTi, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 407. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 PARSLEY.— No. 408. Half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PU^MPKIX, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 409. Sweet, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SALSIFY.— Xo. 410. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMEXS. Xo. 411. Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 412. Bay State, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 413. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURXIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — Xo. 414. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 415. White Egg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TURXIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — Xo. 416. White Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 417. Yellow Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORX.— Xo. 418. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 GRAIXS.— Xo. 419. Best exhibit, five dollars ma}' be used for prizes. FIELD BEAXS.— Xo. 420. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 6, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 7, open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 421. Twelve blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, 18.00 5.00 3.00 No. 422. Six blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 423. Best bloom, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 424. Collection of large blooms, long stems, arranged in vases covering a circular table 7 ft. in diameter, 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 425. Pompons, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 426. Single varieties, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 427. Potted plants grown in 10 in. pots, 6 best, 10.00 8.00 6.00 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1919 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS.— No, 428. $30.00 27.50 25.00 20.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, Nov. 1. No. 429. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $40.00 may be used for prizes. No. 430. For best table decora- tions, laid for four covers (no restrictions), 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT. Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 431. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibi- tors may elect, $30 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 432. Fancy Basket of Apples, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 433. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. WILLIAM FAMES FUND. A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, $2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 1919] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 49 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, ' 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 JL ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 3, 1919. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1919. EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1919 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Children's Exhibition Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition ( Thursday, March 13, 3 to 10 p. m. 1 Friday, March 14, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 15, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 26, 3 to 9 p. m. Saturday, August 23 and September 20 Thursday, September 25, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 9, 3 to 9 p. m. f Thursday, November 6, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 7, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Regular weekly exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday afternoons, open to the public from 3 to 5.30 p. m.: June 12, 19; July 10, 17, 24, 31; August 7, 14, 21, 28; September 4, 11, 18. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble Albert H. Lange H. Ward Moore Leonard C. Midgley Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William J. Wheeler Lucy M. Coulson Arthur E. Hartshorn President, Charles Greenwood Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Transactions of the Worcester County Horticultural Society Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the Year Ending December 1, 1920 Worcester, Mass. THE STOBBS PRESS 25 Foster Street 1922 ■# OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1920 PRESIDENT : LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Worcester VICE presidents: ALBERT H. LANGE, of Worcester; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton HERBERT A. COOK, of Shrewsbury. secretary : HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall. 18 Front Street. librarian : Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. treasurer : BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. trustees : Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Edgar M. Bruce Benn M. Chamberlain Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister Henry B. Watts Charles W. Wood George S. Barton Henry H. Browning Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain J. Lewis Ellsworth Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Leominster Holden Shrewsbury Whitinsville Leicester Shrewsbury Worcester Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Joseph K. Greene C'jaries Greenwood AUyne W. Hixon Louis J Kendall H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Georsje C. Rice Walter D. Ross Mrs. Amy W. Smith Howard E. Summer Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING COMMITTEES ON finance: Myron F. Converse, 1922, Chariman, Arthur E. Hartshorn, 1920, Leonard C. Midgley, 1921. ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Kinney, William Anderson, Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, Arthur J. Marble, William J. Wheeler. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes ON nomenclature: Charles Greenwood. Henry E. Kinney, Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson ON arrangements and exhibitions: Albert H. Lange. Chairman H. Ward Moore, Edward W. Breed, Lucy M. Coulson, Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice Simon E. Fisher, Allen J. Jenkins, Arthur E. Hartshorn. President, Leonard C. Midgley Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney AUDITORS Benjamin C. Jacques. H. Ward Moore, Arthur H. Bellows. JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Alfred H. Green, Worcester, Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange. Chairmc Herbert A. Cook Leonard C. Midgley, Chairmai Walter D. Ross President, Leonard C. Midgley ON WINTER MEETINGS J Joseph K. Greene Myron F. Converse Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1920 Report of President Page 4 Report of Secretary " 5 Report of Librarian " n Report of Treasurer " 13 Report of Finance Committee " 16 Report of Arrangements and Exhibitions " 17 Report of Judge of Fruit " 19 Report of Judge of Vegetables " 20 Report of Medal Committee " 21 LECTURES— Department of Markets — Mr. Willard A. Munson, Boston. Lecture — Orchard Problems — Prof. Fred C. Sears, Amherst, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — Lilies and Iris — Mr. Arthur Herrington, Madison, New Jersey. Ladies' Day — Mrs. Leonard C. Midgley, Mrs. Herbert R. Kinney Mrs. Walter D. Ross, Committee in Charge. Lecture — Some Things that Our Experiments Indicate — Prof. Harold F. Thompson, Arlington, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — The Maine Woods — Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Illustrated Lecture — Horticulture in South America — Rev. Charles E. Spaulding, Worcester, Mass. Annual Reunion WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULRURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December 1, 1920 President's Report MEMBERS OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: It is with pleasure I present my report, at this, the first Annual meeting, as President of this Society. The season has been most remarkable; no frost to speak of through September and October, which was very favorable to farmers; on account of the late season, the latter shows were better than those at the first of the season; the quality of the exhibits was fine. We have had several new members this year, whom, I think, will be a great help to the Society. We need more enthusiasm. Of course there are the faithful few who do much to make our exhibits successful, but we need more exhibitors and I would suggest that we all try to get some new ones to come in. A word about the Library. We have a splendid library, and the Committee is all the time adding new books and periodicals. I wish not only members, but others might be benefited more by it. The interest in our Winter meetings is not what it should be, with the interesting and instructive lectures given, perhaps it would be well to have one, possibly two, each month instead of weekly. I would advise being careful with the appropriation this year because in a short time we must spend considerable money on the Hall if we intend to have a good place to meet and to rent to ad- vantage. It is with much sorrow that I speak of the loss the Society has met with in the death of Ex-President, Arthur E. Hartshorn. He was very much interested in the Society and held all of the responsible positions. I can only say that he will be deeply missed and his place will be hard to fill — also in the death of Louis J. Kendall. These are the type of men the Society cannot afford to lose. Through the war work that has been done by the people during the last few years Horticulture has come to the front as never before and the interest started I feel sure will never cease. In closing, let me say that we "carry on" with renewed interest and enthusiasm the traditions for which this honored Society stands. Respectfully submitted, December 1, 1920. LEONARD C. MIDGLEY. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Secretary's Report TO THE MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: Our year's work started with the first Winter Meeting, January- eighth. These meetings have not been so well attended as we should like; and it has been suggested that we try holding them in the evening. One of the objections to this, at a time when our expenses are exceeding our income, is the added expense. Last year the rent of the hall on the evenings of our meetings was more than three-fourths as much as the cost of our meetings. It would seem a mistake to think of giving up the lectures, but with the present need of economy it might be well to discontinue them for the coming year. Our library contains many interesting and practical books, and we are constantly buying more. If the lectures were given up, it might be possible to work out a program assigning special subjects on Thursday afternoons, when those interested might meet and discuss them. The librarian could get out books on the subject for reference and study. This might create more interest in the library. The books while in the cases are not paying our members dividends. There has been some difference of opinion in regard to the wisdom of fewer exhibitions. There were days when some of the flowers did not come on time, or were gone when called for, but that has been more or less so when the exhibitions were held every week. We have not gone out after exhibits as much as usual; and while this has helped to keep down the expenses of our exhibitions, we have missed some of the very attractive exhibits of former years. The closing of the afternoon exhibitions at 5.30 seems to be quite satisfactory. It allows a little more time for the study of exhibits than our old schedule, and gives out-of-town exhibitors a chance to get home earlier. Usually, there are not many people in between 5.30 and 6 P. M. The Children's Exhibitions again showed that many of the ex- hibitors were really interested both in the arranging of their exhibits and the reasons for the awards (not that they objected to the decision, but wanted to know why), and I feel that these exhibitions should be continued. In the death of Ex-President Arthur E. Hartshorn we have lost one who in the past was one of our largest exhibitors of vegetables and fruit. He has been a member of the Finance Committee since 1905, and was an active member of the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions for fifteen years. He has not exhibited much for several years, but still took great interest in the exhibitions. He was much interested in the Children's Exhibitions, and was active in establishing the class for older children. Respetcfully submitted, HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. 5 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY DECEASED MEMBERS William Loynd Mrs. Charlotte R. F. Ladd Herbert W. Anderson William E. Babbitt Benjamin F. Mclntire W. W. Keyes Mrs. Eliza J. Utley Thornton E. Mentzer Miss Harriet A. Smith Frank L. Messinger , Arthur E. Hartshorn Louis J. Kendall Mrs. Anna Henderson NEW MEMBERS Daniel P. Dyer William E. Morey Calvin H. Andrews Mrs. Caroline N. Gaskill Irwin B. Edwards Ivar P. Hanson De Forest E. Martin Mrs. Randolph Crompton Miss Anna J. Waite, M. D. Mrs. Lillian Carter Henry J. Greene George D. Hartley Mrs. George D. Hartley Horace B. Parker Francis B. Harrington Mrs. Harriet M. Persons Mrs. Ovis M. Savels Allen C. Morrill WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1919 Annual Meeting of the Society President, Charles Greenwood, presiding. The following reports were read and referred to the committee on publication. Secretary's, H. R. Kinney. Treasurer's, Burt W. Greenwood. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Librarian's, Lucy M. Coulson. Finance, Arthur E. Hartshorn. Arrangements and Exhibitions, Edward W. Breed. Auditor's, Burt W. Greenwood. Medal Committee, Albert H. Lange. Fruits, Herbert A. Cook, Judge. Vegetables, Charles Greenwood, Judge. Albert H. Knight was chosen a member of the nominating com- mittee for three years. Mr. Edward W. Breed reported for the Nominating Committee. On Mr. Joseph K. Grene's motion the report was accepted and the Secretary was instructed to cast a yea ballot for the condidates as nominated. So voted. Myron F. Converse was elected a member of the Finance Com- mittee. On Mr. Greene's motion it was voted to appropriate $6,000 for the year 1920. Notice by H. Ward Moore to be considered at next Annual Meeting. That Article 15 of the By Laws be repealed. Meeting called at 10 A. M., President Leonard C. Midgley pre- siding. The Committees for the ensuing year were unanimously elected. See officers and committees. Mr. Charles Greenwood said that he had been judge of vegetables for the Society thirty-five years and wished to resign. The resigna- tion was accepted. Mr. Lange brought up the subject of having three judges for displays, table decorations and special exhibits. After some discus- sion it was referred to the committee on arrangements and exhi- bitions. The Annual Banquet was referred to the committee on Winter Meeting. The appropriations voted were: Premiums : WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1919 Annual Meeting of the Trustees Flowers, Plants, etc. . Fruit Vegetables Children's Exhibitions $1300 $1100 $750 $250 T WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Salaries : Secretary Librarian Treasurer Judges . . $500 $800 $150 $150 $500 $400 $100 Winter Meetings Publication Periodicals MONDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1919 Annual Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Mr. Albert H. Lange was elected chairman. After quite general discussion it was decided to have less exhibitions than last year. The following dates were agreed on: Spring Show, March 11 and 12. May Exhibition, May 20 and June 17. Rose Exhibition, June 24, July 8 and 15. Sweet Pea Exhibition, July 22, August 5 and 12. Gladiolus Exhibition, Aug. 19, September 9 and 16. Grape Exhibition, September 23. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition, October 7. Chysanthemum Show, November 4 and 5. Children's Exhibitions, August 21 and September 18. There were numerous changes to meet and new dates but no general change in number of premiums or amounts offered. Committee called by Chairman. The committee took up the schedule for the Chrysanthemum and children's shows, but made only minor changes. Mr. William J. Wheeler offered a special prize of $5 in gold for the best Peony bloom to be shown June 17. H. R. Kinney offered two $5 prizes to be competed for at the Children's Exhibition. Committee on Winter Meetings. Committee met and decided on the following program. Winter meetings for 1920: Thursday, January 8 — Address by Dr. Arthur W. Gilbert, Mas- sachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture, Boston, Mass. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1919 Committee of Arrangements. TUESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1920 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Wednesday, January 14 — Packing School, Mr. R. A. Van Meter, Wednesday and Thursday A. M. Worcester County Farm Bureau and Massachusetts Agricultural College co-operating. Thursday, January 15, Lecture — Orchard Problems, Prof. Fred C. Sears, Amherst, Mass. Thursday, January 22, Illustrated Lecture — Lilies and Iris, Mr. Arthur Herrington, Madison, New Jersey. Thursday, January 29, Ladies' Day — Mrs. Leonard C. Midgley, Mrs. Herbert R. Kinney, Mrs. Walter D. Ross, Committee in charge. Thursday, February 5, Illustrated Lecture — A Simple Story, Twelve Years of Every-Day Farming. Dr. George M. Twitchell, Auburn, Mass. Thursday, February 12, Lecture — Some Things that Our Ex- periments Indicate. Prof. Harold F. Thompson, Arlington, Mass. Worcester County Farm Bureau and Massachusetts Agricultural College co-operating. Thursday, February 19, Illustrated Lecture — The Maine Woods, Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Thursday, February 26, Illustrated Lecture — Horticulture in South America, Rev. Charles E. Spaulding, Worcester, Mass. Thursday, March 4, Annual Reunion. Thursday and Friday, March 11 and 12, Spring Exhibition. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1920 Meeting of the Winter Meetings Committee. On Mr. Greene's motion it was voted to have a Reunion and on Mr. Converse's that the tickets be $1. Mr. Greene was chosen Toast Master. Mr. Converse to look after music and Secretary to see about dinner. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1920 Special Meeting of the Trustees, President Midgley presiding. This meeting was called to consider Nursery Stock quarantine No. 37. After quite general discussion it was voted to send the following to our representative at Washington. NURSERY STOCK QUARANTINE NO. 37 The ruling of the Department of Agriculture through Federal Horticultural Board prohibiting the importing of Plants and Bulbs, the object of this act was to prevent the introduction of any more foreign insect pests into our country. 9 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY At a meeting of the trustees of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society held February 19th, 1920, the following resolutions were adopted: RESOLVED THAT, We believe the above measure was al- together too drastic in its terms and discriminating in its outline. That some of its requirements were theoretical rather than practical. That nursery stock was made the bearer of all the undesirables that come to our country. That on the basis of eliminating any pests the law should be made applicable to any other imports that might bring in pests, rather than to the importations of any one industry. That in making this law the Board unconsciously admits a weak- ness in its method of inspection; as the goods are inspected at the foreign ports, then again at our home ports, and yet again during the season in the nurseries. That in view of the subsequent measures now on foot, it looks as though the Federal Horticultural Board are endeavoring to com- pletely tie up commercial relations in Horticulture not only abroad, but at home, even to the transportation of food stuffs. We trust that you will use your most earnest effort to have this act modified when opportunity occurs, so that our people who are directly affected will receive more consideration. We are taking this stand with other Horticultural organizations who are to co-operate in trying to bring about a reasonable modi- fication of the measure. HERBERT R. KINNEY, SECRETARY. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Librarian's Report TO THE MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: In making out the report for the Library the Committee desires to call the attention of every member of the Society to the many practical books in our possession. While we are gratified to be able to report that thei circulation is steadily increasing, still we feel that many of the members fail to appreciate the fact that right here in their own Library may be found the solution of the very problem perplexing them most. The Library is open every day from nine until five o'clock, the indexes so arranged that your special subject is easily selected, while the library table is constantly sup- plied with the best periodicals. Most earnestly we would urge the members to examine the books and magazines and so familiarize themselves with the best in Hor- ticulture. Several works have been added to the Library during the past year from the Library fund. As there may be some books which should be in the Society's Library, which may not come to the attention of the Committee, notices of such books may be handed to the Librarian, and they will be added to the Library as the funds may permit, at the discretion of the Committee. The Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society and the Transactions of our own Society are now ready to be bound; also the English Garden and Gardeners' Chronicle. The additions to the Library during the year just closed, will be found in the list herewith given. November 30, 1920. United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletins. Monthly Lists of Publications. January to November. Washington. D. C. Yearbook. 1919. Massachusett's Agricultural College, Extension Service, Bulletin, No. 29, 30. New York State College of Agriculture, Extension Bulletin, No. 36, 37. Cornell Junior Extension Bulletin, No. 6, Lesson 131. 132. 149. ISl, 152, 153. The Apple Maggot in New York. The Ribbed Pine-Borer. A Study of Selections for the Size, Shape, and Color of Hens' Eggs. Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 241, 242, 243. Twenty-ninth Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations 1919. Report of the Connecticut Vegetable Growers' Association 1919. The American Pomological Society, Bulletin No. 1. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Bulletins. Crop Report of the .American Steel & Wire Clompany. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. XV. 1919. 11 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETT Sweet Pea Annual, 1920. The Annual Rose Society (English.) The National Rose Society. The Enemies of the Rose. Hints on Planting Roses. Select List of Roses and Instructions for Pruning. The Historic Trees of Massachusetts, by James Raymond Simmons. The Right Uses of Lime in Soil Improvement, by Alva Agee. Proceedings of America Pomological Society Session of 1917. An Island Garden by Celia Thaxter. Some Historic Houses of Worcester, donated by Worcester Bank & Trust Company. How to Grow Roses, by Robert Pyle. Plant Culture, by George W. Oliver, 4th Ed. PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker The Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florists' Exchange Florists' Review Gardening Farm Journal Garden Gardeners' National Grange Monthly Gardeners' Chronicle Park and Cemetery The Park International Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City The Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Growers' Journal American Forestry The Touchstone Chronicle ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS Gardening Orchid Review Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. 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G O* CO o O . 5^ ^p: D CO '^^ 3 -t; OS 15 CO 00 H 3 O es o CO s . s o o a; «5 X m t3 g CM ^ o o tn o D O ft ^ i2 .S M -o*^ a; g ^ ^ ^ -5 ^ C > O g 3 O ^ g ^ «3 -5 -5^ ^ C .1 S S >^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ t ^ o O c o £ CO 00 €/3- S § - ^ O) .t^ o S c S 60- = c OS o 5i t« S 2 03 'c6 ^ O C o 5 Q) w O <1> OJ > CO ^ s = 0) O Oi 0) 2 »2 > o is 03 :m X OS > <» 03 CJ J-T "y 2 M 3 0) TO o 2 y O O ^ ^ O) o 44 Not, to pxpppd 10 vflsp«; 1 .00 .75 .50 25 CELOSIA.— No 4.^ Not to pxpppd 10 vasps 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— No. 46. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 iNO. 'i/. iNUi tu exteeu. lo vases, 1 i , nn , uu . ( 0 Pin . ou 9^; COSMOS. — No. 48. One large vase, 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 49. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1 .75 1 .50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 50. Twelve specimens, 1 .50 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 51. Six specimens, 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 52. Six specimens. 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 53. Six ears, 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 54. Six specimens, 1 .25 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 CABBAGE.— No. 55. Three specimens. .75 .50 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 56. Three specimens. 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— No. 57. Three specimens. .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 58. Two quarts in the pod, 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 ONION.— No. 59. Six specimens. 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 1920] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 A cash prize of $5.00 is offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary, to the Exhibitor scoring the most points in the two Exhibitions. Those under and over 14 years. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates, and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. I SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1920 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition f Thursday, March 11, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, March 12, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 20, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 24, 3 to 9 p. m. July 15, 3 to 9 p. M. Saturday, August 21 and September 18 Thursday, August 19, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 23, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 7, 3 to 9 p. m. f Thursday, November 4, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 5, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday after- noons, open to the pubHc from 3 to 5.30 p. m.: June 17, July 8, 22; August 5, 12; September 9, 16. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman Arthur J. Marble Edward W. Breed H. Ward Moore Allen J. Jenkins Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William J. Wheeler Lucy M. Coulson Arthur E. Hartshorn President, Leonard C. Midgley Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Transactions of the Worcester County Horticultural Society Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the Year Ending December 1, 1921 W. J. Brazeau Co. 393 MAIN ST. WORCESTER. MASS. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 19 2 1 President: LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, of Worcester. Vice-Presidents : ALBERT H. LANGE, of Worcester; DAVID L. FISKE, of Grafton; HERBERT A. COOK, of Shrewsbury. Secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. Librariaoi : Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester. Treasurer : BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester. Trustees: Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Edgar M. Bruce Benn M. Chamberlain Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister William E. Morey Henry B. Watts George S. Barton Willis E. Gary Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain J. Lewis Ellsworth Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Leoimnster E olden Shrew < inn- y Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Worcester Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Joseph K. Greene Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall George C. Rice Walter D. Ross Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall Worcester Standing Committees on Finance: -Myron F. Converse, Chairman 1922. Herbert W Estabrook, 1923. Leonard C. Midgley, 1921. On Library and Publications: Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble. Herbert R. Kinney, William Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, On Nomenclature: Charles Greenwood, Henry E. Kinney,- Arthur J. Marble, William Anderson. On Arrangements and Exhibitions: Albert H. Lauze. Chairman. Herbert R. Kinney, George Calvin Rice. Arthur J. Marble. H. Ward Modre, William J. Wheeler, Edward W. Bieed, Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Lih-v M. Coulson. President, Leonard C. Midgley, AlU ne W. Hixon, AUDITORS H. Ward Moore, JUDGES Allyne W. Hixon. ^\v^. Edward Warren, Allen J. Jenkins, Herbert A. Cook, Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Benjamin C. Jacques, Arthur H. Bellows. Of Flowers, Plants, etc Of Fruit, etc Herbert A. Cook. Shrewsbury. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester. Herbert A. Cook MEDAL COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange. Chairniiin President. Leonard C. Midgley ON WINTER MEETINGS Leonard C.' Midgley. Chairman Jose'»h K. Greene 5fyron F. Converse Walter D. Ro.ss Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary CONTENTS ANNUAL REPOETS FOR THE YEAR 1920 Report of President Page Report of Secretary Report of Librarian Report of Treasurer Report of Finance Committee Report of Arranements and Exhibitions Report of Judge of Fruit Report of Judge of Vegetables Report of Judge of Flowers Report of Medal Committee 5 10 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1921 LECTURES- January 13 Review of 1920 work at the Market Garden Field Station. By H. F. Tompson, Director. January 20 Our Library and its Value By Edward W. Breed, Chairman Library Committee January 27 Lecture. Subject to be announced. Worcester Garden Club. February 10 Speaker to be announced. February 17 Illustrated Lecture. The Story of a Nine Acre Farm. By Dr. G. M. Twitchell, Auburn, Maine. Eeunicn, Thursday, February 24 SpHng Exhibition, Thursday and Friday, March 10 and 11. February 3 Lecture. Fruit Problems. By R, A. Van Meter, Department of Pomology, M. A. C. Leonard C. Midgley, Chairman Joseph K. Greene, Myron F. Converse, Walter D. Ross, Sec^-etary. Herbert R. Kinney, Committee on Winter Meetings. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December 1, 1921 President's Report As President of The Worcester County Horticultural Society, I am pleased to present my report for the past year. We have increased our membership with twenty- six new names, among them several from the Garden Club, composed of ladies interested in horticulture. Of the ten members we have lost by death, I would speak of J. Lewis Ellsworth, a Trustee, one of our oldest and, up to a few years ago, a most active and interested member. The ^\dnter meetings were of the usual high order and well attended, and I am pleased to note the gro^^dng interest in our society, by the larger attendance of the people at these winter meetings and exhibitions. It looks though as the public were waking up to what we are trying to do for them. The past season has been a most unusual one in many respects. In the spring the warm weather coming so early, followed by the freeze, which spoiled the fruit crop, was most deplorable. On the other hand, the farmers never had such a season to prolong crops, the warm weather lasting way into the fall, being a great help, and now after the terrible ice storms we have had, there is no question, but that the fruit crop for next year has already been damaged fifty percent in this section. Our exhibitions, while many times small, are of high order, and right here, I want to compliment the committee on the Avay our shows are arranged. I would be pleased to have more exhibitors come in, as it is keen competition which bring our shows up to the standard we would like, but we must thank the faithful few, for making them what they are. It is gratifying to know the books and magazines of the library have been in good demand, but with the fine collection of reading on hand, it should be used even more. In closing my term as President of this Society, I wish to e:-.i;end thanks for all courtesies given me, and hope my successor may car^y on and do better and bigger things, than I have been able to do. Respectfully submitted, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, President. December 7, 1921. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Secretary's Report Worcester, Mass., December 1, 1921. TO THE IVIEMBEES OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY : Our year's activities began January 13, with the first Winter Meeting; and while the attendance was as good as usual for practical topics, our total attendance was not so large as when there have been more of the illustrated lectures. In regard to our exhibition, the most notable thing this season has been the very light showing of apples, and the poor quality of most of the specimens shown. Many of the varieties called for did not show up with a single plate of fruit. The Auburn Fruit Company had some fine fruit, and there were a few good apples in the district about North Pond. As a whole, however, it was the poorest crop in this immediate vicinity for years. Plums and* cherries were also a light crop. Other fruits were of good quality but were not shown in such quantities as in some years. The flower classes were well fiUed and were generally of excellent quality. We did not have so many out-of-the-county exhibits as in some years. This was owing, in some extent, to not having funds so that the committee might feel like inviting outside exhibits. This brings us to a phase of our exhibitions that is worthy of deliberation — that is, just how much should be done for our exhibitors, and how much for the public. At the present time Worcester County is a very small part of the territory from which we draw supplies and inspirations. While I do not advocate opening our premiums to the world, or even to the state, I think it would be weU to have some funds so that the Committee on Arrangement and Exhibition could use them for exhibitions from out of the county. I wish to call your attention to advertising. We are supposed to be an educational society, and one of our lines of teaching is showing fine specimens of standard and new varieties of horticultural products. Hence, it is desirable that those who are interested should know when certain exhibitions are to be shown. It seems more necessary to resort to adver- tising now that we are not having our exhibitions every week. It does not seem just the thing to be obliged to advertise a free exhibition, but it certainly is not desirable for the society to spend a lot of money and time putting up a fine exhibition and have only a few to see it. The children's exhibitions were a success again this year and the competition, especially in the vegetable classes, was often close. 5 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY . There Avere many questions asked that showed that the exhibitors were anxious for real information, this seems to be a feature that should be retained. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT R. KIXXEY, Secretary. DECEASED ME.MBERS Mr. Henry C. Ferguson Mr. Edgar M. Bruce Mr. Henry K. Merrifield Miss Mary R. Phelps Mr. Charles H. Ellsworth Mr. 0. Willis Rugg Mr. J. Lewis Ellsworth Mrs. Annie R. Warren Miss Agnes Wyman Mr. Gilbert G Davis NEW MEM BEES Mrs. Cora F. Reed Mrs. Elsa W. Mason * Mrs. Nellie S. Brigham Mrs. Elizabeth W. Keeler Mrs. Edith R. Nye Miss M. Louise Wyman Mrs. Adelaide W. Wood Mrs. Nora E. Lasell Mr. Andrew W. Sigourney Mrs. Katherine H. Sigourney Mrs. Elizabeth R. Brownell Mr. Charles J. Harvey Mr. J. E. Farnsworth Mrs. Edgeworth W. Whitin Mrs. Helen M. Clarke Mr. Frank A. Andrews Miss Agnes M. Waite Mr. Russell S. Paine Mr. Sumner Chamberlain Mrs. Dorothy D. Bertels Mrs. Ida B. McAllister Mr. Harry P. McAllister Mr. Harry C. Midgiey Mr. George E. Ryan Mrs. Sarah J. Adshead Mrs. Esther F. Elias 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 3n ifflmnrtam Louis J. Kendall, a valued member of this Society and for many years a Trustee, died at his home in this city November 28, 1920. Born in Barre, Massachusetts, a son of Henry J. Kendall, a prominent farmer of that town. He was duly interested and actually engaged in agriculture all his life. Coming to Worcester with the family when young, he later went into the milk business, and also became a prominent breeder of Jersey Stock. Being one of the best known men in this section, he built up a lucrative business, and made for himself an enviable reputation, by his honest and painstaking business methods. Mr. Kendall was an active and public-spirited citizen, contributing largely of his time and money for the upbuilding of the community in which he lived. He also took an active part in city affairs, having served with credit in the Common Council and Board of Aldermen. Prominent in fraternal societies and of a general pleasant disposition, he made many friends who mourn his loss. As members of this Society we wish to record our appreciation of his worth and high character as a citizen. CHARLES GREENWOOD, GEORGE CALVIN RICE, EDWARD W. BREED, Committee. H. R. KINNEY. Secretary. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1920 Annal meeting of the Society Meeting called to order at 10,30 A. M. by Vice President Albert H. Lange. Thirty members presesnt. Secretary read the caU for the meeting. The following reports were read and referred to the committee on publication. Secretary's, H. R. Kinney. Librarian's, Lucy M. Coulson. Treasurer's, Bert W. Greeuwfcod. Auditor 's, Bert W. Greenwood. Finance, Myron F. Converse, Chairman. Arrangement, Albert H. Lange, Chairman. Fruit, Herbert A. Cook, Judge. Vegetables, H. Ward Moore, Judge. Flowers and Plants, No report. President's, read by Secretary. 7 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Medal Committee, Albert H. Lange, Chairman. Nominating Committee, Walter D. Eoss, Chairman. On Mr. Joseph K. Greene's motion, the report was accepted and the Secretary was instructed to cast a yea ballot for candidates as nominated The chairman declared them elected. See officers and committees. Article 3. To consider the repeal of Article 15 of the By-Laws. Mr. H. Ward Moore read the article and made a motion that it be repealed. The question was discussed at length by Messrs. Breed, Converse, B. W. Greenwood, Ross, Howe, C. Greenwood and H. A. Cook, who thought that it would be a mistake to repeal the article. Those who favored the repeal were Messrs. Tyson, Watts, Greene, E. Moore, Miss Morse and Mrs. Sarah W. Morgan. After a lengthy discussion, Mr. B. W. Greenwood called for the vote. S^ven voting for and fifteen against the repeal. Mr. Converse for the finance committee recommended that we continue to practice economy as our expenses w^ere increasing faster than our income. On Mr. Converse's motion it was voted to appropiate $5500. for the coming year. The following committee was appointed to report resolutions on the deaths of Ex-President Arthur E. Hartshorn and Lewis J. Kendall: Edward W. Breed, Charles Greenwood and George Calvin Rice. Notice of changes in By-Laws to be brought up at next annual meeting. By Joseph K. Greene. That the last clause of Article 5 be changed by substituting (20) for (30) as number of members necessary for a quorum. By Miss Frances C. Morse. Proposed an Amendment of Article 15. To strike out section two. To amend section one. Nomination for office may be made by members under the same rules as those made by the nominating committee, and nomination may also be made from the floor. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1920 Annual Meeting of the Trustee.*! Meeting called to order by President Leonard C. Midgley. 13 present. The committees for the year were appointed. See officers and committees. Appropriations voted: — Premiums : Plowers $1200 Fruits 1000 Vegetables 750 Childrens Exhibition 200 Winter Meetings 300 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Publication 300 Periodicals - 100 Judges 150 Salaries : Secretary $500 Librarian ^ 800 Treasurer 150 MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1920 Meeting of the committee on Arrangement an^ Exhibition. Mr. Albert H. Lange was elected chairman. The schedule for 1921 was arranged. Mr. William J. Wheeler offered $5. in gold for the best vase of Peonies. To be shown at the June 16 exhibition. H. R. Kinney offered two $5. prizes for the children's exhibition. One for the older and one for the younger class. Resolution on the death of Ex-President Arthur E. Hartshorn. Whereas it has pleased our Heavenly Father to call home our esteemed member Arthur E. Hartshorn. Resolved That the Worcester County Horticultural Society has sustained a great loss in having taken from us one who has been faithful in the many offices he was called upon to fill. Resolved That his sound judgment and manly bearing were always a source of admiration. Resolved That his example in the various walks of life should be an incentive to every young man to do his duty. Resolved That we shall ever cherish his memory and the part he took in furthering the interests of our Society. Resolved That a copy of this resolution be sent to Mrs. Arthur R Hartshorn, and a copy be spread upon the records of the Society. EDWARD W. BREED, GEORGE CALVIX RICE, CHARLES GREENWOOD, Committee. 9 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Librarian's Report TO THE MEMBEES OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: It is encouraging to report that the patronage of our Library has more than doubled during the past year. We have received several accessions of value — one of the most interesting being, ''The Wild Flowers of New York," beautifully illustrated with colored plates. This includes a great many of our wild flowers. We have also added a splendid dictionary — ''Webster's New Interna- tional ' ' — which I am sure will be much appreciated by the members. Helpful bulletins from the various Agricultural Experiment Stations are available for reference. The Transactions of the Society have been bound as nearly up to date as possible. The additions to the Library during the year just closed will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agricuiturt, Monthly Lists of Publications, December 1920 to November 1921. Parmer's bulletins, Nos. 643, 752, 759,, 766, 791, 858, 859, 887, 901 917, 925, 932, 983, 1080. Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Memoir, 34, 35, 36, 37, 43. Leaflet, 2, 3, 4. Course Lesson, 135, 136, 138, 139, 155, 156. Extension Bulletin, 43, 44, 45, 46. Forest Planting on the Farm." New York State College of Agriculture, 33 Annual Report of the Dean and Director. An Economic Study of Farm Tractors in New York, by W. I. Myers. Decomposition of Green Manures at Different Stages of Growth, by Thomas Lysons Martin. Insects Injurious to Deciduous Shade Trees and Their Control, by Jacob Kotinsky. Insecticides and Fungicides, For Farm and Orchard Crops in Massachusetts. Commercial Fertilizers, Purdue University. Thirtieth Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations. Garden Notes on Peomies, by Lee R. Bonnewitz. Annual Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners. Arnold Arboretum Harvard Universitv Bulletins. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Vol. XVl, 1920. Sweet Pea Annual 1921, English. The Annual Rose Society, English. The Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. XLVI, 1921. Proceedings of the American Pomological Society, 1921. An Economic Study of Farm Layout, by W. I. Myer, 1920. The Genetic Relations of Plant Colors in Maize, by R. A. Emerson, 1921. Forty Immortals of Worcester & Its County, Donated by The Worcester Bank and Trust Company. The Crane — Flies of New York, Part II, Biology and Phylogeny, by Charles Paul Alexander. 1920. Small Fruits and Berries, 4th Edition, Revised. The Romance of our Trees, by Ernest H. Wilson. Plant Culture, by George W. Oliver. Wild Flowers of New York, by Momer D. House, The University of New York. Hints on Planting Roses. Select Lists of Roses, Pruning. English. Pages from a Garden Note-Book, by Mrs. Francis King. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, by Helen R. Albee. Webster's New International Dictionary with Reference History of the World. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker The Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florist's Exchange Florist's Review Gardening Farm Journal Gardener's Chronicle Park & Cemetery The Park International Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City Ths Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Grower's Journal American Forestry Potato Magazine The National Geographic Magazine Garden Gardening ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS Gardener's Chronicle Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian. November 30, 1921. i 11 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY CO CO O O r-i O O P p VO Oi Cvl CO o o 00 T-5 oi O O (M Tfi CM l>- rH -"Sir r-T r-^ :3 CO ;0 o ^ C3 H w Eh O X o o o o o rJH p CO CO CO r-< CD rH (Ji O uO O O O GO p <^J p p p ilO cri (m" CM* CO c^i O Oi CO tH t^- 1— ! GO O O O O O O 72 be ^ O ^ ^ 2 . c£> ir: p CO (m' CO as ai rA o" t>^ Ttl GO Tt^ Ol o Ttl C^I 1— I 1— i rH lO 1— I a; ^ c GO GO CO GO GO ^ >^.:^ ' w ^ ^ :i •t^ o c^ o go" OOi-it^OOOCOO:>0 P CO l-O p p p t>^ p p CO o 1-H CO CO c ^ s s a; 05 c^S Q CO cm' CO f3 o o OS tH o (^J p P rH (M* oi ud ud c:> CO 0:1 o CO LO c 'a. .t: o 03 cd PQPQ 03 J-i S-i o o U U <^ C3 o ^ cj o 1^ o CO 14 ^\'ORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY o if:: 00 (>• T— 1 CO 1—1 GO 05 CO C C 3 =: o o > _ g H :^ c 3 o' c o ^ 2 5 H,- k5§ O O 00 P O Tti O O O T^H |>I O O LT^ in; 05 03 00 O c 11 o o c o <^ .Si 05 C , Of C3 ?H _S 15 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Finance Committee TO THE OFFICEKS AND MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: The annual meeting of this Society brings to our attention the duty of making a report of our stewardship for the year just closing. The duties of this Committee are generally a routine proposition and this fact is especially true regarding the year just closing. Increased cost of maintenance of the property, especially due to taxation, continually adds to the financial problems of the Society. It is probable that the peak of these trying conditions has been reached and the demands of the future will be less exacting. With property so centrally located it will always be diffcult to realize from the ground floor alone any large surplus after paying our maintenance charges, and, as time goes on, it will be more evident that a greater part of the building should be turned over to commercial uses. Within a comparatively short time, the opportunity will come for us to make new arrangements regarding the leased part of the premises. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, Chairman of the Finance Committee. December 6, 1921. 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions MR. PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: In this report for the Committee of Exhibitions and Arrangements I have tried to condense in a brief statement the trend of the exhibitions in a general way. You who have attended our exhibitions and by your attendance have given us more incentive for our task, will know as much about them as we do, those who have not attended will not benefit greatly from this report. We have been greatly encouraged by the attendance, a natural growth not due to any publicity scheme. Next year we will endeavor to get in touch with the teachers of the higher grades in the public schools and perhaps interest the pupils in our exhibitions. While on the subject of attendance (and without it our work and expenditure of money would be without value) I want to drive home the fact, that the bulk of the people come to see the flowers, also that the flower growers do nine tenths of the work to make the exhibition attractive. I strongly recommend that in the next budget, more money be appropiated for plants and flowers. I do this with all due deference to our fruit and vegetable exhibitors, many of whom agree with this idea. Taken as a whole the display of small fruits was light, quality fair. The less said about apples and pears the better, peaches good, grapes, quality excellent, display rather light. Flowers, quality very good, nearly every class filled at every show and quite a few new exhibitors. Our experiment of giving the Garden Club an opportunity to exhibit worked out very successfully and I would suggest to the next Committee that they be given tAvo days, one in Spring or early Summer and one later, the dates to be selected by the Garden Club. I make no comment on the curtailment of the number of our exhibi- tions but I know the succeeding Committee would like to hear from every one interested either verbably or in writing. For the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions, A. H. LANGE, Chairman. 17 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Fruit The season of 1921 has been very unfavorable for fruit. There were very high temperature the last of March which caused the buds to start, and then the 29th and 30th of March a severe cold spell Avith a temperature of 20° and 14° above zero damaged the apple and cherry buds. There was another hard freeze April 12th which hurt many buds, and May 12th a frost killed most of the strawberry, plum and apple bloom, and froze the young growth on grape vines. The peach buds came out Avell and there was a good crop of peaches. In July hail storms caused much damage to fruit in many places. In June the dry weather was unfavorable to s.mall fruit. There were good rains in July. September and October were dry and warm and free from early frost, which Avas very favorable for grapes. The freeze of May 12 destroyed the growth, a second growth started, set fruit and ripened but there was a very light crop. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as follows : Strawberries 24, cherries 5, raspberries 13, blackberries 11, gooseberries 7, currants 20, peaches 35, plums 20, grapes 46, apples 64, pears 71, quinces 3, fruit displays 12, hand shell almond 1, filberts 1, making a total of 333 prizes and premiums awarded, 170 less than in 1920. It has been the most unfavorable season for apples in my experience with the Worcester County Horticultural Society. HERBERT A. COOK, Judge of Fruit. 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Vegetables MR. PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: Your Judge of Vegetables hereby submits his report for the season of 1921: The past season saw a return to more nearly normal conditions in the vegetable division of our exhibitions. The different varieties were ready and generally in their prime at the time they were called for by our schedule. This resulted in better and much more satisfactory exliibi- tions than is the ease when the exhibits are one or two weeks ahead or behind the schedule. Some of the exliibits worthy of special mention were the Vegetable Displays (covering sixteen square feet) of June 28th, and August 18th, respectively. These were all of extra fine quality and very tastefully arranged. The Collections of Vegetables on September 22nd were among the finest I have ever seen in this hall and the competition for the three highest premiums was very close. The Displays of Tomatoes on September 8th were unusually good and drew much favorable comment. On the same date were shown some exceptionally fine exhibits of the Beauty Tomatoes. The exhibits of Peas and String Beans were above the average both in quantity and in quality. At the October exliibition one of the most noticable exhibits was that of the squashes, especially the Green Hubbard and the Blue Hubbards. Tavo classes that have not filled very well the past season were those for Cauliflowers and for Celery, though there have been some fine specimens among the few shown. Of the 483 premiums for vegetable offered in our schedule 151 were not awarded. This made a gross saving of $1-46 from the amount offered but from this must be taken $45 which was awarded i;i gratuities, leaving a net saving of $101. The tAVO children 's exhibitions Avere of about the usual high standard. One of the best features was the large number of excellent collections of vegetables. Respectfully submitted, H. WARD MOORE, Judge. 19 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers for 1921 ME. PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: This being my first year as Judge I cannot compare the exhibitions Avith previous years, but "would say that while the competition was not very close in the Spring Show the Plants and Flowers were of very good quality. The Plant displays being very fine. The May exhibition while it was not large was very good, especially plant display of Iristhorpe and H. F. A. Lange. June 16, Special prize of Five Dollars in gold offered by Mr. William J, Wheeler for vase of Peonies was won by Mrs. Edward Warren. Rose Exhibit Avas very fine and competition was close. There Avas no exhibit from the Worcester Garden Club this week. July 21. The cut floAver classes were very fine and competition Avas very close. An excellent display of SAveet Peas Avas shown by Iristhorpe. Gladiolus Exhibition August 18 Avas one of the best, if not the best, ever shoAAn in the Hall. Display of Garden FloAA'ers consisting of seven exhibits, all very fine. Randall FloAver Shop had a very pretty table decora- tion at this shoAv. Sept. 8. Dahlia: and Ast?rs shoAvn this Aveek Avere of exceptionally fine quality. Sept. 15. Worcester Garden Club had an excellent exhibition. Oct. 13. OAving to the late frost there AAas a very large shoAV of cut floAA'ers there being about thirty different exhibits. The arrangement of the Chrysanthemum ShoAv this year Avas somcAvhat different from preA'ious years and Avas commented upon very favorably. While the competition Avas not close, the quality was very good. Special display of plants and FloAvers Avas very good and added much to the show. Table decorations Avere exceptionally fine, the competition being very close. The appropriation for floAvers this year Avas $1,200 of Avhich $1,127 Avas spent, leaving a balance of $73.00. Respectfully submitted, ALLYNE W. HIXON, Judge. 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Medal Committee CERTIFICATES 1921. A. N. Pierson, Inc. Nov. 3rd and 4th. New Pompon Varieties of Chrysanthemums. MEDALS. William McAllister, Whitinsville, Mass. Jan. 27th. Seedling Orchid, Blake Medal. W. D. Howard, Milford, Mass. Mar. 10th. Display of Carnations. Hadwen Medal. William E. Morey, Shrewsbury, Mass. Mar. 10th. •'Doris" Carnation. Hadwen Medal. A. H. LANGE, Chairman Medal Committee. 21 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Winter Meetings The Committee on Winter Meetings provided six interesting lectures, which were well attended, fully 350 people enjoying them. The season closed with the annual reunion and banquet. The following are the lectures given. January 13. Review of 1920 work at the Market Garden Field Station, by H. F. Thompson, Director. January 20. Our library and its. value, by Edward W. Breed, Chairman Library Committee. January 27. Worcester Garden Club. Subject: Landscape gardening, by Mrs. Elizabeth Leonard Strang. February 3. Fruit problems, by R. A. Van Meter, Dept. of Pomology, M. A. C. February 10. Illustrated lecture by Edward I. Farrington. Subject: Roses of America and Europe. February 17. Illustrated lecture. The story of a nine acre farm, by Dr. G. M. Twitchell, Auburn, Maine. Respectfully submitted, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Chairman, Winter Meeting. December 7, 1921. 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 13, 1921 Review of 1920 work at the Market Garden Field Station By Mr. Harold F. Thompson, Lexington, Mass. In 1918 the Limited Variety Tests were started, and have been continued and increased during these past three seasons, to obtain relative values. In some cases /the Martha Washington asparagus showed sixteen stalks from a single crown. Next spring individual plants will be considered to obtain the quality of each. An attempt will be made to develop numerous plants equally as good as the parent. Manure economy tests were made on ninety plots of one-fortieth acre each. It was found that 10 tons of manure + 1,000 pounds of fertilizer is, on the whole, more economic than 15 tons of manure. A combination of manure and fertilizer is better in many cases than straight manure. As compared with manure, fertilizer is cheap. 4-8-4 or 4-8-5 may be used with profit. Plant Disease Control proved satisfactory. If taken early and properly handled, the celery blight can be controlled. 5-5-50 Bordeaux applied at once reduces the trouble. Lettuce drop is controlled by sterilization. Plant inoculation was carried on in the greenhouse. A dozen varieties were grown for the carrot test, and only one variety developed blight. In order to get the highest grade seed great thought must be given to growing the best. Emphasis must be placed on the importance of seed quality. Eed Head tomato ranked high in yield, earliness and c|uality. More difference is often found between strains of the same variety than between different varieties. Here in Massachusetts, where we have intensive growth, we need to know more than the average of varieties. The study of climatic conditions is suggested. It is strongly advocated that farmers guarantee their own feed supply. The onion yielded from one-fortieth of an acre, 4,300 onions. On manure plots 100 onions weighed 4 pounds as against 2.91 pounds on the unfertilized. Acid phosphate, pound for pound, for three years has brought better results than barium phosphate. Cabbage Maggot Control showed that tar felt disks pay very well, paying for cost and 50% dividends. The United States Department of Agriculture is trying to discourage the charging of pre-war prices for manure. Manure is too epensive and chemicals should be used instead of it. 23 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 20 Our Library and its Value By Mr. Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Library Committee. The library, containing practically everything pertaining to Horti- culture, is considered a very important part of the work of the Horti- cultural Society. A large number of the books are by English writers. In this subject the standard books of from fifty to seventy-five years ago are just as standard to-day. Horticulture in European countries was better in many ways then than now. Here, we do not devote so much time to horticulture and agriculture as do the Europeans, particularly the French and English, who have far more time for the purpose. Here, we have to jump for a livelihood, and garden life is part of a daily occupation. Books written about other countries are largely applicable to our condition. ''What England can teach us about Gardening" by Wilhelm Miller is a very good book. There is a mania for bringing plants and trees from other countries, without any consideration of climate. This is a not wise when the climate differs but is all right if the conditions are the same. If we select from our flowers those that are similar and distinctly American it will be much better for us. Books have two functions: to instruct and to entertain. The value of a library is in its use. The card catalog is by index, and new books are constantly being added to the present store. It is a good plan to jot down notes in a loose leaf notebook when reading, then one will have something to refer to later. The Garden Eeview Book is handy for this purpose. A few particularly fine books are: The Silva of North America, by Professor Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum; North American Silva, by Michaud; On TVees and Shrubs, Emerson; The National Library" — Trees, Eogers; On Roses, by Thomas, is beauti- fully illustrated, as is also the companion book On the Peony; the Rose Annual from the National Rose Society of England; The Well-considered Garden, Mrs. King; The English F]oAver Garden, William Robinson; On Bulbs, John Weathers ; How to know the Wild Flowers, Mrs. Dana ; and Pruning, by King. There is not quite so much interest in vegetables as in othtr subjects, but such information may be found in general books. A fine reference book on the Iris was shown. Bailey is one of the leading writers on horticulture and agriculture. Nicholson's Dictionary and Thompson's Garden Assistance are valuable books. The Garden 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Magazine is the most practical for the average person as it contains various subjects. There is an English magazine, too, which is very good. American Houses and Gardens, Lowell, and Insects, by Comstock, are very helpful. Horticulture prefers the botanical name for plants and trees as these give some idea of geographical condition, as for instance those having the ending * ' Virginians ' ' and * ' Canadensis. ' ' A committee is at work now trying to standardize common names. This move has been brought about by a large number of associations, such as druggists, botanists, seedsmen and all who has to do with the handling of plant names. Japan is one of the greatest garden countries in the world. The Japanese are very artful and can accomplish a great deal with very little. Every garden has its water scene and vista facing the sacred mount. Eocks are as essential to the composition as the garden itself. The hope of stimulating interest and having books wear out instead of rusting out was expressed by Mr. Breed. 25 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 27 European and American Gardens Mrs. Elizabeth Leonard Strang, Lancaster. Auspices of Worcester Garden Club. In a preliminary talk, Miss Frances Morse explained that the Garden Club is an offshoot of the Horticultural Society. In 1919 Mrs. Whittall and Miss Morse decided to have such a club, so they with Mrs. S. B. Woodward planned it. Tlie membership of this club is restricted, while that of the society is not. The club cooperates with the society, the purpose of it being to stimulate interest in the exhibitions and general work of the Horticultural Society. Interest is aroused in the club members, and through them an interest grows in the society. In this way many new members have joined the society. Landscape work is the art of arranging surfaces of land and water. Art gardens are in three divisions: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern. The Egyptian gardens were very formal, flat, rigid, and in hanging style. Then came the Assyrian, Babylonian, Gethsemane, Phoenician, and religious gardens. The Persians were the first to have a conception of a landscape park. The gardens of India were very pleasant. The Greeks and Eomans set aside areas in cities for parks. The Garden of the Ages was a very famous one. During the Italian Renaissance arts flourished and much attention was given to landscape gardens. They were adapted perfectly to the needs of the time and great use was made of water. The Italian garden has been more studied than any type of art garden. When we come to the modern garden a change is noticed. The early French gardens, like the Moorish and Spanish, were not at all domestic, but formal, showing court influence. The Dutch garden was very different, and the Italian garden was highly cultural. The gardens of England were next in importance to those of the Renaissance. The first ones were pleasure gardens, appearing right after feudal times. Latticed fences, and grass seats built up at the sides of brick were popular. The Tudor gardens were not walled in, though many of the large gardens of that period were enclosed. The Elizabethan were the best of any of the English gardens. Masses were large and flowers were allowed to fill the bed, thus giving shape to the garden instead of the garden shaping them as before. The Stewart garden marks the period of decadence as 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY too much attention was given to form. This, however, lead to the land- scape school. The Old Fashioned Garden, by Grace Tabor, is a very valuable book. In this country the Spanish type, walled and simple, is used a great deal. Virginia has rich gardens with rolling lawns. The Pennsylvania type is not so luxurious as the Virginia, but is fine and more commonly used. The New York garden is a reproduction of the Dutch. In New- England the design is not so intricate, being a sort of housewife garden. The severe climate prevents our having gardens like those of Virginia. Gardens are the outgrowth of individual needs. In planning a garden a comprehensive study of it must be made: size is to be considered, it must be adapted to uses, seats must be shaded, and the flowers must make a picture. Fruit trees are one solution of utility. We must fit the style of architecture, have a sense of proportion, consider the axis lines, have focal points, and form a related garden. All this does not mean, however, that absolute symmetry must be maintained. Although a botanist's knowledge is not necessary, we must know enough about the length of life, color, and general nature of plants to arrange them effectively and wisely, and care for them. Herbaceous plants are like mosaic, changing from season to season, hence it is possible to have a succession of colors. Shrubbery is for form and tecture, and is part of the architectural scheme. Warm colors belong on the sunny side. Foliage must not be too sharply in contrast. Flowers are more or less minor. In Boston the interiors of a few houses show the Spanish and Moorish gardens in the centre with the attractive fountain. California, also, has the Spanish type with the Mission bell hanging in it. Near Lake George are some Italian gardens. The very early type of English garden had monks 's walks and cloister walks, always four sections with the fountain of eternal life in the centre. The Martha Washington garden at Mt. Vernon is a famous one. In Newburyport is seen the Dutch type. The famous old Nichols Garden in Salem contains the largest mulberry tree in New England. New York City is famous for its fine rose gardens. At the close of the lecture a vote of thanks was extended to the Garden Club. 27 WORCESTER C O U N.T Y HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 3, 1921 The Fruit Problem Mr. R. A, Van Meter, Department of Pomology, M. A. C. In earing for a fruit the rules to follow are: feeding, spraying and pruning. Usually a tree can feed itself, but if for any reason this natural tendency is checked, then food must be furnished in the nature of fertilizers. Spraying is preventive or protective. It was formerly thought that the three essentials of growth were nitrogen, phospheric acid, and potash; but supplying potash to an orchard is probably a great waste, and phospheric acid is practically wasted. Nitrogen is the wonder worker in the orchard. Nitrate of soda is needed more than anything else. There is great danger in plowing an orchard that has not been plowed for fifteen or twenty years. It is better to use nitrate of soda. In general, plowing acts much the same as nitrate of soda. Only a little at a time should be plowed and the feeding roots looked out for; because if too many fine roots are plowed the purpose of the orchard is defeated. A good application of nitrate of soda is from five to ten pounds per tree. In the last ten years more has been learned of pruning than of any phase of orchard growing. It has been found that high-headed trees set less than thirty feet apart grew together up into the air. A tree should be cut back as much as is necessary to make it live. It is essential that it grow rapidly during the first two or three years. The cutting back depends upon the stalk. When the tree is ten or twelve years old the scaffold branches may be picked, but not before. Then the tree may be eighteen or twenty years old before the useless branches may be taken off and only the scaffold branches left. A young tree cannot be spread with with pruning shears, but a good crop will spread it. Pruning should be very light at first and the less the better. From three to seven years is the dangerous time to prune as it is then that the fruit bearing branches are likely to be cut. It is well to prune old trees to throw life into the fruit spurs, then thin out the wood next to them. One of the problems of the present is how to get a crop every year on the Baldwin tree. If only one- half to one-third of the spurs could set apples there Avould be a bumper crop. The spraying proposition is a delicate one to experiment with. Chemicals must be found that will destroy the insects without destroying the foliage of the tree. Scab, aphis, the caterpillar, red bug, apple worm, sooty blots, and leaf -hoppers are among the troubles found in the orchard. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The dormant lime sulpher spray should be used for aphis when the leaves begin to show freely, whether there is trouble or not. The blossom pink spray is a weaker solution. The apple scab affects the leaves; and the second infection coming about June is worse than all the others together. The petal fall spray should be used within ten days after the petals have fallen. Arsenic of lead and water is the least expensive kind of spraying. It is better to use a different solution which will give extra uses along with the regular one. The effect of spraying depends almost entirely upon getting the spray on at the right time. It is better to put the spray on the day before rain than the day after. It is well to spray about ten days apart. 29 WORCESTER COUXTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 10, 1921 Illustrated Lecture: The Arnold Arboretum Mr. Edward I. Farrington. Boston, Mass. The Arnold Arboretum of Jamaica Plain contains the largest collection of living trees and shrubs in the world. Every tree and shrub which will thrive in New England soil, no matter where it may have originated, may be found there. The museum is so arranged that anybody may easily find out what he wishes about anything there, for there are guides and histories of the gardens in many forms. This museum was made possible by the gift to Harvard of $100,000 by Mr. James Arnold of New Bedford. The work was started on the old farm owned by the college at Jamaica Plain. The contract made with the City of Boston is one of the most unique in histoiy. The city is to police the arboretum, pay for the walks and drives, pay the taxes for 1,000 years, then probably for a second 1,000 years, andfor ever. Men are sent out all over the world to brin^ back every tree ana shrub variety possible, then if they will grow here they are propagated and passed on to other people. Plant scouts risk their lives to get these specimens. Proffessor E. H. Wilson, assisant director of the arboretum, is one of the most famous plant scouts. During one of his many trips, to China he was overtaken by an avalanche, and lay recovering for many weeks in a hut. When well he went back to the place and succeeded in getting the bulb he had started out to obtain. The Regal Lily now flourishes on Cape Cod. The arboretum is a garden of seven gates or entrances. People are not permitted to drive automobiles through the grounds. The Administra- tion Building is the gift of the late Horatio Underwood of W^ellesley. Here is one of the largest horticultural libraries in the country, and a fine collection of dried plants. Professor Sargent, the first and only director of the Arnold Arboretum, is one of the greatest authors on the subject now living. Already a fine statue has been erected to him. Several slides were shoAvn of the hydrangea, magnolia and linden. The southern magnolia with its leaves a yard long, and flowers a foot in diameter was very interesting. The linden collection contains a number of the Japanese type. Native vines cover most of the stone walls as Professor Sargent is very fond of them. The 240 acres of ground is mostly of a rolling character; hence there is only one formal garden on a piece of level land near tho Forest Hill section. The rose collection i< a remarkable one. English missionaries* 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY in China sent back some drv twigs with dry seeds on them. These were planted and grew into beautiful Rose Hugonis, now listed in seed books. The velvety red Rosa Arnoldiana originated in the arboretum. Many fine honeysuckles and asters were shown on the screen. The lead plant from the middle west has a bluish tinge on leaves and flowers. The large collection of vines has a type from China which has a great effect on cats, as they come from all directions and dig it up. The story goes that when cats are too numerous in China, this vine is brought out and smudged where the cats may be easily collected. There are 450 different species of the hawthorne here, and perhaps several hundred more if they were known. The United States has a monopoly on this tree, there being only fifteen other varieties than are found here. The American hawthorne is white; the colored varieties come from England. There are not many Japanese hawthornes. The cherry bloom has made China famous. The city of Rochester has assembled hundreds of these and planted them; so, soon, people will go there to see the cherry bloom as they do in China. Xearly 100 different species of the crab apple are growing in the arboretum. This is a tree without a country. It was brought here from Japan but it did not start there. It probably originated in China. A native form of this apple is found in Ohio. The arboretum is also an example of landscape planting. SomelO,000 people walk along the Ulac grove on Sunday afternoons. Over 200 varieties of the lilac grow there. The common t^-pe is a native of Bulgaria. Some of the lilacs that George Washington planted at Mt. Vernon are still growing there. It is well to plant some light ones now and then and get blossoms on the original roots. The Chinese lilac is one of the latest. Under a rule of the Federal Horticultural Board no more live plants are allowed to be brought into the country. This will make a gre^t difference in the plans of the arboretum. 31 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 17, 1921 The Story of a Nine-acre Farm DR. G. M. TWITCHELL, AUBURN, MAINE. Dr. Twitchell prefaced his speech with the remark that he was not a specialist or scientist, but just a humble worker in the field. The obliga- tion of an agricultural body is to prepare to help men who need help. Changes in the industrial world have brought about a great army of the unemployed who must be fed and supported. The duty is to help save these men from disaster. The bulk of men from the city who have taken up acres for planting have failed because they have attempted to do too much. They have followed too closely the many papers and bulletins but poorly understood by them; and must be shown that experience is the only true teacher. This alone will save them from the ruin many are willing to thrust upon them. Thirteen years ago Dr. Twitchell bought a field of nine acres, in Monmouth, Maine, which had been totally neglected for eighteen years. The hundred apple trees condensed around the borders he was told to cut down and use for wood. But he decided to make a living here on this poor place for himself and vrite, and satisfactorily solved the problem. As J. J. Hill has said, ' ' When the time comes that nature fails to provide herself with support, deterioration begins. " It is coming to the border line here in the United States. The future of agriculture in Massachusetts should vitally concern all of us. The farm must be main- tained on the same schedule as other industries. Agriculture must be made as attractive as other industries if we wish to attract young men to it. This is a big proposition but we can prove it if our faith is strong enough. Men grow, not by help, but out of difficulties. Too much help leads to paucity of ideas. Centralization of schools is a barrier to agricul- ture, but we must bring the industry to function despite this, as it is an honorable, worthy vocation. The four essentials to success in life are: 1. Vision of the field we Avould cultivate 2. Patience to wait for results 3. Willingness to work 4. Determination to win. We must have more faith in industry and in God if we would succeed. Slides showed the orchard of a hundred trees, largely dead wood. This dead wood was cut out and slaked lime, potash and wood ashes applied to the scrubbed trees. They were fed with Dr. Fisher's formula, and fertiliza- 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY tion continued for five years. In 1919, five and one-half barrels of Bakhvins were obtained from one of the original trees, which proves Nature 's willingness to respond if aided and given a chance. 119^2 bushels of shelled corn to the acre were obtained, the amount falling below 100 bushels only one year. It has been found that no one type of corn is necessary to give a maximum yield, as the matter rests with the man. The pototatoes had an increasing army of pests last year, the whole surface of the field being brown from them in some cases. Dr. Twitchell has not used any arsenical preparation for many years. This :WiU ultimately destroy the soil as it actually poisons mineral matter. A liquid spray is very beneficial, in some cases; but for twelve years no liquid spray has been used on this farm as dusting has proved satisfactory. The potato yield has been 1550 bushels from five acres. The yield has varied, from 6% to 16%pounds per potato. The potatoes are cut in six pieces, in blocks, with one eye, but there is no objection two eyes. Dr. Twitchell 's mixture, Bug Death Aphis, is used on everything that grows. It consists of lime, sulphur, and tobacco dust, and is used in dust form instead of spraying. The Norcross, an offshoot of the Green Mountain, is one of the best potatoes grown, yet more Green Mountains are grown than any variety. Bug Death may be applied at any time, but preferably in the morning. It will stick well, though, in the middle of the day. A double cheesecloth is used for scattering the powder, but a machine is needed for throwing the powder all over the potato field, especially under the leaves. 34 trees produced 137 bushels of plums, and later, 110 bushels were obtained from 22 trees. A picture showed 135 plums in a cluster on one branch. The Burbank and Abundance types were shown. In strawberry growing one must find the variety that will fit the son. The Million Dollar is one of the best. The Hurlburt and King raspberry seem to thrive. The Bed Jacket gooseberry is the most prolific. AH berries must be dusted when the leaves are about a third grown. In the case of the tomato enough more can be grown by dusting to pay for all expenses. The John Baer is one of the best, early fruits. S3 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reunion THURSDAY, FEBURARY 24, 1921, Mr. Leonard C. Midgley acted as toastmaster. He opened with . sketch of the organization of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. In 1840 it was informally begun, and incorporated in 1842. Flowers were exhibited from 1840 in the south hall of the Town Hall, the admissions of the first exhibition bringing $207.90. Mr. William Lincoln proposed at that time the formation of the society and it was informally done. By January there were sixty-six members. The Act of Incorporation was drawn up in March, 1842. In 1853 there were over 500 members; now there are only 650. George A. Barnard of Worcester, 1852, is the oldest member. In the old days only one show was held annually, on the day before the Annual Catte Show. $6,847 purchased the land where the building now is; $11,278.35 was the cost of building; the total expense being $18,125.65. The rents then brought $1,600; now they are $18, or 19,000. In 1862 the library was installed in the anteroom of the hall. The importance of the work of the society was well impresssed on the audience and a plea made for more members. A welcome was extended to the Garden Club members of whom there were several present. Mr. Albert Jenks of Middlesex County brought greetings from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. This Society, established in 1829, is the oldest horticultural society in the United States, and the second oldest in the world, the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain being the oldest. It has 1,000 members at present, and A. C. Burridge is president. An invitation was extended to the big Rose Show to be held by the American Rose Society, April 6 — 10. This is to be one of the greatest ever held in the country. The Priscilla Rose, of the Montgomery and Pearson family, is to be shown for the first time outside of the family. Owing to illness, Dr. George M. Twitchell of Auburn, Maine, scheduled to speak, was unable to attend. Honorable Albert S. Pinkerton of Worceester pictured vividly scenes in Worcester of long ago. The various changes on Main street were described in detail. Lincoln Square Station was Avhere it now is, but it has since been painted once. The value of flowers as beautifiers was emphasized, and attention caUed to their use in the streets and walks of foreign cities Cr^ ornaments. Beecher 's words, ' ' Flowers are the lovliest things God ever and forgot to put a soul into ' ' best express the value of flowers. Between speeches music w^as furnished by the Mozart Quartette. 34 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1921 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more tha^n one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges maj' correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conforai strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 5.30 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 12. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 14. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary; and the Secretary is requested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the preceding exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed. 15. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as Pippin, " "Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 16. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 17. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 18. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall 1921J RULES AXD REGULATIONS 3 be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids, carnations and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quaUty of the flowers rather than the quantity. 19. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. •^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 20. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 21. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 22. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 23. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 24. ''Dow^ning's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 25. \\ bile the Societ} will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points. CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FLOWERS.— Arrangement , Quality of blooms, Number of varieties. Properly named. 30 points 25 25 20 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, 30 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 25 " Arrangement, 25 " Properly named, 20 " DISPLAYS.— Arrangement, 40 " Quality, 30 Variety, 30 " COLLECTIONS.— Quality, 40 " Arrangement, 30 " Variety, 30 " Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purposes stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of Books. 1898. WilHam Eames Fund. .1500.00. Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Fred A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1921 fl:3^THE Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule IS. 13. The Judges may exculde from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE EIGHTEEN BLOOMS: Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahhas, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS: A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples : Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards. Notice of w^hich will be taken by the judges in aw^ard- ing the premiums. 2. The Judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that Exhibitors w^ill take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges w^ill not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all EXHIBITIONS OF Lilies the pollen may be re- moved. By vote of the Trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 10, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 11, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Twenty vases, CARNATIONS.— No. 2. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Display in any form. AZALEA, IN BLOOM. — No. 4. One plant, CINERARIA, IN BLOOM. — No. 5. Collection, potted plants, CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, No. 7. One plant, HYACINTH, IN BLOOM.— No. 8. Six plants, PRIMULA, IN BLOOM.— No. 9. Collection of potted plants, ANTIRRHINUM.— No. 10. Vase of twenty spikes, BASKET.— No. 11. Open face, NARCISSUS.— No. 12. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, VIOLETS.— No. 13. 100 in Bunch, PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 14. $100.00 may be used for prizes. Notify Secretary two days in advance. RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 15. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 $3.00 2.50 2.00 Silver Medal Silver Medal 3.00 2.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 5.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7 BEET.— No. 16. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 17. Red, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 18. Savoy, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 19. Any other variety named, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 20. One-half peck. 1 .50 1 .00 .50 CARROT.— No. 21. Twelve specimens. 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 CELERY.— No. 22. Six specimens. 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 23. Six heads, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 MUSHROOM.— No. 24. Twelve specimens. 1 .50 1 .00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. JNo. zo. nubbara. 1 . oO 1 AA C A No. 26. Any other variety, Z. UU 1 , KA -1 i AA . UU KA . oU iLKJNlr, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 27. Yellow Swede, 1 CA 1 AA . UU CA . oU No. 28. White Swede, 1 cr A . 50 1 .00 C A . 50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 29. White Egg, 1, .50 1 .00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. No. 30. Any variety. 1. 50 1. ,00 .50 APPLES.— No. 31. Display not to exceed five varieties, 5.00 4.00 3. 00 2.00 1 .00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 32. Baldwin, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 33. Sutton, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 34. Northern Spy, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 35. Pahner, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 36. Roxbury Russet, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 37. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 19 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 38. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 39. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 40. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 41. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 42. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 43. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 44. For best table decoration, laid for eight covers, no restrictions, Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance,. 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 45. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CARNATIONS.— No. 46. One vase, fifty flowers, other green permissible, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 DANDELION.— No. 47. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9 LETTUCE.— No. 48. Six heads, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 49. Hollow Crown, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 50. Other varieties, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 51. One-half peck, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 52. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 53. Linnaeus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, Tw^o bunches, twelve SPECIMENS EACH. No. 54. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION.— No. 55. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 16 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 56. Twenty vases, S3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 57. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BASKET.— No. 59. Openface, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, twexty-five vases. — No. 60. No duplicates, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 61. Display in vases, 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 00 IRIS, German.- No. 62. Ten vases, three trusses in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 63. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 PEONIES.— No. 64. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 65. Best vase of Peonies, no restric- tions. Five Dollars in Gold offered by ]Mr. William J. Wheeler. BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 66. No restrictions as to arrangement. Notify the Secretary two daj's in advance, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGONIAS, IX BLOOM.— No. 67. Four eight inch pots or pans, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ROSES.— No. 68. Hybrid Perpetuals, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 69. Hybrid tea, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 70. Twenty vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 71. May Duke, 1.50 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries.— No. 72. Glen Mary, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 73. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 74. Senator Dunlap, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 75. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used in prizes. ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 76. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 77. Three specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 78. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 79. Monarch, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 80. Victoria, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 81 . Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 82. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 83. Any variety named, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION.— No. 84. Two bunches, six each, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 23 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 85. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 86. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 87. Collection of cut roses, 8 . 00 6 . 00 4 . 00 No. 88. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 89. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 90. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PEONIES.— No. 91. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 92. Display of outdoor varieties. Silver Medal HYDRANGEA.— No. 93. One plant in bloom. 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet willlim).— No. 94. Twelve vases, one truss in a vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 95. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Exhibits from the Worcester Garden Club, please notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries.— No. 96. Downing's Bride, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 97. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 98. Barrymore, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 99. Meteor, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 100. Collection not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 101. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 102. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 103. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 106. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 107. Gradus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Thomas Laxton, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 109. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 110. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 111. Covering 16 square feet. $10.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 7 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 112. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 113. Two vases, not more than six trusses in each, 3 . 00 2. 00 1 . 00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 114. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 115. Twenty-five vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 116. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 117. Best display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 1 18. Black Eagle, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 119. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 120. Montmorency, 1.50 1.00 No. 121. Best display, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 122. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 123. Named variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. — No. 124. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 125. Perfection, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 126. White Grape, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 127. Versaillaise, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 128. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 129. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 15 CARROT.— No. 130. Two bunches, six in each, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, HALF PECK. No. 131. Wax, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 132. Green Pod, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 133. Admiral Dewey, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 134. Telephone, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 135. Varieties not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 136. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Sweet Pea Exhibition July 14 This exhibition will be open to the pubUc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 137. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 138. One vase, 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 139. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 140. Collection of Sweet Peas, Silver Medal No. 141. Table decoration Sweet Peas, laid for eight covers. Notify the Secretary two days in ad- vance, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 142. Open faced basket, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Exhibits from The Worcester Garden Club, please notify the Secretary two days in advance. RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 143. Cuthbert, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 145. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one quart.— No. 146. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. — No. 147. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 148. Summer, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens.— No. 149. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 150. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, July 21 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No 151. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 152. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 153. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 154. Twenty vases five blooms in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 155. Twenty vases, one flower in PEAR, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 158. Any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH. TWELVE SPECIMENS. — each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 156. Twelve vases, APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 157. Sweet Bough, 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 159. Any variety, BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 160. Early Harvest, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. — No. 161. Sweet, any variety named. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 162. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 TOMATO, TWELVE specimens- No. 163. Any variety named, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE specimens. — No. 164. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 165. Covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 166. Any variety named, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 167. Twelve heads, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, August 4 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 168. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 169. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 170. Twenty vases, one spike in each, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 171. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, (perennial). — No. 172. Twelve vases, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 173. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 174. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 175. Oldenburg, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 176. Yellow Transparent, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 177. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 178. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, twelve specimens. — No. 179. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE specimens. — No. 180. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE specimens. — No. 181. Red June, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. — No. 182. Dwarf Horticultural, No. 183. Any other variety, CORN, TWELVE EARS. — No. 184. Not less than 12 rows, SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 185. Summer, POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. - No. 186. Hebron, No. 187. Irish Cobbler, No. 188. Rose, No. 189. Varieties not scheduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 11 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 190. One large vase, no restrictions as to arrangement, 13.00 2.00 1.00 50 ASTERS.— No. 191. Comet, Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 192. Any other variety. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 LILIES.— No. 193. Display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CANNA, (named).— No. 194. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 195. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 ZINNIA.— No. 196. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 197. Twenty-five vases, no dupli- cates, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 198. Astrachan, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 199. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 200. Golden Sweet, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 201. Clapp's Favorite, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 202. Waddell, 1.50 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 203. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 204. Pole, any variety, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 205. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. — No. 206. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 207. Yellow, Sweet, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 208. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties) , 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 209. Any named variety, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 18 This exhibition will be open to the pubHc from 3 to 9 p. m. GLADIOLUS.— No. 210. Collection, varieties not disseminated, Silver Medal No. 211. Collection, notify the Secretary two days in advance, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 212. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 213. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 214. Not to exceed 30 square feet, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 215. Twenty vases, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 216. Display no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. — No. 217. Vase of 20 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 218. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 219. Twenty vases, five blooms, in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 220. Williams, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 221. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 222. Varieties not scheduled, 1.50 1.00 .50 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Assomption, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 224. Petite Marguerite, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 225. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 226. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 227. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 228. Carman, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 228A. Any other variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 229. Bradshaw, 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 230. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 231 . Washington, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 232. Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 233. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. Gueii, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 235. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 236. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 237. Shell, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 237A String, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 238. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 239. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 240. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. CORN, SWEET. — No. 241. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 242. Half-peck, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 243. Display covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 8 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 244. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. BASKET.— No. 246. No restrictions as to shape, 3 . 00 2. 00 1 . 00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 247. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. Vo. 248. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 POMPON. — No. 249. Twenty vases, three sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED.— No. 250. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA.— No. 251. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 252. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL.— No. 253. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— No. 254. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 255. Gravenstein, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 256. Maiden's blush, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 257. Porter, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 258. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 259. Foundling, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 260. Holden or Fall Orange. 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 No. 261. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. — No. 263. Hyslop, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 264. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. Bartlett, 4. 00 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 266. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 267. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 970 iNO. Z/U. Elberta, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 271. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 272. Crawford (early), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 273. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 274. Golden Varieties, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 275. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 No. 276. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 277. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 278. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 No. 279. Moore's Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 280. For Japanese, varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 281. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 282. Squash, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 283. Any other variety. 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 284. Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 BEAN, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 285. Dwarf Lima, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 286. Large Lima, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 287. Any named variety, . 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (named), six specimens. — No. 288. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CARROT, twelve specimens.— No. 289. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 EGG PLANT.— No. 290. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOIM, native.— No. 291. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. TOMATOES.— No. 292. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 15 CUT FLOWERS.-- No. 293. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 294. Round basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 295. Twenty vases, three flowers in a vase, ^ ^ 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 296. Fifty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA, SEEDLINGS. — No. 297. Twelve vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 Exhibits from The Worcester Garden Club please notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 298. American Beauty or SterUng, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 299. Mother, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 300. Twenty-ounce, 1, .50 1 .00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 301. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 302. Urbaniste, 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 303. ^'arieties not scheduled, five doUars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 304. Display-, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8. 00 6, .00 4 .00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 305. Satsuma, 2.00 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 306. Pond's SeedUng, 1. 50 1 .00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 307. Green IVIountain, 2.00 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 308. Moore's, 1. 50 1, .00 , .50 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 309. Twelve specimens of each, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SQUASH, three specimens. — No. 310. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 311. Golden Hubbard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 313. Paris Golden, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 314. Other varieties. 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Red, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 316. Savoy, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 317. Any other variety. 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 318. Three specimens, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 319. Green Flesh, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 320. Yellow Flesh, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 321. Water, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 322. Twelve specimens, 1. 50 1. 00 .50 Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 22 This exhibition will be open to the pubUc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 323. Twenty vases, 83.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 COSMOS.— Xo. 324. One large vase, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELOSIA.— Xo. 325. Display in vases, 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 00 .50 Xotify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 326. Hubbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 327. Pewaukee, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 328. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS . — No. 329. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 330. Superfin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 331. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 3.00 2.00 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 332. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 X^o. 333. Cra\^-ford (late), 2.00 1.50 Xo. 334. Stump the World, 1 . 50 1.00 1.00 1.00 .50 .50 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. Xo. 335. Brighton, 1.50 No. 336. Campbell. 1.50 No. 337. Lindley, 1.50 X^. 338. Massasoit, 1.50 No. 339. Worden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 31 No. 340. Concord, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 341 . Delaware, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 342. Niagara, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 343. Pocklington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 344. Moore's Diamond, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 345. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 346. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 347. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 348. Not to exceed 16 square feet, S30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 349. Collection not to exceed 25 varie- ties, 12.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 Not if}' the Secretary two days in advance. r Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 13 This exhibition will be open to the pubhe from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection b}^ the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. FERNS.— No. 350. Display, potted plants, named varieties, So. 00 3.00 2.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 351. Cut flowers in any form, S35.00 may be awarded in prizes. CHRYSANTHEMUM.— No. 352. Displaj^, outdoor culture. 3 00 2.00 1 .00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD APPLE BOX. No. 353. Mcintosh, 4 .00 3.00 2 .00 1 .00 .50 No. 354. Any other variety, 4 .00 3.00 2 00 1 .00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS No. 355. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3 00 2 50 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 356. Bellflower, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 357. Sutton Beauty, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 358. Tompkins King, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 359. Fallawater, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 360. Peck's, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 361. Pound Sweet, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 362. R. I. Greening, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 363. Mcintosh, 4. 00 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 364. Northern Spy, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 365. Palmer, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 366. Roxbury Russet, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 367. Canada Red, 2.00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 368. Collection, not to ex ceed 10 varieties. 5. 00 4.00 3. 00 2 00 1 00 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33 No. 369. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 370. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, twelve dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 371. Angouleme, No. 372. Clairgeau, No. 373. Dana's Hovey, No. 374. Langelier, No. 375. Lawrence, 3 No. 376. Winter Nelis, No. 377. Anjou, 4.00 3 No. 378. Cornice, No. 379. Onondaga, No. 380. Bosc, 4.00 3 No. 381. Sheldon, 4.00 3 No. 382. For varieties not scheduled, for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 383. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2. No. 384. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 385. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 386. Champion, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 387. Half peck, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 388. Three specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 389. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 390. Giant Pascal, No. 391. Easy Blanching, No. 392. Any varieties, not scheduled, 1. 50 1 , ,00 . 50 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 2.00 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 1. 50 1, ,00 .50 .00 2.00 1. 50 1, ,00 .50 1. 50 1. ,00 .50 .00 2.00 1. 50 1, 00 .50 3.00 2.00 1. 00 .50 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 .00 2.00 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 .00 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 ten dollars may be used ive .50 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 2.00 1. 50 1, ,00 .50 2.00 1, 50 1, ,00 .50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 ENDIVE.— No. 393. Six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 394. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 395. Red Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 396. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 397. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 398. Hollow Crown, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 399. Any other variety, 2.00 1 50 1 00 . 50 PARSLEY.— No. 400. Half peck, 2.00 1 50 1 .00 .50 PUMPKIN, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 401. Sweet, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 SALSIFY.— No. 402. Twelve specimens, 1 50 1 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 403. Hubbard, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 404. Bay State, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 405. Blue Hubbard, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 406. Any other variety. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 407. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 408. White Egg, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 409. White Swede, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 410. Yellow Swede, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 CORN.— No. 411. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 GRAINS.— No. 412. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. FIELD BEANS.— No. 413. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 3, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 4, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 414. Ten blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, $8 .00 5 . 00 3 . 00 No. 415. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems, 20 . 00 15 . 00 10 . 00 No. 416. Pompons, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 417. Single varieties, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 418. Six Specimen plants, 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 No. 419. One Specimen plant, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 420. Display of Anemonies, 8 . 00 5 . 00 3 . 00 No. 421. Three vases, White, Pink, Yel- low. Twelve flowers in each, one variety in each vase, 10.00 7.00 4.00 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS, covering 100 SQUARE EFET. — No. 422. 30.00 27.50 25.00 20.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, November 1. No. 423. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $40. 00 may be used for prizes. No. 424. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no re- strictions), 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1921 ] SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 425. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibitors may elect, S30 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 426. Fancy Basket of Apples, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2.00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 427. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. WILLIAM FAMES FUND A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, $2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 C. PALMER. • Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 . 50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 7, 1921. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1921. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facihty possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney LrcY M. CouLSON, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library My Growing Garden, by Horace McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, by Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. HambHn. Commercial Gardening, 4 Vols., by John Weathers. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, by A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nurser}' Practice, by M. G. Kains. American Gardens, by Guy Lowell. The Book of The Peony, by Mrs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, by H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. ^leech. Trees, by William Solotaroff. Vegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, by John J. Thomas. li 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Fertilizers, by John F. Voorhees. Soil Fertihty, by Alfred Vi\ian. The American Flower Garden, by Xeltye Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. W. Meyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Garden, by W. P. ^y right. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celer\' Culture, by W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young FaiTner. by Thomas F. Hunt. ^larket Gardening and Farm Xotes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage. Cauliflower and Alhed Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. M. Hexamer. ^lelon Culture, by James Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by W. B. Terry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushi'oom Growing, by B. M. Duggar. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Old-Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raymond Unwin. The Liveable Garden, by Ruth Dean. Vegetable Forcing, by Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberry in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design, by Hub bard A: Kimball. The Mysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by C. F. Warren. Indian Corn Culture, by C. S. Plumb. Wheat Culture, by D. S. Curtis. 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 The Book of Wheat, by Peter Trac\' Dondlinger. The Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferinc Dominguez. Modern Fruit Marketing;, by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. How to Grow Vegetables, by Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, Schuyler Mathews. Tree Wounds and Diseavses, by A. D. Webster. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lovell. The Small Place, b}' Elsa Rehmann. Name This Flower, b}' Gaston Bonnier. Color in My Garden, by Louise Beck Wilder. The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Baile}'. The Apple, by Albert Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince von Puckler Muskau. Forestr}' in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. The Book of Rarer Vegetables, by George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Arnott. Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters, and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, by M. G. Kains. Backyard Garden, b}' Edward L. Farrington. Commercial Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose x\nnual, 1919. Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 20, and Saturday, September 17, 1921 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Massachusetts THE DAVIS PRESS Saturday, August 20 Open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS GROWN FROM SEED.— No. L Not to exceed fifteen vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 6. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 BEETS.— No. 7. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 8. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 9. Two quarts, .75 .50 .25 .25 POTATOES.— No. 10. Twelve specimens, 1 . 00 . 75 . . 50 . 25 SWEET CORN.— No. 1 1 . Six ears, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 12. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 13. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1921 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 14. Not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 15. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 VERBENA.— No. 16. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 GLADIOLUS.— No. 17. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BALSAM.— No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 .00 .75 .50 . 25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 19. Not over 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 21 . Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 22. Six specimens, 1 . 00 . 75 . 50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 23. Two quarts, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 SWEET CORN.— No. 24. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 25. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CUCUMBERS.— No. 26. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 27. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 17 For Children under 14 No. 28. Display of flowers, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 CHINA PINKS.— No. 29. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CALENDULA.— No. 30. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIA.— No. 31. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 32. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 33. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 MARIGOLDS.— No. 34. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 53. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 36. Two quarts in pods, .75 .50 .25 .25 BEETS.— No. 37. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 38. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 39. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 40. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 41. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 42. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .15 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [l921 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 43. Not to exceed 15 vases, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 PETUNIAS.— No. 44. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 CELOSIA.— No. 45. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— No. 46. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 47. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— No. 48. One large vase, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 49. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 50. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 51. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 52. Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 SWEET CORN.— No. 53. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 54. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CABBAGE.— No. 55. Three specimens, . 75 . 50 . 25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 56. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— No. 57. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 58. Two quarts in the pod, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 ONION.— No. 59. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1921] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 A cash prize of $5.00 is offerd by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary, to the Exhibitor scoring the most points in the two Exhibitions. Those under and over 14 years. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall read}' for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates, and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. i SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1921 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition f Thiu-sday, March 10, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, March 11,9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 19, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 23, 3 to 9 p. m. July 14, 3 to 9 p. M. Saturday, August 20 and September 17. Thursday, August 18, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 22, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 13, 3 to 9 p. m. r Thursday, November 3, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, November 4, 9 a .m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the folloTvdng Thursday after- noons, open to the public from 3 to 5.30 p. m.: June 16, July 7, 21 ; August 4, 11 ; September 8, 15. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Arthur J. Marble H. Ward Moore WiLLLm J. Wheeler Allyne W. Hixon Lucy M. Coulson 1, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. Edward Warren Herbert A. Cook President f Leonard C. MmoLEY Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Transactions of the Worcester County Horticultural Society Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the Year Ending December 1, 1922 W. J. BRAZEAU CO. 393 Main St,. Worcester, Mass. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society FOR THE YEAR 19 2 2 President. DAYID L. FISKE, Grafton. Mass. Vice-Presidents. HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbury, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester. Mass. S. LOTHROP DA^-ENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass, Secretary. HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. Librarian. MISS LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester Treasurer : BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Trustees Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Mrs. Edward Warren Benn M. Chamberlain Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister William E. Morey Henry B. Watts George S. Barton Willis E. Carry Fred H? Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain Fred Midgley So. Barre Auburn Lancaster Clinton Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Worcester Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Joseph K. Greene Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Arthur J. Marble Walter D. Ross Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck ^^'illiam J. Wheeler Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall Worcester Standing Committee on Finance Mvron F. Converse, Chairman, 1922 Leonard C. Midgley, 1924 Herbert W Estabrook, 1923 Alfred H. Knight, 1922 Allen J. Jenkins, 1924 Nominating Committee Fred Midgley, 1923 On Libraxy and Publications ■Sdward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney William Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. On Nomenclature Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange Charles Greenwood Henry E. Kinney .Arthur J. Marble William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney George Calvin Rice Arthur J. Marble William J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, David L. Fiske On Arrangements and Exhibitions Albert H. Lange, Chairman. H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson Allyne W. Hixoi. Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secret 'y, Herbert R. Kinney Benjamin C. Jacques Arthur H. Bellows AUDITORS H. Ward Moore JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, Etc. : Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Fruits, Etc. : Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester. Mass. MEDAIi COMMITTEE Albert H. Lange. Chairman President, David L. Fiske Herbert A. Cook ON WINTER MEETINGS David L. Fiske, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley Joseph K. Greene Myron F. Converse Walter D. Ross Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary CONTENTS ANNUAL KEPORTS FOR THE YEAR ]922 Report of President Page 4 Report of Secretary * ' 6 Report of Librarian 12 Report of Treasurer ' ' 14 Report of Finance Committee 18 Report of Judge of Flowers ' ' 19 Report of Judge of Vegetables " 20 Report of Judge of Fruit ' ' 21 Report of Medal Committee " 22 WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1922 LECTURES— January 12 Lecture. ''Care of Ice-damaged Trees," By Harold O. Cook, State Forces. er, Boston, Mass. January 19 Illustrated Lecture. ' ' Old New England Gardens." By Loring UnderAvood, Landscape Architect, Boston^ Mass. January 26 Lecture. ''Fruit Problems" By R. A. Van Meter, Department of Pomolog^y-, M. A. C. January 27 Illustrated Lecture. "English Gardens and the Newer Perennials ' ' By :Nriss Hilda Loines The Worcester Garden Club February 2 Illustrated Letcure. " Mt. Monad- nock — Beloved and Beautiful." By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. February 9 Illustrated Lecture. "Cut Flowers and How to Use Them. ' ' By Edward I. Farrington, Boston, Mass. February 16 Lecture. "Soil Fertility." By Prof. J. B. Abbott, Extension Work, M. A. C. Februaiy 23 Lecture. ' ' Fruit. ' ' By Dr. J. K. Shaw, Experiment Station, M. A. C. 'Reunion and Bancjuet, March 2 Spring Exhibition, March 9 and 10 David L. Fiske, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley Joseph K. Greene Myron F. Converse Walter D. Ross Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney, Committee on Winter Meetings 3 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December 1, 1922 President's Report Members of the Worcester Couuty Horticultural Society upon this 82nd Anniversary of the founding of our Society, it well becomes us to give a few moments thought to the year that has gone. Most regretful of all is the passing of so many, who have long honored our society, the County, the State and the Nation. The Secretary will enumerate the list, (believed to be a record for members) of members, who have died within the past twelve months. Funerals of which it has been the aim of our officers to attend and to brighten with some tribute of ap- preciation. Immediately preceediug our last annual meeting, three days drizzly, misty rain with temperature hovering around the freezing point, had given this section the worst ice storm in all history, leaving all sorts of trans- portation, electric lights, telephones and telegraphs out of commission, littering as it did all streets, ways and door-yards with poles, wires, trees and tree branches. A year has passed and gloom is still w'th the farmer — the tremendously increased fire hazard of his now impenetrable and almost mined wood-lots — the favorite orchard of boyhood days (depending on help conditions) is with him either an incumbrance or a woodpile — the mutulated younger orchard, little but an eye sore with all the old and newer pests, doubling up on the straggling twigs that defied the ice — he finds rapid transit has spoiled highways for his teams, brought distant competitors to his door and that the hitherto dependable inconie of his dairy is now lamentably uncertain again well through the growing season of 1922, it rained and it rained and then some more — fields could not be planted, on acres and acres of those that were, seed was ruined or tiny plants flooded to destruction. All small fruits Avere worthless and peaches by thousands of baskets became unmarketable; potato diseases, blight, funguses and the ever alert weeds flourished like the proverbial green bay tree and all the while hired help, if to be had, displayed more interest in wages than work. With these stubborn facts in view one should see the clearing light of morn, for nought but betterment can come from the worst, as the pendu- lum must swing forAvard so conditions must ch^inie, an(\ they have, our good New England has come back and is still to be praised from early September on, weather conditions were never better and all sorts of autumn 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY fruits and floAvers reached a degree of perfection, seldom if ever equaled — the exhibition tables were loaded, one scarely' knows from where or by whom ; and interested people flocked to our halls in most gratifying numbers, every one was pleased by the revelations seen while the most timid hard- pressed producer could but see that outside competition, in linos of Horti- culture at least need never be feared in our glorious County, In regard to the various activities of our Society it gives me pleasure to report progress in various lines. The committee on Winter meetings fur- nished a most excellent program, their aim being for high standard, rather than numbers, in cooperation with the enterprizing Worcester Garden Club, others were held, all meetings were attended by appreciative audiences Our extensive library is still growing with new books and magazines added, as those of worth appearing. Every member should feel free to enjoy the comforts and cheer of its cosy home. An earnest invitation was received to attend and to take part in legis- lative hearing in regard to preserving our State flower from extinction. Our former President, Mr. Breed, very kindly attended to this matter, and surely deserves the thanks of all concerned. As your President, I have been honored with especial consideration by officials of the Worcester Agricultural Society, the Worcester Garden Club and the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. May this harmony of allied interests never be lost. New members have joined, new exhibitors have ap])eared and we may well hope for more and more accessions as the years roll by. Increasing interest in our calling is all that is needed. In conclusion I wish to congratulate the Society on the genial spirit so m.anifest among its members and exhibitors. And to say that T much appreciate the kindness and courtesy which I have received from all sides during my term of office. DAVID L. FISKE, President. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Secretary's Report TO THE MEMBEKS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Our Winter Meetings, the first on January 12tli, were much better attended than for several years. This was probably due to our having more of the better illustrated ones and to the co-operation of the Garden Club. Our second lecture on ''Old New England Gardens'" Avas not only an attrac- tive subject but by a lecturer of national reputation. Our fourth lecture was furnished by the Garden Club and was very Avell attended as Avere Mr. Gleason's and Mr. Farrington 's. There seems to be no doubt, but Avhat our audiences favor the illustrated lectures. The other four lectures AA-ere practical and the attendance AA^as good. The exhibitions this past season haA^e been as a whole, quite satisfactory. The excess of rain and lack of sunshine during the spring and summer caused some of our crops that need considerable moisture and for that reason are usually planted on moist ground to be in many instances, A-ery badly damaged. Tomatoes Avere a poor crop in many places. Strawberries and cherries suffered from to much Avater and lack of sunshine. FloAvers Avhile the blooms Avere damaged badly at times by the hard rains, there Avas a great quantity of very large floAvers and the foliage Avas excellent. Most varieties of apples Avere good and of large size but, Mcintosh and varieties that are subject to apple scab Avere many of them badly damaged. The Spring Exhibition Avhile not as large as sometimes Avas attractive. The plant exhibits by Lange and Iristhorpe and the shoAving of roses by Randalls FloAver Shop Avere the features. There Avere only three plates of apples. At the May Exhibition thqf plant displays of Iristhorpe and Lange Avere A^ry attractive. There Avere no exhibits of tulips or Hyacinths. At our Rose exhibition the floAvers and fruit shoAved damage from too much rain. The Delphiniums and Iris at the July 6th exhibition Avere very large floAvers but, A^ery soft. There Avere only a fcAv beans and peas shoAvn. The Gladiolus exhibition Avas one of our best and it Avould seem as though it Avould be desirable to change the collection to a display. The shoAving of Dahlias on September 7th, Avas probably the largest of tine floAvers AA'e have ever had in the hall. Our October exhibition Avas a large one, there being some tAventy exhibits of garden tloAvers. There Avere 19 plates of BaldAvin apples but only seven plates of Mcintosh apples. While pears Avere not shoAA'n so heavy as apples there Avere 12 plates of Anjou and 10 of Sheldon. 6 ^VORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY There was a good showing of vegetables. There wei'e seven exhibits each of Danvers onious^ Hubbard and Blue Ilubbnrd squash. There were not so many of the large flowers shown at our Chrysanthe- mum exhibition but, very fine showing of Pompons and Singles. The fruit was nice but, not a large showing. Tlie Children's exhibitions were well attended and there was fully as nuicli interest in tlie competition as any of our exhibitions. NEW ME MB EES Mrs. Ella M. W. Fiske Mr. Arthur A. Phelps Mrs. Florence T. Allen Mr. William A. Greene Mr. Eben F. Thompson Mrs. Sarah S. Dewar Mr. Daniel S. Fiske Mrs. Ida I. Wheeler Mrs. Elizabeth M. Dix Dr. George A. Dix DECEASED ME MB EES Mr. John W. Hartshorn Mr. Cliarles M. Wood Ml-. Joseph T. Clarke Mrs. Alemna M. Knowlton Mr. Charles E. Bond Mr. Arthur W. Woods Mr. Walter D. Boss Mrs. Ella E. Greenwood Mrs. Annie E. Underwood Mr. Joseph K. Greene Mrs. Laura A. Lamb Mr. Albert W. Andrews Mr. Henry E. Townsend Mr. Beim M. Chamberlain Miss Mary E. Atherton Mr. Charles H. Eobinson Mr. Arthur J. Marble Mr. Joseph M. DaWs Hon. Francis A. Harrington Miss Emma A. Pratt Miss Sarah F. Earle Mr. Matthew J. Whittall Mr. Albert A. Gordon Mr. Wm. C. Barnard Mr. Alf. S. Pinkerton Mrs. Ann M. Newell 7 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Annual Meeting of the Society was held December 7, 1921, at 10.15 A. M. President Leonard C. Midgley presiding. The following reports were read and referred to the committee on publication : Secretary 's, Herbert E. Kinney. Treasurer 's, Burt W. Greenwood, Librarian's, Lucy M. Coulson, Finance Committee, Myron F. Converse by Miss Coulson, Winter Meetings, Leonard C. Midgley. Arrangements, Albert H. Lange by Miss Coulson. Flowers, Plants, Etc., Allyne W. Hixon by Miss Coulson. Fruit, Herbert A. Cook. Vegetables, H. Ward Moore. Medals, Albert H. Lange by Miss Coulson. President, Leonard C. Midgley. Fred Midgley read the nomination of the nominating comm'ttee. Mr. Joseph K. Greene moved that the report be accepted and that the Secretary be instructed to east a yea ballot for the candidate nominated. So voted. See officers and committees. The Prefident declared them elected. Treasurer Greenwood said that the Trustees had ruled that it was only necessary (By-Law, Article 12) to appropriate for compensation of officers and premiums at this meeting. He made a motion that $5,000 be appro- priated. So voted. Mr. George C. Rice^ resigned as a member of the trustees. His place was filled by the election of Arthur J. Marble. The motion presented at our last Annual Meeting by J. K. Greene to change Article 5. That the last clause be changed by substituting (20) for (30) as the number necessary for a quorum. Messrs. Greene and Bachelor spoke for the amendment and Messrs. Burt W. Greenwood and Fred Midgley against. On the vote the amendment was lost. Motion presented at our last annual meeting by Miss Francis Morse to amend Article 15 of the By-Laws. To strike out Section Two. To amend Section One. Nominations for officers may be made by members under the same rule as those made by the nominating committee. Nominations may be made from the floor. Messrs. Watts, Adshead and Tyson spoke for the amendment and Messrs. Lange, Greene, Breed, B. W. Greenwood and Cook spoke against changing the article as did Mrs. Breed and Mrs. Forbes. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY On Mr. Fred ^Midgley 's motion, it was voted to lay the amendment on the table. Notice : Motion presented by Mr. H. B. Watts to be acted on at our next annual meeting. That article 15 be dropped from our By-Laws. Motion by Mrs. E. W. Breed. That a committee to be appointed by the chair, to present to Mr. George C. Rice, our respect and deep appreciation of his work and great regret at his withdrawal from his trusteeship. The chair appointed, Messrs, Myron F. Converse, Mrs. Edward W. Breed and Charles Greenwood. WEDNESDAY DECEMBEB 14, 1921 Annual Meeting of the Trustees Meeting called to order by President David L. Fiske. The committees for the year were appointed. See officers and committees. The following appropriations were voted : Premiums : Flowers, Plants, etc $1,200.00 Fruit 1,000.00 Vegetables 750.00 Children's Exhibitions 200.00 Judges 150.00 Salaries : Secretary 500.00 Librarian 800.00 Treasurer 150.00 Winter Meetings 500.00 Publications 400.00 Periodicals 100.00 THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 1922 Meeting of the Trustees Meeting called at 3 P. M. by President Fiske. The President said that the meeting was called to consider a new lease for the Woolworth Co.. and apked Mr. Converse, chaiman of the finance committee to present the matter. Mr. Converse said that the Woolworth Co. Avere anxious to know some- thing about what terms and conditions they might expect to renew their lease. He said some of the members had thought for sometime that it might be desirable at sometime to rent more, perhaps the whole building and look up other quarters for ourselves, that were not quite so valuable for business. Mr. Lange asked if the Woohvorth people had put up any proposition. Mr. Convei-se snid they had not. 9 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Mr. H. Ward Moore said that perhaps the time was near when it would be v»ell to sell. Mr. Converse spoke about letting the property on a net income. Mr. Breed thought we might let the Avhole building except the second fioor. Treasurer Greenwood said that the building Avas in need of consider- able repairs and it would be Avell for the committee to look into that as well as the matter of leasing. Mr. Cook thought it would be well to look up some other location be- fore considering leasing or selling. Moved by Mr. Sherer. That a com.mittee of five, to be appointed by the chair, to work with the Finance Committee, President, Secretary and Treasurer to consider repairs on the building and the leasing of a part of or the whole property. Unanimously voted. The chairman appointed Messrs. Joseph H. Sherer, Edward W. Breed. Albert H. Lange, Fred Midgley and Willis E. Gary. The Secretary read a letter from Norman and Campbell in regard to a bequest of $300.00 from Mrs. Eliza Draper Eobinson : "1 give to the Worcester County Horticultural Society the sum of three hundred ($300.00) dollars in memory of my deceased Father, Edwin Draper, for many years and at the time of his death chairman of Exhibitions, to become a fund, the income of which is to be used as prizes for Horticultural Exhibitions held under the directions of said Society. "I also give to said Society the framed photograph of my said Father." It was voted to except the bequest with thanks. THUBSDAY, JUNE 15, 1922. The committee to consider repairs on and leasing of property was called together by Chairman Converse of the Finance Committee at 4.15. On Mr. Greenwood's motion, Mr, Converse was chosen chairman and Mr. Kinney, Clerk. The chairman appointed the following committee : On repairs and alterations, Fred Midgley, J. F. Sherer, and B. W. Greenwood. On rentals, Myron F. Converse, H. W. Estabrook and Willis E. Cary. HERBERT R. KIXXEY, Secretary. 10 n^ORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY RESOLUTIONS ON MR. GEORGE C. RICE'S RETIREMENT FROM THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Mr. George Calvin Rice, our venerable and honored fellow member, of his own volition, has chosen to sever his official connection with this Society. At our last meeting it was hard for the members to realize the wisdom of his choice, and yet, when we contemplate the many years of his busy life, filled with activities and responsibilities, it is easier to understand his desire to travel in Life 's Evening Hours unburdened with mid-day tasks. We, therefore, accept his gracious and well earned retirement from active duties, and pay homage to him as a man, Avho, through a long period of association with the members of this Society, many of whom are with us no more, has always, and rightfully, enjoyed the respect and honor due to a man of his stalwart character and gracious manner. Mr. Rice became a member of this Society in 1879, was elected 'a trustee in 1882, and honored the Society as its President during the years of 1907 to 1909. His occupation of a life-time was that of a farmer, residing in the well known Family Homestead on Rice Street. , Mr. Rice 's exhibits, in his active days, were among the most con- stant and creditable on the Society's list. It is a matter of great satisfaction that we have the privilege to still number him among us and may that privilege be extended over many years to come. MYRON T. CONVERSE, EDWARD W. BREED, CHAS. GREENWOOD. 3n Hmortam It is with difficulty that we realize the passing from our midst of Mr. Arthur J. Marble, whose life of association with us earned for him our most sincere regard. Mr. Marble was a positive man with an alert and conscientious mind. However his views on any question might differ from those of another it is certain that none doubted his loyalty to the best interests of this Society. He served long and faithfully as a member and officer of our Saeiety and those associated with him bea-^ testimony of his fidelity. Mr. Marble was admitted to membership in 1887 and subsequently served as a trustee, Vice President and as a member of many and impor- tant committees. He died in Worcester September 19, 1922. We shall long miss his counsel and cordial greetings and as a token of our esteem extend to his widow and family this expression of our regard for him. MYRON F. CONVERSE, H. B. WATTS, CHAS. GREENWOOD. 11 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Librarian's Report TO THE MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: In submitting my report for the year 1922, I Avish to state that the circulation of the Library has been unusually large, exceeding any previ- ous year. During the year quite a number of desirable books were added to the library by the Library Committee, including the three Xew Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica. It is gratifying to state that a marked interest has been shown in the number of books taken out on the subject of gardening. The usual work of binding and filing has been continued through the year. As a member of the Library Committee for eighteen years, we have lost in the death of Mr. Arthur J. Marble a valuable and efficient man. He always showed great interest in the Transactions of the Society and was a most earnest and faithful worker. The additions to the Library during tlie year just closed, will be found in the list herewith given. United State Department of Agriculture. Monthly Lists of Publications, December, 1921 to 1922. Farmer's Bulletins. Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station. Memoir, 52, 57. Extension bulletin, No. 48, 55. Leaflet No. 3, 4. Garden Note.s on Peonies from Lee R. Bonnewitz Historic Events of Worcester, from the Worcester Bank & Trust Company. Arnold Arboretum. Harvard University, Bulletins. Thirt\-First Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations. Fundamentals of Co-Operative Marketing. Address by G. Harold Powell. Directions for Blueberry Culture, by Frederick V. Ccville Annual Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners. Sweet Pea Annual, 1922, English. The Annual Rose Society. Conifers and Their Characteristics, by Coltman Rogers. Dahlias. Fertilizers and Large Blooms, by A. Belles. Cultivation of the Dahl:a, Ijy A. Bolles. The Harvesting and Storage of the Dahlia, by A Bolles. The Complete Garden, by Albert Taylor. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by F. Schuyler Mathews. The Gladiolus for Profit, by Raymond M. Champe. Pages from a Garden Note Book, by Mrs. Francis King. Royal Horticultural Society's Annual Report and Accounts for 1921. Notices and Arrangements for 1922. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. LVII, Part I. Applied Entomology, by H. T. Fernald Encyclopedia Britannica, New Vols. I, II, TIL The Amateurs Book of the Dahlia, by Mrs. Charles H. Stout. Rosemary Press Brochures, A Few Minutes With The Wild Flowers of Gardner Mass., by Charles Dana Burrage. Donated by Mr. Eben F. Thompson. Gardening for Women, by Hon. Frances Wolselv. The Well Considered Garden by Mrs. Francis King, New Edition. Gladiolus, by Matthew Crav>ford. Insect Pests of The Farm Garden and Orchard, by E. Dwight Sanderson. Insect Pests of The Farm. Garden and Orchard, by E. Dwight Sanderson and Leonard Marion Peairs. Economic Woods of the Uni^^ed States bv Samuel J. Fecord. Principles of Handling Woodlands, by Henry S. Graves. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL S O C I E 1 Y PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine New Eng-land Homestead The Rural New Yorker The Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florist's Exchange Gardening Farm Journal (iardener's Chronicle Park and Cemetery Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City The Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Growers Journal American Forestry Potato Magazine The National Geographical Magazine Journal of Econcmic Entomogolv Garden Gardening ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS Gardener's Chronicle Eespeetfully Submitted, LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian. 13 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY CO o o ^ I? ?q 55 oc d O ^' X -T-" GC o o a: CO Oi O LTt: CC C\l T— OOOOiOOOCvl CO GO CO t-; GO CO d QO T-HClt-aiOlC^^MGO tH rti 1-H a: a: -I- §^ ^5 § = < S g'-S.S £ g " O O d d a: c O O O CO c O O) C3 2 S £ = ^ ^ ;^ ^ m o P. o li o o o ir:; L.'t p t>- cri c-r^' o (M CD O CO 1-H rH CO o co^ rH 02 I Is I ><1 c ^ ^ :rt a? OS a; ^ '^^ PQ rH TO O O CO CO CO OD a: CO 00 o CO a: GO CM (M QO GO Ol Tti CI T-H rH rH CO CO GO in rH rH GO 00* CO CO CO (M rH rH 1— 1 CO m O 02 Piq CO CQ O »J Q iz; ^ o o T-^ o o o o P CO p p ai rH r-i O Cvi GO TtH T-H O tH CO^ p^ co'^ 02 o CD 05 o o; 02 S w M c« 5:j ^ 03 03 .2 .S 03 03 ^ g ^ 02 Ph K J/: P C WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY CO 1—1 r-l (M 0 CO p CM ci 0 CO ^ GO rH rH 8 t-occoc^ooo p 1-1 p p p CO p (M* O CO O C-^ O CO O cDO"^oc:iOaio Tti O T-1 O Cv] CO <13 oc p. as a? CO CO S o "u ^ o :i s s O O ^ ^ S a; 0 a; O) a3 ^ P g ^ ^ . =^ ^ QO as as o a; ^ £ § § '^l CO o o 000 CO o o co'^ <6 co' CO co^ O (M O CO CO p p r-J csi cr5 p" CO CO Ci o rr Cvl CO rH^ r-T i-T tH ll^ ^ ^ ^ PC 4J ^ > ^ Ci. ^ S C a: ■ > — COO 2 g S S ^ ^ s ?^ ?M c c c CO 16 O R S T E R COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY =3 r-i 2^ fcX) =: o to XJl 17 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Finance Committee TO THE OFFICEES AND ^^lEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Your Finance Committee has but little of unusual interest to report to you at this time. The year closes with a balance in' the Treasury as indicated by the Treasurer's Report. Repairs of a minor nature only have been made to the- building — more however should be undertaken in the near future, including the redecoration of the Main Hall. The prospect is good of doing this work during the coming year. The Trustees at a recent meeting complied Avith our request that an Advisory Committee be appointed from among their own number to assist this Committee in the consideration of the important matters which arise from time to time relating to the larger affairs of the Society. No meeting of the joint committee, save only for organization, has yet been held. The lease of the present ground floor tenants has yet several years to run, but before that time, and for your benefit, the joint committe will have given careful consideration to the general proposition of leasing the stores and appurtenances thereto. This Committee is always happy to receive comments and suggestions from our members and that fact is especially emphasized in the hope that good may come to the Society thereby. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, HERBERT W. ESTABROOK, Members of the Finance Committee. December 6, 1922. 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Medal Committee A. N. Pierson, Novembei- 2, 1922, Commonwealth Rose. Blake Medal. Respectfully submitted, ALBERT H. LANGE, Chairman Medal Com. 19 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURxiL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Vegetables ME. PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY I hereby submit my report as Judge of Vegetables: The exhibitions of vegetables for the season of 1922 Avere, generally speaking of good quality though someAvhat lacking in quantity. We cer- tainly miss several of our larger contributors of former years. NeAV exhibi- tors are not coming forward to take their places as fast as we would wish. The past season offered no excuses for failure to exhibit on account of droughts as has been the case in past years. The different kinds of vegetables Avere ready for exhibition on scheduled time. Some of the more noticeable features of the vegetable exhibitions were the folloAving: Of the fifty-six premiums offered on Aegetables at the March Exhibition only nineteen AA'ere aAvarded. This was only one-third of the total. Perhaps this Avas partly due tc the fact that most of the premiums offered AAere for vegetables that had been kept in storage from the 1921 crop Avhich Avas an unusually poor one. The shoAvings of peas Avere rather feAv^ particularly the later A^arieties. These seem to have been almost a failure in many places. SAA'eet corn Avas rather late oAving in part to the cold AA-et Aveather. The first call for Potatoes brought out only one exhibit, the same being true of the last one, the ' ' Collection of Six Varieties. ' ' The ' ' Displays of Vegetables ' ' haA^e been very good throughout the year Avith plenty of competition, but the "Collections of Vegetables not to Exceed 25 Varieties" Avas just the opposite, there being only twoi exhibits and practically no competition, the smallest shoAving I belieA'e I have ever seen in this class. This seems to have been a good year for Tomatoes as Ave have had some excellent tomatoes shoAvn and the ' ' Displays of Tomatoes ' ' Avere extra good. We also had one "Table Decoration of Tomatoes" Avhich Avas some- thing out of the ordinary and deserves special mention. The early calls for Squashes brought out only comparatiA^ely feAv exhibits but at the October show both the quantity and the quality Avere extra fine. At this exhibition \Ae also noted the absence of any exhibits of grains and the small shoAA-ing of field corn. Of the $689.50 offered for Vegetables in our schedule only $484.50 AA-ere aAA-arded for the regular premiums and $79.50 for gratuities, a total of $564.00, leaving a balance of $125.50 on the credit side. Respectfully submitted, A. WARD MOORE. 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Fruit The past season has been more favorable for all kinds of fruit than the season of 1921. The fruit and shade trees were badly damaged by the ice storm of the 26th, 27th and 28th of November, 1921. The older apple and peach trees were badly broken down, but the peach trees bore a good crop on what was left of the trees. The peaches Avere large and of fine Ciuality. There has been more trouble Avith cedar rust this past year than usual. It has shoAvn more on Mcintosh and Delicious than on other varieties. It is hard to control; iu order to get the best results the trees should be sprayed before the blossoms open. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as folloAvs: StraAvberries 38, cherries 30, raspberries 9, currants 27, blackberries 18, gooseberries 10, grapes 54, quinces 16, apples 200, pears 96, peaches 48, plums 58, displays of fruit 9, blueberry 1, barberry 1, nectarines 2, making a total of 617 premiums and prizes aAvarded, 284 more than last year. The prize for blueberries "was I think the first prize ever given for the garden groAvn variety by the Worcester Horticultural Society. These AA-ere grown by Mr. David L. Fiske of Grafton. I think the time wiU come AA'hen blueberries Avill be groAvn and exhibited like other fruits. Eespectfully submitted, HEEBEET A. COOK, Judge of Fruit 21 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers Your judge on flowers and plants has attended to his duty to the best of his ability and on the most part very harmonious. The Spring Show was fine and a credit to any Horticultural Society. The shows as a whole were very good, especially the exhibits Gladioli and Dahlia's, which were of very high standing. There were some seedlings in both classes which were Avell worthy of note. The displays of cut flowers during the year were some of the best ever shown. At the Chrysanthemum Show it was noted that very few large blooms were shown, the tendency being to show more Pompon, Single and Anemonie.=>. It might be said right here that the weather was very detrimental to the groAAing of some kinds of plants and flowers, either being all rain or no rain. Kespectfully submitted, ALLYXE W. HIXOX, Judge of Flowers and Plants. 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 12 Lecture— "CARE OF ICE-DAMAGED TREES." By Harold O. Cook, State Forester, Boston, Mass. In order to deal successfully with these ice-damaged trees their life process must be understood. The centre of the woody part, the pith, is spongy and forms a ready (.-hannel for the spread of decay. Heartwood is that which was alive but is now dead. It is not vital in the life of the tree but serves as its support. Sapwood is the living part. Through this the moisture is carried to the foliage. The cambrium layer is the process which produces annual growth. Decay, the lowest form of plant life, is a great menace to the ice- damaged tree. The smallest class lives on healthy wood; another type on partially dead or disordered matter; and the third, entirely on dead wood. The second class is what will attack the ice-damaged tree. This fungus reproduces by sending out spores which fill the air. They are not present, however, in cold weather; so it is not necessary to do tree surgery during the winter time. The six principles in the repair of trees are: 1. Remove the dead branches or badly broken ones 2. Smooth over all breaks and cuts 3. Sterilize 4. Excavate and fill the cavaties 5. Avoid the use of spurs as much as possible 6. Avoid treating the trees in the spring as at that time the cambrium is full of sap. It would be better to do it in cold weather, or wait until July, August, or into the fall. If the damaged branch is more than six feet long, remove it if necessary, or allow it to stay, if it is not too badly impaired, and trust the rest to Nature. If the branch is less than six feet cut it back, bu: be sure to have a live branch at the terminus. Large, ragged scars should be smoothed over and treated. Make the surface as smooth as possible so it will shed moisture. Loose and ragge-l bark should be trimmed off and cut back. Then the wound should be sterilized with ordinary commercial creosote. In summer time use shellac as this is sterilized. Then cover the wound with water proof material. Grey or red house paint Avorks well; but coal tar or asphalt paint is better as either is applied only once, while house paint needs two or three applications. Tree excavation does not always work well, as no satisfactory fillinjr has as yet been found. The best thing to do is to excavate, then let the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY tree alone. Cement is not a good filler as it cracks and allows the moisture to get in. Forked branches have a tendency to split, so should be bolted, when damaged. Bolts should be put through the tree. Xever put bands around it. A good guy wire is a five-eights inch cable. In pruning do not attempt to shape the crown at this time. In the case of mutilation, it is perhaps better to cut away the branch. Always keep a balance beween the roots and crown. A disturbance of this bal- ance was caused in many -cases which means that part of the root system must die to compensate for the loss of foliage. The individual tree must be considered. Slides were shown of many ice-damaged trees. These trees in gen- eral are healthy and are in a good condition to repair themselves. It is only the decayed tree that is beyond assistance^ and that condition was present before the ice storm. 24 WORCESTER COCNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 19 Illustrated Lecture, "Old New England Gardens." By Loring Underwood, Landscape Architect, Boston, Mass. Mr. Underwood was asked by the Xew England Society of New York to make a record of old Xew England gardens. The result is a fine collection of colored photographs finished by the lumier process. This process is the greatest advance of photography made in fifty years. The New England garden was primarily a simple affair, since it was designed and built principally to be lived in. It was for family enjoy- ment. There were two kinds; the intimate or jardin intime; and land- scape type, with a border and divisions. The Longfellow garden behind the Craigie House in Cambridge was shown. Here, General Washington stopped at the time of the seige of Boston. It was a simple garden with many roses in it; and stood for repose and a mystic atmosphere. Xear by, the Harvard Botanical garden showed the crown imperial, fine foliage of peony, and the orange and lemon day lily. Professor Sargent's garden in Brookline made a pretty picture in its simple style. Ponds are an attractive feature in any garden. Here the German and English iris grew peacefully side by side. All types of lilac, Japanese tree peonies^ pines, oaks and maples made the garden a worthy sight. Pictures of the Arnold Arboretum were taken on a hazy day in spring, and the first impression is that they are more like paintings than nature. The hardy azalia, brought from Japan, predominated in this garden. The Hunnewell garden at Wellesley, 1852, was all open in the centre, and had walks bordered by flowering shrubs, and a background of white pine. Many peonies, one of the oldest flowers known, decorated the gar- den. The immense poppy garden was the brilliant salmon red. The Chinese cypress in the background lent enchantment to the whole scene. At Dedham was the garden of the late General Wells. Tulips were in full flower in this simple circular garden, and yellow oak leaves appeared in the background. Each variety of pansy, tulip, peony, larkspur, blu3 nhlox and chrysanthemum was planted at intervals throughout the entire garden, in masses, yet not too close together. The entrance to this gar- den is unusually attractive, and the whole artistic arrangement proves the value of the thirty years required for the building of it. Boulders give it a very natural trend. The little primrose garden is one of the strong points of the place. 25 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Other famous gardens shown were the Adams gardens at Quincy, that of the Lothrop School at Grotton^ the Robinson garden in Salem, the Wayside Inn at Sudbury, and grounds of the Old Manse at Concord; as well as feature gardens seen at Cambridge, Plymouth, Peterboro, Man- chester and Topsfield. Each represented the ideal old New England type with its garden wall and array of hollyhock. 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANXTARY 26 Lecture — ' ' Fruit Problems. ' * By R. A. Van Meter, Department of Pomology, M. A. C. In the recent ice storm more old than young trees were affected. These injuries will show up more than ever when the fruit crop comes. If the injured tree is a young one and a filler in an orchard to be cut ou^ after fifteen or twenty years, ^reat effort should be made to save it; whereas, if it is a permanent tree to stand for fifty or more years, great judgment should be used, as the tree may not be worth the repair. Fillers are good trees. All badly broken trees should be replaced at ouee. Remove broken branches irom young trees and nature will attend to the filling in. Bolting trees works well and is well worth trying. Have a water tight condition or it may not last long. Put something such as grafting wax, tanglefood or plastic cement in the cleft to keep the water out ; and pull the tree together, making a water-tight joint. Young apple trees are worth this trouble. Bolt through the split part and pull as tight as possible. Place the brace two or three feet above to support it; and screw an eye in to hold it. Xever brace where the tree has branches. A wire bra.ce is the best. Leave loose eyes near the screw ends and pull just tight enough to hold the bolt. For old trees a heavy wire cable or chain is used. If in doubt about an old tree, let it stand for a year, then if it bears no fruit, cut it down. Wounds in large branches should be treated with oil paint and white lead; but do not put it on a fresh wound as it will crack. Rot works beneath the surface, so wait until the wound is weathered. Foresters treat wounds differently,, some using creosote, and others shellac for large wounds. Smooth the wound before painting as this will prevent the collection of water. Forked branches of equal size tend to split. The only way to prevent this is to cut back one branch, making it smaller than the other. Fruit growers should observe these rules: 1. Provide adecjuate food supply 2. Prune to open the tree out for sunlight and air 3. Spray to protect the tree and crop. Spraying will not put on fruit, but will protect what is already there. Regarding fertilization, it is always nitrogen that is lacking in fruit trees, so always use it, and especially on the apple tree. Phosphoric acid and potash is good sometimes, but in the orchard, nitrate of soda is the best. Trees in cultivated ground need no fertilizer; but 90^c of the trees of this state are grown in sod and require some fertilization. Manure is the best of all, but when this is scarce use it on something else, and use nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia on the trees. From the middle of 27 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY May to the last of June is the growing period of apple trees; then food fertilization is available. Judgment is required in the amount used. For a young tree use one ounce per year of nitrate of soda for each year the tree has been set. The bearing age is from eight to ten or twelve years; at which time five to fifteen pounds per tree is required. The water supply is very vital. Pile rubbish around the tree over the feeding roots and around the trunk, as grass and such matter hold water in the soil. Use acid phosphate for a strong crop of grass. Cork spots in the Baldwin are due to uneven moisture in the soil, caused by plenty of early rain, then a drouth. Pruning does a great deal to invigorate fruit spurs. It opens out the top and directs the flow of sap. Winter is a good time to do pruning. Get out small, superfluous branches. Vigorous trees haven't the troubles found in other trees. In pruning a tree that has not been pruned for a long time, go slowly, as too much will do a lot of harm. Cut a weak tree back more than you would a strong, healthy tree. To much pruning dwarfs and takes longer for fruit bearing. Sparce pruning is best every time. It took 150 years' experiment to prove that clear branches do not grow so strong or well as bran.ches with side shoots on them. Allow short branches to grow on the scaffold branch as every leaf feeds the tree. Spraying is more uncertain now than ever. The Experiment Station is working in Middlesex County, trying to accomplish a better spray system or schedule. On check plots not sprayed the leaves were taken off. In the Bordeaux-sprayed trees the apples stuck better when they first came than they did on the lime sulphur trees. Yet, there is a strong feeling that lime sulphur is good and ought to be used more. Spores causing the apple scab disease are the greatest thing we have to fight now. They are carried by leaves scattered over the orchard. Something strong enough to burn the leaves must be used. When the disease once gets into the leaf we just have to let it grow. Spores starting at blossom time, then there is an outbreak in June. The first discharge takes place in a few days. It should be overcome in the blossom pink stage. Tlie dor- mant spray is as good as ever, and cures aphis. The codling moth spray is put on just after the petals fall. Seven to fourteen gallons are re- quired for a large tree. Cover every leaf thoroughly, as only a really good spraying is successful. The three sprays are the delayed dormant, blossom pink and the codling moth. 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 27 Illustrated Lecture — "English Gardens and the Newer Perennials." By Miss Hilda Loines, tlie Worcester Garden Club. Last year Miss Loines represented this country at the English Women's Farm and Garden Union at London. The Duchess of Argyle, the president of the organizr.tion, received tlie delegation, and they wqy'? entertained at the King's garden at Windsor. Great Britain is noted for the fine gardens and large variety of flowers resulting from the climatic advantage and traditionary lore. Horticulture was introduced into Britain by the Komans, among whom was the enthusiastic Pliny, The Teutonic invasion into did much harm, but the monasteries repaired the damage. The history of the monastery gardens of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries is an interesting one. At first they were chiefly for veglables; but the many flowering plants used for medicine gradually brought with them into the garden, flowers for beauty. In the reign of the Tudors, at the time of Cardinal Wolsey, the Garden at Hampton Court was famous. Queen Elizabeth's time in- troduced the Italian, French and Holland gardens to England. From the reign of the Tudors until the present time all sovereigns have fur- thered the interest of horticulture. Such interest has no counterpart in this country. The English have an advantage over this country in their long damp season. One of the great essential characters of their garden is their ele- ment of privacy and repose. Walls protect the family from the outside world and hospitality prevails in the garden which is an outdoor living room. Here, there is no approach to the English garden family life, un- interfered with by the outside world. The yard or enclosure is the main feature of the success of the garden. Many English gardens are divided by walls into spring, summer, luitumn and winter, with a definite color scheme for each season. St. John's College at Oxford has a remarkable garden, bounded on two sides by walls, and extending from the stone structure back to the woods. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century the present culture that the garden shows, was achieved. Dampness, the most favorable condition for the garden, helps to make it what it is. Flowers last weeks and months in England where they last only days with us. We hear of 2700 varieties grown in one garden, and 12,000 in another. Some of these are on their way to America, but the Qurantine Act makes entrance diflicult, A thousand amateurs in England devote years and years to the study of one flower which may become known through this study. 29 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY From the nobility to tlie station-master and clergy, all are interested in such study and research. Garden clubs here are going to foster the same interest as that achieved in England. During the last ten or fifteen years gardens have made more advance than at any previous time, due to the garden club movement. A book recommended for study is William Eobinson 's "Gardening." Montague Free thinks that much of the success of Eng- lish gardens is due to preparation and richness of the soil. Humus is very necessary; and only rich, deep beds are successful. Our shallow beds are the cause of many failures. Yards of only eight by ten feet in England are covered with bright flowers. Almost every town and village has its allotment gardens. Intelligent interest in flowers is seen throughout the entire country. All English literature is sprinkled with references to the beauty or horticul- ture fostered in the people. Many fine slides showed the variety of styles prevalent in England. A South Devonshire garden with pink roses on one side and pink gera- niums on the other was very effective. The yellow tea rose and mauve violet made a good combination. Little rock gardens are very popular and attractive. The kitchen garden is not a plain veegtable garden, but has dwarf trees, German Iris and other varieties in it. A stone bird basin makes a pretty ornament and useful contrivance for the garden. A typical s.cene is the thatched roof, and whitewashed walls covered with ivy. Hydrangea makes a good hedge. During the war nine girls were sent from the Thatcher School near Reading to the King's garden at Windsor to replace men who Avere at the front. In southern England on the estate of the Earl of Clarendon is a famous garden school. Other views shown were the Duke of Westminster's Elizabethan gar- den; and the popular peacock garden in which all beds are in the shape of peacocks. Just outside Dublin is a fine Irish garden taken over by two young women who are beginning their garden experience. The Irish yew is among the most beautiful evergreens. The Rock Garden of Edinboro, of nearly ten acres, is one of the most famous in Europe. A corner of the iris garden of the Royal Horticultural Society grounds was shown; also the rectangualar garden of the Tudors at Hampton Court. 30 WORCESTER COT N T V 11 O R T I C I' L T U R A L S O C 1 E T Y FEBRUARY 2 Illustrated Lecture — "Mt. Monadnock — Beloved and Beautiful." By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Mt. Monaduack, one of four of the same namCj is the grandest be- cause of the beauty and vital appeal to all. It is the biggest little moun- tain in the world, being one-half the height of Mt. Washington. Starr King says that Mt. 'Monadnock on account of Emerson's poem has become the most noble mountain in literature. The name is an Indian one, sug- gesting the type of a certain mountain. Slides showed a western scene of late summer with the great con- trast of colors. A contour map pictured the many trails of the mountain. Winter scenery has an especial charm with its delightful variety of dis- play. Tracks of foxes, squirrels and others animals could be seen in t he snow paths. Views of ledges, lakes and frost effects in rocks were seen. The entrance to a muskrat burrow was shown; and crystal formation. Ordinary boots for climbing in winter are dangerous. Ice creepers, a sort of sandal, should be used. The summit is very iey^ and it is danger- ous to climb to it if a storm is approaching. Next came views of the pussywillow after winter has passed, witli lingering snow, brilliant red maples, and arbutus in abundance. It is hoped that the bill now pending to prevent the sale of the arbutus will achieve passage, and thereby preserve to us this most cherished of all New England flowers. The rhodora, appleblossoms and the lilac came into view. The summer season showed a fine crop of dandelions. In connec- tion with Mr. Poole 's hotel is a pine grove kept intact. An elm there with five trunks is called the Five-fingered Elm. The blue flag, wild rose, meadowsweet, and varieties of the lily grow on the mountain in abund- ance. In the village near by is the old Catholic Church now used for the Town House. Trails lead to the summit of the mountain where is located the maple tree which serves as a guide post to people who have lost their way. The Red Cross trail is the most noted. It is named after the red crosses of paint all along the way, and not after the organization by th;j.t name. The Half Way House is 2,000 above the level of the sea. Mr. Scott Smith of Providence is the builder of many trails. On the mountain are Thoreau's Seat and Emerson's Seat, rocks named after the men of those names. Thoreau could see this mountain from his home in Concord; and made it the subject of one of his most notable poems. In 1843 Thoreau made his first visit to the mountain and the spot where he camped was shown in the slides. In 1858 he went there with Harrison Blake of Worcester. He slept V)eneath a lean-to aoain^t a rock. Later 31 ^^' OR C ESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY he. spent a week there with Channing. Three years ago Mr. Gleason located the spot where their camp was pitched, finding the fireplace and other features described by Thoreau. Summit Eidge, which more than any other appealed to Thoreau, was shown. A night scene from here is wonderful, being filled with an element of mystery. The condition of the rocks, rounded, groined and polished, resulting from glacial action, was noticed by Thoreau. In his day the modern glacial theory had not been broached, so he made no attempt to account for the phenomena. He noticed that there were areas of small rocks entirely devoid of any vege- table growth, yet there was plenty of it around them. This terraced formation called '^roches moutonnes'' or mutton rocks is one of the greatest geological phenomena. The Monadnock Eoar is a small whirlwind in which grass, leaves and other matter whirl down the mountain making a great noise. The several cysterns on the mountain are used for bath tubs. Dublin Spur is the wildest part of the mountain and the least frequented. Many fine views of the wild flowers of that section were shown on the screen, and characteristics of each season portrayed. A quotation of Emerson's poem closed the interesting talk and illustrations. 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 9 Illustrated Lecture — "Cut Flowers and How to Use Them." By Edw u'd I. Farrington, Boston, Mass, A million dollar business is done in cut flowers in Boston alone each year. London sells 3,000,000 violets a day. Slides were shown to explain the various arrangements of flowers. Nasturtiums can stand massing. They thrive better in a fish globe than fish do. Beauty of form is different from massed color and requires different planning. Stiff stems should be dis})layed to keep the same habit. Some people display for color rather than for contour. Peonies are the most useful cut flower. If cut in the bud in the morning and kept cool, they .will last several days. The upright habit is shown in the aster. It is a very satisfactory flower as it will keep for a long while. Orchids look well in Italian cream jars. Simple holders like these should be used when the beauty of the flower is the important feature. Flowers must have plenty of oxygen after being cut. A bud vase for a single bloom with a touch of color is very attractive. Pottery is the best holder for general harmony. The basket arrangement is extremely popu- lar at the present time; for there is no kind of flower that does not look well in a basket. Heather in a basket without water will sometimes last three or four mouths. We must consider a background for flowers. They make a fine dis- play set in front of a mirror. A brass holder is attractive for brilliant garden flowers. Magenta plus Wolet or purple is an artistic effect. Low bowls, after the Japanese, are in particular use for all kinds of flowers. Gla?s holders are good, too. Flowers should be made to look as natural in the holder as they do in the garden. The Japanese teach the arrangement of flowers. Their scheme is the triangular division, the top of which represents heaven; the middle one men; and the lower one, earth. Heaven is the identical spot where the flower emerges. Usually an uneven number of blossoms is employed; as a better effect is made than by even numbers. The Japanese try to have flowers come close together as if in a pot. Sometimes they have stems bent in an artistic way. This is accomplished by placing the thumb at the bottom of the stem, and the fingers at the top: and continuing for a half hour or so, or by soaking in water the stem, already started. Germany uses flowers in a mass; while Japan uses a few. Franecseo Brack can get as artistic an effect with wild as with cultivated flowers. The lilac, daffodil, wild carrot, snapdragon are all as pretty as the cul- tivated bloom and can be arranged to as good an advantage. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The old-time gladiolus are best for tlie summer. If cut properly they will last a week or ten days. A knife should be used for cutting. Cut dahlias eaily in the morning and strip the leaves from the stems. If poinsettias are dropped in hot water just as they are cut they will last longer. The blue flag has a sword for a leaf and a lily for a heart. The Japanese iris is the queen of all. The red rose is the national flower of England. There is a 6,000.000 dollar wholesale rose business every year. The chrysanthemum comes in the fall when other flowers are hard to get. This is not a native of Japan; but came from China thousands of years ago. Carnations are sold each year to the value of $4,000,000. They are very adaptable and last an un- usually long time; hence they are the best of our winter flowers. Old colonial bouquets are being revived. White flowers are indispens- able in any arrangement, but when used they are not strong enough for good effect. Contrast and harmony are two things to be considered. Good effects are obtained by contrast as well as harmony. Yellow roses and lilacs give delightful harmony. Sweet peas must have an opening at the top of the vase so that the air can get in. Salt and sugar in the water really make the flowers last a longer time as they draw the moisture out of the stem. Cut flowers under water, as the moisture in the stems almost always rises. If scissors are used to cut flowers be sure to cut them again with a knife. Each day cut off an inch, and the flowers will last longer. The snowberry is very ornamental in early winter; and the bayberry gives a rich Japanese effect. Just drop them into a vase and they will take a natural position. Fruit arranged in baskets produces a good effect. The tendency now is to use clay fruit for decorative purposes, but this should be strongly guarded against. The slides shown were extremely pleasing and the advice given was well worth hearing and following. 34 WORCESTER COUNTY H O R T I C U L J U R A L SOCIETY FEBRUARY 16 LECTURE. ' ' SOIL EERTILITY By Prof. J. B. Abbott, Extension Work, M. A. C. lu New England there is a heavy depletion of the soil, which must be made up for year by year. Prices have been so low for the past few years that the farmers could not maintain necessary returns for this re- l>lotion of the soil. Seed down to grass and keep expenses as low as possible. Peculiar economic coditions always follow a war. Increased population is a period when agricultural products will run higher. Buy good land no matter how much in debt you may find yourself, and stand chances of making good. Poor soil always pays poor wages for every minute put into it. Develop a system of handling land to bring paying results. Necessary reforms are the vastly more effective conser- vation of organic matter, supplementary phosphoric acid, use of nitrous fertilization, and the use of lime in some cases. Conservation of manures is a necessary knowledge. There is an un- necessary waste of plant foods around the barn; then, too, there is a failure in the livestock maintenance of the soil. Ammonia gas is allowed to escape from the manure pile. A way to avoid this is to keep it air- tight, have a dry floor, an absorbent, and keep as much moisture as pos- sible in it as this will keep the air out. Regulate a system for restoring organic matter to the soil. Reenforce the soil with phosphate fertilization; increase this amount and get fine food. Put acid phosphate with manure at the time it is made or when putting it in the field. A better way is to drill acid phos- phate in the row at the time of planting. This has a great capacity for stimulating young seedlings. Do not put it in the hill but drill from one hill to the other, then it won't burn the seed. Acid phosphate is better than lime as it removes the toxic substance from the soil. A great mistake is made in following advice from the West as the soil there does not fit our condition at all. Top dress hay fields with nitrate of soda, as this leaves the soil in a much better condition. Timo- thy meadows if allowed to run down are of no use. Nitrate of soda is the cheapest method. The use of complete high-grade fertilizers is most profitable. It al- ways pays to follow this advice. Use lime across a narrow strip of land; then if it pays go on and use it extensively. It is not always necesary to plow under a green manure crop. Fresh, decomposed organic matter is the best idea. Take manure out and spread immediately; then it won't lose so much value as if left in the pile all winter, where it will heat and the ammonia escape. 35 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 23 Lecture: "Fruit" By Dr. J. K. Shaw, Experiment Station, M. A. C. The heading back of young trees should receive great consideration, as poor pruning causes dwarfing. The central leader type should be maintained if possible. Prune in the spring and not in the summer. Do it when the tree is young by thinning it out. Nitrate of soda is a good food if not overdone, as it increases quan- tity. There is a question as to whether the pale color of fruit on a tree of delayed maturity may not be due to the overuse of nitrate of soda. This food is good for the growing tree and no deleterious effect is noticed if an overdose is not us 3d. More fertilizer is needed in a sod orchard than in a soft one. An undesirable effect of cultivation is felt if the orchard is plowed each year as the root system is broken up. It is thought that a week or ten days before blossom time is best for putting on nitrate of soda. Use from three to five or ten pounds to a tree as the case may require. The attempt now is to get a better variety of peach. The Alberta is the best yellow flesh peach at the present time. The Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association is attempting to cer- tify trees that the mistaken identity of them may be overcome. Many mistakes occur in the packets, but the nurserymen are not the only ones at fault. If the nursery tree is labelled before the tree is dug there can be no mistake. Slides were shown of many orchard scenes in which the Baldwin, Thompkin's King, Red Astrachan, Northern Spy, Wagner, Roxbury Rus- set, Tolman Sweet, Oldenburg and Wealthy varieties figured. The his- tory of the various leaves was explained and illustrated. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Worcester County Horticultural Society Banquet MARCH 4, 1922 David L. Fiske of Grafton, presiding. MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AND FRIENDS: It is with great pleasure that your President can and does give to so many a hearty welcome to the various activities of this the eighty-first Annual Reunion of the Society — a Society formed before some of us were born — an off-shoot from the Agricultural, which in those days was con- tent to hold its Fairs on and about Salem Square, then a hill, up which loads tested the strength of the strongest of oxen, and with temporary posts and fences to secure the lesser cattle on the vacant spots among the grave stones then on the Common. How that Society has grown! How our Society has grown! from twenty-four members to near seven hundred today. How Worcester has grown! From a mere town of eight hundred inhabitants in 1840 to a city of more than twenty times that num- ber. Who can tell what the centuries still to come will bring? Your Committee on Winter Meetings, of which this is the last, has met with unusual affliction, in that it has, within a few days, with un- expected suddenness, as of a lightning stroke, lost two out of its six members. The first, Mr. Ross, a most valued and faithful assistant, — one I have personally known, even before his business days began, and seen rise through various connection up to that of the Worcester Agricultural Society's peerless President — of whom I can gladly and truthfully say, that to know him was but to love and respect him. The other, Joseph K. Greene, Esq., for years an active and ever- attending member of our Society, quiet and unassuming, yet highly equipped Avith wit' and wisdom ever at command, — one whose place only an optomist can hope to fill. But we must continue on in full conciousness that in no way can we better honor the dead than in efforts for advancement of the living. Come to us. The Worcester County Horticultural Society is an edu- cational institution. It is here to do good; its library of nearly four thousand volumes, with up to date works added each year, is ever for the perusal of its members here and at home, and every well intentioned person in the community is cordially invited to enjoy the papers, books, and comforts of the reading room, also to inspect and join, throughout the season, in the various exhibitions, which are often of the most ex- quisite loveliness. We will now appreciate a song by our good friend Malcom Midgeley. 37 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY In early years, instead of quoits or ball or — TRUANT— the bash- ful, tow-headed boy on our farm for amusement, played with a pair of steers. Wlicn they had attained the mature age of two years, they were escorted to the Cattle Show on the Common. The premium awarded these innocent creatures made their owner a member. And today, as member of longest standing of the Worcester Agricul- tural Society, he is pleased to congratulate the President of shortest standing, — Philip N. Curtis, who sends regrets he is unable to be present. From the President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society comes the following letter: Mr. David L. Fiske, President, Worcester County Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass. Dear Mr. Fiske: I thank you most sincerely for the invitation to attend your annual reunion on March second, and if I am in Massachusetts I shall certainly try to do so, but I rather expect to be in Cali- fornia at that time and therefore, to avoid any embarrassment to you, I must regret, both for Mrs. Burrage and myself, that we are unable to attend. Hoping to have the pleasure of meeting you in the near future, I am, Yours sincerely, ALBERT C. BURRAGE. From our Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, comes the following: Your kind invitation to be present at the annual reunion of the Horticultural Society on March second has been received. We are grateful for your attention although, as you well know, we need no incentive to attend these gatherings. I regret very much to say that some time ago I made an engagement for that evening, which it seems rather hard to break. Sincerely, ARTHUR P. RUGG. MR. PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: I am sure you are as sorry as I am that Mrs. Whittall is not here tonight to represent the Garden Club. Then in addition to this misfor- tune, the Garden Club itself is such an infant in accomplishment, that individually and collectively, we feel a good deal of diffidence in talking 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY about ourselves at a meeting of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, which has been the medium of inspiration and education for horticulture since 1840. But always from the first your society has wel- comed us cordially, lending us your hall for meetings and inviting us as a club to exhibit at your flower show, and in many other ways, mak- ing us feel that you sympathize in our endeavors to make more people love gardening, so I will proceed to tell you how it all came about. One day, more than two years ago. Miss Frances Morse and Mrs. Matthew Whittall in talking about flowers thought what a good thing it would be to start a Garden Club in Worcester in order to bring garden lovers together and stimulate interest in gardening; so Miss Morse asked Mrs. William E. Story and myself to lunch to meet Mrs. Whittall and talk it over. After lunch we sat down with pencil and paper and jotted down the names of all the struggling amateur gardeners we could think of and they were ail invited to meet together at Miss Morse's and form a Garden Club. This was doen July 1, 1919. Miss Morse was chosen president and Mrs. Whittall vice-president. The objects of the Garden Club are briefly these: — To get together in good fellowship to exchange ideas, plants and seeds, to look at each other 's gardens, and to educate ourselves by lectures by the best pro- fessionals and amateurs and by reading the best garden literature and books, and in any other ways that might be suggested. Let me mention here the great benefit we all enjoy in the admirable library of the Hor- ticultural Society free to all the people of Worcester, and the lectures given in this hall each year. The Garden Club has held 57 meetings, at each others houses or gardens and in Horticultural Hall and has assisted as a club at one of the flower shows of the Horticultural Society. I have been much interested in looking up the beginnings of the Horticultural Society. How it started and who were the first officers. The first President was Dr. John Green and the first Vice-Presidents, Dr. Samuel B. Woodward and Mr. Stephen Salisbury. Most of the poems and essays on gardening that I have read dwell upon the cloistered joys of a garden, the respite from the noise and folly of the world. The Garden Club has held one meeting devoted to the reading of poems on gardens. I don 't remember one that spoke of even co-operation in work in gardens, unless you except the one by Kipling that Miss Loines read at the end of her lecture. But in your ''Transactions of the Worcester County Horticultural Society" the aims of its founders are given as follows: In Preliminary Observations: — " 'I could wish to infuse into all the world my taste for gardens' — and what a world indeed! Were every one of its inhabitants enkinded Avith this enthusiasm! How soon would War wnsh his red right haul. 39 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTTJRAL SOCIETY and beat his ruthless swords and spears into the peace-loving implements of husbandry! How soon would Intemperance, than whom no more horrid monster ever escaped the Stygian Gulf, dash to the ground his cup of ruin, and satiate his appetite with those delicious fruits, which the earth would gladly provide for all her common children! Sectarian Intoler- ance, learning from the instructions of Nature, what she has failed to read in the language of Eevelation, would cease from her persecutions; Tyranny would forget to oppress; and Slavery would leap to her feet untrammelled and free!" Whether it has come about from the frame of mind engendered by by gardening or not, I don't know, but we do know that three of the high aims of the starters of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in 1840 have come to pass in this country, "Eeligious Freedom," ''The Emancipation of the Slaves" and ''Prohibition." Perhaps, by 1940 all the aims of the far seeing founders of the Horticultural Society will be realized and the world will know at last "Peace on Earth Goodwill to- ward Men. ' ' At any rate, we can see now, from the two great world conferences which have taken place, that getting together and talking things over, as we are doing for gardening, is the way for the Nations of the World to agree together. At the first World Conference at Paris, the League of Nations was born; at the second, at Washington^ Peace in the Near East was born. Perhaps by 1940 international disputes will bo settled by judicial procedure and not by war. These Transactions mention the success of the starting of the Society and add, "a large number of gentlemen have joined the Society, would that we could say the same of the ladies." Times have changed since then, for here is a whole flock of ladies actually starting a Garden Club themselves. The Garden Club humbly recommends itself to the Worcester County Horticultural Society. The Farm Bureau, connecting link between the Farmer and his college, is with us today in the person of JOHN D. WILLAED. Mr. John D. Willard's subject was the Art of Living. The two nec- essities of life are adequate income and adequate spiritual expression of saeial life. Many with the former do not know how to use it to ad- vantage, as they lack spontaneity of soul. Conservation of vigor and interest in all things real and worth while is the secret of right living. Some people think of agriculture in terms of crops, while others think of it in terms of people. Tliey who are content to work for material things only are not living the real life, for they are feeding their stomachs and starving their souls. Crops are not the only worth while prepara- tion on a farm. The town in which one lives must have all the advantages 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY that improve the mental as well as the physical condition of its inhabi- tants. A gathering like the present one where the brain is being nour- ished is the correct one for the person who is attempting to follow the successful Art of Living. In looking over the Sccretar3^'s records of 1840, one finds that fUTTS.'GfT Samuel B. Woodward was one of the founders and first Vice Presi- dent; and a new society, The Worcester Garden Club, has sprung from the old, both societies co-operating in various ways, and it gives me unusual pleasure to be able to announce that in the absence of its Presi- dent, Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall, the Vice President of the newer society, has consented to give us a few words of cheer. MRS. SAMUEL B. WOODWARD Now for a little of real Horticulture — Along in the Seventies, Yours Truly was fortunately blessed with a good crop of peaches. Coming as it did after eighteen consecutive years of failure of this crop in Massachusetts, the people marvelled. Seven hundred trees, many with a barrel each, soon brought forth the title ''Peach King" (not quite an insult in those days!). After a time the King abdicated, but a worthy successor is on the good old Keith Hill farms today and grew last year, and doubtless will this, more and better peaches than any in our State. I am sure we'll all be pleased to hear a word from him — A man who, with the courage of his convictions, left the exceedingly lucrative position of member of the Island Legislative Assembly to become a ''dirt farmer" in Worcester County. HON. DANIEL S. FISKE, now of Grafton. Mr. Fiske testified that in order to grow peaches one must be an optimist. One of the discouraging features is the lack of knowledge of fertilizers. After all these years practically notihng definite is known on the subject. He is not a believer in nitrate of soda. Fertilization is a problem that one has to follow out on his own kind of soil and learn results from experiment. In spraying don't feel that the spray is wasted if it goes on the ground. The burning of the brush pile and clearing up around the walls will do away with bugs and mice that would otherwise congrate there. Several thousand glass bottles of poison will accomplisli the work. Don't look for the cheapest possible way to deal with trees for they will treat you as you treat them. It is a matter of pride to be able to boast that our Society has four Ex-Presidents, while the United States has but half as many. Today we are honored with the presence of two of our Ex-Presidents, as well as many another able speaker to all of whom it would be a pleasure to listen; but time forbids. 41 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY We are ready now for another song MISS MURIEL HASS, MR. MIDGELEY. We have with us tonight a Prophet, appreciated, for a wonder, in his own land and as the Press has it, one too of Xational Prominence, REV. MAXWELL SAVAGE. The Rev. Mr. Maxwell Savage took for his subject not the horticul- ture of the field, but the horticulture of men — the growing and cultiva- tion of men. Farmers sow potato seed and expect to obtain potatoes in return; while people sow wild seeds and hope to reap from them a har- vest of righteousness. Life is but another story of the garden. From it we gather just what we have put into it by way of stimulus and controL Sewing weeds does not bring forth beautiful flowers in life any more than it does in the garden. Someone once asked Garrick why people listeend to the actor better than to the minister. He replied that the actor made ficion sound like fact, while the minister made fact sound like fiction. The minister is int-lined to sound too high a note and lose his desired effect. In ths world we are always trying to fool experience. We deal too much in superlatives, and fail to make the best of what we have. For many years we have made so vast a progress in the physical and mechanical world that we have entirely lost track of that vastly more important sphere called the Spiritual. We are proud, and justly so, of our wonderful achievement in the field of invention. It was all necessary and has its own place in human experience. But now that all this has been accomplished, let us stop to consider our still greater need; and by so doing exert our knowledge to cultivate a better and healthier humanity. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1922 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester OFFICERS A:ND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1922 president: DAVID L. FISKE, Grafton, Mass. vice-presidents: HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbury, Mass, ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. secretary: HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester, Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. librarian: Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester treasurer: BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Mrs. Edward Warren Benn M. Chamberlain Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister WiUiam E. Morey Henry B. Watts George S. Barton Willis E. Gary Fred H. Chamberlain Fred. L. Chamberlain Fred Midgley Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Worcester Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Joseph K. Greene Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Arthur J. Marble Walter D. Ross Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Mryon F. Converse, Chairman, 1922, Leonard C. Midgley, 1924, Herbert W. Estabrook, 1923 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Alfred H. Knight, 1922, Fred Midgley, 1923 AUen J. Jenkins, 1924 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Arthur J. Marble, Herbert R. Kinney, WiUiam Anderson, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange ON nomenclature: Charles Greenwood Henry E. Kinney Arthur J. Marble WiUiam Anderson Herbert R. Kinney George Calvin Rice Arthur J. Marble WiUiam J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, David L. Fiske Benjamin C. Jacques ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Edward W. Breed AUen J. Jenkins Lucy M. Coulson Herbert A. Cook Allyne W. Hixon Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kiimey AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Arthur H. BeUows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Frotts.etc: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. MEDAL COMMITTEE President, David L. Fiske Herbert A. Cook ON WINTER MEETINGS David L. Fiske, Chairman Joseph K. Greene Myron F. Converse Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Albert H. Lange, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley Walter D. Ross SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1922 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 5.30 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their ovm premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 12. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens showTi; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 14. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary. 15. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variet}^ of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 16. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 17. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivat'on, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 18. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids, 1922J RULES AND REGULATIONS 3 carnations and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 19. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. 8^ The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 20. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 21. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 22. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 23. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 24. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 25. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FLOWERS.— Arrangement, Quality of blooms, Number of varieties, Properly named. 30 points 25 25 20 LILIES.— Size and color of bloom. Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 30 points 25 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 Arrangement, Properly named, DISPLAYS.— Arrangement, 40 25 points 20 u Quality, Variety, 30 30 COLLECTIONS.— Quality, Arrangement, Variety, 40 30 30 u u Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000. 00. Income to be used for the purchase of Books. 1898. WiUiam Fames Fund. $500 . 00. Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Fred A. Blake Fund. $1,000. 00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society do not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used in special premiums for Orchids or other choice Green House Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000. 00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1922 I^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 13. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETAION OF RULE EIGHTEEN BLOOMS: Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples : Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES : Galdiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards. Notice of which will be taken by the judges in award- ing THE premiums. 2. The judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that exhibitors will take PAINS to correctly NAME THEIR EXHIBITS THE JUDGES WILL NOT EXCLUDE AN EXHIBIT FOR MISTAKE IN NOMENCLATURE. 4. In ALL EXHIBITIONS OF LILIES THE POLLEN MAY BE REMOVED. By vote of the trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 9, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 10, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 CARNATIONS.— No. 2. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 8.00 6.00 4.00 ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Display in any form. Silver Medal AZALEA, IN BLOOM. — No. 4. One plant, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Collection, potted plants, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 7. One plant, 1.50 1.00 .50 HYACINTH, in bloom.— No. 8. Six plants, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 PRIMULA, IN BLOOM.— No. 9. Collection of potted plants, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 ANTIRRHINUM.— No. 10. Vase of twenty spikes, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 BASKET.— No. 11. 3.00 2.00 1.00 NARCISSUS.— No. 12. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 VIOLETS.— No. 13. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 14. $100.00 may be used for prizes. Notif}^ Secretary two days in advance. RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 15. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7 BEET.— No. 16. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1, ,50 1 ,00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 17. Red, 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 18. Savoy, 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 19. Any other variety named, 2.00 1, .50 1 ,00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 20. One-half peck, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 CARROT.— No. 21. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1, .50 1 .00 .50 CELERY.— No. 22. Six specimens, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 23. Six heads. 2.00 1. 50 1, 00 .50 MTTSHROOM i.VX \J kJJ-J. JLV/Vy V/i-VJ. . 94- TwpIvp STiPPimPTm 1 50 1 00 50 u xxkjxx , inn.il/iii ioiriiii-/iiVi.ii/i>i o. No 25 Hubbard 2.00 1 50 1 .00 . 50 2 00 1 i. . 1 X . on TTTRNTP SIX specimens — No 97 Ypllnw SwpHp 1 1 X . 00 . o\j No. 28. White Swede, 1 50 1 X . 00 . \J\J . 0\J TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 29. White Egg, 1 1 X , 00 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. No. 30. Any variety, 1 Jl . 1 1 , no APPLES.— No. 31. Display not to exceed five varieties, 5.00 4.00 3 00 2 .00 1 00 . yjyj APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 32. Baldwin, 2.00 1, ,50 1 .00 .50 No. 33. Sutton, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 34. Northern Spy, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 35. Palmer, 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 36. Roxbury Russet, . 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 37. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 18 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 38. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 39. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 40. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. No. 41. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 42. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 43. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 44. For best table decoration, laid for eight covers, no restrictions, Notify the Secretary two days in advance., 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 45. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days _ in advance. CARNATIONS.— No. 46. One vase, fifty flowers, other green permissible, 5 . 00 3 . 00 DANDELION.— No. 47. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9 LETTUCE.— No. 48. Six heads, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 49. Hollow Crown, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 50. Other varieties, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 51. One-half peck, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. — No. 52. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, iWELVE stalks. — No. 53. Linn^us, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve SPECIMENS EACH. — No. 54. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION.— No. 55. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 15 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 56. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 57. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 BASKET.— No. 59. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, twenty-five vases. — No. 60. No duplicates, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 61. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 IRIS, German. — No. 62. Ten vases, three trusses in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 63. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 PEONIES.— No. 64. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4. 00 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 65. No restrictions as to arrangement Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 BEGONIAS, IN BLOOM.— No. 66. Four eight inch pots or pans, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 ROSES.— No. 67. Hybrid Perpetuals, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 68. Hybrid Tea, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 69. Twenty vases, one truss in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 70. May Duke, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 71. Glen Mary, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 72. Sample, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 73. Senator Dunlap, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 74. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used in prizes. ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 75. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 76. Three specimens, - 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 SPINACH.— No. 77. Half -peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks- No. 78. Monarch, 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 79. Victoria, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEET.— No. 80. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 81. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 82. Any variety named, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION.— No. 83. Two bunches, six each, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 22 This exhibition will be open to the pubHc from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 84. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. S4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 85. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 86. Collection of cut roses, 8 . 00 6 . 00 4 . 00 No. 87. Vase of H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 88. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 89. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding twenty blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 90. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 PEONIES.— No. 91. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 92. Display of outdoor varieties, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 HYDRANGEA.— No. 93. One plant in bloom. ' 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet willl\m).— No. 94. Twelve vases, one truss in a vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 95. Vase of twelve spikes, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 9G. DowTiing's Bride, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 97. Golden Gate, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 98. Banymore, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 99. Meteor 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 100. Collection not more then six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 101. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, one quart.— No. 102. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 103. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. Gov. Wood, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 106. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, one half peck. — No. 107. Gradus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Thomas Laxton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 109. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 110. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 111. Covering 16 square feet. $10.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 6 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 112. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 113. Two vases, not more than six trusses in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 1 14. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 1 15. Twenty-five vases, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 1 16. Twenty vases, one pike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 117. Best display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 118. Black Eagle, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 119. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 120. Montmorency, 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 121. Best display, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 122. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 123. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. — No. 124. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 125. Perfection, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 126. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 127. Versaillaise, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 128. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 129. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 15 CARROT.— ^ No. 130. Two bunches, six in each, BEAN, SNAP, HALF PECK. No. 131. Wax, No. 132. Green Pod, PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 133. Admiral Dewey, No. 134. Telephone, No. 135. Varieties not scheduled, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS.- No. 136. Any named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2 00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 13 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties.— No. 137. Twenty vases, S3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 138. One vase, 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 139. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vases, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund No. 140. Collection of Sweet Peas, 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 141. Table decoration Sweet Peas, laid for eight covers. Notify the Secret aiy tAvo days in ad- vance, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 142. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 143. Cuthbert, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 145. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one quart.- No. 146. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR bunches. — No. 147. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 148. Summer, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens. — No. 149. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 POTATO, T^'ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 150. Any named variety, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, July 20 CUT FLOWERS, distinct varieties. — No. 151. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 152. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for tlie growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 153. Twenty vases, not to exceed three brances in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 154. Twenty vases five clusters in each— 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 155. Twenty vases, one flower in each, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, tuberous rooted. — No. 156. Twelve vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 157. Sweet Bough, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TTVELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 158. Any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TTN'ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 159. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 160. Early Harvest, 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, tw^elve ears. — No. 161. Sweet, any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 162. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 163. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 164. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 165. Covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 166. Any variety named, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 167. Twelve heads. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 3 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 168. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 169. Ten vases, * 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 170. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 171. Twenty vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, (perennial). — No. 172. Twelve vases, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 173. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 174. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 175. Oldenburg, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 176. Yellow Transparent, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 177. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 178. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, Tw^ELVE specimens. — No. 179. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE specimens. — No. 180. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 181. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 I 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTIR-^L SOCIETY [1922 BEAN. SHELL. HALF-PECK. — No. 1S2. Dwarf Horticultural, 2 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 Xo. 183. Any other variety. 9 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 CORN. TWELVE EARS. — Xo. 184. Xot less than 12 rows. 2. .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 185. Summer. 2 ,00 1, .50 1 .00 .50 POTATO. T^'ELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 186. Hebron. 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 187. Irish Cobbler. 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 188. Rose. 2 ,00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 189. Varieties not scheduled. 2 .00 1 50 1 .00 .50 Thursday, August 10 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 190. One vase, no restrictions as to arrangement , §3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 . 50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 19L Four vases, 6 spikes in each, distinct varieties, 4.00 3.00 2.00 ASTERS.— No. 192. Comet, Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Xo. 193. Any other variety. Twenty vases one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 LILIES.— No. 194. Display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CANNA, (named).— No. 195. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 196. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 ZINNIA.— No. 197. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 198. Twenty-five vases, no dupli- cates, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 199. Astrachan, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 200. Williams, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 201. Golden Sweet, 1 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 202 Clapp's Favorite, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 203. Any variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 204. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 205. Pole, any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 206. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS.— '^o. 207. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 So. 208. Yellow, Sweet, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 209. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties), 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 210. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 17 This exhibition will be open to the pubHc from 3 to 9 p. m. GLADIOLUS.— No. 21L Collection, varieties not disseminated, Silver Medal No. 212. Collection, notify the Secretary No. 214. Twenty vases, one spike in each 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 215. Not to exceed 40 square feet, 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 216. Twenty vases, five sprays 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. No. 217. Vase of 20 blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 218. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 219. Twenty vases, five blooms, in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 220. Williams, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 221. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 222. Varieties not scheduled, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 224. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 225. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used two days in advance 5.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 213. Basket, for prizes. 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 226. Carman, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 227. Any other variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 228. Bradshaw, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 229. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 230. Washington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 231. Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 232. Imperial Gage, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 233. Gueii, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 235. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 236. Shell, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 237. String, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TAVELVE SPECIMENS. No. 238. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 239. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.- No. 240. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. CORN, SWEET. — No. 241. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No 242. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 243. Display covering 16 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notifv the Secretarv two davs in advance. Thursday, September 7 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 244. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 245. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases dming the year. BASKET.— No. 246. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 247. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, , 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 248. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 POMPON. No 249. Twenty vases, three sprays in each^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. — No. 250. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, " 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA.— No. 251. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 252. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 PHLOX, PERENNIAL. — No. 253. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SCABIOSA.— No. 254. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 254A. Display no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 APPLE, TT\^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 255. Gravenstein, 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 256. Maiden's Blush, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 257. Porter, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 258. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 259. FoundUng, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 260. Holden or Fall Orange, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 261. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 263. Hyslop, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWEVLE SPECIMENS. — No. 264. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. Bartlett, 4.00 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 266. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 267. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 270. Elberta, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 271. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 272. Crawford (early) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No 273. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 274. Golden Varieties, 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 275. Display, no restriction as to arrangement. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 276. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 277. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 278. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 279. Moore's Artie, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 280. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 No. 281. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 282. Squash, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 283. Any other variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 284. Beauty, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEAN, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 285. Dwarf Lima, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 286. Large Lima, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 287. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (nAMED), six SPECIMENS. No. 288. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 289. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 EGG PLANT.— No. 290. Three specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 291. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. TOMATOES.— No. 292. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 14 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 293. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 294. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 MARIGOLD.— No. 295. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. DAHLIA.— No. 296. Fifty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA, SEEDLINGS. — No. 297. Twelve vases, one flower in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 298. American Beauty or Sterling, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 299. Mother, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 300. Twenty-ounce, * 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 301. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 302. Urbaniste, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 303. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 304. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 PLUM, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 305. Satsuma, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 306. Pond's Seedling, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 307. Green Mountain, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 308. Moore's, 1 50 1.00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 309. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, three specimens.— No. 310. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 311. Golden Hubbard, 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. 7 *• , • No. 313. Paris Golden, 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 314. Other varieties. 2 ,00 1 .50 1 . UU . oU CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Red, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 316. Savoy, 1 .50 1. .00 .50 No. 317. Any other variety, 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 318. Three specimens, 2. 00 .150 1 .00 .50 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 319. Green Flesh, 2. 00 1 .50 1, .00 .50 No. 320. Yellow Flesh, 2. 00 1 .50 1, .00 .50 No. 321. Water, 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 322. Twelve specimens 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 21 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 323. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 COSMOS.— No. 324. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CELOSIA.— No. 325. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 326. Hubbardston, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 00 .50 No. 327. Pewaukee, 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 328. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 329. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 330. Superfin, 1 . 50 1 00 .50 No. 331. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3 00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 332. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 333. Cra^^ord (late) 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 334. Stump the World, 1 . 50 1 00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 335. Brighton, 1 . 50 1 00 .50 No. 336. Campbell, 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 337. Lmdley, 1 . 50 1 00 .50 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 31 No. 338. Massasoit, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 339. Worden, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 340. Concord, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 341. -Delaware, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Niagara, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 343. Pocklington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 344. Moore's Diamond, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 345. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE. TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 346. Orange, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 347. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 348. Not to exceed 16 square feet, S30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 349. Collection not to exceed 25 varie- ties, 12.00 10.00. 8.00 7.00 6.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Friday, October 13 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. FERNS.— No. 350. Display, potted plants, named varieties, $5.00 3.00 2.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 351. Cut flowers in any form, $50.00 may be awarded in prizes. CHRYSANTHEMUM.— No. 352. Display, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD APPLE BOX. No. 353. Mcintosh, 4. 00 3, 00 2 .00 1 .00 .50 No. 354. Any other variety, 4 .00 3 .00 2 .00 1 .00 .50 APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 355. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3. .00 2. ,50 2, ,00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 356'. Bellflower, 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 357. Sutton Beauty, 2. 00 1, .50 1 .00 .50 No. 358. Tompkins King, 2. 00 1. .50 1 .00 .50 No. 359. Winter Banana, 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 360. Peck's, 1. 50 1, .00 .50 No. 361. Pound Sweet, 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 362. R, L Greening, 3. 00 2. 00 1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 363. Mcintosh, 4. 00 3. 00 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 364. Northern Spy, 2. 00 1. 50 1. .00 .50 No. 365. Palmer, 3. 00 2.00 1. 50 1, .00 .50 No. 366. Roxbur}^ Russet, 3. 00 2. 00 1. 50 1, .00 .50 No. 367. Canada Red, 2. 00 1. 50 1. .00 .50 No. 368. Opalescent, 1. 50 1. .00 .50 No. 369. DeHcious, 1. 50 1, .00 .50 No. 370. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties, 5. 00 4. 00 3. 00 2, 00 1 .00 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33 No. 371. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 372. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, twelve dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 373. Angoulene, 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 374. Clairgeau, 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 375. Dana's Hovey, 2.00 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 376. Langelier, 1.50 1 ,00 .50 No. 377. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 378. Winter Nelis, 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 379. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 380. Comice, 3.00 2.00 1. 00 .50 No. 381. Onondaga, 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 382. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 383. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 384. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 385. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1. 00 .50 No. 386. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 387. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 388. Champion, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 389. Half peck, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 390. Three specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 391 . Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 392. Giant Pascal, No. 393. Easy Blanching, No. 394. Any varieties, not scheduled. 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 2. 00 1. 50 1 00 .50 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 ENDIVE.— No. 395. Six specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 396. Twelve Specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS — No. 397. Red Globe, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 398. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 399. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 400. Hollow Crown, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 401 . Any other variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 402. Half peck, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PUMPKIN, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 403. Sweet, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SALSIFY.— No. 404. Twelve specimens. 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 405. Hubbard, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 406. Bay State, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 407. Blue Hubbard, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 408. Any other variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 409. Purple Top Globe, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 410. White Egg, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 411. White Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 412. Yellow Swede, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CORN.— No. 413. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 GRAINS.— No. 414. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. FIELD BEANS.— No. 415. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 2, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 3, open from 9 a. m. to 9. p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 416. Ten blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, $8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 417. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems, 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 418. Pompons, display in vases, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 419. Single varieties, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 420. Six Specimen plants, 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 No. 421. One Specimen plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 422. Display of Anemonies, 8 . 00 5 . 00 3 . 00 No. 423. Three vases. White, Pink, Yel- low. Twelve flow^ers in each, one variety in each vase, 10.00 7.00 4.00 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS, covering 100 SQUARE FEET. No. 424. 30.00 27.50 25.00 20.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, October 30. No. 425. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $40.00 may be used for prizes. No. 426. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no re- strictions) 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 427. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibitors may elect, $30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 428. Fancy Basket of Apples, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 429. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES. WILLIAM FAMES FUND A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, $2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, . 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 .100 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 6, 1922. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1922. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Arthur J. Marble William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library My Growing Garden, by Horace McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, by Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. Hamblin. Commercial Gardening, 4 Vols., by John Weathers. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, by A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by M. G. Kains. American Gardens, by Guy Lowell. The Book of The Peony, by Mrs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, by H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. Meech. . Trees, by William Solotaroff. Vegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, by John J. Thomas. 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1922 Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Fertilizers, by John F. Voorhees. Soil Fertility, by Alfred Vivian. The American Flower Garden, by Neltye Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, F. W. Meyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Garden, by W. P. Wright. Ferns, b}' Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. :Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. IVIarket Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage, Cauliflower and Allied Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. M. Hexamer. ^lelon Culture, by James Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by W. B. Terry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushroom Growing, by B. M. Duggar. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Com, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Old-Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. To-^-n Planning in Practice, by Raymond Unwin. The Liveable Garden, by Ruth Dean. Vegetable Forcing, by Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberry in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design, by Hub- bard & Kimball. The IMysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by C. F. Warren. Indian Com Culture, by C. S. Plumb. Wheat Culture, by D. S. Curtis. 19221 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 The Book of Wheat, by Peter Tracy Dondhnger. The Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferinc Dominguez. Modern Fruit Marketing, by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. How to Grow Vegetables, by Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, Schuyler Mathews. Tree Wounds and Diseases, by A. D. Webster. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lovell. The Small Place, by Elsa Rehmann. Name This Flower, by Gaston Bonnier. Color in My Garden, b}^ Louise Beck Wilder. The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey. The Apple, by Albert Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince von Puckler Muskau. Forestry in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. The Book of Rarer Vegetables, by George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Amott. Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, by M. G. Kains. Backyard Garden, by Edward L. Farrington. Commerical Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose Annual, 1919. Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. The Romance of Our Trees, by Ernest H. Wilson. Plant Culture, by George W. Oliver. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, by Helen R. Albee. Pages from a Garden Note-Book, by ^Irs. Francis King. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to ChUdren of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 19 and Saturday, September 16, 1922 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Massachusetts THE DAVIS PRESS Saturday, August 19 Open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS GROWN FROM SEED.— No. L Not to exceed fifteen vases, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 6. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25. 1.00 .50 BEETS.— No. 7. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 8. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 9. Two quarts, .75 .50 .25 .25 POTATOES.— No. 10. Twelve specimens, 1.00.75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 11. Six ears. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 12. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 13. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 14. Not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 15. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 VERBENA.— No. 16. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 GLADIOLUS.— No. 17. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BALSAM.— No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 19. Not over 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 21. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 22. Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 23. Two quarts, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET corn- No. 24. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 25. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 • CUCUMBERS.— No. 26. Three specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 27. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 16 For Children under 14 No. 28. Display of flowers, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 CHINA PINKS.— No. 29. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CALENDULA.— No. 30. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIA.— No. 31. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 32. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 33. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 MARIGOLDS.— No. 34. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50. 25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 53. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 26. Two quarts in pods, .75 .50 .25 .25 BEETS.— No. 37. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 38. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 39. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 40. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 41. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 42. Twelve specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .15 1922] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 43. Not to exceed 15 vases, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 PETUNIAS.— No. 44. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CELOSIA.— No. 45. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— No. 46. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 PHLOX DRUMIMONDIL— No. 47. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— No. 48. One large vase. 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 49. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .25 POTATOES.— No. 50. Twelve specimens, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 51. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 ,25 BEETS,—. No. 52. Six specimens. 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 53. Six ears. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 54. Six specimens, 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CABBAGE.— No. 55. Three sepcimens, .75 .50 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 56. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— No. 57. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 46 WORCESTER COrXTY HORTICrLTUR.\L SOCIETY [1922 SHELL BEANS.— Xo. 58. Two quarts in the pod, ONION.— No. 59. Six specimens. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 A cash prize of S5.00 is offered by ^Ir. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary, to the Exhibitor scoring the most points in the two Exhibitions. Those under and over 14 years. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes.. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual labor of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secret arv. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1922 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Galdiolus Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chr\^santhemum Exhibition f Thursday, March 9, 3 to 10 p. m. \ Friday, March 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 18, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 22, 3 to 9 p. m. July 13, 3 to 9 p. M. Saturday, August 19 and September 16. Thursday, August 17, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 21, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, October 13, 3 to. 9 p. m. f Thursdaj^, November 2, 3 to 10 p. m. i Friday, November 3, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday ^ter- noons, open to the public from 3 to 5.30 p. m.- June 15, July 6, 20; August 3, 10: September 7, 14. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman Arthur J. ]Marble Edward W. Breed H. Ward Moore Allen J. Jenkins WiLLLAM J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Alltne W. HrxoN Mrs. Edward Warren Lucy M Coulson Herbert A. Cook Leonapj) C. Mn)GLEY Sumner F. Chamberlain President J David L. Fiske Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY REPORTS OF THE OFFICERS AND LECTURES FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER I, I923 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society FOR THE YEAR 1 923 PRESIDENT DAVID L. FISKE, Grafton, Mass. \ ICE-PRESIDENTS HERBERT A. COOK. Shrewsburv. Mass. ALBERT H. LAXGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DA\'EXPORT, Xo. Grafton. Mass. SECRET.\RY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street LIBRARIAN Miss LUCY M. COULSOX, of Worcester TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Sutler F. Chamberlain AwRi J. Jenkins William McAllister William E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Bucklev Willis E. Cary Fred H. Chamberlain TRL Bar re Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Holden Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester STEES Fred L. Chamberlain Clifford T. Eldridge Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice AI. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood AUyne W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING CO.MMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1923 Leonard C. Midgley, 1924 Fred Midgley, 1923 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Allen J. Jenkins, 1924 Harry I. Randall, 1925 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange ON NOMENCLATURE Charles Greenwood Henry E. Kinney Allen J. Jenkins William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen William J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, David L. Fiske Benjamin C. Jaques Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson Allyne W. Hixon AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester. Mass. Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook. Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. Albert H. Lange, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley MEDAL COMMITTEE President, David L. Fiske ON WINTER MEETINGS David L. Fiske, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall Herbert A. Cook Myron F. Converse 2 CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1923 President 's Address Page 4 Report of Secretary " 5 Report of Librarian " 11 Report of Finance Committee " 13 Report of Treasurer " 14 Report of Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions " 16 Report of Judge of Flowers and Plants " 16 Report of Judge of Fruit " 17 Report of Judge of Vegetables " 18 WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1923 Thursday, January 18 Illustrated Lecture. "The Scenic Wonderland of Southern Utah." By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Thursday, January 25 Illustrated Lecture. "Our American Gardens." By Miss Frances B. Johnson, New York City (Joint Aleeting with the Worcester Garden Club') Thursday, February 1 Lecture. "Plant Foods and Their Value to Crop Productions." By Herbert Reiner, Assistant County Agent, W^orcester Thursday, February 8 Illustrated Lecture. "The Arnold Arboretum." By Loring Underwood, Boston, Mass. Thursday, February 15 Lecture. "The Lexington Field Station and What It Is Doing." By Prof. H. F. Tompson, Lexington, Mass. Thursday, February 22 Lecture. "The Horticultural So- ciety as Told Through Its Portraits." By Miss Frances C. Morse, Worcester, Mass. Wednesday, February 28 and March 1 Meetings of the Massachusetts Fruit Grower's Association President, V/right A. Root, Secretary, Ralph A. Van Meter Reunion and Banquet, February 28 Spring Exhibition, March 15 and 16 David L. Fiske, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley M\'RON F. Converse AIrs. Gertrude C. Whittall Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney, Committee on Winter Meetings. 3 WORCESTEK COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December i, 1923 President's Address Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: I trust you will pardon me if 1 tell you that I am today older than any- one has ever been while serving as the Society's President. I was born before the Society was formed. Despite such long years of experience I am free to admit that when this high office was first suggested I was filled with mis- givings. But, accepting the position, I have found everything most delight- fully harmonious among members, exhibitors and visitors on all occasions, and have constantly received the consideration that well becomes the repre- sentative of what is nearly the biggest and best horticultural society in all New England. Organized as it was in 1840, with Worcester a mere town of 8,000 in- habitants, far-seeing men noted the great possibilities for horticulture in our county and soon bought land (for $6,847.30) and erected thereon this building, at the cost of $11,278.65. All honor to those early founders. Their investment, owing to location and surroundings, has, with outgo of little but annual expenses, automatically risen to a sound half million — and the end is not yet! Horticulture, the advancement of which was so dear to their hearts, has had its ups and downs. Good and bad weather conditions, new diseases, new insects have appeared, yet, as often, some way of combatting such has been found — and were it possible for those earnest pioneers to have looked over the Society's exhibits, of even the past erratic season, they would have marvelled at the degree of perfection attained. During the past year the Society's educational features have been draw- ing in the public, and why not? A free Hbrary of thousands of volumes, a free reading room, free lectures and numerous free exhibitions at which all may study varieties of vegetables, fruits and flowers, as well as the most artistic arrangements by experts known the country over — can the people, young or old, ask for more? Having served two terms, I now, following the good precedent established by my immediate predecessors, retire from the position of President of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY I wish to congratulate the Society on a year of usefulness and success, and I would advise that it keep on, as nearly as may be, in the even tenor of its ways. Time has and time will work wonders. I thank all connected with the Society for the genial, friendly feeling con- stantly manifest. That this be handed down to my successor is the best wish I can give him. Respectfully submitted, DAVID L. FISKE. Secretary's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: This year has slipped away as many others have for this Society. We have had a few thrills during the year about what might happen to the prop- erty that the Society has held so long. So far it has left us just guessing, but the Finance Committee may have something definite to offer at any time now. ^liile we did not have as many lectures in our course last winter, we were fortunate in getting some interesting lectures and our attendance was very good. Our first lecture on January 18, "The Scenic Wonderland of Southern Utah," by Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, was a wonderfully illustrated lecture, and it was enjoyed by a large audience. Our second lecture was a joint meeting with "The Worcester Garden Club." This was by Miss Frances B. Johnson and was a lecture long to be remembered, as each view was used to bring out some special point. The lecture on "The Arnold Arboretum," by Mr. Loring Underwood, was beautifully illustrated and very much enjoyed. The lecture by Miss Frances C. Morse on "The Horticultural Society as Told through Its Portraits" was very much appreciated, especially by those who remember many of those considered. The lectures by Mr. Herbert Reiner and Professor H. F. Tompson were both practical and very interesting to those working along their lines. We had here for the first time for a number of years a two day meeting of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association, which was held on February 28 and March 1, with our Banquet on February 28. This is the same arrange- ment as was in vogue in the early years of that Association and it w^as a very enjoyable gathering. Quite a number of the out-of-town and some out-of- the-state fruit growers attended the Banquet and seemed to enjoy it. The season has been one of extremes. There was very little frost in the ground when the snow went off, making it possible to start work early; but there was cold weather later and long drought, which was not as serious as it would have been had the weather been hotter. Wells and streams have been lower than for a good many years. There has been no severe freezing to this date. These rather abnormal weather conditions have had a con- 5 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY siderable influence on our exhibitions and while some things have been very nice and on time, others have dragged ; this has been particularly noticeable in vegetables. There were some fine exhibits of fruit, but as a whole the quality has not been up to the standard. Flowers, especially the Summer and Fall ones have again been the main feature of many of our exhibitions, and I hope there may be a way found so that we may increase the number of classes during the time when other exhibits are apt to be short, so that we may have attractive displays at every exhibition. The children's exhibitions were good and, while some classes were not as well filled as sometimes, the quality was excellent, and the exhibitors showed their enthusiasm and interest. I think one of the reasons for our better attendance this past season has been the publicity we have had. The papers have given our exhibitions more notice and several times they have printed some nice cuts. We hope we may continue in their good graces. We have not done as much advertis- ing as other organizations seem to find profitable. Whenever the incom^e becomes adequate the Committee of Arrange- ments should have some money to use for exhibits that might be secured from outside our zone. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. NEW MEMBERS Mrs. Herbert J. Eager Mr. Philip N. Curtis Mr. E. A. Hackett DECEASED MEMBERS Mr. Walter H. Blodget Mr. Simon E. Fisher Miss Eleanor G. Henderson Mr. George A. Barnard Mr. Henry E. Dean Miss Isabell M. Crompton Mr. David C. Murdock Mr. Daniel A. Howe Mr. Avery A. White Mrs. Clara J. Middlemias Mr. J. Warren Ellsworth Mrs. Henry B. Watts Mr. John C. Adams Miss Alia W. Foster Miss Lucy E. Prescott ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1923 Meeting called to order at 10.20 a. m. by President David L. Fiske. Secretary read the call for the meeting. The report of the last Annual Meeting was read and approved. 6 worcestp:r county horticultural society President's Address, David L. Fiske. Secretary's Report, Herbert R. Kinney. Treasurer's Report, Burt W. Greenwood. Auditor's Report, Burt W. Greenwood. Librarian's Report, Lucy M. Coulson. Finance Committee's Report, Myron F. Converse. Judge's Report on Flowers, Plants, etc., Allyne W. Hixon. Judge's Report on Fruit, Herbert A. Cook. Judge's Report on Vegetables, H. Ward Moore. Medal Committee's Report, Albert H. Lange. Winter Meetings Report, Herbert R. Kinney. These reports were accepted and referred to the Committee on Publica- tion. Resolution on Mr. George Calvin Rice's withdrawal from the Trustees by Myron F. Converse. This was accepted and the Secretary was instructed to inscribe a copy on the records of the Society and send a copy to Mr. Rice. A resolution on the death of Mr. Arthur J. Marble was read by Mr. Converse. The Secretary was instructed to spread a copy on the records and send a copy to the widow. These reports and resolutions will be found in the transactions for 1922. The report of the Nominating Committee was read by Fred Midgley. On H. Ward Moore's motion it was accepted. Myron F. Converse made a motion that the Secretary cast a year ballot for the candidates. So voted. The President declared the candidates elected. On Mr. Converse's motion, seconded by Treasurer Greenwood, $5,003 was voted for 1923. On H. B. Watts' motion at our last Annual Meeting that Article 15 of the By-Laws be dropped: The Secretary read the By-Law. Mr. Edward W. Breed thought that it would be a great mistake to drop or m.aterially change it. Messrs. Watts, Adshead and Tyson spoke in favor of the repeal. Mr. Joseph Allen and Burt W. Greenvv^ood spoke in favor of the By-Law. After quite general discussion Mr. B. W. Greenwood called for the vote. Two voted for the repeal and fifteen against. For Ofricers for 1923, see the section on Officers and Committees. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1922 Annual Meeting of the Trustees Meeting called to order by President David S. Fiske at 10.15 A. M., with 16 members present. The Secretary read the call for the meeting. The report of the last Annual Meeting of the Trustees was read and approved. 7 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Secretan.' read a communication from Mrs. ^label Knowles Gage ex- pressing her appreciation of being elected a Trustee, and asking, "Would you like me to offer a prize which -^^ill stimulate interest?" On Mr. Edward W. Breeds' motion the Secretary' was instructed to thank Mrs. Gage for the suggestion. The matter of the prize was referred to the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. The Committees for the ensuing year were unanimously elected. See section on Officers and Committees. On ^Nlr. Henr\- B. Watts' motion, seconded by Mr. Breed, the follo\sing appropriations were made for the season of 1923; Premiums : Flowers, Plants, etc $1,200 Fruit 1,000 Vegetables 750 Children's Exhibitions 250 Salaries: Secretary- $500 Librarian 800 Treasurer 150 Judges 150 Winter Meetings 500 Publications 400 Periodicals 100 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 15. 1922 Meeting of the Committee on Winter Meetings President David S. Fiske called the Meeting to order at 10 A. M. The following dates were agreed on for our Winter meetings: January' IS and 25: February 1, S, 15. 22 and 28: March 1: Banquet, February- 28. Mrs. Matthew J. WTiittall took January- 25 for the Garden Club meeting. ^lessrs. Root and Van Meter of the Massachusetts State Fruit Growers' Association took Februar\- 28 and March 1. The Secretary was instructed to correspond with Professor H. F. Thomp- son in regard to a lecture on Market Gardening and with Messrs. Gleason and Underwood in reference to getting some nice illustrated lectures. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1922 Annual Meeting of the Committee on Arr.asgements and Exhibitions Mr. Albert H. Lange was elected chairman. The whole list was worked over, but only minor changes were made. The Committee voted to use some of the income from the Hadwen Fund for cash prizes, as our exhibitors do not seem to care for medals. The cost of the medals is much higher than formerly. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage offered special prizes on August 16 for Tubrous-rooted Begonias, and on September 13 she offered prizes for Home Vegetable Garden exhibits, and for "A Display of Vegetables from out of the County." THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1923 Meeting of the Finance and Advisory Committee Meeting called to order at 4 P. M. by Chairman Converse. Present: Messrs. Converse, Midgley and Estabrook (Finance Committee) : President Fiske, Treasurer Greenwood, Secretary Kinney, Messrs. Fred Midgley, Breed, Lange and Cary. Chairman Converse said that Mr. Lange had a proposition to put before the Committee. Mr. Lange said that Mr. Morse had talked with him about a plan for leasing the property that looked good to him. He introduced Mr. E. C. S. Morse to outline the plan to the Committee. Mr. Morse said that Mr. Lange had worked so fast that he had not got the details worked out ; but the plan proposed leasing the property for ninety- nine years, tearing down the old building and erecting a modern one, and giv- ing the Society the use of the upper two floors (building to be eight or ten stories high). He estimated the land to be worth $400,000 now, and that at the end of the lease it would be worth $800,000. He would divide the 99 years into 9 periods of 11 years each, with a guar- anteed income of $16,000 to begin with, increasing to $32,000 for the last period. Mr. Estabrook asked if it was a corporation that wanted the lease? Mr. Morse said that it was, and one with plenty of capital, with investments in many cities. Mr. Morse thought that a new building along lines they had thought out could be built in ten months. After Mr. Morse had withdrawn. Chairman Converse said that the first thing to consider was what method we should follow. Mr. Breed said that the plan as outlined looked good to him. Mr. Estabrook thought that Mr. Morse had put the present value of the land too low. Mr. Cary said that since the Woolworth Company had always been good tenants, and had already spoken about renev-ing their lease, they should have the first chance. Mr. Leonard Midgley said that something would have to be done on the building soon. Mr. Estabrook said that he thought that a long term lease with a liberal annual income would perpetuate the Society. He thought that the Woolworth people should be heard from before we took any action on the proposed plan. Mr. Leonard Midgley thought that, if possible, we should keep it the Horticultural Building. 9 WORCESTER COUXTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Mr. Converse asked if there was any objection to Mr. Morse's plan. None was offered. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1923 Meeting of the Finance and Advisory Committee Meeting called to order at 4 p. m. by Chairman Converse, who introduced Mr. Hollis of the Woolworth Company. He said that his company would like to take a lon^ lease on the part of the building that they now occupy, so that they could make quite extensive changes — change the stairway, for one thing. He said that they would take the whole building. When Mr. HoUis retired, Mr. Morse was called. Mr. Lange introduced Mr. Morse. He had nothing new to offer, but thought that the proposition he made on February 1 was still good. He was excused. The Chairman called Mr. J. W. Mahar. He said that his client would pay a net rental for the whole building of $25,000 per year. They would pay $22,000 per year for the part that the Wool- worth Company now occupy. Chairman Converse said that Mr. Kabley wanted to be heard, but that he was not present. Mr. Converse thought that it would be well for those present to express their opinion on the policy that they would like to see followed. Mr. H. A. Cook thought the time had come when we should sell outright or lease. Mr. Albert H. Lange thought that the time was ripe to sell the property and build where we could have a Horticultural Building. Mr. W. E. Cary favored keeping the property and leasing to the best advantage. He would not rent much more of the property than we do now. Mr. Fred Midgley thought that the lease should be made so as to cover such increases as there might be in insurance and taxes. Mr. Leonard C. Midgley would like to have the Society keep the property they have, but have it put in first class condition and not let for cheap parties. It was the unanimous sense of the meeting that we rent the same property as now. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1923 Meeting of the Finance and Advisory Committees The meeting was called to order by Chairman Converse. Present : Lange, Cook, F. Midgley, Greenwood, Cary, Fiske, Converse, Kinney and L. Midgley. The Chairman introduced Mr. Charles A. Kabley. Mr. Kabley said that he had a client who would like to buy the Horticultural property, or perhaps would swap for it a new building at the corner of Frankhn and Orange Streets which was rented for some $17,000 and had a hall on the top floor that might be suitable for the Society's purposes. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Mr. Greenwood asked him if he would be interested in renting the build- ing if we continued occupying the same space as now. He said it would interest him only as a real estate rental. Mr. Lange asked if the Committee wished to consider an offer from Mr. Morse of $475,000 for the property. Mr. Greenwood made a motion that it was inadvisable to act at this time. This was the unanimous sense of the meeting. Chairman Converse thought that it would be well to consider a new lease with the Woolworth Company. After general discussion, Mr. Fred Midgley made a motion that Mr. Con- verse go before the Woolworth Company and offer to renew their lease at $24,000 per annum for the remaining two years of their lease, and at $40,000 per annum for the next ten years. This was unanimously carried. HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. Librarian's Report To THE Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Your Librarian submits herewith her Annual Report for the year 1923. There is nothing especially noteworthy to report in regard to the Library. The Library Committee has from year to year added many valuable books on horticulture. It is surprising that more members of the Society do not avail themselves of the privileges and comforts of the Library. Our Library table is well equipped with current magazines on horticulture. As it has been customary for the Society to allow only the members the privilege of taking books from the Library, they are always very glad to have anyone interested in horticulture utilize the books to the best of their advantage. The usual work of binding and filing has been continued through the year. The additions to the Library during the year just closed will be found in the list herewith given. United States Department of Agriculture. Monthly Lists of Publications, December, 1922, to 1923. Farmer's Bulletins, Nos. 937, 1171, 1175, 1178, 1154, 1184, 1188, 1193, 1242, 1256, (750) Utilization of Basswood, by Warren D. Brush. Sitka Spruce, by N. Leroy Carey. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletins, Nos., 175, 204, 144. Spraying the Apple Orchard, by F. C. Sears. Aphids or Plant Lice, by A. I. Bourne. Insecticides and Fungicides, by E. B. Holland, A. I. Bourne and P. J. Anderson. Rust of Anthirrhinum, by William L. Doran. Injury to Foliage by Arsenical Sprays, by H. T. Fernald and A. I. Bourne. Varieties of Apples in Massachusetts, by R. A. Van Meter. Raspberry Growing in Massachusetts, by R. A. Van Meter. Grape Growing in Massachusetts, by Fred C. Sears. Connecticut Agricultural College Extension Service Bulletins, Nos. 45, 65, 114, 59, 63. New York Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, Plant Lice Injurious to Apple Orchards, by F. Z. Hartzell and L. F. Strickland. Cornell Extension Bulletins, Nos. 58, 413, 415, 417, 419-421, Memoirs 40, 45, 46, 47, 48-50, 58, 59-63, 65, 67, 69-71. 11 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Cornell Rural School Leafllet, Nos. 2 and 4. Proceedings of the American Pomological Society. 1922. Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations, 1922. Annual Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners, 1922. Arnold Arboretum. Harvard University-, Bulletins. Sweet Pea Annual, 1923, English. The Rose Annual. 1922, English. The American Rose Annual. 1923. United States Department Year Book, 1922. Commercial Floriculture, by Fritz Bahr's. Cyclopedia of Hardv Fruits, by U. P. Hedrick. A Garden of Herbs, by E. S. Rohde. Text-Book of Pomology, by J. H. Gourley. The Rose in America, by J. Horace McFarland Trees as Good Citizens, by Charles L. Pack. The Fern Lover's, by George Henn.' Tilton. Color Standards and' Color Nomenclature, by Robert Ridg\^-ay. PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS Country- Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker The Country Gentleman The American Florist Horticulture Florist's Exchange Potato Magazine The National Geographical Magazine Gardening Farm Journal Gardener's Chronicle Park and Cemetery Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City The Modem Gladiolus Grower Market Grower's Journal American Forestry- Journal of Economic Entomology- ENGLISH PLTBLICATIONS Garden Gardener's Chronicle Gardening Respectfully submitted, LUCY M. COULSON, Librarian. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Finance Committee To THE Officers and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The work of the Finance Committee for the year just closing is without special incident. The Committee, however, has held several conferences with the Advisory Committee for the purpose of considering matters relating to property interests and, while no conclusions have been reached at this time which would enable a report on the subject, the members of the joint com- mittee feel that progress can be reported at an early date covering the matter of the new lease with the tenants of the store property. Following that time we hope to make improvements which will restore the general conveniences and appearance of the Society's rooms. Respectfully submitted, MYRON F. CONVERSE, HERBERT W. ESTABROOK, LEONARD C. MIDGLEY, Finance Committee. December 5, 1923. 13 5 O »5 ^ Q H o c; o X o c t> O' o occcoLt-'^'^c;'— I'— locci r^c^dcvt-^ccccc c CD (» c3 ^ o3 o cc CO 05 C O iC o q (N d ^ O : ffi I— I o coco ^ LO q CO d d o o q q d CO ■m O ^ c -|HC o o i=; 'Si 14 O T}^ ^- tc o C: O CC C C^Cr ->C '-H ^ -H CSl T-i o c o g s- 5:; "5.2 S X -a 05 O CO 00 q 00 d CO i-H 00 05 C CO CO O oo^o 00 00 1— 1 to g 5 o o Ci, o c c ^-^ ^ ^ c o c c o o o c o o ci d d 05 o CO T-H C O LO O i -O X O X d d d d ^ O c3 X £ ><-^ o 3 O >C ' o c o 1 d CO d O CO o q_uo X c: -i- o CO cr. o X o r-H O CO •S S H c z set CI X c^" Ci O X O 01> lO O O 00 OS d d (M* lo o o o CO O O 1> (N d'd" CO cq" o o CO ; O CO CO O O 1 CO OC CO CO CO X C35 r-i CO O (M LO CO '-H ^ 05 c: O 05 00 1> CO c^' CO X X CO t-* X fc£c ; > C > > o : s 13 , oc -4^ • :i 50 cc CO > C o o c : "E p ^ o S 5 o ^^^^ .. jh" C U S3 ,• p u IE o o o ^^^^ O 03 15 WORCESTER COUXTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions Mr. President and Members: Although the season was not especially productive our exhibitions were above the average, ^^-ith the possible exception of fruit. The vegetable dis- plays were good, in fact very good for a dr\- season. The showing of flowers was the best for many years: the exhibition in March and May and all those in September were ver\' meritorious. Our Chr\-santhemum Show was very attractive, the best for years. Many people considered our exhibition superior to the Boston exhibition. Dr. Cooper deserves much praise for his showing of Dahlias and Gladioli. He was awarded a Blake medal for each. ;Much interest was sho-^Ti in the wild flower displays. Naming the dif- ferent varieties adds much to the educational value of these exhibits. Flowers are really the attraction that brings the people to our exhibitions. More money should be appropriated for plants and flowers, to make the pre- miums large enough to help pay the expenses of the large exhibits. Often the premium is not adequate to pay for the labor and carting. WTienever the call for cut flowers appears in our schedule we have a verj- fine display, and many times the exhibits awarded the smaller premiums are worthy of more consideration. Your Committee is now working on an idea to make the awards more of an incentive for the exhibitor who is out-classed by lack of land to grow on, and other handicaps. It is to be regretted that so much vandalism was in evidence at the Chrys- anthemum Show. Some exhibitors lost their whole display of flowers, and much fruit was stolen. Would a rule forbidding the sale of fruit, flowers and vegetables, except, perhaps, in a wholesale way, keep away the element that care nothing for the exhibitions, but are there to get something for nothing and are not very scrupulous as to how they get it? In closing, the Committee ^hes to thank both Secretarj^ Kinney and Librarian Coulson for the work they have done in staging the exhibitions, making the past season the most successful for many j'ears. Respectfully submitted, A. H. LANGE, Chairman. Report of Judge on Flowers and Plants Mr. President and Members of the Worcester Count\- Horticultural Society: The Judge of Plants and Flowers submits the following report: While the Spring Show was very good, there were no classes that took all the prizes that were offered. 16 WORCESTEK COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The May Show was also small, there being no Hyacinths, Geraniums or Carnations shown. The Pansy exhibit was very fine. The June exhibit was not large and there were no Azaleas Rhododendrons, Begonias or Roses. There was very little competition in Roses at the Rose Show, but some very good Peonies were noted. Dianthus Barbatus was one of the largest and best, if not the largest ever shown, there were ten entries. There have been some very fine Regal Lilies shown the past season, and I think they should have a place on our schedule. At the August Show I noted a decided improvement both in quality and quantity, but owing to the lack of rain the shows of Gladioli and Dahlias were not as large as in other years. 0\\-ing to the lack of frost the October Show was well attended, there being twenty-four different exhibits of plants and flowers. The Chrysanthemum Show was one of the best in arrangement and qual- ity. The stage w^as beautifully decorated and considered by many the best ever shown. During the past year there has been more money spent for gratuities than in former years. Ten dollars was given for "Fern Globes," and a dozen nice globes were shown. I awarded in premiums and gratuities $1,227.75, being $27.75 more than the appropriations. Respectfully submitted, ALLYNE W. HIXON, Judge of Plants and Flowers. Report of Judge of Fruit The past season has not been as favorable for fruit as 1922. The low temperature caused the small fruit to be later than last year. The large fruits, peaches and plums, suffered more than apples and pears. There has been less loss from fungus and insects than in other years. Mc- intosh apple trees had a full bloom, but set very little fruit. The apple scab did very much less damage than last year, the dry weather and the sunny days preventing its spread. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as follows: Strawberries 34, cherries 25, raspberries 15, currants 23, blackberries 9, gooseberries 3, grapes 52, quinces 5, apples 170, pears 78, peaches 45, plums 45, apricots 3, display of fruit 6, display of pears 4, display of apples 9, display of plums 1, display of strawberries 3, collection of grapes 3, white blueberries 1. collection of apples 8, collection of peaches 3, making a total of 545, 72 less than last year. Respectfully submitted, HERBERT A. COOK, Judge of Fruit. 17 WORCESTEE COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Report of Judge of Vegetables Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultltial Society: I hereby submit my report as Judge of Vegetables for the year 1923 : One of the most noticeable features in the vegetable department the past year has been the decrease in the number of exhibits, and I think, also, in the number of different exhibitors. This is not a pleasant feature, and should be carefully studied and a remedy found if possible. Of the little more than $700 offered in premiums in this department, $249 was not awarded. As one means of creating more interest in this department, liberal gratuities on all meritorious exhibits were awarded, to the amount of $98. But even with these, there was still $151 left of the amount offered. The exhibitions where the small number of exhibits were most noticeable were the March exhibition, where only thirteen out of the fifty-six premiums were awarded, and the exhibitions of June 14, June 21, July 12 and July 19. As the season advanced the exhibits grew more numerous. The "Displays of Vegetables" have been extra good this year, as were also the "Display of Tomatoes" on September 6. These features should be continued. Another fine feature of our exhibition was the special prizes for Home Gardens covering 12 square feet offered by one of our own members, Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage. This brought out some fine exhibits and close competi- tion, and it is interesting to note that the first prize was won by a woman. I think this feature should be continued, if not as a special prize by some gener- ous members of our Society, then by the Society itself. Let us hope that another year "will see more and better exhibits in this department. Respectfully submitted, H. WARD MOORE. THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1923 Illustrated Lecture — "The Scenic Wonderland of Southern Utah" By Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Bryce Canyon is situated in southern Utah. It was named after "Billy" Bryce, a local cow-puncher. Although so called, it is not a canyon at all, but a great amphitheatre some three miles in diameter and a thousand feet deep, eroded in the sandstone rock of the Paunsagunt Plateau, whose summit is 8,000 feet above the sea. From the brink of Bryce Canyon the most beautiful view imaginable is disclosed. Standing on the rim of a semi-circular amphitheatre, somewhat irregular in shape, one sees an astonishing array of architectural forms, endless in design, appearing like castles, temples, colonnades, arches, battlements, minarets, obelisks, and the like. 18 WORCESTEE COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The dominating hue is a salmon-pink, but the reddish tones vary from actual vermilion to the faintest flesh color. In places there is a real golden yellow which varies in sections from orange to sulphur and saffron. Mauve, lilac, purple, tans, browns, buffs, delicate greens and blues appear here and there. A group of evergreen trees in the depths below form a striking setting. Much of this color intensity depends upon the sunlight; hence the early morn- ing and the late afternoon hours produce the richest effects. Two or three steep and narrow trails lead down into the canyon and reveal even more closely those fantastic shapes of architecture. From the summit one sees, thirty miles away to the eastward. Table Cliff, or Escalante Mountain. Southward is seen the Grand Canyon itself, and Navajo Mountain, eighty miles away. Bryce Canyon is little known as yet, as it is difficult of access; but it is well worth the trouble of finding it. It is said by many to be "the most beautiful spot on earth." THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1923 Lecture — "Plant Foods and Their Value to Crop Productions" By Herbert Reiner, Assistant County Agent, Worcester Soil is more than a source of mineral plant food. Bacteria work in the soil and furnish plant food. The soil of the United States contains more potash than phosphorus, but the opposite condition is true of that here in Mas- sachusetts. It would pay to spend a great deal of money to save liquid manure. The value of manure is far more than mineral matter, for it has a humus and forms an ideal bed for bacteria. The poultry game here is on the increase and \^all help out the problem. For $4 per ton, 15 pounds of acid phosphate plus 4 of potash will balance 2100 pounds of hen manure. Dry manure is deficient in phosphoric acid. The best substitute for liquid manure is green manure, but it may be necessary to devote an entire season to growing this. Intercropping will help. Barley grows fast; but legumes are by far the best kind to grow, as they have a long season. If bacteria has plenty of room it can grow nodules on the crop, but if com- pact, it cannot. It must have a sufficient chance in the soil for activity. Green crops will not replace fertilizer if the ground is too cold. 4-8-4 may be anything — high or low grade mixed sources. We should question about mineral and organic matter in fertilizers. 2-8-2 is one of the commonest forms sold, but the time is coming when it wall not be made. Some think they can save money by home mixtures; but the best of farmers make mistakes, and the risk is not a wise one. The question of potash is a great one. Money may be saved by not using so much potash as some people do. The sam.e fertilizer does not always work the same way, as foreign substances come into play. Goods left in the dealer's stock from the previous year should not be purchased. 19 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Weather conditions effect changes in fertilizers and their result upon crops. This matter must be made a personal one, and individual conditions studied ; for what goes in one place is a total failure in another, many times. The organic sources of nitrogen are preferable to the mineral. Potash is dis- tinctly an advantage to the potato crop. Phosphoric acid may be as necessary as nitrate of soda. ^ There can be no excessive use of fertilizer, if it is just worked well into the soil. An overdose of nitrogen produces too much leafy growth, and in this way is bad. Potash can be supplied by wood ashes. Soot from wood ashes has some nitrogen, but that from soft coal hasn't much value. If wood ashes have 12 % of potash they are valuable as a fertilizer. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1923 Illustrated Lecture — "The Arnold Arboretum" By Loring Underwood, Boston, Mass. According to the will of James Arnold, 1873, a bequest of $100,000 was made for the purpose of founding the present Arnold Arboretum. The Arbore- tum, consisting of more than 250 acres, has been leased to Harvard University for a thousand years ; but the city of Boston keeps the roads in order and polices them. In this garden specimens of every tree and shrub able to live in the climate of eastern Massachusetts is found. It represents the life work of Professor Sargent. Mr. Wilson, one of the best collectors for the Arboretum, has travelled in all parts of the world, and collected from those places representative plants, shrubs, and trees capable of thriving in the soil of this section. Since the Drugs Act it has been rather a difficult proposition to bring many of these specimens into the country. Mr. Underwood gave an interesting talk on the gardens, illustrating it with many beautiful autochrome photographs. These photographs showed the direct color of the trees and shrubs so skilfully that one felt like picking the flowers from the canvas. This process, the Lumier Process, is the latest and greatest achievement in the field of photography. Many hundreds of interesting plants were shown in different stages of leaf and bloom, month by month. Mr. Underwood, as a landscape gardener, explained their habits and usefulness in planting. Not only the seasons, but the day and night, were shown in all the glory of their splendor. Water scenes intermingled with land pictures, and various sky effects were seen. The same gardens were shown in their summer or spring decorations, then again in their autumn or winter dress. It is impossible to imagine anything more exquisite than the original of these pictures; and the conclusion drawn by the specta- tors is always, "I must see the living for myself." We travel far and wide to see sights not half so beautiful, yet many of us right here in Massachusetts are totally unfamiliar with the Arnold Arboretum and its story. It is just outside the city of Boston, but many a Boston resident 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY has never heard of its glory. A plea is made to the public to partake of the blessings afforded by the Arnold Arboretum ; for all who see it are thrilled by its beauty. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1923 Lecture — "The Lexington Field Station and What It Is Doing" By Professor H. F. Thompson, Lexington, Mass. The Experimental Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College is located in Lexington. Here a large station for market garden experiments is maintained. One of the big problems now is for New England, and in fact all the middle and eastern states, to overcome the great competition with the West. Green- house lettuce here in Massachusetts is in great competition with that of Cal- ifornia and Florida. The western product is sold to the public at the expense of our own production. An attempt is being made to increase our production and do it with a profit. Pennsylvania and Ohio have an increased output and are already competing with California in the grass crop. Our tendency for the past twenty years has been to produce fast and sacrifice quality, a method which has doomed the lettuce business. Every variety of lettuce that could be grown here or in Europe was col- lected. It w^as found that two of the most precious varieties had been grown by our men. Their care and skill had made them select these two good kinds. The four best varieties are: Belmont, May King, Golden Queen and Baechus. The effect of light upon lettuce is one of the experiments in process. Mer- cury lights are now^ being tested in the college. The pow er is furnished by the Edison Company of Boston at two cents a kilowatt. One house is given over to cucumbers. Every plant is grown from known parents and the pedigree and general history of each is recorded. The disease control problem is a very serious one. The formaldehyde treatment for lettuce drop control was used. This proved that the trouble was there, then they cured it. One gallon of 4*; c formaldehyde to the square foot was used, with the result that a successful crop of lettuce was grown. Black rot is carried on cabbage seed. Even after celery blight has a start it can be stopped and a good crop grown. Entomologists are now at work on the red spider problem. Production of stock seed and distribution of seed are of extreme value. It has been said that it is necessary to use cucumber and' squash seed six or seven years old for the correct results. A try-out proved that the old seed was no better than the new. The manure economy test started with three problems: 1. The market gardeners' lavish use of stable manure. 2. The diminishing supply of stable manure. 3. W^hat different combinations would profitably supplant stable manure. It was concluded that 15 tons of manure with 1,000 pounds of fertilizer is better than fertilizer alone. Five years' work has drawn the conclusion 21 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY that market gardeners can cut down 50*^ c and get a better result by combining manure with fertilizer. Some crops respond well to extra nitrogen. A plot of Washington asparagus containing 1,051 plants, with the rows lettered and the plants numbered, was observed for three years and individual plant records kept. During the cutting season two men recorded the behavior of the plants daily. Great variation was found in this high-grade, uniform stock. Some plants produced 12,000 pounds to an acre. So far as known, no such record has ever been made before. An attempt is being made to bring about a uniformity of nomenclature. Professor Norton says there are only three or four kinds of asparagus, but that different names are used for the same variety. The variety nam.e today means nothing. Soon names will be standardized, and photographs will be furnished to prove each variety. The possibility of greater consumption of vegetables by the public at large is being considered. For $50,000 a year quite a campaign could be car- ried on here. For this purpose some specialist who knows about the subject and not a mere advertising agent, is necessary. Posters, circulars and the like would prove very beneficial. After a question is solved by the Supreme Court, it is possible that the Experiment Station may sell its present quarters and move to the tract of land in Waltham which has been offered to the State absolutely free. This has an assessed value of $50,000 and is superior to the present station in every way. On August 8 the Field Day of the Experiment Station is to be held, and it is hoped that a large representation will meet there. FEBRUARY 22, 1923 Lecture — "The History of the Worcester County Horticultural Society" By Miss Frances C . Morse Before starting to consider the portraits in Horticultural Hall a slight sketch of the early days of the Society will add to the interest in these men, especially those who not only made the Horticultural Society, but who had a large share in the building of Worcester. In 1840 Worcester was a small place of 8,000 inhabitants. As land was plentiful almost every house had a garden. Nearly all the descriptions of the houses on Main Street speak of trees and flowers in the front and a fruit garden in the rear. 1 fancy that the originators of the Worcester Society were inspired by the success of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, started in 1819, and by the Worcester Agricultural Society, formed the same year. The list of members of the latter and the officers during its twenty-one years preceding this Society, contains many of the same names which figure in our early record. Levi Lincoln, Senior, was the first president; and others were Emery Wash- burn, WiUiam Lincoln, Charles Allen, Stephen Salisbury — all of these names were also among our early contributors. 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Agricultural Society had an Annual Fair, held upon the Common, and it ended with the great social event of the year, the Cattle Show Ball. Our first exhibition was held during the Agricultural Fair, and it v/ould seem from the records for several years that there was some feeling between the two societies, for in the secretaries' reports are remarks not always amiable in re- gard to the older society. This ended when the Annual Horticultural Show, afterwards held in Mechanics Hall, was given up for the weekly exhibits in our own hall. William Lincoln's portrait is not upon these walls, but, although he lived only two years after the formation of this Society, we owe m.uch to him. He was the son of Levi Lincoln and Martha Waldo the nephew ol Daniel Waldo, and the uncle of D. Waldo Lincoln and Edward Winslow Lincoln. He lived on the Lincoln farm on Lincoln Street, in the house build by Thomas Hancock, and left to his nephew, John Hancock. This building was moved from its site when Mr. Moen built his house there, and now stands upon the corner of Grove and Lexington Streets. In this house lived William Lincoln, and there he carried on the farm, and raised fruits and flowers. He was a man of wit and a trained wTiter. At one time he was editor of the Aegis, afterwards the Gazette. He v as an officer of the Agricultural Society and his witty reports of the shows were famous. It is said that for one Agricultural Show he searched the country for a committee to judge the pigs, and when assembled the mem- bers all bore the same name — Bacon. It was during his office as editor of the AegU that this Society was first planned. William Lincoln wrote a history of Worcester up to 1826, which is of great value; and had he lived, the work he had started would have added greatly to the historical records of our city. The earliest record of transactions of the Society was printed in 1847, and it is due to George Jaques that the records were preserved and printed. He calls it "A Brief Account of the Origin of the Society, " and upon the title page is a quotation from the best seller of the day, Martin Farquhar Tupper's ''Pro- verbial Philosophy," said to be a favorite book with Mr. Jaques. The quota- tion ends "and the m.eanest weed of the garden serves its many uses," proof conclusive that Tupper was no gardener. Mr. Jaques, after what he calls "Preliminary Observations," in the rather stilted and flowery language of eighty years ago, tells how a few gentlemen met in September, 1840, and chose as president. Dr. John Green; vice-presidents. Dr. S. B. Woodward and Stephen Salisbury; recording secretaries, Benjamin Hey wood, L. L. Newton, and J. C. Bancroft Da\'is; corresponding secretaries, William Lmcoln and Dr. Joseph Sargent. Committees were appointed — notably, one to arrange for an Exhibition of Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables and Paintings, on the same day as the Agricultural Show. This was carried out, and the two days' exhibition w^as a great success. Mr. Jaques closes his "preliminary observations" thus: "A large number of gentlemen (would that we could add 'ladies') became mem- bers." This soulful wish was fulfilled- for in a few years the list of flower ex- hibitors was largely ladies, who exhibited bouquets, designs, baskets and vases. The Society was incorporated in 1842. In 1850 its funds amounted, with a bequest oi $3,000 from Daniel Waldo, to $5,126. Courage and faith must 23 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY have upheld the members, for they bought this lot of land on Front Street for $6,847, and erected this building, costing $11,278, a total of $18,125. A committee of seven gentlemen took a mortgage of $12,000. The rents at that time amounted to $1,600, from which was paid interest, taxes, and other ex- penses, not lea\'ing much for premiums. It was not until 1871. thirty years later, that the Society was entirely free from debt. The start of the building fund was the bequest of $3,000, left by Daniel Waldo in 1845. He was born in Boston in 1763, but lived in Worcester nearly all of his life, at first \^ith his father, Daniel Waldo, in the house at the corner of Belmont Street and Lincoln Square, afterwards used for years as a hotel. In 1806 he built a brick dwelling on Main Street where the Exchange Building now stands: and in 1828 he built upon the next lot the mansion afterwards moved back upon Waldo Street, when }^Iechanics Hall was built. This man- sion has passed through many ^'icissitudes, from hotel to lodging house, and now presents a pathetic sight. In 1840 it stood on Main Street ^sith a fine garden in the rear, and in it dwelt Daniel Waldo vdth his two sisters, all un- married. He was the chief merchant of his day in Worcester. His store was the one now occupied by Elwood Adam-s and it has, from the first, had the same business in it. Daniel Waldo's father built the block, kno\Mi then as Granite Row, the second brick business block in Worcester. Father and son had a hardware store there; later, the son; and later still Henry W. Miller, his apprentice, whom he took in with him: then Elwood Adams, and in turn, his son. About twenty-five years ago I bought a number of sets of old brass han- dles which had been in that store ever since the days of Daniel Waldo. He lived to eighty-two years of age, his sisters outliA-ing him. He left in public bequests the sum of $173,000 large even for these days. There are no m.embers of his family by that name in this country, but the name is perpetuated through the descendents of the one married sister, Mrs. Levi Lincoln. Levi Lincoln, 2nd, was born in 1782, the son of Levi Lincoln and his wife, Martha Waldo. He was the brother of William Lincoln, and the father of Daniel Waldo Lincoln and Edward Winslow Lincoln. He was Mayor of Worcester, Representative in Congress, and Governor of Massachusetts, be- sides holding other public offices. He built, in IS']P\, the mansion on Main Street, wiiich stood where the Lincoln House block was, between Elm and Maple Streets, and lived there until 1835, when Elm Street was cut through his garden, and the mansion turned into a hotel. Mr. Lincoln had built the house upon Elm Street, familiar to us all. and he lived there until his death in 1868, at eighty-six years of age. The first president of the Horticultural Society was Br. John Green. He is known to all as the founder and benefactor of the Free Public Librarj'. He was born in 1783 in his father's house, still standing on Green Hill. He was the third Dr. John Green here, and the fourth Dr. Green to practice in con- tinuous line in Worcester, for a space of time covering 138 years. His office was in a small wooden house adjoining the brick block built by his father, and afterwards bought and occupied by Dr. Nichols, whose daughters still 'in 1923) live in the upper floors. It was in the attic over Dr. Green's office that this 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Society had its birth, when Dr. Green, William Lincoln and Clarendon Harris met there. This block is across Main Street from Central. In the next block to it lived Samuel Brazer, and later, William Dickenson. When 1 was a little girl 1 used to play in the terraced garden in the rear. 1 presume Dr. Green had a terraced garden, also, where he grew flowers and fruits. As a physician he w^as beloved by all; and his kindly nature speaks from his portrait and from his statue in the Free Public Library. His earlier portraits have a quizzical expression, and I am sure he was fond of a joke, as is proved by his book-plate, which must have been jokingly made. The only one in existence is at the Amer- ican Antiquarian Society, so it could not have been used by him extensively. The frame is made of skulls and hourglasses, and in the center is his name: "Dr. John Green, Physician, Dentist, Surgeon, Apothecary & Man Midwife." These sentiments appear at the sides: " Tis by our Art and that alone That Death enjoys his m.arrow bone ; We are all partners in the Murdering Art Death twangs the bow, while Dr's point the dart. Physicians are, as facts can tell The allied friends of Death and Hell." The cynicism shown in these lines could not have been Dr. Green's habit- ual attitude, forjudge Thomas said of him: "His name was a household word. Not to have seen him as, under that brown, broad-brimmed soft hat, he rolled from side to side in that old time-honored gig, through the streets of the village, town and city, was to have missed one of the most striking institutions of Worcester." Clarendon Harris was one of the originators of this Society. He kept a bookstore in Dr. Green's building. He was a great flower lover, and in his garden on Elm Street he had all sorts of lovely flowers. His house was between the houses of Peter C. Bacon and Charles F. W^ashburn, on the site covered by the brick residence of Mrs. Charles F. Washburn. The first village direc- tory was published in Worcester in 1829 by Clarendon Harris. After the resignation of Dr. John Green, Isaac Davis became president, and served from 1844 to 1S48. He studied law in the office of his uncle. Gov- ernor John Davis, and amassed a fortune by his ability in his profession. He lived in the house on the north corner of Barton Place, the house now stand- ing upon Piedmont Street, where it was moved when the block owned by Mac- Innes' large store was built. It is a fine house even now, with pillars reaching above the second story. It stood well back from Main Street, and in front was a garden with a fountain, at that time considered the acme of desirability in a garden. In the rear were greenhouses and fruit trees. A number of times in the Society's reports are entries of oranges and lemons grown by Isaac Davis. In one it says that the fruit was eaten and pronounced good. He also showed the large orange and lemon trees. Mr. Davis was prominent in the early life of Worcester as a city; he was its mayor during the war, and as such did his share in looking after the soldiers and their families. He had nine children WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY who lived to be married, but not one of his descendents now lives in Worcester. When he sold the house and land on Main street he built the large brick house now occupied by the W^orcester Club, to whom it was sold by his heirs. He died in 1883, eighty-four years of age. John Milton Earle was born and educated in Leicester, his father being a manufacturer there. He came to Worcester, and with Anthony Chase opened a grocery store on the corner of Main and Thomas Streets. His whole interest was Hterary, howe^^er, and in 1823 he and his partner took the Mas- sachusetts Spy to publish. Later, Samuel H. Colton was in com.pany with him, and for a short time, Thomas Drew, until 1859, when it v/as taken by John D. Baldwin. John Milton Earle had been editor of the paper for nearly forty years. He lived on what was known as Nobility Hill, in the second house south of Chatham Street. I think that house is still standing on Lagrange Street. In the rear was his garden, extending to High Street, where he raised the wonderful pears shown at the Society meetings. It m.ay surprise some to hear that the list of pears in 1850 was practically the same as now: Seckel, Bartlett, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Flemish Beauty, Beurre Bose, Lawrence, Vicar of Winkfield, Nelis, Sheldon. At the annual exhibition in 1850 there were 1,200 plates of beautiful fruit, all labelled. There were 400 plates of pears, more of apples, and 30 varieties of peaches shown. The president, Mr. Earle, showed 47 varieties of pears, and D. Waldo Lincoln, 63. Mr. Earle was awarded the first premium. The chief flower at this show, as at previous ones, was the dahlia, thirty varieties coming from one exhibitor. The first premium was given to William T. Merrifield. Mr. Earle imported new varieties, of fruit and flowers, and he also originated several, one highly spoken of being Earle's Bergamot pear. Air. Earle died in 1874. His only descendent now living in Worcester is Miss Jeanie Lea Southwick. In connection with John Milton Earle, I will speak of some early m.embers who were prominent. Anthony Chase m.arried the sister of Mr. Earle, and was associated with him in business and in the Massachusetts Spy. He was a Quaker, as was Samuel H. Colton. Mr. Chase lived on Nobility Hill in a large brick house on the northern corner of Chatham Street. My earliest recollec- tions are of going down Chatham Street past the Chase front yard, filled with daisies and buttercups, to go to church twice on Sunday. Mr. Colton had a nursery running back from the corner of Austin Street. The house which my father built in 1854 is upon land bought from Mr. Colton's nursery; and the trees around my house were planted by him. He lived in the house on Queen Street, afterwards used as a nurses' home in connection with the City Hospital, the Colton estate having been bought by the city. Mr. Colton was a constant exhibitor of fruit, showing in 1850, 27 varieties of pears, 52 of apples, 23 of peaches, and 13 of plams. Bartlett pears were shown that year by Miss Sarah Waldo, so there must have been a garden with the Waldo house. The long life of Stephen Salisbury, 2nd, brought him down so late that many of us can remember him well. He was born in the old Salisbury Man- sion at the head of Lincoln Square, in 1796. His mother lived here after the 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY founding of this Society in 1840, for one of the early reports speaks of some baskets of pears "from the fairy grounds of Mrs. Salisbury," and then come stars where the report of the committee was cut. Then, "A basket of apples, called Magnum Bonum, came from the same sweet country." How I uish the probably fulsome report had come down to us with some description of those "fairy grounds!" Mr. SaHsbury built the house on Highland Street at the end of Harvard, where he lived and died. He had fine greenhouses, cared for by the father of Miss Coulson, our librarian. His pear orchard still extends down to Lincoln Square, with doubtless many of his trees standing there. The competition in pears, and the interest in them, seemed greater than in any other one direction during these early years. Mr. Salisbury was president at the time that this building was erected, and was one of the com- mittee who loaned the money for it. Later, he was a generous contributor toward paying the debt. He died in 1884, at eighty-seven years of age. Among the reports in 1854 is one of two exhibits by Moses Ruggles, of Hardwick, and W. H. Henry, of Grafton, of grape wine, both from the juice of native grapes. It says: "After tasting, retasting, and tasting again, the committee gave the premium of $1 to Mr. Henry." 1 wonder how much was left! Also, "Most excellent currant wine was submitted to the tasting power of the committee by Mr. Joseph Lovell, Jr., of Worcester, and they recom- mended a gratuity of $1" (here speaks Solomon!) "not to Mr. Lovell, but to his wife, the excellent Mrs. Lovell, who made the wine." In 1855 the exhibitors showed wdne, and Curtis Forbush of Grafton showed a large variety: Isabella grape, native grape, Smyrna raisins, quince, wild cherry, elderberry, and cranberry. If the committee tasted all of these, tasted again, and retasted, one cannot help wondering what was the result. These exhibits of wine recur quite frequently in those good old days. Daniel Waldo Lincoln, the fifth president, was the son of Levi Lincoln, 2nd, and Martha Waldo. He was born on the Lincoln farm. He graduated at Harvard in 1831, and became a law^^'er, but he was a horticulturist above all. He had a farm on Pleasant Street beyond Merrick, where he grew over 100 varieties of pears and fruits of all sorts, as well as flowers. He secured and exhibited at his farm a specimen of the Victoria Regia lily, from Africa, creat- ing great interest. He lived on Ashland Street, but after his father's death he took the Elm Street house, where he lived until his death in a railroad accident. He was the brother of Edward Winslow Lincoln, the secretary of the Society from 1861 to 1896, with the 'exception of one year. Edward Winslow Lincoln had been employed in newspaper work before he became the secretary, and the trained wTiter is visible in his annual reports which were the feature of the publication, full of wit, biting and fearless, sometimes too much so. In reading over these reports it is astonishing how fresh, each year, Mr. Lincoln came to his task. He was the unfailing enemy of the robin and assailed him without much success, but unsparingly. He was always at his task for the weekly exhibits, and always interested. It is to him that we owe one of our too few parks. Elm Park, and it was through his efforts that Newton Hill was 27 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY bought by the city, and preserved for us. The city owes him much and we in the Horticultural Society who remember him realize what he meant to the Society. Mr. Lincoln lived on Oak Street in the house which was burned a few weeks ago, then occupied by Mr. Sessions. Edward Winslow Lincoln was the fourth member of this family to show a keen and active interest in this Society. His uncle, WiUiam Lincoln, was the first, then Levi Lincoln, William Lincoln's brother, and the father of Daniel Waldo Lincoln and of Edward Winslow Lincoln. Thus, for a period of fifty-six years the name was actively associated with the Horticultural Society. The sixth president, Alexander H. Bullock, was born in Royalston in 1816. He studied law, and practiced for some years, but his main interest was insurance. He was an eloquent speaker and well fitted for the public life which he entered in 1845. He was speaker of the House of Representatives in Boston during the war. In 1865 he was elected Governor of the state, an office which he held for three years. The success of the State Mutual Life Assurance Company is largely due to him. He was its third president, an office, which, after his death, was filled by his son, Col. A. George Bullock, who lives in his father's house on Elm Street. To George Jaques, the seventh president, we owe the preservation and collecting of our early records, and the printing of them in correct form. He was born in Connecticut, but in 1833 his father, Abiel Jaques, bought a part of the Chandler farm, owned by two Chandler brothers (not connected with the large family of that name). Chandler street was cut through their land and named for them. The Jaques farm started at the junction of Chandler and Wellington Streets. Mr. Jaques lived there and had his nursery, where he advertised plants and trees for sale. He never married. He left his farm and the balk of his property, over $200,000, to found the City Hospital. He had already given to this cause $35,000, and three and one-half acres of land on Prince Street, the name of which was changed to Jaques Avenue. He died in 1872. He was an enthusiastic gardener, and a constant exhibitor. He loved children, and w^hen the pears and apples on his trees dropped to the ground the school children were allowed to come in and help themselves. He constantly visited the schools and took a kindly interest in the scholars. The next president, J. Henry Hill, was born in Nichiwaug, this side of Petersham, in 1818. He studied law with Benjamin F. Thomas, and was afterwards his partner. Later he was a partner of George F. Hoar, but after that he practiced his profession alone until his son joined him. He lived on the corner of Salisbury and Boyton Streets, and his place was full of trees and shrubs which he planted. He was a great pear grower, and a steady exhibitor at the weekly shows of this Society. His place was bought after his death, and added to the grounds of the Polytechnic Institute, the house being de- molished. He died in 1890, aged seventy-two years. Francis H. Dewey was the president of this Society from 1867 to 1871, and later, from 1881 to 1887. He was born in Williamstown in 1821. He, his father, and grandfather were all judges. He became a judge in the Superior Court, resigning in 1881 to become the counsel for the Washburn and 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Moen Co., a position whicli he occupied until his death in 1887, at sixty-six years of age. He was a graduate of Williams College, as are his three sons. Judge Dewey lived in the large house on the corner of Chestnut and Cedar Streets, facing Walnut Street. He had a fine garden which was full of fruit trees and flowers, specimens of which Judge Dewey exhibited through many years. This house is now occupied by his youngest son, John C. Dewey. George W. Richardson was president for one year, 1871-72, but for many years before then both he and his wife had been exhibitors. He lived on Elm Street on the site bought by Jonas Clark, and now owned by the Elks Society. The beautiful magnolia tree which he set out is still there, and many of the garden plants. Dr. George E. Francis was president from 1872 to 1874. For many years he held various offices in the Society. From the time he came to Worcester, in 1866, he was an interested and active member. Dr. Francis was born in Lowell in 1838. He was a surgeon in the United States Navy through the Civil War. At the close of the war he came to Worcester, where he practiced for nearly forty years. He made a study of mushrooms and started a Myco- logical Club, and the offering of premiums for mushrooms. He died in 1912, aged seventy-four years. It was at the suggestion of Dr. Francis that after 1873 the annual exhibition in Mechanics Hall was given up, thereby destroying the friction which had always existed between the Agricultural and Horticul- tural Societies, the exhibitions being held the same day. He also suggested the weekly meetings with premiums as a regular institution, which has continued ever since. Obediah Brown Hadwen was president in 1875-76 ; and also from 1895 to 1907. He was born in Providence, and was educated at the Friends' Acad- emy there. His father, also Obediah Hadwen, had a farm on Hadwen Lane, which is now covered with houses. The son lived on Lovell Street on a beauti- ful farm planted by him with trees and shrubs of every sort. The trees are now giants. At his death he left this farm to Clark University, and the house is now occupied by members of the faculty. Mr. Hadwen was a member of the Society for over fifty years; and during that time he was a constant ex- hibitor of fruits and flowers. He w^as a member of the Society of Friends, like his father and mother, who seldom failed to be seen at the Friends' Meet- ing House on Thursday and Sunday. Mr. Hadwen died in 1907. He gave to the city a lovely park, named for him, full of beautiful trees, which are the monuments he chose to perpetuate his memory. William T. Merrifield was president from 1876 to 1879. He was born in Worcester in 1807. He was identified with the manufacturing life here, as he built large shops which he let for various manufactures. In 1854 occurred what was for many years the most disastrous fire in Worcester, when the Merri- field shops w'ere burned to the ground. Mr. Merrifield promptly rebuilt them. He was a faithful member and exhibitor; and on reading the reports it is evident that his exhibits were most important to the success of the Society. He showed plants from his greenhouses, grapes from his hothouses, and flowers and fruit from his gardens and farm. He lived in a large brick house on the site of the 29 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY present residence of his daughter, Mrs. William T. Forbes. Many of the trees he planted are still standing there, notably, one superb copper beech. His greenhouses and garden were at the foot of the hill on Highland Street, and his farm surrounded the house. Several streets have been made through the land, which is covered with buildings now. The sixteenth president of this Society was Henry L. Parker, who served from 1888 to 1895. He was born in Alton in 1833. He graduated from Dart- mouth College. The large part of his life, forty-five years, was passed in Worcester in the practice of the law. He was a fruit grower, and his name appears in many of the reports as exhibitor. In March, 1881, a scholarly and interesting paper on "Aesthetics of Earth Culture" was read by Mr. Parker before this Society. It is a paper well worth having again. It gives flower legends, and tells of ancient Egyptian and Roman gardens, then of the Italian, French and Dutch. It was during the term of Mr. Parker, and due to his efforts, combined with the biting pen of Edward Winslow Lincoln, that the tax upon our property was lowered one-half — very properly, as we are surely an educational institution. Dr. William Workman was an early and faithful member, exhibiting fruit and flowers from his garden on Elm Street. The house is now occupied by Dr. Fisher. Dr. Workman was born in 1798, and from the time he came to Worcester until his death in 1885, a period of fifty years, he practiced here. His son, also Dr. William Workman, married a daughter of Alexander H. Bul- lock, and together they have spent many years in mountain climbing, winning a world-wide reputation for their achievements. Frederic W. Paine was one of the incorporators of this Society and its treasurer for many years. He was born in 1788 in Salem, where his father lived after returning from banishment as a Tory. In 1793 the family returned to Worcester, and lived at the Oaks, the family place, now owned by the Timothy Bigelow Chapter of the D. A. R. One can but think how displeasing this would be to the Tory Paines. F. W. Paine travelled for several years, then finally settled down at the Oaks, where he had a beautiful garden. He died in 1869, eighty-two years of age. Benjamin Putnam was one of the early members of this Society. He lived at one time in the Gardner Chandler house, afterward occupied by Judge Ira Barton, across Barton Place from the Isaac Davis house, on the site of the Taylor Building. He was born in 1787 in Worcester, but started his mer- cantile life as a clerk in the drug-store of George Brinley, in Boston. In 1816 he was a dealer in West India goods in Worcester. After twenty years he re- tired from that business, and built several blocks here, Brinley Block being one, on the site of the present Slater Building. He made a fortune in real es- tate, buying in 1812 forty-five acres of land bounded by Main, Pleasant, New- bury and Chandler Streets, for $7,000. He died in 1872, at eighty-five years of age, in his home on May Street, now occupied by Henry Harmon Chamberlain. Benjamin F. Thomas was born in Worcester in 1813 and died in 1878. He was the grandson of the first Isaiah Thomas, who read the Declaration of 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Independence from the Old South porch. Benjamin F. Thomas studied law and practiced in Worcester for some years. He was judge of the Probate Court, but resigned in 1850 to practice law in Boston. He was a flower lover and a faithful m^ember of this Society. He wrote in 1874: "With all the growth of Worcester in wealth and culture there are no such gardens now as were those of Edward Dillingham Bangs, of William Lincoln, and of Frederick W. Paine." Mr. Bangs lived next door to the house of Mr. Thomas' mother, "just south of the lane leading to the Court Mill. The garden extended over the brook to Summer Street. With its shady walks, its fish pond, its lovely waterfall, its flowers, native and exotic, it seemed an Eden of beauty." Judge Thomas married the daughter of Mr. Bangs. George F, Hoar was born in 1826 in Concord, Massachusetts. He was descended from the brother of Leonard Hoar, the first president of Harvard College — not as some biographies state, from Leonard Hoar, who never mar- ried. My father was also descended, through his mother, from the same broth- er of Leonard Hoar. George F. Hoar's mother was the daughter of Roger Sherman of Connecticut, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a United States Senator. His father was Samuel Hoar, an eminent lawyer. George F. Hoar was a lawyer and practiced in Worcester, rising by his ability to the highest rank in his profession. In 1849 he entered politics, at the age of twenty-three, and he progressed rapidly, until in 1868 he was, at forty-two years of age, elected Representative in Congress. He took his seat in 1877 in the United States Senate, where he served for twenty-seven years. He was tendered the ambassadorship to England by President McKinley, but declined. Although most of his time was passed in Washington, he was always active in Worcester interests. His house on Oak Avenue was his delight upon his return from Congress. He died in 1904. His daughter now lives in the Oak Avenue home. Mr. Hoar was an enthusiastic fruit grower and a frequent exhibitor of pears, the great horticultural hobby of the time. He was a nature lover. Twice when taking the ride with him to the meeting of the Rufus Put- nam Association in Rutland (which, by the way, he formed), I was surprised at his knowledge of birds and flowers. His memory was extraordinary, and he could quote pages of poetry on any subject without any preparation. Joseph C. Ripley was an early member and exhibitor. He lived on Main Street on the site afterwards built upon by Joseph Walker, and now owned by the Parochial School. Ripley Street was cut through his land. When Mr. Ripley lived there, along the front were immense maple trees, and a long av- enue of these great trees led up to his house. He died in 1869. Thomas Chamberlain was a well-known farmer, living in the old Chamber- lain house in the Chamberlain district, now Salisbury Street. He was sheriff for years, and his son, General Chamberlain, also held that office. Mr. Chamberlain was an early exhibitor here, of the fruit and vegetables from his farm. He died in 1855, aged seventy-two years. 31 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY REUNION AND BANQUET February 28, 1923 At the Annual Renunion and Banquet Mr. David L. Fiske, president of the Society, acted as toastmaster. Invocation v*^as given by the Rev. Craw- ford O. Smith, pastor of the Pleasant Street Baptist Church. Mr. Fiske in his address of welcome spoke of the success of the Society during the past year, and of the various factors contributing to this welfare. Mr. Wight Root, president of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Associa- tion, referred to the many rows of fruit growers present; and outlined plans for holding a big apple exhibit in New York City in the fall. He declared that they would all return to Horticultural Hall and make there sales of Eastern apples. Mr. W. R. Rogers of the Grand Central Palace of New York spoke of the great vision the Eastern apple growers have before them, and of the still greater need of having this vision realized. The apple show is to be given by fourteen Eastern states. It is for the purpose of making people realize that Eastern apples are as good as, if not better than, the Western apples. If a demand is only created for our Eastern apples the supply will be forthcoming. Housewives can help the cause in this way. The reason for bringing on a supply of Western apples will thus be removed. November 3 to 10 the great exhibition will be held in Grand Central Palace, and all are urged to attend. Women's clubs are invited to cooperate in the entire move to have Eastern apples eaten in the East. Mr. T. E. Cross, Ex-President of the New York State Horticultural Soci- ety, spoke next. According to him the apple has been slandered from the time of Adam. The apple was not the real cause of the fall of man, but a green pear in the garden. Here in the East there has never been an advertising campaign for the apple, but Western fruit growers spend a lot of money for this purpose. Westerners boast much over their fine crop of apples; but if we Easterners would only compete, ours might be as good a story. Mr. James B. Thrasher of Boston cited many interesting and witty stories. His theme was the French Canadian, the optimist and ray of sunshine. Great tribute was paid this sturdy workman whose cloud always has a silver lining. The entertainment consisted of several fine selections by the Imperial Quartet, and readings by Miss Mildred E. Farmer. The banquet was well attended by representatives of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association, who were here to attend the meetings of the Society. It was voted one of the most successful ever held by the Worcester County Horticultural Society. 32 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1923 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1923 PBBSIDENT DAVID L. FISKE, Grafton, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbury, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Woroeater, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. SECBETABT HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. LIBRAE IAN Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester TBEASUBEK BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Sumner F. Chamberlain Allen J. Jenkins WiUiam McAllister William E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Buckley Willis E. Gary Fred H. Chamberlain So Barre Auburn Lancaster Clinton Holden Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbvuy Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester Fred L. Chamberlain Clifford T. Eldridge Simon E. Fisher Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1923 Fred Midgley, 1923 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Allen J. Jenkins, 1924 Leonard C. Midgley, 1924 Harry I. RandaU, 1925 ON LIBBART AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange Charles Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Henry E. Kinney William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen William J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, David L. Fiske Benjamin C. Jacques Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson Allyne W. Hixon AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Op Flowers, Plants, etc.: Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Fruits, etc. Albert H. Lange, Chairman Leonard C. Midgley Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. MEDAL COMMITTEE President, David L. Fiske ON WINTER MEETINGS David L. Fiske, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall Herbert A. Cook Myron F. Converse SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1923 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester 1 GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variet}^ or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 5.30 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, 2 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1923 and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on smy ex- hibit competing for a premium. 12. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 14. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary. 15. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named- Indefinite appellations such as Pippin, " "Sweeting," ''Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 16. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 17. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 18. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids, 1923] RULES AND REGULATIONS 3 carnations and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 19. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. IS^^ The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the dis- charge of their duties. 20. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 21. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worth}^ exhibits not receiving a premium. 22. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 23. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 24. "Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 25. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FLOWERS.- Arrangement, Quahty of blooms. Number of varieties, Properh^ named, LILIES.— Size and color of bloom. Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, Arrangement, Properly named, 30 points 25 25 20 30 points 25 25 points 20 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY (1923 DISPLAYS.— Arrangement, Quality, Variety, COLLECTIONS.— Quality, Arrangement, Variety, Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of Books. 1898. WilUam Fames Fund. $500.00 Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Fred A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society do not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used in special premiums for Orchids or other choice Green House Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00. Income to be used in prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 40 points 30 30 40 30 30 FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1923 The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 13. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE EIGHTEEN BLOOMS: Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering DahHas, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties w^ritten on the entry cards, notice of which w^ll be taken by the judges in award- ing the premiums. 2. The judges shall not aw^ard prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that exhibitors w^ill take pains to correctly name their exhibits the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all EXHIBITIONS OF LILIES THE POLLEN MAY BE REMOVED. By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. Spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 15, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 16, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1. Twenty vases, S3. 00 2.50 2.00 CARNATIONS.— No. 2. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 8.00 6.00 4 00 ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Display in any form. Silver Medal AZALEA, IN BLOOM. — No. 4. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1 00 CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 5. Collection, potted plants, 5.00 3.00 2 00 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 6. Four plants, distinct in color, 3 00 2.00 1.00 50 No. 7. One plant. 1.50 1.00 50 HYACINTH, IN BLOOM.— No. 8. Six plants. 3 00 2.00 1.00 50 PRIMULA, IN BLOOM.— No. 9. Collection of potted plants. 5.00 3.00 2 00 ANTIRRHINUM.— No. 10. Vase of twenty spikes. 3 00 2.00 1.00 50 BASKET.— No. 11. 3.00 2.00 1 00 NARCISSUS.— No. 12. Twenty vases, five blooms in each. 3.00 2.00 1. 00 VIOLETS.- No. 13. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1. 00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 14. $100.00 may be used for prizes. Notify Secretary two days in advance. RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 15. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7 BEET.— No. 16. Twelve specimens, $2.00 1 50 1. 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 17. Red, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 18. Savoy, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 19. Any other variety named, 2. 00 1 50 1 00 . 50 PARSLEY. — No. 20. One-half peck, 1 50 1 00 . 50 CARROT.— No. 21. Twelve specimens. 2. 00 1 50 1 00 . 50 CELERY. — No. 22 Six specimens. 1 oU 1 1 uu . 50 LETTUCE.— No. 23. Six heads. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 MUSHROOM.— No. 24. Twelve specimens. 1 50 1 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 25. Hubbard, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 26. Any other variety, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 27. Yellow Swede, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 28. White Swede, 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 29. White Egg, 1 50 1 00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. No. 30. Any variety. 1 50 1 00 .50 APPLES.— No. 31. Display not to exceed five varieties. 5. 00 4.00 3 00 2 00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 32. Baldwin, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 33. Sutton, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 34. Northern Spy, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 35. Palmer, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 36. Roxbury Russet, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 37. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 17 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 38. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 39. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 40. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. — No. 41. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 42. Twenty vases, one flower with foUage in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, in bloom.— No. 43. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 44. For best table decoration, laid for eight covers, no restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 PLANT DISPLAY.— No. 45. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or b}^ whom. $50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CARNATIONS.— No. 46. One vase, fifty flowers, other green permissible, 5.00 3.00 DANDELION.— No. 47. One-half peck, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9 LETTUCE.— No. 48. Six heads, $2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 PARSNIP, TVS^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 49. Hollow Crown, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 50. Other varieties, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 51 . One-half peck, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 52. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 53. Linmtus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, Tw^o bunches, twelve SPECIMENS EACH. No. 54. Any variety, 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 55. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, June 14 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 56. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 57. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 BASKET.— No. 59. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, twenty-five vases. — No. 60. No dupHcates, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 61 . Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 IRIS, German. — No. 62. Ten vases, three trusses in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 RHODODENDRON.— No. 63. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 PEONIES.— No. 64. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGONIAS, IN BLOOM.— No. 65. Four eight-inch pots or pans, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 ROSES.— No. 66. Hybrid Perpetuals, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 67. Hybrid Tea, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 68. Twenty vases, one truss in each, ' 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 CHERRY, ONE QUART. No. 69. May Duke, 1.50 1.00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 70. Glen Mary, $2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 71. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 72. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 73. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars ma}^ be used in prizes. ASPARAGUS, TWO buxches, twelve specimens each.— No. 74. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 75. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 76. Half-peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TTS'ELVE stalks. — No. 77. Monarch, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 78. Victoria, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEET.— No. 79. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 80. Six heads, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEA, one-half peck. — No. 81 . Any variety named, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION.— No. 82. Two bunches, six each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 21 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 83. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 84. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 85. Collection of cut roses, 8 . 00 6 . 00 4 . 00 No. 86. Vase H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 87. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 88. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding twenty blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 89. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 PEONIES.— No. 90. Twenty vases, one flower in each, ' 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 91. Display of outdoor varieties 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 92. No restrictions as to arrangement Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 93. Twelve vases, three trusses in a vase, $3.00 2.50 2 00 1 00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 94. Vase of twelve spikes. 3.00 2 00 1 .00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four BERRIES. No. 95. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 96. Golden Gate, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 97. Barrymore, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 98. Meteor 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 99. Howard No. 17, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 100. Collection, not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 101. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 102. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 103. Elton, 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 No. 104. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 No. 105. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 No. 106. For varieties not scheduled. five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, ONE HALF PECK. No. 107. Gradus, 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 No. 108. Thomas Laxton, 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 109. Three specimens. 1 50 1 00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 110. Six heads. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 111. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 5 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 112. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 113. One vase, not more than twelve trusses, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 114. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 115. Twenty-five vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS — No. 116. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 STRAWBERRY.— No. 117. Best display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 118. Black Eagle, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 119. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 120. Montmorency, 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 121. Best display, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 122. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 123. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 124. Red Cross, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 125. Perfection, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 126. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 127. Versaillaise, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 128. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 129. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 15 CARROT.— No. 130. Two bunches, six in each, $1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, HALF PECK. No. 131. Wax, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 132. Green Pod, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 133. Admiral Dewey, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 134. Telephone, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 135. Varieties not scheduled, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 136. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 12 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 137. Twenty vases, S3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 138. One vase, 12 stalks, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 139. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vases, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund No. 140. Collection of Sweet Peas, 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 141. Table decoration Sweet Peas, laid for eight covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 6 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 142. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 143. Cuthbert, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Golden Queen, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 145. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one quart.— No. 146. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 147. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 17 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 148. Summer, $2,00 1,50 1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens. — No. 149. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 POTATO, twelve specimens. — No. 150. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAS.— No. 151. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 152. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 19 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 153. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 154. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 155. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 CHINA PINK.— No. 156. Twenty vases five clusters in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PETUNIA.— No. 157. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 158. Twelve vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 159. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 160. Any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 161. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 162. Early Harvest, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 163. Sweet, any variety named; 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CUCUMBER.— No. 164. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 19 TOMATO, TWEVLE SPECIMENS. No. 165. Any variety named, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS.- No. 166. Any variety, BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 167. Any variety named, LETTUCE.— No. 168. Twelve heads. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 2 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 169. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 150 1 . 00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 170. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 171. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 172. Twenty vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, (perennial). — No. 173. Twelve vases, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 174. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 175. Astrachan, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 176. Oldenburg, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 177. Yellow Transparent, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 178. Wachusett, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 179. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes, PEAR, twelve specimens. — No. 180. Giffard, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEACH, twelve specimens. — No. 181. Any variet}^, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE specimens. — No. 182. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 21 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 183. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 i\o. lo^. Any Oilier variety, 9 nn z . uu 1 ou i uu . ou CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 185. Not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 186. Summer, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 187. Hebron, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 188. Irish Cobbler, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 189. Rose, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 190. Varieties not scheduled. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Thursday, August 9 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 191. One vase, no restrictions as to arrangement, S3. 00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 192. Four vases, 6 spikes in each, distinct varieties, 4.00 3.00 2.00 ASTERS.— No. 193. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 194. Twenty vases, five sprays 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LILIES.— No. 195. Display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PHLOX, PERENNIAL. — No. 196. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 197. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 ZINNIA.— No. 198. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 199. Twenty-five vases, no dupli- cates, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 200. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 201 . Wilhams, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 202. Golden Sweet, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAR, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 203. Clapp's Favorite, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 23 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 204. Any variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 205. Goddard, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 206. Pole, any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 207. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 208. Crosby, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 209. Yellow, Sweet, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 210. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties) , 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TTV^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 21 1 . Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 16 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. GLADIOLUS.— No. 212. Collection, varieties not disseminated. Silver Medal No. 213. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, $5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 214. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 215. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3 .00 2.00 1.00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS.— No. 216. Not to exceed 40 square feet, Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. — No. 217. Vase of 20 blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 218. Single, twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 219. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — b No. 220. 10.00 8.00 7.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 221. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 222. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 19231 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25 APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. — No. 223. Varieties not scheduled, SI . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 224. Rostiezer, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 225. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 226. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 227. Carman, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 228. Any other variety, 1 50 1 00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 229. Bradshaw, 3.00 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 230. McLaughlin, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 231. Washington, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 232. Gen. Hand, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 233. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 234. Gueii, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 235. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 236. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 237. Shell, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 238. String, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 239. Any named variety, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 240. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 241. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. CORN, SWEET.— No. 242. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 243. Half -peck, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 244. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 6 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 245. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 246. Ten vases, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. BASKET.— No. 247. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 DAHLIA.— No. 248. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 249. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 POMPON. No. 250. Twenty vases, three sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. No. 251. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA.— No. 252. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 253. Twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 SCABIOSA.— No. 254. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 254A. Display no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No 255 Gravenstein, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 256. Maiden's Blush, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 257. Porter, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 258. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 259. Foundling, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 260. Holden or Fall Orange, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 261. Wealthy, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. — No. 263. Hyslop, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 264. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. Bartlett, 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 266. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars ma}^ be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 267. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 269. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 270. Elberta, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 271. Seedlings, • 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 272. Crawford (early) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 273. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. . PLUM, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 274. Golden Varieties, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 275. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 276. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 . 50 No. 277. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 278. Burbank, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 279. Moore's Arctic, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 280. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 281. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1923 PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 282. Squash, S2. 00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 283. Any other variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 284. Beauty, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BEAN, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 285. Dwarf Luna, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 286. Large Lima, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 287. Any named variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED (nAMEd), six SPECIMENS. No. 288. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 , 00 .50 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 289. Any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 EGG PLANT.— No. 290. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 291. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. TOMATOES.— No. 292. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance. Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 13 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 293. Twenty vases, $3 . 00 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 No. 294. Basket, 3 00 2 00 1 00 50 MARIGOLD.— No. 295. Display in vases. 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. DAHLIA.— No. 296. Fifty vases, one flower in each, 5.00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 No. 297. Single varieties, twenty vases. 3 00 2 00 1 00 APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 298. American Beauty or Sterling, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 299. Mother, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 300. Twenty-ounce, 1 50 1 00 50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 301. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 302. Urbaniste, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 303. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— No. 304. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 .00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 305. Satsuma, 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 306. Pond's Seedling, 1 50 1 00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 307. Green Mountain, 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 308. Moore's 1 50 1 00 50 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1923 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). No. 309. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMESN. No. 310. Warren, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 311. Golden Hubbard, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 312. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. IMU. OlO. JL 0. o/4. Clairgeau, i , oU i . . UU ten . ou 1> U . O i o. Dana's Hovey, 2.00 1. 50 1. on UU . OU No. 376. Langelier, 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 377. Lawrence, 3 .00 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 378. Winter Nelis, 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 379. Anjou, 4.00 3 .00 2.00 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 No. 380. Cornice, 3.00 2. 00 1. 00 .50 No. 381. Onondaga, 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 382. Bosc, 4.00 3 .00 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 383. Sheldon, 4.00 3. 00 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 384. For varieties not scheduled. ten dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 385. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 386. For any variety, six clusters, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TW'ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 387. Any variety, named, five dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 388. Chanjpion, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 389. Half peck, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 390. Three specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 391. Any named variety, 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 392. Giant Pascal, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 393. Easy Blanching, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 394. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 35 ENDIVE.— No. 395. Six specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 396. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 397. Red Globe, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 398. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 399. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 400. Hollow Crown, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 401. Any other variety. 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 402. Half peck, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 PUMPKIN, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 403. Sweet, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Nn 404 TwpIvp snpoimPTis 1 50 1 00 50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 405. Hubbard, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 406. Bay State, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 407. Blue Hubbard, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 408. Any other variety. 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 409. Purple Top Globe, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 410. White Egg. 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 411. White Swede, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 412. Yellow Swede, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 CORN.— No. 413. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat. 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 GRAINS.— No. 414. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. FIELD BEANS.— No. 415. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 8, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 9, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock Thursday. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 416. Ten blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, No. 417. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems. No. 418. Pompons, display in vases, No. 419. Single varieties, display in vases. No. 420. Six Specimen plants. No. 421. One Specimen plant. No. 422. Display of Anemonies, No. 423. Three vases, White, Pink, Yel- low. Twelve flowers in each, one variety in each vase, $8.00 .500 3.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 . 3.00 2.00 1.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 10.00 7.00 4.00 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS, covering 100 SQUARE FEET. No. 424. One hundred dollars may be used for prizes. Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, November 5. No. 425. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $40.00 may be used for prizes. No. 426. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no restrictions) 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 427. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibitors may elect, $30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 428. Fancy Basket of Apples S3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 429. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES WILLIAM EAMES FUND A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, $2 . 00 1 . 00 . 50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 5, 1923. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1923. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to caU your attention to the Library' and Reading Room, where the hbrarian is always ready to extend every faciUty possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE OX LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward ^V. Breed. Chairman ^Irs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Lucy ^I. Coulson, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library My Growing Garden, by Horace McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, by Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. Hambhn. Commercial Gardening, 4 Vols., by John Weathers. Parks. Their Design, Equipment and L'se, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, by A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by M. G. Kains. American Gardens, by Guy LoweU. The Book of The Peony, by ^Irs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, by H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. ]Meech. Trees, by William SolotarofT. Vegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, b}^ John J. Thomas. Soils, by Thomas L^-ttleton Lyon. Fertihzers, by John F. Voorhees. 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 Soil Fertility, by Alfred Vivian. The American Flower Garden, by Neltye Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. W. Meyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Garden, by W. P. Wright. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, by W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. Market Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage, Cauliflower and Alhed Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. M. Hexamer. Melon Culture, by James Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by W. B. Terry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushroom Growing, by B. M. Duggar. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, hy John Weathers. Old-Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raj^mond Unwin. The Liveable Garden, by Ruth Dean. Vegetable Forcing, by Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberry in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design, by Hub- bard & Kimball. The ^Mysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by C. F. Warren. Indian Corn Culture, by C. S. Plumb. Wheat Culture, by S. D. Curtis. The Book of Wheat, b}^ Peter Tracy Dondlinger. The Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferinc Dominguez. Modern Fruit Marketing, by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1923 How to Grow Vegetable, by Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by Schuyler Mathews. Tree Wounds and Diseases, by A. D. Webster. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lovell. * The Small Place, by Elsa Rehmann. Name this Flower, by Gaston Bonnier. Color in My Garden, by Louise Beck Wilder. The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey. The Apple, by Albert Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince von Puckler Muskau. Forestry in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. The Book of Rarer V egetables, by George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Arnott. Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, hy M. G. Kains. Backyard Garden, by Edward L. Farrington. Commercial Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose Annual, 1922. Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. The Romance of Our Trees, by Ernest H. Wilson. Plant Culture, by George W. Oliver. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, by Helen R. Albee. Wild Flowers of New York, by Homer D. House. Pages from a Garden Note-Book, by Mrs. Francis King. Conifers and Their Characteristics, by Coltman & Rogers. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by F. Schuyler. Gladiolus, by Matthew Crawford. Applied Entom.ology, by H. T. Fernald. The Amateur's Book of the Dahlias, by Mrs. Charles H. Stout. Gardening for Women, by Hon. Frances Wolseley. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard by E. Dwight Sanderson and Leonard Marion Peairs. Winter Sunshine, by John Burroughs. Wake-Robin, by John Burroughs. Locusts and Wild Honey, by John Burroughs. . Plant Breeding, Grafting and Budding, Fruit Improvement, Small Fruits, Gardening, Useful Plants, Flowers, Trees, Biography Index, by Luther Burbank. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 18 and Saturday, September 15, 1923 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Massachusetts THE DAVIS PRESS Saturday, August 18 Open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 1. Not to exceed fifteen vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 6. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 BEETS.— No. 7. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 8. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 9. Two quarts, .75 .50 .25 .25 POTATOES.— No. 10 Twelve specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 11. Six ears. 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 12. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 13. Six specimens. .75 .50 .25 .25 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 41 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 14. Not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .51 ASTERS.— No. 15. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 2i VERBENA.— No. 16. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 2i GLADIOLUS.— No. 17. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 . 2i BALSAM.— No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .2. DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 19. Not over 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .5( POTATOES.— No. 20. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .2\ BEETS.— No. 21 . Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .2. CARROTS.— No. 22. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .2i SHELL BEANS.— No. 23. Two quarts, 1.00 .75 .50 .2. SWEET CORN.— No. 24. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .2, TOMATOES.— No. 25. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .2, CUCUMBERS.— No. 26. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .2. SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 27. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 . 2i Saturday, September 15 For Children under 14 No. 28. Display of flowers, not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 .150 1.25 1.00 .50 CHINA PINKS.— No. 29 Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CALENDULA.— No. 30 Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIA.— No. 31. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 . 25 . 25 ASTERS.— No. 32. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 33. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 MARIGOLDS.— No. 34. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 35. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 36. Two quarts in pods. .75 .50 .25 .25 BEETS.— No. 37. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 38. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 39. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 40. Six specimens, . 75 . 50 .25 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 41. Three specimens, 1.00.75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 42. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .15 1923] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 years DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— ;Xo. 43. Not to exceed 15 vases, S2.50 .200 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 PETUNIAS.— No. 44. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CELOSIA.— No. 45. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— No. 46. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .26 PHLOX DRUMIMONDIL— No. 47. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— No. 48. One large vase. 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 49. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .25 POTATOES.— No. 50 Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 51 Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 52. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 53 SLx ears. 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 54. Six specimens, 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 CABBAGE.— No. 55. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 56. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— No. 57. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 46 WOKCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1923 SHELL BEANS.— No. 58. Two quarts in the pod, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ONION.— No. 59. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SPECIAL PRIZES OFFERED BY SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. S3.00. $2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1923 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition DahUa Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, March 15, 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, March 16, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 17, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 21, 3 to 9 p. m. July 12, 3 to 9 p. M. Saturday, August 18 and September 15 Thursday, August. 16, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 13, 3 to 9 p.m. Thursday, September 20, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 11, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, November 3, 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, November 4, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday after- noons, open to the public from 3 to 5.30 p. m. June 14, July 6, 19 ; August 2,9; September 6. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Edward W. Breed H. Ward Moore Allen J. Jenkins William J. Wheeler Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Edward Warren Lucy M. Coulson Herbert A. Cook Leonard C. Midgley Sumner F. Chamberlain President, David L. Fiske Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney \ \ \ > Horticultural Building — 18 Front Street TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the year ending December 3, 1924 PRESIDENTS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ♦John Green 1840-1844 ♦Isaac Davis 1844-1848 ♦John Milton Earle 1848-1851 ♦Stephen Salisbury 2nd 1851-1857 ♦Daniel Waldo Lincoln 1857-1860 ♦Alexander H. Bullock 1860-1863 ♦George Jaques 1863-1864 ♦J. Henry Hill 1864-1867 ♦Francis H. Dewey 1867-1871 ♦George Richardson 1871-1872 ♦George E. Francis 1872-1874 ♦Obadiah B. Hadwen 1875-1876 ♦William T. Merrifield 1876-1879 ♦Stephen Salisbury 3rd 1879-1880 ♦Francis H. Dewey 1881-1888 ♦Henry L. Parker 1888-1895 ♦Obadiah B. Hadwen 1895-1907 ♦George Calvin Rice 1908-1909 Edward W. Breed 1910-1915 ♦Arthur E. Hartshorn 1916-1917 Charles Greenwood 1918-1919 Leonard C. Midgley 1920-1921 David L. Fiske 1922-1923 Myron F. Converse 1924-1925 ♦Deceased OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1924 PRESIDEXT MYRON F. CONVERSE. Worcester. Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbury, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT. No. Grafton. Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street LIBRARIAN Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen WilUam Anderson Edward W. Breed Sumner F. Chamberlain David L. Fiske Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister William E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Buckley Wilhs E. Gary Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Holden Grafton Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain Chfford T. Eldridge Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harry L Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck WilUam J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Leonard C. Midgley. 1924 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1926 Allen J. Jenkins. 1924 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Harry L Randall, 1925 Willis E. Gary, 1926 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith WilUam Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook Charles Greenwood Henry E. Kinney Herbert R. Kinney Albert H. Lange Allen J. Jenkins WilUam Anderson Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Hermann F. A. Lange Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, Myron F. Converse Harrj' C. Midgley Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson -Allyne W. Hixon AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: Allyne W. Hixon. Worcester, Mass. Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. Albert H. Lange, Chairman MEDAL COMMITTEE President, Myron F. Converse ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Leonard C. Midgley Burt W. Greenwood S. Lothrop Davenport H. Ward Moore Herbert A. Cook CONTENTS PAGE President's Address ....... 5 Annual Reports Secretary's ....... 7 Treasurer's ....... 24 Librarian's ....... 26 Finance Committee ...... 28 Chairman of Committee on Arrangement and Exhibitions . 29 Judge of Flowers, Plants, etc. ..... 31 Judge of Fruit ....... 32 Judge of Vegetables ...... 33 Medal Committee ....... 34 Candidates for the Year 1925 ...... 35 Winter Meetings ....... 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year Ending December 3, 1924 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The work of the past year has been conducted under new and interesting conditions due to the change of location from our Front Street property to the site known as Elmcrest situated at the corner of Elm and Chesnut Streets. This society is the fortunate possessor of two valuable parcels of real estate. The Front Street property producing income, while Elmcrest is intended for a home-site. The present building serves well as temporary quarters. The year has been one of encourage- ment. The series of winter meetings, which, for many years, have been the source of inspiration to people interested in the various lines of horticulture, were conducted during the winter months. The Annual Reunion in March concluded the season's work of the Committee on Winter Meetings. The exhibitions of flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables were conducted on the schedule arranged before the change of location was decided upon, but nevertheless, they nimiber among the most successful held by this Society in recent years, and the interest shown on the part of the exhibitors and the public has been most gratifying. The library continues to enjoy the patronage which it richly deserves under the able direction of Miss Coulson, the librarian, assisted by the members of the Library Committee. We hope that in the future, with added facilities, the library will enjoy even greater prestige in its field of activity. Among the members active in the work of this Society we have long numbered Miss Frances Clary Morse. As additional evi- dence of her interest you will be pleased to learn through the 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY treasurer, ^Mr. Greenwood, that she tenders at this meeting the sum of five hundred dollars to estabhsh a fund bearing her name. The fund is to be a peiTnanent one — the income to be expended in premiums for flowers. Union Agricultural ^leetings of the State have been held in Worcester during the year and for the success of these occasions much credit is due ^Ir. Kinney, our secretary, and other members of this Society. Cordial relations exist between this and other kindred organizations with results — not only pleasing — but bene- ficial to the interests which we seek to foster. The officers, trustees, judges, committee-members and people employed in the Society's work have displayed dehghtful loyalty, dihgence and interest in the doing of their several tasks, and thus with the wholehearted co-operation of all departments, the work of an eventful year has been brought to a successful conclusion. Respectfully submitted, Myrox F. Converse, President. December 3, 1924. SECRETARY'S REPORT To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The past year has been one long to be remembered by the Society. Our Winter Meetings started on January 24. One of the reasons for the late start was that the Union Meetings held under the auspices of the Commission of Agriculture were held in Worcester the week before for four days in Horticultural and Washburn Halls. Our program consisted of six lectures, five of which were illus- trated. They were along more practical lines than usual and the attendance was good. The first one on January 24, by Mr. Herbert W. Gleason, ''Lafayette National Park and the Gardens of Mt. Desert, " while of the popular type was very interesting and instructive and was thoroughly enjoyed by the large audience. January 31, an illustrated lecture on ''Lilies; Culture, Varieties and Propagation," by Mr. A. B. Stout, New York Botanical Gar- dens, was very satisfactory. The slides were nice and the lecture was both interesting and practical. February 7, lecture, "Roses; Culture and Propagation," by Eber Holmes of Halifax, Mass. This was a practical lecture by a rose grower and those attending got many good suggestions which they seemed to appreciate. February 14, illustrated lecture, "Forestry," by Prof. Terry, of the Massachusetts Forestry Association. This lecture was illustrated by three reels of motion picture, which showed the planting of the trees, care of forests, cutting the logs, sawing lum- ber and the manufacturing of boxes. There were some pictures showing fire losses. February 21, illustrated lecture on "Grapes," by Prof. F. E. Gladwin, Fredonia, New York. This took up the growing of grapes as practiced in western New York and eastern Ohio which comprises the largest grape growing section in the eastern part of the country. The illustrations were good and the lecture covered the practical points in producing the crops February 28, illustrated lecture, "How to Grow Flowers from Frost to Frost," by E. I. Farrington, Boston, Massachusetts, secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Mr. Farrington handled the subject in his usual practical and interesting way, bringing out interesting and instructive points both with the pictures and the lecture. This was our last lecture. The annual reunion was held March 6. This added one more to our long list of these social gatherings and was certainly enjoj'-ed. This was the last of these gatherings to be held in our old banquet hall. Prof. E. H. Wilson was the speaker. Our spring show and May exhibition were held under very much the same condition as formerly, but our June exhibition was held at Elm and Chestnut Streets. The conditions here were entirely different than those we had occupied as long as most of our present exhibitors could remember. We were farther from the street car and the grade from Main and Pleasant Streets was such that some of our exhibitors felt sure that they would find it hard to make. The exhibition space was not nearly so large as that of Horticul- tural Hall and was in two small halls. While some of our members could see possibilities of making attractive exhibitions here it did not seem as though it would be possible to accommodate our larger exhibitions as scheduled. The season is over and while some exhibits had to be crowded and at times there was hardly room enough for those who attended, there seemed to be a very general feeling that our exhibitions in the new quarters had been attractive and quite satisfactory as a whole. It was very gratifying during these exhibitions to see how pleased both our exhibitors and those attending the exhibitions were with our new home. Many times we heard the remarks of how much more homelike it was here and how much more attrac- tive it was possible to get things arranged in the smaller halls than in one large one. Many of our older members found it much easier to get into our exhibits than it was at present on Front Street, this was partic- ularly so with those coming by automobile. During the warm evenings the porch on Chestnut Street was much enjoyed by those who wished to visit. There was one feature that was very often called to my attention and I am glad to speak of it now as it should be considered when a new Horticultural Hall is built. This is in regard to a balcony. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 9 During our exhibitions people spoke about how much they ap- preciated the balcony in our old hall. How they had enjoyed going up there where they could be quiet and get the best possible view of the exhibitions and how they missed it at our present quarters. The reason that it is necessary to consider this particularly is that balconies are not fashionable and architects that I have talked with, do not consider them desirable and some effort will perhaps be necessary to get one as satisfactory as ours was at our old home. One of the essentials of our exhibitions is the meeting of friends and if they can be comfortable they can not only better enjoy the present exhibition but can consider it in comparison with others that they have enjoyed before. Those of you who attend the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Exhibitions providing you have, as I do, many acquaint- ances that you meet there know how you would like to go up into a balcony where you could enjoy the exhibition and have a quiet time to talk and rest, then you would be ready to go and study some features you were too tired to look at before. I am speaking of this at this time because I see no reason why the Society should not spend seventy-five years on this site and while I hope all present will live to see the new building it is much more essential that the building be built for a Horticultural Building when built, than when it is built. Deceased Members Mr. Frederic L. Goes Miss Clara Willis Mr. Frederick S. Pratt Mrs. Emily A. Tolman Mr. Charles H, Warren Mr. J. Fred Wilson Mr. Louis H. Buckley Mrs. Rebecca K. Francis Mrs. Emma N. Gates Mr. Thomas B. Cowan Mrs. Emmagene Metcalf New Members Mr. Richard A. Flagg Mr. Edward A. Hackett Mr. Peter Robb Mr. Arthur W. Macomber Mr. Dwight S. Pierce Hon. Michael J. O'Hara Mr. Francis H. Dewey Mr. Thomas L. Nelson Mrs. Florence G. Herrick Mr. Laurence H. Cross Mr. Harrison G. Taylor Mr. Albert H. Inman Mr. Albert B. Kimball Mr. William B. Midgley Mr. Pehr G. Holmes Mr. Horace L. Walton Mr. Harry R. Sinclair Mr. George W. Freeman Mr. Harry Harrison Mr. Bertice F. Sawyer Mr. G. Norman Falser Respectfully submitted, Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1923 Annual meeting of the Society. Meeting was called to order by president David L. Fiske at 10.20 a. m. The call for the meeting was read by the secretary. Secretary read the report of the last annual meeting. The report was approved. Annual reports read : Secretary's, Herbert R. Kinney. Librarian's, Lucy M. Coulson. Treasurer's, Burt W. Greenwood. Auditor's, Burt W. Greenwood. Finance Committee, Myron F. Converse. Arrangements and Exhibitions, Albert H. Lange. Judge of Flowers, A. W. Hixon (Miss Coulson). Judge of Fruit, Herbert A. Cook. Judge of V egetables, H. Ward Moore. These reports were accepted and referred to the conmiittee on publication. Medal Committee, Albert H. Lange. Owing to a difference of opinion this report was not accepted. Mr. Edward W. Breed made a motion that a new report be sub- mitted. So voted. Nominations by the nominating committee by Fred Midgley, chairman. The report was accepted. Moved by Mr. ElHott Moore that the chairman of the nominat- ing committee cast one ballot for the candidates as nominated. Mr. Midgley said that he wanted every one present to have a chance to cast a ballot for Myron F. Converse for president. Mr. Albert H. Lange made a nominating speech for Mr. Con- verse and seconded Mr. Midgley's motion, that we proceed to ballot for president. So voted. President appointed Messrs. Leonard C. Midgley, S. Lothrop Davenport and Albert H. Lange, tellers. Whole number of votes cast, 32. Myron F. Converse, 32. Chairman Fiske declared him elected. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 11 ]\Ir. Converse thanked the Society for this expression of con- fidence in him. Mr. H. Ward !Moore made a motion that the secretary cast a yea ballot for the rest of the candidates nominated. So voted. The secretary cast the ballot and the chairman declared them elected. Treasurer Greenwood said that the committee of arrangements had seen fit to use some of the proceeds of the Hadwen Fund for premiiuns rather than medals and he made a motion that the Society sanction their act. So voted. ]\Ir. Leonard C. ]\Iidgley made a motion that S5500 be appro- priated for the ensuing year. ^Mr. Lange made an amendment that the amount be S6000. Treasurer Greenwood favored economy and said that we did not use up the whole of the S5000, appropriated last year. 3Jr. Lange withdrew his amendment and seconded Mr, Midgley's motion. This was carried unanimously. President Fiske read his retirement address. ^Ir. Edward W. Breed spoke of the satisfactory and pleasant way the retiring president had conducted the office for the past two years and made a motion that the Society give the retiring president a unanimous vote of thanks for his efficient service as president. So voted. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1923 ^Meeting of the finance and ad\'isory committee. Present: ^lessrs. Converse, Estabrook, L. ]\Iidgley, F. ^vlidgley, Greenwood, Cary, Breed, Fiske, Cook and Kinney. President Converse said that at our last meeting the committee had voted to authorize him to confer with the Woolworth people on a basis of 824,000 for the remaining two years of their lease and 840,000 a year for ten years. In a conference with Mr. Hollis of the Woolworth Co., Mr. HolHs had suggested 820,000 for the remainder of the lease. Five years at 830,000, five years at 835,000, and five at 840,000. President Converse said that he did not believe in putting up a proposition and then haggling over it. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY President Converse then offered the following schedule 820,000 for the remaining two years of their lease, then 835,000, 836,000, 837,000, 838,000 and 839,000 for the next five years. Five years at 840,000 per year. That the tax increase be on a fifty-fifty basis. Mr. Estabrook said that the proposition met his approval with the possible exception of the taxes. After quite general discussion, Mr. Greenwood made a motion, that the schedule offered by President Converse be adopted. This was seconded by Mr. Breed. So voted. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1923 Annual meeting of the trustees. Meeting called to order at 2.15 p. m. by President Converse. Nineteen members present. Secretary read the re\'ised report of the medal committee. This was accepted and referred to the committee on pubHcation. The report of the last annual meeting of the trustees was read and approved. The secretary read the committees to be chosen. President Converse said that so far as he knew there were but few changes considered. Owing to the serious illness of ^Ir. William J. WTieeler it was proposed to substitute Hermann F. A. Lange on the committee of arrangements. Mr. Harry C. ^lidgley to take ^Ir. Benjamin C. Jaques' place on the auditing committee. President Converse to take ]Mr. Fiske's place on medal com- mittee. Winter meetings committee to consist of Messrs. Leonard C. Midgley, S. Lothrop Davenport, H. Ward ^loore, President Converse, Treasurer Greenwood and Secretary Kinney. Mr. David L. Fiske made a motion that the old committee with the alterations suggested be elected. Seconded by Mr. Leonard C. Midgley. So voted. President Converse appointed ^Messrs. Edward W. Breed, Leonard C. Midgley and Herbert W^. Estabrook to prepare a Ust of appropriations. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 13 While the committee was out the secretary said: "At a meeting of the trustees held March 12, 1912 it was voted to use the income from the Hadwen Fund for medals. Medals not to cost more than $15.00." Medals are now costing more and most of our exhibitors seem to prefer money prizes. Treasurer Greenwood made a motion that the income from the Hadwen Fund be used for premiums, prizes or medals. So voted. The committee on appropriation reported. Flowers, $1500, fruit $1000, vegetables $750. Children's exhibitions $250 with the suggestion that some of it be used for wild flowers. Judges, $225; secretary $600; librarian, $900; treasurer, $200. This made a total of $5,425 out of an appropriation of $5,500. Motion by Mr. David L. Fiske that the $75 be added to the vegetable appropriation. President Converse said he thought the treasurer should have the same raise in salary as the other officers. Mr. Fred Midgley favored Mr. Fiske's motion. Mr. H. Ward Moore said that considerable of the vegetable money was not used last year. Treasurer Greenwood said that the Blake Fund income was steadily increasing and could be used for choice greenhouse flowers or plants. President Converse asked the committee to retire again and revise their appropriations along the lines suggested, bearing in mind that some money from the Blake Fund could be used for flowers. The committee reported: flowers, $1,300; fruit, $1,000; vege- tables, $900; children's exhibition, $250; secretary $600; Ubrarian, $900 ; treasurer, $250 ; judges, $225. Mr. Fiske moved that the report be accepted and adopted. So voted. Treasurer Greenwood said that it did not seem necessary to make appropriations at this time for our other expenses, but that it had been customary. He favored economy until our finances were in better condition and proposed the same appropriations as last year. Winter meeting, $500; pubHcations, $400; periodicals, $100. So voted. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Committee on winter meetings meets December 12 and 15 and on January 3 arranging the course of lectures which mil be found in these transactions. THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1924 Finance Committee. Present were : Messrs. Converse, Midgley, Greenwood, Breed and Kinney. President Converse said that Mr. HolHs was here to see if the Society could not make some arrangements so that they could have more room. Mr. Hollis said: ''We have not room enough. We need a room for the girls and more selling space. We should like the whole building. The second floor any way. After going upstairs and looking at the possibilities there, President Converse said that he had anticipated their wanting more room and had thought perhaps the Society might let the whole building, and build another, perhaps on Federal Street where there was some open land near the center of the city. He had thought of a two story building, with stores on the ground floor and a hall for our own use above. President Converse invited the committee to inspect the new home of the Worcester Mutual Fire Insurance Co. on Elm Street. After going through this building there was a feeling that perhaps a new building would be a good thing for the Horticultural Society. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1924 Meeting of the finance and advisory committee. Present were Messrs. Converse, Breed, Greenwood, L. Midgely, F. Midgley, Sherer, Cary and Kinney. President Converse said that this meeting was called to consider the advisabihty of leasing the whole building and also to see what the committee thought about building a new building. He spoke of the Federal Street location. He thought that it was the best open lot in the center of the city. The suggestion was a two story building. Some of the committee thought we should stay at the same old stand. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 15 There was a very general sentiment in favor of a Horticultural Building where we could have some lawn and shrubbery, but this seemed to be rather too expensive for the present. The Federal Street building was considered a business invest- ment. After a very general discussion in which every one took part, President Converse invited the committee to inspect the Worcester Mutual Fire Insurance building on Elm Street. There was no motion made at this meeting. SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1924 Meeting of the finance and advisory committee. Present were Messrs. Gary, Davenport, L. Midgley, F. Midgley, Cook, Estabrook, Lange, President Converse and Secretary Kinney. President Converse called the meeting to order and said there was probably no doubt but what the Woolworth Company would renew their present lease at $24,000 for two years, $35,000, $36,000, $37,000, 838,000 and $39,000, for the next five years and $40,000 for five years. They would much rather take a net rental lease for the whole building and would pay a bonus of $50,000, when the lease was signed. $35,000 per year for ten years; $40,000 per year for ten years and $45,000 per year for five years. This he considered the more desirable as it would give the Society a chance to have a modern building where there was less congestion, and should give us, in the near future, nearly as much for the uses of the Society as though we stayed in our old quarters. ]\Ir. Estabrook thought this an opportime time to change. That we would have better conditions in a new building. Mr. Cook favored the change. Mr. Fred IMidgley had thought of a home for the Society where we should not expect much rent from the property. Mr. Lange said that stores in the proposed building on Federal Street should rent readily . Mr. Estabrook made a motion that it was the sense of the meeting that we take up the option on the Federal Street property and ratify the lease of the present property of the Society to the Woolworth Company. 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Seconded by Mr. Lange. Unanimous vote. President called a meeting of the Trustees for Tuesday, March 11, 1924 at 10.30 a.m. SPECIAL MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES HELD MARCH 11, 1924 Trustees were called to order at 10.30 a. m. by President Con- verse. President Converse said that the trustees had on June 15, 1922 appointed a committee from their members to act with the finance committee and officers of the Society, to consider repairs on our building and the executing of a new lease; that quite a number of meetings had been held, and the subject given serious considera- tion. At a meeting of the committee held Saturday afternoon, March 8, 1924, they voted unanimously to recommend to the Trustees that we lease the present property to the Woolworth Company and purchase another site for a new building. This was decided upon after considering two offers from the Woolworth Company. First, for the renewal of their present lease at a rental of $24,000 per year for two years, and $35,000, $36,000, $37,000, $38,000 and $39,000 for the next five years, and $40,000 per year for five years. Second, the following net rental offer for the whole of our present property; a bonus of $50,000 when the lease was signed, $35,000 per year for ten years, $40,000 per year for ten years, and $45,000 per year for five years. A site situated on the southerly side of Federal Street was sug- gested at a cost of about $170,000. There was more land than we would need, which could probably be sold to good advantage. The new building would probably cost $300,000. Mr. Fiske thought it would be much quieter than our present quarters. Treasurer Greenwood said that our present building was in very poor condition and that the repairs would be expensive. He thought the Federal Street property, or some other centrally located property would increase in value and it was an excellent opportunity for the Society to make a change. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 17 Vice-president Lange asked if the trustess had the authority to put this matter across. President Converse said that this meeting had power to act in these matters. Mr. Jenkins thought that a new home would give the Society a newUfe. Mr. B. W. Greenwood made a motion that the secretary at the call of the finance committee call a meeting of the Society. So voted. Present were Messrs. Edward W. Breed, Sumner F. Chamber- lain, David L. Fiske, Allen J. Jenkins, William McAllister, William Morey, Willis E. Cary, Fred L. Chamberlain, Charles Greenwood, Allyn W. Hixon, Fred Midgley, H. Ward Moore, Harry I. Randall, George F. E. Story, Myron F. Converse, Herbert W. Estabrook, Leonard C. Midgley, Burt W. Greenwood, Herbert A. Cook, Albert H. Lange, S. Lothrop Davenport, Herbert R. Kinney, Mrs. AUce M. Forbes and Miss Lucy M. Coulson. Worcester County Horticultural Society Worcester, Mass. A special meeting of the Worcester County Horticultural Society will be held in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street, Wor- cester, Mass., on Tuesday, April 8, 1924, at 10.00 o'clock a. m. to take action upon the following matters. First. To see if the Society will vote to lease its premises, or any part thereof, on Front Street and take all necessary action concerning the matter. Second. To see if the Society will vote to purchase land and to erect a building thereon and provide for payment thereof by mortgage or otherwise; and to take and to authorize the taking of all necessary action concerning the matter. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary. Worcester, Mass., April 1, 1924. SPECIAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY TUESDAY, APRIL 8, 1924 The meeting was called to order at 10.00 a. m. by President Converse. Forty were present. The secretary read the call for the meeting. 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY President Converse took up the first proposition, to see if the Society will vote to lease its premises, or any part thereof, on Front Street, and to take all necessary action concerning the matter. He spoke at length on the work done by the finance and ad\isory committees and of the action taken by the trustees. He said that the final offer of the Woolworth Company that had seemed very attractive was a net rental of 835,000 per year for ten years, $40,000 for ten years and 845,000 for five years. They would also give a bonus of 850.000 when the lease was signed. When we consider that the}' hold a lease for two years longer at the nominal s\xm of 812,000 per year which would be cancelled when the new lease was signed. He said that the future housing of the Society is quite a serious proposition and that the committee had considered it from various angles. The result of such deliberations was a recommendation for the purchase of some suitably located site and set forth ad- vantages to be gained by the purchase of a lot on Federal Street. Mr. E. W. Breed made a motion that the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, acting for and in behalf of said Society, be authorized to lease the entire premises owned by said Society at 16-18-20 Front Street in the City of Worcester, to such lessee and upon such terms and conditions as shall be determined b}- the finance committee of said Society. Motion seconded by H. W. ^loore. Mr. Fred ^lidgley asked what we were to do for temporary quarters. President Converse said that such details would be arranged by the finance committee. Mr. Fred Midgley hardly Hked the Federal Street proposition; there were too many garages and the back yards of a hotel were not always attractive. Mr. Albert H. Lange said the property on Federal Street was too valuable to stay very long in its present condition. Mr. Tyson did not hke the idea of the Society taking on such an expensive proposition. He would Hke to have them stay in the old building. Mr. E. W. Breed thought we all had an attachment to the old place and at first he did not like the idea of leaving it, but the more WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 19 he thought about it, the more desirable a change seemed to be. A new building would be an inspiration to the Society. Mr. Ernest Adshead said the Society was more then eighty years old now and there was no reason why its influence should not continue to develop. He thought a new building within two miles of the center of the city on an acre or two of land should make an ideal home. The question of the leasing of our present property called. For 39, against 2, on raise of hand. President declared the motion carried. The motion was made by Mr. George F. E. Story that the treasurer cancel our present lease with the Wool worth Company on the signing of the new lease. Seconded by Mr. Moore. Unani- mously carried. Mr. John H. Howe thought our present property was more valuable now for business than for our use and was glad the Society was considering a new location. He moved that the finance committee be authorized to secure temporary quarters and it was so voted. Mr. Albert H. Lange made a motion that the finance committee of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, acting for and in behalf of said Society, be authorized to purchase land in the City of Worcester and cause to be erected thereon a building to be used for the purposes of said Society and for rental; said committee to have full power and discretion to determine all matters concerning the location and price of such land and the cost and architecture of said building, and be further authorized to do and to procure the doing of all things necessary in providing for the erection and equipment of said building finished and ready for occupancy by the Society and for rental, including the procuring of plans, the making of contracts and providing for payment of said land and for the erection and equipment of said building by a mortgage upon any or all of the property of said Society, or in such other way and manner as may be deemed advisable by said committee, and that the treasurer of said Society be authorized to execute and deliver in behalf of said Society, such instruments as may be necessary to fully carry out and complete the aforesaid matters. Seconded by Mr. George D. Hartley. 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTTRAL SOCIETY Mr. Tyson did not like lea\dng the whole building proposition ^-ith three men. He thought the Society should have something to say about things. ^Ir. Fred ^lidgley thought the finance committee should make reports of progress to the Society- or trustees. ]Mr. Burt W. Greenwood expressed his confidence in the presi- dent, (this was warmly applauded), and in the committee. He thought the committee should have the power as matters were alwaj's coming up which needed quick decision. Question. The vote was unanimous in favor of the question. President Converse asked for an expression of opinion on the Federal Street lot. For 32, against 4. The following members were present : Myrox F. Cox^rERSE Leoxaud C. Midgley Herbert W. Estabrook Ch.\rle3 Greexi^'ood Burt W. Greex"wood George H. Hot^t: JoHX R. Howe Edw.^rd ^Y. Breed Albert H. Laxge Herm-\xx F. a. L-\xge Erxest Adshe-\d Allex B. Miller Plix-xy Bassett Fred Midgley W.ALTER A. Rice Addisox L. Bemis Dr. Samuel B. Woodward Aloxzo F. Hoyle Herbert H. Cook Samuel H. Tysox SUMXER F. CHA^klBERLAIX Joseph A. Allex Allyxe W. Hixox S. LoTHROP Da^-export George D. Hartley Bexjamix C. Jaques Russell Paixe George J. Dudley Erxest Bissox Willis E. Gary George F. E. Story Horace L. W.altox Robert F. Kixtsey Herbert R. Kix^xey Mrs. M.able K. Gage Mrs. Percy M. Forbes Mrs. Lura L S.argext Mrs Axxie W. Hartshorn Mrs. Hubert L. White Mrs. Harriet B. Axdrews Mrs. Herbert R. Kixxey Miss Catherix'e M. Bext Miss Lucy M. Coulsox Miss Mary M. Coulson W EDNESDAY, APRIL 9, 1924 ^Meeting of the finance committee in ]\Ir.Estabrook's office 1p.m. Present were Messrs. Converse, Estabrook, ]\Hdgley, B. W. Greenwood, and Kinney. The conamittee was called together by the president to see some sketches and consider some estimates of costs on the proposed building for Federal Street and on the lot at 15 Ehn Street. The}' were prepared by ]\Ir. Leland. He explained the sketches and his estimates on the cost of the buildings and what might be expected from rents. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 21 It was estimated that the Federal Street property with proper buildings would represent an investment of at least $500,000. If the stores were all well rented and a fair return from the halls the net expense would be about $15,000 per year. This would rep- resent the Society's rent. The Elm street property would not cost so much but the rentals would be much less. The Society's rental would be about the same. After very general discussion of the Federal Street property it was unanimously voted to let the option on this property lapse. The property at the corner of Elm and Chestnut Streets known as Elmcrest was considered a desirable piece of property. APRIL il, 1924 Worcester Five Cent Savings Bank. President Converse invited Messrs. Midgley and Kinney to meet Mr. Gifford who had been looking over the building at 57 Foster Street. This building extends between Commercial and Mercantile streets and is four stories high. He said that the whole inside would have to be taken out and the walls reinforced and then he did not think it would be what we needed. The Elm street property was again considered. It was esti- mated that a Society building could be built on this lot and that the Society's rent should not be much higher than on the other site we had considered. It was also thought that the Society could use the building without much expense for a time. APRIL 14, 1924 Meeting of the finance committee. After considering the locations that the committee had looked over, which included the Federal Street lot, the building at 15 Elm Street, the Stevens lot, on the northwest corner of Elm and Chest- nut Streets, the Wheeler property on the southeast corner of Elm and Chestnut Streets, the building at 57 Foster Street and Elm- crest on the northwest corner of Elm and Chestnut Streets, the committee decided, everything considered, Elmcrest was the best buy. 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY President Converse was instructed to purchase the Ebncrest property for the Society. The asking price was $90,000. He was instructed to make the best terms possible. TUESDAY, JULY 8, 1924 Regular Meeting of the Trustees, Assembly Hall, Chestnut Street. President Converse said that since the last meeting of the Trus- tees, the Society had leased its Building on Front Street and had purchased this property where we are now assembled. That the Finance Committee had given the matter of changing the home of the Society careful consideration, and hoped that the decision would meet the approval of the Trustees. This property is twice the size of our Front Street property. There are streets on two sides of this property and a driveway on one. Our debt on this property is at present only $37,000.00. Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage thought that the change was a very desirable one and that the site would make an ideal home for the Society. Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall said she was very much pleased with the new location. Mr. Fred Midgley considered it the best location for the Society in the city. Mr. Charles Greenwood wanted to express his great satisfaction at the way our President had handled the whole transfering of the Society's Home. He had thought that the Federal Street property would have been a good buy, but would not have been anything like as pleasant a location for the Society as we now have. He had enjoyed the exhibitions held here better than those in the old Hall. He would like to see a new building but thought at the present cost of construction it would be well to wait, while we could be comfortable in our present building. Mr. Edward W. Breed made a motion that the Trustees endorse and approve the acts of the Finance Committee in the renting of the Front Street property and the purchase of our present Home at Elm and Chestnut Streets. Unanimous vote. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY -23 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1924 Sherer's Restaurant. Finance Committee guests of Mr. Estabrook. Present: Messrs. Converse, Midgley, Estabrook, B. Greenwood and Kinney. The important matter considered was whether we should con- tinue to give affihated societies free or normal rent. The consensus of opinion was that we should do so for the present. It was decided to recommend a meeting of the Committee on arrangements and Exhibitions before the Annual Meeting. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1924 Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Chairman Lange spoke of the needs of the flower and plant department of our exhibition. He thought that an additional SIOOO.OO could be used in this department and that the Society should buy some new vases. Mr. Cook spoke for the fruit department and said that it would be well to have a little more money for collections and displays. Mr. Moore said that he had not used all of the vegetable appro- priation this year. President Converse said that we had new conditions and that our income was much larger than it had been and he felt sure that the Finance Committee would Uke to improve our exhibitions, but with the taking of this property and the necessity of building a new building in the near future we did not want to be wasteful. Secretary spoke in favor of a sum that was not appropriated that could be used for prizes. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary. TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 2, 1924 Statement of Income and Expenditures INCOME Store rent Hall rent Rents (rooms) Interest Permanent funds : Blake Fund $166.80 Dewey Fund 53 . 00 Eames Fund 27 . 50 Hadwen Fund 33 . 00 Membership fees : 20 men 100.00 1 woman 3 . 00 Water reimbursement Winter meetings : Sale of tickets Gifts for prizes : Mabel K.Gage 20.00 H.R.Kinney 44.50 Frances C. Morse 28 . 00 $23,799.96 3,860.00 1,875.00 543.48 Bonus for lease Right of way Mortgage assumed (Elm St.) Furnishings (sale of chairs) Apportionment of Elm St. taxes Returned premiums on cancelled insurance Note Interest earned on permanet funds Other income Total Cash balance, Dec. 6, 1923 280.30 '103.00 166.55 246.00 92.50 50,000.00 500.00 35,000.00 129.00 61.89 655 . 39 50,000.00 229.46 22.00 $167,564.53 2,235.95 $169,800.48 EXPENDITURES Library : Book account $53 . 00 Winter meetings 796 . 77 Pubhcations 207 . 00 Periodicals 79 . 25 Premiums, 1924 2,954 . 75 Children's exhibitions 167 . 70 Special prizes : Blake Prizes and Medals 166.80 Eames Prizes 27 . 50 Hadwen Fund Gage Fund Kinney Fund Morse Fund 33.00 20.00 44.50 28.00 Expense of exhibits Salaries Judges * 319.80 127.45 4,705.72 1,750.00 225.00 Interest Insurance and taxes Maint. real estate Maint. furnishings Light, heat, water Janitor service Janitor's expense Office expense Library expense Misc. expense Furnishings Income added to investments Payment on mortgage (Elm St.) Real estate Payment of note Int. added to permanent fund income accounts Total Cash balance, Dec. 2, 1924 Dep. in Wor. Bank & Tr. Co. 1,975.00 1,683.62 598.52 426.62 103.00 1,553.15 1,797.35 184.48 160.03 4.45 315.11 85.00 227.66 25,000.00 80,000.00 50,000.00 229.46 $169,049.17 751.31 $169,800.48 Statement of Gain and Losses GAINS LOSSES Membership fees $103.00 Appropriations $6,425.00 I nexpended balances of appropriations: Interest 1,140.14 Children's exhibits 82 30 Special premiums and medals 319.80 Premiums 245 25 Light, heat, water 1,386.60 Periodicals 20 75 Expense of exhibitions 127.45 r UDiicaiioiib no 541 30 Janitor service 1,797.35 Janitor's expense 184.48 Income from perm, funds 280 . 30 Office expense 160 03 Hall rent 3,860.00 Misc. expense 315.11 Store rent 23,799.96 Maint. real estate Rents (rooms) 1,875.00 IMaint. furnishings 103.00 Gifts 92.50 Library expense 4.45 Bonus for lease 50,000.00 Winter meetings 50.77 Insurance and taxes 118.76 Depreciation 956.00 Other income 22.00 $13,396.80 Net gain to surplus 67,296.02 $80,692.82 $80,692.82 Statement of Resources and Liabilities RESOURCES Permanent funds investment : Fitchburg Sav. Bank 1,442 . 91 Peoples Sav. Bank 1,309 . 80 Wor. Five. Ct. Sav. 598.01 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. 327.88 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bank 1,163.45 II vestments: Wor. Co. Ins. Sav. 1,968.55 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. Bk. 1,865 . 08 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. 1,398 . 45 -leal estate i^urnishings ibrary "ash 4,842.05 5,232.08 200,000.00 5,000.00 3,755.87 751.31 $219,581.31 LIABILITIES Blake Fund Principal 1,000 . 00 Blake Fund Income 442 . 91 Dewey Fund Principal 1,000 . 00 Dewey Fund Income 163 . 45 Eames Fund Principal 500 . 00 Eames Fund Income 98 . 01 Had wen Fund Principal 1,000 . 00 Hadwen Fund Income 309 . 80 Edward Draper Principal 300 . 00 Edw. Draper Income 27 . 88 4,842.05 Mortgage loans 28,000 . 00 Reserve to extinguish right of way 500 . 00 Surplus, balance, Dec. 5, 1923 118,943.24 Net Gain 1924 67,296.02 186,239.26 $219,581.31 Respectfully submitted, B. W. Greenw^ood, Treasurer Worcester, Mass., December 2, 1924. We, the undersigned, Auditors of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, have ex- mined the accounts and vouchers of the Treasurer of the Society, for the year ending December , 1924, and found them correct, and the balances deposited as stated. Arthur H. Bellows H. Ward Moore Harry C. Midgley I LIBRARIAN'S REPORT To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: In submitting my report for the year 1924, I wish to state that the removal from our old home has somewhat cramped the room donated to the library and this has of course necessitated the stor- age of many books not in constant demand; whereas our new room is congested, yet, it is more cozy and homehke, ideal almost for the purpose used. The use of the library is on the increase among our members, yet it is hoped more may avail themselves of our facilities. However, it is gratifjdng to note the continued use of the hbrary both as regards circulation and reference, by those outside of the Society, this being especially noticeable among pupils of our State Normal School and various High Schools. The usual work of binding and filing has been continued through the year. The additions to the librarj^ during the year just closed, will be found in the list herewith given. United State Department of Agriculture, Farmers' bulletins Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Extension Bulletins 76 81-88; Memoir, 73-74; BuUetins 117-122, 426 Connecticut Agricultural College Extension Service, Bulletins 74, 77, 78 Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletins 278, 280 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 508 Garden Notes on Peonies from Lee R. Bonne"w4tz. Annual Report of the Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners The American Annual Rose Societv, 1924 The Enghsh Annual Rose Society, ^1924 Annual Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees, 1923 Field Museum of Natural History, Vol. XL, No. 3 Massachusetts Beautiful, by WaUace Nutting The Book of Hardy Powers, by H. H. Tomas Bulbs and Tuberous Rooted Plants, by C. L. Allen Practical Plant Propagation, by Alfred C. Hottes The Chrysanthemum, by Arthur Herrington Commercial Rose Culture, by Eber Holmes Lists of Plant Types, by Stephen F. HambUn Outside the House Beautiful, by Henrietta C. Peabody Cultivated Evergreens, by L. H. Bailey Publications and Periodicals Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine The New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 27 The Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florist's Exchange Gardening Gardener's Chronicle, American Park and Cemetery Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City The Modern Gladiolus Grower Market Growers Journal American Forestry The National Geographic Magazine Journal of Economic Entomology English Publications Garden Gardening Gardener's Chronicle Respectfully submitted, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. November 30, 1924. FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The members of your finance committee have been greatly- aided in the performance of their work by the advisory committee which was appointed some two years ago. The joint committee has made a careful survey of matters entrusted to its consideration with the result that by authority of a special meeting of this Soci- ety held April 8, 1924, the entire property situated at 18 Front Street, known as Horticultural Hall, was leased to the F. W. Wool- worth Company for a term of twenty-five years, beginning June 1, 1924. Coincident with this lease, the Society purchased the site known as "ELmcrest," situated at the corner of Elm and Chestnut Streets, which is now occupied as the home of this Society. The occupation of the Elm Street property involved but little expense as the building previously had been remodeled for pur- poses similar to our requirements. The program outlined by the committee contemplates the erec- tion of a new Horticultural Building on the Ehncrest site. Plans for such a building will be prepared during the coming year. Our current finances are in excellent condition and have enabled the reduction of our mortgage indebtedness. With reference to appropriations for the coming year, for sal- aries and premiums, we would respectfully recommend that the sum of S6500.00 be made available for such purposes as the trustees may determine. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse Leonard C. Midgley Herbert W. Estabrook Members of the Finance Committee. December 3, 1924. REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: I am not going into details on this report on exhibitions as I presume you have attended the exhibitions and done your bit to make our first experience in our new quarters successful. Operat- ing on the schedule drawn up for the Front Street building we have done remarkably well. In the old hall we had to have quantity to make an attractive showing, here we will cater to quality and will endeavor to arrange our next year's schedule on this principle. With our increased income we can do a little better in the amounts awarded to the different calls. I would suggest a weekly exhibition, starting in June and continuing to some date in October. With our smaller space, ( we can use one or two rooms) these weekly displays, not so large in volume, can be made attrac- tive and educational. Would also suggest more exhibitions by the children. For the child to get the full benefit of this feature, the exhibit should be grown by the child, gathered by the child, and arranged by the child. Give them all the advice the}^ will take, but let them do the rest. The March exhibition in the Front Street Hall was not as good as usual. Three flower classes, no entry, and eight with but one entry. The committee is now working on a schedule for this exhi- bition that should make for a better showing, not using the quan- tity of perishable plants, transferred long distances in freezing weather. The May exhibition was good, also the first show in June. The Rose exhibition on June 19, was exceptionally fine and never dis- played so effectively, thanks to the facilities of our new building. The remainder of the exhibitions were meritorious, culminating with the Chrysanthemum show. One of the most interesting and popular in my experience. The attendance was very gratifying. The class of people that we have always been trying to reach and interest were there and will be more in evidence next year now that they have found out where we live. There is one thing that I had almost forgotten to mention and that is the added interest and value to every exhibit 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICrXTURAL SOCIETY in having the different varieties named distinctl3^ In conclusion I would urge all the members to take more interest in our exhibi- tions, our winter meetings, our Hbrary (with its periodicals and works of reference unsurpassed in Massachusetts), for your in- terest will accelerate that of the people we want to reach. Re- member 3^our appreciation of the efforts and work of our committee is our only reward. We welcome both your approval and friendly criticism. We wish to extend to ]\Ir. Herbert R. Kinnej', Mrs. ]\Iabel Knowles Gage, and Miss Frances C. Morse our appreciation of their interest and financial assistance in helping the good work of the Society. Respectfully submitted, A. H. Lange, Chaii-man. REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF FLOWERS, PLANTS, ETC. Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Your judge of flowers and plants submits the following report: The spring exhibition was very good, but not very large, there being a number of classes without any entries. The May exhibition was the last held in our old Hall, and was not as good as in past j^ears. The June exhibition was held at our new Hall and was very good. It was hard for some to get accustomed to it at first, but now it is enjoyed by every one. I would say that the season was very poor, being about two weeks behind the schedule in some calls, that being the reason for adding an extra show. The Sweet Pea exhibition was very good and all prizes were taken. The GladioK exhibition was one of the very best, there being competition enough to take all the prizes except two. In September there were some very fine exhibits of cut flowers, and it was noticeable that there was a great improvement on ar- rangement by not using as many flowers and getting better results. The Chrysanthemum exhibition was a grand finish for the season there being some of the finest blooms ever shown anywhere, also some nice anemonie and single flower types. I will say in closing that the appropriation for flowers this last year was $1300.00 and $1353.25 was paid in prizes making a deficit of $53.25. Respectfully submitted, Allyn W. Hixon Judge of flowers and plants- REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF FRUIT The season of 1924 has been favorable for all kinds of fruit, especially the small varieties. All fruits were late in ripening and did not come on scheduled time, which made extra work for the judges. The entries of flowers and vegetables as well as fruit were from one to two weeks late. There have been several very fine displays of fruits and apples. On October 9, the collection of apples was the best that I have ever seen at our exhibitions. I think that our new location is much more satisfactory than the old one, because it is divided into several rooms. We have had more exhibitors then we did last year. Premiums and prizes have been awarded as follows: Strawberries 31, cherries 27, raspberries 10, currants 18, black- berries 10, gooseberries 6, grapes 45, quinces 8, apples 222, pears 82, plums 50, peaches 17, displays of fruit 11, displays of pears 5, dis- plays of apples 8, displays of cherries 2, displays of strawberries 4, displays of currants 1, displays of peaches 3, displays of grapes 5, collections of strawberries 3, boxes of apples 8, fancy baskets of apples 5, fancy baskets of pears 5, apricot 1, making a total of 587 premiums and prizes awarded, 32 more than last year. Respectfully submitted, H. A. Cook, Judge of fruit. REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President and Members of the Horticultural Society: As judge of vegetables I herewith submit the following report: Owing to the cold, late season many of the classes of the ^lay, June and July exhibitions did not fill very well. This was especially noticeable in the rhubarb, asparagus, peas and beans. These vege- tables came in later and were recognized with liberal gratuities. Sweet corn was from two to three weeks behind the schedule. The displays of vegetables have been of high quality and excel- lent arrangement bringing out some keen competition among the exhibitors. The same may be said of the displays of tomatoes on September 4. The collections of vegetables on September 18, ranked well with any that have been shown at our exhibitions. Some of the extra fine vegetable exhibits were the peppers and potatoes at our September shows and the celery, onions and squashes at the October show. Owing to the fact that many kinds of vegetables were not shown when called for on our schedule, S331 of the something like 8820 offered for vegetables were not awarded, but Sloo were awarded in prizes and gratuities which left SI 76 of the amount offered that was no used. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore. REPORT OF THE MEDAL COMMITTEE We have awarded two Hadwen medals this year. One in May to Hermann F. A. Lange for Antirrhunum Helen. One in Novem- ber, to Mrs. G. !Marston ^Miiten for Chr^^santhemimis. Respectfully submitted, A. H. Lange, Chairman. CANDIDATES FOR THE YEAR 1925 President Mr, Myron F. Converse Vice-Presidents Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Albert H. Lange, Worcester, Mass. S. LoTHROP Davenport, North Grafton, Mass. Secretary Herbert R. Kinney, Worcester, Mass. Treasurer Burt W. Greenwood, Worcester, Mass. librarian Miss Lucy M. Coulson, Worcester, Mass. Trustees Harding Allen, Barre, Mass. Joseph A. Allen, Auburn, Mass. William Anderson, South Lancaster, Mass. Edward W. Breed, Chnton, Mass. Sumner F. Chamberlain, Holden, Mass. David L. Fiske, Grafton, Mass. Allen J. Jenkins, Shrewsbury, Mass. William McAllister, Whitinsville, Mass. William E. Morey, Shrewsbury, Mass. Mrs. Edward Warren, Leicester, Mass. Henry B. Watts, Holden, Mass. Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall, Shrewsbury, Mass. George S. Barton, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Louis H. Buckley, Worcester, Mass. Willis E. Cary, Worcester, Mass. Fred H. Chamberlain, Worcester, Mass. Fred L. Chamberlain, Worcester, Mass. Richard A. Flagg, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Alice M. Forbes, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Mabel K. Gage, Worcester, Mass. Charles Greenwood, Worcester, Mass. Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Fred Midgley, Worcester, Mass. H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. Harry I. Randall, Worcester, Mass. Joseph F. Sherer, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Worcester, Mass. George F. E. Story, Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck, Worcester, Mass. William J. Wheeler, Worcester, Mass. Finance Committee Leonard C. Midgley, Worcester, Mass. Nominating Committee Horace E. Sprague, Worcester, Mass. Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Harry I. Randall, Willis E. Cary, Nominating Committee. WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1924 THURSDAY, JANUARY 24 Illustrated Lecture. ''Lafayette National Park and the Gardens of Mt. Desert" By M. Herbert W. Gleason, Boston, Mass. Mr. Gleason, after crossing the continent thirty-eight times, declared New England to be one of the finest sections of the coun- try. One would have to travel far to see more beauty than is found along the Maine coast. Mt. Desert is considered by many who have travelled widely to be the most beautiful scenery of their experience. For the past forty years Dr. Eliot has had a summer home at Mt. Desert. Of the nineteen National Parks in the United States, Lafayette, situated at Mt. Desert, is the only one east of the Mississippi. It is the only one combining the majesty of the mountains with the charm of the sea. The land has been deeded by individuals who have summered on the island from year to year. It is fifty- four years since these people first thought of preserving this section for national use, and since then the land has been donated from time to time, until now Layafette is among the most popular parks of the country. It comprises all the mountainous area as well as other sections of the island. Mt. Desert presents pre- historic records of the glacial age. One of the most beautiful scenic trips in New England is that to Mt. Desert via the 5.00 p. m. boat from Boston. The 4.30 a. m. change at Rockland affords a delightful sunrise, in addition to the sunset of the evening before. Many fine slides were shown illustrating the views of Mt. Desert and the surrounding country, those from Bar Harbor being par- ticularly good. Schooner Head with its wild roses showed a cannon in the background. This cannon, a reHc of the Civil War, was used by a resident of the island during the Spanish American War as a protection for his daughter should the enemy approach the land. Great Head is the steepest section from Eastport to Florida. The sandy beach here is the only one between Eastport and Port- land, on the Maine coast. Bee Hive CUff and a dammed up lagoon made a pretty picture. The pine trees of this district are distorted by winds and greatly resemble the Japanese variety. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 37 The surface of the Champlain mountain, one of the most pic- turesque, is a favorite resort. The trail is conveniently equipped with hand rails and rungs. The official entrance is the Sieur de Monts spring, around which Appalachian Mountain Club picnicers are grouped in the picture. Another slide showed the late Franklin K. Lane to whose memory Mr. Gleason paid a deep and lasting tribute. President Emeritus Eliot and Mr. Gleason also figured in the scenery. At Flying Squadron mountain it is proposed to have a great eagle of bronze with outstretched wings; then to have a bronze tablet on each rock, inscribed to some aviator of the World War. Eagle Lake is one of the largest and most beautiful on the island. Jordan 's Pond is another fine body of water. Tall pine trees in which eagles have built their nests for years showed the young life in them. Bird life on this island is extremely rich and interesting. At Little Duck Island thousands of ducks were seen; and, contrary to the usual opinion, gulls were shown roosting on trees. Then came a picture of the woodcock with its protective coloration. Seven years before the Pilgrim Fathers came, the French settled this section, in 1623, lead by Jesuit priests. Acadia Mountain with its steep profile made a pretty picture, as did Blue Hill with Echo Lake in the distance. Porcupine Island in Frenchman's Bay is a fine example of rock formation. Egg Rock Lighthouse is interesting to visit, although it is not easy to land there. Baker's Island has a fine lighthouse, and many trips are made to this place. The Japanese Rose grows abundantly and luxuri- antly on this bleak island. The gardens of Mt. Desert are among the most beautiful in the country. The Bowl, a little pond with many pond lilies, furnished a prett}^ picture. This island is the district of the Hudsonian and Carolinian flora. Mr. Gleason 's wish is that the pond lily were our national emblem. Trilium, purple fringed orchis, vibernum, many varieties of wild rose, red lily, meadow beauty, asters, moun- tain cranberry, the American yew, blueberries and ferns grow there in profusion. The cultivated gardens of Bar Harbor are famous for their beauty. The cool nights, moisture and fog of the island are particularly favorable to luxuriant growth. Honeysuckle from Corea, which 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY did not thrive at the Arnold Arboretum", flourished at Lafayette Park. George B. Dorr, the superintendent, has devoted large space and time to the cultivation of gardens. A beautiful garden, with a fine building containing an art gallery has been given to the National Park. Mrs. Kennedy's formal Italian garden is the most famous on the island. The daughter of the late Pierpont ^Morgan has a garden rich in color combination, shoeing landscape architecture in con- trol, and has a grassy path leading out to the ocean. Northeast Harbor has a garden of a number of terraces, belong- ing to a Philadelphia lady. In Southeast Harbor is a fine garden owned by some Georgia people. Mt. Desert is one great garden of nature. The most briUiant color combinations found any^^here are here. In closing, Mr. Gleason said; ''East is East, and West is West; But after aU, New England's best.'* THURSDAY, JANUARY 31 Illustrated Lecture, ''Lilies; Clt^ture, Varieties and Propagation" A. B. Stout, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. There are 2,000 groups of plants in the Hly family, most of which are not cultivated as economic factors, but are used for medicinal and food purposes. The true lily comprises 400 different kinds. Most of these are rare, never cultivated, and some have been seen only a few times. They grow in the north temperate zone only; southern and eastern Europe, Asia, India, Siberia, Japan, and here in our country. Of these types only about 100 are fairly well known; about 50, well known; 25, intimately known; and 10, com- monly known. The oldest known lily is the Madonna Lily which grows wild in southeast Europe, in the Caucasus mountains. Reference is made to this flower in the Bible. It is a pure white blossom with j^ellow stamens, is bell-shaped, has a sweet ordor, and grows in mass formation. As a rule, HHes are not very^ leafy. If healthy, they produce twenty-five or thirty flowers. The Madonna Lily has a pecuHar WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 39 growth. From the base of the bulb comes leaves necessary for the proportionate development of the underground portion. Bulbs should be secured and planted immediately. Nearly all lilies do better with mixed plants; as these afford partial protection from the wind, freezing, drying of the ground, furnish a better color scheme, and prevent a gap^here and there in the garden. A slide showed the thick growth of rhododendrons which smothered lilies planted with them. Lilies should never be planted with this flower. One of the pictures showed a large lily field in Bermuda, infected with bacterial disease. Inspection is regularly made nowadays, so little damage from such sources is felt. There are many varieties of Easter Lily. The Formosa is the best one for forming a large number of flowers. The Easter Lily grows in abundance in northern Japan and in China. It is a hardy lily, and with reasonable care can be transplanted, and will bloom again that same year. The Auratum Lily, a giant one, is called the queen of all lilies. It tends to be solitary and to disappear, hence, several plants should be planted near together. Lilium Speciosum is the most showy, is very leafy, and attractive looking even apart from the blossoms. Pictures of different hues and colors were shown. Usually, most of the varieties are dwarfed but sometimes they are six to eight feet high. The Tiger is one of the easiest of all species to grow. A giant variety grows to a height of eight feet. Lilies of this gaudy coloring should be properly planted for effect. A field view of the LiUum Superba was very fine. This is a close relative of the Canadian Lily. It sometimes has only one flower and sometimes a whole cluster. The Coral Lily from Siberia tends to be solitary, having but one stalk from the bulb each year. As it tends to disappear care must be given to the replacing of it. This lily was recommended for gardens. Many lilies have come to us from missionaries and travellers to China and elsewhere. Mr. Wilson of the Arnold Arboretum is one of the men sent from this country for the purpose of collecting specimens. The Regal Lily is a very beautiful one. The choice of the lecturer fell to the Lilium Speciosum and the Lihum Regalum,if twa 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY choices had to be made. Attempt is now being made to cultivate the LiUum Philadelphium. Lihes are not so hard to grow as is imagined. Good, well- drained garden soil is needed for above fifteen to twenty varieties. Most lilies will grow in any good garden. The trouble is in getting good bulbs to start vnth; the method of digging, and handHng for three or four months when they should be in the groimd causes great danger. The critical period is not so much the first year as the second year when the lily is getting established. Lihes that succeed best are those that multiply themselves. Stem-rooting hlies thrive well. Many plants produce bulbs in the leaves, and are great propagators. Propagation of lilies from the seed is an easy matter provided the seed is good and is planted immediately. The Easter Lily can be made to bloom in thirteen or fourteen months. Some lilies are slow to germinate and give considerable trouble. Sometimes the first year they germinate under ground, and there is no sign of them ; but they should not be thrown away, as they ma}^ flourish after all. Views of the lily frames of the New York Botanical Garden were shown on the screen, and advice given to lily growers. Put in orders early in July or August, and order of somebody here who gets his material from abroad; or form groups and order directly from abroad. Dig the soil to a depth of two feet, pulverize and mix with sand and rich humus. The soil should be well drained and cool. Mulch may be used and for this leaves are good. The main problem in growing lilies is to procure better and sounder bulbs. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7 Lecture, "Roses; Culture and Propagation" By Eber Holmes, Halifax, Massachusetts Roses are found growing wild all over the north temperate zone, even as far north as Alaska and Siberia. Some species will not grow farther south than Colorado and Ontario. Herodotus, who wrote in 450 B. C, spoke of roses in cultivation that had 60 petals. The Romans and Greeks, 2,000 years ago, cultivated this flower. Nero spent the equivalent of 8100,000 on roses for one of his parties or feasts. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 41 During the Crusades roses were brought to the western part of Europe from Syria and other eastern countries, and crossed with native ones. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the Monthh' and Tea Roses were irrtroduced from China and India. The Blush China was introduced in 1718; the Crimson, in 1789; the Bhish Tea, in 1810; and the Yellow, in 1824; Rugosa, Wichuriana and r^Iultiflora, from Japan, the latter being used in the parentage of our climbing roses. In 1845 the variety called La Reine was brought out and was the first of a new race called Hybrid Perpetuals or Hybrid Remontants. This gi'oup increased rapidly in numbers between 1860 and 1890, and in particular belong to the Victorian era. Not many of this race have been introduced during the past thirty-five 3'ears, but have been displaced in popularity by the Hybird Teas, the first of which. La France, appeared in 1867. These are true perpetuals and are justly popular, as they have good foliage, are perfume- gi\'ing, flower aU through the growing seasons, and have a wide range of beautiful colors. Since the beginnng of the present century great progress has been made with the rose, and we have a splendid variety for bedding, massing, screens, windbreaks, pillars, climbers, individual shrubs and cut flowers. We have the Wichurianas; then the pom- pous Polyantha or Multiflora; Dwarf Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals; taller Hybrid Perpetuals as Hugh Dickson, J. B. Clark, Frau Karl Druski and Tea Gruss an Teplitz; then the taller bush or shrub roses as Rugosa, Hugonis, Harrison's YeUow, the Irish Singles, the ]Moss Roses and the Sweetbriars. Rugosas may be used as a hedge by planting two rows alternately, and tying them over one another. For large shrub roses and climbers a hole at least two feet square is required. Beds should not be more than four feet wide. The teas and smaller growers may be planted 18 inches apart and 10 inches from the outside edge; while the stronger growing h^'brid perpetuals should be 24 inches apart. Plants on manetti should be planted about 3 inches below the union of stock and scion to reduce the danger of suckering and to strengthen the plant. Those on multiflora need not be more than \}/2 inches below the graft. The Hybrid Perpetuals do weU on manetti. There is a question as to the whether we should plant own roots or budded stock. Both have certain advantages. Weak-growing 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY kinds are benefitted by being budded, and will grow much faster and give greater returns for the first few years. Budded plants are in greater general favor then the own root ones, and cover more space when planted. It hardly pays to buy less than two-year-old plants. They have the advantage or not being winter-killed. All roses should have the soil hilled up to them in the fall before the frost. Prune hard the first spring after planting as there will not be enough root action. Baby roses need no pruning except to thin out weak or crowded shoots, and cut off old stems. Rugosas may have the longest canes shortened back to make a thick bush; and if they get too large for their position they may be cut to the ground when they will start afresh. Climbers needs little pruning, just to have old and poor canes pulled out as soon as they have flowered, to make room for strong, new canes. Rugosas, Briers, Multifloras and Wichuriana Hybrids need little pruning; only to have dead wood cut out, and weak shoots removed. Hybrid Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals require rather severe prun- ing. The climbing Hybrid Teas are not so hardy as the other climbers and should have dead wood removed. Any other pruning will be only on the terminals. There is no sharp line of demar- cation between the Hybrids of Multiflora and Wichuriana. Prune in the fall only with newly planted stock to prevent drain on the plant, and to prevent the long shoots from threshing around in the wind and disturbing the new roots. When cutting flowers cut to a good strong eye. Those with a weak stem cut back hard. Take off all dead flowers taking the two top eyes with them. The plants will grow more and produce more flowers. Summer culture consists of feeding, watering, cultivating and mulching. During the growing season syringe heavily with a sharp stream from a nozzle to dislodge insect pests. A spray of at least 40 pounds is required for this watering. It is best done early in the morning, but in very hot weather it is all right to do it at night. For the finest blooms use mulch and water with liquid manure. Roses are propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, and sometimes by root division. Cuttings should be placed in sand. Layering is done with such kinds as do not root weU from cuttings. This is bending down the shoot on the branch, making a notch in it with a WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 43 knife, burying it in prepared loam, and holding it down in place with a flat stone until it is rooted, when it may be severed from the parent plant and planted where it is to remain. The Persian Yellow is a good example of a rose for the layering method. The Rugosa, Lucida and Alpina, Damask and Province Hybrids throw up suckers. These may be dug up, shortened back to 8 inches, and planted in the regular way. For green and white fly and white thrip: Dissolve 4 oz. whale oil soap and 2 sheets of aphis punk in 1 gal. of boiling water. When cool, strain and add 4 gals, of water. Or, use black leaf 40, 10 oz. and 73^2 oz. soft soap to 5 gal. water as a spray. Get it well under- neath the foliage in a fine mist. For the leaf roller, slug dust on white hellebore early in May or as soon as the second leaf shows. Do this once or twice during the growing season after a rain. Try to get this under the foliage as well as on top. To make any powder stick it may first be sprayed with the hose. Hand picking is the remedy for rose bugs. It is well to carry a small can or bottle of kerosene and drop these in as they are picked off the plants. As these pests attack light colors and white roses most, it is w^ell to plant white flowering shrubs near the rose, as White Wlgelias or White Vibernum. For mildew^, dust sulphur on the foliage, or grape dust. Mildew is most prevalent when we get a spell of very muggy weather or when the hot days have cold nights. For black spot a spray of ammonia and sulphate of copper (ammonia, 1 pt. and copper, 2 oz.). Use 1 gill to 2J/^ gal. water. Or, dust with 1 lb. finely ground lead arsenate to 9 lbs. flowers of sulphur (add 1 lb. tobacco dust to catch green fly). Start early in the season. Mildew and spot are both contagious. To prevent these troubles rake up dead leaves and burn them. If they are good, compost them. For rose scale in the fall take 2 lbs. sulphur, 1 lb. unslaked lime, and 1 gal. water. Boil this 1 hour and add 7 gal. water. For mice in winter use Yi oz. white arsenic, 3^ pail of oats and soak in water. Or, soak squash seeds in hot solution of strychnine and then drj^ The people of America in reply to a questionnaire chose this favorite dozen of bush roses: 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1. Gruss an Teplitz 7. Ophelia 2. 1 t* TXT J Duchess of Wellington 8. H /f 1 1 XT • i Mme. £.duoard Herriot 3. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 9. Columbia 4. Killarney 10. Frau Karl Druschki 5. Radience 11. Mrs. Aaron Ward 6. Los Angeles 12. Sunburst For our New England states the vote was to omit Columbia and Sunburst, and to substitute J. L. Mock and Lady Alice Stanley. The most famous dozen cHmbers in all America are : 1. American Pillar 7. Gardenia 2. Climbing American Beauty 8. Excelsa 3. Hiawatha 9. Christine Wright 4. Silver Moon 10. Aviator Bleriot 5. Tausendschon 11. Dorothy Perkins 6. Paul's Scarlet Climber 12. Dr. Van Fleet The same dozen holds for the New England states. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14 Illustrated Lecture, "Forestry" By Professor Terry, Massachusetts Forestry Association We are using the timber supply of this country four times as fast as it is growing. Our problem is to reforest the absolute average of forest soil. Land is divided broadly into agriculture and forest land, the latter being that which is more valuable for growing crops of timber than for any other purpose. One-third of the acreage of the country, 470,000,000 acres, is true forest land. W^e are running short not because we have used the timber, but because we have failed to keep it growing. We have allowed the land to burn over, and hence not reforest itself. Fire burnt-out land is idle, and not capable of producing anything of value for decades to come, unless reforested. Millions of acres of forest regions have been cut down in New England and the middle Atlantic states, without any precaution taken to reforest them. Fully 50% of all remaining timber in this country is located in the three Pacific states. We have here to pay extra for transporting it, hence the high prices in New England. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 45 Lumber is bulky, so the freightage is exorbitant. In the next thirty or forty years the Pacific supply will give out, and there will be a wood famine in this country if means are not taken to remedy this distress. We must reforest the lands, keep them productive, and furnish adequate protection from fire. The problem of Massachusetts is to reforest 1,000,000 acres of forest land now idle. We must extend state forests, attempt town and municipal forests, and influence private owners to take better care of forest lands and grow more timber. Forestry is compara- tively a new move, and is not for the purpose of preserving timber, but to produce timber. Forests are wood-producing machines. Insect trouble and fungus growth are mostly of foreign importa- tion. The chestnut bhght came from China, and the white pine blister, from Germany. Some friends of the Massachusetts Forestry Association provided films which the speaker used for illustration. The three reels per- tained to reforestation work. With the exception of a few pictures of log-rolling and driving, taken in ]\Iaine, the scenes were of this state. Forest cutting was shown. Practically all of our news- papers are made of spruce; also magazines and much of our writing paper. Wood cut in Maine and New Hampshire is floated down rivers to this state. Wood from Canada, which can't be floated, is brought in by car to our mills. The portable saw mill has sawed most of the lumber in this state for thirty or forty years. One of our important industries is the making of boxes. Pictures illus- trating this process were very interesting. Views of the reservoir of the Metropolitan System were shown, as well as some of Miles Standish Forest, a large forest of white pine. The state aims to provide picnic camps and grounds in such places when feasible. Reel 2 showed conditions of the chestnut blight and ice storm ravages of two years ago. Fire is the most ravaging of all forest troubles. A splendid motion picture of a fire in the forest was shown in all its aspects, from the starting of it by hunters and smokers. Soon smoke was detected by the fire warden in his tower. After consulting a map on his circular table, and learning the exact location of the fire he telephoned to the fire headquarters, and soon the apparatus was on the scene fighting the blazes which were already making considerable headway. Brush fires of this nature destroy young trees, and make the land unproductive. 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Lookout towers and fire equipment may be quickly transported to a fire when adequate protection is furnished. Our state law is that no fire should be started out-of-doors without a a fire warden's permission. The story of the screen fire continued and a family was seen moving out of their home as the fire rushed toward it. Reel 3 was a continuation of the fire in which a fire reel or brake was shown. This is the means of controlUng a big forest fire and checking its growth. State forests are protected by fire lines and representative signs placed at the entrance. Clearing lines are made in the forests by pulling trees up by the roots, not cutting them down. These clearing lines are for fire purposes, for brakes and controls. In this state the worst fire section is Cape Cod district. Other pictures showed the sowing of white pine seed at Amherst. During the first couple of years white pine must be protected from the rays of the sun. Bridgewater Nursery is the largest in the state; Amherst is a good-sized one; and there are many smaller ones. In 1922, 3,000,000 trees were planted, and again in 1923. There are now 23 town forests in Massachusetts. Shdes showed a mayor distributing trees to schoolchildren. Records show that more than 95% of these trees planted by children all over the state have survived up-to-date. The Massachusetts Forestry Association will plant trees for any city or town creating 100 acres or more. A state forest of pine timber near Greenfield, and forest land in the Berkshires were shown. Massachusetts has 1,000,000 acres of idle land that will grow forests. The pictures illustrating this fine lecture were unusually good and highly appreciated by the audience. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21 Illustrated Lecture. "Grapes;" Varieties, Culture AND Propagation By F. E. Gladwin, Fredonia, N. Y. The slides illustrating this lecture were taken during the past fifteen years. Previously, the lecturer was connected with the New York Agricultural Station, and with special experiments of that state. A point stressed in the talk was that there is no wide gulf between the amateur and commercial grower. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 47 A view of a vineyard, forty-five years old, showed that it is pos- sible to grow Concord grapes for several years without the use of animal manures. This particular one was grown on chemical fer- tilizer and green manures; and represented the rather light soil type. Vineyards located on heavy soil type are not so good for the growing of Concords. A general vineyard view showed part of a 300 acre lot near the experiment station. The diamond cultivator is used commonly in vine3^ards when weed growth gets beyond other management; but it can do great harm if not properly used. Grape vines need good grape mulch. Thej^ have been ruined even if clover has been allowed to grow between the rows for a single season. It is practical to plow and do all cultivating early. An experiment made was to grow vetch and rye in the same soil, use lime in one part, applying it every three years. A great dif- ference in the breadth of leaves showed that lime is essential. The same vineyard showed sparse growth of clover where lime was not used. Clover and vetch respond well to lime. Mammoth clover is a wonderful vine restorer. For some years there has been neglect in the study of the training of Concords. The single stem, fourcane nipping is the best. The Chatauqua or arm method when the trunk has two arms, one to the left, and one to the right. From these arms the fruiting canes are tied to the trellis. Of the 40,000 acres in New York, perhaps 35,000 are trained in this way. For the Campbell, Concord, Dela- ware and a few others the single stem fourcane nipping is the best. Experiments proved that training with two stems is not so good. The umbrella nipping method is not so good for commercial pur- poses, as not so heavy a crop is produced in this way. Fastening canes to a wire is a good and secure method. The phase of work interesting to the amateur is to grow better crops on the vine than does his neighbor. More and better pro- duction is obtained by grafting varieties on vigorous root stalks. The grafting of the grape saved the grape industry in France some years ago. This method restored the industry. Roots picked at random from the same soil show great differences. Grafted Concords show an increased quality, but not an increase in quantity or pounds of grapes. Grafted cuttings show a swelling where scion and stock have joined. 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the last three or four years there has been a great pest on the under side of the leaf. This grape leaf hopper is found every- where there is a commercial vineyard. It pumps out the moisture of the leaf and probably turns back some toxic substance. The leaf is dra\sTi and dead in appearance. This pest can be controlled easily by using nicotine sulphate, Yi pint to 100 gallons of water. If it hits the hoppers it will kill them. About 80% are killed in this way. The grape berry moth punctures the skin and enters the grape berry. In some seasons it is worse than others. Spray with Bor- deaux mixture and arsenate of lead just as soon as the berries have set, and foUow up in this way for a couple of weeks. By this treat- ment the pest can soon be controlled. The lava or worm was shown in the open berry. It passes the winter by cutting a piece of leaf and rolhng itself up in it. The foremost of all pests, especially in the Chatauqua district, is the grape root worm. The adult form is a beetle. It feeds on the upper surface of the grape leaf. Coat with a good surface of arsenic. This worm goes from the leaf to the berry, and great damage is done to the roots. AU the fibrous roots are chewed off by this beetle, and the healthy root is ruined. This causes a frightful loss in many parts of the United States. In the spring, quite often, the steely blue beetle burrows until €very bud of the vine is tunneled out. In 1920 a crop of five acres was completely eaten out by them. It was discovered after a while that an adjacent woodlot containing wild vines was infested with them, so the woodlot was cut down and the trouble ended. The trouble mth the Concord now is the drjdng up of the margin of the grape leaf. It was thought for a long time that it was chlo- rosis, but experimenters came to the conclusion that the trouble was caused by excessive moisture or excessive drought. After the vine has been weU estabUshed the trouble does not appear. Other disturbances met with are ^^nter-killing, which results when there is not enough snow and ice to cover the ground. Pow- dery mildew is controlled by Bordeaux mixture. Shattering of fruit from the stem is caused by powdery mildew, the leaf hopper and moisture. Traction sprajdng is used in commercial work. For the harvesting of the Concord the 12 quart cUmax basket is used to haul the grapes directly from the vineyard to the car. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 49 It is hoped that merchants will soon be able to serve well-picked grapes in two- and four-quart packages. Views of the central packing houses of New York were shown, also the grape industry at the juice plants. The Ontario is an early, white grape of fine quality. Nitrate of soda and acid phosphate are good for fertihzers. Any especially interested in further experiments along this line are ad- vised to address the New York Fruit Testing Association, at Geneva, New York. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28 Illustrated Lecture. ''How to Grow Flowers FROM Frost to Frost By E. I. Farrington, Boston, Mass., Secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society In opening, Mr. Farrington said that the schedule of the Wor- cester County Horticultural Society was much better than those of the Massachusetts' Society, and ''put it all over" the latter. He hopes for a closer co-operation between the two societies in the future, as together the societies can do vastly more. He quoted General Dearborn, the first president of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, who said; "Horticulture is the fine art of common living." It is inspirational and makes life worth living. All classes and conditions of people visit the hall of the society to ask questions and advice. Only recently a letter carrier took out a life membership in the organization. Every country is all right while its people are working with the soil. In making a garden it is well to begin with shrubs. Place them to make the garden a picture with them for a frame. Just now the rock garden is coming into great favor, but even this must have a frame. It is practically possible under the proper planning and management to have flowers in bloom in a garden from frost to frost. It is well to have a reserve garden in a cold frame. It is remarkable what can be accomplished with a single cold frame. Japanese gardens are good if people like that style. There are gardens for all tastes and conditions. In the early days all gardens were walled in ; and people are beginning to realize nowadays that a garden is an out-door living room, and hence should be secluded. 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Some say it is not American to have gardens closed in, but it cer- tainly is better for the gardens themselves. Japanese witch hazels are blooming now. Sometimes they bloom in January, or it may be February or March. The effect is delightful in the snow. It is a good flower for a city garden as it can endure smoke, dust and soot. We must look to bulbs for the earliest blooms in spring. The Dar^dn tulip and mayflower tuhp can be grown in any kind of garden. Even among the roses there can be a longer season than thought. Rosa Hugonis makes a fine shomng by itself. Colum- bia is best for a rose garden for an all-around type. Be careful to give the ground a good drainage! It may be necessary to put in a few tiled drains. Souvenir de Claudis Cournet is a fine yellow rose which keeps its color well. It is sold by florists as a hot- house rose. It has many thorns. As a rule, yellow roses are inclined to fade, but this one is a great exception. It begins to bloom early and blooms until frost kills it in the faU. Glutensdorst is a crossing of the baby rambler with the Rosa Grigosa. Baby rambler roses, one or two feet high, can be reUed upon to blossom all summer. This red rose is good for a hedge. Some florists call this rose the Carnation Flower Rose. It has a curious fluting around the edge and looks like a carnation. The Damson Rose is early, but is very thorny. The Aunt Carrie is strong and vigorous. The Witch Moss is a real moss rose. The Dorothy Perkins is hardy, and is one of our best .roses. It is good to grow in a garden. The Crimson Rambler has been largely given up, and the Excelsior has become its best successor. Peonies and Iris are required for a real garden. The peony is a perennial which should be left in one spot for years. It does not like to be separated. If it is separated it should by aU means be done in the fall. The newer peonies are remarkably handsome and fascinating. Some claim that the peony is a rival of the rose; but this is not so on account of its short season. Some people make a little shelter for peonies to keep them a long time. It is best to cut them in the morning, in the bud, for house use. Sometimes they will keep on the ice in greenhouses for months before they are sold. Bearded Iris wiU grow in practically any location. It is a fine perennial for a garden. It is a very convenient plant as there are early and late varieties. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 51 People should be careful not to place in the shade plants that require the sun. A hardy border must have an abundance of each kind of flower, and must have large masses. Careful choice must be made to mix flowers blooming at various seasons from early to late. White flowers are always a peace maker and do away with great flashes of discordant colors. Some claim that we should not have bright colors in a garden; but this is not right, as nature gives us plenty of bright colors. Red and such colors should be placed in a strong Hght. Rock or Alpine flowers come in the early spring. Rock gardens must be laid out with great care. England is the home of the rock garden. The Day Lil}- has a great many varieties. One nurseryman is now putting on twelve varieties. The Regal Lily was discovered by iMr. Wilson of the Arnold Arboretum some years ago, growing by the acre at the foot of a mountain in China. He brought it over to this country where it was introduced, and has since flour- ished. This lily persists and multiplies. It is good to have in a garden. Now there is real culture of the larkspur. There are many new kinds on the market, and it is found that there is no more difficulty in growing the new types than the old. Garden Pink, hollyhock and foxglove are good for a garden. Gaillardia grows with less water than almost any other perennial, and is especially good for a garden. A field of white Oriental Poppies may be introduced into a home garden, as the stock easily increases. Our Xew England Aster was taken up by England, made a splendid garden plant, and sent back here. It can be used as an edger. Lupins are recommended for quick results. Seeds planted in the spring wall give flowers the same season, often six weeks after the planting. Veronica ought to have a place in every garden; and ]Meadow Rue is good in masses. The Japanese Anemone Hkes good rich soil, and no wind. With care it can be carried through year by year. King George Aster doesn't grow more than two or three feet high. It is a good addition to a garden, and helps to carry the season late into the fall. The French Chrj^santhemums bloom early in the spring with careful handling, but need some pro- tection. Gardens are sure to have some vacant spots in them, 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY and these may be filled up with gladioli, which grow well in almost any garden, and in almost any soil. The dahlia can well be used for a hedge. It is often used for a vegetable garden hedge. The Cactus type of Dahlia is prized by lovers of the Dahlia. The Dwarf or Peter Pan Dahlias ought to have a place in a garden. We must depend upon annuals for a garden. Sweet Peas are highly prized. They should be put in just as soon as the ground can be worked, and sown five inches or more. The ground should be kept cool with plenty of water. Nasturtiums are always a favorite flower for the garden. Thej^ should be sprayed with Black Leaf 40. on the under side of the leaves, for any trouble. The Blue Lace Flower is a good flower for cutting, but is slow to germinate as it gets choked up with moss. Lady Lenox Cosmos is not a good variety to grow, as when it blooms the frost comes along and kills it. The right kind blooms from August to late fall. Potato blossoms are very beautiful, and cabbage is considered the prettiest foliage for a garden, by many people. Even the Dahlia when first taken to Europe, was considered a vegetable. In order to have flowers early, we must start them in the house. The slides accompanying this lecture were very beautiful scenes in many gardens. ANNUAL REUNION, MARCH 6, 1924 After invocation by the Rev. Clifton H.AIix an excellent banquet was served by J. H. Lunt, caterer, and his able corps of assistants. The decorations were unusually attractive. Mr. Myron F. Con- verse, president of the Societ}^, acted as toastmaster. The first speaker presented b}^ ]\Ir. Converse was the Honorable Michael J. 0 'Hara, Mayor of Worcester. Mayor 0 'Hara, owing to other engagements made a brief speech and left early. He spoke of the friendly relations between the City Hall and Worces- ter Horticultural Society as neighbors, referred to his home situa- tion as a farm, and addressed his many friends whom he saw around him. He paid great tribute to the farmer who has largely contrib- uted to the prosperity and growth of the city. Mention was made of the many improvements during the eight^^-four years of the Society. Mayor O'Hara expressed his thanks for his invitation, wished the Society success, and bade farewell, hoping to meet there WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 53 with them again. The highest mark of respect and good-will was shown the new mayor by his many friends and fellow citizens. President Converse's Address We are assembled at this time and place to hold a reunion of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. This occasion marks the close of the winter meetings. The Society was organized eighty-four years ago. Incorporated March 3, 1842, for the purpose of Advancing the science and encouraging and improving the practice of horticul- ture." Throughout the long years of this Society 's creditable existence, it has abided by its original purpose and thus has lent floral beauty and adornment to the homes and gardens of our community. The first exhibit was held in the town hall in the fall of 1840 and established a prestige which has been ever maintained. We find in the seventies, the facilities of the present building were deemed insufficient for these exhibits and for some time after- ward they were held in Mechanics Hall. The City's growth has had its deterring effect on these exhibits for we find in the records that land which had been used for fruit growing had been taken for commercial purposes. Among the parcels referred to was one bounded by Main and High Streets; another located at the corner of Main and Austin Streets. The winter meetings, a lecture course, were instituted about the time of our fiftieth Anniversary, and have been of special value in the promotion of the purposes of this Society. In earlier days the lectures were prepared by members and re- flected the diligence with which they followed their chosen work. Of late years, however the committees have chosen the services of out-of-town lecturers who have brought an abundance of instruc- tion and ideas to the members of our Society. Of special interest to you all is the fact that the Society has been located on the present site since 1850. The purchase of this site was made possible through a bequest of S3000 from Daniel W^aldo in 1846. The erection of the building at a cost of $12,000 placed the Society under a heavy indebtedness. In the years of the sixties, it appears that a strong effort was made to dispose of the property and relocate. Among the sites 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY suggested was one lying on the easterly side of Chestnut Street extending from Pleasant to Pearl Street where Plymouth Church and other buildings are now located. The effort seems to have been renewed in the seventies, but at all times wiser council has prevailed with the result that today we are fortunate possessors of this valuable estate, which constitutes the home and provides the means for a future of larger and better accomplishments . Opportunity stands at the very gateway of the future of this Society and needs only the animated, living, active support of its members to bring the '^Practice of Horticulture" to a foremost position among the vocations and avocations of the day. Mr. Converse then introduced the speaker of the evening,Mr. Ernest H. Wilson, assistant director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Mr. Wilson told of many experiences he had in foreign lands while plant hunting. He declared plant hunting to be the first pursuit upon which man engaged; as hunting for plant food pre- ceded the hunting for animals. A garden is a living museum from many lands. At the start plants were used for food and medicine, then later they were appreciated for the flowers themselves. Plant hunting is more difficult than animal hunting, for it is easier to carry home animals or have them transported, then it is to trans- port to foreign lands delicate plants and trees. It is twenty-five years since Mr. Wilson made his first trip abroad to hunt plants. His objective then was the blue primrose which he heard was grow- ing in abundance in the heart of China. When he found it it was flowering abundantly by the wayside, so he thought that by the middle of June the seed would be ripe; but the next few trips dis- appointed him. So, his fifth trip resulted in his taking away with him plants instead of seed. All went well until in passage an open port-hole allowed the salt water to fiood his cabin and kill two of the plants. He arrived in England with four plants which flowered in the spring, then died. So, the blue primrose is still blooming in the heart of China. Another interesting experience was his search for the Davidia. This was discovered in 1869 by a French priest whose name was David, hence the name of the tree. Mr. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 55 Wilson heard that an Irishman knew where the tree was growing, so he hunted him up in Burma. Despite difficulties due to riots, interpreters, and the like, after a three-week's walk, Mr. Wilson arrived at the location of the Davidia, only to find that it had been cut down. He saw it used for uprights in a house nearby. There was no other within a thousand miles of that place, so far as they knew. Yet, a month afterwards the speaker came upon a grove of twenty or more of these trees, with a good supply of seed, and the next year knew where there were a hundred or more. In 1922 the trees were flowTring, but in the eleven years after that around China, he never again saw the Davidia flowering tree. Mr. Wilson walked 700 miles to get the red poppy. In 1910 he procured some of the fine conifer evergreens which are now flourishing in the Ar- nold Arboretum. The rhododendron is very numerous in species in China; and about sixty-five varieties have been introduced into this country. Only one of these is growing in Boston, and that, unfortunately the poorest of the lot. ^Ir. Wilson went to Formosa to see what grow1:h was on the mountain tops. After lying in wait seventy-two hours for the rain to stop he reached the top to find a fungus growth on Mt. IMorrison much like that on Mt. Washing- ton. He was the third white man to reach the top of that moun- tain. He then went to the topmost cliffs of Formosa, along the sheer, hard limestone. He was, in 1918, the first white man to gain the p jmmit . Although Mr. Wilson 's achievements were many in all these years, what he is chieflj^ famous for is the discovery of the great Regal Lily in 1903. He named it and introduced it into this country. It is a very well-known lily and thrives in many gardens throughout the country. During the evening ]Mr. Malcolm Midgley sang, Mr. Jack Leigh entertained, and Miss Mildred Farmer gave a reading. The Stein- ert reproducing piano furnished music. After the banquet dancing was enjoyed; and all pronounced the affair one of the most successful of the society. The Crombie Press SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1924 THE ATTEP4TION OF EXmBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL OFFICERS ANT> COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1924 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PBE8IDENT3 HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbury, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. SECRETABT HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street. LIBRARIAN Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester TBEASUREB BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Siminer F. Chamberlain David L. Fiske Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister WUliam E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Buckley WilUs E. Gary So Barre Aubvirn Lancaster Clinton Holden Grafton Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Holden Shrewsbviry Worcester Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain Clifford T. Eldridge Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood Allyne W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Leonard C. Midgley, 1924 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1926 Allen J. Jenkins, 1924 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Harry I. RandaU, 1925 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS WiUis E. Gary, 1926 Edward W. Breed, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange Charles Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Henry E. Kinney William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Hermann F. A. Lange Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, Myron F. Converse Harry C. Midgley Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson Allyne W. Hixon AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowees, Plants, etc.: Allyne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Fruits, etc. Albert H. Lange, Chairman Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. MEDAL COMMITTEE President, Myron F. Converse Herbert A. Cook ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Leonard C. Midgley Burt W. Greenwood S. Lothrop Davenport H. Ward Moore SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1924 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. Xo person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges ma}' correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made b}' them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2. 30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3. o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 5.30 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of AA'orcester County, and it is stricth' required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown b}' the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [Wz4: and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when the}^ will be delivered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. No cards of a business nature will be allowed on any ex- hibit competing for a premium. 12. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct an}^ errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 14. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary. 15. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," ''Sweeting," "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 16. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 17. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 18. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foiliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids, 1924] RULES AND REGULATIONS 5 carnations and gloxinias. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 19. No Judge shall award a premium or prize in any case wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest; in any such case the judgment shall be rendered b}' any three of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge shall invite. HS^M^ The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties. 20. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 21. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit, and ^'egetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worth}^ exhibits not receiving a premium. 22. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 23. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can be filled out and placed upon the tables. 24. "Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 25. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FLOWERS.— Arrangement, 30 points Quality of blooms, 25 " Number of varieties, 25 " Properly named, 20 " LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, 30 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem, 25 " Arrangement, 25 " Properly named, 20 " 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 DISPLAYS.— Arrangement , Quality, A^ariety, COLLECTIONS.— Quality, Arrangement, A^ariety, Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester Count}^ Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. §1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. William Fames Fund. SoOO.OO. Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Fred A. Blake Fund, si, 000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester Count3\ In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society do not find occasion to award medals for Xew Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used in special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. 81,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. 8300.00. Income to be used in prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 40 points 30 30 -10 30 30 FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1924 [Jl^^ The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 13. 13. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE EIGHTEEN BLOOMS : Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLL'STERS : A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples : Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES : Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors will add value to their exhibits by HAVING all specimens CORRECTLY AND LEGIBLY NAMED, AND the NUMBER OF VARIETIES WRITTEN ON THE ENTRY CARDS, notice of w^hich will be taken by the jl'dges in award- ing the premiums. 2. The judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all EXHIBITIONS OF LILIES THE POLLEN MAY BE REMOVED. By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by hi??} or his assistants. spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 20, open from 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, Mar. 21, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m, CUT FLOWERS.— No. 1 . Twenty vases, S3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 CARNATIONS.— No. 2. Displa3^ Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 8.00 6.00 4.00 Fred A. Blake Fund ORCHIDS.— No. 3. Display in any form, 10.00 5.00 * 5}: H« CINERARIA, IN BLOOM.— No. 4. Collection, potted plants, 8.00 5.00 3.00 CYCLAMEN, in bloom.— No. 5. Display, potted plants , 10 . 00 8 . 00 5 . 00 AZALEA, IN BLOOM. — No. 6. One plant, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, IN BLOOM.— No. 7. Six plants, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PRIMULA, IN BLOOM.— No. 8. Display, potted plants, 8 . 00 5 . 00 3 . 00 Fred A. Blake Fund ANTIRRHINUM.— No. 9. Vase of twenty spikes, 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 * * * BASKET.— No. 10. 5.00 3.00 2.00 NARCISSUS.— No. 11. Twent}' vases, five blooms in each, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 VIOLETS.— No. 12. 100 in Bunch, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 13. SI 50. 00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — ^-^^ ^ ' ; - — No. 14. Any variety, $2.50 o z . UU 1 . oU 1 1 nn . UU No. 15. Twelve specimens, 2. 50 o z . UU i ^n OU 1 i nn . UU CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — iNo. lo. nect, 9 UU 1 i . ^n OU 1 i nn . UU No. 17. Savoy, Z . . UU i . OU 1 i nn . UU No. 18. Any other variety named, 2. 50 Z . nn UU 1 1 ^n . OU 1 i nn . UU "D i "DOT T7""V^ No. 19. Une-nali peck, Z . UU 1 . oU 1 i nn . UU L AKKU 1 . — No. 20. Twelve specimens. 2. 50 9 nn . UU 1 1 ^n . OU 1 i nn . UU Lll.L/ll«K 1 . — No. 21. Six specimens, 2. 50 z . UU 1 xn . oU 1 nn . UU Lhi 1 i L L hj. — JNo. ZZ. bix neacis, 2. 50 o z , . UU 1 . oU 1 1 nn . UU Al L fcHKUUAl. — No. 23. Twelve specimens. o z , r\f\ . UU 1 . oU 1 nn . UU SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. rso. z4. rluDbara, 2. 50 9 z . nn . UU 1 xn . OU 1 1 nn . UU No. 25. Any other variety. 2. 50 o z , An . UU 1 xn . oU 1 nn . UU TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 26. Yellow Swede, o z nn . UU 1 . oU 1 1 nn . UU No. 27. White Swede, o z . UU 1 xn . oU 1 nn . UU TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 28. Any variety not scheduled, r> z .00 1 . oO t 1 .00 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. — No. 29. Any variety. o Z . uo 1 . oO 1 nn .00 APPLES.— No. 30. Display not to exceed five varieties, 5.00 4. 00 6 on . uU 9 Z nn . UU 1 nn . UU APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 31. Baldwin, 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 32. Sutton, 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 33. Northern Sp}^ 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 34. Palmer, 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 35. Roxbuiy Russet, 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 36. For other varieties five dollars may be used for prizes. May Exhibition Thursday, May 1 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 37. Twent}^ vases, S3. 00 2.50 1.00 No. 38. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 39. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURE. No. 40. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 41. Twent}' vases, one flower with foliage in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, ix bloom.— No. 42. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 43. For best table decoration, laid for eight covers, no restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 44. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom. S50.00 ma}^ be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CARNATIONS.— No. 45. One vase, fifty flowers, other green permissible, 5 . 00 3 . 00 DANDELION.— No. 46. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 LETTUCE.— No. 47. Six heads, $2,00 1,50 1.00 .50 PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 48. Hollow Crown, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 49. Other varieties, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 50. One-half peck, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 51. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 52. Linnaeus, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve SPECIMENS each. No. 53. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 54. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1 . 50 1 .00 .50 Thursday, June 12 CUT FL(3WERS.— Xo. 55. Twenty vases. .S3. 00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Xo. 56. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 X'o. 57. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, to be named, twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BASKET.— Xo. 58. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS, twenty-five vases.— Xo. 59. XodupHcates 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 .50 AZALEA.— Xo. 60. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 IRIS, German.- Xo. 61. Ten vases, three trusses in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 RHODODEXDROX.— Xo. 62. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 PEOXIES.— Xo. 63. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGOXIAS.— Xo. 64. Four plants in bloom, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ROSES.— Xo. 65. Hybrid Perpetuals. twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 Xo. 66. Hybrid Tea. twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ZOXALE GERAXIUMS.— Xo. 67. Twent}' vases, one truss in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— Xo.68. MavDuke, 1.50 1.00 .50 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUNTS 13 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 69. Glen Mary, $2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 70. Sample, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 71. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 72. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used in prizes. ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 73. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUCUMBER.— No. 74. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 75. Half -peck, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 RHUBARB, twelve stalks. — No. 76. Monarch, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 77. Victoria, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BEET.— No. 78. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 79. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 80. Any variety named, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 81. Two bunches, six each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 19 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 82. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 83. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture. 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 84. Collection of cut roses, 8.00 6.00 4.00 No. 85. Vase H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 86. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 87. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding twenty blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells). — No. 88. Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PEONIES.— No. 89. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse No. 90. For the most artistic table ar- rangement of flowers or fruit, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 91. Display of outdoor varieties, 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 15 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 92. No restrictions as to arrangement. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, So. 00 4.00 3.00 2.00 * * * DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sweet william).— No. 93. Twelve vases, three trusses in a vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 FOXGLOVE.— No. 94. Vase of twelve spikes, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries. — No. 95. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 96. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 97. BarrATnore, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 98. Howard No. 17, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 99. Collection, not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 100. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART. — No. 101. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 102. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 103. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 104. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 105. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, ONE HALF PECK. No. 106. Gradus, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 107. Thomas Laxton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBERS.— No. 108. Three specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 109. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 110. Not to exceed 24 square feet, 815.00 may be used for prizes. Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, July 3 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 111. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 112. One vase, not more than twelve trusses, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 LILIUM CANDIDUM.— No. 113. Twelve vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 1 14. Twenty-five vases, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 115. Twenty vases, one spike in each, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney A. Vase of Sweet Peas, any green per- missible, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 ^jc 5iC ^ STRAWBERRY.— No. 116. Best display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 117. Black Eagle, 2 .00 1.50 1.00 No. 118. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 119. Montmorency, 1.50 1.00 No.' 120. Best display, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 121. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 122. Named variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 123. Red Cross, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 124. Perfection, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 17 No. 125. White Grape, $1. 50 1 .00 .50 No. 126. Versaillaise, 2.00 1, ,50 1 .00 .50 No. 127. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 128. Twelve specimens, 2.50 2.00 1. 50 1 .00 .50 CARROT No. 129. Two bunches, six in each, 2.00 1, 50 1 .00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, HALF PECK. No. 130. AVax, 2.50 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 No. 131. Green Pod, 2.50 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 132. Admiral Dewey, 2.50 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 No. 133. Telephone, 2.50 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 No. 134. Varieties not scheduled. 2.50 2. .00 1 .50 1 .00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 135. Any named variety, 2.50 2 ,00 1 .50 1 .00 I Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 10 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 136. Twenty vases, 83.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 137. One vase, 12 stalks, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 liliu:m regale.— No. 138. Vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 139. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 140. Table decoration Sweet Peas, laid for eight covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 141. Basket, 3.00 2.00 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund No. 142. Collection of Sweet Peas, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney B. Display of Cut Flowers on round tables, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for twenty vases during the year. 1924J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 19 RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 143. Cuthbert, $2,00 1,50 1.00 .50 No. 144. Golden Queen, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 145. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one quart.— No. 146. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, twenty-four bunches. — No. 147. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SQUASH, three specimens. — No. 148. Summer, 2.00 $1.50 $1.00 .50 TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens.— No. 149. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE specimens. — No. 150. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAS.— No. 151. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 152. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two daj^s in advance. Thursday, July 17 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 153. Twenty vases, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 154. Ten vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GERIMAN STOCKS.— No. 155. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CHINA PINK — No. 156. Twenty vases five clusters in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 . 50 PETUNIA.— No. 157. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 158. Twelve vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney C. Vase of flowers artistically arranged, vase to be supplied by the ex- hibitor. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 * * * APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 159. Any variety, 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 160. Any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 161. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 21 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 162. Early Harvest, CORN, TWELVE EARS. — No. 163. Sweet, any variety named, CUCUMBER.— No. 164. Three specimens, TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 165. Any variety named, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 166. Any variety, BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 167. Any variety named, LETTUCE.— No. 168. Twelve heads. $1.50 1.00 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 31 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 169. Twenty vases, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 170. Ten vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 171. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 172. Twenty vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, (perennial). — No. 173. Twelve vases, one cluster in each 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 174. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney D. Vase of flowers artistically arranged, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 This number is intended for the exhibitors who do not compete in the call for vases during the year, APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 175. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 176. Oldenburg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 177. Yellow Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 178. Wachusett, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 179. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1924] SCHEDULF OF PREMIUMS 23 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 180. Giffard, $2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, Tl\^ELVE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 181. An}' variet}', five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 182. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 183. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 184. Any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 185. Not less than 12 rows, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 186. Summer, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 187. Hebron, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 188. Irish Cobbler, ' 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 No. 189. Rose, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 190. Varieties not scheduled, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Thursday, August 7 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 191. One vase, no restrictions as to arrangement, $3 .00 2.00 1 .00 .50 GLADIOLUS.— No. 192. Four vases, 6 spikes in each, distinct varieties, 4.00 3.00 2.00 ASTERS.— No. 193. Twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 194. Twenty vases, five sprays 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LILIES.— No. 195. Display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PHLOX, PERENNIAL. No. 196. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLOWABLE. No. 197. Twenty vases, 3 .00 2.00 ZINNIA.— No. 198. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 199. Twenty-five vases, no duplicates 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney E. Table Decorations. For the best table decorations, laid for four covers, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25 This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the j-ear. Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance. * * * APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 200. Astrachan, S2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 201 . WiUiams, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 202. Golden Sweet, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 203. Clapp's Favorite, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 204. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 205. Goddard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 206. Pole, any variety, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 207. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 208. Crosby, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 209. Yellow, Sweet, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 210. An}' named variety (excepting summer varieties), 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 211. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 14 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. GLADIOLUS.— No. 212. Collection, varieties not disseminated, Silver Medal. No. 213. Display, Notify the Secretary two days in advance, So. 00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 214. Basket, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 .00 .50 No. 215. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM. No. 216. Vase of 20 blooms, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 217. Single, twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 218. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS No. 219. Not to exceed 40 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — F. 5.00 3.00 2.00 * * * APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 220. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 221. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 222. Varieties not scheduled, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Rostiezer, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 224. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 225. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 226. Carman, $1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 227. Any other variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 228. Bradshaw, 3.00 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 229. McLaughlin, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 230. Washington, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 231. Gen.Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 232. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 233. Gueii, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 235. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. POLE BEAN, HALF-PECK.— No. 236. Shell, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 237. Kentucky Wonder, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 238. String, any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 239. Any named variety, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 240. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 241. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. CORN, SWEET.— No. 242. Twelve ears, of not less than 12 rows, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 243. Half-peck, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 VEGETABLES.— No. 244. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 244A. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Thursday, September 4 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 245. Twenty vases, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 246. Ten vases, 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. BASKET.— No. 247. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 DAHLIA.— No. 248. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 249. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 POMPON.— No. 250. Twenty vases, three sprays in each, ' 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED.— No. 251. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA.— No. 252. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 253. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 SCABIOSA.— No. 254. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 254A. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse G . For twenty-four vases of Annuals, So . 00 3 .00 2 . 00 * * * APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 255. Gravenstein, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 256. Maiden's Blush, 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 257. Porter, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 258. Washington Strawberry, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 259. Holden or Fall Orange, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 260. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 261. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TW^ENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 262. Hyslop, 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 263. Lucrative, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 264. Bartlett, 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 265. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 266. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 267. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 268. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 269. Elberta, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 270. SeedHngs, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 27 1 . Crawford (early) , 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 272. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLL^M, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 273. Golden Varieties, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 274. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 275. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 276. Quackenboss, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 277. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 278. Moore's Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 No. 279. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 280. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 281. Squash, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 282. Any other variety, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 283. Beauty, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BEAN, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 284. Dwarf Lima, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 285. Large Lima, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 286. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CELERY, BLANCHED (nAMED), six SPECIMENS. No. 287. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 288. Any variety, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 EGG PLANT.— No. 289. Three specimens, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 MUSHR00:\1, NATIVE.— No. 290. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. TOMATOES.— No. 291. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, S15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 11 This exhibition will be open to the pubhc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 292. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Xo. 293. Basket, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 MARIGOLD.— Xo. 294. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Xotify the Secretary two days in advance. DAHLIA.— Xo. 295. Fifty vases, one flower in each," 5.00 -4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Xo. 296. Single varieties, twenty vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse H. For the most artistic table arrange- ment of flowers or fruit, 5.00 3.00 2.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 297. American Beauty or Sterling, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Xo. 298. Mother, ^ 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 299. Twenty-ounce, 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 300. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Xo. 301. Urbaniste, 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 302. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACHES.— Xo. 303. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 304. Satsuma, $2,00 1,50 1.00 .50 No. 305. Pond's Seedling, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 306. Green Mountain, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 307. Moore's, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 308. Twelve specimens of each, 4 .00 3 .00 2 .00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, THREE specimens. — No. 309. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 310 . Golden Hubbard, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 311. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CLERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 312. Paris Golden, 2 .50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 No. 313. Other varieties. 2 .50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS.- No. 314. Red, 2. 00 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 315. Savoy, 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 316. Any other variety. 2 ,50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 317. Three specimens. 2. .50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 318. Green Flesh, 2 .00 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 319. Yellow Flesh, 2 .00 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 320. Water, 2 .00 1.50 1 .00 .50 TURNIP.— No. 321. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1 .00 .50 No. 322. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. 5.00 4. 00 3.00 2 .00 1 .00 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage I. Display of vegetables to Exhibitors, out of the County. 25.00 A silver medal will also be awarded by the Society. Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 18 This exhibition will be open to the pubUc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 323. Twenty vases, S4 .00 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 cos:mos.— No. 324. Display in vases. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CELOSIA.— No. 325. Display in vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECniEXS. — No. 326. Hiibbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 327. Pewaukee, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 328. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 329. Seckel, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 330. Superfin, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 331. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 332. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 333. Crawford (late), . 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 334. Stump the World, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. — No. 335. Brighton, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 336. Campbell, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 337. Lindley, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 338. Massasoit, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 339. Worden, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 No. 340. Concord, $2,00 1,50 1.00 .50 No. 341. Delaware, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Niagara, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 343. Pocklington, ' 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 344. Moore's Diamond, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 345. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 345A. Display of Grapes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 346. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 347. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 348. Not to exceed 16 square feet, $30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. VEGETABLES.— No. 349. Collection not to exceed 25 varie- ties, 12.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 9 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. FERXS.— No. 350. Display, potted plants, named varieties, So. 00 3.00 2.00 CUT FLOWERS.— Xo. 351. Cut flowers in any form, S50.00 may be awarded in prizes. CHRYSAXTHE^IU^E— Xo. 352. Display, outdoor culture, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 APPLE, OXE STANDARD BOX. Xo. 353. :McIntosh, 4.00 3 00 2 00 1 00 .50 Xo. 354. Any other variety, 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMEX5 Xo. 355. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3 00 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 356. Bellflower, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 357. Sutton Beauty, 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 358. Tompkins King, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 359. Winter Banana, 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 360. Peck's 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 36L Pound Sweet, 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 362. R.I. Greening, 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 Xo. 363. :\IcIntosh, 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 364. Xorthern Spy, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 365. Palmer, 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 366. Roxbury Russet, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 367. Canada Red, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 368. Opalescent, 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 369. Delicious, 1 50 1 00 .50 Xo. 370. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties, 5 00 4 00 3 00 2 50 2 00 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 No. 371. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 372. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 373. Angoulene, $1.50 1 00 .50 No. 674:. Clairgeau, 1.50 1 00 . 50 No. 375. Langelier, 1.50 1 r\r\ 00 . 50 No. 376. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 377. Winter Nelis, 1.50 1 ou . 50 No. 378. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 379. Comice, 2.00 1 00 . ou No. 380. Onondaga, 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 381. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 382. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 383. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars, may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 384. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1 00 .50 No. 385. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 386. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 387. Champion, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— No. 388. Half peck, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 389. Three specimens, 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 .00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 390. Any narned variety, 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 .00 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS.- No. 391. Giant Pascal, 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 .00 No. 392. Easy Blanching, 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 No. 393. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 ENDIVE,.— Xo. 394. Six specimens, S2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 395. Twelve specimens, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 396. Red Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 397. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 398. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 399. Hollow Crown, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 400. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PARSLEY.— No. 401. Half peck, 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 PUMPKIN, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 402. Sweet, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SALSIFY.— No. 403. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .50 SQLWSH. THREE SPECIMENS. No. 404. Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 405. Bay State, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 406. Blue Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 407. Any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 408. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 409. Any variety not scheduled, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 410. White Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 411. YellowSwede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN.— No. 412. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint corn shown flat, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 GRAINS.— No. 413. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. FIELD BEANS.— No. 414. Best exhibit, eight dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 6, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 7, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock, Thursday. Fred A. Blake Fund CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 415. Ten blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, $8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 416. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems, 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 417. Pompons, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 418. Single varieties, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 419. Six Specimen plants, 10.00 8.00 6.00 No. 420. One Specimen plant, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 421. Display of Anemonies, 8 . 00 5 . 00 3 . 00 No. 422. Three vases. White, Pink, Yel- low. Twelve flowers in each, one variety in each vase, 10.00 7.00 4.00 SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS, covering 100 SQUARE FEET. No. 423. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, November 5. No. 424. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — 850.00 may be used for prizes. No. 425. For best table decorations, laid for four covers (no restrictions), 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 426. Fern Globes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— J. Basket, $7.00 5.00 3.00 * * * SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF FRUIT Held in connection with the Chrysanthemum exhibition. No. 427. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet to be shown as exhibitors may elect, $30.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 428. Fancy Basket of Apples, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 429. Fancy Basket of Pears, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES WILLIAM FAMES FUND A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 3, 1924. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1924. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facihty possible to those in search of horticultural information. COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward AY. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Lucy 1M. Coulson, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library jVIy Growing Garden, by Horace [McFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, by Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, by A. Glutton Brock. My Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Garden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, by S. F. Hamblin. Commercial Gardening, 4 Yols., by John Weathers. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and L'se, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, by A. F. Blakeslee. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, by ^I. G. Kains. American Gardens, by Guy Lowell. The Book of the Peony, by ^Irs. Edward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Robert B. Cridland. Nut Culturist, by Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, by H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. Waugh. Quince Culture, by W. W. ^Xleech. Trees, by William Solotaroff. Yegetable Garden, by Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, by John J. Thomas. Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Fertilizers, by John F. Yoorhees. Soil Fertility, by Alfred Yivian. The American Flower Garden, by Neltye Blanchan. The Beautiful Garden, by W. Robinson. Pruning ^lanual, b}' L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. M. Meyer. 19241 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 41 Alpine Flowers and Rock Gardens, by W. P. Wright. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, by W. R. Beattie. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. ^Market Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Landreth. Cabbage, Cauliflower and AUied Vegetables, by C. L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. Hexamer. ^lelon Culture, by James Troop. The A. B. C. of Potato Culture, by B. Terry Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green, ^lushroom Growing, by B. ]M. Duggar. Peach Culture, by Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Old-Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raj^mond Unwin. The Liveable Garden, by Ruth Dean. Vegetable Forcing, by Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberry in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design, by Hubbard & Kimball. The ^Mysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by C. F. Warren. Indian Corn Culture, by C. S. Plumb. Wheat Culture, by S. D. Curtis. The Book of Wheat, by Peter Tracy Dondhnger. The ^Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferinc Dominguez. ^lodern Fruit ^larketing, by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. How to Grow ^'egetables, b}' Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by Schuyler ]\Iathews. Tree Wounds and Diseases, by A. D. Webster. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lovell. The Small Place, by Elsa Rehmann. Name this Flower, by Gaston Bonnier. Color in ^ly Garden, by Louise Beck Wilder. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV [1924 The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey. The Apple, by Albert Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince von Puckler Aluskau. Forestry in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. The Book of Rarer Vegetables, hy George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Arnott. Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, by G. Kains. Backyard Garden, by Edward L. Farrington. Commercial Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose Annual, 1922. ^Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. The Romance of Our Trees, by Ernest H. Wilson. Plant Culture, b}^ George W. Oliver. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, by Helen R. Albee. Wild Flowers of New York, b}^ Homer D. House. Pages from a Garden Note-Book, by Mrs. Francis King. Conifers and Their Characteristics, by Coltman & Rogers. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by F. Schm'ler. Gladiolus, by Matthew Crawford. Applied Entomology, by H. T. Fernald. The Amateur's Book of the Dahlias, b}^ Mrs. Charles H. Stout. Gardening for Women, by Hon. Frances Wolseley. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard by E. D wight Sander- son and Leonard Clarion Peairs. Winter Sunshine, by John Burroughs. Wake-Robin, by John Burroughs. Locusts and Wild Hone}^ by John Burroughs. Plant Breeding, Grafting and Budding, Fruit Improvement, Small Fruits, Gardening, Useful Plants, Flowers, Trees, Biog- raphy Index, by Luther Burbank. Commercial Floriculture, by Fritz Bahr. Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits, by U. P. Hedrick. A Garden of Herbs, by E. S. Rodhe. Text-book of Pomolog}^ by J. H. Gourley. The Rose in America, by J. Horace ^vIcFarland. Trees as Good Citizens, by Charles L. Pack. The Fern Lover's Companion, by George Henry Tilton. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, by Robert Ridgway. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 16 and Saturday, September 20, 1924 in Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street Worcester, Massachusetts Saturday, August 16 Open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. L Not to exceed fifteen vases. $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PHLOX DRUMMONDIL— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, . 75 . 50 . 25 . 25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 WILD FLOWER.— No. 6. Not to exceed twenty vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 7. Vase of Flowers, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 8. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 BEETS.— No. 9. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 10. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 11. Two quarts, .75 .50 .25 .25 POTATOES.— No. 12. Twelve specimens, 1 00 .75 .50 .25 SW^EET CORN.— No. 13. Six ears, 1 00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 14. Six specimens, -75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 15. Six specimens, .75 .50 25 .25 CUCUMBERS.— No. 16. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 i 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 17. Not to exceed 15 vases, S2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 ASTERS.— No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 VERBENA.— No. 19. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 GLADIOLUS.— No. 20. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BALSA]\I.— No. 21. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WILD FLOWERS, — . No. 22. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 23. Vase of Flowers, 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 24. Not over 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 25. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 26. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 27. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 28. Two quarts, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 29. Two quarts, 1.00 .75. 50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 30. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TO^IATOES.— No. 31. Six specimens, 1.25 1 00 .75 .50 .25 cucumbers- No. 32. Three specimens, 1.00 .75. 50 .25 sum:mer squash.— No. 33. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .40 .25 Saturday, September 20 For Children under 14 No. 34. Display of flowers, not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CHINA PINKS.— No. 35. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CALENDULA.— No. 36. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIA.— No. 37. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 38. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 39. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 MARIGOLDS.— No. 40. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 41 . Not to exceed 20 vases, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 42. Vase of Flowers, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 43. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 44. Two quarts in pods, .75 .50 .25 .25 BEETS.— No. 45. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 46. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 47. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TOMATOES. - No. 48. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1924] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 49. Three specimens, SI. 00 .75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 50. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 51. Not to exceed 15 vases, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 PETUNIAS.— No. 52. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELOSIA.— No. 53. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIAS.— No. 54. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 PHLOX DRU^IMONDIL— No. 55. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— No. 56. One large vase, 1.00 .75 .50- .25 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 57. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 58. Vase of Flowers, 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 59. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .25 POTATOES.— No. 60. Twelve specimens, 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 61. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 62. Six specimens, 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 63. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 64. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1924 CABBAGE.— No. 65. Three specimens, $.75 .50 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 66. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CELERY.— No. 67. Three specimens, .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 68. Two quarts in the pod, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 ONION.— No. 69. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SPECIAL PRIZES OFFERED BY SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2.30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1924 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry- Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition Dahlia Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, March 20, 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, March 21, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 1, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, June 19, 3 to 9 p. m. July 10, 3 to 9 p. M. Saturday, August 16 and September 20 Thursday, August 14, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 11, 3 to 9 p.m. Thursday, September 18, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 9, 3 to 9 p. M. Thursday, November 6, 3 to 10 p. m. Friday, November 7, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday after- noons, open to the pubHc from 3 to 5.30 p. m. June 12, July 3, 31 ; August 7, 14; September 4, 18. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Edward W. Breed Hermann F. A. Lange Allen J. Jenkins H. Ward Moore Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Edward Warren Lucy M. Coulson Herbert A. Cook Leonard C. Midgley Sumner F. Chamberlain President, Myron F. Converse Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the year ending December 1, 1925 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1925 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS HERBERT A. COOK. Shrewsbur\-, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, xMass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street. LIBRARIAN Miss LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester trustees: Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Sumner F. Chamberlain Da%nd L. Fiske Allen J. Jenkins WilUam McAllister William E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Buckley Willis E. Gary Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Holden Grafton Shrewsbury Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain Richard A. Flagg Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood AlljTie W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harrv' I. Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Storj' Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Leonard C. Midglev, 1927 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1926 Harry I. Randall, 1925 Edward W. Breed, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary NOMINATING COMMITTEE Willis E. C&ry, 1926 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Mrs. Amy W. Smith Horace E. Sprague, 1927 WilUam Anderson Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange Charles Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Henrj' E. Kinney WilUam Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. ^Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Miss Frances C. Morse Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, MjTon F. Converse Harry C. Midgley Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson Allj-ne W. Hixon AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Sumner F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Of Flowers, Plants, etc.: All>-ne W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Fruits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Veget.^bles: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. ASSOCIATE JUDGE S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton MEDAL COMMITTEE President, MjTon F. Converse Herbert A. Cook ON WINTER MEETINGS M\Ton F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Sec£etary_ Leonard C. Midgley Albert H. Lange, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Burt W. Greenwood H. Ward Moore CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1925: Page President's Address ....... 5 Report of Secretary ....... 7 Report of Treasurer . . . . . . . 13 Report of Librarian . . . . . . . 15 Report of Finance Committee . . . . 17 Report of Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions . . 18 Report of Judge of Flowers and Plants .... 19 Report of Judge of Fruit ...... 20 Report of Judge of Vegetables ..... 21 WINTER MEETINGS FOR 1925: Thursday, January 22. Talk on Lilies and Perennials, by Edward W. Breed, Clinton, Mass. Thursday, January 29. Lecture — "Peonies," by Mr. A. P. Saunders, Clinton, New York Thursday, February 5. Lecture — "The Garden Book Shelf," by Mrs. Mary A. Baker, Fairhaven, Conn. Thursday, February 12. Lecture — ''Judging Fruit," by Mr. Albert R. Jenks, West Acton, Mass. Thursday, February 19. Lecture — "The New Market Garden Field Station," by Mr. Ray M. Koon, Waltham, Mass. Thursday, February 26. Lecture — "Small Fruits," by W. H. Darrow, Storrs, Conn. Thursday, March 5. Lecture — "Combinations of Perennials for Con- tinuous Bloom in the Garden," by Mrs. Elizabeth Leonard Strang, Leominster, Mass. Annual Reunion, March 26, 1925 Spring Exhibition, March 19 and 20 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the Officers and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The general purposes of this Society have been promoted with usual diligence by those to whom they have been entrusted during the past year. The last Annual Meeting was the first which we held in our present quarters and the work since has been conducted along lines described at that time. A detailed report of the various activities will be presented by the officers and committees in charge, and it is left for me simply to commend the zeal with which they have accomplished their tasks. Your officers have availed themselves of opportunities to visit and inspect the work of other organizations interested in similar lines of effort, which include conferences at the Amherst Agricultural College where the extension work was outlined. It is clearly evident that the College in this particular work is affording facilities for education unequalled in any other state in the Union. The Waltham Experiment Station has interested many of our members, and the Field Day last August was attended by a large group from this County. The New England Fruit Show conducted in Boston last October under the auspices of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society featured the apple growing industry as a particularly successful one in this section of the country. A number of our members exhibited and our Society contributed prize money to the success of the undertaking. Many private grounds and gardens have been visited during the season, and this activity should be especially encouraged in the future. It was through the courtesy of our fellow-member, Mr. William Anderson, that we visited the estate of Mrs. Bayard Thayer in Lancaster during the lilac season. This proved to be a rare treat. The mortgaged indebtedness of the Society has been reduced $24,000 during the past year (leaving only $4,000 to be paid. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY when both the Front Street and Elm Street properties will be free of debt) and marks the accomplishment of our two year program. This means that a new building is among the early possibilities, which will add much to the charm of the exhibits as well as lend convenience in conducting the work of the Society. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, President. December 2, 1925. SECRETARY'S REPORT To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Our winter meetings were arranged with the idea of practical lectures rather than popular ones, owing to limited space. On January 29 Mr. A. P. Saunders of Clinton, New York, gave a lecture on ''Peonies." This lecture was enjoyed not only from the very practical way Mr. Saunders presented the subject, but also because of the very interesting way he delivered it. He had many photographs of peonies. On February 5 Mrs. Mary A. Baker gave a talk on the '' Garden Book Shelf. " This was a practical talk on an interesting subject. On February 12 ''Judging Fruit", by Albert R. Jenks, West Acton, Mass. The lecturer considered the subject from many angles, speaking of a uniform standard for the fruit and judging from a uniform score card, but there were many advantages from judging by comparison. On February 19 "The New Market Garden Field Station" was described by Mr. Ray M. Koon. He spoke of the location, building, and some of the things that they hoped to do. The value of the station depends largely on the interest the growers take in their work. On February 28 Mr. W. H. Darrow, Storrs, Conn, spoke on "Small Fruits. " He showed manj^ fields of small fruits, some large and some small, and spoke of the different methods of growing and varieties. On March 5 Mrs. Elizabeth Leonard Strang gave a lecture on the " Combination of Perennials for the Garden. " She talked very interestingly on a continual showing of flowers, and de- scribed many combinations, some of them unique. The Annual Reunion was held on March 26. This was our first one at our new home and was a very pleasant gathering. There were two very interesting subjects presented. Treasurer Greenwood told of the purchasing of our new home and how it had been paid for during the year; and the mortgage was then 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY burned by Mr. David L. Fiske. The other was reminiscences by Mr. Harry Worcester Smith, who was born in our new home. In arranging the schedule for the year's exhibitions it was with the knowledge that we did not have so much room as the Society had in our Front Street property. And for that reason it was thought best to have more exhibitions, so that we might continue to have as many exhibits and not be too crowded. I feel that we have made progress and that the exhibitions have as a whole been very satisfactory. It is not probable that it will ever be possible to make up a schedule in early December for the next year and have every date just right, as many of our exhibits are only in their prime for a few days, not nearly so long as the variations in their maturing. When we hold exhibitions, as we did the past summer and fall, every week with the exception of that of the New England Fair, from June 11 to October 15, inclusive, we are pretty sure of getting some good specimens, even if they do not come when called for. At many of our exhibitions the competition on flowers has been keen and there have been large entries. In the fruit and vegetable classes there have not been such large entries or as close competition, as a whole, and many calls have not been entirely filled. I am very sorry to note in this connection that Mr. Elliott Moore, who has been an exhibitor in these classes for many years, has sold his farm and gone to Florida, where he expects to make his home. While his exhibits will be missed through the whole fruit and vegetable classes, they will be especially so in the displays of fruit and vegetables, and at the exhibitions of strawberries, where he has shown berries of the finest quality for many years. We have had some new exhibitors and we hope that they will continue with us. There is a feeling with some of our exhibitors that it would be better to make calls in such a way as to make the exhibits more uniform, and this should be so when there are calls for a definite quantity or number. I should be sorry to have this WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 9 applied to any of our larger displays or groups. These are interesting and instructive, not only as exhibits but as showing each exhibitor's individuality. New Members Mr. Edward P. Sumner Mr. Andrew G. Stanhope Mr. Arthur E. Gra\'es Mr. Charles H. Banister Miss Ethel A. Hatch Mr. Frederick Coulson Mr. Allen W. Hixon Mr. Arthur P. Rugg, Jr. Mrs. Janet C. Townsend Dr. Alson H. Gleason Miss Katherine V. Parker Mrs. Louise Warren Miss Isabel C. Perkins Deceased Members Mr. E. Baxter Johnson Mr. John Yanchoukoski Mr. George W. Knowlton Mrs. Fannie B. Workman Mr. George Calvin Rice Mr. Henry Lo\t:ll Mrs. Mary A. M. Green Mrs. Lillian Carter Mr. Ellery B. Crane Charles W. Wood Mrs. Ida I. Wheeler Mr. Warren C. Jewett Respectfully submitted, Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1924 Annual Meeting of the Society. Meeting called to order at 10.15 a. m. by President Myron F. Converse; 33 present. Reports of Officers and Committees. President, MjTon F. Converse. Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney. Treasurer, Burt W. Greenwood. Librarian, Lucy M. Coulson. Finance Committee, Myron F. Converse. Arrangement and Exhibition Committee, Albert H. Lange. Judge of Flowers and Plants, Allyne W. Hixon. Judge of Fruits, Herbert A. Cook. Judge of Vegetables, H. Ward Moore. Medal Committee, Albert H. Lange. 'lO WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICTJLTURAL SOCIETY These reports were approved and referred to the committee on pubUcation. Report of the Nominating Committee, Allen J. Jenkins. This report was accepted. Mr. H. Ward Moore made a motion that the Secretary cast one ballot for the candidates as nominated. So voted. The Secretary cast the ballot and the President declared the candidates elected. Treasurer Burt W. Greenwood presented the following letter: Worcester County Horticultural Society: ' ' I inclose my check for $500 to your Society to be one of your Permanent Funds, the income to be expended in premiums for flowers. I should like to have this called the Frances Clary Morse Fund. Sincerely yours, Frances Clary Morse. December 1, 1924. On Mr. Leonard Midgley's motion the President and Secretary were instructed to appropriately recognize the donation. Mr. H. Ward Moore made a motion that the recommendation of the Finance Committee recommending appropriating $6,500 for premiums and salaries be accepted and adopted. So voted. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1924 Annual Meeting of the Trustees. Meeting called to order at 2 p. m. by President Myron F. Converse, with twenty-two present. After the reading of the call and report of the last Annual Meeting of the Trustees, Mr. Lange made a motion that Miss Frances C. Morse be put on the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions in the place of Herman F. A. Lange. So voted. The Secretary spoke of the advantage of having an extra judge and recommended S. Lothrop Davenport as such. Mr. Allen J. Jenkins made a motion that Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport be elected associate judge. So voted. On Mr. Leonard C. Midgley's motion the committees were elected. (See officers and Committees.) Mr. Midgley for the Finance Committee recommended the following appropriations: Premiums — Flowers $1,800, Fruits WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 11 $1,200, Vegetables S900, Children's Exhibitions $250; Salaries- Treasurer $250, Secretary $600, Librarian $900, Judges $300. Mr. Charles Greenwood moved that the recommendations be accepted and adopted. So voted. On Mr. Jenkins' motion $1,500 was voted for Publications, Winter Meetings and Periodicals. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1924 Committee on Winter Meetings. A number of subjects for our meetings were considered, and the Secretary was instructed to arrange a program along the lines suggested. Meetings to start January 15 and continue every Thursday to and including March 5. Banquet to be held March 12. Spring Exhibition to be March 19 and 20. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1924 Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Committee called to order at 1.30 p. m. by Mr. Albert H. Lange. Mr. Lange was elected chairman. After quite general discussion it was decided to have the Spring Show on March 19 and 20, a new show on April 16, and the May Exhibition the fourteenth. Beginning June 11 exhibitions every week to and including October 15, with the exception of September 10, which is New England Fair week. All exhibitions to be open from 3 to 9 p. m. The increase in appropriations of flowers and fruit made it possible to add some new premiums and increase some of the others. The principal reason for increasing the number of exhibitions was to have room to show to better advantage. 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY TUESDAY, JANUARY 6, 1925 Meeting of the Library Committee. All members present. There were quite a number of books considered and the Librarian was instructed to purchase severaL WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 1925 Finance and Advisory Committee. Meeting called to order at 2 p. m. by President Converse. He said that the meeting was called to consider a proposition Mr. Breed had to offer. Mr. Breed said that he had some talk with Mr. George Jepp- son, who said that he had a piece of some two and a half or three acres of land at the Lake that he would like to dispose of. There were some nice trees and shrubs and a building on the land. Mr. Lange said that he was well acquainted with this property and he hardly thought that it was anything the Society could use to any advantage. Mr. Estabrook said that several years ago Mr. L. Bill had an idea that Boynton Farm might be interesting property for the Society. After quite general discussion it was decided to take no action. President Converse spoke about the coming New England Fruit Show. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary. TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 2, 1925 Statement of Income and Expenditures Income Rent: Hall Rooms Lease Permanent funds : Dewey Eames Hadwen Blake Membership fees: 5 women 8 men Interest: Earned on Perma- nent Fimds Other interest Winter meetings: Sale of tickets Gifts for prizes: M. K. Gage H. R. Kinney F. C. Morse $1,765.50 1,250.00 35,599.92 $38,615.42 $57.12 24.00 71.00 212.00 $15.00 40.00 $238.86 282.77 $46.00 44.50 26.00 Unclaimed premiums, 1923 Frances C. Morse Fund Total Cash balance, Dec. 3, 1924 364.12 55.00 521.63 148.50 116.50 .25 500.00 $40,321.42 751.31 $41,072.73 Expenditures Library : Book account Winter meetings Publications Periodicals Premiums : 1925 Special Children's Blake Fund Hadwen Fund Morse Fund Eames Fund $57.12 535.03 872.75 84.40 $3,662.25 195.50 187.60 212.00 71.00 26.00 24.00 Expense of exhibitions Salaries Judges Interest Insurance Taxes and assessments Maintenance, furniture and fixtures Maintenance, real estate Light, heat and water Janitor service Library expense Operating expense Miscellaneous expense Ofl&ce expense Income added to investments Income added to Permanent Funds income account Investment of Frances C. Morse Fund Mortgage notes Refund excess rent Furniture and fixtures 4,378.35 221.81 1,750.00 300.00 1,087.80 285.90 1,566.88 26.27 143.60 946.59 1,156.50 10.40 96.94 205.27 215.39 238.03 238.86 500.00 24,000.00 900.00 128.00 Total Cash balance, Dec. 2, 1925 $39,945.89 $41,072.73 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Membership fees $55.00 Unexpended balances of appropriations : Children' s exhibits $62 . 40 Premiums 137.75 Income from Permanent funds Rent: Hall $1,765.50 Rooms 1,250.00 Lease 34,699.92 Unclaimed premiums 200.15 364.12 37,715.42 .25 $38,334.94 Losses Appropriations Interest Special premiums Light, heat, water Janitor service Expense of exhibitions $221 . 81 Office expense 215 .39 Operating expense 96 . 94 Miscellaneous expense 205 . 27 Library expense 10 . 40 Maint. of furn. and fix. $26 . 27 Maint. of real estate 143 . 60 Winter meetings Insurance Taxes and assessments Publications Periodicals Net gain to surplus $6,100.00 805.03 412.00 946.59 1,156.60 749.81 169.87 386.53 285.90 1,566.88 872.76 84.40 $13,536.26 24,798.68 $38,334.94 Statement of Resources and Liabilities Resources Permanent funds investment : Fitchburg Sav. Bk. $1,303.91 People's Sav. Bk. 1,298 . 38 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. Bk. 342 . 78 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. Bk. 601 . 22 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. Bk. 511 . 25 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. 1,159 . 25 $5,216.79 Investments : Wor. Co. Ins. Svgs. $1,462 . 06 Wor. Five Ct. Sav. 1,949 . 95 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. 2,058 . 10 Real estate Furniture and fixtures Library Cash 5,470.11 200,000.00 5,128.00 3,812.99 1,126.84 $220,754.73 Liabilities Blake Fund principal $1,000.00 Blake Fund income 303 . 91 Dewey Fund principal 1,000.00 Dewey Fund income 159.25 Edward Draper principal 300 . 00 Edward Draper income 42 . 78 Eames Fund principal 500 . 00 Eames Fund income 101 . 22 Hadwen Fund principal 1,000. 00 Hadwen Fund income 298 . 38 Morse Fund principal 500 . 00 Morse Fund income 11 . 25 $5,216.79 Mortgage loan 4,000.00 Reserve to extinguish right of way 500 . GO Surplus bal. 12/3/24 $186,239.26 Net gain, 1925 24,798.68 211,037.94 $220,754.73 Respectfully submitted, Burt W. Greenwood, Treasurer. Worcester, Mass., December 2, 1925. We, the undersigned. Auditors of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, have examined the accounts and vouchers of the Treasurer of the Society, for the year ending December 2, 1925, and found them correct, and the balances deposited as stated. H. Ward Moore Arthur H. Bellows Harry C. Midgley LIBRARIAN'S REPORT To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: This year, unlike previous years, it is a pleasure to report greater patronage of the reading room and the books of our library. Much of the increased use of the library I place at the door of our weekly exhibitions, the increased interest adding to interest in literature pertaining to subjects along these lines. Many who have not heretofore availed themselves of our facilities have come to know us better, and this is especially true of our newer members and the younger members also. I would respectfully call the attention of all to the magazines available for reference in our reading room, also additions to our library during the past year, as noted in the schedule. The additions to the library during the year just closed will be found in the list herewith given. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Memoirs, 75, 80, 84, 91, 93, 94; Bulletins, 429, 433, 435, 436, 440; Extension Bulletins, 94^102, 104, 107, 112-115, 119, 123, 125-128; Junior Extension BuUetin, 14; Rural School Leaflet, 2-4. Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, 292. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletins, 125, 126, 128, 129. Field Museum of Natural History Report Series, No. 4, Vol. VI. Botanical Series, No. 3, Vol. IV. Garden Notes on Peonies, from Lee R. Bonnewitz. The American Annual Rose Society, 1925. The English Annual Rose Society, 1925. Report of the Connecticut Vegetable Growers Association for 1924. United States Department of Agriculture, Report, 1925. The Little Garden for Little Money, by Kate L. Brewster. The Food Supply of New England, by Arthur W. Gilbert. The Practical Book of Outdoor Flowers, by Richardson Wright. Roses for All Climates, by George C. Thomas. American Landscape Architecture, by P. H. Elwood, Jr., A. S. L. A. Manual of Tree and Shrub Insects, by E. P. Felt. America's Greatest Garden, by E. H. Wilson. The Principles of Flower Arrangement, by E. A. White. Flowers for Cutting and Decoration, by Richardson Wright. The Flower Beautiful, by Clarence Moores Weed. Publication and Periodicals Country Life in America House and Garden The Garden Magazine Guide to Nature Rhodora The American City 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The New England Homestead The Rural New Yorker Country Gentleman American Florist Horticulture Florist's Exchange Gardener's Chronicle, American Park and Cemetery The Modem Gladiolus Journal American Poultry Journal, donated by Mr. H. P. Pettibone Market Growers Journal American Forestry The National Geographic Magazine Journal of Economic Entomology Garden English Publications Gardening Gardener's Chronicle November 30, 1925. Respectfully submitted, Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian. FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Officers and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The duties of your Finance Committee are concerned primarily with the care of the Society's property. By reason of a lease in the entirety of the Front Street property your Committee has been reHeved of care in connection there- with. At Elm Street we find a most convenient home for tem- porary quarters, but nothing aside from ordinary maintenance has been undertaken. The results of our efforts are best disclosed in the Treasurer's Report, which indicates that soon we may attain our ambition — a new building dedicated to the purposes of the Society. Your Finance Committee recommends that this meeting appropriate the sum of $6,500 for salaries and premiums, the same to be disbursed as the Board of Trustees may determine. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse Leonard C. Midgley Herbert W. Estabrook Finance Committee. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Mr, President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: It gives us pleasure to report a very successful year. The quality of the exhibits was equal, if not better than last year, with the possible exception of fruit. The attendance at our exhibitions showed that the people really interested will climb the hill. At times the capacity of the halls was taxed, both for the exhibits and the attendance. There are a few changes in the schedule which should be made, and these will be proposed at the proper time. There seems to be some little dissatisfaction on awards by the judge of flowers, centered mostly on table decorations. Probably this will come up at the Trustees Meeting. The matter of suitable vases and baskets to stage the various exhibits needs action at once, and we trust that the Trustees will vote for an adequate appropriation for this purpose. In conclusion we would say that the committee can report a very successful year, and wishes to thank the people who helped us out on some of the rush hours. Miss Coulson and Secretary Kinney were always on the job. For the Committee, A. H. Lange. REPORT OF JUDGE OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Our spring exhibition opened with exhibits in every class, except orchids and violets, it being a very creditable show. The April show would have been very small had it not been for table decorations, there being six very good tables. At the show in May all classes were represented except hya- cinths and geraniums. There were five fine pansy displays. In our June shows all classes were represented except azaleas, rhododendrons and begonias. From then on, as you know, our shows were held every week, there being some very fine displays of cut flowers and baskets. The table decorations were of special note this year, there being a number of new exhibitors. Zinnias seemed to be very popular this year, there being twelve entries on August 6 and eight displays on August 20. Dahlias were shown in large quantities and were of the very best. I also want to speak of the very excellent show of tuberous- rooted begonias. Asters were very plentiful and of good quality. Display of pottery with flower arrangement was one of our new calls, and met with favor. Wild fruit and berries were also a new call, in which five very good displays were shown. Our exhibitions closed with a very fine chrysanthemum show, as well as some splendid displays of plants and flowers. The appropriation for this year was $1,800, being the largest appropriation ever offered by the Society, of which $1,792 was spent. Respectfully submitted, Allyne W. Hixon. REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT The season of 1925 has been normal with few exceptions. The small fruits were late in ripening, but peaches, pears, apples and grapes came on schedule time. The dry weather in August and September caused Mcintosh apples to drop badly, and late apples to ripen earlier than usual. The show of fruit has been of excellent quality. The exhibitors are taking more care in selecting the fruit. There have been very fine displays and collections of fruit, which were a credit to our shows. Our exhibitors are improving in their line of exhibits. Our shows have gained in the number of exhibits the past two years, and more premiums and prizes have been awarded during this year than before. Respectfully submitted, Herbert A. Cook. REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: As judge of vegetables I hereby submit my report for the year 1925: The different classes have, as a whole, been better filled this year than they were last year and we have had several new ex- hibitors. This is a very encouraging feature of our exhibitions and one that we will do well to keep on encouraging. Every new exhibitor is but another proof of the increase of our usefulness as a society. The spring exhibition was the one noticeable exception, but this only shows that there are fewer exhibitors who make a practice of storing vegetables for the winter. The displays of vegetables shown during the year have been exceptionally good, proving the value of this call. The displays from home gardens also drew some excellent showings. One of the most remarkable exhibits of the year was that of the blue Hubbard squashes on October 18. It was, without excep- tion, the best exhibition of these squashes I have ever seen. After awarding liberal prizes for nearly all the vegetables shown outside the regular classes called for in the premium list, there was an unexpended balance of the amount offered in our schedule of about S90. This offers a good chance for still more exhibitors. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore. MEDALS, 1925 Hadwen Medal — Dr. A. P. Saunders, Clinton, New York. Seedling peonies. (June 25, 1925.) Hadwen Medal — Dr. J. Frank Cooper, Worcester, Mass. Gladiolus, Collection, Varieties not Disseminated. (August 13, 1925.) For the Committee, A. H. Lange. THURSDAY, JANUARY 22 Extemporaneous Talk. ''The Regal Lily" By Mr. Edward W. Breed, Clinton, Mass. Years ago Professor Wilson discovered this lily in China, brought it to this country and developed it successfully. The Regal Lily has perfect hardiness and is very prolific. Mr. Joseph Perry of Highland Street, Worcester, planted a single bulb five years ago, and now has one of the best showings of the lily in the city. The Regal Lily is easily raised from seed. Lilies from the seed flower the second year, or in from sixteen to eighteen months in some cases. Use a leafy soil and plant in the ground. Do not use animal manure as it does not agree with this plant. In the fall cover with ordinary mulch. The time of flowering is usually the flrst of July. The Lilium Candidum or Madonna Lily is graceful and has a delightful perfume. It must be planted early, in the fall if possible. It is always pretty in connection with the delphinium, which flowers at the same time. Lilium Auratum is always appreciated, but is not vigorous, and has not the lasting quality of some others. Delphinium is an important part of any garden on account of its beauty with lihes. Lilies and peonies are a good combination. The space between the peonies may be occupied by lilies, and the peony foliage makes a good and effective background for the lilies. Japanese iris is an interesting plant. Flowers should be cut in the bud state so they will open in the house, if desired for decoration. Phlox, delphinium, iris and lihes are the four leading flowers in every perennial garden. Baby's breath is good for bouquets. Anchusa is a blue flower of beautiful shades, and flowers early. It is not a good flower for cutting, yet it is fine for a garden. Sweet William, particularly the pink variety, Canterbury bells, and foxglove are good for a garden. Fall asters continue through two or three months of the season, and so are very desirable. 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Viola belongs to the tufted variety, is quite hardy, and flowers during the summer. If cut back early in the summer it will flower clear up to frost. In the preparation of a perennial garden one cannot be too particular. It should have good drainage at the start, have good decayed dressing, and be thoroughly worked over. The ground should be prepared in the fall for spring planting. Several varieties of perennials like a little shade. Peonies and lilies will stand a little shade. In covering a perennial garden it is desir- able to wait until after a little frost, that it may be kept from thawing after it is frozen. The best mulch is a well-decayed dressing. Place on top of the garden pine boughs or straw to catch the snow, and keep the garden in an even condition. Au- gust and September is the time for setting peonies. Hollyhocks are of a pithy nature and do not ripen well in the fall. It is better to plant new ones every year. THURSDAY, JANUARY 29 Lecture. ''Peonies" By Mr. A. P. Saunders, Clinton, N. Y. The peony is one of the finest of all garden plants, if not the finest of all hardy perennials. It is freer from disease than most plants. The rose, although perhaps more beautiful, is scarce in its hybrid form, and so not at all in competition with the peony. Detractors of the peony claim for it a short season, which argument has little sense. We should not be satisfied with fewer than six weeks for the garden peony. The difficulty with ama- teurs and gardeners is that they restrict themselves to the com- monly-called Chinese Peony, and this is a great mistake. There are four or five garden species of the peony from which all garden forms have been developed. The plant originated in China where it grew wild. In the remotest times China had its peony gardens. It began with the single red flower, then it began to develop into various forms, into the semi-double, and finally the double form was perfected. This herbaceous type of the plant dies to the ground every year. The tree peony, two or three feet in height, is of woody growth, shrubby and not herbaceous. This type has suffered from unmerited neglect at our hands; for it is far more beautiful than the Chinese variety, although more difficult to grow. When once established, this tree peony requires practically no care. It may be left in a garden for from twenty-five to fifty years, practically undisturbed. The exact limit of age for this plant has not been determined. In Ontario a great peony horticulturist has a cutting of a hundred blooms from a single plant. It was set in the garden in 1846, and has never been moved from there. Some tree peonies are non-bloomers, so grafting on them or herbaceous roots is unsatisfactory. It is best to develop on own seedling. Some seasons have good ger- 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY mination, and others very poor. The seed of 1924 germinates in the spring of 1926. Great patience is required for the growing of peonies. The Chinese peony is the biggest and most popular. It is a good kind and should be grown in every garden; but we should by no means be satisfied to grow only this type and hope to know anything about the peony. Grow the tree peony from seed. We have to turn to different species in order to extend the season. In 1800 a new species turned up, discovered by Lemoines in France. The Witmaniana, a creamy white or light yellow, is the earliest of all forms except the little fern leaf peony which ap- pears about the middle of May. Lemoines crossed the Chinese peony with the Witmaniana and produced some of the most curious effects ever. Le Printemps is a very beautiful plant, but has frail blossoms which last only a couple of days. Mr. Farr of Pennsylvania, now deceased, was the former presi- dent of the Peony Society. The Farr Nursery Co. of Pennsyl- vania is still famous in these parts. The mountains of southern China grow a yellow peony whose yellow has a perfect permanence. The Chinese peony runs from white through the creams, yellow, flesh, to rose, deep red and mahogany crimson. Cherry and copper pinks are known, but not the pure pale pink shade, as yet. Two of the best peonies of today are the Milton Hill and Grandiflora. Therese has the most varieties. Lady Alexandra Duff is one of the brightest. This costs from eight to ten dollars a piece. Many peonies cost from twenty-five to fifty dollars. As yet the price has not exceeded one hundred dollars. Long- fellow and Mary Brand are good for dark red flowers; and the Adolph Rousseau for the mahogany. Le Pere is a beautiful pale lavender. Lift and reset peonies that do not grow; perhaps cut up and make three or four out of one. Mistakes are made in setting them too high or setting the crown too low. Considerable thought is required in setting peonies, and this people often fail to do. Dig the subsoil to one and a half feet, and have rich soil for food. Do not pile manure against the crown. Peony plants never die if they are half properly treated. Usually no decent provision is made for their root system. Massachusetts WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 27 has done very well with this plant. Do not put new plants where old have been. Leave two or three leaves on the stem, then we may cut all the blooms. Peonies rejoice in shade but they hate tree roots. They need a little sun. Delicate types and shades should always be cut in the bud state and allowed to develop indoors. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5 Lecture. "The Garden Book Shelf" By Mrs. Mary A. Baker, Fairhaven, Conn. Garden literature is divided into three classes: magazines, books and catalogues. There are not so many good magazines on this subject as on others, yet there are a convenient number. ''The Garden Magazine" heads the list. The illustrations are always fine and helpful. ''The Home and Garden" is a good one. Eight of the twenty articles treat of the garden. "Horti- culture Illustrated," edited at Horticultural Hall in Boston, is extremely helpful. This Society offers unusual terms in member- ship and opportunity for availing members of the use of the library. The "Fruit, Garden and Home" is an interesting publication. "The Flower Garden" is a popular magazine with many gar- deners. Le Prades "Floral Garden" is printed on cheap paper and the illustrations are grotesque, yet the magazine is bene- ficial. The "Nature Magazine" is good for a family of children, for it is one delight in the beauties of nature. The "Woman's Home Companion" has a Companion Garden Club with Miss Grace Tabor at the head. This is of great help to the amateur gardener, as much plain advice is given in it. Other valuable literature on the subject is "The Garden Chronicle," "Landscape and Architecture," "The American Garden," and "The House Garden." There are so many garden books that it is a question of pick- ing the best. The "Essays of Lord Francis Bacon," 1587, advise that there be gardens for all seasons of the year. In them he plans much as we are doing today for our gardens. "The Rose in America"; "Getting Acquainted with Trees"; "My Grown Garden," are all well-read books. ]Manj^ books on the garden have been written by Mrs. Helena Rutherford Ely. The popular book entitled "Ehzabeth and Her German Gar- dens" deals with the subject. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 29 "The Garden Blue Book" has 150 pictures of perennials. "The Garden Guide" covers every point of interest. "Garden Memories" was new last year. "The Joyous Art of Gardening" is a good book. "My Garden" and "The Color in my Garden," by Louise B. Wilder, furnish excellent material. Catalogues teach many things of use to the garden enthusiast. The Whites of Minneapolis and Ralph Huntington of Ohio have good catalogues and good seed. The Cherry Hill Nurseries of West Newburyport have the best stock of peonies in the country. The Burbank catalogue of Santa Rosa, California, is a good one. The Jo Smith catalogue of Long Branch, Washington, is a bi- monthly, a sort of federation of catalogue and newspaper. George Barber of Portland, Oregon, and Hicks of Long Island get out fine catalogues. The Glen Road Iris catalogue of Wellesley is used by many. J. K. Alexander has the best one on the dahlia. Other useful catalogues are sent out by Gregory of Marblehead, Farquhar of Dedham, and Edgar Darling of New Bedford. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 12 Lecture. Judging Fruit" By Mr. Albert R. Jenks, West Acton, Mass. The valuable type of criticism is that given right after the fruit has been judged, while it is still on the plate. There had been no really big fruit show in New England for several years until the attempt in Boston last October and November. In past years there was larger competition, and the aim was to increase the quaUty of fruit. Not so much was thought of prizes in money as nowadays. The amount of fruit shown during the war was at a low ebb, owing partly to the lack of money. Since the war the attitude has been a rather indifferent one. The wise move seems to be to increase the value of premiums, and thereby increase the in- terest in exhibitions. We must reimburse the exhibitor for time and labor put into exhibiting, so far as possible. We must raise the ideals of the fruit displays, and have a standard of judging, which is not now the case. Leslie R. Smith of the state department approves of getting judges from all over the state into one school that there may be agreement in details. There is hope of having such a school during this coming fruit show. There should be accredited judges, all with the same ideals. The need of honesty must be looked into, as a pitiful condition exists at shows at the present time. This is rather general all over the state. The intention is not always a dishonest one, either, for many judge this way with the good intention of spreading prizes to keep up interest. The result, however, is a thoroughly dishonest one, no matter what the intention. Uniformity in ideals and scoring must be acquired. It is suggested that judges be kept in entire ignorance of the owners of exhibits. We must eliminate the factors of having cards for individuals alike, also the same form of penmanship, or like clews. Judges must be unhampered. They must be furnished with a sufficient place to work, which will be void of people. They should give a public demonstration and talk on the judging of the fruit, should show the reasons for the decision by discus- sing certain plates. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 31 Score cards are an important factor. Printed blanks are used. The form is regular and typical for the variety, as deemed best for the fruit. Oversized and undersized fruit was scored down at the New England Fruit Show. A standard for the form of fruit was adopted after careful study some years ago; and here we have been using that schedule. The eating quality of over- sized fruit is not so good. The undersized is better so far as taste goes. Size is now often given in the schedule of prizes. Regarding color, depth and attractiveness, and ground of under-color are considered. Coloring depends greatly upon the conditions under which the fruit has been grown. Over-coloring is important. The matter of blush is often brought up, but is perhaps quite largely ignored at the present time. Uniformity must be insisted upon. The whole number of pears or apples shown should be even in every way regarding color, size and the like. Never show different types in the same entry. Quality comprises texture, flavor, juiciness, aroma, and every- thing pleasing to the palate. Prizes are often given on the matter of quality. It can usually be told by looking at an apple what its quality is. There must be freedom from blemishes. Scale is looked for first. There is a feeling around here that an entry with scale should be disqualified. The loss of stem is a serious matter. The stem should be on the apple. Many people hold over sum- mer fruit for fall and winter entries, with a result that some are badly bruised or damaged in other waj^s. Insect injuries go strongly against the apple, as does also fly-speck fungus. Pits from the apple scab also disqualify. The Roxbury Russet seems to be coming back. In judging a Roxbury Russet, the russet, and not the green type, should be considered. It is fair to be lenient with a broken stem, but in a close contest it is necessary to be more particular. In all fruit contests more emphasis should be given to standard varieties. The Northern Spy is one of the best apples. Wealthy is a high quality apple and has a filler advantage. Rhode Island Greening is of great commercial merit. Delicious, if grown well, is of good commercial value. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19 Lecture. **The New Market Garden Field Station" By Mr. Ray M. Koon, Waltham, Mass. Massachusetts Agricultural College is situated where the market garden is not central, so the Experiment Station was established at Lexington. This was not an ideal location, as the loam was poor. Experiments in soil fertilization, seed trials and variety tests were unfair there, so the station was moved to Waltham. Miss Cornelia Warren of Waltham willed to Massachusetts Agricultural College sixty acres with the buildings thereon. With the aid of the market gardeners of the state it was finally granted that the Lexington property be sold, and that the station take up new quarters in Waltham. The old plant brought $25,000, which sum was used for reestablishing at Waltham. The estate contained many buildings, two of which had to be wrecked for space. The Socony oil heating sj^stem is used at the plant. The large greenhouse contains eight compartments. The Field Station control is unique. Mr. William Haskell and Professor Wall are the advisory committee. The working force consists of a pathologist, who deals with vegetable dis- eases; and a research man who deals with seed or variety im- provement, and the growing of the greenhouse crop under arti- ficial light. The field man takes care of the general correspond- ence. He is greatly interested in the European corn borer. He plans demonstrations. Projects are called demonstrations when they are out of the experimental stage. A probable con- trol is being found for the cabbage maggot. Celery blight may be controlled even after the blight has started by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. Vegetable growers of the state should be grateful, for this station, where deep research is made along their lines, and valuable criticism given in all cases. Bulletins on all garden subjects are furnished. The station is located at 240 Beaver Street, Waltham, on the Cornelia Warren estate. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 33 A fine diabetic garden is seen at the station. Dr. Norton of Washington had a bad case of diabetes and was not expected to live. He made a thorough study of the things he could eat, and live on, and decided that a vegetable diet was the probable solu- tion. He grew in his garden everything good for such a case, followed the diet, and is now in good health. The vegetables in such a garden contain no sugar. Boston hospitals a year ago fed their patients much on vegetables from the diabetic garden. Vegetable producers of the state are taking care of production well. The problem is for a better market. A plan of advertising similar to that of the Boston Market Gardeners' Association would be good. A study of market methods employed by com- petitors is necessary. The committee on advertising is striving for increased consumption of locally grown produce. It might encourage people to buy if the goods were sold under a trade name, and bear the trade mark. The name suggested for this purpose is the Vita Vigor Vegetables, this being for graded goods only. Other means of advertising are indirect newspaper adver- tisements, motion pictures, vegetable stories in schools and on the radio, recipe books, daily market reports by wireless and general propaganda. The committee on grades consists of three men of experience. Great discussion has taken place, but only two vegetables have been accepted as yet, the cucumber and tomato. The contents of the box must be the same from the bottom to the top. Cu- cumbers must be uniform in size and shape. Other vegetables have been discussed at length, and similar standards for them will be proposed at the next meeting. Thirty-four states send vegetables into Massachusetts. Last year, 972 car loads of cabbage; 408 of celery; 837 of lettuce and 1,133 of tomatoes were shipped into the Boston markets. Mas- sachusetts produces only 18 per cent of all vegetables consumed in this state. It may be necessary to have a state label placed on all home-grown produce. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26 Lecture. ''Small Fruits" By Mr. W. H. Darrows, Storrs, Ck)nn. Strawberries Everybody should plant at least a few strawberries, but the site should be selected more carefully. Strawberries require quite a fertile soil. Avoid selecting too steep a slope. Slides showed farms on which strawberry plants are grown for sale. Many farmers sell as high as $1,000 worth of plants from an acre. Views were shown of large nursery rows in the spring, the digging and preparation for shipment. Old leaves are picked off, and bundles of twenty-five, usually, are made. After plants arrive they should be heeled in unless they can be planted immediately. If not set deep enough the crown will dry up. It should be level with the surface of the ground. Pictures described the planting of strawberries by machine, with men following to tramp the dirt with their feet. It is necessary to trample the soil about strawberry roots. Rows run in both directions that plants may be cultivated both ways for a month after planting. This is the method used by some of the Connecticut farmers. In this way no hand hoeing is required for a month or six weeks. A few years ago variety tests were made in Connecticut. In different parts of the state diverse varieties were set out and experiments made to keep off rust. The first choice proved to be Howard 17, and the Sample came second in success. The next year the jdeld record was obtained. Howard 17 came first and the Sample second in every case. These are the heaviest yielders. Howard 17 represents 75% of Connecticut. Sometimes the first year it is possible to intergrow crops with strawberries. Lettuce is good for the purpose. The Chesapeake variety pays under irrigation, but many varieties do not. Not much irrigating is done in Connecticut. Mr. Plant of Branford is the largest grower of the Howard 17 and the Chesapeake. Many growers are apt to let the rows get too wide, as eighteen WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 35 inches or two feet. The higher quality of berry comes from the twelve or fifteen inch row. Most strawberries in Connecticut are grown in the matted row system. Strawberries cannot be grown very well without mulching in the fall. It keeps them from freezing and helps in every way. Rye straw is the best covering; but buckwheat straw or pine needles may be used for this purpose. Mulch should be put on after the first good hard freezing in the fall. Rows at 3 to 3 feet, two feet apart in the row is good for the Howard 17, and for the Sample. Some require to be set twelve inches apart in the row. Italians are good fruit growers. They specialize in straw- berries, peaches and grapes. Most growers pull mulch off and leave it in rows in the spring. They do not cultivate or return the mulch. As a rule they plant a new garden each spring. For home gardens it is all right to use the plot several seasons. The large grower finds it convenient to plough and get new plants each season. Some growers reset old plants if they are in good condition, but otherw^ise buy new ones. Raspberries Various varieties then used by nurserymen were tested out in Connecticut; and the best proved to be the Cuthbert, St. Regis and Latham. Cuthbert and Latham are of the first class. Per- fection is good for an early variety. Columbia is the best purple raspberry. In New York the Newman is indicated by tests as a fine variety, and this berry is now being introduced all over the state. It has out-yielded even the Latham. In Con- necticut, however, the Latham proved to be the best yielder. Newman is practically immune to disease, and the St. Regis and Latham are almost so, too. If crown gall sets in, dig up the plants and reset with new plants. Mosaic is another disease to contend with. It pays to buy the best stock from nurserymen. Victory red raspberry is apparently a vigorous strain of the Cuthbert. La France has not proved good, so far. Raspberries may be grown as an intercrop between apple trees. One black raspberry grower propagates plants from a one-year field, in this way getting them free from disease. He keeps fields for three or four years, having new ones coming on all the time. Not 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY many use the hill sj^stem of training raspberries. On the Pacific coast wire is used for the purpose. Many of our growers use the matted rows. Other Berries Blackberries require the same care and training as raspberries. The Snyder is the best yielder. Currents and gooseberries should have a thinning out, all the old wood removed. Grapes In New Haven County, Connecticut, more grapes are grown than in the whole state of Massachusetts. Most are pruned to the four-cane Kniffen system, wire being used. Upper canes are left a little longer than the lower, as growth tends toward the top. The Italians are great grape growers. They prune in the Italian way, which is more work than our system, but they get very good results. THURSDAY, MARCH 5 Lecture. "Effective Combinations in the Flower Garden." By E. L. Strang, Leominster, Mass. Combinations Involving Flowering Trees and Shrubs Spring Red buds of Malus Floribunda and its single white opening flowers overhanging a path bordered with Arabis, Narcissus Barri conspicuous in clumps, alternating with brown-red and yellow Polyantha Primroses. Background of blue-green fir (Abies Nordmanniana), pink Judas Tree, and ground cover of creeping Phlox, lilac or white. Hemlocks as a background for Forsythia of golden yellow, with clumps of yellow daffodils in the foreground. Large-flowered pink Magnolia Soulangeana, or the very early double red Flowering Peach against dark Evergreens, particularly Red Cedars. Black-green upright Japanese Yews as background for double white Flowering Almond, pure white Tulip Joost van Vondel. Soft pink Azalea Vaseyi, lavender-blue Phlox Divaricata, and white Foam-Flower, followed by Coralbells, Maidenhair Fern and pink Speciosum Lihes. Deutzia Lemoinei, pendant white flowers as a background to rose or pink Darwin TuUps, Pride of Haarlem or Mattia, with lavender-blue creeping Polemonium Reptans. Double pink Flowering Almond, soft pink Tulip Clara Butt, with ground cover of Polemonium Reptans. Old-fashioned purple Lilacs and cerise-rose Tulip Centenaire. Purple Wistaria, soft yellow Azalea Mollis Anthony Koster, purple Iris Kochii, and Iris Lorely, light yellow and dark raisin purple. Flaming red Azalea Hino-de-giri and blue Mertensia. 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Summer Pale sulphur Harrison's yellow rose, dull blue Lupinea, sulphur Peony Duchess de Nemours, and orange-scarlet Oriental Poppy. Orange-red Oriental Poppy and early Lemon Lilies Hemro- callis Flava. Sweet Syringas (Philadelphus) with Lemon Lilies. White Lilacs with red Tulip Pride of Haarlem. Vase. White Lilacs, Deutzia, Spiraea Van Houtteii, Iris Pallida, Lemon Trollius, and pinky-orange late Tulip against a white wall. Purple Buddleia tails with Tiger Lilies. Vase. Golden Glow with greenish-yellow hearts in combina- tion with fragrant green-white spikes of Pepper Bush. Autumn Foliage of Japanese Barberry and Euonymus Alatus, blood-red with purple New England Asters, and American Beauty color Gladiolus Mrs. Watt. Vase. Berries of common Barberry, having a purplish-red bloom, and creamy white, large-flowered hardy Chrysan- themums. Tamarisk, Buddleias, pink Japanese Anemones. Combinations Involving Tulips, Both Early and Late Early Snowy white Arabis, blood-red Tulip Apollo, Kohinoor of deep velvety crimson, or Crimson King. Early pink Tulip Duke of Albany or Cottage Maid, with large purple Crocus. Deep yellow Chrysolora with blue Forget-me-nots. Pink Beauty, the best early very showy pink for house front, etc. Prosperpina of rosy cerise with lavender-blue Phlox Divar- icata. Keep yellow Doronicum away from pink Tulips or Bleeding Heart. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 39 Late Bright pink Louise de la Valliere, with Mertensia and Bleed- ing Heart. Bronze Breeders like Dom Pedro, Garibaldi, Heloise, Chestnut, Jules Favre, with yellow Alyssum Argenteum. Rembrandts streaked and flaked brown, white, lilac, rose maroon and apple green, with deep blue Anchusa. Lavender Ergust or purple Marconi, with deep orange Wall- flower (Siberian). Deep yellow Bouton d'Or or Mrs. Moon of paler tint, with tall blue Polemonium Coeruleum and foreground of blue Forget-me-nots. Soft pinks Kke Clara Butt, Madame Krelage, Princess Eliza- beth, Mrs. Stanley, with ground covers of purple Pansies. Dainty Spring Effects of Small Flowers Spring Deep blue Scillas with deep golden yellow Alyssum Saxatile. White checkered Frittillarias with blue Grape Hyacinths. Brown checkered Frittillarias with pale pink creeping Phlox. Pure white Grape Hyacinths growing up through pink dwarf Phlox. Palest pink Hyacinths, interplanted with English Daisies and Forget-me-nots. Pale trumpet Daffodils, blue Hyacinths and one or two very dark purple. Vase. Lavender-blue Violas, pink and cream hybrid Colum- bines, Forget-me-not, Coral Bell, and Iceland Poppy in ivory bowl decorated with Dresden colors. Purple-red Aubretias, deep purple Violas, Pinks, and Viola Haslemere the color of ashes-of-roses. Orange Iceland Poppies, blue Violas and small lavender Iris Cristata. Fragrant deep pink Daphne Cneorum and white hardy Candytuft. Orange Iceland Poppies, blue Grape Hyacinths and orange Geum Montana Heldreichii. 40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Vase. Mixed old-fashioned Columbines, mostly dull pink, Bleeding Heart and pale blue Polemonium Coeruleum, with one soft pink early double Peony. Lavender-blue Phlox Divaricata with yellow Violas. Pale yellow Primroses with pale blue Violas. The Earliest Tall Effects and Combinations Very Early Spring Orange crown Imperials and pale blue Hyacinths, followed by Scilla Nutans of porcelain blue. Doronicum, yellow Daisy with Camassias of porcelain blue. Spring — A Little Later Poet's Narcissus, single and double, Solomon's Seal and Lemon Trollius, with Iris Sibirica of deep Yale blue. Deep golden Iris Aurea with facing of deep blue Veronica Teucrium var. Rupestris. Orange Trollius faced with blue Phlox Divaricata or Veronica. Blue Bells (Mertensia) faced with deep pink Daphne Cneorum and Bleeding Heart in the background. Tall white Iris Sibirica Snow Queen, white Anemone Sylvestris and Lemon Trollius. Deep golden yellow Iris Mrs. Neubronner or Sherwin- Wright, with deep blue Iris Sibirica OrientaUs. Palest straw-yellow Iris Flavescens and early pink Peony Umbellata Rosa. Blue of Iris Pallida with the cool pink Peonies Mme. Barillet Deschamps and Areos. Blue Lupines and orange Hemerocallis Dumortieri. White Valerian with deep blue Iris Sibirica. Pale gray Iris Queen Emma or Florentina Alba, with Lemon Lilies. Hemerocallis Orange Man, purple Iris Pallida, Peony Couronne d'Or. Late yellow Columbine (Aquilegia Chrysantha) with blue Flax and white Cerastium. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 41 Tulip and Iris Combinations Spring Iris of deep gold like Mrs. Neubronner, Sherwin- Wright and Aurea, with TuHp Zanzibar, D., purple-black having purple edge. Iris of deep purple like Purple King, Kochii, almost black, with Tulips of deep rose like Mattia, D., rosy carmine, and Centenaire, D., violet-rose. Purple Iris like Caprice (true purple) and Tamerlan, lavendar and violet, with orange Tulips like Orange King, C, deep orange shaded rose; Lucifer, B., dark rosy orange; Mon Tresor, B., Indian red with orange tone. Purple and lavender Iris like H. Cramer, s. pale lavender, f. darker; Alcazar, s. light blue-violet, f. deep purple-bronze, with Tulips like pinky-orange Panorama, B., orange shaded mahogany, and the above, and also some intense warm cherry reds like Ariadne, D., William Pitt. D., and Mr. Farncombe Sanders. These reds also good with Iris Florentina Alba. Violet Iris like Amas and Diana, with Tulips of softer pink, yet intense, like Louise de la Valliere D., cherry rose. Lavender and yellow Iris like Princess Victoria Louise, s. yellow, f. warm red-violet; Quaker Lady, violet blended yellow; Lorely, light yellow, s. splashed dark purple of f.; with Tulips of lavender like Rev. H. Ewbank, D., Erguste, D., dull violet; Dream, D., pale heliotrope, darker flush, and yellow TuUps like Moonlight, C, palest sulphur; and the Fawn, C, pale rosy fawn, changing to cream flushed blush. White and violet Iris like Victoria, white and velvety pansy purple, with deep purple Tulips like Marconi D., blue-pur- ple, and Sir Trevor Lawrence, D., immense flower of violet- maroon. White Iris like Fairy, translucent white, the fragrant Floren- tina Alba, and Dorothea, pearl-gray flushed violet, with brilliant rose Tulips like William Pitt, D., dark crimson, purplish bloom; Ariadne, D., rosy crimson; Mr. Farn- ^In speaking of Iris, s. = Standards; f . = falls. In speaking of Tulips, D. = Darwin; C. = Cottage; B. = Breeder. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY combe Sanders, D., enormous deep glowing rose described as scarlet but not. Blue and white Iris like Madame Chereau with the Tulip Picotee, C, also white but edged with pink instead of blue as is the Iris. Or use Picotee Yellow, C, with crimson edge. Palest yellow Iris Flavescens with lavender Tulips like Godet Parfait, B., plum purple. Odd-colored Iris like Sinjkhat, described as dull lavender shading to olive-buff and manganese violet, with the bronze Tulips like Dal Ongaro, D., pale lavender- violet ; Louis XIV, B., purple flushed bronze with scarlet-orange edge; Chestnut, B., chestnut-brown with a purplish bloom. Pinkish Iris like Rose Unique, the nearest clear pink; Mrs. Alan Gray and Queen of May, pinkish lavender, with lavender Tulips like Remembrance, D., pale slaty lavender, silvery tone, and Zulu, D., almost black. Claret Iris like Madame Pacquitte, with combinations of TuUps like Suzon, D., palest buff-pink shaded buff; black Zulu, D., Marconi, D., purple, and Ronald Gunn, D., small deep violet. Crimson and maroon Iris like Gypsy Queen, s. coppery crim- son, f. bright maroon; and Prosper Laugier, s. crimson-drab with a pinkish sheen, f. violet-carmine; with soft pastel Tulips like the above and Heloise, B., heliotrope-brown shaded rose, and Rev. Harpur Crewe, D., dull neutral rose, described as dull amaranth red edged rose. General Combinations for June Early Summer Sweet WilHam Newport Pink faced with Forget-me-nots and accented by tall lavender spikes of Hosta Coerulea or the variegated-leaved one. Mixed Sweet William backed by mixed Foxgloves with Py- rethrum and Campanula Medium to enhance the effect. Dark red Sweet William with greenish yellow of Achillea Tomentosa. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 43 Pale creamy yellow perennial Foxglove (Digitalis Ambigua) with blood-red Geum Chiloense var. Mrs. Bradshaw, or scarlet Lychnis Chalcedonica. Pale pink and cherry-rose Oriental Poppy, near Iris Pallida, faced with gray-leaved Nepeta Mussini or Veronica In- cana, both having lavender blossoms. White Oriental Poppy with pale yellow rose, faced with the almost white gray foliage of Artemesia Stelleriana. Summer Peonies, the early single black-maroon Mrs. Key, with palest straw-yellow Iris Flavescens. Peonies, early double soft pink Umbellata Rosea with Iris Pallida and flavescens. Peonies with Astilbes, white, flesh, salmon, pink, and Coral Bells. Peonies with Foxgloves, Canterbury Bells, Pj^ethrums. Peonies of cool sharp rose, Mme. Barillet Deschamps, old- fashioned sharp pink Roses, rose pink Dianthus Deitoides, white Sweet William and Larkspur of palest blue. Peony Rubra Triumphans, dark red, good with yellow. Peony Dreadnought, cool crimson, good with yellow. Larkspur with Madonna Lilies, and Clematis Recta staked erect. Larkspur with early white Phlox Miss Lingard and sulphur Meadow Rue. Larkspur with Lilium Hansoni of pale gold and yellow Ther- mopsis. Larkspur with pink Spiraea Filipendula, and early Phlox I'Evenement. Larkspur and pink climbing Roses with creamy Mulleins, Yuccas, Bocconias, tall bronze-leaved, and accent of golden Anthemis. July Hollyhocks, maroon, early gray-blue Monkshood, dull pink Rudbeckia Purpurea, Artemesia Lactiflora, and Eryngium. Hollyhocks, pink, with spikes of Lythrum Roseum and gray- blue Eryngium. 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Hollyhocks, lemon and white, against the bronze foliage of Bocconia with steely-blue Eryngium and nodding Lilium Canadense. Lavender Japanese Iris with deep carmine Lychnis Viscaria Splendens. Purple Clematis Jackmani, Larkspur, Lythrum Roseum, and the deep wine-colored Peony Karl Rosenfield. Vase. Pink roses, Mme. Caroline Testout, Larkspur and Gypsophila. Killarney Rosebuds, Mignonette, dark reddish-purple Pansies. Late yellow Columbine, pale blue hardy Scabiosa, foamy Meadow Rue. Shasta Daisy, orange Butterfly Weed, deep blue Veronica Longifolia Subsessilis. Hardy Amaryllis and pale blue Amsonia Tabernaemontana. Hay-scented Fern, yellow Anthemis, Achillea (Pearl) and nodding Canada Lilies, for dry situation under trees. Gypsophila planted to cover Oriental Poppies, and tall white Galtonia Candicans to come after. Mid'Summer Phlox Blue Hill, deep metallic purple with golden Anthemis and Statice. Phlox Saisons Lierval, white with pink eye, Lythrum Roseum and blue Hosta Lancifolia, the late one. Phlox le Mahdi, deep claret; Dawn, palest pink; Pink Beauty, cool shell pink; and Crepuscule, lavender, deep white eye. Phlox Elizabeth Campbell, salmon lighter eye with pale blue Veronica Amethystina. Phlox Rijustroom briUiant rose, with Sea Lavender and Eryngium. Phlox Selma pink with red eye, with lavender-blue Scabiosa and blue Platycodon. Phlox, F. G. Von Lassburg; white Comte, dark red; Tiger Lilies, Eryngium. Phlox Le Mahdi, claret, Mignonette and Statice faced with buff annual Phlox. Phlox R. P. Struthers, coral red, with steely-blue Echinops and Eryngium and foreground of Sea Lavender and Platycodon. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 45 Phlox Eugene Danzanvilliers, Lavender, with deep orange Zinnias. Keep Tiger LiHes away from pink Phlox, but put them with Eryngium, Echinops, Buddleias, Platycodon, Veronica Longifolia Subsessilis. Tiger Lilies with dark blue Monkshood (Spark's variety) and Eryngium. Tiger Lilies with lavender Phlox Eugene Danzanvilliers, Eryngium. Tiger Lilies with Aster Climax or Feltham Blue and Eupat- orium Urticaefolium. Magenta spikes of Liatris Pycnostachya, Eryngium, Sea Lavender, silvery Argemone (annual) with pale yellow flowers, and buff annual Phlox. Buddleias, white tassels of Cimicifuga Foetida Simplex. Autumn Purple New England Asters, orange Montbretias, and blue Bachelor's Buttons. Bronze Helenium and white hardy Asters. Light blue Monkshood and deep golden Button Chrysan- themums. Crimson Cosmos as background to pink Japanese Anemones faced with mauve hardy Asters. Gray-blue Salvia Azurea, pink Speciosum Lilies, pale blue Aster Climax and dwarf St. Egwin of light shell pink. Statice Latifolia, Sea Lavender with dull pink Sedum Spectabile. Some Effects with Annuals Late Summer Gladioli Buddleias of lavender with Rosella, deep rose, mauve tints, white throat. Mrs. Watt, American Beauty pink; Baron Hulot, purple with deep purple; New England asters. Independence, begonia pink, with Mary Fennell, light la- vender, or Conspicuous, gray-blue. 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Flame like Mrs. Francis King, with blue ground cover like xA^geratum. Lavender like Nora, or Cattleya, soft white suffused lavender and pink with yellows like Flora, Sunrise or Yellow Prince, with Heliotrope, cream and violet Stocks, Flame-pink Mrs. Frank Pendleton, purple-blue Verbenas, Gypsophila. Purple, Baron Hulot, pale yellow Primulinus, pink Verbenas and very dark purple Petunias. Some Annual Combinations Long row of Cosmos for background, next rose Gladioli and Salvia Farinacea, next a row of Mignonette, then annual Phlox or Ageratum. Vary effects in different years by changing color of Phlox or Gladioli. Simple and effective for a cutting garden. In the perennial border, clumps of Nicotiana hybrids, rose and pink; Argemone, tall blue Ageratum, yellow Gladioli and Primulinus hybrids, with blue annual Scabiosa. Must be in clumps and not scattered. Sow pink Lavatera, face with blue Scabiosa. Sow white Lavatera, face with Ageratum and row of dwarf yellow Calla Lilies. Deep purple Petunias and cafe au lait annual Phlox, Calendula Nankeen. Pink Verbenas and Blue Lace Flower. Blue Scabiosa, late branching shell pink annual Asters. Orange Calendulas, deep blue annual Larkspur. Late Summer Deep blue Cornflowers and orange Montbretias. Lavender Salvia Farinacea, tall pink Snapdragon, dull pink Zinnia and dwarf Ageratum. Pink Lavatera, heliotrope, pink Gladiolus Myrtle, shell pink annual Phlox, faced with pale blue Ageratum. Rose and white annual Larkspur, faced with Mignonette. Buff and lemon Dahlias, deep carmine annual Larkspur, Mignonette. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 47 Pale blue annual Larkspur, Shirley Poppies, blue Nemophila. Fall lemon Snapdragon, Petunia Rosy Morn. Pink Stocks with Heliotrope. Green and violet Stocks, yellow Rose Betty or Duchess of Wellington, with annual Gypsophila. Hardy purple Asters, blue Bachelor's Buttons, deep orange Montbretias. Field flower effect of Coreopsis mixed, red Poppies, blue Corn- flowers, Candytuft Eschscholtzia, Sweet Alyssum mixed and sown broadcast. Gladioli among Ferns for summer camp or quick effect with no work. ANNUAL REUNION, MARCH 26 Mr. Converse, after welcoming members and guests to the new home of the Society, remarked on the wise and fortunate choice of the present location, declaring it to be an ideal one for the future home of the Worcester County Horticultural Society. The speakers of the evening were greeted, and the Mayor com- plimented on his fine achievements as a city official. The success of the past year in the Society finances was then mentioned. The entire indebtedness had been paid out of surplus earnings, and the mortgage was about to be burned. Mayor O'Hara made a few remarks relative to the benefit and success of the Society, and mentioned with great reverence the parents of the speaker of the evening, Mr. Harry Worcester Smith. The burning of the mortgage was a very impressive exercise. It was performed by the treasurer, Mr. Burt Greenwood, and Mr. David Fiske, of Grafton, a former president. Mr. Greenwood reported that the vote was passed April 8, 1924, to lease the Front Street property and purchase the present site. April 24 the purchase was made and a $35,000 mortgage assumed. On March 16 of this year the last payment was made. Mr. Fiske then burned the discharge note of the Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank. He said a friend of his to whom he used to sell peaches at $5 a basket remarked that he had been chosen for the ceremony on account of being nearer the fire than anybody else present. Within twelve months, Mr. Greenwood said, the Society had become $80,000 richer than a year ago; and this has been due largely to the efforts of the president, Mr. Converse. There is still an $18,000 mortgage on the Front Street property; so perhaps during the next year that may be worked off, and a new building be discussed. Mr. Harry Worcester Smith, who was born in the house now occupied by the Society, told many pleasant reminiscences of his days there. He gave a brief history of his family, whose thrift, sturdiness and honesty were crowned with success in business and all financial enterprises. He told in a glowing way of his WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 49 home life in this fine house, and spoke with great feeling of his father and mother, both of whom would have extended a warm greeting to the Society, could they have lived to see it established there. Mr. Smith then gave a very interesting talk on sports- manship, and horses in particular. He said that sport is a won- derful thing; but that there is a great difference between a sportsman and a sporting man. He declared that he had never bet a dollar in his life, and that he had let whiskey and cigarettes alone. Mr. Smith is a good advertisement for his clean way of living, as he is hale and hearty, a picture of health in his middle life. His great hope, he said, is that when he is dead people can say of him: "He shot, rode, and lived straight." It is not often that we find in life a combination of the business man, the naturalist, the sportsman, and the poet; but Mr. Smith is an exception. Added to the outward strength of the active and strenuous man is the inner power of the mentor and poet. As he read poetry to prove his feelings, he proved to us the ideal balance of interests in a well-rounded existence. The Rev. Dr. Vincent E. Tomlinson then gave a resume of his days as a farmer. Although farm life had had many attractions for him, as a boy, he decided that he might be more successful as a reaper of souls than as a harvester of crops. He referred to Mr. Smith's talk, quoting, "To live in the hearts we leave behind is not to die." He said that the home should be the source of religion; and that children who love, honor and obey parents are in a fair way to achieve spiritual success. The pessimists in life who look upon death and religion in much the same way, as darkness and hopelessness, are out of place in this world of promise and beauty. He agreed with Emerson, Phillips Brooks and others in their cry for a life with Nature in all her glory, quoting the former: "The days spent in the chase are not recorded in a man's life." Nature is the very heart of religion. He contrasted the coronation of kings with its fuss and feathers, with the oath taken by our President, Calvin Coolidge, at his modest home in Plymouth, Vermont. He paid a deep tribute to the characters and personalities of two great men, John Sargent and President Coolidge. In closing, he extended the wish that the Worcester County Horticultural Society extend more and more its great influence throughout the county. 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY During the evening music was furnished by Mrs. Shebesta's orchestra, and by Mr. ^Malcolm Midgely. The Secretary, ^Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, was heartily praised by Mr. Converse for the success of the winter meetings, which were well attended and appreciated by all. The exhibits, too, have owed much of their success to the faithful work of the Secretary and Miss Coulson. Mr. Kinney was called upon to make a few announcements relative to the exhibits for the spring and summer. He explained the nature of the shows and encouraged all to exhibit and attend these various shows of the Society. SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS • Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1925 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL OFFICERS A:srD COM^^HTTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1925 PBESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester. Mass. viCE-PBEsrDEijrrs HERBERT A. COOK, Shrewsbxiry, Mass. ALBERT H. LANGE, Worcester, S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. SECHETABT HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street. T.rRRARTAK MiflB LUCY M. COULSON, of Worcester TBEASUBEB BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester TBrSTEES: Harding Allen Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Edward W. Breed Sumner F. Chamberlain David L. Fiske Allen J. Jenkins William McAllister William E. Morey Mrs. Edward Warren Henry B. Watts Mrs. Matthew J. Whittall George S. Barton Mrs. Louis H. Buckley Willis E. Gary Barre Auburn So. Lancaster Clinton Holden Gra.'ton Shrewsbiiry Whitinsville Shrewsbury Leicester Holden Shrewsbury Worcester Fred H. Chamberlain Fred L. Chamberlain Richard A. Flagg Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Mabel K. Gage Charles Greenwood -^yne W. Hixon Fred Midgley H. Ward Moore Harry L Randall Joseph F. Sherer Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Mrs. Jessie M. Tuck William J. Wheeler Worcester STAlTDIXa COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, Chairman, 1925 Leonard C. Midgky, 1927 Herbert W. Estabrook, 1926 Hairy L Randall, 1925 Edward W. Breed, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary NOMTN-ATTN-G COMMTITEE Willis E. Gary, 1926 ON LIBBABT AND PCBLICATIOXS Mrs. Amy W. Smith Horace E. Sprague, 1927 WiHiam Anderson Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE Herbert A. Cook Albert H. Lange Cliarles Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Henp' E. Kinney William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley ON AHBANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Miss Frances C. Morse Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley Prerident, MjTon F. Converse Harry C. Midgley Albert H. Lange, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Lucy M. Coulson AUyne W. Hixon ALT)ITORS H. Ward Moore Mrs. Edward Warren Allen J. Jenkins Herbert A. Cook Simmer F. Chamberlain Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES 0» Flowzbs, Plants, etc.: Allsme W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. Of Fbitits, etc.: Herbert A. Cook, Shrewsbury, Mass. Of Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester, Mass. ASSOCL^TE JLTXJE S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton MEDAL COMMITTEE President, Myron F. Converse Herbert A. Cook ON WESTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Albert H. Lange, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Leonard C. Midgley Burt W. Greenwood S. Lothrop Davenport H. Ward Moore SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the year 1925 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varie- ties should be correctly named. 8. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. , 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibi- tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after prizes are aw^arded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disquali- fication of the offender. 8. Articles offered for premiums must be in the Hall by 2.30 o'clock of the days of Exhibition except when otherwise specified. Between 2.30 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 9 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for premiums shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed; when they will be dehvered as the con- tributors may direct. 11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of speci- mens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 12. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change necessary. 14. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as ''Pippin," '^Sweeting, '^Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 15. No specimen of Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables for which a premium has been once awarded shall receive another during the season. 16. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examination, if requested. 17. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except where otherwise specified in the schedule. The use of foiliage must be restricted to that of the varieties shown, except with orchids, carnations, gloxinias and sweet peas. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 1925] KTTLES AND RFXiTTLATIONS 5 18. l-^The Judges ai"o autlioi'izcMl by th(^ Trustees to invite the assistance of compel (^nt and disci'eel j)ei-s()ns in the (Hscharge of their (Uities. 19. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 20. In Table Decorations and displays of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables where the number of exhibits exceeds the num- ber of premiums offered, the Judge )nay award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 21. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 22. ''Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. 23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points CUT FLOWERS AND WILD FL( )A\ ERS Arrangement, Quality of blooms, . Number of varieties, Properly named, 30 points 25 25 20 LILIES.— Size and color of bloom, Number of perfect flowers and l)uds on 80 points stem. Arrangement, Properly named, 25 25 20 DISPLAYS.— Arrangement, 40 points 30 30 Quality, Variety, COLLECTIONS.— Quality, Arrangement, V ariety , 40 30 30 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. WiUiam Fames Fund. $500.00. Income to be used in prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Fred A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester C'ounty Horticultural Society do not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used in special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00. Income to be used in prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used in prizes for Flowers. FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES A. D. 1925 ^^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judges to Rule 12. 12. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. AN INTERPRETATION OF RULE SEVENTEEN BLOOMS : Individual flowers, one on a stem. Examples: Large flowering Dahlias, large flowering Asters and Carnations. CLUSTERS: A stem with a number of blooms bunched together. Examples: Rambler Roses, Dianthus, and Phlox. SPRAYS: Branches of plants with a number of flowers on one stem. Examples: Pompon Asters, Salpiglossis, and Cosmos. SPIKES: Gladiolus, Antirrhinum, and Fox-glove. Special Rules L Exhibitors w^ill add value to their exhibits by having all specimens correctly and legibly named, and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in aw^a.rd- ing the premiums. 2. The judges shall not award prizes for exhibits that are covered by the call of the day. 3. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits the judges waLL not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 4. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed. By vote of the trustees, all entries must he made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. spring Exhibition Thursday, Mar. 19, open from 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Mar. 20, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. C'ARXATIOXS.— No. 1. Display. Notify the Secretary two davs in advance. $8.00 6.00 4.00 Fred A. Blake Fund ORCHIDS.— Xo. 2. Display in any form 10 . 00 5 . 00 ^ ^ ^ CIXERARIA, IX BLOOM.— Xo. 3. Collection, potted plants, 8 . 00 5 .00 3 . 00 CYC LAM EX, IX bloom. — Xo. 4. Display, potted plants, 10 . 00 8 . 00 5 . 00 AZALEA, IX BLOOM. — Xo. 5. Display, potted plants, 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 HYACIXTH, IX BLOOM.— Xo. 6. Display, potted plants, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 PRIMULA, IX BLOOM.— Xo. 7. Display, potted plants, 8 . 00 5 . 00 3 . 00 * * * Fred A. Blake Fund AXTIRRHIXU:^!.— Xo. 8. Vase of twenty spikes. .5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 * * * BASKET, Cut Flowers.— Xo. 9. 5.00 3.00 2.00 XARCISSUS.— Xo. 10. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, " 3.00 2.00 1.00 VIOLETS.— Xo. 11. lOOinBmich. 3.00 2.00 1.00 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 12. ,1150.00 may be usod foi- i)nz(>.s. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 13. Any variety, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BEET.— No. 14. Twelve specimens, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 15. Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 16. Savoy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 17. Any other variety named, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 PARSLEY.— No. 18. One-half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 CARROT.— No. 19. Twelve specimens, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CELERY.— No. 20. Six specimens, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 LETTUCE.— No. 21. Sixheads, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 MUSHROOM.— No. 22. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 23. Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 24. Any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS. — No. 25. Yellow Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 26. White Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 27. Any variety, English, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH. No. 28. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 APPLES.— No. 29. Display not to exceed five varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 APPLE, TAVELA^E SPECIMENS.- iNO. ou. jjaiQwin, z UU 1 i ou 1 i UU . oU No. 31. Sutton, 2 00 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 32. Northern Spy, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 33. Palmer, 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 34. Roxbury Russet, 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 35. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, April 16 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p . m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 36. Twenty vases, $4 00 3 00 2 50 2 00 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 37. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, no re- trictions. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 00 4. 00 3 00 CALENDULA.— No. 38. Display in Bowl or Basket, 4. 00 3 00 2. 00 1 00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 39. Plants in Bloom with Foilage, Plants, 15.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 APPLES, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 40. For any variety, eight dollars may be used for prizes. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 41 . Hollow Crown, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 42. Any other variety ' 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 43. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 44. Six Heads » 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH.— No. 45. Two Bunches. Six in each bunch, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 May Exhibition Thursday, May 14 This exhibition will bo open to the pul)li(' from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 46. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.50 1.00 No. 47. Basket, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 HYACINTH, OPEN culture.— No. 48. Display, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 TULIP, OPEN CULTURi: — No. 49. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 PANSY.— No. 50. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ZONALE GERANIUMS, ix bloom.— No. 51. Four eight inch pots or pans, distinct in color, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 52. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, no restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 PLANT DISPLAYS.— No. 53. For exhibits — no restriction.-^ as to where grown, or by whom. S50.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. CARNATIONS.— No. 54. One vase, flfty flowers, other green permissible, 8.00 6.00 4.00 DANDELION.— No. 55. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 LETTUCE.— No. 56. Six heads, S2. 00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 57. One-half peck, 1.50 1.00 .50 RADISH, TWO BUNCHES, SIX IN EACH BUNCH. No. 58. Globe, 1.50 1.00 .50 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks.^ — No. 59. Linnanis, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASPARAGUS, TWO bunches, twelve SPECIMENS EACH. — No. 60. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 61. Two bunches, six in each bunch, 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 11 This exhibition will be open to the public from 8 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 62. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. ()3. One vase. The specimens not to be tied or wired 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BASKET.— No. 64. Cut Flowers, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 WILD FLOWERS, t\venty-five vases. — No. 65. No duplicates, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 .50 AZALEA.— No. 66. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 IRIS, German. — No. 67. Tenvases,fivetrussesineach,5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 RHODODENDRON.— No. 68. Display in vases, 3.00 2.00 PEONIES.— No. 69. Vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEGONIAS.— No. 70. Four plants in bloom, 3.00 2.00 1.00 ROSES.— No. 71. Hybrid Perpetuals, twenty vases, one bloom in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 72. Hybrid Tea, twenty vases, one bloom in each, ^ 3.00 2.00 1.00 ZONALE GERANIUMS.— No. 73. Twenty vases, one truss in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 STRAWBERRIES, twenty-four berries. — No. 74. Ten dollars may be used in prizes. 14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 ASPARAGUS, TWO bunxhes, twelve specimens each. — No. 75. Any variety, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUCUMBER.— No. 76. Three specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SPINACH.— No. 77. Half-peck, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 RHUBARB, TWELVE stalks. — No. 78. Monarch, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 79. Victoria, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BEET.— No. 80. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LETTUCE.— No. 81. Six heads, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION.— No. 82. Two bunches, six each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 18 This cxhi})ition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 83. From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, to be named, twenty vases, $5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 ROSES.— No. 84. Vase H. P. roses, mixed colors, not to exceed ten blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 85. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding twenty blooms, 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 86. No restrictions as to arrangement. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 FOXGLOVE.— No. 87. Vase of twelve spikes, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney A. Small Basket of Flowers, any green permissible, * * 2.50 * 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 88. May Duke, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 89. For any other variety five dollars may be used for prizes. STRAWBERRY, twenty-four BERRIES. No. 90. Glen Mary, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 91. Sample, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 92. Senator Dunlap, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 9,3. Howard No. 17, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK.^ — No. 94. Gradus, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 95. Any other varietj^. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 25 This exhibition will be open to the public from 8 to 9 p. m. ROSE.— No. 96. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, $4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 97. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 98. Collection of cut roses, 8 . 00 6 . 00 4 . 00 No. 99. Vase H. P. roses, shades of one color, not to exceed 10 blooftis, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 100. Basket of Roses, . 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 CAMPANULA MEDIA (canterbury bells).— No. 101 . Twenty vases, one spike in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 . 50 PEONIES.— No. 102. Twent}' vases, one flower in each, ^ 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 LUPINUS.— No. 103. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 BEST DISPLAY OF PEONIES.— No. 104. No restrictions as to arrangement. Notify the Secreatry two days in advance, ' ^ 7.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 DIANTHUS BARBATUS (sw^eet william).— No. 105. Twelve vases, three trusses in a vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 17 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage HARDY FLOWERS.— No. 106. Displayof outdoor varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 * * * . STRAWBERRY, twenty-four berries.^ — No. 107. Downing's Bride, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 108. Golden Gate, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 109. Barrymore 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 110. Gollection, not more than six varieties, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1. 00 No. 111. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 112. Coe's Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 113. Elton, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 114. Black Tartarian, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 115. Gov. Wood, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 116. For any other variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 117. Thomas Laxton 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 118. Sutton's Excelsior, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CUCUMBER, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 119. Any variety. 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 2 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 120. Twenty vases, S3. 00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DELPHINIUM.— No. 121. One vase, not more than twelve trusses. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 LILIUM CANDIDU^L— No. 122. Twelve vases, one spike in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 123. Twenty-five vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 JAPANESE IRIS.— No. 124. Display, 10.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 ^ ^ Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse B. For the most artistic table arrangement of flowers or fruit, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 jj: ^ :i; STRAWBERRY.— No. 125. Best display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHERRY, ONE QUART.— No. 126. Black Eagle, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 127. Downer's Late Red, 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 128. :Montmorency, 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 129. Best display, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 130. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. RASPBERRY, blackcap, one quart. — No. 131. Named variety, 1.50 1.00 .50 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 19 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. No. 132. Red Cross, $1,50 1.00 .50 No. 133. Perfection, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 134. White Grape, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 135. Versaillaise, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 136. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEET, OPEN CULTURE. No. 137. Twelve specimens, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CARROT.— No. 138. Two bunches, six in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, HALF-PECK. No. 139. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 140. Any variety, ■ 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 141. Any named variety, 2.50 2 ,00 1.50 1.00 Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 9 This exhibition will be open to the pubhe from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 142. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 HOLLYHOCK.— No. 143. One vase, 12 stalks. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 144. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 145. Table decoration Sweet Peas, laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 SWEET PEAS.— No. 146. Basket, any green, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ^ ^ ^ Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund No. 147. Collectionof Sweet Peas, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 ^ ^ ^ Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney C. Display of Cut Flowers on round tables, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for twenty vases during the year. 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 21 RASPBERRY, one quart.— No. 148. Cuthi)ert, S2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 149. Golden Queen, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 150. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may he used for prizes. GOOSEBERRY, one quart.— No. 151. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CURRANT, TWENTY-FOUR BUNCHES. Xo. 152. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SNAP, ONE-HALF PECK. — No. 153. Wax, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 154. Green.Pod, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 PEA, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 155. Admiral Dewey, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 156. Telephone, 2 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 157. Display, 3.00 2.00 1.00 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 158. Not to exceed 24 square feet, S15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. TOMATOES, TWELVE specimens. — No. 159. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 16 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 160. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— Xo. 161. Ten vases. 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 This nimiber is intended for -the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases dining the year. LILIUM REGALE.— Xo. 162. Vase, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Xo. 163. Basket. Cut Flowers. 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CEXTAUREA.— Xo. 164. Display, 4.00 3.00 2.00 PETUXIA.— Xo. 165. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney D. Flowers artistically arranged, pottery to besuppUed bythe exhibitor 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 * * ^ APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — Xo. 166. Any variety. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR. TWELVE SPECIMENS. — X'o. 167. Any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH. TWELVE SPECIMENS. Xo. 168. Anvvarietv, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 23 BLACKBERRY, one quart.- No. 169. Early Harvest, CUCUMBER.— Xo. 170. Three specimens, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 171. Any variety, LETTUCE.— Xo. 172. Twelve heads, SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — Xo. 173. Summer, POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS.- Xo. 174. Irish Cobbler, Xo. 175. Any other variety. SI. 50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 23 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 176. Twenty vases, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 GERMAN STOCKS.— No. 177. Twenty vases, not to exceed three branches in a vase, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 CHINA PINKS.— No. 178. Twenty vases five clusters in each, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 179. For best table decoration, laid for four covers, no restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 6.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 180. Twelve vases, , 3.00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 181. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 182. An}^ named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 183. Any variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CORN, TWELVE EARS.— No. 184. Sweet, any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 185. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 186. Any named variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 187. Irish Cobbler, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 188. Any other variety, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 30 This exhibition will be opvn to the pul)lie from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 189. Twenty vases, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 190. Ten vases, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This ninnber is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for 20 vases during the year. GLADIOLUS.— No. 191. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SALPIGLOSSIS.— No. 192. — Tw^enty vases, five sprays in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX, (perennial).— No. 193. Twelve vases, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— No. 194. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney E. Vase of flowers artistically arranged, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 This number is intended for the exhibitors who do not compete in the call for vases during the year, * * * APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 195. Astrachan, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 196. Oldenburg, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 197. Yellow Transparent, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 BLACKBERRY, one quart.— No. 198. Wachusett, S2. 00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 199. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE specimens. — No. 200. Giffard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 PEACH, twelve specimens. — No. 201. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE specimens.^ — No. 202. Red June, 1.50 1.00 .50 BEAN, SHELL, HALF-PECK. No. 203. Dwarf Horticultural, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 204. Any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 205. Not less than 12 rows, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 206. Summer, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 POTATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 207. Hebron, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 208. Rose, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 209. Varieties not scheduled, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Thursday, August 6 This exhibition will be open to the i)ul)li{' from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 210. One vase, no restrictions as to arrangement, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 GLADIOLUS.— No. 211. Display, 8.00 0.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 ASTERS.— No. 212. Twenty vases, one bloom in each 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 PHLOX DRUMMONDL— No. 213. Twenty vases, five sprays, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LILIES.— No. 214. Display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PHLOX, PERENNIAL. — No. 215. Twenty vases, one cluster in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 GLOXINIA, ANY GREEN ALLO\VABLE. No. 216. Twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 ZINNIA.— No. 217. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 218. Twenty-five vases, no dupHcates 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney F. Table Decorations. For the best table decorations, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [l925 This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. * * * APPLE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 219. Astrachan, No. 220. Williams, No. 221. Golden Sweet, PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 222. Any variety, CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 223. Any named variety, CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 224. Yellow, Sweet, SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 225. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties), ' 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TOMATO, OPEN CULTURE, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS. No. 226. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 $2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 13 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. GLADIOLUS.— No. 227. Collection, varieties not disseminated, Silver Medal. No. 228. Display, Notify the Secretary two days in advance, $10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 No. 229. Basket, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 .00 .50 No. 230. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED, LONG STEM.^ — No. 23 L Vase of 20 blooms, 3 .00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 . 50 No. 232. Single, twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 VERBENA.— No. 233. Twenty vases, five blooms in each, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — G. 5.00 3.00 2.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 234. Williams, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 235. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 236. Varieties not scheduled, 1.50 1.00 .50 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 237. Rostiezer, $1,50 1.00 .50 No. 238. Tyson, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 239. Clapp's Favorite, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. .240. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 241. Carman, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 242. Any other variety, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 243. McLaughlin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 244. Washington, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 245. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, SHELL, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 246. Goddard, No. 247. Pole any other variety, No. 248. Kentucky, Snap, CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 249. Crosby, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 250. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 251. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. CUCUMBER, FOR PICKLES.— No. 252. Half-peck, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 VEGETABLES.— No. 253. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $15.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Thursday, August 20 This exhibition will l)e open to the pul)lic from 3 to 9 p. m. ZINNIA.- No. 254. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 DAHLIA.— No. 255. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund DISPLAY OF GARDEN FLOWERS No. 256. Not to exceed 40 square feet, Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 LILIES.— No. 257. Display, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PLUMS, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 258. Bradshaw, 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 259. Gen. Hand, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 260. Imperial Gage, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 261. Gueii, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 262. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. BEAN, POLE HALF-PECK. No. 263. Shell, 2. 50 2.00 1 . 50 1 .00 No. 264. String, any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CORN, TWELVE EARS. No. 265. Sweet, not less than twelve rows, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 266. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Thursday, August 27 This exhibition will be open to the pubhc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 267. Twenty vases, 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 DISPLAY OF ANNUALS.— No. 268. Notify the Secretary two days inadvance, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER DISPLAY.— No. 269. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 270. Basket, Cut Flowers, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOWERED. No. 271. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse H. For twenty-fom- vases of Annuals, $3.00 2.00 1.00 * APPLES, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 272. Porter, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 273. Holden, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Wealthy, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 275. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM.— No. 276. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 277. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 278. County Fair Type, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 279. Bell Type, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage I. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 3 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 280. Twenty vases, $5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 281. Ten vases, 2.50 2:00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for 20 vases during the year. DAHLIA.— No. 282. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 LARGE FLOWERED. No. 283. Twenty vases, one flower in each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 POMPON. — No. 284. Twenty vases, three sprays in each, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 ASTER, LARGE FLOTVERED. — No. 285. Twenty vases, three blooms in each, 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 CANNA.— No. 286. Twenty vases, one spike in each, 3 . 00 2 . 00 BEGONIA, TUBEROUS rooted. — No. 287. Display, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 SCABIOSA.— No. 288. Twenty vases, six flowers in a vase, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ASTERS.— No. 289. Display, not exceeding 10 square feet, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY [1925 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 290. Gravenstein, $3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 291. Maiden's Blush, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 292. Washington Strawberry, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 APPLE, CRAB, TWENTY-FOUR SPECIMENS. No. 293. Hyslop, 2. 50 2.00 1 . 50 1 .00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 294. Lucrative, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 295. Bartlett, 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 296. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 297. Champion, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 298. Foster, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 299. Oldmixon, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 300. Elberta, . 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 301. Seedlings, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 302. Crawford, (early). 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 303. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 304. Golden Varieties, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 205. Lombard, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 306. Quackenboss, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 307. Burbank, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 308. Moore's Arctic, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 309. For Japanese varieties not scheduled. five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 310. Other varieties not scheduled. five dollars may be used for prizes. GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 311. Green Mountain, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. Moore's 1.50 1.00 .50 PEPPER, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 313. Squash, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 314. Any other variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 35 TOMATO, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 315. Beauty, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 BEAN, ONE-HALF PECK. No. 316. Dwarf Lima, No. 317. Large Lima, 2.50 2.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 1.00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 318. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CELERY, BLANCHED (nAMED), six SPECIMENS.— No. 319. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CARROT, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 320. Any variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 EGG PLANT.— No. 321. Three specimens, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 MUSHROOM, NATIVE.— No. 322. Collection of edible varieties, prizes will be awarded. TOMATOES.— No. 323. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape Exhibition Thursday, September 17 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 324. Twenty vases, $4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 COSMOS.— Ko. 325. Display in vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 326. Basket, Cut Flowers, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 MARIGOLD.— No. 327. Display in vases, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. DAHLIA.— No. 328. Fifty vases, one flower in each, 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 329. Single varieties, twenty vases, 3.00 2.00 No. 330. Vase of Peony Flowered, 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 * * * Special Prizes Offered by Miss Frances C. Morse J. For the most artistic table arrangement of flowers, fruit, or vegetables. 4.00 3 00 2.00 1.00 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 331. American Beauty or Sterling, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 332. Mother, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 333. Twenty-ounce, 1 50 1 00 .50 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 334. Louise Bonne de Jersey, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 335. Urbaniste, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 336. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 337. Crawford (late), $2 00 1 50 1 00 . 50 No. 338. Stump the World, 1 1 Ox) 1 Of) . \)\) . «ju No. 339. Display, no restriction as to arrangement. 10 00 8 00 (j .00 1 .00 PLUM, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 340. Satsuma, 9 UU 1 ou 1 . UU . oU No. 341. Pond's Seedling, 1 ou 1 i . UU . oU GRAPE, THREE CLUSTERS. No. 342. Brighton, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 343. Campbell, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 344. Lindley, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 345. Massasoit, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 346. Worden, 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 347. Concord, 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 348. Delaware, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 349. Niagara, 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 350. Pocklington, 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 351. ]\Ioore's Diamond. 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 352. For other varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 353. Display of Ch-apes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS.^ — No. 354. Any variety. 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 DISPLAY OF FRUIT.— No. 355. Not to exceed 16 square feet, S30.00 may be used for prizes. POTATO, SIX VARIETIES (named). — No. 356. Twelve specimens of each, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 SQLWSH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 357. Warren, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 358. Golden Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 359. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 360. Paris Golden, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 361. Other varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. No 362 Red < 52 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 363. Savoy, 1 50 1 00 50 No. 364. Any other variety, 2 50 2.00 1 50 1 00 CAULIFLOWER. — IMU. OUU. X 111 ctJ i5|Jt5L'llllcllO, o uu 2 00 \J\J 1 50 1 ± no MELON, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 366. Green Flesh, 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 367. Yellow Flesh, 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 No. 368. Water, 2 00 1 50 1.00 50 TURNIP.— No. 369. Twelve specimens, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 370. Display of Tomatoes, 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 No. 371. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet, 5.00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 Thursday, September 24 This oxhii)ition will he opvn to tlu^ pul)lic from 3 to 9 p. m. DISPLAY OF FOLIAGP: PLANTS.— No. 372. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. $8.00 6.00 4.00 DISPLAY OF POTTERY, flower arrangement.— No. 373. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, no restrictions, 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 CELOSIA.— No. 374. Display in vases, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 375. Hubbardston, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 376. Pewaukee, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 377. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 378. Seckel, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 379. Superfin, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 380. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 381. Crosby, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 382. Orange, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES. No. 383. No restrictions, notify the Sec- retarv two davs in advance. 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . GO Thursday, October 1 This exhibition will be open to the pubUc from 3 to 9 p. m. CUT FLOWERS.— No. 384. Twenty vases, S4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 COSMOS.— No. 385. Display. Notify the Secretan' two days in advance. 4.00 3.50 2.00 1.00 HELICHRYSUM.— No. 386. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance, 4.00 3.50 2.00 1.00 TABLE DECORATIONS.— No. 387. No restrictions, notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 10.00 8.00 (3.00 5.00 4.00 APPLE, ONE STANDARD BOX. No. 388. Mcintosh, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 .50 No. 389. Any other variety, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 .00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 390. Sutton Beauty, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 391. Tompkins King, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 392. Pound Sweet 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 293. Mcintosh, 4.00 3. CO 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 PEAR, T^^ELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 394. Bosc, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. Sheldon, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 . 50 1 .00 .50 No. 396. Display, no restriction as to arrangement, 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 397. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each . 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 VEGETABLES.— No. 398. Collection not to exceed 25 varie- ties, 12.00 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 8 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock p. m. FERNS.— No. 399. Display, potted plants, named varieties, $5.00 3.00 2.00 CUT FLOWERS.— No. 400. Cut flowers in any form, $40.00 may be awarded in prizes. APPLE, ONE STANDARD BOX. No. 40L Baldwin 4 00 3.00 2 00 1 00 .50 No. 402. Any variety except Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2 00 1 00 .50 APPLE, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 403. Baldwin, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2 50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 404. Bellflower, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 405. Winter Banana, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 406. Peck's, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 407. R. I. Greening, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 408. Northern Spy, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 409. Palmer, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No.'410. Roxbury Russet, 3 00 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 4n. Canada Red, 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 412. Opalescent, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 413. Delicious, 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 414. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties. 5 00 4.00 3 00 2 50 2.00 No. 415. Sweet varieties not scheduled, eight dollars may be used for prizes. No. 416. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 PEAR, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 417. Angoulene, SI. 50 1.00 .50 No. 418. Clairgeau, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 419. Langelier, 1.50 1.00 .50 Xo. 420. Lawrence, 3.00 2.00 1 .50 1.00 .50 No. 421 . Winter Nelis, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 422. Anjou, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 423. Cornice, 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 424. Onondaga, 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 425. For varieties, not scheduled, ten dollars, may be used for prizes. GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE. No. 426. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes. PEACH, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 427. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes. QUINCE, TWELVE SPECIMENS.— No. 428. Champion. 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 CAULIFLOWER.— No. 429. Three specimens, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CABBAGE, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 430. Any named variety, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. No. 431. Easy Blanching, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 432. Any varieties, not scheduled, 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 ENDIVE.— No. 433. Six specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 LEEKS.— No. 434. Twelve specimens, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ONION, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 435. White Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 436. Yellow Globe Danvers, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 437. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1925J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 PARSLEY.— No. 438. Half peck, S2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 PUMPKIN, THREE SPECIMENS. No. 439. Sweet, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 SALSIFY.— No. 440. Twelve specimens, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. — No. 441. Bay state, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 442. Blue Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 443. Anyothervariety,notscheduled, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 444. Purple Top Globe, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 445. Any variety, not scheduled, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 Thursday, October 15 This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. WILD FRUITS AXD BERRIES.— Xo. 446. Display, 84.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00 SPECIMEX FERX.— Xo. 447. 3.00 2.00 1.00 CHRYSAXTHEMUM.— Xo. 448. Display, outdoor culture, 3.00 2.00 1.00 PHYSALIS FRAXCHETTII, (chixese lanterns).— Xo. 449. Basket, 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 X'o. 450. Best Display of Apples, not less than five varieties, and not more than 16 square feet, to be shown as exhibitors may elect, $40.00 may be used for prizes. Xotify the Secretary two days in advance. * BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— Xo. 451. Half peck, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 CELERY, BLANCHED, SIX SPECIMENS. — X'o. 452. Giant Pascal, X'o. 453. Any other variety, ONION, TW^ELVE SPECIMENS.— Xo. 454. Red Globe, Xo. 455. Cracker, Xo. 456. Other varieties. PARSNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. No. 457. Hollow Crown, No. 458. . Any other variety, SQUASH, THREE SPECIMENS. Xo. 459. Hubbard, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 TURNIP, TWELVE SPECIMENS. — No. 460. Purple Top (Uobe, ^2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . r)() No. 461. English varieties, not schoduled, 2.00 1.50 1.00 ..')() TURNIP, SIX SPECIMENS.— No. 462. White Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 463. Yellow Swede, 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 (H)RN.— No. 464. Field Corn, 12 ears, 8 row flint, corn shown flat, 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 GRAINS.— No. 465. Best exhibit, five dollar.< may ])C used for prizes. FIELD BEANS.— No. 466. Best exhibit, eight dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 5, open from .3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 6, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the Hall and read}^ for inspection by the Judges by 1 o'clock, Thursday. Fred A. Blake Fund CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— No. 467. Ten blooms, distinct named varieties, in vases, $10.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 468. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems, 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 469. Pompons, display in vases, 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 470. Single varieties, display in vases, 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 471. Six Specimen plants, 10^00 8.00 6.00 No. 472. One Specimen plant, 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 473. Display of Anemonies, 8.00 5.00 3.00 No. 474. Three vases. White, Pink, Yel- low. Twelve flowers in each, one variety in each vase, 20.00 15.00 10.00 7.00 * * * SPECIAL DISPLAY OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS, covering 100 SQUARE FEET. No. 475. One hundred and seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary previous to 6 p. m. Monday, November 5! No. 476. For exhibits, — no restrictions as to where grown, or by whom — $75 . 00 may be used for prizes. No. 477. Fern Globes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— K Basket, 7.00 5.00 3.00 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 No. 478. P^ancy Basket of Apples, $3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 479. Fancv Basket of Pears, 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 SPECIAL EXHIBITION OF APPLES WILLIAM EAMES FUND A. BALDWIN, BEST twelve. — Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 B. KING. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 C. PALMER. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 D. RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Three, premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 E. ROXBURY RUSSET. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 F. SUTTON. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 G. McINTOSH. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 H. ANY OTHER VARIETY. Three premiums, 2.00 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Wednesday, December 2, 1925. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1925. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Librar}^ and Reading Room, where the lil)rarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. C OMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Lucy M. Coulson, Librarian 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library My Growing Garden, by Horace ]\IcFarland. Studies of Trees in Winter, b}- Annie Oakes Huntington. Studies in Gardening, b}^ A. Glutton Brock, ^ly Garden, by Eden Phillpotts. Ciarden Trees and Shrubs, by Walter P. Wright. Book of Garden Plans, b}^ S. F. Hamblin. Commercial Gardening, 4 Vols., ])y John Weathers. Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use, by George Burnap. The Garden City, by C. B. Purdon. Trees in Winter, b}^ A. F. Blakeslce. Plant Propagation, Greenhouse and Nursery Practice, b}' ^I. G. Kains. American Gardens, by Guy Lowell. The Book of the Peony, by Mrs. P^dward Harding. Practical Landscape Gardening, by Rol)ert B. Cridland. Xut Culturist, b}^ Andrew Fuller. Peach Orchard, by F. A. Waugh. The Pecan, b}^ H. Harold Hume. Plums and Plum Culture, by F. A. A\'augh. Quince Culture, by W. W. Meech. Trees, b}^ William Solotaroff . Vegetable Garden, b}' Edith L. Fullerton. Fruit Culturist, b}^ John J. Thomas. Soils, by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon. Fertilizers, by John F. Voorhees. Soil Fertihty, b}' Alfred Vivian. The American Flower Garden, by Xeltye Blanchaii. The Beautiful Garden, b}^ W. Robinson. Pruning Manual, by L. H. Bailey. Rock and Water Garden, by F. ^Nleyer. Alpine Flowers and Rock Gardens, by P. Wright. Ferns, by Campbell E. Waters. The New Rhubarb Culture, by J. E. Morse and G. B. Fiske. Celery Culture, by W. R. Beattic. Tomato Culture, by Will W. Tracy. Peas and Pea Culture, by Glenn C. Sevey. The Young Farmer, by Thomas F. Hunt. Market Gardening and Farm Notes, by Burnet Lantlreth. 1925] SCHEDI'LE OF PREMII^MS 49 Cabbage, Cauliflowor and Allied \>oetables, by L. Allen. Asparagus, by F. Hexamer. Melon Culture, by James Troop. The A. B. (\ of Potato Culture, l)y W. 1^. IVrry. Vegetable Gardening, by S. B. Green. Mushroom Growing, by B. Duggar. Peach Culture, b}' Hon. J. Alexander Fulton. Sweet Corn, by A. E. Wilkinson. Home Vegetable Garden, by Adolph Kruhm. Injurious Insects, by Walter C. O'Kane. The Bulbous Book, by John Weathers. Okl-Fashioned Gardening, by Grace Tabor. Peaches of New York, by Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Town Planning in Practice, by Raj^mond Unwin. The Liveable Garden, by Ruth Dean. \>getable Forcing, b}^ Ralph L. Watts. The Strawberr}^ in North America, by S. W. Fletcher. An Introduction to the Study of Landscape Design, In' Hubbard & Kimball. The ^lysteries of the Flowers, by Herbert W. Faulkner. Elements of Agriculture, by C. F. Warren. Indian Corn Culture, by C. S. Plumb. Wheat Culture, by S. D. Curtis. The Book of AVheat, by Peter Tracy Dondlinger. The ^Modern Cultivation of Corn, by Zeferinc Dominguez. ^lodern Fruit Marketing, by Bliss S. Brown. Practical Gardening, by Hugh Findlay. How to Grow Vegetables, by Allen French. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by Schuyler Mathews. Tree Wounds and Diseases, by A. D. Webster. The Flower and the Bee, by John H. Lovell. The Small Place, hy Elsa Rehmann. Name this Flower, by Gaston Bonnier. Color in yiy Garden, by Louise Beck Wilder. The Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey. The Apple, by Albert Wilkinson. Hints on Landscape Gardening, by Prince von Puckler ]\[uskau. Forestry' in New England, by Hawley and Hawes. A Guide to the Wild Flowers, by Alice Lounsberr>-. 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 The Book of Rarer Vegetables, by George Wythes. The Book of Bulbs, by S. Arnott. Hedges, Windbreaks," Shelters and Live Fences, by E. P. Powell. Saturday in My Garden, by F. H. Farthing. Principles and Practice in Pruning, by M. G. Kains. Backyard Garden, by Edward L. Farrington. Gommercial Carnation Culture, by J. Harrison Dick. American Rose Annual, 1922. Manual of American Grape Growing, by U. P. Hedrick. The Romance of Our Trees, by Ernest H. Wilson. Plant Culture, by George W. Oliver. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, by Helen R. Albee. Wild Flowers of New York, by Homer D. House. Pages from a Garden Note-Book, by Mrs. Francis King. Conifers and Their Characteristics, by Coltman & Rogers. Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, by F. Schuyler. Galdiolus, by Matthew Crawford. Applied Entomology, by H. T. Fernald. The Amateur's Book of the Dahlias, by Mrs. Charles H. Stout. Gardening for Women, by Hon. Frances Wolseley. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard by E. Dwight Sander- son and Leonard Marion Peairs. Winter Sunshine, by John Burroughs. \A ake-Robin, by John Burroughs. Locusts and Wild Honey, by John Burroughs. Plant Breeding, Grafting and Budding, Fruit Improvement, Small Fruits, Gardening, Useful Plants, Flowers, Trees, Biog- raphy Index, by Luther Burbank. Commercial Floriculture, by Fritz Bahr. Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits, by U. P. Hedrick. A Garden of Herbs, by E. S. Rodhe. Text-Book of Pomology, by J. H. Gourley. The Rose in America, by J. Horace McFarland. Trees as Good Citizens, by Charles L. Pack. The Fern Lover's Companion, by George Henry Tilton. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, by Robert Ridgway. Worcester County Horticultural Society Schedule of Prizes Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday August 22 and Saturday, September 19, 1925 in Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street Worcester, Massachusetts Saturday, August 22 Open to Children under 14 years of age DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— Xo. L Not to exceed fifteen vases, $2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 SWEET PEAS.— Xo. 2. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases, . 75 . 50 . 25 . 25 NASTURTIUMS.— No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIAS.— No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 WILD FLOWERS.— ' No. 6. Not to exceed twenty vases, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 7. Vase of Flowers, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 8. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 BEETS.— X'^o. 9. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 LETTUCE.— No. 10. Six heads, .75 .50 .25 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 1 1 . Two quarts, . 75 . 50 . 25 . 25 POTATOES.— No. 12. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 13. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .50 TOMATOES.— No. 14. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— Xo. 15. Six specimens, .75 .50 .25 .25 CUCUMBERS.— No. 16. Three specimens, .75 .60 .25 .25 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 53 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 17. Not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 ASTERS.— . No. 18. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 . 25 VERBENA.— No. 19. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 GLADIOLUS.— No. 20. One vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 21. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 22. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 23. Vase of Flowers, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 24. Not over 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 POTATOES.— No. 25. Twelve specimens, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 BEETS.— No. 26. Six specimens, 1 . 00 . 75 . 50 . 25 CARROTS.— No. 27. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SHELL BEANS.— No. 28. Two quarts, 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 STRING BEANS.— No. 29. Two quarts, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 30. Six ears. 1 . 00 .75 . 50 . 25 TOMATOES.— No. 31. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CUCUMBERS.— No. 32. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SUMMER SQUASH.— No. 33. Three specimens, 1.00 .75 .40 .25 Saturday, September 19 For Children under 14 No. 34. Display of flowers, not to exceed 15 vases, S2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 CHINA PINKS.— No. 35. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 CALENDULA.— No. 30. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 PETUNIA.— No. 37. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ASTERS.— No. 38. Not to exceed 10 vases, . 75 . 50 .25 .25 ZINNIA.— No. 39. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 ]\IARIGOLDS.— No. 40. Not to exceed 10 vases, .75 .50 .25 .25 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 41 . Not to exceed 20 vases, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 42. Vase of Flowers, 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 43. Not to exceed 12 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 SHELL BEANS.— No. 44. Two quarts in pods, . 75 . 50 . 25 . 25 BEETS.— No. 45. Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 .25 .25 CARROTS.— No. 46. Six specimens, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 .25 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 47. Six ears, .75 .50 .25 .25 TO:\IATOES.— No. 48. Six specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 WINTER SQUASH.— No. 49. Three specimens, SI. 00 .75 .50 .25 POTATOES.— No. 50. Twelve specimens, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1925] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 55 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 DISPLAY OF FLOWERS.— No. 51. Not to exceed 15 vases, $2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 PETUNIAS.— No. 52. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 . 25 DAHLIAS.— No. 53. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 . 25 ZINNIAS.— No. 54. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1 . 00 .75 . 50 . 25 MARIGOLDS.— No. 55. Not to exceed 10 vases, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 COSMOS.— No. 56. One large vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WILD FLOWERS.— No. 57. Not to exceed 20 vases, 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. Vase of Flowers, 1.50 1.00 .50 DAHLIAS.— No. 59. Vase, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES.— No. 60. Not to exceed 15 varieties, 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .25 POTATOES.— No. 61. Twelve specimens, ' 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 CARROTS.— No. 62. Six specimens, 1 . 25 1 . 00 . 75 .50 .25 BEETS.— No. 63. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SWEET CORN.— No. 64. Six ears, 1.00 .75 .50 .25 TOMATOES.— No. 65. Six specimens, 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1925 56 CABBAGE.— No. 66. Three specimens, WINTER SQUASH.— No. 67. Three specimens, CELERY.— No. 68. Three specimens, SHELL BEANS.— No. 69. Two quarts in the pod, ONION.— No. 70. Six specimens, S.75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 . 75 . 50 . 25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 SPECIAL PRIZES OFFERED BY SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. S3.00. S2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. S3.00. S2.00. Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those imder 14 3-ears and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting the seed to the arranging of the exhibits. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 2. .30 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and ever}i:hing necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretar}' SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1925 Spring Exhibition May Exhibition Rose and Strawberry Exhibition Sweet Pea Exhibition Children's Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition Dahlia Exhibition Grape Exhibition Annual Fruit and Veg- etable Exhibition Chrysanthemiun Exhibition Thursday, March 19, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 20, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Thursday, May 14, 3 to 9 p. M. Thursday, June 25, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, July 9, 3 to 9 p. m. Saturday, August 22 and September 19 Thursday, August 13, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, September 3, 3 to 9 p.m. Thursday, September 17, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, October 8, 3 to 9 p. m. Thursday, November 5, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, November 6, 9 A. m. to 9 p. m. Other exhibitions will be held on the following Thursday after- noons, open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. June 11, 18, July 2, 16, 23, 30; August 6, 20, 27; September 24; October 1, 15. COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Albert H. Lange, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Edward W. Breed Miss Frances C. Morse Allen J. Jenkins H. Ward Moore Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Edward Warren Lucy M. Coulson Herbert A. Cook Leonard C. Midgley Sumner F. Chamberlain President, Myron F. Converse Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney I I,: 1