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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

SB
1

W9
1882-83

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

WORCESTER COUNTY

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

FOR THE YEAR, 1882.

COMPRISING

ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SECRETARY,

AND OF THE

LIBRARIAN.

PRESS OF CHAS. HAMILTON,
No. 311 Main Street.
i 1883.

LIBRARY

U'JVERSITY OF
IVlASSACHUSEnS

AMHERST, MASS.

i

'' ' ' / s- v^ - 3

NOTE.

The Schedule of Premiums for A. D. 1883, being of more immedi-
ate interest to the members of the Society, the Committee on Publication
would have given it precedence. But concession had to be made to
the professional judgment of the printer, who insisted that the actual
priority of 1882 ought not to be lightly set aside.

Care has been taken in tiie binding, so that those who wish may
separate the Reports from the Schedule.

E. W. L.

WORCESTER COUNTY

HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY.

A. D. 1882.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

Anno Domini 1842, tlie Worcester County Horticultural
Society received and accepted its Act of Incorporation from the
Great and General Court. The Charter was conferred upon
the townsmen and gownmen of Worcester. The mechanic and
yeoman co-operated in a generous rivalry ; and the community at
large, with rare perception of its opportunity, afforded an essen-
tial support.

" A charge to keep, I have ; "

warble the melodious hirelings of the Sects. Forty years have
elapsed and a Trust survives ; witliout other wage for its faithful
performance than the consciousness that you have discharged a
duty, voluntarily assumed, and gratuitously rendered. A gen-
eration has passed away ; but few of our early founders and
benefactors remaining, to be cheered by our grateful recognition
of their disinterested and invaluable services to the cause of
Horticulture; and I am privileged to salute you here, today, not
as devotees of this or that creed ; not as affiliated with the
partisan divisions of the hour ; not as middle-men or Grangers ;
nor even as Sovereigns of Industry or Slaves of the Lamp ; —
but proudly, if simply, as Members of

The Worcester County Horticultural Society !

While England was fairly revelling in a climate like that of
the fabled Atlantis, we, upon this side of the ocean, struggled to

6 WOKCE8TER COUNTY HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. [1882.

maintain heart, with the wind blowing a gale and the mercury
indicating 19° below zero. All through the Perfidious Isle, — an
exception in six or eight years, — the temperature was that of an
unbroken spring ; the face of Nature was wreathed in continual
smiles ; and vegetation, like fruition, progressed without percepti-
ble check. Yet British orchards have failed to yield of their
increase ; and Autumnal Fruits are an utter disappointment.

Here, — the cold was so intense that the trunks of cherry-trees
were riven apart, as in the historical winter of A. D. 1860-61 ;
and the tough canes of the Grape, when not split open, were
killed even with the ground. Not a Peach was placed upon our
tables, A. D. 1882, originated or grown in Worcester County.
Still the fatality was by no means so complete, or irremediable
throughout this city and county, as it was twelve years ago. The
crop of Pears has been fair, at least, since the setting in of Fall
rains : and Apples, such as they may prove, are likely to be in
supply sufficient to satiate tlie foreign market, and destroy tlie
good name of American Fruit ; justly estimating tlie abuses to
which that name will be made subservient.

Under such directly opposite conditions, wherein man has been
powerless for direction or control, what becomes of the theories
tnat were, lieretofore, adequate to account, indiscriminately, for
dearth or plenty ! In England, — a dream of Arcadia, with
scarcely an apple for the Nymphs and Satyrs ! In Massachu-
setts,— blizzards from the North Pole, following closely upon a
frost of such severity, and therefore so premature, as to challenge
the oldest memory ; and thereafter an intense and protracted
drought. Yet all crowned by an Orchard Harvest, if not so
excessive as usual, in the even year ; at worst, large enough ; and
which it would be better for both orchard and owner were it
smaller still.

Hopes have been cherished, that tlie demand upon the trees
would be so much reduced as to re-inforce them in their effort to
bear, in 1883. Instances are frequent, in which some special
cause has prevented, or blighted, fecundity in the even year;
to be succeeded during the next and odd twelvemonth, by a
profusion of bloom and fruit. That we are therefrom authorized
to deduce a rule, is not so clear ; although the hopes, above

1882.] TKANSACTlOSrS. T

mentioned, may be warranted. The Fruit crop of 1883, will be
of interest, as well because of its intrinsic value, as from the
light, however dim, which may be reflected upon a matter now
veiled in dense obscurity. The gain would be incalculable, could
we but discover some method of equalizing the harvests ; diffus-
ing or dispersing them, so to speak, that all might be years of
plenty and not as at present, the alternative of glut or destitu-
tion.

Throughout such a season were your Weekly Exhibitions
continued, without interruption ; until their recent termination at
the close of the ofiicial year. It would be idle to deny, were it
worth the wliile, that they have been somewhat unfavorably
affected i)y the abnormal weather. The extreme frosts, borne
upon piercing winds; and the lack of snow, when most required
for a protection ; were fatal to many flourishing plantations of
Strawberries, whereof a great many were wholly winter-killed.
To those who may urge that reliance should not be placed in
snow, for any such safeguard ; the reply is apt that, when
artificial covering is employed, the super-position of a heavy snow
is sure to smother. Either method of precaution may be wise ;
the chances will have to be taken, whichever is selected. What
plants did survive, aided by propitious and timely rains, were
healthy and prolific. Drought supervened to cut short the yield
that, commencing late, would otherwise have been unusually
protracted.

To that cause was due the almost total failure of the Kasp-
berry. Many varieties, solicited in your schedule, were not
shown at all : some, possibly, because going out of cultivation
with or without reason ; but tlie most from the arid fact that
their berries had dried upon the canes. Of Brinckle's Orange,
that never before failed the writer, he was unable to gather a
pint in all the summer. From Hornet and Northumberland, he
got a scant quarter of their ordinary crop. Other and more
extensive cultivators were scarcely more fortunate : serious losses
being thus occasioned to those who might reasonably anticipate a
fair return from their investment and labor.

The display of Currants, upon our tables, was unusually fine.
But it began and ended there. As the fruit was forming, rains

8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

were almost continuous ; rendering the application of Hellebore
useless, if not impracticable. The necessary consequence being
that the currant-worm ( Abraxis grossidariata), had abundant
opportunity to put in his noxious work. Why people will not
take some slight pains to grow the Currant, and they need be
but slight; why, in consideration of the facility with which it
may be produced, and its fecundity under only careless and
ordinary cultivation, every family with a rod or two of ground
does not devote each inch of space to this, the healthiest of all
fruits for children that matures in the very season when their
vitality is most seriously attacked ; is a puzzle keener than that
of the "Mother" who would provide a gymnasium for her over-
schooled girls, instead of reducing their hours of attendance upon
school ! Of Currants, — notably the Yersaillaise, there was an
ample supply for their especial customers, of the most extreme
size and acidity, upon the boards of one or two prominent
hucksters. Your Secretary has no hesitation in asserting that
Currants can be grown, at a profit, for live cents per quart. Of
course that is not meant as a denial of the pleasure experienced
upon the receipt of a shilling instead. But the actual and
earnest contention is, that the Versaillaise, — preferably the Red
Dutch, can be grown and marketed at a price that shall leave no
excuse for the summer complaint in the families of the poorest ;
and which shall at the same time that it bestows the conscious-
ness of a kindly action, tickle agreeably the pocket nerve.

When your Secretary first explored Apricot street in search of
the Blackberries which our associate (who so rarely sees the
silver lining to a cloud), grows in such abundance ; the heat was
oppressive ; the dust suffocating ; and the tantalizing drops that
were precipitated, in slow distillation, from the threatening
clouds all around the horizon, — a delusion and snare. At that
date, there was no discouragement : the injunction was to expect
the Snyder in a week and the Wachusett in its own good time.
The Snyder and Wachusett both came, in excellent condition,
upon their appointed days. What the hill-side, or a clean, strong,
virgin soil upon a sunny slope, may have done to invigorate, or
secure, is a problem that the writer cannot solve with the facts at
his command. He feels well assured, however, that the crop

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 9

held out better than the market price; and that the early sale to
the horticulturist was more encouraging than the later sacrifice to
the huckster.

The problem of a Public Market, in a City as large as Worces-
ter has now become, is not of the easiest settlement. It has at
least two sides ; while, to many, it presents itself — polygonal.
Yet its advantages are more evident to the writer, with eacli
recurring year. And he doubts not, were one established in some
capacious and central location, that the producers and consumers
of Worcester County might find a common ground, whereon to
meet and traffic to their mutual benefit.

The Summer season has not been propitious for the growth
and maturation of fruit. How then shall we be able to add
anything to the sum of existing knowledge concerning such
varieties as are newer, or but lately introduced to your notice.
Our veteran associate, Mr. Joseph C. Lovell, of West Boylston ;
who has kept up with the times more tenaciously' than most of
us ; does not feel* that he can deduce trustworthy conclusions after
such unwonted climatic experience. He exhibited perhaps a dozen
of the recently developed varieties of Fears at the New England
Agricultural Fair:* but then the skies had been as brass, and
the earth was heated like an oven. Savor, size, or succulence, —
there could be none ; none at least that would aftbrd a satisfac-
tory test of quality and its probable permanence.

The Francis Dana ; and the Student, understood to be one of
the Dana Seedlings, cultivated at the Agricultural College in
Amherst ; were also shown at that Fair by Mr. O. B. Hadwen ; so
mucii of whose attention and time are spared to the diffusion of
thoroughly accredited, or accepted knowledge, at the various
Agricultural Institutes. Your Secretary was subsequently
favored with specimens of both those varieties. The Francis
Dana tilled a vacuum more juvenile than that for which it was
intended ; but of the Student he can frankly say that it appears
to be of good promise. And so little, if not more, he feels can
be expected, hereafter, from the College itself. Its degrees will
be grades, — thoroughbreds or not !

*Eveu their novelty scarcely elicited more thaa a casual glance from the over-
worked Committee. e. w. l.

10 WORCESTER COITnTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

The AnsauU* was exhibited by Mr. Lovell, in his collection at
the N. E. Fair, shrunken in size by the drought and quite small.
Subsequently, at the date assigned in our schedule, it was shown
by the writer : its size and form being then fully developed.
While those who tested its quality on the 12th of Octol)er ult,;
and the epicures of local pomology were of the number ; are not
prepared to endorse the very strong, almost immoderate, praise
by Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry ; they will own that they were
very agreeably impressed with its general character, finding its
flesh juicy, melting, and tempting to a second bite, A continued^
general, and thorough trial of this new variety is advised, for
those who are not content with such as Septeml)er already
yields ; tested as they have been by long and approved experi-
ence.

Earless Bergamot was fruited, in different exposures through-
out this City, during the past year. Our Librarian boasts of
some very fine specimens, maturing later but ho tliinks superior
to those exhibited by Vice-President Parker, in September ult.,
and which so deservedly received your first premium. Those
select specimens were sent to Charles Downing ; of whose
request for scions you are elsewhere advised, and whose original
impression of the character of this new local variety you will
doubtless be pleased to learn. Trace the pen of the ready writer !

Henry L. Parker, Esq.

Dear Sir :

"Newburgh, N. Y., Oct. 8d, 1882

Your kind letter, and also the box of Earle's Bei-guniot Pears, were
received in due time, and would have been answered at once; but I
waited for the pears to ripen.

They are of fair size, handsome, and of very good quality ; highly
vinous and rich, but a little astringent. It appears to be disposed to
rot at the core and soon decays after it is ripe.

Please accept my cordial thanks for the Pears, which I was pleased
to get and which were the first I had seen.

Very Respectfully,

Charles Downing."

*Tlie name by which it was introduced among Nurserj'men, was — Bonne du
Puits (VAnsault. Meissrs. E. & B. have wisely accepted the suggestion looking to
brevity, that was advised in his Report, A. D. 1880, by E. w. L.

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 11

In answer to a note from your Secretary, Mr. Vellette P.
Townsend ; to whom we are indebted for the preservation of the
novel variety from extinction ; responds as follows : —

" QuiNSiGAMOND, Mass., Oct. 18, 1882.
Dear /Sir:

I have never noticed Earle's Bergamot rotting at the core, unless
they have been kept some time after they had become mellow ; when I
think such has been tlie case.

Yours Truly,

V. P. Townsend.
To Edward W. Lincoln, Esq., Secretary."

The merits appreciated by our learned and Honorary Associate,
are all that have been claimed for Earle's Bergamot, in Worces-
ter. Many varieties, of long standing, possess fewer. The
astringency noticed may well be deemed inseparable from its
half-parentage through the Autumn Bergatnot ; — the Fondante
d'Automne standing sponsor for other traits that may be found
to require correction or guidance. Should it continually rot at
the core, as Mr Downing seems to apprehend, it would be a
serious fault. We have, however, to put up with that defect in
other and longer known varieties, — not therefore discarded ; and
the reasons for patience, in this case, may turn out sufficient.
Mr. Downing observes that it '"'■ decays soon after it is ripe.''^ It
occurs to your Secretary that this is a matter wherein prevention
should be tried. Eat them as soon as they are ripe, and suffer
the stomach to settle with posterity.

More seriously, however, — of how many Autumnal Pears can
it be stated with truth, that they will not rot at the core ! Cer-
tainly not of the Citron des Cannes; (Madeleine) ; the BeuTr6
Qiffard\ or that superb ornament and crown of the opening
Autumn, — Clapp's Favorite. Were the case otherwise, all the
laws of Nature would be contradicted, whereby it is provided
that speedy decay shall supervene upon maturity, to remove
simultaneously the offence and its cause. There are things, not
pomological solely, which it is impossible and would be unde-
sirable to keep through hot weather. It is simple common sense,
regarded calmly, and with as much thought as you would bestow

12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, [1882.

I

upon the fit of a new pair of boots, or the bias in a first party
dress.

There can no longer be a reasonable doubt that, in this County
at least, the Grape is to be surely depended on for a crop.
After such a twelvemonth as we have just experienced, little
remains in the nature of climatic changes, or extremes, to
astonish or work ill. The complaint of our most extensive
viticulturists is rather of loss by the Rose-Bug ; whose ravages
are alike sharply felt along Olcan Street or upon the hill-sides
of West Boylston. Would that iron-clad insect but " invite his
soul to loaf " in some vast wilderness ; could some practicable
mode of efi^ecting his destruction only be devised ; it would be
the most unmixed blessing that could be bestowed upon Horti-
culturists everywhere. But it is almost ludicrous to attempt
hand-picking : wliile, to all external applications, they have a
hide as callous as that of a hack politician. What may be
considered as settled, however, is, that Grapes will ripen out-
doors, in three years out of four, if allowed a half-chance ;
exacting, at that, less trouble and time for their cultivation than
any other fruit that can be named. It is of interest, as it may
be useful, to record the fact that the Kogers vine, belonging to
your Secretary, heretofore mentioned as covering a Pear-tree,
survived the terrible exposure of the last Winter wholly
unharmed; when others, comparatively sheltered, were split
open by the frost, or killed down to their roots. May it not be
that the canes of the Grape, if suffered to vibrate with the
winds, will continue as unaffected by the cold as the limbs of
the tree to which its tendrils are attached ?

Is the list of Grapes, virtually recommended by this Society
because placed in its Premium-Schedule ; meagre enough at best ;
creditable to an organization pronounced by Marshall P. Wilder
only not the first in the Union ? Brig?iton, Concord^ Delaware^
Duchess^ Lady^ Moore^ Prentiss^ I'ocklington^ Worden ! and, bj'
way of benediction for the congregation as it separates, ^'' three
chisters of any variety^'' — not excepting those bunches from
Eschol. Many that are new and untried; some which do not
improve upon acquaintance; of the entire list but one — the
.Delaware, — to which the first rank can be accorded, for a

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 13

fecundity almost excessive, a quite general adaptation to our
climate, and a quality that is unexcelled. What recognition is
bestowed upon the Diana ! a native of Massachusetts, of which
the old Commonwealth has every reason to be proud ? Why
should our countenance be averted from the Rogers Hybrids, —
almost universal favorites ; preferred by every one for his indi-
vidual consumption ; and capable of being grown with no more
difficulty than attends the common mob, which possess not even
a vulgar fraction of their merits. Is the oidium your dread
and objection ? Meet, and conquer it ! so long as Wall Street
does not corner all the sulphur in this world ! Let it never be
said, with truth, that there could be no place in your schedule ;
because there was no appreciation by the Society ! for the
Agawam, or Lindley ; the Massassoit, Merrimac, or Wilder.
They have won their own way, so far, by reason of intrinsic
merit ; in despite of early prejudice, later sneers, the contempt
of pseudo-science, and interested opposition. Our members, —
such as can perceive and acknowledge excellence (and who will
take his name from that roll?), grow some, or all, of those
Rogers Hybrids, for the solid enjoyment to be derived from
them when they mature. As that is as much as can be antici-
pated or gained, from other fruits ; — why should this fine class
of Grapes alone be damned with the faintest praise ; or dis-
missed with a shrug of cold shoulder !

Floriculture was the greatest sufferer from the character of
the season. It has been a source of constant wonder, each week,
as our stands and vases presented such a richly furnished appear-
ance, whence all the flowers could be derived ? How there
could be such continued profusion, when it seemed as if there
ought to be absolute dearth ! May your Secretary venture the
explanation that it can all be accounted for by the love for
flowers implanted in our nature ; which will not suffer itself to be
daunted by obstacles; and conquers difficulties interposed to the
growth of the plants that we cherish, so long as those difficulties
are not insuperable.

October 5th, A. D. 1881, the cold suddenly became so intense
as to destroy utterly, root and branch, all out-door plants. Such
an experience was as novel as it was sad : no memory retaining
3

14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL BOCIETT. [1882.

the faintest trace of a similar universal and complete havoc. At
this time of writing, a month later in the current year, many
gardens are gay with brilliant foliage ; Geraniums and Zinnias
vieing with each other which shall present the brightest display,
while huge clumps of the Hydrangea paniculata outshine them
both. In proportion to our discouragement, a twelvemonth
since, has been our subsequent good cheer. Regretting heartily
all the individual losses caused by that unparalleled fatality, let
us profit by its warning ; — so to conduct our operations, keeping
them well in hand, as to expose ourselves to the minimum of
misfortune, should the worst to which we are liable actually
befall us. With such and so much prevision, we should not have
but ourselves to blame ; the humblest pie that can be eaten !

The system of Weekly Exhibitions, whether of Flower or
Fruit, appears to be universally accepted in our Society ; and
commends itself, the more it is understood, to thoughtful Horti-
culturists everywhere. A week is not too long to anticipate or
predict maturity ; should acceleration or delay of some especial
exhibit become necessary. A fierce storm or an untimely frost
may occur on a Friday — dies infausta! and seven days there-
after you will have met and compared notes upon the cause and
extent of the common calamity. Whatsoever is good you may
know in season : if a week must elapse before a conviction of
evil is brought home to you, delay cannot be deemed an unmiti-
gated curse. At those Weekly Exhibitions, you behold flowers
and fruits in their freshness and prime. Some day, the "science
and practice" of Horticulture will demand tliat selected varieties
of flowers and fruit shall be exhibited for as many weeks in
succession as possible, to determine when each fruit matures ;
how long it continues unimpaired ; and what may be its entire
duration, without fading or decay. And a fortunate solution of
that probleui would be worth more to Horticulture, and humanity
(if the latter has any claim to consideration), than awards of a
hundred dollars to this or that monotonous sequence of stands of
Cut Flowers; wherein beauty, form, and fragrance, are alike
confused and lost.

Annual Exhibitions^ so-called ; whereby is intended the aggre-

1882,] TRANSACTIONS. 15

gation and conglomeration of every thing floriferous or pomolog-
ical that Noah, were he now afloat, would make a part of his
cargo — "for keeps"; are obsolete so far as this Society is
concerned. Their size oppresses ; their cond act is " too previous ";
their results unprofitable otherwise, when not impecunious. What
true Horticulturist would willingly behold their like again !

The Floral Display, at the New England Agricultural Fair,
while the drought was at its worst, was unexpectedly good. Our
own members contributed to a visible and great extent, as has
been their invariable custom in past years. There were superior
exhibits, also, from some who, although members of our Society,
have hitherto refrained from gracing our tables, declining to
subject themselves to that criticism somewhat too keen, which
breathes through the atmosphere of our Hall, — not always in
zephyrs! All such should bear in mind that the storm purifies,
if it disturbs, and that stagnation is but the sure precursor of death.

A very fine display of Gladiolus, from the Vicks of Rochester,
N. Y. ; the death of whose father is such a recent and sore loss to
Horticulture ; merits particular notice. There were excellent
specimens of the approved varieties ; whose names are not
recited here, because it would be repeating the catalogue of all
that has been found choicest, and best-deserving cultivation. In
addition, were Bryant, Brunette, Edwin Booth, Henry Clay,
Holmes, Innocence, Longfellow, and Bainbow ; all which are
recent introductions from that celebrated establishment ; and
of which it is not too much to assert that they are worthy of their
origin.

Then, again the proper season for Exhibitions ! Grant that a
Knox stallion may be in trim to show his paces, or proportions,
during early September ; it does not follow, even if the parallels
of latitude run a pretty even course, that colts from the Vermont
Morgan can respond to the judicial bell in a dozen false starts.
Haying may be finished in Connecticut, or Massachusetts ; when
they would be grinding scythes among the pines, or drilling for
ensilage, if such furtive allusion is permissible. And so with
Fruit and Vegetables. New England may be of limited area, if
contrasted with other territorial sections of the Republic. Yet
her acres must be measured by degrees, whether of latitude or

16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

longitude : while, for diversity of production, letting alone its
excellence for the present, she is not obliged to usurp her
Y)Oshion— primus inter pares. And still, because of tliat very
diversity, there can scarcely be unity. What is the meat of one
man may be the poison of another. HaWs Early might come
up from Connecticut, as it has in former years ; and. with the
Cooledge and Foster in its company, challenge successful rivalry.
But, from three States, at least, there could be no response, in
Nature ; while such as Art might supply would not be tolerated
by honest yeomen. On the other hand, at a later date, — the
farmsteads of New Hampshire and Maine might fairly revel in
the golden glory of a superb liarvest. But, at the same time, the
Gardens and Orchards, perchance the tillage, along the lower
Connecticut and Thames; the Blackstone, and the Cliarles ;
would be rolled " together as a scroll," "the leaf falling off from
the vine, and the falling iig from the fig-tree." Here the
Astrachan and Bartlett were long sin(;e out of date ; sweet corn,
the Lima-Bean, and Tomato, might barely linger ; and a clump of
Salvia, or a scattering Aster, endure, to attest the wealth of the
floriage that once enriched the landscape. To the Northward, —
all those genera and species would be in their prime, of exceeding
abundance and in pre-eminent quality.

Nevertheless the times and seasons : seed-time and harvest ;
are nowhere inexorably adapted to each other by Nature : nor
can the wit of man fit them to one and the same inevitable
groove. Parallels, whether of latitude or longitude, are not
simply, nor wholly, metes and bounds for a theoretical space.
They actually define limitations, or at least conditions of climate
within which Ceres, however inconsolable, must circumscribe her
wanderings.

So far as concerns the interests of Horticulture, within the
County of Worcester, this Society might be satisfied to let well
enough alone. We could continue, as at present, inviting dis-
plays of Garden and Orchard products, each successive week,
thereby promoting rivalry and developing absolute quality. But
if, upon special occasions, other Exhibitions are to be held, under
indifferent and somewhat alien auspices ; prompted more by a
greed for gain than by the nobler motive of advancing local

1882,] TRANSACTIONS. 17

floriculture and pomology ; may it not be worth considering, at
least, if our entire duty is discharged by inaction ? Whether, in
short, our efforts should not be directed in aid of, and in
co-operation with, those who would lay broad and deep the found-
ations of a Massachusetts Terk^cultural Society ! to compre-
hend everything as suitable for its Annual Exhibitions that shall
appear to enhance the comforl or afford the sustenance of man.

" Homo sum; humimi nihil a me aliemim puto."
TerrcecuUvTol in name ! since room, nor occasion, should be left
for cavil that Agriculture, or Horticulture, were not specifically
mentioned. No dignity could be compromised by submission to
such a primacy ; nor would the susceptibilities of existing societies
be wounded ; consulted as they should be about matters of
organization and detail. Massachusetts has never possessed a
State Agricultural Society, although deriving great benefit from
the existence of a vigilant and well-endowed voluntary associa-
tion. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society might perhaps,
at first thought, object to surrender its Annual Autumnal
Exhibitions ; although the saving from their relinquishment ;
partially attended, and inadequately supported as they are ;
would enable it to extend still wider its usefulness in other fields.
Our own Society, having long since found that the game was not
worth the candle, is already free to concur in any well-advised
and judicious plan to develop and stimulate the cultivation of the
earth, to the uttermost perfection whereof it may be found capable.
Much that precedes goes upon the assumption that Worcester
will be found the most suitable location for Annual Exhibitions
by the proposed Society. But yet, one change would be inevi-
table. The present Agricultural Park is thoroughly equipped
with the necessary sheds for animals ; and its area was just proved
sufiicrently capacious for all the absolute requirements of similar
occasions. Yet trials of speed between horses of approved, or
anticipated merit, have a conceded fascination ; and it is a rule
with all successful purveyors for public amusement, or recreation,
to get the best. But tlie best cannot be got to peril life and limb
around the sharp curves of a half-mile course. The Society of
the Future therefore, whether of Worcester County only, or of
the whole State, should betake itself to the Peat Meadow, so-called;

18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

constructing a mile track wliich would insure speed from its very
nature ; and arranging its sheds around the gravel upland, now
drained naturally ; of abundant -area, and of suflBciently easy
access. To such grounds all would be irresistibly drawn who
would go anywhere. Upon such a track, the owners of Maud S.
and St. Julien, might be tempted to trust their winged coursers ;
and no one can doubt, were that trust shown, how strong would
prove the attraction. The false start and the scrub-race, gather
in, even now, a surprising lot of shekels, under the present feeble
dispensation. Let all things become new ! and what shall hinder
the saints of the latter evangel from raking in the pool ?

What the Rink has become, with the recent extensive altera-
tions of the building, and the radical development of the adjacent
grounds, is plainly manifest, as it has been widely noticed and
acknowledged. Ample rooin ; features of attraction for the
multitude, manifold, and various enough for every taste ; acces-
sible from all quarters : and of facile egress for the individual or
a crowd ; it leaves little to be desired in the matter of accommo-
dation and convenience. An Industrial Exhibit could be devised,
of artistic and mechanical models ; such as Worcester could
furnish alone ; but in which she should be proud to compete with
her thrifty sisters throughout the Commonwealth. The acute
genius and cunning hand of Massachusetts might be relied upon
to fill up every foot of space.

But what would become of Flora and Pomona f Our own
Hall will welcome them, as is fitting ; and herein shall they find
hospitality and congenial rest. There should be no separate
charge for admission ; the aim of the Horticulturist being the
perfection of species and the instruction of a people. Inferior
specimens being excluded, where quality should be established as
the test ; room would be in plenty for the displays of average
years. And there is no danger of the standard being held too
high : rather is the peril ever imminent, from good-natured
officials, of tolerating the entry of that which is obviously and
essentially defective, in the easy-going assurance that the judges
will discern its imperfections.

Were such a Society founded, I think that I do not risk much
in pledging your cordial and earnest co operation, whether indi-

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 19

vidually, or as an organized association. In these latter days, as
of yore, it is not always sufficient to spread the tables and issue
invitations to the feast. Yon must now, also, go out into the
highways and lanes and compel them to come in ! There are
thousands in this very City : — how many more throughout the
County and State ! whose knowledge and appreciation of Flowers
and Fruits is restricted to the very primer of Horticulture ; and
who, in the tendency townward of every population, bid fair to
grow up in total ignorance of the most primitive agriculture and
its commonest fauna. The Annual Holiday holds out a bright
promise to all such, at the close of a year of monotonous toil.
Its charms may be perhaps of the earth, — earthy : but w(! are
not all angels, nor would it pay to masquerade in celestial tulle.
As the poet describes his actual Woman. —

" A creature not too briglit, or good
For human nature's daily food,"

SO those who purvey wisely for mortal cravings, and wants, will
take heed to supply amusement and relaxation. As it were,
injecting instruction insidiously, and in manner and measure as
it can best be borne. " All work and no play, makes Jack a
dull boy !" Nor is Jonathan an exception. Swings and flying-
horses ; electric lights and novel fireworks ; may be but lures, it
is true. Yet they are harmless, only as such ; and become
downright useful, when they induce the heedless, or ignorant, to
bestow so much as a casual glance upon objects of greater merit
and of intrinsic excellence.

In the issue of the " Gardeners' Chronicle'''' (London) for
Kov. 26, A. D. 1881 ; referring to those who " are largely
planting fruit-trees at the instance of Mr. Gladstone, and of
well-stocked nurserymen " (*) a "Victim to Pomona" complains
bitterly that they may read " with all the profit they will ever
get " his account of last Saturday's (I9th) sales in Covent Garden :

£ s. d.

7 Bushels Josephine (?) pears 1 7 6

9 " Glout Morceau " 2 0 6

\ " late (Gansel's) ( " Bergatnot '"? ) 0 3 0

5 " Glout Morceau (small) 0 10 0

4 " ■ Strikes Knight's Monarch 0 7 0

Apples.

\\ Bushels Ribston Pippin 0 10 0

* "iCan such things be " ? E. W. L.

20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

He adds that " the sales were not made on commission, nor
bj auction ; but, with long endurance, at his own stand." He
" threw awa}' another bushel for every one sold ; — for Pears
perish rapidh- this year."* To " encourage vegetable grotvers,''' he
would say that beautiful cauliflowers are at eight (8) for 6d.

•' When the price of fruit was at its best, and I was comparatively
young and sanguine, one of our leadiuy: nurseryraeu observed to me : —
' Ah, sir I it pays a long way better to grow the trees than the truit,
even when you can get it.' Twenty-five years have I now been a
fruit-grower, and in one season only has the produce paid the wages, —
let alone manure, repah's, interest on capital." &c.. &c.

Have none of you ever heard ; may I just hint ? uttered, similar
complaints ? Was that querulous discontent warranted by the
actual facts ? Towards the close of A. D. 1881, the American
Agriculturist stated that " there had been a great decline in the
price (of Apples) according to their latest advices. Boston
Baldwins sold in Liverpool, on the last da}' of November, at 9s.
to 14s., the demand being light, and tlie fruit arriving in poor
condition. At those prices there can be little profit to any one."
Commenting upon this, ^^ The Garden'''' (London) replies that
"there must have been misinformation. Newtowns have lately
been bringing as much as 55s. a barrel, and Baldwins have
recently brought as much as 2os. in Liverpool. False and
rotten Newtowns have fetched the price they deserved. The
quality is poor this }'ear, though there must be a few fair speci-
mens to bring such prices."

Quality I quality! quality I There, in one word, you have the
whole secret. Insist upon it, to create confidence: and insist
upon it all the more, to retain that trnst when it has been
bestowed! A foreign demand, once firmly established, will re-
act upon the home market. Not that it is desirable to put the
price out of reach of any class of our own people ; to whom
Fruit should be, what it is far from being now, an article of
customary daily diet. But skilful cultivation and conscientious
selection can make each specimen worth two cents; and any one

•Opinions, as to that, upon this side of the Ocean, were widely divergent at that
time. £. w. L.

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 21

who has ever filled a barrel with Apples can easily compute for
himself whence comes that return of 25 shillings sterling. The
Orchard should be, and can be made, the most valuable property
of the New England farmstead. A property wherefrom a
larger and surer profit may be derived, at the least expense of
labor and trouble. But this will not be achieved, by going
about various business throughout eleven months of the year ;
expecting to gather a perfect crop, without other toil than that
of picking, in t)ie harvest moon. The trees must be tended with
vigilance, and generously nurtured ; for at one and the same
time, they are exhausting the soil and themselves. Above all, —
must Insects be fought with relentless purpose. Men set out an
Orchard and then consider their work done. They do not
anticipate such easy returns when plariting corn or potatoes ;
but cultivate continually, and without grudging the labor, until
tlie field can be laid by, securely. Not until the Orchard is
allowed its proper rank ; as a means of supplying sustenance,
and a chief bread-winner ; will the harvest become what it can
surely be made. It is true enough that success caimot always
be compelled ; no matter what may have been the preliminary
diligence and precaution. But it is still more certain that
Fortune will not intrude upon those who avoid her, or evince
indifierence to her favors. The desire to possess and enjoy fine
specimens is not limited to those who frequent our Exhibitions.
Their multitude is as great as the love of fruit is general. And,
while not all can buy choice Apples, or Pears ; it is beyond
dispute, so rapidly has the common taste been educated by this
and kindred Societies, that there will soon be no demand at all
for fruit that is evidently inferior.

But yet it is common rumor that our lanes and country roads
are even now ravaged by what may well be termed Orchard-
Scavengers. It is currently reported that buyers are scouring
tlie outlying towns of this County, contracting for any and every
thing ; indifierent whetlier it may or not be mature ; and reckless
of future consequences so long as a present market is in
immediate prospect. The veteran pomologists who hear me,
know that a nice barrel of Apples cannot be packed in this, the
year of abundance, without extreme precaution. You have heard
4

22 WOKCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

what return for unscrupulous ventures may be expected, in the
statement of ^^ The ^ar<^6?i" that "false and rotten Newtowns
fetched the price they deserved." The Liverpool and London
markets are not peculiar as to that. New York dumps her
decaying Strawberries and Peaches into the docks. Worcester
lets them severely alone ; or charitably supplies them as food for
the occasional suckers that evade the dams a-down the Blackstone.
Li scarcely any trade, so sharply as that in fruit, is it as
thoroughly determined that " honesty is the best policy." It is
the duty of the members of this Society to advance, — not degrade.
Horticulture. It is, as well, their interest ; whether they have
fruit or flowers to put upon the market, or would become
purchasers of either ; to frown upon chicanery, expose fraud,
and denounce deliberate imposture. This Horticultural Society
represents the Pomology of a County that accepts no secondary
position, flunkeyism to the contrary, notwithstanding. Here, —
were leading varieties originated, that have found wide recogni-
tion ; and here, if we are true to Nature and our own manhood,
will they never lack a complete development or be permitted to
degenerate.

In this connection, I make no apology for introducing a letter
from our learned associate, Charles Downing, whose every word
should be treasured as the apples of the Hesperides ;

" Newburgh, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1882.
Edward W. Lincoln, Esq.

Dear Sir:

Many thauks for a copy of the Transactions of the Worcester County
Horticultural Society for 1881, in which I have been much interested ;
and I like the departure from the old plan.*

The Hubbardston Nonesuch, to niy taste, is the perfection of an
apple, containing just sufficient sugar and acid for a firstclass eating
apple, and also for cooking without sugar. Yet some who are accus-
tomed to condiments, and high-seasoned food, would not think so.
The tree is a good grower, good bearei", and the fruit generally fair and
handsome. I believe it would make a profitable apple to ship, but
think it should be gathered a few days earlier than for home use, or
before fully ripe, or the usual time. They should be shipped as soon

*Weekly, instead of large Annual Exhibitions, often without other merit than
size. E. w. L.

1882.1 TRANSACTIONS. 23

as they can be got ready and the weather is cool enough. When the
English people know its worth it will be in great demand.*

If they could grow this apple in Maine, in as good perfection as we
do, it would be a valuable shipping apple to them, because they could
ship them a month or so later than you could.

If you have the following varieties, I will be much obliged if you
will send me three or four cuttings of each, by mail, viz : — Sterling ;
Sutton Beauty ; Leicester Sweet ; Worcester Spy ; and Earle's Berga-

raot Pear.

***♦»***

Very Respectfully,

Charles Downing."

I know that you will accept my assurance that the request for
scions of some of our highly valued local fruits met with a
faithful response. They are now sure to be closely watched and
subjected to an assiduous scrutiny and test which will go far to
determine their general merits.

A radical change was initiated, during the past Horticultural
Year, by a re-construction of your Committees of Award. " In
the multitude of councillors will be found safety ! " is the mono-
tone of the parrots who put their mouths in the dust, as they fall
down in Tremont street and adore ! an im.ago^ — " whose feet are
of miry clay." " Ex uno disce omnesP'' exhorts your Secretary,
recalling the prophets of all time and beholding the disciples, as
they "consider the lilies of the field" at the bidding of their
Solitary Teacher.

A single expert was designated in each division, whether of
Floriculture or Pomology ; whose decisions must, necessarily, be
unanimous, and were designed to be final. If exception has been
taken to their judgment, in any case, it can only be explained by
the incompetency of the judges ; or because competitors, in their
first disappointment, took an appeal to themselves from the
authorized decision. This Society has exhausted every known
and approved method of apportioning rewards of merit, saving
only the cold and bloodless test by a scale of points. It has
never yet tried the experiment of allowing each contributor to
appraise the comparative rank of his own articles. So long as

*Thls emphatic commendation of ttie Hubbardston Nonesuch was doubtless
inspired by the suggestion of that Apple in the Report of the Secretary for A. D.
1881, as one that would seem most suitable and desirable for export.

' K. W. L.

24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

tastes diifer ; while humanity continues to be fallible ; until
selfishness ceases to influence mortal motives and actions ; we
must do the best that is within our power ; "with charity for all,
with malice towards none."

There has appeared lately, after much preliminary flourish, a
new version of the Christian Bible, wherein great things are
ascribed to the power of Love ! Your Secretary has no reason to
go back upon Cupid, or Venus ; nor will he now take their names
in vain. But to those who are not continually asking, — " Show
us some new thing ! " — and can rest satisfied with the faith as it
was revealed to the Saints, it is known that

"Charity suffeveth long and is kind: Charity envieth not: * *
doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily
provoked, thinketh no evil ;

Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth
all things."

Behold Ideal Horticulture, at its Weekly Exhibitions, as
portrayed in plenary inspiration !

In all the races of this world some must lead. Call it one
man's luck, or another's misfortune, if you will ; it is neverthe-
less as certain as fate that, where there is an ap])ointed goal, but
one can attain it, while his rivals must be left behind. And, in
an honorable struggle, it implies nothing discreditable if we
achieve only the second place. In any event, we have done our
best. He who surpasses us has done no more, although his best
happens to excel ours. Can we not emulate the Spartan mother
who made this noble reply to those who would poison her mind
with "envy, hatred, and malice," because another had been
preferred to her son ; — " Shall I not rejoice that Sparta has
worthier citizens!" Her son had not fallen in her estimation,
but ! how infinitely rich was the City that had found his
superior !

There are some, who abstain from contributing to our Exhi-
bitions because of the ill-nature whose unchecked display is but
too painfully manifest. We need the hearty aid and co-operation
of all, to " advance the science and promote the practice of
Horticulture." We should invite recruits, and cheer on new

beginners.

" There is a Reaper, whose name is Death."

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 25

His annual harvest has been garnered. It comprehends the
loss of jonr best and wisest. Shall their places remain for ever
vacant 'i The response must come from this audience, and more
especially from the community at large. Our ranks have been
depleted rapidly during the later years ; and, if we would not
allow this time-honored and almost historic Society to sink into
senility and decrepitude, the ambition of youth must be
awakened ; — manhood and womanhood alike being challenged to
an unselfish enmlation. Men placed themselves in training for
years, in ancient times and in lieathen countries, to obtain a
wreath of laurel or a crown of parsley. The victor was hailed
with enthusiasm, and all joined in according the due meed of
praise to iiis pre-eminence. Has human nature degenerated ; or
is Christianity gone to seed ; in this Nineteenth Century ?
" Tempora nnitantur:" shall the rest of the proverb justify
itself ! Hitherto an Apple has been called — MaiclerCs Blush.
Shall a future Committee on Nomenclature be constrained to
review that appellation and, selecting one more pertinent and
adhesive, decide that, after all, it was but a synonym for the old
Female Clieek !

Among our other misfortunes, this season, we have been
largely exempt from the plague- of Blight. In an admitted
deficiency of crop, it was something not to lose the very Orchard.
The cause, or nature, of Blight, as generally recognized, still
continues a profound mystery. There are theorists, in plenty ;
just as you might have found a score eager and quick to explain
why cylinder-heads blew off; or the walking-beam came to an
equipoise; during late '* Republican " caucuses !

Nothing more definite is known concerning it than in the time
of Dr. Lindley, whose character was once summed up thus
tersely : — " No one ever united exacter knowledge with better
power of conveying it in simple, lucid English." And that
patriarch of modern scientific and practical Horticulture, among
English-speaking races, openly confessed his ignorance: —

"Blight? A bliglit is a sun-stroke, or a frost-bite; a plague of
insects, or of fungi; a paralysis of the roots, a gust of bad air: it is
wetness, it is dryness ; it is heat, it is cold ; it, is plethora, it is starva-
tion; in shoit, it is any thing that disfigures or destroys foliage."

26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

May T not add, to that concise epitome, — and saps life !

The Glout Morceau has almost passed into oblivion. The
Belle Lucrative perhaps can yet be found in an ocecasional
garden. The Beurri Supei'fin filled two or three plates at
our Exhibition of Sept. 28th ult. It may still be impossible
to define the precise nature of Blight, — evil as it is, and evil
only. But, at the worst, we can profit by the instructions of
accredited Revelation, wherein it is declared that

" A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt
tree bring forth good fruit."

" Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down and
cast into the fire."

Almost Nineteen Centuries have passed away ; Evolution is
dominant, and Ensilage rank ; Rivers and Harbors are at flood-
tide, — the vision of Senator Benton being curiously realized,
wherein a stream of " the Hard, Sir !" stems and surmounts the
current of the Mississippi ; the land of the Pyramids is fore-
closed by English Bond-Holders, and Royal Mummies are in
the market ; but the question still is, — how much more do you
know, in the premises, than was presented in the gospel of the
original reporter; and the only one known, or ever likely, to be
sainted — Matthew ?

Our Hall has been shrewdly and profitably managed, when
not required for our exclusive use ; and great credit is due to the
Janitor for the revenue that it has been made to yield, and the
good condition in wliich it is left. But there are repairs that
cannot be deferred longer ; which cannot help being expensive ;
yet which, made cheaply to avoid outlay, were better not done at
all. A new floor is absolntely indispensable, if we would retain
those old friends, who have hitherto adhered to us ; or attract
others who have not yet learned that, all else being equal, there
is an incomparable advantage in having to surmount but a single
flight of stairs. We cannot afford to let our Hall depreciate.
Competition is so keen, now-a-days, tluit a very sliglit superiority,
or prospect of trifling gain, sufiice to decide tlie election. The
Grange never comes near ns, — Terrseculturists as we are, alike :
since it can hire cheaper of an Insurance Company. And still

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 27

Insurance Companies would think it strange indeed, were Gran-
gers and Horticulturists to refuse their policies because of their
unseciTily position as Middlemen ! — letting Halls for hire. Lat-
terl}' if a half-dozen men associate themselves for any purpose, it
matters not what ; — their first act is to engage a Hall, by under-
letting which they calculate, and generally contrive, to hold
themselves harmless. They pay no tax as a Society : they
contribute nothing to the public treasury : but tlie}' do impair
the ability of others who must depend upon the support of the
community to meet their honest engagements.

Nor are we alone : the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
has to struggle with similar eml>arrassments. True, — no Grange
withholds its patronage ; since tlie hard-tisted j'eomanry of
Suftblk County use but little hayseed in dressing their hair ; and
seldom tickle a hog, except just before election. But the noble
tribe of We Cannot Dig ! with their congeners, — To Beg We are
Ashamed ! know of no method of accepting a livelihood, so easy
for one thoroughly and incurably lazy, as this modern piracy of
sub-leases.

Yet we do possess the paramount advantage of owning our
building, honestly paid for ; and of being able to surrender the
second floor, from time to time, to public occupation and enjoy-
ment. If, borne down by the weiglit of taxation ; unjust, since
it singles out Horticulture for the sole object of oppressive
discrimination ; there is all the more reason why we should
approve ourselves equal to the emergency. Improve our interior;
adorn the spacious panels with the expressive features of our
departed worthies ; lay down a floor suitable for the utmost
exactions of the modern dance ; " hang out our banner upon the
outer walls ! " so that he who runs may read our dedication and
purposes ; and thereafter we can confidently challenge, and as
safely defy competition. All our appointments, however, must
be of the best. Our permanent prosperity as a Society depends
upon the continuance of a sufiicient revenue from our Real
Estate. That may be assured ; if we will but recognize the
demands of the present hour and anticipate those of the imme-
diate future.

28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

At the annual meeting of your Trustees, it was voted :

" That the Secretary^ in conjunction with the Finance Committee, be
directed to dispose of obsolete or useless property of the Society ; and
have full power to provide a sufficient supply of plates or dishes for
use at Exhibitions."

Under that authorization, it has been found practicable to sell
a portion of our dishes and furniture which the Society had
outgrown. But it has not been deemed wise ; nor was it
supposed to be your purpose ; to throw away property, whetlier
obsolete or useless. Somewhat has been sold and tlie proceeds
thereof converted into the treasury : what remains will, when
realized in cash, by so much dimaiish the cost of renovation.

In procuring the new set and style of dishes, your Secretary,
and Committee were greeted by a courteous proffer from the
Horticultural Society of Newton ; through Mr. E. W. Wood, so
pleasant!}' known to you ; of the gratuitous use of their moulds.
Mr. Phelps, of the Committee, who visited the various Potteries
around Boston, in person ; as from his individual skill, and
acquaintance with the business, he ought ; and, in fact, was alone
competent so to do ; discovered deficiencies that rendered it
impossible to avail ourselves of that considerate kindness. Mr.
Richard Briggs, — the eminent dealer in all such and kindred
forms of merchandise, — was luckily possessed of suitable moulds;
and a bargain was soon struck with him. An unconscionable
time has been consumed, but you have at last got your dishes ;
and, — at worst, one month of the year was unexpired. They
satisfy all but the chronic grumblers ; and tlieir ancestors fretted
continually because the prevailing winds drove in nothing but
manna and quails !

For the significance of the device you must confess indebted-
ness to Mr. Phelps. His rare knowledge as a numismatologist ;
with the aid of coins which he was able to produce for
patterns ; slightly chastened and corrected bj the heathen
proclivities of your Secretary ; combined in that rare cross-
fertilization of Ceres and Flora to whom the angel must have
app»eared in a simultaneous and fructifying dream. Mr. Phelps
has accepted a position in the Federal Department of Agricul-
ture. Let us congratulate the Department upon its acquisition of

1882,] TRANSACTIONS. 29

the services of one whose approved science and applied practice
were second to none in this great Pomological County. Let us
deplore the fact that the fancied exigencies of Politics degrade
the original State so far beneath the supplementary and condi-
tional Kepublic, that it has become better to be a doorkeeper in
a secondary Department than the custodian of the ark of the
covenant !

" I have been young, and now am old ; yet have I not seen the
righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread."

But you can see, if you use your eyes, incorporated and
endowed Societies usurping exclusive use of the faculties of an
expert associate ; working, as it were, a willing horse to his
death ; taking exception to his discharge of duty, however
faithful ; carping at his decisions, because not enuring to the
private benefit of the censor ; and, finally,— rgrudging the minute
and miserable compensation that^is set apart to defray the loss,
and waste, of time honestly devoted to an impartial and upright
adjudication.

Tliere is one tendency, in Societies like our own, which grows
more and more evident and importunate ; but which cannot be
too sedulously fended or avoided. It smacks and savors of the
shop, so to speak ; and, in the presence of an audience like this,
it needs not to be proclaimed for the first time, that the foot-
steps of the seller should succeed, not guide, those of the pro-
ducer. The shop must sell, to live ; and to that end its goods
and wares must conform to the laws of demand and supply.
The shop asks only, — Will people buy this flower? Can I
dispose of this fruit at a profit to myself? What price can
these Apples, most likely, be made to fetch ? Now all such
questions, — howsoever essential to the solution of the bread-and-
butter problem, — are not comprised within the mission of Horti-
culture. The doctors of that, as of any other Science, must take
neither scrip nor staft". They must preach their gospel for the
very love of it. Not because the salary is snug ; not because
the congregation is fashionable and wealthy ; nor even because
the priesthood gives position and prestige : but simply from the
ingrained conviction that there is truth to be told and that it
5

30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

must be spoken at any inconvenience or cost. Chartered, Forty
Years ago, " to advance the Science and promote the Practice of
Horticulture ;" it is your bounden duty to keep inviolate the
trust committed to you ; to maintain, untarnished, the reputation
achieved by your predecessors ; and to guard that Science, and
Practice, so jealously that their detriment may never be attri-
buted to you.

That primacy of the shop ; the predominance of technicality,
so to speak ; had grown so painfully conspicuous in England, to
the manifest injury of the best interests of Floriculture ; that
" The Garden " was compelled to the subjoined deliverance. In
reply to Rev. S. Reynolds Hole, President of the National Rose
Society, whose contention was that, admitting the charms of
A^lpine or Scotch Roses, they must concede the superiority of
La France, Charles Lefebvre, and Marechal Niel ; — " The
Garden'''' asserts that

"The interest of Rose Gardens is, we have reason to know, injured
by the exclusive attention paid to Show Roses."

"Apart from single Roses, and such good shrubby roses as R.
Brunoni, there are a number of Roses thrown into undeserved neglect
owing to the never ending selection for showing purposes. Fortune's
Yellow, — excluded from the list of Show-roses sent out by the
National Rose Society ; aiid Fortune's Yellow, garlanding one of the
pillars in the kitchen garden at Blenheim, — a lovely sight, — explains
the ease."

" Is not the National Rose Society composed almost wholly of
Exhibitors of Roses, or part Exhibitors? If so, — we can scai'cely
expect them to take so much interest in the Rose in the Gai'den, and
in making our homes and gardens more beautiful by her aid ; — though
in no way difficult. We love a good Rose as much as any Florist in
England ; but, in the course of many wanderings in quest of the
beautiful in gardens, the fact that the Rose, as a garden plant ; its
growth in a graceful as well as vigorous manner ; and the good eflects
in the garden landscape ; are things unseen, is constantly forced upon
us. On the other hand, nearly every garden is spoiled, except from a
comic point of view, by roses on broomsticks."

" In short, the loveliest plant that graces this world of flowers is,
from a variety of causes, made the ugliest in habit and in its effects."

The precisian errs to the excess of extreme fastidiousness.
This, of itself, may work no evil, as a guide for individual con-
duct : but it can enure only to the injury of a Society that should

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 31

develop, not compel, eclecticism. The poultry fancier breeds
to a feather, — indifferent to the yield of eggs or the character of
the meat. The later Wamba, — son of Witless, — who is " deep
in the blood of Coomassie," to cite the current slang of the
gamblers in Fancy Stock, exults in such sanguinary pedigree and
finds scant merit in any whiter tongue ! You have just listened
to the censure visited upon the especial Rosarians of England.
And still, it is but a little more than a year since a list of 48
Hybrid Perpetual Roses was recommended by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, wherein the name of the Gen. Jacque-
minot might be sought, in vain. Yet where will you lind its
superior for general cultivation, properly estimating its hardi-
ness, beauty, and fragrance !

Prove all things and hold fast to that which is good. The
Wilson StravJberry has its merits, — how much so ever they may
be denied; not the least being that it can take such good care of
itself. The Williams Bon ChrStien or Bartlett; — that " noble
Pear," as Downing terms it ; is such a general favorite that not
even sneers, nor the cold shoulder, have enabled the Beurre
d' Amanlis, or the Doyenne Boussoc to push it aside or supplant
it in popular esteem.

But still, veteran Pomologists are reluctant to admit the
merits of the Cornice, because, forsooth ! it does not succeed
with themselves ; and dispute the possession of any good quali-
ties by the Washington, although, in the judgment of Downing,
it is " a beautiful American Pear of very excellent quality."
Take from the list of Apples, a half-dozen varieties to which no
one would except, and what name can you propose that will not
be, at once and generally, challenged ? But a few years
since, — and with what difficulty was the Beurre Base suffered
among the choicer Pears whicli this Society advised the com-
munity to cultivate ! It is not so many years ago that the late
Charles Richardson exliibited Triomphe de Gand Strawberries,
for six successive weeks, in this Hall, that were never since
equalled by the specimens of any variety, — whether you consider
fecundity, size, or quality. But the Triomphe became unpopular
as it was found that it must be grown with the sweat of the
brow ; and the name of its ceaseless successors is legion. Which

32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

of them all stands in as high repute as does that old and tried
variety, even now ? How many of them all have not, figura-
tively speaking, surviving Drought and kindred ills, disappeared
beneatli the dead sea of oblivion !

Prove all things, if you will, and as you will I but, — hold fast
to a good thing when you have it in hand.

Prove all things ! And, above all, test first the healthy
growth and fecundity, in our immediate vicinity and throughout
our extended County, of every new local variety. Diffuse a
knowledge and disperse scions of Earle's Bergamot ! not alone
as a tribute to the memory of our late learned associate, but that
it may be determined satisfactorily if its high quality in
Worcester necessarily deteriorates in Fitchburg or Southbridge.
Disseminate the Worcester Spy I no matter how you view its
eccentric and concentric namesake, — a variety now localized,
whencesoever its actual origin. Keep an expectant and watchful
eye upon the Dav'son ! that new seedling, so lately introduced to
your notice. Of these two latter varieties, be their future what
it may, this at least may now be said, by men of keen and
accurate judgment ; who form their own opinions, never accept-
ing them at second-hand ; that each is beautiful to a degree
almost unrivalled, each is sprightly and vinous, each matures
when you have little else and certainly nothing of like quality :
both conforming to the far-sighted and wise exaction of Marshall
P. Wilder that fruit shall be " to the manner born " ; and both at
home in Worcester County \ Cannot the Leicester Sweet and
the Sterling ; the Mother and the Huhbardston Nonesuch accord
to them all honor and recognition '{ Can they not, possibly,
yield a secondary rank to the Red Russett ; naturalized indeed,
yet perfectly at home among us, and perhaps better appreciated
here than in the place of its origin ?

Speculative science has not yet succeeded in proving the
evolution of Man from the Monkey. Yet this aflinity is strongly
evidenced by their mutual capacity for imitation ; a rivalry
wherein odds can be given, safely, by neither. Thus, at the late
Floral Display, within the Rink, many of the works of the
Creator were closely copied : as closely as they could be, that is,
with flowers and foliage wrested and perverted to that mis-use.

1882.] TKANSACT10N8. 33

But it was never Design ! The Arch of Heaven is resplendent
with stars. Bnt why should their apparent form be repeated,
since that form, after all, is simply arbitrary and illusive. There
can be "no crown, if no cross"! we were told, at the cost of
despoiling Garden and Greenhouse. Theologically, the doctrine
may be sound — and fury, signifying notliing. But whnt Florist
need be beholden to theological schools, when a higher command
bids him look from Nature, up to Nature's God, — considering the
lilies of the field ! Design is manifested in the flower itself : not
in the morbid and unnatural shapes into whi(;h it may be distorted.
By hybridizing and cross-fertilization, the Florist may accomplish
as it were, a novel creation : never by the use of sheet-iron and
wire. Shall the "counterfeit presentment" of a municipal seal,
with whatsoever skill it may be manipulated, be an exception ?
Anatomically inaccurate, — a fault of the original from which it
was copied ; does the elaborate conceit add anything to our
knowledge of flowers ; or extend our acquaintance with the laws
that control and regulate their growth ? We sometimes hear of
a pretty man. He looks, it is said, as if he had just been taken
from a band-box. Would it be a triumph of the Florist's art to
multiply tliat species, by an effective and fragrant combination of
datura, marigold, and skunk-cabbage ! Yet, would not that also
be a Design ? evincing the skill of the artist and, as well,
challenging the applause of the groundlings.

Why should not tlic Florist, if he must work with artifice, avail
himself of the full measure of his opportunity ? Why should he
not rise to the grandeur of original conception ; and, supplying
sliape and substance from his greenhouse, and his inner
consciousness, in about equal proportions, produce to an aston-
ished world, the — Missing Link !

He who cannot look his fellow in the eye, in entire faith and
persuasion of the truth of his cause, cannot expect to convince an
audience, from the outset sufliciently reluctant. Incorporated
to " advance the Science" of Horticulture ! What is " Science "?
Is it to know ? from its verb. And yet the wisest of the old
Philosophers declared that he knew most who thoroughly realized
the extent of his own ignorance. The General Court were of
the opinion, Forty Years ago, that there is a Science of Horticul-

34 WORCESTER COUNTY HOKTICULTDRAL SOCIETY. [1882.

tnre. They granted your fathers a Charter tha;t they might the
better advance and promote it. The local Assessors set aside the
judgment of the Legislature ; overrule your plea that you
advance and promote the Science and Practice of Horticulture,
and should therefore be exempted from Taxation in common with
other Agricultural and Scientific Associations; and doom you, as
ever, to contribute one-fifth of your substance for the support
of those who toil not, neither do they spin. Even in the Jewish
Theocracy, Jehovah insisted upon hut one-tenth ; and He,
according to Moses, was pretty tenacious of His own.

" What shall the harvest be ? " is a conundrum often pro-
pounded by the shearers of the sheep ? But they, — if it chances
to be the odd-year for a crop of afifrighted souls, have at least,
the unshared luxury of exemption from taxation for the support
of tlie common burden. We sustain the load that should be
lightened by a partial shift to their shoulders — the middle-men
of religion. Thus assured of an easy time in this world at
our expense, why should they not arrogate to themselves a
monopoly of Heaven, all the more selfish that it can view the
sentence of those very tax-paying townsfolk and kinsmen,
throughout a hopeless eternity, with a complacency foreordained
and devout.

Not much should be anticipated from Universalism. Its faith
would not make Wachusett budge an inch ; while, as for works,
like all the rest, it teaches that one fist should not be too
inquisitive when the other is shut tight. So that if it sings of
" The Flower Girl," " Here in Cool Grot ; " and loses memory of
" Tlie King's Champion " in " The Sailor's Grave ; " we simply
recognize a peculiar school of divinity and wonder not that it too
should enjoy immunity from taxation.

"And it came to pass, in those days, that there went out a decree
from Cajsar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed."'
"And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city."

Not even the Pharisees l)eing exempt, — " who were the most
straitest sect." How much better are we than the Jews ! Who,
at least, never pleaded m abatement of assessments upon the
Temple, that its foundations were laid deep in mortgages.

Still, there is some compensation in return for this immunity ;

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 35

and tlie tax-ridden public get a partial recompense, such as it is !
provided they pay an admission fee. Thus, on the 7th of
February, ulto., the evening was imi>roved in Pilgrim Yestry, by
its " Social Union," in cultivating the memory of that eminent
expounder of Orthodoxy and consistent follower of John Knox,
— some paces to the rear, — Robert Burns ! One of the worship-
pers had left her " Heart in the Highlands," a fact which would
augur badly for future palpitations. Another sang " My Heart
is sare for somebody !" betraying a fleshly and miscellaneous
hankering on her part, or else that the doctor might expect a
speedy job. Finally, they paired (this was just a week before
St. Valentine's Day, take notice !) and the couples chirruped
forth, in a common gush,

" My Love is like a Red, Red Rose ! "
which comparison, to say the least, usurps some license with Gen.
Jacqueminot.

A few months later, in the same untaxed House of God ! its
"United Societies" offered "Selections from the poems of
Longfellow, with Dissolving Views ; " happily combined in the
felicitous description of the Poet : —

" She has a bosom as white as snow,

Take care I
She knows how much it is best to show,

Beware ! Beware I
Trust her not.

She is fooling thee ! "

Cheap enough that for Twenty-five cents, and only half-price
for Sunday-Schools ! Can they beat it among the ascetics of
Utah !

Sucli is exemption in its actual workings ! What Taxation is,
you do not need to be informed by me.

The First Official Record of this Society is attested by the
signature of Samuel F. Haven. Other gentlemen had held the
post of Secretary for weeks, or months, as a matter of accommo-
dation ; but, from 1841 to 1847, its increasing duties were
performed by Mr. Haven with that diligence and fidelity which
never failed to characterize him in whatever he undertook. The
volumes of your Transactions, in the earlier years, are enriched
by Reports from his pen, which was always ready, at call, to
describe flower or fruit. Editor of the National JEgis, in which

36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1882.

occupation he preceded the present writer ; he was enabled to
render the infant Society material advancement. And here it
may perhaps be pertinent, to take note of the assistance to
Horticulture, in its struggle for existence throughout this City
and County, that was ever cordially rendered by the conductors
of the local newspapers. Their columns were always open to
statement, or Report, that would help on the cause ; without
which publication it would be impossible, at this day, to trace the
successive steps towards the present high plane of development.
Nor is that spirit of kindness diminished by the lapse of time.
What Earle, and Thomas Drew, in the /S^y ; and William
Lincoln, William N. Green, and Samuel F. Plaven, in t\\Q ^gis ;
advocated and encouraged ; in the interest of the common
welfare and a more refined public taste : that, the Spy^ and the
Gazette, under their later management, have never failed to
forward by all legitimate influences. It is not every community,
wherein so much can be declared with absolute unreserve.

With Lemuel B. Hapgood, who died in the adjoining town of
Shrewsbury, on the 22nd of February, ult., your Secretary had
but a limited personal acquaintance. He can well recall, however,
the punctuality of his appearance at our Annual Exhibitions,
some forty years ago ; and the sure reliance upon his ample and
excellent contributions to our tables that was seldom disappointed.
Li a sketch of his life it has been stated that his earlier years
were passed in the town of Grafton ; whence he soon returned to
Shrewsbury, buying a farm contiguous to the paternal homestead,
and (what was better), taking unto himself a wife. A few years
subsequent, his father, desiring relief from the care of a farm of
200 acres, so arranged that our late deceased associate returned
to the place of his birth, thenceforward to remain his home. The
estate being now his own, Mr. Hapgood, like his father before
him, became an extensive and successful farmer. How extensive,
and how successful ! your published Transactions, and the
Reports of the Agricultural Society, bear faithful if inadequate
witness.

Jonathan Forbush was, for manj' years, a Trustee, and Vice-
President, of this Society. Having accumulated a handsome

1882.] TRANSACTIONS.

competence in the Shoe and Leather tradeXt^
removed his residence, A. D. 1848, to the towir
this County ; purchasing the large estate of Sant^On Vi<6.
Wilder, a noted man in his generation, and himself a HotTtSm-
turist of no mean repute. In Bolton, says one who knew him
well, Mr. Forbush " lived from 1848 onward, employing many
men in the culture of his rich and extensive lands, and dispensing
a large and generous hospitality. His life was full of stir and
activity, and he found thorough pleasure in the many labors and
enterprises which he was superintending. No man in all that
region was more known and honored than he. He seemed to keep
the world about him in healthy motion."

In an address delivered by the President of this Society, A. D.
1853 ; before the Secretary had usurped that most laxative and
lucrative official function ; Hon. Stephen Salisbury thus expressed
himself :

"Without compensation, and with great expense and pains, Mr.
Forbush of Bolton ; the Messrs. Capron, of Uxbridge ; Mr. Bond, of
Brookfield ; and other gentlemen from remote places ; have brought
most valuable contributions to our Shows. I desire to oifer to these
gentlemen, and to others, a better inducement, if not a full compensa-
tion, for the efforts which they so liberally and usefully make."

Mr. Forbush was prompt to test new varieties of fruit, and
ready to disseminate them when his judgment approved. The
Knevett's Giant Raspberry^ first exhibited here by our associate,
Mr. Hadwen, was obtained from him. His love for Horticulture
continued with him through life ; or until misfortune constrained
the relinquishment of that most congenial pursuit. His last
years were spent in Lancaster, whence he " passed away quietly,
like one going to sleep." He died on the 11th of July ulto., and
rests beneath the shades of Mt. Auburn.

Thomas M. Lamb was known to most of those who hear me.
How zealous he was in whatever he undertook need only be
recited for his permanent record. So long as he could, he never
omitted his individual contributions to our Exhibitions. An
enthusiast in the cultivation of the Grape, he chiefly deplored the
progress towards greater density of settlement, in his neighbor-
hood, because it deprived him of the sunlight so essential to the

38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1882.]

growth of his favorite fruit. He was conscientious to an
extreme. When the writer remonstrated with him for decHning
a re-election upon the Board of Trustees, Mr. Lamb repHed that,
as he was no longer able to place anything upon our tables, he
thought it his duty to give way to some one who could. Of him
it may be truly said, that he labored with assiduity in the
positions assigned to him ; and that those who knew him most
intimately are his sincerest mourners.

Jonathan Grout became and continued a zealous Horiculturist,
during the second and third decades of our Society. It was natural
that this should be so ; for his kith and kin had been rooted in the
soil of Worcester for many generations. Our late associate was an
enterprising stationer and bookseller, in his earlier career ;
taking therein the first steps towards an accumulation of property
for which he never lost the faculty. When his attention was
turned to Pomology, he had the rare good fortune to enjoy the
friendship and proximity of the late John C Ripley ; whose
intimate acquaintance with fruit ; its varieties and comparative
excellence ; was equalled only by his willingness to impart that
knowledge to all, and any, who could penetrate beneath the veil
of a modest diffidence that shrank from the least semblance of
obtrusiveness. His advice, especially concerning Pears ; of which
he had educated himself to be, perhaps, the most exact judge
that our Society ever ranked among its members, was of infinite
service to the new beginner.

Mr. Grout was also fortunate in the date of his enterprise ; for
Samuel H. Colton and Daniel Waldo Lincoln were withdrawing,
or had already retired, from the Nursery business ; and he had
absolutely no rivals : certainly none upon the scale to which he
speedily enlarged his operations. There may be some exaggera-
tion in the statement : but it has been asserted, by those who
should be well-informed about the facts, that his importations of
Pear-trees from France amounted to 10,000 annually. He also
engaged largel}"^ in the cultivation of Roses ; and was eminently
successful whenever he competed for the prizes ofiered, at our
Summer Exhibitions, for that noblest of flowers. He strove ever
for the first place ; and the very eflfort went far, by its earnestness,
to challenge and win the final triumph.

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 39

His death occurred on the evening of A.pril 5th, A. D. 1882.

Alexander Hamilton Bullock was familiarly and best known
to this coinmunity as an able statesman, an accomplished scholar,
— an eloquent Orator. Shall we therefore forget that he was
our President, from A. D. 1860, to 1863, or until the exacting
demands of a wider public service left him but little leisure for
quieter and more attractive occupations. But, while enjoying
public life, with its legitimate honors ; our friend shrank, with
almost feminine nervousness, from the trickery and venality of
demagoguism, that, latterly, have grown to be almost indispen-
sable to success in politics. An anecdote might be told in this
connection, by way of illustration ; yet, as it would be about as
broad as long, your ears are spared, in deference to the presence
of ladies, whose rights I suppose that I am now bound, as a
Democrat, to concede. While his time was his own, you could
command his services : unable to be in two places, at once, he
recognized that his proper post was on Beacon Hill. His
interest, especially in Pomology, was not suffered to abate on any
such account : as his contributions to our Exhibitions, and
frequent conversations with your Secretary^ bore ample and
adequate evidence.

He had rare enjoyment of a good joke which, if it was at his
own expense, suffered nothing in the relation. I well remember
one that orave him o-reat relish and which was told with unction.
Col. Bullock (his title then related to the staff, to whose command-
in-chief a grateful people soon accorded promotion) ; had been
greatly puzzled, perhaps provoked, by the long time consumed
by some of his Pears, before the trees came into bearing. He
finally called into council one of our veteran Pomologists ; — a
gentleman from Shrewsbury', whose worship of Ceres and
Pomona was equalled only by his idolatry of the late Charles
Allen ; and, pointing out a tree which had continued barren for
some fifteen years, asked, innocently enough, — ' With lohat
variety too uld you graft thatf 'Regarding the tree and then
myself ' said the Colonel, 'he uplifted both hands and exclaiming
in tones of pious horror,' — " What ! graft the Bosc ! " retreated
in comparative good order, but somewhat demoralized by the
unwonted ordeal, upon his native town. "For a long time, — "

40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1882.]

added our honored associate, "I was perplexed to decide whether
I had spoken disrespectfully of the Ecliptic, or had committed
The Unpardonable Sin !" Of this last, — he could have acquitted
himself, upon reflection ; — for he was never remiss in the
payment of his Pew-E.ent. Concern for the health of those
dearest and nearest to him compelled long absences from his
home ; and much of the time during the later years of his life,
was spent abroad. But lie was no idle lounger ; seeing nothing,
and failing to profit by his opportunities for observation. He
told me much about what he had noticed in the markets of Paris ;
that there was fruit in plenty, but not, as in the United States,
for the People. Referring to Pears, — he found but one or two
varieties of apparent superiority to tliose we have in Worcester ;
and, for ripe specimens] of such, which he purchased out of
curiosity so as to be at liberty to test their quality, he was obliged
to pay a Franc each. For a person fond of fruit, and liking it
in plenty, it seemed to him that few places could claim equality
with that modest, inland city, wherein he had so long made his
hospitable and pleasant home.

Let this Society never forget to be grateful for the services
which he was able and glad to render to the Science and
Practice of Horticulture, amid the distractions of an active and
exciting public career.

John C. Whitin was a Vice-President of this Society from A.
D. 1853, to 1860, when he voluntarily retired ; his private affairs
exacting his undivided attention.

"He was born," says his local biographer, "in Northbridge, in the
village which bears the family name, A. D. 1807, his father being Col.
Paul Whitin, who settled there in 1782. His father was a blacksmith,
and the son began work, as a child, in the picker room of the North-
bridge Manufacturing Company, which his father had organized. At
12 years of age he was transferred to the machine-shop of the mill,
and stayed theie three years, having the benefit of the common
schools of the time. # * * * *

His first patent was on a picking machine, in 1832, and from then his
record was one of continual and successful improvement in every
portion of the mechanical equipment of a cotton factory. His inven-
tions were accepted by the trade generally, and the business of machine
building grew steadily until the great shop, 303 by 102 feet, was built,
in 1847. As business increased, a division became desirable, and Mr.

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 41

Whitin assumed control of the Ma chine- Works, which have grown
into an immense establishment, employing over 700 men. He bought
the Holyoke Machine-Works, in 1860, but, after running them success-
fully for four years, he sold them ; concentrating all his energies on
the works at home which in 1870, were organized into a stock com-
pany as the Whitin Machine Works."

His death occurred upon Saturday, April 22d, in the current
calendar year.

As a prominent manufacturer of machinery, in New England ;
whose name was a synonym throughout the Republic for that of
an upright and energetic citizen ; to whom failure, or mishap, in
business, was unknown because never even tolerated in contem-
plation ; John C. Whitin towered among the giants of a genera-
tion from whom, in some inexplicable way, was spawned the so-
called American System, to which their own lives had been a
conspicuous and vital defiance. Accepting its inevitable boun-
ties ; which indeed he could not reject by indirection ; he yet, in
conversation with your Secretary^ repudiated them as an
unnatural stimulus, and therefore not beneficial to their recipi-
ents. But the wealth which they finally aggregated, at first
almost without effort; and thereafter, by the very momentum of
the system ; could not have filled cleaner or better hands, ani-
mated by a larger heart.

Whoever has seen Whitinsville (why, longer, ' ville' ?) has
beheld a village of neat and homelike settlement. Our lamented
friend could not tolerate a slouch and abhorred what was
slovenly. If he was reclaiming a wood land of Eighty (80)
Acres, the stumps must be eradicated, and the rocks consumed
by a wall not less than seven (7) feet in breadth and height.
He even confessed to your Secretary^ on their return from a
Corporation Meeting, in Providence ; both being in a condition
of shareholding acquiescence and servility ; that he fully
accepted the theory of Ensilage. Can any one doubt it, who
has seen his large and extensive Silos? He had faith in honest
and durable work; and therefore he built for posterity. But,
so building, — no account for depreciation needed to be opened
in his lifetime.

His contributions to your Exhibitions have been manifest, if
not from their frequency ; which could scarcely be expected

42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1882.]

considering the distance ; at least from their excellence. If he
was fortunate in the accomplished Florist and Gardener who so
skilfully fulfilled his wishes, and supplemented them by his
individual conceptions ; none the less should be his own credit
for just appreciation.

His liberality was unstinted, if discriminating. When the
Senior Salisbury, — our life-long benefactor, — felt that the re-
newed efforts for wider usefulness, put forth by this Society,
were, to some extent, hampered by Debt ; and proffered a most
munificent sum as his individual contribution towards its extin-
guishment; the response of John C. Whitin was cordial and
substantial. Where he recognized desert, lie needed no impor-
tunity. Perhaps he might reproach himself that he had not
been quick enough to anticipate the need, in advajice of solicita-
tion.

The modern Pharisee may cant unctuously about schools and
colleges and churches ; — the abstract blessing of a simple
existence in New England. This strong man had merely the
Common Schools, in his youth ; and his practical religion came
to a mind naturally devout. He lived his life. Can more be
said, in his praise ?

Is the land, wherein the fortunes of these men were cast, the
better for their having lived in it ? If so, — who shall say that,
had their energies and talents been otherwise directed, it would
have enured more to their private advantage and that of their
race ! Who shall decide that this, or that, man, was blind to the
bent of his genius ? Had he looked with the eyes of his critics,
might he not, instead of blazing out a path, have fallen into a
rut!

If they caused two blades of grass to grow where was but
one before ; if they made a wilderness blossom as the rose ; if
Bolton, or Worcester ; Whitins, or Shrewsbury ; are happier and
fairer because these men spent, and were spent, among their
immediate civic, or woodland, scenes ; what higher eulogy shall
be theirs ? What nobler epitaph could be inscribed, than tliat
they were public benefactors in life ; and that the communities
which mourn their loss find none to supply their place ?

1882.] TRANSACTIONS. 43

Nature is said to abhor a vacuum ! In its failure, or omission,
can Horticultural science, or practice, supply recruits ; — volun-
teers, or substitutes ; — to fill these gaps in our ranks ?

All which is respectfully submitted, by

EDWARD WINSLOW LINCOLN,

Secretary.
Horticultural Hall,

Worcester., Massachusetts., November 1st, A. D. 1882.

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN.

To THE Members of thk Worcester County Horticultural
Society :

Your Librarian in tlie discharge of his duty of reporting upon
the condition of the Library, will say that the number of Books
and Periodicals issued during the year just closed is 475 ; wliich is
a slight increase over last year. The additions by purchase and
gift are as follows :

Rutter on the Peach ; Society.

Notes on Lilies ; by Dr. Wallace ; Society.

Natural History of Plants ; by H. Baillon ; Society.

North American Lichens ; by Tuckerman ; Society.

Notes on Money, Trade and Banking; by J. H.Walker;
Author.

Vegetable Mould and Earth Worms ; by Charles Darwin;
Society.

Memorial History of Boston ; 4 vols ; Justin Winsor ; Society.

Tlie Horticulture of Boston ; by Marshall P. Wilder; Author.

The Rose ; by H. B. EUwanger ; Author.

A Glimpse at Michigan Horticulture ; by Chas. W. Garfield.

Transactions of the Hingham Agricultural and Horticultural
Societies; F. H. Lincoln, Secretary.

Eulogy on James A. Garfield ; by Geo. F. Hoar ; Author.

Report of the Worcester Schools'; 1881 ; A. P. Marble.

Public Statutes of Massachusetts ; 1882 ; Society.

Transactions of Massachusetts Horticultural Society , 1881 ;
Part 2 ; R. Manning, Secretary.

Department of Agriculture ; Report 1880 ; W. W. Rice.

Proceedings of a Convention of Agriculturists held in the
Department of Agriculture, Jan. 10 to 18, 1882 ; Henry
Phelps.

Report of Estimated Production of Cereals of the United States
for the year 1881 ; Department of Agriculture; Henry Phelps.

Report of the condition of Winter Grain, the progress of
7

2 TBANSACTIONS. [1882.

Cotton and Corn Planting, rate of Wages and results of Tile
Draining ; May, 1882 ; No. 43 ; Department of Agriculture ;
Henry Phelps.

Special Keport ; No. 44 ; Department of Agriculture ; Henry
Phelps.

Report upon the Acreage and Condition of Cotton, the
condition of all Cereals and the area of Sjiring Grain ; June,
1882 ; Department of Agriculture ; Henry Phelps.

Report upon tl;e Area and Condition of Corn, the Condition of
Cotton and of Small Grains, Sorghum, Tobacco, &c.; July, 1882 ;
Department of Agi-iculture ; Henry Phelps.

Fertilizers; Co-operative Experimenting as a means of
Studying the eftect of Fertilizers, and the feeding capacity of
Plants ; by Prof. W. O. Atwatcr ; Department of Agriculture ;
Henry Phelps.

Speech of Hon. W. W. Rice of Massachusetts, delivered in the
House of Representatives, June 20, 1882.

Address of Hon. Marshall P. Wilder and the other proceed-
ings at the New England Genealogical Society, Jan. 4, 1882.

Report upon the condition of Corn, Cotton, Potatoes and
Fruits, &c.; No. 49 ; Department of Agriculture ; Henry Phelps.

Catalogue of Works on Bibliography, Typography, and Liter-
ary History ; by Bernard Quaritch.

Yick's Monthly Magazine ; 1882; Society.

The Garden ; an Illustrated weekly journal ; 1882 ; Society.

The Gardener's Chronicle ; Vol. 15 ; weekly journal ; 1882 ;
Society.

The Agricultural Gazette ; London; 1882; Society.

The American Agriculturist ; 1882 ; Society.

The Gardener's Monthly; Vol. 24; 1882; Society.

The Country Gentleman; Vol.47; 1882; Society.

The Fruit Recorder ; 1882 ; Society.

The Massachusetts Ploughman ; 1882 ; Courtesy of y® Plough-
man.

The Worcester Directory ; 1882; Societj'.

The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America ; by A. J. Downing ;
Second Revision and Correction with the Appendices of 1872 to
1881, and containing many new varieties; by Charles Downing;
Author.

Annual Report of the Commission of Public Grounds, A. D.
1881 ; E. W. Lincoln, Chairman.

Department of Agriculture; Special Report; No. 40; the
condition of Spring Wheat Culture in the Northwest; H. Phelps.

Department of Agriculture ; Special Report ; No. 11 ; on the
Silk Worm ; H. Phelps.

1882.] WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 3

Department of Agrieulture ; Special Report ; No. 31 ; Third
Keport of Contagions Plenro-Pneumonia ; H. Phelps.

Department of Agricnltnre ; No. 1 ; Statement of the Cane-
Sngar Industry ; H. Phelps.

Department of Agriculture ; Special Report ; No. 3 ; on the
Culture of the Chinese Tea Plant in the United States ; H. Phelps.

Address of Hon. Geo. B. Loring and other proceedings of the
Cotton Convention held in Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 2, 1881 ; Henry
Phelps.

Department of Agriculture ; Special Report ; No. 4 ; on the
Cultivation of the Fig and Date Palm ; Henry Phelps.

All of M^hich is respectfully submitted.

CHARLES E. BROOKS,

Librarian.
Hall of Flora,

November 7, 1882.

SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS

OFFERED BY THE

WOECESTER COUNTY

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

FOR THE YEAR

1883.

The attention of Exhibitors is particnlarly called to the Rules and RegnlationSi
General and Special.

CHARLES HAMILTON, PRINTER,
311 Main Street,

1883.

COMMirrEE OF ARIIANGEMENTS
AND EXHIBITIONS.

James Drapkr, Ohalrinan.
Jamp:s F. Allen.
George Gkuickshanks.
Calvin L. Hartshorn, O. B. Hadwen,

Hermann F. A. Langk, (Charles E. Parker,

Newell Wood, William H. Earle,

W. W. Cook, Charles E. Brooks.

President — Francis H. Dewey.
Secretary — Edward W. Lincoln,

Nos. 5 Oak, and 18 Front Streets.

JUDGES OF AWARD.

Flowers, Plants, Etc. — Hermann F. A. Lange.
Fkuits, Yegetables, Etc. — James Draper.

COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE.

James F. Allen, George E. Francis,

Hermann F. A. Lange, O. B. Hadwen.

WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

GEI^ERAL RULES FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS.

A. Strict, coiifonnity to tlie Regulations and Rules will be
expected and required, as well for the benefit of Exhibitors as
for the convenience of the Ofiicers of tlie Society.

B. Correct and legible names must be attached to each and
every Flowei; or Plant entered in a class of named varieties.

C. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the
Hall throughout tlie hours of Exhibition, unless special per-
mission for tlicir removal shall bo granted Ijy the Committee on
Exliibitions, etc.

D. All Small Fruits must be entered in boxes or baskets
(except in tlie case of Strawberries, which are to be shown "^a^"),*
but they may be displayed subsequently in plates or dishes, at the
taste of the exhibitor.

E. The Judges may correct, before the close of any Exhibition,
awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.

F. The cards of competitors shall be put, reversed, beneath
the plates ; and the Judges of Award shall be excluded from the
Hall of Exhibition until the Exhibition itself is ready for judg-
ment.

G. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con-
ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of
them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification
of the offender.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. Exhibitions will be held on every Thursday afternoon,
commencing March 1st, and terminating October 25th, A. D.
1883. The hours of exhibition will be between 3 and 4.30
o'clock. Articles offered for premium must be in the Hall by
2.15 o'clock, P. M., of the days of exhibition. Between 2.15 and
3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Secretary,
and the Librarian, who will allow no one else to be present.

1883.] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 5

The Judges of Award will be admitted under the limitations of
General Rule F.

2. Competition for premiums is open to all ; but a discount
of one-third of the amount will be made from awards to persons
who are not Members of the Society ; and it is strictly required
that all specimens offered for premium shall have been grown by
the competitors, within the County of Worcester^ for a period of
at least one (1) month previous to the date of exhibition.

3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the
exclusive charge of the Judges, and not even the owners will have
liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, when they
will be delivered as the contributors may direct.

4. No cards of a business nature will be allowed in any
Exhibition.

5. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers,
Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be
neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens
shown ; and in no case can any other varieties than those named
in the schedule be substituted.

6. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from competi-
tion all inferior specimens. Also, all such Designs as, in their
opinion, evince an incorrect taste. The Judge of Fruits, in
making Awards, will especially regard uniformity in size,
symmetry of form, and beauty in color.

7. The Committee of Arrangements have power to change the
time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season
renders such change necessary ; and the Secretary is requested to
give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also at the
preceding Exhibition, when a change in the schedule is proposed.

8. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named.
Indefinite appellations, such as "Pippin," "Sweeting," Greening,"
etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the
same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or
exhibiting as grown by himself, Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables
grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the
Society, shall be debarred from competing for the Society's pre-
miums until reinstated.

9. No Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables will be entitled

8

6 WOR0E8TEK COUNTY HORTICULTDEAL SOCIETY, [1883.

to a premium unless they possess points of superiority ; aud the
Judges are strictly required to withliold premiums if, in their
opinion, the articles exhibited do not merit them ; nor shall any
specimen for which a premium has been once awarded, receive
another dui'ing the season.

10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to
their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens, for trial and
examination, if requested.

11. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers, the use of foliage must
be restricted to that of the varieties shown ; and not more than
three blooms, clusters, or spikes, all whicli sliall be of one color,
and of one variety, shall be allowed in the same bottle, except
when otherwise specified in the schedule.

12. No Judge shall award a premium or gratuity in any case
wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest:
in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of
the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge
shall invite.

13. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect-
ing their exhibits, which is not distinctly specified in the
schedule. No Flowers, Fruits, etc., etc., shall be put on the
tables, for competition ' for premiums, by any person who is a
judge as to the awards to be made for Fruits, Flowers, etc., etc.

14. All premiums that are not claimed within three months
after the close of the ofificial year shall be forfeited to the Society.

15. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can
be filled out and placed upon the tables.

16. " Downing's Fruit of America," revised edition, will
guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at
issue.

J^p'The Judges are authorized by the Trustees, to invite the
assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of
their duties.

FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS & VEGETABLES.

A.. D. 1883.

FLORAL: SPEcr.4.L Rule.— In all cases where dimensions are prescribed
for exhibits, the measure shall be understood to be that of the flowers,
solely ; never admitting the basket, foliage, or any garniture of green.

Thursday, March i.

AZALEA INDICA.—

No. 1. Three plants in bloom, three pre-
miums $5 00 3 00 2 00

No. 2. One plant in bloom, two premiums. 3 00 2 00

PRIMULA SINENSIS.—

No. 3. Four plants in bloom, three premi-
ums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 4. One plant in bloom, two premiums. 1 00 50

APPLES.—

No. 5. McClellan, three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 6, Tompkins Co. King, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.

No. 7. Any variety, 12, gratuity.

VEGETABLES.-

No. 8. Cabbage, Flat Dutch, three premi-
ums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 9. Squash, Marblehead, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Thursday, March 8.

CINERARIA,— IN BLOOM.—

No. 10. Four plants, distinct in color, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

HYACINTHS,— IN bloom.—

No. 11. Six, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 12. One, two premiums 1 00 50

APPLES.—

No. 13. American Golden Russet, 12, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 14. Leicester Sweet, three premiums. . 1 50 1 00 50

No. 15. Northern Spy, three premiums... 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—
No. 16. Any variety, 12, gratuity.

VEGETABLES.—

No. 17. Cabbage, 3 specimens. Savoy,

three premiums .' . $1 50 1 00 50

No. 18. Squash, 3 specimens, Hubbard,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Thursday, March 15.

CYCLAMENS,— IN bloom.—

No. 19. Four, three premiums. *. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 20. One, three premiums 1 50 I 00 50

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 21. For stand of twenty-four blooms
or clusters, distinct, three premi-
ums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 22. Baldwin, 12, three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 23. Belleflower (Yellow), three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 24. Cogswell, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 9

No. 25. Greeuing (R. I.), three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50
No. 26. Ladies' Sweet, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 27. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
YEGETABLES.—

No. 28. Cabbage, 3 specimens. Red Dutch,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 29. Turnip, 6 specimens, Swede (White,

or Yellow), three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Thursday, March 22.

RICHARDIA ^THIOPICA,— IN bloom.—

No. 30. One plant, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 31. One bloom, with foliage (the

largest) 1 00

BOUQUET— (HAND).—

No. 32. Not more than seven in. in diame-
ter, exclusive of foliage, or green,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

apples-
No. 33. Old Nonesuch, 12, three premiums $1 50
No. 34. Peck's Pleasant, three premiums. . 1 50
No. 35. Sutton Beauty, three premiums. . . 1 50

No. 36. Tallman Sweet 1 50

No. 37. Washington Royal 1 50

PEARS.—

No. 38. — Any variety, 12, gratuity.
VEGETABLES.—

No. 39. Beets, six specimens, Turnip, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 40. Carrots, six specimens, Intermedi-
ate, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 41. Lettuce, six heads, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

10 • WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Thursday, March 29.
CUT FLOWERS— BASKET.—

No, 42. For the best round basket, on
stand, ten inches in diameter,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 43. Kusset (Golden), 12, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 44. Russet (Red), three premiums. — 1 50 1 00 50
No. 45. Russet (Roxburj^), three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 46. Spitzenberg, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 47. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
VEGETABLES.—

No. 48. Cucumbers, two specimens, White

Spine, two premiums . 1 50 1 00

No. 49. Parsnkps, six specimens, two pre-
miums 1 50 1 00

No. 50. Radishes, two bunches (6 in each

bunch), two premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, April 12.
ZONALE GERANIUMS,— IN bloom.—

No. 5L Four plants, distinct in color, three

premiums $3 GO 2 00 1 00

PANSIES,— IN BLOOM.—

No. 52. Six plants, distinct in color, grown

in 6 inch pots, three premiums. .$3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES,— FOUR varieties.—

No. 53. Beets, one half-peck ']

No. 54. Potatoes, one half-peck ! Three premiums.

No. 55. RuTA Baga, six specimens [ $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 56. Squashes, three specimens J

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 11

Thursday, April ig.

BEGONIA,— IN BLOOM.—
No. 57. One plant, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.-

No. 58. One stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

No. 59. Horse Radish, five roots, two pre-
miums $1 50 1 00

No. 60. Parsneps, ten, of the same variety,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 6J. Rhubarb, ten stalks, same variety,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, April 26.

TANSIES, — NO duplicates. —

No. 62. One stand, and one spike to a vial,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.-
No. 63. Any variety, three premiums $150 100 50

VEGETABLES,— THREE varieties.—

No. 64. Dandelions, one-half peck ) mi

N„. 65. 0.,o.s, one „a.f-pe..,. ^T,n.e p,e,„,„™.

No. Ob. Spinach, one half-peck )

Thursday, May 3.
HYACINTHS,— open culture.—
No. 67. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

POT PLANTS,— in bloom.—
No. 68. Gratuities, if merited.

VEGETABLES.—
No. 69. Cucumbers, two, — two premiums. . 2 00 1 00

12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

No. 70. Lettuce, four heads, two pre-
miums 2 00 1 00

Thursday, May lo.

TULIPS, — OPEN culture. —
No. 71. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BOUQUET. (HAND).—

No. 72. To be seven inches in diameter, ex-
clusive of foliage, or green, three
premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

No. 73. Asparagus, two bunches, of twelve

stalks eacli, three premiums. . . . $1 50 1 00 50
No. 74. Dandelions, half-peck (cultivated),

two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 75. Spinach, half-peck, two premiums . 2 00 100

Thursday, May 17.

BULBS,— (HARDY),— OPEN culture.—
No. 76. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BASKET,— ON STAND.-

No. 77. Ten inch oval, with handle, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

FUCHSIA, DISTINCT VARIETIES.

No. 78. Four plants in bloom, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

No. 79. Asparagus, two bunches, of 12

stalks each, two premiums. ... 2 00 1 00

No. 80. Khubarb, five stalks, two premi-
ums 2 00 1 00

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 13

Thursday, May 24. ,

PELARGONIUM— (Fancy and Show),— in bloom.—

No. 81. Four plants, of distinct varieties,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

CUT FLOWEHS,— DISTINCT varieties.-
No. 82. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

Thursday, May 31.
CUT FLOWERS,— (From Hardy Plants and Shrubs).—

No. 83. For the best display, open culture,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

RHODODENDRONS.—

No. 84r. For the best display, tliree pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 100

AZALEA— (Ghent).—

No. 85. For the best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

AZALEA— (Mollis).—

No. 86. For the best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

No. 87. Radishes, twelve specimens, two

premiums $2 00 1 00

Thursday, June 7.
P^ONIA.—

No. 88. For tlie best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

IRIS.—

No. 89. For the best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

9

14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

HYDRx^NGEA, — one plant, in bloom. —

No. 90. Hortensis, two premiums $2 00 1 00

No. 91. Otaksa, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 92. Thomas Hogg, two premiums .... 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

No. 93. Gratuities for meritorious speci-
mens.

Thursday, June 14.
AQUILEGIA, — (columbine), — in variety. —
No. 94. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 95. One Stand, — the varieties of any

species must not exceed three,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 96. One Vase, — the specimens not to

be tied or wired, two premiums. 2 GO 1 00

NATIVE FLOWERS.— NAMED varieties.—
No. 97. Stand, three premiums ' $3 00 2 00 1 00

STRAWBERRIES.—

No. 98. Crystal City, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 99. Downer's Prolific, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 100. Beets (Early), twelve specimens,

two premiums $2 00 1 00

Thursday, June 21.

ROSES, [To BE SHOWN IN THE BOXES OF THE SoCIETY].

No. 101. For the best twelve blooms or
clusters of distinct named varie-
ties of H. F. Roses, outdoor
culture, three premiums $4 00 3 00 2 00

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PKEMIUMS. 15

No. 102. For the best six blooms or clusters
of distinct named varieties of
H. P. Roses, outdoor culture,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 103. For the best stand of named

Roses, three premiums 5 00 3 00 2 00

No. 104. For the best Basket or Dish of

Roses, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 105. Dianthus harhatus — (Sweet Wil-
liam).— Stand, three premiums. 3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 106. Digitalis — (Foxglove). — Best

display, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 107. Cotnpanula raedia — (Canter-
bury Bell). — Best display, two
premiums 2 00 1 00

STRAWBERRIES.—

No. 108. Charles Downing, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums $1 50 1 OO 50

No. 109. Col. Cheney, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums - 150 1 00 50

No. 110. Crescent, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 111. Cumberland Triumph, 25 berries,

flat, tliree premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 112. Hovey, 25 berries, flat, tliree pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 113. Monarch of the West, 25 berries,

flat, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 114. Sharpless, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 115. Wilder, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 116. Wilson, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 117; Any variety, fifty berries (flat),

gratuities.

VEGETABLES.-

No. 118. Peas, one-half peck, American

Wonder, two premiums ' $2 00 1 00

16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Thursday, June 28.

BOUQUET— (PAKLOR).—

No. 119. For the best, three premiiuns. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.—

No. 120. Stand, tliree premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 121. BASKET, oval, flat, twelve inches,

three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

STRAWBERRIES.—

No. 122. Bidwell, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 123. Glendale, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 124. Jucunda, 25 berries, flat, three

premmms 1 50 1 00 50

No. 125. Lincoln, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 126. Manchester, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums . . 150 100 50

No. 127. Miner's Great Prolific, 25 berries,

flat, three premiums .... 1 50 1 00 50

No. 128. Triomphe de Gand, 25 berries,

flat, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 129. Any other variety, 25 berries,

flat, gratuities.
No. 130. Any variety, fifty berries, flat,

gratuities.

VEGETABLES.—

No. 131. Beets, 10 specimens, summer,

turnip-rooted, two premiums, $2 00 1 00

No. 132. Peas, one-half peck, McLean's

Advancer, two premiums 2 00 1 00

Thursday, July 5.
CLEMATIS,— DISPLAY.—

No. 133. Of not less than six named varie-
ties, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM.—
No. 134. For the best vase, two premiums, $2 00 1 GO

1883;] ■ SCHEDTJLE OF PREMIUMS. 17

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 135. For tho best arranged stand, with-
out restriction as to foliage, va-
rieties, or quantity of floM'ers,
three premiums . .' $3 00 2 00 1 00

HARDY FLOWERS.—

No. 136. For the best stand, not seedlings
of the current year, three pi-e-
miuins " $3 00 2 00 100

RASPBERRIES— (RED).—

No. 137. Brandywine, one quart, three pre-
miums $150 100 50

BLACKCAPS.—

No. 138. Davidson's Thornless, one quart,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 139. Doolittle, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

CHERRIES.—

No. 140. Any variety, one quart, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

CURRANTS.—

No. 141. Red Dutch, one quart, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 142. White Grape, one quart, tliree

premiutns 1 50 1 00 50

No. 143. Any other variety, one quart,
gratuities.

STRAWBERRIES.—

No. 144. Any variety, 25 berries, flat, gra-
tuities.

VEGETABLES.—

No. 145. Beans (Snap), one-lialf peck, two

premiums " $2 00 1 00

No. 146. Peas, Champion of England,

one-half peck, two premiums. 2 00 1 00

18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Thursday, July 12.

HOLLYHOCKS.—

No. 147. For tlie best display, three pre-

minins .'..". $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 148. For the best twelve, distinct col-
ors, three prominms 2 00 1 00 50

No. 149. For the best six, distinct colors,

two premiums 1 00 50

ZONALE GERANIUMS.—

No. 150. For the best stand, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 151. For the best stand, of 24 named

varieties, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CURRANTS.—

No. 152. La Yersaillaise, one quart, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 153. Red Dutch, one quart, tliree pre-

miivms 150 100 50

No. 154. White Dutch, one quart, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 155. White Grape, one quart, tliree

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 156. Any other vaiiety, gratuities.

RASPBERRIES.—

No. 157. Briiickle's Orange, one quart,

tliree premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 158. Clarke, one quart, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 159. Franconia, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 160. Hornet, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 161. Hudson River Antwerp, one

quart, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No, 162. Northumberland, one quait, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 163. Turner, one quart, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PRKMIDMS. 19

No. 164. Cuthbert, one quart, throe pre-
miums $150 1 00 50

No. 165. Herstine, one qutirt, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 16G. Any other variety, gratuities.

BLACKCAPS.—

No. 1G7. Greo;:g, one quart, three pre-

mmms $150 100 50

No. 168. Mammoth Chistei-, one quart, tliree

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 169. Beets, twelve Egyptian Turnip-
rooted, two premiums $2 00 1 00

No. 170. Potatoes, one-half peek. Early

Rose, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 171. Peas, one-half peck, two pre-
miums 2 00 1 00

Thursday, July ig.
SALPIGLOSSIS.—

No. 172. For the best stand, two pre-
miums $2 00 1 00

GERMAN STOCKS.—

No. 173. For the best stand, two pre-
miums $2 00 1 00

GLOXINIA,— IN Pots.—

No. 174. Six varieties in bloom, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM.— •

No. 175. Vase, two premiums $2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.-
No. 176. Standof (named) three premiums. $3 00 2 00 100

RASPBERRIES.—
No. 177. Any variety, one quart, gratuities.

20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

BLACKBERRIES.—

No. 178. Kittatinny, one quart, three pre-
miums $150 1 00 50

No. 179. Snyder, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 180. Wachusett, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 181. Any other variety, gratuities.

VEGETABLES.—

No. 182. RoTATOES, Beauty of Hebron, one-
half peck, two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 183. Beans, Early Valentine, two pre-
miums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, July 26.

FLOWERS,~seedlings of 1883.—
No. 184. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BASKET.—

No. 185. Round, flat, twelve inch, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

RETUNIAS.—
No. 186. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

PEARS.—

No. 187. Doyenne d'Ete, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 188. Squashes, Four Summer Crook-
neck, two premiums. $1 00 50

No. 189. Four Scallop, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

TOMATOES.—

No. 190. Twelve, of any named variety,

two -premiums $1 50 1 00

1883] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21

Thursday, August 2.
CUT FLOWERS,— GROWN from seed.—

No. 191. Stand of distinct varieties, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BOUQUET,— Fablor.—

No 192. Twelve inches from base to tip,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

PHLOX DRUMMONDI.—

No. 193. Stand of i)est varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 194. Any variety, twelve, gratuities.

PEARS.—

No. 195. Beurre Giffard, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 50 1 00

YEGETABLES —

No. 196. Cabbage, three, Jersey Wakefield,

two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 197. Corn (Sweet), twelve ears, two

premiums $1 50 1 00

Thursday, August g.
CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.-

No. 198. Twenty blooms, or clusters, two

premiums $2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS.—

No. 199. Eighteen named varieties, one

spike each,four premiums, $4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00

VERBENAS.—

No. 200, Stand, best varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 201. Astrachan (Red), twelve, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

10

22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

FEARS.—

No. 202. Beurre Giffurd, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 50 1 00

GOOSEBERRIES.—

No. 203. Downing's Seedling, one qnart,

two premiums $1 00 50

No. 204. Any other variety, one quart, two

premiums 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 205. Cabbage, Winnigstadt, three

specimens, two premiums .... $1 50 1 00

No. 206. Corn, Crosby, twelve ears, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 207. Potatoes, Early Ohio, one-half

peck, two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 208. Squashj Marrow, four speci-
mens, two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 209. Tomatoes, Acme, thirteen speci-
mens 1 50 1 00

Thursday, August i6.

ANTIRRHINUM,— SNAP dragon.—

No. 210. Stand, best varieties, tliree pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM.—
No. 211. Six varieties, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

PINKS,— (all kinds.)—
No. 212. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

IRIS K^MPFERL—

No. 213. Best display, three premiums.. . .$3 00 2 00 100

APPLES.-

No. 214. Astrachan (Red), twelve, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 215. Early Harvest, twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23

PEARS.—

No. 216. Beurre dc TAssoinption, twelve,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 217. Clapp's Favorite, twelve, tliree

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 218. Dearborn's Seedling, twelve, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

PEACHES.—

No. 219. Alexander, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 220. Beatrice, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 221. Beans (shell). Concord, half-peck,

in pod, two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 222. Tomatoes, Emery, twelve, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 223. Livingston's Perfection,

twelve, two premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, August 23.

ASTERS.—

No. 224. Rose, eighteen, two premiums. . . $1 00 50

No. 225. Hedgehog, eighteen, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 226. Cocardeau (Crown), eighteen, two

premiums 1 00 50

No. 227. Victoria, eighteen, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 228. Boltzes, must be shown in the

whole plant, two premiums. .. . 2 00 1 00

ASTERS,— (Pompon.)—

No. 229. Stand, three in a bottle, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS, — (distinct varieties.) —

No. 230. Eighteen, 1 spike each, three pre-
miums $4 00 3 00 2 00

DAHLIAS, — (distinct varieties.) —
No. 231. Eighteen, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

24 WORCESTER COCTNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

APPLES.—

No, 232, Sweet Bough, twelve, three pre-

ininins $150 100 50

No. 233. Duchess of Oldenburg, twelve,

three preminins 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 234. Chipp's Favorite, twelve, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 235. Rostiezer, twelve, tliree premiums, 1 50 1 00 50

No. 236. Tyson, twelve, three premiums . . 1 50 1 00 50

PEACHES.—

No. 237. Hale (Early), twelve, tliree pre-
miums .."'. ...$150 100 50

No. 238. Rivers (Early), twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PLUMS.—

No. 239. Any variety, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 240. Squash, Turban, three speci-
mens, two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 241. Tomatoes, Paragon, twelve speci-
mens, two premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, August 30.

CUT FLOWERS,— (distinct varieties.)—
No. 242. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

DELPHINIUM.—

No. 243. Stand, best varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 100

GERANIUMS, — (distinct varieties.) —
No. 244. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

GLADIOLUS, — (no duplicates.) —
No. 245. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

1883.J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 25

SWEET FEA.—

No. 246. One stand, best variety, not more
than twelve blooms in one bottle,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 247. Williams's Red, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 248. Clapp's Favorite, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 50 1 00

No. 249. Any other variety, twelve, gra-
tuities.

PEACHES.—

No. 250. Cooledge, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50
No. 251. George Fourth, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

YEGETABLES.—

Beans, — (half-peck in pod.) —
No. 252. Hortieultural, two premiums. ... 1 50 1 00

No. 253. Lima (large) two premiums.... 1 50 1 00

Thursday, September 6.

BALSAM, GROWN IN POTS. —

No. 254. Six plants in bloom, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM JAPONICTJM.—
No. 255. Best display, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

PHLOX, — Perennial. —
No. 256. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

SCABIOSA.—

No. 257. Stand, best variety, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

ZINNIA.—

No. 258. Stand, at least twelve varieties,

two premiums $2 00 100

26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

MARIGOLD.—

No. 259 Stand, two preminins $2 00 1 00

APPLES.— ^

No. 260. Williams's Hed, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 261. Sweet Bough, two premiums. ... 1 00 50

No. 262. Worcester Spy, two premiums. . . 1 00 50

APPLES,— (Crab.)—
No. 263. Transcendent, 24, three premi-
ums $1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 264. Ansanlt, twelve, three premiums. $1 50 1 00 50

No. 265. Bartlett, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 266. Belle Lucrative, twelve, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 267. Earle's Bergamot, twelve, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 268. St. Ghislain, twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PEACHES.—
No. 269. Crawford (Early), twelve, two

premiums . , $1 00 50

No. 270. Foster, two premiums 1 00 50

PLUMS.—

No. 271. Bradshaw, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50

No. 272. Coe's Golden Drop, twelve, two

premiums 1 00 50

No. 273. General Hand, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 274. Imperial Gage, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 275. Jefferson, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 276. Lombard, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 277. Washington, twelve, two premi-
ums 1 00 50

VEGETABLES, — four varieties, viz., —

No. 278. Beans, half-peck ^

No. 279. Corn (Sweet), twelve ears ! Tliree premiums.

No. 280. Potatoes, half-peck ($3 00 2 00 100

No. 281. Squash, three specimens J

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27

Thursday, September 13.

BOUQUET~(PARLOR.)~

No. 282. Best, loosely arranged, three pre-
miums .'' $3 00 2 00 1 00

DAHLIA.—

No. 283. Stand, best variety, three premi-
ums $3 00 2 00 100

NASTURTIUM AND TROPCEOLUM,— (Stand )—

No. 284. Best varieties, not more than
twelve blooms in eacii bottle,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 285. Foundling, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50

No. 286. Golden Sweet, two premiums. ... 1 00 50

No. 287. Gravenstein, four premiums.. 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 288. Bartlett, twelve, four premiums.

$2 00 1 50 1 00 50

PEACHES.—

No. 289. Crawford (Early), twelve, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 290. Oldmixon, two premiums 1 00 50

MELONS.—

No. 291. Yellow Flesh, three specimens,

two premiums $1 00 50

No. 292. Green Flesh, three, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 293. Watermelons (2), two premiums. 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 294. Cucumbers, half-peck (for pickles),

two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 295. Peppers, twelve best, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Thursday, September 20.

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.—

No. 296. Twenty blooms or clusters, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

NATIVE FLOWERS,— NAMED varieties.—
No. 297. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

PANSIES, — WITH foliage. —

No. 298. Stand, three spikes in each bottle,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

FLOWERS AND FRUIT.—
No. 299. Combination, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 300. Codlin (Dutch), twelve, two pre-
miums $150 100

No. 301. Porter, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 302. Pum[)kin Sweet, two premiums. . 1 50 1 00

APPLES— (crab).—

No. 303. Hyslop, 24, two premiums $1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 304. Doyenne Boussoc, twelve, two

premiums $1 00 50

No. 305. Durandeau, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 306. Merriam, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 307. Paradis d'Automne, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 308. Seckel, three premiums 150 100 50

No. 309. Any other variety, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

GRAPES.—

No. 310. Moore (Early), three clusters, two

premiums $1 00 50

No. 311. Lady, three clusters, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 312. Lindley, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 313. Prentiss, three clusters, two pre-
miums 100 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS, 29

No. 314. Wordeii, three clusters, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 315. Brighton, three chisters, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

PEACHES.—

No. 316. Crawford (Late), twelve, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 317. Stump the World, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 318. Any other variety, two premi-
ums 1 00 50

No. 319. New Seedling — originated in
Worcester County — three pre-
miums 150 1 00 50

Thursday, September 27.
ASTERS.—
No. 320. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

BASKET CUT FLOWEKS. —

No. 321. Best, 12 inch, with handle, on

stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS— Stand.—
No. 322. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 323. Gravenstein, three premiums $150 100 50

No. 324. Holden Pippin, twelve, three pre-
miums 150 100 50

No. 325. Lyscom, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 326. Twenty Ounce, three premiums.. 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 327. Beurre Hardy, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 328. Beurre Superfin, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50
11

30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

No. 329. Louise Bonne de Jersey, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 330. Seckel, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 331. St. Michel Archange, two premi-
ums 1 00 50

No. 332. Washington, two premiums 1 00 60

PEACHES.—
No. 333. Any variety, twelve, gratuities.

GRAPES.—

No. 334. Concord, three clusters, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 335. Delaware, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 336. Duchesse, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 337. Pocklington, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 338. Any other variety, gratuities.

VEGETABLES, — four varieties, viz: —

No. 339. Onions, half-peck ^

No. 340. Potatoes, half-peck ! Three premiums.

No. 341. Salsify, twelve specimens [ $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 342. Squash, Cocoanut, six specimens J
No. 343. Cauliflower, three specimens,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, October 4.
BASKET — (cut flowers). —

No. 344. Twelve-inch, flat, oval, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

STAND — (out flowers.) —
No. 345. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 346. Garden Royal, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 347. Maiden's Blush, two premiums. . . 1 00 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31

No. 348, Washington Strawberry, two pre-
miums $100 50

No. 349. Any other variety, gratuities.

PEARS.—

No. 350. Beurre Bosc, twelve, four ])re-

miums . $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 351. Dr. Reeder, three premiums. ... 1 50 1 00 50
No. 352. Sheldon, four premiums.. 2 00 150 100 50
No. 353. Any other variety, gratuities.

GRAPES, OPEN CULTURE.

No. 354. Any variety, three clusters, gra-
tuities.

QUINCES.—

No. 355. Champion, twelve, three premi-
ums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 356. Orange, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.-

No. 357. Potatoes. — Six varieties (named),

half-peck each, three premiums. $2 00 1 50 1 00
No. 358. Squash, Hubbard, three, three

liremiums 1 50 1 00 50

Thursday, October ii.
CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties.—
No. 359. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

FLOWERS AND FRUIT.—
No. 360. Combination, three premiums... $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLES.—

No. 361. Canada Red (Old Nonesuch),

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 362. Baldwin, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

32 WOECEETEE C-JUNTT HOETICTTrTEAl. SOCIETY. [1SS3.

2fo. 363. King of Tompkins Gountr, three

premiums .* $1 50 1 00 50

!No. 36i- Leicester Sweet, three premiums . 1 50 1 00 50
^o. 365. Any other variety (named), gratuities.

PEAE.S.—

So. 366. Dix. twelve, three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

Xo. 367. Dnchesse, three premium-- 1 50 1 00 50

So. 368. Marie Louise, tliree premJums. . . 1 50 1 00 50

Xo. 369. Onondaga, three premioms 1 50 1 00 50

GKAPES,— <»PES GULTUEE.

So. 370. Any variety, three clusters, three

premiums $1 56 1 00 50

QUESCES.—

Xo. 371. Any variety (named), twelve, three

premiunis $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLES.—

So. 372- Celeeiac, five specimens, two pre-
miums $1 50 1 00

No. 373- Kohl, Rabi, five specimens, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

Thursday, October i8.
CUT FLO WEES.— (Bouquet.;—

So. 374. Style, fl^at, mantle, size not to ex-
ceed twelve inches from base to
tip, three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.— (Stasd).
No. 375. Tliree premiums $3 00 2 00 100

APPLES.—

No. 376. McClellan, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

1883.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33

No. 377. Sutton Beauty, three premiums. .SI 50 100 50
No. 378. R. I. Greening, three premiums . 1 50 1 00 50
No. 379. Any other variety (named), gra-
tuities.

PEAKS.—

No. 380. Beurre d'Anjou, twelve, four pre-
miums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 381. Beurre Diel, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 382. Doyenne du Cornice, four premi-
ums S2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 383, Urbaniste, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 384. Best Collection, grown from seed
that was itself raised b}' the
competitors, three premiums ..$3 00 2 00 1 00

Thursday, October 25.

CHRYSANTHEMUM.—

No. 385. Stand, three premiums S3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 386. Six plants in bloom, three pre-
miums 3 00 2 00 100

FERN— (parlor).
No. 387. Best plant, three premiums . . ..$2 00 100 50

PALM — (parlor). —

No. 388. Limited to two feet in height,

three premiums S2 00 1 00 50

GARDEN— (window.)
No. 389. Three premiums SI 00 3 00 2 00

APPLES.—

No. 390. Hubbardston Nonesuch, three pre-
miums $1 50 100 50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

No. 391. Mother, three premiums $1 50

No. 392. Nortliern Spy, three premiums,. . 1 50
No. 393. Roxbnry Kusset, three pi-emiums 1 50
No. 394. Yellow Belle Flower, three pre-
miums . 1 50 1 00 50

PEARS.—

No. 395. Beurre Clairgeau, two premiums. $1 00 50

No. 396. Beurre Langelier, three premi-
ums 1 50

No. 397. Dana's Hovey, two premiums . .

No. 398. Duchesse d'Angouleme, three pre-
miums 1 50

No. 399. Glout Morceau, three premiums . 1 50

No. 400. Josephine de Malines, three pre-
miums 1 50

No. 401. Lawrence, three premiums 1 50

No. 402. Mount Vernon, two premiums. . .^

No. 403. Winter Nelis, four premiums. . . .

2 00 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLES.—

No. 404. Collection or Novelties, five

varieties, three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 405. Best Collection of Seeds of

Garden Vegetables, grown by

conipetitors, three premiums . . 3 00 2 00 1 00

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

TEANSACTIOI^S

OF THE

WORCESTER COUNTY

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

FOE THE YEAR 1883.
COMPRISING

ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SECRETARY,

AND OF THE

LIBRARIAN.

PRESS OF CHAS. HAMILTON,

311 Main Street.

1884.

WORCESTER COTJNTY

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

A. D. 1883.

ANNUAL KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

To the Members of the

Worcester County Horticultural Society.

At the recent session of the American Pomological Society,
a paper was read, by the President of the Michigan State Horti-
cultural Society, upon the following thesis : —

" How can we best maintain a high standard of Quality in Fruits, as
against the tendencies of Commercial Pomology ?"

In plain terms, — How — to " advance the Science, and encourage
and improve the practice of Horticulture," can we most pro-
foundly sink the shop ? A precisely similar conundrum was
propounded, nineteen centuries since, in ancient Judea : What
business have the Brokers and Stock-Gamblers properly in the
Temple; — so near the unguarded Ark of the Covenant? The
remedy then and there applied, might be deemed too summary,
in these days of perfunctory police and vicarious virtue. But
the problem confronts us, just as forcibly : And it is one of
which the consideration cannot longer be delayed or avoided.

Quite lately, the Country Gentleman published the replies of
some " eminent fruit-growers " to an inquiry by that veteran
Pomologist, John J. Thomas, for their choice of the Three, and
also of the Six, " most valuable Strawberries and Raspberries."
The answers are restricted within a somewhat narrow latitude.

4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

althongh extending from Ne.w Jersey to the Mississippi River.
But, almost without exception, do they relate the experience of
market-growers ; — nursery-men producing, upon a large scale^
the plants, — in a majority of cases, the fruit also. No intelli-
gence, applicable to this extreme section of the Republic, can be
winnowed from that raw heap of confidence, No one wrote
from Clay-shire : and to New England, this side of Connecticut,
that geological, and almost geographical, expression, betrays all.
Said the late Dr. Brinckle to the writer, well-nigh thirty years
agone ; as they stood together in that famous back-yard between
Chestnut Street^ above Thirteenth, and Girard Roio ; we can
originate, but we cannot guaranty, growth in our soil. Vividly
can the writer recall that narrow space ; — through which one
had to thread his way between pots of seedling Raspberries ;
ducking his head underneath the clothes-line that could not be
denied to inexorable household necessity ; and then those three
Pear stocks along the brick party-wall, whose least limb had
been crowded with vigorous grafts by the untiring Doctor^ to
accelerate bearing ; and in the fortunate test of which, — their
comparative, or absolute, hardiness, fecundity, or quality, his
entire interest seemed to be reserved. Since his time we have
had Raspberries ; and — again Raspberries ! the puzzle being
sometimes of ditiicult solution where the rasp ended and the
berry commenced. But what other Pomologist, throughout this
broad Republic, can indicate a seedling originated by himself;
of permanent value ; or which deserves to be named in the same
day with the delicious Orange, of that overworked phj'sictian ?

"Forsan et hsec olim meminisse juvabit."

And therein must be sought the milk of this particular cocoa-
nut ; — the solution of the problem in hand. Brinckle's Orange
ranks easily first among all known Raspberries, in the points of
fecundity, beauty, and flavor. But it was never discovered by
Arctic explorers in their searches after the Polynia. Indeed, its
most ardent advocates are free to admit that it actually requires
protection throughout a Massachusetts Winter ; although not
more than a Potato during a Massachusetts Summer. And yet
with this sole drawback ; common as it is to every species of the

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 5

Rubus Idceus, and inseparable from them as it will be found ;
not one of the Pomologists addressed by Mr. Thomas even so
much as referred to the existence of that unequalled and pre-
eminent variety. Neither is there a solitarj^ mention of Fastolf,
Franconia, Knevett's Giant, Hornet ; nor even of the Northum-
berland Fillbasket, — whose late offspring — Baumforth's Seed-
ling,— holds out such luscious and encouraging promise. Of the
varieties that have found approval among the critical growers of
this established Society ; the Cnthbert alone receives commenda-
tion. Although a defect is alleged, curious enough to those who
have seen it in Worcester, in its "rather dark color"! But with
this solitary exception, not a single first-class Raspberry is men-
tioned by those " eminent fruit-growers", whose judgment was
solicited. You read of Souhegan, and Gregg ; of Ohio, and
Tyler; of Hopkins, and Mammoth Cluster; and realize that the
whole pother has been, after all, only about Thimble-berries!

Perhaps this is the aspect of the question, as viewed by the
market-grower, and huckster. But how is it presented to the
members of a Society which exists for the explicit and declared
pui-pose of " advancing the science, and encouraging and im-
proving the Practice of Horticulture " ? An indiscriminate
mention of Raspberries by their generic name; no distinction,
save by title, which only informs experts already instructed, of
the Rubus Idoeus from the opposite species Occidentalis. And
then the accidental, hap-hazard election ; for the public which
would grow its own stock ; of a little better berry than is found
by every road-side, over that which is a feast to set before Presi-
dents ! For, bear in mind, always, — that of all these countless
varieties of Rubus Occidentalis — (Thimbleberry), not one is put
forward, because a seedling! That, on the contrary, all are
recommended because their original and obvious superiority to
others growing wild had been observed and appreciated. Were
the art of man traceable ! could you refer to deliberate semina-
tion, and subsequent fruition, by any one ; could you, in short,
point to the origin of one new and valuable variety of the Occi-
dentalis, through assiduous experiment, care, and cultivation, as
you can to that of the Brinckle's Orange ; then indeed, might
the spirit of mortal be proud. But, it was found in a pasture, —

6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIEri^ [1883.

somewhat better than its fellows. It was extracted from a
stone-wall; and, with higher cultivation, the fool of Nature is
surprised at the subsequent increase in fecundity and quality.
The Glacier first ; and the Cyclone, which the Occidentalis
unfortunately has always with it; can deracinate and transplant.
But foresight, assiduity, and perseverance, must be taken into
our account with the election and eclecticism of species : nor can
any of them be omitted with safety, from the calculation, if you
would ensure the survival of the fittest. Here and there a
Raspberry is advocated because of superior hardiness. Now let
it be repeated here, as always in these Reports, that there was
never yet a variety of the species Idoeus that could endure the
winters of Massachusetts, uninjured. Nature may be circum-
vented : open defiance is never successful. It is not meant to
deny that, now and then, a variety may have survived a season
of average frost, to all appearance, without immediate injury.
Such has been the experience of the writer with the Philadel-
phia, which is not worth cultivating : and to the like eflfect is the
testimony of members of this Society, concerning the more valu-
able Clarke, Cuthbert, or Franconia. But the contention is, that
it is a risk; — one which no grower can afford to take. The
canes may live without protection : the chances are ninety-nine
(99) to one (1) that they will be killed outright, or rendered
worthless. " The constitution of the plant is enfeebled by ex-
posure to harsh climatic vicissitudes ; and it falls into a gradual
decline, furthered by the stimulating manure supplied to arrest
it, and accelerated by the unnatural crop that it is thereby forced
to yield. You may be told plausible tales of what this or that
grower has done, who leaves his Raspberry canes erect and
uncovered. But you would do well to reserve full faith and
credit ; unless you are of those fatuous fools who repose blind
faith in the audacious liars ! whose pedigree is deep in the blood
of Ananias and Sapphira : who are rioters in the get of ancestry ;
and whose fancy stock is endowed with the miraculous power of
doubling or trebling its own weight, annually, by simply passing
it, in solution, through a bag ! Well was it said that faith
might remove mountains. Yet, — ever since, while the stint con-

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 7

tinnes the same ; uo hill starts from its base : — only now, as
always, fools and their money are soon parted.

And so with Stkawberkies ! Of the " growers " catechised
by the Country Gentleman^ all knew what would " hest suit the
market "/ Evidently they have proved, partially at least, all
things. Would that they had likewise held fast to that which is
good. The Charles Downing gets a pretty fair word from most;
although even such acceptance is qualified by objections to this,
that, or the other alleged defect. Besides the Downing, every
other variety named is some novel introduction ; — not to be re-
jected, of course, for that reason ; but certainly not for novelty
alone to be commended for indiscriminate adoption.

Now delicious Strawberries were grown in the Town of
Worcester, when your Secretary was young enough to slide
down over the present location of Chestnut, and ^va.y Streets ; or
to skate upon ice, in Winter, before rollers were devised by the
Arch-Enemy ! Strawberries of superior flavor, and of ample
size, have been known and shown at the Exhibition of this
Society, in every Summer of its existence. Where are those
approved varieties, now? If lost to cultivation, what have you
substituted in their place ? Which of the countless sorts that
are advertised ; each Spring, or Autumn ; stands the searching
test of time and trial as did the Hovey <; the Jenny Lind ;
Doiuner, efucunda^ or Triomphe de Gandf If perchance you
obtain a good berry, now and then, how much better off are you,
as you find the novel acquisition secured by the sacrifice of some-
thing precious already in possession ? It has been otherwise
put : " For what shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole
world, and lose his own soul ?"

A Horticultural Society that would be true to itself ; — more
especially one, like our own, whose path is directly indicated as
a condition of its legal existence ; must guard against every
insidious tendency to perversion. The market may be left to its
own devices. Those who sell and get gain, can usually perceive
what will enure to their personal advantage. But the true Hor-
ticulturist requires, and means to have, something better from
his garden, or orchard, than the Wilson, Philadelphia, Baldwin,
or Bartlett. He has developed latent possibilities ; and rejoices

8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

in the discovery and wide-spread dissemination of the Triomphe
de Gand, and Charles Downing ; of the Fillbasket, Cnthbert, and
Brinckle's Orange ; Earle's BergawM^ Doyenne dii Cornice, or
Beurre d' Anjou ; or, and emphatically, those noblest of all
fruits, — the Gravenstein, and Northern Spy. We cannot, as a
Society, adopt tlie advice to plant the Bartlett ; and thereafter,
some more Bartletts ; and yet again — the Bartlett ! Oar stand-
ard is — excellence ; and we strive to originate, introduce, and —
should I not emphasize it ? perpetuate the best.

But, — you " relax your grip "! Why ? A new berry is
offered, — of perhaps superior size, if only of average quality,
which was grown under favoring conditions: and the customary
passion for change does the rest. The significant fact is over-
looked that all soils are not alike ; that extreme care and
assiduity were devoted to the production of the novelty ; and
that geese are not indeed and cannot by any means be trans-
formed into swans. The new variety is new, — and must there-
fore be had. Yet space is limited ; and the old and approved
favorites must be up-rooted and thrown away. A short trial
may detect inlierent defects, or utter worthlessness; but, when
the scales have fallen from your eyes, old things have passed
away ; and the sole vision left is of rows, or mats, of plants that
betray an absolute and entire waste of labor, time and money.
You have gratified your fancy ; but lost your fruit with the tried
variety which you will find it impossible to replace. How often
has one of our most skilful members declared to your Secretary
that he would again grow the Triomplie de Gand, could he
but depend upon getting the plants pure !

But one infallible rule can be suggested for your guidance.
Grow that which best suits your own exposure and soil ; never
forgetting that the^ alternations, within the limits of a single
town or city, from clay to sand, or from heat to cold, or from
drought to saturation, are often extreme. Nor, — that when you
have contrived to suit yourself, at least one person will be
pleased ! Trust those who purvey for the market to detect the
tendency toward sirloin, or shin-bone !

Unless a stubborn resistance is opposed to this commercial
spirit, so aggressive in its manifestations ; Horticulture will be

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 9

liable to serious infectioji from our latest national idiocy: — the
cant and rot of Pedigree. The old dung-hill fowl is worthless, —
since she only lays eggs and is not bred to a feather ! The old
Nancys and Mollies of the barn-yard are good for nothing, for
they yield naught but milk and butter ! They are not devel-
oped to the latter-day perfection, whereby the animal is made to
confound the old rule of the gambler that — " the more you put
down, the less you take up !" And thus it will inevitably result
with Pomology, except it is kept sedulously in mind that what is
new is not, for that reason, necessarily better than the old. That
the Market may be, usually is, ignorant of what is best; yet is
apt to learn. And finally, that a Horticultural Society, occu-
pying the watch-tower, is so posted, to sound the alarm when the
mischief becomes apparent: or when evil advice or wrong
tendencies threaten to subvert its better influences ; and corrupt
or |)ervert the public judgment.

Curious advice is often given to those who, in their inexperi-
ence, would fain be directed how best to grow a particular fruit.
Thus, — with reference to the Currant; — a writer in a leading
journal does not quite ignore the fact that the bush, and not the
tree-trunk, is the natural and onl}' proper form in which to
develop that most excellent summer fruit — the common English
distortion to the contrary, notwithstanding. But he goes on to
say : " if the bushes have raised, so that the roots can be seen
above ground, whatever the method of trimming may be, the
best way is to set new bushes." Which is exceeding nonsense.
In the experience of a life-time, your Secretary has found no
occasion for setting new bushes, unless a larger plantation
became desirable. He has the same, now, that he had when the
Currant worm first commenced the work of defoliation ; and
their yield, A. D. 1883, attracted general attention. Usually,
too many canes, or stalks, are suffered to remain ; six good
strong ones are enough. And they will be much more thrifty
than a larger number ; while the peril to the stalk from borers is
diminished in just the proportion that it is dispersed. Of course,
severe pruning, or thinning out, is implied ; and the root-growth
is apt to become excessive. But the regular use of a long spade
remedies all trouble from any such cause : the excision beneath

10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

the surface corresponding to the amputation above. When
withdrawing the spade, any man of ordinary skill can easily
transpose the earth so that the roots will be sufficiently buried.
If you would take the trouble, however, to lift and re-set each
bush ; and you will be surprised to find how quickly^ and at
what slight cost of labor, it can be done ; you would be amply
repaid. Shortening in of the side shoots is a wise measure ; as
greater rigidity is thus confirmed in the main stems, enabling
them to bear up under their augmented burden of products.
English customs of cultivation should tincj as little tolerance, or
imitation, in our climate and with our torrid suns, as does the
English love for the Black Currant, — so utterly distasteful and
even repulsive to the Vankee palate. The Currant-bush, it is
true, yields its grateful fruit throughout the fervent heats of
Summer: but its wood appreciates shade, as well as does that of
the Cherry ; either of them cracking, scalding, or exuding their
very life-sap, when too openly exposed and hotly scorched.
And, — most essential, — do not be stingy of stable manure I Use
night-soil whenever you can without ofience: resting confident in
the actual experience of those who have tried it, that nothing else
is 60 efficacious, or productive of such ample returns.

Art^ thus, — without fibre or pith, — is a major part of the
mental food wherefore we are made to pay roundly. The Sun-
day newspaper, with its conflicting hash of politics and theology ;
with its tete exalte and feet of miry clay ; occasionally ? — slops
over ! And, in lieu of now, my beloved brethren I we enter
upon seventeenthly I startles the tired reader with such concen-
trated bathos, as the subjoined : —

" The born aiistocrat believes in blood, and after all. in the true
sense, it is the blood that we want. The leaves of the English Elrns,
on Bo.ston Common, are as fresh to-day a.s they were in June: while
the American Elms are diy and withered already* with the drought.
The one has h>een forever invigorated by English fogs and has got the
habit of vitality in its texture. The other has grace and beauty, but
is weak in the struggle for existence. This illustrates the present
weakne.ss of Amei"ican life. The demand for strength and force was
never so great ; the fr»rcei« which are behind strong men and women
were never so weak, and are growing weaker eveiy day."

• September 22d, A. D. 1883.

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 11

Great Pan is dead ! but Diana of tlie Eftasions shall live and
be worshipped for ever ! Be the reign of flapdoodle eternal !
Yet, in such wise, we — Horticulturists, Pomologists, Grangers ! or
simple Terrcectdtui'ists, innocent even of Initiation ! the name
matters not so long as j'ou can smell the Mari-gold ! are reduced
for development to pedigree, after all !

Vanished forever from the view of the Pomologist is Yan
Mons, with his theory ! Worse than idle is the counsel of Mar-
shall P. Wilder: and ultimate perfection from hybridization, or
cross-fertilization, might as well be dismissed for the idle dream
of senility. Pedigree !

" The blood of bulls and of goats : and the ashes of a heifer sprink-
ling the unclean ;"

are elevated upon the pedestal : and that which was before in-
cense, and an offering of adoration, is transformed into the very-
God.

" The leaves of the English Elms on Boston Common are as fresh,
to-day, as they were in June."

Score one for the SangrS Azul ! But the English Oaks, on
Elm Park, in Worcester, are as dead as the Georges, — if more
fragrant in decay : while their American congeners, in the same
bleak exposure, open wide their arms in deflance of Boreas and
the gale. Likewise the immigrant, if tilled with vital force, sur-
vives to multiply and replenish the land. The inspiration, — " on
his native heath," — may have been English Fog, or Mountain
Dew ! but the clear and exhilarating skies of America would
quickly dissipate either. Insist upon sound stocks ! to commence
withal. Hesist disease and repel parasites ! — to continue. Put
faith in wholesome nutrition ! allowing the health-giving current
free circulation and tolerating neither impediment nor dam in
the veins or arteries : and your Elms, as your Oaks ; whether
discovered in the primeval forest by Miles Standish and Edward
Winslow ; or imported, as saplings, by Brian Boroighme ; will
alike grow up to become standards of stateliness and strength ; —
rioting in vigorous life ; and tossing their wealth of foliage to a
sunshine and breeze that laugh to mockery an " English Fog."
Hercules may have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena ; and

12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

nobly did he achieve the labors imposed upon him. Yet, — so
long as Antaeus could touch his Mother Earth, he remained
invincible. Therefore, know a good thing when you see it!
And freeze, or warm, to it, in proportion to your sense, and
according to your appreciation, of its merits, — should it turn out
bloodless as a Turnip !

There is an aphorism, — old as Man, — Go away from home, if
you would learn what has happened at your own door ! In an
English journal, that lies upon our tables, ma}' be found a whole
page of extracts from an American contemporary that are
stuffed to repletion with the most extravagant praise of the
Kietfer Pear. After contrasting it with the Lawrence, and other
approved varieties, to their invariable and immense disadvantage ;
the writer mounts his high horse, and careers as follows : —

"Kieffers also found customers in Massachusetts^ as several bushels
grown in Burlington County, N. J., were shipped to Worcester, Mass.,
and although delayed a week by an accident on the railroad, they sold
readily on arrival at S6.00 per bushel, the same as in Philadelphia."

I think that this will be news to you, and doubt if tlie state-
ment could be verified. Have any of you been able to find a
ready sale, at Six Dollars per bnshel ! for any Pear, — no matter
what the variety ? Can you obtain that price, even now, when
fruit is comparatively scarce, for the Comice, or d' Anjou^ Or
have you ever known the time when so much was offered for the
Bartlett, or Clapp ? Such exaggeration may delude the ignorant,
and serve to disperse a worthless novelty among those who
receive, for gospel, anything that is in print. But, when it gains
currency and sanction, by its republication in a journal of
deserved repute, in another country; it is high time that its
gross falsehood were detected and denounced.

The Kieffer Pear has been shown, at our Exhibitions, by our
veteran associate from West Boylston. Its external appearance,
which is decidedly in its favor, was by far the best part of it.
The writer, first quoted, says that " it does not rot until verj^
ripe, and remains firm at the core to the last." Specimens given
to your Sec7'etary, for trial, did not ripen until wholly rotten ;
when, the flesh being worthless, the condition of the core was of

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 13

little moiDent. This, of course, whs a trial upon a small scale;
and, as one swallow does not make a Summer, a single failure
may not condemn a variety. But the trial was made in good
faith ; and its results are better worth acceptance than the whole-
sale invention which fabricates, or distorts, to suit a personal
interest. When the scripture reads, — " My advice to the young
fruit-grower is, to plant what pays best !" — its apostle will
scarcely found a new dispensation.

In this same epistle to rural New Yorkers, we find that the
scribe had-

" planted and tried to grow the Orange, Hornet, and other choice
varieties of Raspberries, but could make no profit from them here ;
while ten acres of Brandywines, — dry, firm berries, not of best quality
for table use — yielded one season 26,300 quarts which carried well,
looked well and sold for $4,340, and, after deducting all expenses, left
a nett profit of $2,800, an average of $280 per acre."

Shades of Cooraassie and Jersey I^elle of Scituate ! In vain

"You coin your hearts,
And drop your blood for drachmas ;"

There can be tricks taken in Horticulture, worth all your
vaunted pedigree.

Our scribe does not think much of the Seckel ; for it does not
put money in his purse ! He prefers to grow the Wild-Goose
Plum, which partially resists the Curculio, rather than the
" Jefferson, Coe's Golden Drop, or the Washington ; — Plums of
the first quality," to secure which he would have to exert him-
self ! — somewhat of a hardship to a sluggard.

Against all such counsels a Horticultural Society should set its
face like a fiiat. Individual members may go astray, or be mis-
led, in their hungry hankering after the flesh-pots ; but the
pathway of the organization is blazed, broad and clear, through
garden and orchard. Follow not after Baal, who may be asleep
or gone a journey ; build no altars to the unknown God ! You
may feed on quails and manna, or worship a Golden Calf, in the
wilderness. But it is only when you espy the Land of Promise,
in near perspective, that you can " come unto the brook of
Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of

14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Grapes " which it will require two to " bear upon a staff," bring-
ing also " ponaegranates and figs."

It is possible, with exceeding credulity, to believe that Archi-
tecture may be " frozen music." Yet, as among the devotees of
the tuneful muse, harmony is usuall}' the one thing lacking, — so
it is evident that the mere process of congelation could not give
it birth. '"''Ex nihilo, nihil fit ^ Hence the discords that every-
where arrest attention are not surprising: startling us, by the
apparition, in the same narrow landscape, of formations after
the Springfield mania; the " Queen Anne" conceit ; the Gothic
savagery ; .or the delicate Grecian fancy. Built to lease, or to
sell, they may last throughout our brief period : and is not the
true philosophy, — Apres moi, le deluge ! Thus built, — as it were
for a shelter-tent ; why should the occupant care for those
adornments wherewith he might otherwise surround himself, but
that are wholly unsuited to the card-" house that Jack built."
By and by, — as population increases, and settlement closes in
upon itself; the enjoyment of even the smallest space of ground
becomes impossible: and they who would fain cherish some
favorite flower, or fruit, are reduced to the closest straits.
Whether a remedy for such wants is practicable ; whether it
shall be provided under a more thorough method of construction,
in this our own day and generation ; may involve a waste of time
to consider. But, that " they do these things better in France,"
has been an accepted proverb for many long years. And how
they are done, in at least one instance, I translate, for your in-
formation and enjoyment, from the Revue Horticole : —

" There are few persons who have never heard mention of the
famed Hanging Gardens, of Babylon, attributed to Serairamis : or who
have never read the marvellous account of them handed down by
tradition.

" Savants, — simple scholars even, have doubted if it were possible
to create those gardens. That they are wrong, we may well believe ;
for where is the impossibility, when one can dispose of all power ; and
the forces and resources of an entire People are controlled by a single
will ? Setting aside exaggeration, — it is permitted us to believe that
such gardens once existed. Besides, — who has not known examples, —
at least upon a small scale ?

"What are these terraces? — these balconies that are in sight, every-
where? whereon flowering plants are grown, if not hanging gardens

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 15

after a fashion peculiar to themselves ! Yet more : those mansards,
in whose garrets the woiking-girl cultivates at her casement : often at
a mere dormer-window ; some plant that she has bought, or the
' Volubilis,' of which she sowed the seeds ! So much the less can it
be called a matter of money. That alone will not suffice. Something
else than wealth is essential. Love ! love, — without which nothing can
be accomplished ; but with which, on the other hand, all thing^ are
possible, and which has caused the saying, — ' Though I should" have
the gift of miracles, and though I should speak all tongues, it would
be useless if I had not Charity — in other words — Love.'

"Veiy well, that Love! we have known in Paris a man who pos-
sessed it, and who, upon the fifth story, well-nigh sixty feet from the
ground, has created a veritable Garden. This man is M. Lockroy,
senior; who indeed has always been foiid of plants. He cultivated the
earth as long as he could ; and until his garden, in the Rue du Roche,
had been taken to build streets : then, still loving those whom he
called 'his children,' he commenced, at No. 32 Washington Street, a
garden in the air. But here again he distinguishes himself; and, in-
stead of limiting his efforts to the growth of a few climbing plants for
the purpose of shade ; he has invented as it were, and created what
probably exists nowhere else : — an actual fruit garden — a sort of
Orchard. And there is just where you may see what can be done
when one is influenced by the love, or passionate desire, for a thing.
Note the facts ! Upon a terrace almost twenty (20) metres long by at
least two (2) wide ; strengthened towards the street by an iron rail-
ing; M. Lockroy has placed boxes in which the pots containing his
Pears are completely buried. It would be useless to add that the soil
is a suitable compost, thoroughly assimilated."

The writer, Mons. E. A. Carriere, adds that M. Lockroy per-
mits no one but himself to touch his trees, and goes on to state
that : —

" The number of varieties grown by M. Lockroy, is eighteen : of
which none seem to find the maimer of cultivation unsuitable. While
he has had among them the Doyenne d'Hiver, and other varieties
that generally spot, there are never defective fruits in that ^rial
Garden on Washington Street, thanks to the use of nicotine which 31.
Lockroy sprinkles freely. Perhaps there is a lesson in this, whose
application may well be wider.

"Although Pear culture receives the most attention, 31. Lockroy has
demonstrated that his manner of cultivation is adapted to other things,
as well. For, besides Currants, and Gooseberries, he grows Roses
with very great success : and we can testify that the vigor and health
of his bushes as well as the beauty of the flowers leave nothing to be
desired. ^>j Let us add, to explain this result, that 31. Lockroy is a pas-
sionate amateur in Rose-culture; and that, in the era of Laffay,
Vibert, Verdier, and Leveque, — seniors, — his knowledge, in all that
relates to this genus, had already constituted him a teacher."

16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

You arc not challenged to inaitation, or rivalry, under our
American system of construction. The balloon-frame ; with its
super-structure of mansard, or pitched roof; does not invite the
extra load that M. Lockroy so fearlessly imposes. What may
be possible, in a remote future ; when the average Yankee shall
build for all time, and thereafter and because of it become his
own insurer ; is a pleasant speculation. That we could not build
much worse may be confidently assumed. That we shall im-
prove, rather than retrograde, may be boldly predicated by all
who reflect that climate is inexorable ; and that the hard and
slovenly discomfort of Anne's shiftless reign might as well be re-
vived, as the

"quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles,"

of erection, or finish which, with the faintest semblance of
reason, are latterly charged to her example.

The founders of this Society builded no wiser than they knew.
Thoroughly versed in the Horticultural Science of their own
times, they never doubted ; — sagacious and busy men of the world
as they were, and had always approved tliemselves ; that much
remained to be discovered beyond their immediate ken. They
rambled in the fields, which almost encroached upon Main Street ;
they roamed through the shaded walks in the garden of William
Lincoln, stretching, in its ample and complete extent, from the
Hermitage Brook almost to the present Kural Cemetery ; and
whatsoever they found by brook-side ; (for the Salisbury Pond
was not then even fancied as a possible want;) or in the ever
present grove ; they gathered, analyzed, and explained, without
money or price, to an abounding and continually larger audience.
And it was for such reasons: — because they fully recognized an
existing necessity ; because they saw that the Agricultural Soci-
ety had enough to demand and occupy its attention, unless it
elected to bite ofi" a larger end than it could chew ; and for the
additional reason, becoming stronger as Worcester should increase
in population and extend its habitations, that the farm and or-
chard must inevitably be pushed farther, and yet more remote^
from the Town Hall ; that those clear-sighted, large-hearted and
public-spirited men — Anthony Chase, Clarendon Harris, Fred-
eric William Paine, William Lincoln, and Stephen Salisbury

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 17

associated themselves, with the declared " purpose of advancing
the science and encouraging and improving the Practice of
Horticulture."

Through Autumnal Exhibitions ; and elaborate Reports by-
expert Committees; either of them maintained, or perfected, at
untold cost of time and devoted labor ; those men and their suc-
cessors (for, alas ! few of the patriarchs survive), confirmed and
permanently established this Worcester County Horticultural
SociKTV. And the question which is now suggested, by events
occurring around us, is — have we been true to the trust trans-
mitted to us ? which we voluntarily assumed ! We hold Exhi-
bitions, it is true, as in the infancy of the corporation ; and there
is an unfailing and ample display of exquisite Flowers and Fruits,
each in their season. We oflPer pecuniary encouragement for the
introduction of new varieties of merit : and our tables supply
satisfactory evidence that the lure was not ineffective in its temp-
tation. Once, at least, we instituted a course of Botanical Lec-
tures, by an acknowledged Master of the Science : and contrived
to keep our Hall about one-third full, by a profuse distribution
of tickets, gratis^ among those who would not otherwise attend.
Perhaps we were too easily discouraged. But the blood of the
martyrs offers slight promise of grateful nutrition ; and few care
to supply it, in their own persons, as an original package.

Nevertheless, others have commenced where we left off*. The
school of the prophets is re-opened ; and the Botanical Lecture is
seconded and supplemented by the Botanical Class. Another
Society does this; — taking up our appropriate task; — making it
a labor of love; — and persevering where we wearied and fell
faint by the way-side. Without anj'- assured endowment ; with-
out any permanent fund, wherefrom to draw at will ; with no
Scientitic Library for reference, belonging to it; it has gone on,
— modestly, — enthusiastically, — effectively; — until, at last, it
offers, complete and ready for publication a full, descriptive,
Flora of Worcester County. Alas ! that it should be my ill
fortune to announce such a work begun and consummated, under
other auspices than our own ! For ourselves have been the pre-
miums— the read}'- cash ! For those other assiduous students

2

18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

the present richly earned credit ; — the undying renown of actual,
solid achievement.

Still, without petty jealousy, it may be our high privilege to
foster and support. It has occurred to your Secretary tiiat a
subscription for a generous number of copies of that work would
be a creditable act ; and that those copies might well be kept for
award as gratuities throughout the Floral Exhibitions of the
ensuing year.

And, again : to promote our own declared aims ; as well as to
assist those of similar tastes who are groping, as it were, in the
dark ; I would most earnestly recommend tliat the use of our
Library, under such restrictions as may be deemed indispensable,
be proffered to any and all students of Botany that shall be
accredited to us by the officers of the Natural History Society.
Labor, time, and money, are often needlessly wasted, in the effort
to found Libraries devoted to some especial braiich of science ;
when all that is essential had been long since accumulated
in those larger collections of books that are established upon a
wider basis. Liberality in this particular, will enure to our
own ultimate benefit. The botanical student of to-day will be-
come the florist and exhibitor of to-morrow. The talent, put out
at interest, will yield returns, scar(;ely to be computed : and that
which is now almost a dead investment upon our shelves, loaned
out, circulated, and consulted, shall broaden and strengthen the
foundation upon which this Society must build its faith of per-
petual vitality and usefulness.

The letter way of displaying Flowers, at an Exhibition, has
never been reduced to one precise, unvarying Rule. The Basket,
or Yase may adorn; the Design, — heaven save the mark! be-
wilder or perplex. The average, uncultivated taste appears to
incline toward the massing system ; those aggregations, by what-
soever name, that blend and sink all individuality, whether of
genera or species. But the incoming tide is irresistible. The
single Dahlia is in the ascendant; and the bedding mania has
ceased to cloud the popular judgment. And, after all, — why
should there be any doubt ? As a Horticultural Society, you
aim at perfection. If achievement is your avowed object, — you
must favor the production of specimen flowers. To determine if

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 19

they are perfect, — should they not be shown separately, if possi-
ble: at all events, with as little bunching as consists with due
arrangement ? Take, for example, the Hollyhock ! What ! or
how mncli can a solitary flower disclose of the manner of growth ;
the vigor of stalk ; or the general character and style of the
entire plant ? Our schedule, A. D. 1883, called for the " best
display;" the "best 12 distinct colors;" the " best 6 distinct
€olors." Those 12, or 6, colors, like so many kernels of corn
upon the ear, may be indicative; — yet of what? Let him de-
<3lare who has learned the lesson, if any, which they have to teach !
But what lessons can yon learn from a detached bloom of the
Holljdiock, — more than from one of the Gladiolus, — which you
would laugh to see ? Yet the cases are exactly similar ; and any
distinction is without a palpable diflference. Should not the
whole spike of the Hollyhock be required for exhibition ? Even
John Bull is of that advanced opinion ; for, in " The Garden "*
*' T. H. B." is complimented, yet advised, as follows : —

"Hollyhocks. — (T. H. B.) The flowers you send are good, par-
ticularly the dark crimson sort, which is one of the finest of its color!
In order to judge Hollyhocks properly, however, the full spikes must
be seen."

We have much to learn ; — somewhat to forget, or discard. But
where there exists a willingness to be taught ; a pei'fect schedule
may be lioped for, sooner or later, if not coujpletely attained.

Strawherr'ies were shown, the past season for the first time,
flat, — as the term is: or, arranged upon a dish, in a single layer.
The experiment was entirely successful, and gave equal satisfac-
tion to competitors and the Judge. Every thing was at once
apparent, but flavor ; the presence, or lack of that being of the
easiest determination. No time was wasted in vague speculation
whether the quart, so handsomely " deaconed," was honest : de-
fects or deceit becoming obvious at a glance. It has proved the
most decided advance that has been taken, for years, in our
manner of displaying the smaller fruits. And we may the better
incline to look favoi'ably upon any other suggestion that will
promise to facilitate, or simplify, what is sufiiciently difficult and

* The Garden (London, Eng.), Aug. 4, p. 104.

20 WOECESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883,

tedious, at best, — the task of rendering an entirely impartial and
just award. For our signal measure of success, hitherto, let us
be grateful !

Seedling Peaches, for which you offer a Standing Premium,,
have not been shown in as much variety as of old. Specimens
from Mrs. Henry Lovell, of North Ashland Street, in the City
of Worcester, attracted the close attention of our faithful Judge ;
whose original scepticism was finally set at rest. The similarity
of species, much more of varieties, is so strong, that the sharpest
and most conscientious observation will frequently prove inade-
quate to the detection of a counterfeit. Imposition is however
continually attempted : and it is for the vital interest of Pomolo-
gists everywhere, that discovery and exposure should be imme-
diate and summary. In all these cases of uncertain nomen-
clature, or doubtful origin ; the judgment of your Secretary is
confirmed, as to the value of a capable and honest judge ; who
makes awards by the best lights at his command ; and who does
not hesitate to follow and dissipate that treacherous beacon — the
ignis fatuus of each new competitor, which indicates that what
we most want we ought surely to have. The science of Feach-
growing ; how much more of Plums ! is largely that of Paradise
Lost. In the good time coming, — whereof Riley is the probable
Prophet, — we shall exchange chance for certainty ; trade with
West Boylston, and Grafton, rather than Delaware ; and, rev-
eling in flavor, feel renewed assurance that the proof of each
pudding must be in its eating, whatsoever may have been its
pedigree !

At the last Annual Meeting of your Trustees, a proposition
to create a separate Vegetable Department, with its exclusive
and peculiar Committee, failed to secure your approval. At the
same time, the first step towards its establishment was taken, by
the addition of a specific sum to the General Appropriation, to
be applied, as stated, to increase the awards for Vegetables.
That money could not have been expended more wisely. To be
sure, — if sent to Borriaboola Gha it might have lent its volume
to swell the current of Lost River ; and possibly, on its return,
" after many days," aided in gaining your exemption from taxa-
tion, as a new school of theology. But this Horticultural Society

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 21

was founded with an honest purpose ; has never sought immunity
from wliat should be a common burden, through false pretences ;
and so now stands upriglit' l)efore this community, bearing the
unequal load imposed upon it ; owing no man anything tiiat it
cannot pay upon demand ! Despite an unpropitious season, you
have stimulated the growth of Sweet Corn, the Tomato, the
Squash; and above all Celery ; — to a development whereof the
public reap a common benefit. I do not mention Cauliflowers:
reserving them as the particular spoil of my own bow and
quiver; recalling how often, in days of yore, the lonely hours of
an Annual Autumnal Exhibition were occupied in impressing
upon my assistant, that the market would absorb whatsoever
Mountain Street might be made to yield ; and feeling especial
self-complacency over the manifest fact that neither the sermon,
nor its application to the immediate audience, were wasted.

A separate Vegetable Department will be indispensable, before
long; if for no other reason, to relieve the judge of Fruits from
what will have become an onerous, and somewhat incongruous,
duty. At present, — it appears to your Secretary better to let
well alone : awaiting development, expecting change, and hold-
ing ourselves in readiness to accept whatever is new that may
approve itself as an advancement upon the old.

In the Spring-time of this Society, when everything was fair
with promise ; when there was no fund from which to pay pre-
miums, and therefore (?) few cared for tliem ; a Committee was
appointed, to devise a Diploma of appropriate design and care-
ful execution. There is no record tliat anything was accom-
plished. But, does not the need exist? The First-Class Certifi-
cates, so-called ; awarded by the Royal Horticultural Society of
England ; are prized beyond measure by their fortunate re-
cipients. Should not this Society extend some recognition of
especial merit, in origination ; propagation, if you choose ; or
even rare skill and success of cultivation ? The money premium
does not represent an equally solid value to all. A meritorious
distinction; rigidly guarded, and, bestowed solely upon and for
desert; would be an object of emulation; and, when secured, be-
come prized and valuable, in proportion to the difliculty of its

22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1^83.

attainment. The Centennial Diplomas that adorn our walls
attest but partially the renown which attached to yonr standing
as a Society, A. D. 18Y6. All of those Diplomas should find
their congenial and proper home within this hall. A Century
hence, — they will supply a point of departure ; a method of esti-
mating the progress towards perfection of that Pomological Evo-
lution which started, as its germ, from the Bosc and Cornice of
the present day. Let this Society, also, award its Certificates^
or Diplomas ; yet onl}' as they may be earned, and with a caution
that shall be extreme in its parsimony !

A Florist, of wide repute; whose presence' at our Exhibitions
is in inverse ratio to the warmth of his welcome ; who has often
placed upon our tables collections of those superb Roses" for
which he is so deservedly famous ; and to whom, still more fre-
quently, we have been indebted for excellent and timely cultural
counsel ; asks your Secretary why our limit of competition is
restricted to the County of Worcester ? Why the Florists, and
Pomologists of the State, are not invited to compete, as freely as
they are at Boston, by the Massacluisetts Society ! He did not
imagine that there would be many to avail themselves of such a
privilege : " but," added he, " if a crowd, your Society need not
fear ! " Years ago, — we imposed no such restriction of resi-
dence ; and it is my individual recollection that no disastrous re-
sults followed. On the contrary, it was our occasional felicity to
be favored with a display, which, from its intrinsic beauty and
the instruction it afforded, richly merited the award that it ob-
tained as it were by unanimous acclaim. What have we gained
by our infinitesimal Chinese wall ? How much better now might
we challenge, or endure, competition, when our members go down
upon deliberate forays and return laden with the spoil of the
Egyptians ! Possibly, it is not a matter of essential moment ;
but, as an evidence of magnanimity, it could not hurt the collec-
tive Society ; while, to individuals, wholesome opportunities of
observation and comparison, otherwise unavailable, might now
and then be presented. Other corporate bodies throw their doors
wide open. The managers of the Musical Festival scour the wide
world for fresh and acceptable talent. The young and flourish-
ing Rifle Club hold a Tournament; bright precursor of an inter-

1888.] TRANSACTIONS. 2'^

im'nable Piiccrssioii to follow, each inore popiilai' and prosperous
in their orfler ; and the Disinherited, or Black Knight, are alike
welcome within the lists. Onr local Agricultural Society I)roods
beneath the wing of the pretentions New England organization ;
and for years past literally

Stetit nominis umbra.

Why should we hesitate, or what shall we apprehend ?

Your latest Exhihition^ on the 25th nit., became tiie happy
culmination of a successful season. The Hall of Pomona was
tilled with a collection of fruit and vegetables that burdened the
tables ; and the space, not thus appropriated, was thronged by
ail ever-changing, continually-renewing audience. Fruit was in
its season, and at its prime ; Beuri e d'Anjou, Glout Morceau, and
Winter Nelis, not being invited in September, as formerly : wliile
the Hubbardston Nonesuch, and Roxbury Russet, had 'attained
their full autumnal development, — whereof the latest month is
the most essential to complete maturation. If Flowers tailed, —
or were inferior ; it need not be forgotten that their glory was
in the milder days of Summer ; nor that, from May to Septem-
ber, there was not a week that was without its attraction, — or
surpassing charm. Be thankful that, years ago, you had the
prescience to anticipate, and provide for, a possible future ! Ex-
ult ! not as the Bharisee, but with an eaynest pride, that you did
not listen to the timid caution which siirinks from the tlrst step ;
cowardly awaiting the initiative by others ; but that, instead, you
became pioneers of an advanced Horticulture, — blazing, clear
and wide, a new and straight path through the wilderness of in-
decision and untried experiment. Would you know how other
Societies, of approved repute, yet linger in the desert, groping
blindly for the way that is so bright to us ! The lesson might be
learned in Boston : but 1 prefer to take you across the Atlantic :

"Royal Horticultl-eai. Society: — It must not be overlooked, that
the great disasters which have befallen the Society have arisen mainly
from the attempts that have been made to attract the non-horticultural
public. The further the Society has departed from its original pro-
gramme, the worse it has fared. The large exhibitions, even, what
ever may once have been the case, are now, as a rule, not only not

24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

remunerative, — that is, they do not attract the _^eneral public in num-
ber sufficient to make them pay ; but they are of very little real value
to horticulturists as compared with the committee meetings. By aban-
doning in part, at least, the Great Show, one source of expense will be
materially lessened ; while by improving and enhancing the interest of
the committee meetings,* the Fellows at large would get as much or
more for their subscriptions than they now do.

'' Chiswick, and the committees, in fact, should be the main things
to which the energy of the Society should be devoted.

"The duties of local committees or local secretaries should be, to
coiumuuicate at intervals to the parent Society information as to local
horticulture; — as what peculiar systems of culture are adopted; or
what varieties of Apple, Pear, Potato, or what not, do best in the par-
ticular locality : — in fact, to act as scouts for the parent Society ; which,
in return, should keep the provinces au courant with what is done in
London, and, by the medium of Chiswick, distribute such grafts, seeds,
or plants, of new or improved kinds, as could fairly be distributed with
out interfering with legitimate trade. "f

The Nineteenth Bi-ennial Session of the American Pomo-
LOGiCAL Society was duly held, in Philadelphia, during the
second week of September, last. The dates usually selected for
those Sessions are about as untimely as they could well be for
Massachusetts: especially since it was determined to invite a
simultaneous display, from all parts of the Republic, of their
favorite fruits. September is the month wherein, from time
immemorial, our Harvest shows are appointed : and the question
must necessarily be forced upou us, biennially, whether of two
things, each eminently desirable, shall be preferred. Such
election is difficult, perhaps invidious ; and its necessity might
well be obviated. At any rate, it would seem that the latitude,
of the locality chosen, shall be considered, whenever a Pomo-
logical Exhibition is invited: in whicli event, the same week
would not hold good for Massachusetts, Georgia, Illinois, or
Pennsylvania.

1 have suggested, heretofore, that it might not be pre-
sumptuous for a Society, so firmly established as our own, to
contemplate a session of the Pomological Society here, in
Worcester. We could accustom ourselves to the idea ; and, if
not in the immediate future, perhaps common consent might

* Fairly equivalent to our own Weekly Exhibitions. [E. W. L.]
t Gardener's Chronicle, Feby. 10, 1883.

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 25

concede to us the occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of our
Incorporation. A. D. 1892, is quite distant : and doubtless the
writer, with a moiety of .this audience, may be cultivating Eclec-
tic Strawberries ; or inhaling eternal and celestial fragrance,
from the Blue Roses of Jerusalem, the Golden. The alterna-
tive, not being even a plausible supposition, is not taken into the
account. That Lower Region, surcharged as it is with theo-
logical sulphurets ; exempt as it must be from mildew and every
form of fungoid growth; can be no perennial habitation or home
for the true Horticulturist, — all whose labors are exerted in the
promotion of a better and happier life. Rather, let it be re-
served for the Church-Member, who deliberately withholds from
Caesar the things that are indisputably his own ! Somewhat also
for the Civic Assessor ! who descries, in a sub-lease to the Pitcher
and Catcher ; not seldom to the lusty Stallion and his pro-
fessional server ; that degree of Education or Science, wherein, it
must be admitted, — the Florist and Pomologist are signally, or
sexually, at fault. But the members of this Society, a decade
hence ; enjoying freedom from debt, and possessing adequate
means; may well wish to show their clioice Library and the
complete, as unincumbered, structure which is their Horticul-
tural home; to their fellows of congenial pursuits and tastes
througiiout the Republic. No one need feel shame, save for his
own fault or negligence, should your prospective guests obtain a
furtive, if no better, view of Worcester and its suburbs — pol-
ished gems in its coronal of rural beauty.

For it may as well be understood, — being above and beyond
denial ; that this Society is no — poor pussy ! — needing to have
its fnr stroked smoothly ; does not exist by patronage ; is grate-
ful for honest and hearty appreciation ; and peremptorily de-
clines to be relegated to a second, or inferior rank. In many
respects, it falls short of its avowed aims : it does not always seek
so much to increase and diffuse a knowledge of scientilic and
practical Horticulture, as to put money in its individual purse.
Yet, — when all is admitted in derogation, this fact presents
itself, salient and actual : that this organization of ours is throb-
bing with healthy blood ; that its vitality is unimpaired, old age
maintaining its clutch; and youth, of either sex, acquiring a

2f) WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

fresher and more tenacious hold. Whatsoever you choose to
make of this Society, within the coming decade, — that, be sure it
will become, as an instrumentality for good or ill.

You may knuckle to cool assumption ! surrender precedence
to brazen pretension ! or, continuing in the even tenor of j'our
way, so conduct your affairs, that, when the time is at hand to
celebrate your Golden Wedding to Horticultural Science and
Practice ; there shall be none to withhold due laud and
reverence. For such a consummation have many labored al-
ready, achieving the toilsome ascent of Pisgah, yet realizing that
the Land of Promise, stretching out in far perspective, was not
for their .enjoyment, or possession. To that end may we devote
ourselves, — assured that no toil can be fruitless which is inspired
by the love of humanity : and that all labor, free from the taint
of personal interest, will earn and insure its own reward, in pro-
portion to its abnegation of self.

Our delegation was small in number, if not restricted as to
size. " Temjyora mutantur P ; — as my " captatores verborum " in-
timate, heretofore suggested in these Reports. It was not a
pilgrimage to Boston, — to your next-door neighbor: nor conld
due representation dovetail with household shopping. But this
lack of adequate attendance, liable to become more significant as
distance extends, impresses upon me still more forcibly the duty
of advising a remedy. Should not this Society recognize it as
an inevitable obligation to be represented at each recurring Ses-
sion of the American Pomological Society ? Should it not
take all proper means to ensure that its representation shall be
eft'ective? It cannot always command the gratuitous service of
members who will defray their own expenses. It has no reason
to expect such service to be volunteered ; and it should have too
high a regard for Horticulture, — wiiether as a Science or Prac-
tice,— to be willing to accept such proffer if tendered. That we
should be represented, commends itself as eminently fit. That
we should be represented by competent men, is, of course, your
unanimous judgment. That the common treasure should sup-
port the common burden, must be admitted by you, upon reflec-
tion; — needing no argument. And, therefore, I do not hesitate
to advise that the ti-avelling expenses of our delegate to Phila-

1888.] TRANSACTIONS. 27

delphia, A. D. 1883, be re-imbnrsed ; and that this Society adopt
a settled policy of representation, within sharply defined limits,
at all fnture meetings of Societies of cognate pursuits.

A subject, of especial interest to all Pomologists, was set forth
with great earnestness by the venerable President of the Ameri-
can PoMOLOGiCAL SociETY, in his Annual Address : —

"Our Society has been foremost in the field of Reform in this work
(' the establishment of short, plain, and proper rules, to govern the
nomenclature and description of our fruits),' but there is imich yet to
be done. We should have a system of rules consistent with our
Science, regulated by common sense, and which shall avoid ostenta-
tious, indecorous, inappropriate and superfluous names. Let us have
no more Generals. Colonels, or Captains, attached to the naines of our
fruits ; no more Presidents, Governors or titled dignitaries ; no more
Monarchs, Kings, or Princes, no more Mammoths, Giants, or Tom
Thumbs ; no more Nonsuches, Seek-no furthers, Ne plus ultras. Hog-
pens, Sheep-noses, Big Bobs, Iron Clads, Legal Tenders, Sucker
States, or Stump-the- Worlds. Let us have no more long, unpro-
nounceable, irrelevant, high-flown, bombastic names to our fruits, and,
if possible, let us dispense with the now confused terms of Belle,
Beurre, Calebasse, Doyenne, Pearniain, Pippin, Seedling, Beauty,
Favorite, and other like useless and improper titles to our fruits. The
cases are very few where a single word will not form a better name
for a fruit than two or more. Thus shall we establish a standard
worthy of imitation by oiher nations, and I suggest that we ask the
cooperation of all pomological and horticultural societies, in this and
foreign countries, in carrying out this important reform."*

You will doubtless recollect the rigorous contention of your
Secretary that the new Belgian Pear might better be named
Ansault, than Bonne dn Puits d'Ansault ! That sensible abbre-
viation found ready and general assent. A reform, like the one
outlined by Col. Wilder (as a matter of nomenclature, it might
be asked if he takes exception to his own martial title !) may well
command universal acceptance. How far it can be carried is
another question. Bosc, and Comice, are intelligible; without
the usual prefix of Beurre or Doyenne. But the Northern Spy^
and the Worcester Spy, although handsome and of high quality,
are entirely different ; and we may well be in suspense which is
meant under the proposed dispensation, when either is brought
up for trial. At present, — you would stump the world with your

* See Appendix A.

28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

Peach, — in the nature of a defiance to produce a better ! But
how is your pride brought low, when some blockhead, — fresh
from a logging camp, imagines that you have been felling the
round world, at its base, and are preparing to realize upon its
stum page.

Your co-operation in facilitating a reform in this matter of con-
fused nomenclature, will be readily accorded. But let us be
sure, first, that it is a real amendment ! and not, simply, a change
that shall go to swell an already overgrown dictionary of syno-
nymes. Why is not Nonesuch descriptive, and also distinctive ?

At the second day's session, an Essay was read by Professor
C. Y. Rile}^ the justly celebrated Entomologist, entitled " Recent
Advances in Horticultural Entomology." In the course of his
remarks, the learned Professor alluded to many new and inter-
esting discoveries respecting the best means for the destruction
of the pests of the pomologist ; and exhibited apparatus for the
proper distribution of various insecticides. He recommended

*'aD emulsion of kerosene and sour milk, in the proportion of two (2)
parts of the oil to one (1) of the milk. The mixture should be thor-
oughly churned ; after which the compound, thus formed, will not re-
solve itself into its elements, no matter how long a time it is kept.
Mixed with about twenty (20) times its bulk of water, and dispersed,
in a fine spray, over the bark and foliage of trees, it will destroy the
insects that are so injurious to our fruit and shade trees."

Professor Riley was heard with close attention ; and, when he
had concluded, the Society tendered him a unanimous vote of
thanks. The use of Kerosene, as an Insecticide, has been the
subject of more or less successful experiment, in England, for
some years past. The trouble, hitherto, has been, to retain the
oil in permanent suspense: a mere solution of the oil with water,
quickly .resolving into its component parts. If the formula of
Professor Riley proves effective, upon trial ; and its simplicity is
greatly in its favor ; there will be no excuse ; may we not trust
— no toleration ! for that sloth and slovenliness which suffers
defoliation and spoil from canker-worms, codling-moth or cur-
culio, because of the labor involved in checking their ravages.
The proposed remedy, or rather method of prevention, is the
cheapest possible ; the privilege of playing from a garden engine

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 29

would have been considered fun, when the writer was a boy ;
and were the operation dubbed mis(!hief, boys of like tendencies
might be discovered, at this late day. So much, at least, is cer-
tain ; we must conquer our Insect-Foes, or be conquered by them.
All remedies or methods of preservation, hitherto suggested, have
failed upon trial : usually for the reason that their application
exacted an amount of toil, and expense, wholly out of proportion
to the benefit actually experienced. Possibly the practice de-
vised by Dr. Hull, of guarding the Plum from the Curcnlio, by
the jarring system, should be excepted from this sweeping con-
demnation. Yet, few people care for Plums, when they can get
Apples, or Pears : so that the formula of Professor Riley comes
none too soon to supply an admitted want. A sure yield from
the Cherry-tree may also be expected ; since the loathsome
swarms of Aphides ought to succumb readily to the oily deluge.
The newspaper report leaves it in doubt whether the solution can
be used, without injury, upon Plants, — notably, the E,ose : but
precise experiment can determine what reduction, or further
dilution, may be necessary, if any.

Some of our members, — " male and female created He them.! "
have striven at times, with varying success, to ascertain into what*
queer and unnatural shapes flowers could be perverted, or distor-
ted. All such may like to know that the Pennsylvania Horticul-
tural Society maintained its just pre-eminence ; and that its Flo-
ral Designs were, as in days of old, fearfully and wonderfully
made. There was, for example, a " Bridge Over Jordan ! " the
customary access to it, that hard road to travel, — being wrought
by a lively imagination. Philadelphia has ever been a godly
city, as was manifested by her burnt offering of churches, some
forty years ago: and, even now, in the process of evolution, she
is nothing, if not pious. So that you will not be surprised to
learn, after passing Jordan, that " the entire centre of the plat-
form " of Horticultural Hall, " was occupied by a Floral Chan-
cel." The local reporter gushes over its " elaborate design ? "
and becomes fairly enraptured with " its fine regard for harmony
of colors." To his charmed eye, rolling in a fine floral frenzy, is
" represented the sides and back of the chancel ; a reading-desk

30 WOliCESTEi; COUiS'TY HOKTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. [1883.

witli an open Biljle on it; an arm-chair in red roses; and an
elaborate carpet, as a ground work for the whole." " It is said,"
— note his caution ! " that the Dahlias in it (the carpet ?) number
more than 4,000 ; " and he naively opines that " there are rather
more of every other flower than of Dahlias ! " Alas ! that it
should be left for your Secretary, at this distance, to detect a
fatal omission. The " counterfeit presentment " of the Rector!
Under what envious eclipse were hidden the moon-like features
of the Reverend Cream Cheese !

The period is not so very remote, — within the vigorous man-
hood of your Father and mine, Mr. President ! when the Town
and Parish were co-terminous and, as it were, identical ; when
every descendant from Adam became, whether of his own voli-
tion, or from compulsion by the tithingman, a regular attendant
upon public worship ; and necessarily, as inexorably, a child of
grace; and wlien tlie Meeting-House, for the Lord's Day, was
also held in common and legitimate use, by the whole people, at
the Election on the last Wednesday in May. But a single creed,
or protest,' term it which you will! being tolerated; since ortho-
doxy is my doxy, you know ! there could be no dissent to be
made, an ol)ject of invidious discrimination. A man was taxed, —
' whether or no; and the density of his faith, the extravagance of
his heresy, or even the rank insolence of his atheism, availed
nothing to secure immunity.

But we have changed all that^. — as they say in France : and
now enjoy our one gravy and forty-five religions* ! Is there not
a grim sarcasm in the practical operation of the law, that would
foster and disseminate a faith about which scarcely two men
think alike ? Foster, and spread it broadcast, not at their cost
by whom it is cherished ; but at the expense of schismatics ; and
by the imposition of burdens grievous to be borne, upon property
consecrated to such beneficent purposes as is this — our Hall of
Horticulture ! It is a difficult matter to redress a wrong, when
the only possible remedy involves the relinquishment, bj^ others,
of a pecuniary advantage. Nevertheless, the right is sure to

* The Worcester City Directory, for the current year, recites the titles of
Forty-Five (45) distinct religious societies; and "the cry is — still, they
come !"

1883.] TRANSACTIONS.

prevjtil, in the long run. And we have but to
relief from an invidious and illegal discrimination^
<iultnre; or to overthrow the entire fabric of injustice
ready top-heavy, has no other support than the " miry clay
sectarian or doctrinal, exemption from a burden that should be
borne by all, as it enures to the common welfare.

The levy upon your property, A. D. 1882, amounted to the
sum of $838.00; A. D. 1883, $877.20: are exacted from you in
order, as the Constitution of Massachusetts puts it, —

" to cherish the interests of Literature and the Sciences, &c., to en-
courage private societies and public institutions, rewards, and immuni-
ties, for the promotion of agnculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades,
manufactures, and a natural history of the country," &c., &c.

At the same time, the Assessors recognize, as entitled to ex-
emption from Taxation for the support of a Fire Department ;
the Police; or Government generally; under the» following
classification : —

Real Estate. Personal.

Literary Institutions $301,700 $69,500

cSair " }:;;::.::;;;::;::::: 32,300

Scientific " 1 36,500 40,000

Houses of Worship 1,47<S,700

Agricultural Societies 76,600

$2,022,800 $112,500

* Total $2,135,300

Although published in the plural, there is but one Agricul-
tural Society, so-called ; as you are well aware. And that, be-
sides immunity for its valuable tract of land, is in the annual
receipt of a Bounty from the State that nearly equals the sum
extorted from us ! %

You will observe the description by the Assessors : — Literary ;
Benevolent; Charitable; Scientific; Devotional; Agricultural!
What then are we, if none of these ! You have read of " a man
without a country," You have heard of Mahommed's coffin
miraculously poised betwixt Heaven and earth. But were you

* A. D. 1882 : the valuation of property exempted was #2,046,600.

32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

ever told of the preter-nataral experience of that forlorn ghost^
who, applied, after death, for admission within the Pearly Gates.
St. Peter knew him not and " sent him over " — as they term it
at the Police Court. There also he was not wanted : a political
convention was in session, and every cot was occupied. Yet,
perplexed by his remonstrances ; and perceiving their force ;
Lucifer at last relented. " Our rules are copied from those of
the Medes and Persians," said he, " and are inflexible ! but I will
do what I can. Take this roll of brimstone, and start a little
hell of your own !"

We are not " literary "; we are not " benevolent "; nor " sci-
entific "; noY devotional ; nor even " agricultural "! Still, could
we but become beneficiaries of infernal magnanimity; obtaining
some of that sulphur — at; least, its flowers ; we might possibly
secure our Grapes from mildew, for ultimate valuation as pro-
ducts of the garden or orchard ; even if we did not save our cor-
porate bacon from the assessors.*

As I have heretofore reminded you, — the Statutes relating to
" Houses of Religious Worship " enact that

" portions of such houses appropriated for purposes other than re-
ligious worship, shall be taxed at the value thereof to the owners of
the houses."

What was tlie amount taxed upon the " Church Vestry " of
Wholesale Salvation, in Pleasant Street, A. D. 1883, in which
was advertised, for successive evenings, the " very best of Turkey
Suppers, 35 cts.!" " Each evening the Pied Piper of Hamlin,
and his Army of Rats ! in a series of Illustrated Tableaux."
Wherein also the elect are informed that, — " At a great expense,
Madame Le Blache has been engaged to introduce her famous
Gallery of Beauty." " Admission 10, and 15 cents. Supper
from 6 to 8." ^

We cross the Street to Puritan Chapel, " crowded to its
utmost capacity " as the report has it, by an audience that list-
ened to " The Deacon's Story," sandwiched as it were between a
vocal solo, — " What will you do. Love ?" and the Poet-Laureate'&
idealization of the Adulteress !

* See Appendix " B " for Statement, in detail, of Property (Real and Per-
sonal) exempted. e- '^- ^-

1883.] TKANS ACTIONS. 33

Let ns remain in this Chapel, for awhile, " inviting our souls
to loaf," after a style scarce possible elsewhere ; at anything like
the same price, and — exemption ! General admission 25 cts.,
Reserved seats, 35 cts. " Pour out thy heart before th6 Lord !"
sang the tenor : and when the congregation insisted that he
should continue pouring, — out of the fulness of that heart the
mouth spake : — " Annie Laurie "!

Two evenings later, for fifty cents, in that same School of the
Profits, — you could hear, in Greek, all about the " Killing of
Laius," from a play compounded in equal parts of Incest and
Parricide : or bow your head in the devout meditation, befitting
the place and occasion," as you thought of " Uncle Micajah
Treat at Slambasket Beach !"

And yet once more in this Sanctuary ! for that is about the
scent of it; — Upon this occasion, a maid sings of "Love's
Heaven "; while a quartette blend " mixed voices " in " My heart
and hand are thine !" Thereupon ensues a curious concatena-
tion. First comes " A Wine Song "; followed by " Above, in
her chamber "; when " The Two Grenadiers " succumb to " A
Night in Venice." It did not cost much ; and the reporter pro-
nounces it " a musical and financial success."

And now, leaving this patch of holy ground, we will resume
our shoes; simply adding that, upon a subsequent occasion,
doubtless replete with grace, — " the comic pictures of Frank
Lawrence pleased the people "!

Proceeding South and reaching the Church of the Pious Im-
mersion, if a child, in possession of a quarter-dollar, you may
enjoy the blessed privilege of listening to the " Famous Tennes-
seeans. Jubilee Singers, and Colored Concert Company, in one
of their Weird and thrilling Concerts. Miss Pinkie Johnson,
the Great Shouting Soprano," will make you wish that your ears,
at least, may be " dipped ".

And so you can continue, from one Exempt to another, — from
the Church of the Tri-une God to that House of His at the foot
of the Mountain ; and it is the same invariable and mercenary
monotone of " miscellaneous concerts ", or " musical entertain-
ments ", precisely described, in the Statutes, as " purposes other
than religious worship "; and therefore subjecting the " portions
3

34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

of such liouses appropriated to them to taxation at the vahie
thereof."

Nor would it require a marine telescope, to detect Catholicism
in the satne boat. As she gathers " The Last Rose of Summer,"
her " Warrior Bold " is singing " How dear the hour !" and
" No, Sir !" is her coquettish response to " Love's Request."
Rome, however, while insisting upon. equal immunity, is believed
to claim larger license both in faith and practice; veneering
either with less Pharisaism than has become a second nature to
Dissent.

Now who, and of what kind, are they wlio thus demand and
get exemption from Taxation, at the expense of the remaining
community ? Is it Lazarus, " covered with sores " who, for a
bare subsistence, must go to the dogs ! Is it the poor and lowly,
who, cheaply clad and unable to pay costly pew-rents, find them-
selves relegated to that temple in the wilderness where, without
subscription or contribution-box, they may at least, look from
Nature up to Nature's God ! Is it not rather Dives, with his
" sisters, cousins and aunts ;" clothed in purple and fine linen ;
the pampered children of Patent and Protection ; whose liveli-
hood has legislation for a foster-mother ; and to whom nothing
seems more natural than that the public — patient pack-horse !
should be made to bear the burden, " grievous to be borne," of
their atonement and salvation. Exhorted the Apostle : — " Let
him give not grudgingly, or of necessity !" Responds the disci-
ple : — " Give not at all from your own substance, — but rather
fleece the people !"

And it is for this that our Horticultural Society is singled out
for an exception, or scape-goat ! Its opportunities, like its doors,
are open to all. Its benefits are withheld from none who
would partake. Why should Boanerges, or Cream-Cheese, be
selected for public beneficiaries ; who toil not, neither do they
spin, but whose lines have fallen in pleasant places; yea, even
among the flesh-pots ; whose every " house of worship " is
rounded off" with kitchen and pantry ; and to whose holy nostrils
the sniflF of the sacrificial oyster ascendeth, forever and ever !

I know not how it strikes you, Mr. President^ and my asso-
ciates ! but, to me, nothing in the whole political economy is so

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 35

rank with injustice, as this exemption from taxation of corpo-
rate property, upon pretexts that are merely specious ; an ex-
emption tliat is complete as to themselves, — partial and inequi-
table as it affects others. The omission from assessment of the
widow, and orphan ; whose mite scarce suffices to keep the wolf
from their door ; is one thing. It is not, at any rate, a statutory
injustice. Nor has it any relation to the shameless shirking of
their solemn duty, by the professed disciples of the Living God,
whose explicit injunction to them was that they should " render
unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's."

Hating wrong ; and particularly that flagrant manifestation of
it which is involved in special Privilege ; with implicit faith in
the ultimate power of Truth ; I am enlisted for this war.
Against principalities or powers ; things present or to come ;
with whatsoever might is in me, I shall continue lo wage it to
the end.

Upon the return of the writer from Illinois ; in which superb
State he had spent years of that younger and brighter life, to
which a lingering memory recurs as to one of those dreams of
Arcadia that I cannot doubt have been experienced by all who
hear me, once at least in their lives ; he found the Worcester
County Horticultural Society in fortunate and thrifty exist-
ence. It was object-teaching, still : as it had been in the old
Town Hall : teaching from example as it continues yet, with ex-
treme insistence upon excellence ; object-teaching as, it is to be
hoped, it shall endure so long as this Trust is maintained intact,
and inviolate. William Lincoln had gone to his rest ; and other
duties claimed the attention of Emory Washburn: but Fred-
eric William Paine, John Milton Earle, and Clarendon
Harris, were earnest and instant, as when of old they aided to
assort, analyze, and explain that floral conglomeration — the en-
tire mass of flowers collected by the pupils of the public schools.
The writer sought not, — as he could not desire, — more congenial
or privileged association. The active energy of Worcester was
enlisted in behalf of the young Society ; for the lust and rust of
riches had not then enervated the life of the town, and sapped
its reserved, or latent force. His name was enrolled, in due

36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883.

course. And now he linds, upon reference to his certificate of
admission, that it was attested by Secretary Haven, to whose
memory inadequate tribute has been recently paid ; and by Isaac
Davis, President.

His birth just coeval with the Century. — the active career of
Isaac Davis had continued down almost to the recollection of the
youngest who hear me. As a vigilant and successful Mayor of
this City of Worcester, he was doubtless best known to the
majority. But how many are aware that he was the Second
President of this Society, succeeding Dr. John Green ; and that,
for four (4) consecutive years, from A, D. 1844, to 1848, he dis-
charged every function of that honorable office with character-
istic dih'gence and iidelity. This Society was extremely for-
tunate, in its infancy, in finding men to administer its affairs,
whose position compelled respect ; and whose unstinted devotion
to its welfare attracted sympathy and co-operation. The well-
known sagacity and prudence of Isaac Davis, in financial man-
agement, were of priceless value to an association, struggling as
was this, at that period, merely to get upon its feet. The rare
fortune that crowned his several terms of municipal service did
not fail to distinguish his Horticultural tenure. That happy
legacy of Hon. Daniel Waldo ; to which, coming in our hour of
utmost need, we may well ascribe the cause and fact of our
assured permanence ; fell in during his first year as President.
That considerable sum, with the savings of past and current
years, was so admirably managed, that its increase justified,
under his immediate successor, the purchase of land and the
ultimate erection of this Hall. Others are entitled to their share
of the credit : and to all such, as occasion has seemed to require,
due laud has been rendered. But it is simple justice to award to
the clear foresight, the wise precaution, and tiie patient frugality,
that ever characterized Isaac Davis, in other affairs, an equal
measure of success when those qualities were employed by him
in our behalf, and for our essential interests.

He was a constant contributor to our stated Exhibitions, and
his display was almost invariably unique. Whether his own
taste inclined to the singular and luxuriant forms of tropical
vegetation, I should hesitate to affirm, with positiveness. But

1883.] TRANSACTIONS. 37

those who can recall his terraces ; and, in fact, the entire lawn
before his residence upon Main Street ; studded as it were, with
immense plants of rare selection and careful culture ; will realize
the stock from which he could draw at will to ornament and
magnify our Exhibitions. What has been^achieved, since, upon
such an extensive scale ; b}' our associates, William T. Merrifield,
and Stephen Salisbury ; was in a manner, if not in degree, antici-
pated by him. If, in after life, his contributions were lessened,
and finally ceased altogether ; it was owing to the change of
residence that diminished his opportunities, and not to any loss
of personal interest. He remained a life-long lover of flowers
and fruits.

Differing widely in political sentiment from a large majority
of the community, for the greater part of his life, it was no
slight acknowledgment of the confidence reposed in him, by his
fellow-citizens, that his services were demanded at periods of the
most intense partisan frenzy. That highly exalted species of
patriotism which regards and denounces a political opponent, as
necessarily a scoundrel, only reflected upon him in moments of
stagnation and calm. After each recurring riot in oil-cloth and
petroleum ; each novel and convincing demonstration of the
political gospel deduced from the toilsome parade, the flare of
wicks, and the stench of oil ; the second sober thought of the re-
formed community was wont to mortify its flesh, and chasten its
exuberant spirit, by electing Isaac Davis to its local Chief
Magistracy.

It chanced to be the good fortune of the writer, to be so situ-
ated that he could cast a decisive vote in favor of the first selec-
tion, for the Mayoralty, of our late associate. The action of the
Liberal Union, at that time, commanded popular approval.
The official conduct of our friend was such, that it never became
necessary, thereafter, to insist upon a candidature which, in
hours of public distrust or paralysis, obviously suggested itself
as the one thing essential and proper.

His place at our counsels and Exhibitions has long been
vacant. But there is space upon our walls for his impressive
and majestic features ; and in one of those panels his Portrait
will be suspended, so long as our Hall may endure. His chil-

38 WOKCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1883,

dren most cordially tnet the suggestion of your Secretary ; and
the work of art before you becomes, by their ready muniiicence,
at once your property and your treasure. Reserving room for
those who have exerted and spent themselves in our service ; and
therefore in the beneficent cause of Horticulture, everywiiere ;
and for such exclusively ; we shall bear continuing testimony to
the faith heretofore delivered to the saints, — abiding in us now,
forever. For others, — the portraiture of priest, or warrior ; of
statesman, or demagogue; of Gentile, or Mormon ; of Prophet,
or dupe ! For ourselves — the speaking lineaments that bright-
ened at the aspect of all that was lovely and of good report !

For us ! and for our Hokticultukal Hall, in its renova-
tion ! Apples of Gold — in pictures of silver !

All which is respectfully submitted, by

EDWARD WmSLOW LINCOLN,

Secretary,

Horticultural Hall,

Worcester^ Massachusetts, November 7, A. D. 1883.

APPENDIX A."

RULES OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
RELATIVE TO NOMENCLATURE.

SECTION I.

NAMING AND DESCRIBING NEW FRUITS.

Rule 1. — The originator or introducer (in the order named) has the
prior right to bestow a name upon a new or unnamed fruit.

Rule 2. — The Society reserves the right, in case of long, inap-
propriate, or otherwise objectionable names, to shorten, modify, or
wholly change the same, when they shall occur in its discussions
or reports ; and also to recommend such changes for general adoption.

Rule 3. — The names of fruits should, preferably, express, as far as
practicable by a single word, the charactei'istics of the variety, the
name of the originator, or the place of its origin. Under no ordinary
circumstances should more than a single word be employed.

Rule 4 — Should the question of priority arise between different
names for the same variety of fruit, other circumstances being equal,
the name first publicly bestowed will be given precedence.

Rule 5. — To entitle a new fruit to the award or commendation of
the Society, it must possess (at least for the locality for which it is
recommended) some valuable or desirable quality or combination of
qualities, in a higher degree than any previously known variety of its
class and season.

Rule 6. — A variety of fruit, having been once exhibited, examined,
and reported upon, as a new fruit, by a committee of the Society, will
not, thereafter, be recognized as such, so far as subsequent reports are
concerned.

SECTION III.

COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE.

Rule 1. — It shall be the duty of the President, at the first session of
the Society, on the first day of an exhibition of fruits, to appoint a
committee of five exjDcrt pomologists, whose duty it shall be to super-
vise the nomenclature of the fruits on exhibition, and in case of error
to correct the same.

40 APPENDIX.

Rule 2. — In making the necessary corrections they shall, for the
convenience of examining and awarding committees, do the same at as
early a period as practicable, and in making such corrections they shall
use cards readily distinguishable from those used as labels by exhibit-
ors, appending a mark of doubtfulness in case of uncertainty.

T. T. LYON, South Haven, Mioh.
*JOHN A. WARDER, North Bend, Ohio.
J- J. THOMAS, Union Springs, N. Y.
C. M. HOVEY. Cambridge, Mass.
P. J. BERCKMANS, Augusta, Ga.

Committee.

* Deceased, since tbe Report was concluded.

APPENDIX "B."

EXEMPTED PROPERTY.

Description a.nd Valuation of Estates Not Taxed.

The following is a list of the estates, religious, charitable, scientific,
literaiy and educational, which are exempted from taxation in this city :

All Saints Society, church corner of Pleasant and Irving Streets, land,
20,295 feet; valuation, $20,000; church, $120,000; total, $140,000.

American Antiquarian Society, Library and furniture, $50,000 ; land,
15,225 feet ; valuation, $6,500 ; Antiquarian Hall, $35,000 ; total,
$91,500.

Bethel Methodist Society, Hanover Street, 10,440 feet ; valuation,
$2,200; church, $1,500; total, $3,700.

Calvinistic Cong'l Society, Main Street, 11,731 feet; valuation, $11,-
700 ; church, $25,000 ; total, $36,700.

Church of the Unity, Elm Street, 10,025 feet; valuation, $18,000
church, $17,000: total, $35,000.

Church of Christ, Thomas Street, land, 5,538 feet; valuation, $2,800
church, $6,500; total, $9,300.

Church of the Immaculate Conception, Prescott Street, 12,742 feet
valuation, $25,000 ; church, $25,000 ; total, $50,000.

Church of the Sacred Heart, Cambridge Street, 26,888 feet ; valua-
ation, $1,000; church unfinished, $25,000; total, $26,000.

College of the Holy Cross, College Street, 170 acres ; valuation,
$20,400; live stock and furniture, $6,000; college building, $110,000 ;
barn, $6,000 ; total, $142,400.

Dewey Street Baptist Society, 6,076 feet ; valuation, $500 ; church,
$3,500 ; total, $4,000.

First Baptist Society, 14,588 feet; valuation, $14,600 ; church, $32,-
000 ; total, $46,600.

First Unitarian Society, Main Street, 14,303 feet; valuation, $7,100;
church, $42,000; total, $49,100.

First Universalist Society, Pleasant Street, 11,118 feet; valuation,
$16,700; church, $45,000; total, $61,700.

42 APPENDIX.

Grace Methodist Society, Walnut Street, 8,189 feet; valuation, $10,-
200 ; church, $45,000 ; total, $55,200.

Home for Aged Females, Orange Street, 10,912 feet ; valuation,
$4,800 ; furniture, $2,000 ; house, $10,000 ; total, $16,800.

Laurel Street Methodist Society, 4,759 feet; valuation, $1,000;
church, $10,000; total, $11,000.

Lincoln Sq. BajDtist Church, Highland Street, 5,935 feet ; valuation,
$2,200 ; church, $23,000 ; total, $25,200.

Main Street Baptist Society, 21,021 feet; valuation, $14,700; church,
$28,000 ; total, $42,700.

Mission Chapel, Summer Street, 4,940 feet ; valuation, $3,700 ;
chapel, $5,000 ; total, $8,700.

Notre Dame Catholic Society, Park Street, 8,895 feet ; valuation,
$11,100; church, $35,000; total, $46,100.

Old South Congregational Society, Central Park ; church, $23,000.

Oread Institute, Oread Place, 139,776 feet ; valuation, $16,000 ;
furniture, $5,000; institute building, $16,000; total, $37,000.

Pleasant Street Baptist Society, 6,600 feet; valuation, $13,800;
church, $23,000 ; total, $36,800.

Plymouth Congi-egational Society, Pearl Street, 9,193 feet; valuation,
$13,800; church, $100,000; total, $113,800.

Plymouth Congregational Society and others, corner of Southbridge
and Princeton Streets ; 4,720 feet ; valuation, $500 ; chapel, $2,000 ;
total, $2,500.

Piedmont Congregational Society, Main Street, 16,416 feet; valua-
ation, $9,800; church, $100,000; total, $109,800.

Salem Street Congregational Society, Salem Square, 7,372 feet ;
valuation, $8,600 ; church, $45,000 ; total, $53,600.

Society of Friends, Chatham Street, 14,468 feet; valuation, $10,000;
church, $2,000; total, $12,000.

St. Matthew's Episcopal Society, Southbridge Street, 5,200 feet, land
corner of Southbridge and Cambridge Streets, 12,000 feet; valuation,
$500 for each ; chapel, $2,000 ; unfinislied chapel, $4,000 ; total, $7,000.

St. John's Catholic Society, Temple Street, 8,500 feet ; valuation,
$2,800; church, $45,000; total, $47,800.

St. John's schools of Worcester, house 44 Temple Street, $4,200
7,500 feet of land, $2,300; scliool building, Temple Street, $5,000
land, 29,415 feet; valuation, $8,800. Vernon Street, house, $4,500
barn, $300; chapel (unfinished) and school building, S13,000 ; land,
99,966 feet; valuation, $10,000; total, $48,100.

St. Anne's Catholic Society, Shrewsbury Street, 8,530 feet ; valua-
tion, $4,300; church, $14,000; estate Eastern Avenue and Gage
Sti'eet, 33,190 feet ; valuation, $3,300 ; total, $21,600.

St. Paul's Catholic Society, Chatham Street, 28,102 feet ; valuation,
$35,200; church, $175,000; total, $210,200.

APPENDIX. 43

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Gethsemane Society, Mulberry Street,
6,090 feet; valuation, $1,200; church unfinished, $3,000 ; total, $4,200.

Swedish Evangelical Congregational Society, Providence and Ledge
Streets, 19,800 feet; valuati'on, $2,600; church unfinished, $ .

Trinity Methodist Society, Main Street, 8,098 feet ; valuation, $13,-
400 ; church, $43,000 ; total, $56,400.

Union Congregational Society, Front Street, 7,712 feet ; valuation,
$32,800 ; church, $40,000 ; total, $72,800.

Union Hill Methodist Society, Coral Street, 11,850 feet; valuation,
$2,000 ; church, $12,000 ; total, $14,000.

Webster Square Methodist Society, Main Street, 20,000 feet ; valua-
tion, $1,000; church, $9,000 ; total, $10,000.

Worcester Academy, Baptist, Providence Street, 160,000 feet ;
valution, $18,000; Academy building, $36,000; furniture, $2,000;
total, $56,000.

Worcester Children's Friend Society, Main Street, 26,266 feet;
valuation, $10,500 ; house, $7,000 ; total, $17,500.

Worcester Agricultural Society, Agricultural Street, 966,134 feet;
valuation, $67,600 ; Agricultural Hall, $6,000 ; total, $73,600.

Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science, Boynton
Street, 487,792 feet; valuation, $34,200; school building, $65,000;
shop, $28,000 ; house lot, Boynton Street, 30,800 feet ; valuation,
$3,800; house, $5,500; total, $136,500.

Worcester County Mechanics Association, exempt in part, library
and furniture, $6,500 ; on building exempt in part, $16,500 ; estate on
Main Street, exempt in part, $21,300 ; total, $44,300.

Zion's Methodist Society, Exchange Street, 2,521 feet ; valuation,
$1,500; church, $2,500; tot^, $4,000.

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN.

To THE Members of the

Worcester County Horticultural Society :

Your Librarian respectfully submits the following report for
the year just closed. The additions to the Library by purchase
or gift are as follows :

Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ; Parts
land 2; 1882; H. Manning.

The American Journal of Forestry; by Franklin B. Hough ;
Society.

Curtis Botanical Magazine ; Vol. 37 ; Third Series ; Society.

Harvard University Bulletin ; Vol. 2 ; No. 10 ; A. A. Brooks.

Harvard University Bulletin ; Vol. 2 ; No. 11 ; A. A. Brooks.

Curtis Botanical Magazine; Vol. 38; Third Series; Society.

Transactions of Hingham Agricultural and HoVticultural So-
ciety ; Geo. Lincoln.

Nebraska and its Settlers ; J. F. Allen.

High Schools for Girls in Sweden ; Bureau of Education.

Maternal Schools in France ; No. 5 ; Bureau of Education.

Technical Instruction in France; No. 6; Bureau of Education.

Industrial Art in Schools ; Bureau of Education.

Planting Trees in School Grounds ; Bureau of Education.

Answers to Inquiries about the United States Bureau of Edu-
cation ; Bureau of Education.

Circular of Information ; No. 1 ; 1883 ; Bureau of Education.

Circular of Information ; No. 2 ; 1883 ; Bureau of Education.

Department of Agriculture Report; 1881 and '82; 1 vol.; W.
W. Rice.

Report of the Chief Signal Officer; 1879, '80 and '81 ; W. B.
Hazen.

Sorghum and the Beet Sugar Industry ; Henry Phelps.

The Grasses of the United States ; Special Report ; No. 63 ;
Henry Phelps.

Area and Product of Cereals grown in 1879 ; Henry Phelp's.

Report on the Condition of the Crops ; Henry Phelps.

2 TRANSACTIONS. [1883.

Annual Report of the Commission on Public Grounds ; E. W.
Lincoln.

The Florist and Pomologist ; 1881, 1882 ; Society.

The Wheelman Illustrated; No. 2; Vol. 11; 1883.

Insects Injurious to Fruits; by Wm. Saunders; 2 copies; So-
ciety.

Magazine of Horticulture ; Vols, 16 to 21 inclusive ; from the
Heirs of John C. Mason.

The Sugar Beet ; Society.

Gardening Illustrated; an English weekly paper; Society.

Vick's Monthly Magazine ; 1883 ; Society.

The Garden ; an Illustrated weekly journal ; Society.

The Gardener's Chronicle ; Vol. 16 ; 1883 ; Society.

The Agricultural Gazette ; London ; 1883 ; Society.

The American Agriculturist ; 1883; Society.

The Gardener's Monthly ; Vol. 25 ; 1883 ; "Society.

The Country Gentleman ; Vol. 48 ; 1883 ; Society.

The Fruit Recorder ; 1883 ; Society.

The Massachusetts Ploughman ; 1883 ; Courtesy of y* Plough-
man.

The Worcester Directory ; 1883; Society.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

CHARLES E. BROOKS,

Librarian.
Hall of Flora,
November 7, 1883.

SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS

OFFERED BY THE

WORCESTER COUNTY

HORTICULTCEAL SOCIETY

FOR THE YEAR

1884.

The attention of Exhibitors is particularly called to the Rules and Regulations,
G-eneral and Special.

CHARLES HAMILTON, PRINTER,
311 Main Street.

1884.

COMMITIEE OF ARRANGEMENTS
AND EXHIBITIONS.

James Draper, Chairman.
James F. Allen.
George Cruickshanks.
Calvin L. Hartshorn, Charles E. Parker,

Hermann F. A. Lange, William H. Earle,

Newell Wood, Charles Ei Brooks,

W. W. Cook, A din A. Hixon.

President — Francis H. Dewey.
Secretary — Edward W. Lincoi .n,

Nos. 5 Oak, ana 18 Front Streets.

JUDGES OF AWARD.

Flowers, Plants, Etc. — Hermann F. A. Lange.
Fruits, Vegetables, Etc. — James Draper.

COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE.

James F. Allen, George E. Francis,

Hermann F. A. Lange, O. B. Hadwen,

James Draper.

WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

GENERAL RULES FOR ALL EXHIBITIONS.

A. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be
expected and required, as well for the benefit of Exhibitors as
for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.

B. Correct and legible names must be attached to each and
every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varieties.

0. All articles offered for premium must remain within the
Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special per-
mission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on
Exhibitions, etc.

D. All Small Fruits must be entered in boxes or baskets
(except in the case of Strawberries, which are to be shown
'-'•flat ") / but they may be displayed subsequently in plates or
dishes, at the taste of the exhibitor.

E. The Judges may correct, before the close of any Exhibi-
tion, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.

F. The cards of competitors shall be put, reversed, beneath
the plates ; and the Judges of Award shall be excluded from the
Hall of Exhibition until the Exhibition itself is ready for judg-
ment.

G. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con-
ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of
them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification
of the offender.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. Exhibitions will be held on every Wednesday afternoon,
commencing March 5th, and terminating October 29th, A. D.
1884. The hours of exhibition will be between 3 and 4.30
o'clock. Articles offered for premium must be in the Hall by
2.15 o'clock P. M., of the days of exhibition. Between 2.15 and
3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Secretary,
and the Librarian, who will allow no one else to be present.
The Judges of Award may be admitted under the limitations of
General Rule F.

1884.] RULES AND REGULATIONS. 5

2. Competition for premiums is open to all ; but a discount
of one-third of the amount will be made from awards to persons
who are not Members of the Society ; and it is strictly required
that all specimens offered for premium shall have been grown by
the competitors, within the County of Worcester^ for a period of
at least one (1) month previous to the date of exhibition.

3. After the articles are arranged they will be under the
exclusive charge of the Judges, and not even the owners will have
liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed ; when they
will be delivered as the contributors may direct.

4. No cards of a business nature will be allowed in any
Exhibition.

5. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers,
Fruits or Yegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be
neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens
shown; and in no case can any other varieties than those named
in the scliedule be substituted.

G. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from coi)i2yc4i-
tion all inferior specitnens. Also, all such Designs as, in their
opinion, evince an incorrect taste. The Judge of Fruits, in
making Awards, will especially regard uniformity in size, sym-
metry of form, and beauty in color.

7. The Committee of Arrangements have power to change
the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later
season renders such change necessary ; and the Secretary is re-
quested to give notice of one week, in some daily paper, and also,
at tlie preceding Exhibition, when a change in the Schedule is
proposed.

8. All articles offered for premiums must be correctly named.
Indefinite appellations, such as " Pippin," " Sweeting," " Green-
ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person e^chibit-
ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different
names, or exhibiting as grown by himself, Flowers, Fruit or
Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and
rules of the Society, shall be debarred from competing for the
Society's premiums until reinstated.

9. No Flowers, Plants, Fruits or Vegetables will be entitled
to a premium unless they possess points of. superiority ; and the

6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Judges are strictly required to withhold premiums if, in their
opinion, the articles exhibited do not merit them ; nor shall any
specimen for which a premium has been once awarded, receive
another during the season.

10. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to
their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens, for trial and
examination, if requested.

12. In all exliibitions of Cut Flowers, the use of foliage must
be restricted to that of the varieties shown ; and not more than
three bloom.s, clusters, or spikes, all which shall be of one color,
and of one variety, shall be allowed in the same bottle, except
when otherwise specified in the schedule.

12. No Judge shall award a premium or gratuity in any case
wherein he is a competitor, or has an actual or resultant interest:
in any such case the judgment shall be rendered by any three of
the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions whom the Judge
shall invite.

13. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect-
ing their exhibits, which is not distinctly specified in the sched-
ule. No Flowers, Fruits, etc., etc., shall be put on the tables,
for competition for premiums, by any person who is a judge as
to the awards to be made for Fruits, Flowers, etc., etc.

14. The standard number required for an exhibit, whether of
Fruits, or Vegetables, will be Twelve (12) ; unless otherwise
specifically declared. The usual limit of measure save for Small
Fruits, will be a half peck.

15. All premiums that are not claimed within three months
after the close of the ofiicial year sliall be forfeited to the
Society.

16. The awards will be made known as soon as the cards can
be tilled out and placed upon the tables.

17. " Downing's Fruits of America," revised edition, will
guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at
issue.

I^^The Judges are authorized by the Trustees, to invite the
assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of
their duties.

FLOWERS, PLANTS, FRUITS & VEGETABLES.

j^. D. 1884.

g@^ The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the
earnest attention of the Judges to Bule 6 !

6. It will be the duty of the Judges to exclude from competition all inferior
specimens. Also, all such Designs as, in their opinion, evince an incorrect taste.
The Judge of Fruits, in making Aioards, will especially regard uniformity in
size, symmetry of form, and beatity in color.

FLORAL : Special Rule. — In all cases where dimensions are prescribed
for exhibits, the measure shall be understood to be that of the flowers,
solely; never admitting the basket, foliage, or any garniture of green.

Wednesday, March 5.
AZALEA INDICA.—

No. 1. Three plants in bloom, three pre-

miuois $5 00 3 00 2 00

ISo. 2. One plant in bloom, two premiums. 3 00 2 00

PKIMULA SINENSIS.—

No. 3. Four plants in bloom, three premi-
ums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 4. One plant in bloom, two premiums 1 00 50

APPLE.—

No. 5. Fameuse, three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 6. Tompkins Co. King, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.— •

No. 7. Beurre Easter, two premiums. ... $1 50 1 00

No. 8. Any other variety (named) gra-
tuity.

8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 9. Cabbage, Brunswick, 3 specimens,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 10. Squash, Marbleliead, 3 specimens,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 11. Celery, six heads, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, March 12.

CINERARIA,— IN BLOOM.—

No. 12. Four plants, distinct in color, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

HYACINTH,— IN BLOOM.—

No. 13. Six, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 14. One, two premiums 1 00 50

APPLE.—

No. 15. Golden Russet, of Massachusetts,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 16. Golden Russet (sweet), two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 17. Leicester Sweet, three premiums . . 1 50 1 00 50

No. 18. Northern Spy, four pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 19. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
VEGETABLE.—

No. 20. Cabbage, 3 specimens. Savoy,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 21. Squash, 3 specimens, Hubbard,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 22. Turnip ( White Egg), 12 specimens,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 9

Wednesday, March ig.

CYCLAMEN,— IN BLOOM.

No. 23. Four, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 24. One, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 25. For stand of twenty-four blooms
or chisters, distinct, three premi-
ums * $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 26. Baldwin, 12, three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 27. Belleflower (Yellow), three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 28. Cogswell, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 29. Greening (R. I.}, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 30. Ladies' Sweet, two premiums. ... 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 31. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
VEGETABLE.—

No. 32. Cabbage, 3 specimens. Red Dutch,

three premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 33. Turnip, 6 specimens, Swede (Yel-
low), three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 34. Turnip, 6 specimens, Swede

(White), three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, March 26.

ARUM (RICHARDIA),— IN bloom.—

No. 35. Best collection ; grown in pot, or
tub, not exceeding 16 in. in di-
ameter, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 36. One bloom, with foliage (the

largest), two premiums 1 00 50

10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

BOUQUET— (HAND).—

No. 37. Not more than 9 in. in diameter,

three premiums. $3 00 2 00 1 GO

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

1 00

50

APPLE.—

No. 38. Peck's Pleasant, three premiums. .$1 50

No. 39. Sutton Beauty, three premiums. . 1 50

No. 40. Tallman Sweet, three premiums . . 1 50

No. 41. Washington Royal, two pi^ipmiaras.

peak-
No. 42. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
VEGETABLE.-

No. 43. Beet, 12 specimens. Turnip, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 44, Carrot, 12 specimens. Intermedi-
ate, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 45. Lettuce, six heads, three premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, April 2.

CUT FLOWERS— BASKET.—

No. 46. For the best round basket, on

stand, not to exceed ten inches in

diameter, three premiums. .. $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 47. For the best stand, three premiums, 3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 48. Any variety, gratuity.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 49. Cucumber, three specimens, White

Spine, three premiums .$2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 50. Parsnep, twelve specimens, three

premiums 2 00 150 1 00

No. 51. Radish, two bunches (6 in each

bunch), three premiums.. ..... 2 00 1 50 1 00

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 11

Wednesday, April g.
ZONALE GERANIUM,— IN bloom.—

No. 52. Four plants, distinct in color, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

POT PLANTS,— IN BLOOM.—

No. 53. Gratuity.

APPLE.—

No. 54. Russet(Golden), three premiums. .$1 50 1 00 50
No. 55. Russet (Red), three premiums.... 1 50 1 00 50
No. 56. Russet (Roxbury), three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00. 50

No. 57. Spitzenberg, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 58. Any variety, 12, gratuity.
YEGETABLE.—

No. 59. Lettuce, ■ six heads, three premi-
ums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 60. Potato, twelve specimens, three

preminms 1 50 1 00 60

No. 61. Squash, three specimens, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, April i6.

BEGONIA,— IN bloom.— _
No. 62. One plant, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS,— distinct varieties.—
No. 63. One stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 64. Any variety, gratuity.
VEGETABLE.—

No. 65. Horse Radish, 12 roots, three

premiums. $1 50 1 00 50

12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

No. 66. Pe:rsnep, 12 of the same variety,

three preiniums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 67. Rhubarb, 12 stalks, same variety,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, April 23.

PANSY, NO DUPLICATES.

No. 68. One stand, and one spike to a vial,

three premiums $3 00 2 GO 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 69. Handle Basket, low oval, not to
exceed 15 inches in diameter,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 70. Any variety, gratuity.
VEGETABLE.—

No. 71. Dandelioist (cultivated), one half-
peck, three premiums .....$1 50 1 00 50

No. 7^. Spinach, one half-peck, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, April 30.

POT PLANTS,— in bloom.—
No. 73. Gratuity, if merited.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 74. Cucumber, three, three premiums.$l 50 1 00 50
No. 75. Lettuce, six heads, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50
No. 76. Rhubarb, twelve stalks, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 13

Wednesday, May 7.

PANSY, IN BLOOM.

No, 77. Six plants, distinct in color, grown

in pots, three premiums.. .'.... .$3 00 2 00 1 00

BOUQUET,— HAND.—

No. 78. Not to exceed 9 inches in diameter,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLE.—

No. 79. AsPAKAGUs, two bunches of twelve

stalks each, three premiums .... $1 50 1 00 50

No. 80. Dandelions, half-peck (cultivated),

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 81. Spinach, half -peck, three premi-
ums ' 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, May 14.

BASKET,— ON stand.—

No. 82. Not to exceed lifteen inch oval,

with handle, three premiums.. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

BULBS— (HARDY),— OPEN culture.-
No. 83. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

HYACINTH,— OPEN culture.-
No. 84. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLE.—

No. 85. Asparagus, two bunches, of 12

stalks each, three premiums. ... $1 50 1 00 50

No. 86. Rhubarb, 12 stalks, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

14 WORCESTER C0L":N"TY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Wednesday, May 21.

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT varieties —

No. 87. Stand, three premiums S3 00 2 00 1 00

PELARGONIUM— (Fancy and Show),— in bloom.—

No. 88. Four plants, of distinct varieties,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

TULIP, OPEN CULTURE.

No. 89. Display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

YEGETABLE.—

No. 90. Gratuity.

Wednesday, May 28.

OUT FLOWERS— (From Hardy Plants and Shrubs).—

No. 91. For the best display, open culture,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

RHODODENDRONS.—

No. 92. For the best display, three pre-
miums S3 00 2 00 1 00

AZALEA— (Ghent).

No. 93. For the best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

AZALEA— (Mollis).—

No. 94. For the best display, three pre-
miums ". S3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLE.-

No. 95. Radishes, twelve specimens, three

premiums SI 50 1 00 50

No. 96. Onions (bunched), two bunches,
six in each bunch, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PEEMIUMS. 15

Wednesday, June 4.

FUCHSIA, DISTINCT VARIETIES.

No. 97. Four plants in bloom, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

IRIS.—

No. 98. For the best display, three pre-
miums " ;...S3 00 2 00 100

VEGETABLE.—

No. 99. Gratuities for worthy specimens.

Wednesday, June 11.

AQUILEGI A — (Columbine), — in variety. —

No. 100. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

CUT FLOWERS.—

No. 101. One Stand, — the varieties of any

species must not exceed three,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 102. One Vase, — the specimens not to

be tied or wired, two premiums. 2 00 1 00

P^ONIA.—

No. 103. For the best display, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

VEGETABLE.-

No. 104. Beets (Early), twelve specimens,

three premiums $150 1 00 50

No. 105. Peas, — Half peck, three pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00

16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Wednesday, June i8.

ROSES [To BE SHOWN IN THE BoXES OF THE SoCIETY.]

ISo. 106. For the best twelve blooms or
clusters of distinct named varie-
ties of H. P. Roses, outdoor
culture, three premiums $4 00 3 00 2 00

Iso. 107. For the best six blooms or clusters
of distinct named varieties of
H. P. Roses, outdoor culture,
three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 108. For the best stand of named

Roses, three premiums .5 00 3 00 2 00

No. 109. For the best basket or dish of

Roses, two premiums 2 00 1 00

Xo. 110. Dianthus harbatus — (Sweet Wil-
liam).— Stand, three premiums. 3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 111. Digitalis — (Foxglove). — Best

display, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 112. Campanula media — (Cantee-
BUKY Bell.) — Best display, two
premiums "- . . , 2 00 1 00

STRAWBERRr.—

No. 113. Crystal City, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 114. Downer's Prolific, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums 150 1 00 50

No. 115. Jersey Queen, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

No. 116. Peas, one-half peck, four

premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 117. Lettuce, six heads, tliree premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 118. Spinach, half jjcck, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PEEMIUMS. 17

Wednesday, June 25.

HYDRANGEA, — -one plant, in bloom. —

No. 119. Horteusis, two premiums $2 00 1 00

No. 120. Otaksa, two premiums 2 00 1 00

No. 121. Thomas Hogg, two premiums. . . 2 00 1 00

BASKET. — Oval, fiat, not to exceed 18 inches.

No. 122. Amateur,— three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 123. Florist,— three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

BOUQUET— (PARLOE).—

No. 124. Amateur,— three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 125. Florist,— three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

STRAWBERRY.-

No. 126. Bidwell, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 127. Charles Downing, 25 ber-
ries, flat, four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 128. Crescent, 25 berries, flat, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 129. Cumberland Triumpii, 25 berries,

flat, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 130. Hovey, 25 berries, flat, three pre-
miums 150 100 50

No. 131. Sharpless, 25 berries, flat,

four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 132. Wilder, 25 berries, flat, three pre-
miums '. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 133. Wilson, 25 berries, flat,

four premiums 2 00 150 100 50

No. 134. Any variety, fifty berries (flat),
gratuity.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 135. Beets, twelve specimens, summer,

turnip-rooted, three premiums. $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 136. Peas, one-half pock, American

Wonder, three premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 137. One-half peck, McLean's Ad-
vancer, three preiniums 2 00 1 50 1 00

18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Wednesday, July 2.

CLEMATIS— DISPLAY.—

No. 138. Of not less than six named varie-
ties, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM.—

No. 139. For the best vase, two premiums. $2 00 1 00

OUT FLOWERS.—

No. 140. For the best arranged stand, with-
out restriction as to foliage, va-
rieties, or quantity of flowers,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

HARDY FLOWERS. — Biennials and Perennials. —

No. 141. For the best stand, tliree premi-
ums ' $3 00 2 00 100

STRAWBERRY.—

No. 142. Bidwell, 2.5 berries, flat,

four premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 143. Glendale, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 144. Jucunda, 25 berries, flat,

four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00. 50

No. 145. Lincohi, 25 berries, flat,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 146. Manchester, 25 berries,

flat, three premiums. ... 1 50 1 00 50

No. 147. Miners Great Prolific, 25
berries, flat, four premi-
ums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 148. Triomphe de Gand, 25 ber-
ries, flat, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 149. Any other variety, 25 ber-
ries, flat, gratuity.

No. 150. Any variety, tifty berries,
flat, gratuity.

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 19

VEGETABLE.—

No. 151. Bean (Snap), one-half peck, three

premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

FEA.—

No. 152. Champion of England, one-half

peck, three premiums .$2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 153. Yorkshire Hero, one-half peck,

three premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 154. Any other variety, gratuity.

Wednesday, July g.

IRIS K^MPFERL—
No. 155. Best display, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

ZONALE GERANIUMS.—

No. 156. For the best stand, 1 trnss in a

vial, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.—

No, 157. For the best stand, of 24 named

varieties, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 158. LiLiuM Candidum, twelve spikes,

three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

RAS PBERRY— (RED).—

No. 159. Brandywine, one quart, three pre-
miums $150 100 50

No. 160. Ilansell, one quart, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

BLACKCAP.—

No. 161. Davison's Thornless, one quart,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 162. Doolittle, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

5

20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

CHERRY.—

No. 163. Any variety, one quart, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

CURRANT.—.

No. 164. Red Dutch, one quart, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 165. White Grape, one quart, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 166, White Dutch, one quart, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 167. Any other variety, one quart,
gratuity.

STRAWBERRY.—

No. 168. Any variety, 25 berries, flat, gratuity.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 169. Beet, twelve Egyptian Turnip-
rooted, three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 170. Potato, one-half peck, Early

Rose, three premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 171. Pea, one-half peck, three pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, July i6.

GERMAN STOCKS.—

No. 172. For the best stand, two premi-
ums $2 00 1 00

GLOXINIA,— IN POTS.—

No. 173. Six varieties in bloom, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

LILIUM.—

No. 174. Yase, two premiums $2 00 1 00

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 21

CUT FLOWERS,— DISTINCT vakieties.—

No. 175. Stand of (named), 3 premiums.. S3 00 2 00 1 00

HOLLYHOCK,— Double.—

No. 176. For the best stand, one flower

in each vial, three premiums. ,$3 00 2 00 1 00

CURRANT.—

No. 177. La Versaillaise, one quart, five

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 178, Red Dutch, one quart, five pre-
miums 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 179. White Dutch, one quart, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 180. White Grape, one quart, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 181. Any other variety, gratuity.

RASPBERRY.—

No. 182. Brinckle's Orange, one quart,

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 1 83. Clarke, one quart, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 184. Frauconia, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 185. Hornet, one quart, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 186. Hudson River Antwerp, one

quart, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 187. Northumberland, one quart, three

premiums 150 1 00 50

No. 188. Turner, one quart, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 189. Cuthbert, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 190. Any other variety^ gratuity.

Blackcap. —

No. 191. Gregg, one quart, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 192. Mammoth Cluster, one quart,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 193. Potato, Beauty of Hebron, one-
half peck, three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 194. Bean, Early Valentine, three pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 195. Wax — (snap), three pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, July 23.

FLOWERS,— Seedlings of 1884.

No. 196. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BASKET. — Round, flat, not to exceed 18 in. in diameter.

No. 197. Amateur,— three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 198. FLOEiST,—three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

PETUNIA. — One spray in each vial.

•No. 199. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

SWEET ?Y.A.—Best Varieties.—

No. 200. Stand, — not exceeding twelve
flowers in a bottle, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

RASPBERRY.—

No. 201. Any variety, one quart, gratuity.

BLACKBERRY.—

No. 202. Kittatinny, one quart, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 203. Snyder, one quart, three premi-
ums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 204. Wachusett, one quart, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 ,00 50

No. 205. Any other variety, gratuity.

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 23

VEGETABLE.—

No. 206. Squash, Four Summer Crook-
neck, two premiums . $1 00 50

No. 207. Four Scallop, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

TOMATO.—

No. 208. Twelve, of any named variety,

three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

SWEET CORN.—

No. 209. Twelve ears of any named variety,

three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, July 30.

CUT FLOWERS, — gkown from seed. By Exhihitor.

No. 210. Stand of distinct varieties, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BOUQUET, — Parlor. — Twelve inches from base to tip.

No. 211. Amateur, — three premiums. .. .$3 00 2 00 1 00
No. 212. Florist, — three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

PHLOX DRUMMONDL—

No. 213. Stand of best varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 100

VERBENA, — Best varieties. —

No. 214. Stand, one truss in a vial, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

PEAR.—

No. 215. Doyenne d'Ete, twelve,

four premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884»

VEGETABLE.—

No. 216. Bean, Dwarf Horticultural
(shell), half peck, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 217. Any other (named) variety, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 218. Cabbage, three, Jersey Wakefield,

three premiums 1 50 100 50

No. 219. Corn (Sweet), twelve ears, three

premiums . . 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, August 6.

HOLLYHOCK.—

No. 220. For the best display, a single
spike in a vial, (no duplicates),
four premiums $4' 00 3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS, — distinct varieties. —

No. 221. Twenty blooms, or clusters, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS.—

No. 222. Eighteen vials, one spike each,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 223. Any variety, twelve, gratuity.
PEAR.—

No. 224. Beurre Giffard, twelve, three

premiums ,. $1 50 1 00 50

No. 225. Doyenne d'Ete, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 50 1 00

VEGETABLE.—

No. 226. Cabbage, three specimens, two

premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 227. Corn, Crosby, twelve ears, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PRE3IIU31S. 25

No. 228. Potato, Early Ohio, one-half

peck, two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 229. Squash, Marrow, four specimens,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 230. Tomato, Acme, twelve specimens,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, August 13.

ANTIRRHINUM,— SNAP dragon.—

No. 231. Stand, best varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GERMAN STOCKS,— BEST varieties.—
No. 232. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BEGONIA — (Tuberous-Rooted), — in bloom. —

No. 233. Best six plants, in pots, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 100

PINK— (All Kinds.)—
No. 234. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 235. Astrachan (Red), twelve, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 236. Early Harvest, twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 237. Beurr6 GiflPard, twelve, four pre-
miums $2 00 150 100 50

GOOSEBERRY.—

No. 238. Downing, one quart, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 239. Any other variety, one quart, two

premiums 1 00 50

26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 240. Bean (shell), Concord, half-peck,

in pod, two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 241. Tomato, Emery, twelve, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 242, Livingston's Perfection,

twelve, two premiums 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, August 20.

ASTER.

No. 243. Rose, eighteen vials, one spray in

each, three premiums $2 00 1 00 50

No. 244. Hedgehog, eighteen vials, one

spray in each, three premiums. 2 00 1 00 50

No. 245. Cocardeau (Crown),eighteen vials,
one spray in each, three pre-
miums 2 00 1 00 50

No. 246. Victoria, eighteen vials, one spray

in each, three premiums 2 00 1 00 50

No. 247. Boltzes, eighteen vials, one whole

plant in each, three premiums . . 2 00 1 00 50

ASTER— (Pompon.)—

No. 248. Stand, one spray in each vial, three

premiums . $3 00 2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS — (distinct varieties named.) —

No. 249. Eighteen, 1 spike each, three pre-
miums $4 00 3 00 2 00

SALPIGLOSSIS.—

No. 250. For the best stand, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 251. Astrachan (Red), twelve, three

premiums .$1 50 1 00 50

APRICOT.—

No. 252. Any variety, gratuity $100 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 27

PEAR.—

No. 253. Clapp's Favorite, twelve, four

premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 254. Dearborn, twelve, two premiums 1 00 50

PEACH.—

No. 255. Alexander, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 256. Beatrice, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 257. Cole's Early Red, twelve, two

premiums 1 00 50

No. 258. Waterloo, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

No. 259. Squash, Turban, three specimens,

three premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 260. Tomato, Paragon, twelve speci-
mens, two premiums 1 50 1 00

No. 261. CoKN, Sweet, twelve ears, of not
loss than twelve rows, three
premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, August 27.

CUT FLOWERS, — distinct varieties.
No. 262. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

DELPHINIUM.—

No. 263. Stand, best varieties, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GERANIUM — (distinct varieties named.) —

No. 264. Stand, one truss in each vial, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS — (no duplicates.)
No. 265. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

PHLOX— PERENNIAL.—
No. 266. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

28 WOKCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

APPLE.—

No. 267. Sweet Bougli, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 268. Duchess of Oldenburg, twelve,

four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 269. Clapp's Favorite, twelve, five

premiums $3 00 2 00 150 100 50

No. 270. Rostiezer, twelve, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 271. Tyson, twelve, three premiums. . 1 50 1 00 50
No. 272. Beurre de I'Assoraption, twelve,

three premiums 150 1 00 50

PEACH.—

No. 273. Hale (Early), twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 274-. Rivers (Early), twelve, three pre-
miums ..." 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

Bean — (half-peck in pod.) —

No. 275. Horticultural (pole), three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, September 3.

BALSAM.—

No. 276. Stand, one spike in each vial,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

SCABIOSA.—

No. 277. Stand, best variety, three pre-
miums '. $3 00 2 00 1 00*

ZINNIA.—

No. 278. Stand, at least twelve varieties,

two premiums $2 00 1 00

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 29

MAEIGOLD.—

No. 279. Stand, two premiums $2 00 1. 00

APPLE.—

No. 280. Sweet Bough, twelve, two pre-
miums ... $1 00 50

No. 281. Williams's Red, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

NECTARINE.—

No. 282. Any variety, twelve, two pre-
miums ..' $1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 283. Clapp's Favorite, twelve, four

premiums S3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 284. Tyson, twelve, two premiums... 1 50 1 00

PEACH.—

No. 285. Cooledge, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50
No. 286. George Fourth, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 287. Foster, twelve, two premiums. . . 1 00 50

No. 288. Richmond, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

PLUM.—

No. 289. Imperial Gage, twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 290. McLaughlin, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 293. Quackenboss, twelve, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 292. Washington, twelve, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE, — four varieties, viz. —

f Bean, half-peck ") *

"NT 9Q*^ J C^^^ (Sweet), twelve ears . I Three premiums.
iNo. ^y6. <;^ Potato, half-peck f $3 00 2 00 1 00

[_ Squash, three specimens. . . J

30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Wednesday, September lo.

BOUQUET— (PARLOR.)—

Best, loosely arranged.

No. 294. Amateur, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 295. Florist, three premmras 3 00 2 00 1 00

DAHLIA — (Large-Flowered), one in a vial. —

No. 296. Stand, best variety, three pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 297. Pompon, stand, one in a vial, three

premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 298. Single, — best six blooms, two

premiums 1 00 50

LILIUM JAPONICUM.—

No. 299. Best display, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

NASTURTIUM AND TROPCEOLUM— (Stand).—

No. 300. Best varieties, not more than
twelve blooms in each bottle,
three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.

No. 301. Williams's Red, twelve, two pre-
miums , $1 00 50

No. 302. Worcester Spy, two premiums. . 1 00 50

APPLE— (Crab.)—

No. 303. Transcendent, 24, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 304. Ansault, twelve, three premiums. |1 50 1 00 50

No. 305. Bartlett, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 306. Belle Lucrative, twelve, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 307. Earle's Bergamot, twelve, tliree

premiums ' 1 50 1 00 50

No. 308. St. Ghislain, twelve, four pre-
miums 2 00 150 100 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 31

PEACH.—

No. 309. Crawford (Early), twelve, two

premiums $1 00 50

No. 310. Oldmixon, twelve, two premiums 1 00 50

PLUM.—

No. 311. Bradshaw, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50
No. 312. General Hand, twelve, two pre-
miums '. 1 00 50

No. 313. Jefferson, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 314. Lombard, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

No. 315. Munroe, twelve, two premiums. . 1 00 50

No. 316. Victoria, twelve, two premiums. 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

No. 317. Cucumber, half-peck (for pickles),

three premiums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 318. Pepper, twelve best, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 319. Bean, Lima (large), half-peck,

best, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, September 17.

CUT FLOWERS, — distinct varieties. —

No. 320. Twenty blooms or clusters, three

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GERANIUM, — OPEN culture. —

No. 321. Hand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

PANSY, — with foliage. —

No. 322. Stand, three spikes in each bottle,

three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

FLOWERS AND FRUIT.—
No. 323. Combination, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

APPLE.—

No. 324. Foundling, twelve, two premiums. $1 00 50

No. 325. Golden Sweet, two premiums... 1 00 50

No. 326. Gravenstein, 4 premiums. .2 00 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 327. Bartlett, twelve, five

premiums $3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 328. Pratt, twelve, two premiums... 1 00 50

PLUM.—

No. 329. Coe's Golden Drop, twelve, two

premiums $100 50

No. 330. Peine Claude de Bavay, twelve,

two premiums 1 00 50

PEACH.—

No. 331. Crawford (Early), twelve, two

premiums $1 00 50

No. 332. Oldmixon, two premiums 1 00 50

MELON.—

No. 333. Yellow Flesh, three specimens,

two premiums $1 00 50

No. 334. Green Flesh, three, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 335. Watermelon (2), two premiums . 1 00 50

Wednesday, September 24.

ASTER.—

No. 336. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

BASKET CUT FLOWERS. —

Best, not to exceed fifteen inches,
with handle, on stand.

No. 337. Amateur, — three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 338. Florist, — three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 33

VERBENA.—
No. 339. Stand, best, three premiums. .. .$3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS— Stand.—
No. 340. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 341. Porter, four premiums.. .$2 00 1 50 1 00 50
No. 342. GohJen Sweet, two premiums. . . 1 50 1 00

APPLE— Crab.—
No. 343. Hyslop, 24, two premiums $1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 344. Doyenne Boussoc, twelve, two

premiums $1 00 50

No. 345. Durandeau, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 346. Merriam, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 347. Paradis d'Automne, four pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 348. Seckel, three premiums 'l 50 1 00 50

No. 349. Any other variety, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

PEACH.—

No. 350. Crawford (Late), twelve, two pre-
miums , , $1 00 50

No. 351. Salway (free), two premiums. ... 1 00 50

No. 352. Smock, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 353. Stump the World, two premiums. 1 00 50
No. 354. Any other variety, two premiums. 1 00 50
No. 355. New Seedling, originated in
Worcester County, three pre-
miums ." 150 1 00 50 V

GRAPE.—

No. 356. Moore, three clusters, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 357. Lady, three clusters, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

No. 358. Lindley, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 359. Prentiss, three clusters, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 360. lona, three clusters, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 361. Massasoit, three chisters, three

premiums . 1 50 1 00 50

No. 362. Salem, three clusters, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 363. Wilder, three clusters, three pre-
miums 150 100 50

No. 364. Worden, three clusters, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 365. Brighton, three clusters, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

No. 366. Carrot, best twelve, any variety,

two premiums $1 50 1 00

No. 367. Egg Plant, 4 specimens, three

premiutns 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 368. Martynia, 24 specimens, two

premiums 1 50 1 00

Wednesday, October i.

BASKET— (Cut Flowers).—

Not to exceed fifteen in. in
diaineter, flat, oval.

No. 369. Amateur, — three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

No. 370. Florist,— three premiums 3 00 2 00 1 00

STAND — (cut flowers.) —
No. 371. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

GLADIOLUS.—
No. 372. Best display, three premiums $3 00 2 00 100

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 35

APPLE.—

No. 373. Gravenstein, five pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 374. Holder) Pippin, twelve, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 375. Lyscom, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 376. Twenty Ounce, three premiums. . 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 377. Beurre Hardy, twelve, three pre-
miums '. $1 50 1 00 50

No. 378. Beurre Supertin, four pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 379. Louise Bonne de Jersey,

live premiums. .. 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 380. Seckel, live pre-
miums 3 00 2 0<J 1 50 1 00 50

No. 381. St. Michel Archange, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 382. Washington, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 383. Buffum, two premiums 1 00 50

PEACH.—

No. 384. Any variety, twelve, gratuity.
GRAPE.—

No. 385. Concord, three clusters, three pre-
miums $2 00 1 00 50

No. 386. Delaware, four premiums. . 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 387. Duchesse, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 388. Pocklington, two premiums 1 00 50

No. 389. Any other vai'iety, gratuity.

VEGETABLE; — four varieties, viz: —

C Onion, half-peck ^

TVr ^QO J P<^^TATO, half-peck f Three premiums,

JNo. .^yu. <; Cabbage, three specimens [$2 00 1 50 1 00

l^ Squash, six specimens J

No. 391. Cauliflower, three specimens,

two premiums 1 50 1 00

6

36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. [1884.

Wednesday, October 8.

CUT FLOWERS, — distinct varieties. —
No. 392. Stand, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

FLOWERS AND FRUIT.—
No. 393. Combination, three premiums. . .$3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 394. Garden Royal, twelve, two pre-
miums $1 00 50

No. 395. Maiden's Bhish, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 396. Washington Strawberry, two pre-
miums 1 00 50

No. 397. Any other variety, gratuity.

PEAR.—

No. 398. Beurre Bosc, twelve, five pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 399. Dr. Reeder, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 400. Sheldon, four premiums.. 2 00 1 50 1 00 50
No. 401. Any other variety, gratuity.

GRAPE, — OPEN culture. —

No. 402. Any variety, three clusters, gratuity.

QUINCE.

No. 403, Champion, twelve, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 404. Orange, twelve, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.-

No. 405. Potato. — Six varieties (named),

twelve each, three premiums. .$2 00 1 50 1 00
No. 406. Squash, Hubbard, three, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 407. Celery, six, three premiums. ... 2 00 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OP PREMIUMS. 37

Wednesday, October 15.

CUT FLOWERS.— (Bouquet.)—

No. 408. Style, flat, mantle, not to ex-
ceed twelve inches from base to
tip, three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.— (Stand.)—
No. 409. Three premiums $3 00 2 00 1 00

APPLE.—

No. 410. Baldwin, six pre-
miums...$4 00 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 411. King of Tompkins County,

four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 412. Leicester Sweet, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 413. Any other variety (named), gra-
tuity.

peak-
No. 414. Beurre Bosc, twelve, four

premiums $2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 415. Dix, twelve, three premiums. .. . 1 50 1 00 50
No. 416. Onondaga, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

GRAPE, OPEN CULTURE.

No. 417. Any variety, three clusters, three

premiums $150 1 00 50

QUINCE.—

No. 418. Any variety (named), twelve,

tliree premiums $3 00 2 00 I 00

VEGETABLE.—

No. 419. Kohl Rabi, six specimens, three

premiums $1 50 1 00 50

Onion. —

No. 420. Red Globe — Half peck, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

38 WORCESTER COUNTT HORTlCULltJflAL SOCIETY. [1884.

No. 421. Yellow Danvers — Half peck,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

Salsify. —

No. 422. Twelve specimens, 3 premiums. .$1 50 1 00 50

Wednesday, October 22.

OLTT FLOWERS.—
No. 423. In any form, gratuity.

APPLE.—

No. 424. McClellan, twelve, three pre-
miums $150 1 00 50

No. 425. Sutton Beauty, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 426. R. I. Greening, live

premiums 3 00 2 00 ' 1 50 1 00 50

No. 427. Any other variety (named), gra-
tuity.

PEAR.—

No. 428. Beurre d'Anjou, twelve, five pre-
miums ..." 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

N(.. 429. Beurre Diel, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 430. Doyenne du Comice, five pre-
miums 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 431. Urbaniste, four premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

VEGETABLE.—

No. 432. Best Collection, grown frotn seed

that was itself raised by the

competitors, three premiums.. $3 00 2 00 1 00
No. 433. Salsify. — Best twelve specimens,

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. S9

Wednesday, October 29.

FERN— (paelor) —
No. 434. Best plHnt,^three premiums $2 00 100 50

PALM — (r aklor) . —
No. 435. Best plant, three premiums $2 00 1 00 50

POT PLANTS— In bloom.
No. 436. Gratuity.

APPLE.—

No. 437. Hubbardston Nonesuch, five pre-
miums S3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 438. Canada Red (Old Nonesuch),

three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 439. Mother, three premiums 1 50 1 00 :>0

No. 440. Northern Spy, four pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 441. Roxbury Russet, four

premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 442. Yellow Belle Flower, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

PEAR.—

No. 443. Beurre Clairgeau, three pre-
miums $1 50 1 00 50

No. 444. Beurre Langelier, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 445. Dana's flovey, three premiums. . 1 50 1 00 50

No 446. Duchesse d'Angoul^me, four

premiums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 447. Gloyt Morgeau, three premiums. 1 50 1 00 50

No. 448. Josephine de Malines, three pre-
miums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 449. Lawrence, five pre-
miums 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 450. Mount Vernon, two premiums. . 1 00 50

No. 451. Winter Nelis, four pre-
miums 2 00 1 50 1 00 50

No. 452. Sieullo, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 453. Vicar, three premiums 1 50 1 00 50

40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1884.

VEGETABLE.—

No. 454. Collection, four pre-
miums $3 00 2 00 1 50 1 00

No. 455. Best Collection of Seeds of
Garden Vegetables (Potatoes
excluded)^ grown by competi-
tors, four premiums.. .$4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00

No 456. Celekiao, six specimens, three

premiums 1 50 1 00 50

No. 457. Celery, twelve, four pre-
miums 4 00 3 00 2 00 100

1884.] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS. 41

SPECIAL CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION

ON

Wednesday, November 12.

No. 1. For the best six Chinese, or large-
flowered, in pots, — distinct named
varieties, three premiums $4 00 3 00 2 00

No. .2. For the best six Japanese, in pots,
distinct named varieties, three pre-
miums $4 00 3 00 2 00

No, 3. For the best six Pompon, in pots,
distinct named varieties, three pre-
miums $4 00 3 00 2 00

No. 4. For tlie best three plants, in pots,
from Amateurs, — distinct (not
named), three premiums. ..... .$2 00 1 50 1 00

No 5. For the best display, in pots, any

variety, three premiums $6 00 4 00 2 00

No. 6. For CHRYSANTHEMUM,— Cut
Blooms. — Stand, one spray in each
vial, three premiums $3 0(^ 2 00 1 00

Voluntary contributions of Baskets and Bouquets of Flowers,
are respectfully solicited.

This Exhibition will be open to the public, without charge,
from 3 o'clock, P. M., until 10 o'clock, P. M.

N. B. All articles, intended for this Special Exhibition, must
be in the Hall, and ready for inspection by the Judge, by One
(1) o'clock, P. M., precisely, of the day of the Exhibition.

By authority of the

Committee on Arrangements and ExHrerrioNs.
Attest :

EDWARD WINSLOW LINCOLN,

Secretary.

"^J^

*-'i

>f ■/