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HARVARD UNIVERSITY 


LIBRARY 
OF THE 


Museum of Comparative Zoology 


THE 


TRANSACTIONS. 


OF THE 


| NATU RALISTS’ UNI ON. 


EO Ne I 


PART fF tesued to the Shee for fhe year 
I877. eye 


CONTENTS: 


Series Br apaecune ark” Ghee Dae 
: a Report of the Vertebrate Section for 1877, pp. I to 16. 
; Series C—Inverreprata—(exclusive of the Articu- 
_Jata) Sheet 1,* 
Roper on the Land and Fresh Water ‘Mollusca’ of Yorkshire — 
_ (W, NELSON and No. W. TAYLOR, pp: 1 to 16, 
wae Series D—Articurata—Sheets 1, 2 and 3. 


- Yorkshire Macro- eretoptar in. 1877. =G. T. Pornitr, z L. S., 
pp. 2 to 10, 


“Yorkshire | Micro- JJepidoptera i in n 1877. Ww. PREST, pp. 11 ‘to 16. 
tie Yorkshire Hemiptera- Homoptera. a Psyllidee) in es ie 
Moe.) Se Ley MOSLEY, opp. 17: to 18. 

Yorkshire Diptera in 1877. ea Mosizy, PP. 19. to 22, 

"Yorkshire Hymenoptera : Report « on Present State of Knowledge, 

poe and first list of species. —W™M. ‘DENISON | NOES Pp. 23 to 60. : a ‘ 

e ‘Series E—Borany—Sheet I. aa 

ay ee of the Botanical. Section. for. vey Rev, Wn. ROWLE 
MM. AL; and H. Nog aN M. D., i G. Si; PP. I to $._ 


Seren T here. sheets are in ‘preparation ae will be sent out as soon as ready. 
Bae, aheys should ee received be oe in ‘this Wrapper : 


=o) eae sie 


“Bene: 


K “TAYLOR, BROTHERS, PRINTERS, ST. “ANN STREET, 
; 1878. 


Borate Natal lists: aion: 
P28 Se | 


Pi Hsieh ee 
Hy. Cuirrox Sorpy, ERS), Pp. CSE VER) R.M.S., &c., Sheffield. 
: | Vice-Pr esident 
Rev. Vee Fow.er, M.A; Liversedge, 
Secretaries : 


GEORGE Brook, ter., -ERMS, Fernbrook, Huddersfield. 
Ws. Denison ROEBUCK, ‘Sumy Bank, Heee, 


— 


THE SOCIETIES 


At Peceu in the Union are the Huddersfield, Heckmondwike, Clayton. est, 
Barnsley, Wakefield, Ovenden, Stainland, Ripponden, Holmfirth, Liversedge, 
Rastrick and Brighouse, Mirfield, Honley, Middlestown and Bradford Natural- 

ists’ Societies; the Leeds N aturalists’ Club and Scientific Association ; the 
Goole Scientific Society ; ;the York and District Field Naturalists’ Society : the 

Selby Naturalists’ Society ; the Huddersfield Literary and Scientific Society ; res 


the Huddersfield Scientific Club 3 the Conchological Society (Leeds); the 
Sheffield Naturalists’ Club; the Leeds Geological “Association ; the Bradford pant 


Scientific: Association ; the Batley Field Naturalists’ Society ; ; the Drifteld 
Literary and Scientific Societys anu: igs ees ees and. Field 
Naturalists’ Club. : 


SECTIONS. 


For the better working of the various Rpianehes of diene. ae Sections 
| have been formed, éach having its own officers and committee. 


The Officers of Sections will be glad to receive information from the — 


members, as the scope of the Sections will not be simply confined to the work - 
done at the meetings, but ‘will embrace: the Investigation Be the Natural 
History of ee County in its widest sense. a 


Helo "VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. ake, 
President : E. HUNTER, F.C.S., Goole. ao 
Secretary; THOMAS . LISTER, Victoria Crescent, ‘Barnsley 

: ~ CoNCHOLOGY. 
President: WILLIAM NELSON, Freehold Street, cea, 
Secretary: JOHN 'W. TAYLOR, Leopold. SoH eRe, Leeds. 

ea ease AH EntomoLoey. Ay 

-) President: WILLIAM PREST, 13, Holgate Road, Vor 
Secretary: G. T. PORRIT OLS. Huddersfield, 

ig ies Botany, a 

- President ; REV. W. FOWLER, M.A,, dieemenee Bien 

Secretary: H. F RANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., F. G, S., Goole. 
. GEOLOGY. — 


President : THOMAS TATE, ‘Rushton: rues neste Bradford. Ren tk: 
| Secretary; JAMES SPENCER, 8, Salisbury Place, Akroydon, Halifax, pea 


TRANSACTIONS OF THE 
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 
Series B:—VERTEBRATA, 


THE 


BI R DS Gar crime) 


YORKSHIRE: 


WILLIAM EAGLE CLARKE, 


8), Abt 


OF LEEDS, 


Secretary of the Vertebrate Section. 
——$+6->—____ 
ACCIPITRES. FALCONIDA. 


AQUILA CHRYSAETUS (L.) 
Golden Eagle. 


A very rare casual visitant. 


The instances of the visits of this noble species to any part 
of England being extremely rare, as evidenced by its absence 
from most county lists, Yorkshire would seem to have been 
favoured by them to an unusual degree, no less than six 
instances of its occurrence within the limits of the county being 
recorded ; chiefly during the winter months. 

From the fact that the White-tailed Eagle in the dark plumage 
of immaturity has been so frequently confounded with the present 
species, the writer has made the most careful enquiries as to the 
identification of the following, and many other supposed 
occurrences which were communicated. 


Bl 


2 CLARKE : THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. - 


The late Mr. Henry Denny, in a Catalogue of the Animals 
occurring near Leeds, published in 1840, stated that one was 
shot at Stockeld Park near Wetherby, on the 29th of November, 
t804. I have not been able to trace this specimen, but the 
authority is so good that I see no reason for doubt. 


The York Courant for January 1838 contained an account of 
an eagle which was trapped during that month at Beningborough, 
near that city, in which neighbourhood it committed numerous 
depredations for a week before its capture. The expanse of wing 
in this specimen was given as 7 feet 10 inches. Mr. Neville 
Wood, noticing the occurrence in his Naturalist, presimed from 
the dimensions given that the specimen was referable to this 
species. 

Mr. A. Roberts informs me that one in the first year’s plumage 
was shot at Hunmanby on the 24th of July 1844, on the estate of 
Admiral Mitford, who presented it to the Scarborough museum. 


One instance of its occurrence in the East Riding was 
reported by Mr. Arthur Strickland to Mr. Thomas Allis of York, 
and included by that gentleman in his Report on the Birds of 
Yorkshire, read before the British Association in 1844. I am 
greatly indebted to his son-in-law, Mr. W. Pumphrey, for the loan 
of this valuable manuscript. 


Captain Edward H. Turton, of Upsall Castle, Thirsk, 
informs me that a specimen in his museum was shot about 
Christmas 1851, on Court Moor, Kildale, near Stokesley, in the 
North Riding, by his father’s keeper. 


A beautiful young female, in the first year’s plumage, was 
shot in December 1861, at Skerne, near Driffield, in the East 
Riding, when in the act of eating a hare, by a man called Kemp, 
gamekeeper to Mr. A. Bannister. It was skinned and set up by 
Mr. Roberts, of Scarborough, who says it weighed 8 lbs. 5 ozs. This 
bird is now in the fine collection of the Norwich museum, to 
which it was presented by Mr. Francis Hoare, formerly of Tranby 
Park, near Hull, to whom, Mr. W. W. Boulton and Mr. J. H. 
Gurney, jun., I am indebted for the particulars. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879, Series B 


GOLDEN EAGLE: WHITE-TAILED EAGLE, 3 


In 1864, one shot at Thornton, near Pickering, and sent by Mr. 
ie R. Mills of that place to Mr. Graham of York for preservation, 
was exhibited at the meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club 
on the 4th of May. 


HALIAETUS ALBICILLA (ZL.) 
White-tailed Eagle. 


A rare autumn and winter visitant. 


The White-tailed Eagle is but a very occasional visitor, 
occurring chiefly in the autumn and winter. Although most 
frequent on the coast, yet it is by no means confined to it, and 
visits our large inland woods and waters, where its size soon 
attracts the attention of the gamekeeper, to whose gun or snare 
it usually falls a victim. In Yorkshire, as in Norfolk, Durham 
and Northumberland (Birds of N. and D., by John Hancock, 
1874) all the specimens that have occurred are in immature 
plumage, no mention being made of mature specimens. Mr. 
Stevenson in his ‘ Birdsof Norfolk’ attributes this tothe well-known 
habit of the old birds of most of the Falconidz of driving away 
their young from the nesting places as soon as they are able to 
provide for themselves. A specimen, however, in the collection 
of Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, is interesting, inasmuch as 
only two or three feathers of the tail show black tips, having only — 
these to cast to attain to maturity of plumage. This bird was 
shot at Castle Howard in the year 184. 

In Graves’ History of Cleveland one is mentioned as having 
been shot in December 1807, at Staingate, near Danby Lodge, 
and is possibly the one referred to in the next paragraph. 

Mr. Thomas Stephenson of Whitby has kindly obtained for 
me information of one shot in Stonegate Ghyll many years ago by 
aman named Pringles whilst poaching by moonlight. This is 
now in the possession of Mr. Page of Guisborough. 

One was shot off the mouth of the Tees on the 5th of Novem- 


ber 1823 (Zoologist, 1845, p. 1051). 


4 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


Mr. C. C. Oxley of Ripon has in his collection an Eagle of 
this species, shot near Marske Church in October 1836. This is 
the bird recorded by Mr. John Grey as a Golden Eagle, in the 
Zoologist for 1845 (p. 1051). 


Mr. Patrick Hawkridge recorded in Neville Wood’s Naturalist, 
(1837, p. 324) one shot at Haverah Park, which was presented 
to the Scarborough Museum by Sir W. A. Ingilby of Ripley 
Castle. 


Mr. Thomas Allis in 1844 mentioned one shot at Okely in 
the West Riding, which found its way into the collection of Mr. 
John Childers. 


Mr. Sterland in his ‘Birds of Sherwood Forest’ mentions an 
immature bird which was shot at Laughton-en-le-Morthen on the 
13th of January 1857, after a fortnight’s sojourn in the neigh- 
bourhood. 


In October 1863 one was shot at Speeton Cliffs by Thomas 
Leng, after several unsuccessful attempts. It was preserved by 
Mr. Matthew Bailey of Flamborough, who has kindly given me 
this information, and further states that the bird measured thirty- 
nine inches from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail, and 7 feet 
6 inches in expanse of wing. This bird passed into the collection 
of Captain Crowe of Speeton. Not very long before this, 
(Jan. 1861) Leng shot another bird of this species, which is now 
in the possession of Mr. M. Bailey. In both instances the age 
is given by Mr. Bailey as about three years. 


Mr. Roberts of Scarborough informs me that one was obtained 
at Wykeham in 1864; and another on Seamer Moor, which, 
when observed, was mobbed by hundreds of Rooks. 

A fine male, shot at Long Pain, Bedale Wood, near Scar- 
borough, on the 17th of January 1865, and sent to Mr. Graham 
of York to stuff by Lady Downe, was exhibited at a meeting of 
the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club. Mr. Graham remarked that it 
had been noticed in the neighbourhood for several winters. This 
information is however too vague to warrant any opinion as to the 
maturity or immaturity of the bird. 


Trans. Y.N.U,, 1879. Series B 


WHITE-TAILED EAGLE: OSPREY. 5 


Mr. Cordeaux mentions (Birds ‘of Humber District), an 
immature bird shot at Flamborough Head in the spring of 186s, 
with the remark that this is a locality where it has been frequently 
observed; also, on the authority of Mr. W. W. Boulton of 
Beverley, the occurrence during the last ten years of this Eagle, 
in the young plumage, in Holderness. 


One in the Duke of Devonshire’s possession at Bolton Abbey 
was killed by a keeper in the Forest Moors near that place about 
the year 1871. It was unable to rise at the time, being gorged 
while feeding on the carcase of a sheep, and the keeper tried to 
capture it alive, but the bird fought so hard that he was compelled 
to kill it with his stick. 


Mr. P. W. Lawton of Easington informs me that in 
October 1876 an Eagle of this species frequented Kilnsea, near 
Spurn, for some weeks, during which period it was often 
observed. 


PANDION HALILZETUS (L.) 
Osprey. 


A rare spring and autumn visitant. 


In former years the Osprey was not unfrequently observed in 
the spring, while on the passage to its breeding stations in the 
north, and again in the autumn while returning to its southern 
winter quarters. During these migrations the size of the bird and 
the habits peculiarly its own have caused it to be noticed by those 
not usually interested in ornithology. Latterly it has become much 
less frequent, having occurred on four occasions only during the 
past twelve years, all of which were in Eastern Yorkshire and the 
vicinity of the coast. This scarcity is in a great measure attribu- 
table to the fact that this species no longer frequents its former 
favourite haunts in Scotland, and its association with the name of 
that country is now confined to perhaps a pair or two, if even that. 

This species having now become so rare, it seems desirable 


6 CLARKE : THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


to give particulars of all the occurrences which have come under 
my notice. . 

Miller in his History of Doncaster (1804) mentions the 
Osprey as occurring in that neighbourhood. 

In 1823 it was recorded as frequenting the little mountain tarn 
known as Semerwater, in Wensleydale, on the authority of Mr. 
Fothergill, surgeon, of Askrigg (Whitaker’s Richmondshire, 
p. 416). 

Mr. Leyland of Halifax (1828) had seen two specimens, one 
from Luddenden and one from Hebden Bridge. 

About 1837 one alighted on the rigging of a vessel off Flam- 
borough Head and was captured. ‘This specimen was presented 
to the museum at Scarborough by Mr.’E. Tindall. In the same 
year one was observed near Hackness and another shot 
near Scarborough. These occurrences were communicated to 
Neville Wood’s Naturalist (1837, p. 329 & 489) by Mr. P. Hawk- 
ridge of Scarborough. 

Mr. Denny of Leeds in 1840 mentioned a specimen at 
Farnley in 1833 and another at Stainland Dean near Halifax. 

Mr. John Heppenstall of Sheffield recorded in the Zoologist 
(1843, p. 14 & 247) three specimens as having occurred there 
prior to that date. 

In May 1843 one visited the river Swale at Catterick, and 
after remaining in that neighbourhood for a month, was at last 
shot on the zoth of June; this was recorded in the Zoologist 
(1844, p. 443) by Mr. Mark Booth, with the remark that another 
had been seen in the same locality five years before. 

Dr. Farrar (1844) mentioned that he had met with four 
specimens :—A female at Water Fryston near Pontefract ; another 
female at Stainborough Park, near Barnsley; a male at Wors- 
borough Reservoir; and a female on Burnsall Moor, near Bolton 
Abbey, in April 1844, whose stomach was gorgéd with the remains 
of a Red Grouse. 

One in the collection of Mr. C. C. Oxley was shot at Marske in 
Cleveland, as recorded in the Zoologist (1845, p. 1135) by Mr. M. 
Booth. Mr. Oxley informs me that he has another specimen 
obtained near Redcar. 


Trans, Y.N,U.1879. Series B 


OSPREY. 7 


_- One at Whitby in the year 1851 or 1852, recorded in 
Morris’s Naturalist (1853, p. 84) by Mr. J. Braim. Another 
in 1853 is mentioned in the same journal (1854, p. 80) as having 
occurred at Richmond ; the authority being Mr. H. Smurthwaite. 


In 1860 a fine male was shot at Sherburn, near Scarborough, 
and recorded in the Zoologist (1860, p. 7104) by Mr. A. Roberts. 


Mr. Thomas Rhodes, late of Leeds, mentions one observed 
by him at Hemsworth Dam, near Wakefield, in 1861 or 1862. 


Mr. Roberts mentions in Theakston’s Scarborough Guide 
(1871) that two were killed near that place in 1862. 


A male shot whilst fishing in the river Swale near Richmond 
on the 6th of July 1862 (Naturalist, 1865, p. 337). 


Mr. James Ingleby informs me that one was shot at Grantley 
Hall, near Ripon, about the year 1863. 


A beautiful old female was shot at Skerne, near Driffield, on 
the 4th of May 1864, and its occurrence communicated to the 
Zoologist (1864, p. 9207) by Mr. W. W. Boulton of Beverley. 


The species is included in the catalogue of birds which had 
been observed by the late Mr. Charles Waterton in Walton Park 
(Dr. Hobson’s Life of Waterton, 1866). 


At Harewood Bridge one was captured in June 1867 and 
recorded by Mr. George Roberts in the Yorkshire Post (Feb. 
15th, 1868). 

Mr. F. G. S. Rawson informs me that one was shot in the 
Ryburne Valley, near Halifax, in June or July 1867. 


Mr. Richard Richardson of Beverley writes me that a male 
was shot on the river Hull by Mr. Matthew Armstrong on the 
Sth of May 1867. 

One shot on Filey Brigg on the 14th of May 1867 is 
mentioned by Mayhall in his History of Yorkshire (iil. p. 3). 


In 1871, as Mr. Richardson of Beverley informs me, a female 
was trapped at Pocklington on the 5th of September, and on 
the 16th of the same month a male was shot at Hotham by Mr. 
Brown, the keeper at Hotham Hall. 


8 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


Mr. Frederick Boyes records the occurrence of a fine male 
shot at Cherry Burton, near Beverley, on the 22nd of November 
1876 (Zoologist, 1877, p. 158). 

One was caught in a pole trap at Gransmoor, near 
Bridlington, on the 3oth of June 18773; the fact being 
communicated to the Zoologist (1877, p. 389) by Mr. J. H. 
Hutchinson. ‘The individual presented in September of the 
same year to the Zoological Society by Mr. W. H.S. Quintin, 
and deposited in their gardens at Regent’s Park, London, may 
possibly be the same bird. 

Mr. William Lister of Glaisdale mentions it as having 
occurred at Egton Bridge. 


FALCO CANDICANS 7. F. Gmelin. 


Greenland Falcon. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


The confusion that formerly prevailed among ornithologists 
with regard to the specific identification of the Northern Falcons 
is now a thing of the past, and has resulted in the recognition of 
three distinct species, one of which—the true Jer Falcon of the 
Scandinavian Peninsula—has not yet been ascertained to have 
occurred in the British Isles. 

Under the names of Gyr and Jer Falcon, I have records of 
eight occurrences in this county : three of them (two certainly and 
one probably) are referable to the species under consideration 
and the remaining five to the Iceland Falcon ; and it is satisfactory 
to know that the specific names of some of them, which would 
otherwise have been open to grave doubt, have been determined 
by the highest authorities. 

The first occurrence of this species of which we have any 
record was in 1837, and was communicated to Neville Wood’s 
Naturalist (1837, p. 53 & 163) by Mr. Thomas Allis of York, 
of whose accounts the following is an abstract :—A fine adult 
specimen of the Jer Falcon was shot at Sutton-upon-Derwent, by 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879. Series B 


GREENLAND FALCON. 9 


aman named Storthwaite, on the 15th of February 1837, and 
passed into Mr. Allis’s possession. It was shot in each wing, but not 
wounded in the body. Like most birds of the family when in 
captivity, it sulked and entirely refused all food for the first four 
days ; it was still alive on the 26th of April, and seemed likely to 
do well. That this was a Greenland Falcon we have high 
authority in Mr. John Hancock, the author who was the first to 
point out the distinction between this and the Iceland Falcon. 
In a letter to Mr. Thompson (Natural History of Ireland; Birds, 1. 
p- 32) Mr. Hancock says, ‘I know of one instance of the 
capture of /. Grenlandicus in this country ; it was a mature bird, 
and was in the collection of Mr. Ellis [Allis] of York, up to the 
time of his collection being sold; it was obtained in Yorkshire, 
and, to the best of my recollection, was shot about the year 1836.” 


The second bird is now in the Scarborough museum (where 
I have seen it) and is a fine mature female. It was shot on 
the 25th of November 1854, by a person named Dixon, near 
Robin Hood’s Bay, on the moors of Sir John Johnstone, Bart., 
and recorded in the Zoologist (1855, p. 4588) by Mr. A. Roberts 
of Scarborough, by whom it was preserved. The length from the 
point of the beak to the end of the tail was 20? inches, full 
extent of the wings 3 feet 10 inches, weight 3 Ibs. 3 ozs.; the crop 
was overloaded with the entrails of some animal, the stomach 
with feathers and portions of a grouse. 

In the third instance the bird was not absolutely identified, 
but from the description may, I think, be referred to this species. 
It is recorded in Mr. Cordeaux’s ‘Birds of the Humber District,’ 
under the head of Jer Falcon, as follows :—‘‘ Was shot at Flam- 
borough several years since by that well known bird-slayer, 
Thomas Leng, fisherman. Leng was shooting rock-pigeons at 
the time from the Speeton rocks, and says that at some distance 
the bird looked quite white, but on a nearer view he distinctly 
saw that its plumage was speckled with black, although it was 
altogether a very light bird. It fell to the bottom of the cliff; and 
he sent his son down, also descending himself to recover it, but 
was unsuccessful, as the rising tide had carried it out.” 


1 Ke) CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


FALCO ISLANDUS 7. F. Gmelin. 


Iceland Falcon. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


As stated in my remarks on the Greenland Falcon there are 
five instances of this species having occurred in Yorkshire. 

The first was shot about the middle of March in the year 
1837 on the moors near Guisborough, as recorded by Mr. John 
Hogg, F.R.S., in his catalogue of the Birds of S. E. Durham and 
N. E. Cleveland (Zoologist, 1845, p. 1052). It is there described 
as “a young bird, having all the upper parts of a brown ash-colour, 
the white occurring on the edges of the feathers. ‘The under 
parts white, with large longitudinal brown spots.” This specimen 
is referred to as being in its first year’s plumage, and in the 
collection of Mr. John Hancock, in a letter addressed by him to 
Mr. Wm. Thompson (Natural History of Ireland ; Birds, i. 32.) 

In the collection of Mr. C. C. Oxley of Ripon is a fine speci- 
men of the Iceland Falcon, which is said to have been shot on 
Marston Moor, in December 1826 or 1836. ‘This bird was 
purchased by Mr. Oxley at the sale of the collection of the late 
Dr. Hobson of Leeds. 

The third occurrence was in November 1860, when a fine 
young female was shot at Upper Poppleton, near York, as men- 
tioned in the Zoologist (1861, p. 7312) by Mr. David Graham of 
York, by whom the bird was purchased for five shillings. This 
bird is now in the collection of Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, 
who possesses not a few Yorkshire rarities, and who has also been 
at considerable trouble in furnishing valuable information and 
replying to my numerous enquiries. 

The fourth specimen is also in Mr. Clapham’s collection: it 
was shot by Mr. Lorrimer on Filey Brigg, on the 4th of October 
1864, while in company with another of the same species, which 
escaped. This specimen for some time proved a puzzle to Mr. 
Clapham’s friends, who thought it to be a young Peregrine. 
At length it was submitted to Mr. H. E. Dresser, author of 
the “Birds of Europe,” for his opinion; in a letter from that 


Trans Y.N.U., 1879. Series B 


2 


ICELAND FALCON : PEREGRINE FALCON. II 


ornithologist (with a perusal of which Mr. Clapham has favoured 
me) he states: “The other bird is not a Jer Falcon but an 
Iceland Falcon, not in mature plumage and most probably if not 
certainly a male. It is a capital specimen.” 


Mr. Thomas Stephenson of Whitby informs me that about 
the year 1865, Mr. Kitching, the bird preserver of that town, 
found one nailed on a wall along with other ‘vermin’ at Newton 
House near Whitby, by the gamekeeper Parker, who shot it. 
Mr. Kitching removed the bird, but it had been exposed too long 
to make a specimen of; he retained portions and thinks they 
belong to this species. 


The Jer Falcon supposed to have occurred on the Leckton 
Moors near Pickering, and recorded in the Zoologist (1864, p. 
9244) by Mr. Cordeaux—on the authority of Mr. Jones of Brid- 
lington, who sold it to Mr. Clapham of Scarborough,—proved 
to be a Goshawk, and is the one described under the head of that 
species as being in the singular ‘cuckoo’ plumage. 


FALCO PEREGRINUS 7. F. Gmelin. 


Peregrine Falcon. 


A rare resident, a regular autumn and winter visitant. 


In former years the records show that the Peregrine was far 
from uncommon as a resident in the county; and it seems pro- 
bable that when the sport of falconry was in vogue, and this noble 
bird in high favour and enjoying a certain degree of pro- 
tection, there would hardly be a locality suitable for its eyry which 
was untenanted. But now all this is changed, the protection 
has long since been withdrawn, and the former favourite so far 
descended in the scale as to rank as ‘vermin’ in the estimation of 
the descendants of its former protectors. -Among the places where 
its eyries have been noted are Goathland, and Killingnab Scar, 
in Cleveland. It also bred on Black Hambleton, which was the 
only locality from which Colonel Thornton, as he assured 


12 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


Montagu, could procure a Tercel (a male) that would kill ducks, 
although he had tried many from other places. 


In the year 1844 Mr. Allis stated that it still continued to 
breed near Pickering, although becoming much more rare than 
formerly ; also that it had bred in that year at Kilnsey Crag and 
Arncliffe, both in Wharfedale. 

It is an unmistakable pleasure to be able still to claim this 
noble bird as aresident. A pair or two still breed almost annually in 
the stupendous cliffs of our coast at Flamborough and Speeton, 
where its favourite prey the Rock Pigeon is numerous, and 
occasionally a pair or two also breed inland. 

Mr. Cordeaux in the Zoologist (1868, p. 1026), stated that 
there were two eyries at Flamborough in 1867, one of which was 
robbed by the climbers. The other pair were more fortunate, 
and escaped unmolested, the young birds getting off. 

On the 3rd of June 1876, the writer was at Buckton and 
Bempton, between Flamborough Head and Filey, and saw in the 
possession of the climbers three young in whitish down, which had 
been taken on the 30th of May. They had come across them quite 
by accident in the highest portion of the cliff; there was not the 
slightest sign of a nest, the young being simply on a ledge about 
four feet wide. On visiting the cliffs I saw both the old birds, 
the female leaving the ledge from which the young were taken and 
flying round uttering a very plaintive note. The climbers wished 
me to purchase these young birds, but this I declined to do, 
hoping, as I had heard them complain about the trouble of feeding 
them, and also some mention of putting them again on the eyry, 
that they might yet be restored to the old birds; unfortunately, 
however, they eventually found their way to Barnsley (Zoologist, 
1876, p. 5000). A pair returned to the same locality in the 
spring of this year (1879), when I regret to say one of them was 
ruthlessly shot and the eyry consequently deserted. 

Mr. Geo. Brook, ter., of Huddersfield, informs me that in 
1871 a nest with four eggs was taken from the Fells on the 
borders of Westmoreland, and the old male shot. The eggs and 
bird are now in his collection. I refrain from mentioning the 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series B 


PEREGRINE FALCON. 13 
exact locality in the interest of the birds. 


I have been informed of a pair which have this year (1879) 
reared their young in safety in the Cleveland Hills, but my in- 
formant supplied the information on condition that the locality 
be nameless. 


As an autumn and winter visitant the Peregrine 1s most fre- 
quent on the coast, but it also occurs inland, visiting all parts of 
the county, so that an enumeration of the occurrences would be 
unnecessary and tedious. 


These immigrants are mostly birds in immature plumage. 
Mr. John Cordeaux in a letter to me mentions this and other 
species as regular autumn and winter visitors, and further says “ in 
the majority of cases, however, these autumn immigrants amongst 
the Falconide leave the district (Holderness) before the advent of 
the winter season.” 


An interesting anecdote related of this species at Flam- 
borough by Mr. M. Bailey of that place appeared in Land 
and Water (1877, p. 306). I quote Mr. Bailey’s words :— 

fabeine oma eruise at) sea on March) 3ist, > 2. . i saw 
something that might be interesting to you, that of a fine Pere- 
grine Falcon hawking after sea birds. It was amusing to see him 
dart at the Guillemots as they sat or floated on the sea. The 
moment the hawk made a dash at his prey, to his great dis- 
appointment, under water went the Guillemot. I watched him for 
fifteen or twenty minutes, but he never once appeared to touch 
the water. I was speaking of this to the master of a fishing yawl, 
who told me that, only a few days previously, when some miles 
distant from land, he observed a Blackbird chased by a Peregrine 
Falcon. It was so closely pursued bythe Falcon that it took shelter 
on board the yawl.” 


A very fine mature female which Mr. W. W. Boulton (Zoo- 
logist, 1864, p. 9209) dissected, contained the remains of a Rock 
Pigeon, including, amongst other portions, one entire foot and 
shank and a few feathers. 


I4 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


FALCO SUBBUTEO L. 
Hobby. 


A rare casual visitant, 


The Hobby is only occasionally observed. The summer 
months are the usual time for its appearance, but instances are 
recorded of its having been obtained in the months of October 
(the 31st), December, and February, contrary to what might be 
expected of a species regarded as a summer visitor to Britain. 

This bird is described by Mr. Hewitson in his British Oology, 
(1838) as “more common in some parts of Yorkshire than else- 
where.” Mr. Heppenstall of Sheffield in 1843 mentions it as 
pretty generally distributed in that district in the summer months, 
and Dr. Farrar of Barnsley writing in 1844 says it is far from 
uncommon. Whatever may have been its abundance in former 
years in South Yorkshire, it is now, as far as I have been able to 
ascertain, only to be regarded as a rare casual visitor to that and 
all other parts of the county. As regards North Yorkshire we find 
that in Cleveland Mr. John Hogg in his paper read before the 
British Association at its York session in 1844 (published after- 
wards in the Zoologist for 1845) describes it as being a rare species 
and migratory; and Mr. R. Lee, of Thirsk, a taxidermist and 
accurate observer, states that he has only seen one in his twelve 
years’ experience. 

Mr. A. G. More in his paper on the distribution of Birds in 
Britain during the breeding season (Ibis, 1865) mentions it as 
breeding occasionally in Yorkshire. He has since informed me 
in reply to my inquiries that the only locality known to him was 
Rossington Wood, near Doncaster, and that his informant was 
the late Mr. Hugh Reid. 

I know of one instance of its having nested at Bishop Wood 
near Selby, in the summer of 1869 (year not quite certain), when 
its eggs were taken from a crow’s nest. ‘This fact was related to 
me by the late keeper, Wm. Harland, who further informed me 
that the eggs were in the possession of Mr. A. R. Kell of Barnsley, 
in whose collection I have seen them. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879. Series B 


HOBBY. 15 


The following are the instances of its occurrence which have 
come under my notice :— 


In Neville Wood’s Naturalist (1837, p. 384) Mr. P. Hawk- 
ridge of Scarborough remarks :—This bird is very scarce in our 
neighbourhood. A specimen was once killed by a boy with a stick 
at Knapton, near Scarborough, and presented to the museum of 
that town by Mr. R. Tindall. When we consider the diminutive 
size of this Falcon, we may venture to pronounce it second to 
none of its family in point of courage. At the time the individual 
above mentioned was taken it had just seized a rook. 

Mr. Wm. Talbot in his ‘ Birds of Wakefield’ states that he 
saw one in the flesh which had been shot at Bilham near Doncaster, 
in February 1845. 

Mr. W. H. Raw of Lealholme near Yarm has a fine specimen 
which he shot in Fryup, in the year 1866. 

Mr. Cordeaux in his ‘ Birds of the Humber District’ (1872) 
says that Mr. W. W. Boulton of Beverley informed him that it 
is not unfrequently seen near there, and that he has had several 
during the last few years shot near the river Hull and at Spurn 
Point. 

Mr. F.G. S. Rawson of Halifax informs me that one was 
shot at Ovenden in 1873. 

In 1874 Mr. R. Richardson of Beverley (to whom I am 
indebted for the information) had two females sent to him for 
preservation. One of these was shot at Killinwick on the 6th of 
June and is now in the possession of Mr. F. Boyes. The other, 
obtained at Flamborough on the 30th of October, is in the 
collection of Mr. R. Crowe. 

At the meeting of the York and District Field Naturalists’ 
Society on the 14th of November 1877, Mr. Helstrip exhibited 
a fine example shot near York. 

In the collection of Mr. Matthew Bailey of Flamborough is 
a bird of this species shot by the fisherman Leng on the 2rtst of 
December 1878, whilst close to the Flamborough Lighthouse. 
Mr. Bailey has kindly acquainted me with this interesting 
occurrence. 


16 CLARKE: THE BIRD OF YORKSHIRE. 


Mr. R. Richardson of Beverley informs me that he preserved 
a female for Mr. R. H. Barugh of Bridlington, which had been 
shot on the 7th of June 1879. 

In addition to the above instances, the Hobby is reported to 
have occurred in the undermentioned localities, no precise in- 
formation being given :— 

Halifax (Mr. Leyland, 1828); Barden and Bolton (Mr. H. 
Denny, 1840); Kirklees and Castle Hill, near Huddersfield 
(Mr. Inchbald, 1859) ; Killingbeck, near Leeds (Mr. John Dixon, 
1853); Carlton and the moors West of Barnsley (Mr. T. Lister) ; 
Bridlington (Mr. M. Lawson, 1879); Stainland (Mr. C. C. Han- 
son, 1879); a summer visitor to Scarborough but not plentiful 
(Mr. A. Roberts, 1879). 


FALCO VESPERTINUS L. 
Red-footed Falcon. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


In the year 1830 this species, which appears to have been 
to this date an entire stranger to Britain, occurred almost simul- 
taneously in this county and in Norfolk. The first of these 
occurrences took place in our county in the month of April, when 
a male was shot near Doncaster, which was reported to the 
Linnean Society at its meeting on the rst of May 1832 (Transac- 
tions, xvii. p. 533) ina letter from Mr. H.S. Foljambe. Four 
specimens were shot in Norfolk during the following month. 

Since 1830 it is reported to have been obtained on twelve 
different occasions. One in the Sheffield museum, said to have been 
killed in that neighbourhood, is recorded in the Zoologist (1843, 
p. 247) by Mr. Heppenstall. 

In May 1844 a fine female was shot in Stainer Wood, near 
Selby, by a gamekeeper of the Right Hon. E. R. Petre. It passed 
into the possession of Mr. Massey Hutchinson of Selby (Zoologist, 


1844, p. 654). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. SeriesB 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


Be Ou 1S Fl 1 FE 
MeO RALTISTS UNION. 


Series C: 


INVERTEBRATA: 


(eh SiVvE. OF THE ARDICULAT A): 


; The Conchological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 

Union was founded by a vote of the Council of the Union on the 
2nd of December, 1876, and at the same time Messrs. William 
Nelson of Leeds and Joseph Wilcock of Wakefield were appointed 
the nucleus of the committee, with power to add to their number. 


The Section first met at Pontefract on the 2nd of April, 1877, 
when Mr. Nelson was elected president, and Mr. Henry Crowther, 
of Leeds, secretary; and a small committee was also appointed. 


Other meetings were held in the year 1877, at Wetherby 
(May 22), Wakefield, for Nostell Priory (June 16), Saltaire, for 
Shipley Glen (july 14), Goole (August 6), and Copley, for Norland 
and’Greetland Moors (September 8). 


The First Annual Meeting of the Section was held at 
Wakefield, on the 6th of October, 1877, when the President and 
Secretary were re-elected. The annual report of the Section 
stated that 28 species and varieties of recent and 6 species of 
fossil mollusca had been observed at the meetings. 


Mr. Crowther afterwards resigned the secretaryship, and on 
the z2nd of April, 1878, at Pontefract, Mr. John W. Taylor, of 
Leeds, was elected to that office. 

It was arranged that prior to commencing the series of 
annual reports, a preliminary review of the present state of 
knowledge should be prepared by the Officers of the Section, for 
publication in the ‘ Transactions.’ 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877, Gr 


2 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORT 


OF THE 


CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION: 
PSL 


ANNOTATED LIST OF THE 
LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA 
KNOWN TO INHABIT YORKSHIRE. 


By W. NELSON Anp J. W. TAYLOR, LEEDs, 
President and Secretary of the Conchological Section, 


In preparing the annual report on the Mollusca (Land and 
Freshwater) inhabiting Yorkshire, it appears to us of primary im- 
portance first to issue an annotated list of the species at present 
known to occur in our county, asa basis for future research. 
Feeling as we do that generalizations as to the range or distribution 
of species are unwarranted, and may in certain cases lead to 
serious error, unless based upon an extensive and widespread 
series of reliable observations, we have therefore carefully collected 
all accessible records and added thereto the observations of our- 
selves and others. We also purpose continuing the good work 
begun by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys of reducing to the synonymy of widely 
distributed European species many of the forms described as 
distinct by American and other authors. We shall, in addition, 
draw attention to doubtful allocations, and in cases where there 
are conflicting opinions, or the identity of species is first suggested 
by ourselves, we intend to reproduce the descriptions, so that our 
readers may be able to follow their own judgment as to their 
identity or otherwise, though we point out all cases that seem to 
us improbable or erroneous. 

For nomenclature and classification Jeffreys’ ‘ British Concho- 
logy’ is adopted as a basis, occasion being taken to incorporate 
such information as we have acquired in the nine years which 
have elapsed since Jeffreys published his supplement, mainly the 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1877. Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA, 3 


results of an extended and careful study of the Pulmonate group, 
to which our own observations have been more particularly 
directed. 

We must also express our thanks to numerous friends, 
especially to Mr. W. Denison Roebuck of Leeds, Dr. Parsons, 
F.G.S., of Goole, and Mr. J. D. Butterell of Hull, for their kind 
and prompt response to our request for co-operation. 

~ Localities not our own have affixed to them the initials of the 
conchologist from whom we have received the information. We do 
not however in any case pledge ourselves to the correctness of 
the identification where the sign of verification (!) is not given. 


EXPLANATION OF INITIALS AFFIXED TO LOCALITIES. 


C.A.—Charles Ashford, of London (2.7%.C., i. 19). 
J.D.W.—J. Darker Butterell, of Hull. 

W.H.8.—W, H. Broadhead, of Leeds. 

J.B.—James Beevers, of Leeds. 

W.B.—W, Bean, of Scarboro’ (Theakston’s Guide to Scarboro’). 
T.W.B.—T. W. Bell, of Leeds. 

H.C.—Henry Crowther, of Leeds. 

J.C.—J. Conacher, junr., of Huddersfield. 

R.M.C.—R. M. Christy, of Brighton. 

J. Dal.—Revy. J. Dalton (Mag. N. H. and Nat. 1859). 
J.D.—John Dixon, of Leeds. 

D. and W.—Dixon and Watson, ‘ British Land and Freshwater Shells.’ 
J.E.—J. Emmett, of Boston Spa. 

J.S.G.—J. S. Gibbons, M.B., of Southampton. 
J.G.—John Grassham, of Leeds. 

J. W.—Joseph Hebden, of Wakefield. 

R. W.M.—Rey. R. W. Maxwell, of Goole. 

H.P.—H, Pollard, of Leeds. 

L.P.—Lister Peace, of Huddersfield. 

H.F.P.—H. Franklin Parsons, M.D., F.G.S., of Goole. 
W.D.R.—W. Denison Roebuck, of Leeds. 
R.S.—Robert Scharff, of Bordeaux. 

H.S.—H. Shaw, of Leeds. 

A.P.T,—A, Peckett Taylor, of Mapplewell. 

G.T.—G. Taylor, of Wakefield. 

J.W.—J. Wilcock, of Wakefield. 

J-Wh.—J. Whitwham, of Huddersfield. 


4 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA, 


For convenience’ sake we have thought it desirable to 
classify the records according to locality. The map contemplated 
by the Union not yet being published, we have been led to make 
for our purpose a division of the county into 24 Districts, based 
upon its physical configuration; note being also taken as far as 
possible of the geological features. In tracing the boundaries of 
the various districts, it has been found desirable to adopt arbitrary 
and easily defined lines where nearly coincident with the true 
line. The central district is almost entirely defined in this 
manner, while the other districts can be very conveniently based 
on the river-basin system. 

The manufacturing districts of the South-West being much 
more minutely investigated than other parts of the county, 
subdivision has been carried to a greater extent in this part. 

In defining the following districts we have not space to do 
more than give a sufficient indication to enable our teaders to 
trace them for themselves with the aid of the Union Map (when 
published), of those of ‘West Yorkshire,” and other documents. 


Of the 24 Districts, 22 drain eastward into the German Ocean, 
while the following 2 are in the 
WESTERN DRAINAGE SVSTEW: 
I. Mersey.—The Saddleworth district is separated from 
the remainder of the county by the water-shed line on the crest of 
Standedge Moors. 


2. Lune and Ribble.—Separated from the rest of the 
county by the water-shed line running nearly due N. and S. 


EASTERN DRAINAGE SVSTEWM. 


3. Vale of York.—Bounded by the Railway from Arth- 
ington past Knaresbro’, Boroughbridge and Malton as far as 
Burdale Station—thence by road S.W. past Raisthorpe, Gills, 
Pluckham, Huggate, Warter, Burnby, Hayton and Beilby, to 
Harlthorpe Station—thence by the Railway through Selby to 
Crossgates Station—thence by water-shed line to Arthington, 

4, Humber.— Bounded on the North by the Central 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON VORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 5 


District; on the East by the rail from Hayton to Market Weighton, 
and thence by the East bank of the Market Weighton Canal; and 
on the West by the Roman road from Micklefield to Castleford, 
thence road through Houghton to Pontefract, rail to Snaith, and 
thence to Adlingfleet. 


5. Hatfield and Thorne.—Adlingfleet to Snaith--thence 
South bank of Don to Doncaster, and rail to Bawtry. 


6. Trent.—Rail from Bawtry to Doncaster, thence South 
bank of Don to Sheffield and rail southward to county boundary. 


7. Went Vale.—-Rail from Pontefract to Snaith, thence 
South bank of Don to Doncaster, road to Hickleton, water-shed 
line to Crofton Station and rail to Pontefract. 


8. Dearne.—“Went Vale” boundary from Doncaster to 
Crofton, thence water-shed line by Ryhill and Notton to Stain- 
cross, along Woolley Edge to Midgley, through Denby Grange to 
Shelley and Denby Dale Station, thence by rail nearly to the 
Don, water shed to Wortley and through Wortley Park to West- 
wood Station, thence to Rotherham, and South bank of Don to 
Doncaster. 


8. Don.—Rail northwards from the county boundary to 
Sheffield, thence South bank of Don to Rotherham, “ Dearne” 
boundary to Shelley and along the water-shed line to the county 
boundary at Ramsden Edge. 


10. Colne.—County boundary from Ramsden Edge to 
Cumberworth, Shelley and Kirkburton, thence to Cooper Bridge 
Station, thence water-shed line westward to the county boundary 
on Blackstone Edge. 


ll. Upper Calder.— Bounded on the South by the 
“Colne” district, thence rail from Cooper Bridge Station past 
Mirfield and Heckmondwike to Low Moor and Bierley, thence 
water-shed line to county boundary on Haworth Moor. 


12. Lower Calder.—Rail from Crofton to Pontefract, 
thence road to Houghton and Castleford, rail by Stanley and 
Ardsley to Tong, thence to Bierley, and rail by Heckmondwike to 


6 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Kirkburton, thence water-shed line by Shelley, Denby Grange, 
Midgley, Woolley Edge, Staincross, Notton and Ryhill to Crofton 
Station. 

13. Airedale.—“Upper” and “Lower Calder” boundary 
from Lancashire to Castleford, Roman road to Micklefield, ‘‘ Vale 
of York” boundary to Arthington, and water-shed to Ilkley Moor, 
thence turning to Keighley Moor and Lancashire Border. 

14. Malhamdale.—A watershed district, being the upper 
portion of Airedale, separated from District 13 by the water-shed 
line from Ilkley Moor to Keighley Moor. 

15. Wharfedale.—The basin of the Wharfe, separated 
from the ‘Vale of York” by the railway at Arthington and Weeton. 

i6. Nidderdale.—Separated from the “Vale of York” 
by the railway at Knaresbro’. 

17. Wensleydale.—Separated from the “Vale of York” 
by the Knaresbro’ and Boroughbridge Railway. 

18. Swaledale.—Separated from the “Vale of York” by the 
rail from Coxwold to Boroughbridge. 

19. Upper Tees.—The upper penien of the Tees basin 
as far East as Hornby. 

20. Lower Tees.—The lower portion of the Tees basin; 
also including all the country drained by the streams falling into 
the sea North of Flat Scar, near Saltburn. 

21. Eskdale.—The country drained by streams seen 
Flat Scar and Old Peak, South of Robin Hood’s Bay. 

22. Upper Derwent.—-Separated from the central 
district by the rail from Coxwold to Wharram-—also includes the 
coast line from Old Peak to Beighton. 

23. Chalk Wolds.—East bank of Market Weighton 
Canal to Market Weighton, and rail to Hayton, thence “Vale of 


York” boundary to Wharram, thence road to Sledmere, Foxholes, 
Wold Newton and Beighton to sea. For East boundary see next 
district. 

24. Holderness.—Separated from District 23 by the rail 
from Bridlington Quay to Lowthorpe and the West bank of the 
river Hull from Lowthorpe to Hull town, 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. qf 


Crass CONCHIFERA. 
OrndDER’ LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 
Family SPHARIIDA. 

Genus SPHATRIUM, Scopoli. 


A group of widely diffused bivalves, whose metropolis ap- 
pear to be in the Western Hemisphere. 


There are four British species, all of which are found within 
the limits of our county, inhabiting ponds or canals, though 
occasionally met with in quickly running streams, 


Mr. Temple Prime, in his ‘Monograph of the American 
Corbiculadze,’ proposed an arrangement of Sperium which would 
separate our British species into two distinct genera having as 
their types Z. corneum, S., and S. lacustre, Mull. 


As will be seen, we have reduced to the rank of synonyms 
several shells described as distinct by American authors, two at 
least of which, S. ovale, Fér., and S. Piszdtoides, Gray, are now 
pretty generally allowed to have been introduced from the New 
World. 

It is to be regretted that in the county we have no special 
student of this and the allied groups, which may account for the 
comparative paucity of the records, our own attention being more 
specially directed to the Pulmonifera. 


Spheerium corneum, (L.) 


Spherium Vermontanum, Prime. 


Lovell Reeve, in his ‘ British Land and Freshwater Shells,’ 
says this species is closely represented in the United States by Say’s 
C. partumeia; this is however erroneous, S. partumeium, Say, 
being synonymous with S. Zacustre, Mill., as shown hereafter, 

It is however closely allied to, if not identical with, S. shom- 


boideum, Say, as pointed out by Dr. Jeffreys, in his ‘Comparison 
of the Mollusca of Europe and Eastern North America’. 


8 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


3. Vale of York—Tadcaster, H.C. Wetherby, H.C. 

4. Humber—Milford! Knottingley, J.W. Hambleton! Selby! Goole, 
common, R.W.M. 

6. Trent—Conisbro’, J.W. 

7. Went Vale—Ackworth, common, C.A., Norton! Pontefract ! Bentley 
near Doncaster. 

8. Dearne—Canal, Barnsley ! 

10. Colne—Luddenden, J.C-, Huddersfield, plentiful, J. Wh. 


12. Lower Calder—New Miller Dam, J.W. Canal at Wakefield! Canal, 
Normanton. 


13. Airedale—Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Bingley! Kirkstall! Rodley ! 
Swillington! stream, Castleford ! Rothwell, H.S. 

17. Wensleydale—Birk Rigg, H.C. Ripon, common, J.D. River Ure at 
Coyer Bridge ! 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 

23. Chalk Wolds—Brantingham, abundant, J.D.B. Brough! 

24. Holderness—Barmston and Skidby Drains, J.D.B. 


Var. flavescens, Macgill. 


4. Huimber—Goole, R.W.M. 
10. Colne—-Canal, Huddersfield, plentiful, J. Wh.. 


Var. Pisidio!des, Gray=Spherium Vermontanum, Prime. 
This variety is, according to Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, identical 
with .S. Vermontanum, Prime. An inhabitant of Lake Champlain 
and Vermont. 
10. Colne—Deighton, J. Wh. 


a 
Spheerium rivicola, (Leach). 


Closely represented in the Western Hemisphere by the S 
dentatum of Prime, a very nearly allied species, which appears 
to differ only in its smaller size and rather more abruptly truncate 
posterior margin, judging from specimens received from Mr. 
Hemphill, of California, and collected in that region. S. 77vcola is 
interesting in having been first collected in England at Doncaster, 
but the localities where it has been found in the county are as yet 
but few. 


Trans Y.N.Us, 1877 Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR! ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 9 


. Vale of Yora—River Foss, York, W-H.B. 

Dearne—Canal, Barnsley ! River Don, Doncaster, H-F.P. 

10. Colne—Elland (now extinct) J.C. 

12. Lower Calder—New Miller Dam,J,W. Canal, Normanton! Canal at 
Heath ! 

13. Airedale—Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Bingley! Shipley, H.P., Armley! 
Leeds ! 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


wm Ww 


“on 


Spherium ovale, (Fé) 


Cyclas transversa, Say. 
Cyclas constricta, Anthony. 


This elegant shell is of a type found in South America and 
West Indies ; it is identical with S. transversum, Say, and is sup- 
posed to have been introduced into this country. 

Mr. Anthony’s C. coustricta is a malformed specimen of this 
species, with the valves constricted by a furrow up the centre of 
each valve. 

Dr. Gray supposed this species to be allied to S. rhombotzeum, 
Say, an error pointed out by Dr. Jeffreys, that species being very 
near to if not identical with S. corneum. 


4. Humber—Goole, R.W.M. 
8. Dearne—Canal at Barnsley ! 
12. Lower Calder—Cana! at Normanton! Brighouse! 


“0. 


Spherium lacustre, (Miill.) 
Cyclas partumeia, Say ! 


Cyclas securis, Prime. - 
Cyclas truncata, Linsley. 


Dr. Jeffreys regards C. partumetum, Say, as a synonym of this 
species, a view in which we coincide. He also considers S. 
truncatuit, Linsley, as a variety. 

From a study and comparison of the description of JZ. 
lenticula, Gould, we are inclined to regard it also as another form 
of S. dacustre. 

A variety found near Huddersfield by Mr. Whitwham and 
suLmitted to us, closely agrees with the description of Prime’s 


10 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA, 


S. Jfayanum, we however have not had the opportunity of com- 

paring with authentic specimens of Prime’s species. 

3. Vale of York—Newton Kyme! 

4. Humber—Ferrybridge ! 

7. Went Vale—Stagnant pond, Ackworth, scarce, C.A. 

10. Colne—Farnley Tyas, J.Wh. 

12. Lower Calder—Pond at Sandal. 

13. Airedale—Ponds, Halton ! Canal, Kirkstall ! Stream, Roundhay ! Pond 
Scarcroft ! 

17. Wensleydale—Seven-ponds, North Stainley, J.D. 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 

23. Chalk Wolds—Spring-dyke, ‘small, whitish and semi-transparent,’ J.D.B. 


Var. Ryckholtii, Norm.=Spheerium securis, Prime. 
The 5S. securzs of Prime, a native of North America, is con- 
sidered synonymous with this variety by Dr. Jeffreys. 


10. Colne—Farnley Tyas, J.Wh. 
13. Airedale--Ponds, Halton ! 


GOs 
Genus PISIDIUM, C. Pfeiffer. 

As in Spherium, there are several species of this puzzling 
group common to both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, 
though like Prof. Forbes, Mr. Temple Prime, a great authority 
on the Corbiculade, regards the American forms as representative 
only. 

The result of our own examination of the species which we 
possess leads us to regard several of the forms as identical with 
our species, a view in which we are supported by the opinion of 
Dr. Jeffreys, Dr. Baudon, &c. 

Considerable confusion exists in this genus on account of the 
great variability of the species, and consequently nearly every 
author has different views of the limits of specific range. 


Pisidium amnicum, (Mill) 
Pisidium dubium, Say. 
According to Dr. Jeffreys, Pestdium dubtum of Say, perhaps 
better known as L. vérginicum, Bourg., is the same as this species, 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE. MOLLUSCA. II 


No varieties of this fine shell have been designated by British 
authors ; continental conchologists, however, describe eight or 
more, several of them as distinct species.) We have no doubt 
some of these will be found in Yorkshire by attention being 


drawn to them. 


4. Humber—Goole. common, R.W.M. 

7. Went Vale—Stream, Bentley ! 

8. Dearne—Canal, Cudworth ! 

10. Co/ne—Elland, common, J, Wh. 

11. Upper Calder-—Halifax ! 

12. Lower Calder—New Miller Dam, J.W. Canal, Stanley ! Canal, Heath ! 

13. Airedale —Bingley, J.W. Canal, Armley, H.S.! Kirkstall, 1.S.! New- 
sam Green, H.S.! Oulton! 

17. Wensleydale—River Ure at Coverbridge ! 

15. Wharfedale—River Wharfe at Otley, H.S. ! 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 

24. Holderness—Barmston Drain, J.D.B. Leven Canal, J.D.B, 


Oe 
Pisidium fontinale, (Drap.) 


Pisidium Adamsi, Prime. 


Dr. Jeffreys reduces to the rank of a synonym of this species 
the P. Adamsi of Prime, a native of North America. 

A specimen of this species found at Bentley, near Doncaster 
exhibits a constriction of the front margin, a peculiarity that 
has been made use of by many authors as a basis to describe 
many new species of Sphzeriidee, the present specimen being the 


Lisidium sinuatum of Bourg. 


3. Vale of York—Knaresbro’! Tadcaster, H.C. 

7. Went Vale—Common in ponds, Ackworth, C.A. 

10. Co/ne—Canal, Elland, common, J.Wh. 

12. Lower Calder—New Miller Dam, J.W. Pond, Sandal, J.H. 
13. Airedale—Roundhay Lake! 


Var. Henslowana, (Shepp.) 
This is regarded by some authors as distinct, seven varieties 
being enumerated by continental conchologists, some of them 


destitute of the umbonal appendages. 


6. Trent—Conisbro’, J.W. 


7. Went Vale—Artificial stream, Ackworth, common, C.A. Laminar um- 
bonal appendage but slightly developed. 


12. Lower Calder—Wakefield and Barnsley Canal, J.H. 
13. Airedale—Newsam Green, H1.S.! Osmondthorpe! 
24 Holderness—Leven Canal, J.D. 


I2 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Var. pulchellum, Jenyns. 


12. Lower Calder—Ossett, L.P. 
13. Airedale—Pond at Potternewton ! 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Var. cinereum, Alder. 
Pisidium abditum, Hald.! 

We are of opinion that Haldeman’s P. abditum is the same as 
this species, judging from a study of the description contained in 
Prime’s ‘Monograph of the Corbiculadz’ which we reproduce 
below, and a comparison of authentic specimens received through 
the kindness of Prof. Bolles of Maine. 


PISIDIUM ABDITUM, Haldeman.—Shell rounded-oval elon- 
gated, very inequilateral, moderately convex, margins well rounded, 
beaks placed nearer the posterior side, small, slightly raised; 
surface smooth, striz not distinct, epidermis variable, generally 
light straw color; hinge-margin very nearly straight; cardinal teeth 
small, separate, the anterior tooth larger and more prominent ; 
lateral teeth small, not much elongated. 


13. Airedale—Leventhorpe, common! Stream, Potternewton 
17. Wensleydale—Snape, H.C.! 
22. Derwent --Scarbro’", W.D. 


=) ==> 


Pisidium pusillum, (Gmelin). 

Dr. Jeffreys places in the synonymy of this species the 
Pisidium abditum, Hald. We are unable to agree with this view, 
but consider it the same as P. cimereum, Alder, as pointed out 
under the head of that variety. i 
. Vale of York—Pannal, W.D.R.! Wetherby! 

. Went Vale—Ponds, Hazelgreen, near Ackworth, C.A. 

10. Colne—Hey Wood, local, J.Wh. 

12. Lower Calder—Stanley! Wakefield! 

13. Airedale—Neville Hill, near Leeds! Osmondthorpe! Scarcroft ! 


“I G2) 


22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 
24. Holderness—Leven Canal, J.D.B., Keyingham Drain, J.D.B. 


Var. obtusalis, C. Pfeiffer. 


Pisidium ferrugineum, Prime. 
Pisidium ventricosum, Prime. 


Considerable diversity of opinion prevails as to the identity 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 13 


of this form with those inhabiting North America; Dr. Baudon, 
a great authority on this subject, regards P. ventrzcosum of Prime, 
a native of Massachusetts, as the same species, while Dr. Gwyn 
Jeffreys, disagreeing with this view, thinks P. ferrugineum of 
Prime more properly referable to it. 


Judging from a comparison of the descriptions and figures, 
with authentic specimens of P. obtusale, we incline to the 
opinion of Dr Jeffreys, but not having had opportunity of 
comparing authentic specimens of the objects themselves, we 
cannot speak confidently. 


We append the descriptions of P. ferrugineum and P., 
wentricosum. 


PISIDIUM FERRUGINEUM, Prime.—Shell small, rounded-oval, 
globose, slightly inequilateral; anterior side somewhat produced; 
margins rounded; beaks tubercular at apex, very distant; surface 
smooth; epidermis light yellow; hinge-margin rounded; cardinal 
teeth large, separate, anterior tooth more prominent; lateral teeth 
distinct. 


PISIDIUM VENTRICOSUM, Prime.—Shell small, rounded-oval, 
globose, ventricose, somewhat oblique, slightly inequilateral, 
anterior side produced, posterior subtruncate; beaks small, pro- 
tuberant, distant, situated towards the posterior side; surface 
smooth, yellow; hinge-margin curved; cardinal teeth separate; 
lateral teeth short. 

13. Airedale—Leventhorpe! 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Pisidium nitidum, Jenyns. 
Allied to Pescdium ceguilaterale of Prime, a North American 

species. 

6. Trent—Conisbro’, J.W. 

7. Went YVale—Ackworth, rare, C.A. 

10. Co/ne—Elland Canal, common, J.Wh. 

11. Upper Calder—Luddenden, J.C. 

13. Airedale—Bingley, J.H. 

17. Wensleydale—North Stainley, D. and W. 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


24. Holderness—Spring Dyke, J.D.B., Skidby Drain, J.D.B., Keyingham 
Drain, J.D.B, ; 


T4 ‘NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Pisidium roseum, Scholtz. 

We incline to regard this shell as having its affinities more 
with P. fontinale, Drap., in accordance with the views of Scholtz, 
the author of the species, rather than with P. nxtidum, Jenyns, 
as held by Dr. Jeffreys. | 


7. Went Vale—Stream, Bentley, near Doncaster ! 


10. 


Family UNIONIDA:. 

The lakes and rivers of the Western Hemisphere harbour 
great numbers of this group; comprising, according to the enu- 
meration of Dr. Isaac Lea of Philadelphia, 720 species, divided 
into a great number of genera, and exhibiting a very great variation 
in size, solidity and exterior form and sculpture. 

The total number found in Germany, according to Kreglinger, 
's fifteen, of which we have but five in England. 


Genus UNIO, Philippson. 

The three species found in this country are all recorded for 
our county. The U. mazgaritifer has been placed in another 
genus, J/argaritana, Schumacher, by some authors, mainly on 
account of the less developed posterior tooth. 


10: 
Unio tumidus, Philippson. 


Only one variety—the U. radiata of Jeffi—has been found 
in Yorkshire, out of the many forms that have been described by 
British and continental authors. 


This and the following species belong to the genus Zymanzum, 

Oken. 

4. Humber—Goole, R.W.M. 

7. Went Vale—River Went! 

8. Learne—Boat pond by Canal, Doncaster, H.F.P. 

12. Lower Calder—Agbrigg ! 
13. Airedale—Canal, Kirkstall! Redley! 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’", W.P. (as U. vestvatts, Studer). 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877, Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA, 15 


Var. radiata, Jeffreys. 


12. Lower Calder—New Miller Dam, J.W., Canal, Agbrigg! River Went, 
not uncommon, C.A. 


Unio pictorum, (L.) 

Five varieties of this species are enumerated by Moquin 
Tandon, in addition to which Dr. Jeffreys and others describe 
four more, none of which have as yet been recorded as found in 
Yorkshire. In addition to these, nine varieties are described of 
Unio Requienit, Michaud, a species regarded by Reeve as synony- 
mous with U. pectorum, L. 


4. Humber—Goole, R.W.M. 
7. Went Vale—River Went. 
8. Dearne—Canal, Barnsley! Boat pond by Canal, Doncaster, H.F.P. 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Unio margaritifer, (1.) 
Margaritana arcuata, Barnes! 

The JZ. arcuata of Barnes, a native of North America, is 
synonymous with this species, and frequents rocky streams by 
preference near the sea coast as in our own country. 

This species belongs to Schumacher’s genus Jargaritana. 


21. Eskdale—Kiver Esk, plentiful, D. & W. 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Var. Roissyi, Michaud. 
Yorkshire, Sowerby (Jeff. Brit. Con., i., 38). 


Var. sinuata, Lamarck. 
ar. Eskdale—River Esk, H.C. 

Some authors regard this variety as distinct and place it in 
another genus—Lymniwm, Oken—associated with U. pictorum, U. 
tumidus, &C., on account of the development of the posterior 
lateral tooth, and a variety of it—compressa—is described. 


16 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Genus ANODONTA, Lamarck. 
Anodonta cygnea, (L.) 


Anodonta fluviatilis, Lea! 
Ancdonta implicata, Say. 

Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys regards 4. fuziatilis, Lea, as synonymous 
with A. cygnea, L., a view with which we agree. The A. zmflicata, 
Say, he also thinks is a variety. 

4. Humber—Goole, R.W.M., Selby Canal, H.F.P., Moat of Cawood 
Castle, H.F.P. 


7. Went Vale—Nostell, C.A., Tlemsworth Reservoir, C.A., Bentley! 
Campsall Park, J.C., River Went, J.Wh.! 


8. Dearne—Parnsley Canal! 

12. Lower Cader—New Miller Dam, J.W. Wakefield and Barnsley Canal! 

13. Airedale—Canal, Armley! Rodley! Killingbeck, nr. Leeds! Shepherd’s 
Pond, Camp Road, Leeds! Halton! Roundhay Park! 

22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


24. Holderncss—Hornsea Mere, J.D.B., Leven Canal, J.D.B., Barmston 
Drain, J.D.B., Risby Park Pond, fine, J.D.B. 


Var. incrassata, (Sheppard). 
7. Went Vale—Nostel, J.C. 
2. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Var. Zellensis, (Gmelin). 
10. Cofne—Abundant at Elland, J.Wh. 
22, Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


NO 


Ancdonta anatina, (L.) 
This form is, according to many conchologists, only a variety 
of A. cygnea, L., the variability of that species being notoriously - 
great. 


4. Humber—Goole, R.W.M. 
8. Dearne—Canal, Barnsley, J.1. 


to 


2. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 
24. Holderness—Hornsea Mere, J.D.B. 


Var. radiata, (Mull) 
_ 8. Dearne—Canal, Barnsley, J.H. 


Var. ventricosa, C. Pir. 
22. Derwent—Scarbro’, W.B. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1877, Series C 


RAN SACTEONS 


OF THE 


YORKSHIRE 
NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


eo — — == = 


Series D: 


ARTICULATA: 


(INSECTA, MYRIAPODA, CRUSTACEA & ARACHNIDA.) 


oa = = 


The Entomological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union was founded by a vote of the Council of the Union on 
Dec. 2nd, 1876, and at the same time Messrs. William Prest, of 
York, and G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., of Huddersfield, were appointed 
the nucleus of the committee, with power to add to their number, 

The Section held its first meeting at Pontefract on April 2nd, 
1877, when Mr, Prest was elected president and Mr. Porritt 
secretary, with a Committee including about 24 entomologists in 
various parts of the county. 


The First Annual Meeting of the Section was held at 
Wakefield, on the 6th of October, 1877, when the President and. 
Secretary were re-elected. 


The preparation of the Reports was placed in the hands of 
various members, each taking a definite group of insects. It was 
also decided not to confine the scope of the Reports to the work 
done at the meetings, but to include therein all that had been 
done within the county. The orders reported upon for 1877 
were :— 


Macro-lepidoptera ... eee Vile Grou lin Onnitiy ellen Se 
Micro-lepidoptera aa Mr. William Prest. 
Diptera a3 coq. Wik 1S), JE, eros: 


Mr. S. L. Mosley. 


Mr. W. Denison Roebuck. 
Mr. 8. D. Bairstow, 


Hemiptera Homoptera 
Family Psyllidee 


Hymenoptera 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877, D1, 


£2 


VORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORTS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION: 
E270. 


SS = = =——— — = — 


YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA In 1877. 


By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., HupprErsFre.n. 


Secretary of the Entomological Section. 


The universal testimony of our Yorkshire  lepidopterists 
seems to be that the season of 1877 has been one of the worst 
ever experienced. - We may add also that this, judging from the 
records, has been the case not only in our own county but 
throughout the country. No doubt a good many circumstances 
tended to bring about this unfortunate state of things, and two of 
them have been evident enough. In the first place it must be 
remembered that during the best part of the summer of 1876 
rain (which has always been considered the worst enemy to 
lepidopterous life) fell incessantly for weeks, and must have 
prevented even the depositing of millions of eggs; and of those 
that were deposited, if hatched at all, the young larvze would only 
emerge to be drowned in thousands. After this we could not have 
expected 1877 to be very prolific in moths, even had the weather 
turned- out everything to be desired; but when it proved, as it 
did, almost the rainiest year on record in Yorkshire, and notably 
so in the West Riding, having very few consecutive fine days 
throughout the whole year, the wonder is that lepidoptera have 
existed at all. Another reason is, that “sugar,” the Noctua 
hunter’s indispensable bait, and to ‘which, two years ago, Noctuze 
flocked in myriads almost the whole season through, has this year 
been an utter failure, and as great a contrast to 1875 as could 
possibly be imagined. Night after night, and month after month, 
did we go out and bait our trees most deliciously, but often, 
nay generally, not a moth, good, bad, or indifferent, would appear 
for our pains, i : 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877. Series D, 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA .IN 1877. 3 


Had the season been a good, or even an average one, the task 
of writing the first paper for our “Transactions,” on behalf of 
the Entomological Section, would have been an easy and 
pleasant one; but as it is there is little to write about, and had 
it not.been for the most extraordinary and exceptional occurrence 
of Colzas Edusa, the record would have been barren indeed. 


SPECIES NEW TO THE COUNTY, 


One species only has been taken which is quite new to the 
Sy Viz. :— 
: Carsia imbutata. 


This good addition to our list was taken by Mr. Charles 
Smethurst, of Leeds, on Goole Moor, on the occasion of the 
excursion of the Union to Goole, on Bank Holiday, August 6th. 
When we remember that the only addition made to our list last year, 
namely, Lupithecia subciliata, was taken by him at Aldborough 
on a similar occasion, and singularly also on the August Bank 
Holiday, we must feel how valuable our excursions are in leading 
us out of the old beaten tracks; and even then, what can be done 
even in a few hours when a number are enthusiastically bent on 
the same object. Asie | 

NEW LOCALITIES. 

The species interesting as having been taken in new 
localities in the county are (exclusive of Colas Edusa and its 
variety Helice, of which we shall say more afterwards) :— 


Species. New Locality. Captor. 
Pericallia syringaria... Barnsley .... .... John Harrison. 
Geometra papilionaria Barnsley... John Harrison. 
Hyria auroraria ee Coole saerteies Vorkse Nateomuions 


~Acidalia fumata ... Shipley Glen, Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
ae Bradford Union. 


WearertianceeSlatas\)..0. 0 VOuk... we William Prest. 

Eupithecia linariata.... Barnsley ... .... John Harrison. 

Eupithecia pulchellata | Barnsley... John Harrison. 

Eupitheciatrisignata... Sharlston, Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Wakefield Union. 


Notodonta dicteoides Barnsley... ... George Jackson and 
5G ai : John Harrison, 
° 


4 PORRITT ; YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA .IN 1877, 


Epecies. Mew Locality. Capter. 
Notodonta ziczac ... Barnsley ... ... John Harrison. 
Cymatophora fluctuosa Barnsley .... .... John Harrison, 
NETOMy cia leporina ja. ebatticley een 4-7) olam@elacrisons 
Caradrina Morpheus.. Huddersfield ... G. T. Porritt. 
‘Cucullia verbasci <.. Selby  .:.... . Dhomas Foster, 
Cucullia chamomille.. leeds  .,.... Alfred Denny. 
Stilbia anomala =. Lonipley, Bradtord J. Wey Garter, 


The more particularly noteworthy of these are: 

Fiyria auroraria, taken on the occasion of the Union’s 
visit to Goole Moor, on August 6th, and making only the second 
locality for the species in Yorkshire. 

Larentia ceesiata. York is an out-of-the-way place for this, 
though it abounds in our stony moorland districts. 

Cymatcphora fluctuosa is a good addition to the Barnsley 
fauna, and is more satisfactory from having been bred from several 
larvee beaten out of birches. 

Stilbia anomala is perhaps the most interesting of all, as 
being not only new to Bradford but to the West Riding, previously 
having only occurred on our east coast. 


ABUNDANCE OF COLIAS EDUSA. 

In looking over the rarities that our county has produced 
Curing the year, the species that stands out pre-eminently before 
all others, not for its greater rarity, but on account of the interest 
attaching to it, is undoubtedly Colas Hdusa. So much has been 
said and written on this, the most extraordinary visitation of this 
species, not only in Yorkshire’ but throughout the whole of 
Britain, ever remembered by our oldest lepidopterists, (nor can 
any previous record be found of anything approaching it) that all 
of us are thoroughly acquainted not only with the particulars and 
peculiarities of the circumstance, but with the various theories 
advanced to account for it. It is therefore quite unnecessary to 
occupy our limited space with it again. Suffice it to say that the 
species was observed or taken in every part of the county, and in 
most cases in localities where it had never been previously known 
to occur; whilst as to numbers, in one or two instances, single 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1877. Series D. 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877. 5 


collectors secured in a few days perhaps as many as had ever 
been previously taken in the county altogether! 

We had two distinct broods: the. first appearing at the very 
beginning of June, and continuing right through the month, the 
second and more numerous one being on the wing in August and 
September. Both broods occurred in profuse abundance in the 
southern counties of England, notably the second brood, which 
in many localities actually flew in myriads, and many clover fields 
and railwayembankments must have had quite a golden appearance 
from the thousands of #dusa flitting about them. There is little 
doubt that our county’s first brood were stragglers from the South, 
though it certainly is nota little singular that they should be 


observed here as early—on the same day in fact—as they were 
first noticed there. Probably many of the second brood reached 
us in the same manner, though from’ their abundance and 
freshness it is more than probable that. some had been bred with 
us. Our climate generally, however, is such that we dare not 
hope they have established themselves. ‘The variety He/sce was 
apparently not observed in the first brood, but several were taken 
from the secend. The following list is given in chronological 
order as near as can be obtained :— 


No 
| A P ste By WHOM CAPTURED, 
DATE. | LOG MUI: ee OBSERVED, OR RECORDED. 
| is, 
iemepssueeeesuddersield =...) 1. One) =...|' SI. Mosley, 
i) 0 kanes |Searborough ... ... One ...| William Robinson 
” ......|Arthington... ... ...| One?.,| H. Bendelack Hewetson 
pais aeenee ee |Huddersfield ...—.. One ...| John Conacher, jun. 
Se eee | Upper Wortley, Leeds| One ...| Thomas Benn 
[tans aaa | Scarborough fee Phe One @..| William Robinson 
Hoa Geren pBatleyaeeune ets | Onen os. Oscar Waldsmmth 
ae WVTbT | Hsia, Manningham mo coe || OMS aco!) We Ish INeetrore 
5p od Onecagens (Golem ress Onemrs| Ee Hrankiim Parsons 
ee LON sees: \leedls o00 000 coe || OME aca] —— AlDIoVoNME, juan. 
are Bradford eco doo. sol] SOwelall | Wo WY. Cartier 
falRemENG! co d00 One ...| John Spurling and H. Sims 
S eee S58 oh wo) eel) QWO) 2.) Edward. H. Prince 
a 3 | | Middlestown ...... | One ... George Jackson 
Cee aWathueiaee rte One: en DrvPayne 
= { IWeeGlS ccs ten cn || OHS cagl| JO Win, Weslo 
3 Sieh irkheatenh 9) c2-4 724] Oue Richard Jessop 
= Huddersfield ... ... Sevenail | G. Ih, oma 
= | Meanwoed ... :.. ...| One ...| W. E. Clarke 
Armitage Bridge | as One ...| Rev. G. C. B. Madden 
[ IsleyOesge col 0 ---| One s,.\) Bernard: Hartley: 
TREES Aeoane [Leeds ... ... +» | One ...| Wm, Denison Roebuck 


6 PORRITT } YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877. 


: No. 
3 : BY WHOM CAPTURED, 
DAE, LOGIT OL Speck OBSERVED, OR RECORDED. 
mens. 
WINE ZO caococ IO MANGE! G65 bon aool| ONS acoll] IRE Co 12. Jelavents 
5a ROA: terse Saltaire ... 5+ oon || OWS- cool} Olam Iriel 
Aen ciOmeipriad Bolton Abbey ..» «| One?..) George Roberts 
», (End) ...| Huddersfield . ... | Two ...| Walter S. Varley 
Neely areas Barnsley eeeuyeeeee| a One meen Goodyear, 
Wy cccco. Huddersfield ... ... | One ...| James Varley 
ANUS, WE coouss ILO MOOP sos 600-~ on OWS coe 
Boe eT ceantee JNSTIOUNAUOD G55 00 One ...| Charles Smethurst 
ANMEAISE 555000 Arthington... ... ...| Two ...| Matthew Taylor 
glass eataen Scarborough race Three | Henry Marsh 
36 ......, Raskelf, nr. Easingwold| One ...} George Tyers 
SKS) FH cosec Scarborough ...~... | Several] George Tyers 
Rie Dc anayen Askemmcs. | es 90, ee) Ones -el) \Walliam) Nelson 
sae Sy eehaus ANGIE 505) 940.400 d00 One ...| Thomas Grassham 
Over a} William Talbot and Henr 
By ee Olean. Walkem@l@l eo oo con ae Ocean y 
speek eri abaeet Wialkefreld’ 5) ee Two ...| William Talbot 
sind UD Aba cele Gledhow (Leeds) ...| One ...) Thomas Grassham 
Seo Li aaawees Weedsn ie aS eine Two ...| John Grassham 
Np OLO usetere INCI! oo 400) ono gaol! OhKS ooo Lalomay IMiterEs)n 
no 22 coosnat AGEL 3 soy coo coo}, COME cool Georye Wyers 
OF oe edoce Barnsley ... ... ...| One ...| John Harrison 
BO anacen IBGE? 505 aco» ooo || Ome E..P. P. Butterfield 
(September). ISSCIS Goo) Saco. 80581 5080 Several John Grassham 
sys Walkemelldl go 600 Ninet’n| Henry Lumb 
Oct? Sian arin ton epee ODCme-rimlm Gardiner, 
(No date)...... WANING cog | co0 00 One ...| John Harrison 
ear etiaaionn BEATS, aoa. ao0 col] OWS acl) I> Isiraahy 
ppmbneceaane Barnsley... ...~ ... ©| Thirt’en|) E. Massie 
hpi petooe Barnsley ... ... ...| One’ .:.| Messrs. Fogg. and Cook 
statons geese Barnsley... ..,... | Three | W. J. Cope and others 
Ane tiashaad Selby <.. ... «.. «| Lhirty | Thomas Foster 
cele aac st Vork ... «. .- | Com’on| W. Prest and R. Cool 


The few examples of the pale variety He/rce have been taken 
as follows:—One at Richmond on September 27th, by Mr. J. 
Sang, very singularly the only specimen of Colias he saw; two at 
Wakefield in September, by Mr. Henry Lumb, and two -at York 
by Mr. Hind’stwo sons. Full particulars of the captures of many 
of the specimens of Zdusa will be found in Vol. III of the 
“Naturalist.” 


RARITIES IN 1894, 


Amongst the rarities our county has produced ducing the 
year are the following :— 


Oya Hwa wz Ci wae, INGE, Wilkiam: Robison chased and 
nearly captured a Vanessa Antiopa at Harwood Dale, about 
eight miles from Scarborough. 


Traits. Y.N.U,, 1877. Series D, 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877. 7 


A fine Acherontia Atropos was taken at York, September 
14th, by Mr. C. D. Wolstenholme. One was taken at Yeadon 
and is now in the Leeds Naturalists’ Club’s local collection. 


Of Sphinx convolvuli we have four occurrences, viz. :—a 
specimen taken by a boy, at rest on a tree at Heaton, near Bradford, 
recorded by Mr. J. W. Carter; a specimen at York; one at 
Rothwell by Mr. Charles Smethurst ; and lastly a full grown larva 
at Barnsley was brought to Mr. John Harrison. 


Of Sphinx ligustri (which, although a common southern 
moth, is scarce in the north), two larva were found at York by 
Mr. Ripley. 

The 25th of October produced our greatest rarity for the 
year, in two examples of Deiopeia pulchella seen on the wing in 
stubble fields on the east coast by Mr. Peter Inchbald, of Hoy- 
ingham, York; may this bright moth turn up more abundantly to 
gladden our eyes in future autumns! 

Notwithstanding the bad season, about an average number of 
Acronycta alni have been secured, namely five, four of them in 
the larval state, the other animago. Of these, three have fallen to 
our York friends—one to Mr. R. Cook, one to Mr. Stewart, and 
one (the imago) to Mr. Inchbald on June 27th. The two other 
_larvee were both found at Wakefield; the first on September gth, 
by Mr. William: Talbot’s son, the second a few days later, on a 
sycamore tree, by Mr. A. Hall. ; 

“NOTICEABLE RECORDS. 

Of other species, which though not rare may be worthy of 
mention, as showing the distribution of species in Yorkshire :— 

Nudaria senex is recorded from York. 

Liparis monacha from Bishop’s Wood, by Mr. Thos. Foster. 

Orgyia gonostigma from the same locality. 

Epione vespertaria at York, as usual. 

Nyssia hispidaria was found near York early in Mares by 
Mr. Inchbald. 

Boarmia roboraria at Bishop s Wood, by Mr. Thos. Foster, 


8 PORRITI: YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPIERA IN 1877. 

Geomeira papillonaria has been taken rather freely and in 
several places, as Shipley Glen, Raskelf, and Barnsley. 

Acidalia immutata at York, by Messrs. T. Wilson, W. Prest, 
and William Simmons. 

A. emarginata also at York, by Mr. Prest. 

Four Eupitheciee: trisignata, albipunctata, pimpi- 
nellata, and tenuiata at York and district, by Mr. Prest. 

Coillix sparsata at York, by Mr. T, Wilson. 

Lobophora sexalata, bred from larve taken at York the 
previous year by Mr. Jackson. 

Thera firmata, Phibalapteryx lignata, and Scotosia 
vetulata all at York, by Messrs. Prest and Simmons. 

Scotosia undulata at Bishop’s Wood, by Mr. C. Smethurst. 


Petasia cassinea, Ptilodontis palpina, Notodonta 
dicteea, N. dictegoides, and N. dodoneea at York, by Messrs. 
Smith and R. Cook. 

Notoedonta dromedarius at Leeds, Huddersfield, &c. 

Cymatophora fluctuosa at York, by Mr. Thomas Wilson. 


Acronycta menyanthidis at Goole and Halifax, by Mr. 
Charles Smethurst and others. 


Agrotis agathina at Huddersfield, by myself. 
Noctua neglecta at Adel Moor, Leeds, by Mr. W. G. Smith. 


Teeniocampa leucographa and T. populeti at Bishop’s 
Wood, by Messrs. Prest and Robinson. 


Tethea subtusa commonly at Huddersfield, by myself; 
and at Bishop’s Wood. 


Polia flavocincta in abundance at Huddersfield, by myself. 
Epunda viminalis at York, by Mr. Prest. 
Hypenodes costeestrigalis at York, by Mr. Prest. 


The interesting order Pyrales seems to be very indifferently 
represented in our county, and particularly so in the western 
division, and this -may account for the fact that most of our 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1877, Series D. 


PORRITT: YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877 9 


lepidopterists take but little trouble in working for the various 
species. 

Scoparia pallida has been taken at York by Mr. Prest, 

Scoparia cembree swarmed in thousands in my field in July 
and August; they were very variable, too, some being of a very 
pale bone color and with scarcely any markings, though perfectly 
fresh ; others being of the very dark variety known as Scotica, of 
which I took five or six, with every shade between these two ex- 
tremes, whilst the markings in many cases were most distinct and 
beautiful. 

Whilst among the Pyrales it may be worth while recording 
in our “ Transactions ” that the first published description of the 
larva of Scopuia lutealis is that which appeared in the 
“ntomologists’ Monthly Magazine” of November 1877, from a 
larva I had the pleasure of describing; found on a dock leaf near 
my house. 


VARIETIES, ETC, 

_Our county has sustained its reputation for varieties, several 
extraordinary and interesting forms having been taken or bred. 
As usual in Yorkshire, most of the specimens shew a decided 
melanochroic tendency, whilst one shews an equally decided in- 
clination to the opposite direction of leucochroism, which although 
perhaps not so good as a variety, is much more interesting as a 
Yorkshire specimen. This is a very pale buff-colored Chortobius. 
Pamphilus from Bradford, and now I believe in the possession of 
Mr. S. L. Mosley, of Huddersfield. ‘The others include a very 
dark and peculiar Vanessa urtice, also from Bradford; a most 
beautiful female of Arctia mendica in which the black spots are 
confluent. This form occasionally crops up in 4. dubricipeda and 
A. menthastri, but we never before saw it in mendica. - ‘This also 
was bred at Bradford. A very peculiar Epione vespertaria was 
taken at York; a beautiful olive Phigalia pilosaria taken at 
Harrogate by Mr. H. Sims, of Wakefield ; an almost black Polia 
flavocincta from Bradford; &c., with any number of black 
Amphydasis betularia (the var. Doubledayaria) all over 
the county as usual, 


£O PORRITT: YORKSHIRE MACRO:LEPIDOPTERA IN TOW 


Lastly, amongst “late occurrences” (or early?) is a male 
Phigalia pilosaria, taken on a gas lamp at Huddersfield by Mr. 
5. D. Bairstow, on December 30th! 


This is the result of our season’s work so. far as J have been 
able to ascertain it. As I wrote at the beginning of this paper, it 
is not satisfactory, but the season has been against us, and perhaps 
proportionally we have done as well as most other counties. If 
the members of our section will work, I doubt not we shall have 


a much grander total at the end of 1878. 


Flighroyd House, Huddersfield, 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877. Series D. 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION, Ii 


YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA in 1877. 


By WILLIAM PREST, York, 
President of the Extonological Section. 


In recording the work done by the Micro-Lepidopterists of 
Yorkshire during the past year, I am sorry the task has not fallen 
into abler hands than my own. Having only a very limited 
knowledge of the various groups of micro-lepidoptera, and only 
the observations of myself and two or three members of the York 
and District Field Naturalists’ Society to assist me, the result 
must be very unsatisfactory. I shall commence with the 
Crambites, simply because I have paid more attention to that 
group than to the Tineina proper. It being, in reports of this 
nature, quite unnecessary to name the commonest species 
observed, I shall only mention those that are local, moderately 
common, or new to the county. 


Crambus Warringtonellus. I took this local species 
quite commonly on Thorne Waste during the Union’s excursion 
there in August, and it is, I believe, quite new to Yorkshire; 
it has no doubt been overlooked or passed by as some common 
species. ‘They were in fine condition, but I should say at least 
three weeks late. 


C. selasellus. I took two or three in Askham Bog, where 
in fair years it is moderately common. 


C. inquinatellus. Odd specimens occurred all through 
July and August at Sandburn and Stockton-on-the-Forest. 


Ephestia elutella. One of the most interesting features of 
the Wetherby excursion, was the exhibition (by Mr. G. C. Dennis of 
York) of a large sheet of web spun by the larvee of this species, 
In August 1876 a large room in a chicory warehouse at York was 
filled to about a foot from the ceiling, and when opened in February 
1877, the ceiling and walls were found to be entirely covered with 
a fine web, and the top layers of chicory were spun together in 
galleries, and inhabited by thousands of small dirty-white larva; 


YZ PREST ; YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTEHERA IN 1877. 


the piece of web exhibited was taken from the ceiling whole; it 
most resembled fine kid and seemed to diffuse a warmth when 
one came near it, and I think myself it is spun either for warmth’ 
or locomotion. JI had some larvee given me, but was not at first 
certain of the species; my first impression was e/uée//a, and then 
after, I thought it might be Plodva interpunctella ; however in June 
I bred some e/ufel/la from the pups, and therefore the problem 
was solved. Since then I bred during the first week in December 
two specimens of the imago from some of the old chicory I had 
by me in a box, and have now larvee still feeding on the same 
chicory. I have no doubt the mildness of last winter was suitable 
to the development of this species, and persons having warehouses 
of this sort should look a little oftener into them if they wish to 
keep their goods clean, for I think this is a good example of what 
a small desiructive insect can accomplish. 


Plodia interpunctella. Many specimens were bred by 
Mr. G. C. Dennis and myself, from currants, raisins and caraway 
seeds, York. 

Phycis betulella. Of this rare and local species 1 took 
three specimens at Sandburn, near York, in the latter part of July 
and first week in August. My friend Mr. J. Smith of Bramham 
also took four or five specimens. It is, I believe, new to our York- 
shire fauna. 

P. carbonariella. Was very common on Thorne Waste 
in August, and I also took it commonly in July on Strensall 
Common. 


P. abietella. The late Mr. James Robinson, of York, took 
a splendid specimen of this species in Sandburn Wood; it is, I 
believe, very rare in Yorkshire. 

P. roborella. The larva of this pretty species is not un- 
common at Bishop’s Wood and Sandburn. I bred a fine series 
from larve taken in June; they were beaten from oak. It isa 
very lively larva. 


Pempelia palumbella was very comimon on Strensall 
Moor and Sandburn in July, 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877, Series D, 


PREST : YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877. 33 


Rhodophea tumidella. I took a worn specimen at Sand- 
burn in July. 

Toririx sorbiana. I bred a fine series from larve beaten 
from oak at Bishop’s Wood in June. 

T. xylosteana. A fine series, bred from rolled up leaves 
of poplar, taken in June. Bishop’s Wood. 

T. cinnamomeana. Several specimens of this species 
were beaten out of spruce and Scotch firs by Messrs. Robinson, C. 
Simmons, Jackson, and myself in August, at Sandburn, being 
late for this species. 

T. viournana. Abundant both in the larva and imago 
state at Sandburn. 

T. Branderiana. I bred a fine series trom pupe sent me 

Mr. Doncaster, of Sheffield, who takes it in that district. 
by Mr. D ter, of Sheffield, who takes it in that district 

Amphysa Gerningana. I took a fine series of this pretty 
species at Sandburn the first week in August. 

Leptogramma literana. Several fine specimens were 
taken in October by Messrs. Jackson, Robinson, and myself, at 
Stockton-on-the-Forest. 

Ptycholoma fecheana. I bred a fine series from larve 
taken from poplar at Bishop’s Wood in June. 

Penthina picana. Several specimens taken flying round 
young birches, at Sandburn. 

P. sororculana. Common on birches, in September. York. 

P. presiongana. Bred from birch by Mr. Jackson. York. 

Spilonota ocellana. I took several specimens in Askham 
‘Bog in July. It was also bred from plum by Mr. G, C. Dennis. 

Orthoteenia ericetana. I took one at Stockton-on-the- 
Forest. 

Phoxopteryx biarcuana. Taken in June at Sandburn. 

P. inornatana. Taken at Sandburn in June; second brood 
in July and August. . 


P, ramana, Common at Sandburn in July. 


I4. PREST : YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 7 I 


Grapholitha nigromaculana. I took one specimen near 
Medge Hall at the Goole excursion. 


G. obtusana, Abundant at Bishop’s Wood in June, flying 
round hazel. 


Hypermecia cruciana. Larvee common on dwarf sallow 
in June ; imago abundant in July and August at Sandburn. 


Batodes angustiorana. I bred-a few specimens from 
larvee beaten from oak at Bishop’s Wood in June. 


Poedisca bilunana. A few at Sandburn and Bramham. 

P. profundana. Bred from dwarf sallow by Mr. Jackson, 
larvee swept in June. York. 

P. opthalmicana. <A few specimens ‘taken by Messrs. 
Jackson, Robinson and myself in October. York. 


Ephippiphora bimaculana. Beaten from birch in October 
at Sandburn and Saltaire. 


Retinia buoliana. Beaten from fir at Sandburn. 
R. pinicolana. Beaten from fir at Sandburn. 
R. pinivorana. Beaten from fir at Sandburn. 


Stigmonota internana. I took a fine series on Strensall 
‘Common, in June. 


S. perlepidana. Taken at Bramham by Mr. J. Smith. 


Eupeecilia angustana. Abundant on Strensall Common 
and Thorne Waste in July and August. 


Xanthosetia zoegana. Occurs rarely at Sandburn, 
X. hamana. Occurs rarely at Sandburn. 


Argyrolepia cnicana. Not uncommon at Bishop’s Wood, 
June and July. 
. Cochylis stramineana. Not common at Sandburn. 
Aphelia osseana. Rare at Sandburn. 


; TINEINA. : 
With these insects Iam sorry to say I have.had very little to do, 
and therefore my report of this important group will be very 


Trans. Y.N,U., 1877. Series D, 


PREST: YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877. 15: 


meagre; for I know of no entomologist in Yorkshire who really 
knows them, since the death of Mr. T. Wilkinson of Scarborough. 
My observations are only very limited, and therefore my first list 
must necessarily be very small, when we take into consideration 
the bad season of 1877. 


Nemophora metaxella. Common in Askham Bog. 
Micropteryx Thunbergella. One specimen. York. 
M. purpurella. Not uncommon in our woods round York. 


M. semipurpurella. Not uncommon in our woods round 
York. 

M. subpurpurella. Not uncommon in our woods round 
York. 

Prays Curtisellus. Two or three specimens in July. York. 

Cerostoma vittella. One specimen in July. York. 
G. radiatella, Bred from larve beaten from oak at ae S 
Wood. ; 


C. costella. Bred from larve beaten from oak at Bishop’s 
Wood. 


Harpipteryx nemorella. Beaten from honeysuckle. York, 
H, xylostella. Beaten from honeysuckle. York. 


Depressaria costosella. Bred from furze and broom. 
York. 

D. conterminella. Bred from sallow. York. 

Gelechia populella. Bred from poplar, June. York. 


G. ericinella. I tooka fine series at Sandburn and Thorne 
Waste in August. Not noticed before in Yorkshire. 


Chelaria Hubnerella. Not uncommon in Askham Bog, 
Pleurota bicostella. Taken on Strensall Common, 


CEcophora fiavimaculella. I breed this species every 
year from Angelica sylvestris. Larva in October, imago in July. 


Coleophora palliatella. In June last I took seven cases 
on oak at Bishop’s Wood, and bred five imagos of this good 
species. It is I believe quite new to Y fOr Tutte, 


16 PREST ! YORKSHIRE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1877.. 


Coleophora pyrrhutipennella. A fewcases of this species 
were taken on Strensall Common by Messrs. Cook and Simmons, 


in June. { 
C. genistee. Cases very abundant on Genista Anglica, 
Strensall Common. 

Cemiostoma laburnella. Common. Larva making blotches 
in leaves of laburnum. 


Nepticula pygmeeella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York, 
N. pomella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. oxyacanthella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. salicis. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. ignobilella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. angulifasciella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. tityretla. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 

N. aurella. Bred by Mr. Hind of York. 


Pterophorus Bertrami. I tcok a specimen of this plume 
at Staddlethorpe Station whilst waiting for the train at the Goole 
excursion. 

P. trigonodactylus. Two or three amongst coltsfoot at 
Bishop’s Wood. 

P, acanthodactylus. Not uncommon at Sandburn; and 
also at Huddersfield for the first time. 

-P. bipunctidactylus. Two specimens at Sandburn. 


P, Loewii. I took one specimen of this rare species at 
Sandburn. 


P. plagiodactylus. Three or four specimens at Sandburn. 
P.fuscus. Very abundant. York. 
P. pentadactylus. Not uncommon round York. 


_ Alucita polydactyla. Common amongst honeysuckle 
round York, and often found hibernating in out-houses. 


13, Holgate Road, York, 
—_+0—___ 


= ; Trans, Y.N.U., 1877. Series D, 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION 17 


YORKSHIRE 


HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA IN 1877. 
(Famity PSYLLID/®). 


By S. L. MOSLEY, HuppERSFIELD. 


- The Hemiptera-Homoptera and Heteroptera, like the Diptera, 
are very much neglected, the reasons in the one case being similar 
to those in the other. Mr. Scott’s monograph of this family in 
the ‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,’ and 
his kind offer to examine any specimens that may be sent to him, 
were instrumental in inducing me to take up the Ary//de as a 
starting-point ; and no doubt if this part of England were worked 
well in this class many species which before were considered rare 
would become extremely common, such as P. a/nz,and many new 
species would come to light and leave a record for future York- 
shire naturalists to be justly proud of. 


The principal work I have done in this order has been 
brought before the Huddersfield Scientific Club, which I believe 
is the only Society connected with the Union that has done 
anything in this ine. My work only commenced late this season 
(August), therefore my list of captures is not very long; but, 
judging from what I have done, I think Yorkshire-may be | 
expected to produce a great majority of the British Psy//de. 


COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION. 


The best way to collect Psy//ide is by beating into a larva 
tray or umbrella; putting the species from each tree or plant into 
separate boxes or tubes and labelling on the spot to prevent confu- 
sion, as each species has its particular tree. Kill by means of the 
cyanide bottle, and mount on small cards like small coleoptera. 
One or two specimens should have their wings spread out so as 
to show the venation, as many of the species may be determined 


D 2, 


18 MOSLEY: YORKSHIRE PSYLLIDE IN 1877. 


by this. Write under the card the place and date of capture, 
and the specimen is complete. 


LIST OF SPECIES TAKEN IN YORKSHIRE: 1877. 
Arytzena ulicis, Curt. This must be common, though I 
have only taken one specimen as yet; Castle Hill, Huddersfield. 


Psylla Forsteri, /7o7. Woodsome near Huddersfield, 
from alder. 

P. alni, Z. Up, to the publication of Mr. Scott’s 
monograph I believe a few specimens only had been taken by 
himself and Dr. Power. It has since been taken freely near 
Norwich, and I have taken it very commonly at Woodsome near 
Huddersfield, and at Askern. : 


P, fraxinicola, /ors¢. Common at Huddersfield. 
P. costalis, Zor. Common at Woodsome, Huddersfield. 


?P. peregrina, orst Isent this species to Mr. Scott under 
the impression that it was P. maz; he however returned it queried 


peregrina, but said he had no doubt it would prove the latter _ 


species. I took it at Askern in September, from a hawthorn 
hedge. 


Trans. Y.N.U.,1877. Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 19 


YORKSHIRE DIPTERA IN 1877. 


By S. L. MOSLEY, HuDDERSFIELD. 


I have only been rather over a year in the study, and would 
therefore that abler hands than mine had undertaken the task of 
writing what is known of the Diptera of our county, but a little 
will be better than nothing at all. The species enumerated are 
what I have taken in Yorkshire, or rather, so far as have been 
-determined for me. I have many others, the names of-which I 
do not know at present, and a considerably greater number no 
doubt have escaped my notice altogether, so that this list must be 
taken as very, very far from being complete. Besides, this is one 
of those departments of entomology that has to be pursued under 
great difficulties, especially by working men like myself, and of 
which our Union is for the most part composed. The workers in 
this department are few and far between, and the consequence is 
that it is difficult for one to get that friendly help which naturalists 
should always be as happy to give as they are to receive. One 
dipterist (Dr. R. H. Meade) has very kindly volunteered to name for 
me any specimens he could, and on several occasions I have 
benefited from his considerable knowledge of this order, but still one 
cannot pretend to trespass unmercifully upon another’s kindness, 
however willing he may be; and to have a box or two of closely 
allied species of a little known order of insects to name every. 
week is a task only known to those who have tried it. This is 
_ one of the “neglected orders,” and I have taken it up because 
it is neglected, especially in this part of the country. Naturalists 
have little or no inducement to begin with such (at first sight) 
unattractive insects, and even where a library of natural history 
books exists, books are only provided on those branches in which 
there is a general run, and no new tracks are opened for new 
beginners ; the result is that you get a lot all “going in” for the 
same thing, as is the case with Lepidoptera especially. Books on 
Diptera are scarce and expensive, and, besides, the best books 
are written in Latin or German, and as most working naturalists 


20 MOSLEY: ON YORKSHIRE DIPTERA IN 1877. 


do not read these languages, and as the English books are so 
- profoundly scientific, a person has to be very enthusiastic if he (or 
she) gets on at all. My resources have been very limited: one 
volume of ‘Insecta Britannica—Diptera,’ a List of the British 
Syrphide and Dolichopodide (Ent. Mo. Mag.), a description 
of the British species of Chedlosia (Ent. Mo. Mag.), and Mr. 
Walker’s notes on the two-winged flies (Entomologist) are what 
I have had to guide me besides the invaluable help I have 
received from Dr. Meade in the naming of specimens. Much 


more progress might be made if naturalists would remember their 
fellow workers when they are out on the many rambles they take | 
during the summer months; how easy it would be for them to 
pick up insects they generally pass by as not worth notice, which 
might prove very choice specimens when they come into proper 
hands. ‘The lepidopterist, for instance, is frequently taken in by 
the appearance in his breeding cage of—instead of a glorious 
Acronycta alni—a big ichneumon or dipterous parasite; in a 
moment of vexation he generally lets the intruder feel the 
weight of his net handle or some other instrument; whereas, if 
he would take a little trouble to pin it and put a label on with 
the name of the species from which it emerged, he would be 
rendering a real service to science, and I should always be glad 
to return lepidoptera for such consignments of diptera, which 
need simply be pinned and labelled in the way named. I have 
undertaken to write this paper not so much to show what has 
been done, as to form a starting point for other workers to follow. 
During the coming year I intend to devote my energies especially 
to Yorkshire, and I should be very glad either to give or receive 
any help towards making next year’s list of diptera much more 
complete than ever I should hope to do by individual aid. 


CAPTURE AND PRESERVATION. 

Beginners in a new line are very often perplexed as to how 
they should proceed, and a word or two will perhaps serve to 
clear away the mist some little. The lepidopterist’s stock-in-trade 
is generally sufficient for the collecting of diptera; the gauze net 
will be required for the capture of specimens on the wing, the 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


MOSLEY: ON YORKSHIRE DIPTERA IN 1877. 2T 


sweeping net for sweeping grass and other herbage in woods, &c. 
The cyanide bottle will do very well for killing, and about 
No. ro pins will be suitable for a great many of the species. My 
breeding cages I make out of old medicine bottles by cutting 
them in two with a red-hot poker, and then pasting a strip of 
paper several times round the top part, letting it hang over the 
cut edge, so that when it is dry it slips on the bottom half and 
forms a lid. ‘This kind of cage does very well for the leaf-miners, 
both dipterous and lepidopterous. After killing the specimens, 
I pin them and spread out their legs on a sheet of cork, leaving 
their wings in a natural position, but so that they do not hide 
the venation or the body; when dry, I put upon the pin a square 
or circular bit of paper, large enough for the feet to rest upon, 
bearing the date and place of capture and the captor’s initials; the 
specimen is then ready for the cabinet. 


LIST OF SPECIES TAKEN IN YORKSHIRE IN 1877. 
Trixa oestroides. Huddersfield. 


Sarcophaga carnaria, Z. Not uncommon in the woods: 
Huddersfield. 


Onesia vespillo. This I believe is common, but my know- 
ledge at present will not allow me to do more than enumerate the 
species :- Huddersfield. 


Musca vomitoria, Z. The blue-bottle fly. Huddersfield. 
ii. domestica, Z. House fly. Huddersfield. 

M. corvina, & Huddersfield. 

Lucilia cesar, Z. Green-bottle fly. Huddersfield. 

L. cornicina, “ Huddersfield. 

Anthomyia canicularis, Z. Common, bred: Huddersfield. 


A. mitis, JZezg. This I suppose is the one that mines the 
dock leaves so commonly, but I have not yet bred it : Huddersfield. 


A. Jacobeeee. Larve found at Thornhill but not bred. 
Dryomyza flaveola, “% Common: Huddersfield. 
Syrphus Ribesii, Z. Agreat many of this genus are common 


22 MOSLEY : ON YORKSHIRE DIPTERA IN 1877. 


about ragwort and dandelion flowers, standing on poised wings 
within a few inches, then darting off upon the least footstep. This 
and the following two species I have taken commonly in this way: 
Huddersfield. 

Syrphus luniger, JZ. Huddersfield. 

S. arcuatus, “/z. Huddersfield. 

S. bifasciatus, # Wharncliffe. 

S. balteatus, Deg. Almondbury Bank, Huddersfield. 

Melanostoma mellina, Z. Common about dandelion and 
other flowers: Huddersfield. 

Platychirus clypeatus, JZ. Common about dandelion 
and other flowers: Huddersfield. : 

Syritta pipiens, Z. There is only one species in this 
genus and that common at Huddersfield. 

Eristalis tenax, Z.=vulsinus, Meig. 
Very common: Huddersfield. 

E. arbustorum, Z.=/fossarum, Wk. 
Common: Huddersfield. ; 

Helophilus pendulus, Z.=szmzls, Curt. 
A very pretty insect. Not rare: Huddersfield. 

H. floreus, Z. Not uncommon: Huddersfield. 

Mesembrina meridiana. A few at Storthes Hall, near 
Huddersfield. 

Leptis scolopacea. Common: Huddersfield. 

Dolichopus eneus. Common: Huddersfield. 

Ocydromia glabricula. Huddersfield. 

Empis livida. Huddersfield. é 

Sargus cuprarius. Huddersfield. 

Chrysomyia formosa. Huddersfield. 

Scatophaga stercoraria. Abundant: Huddersfield. 


Tipula oleracea. Very common: Huddersfield. 


Trans. Y.N.U,, 1877. Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 23 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA: 


REPORT ON PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE, AND FIRST LIST 
OF SPECIES, 


By WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, Lerps, 
Secretary of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 


In contributing one of the series of annual reports upon the 
entomology of the county which is contemplated by the Entomo- 
logical Section, it seems advisable, in the case of an order so little 
studied as the Hymenoptera have been, to prepare in the first 
instance a preliminary report upon the present state of our 
knowledge of their distribution in Yorkshire, including a list of the 
species already on record for the county, so as to form a basis or 
starting-point from which Yorkshire hymenopterists may commence 
their investigations. 


It also seemed desirable for the benefit of members who may 
be induced to join in the study of this order, and also for the 
important purpose of reminding our entomologists (as they need 
reminding) of the great deficiencies which there are in our knowledge, 
to make special mention of every well-marked group included 
in the order, under each group giving a brief sketch of the 
condition of its literature where there are no available British 
monographs; also stating the number or estimated number of 
British species according to the most recent authorities; and 
giving references to published directions for collection and preser-. 
vation. ‘To these prefatory remarks succeeds in each case a list 
of the species already recorded for the county, with localities and 
other details, and in the case of book-records full references, 
these records being inserted merely to render the present paper 
complete, some of them requiring confirmation and verification. 


Fortunately it is in my power—thanks to the researches of 
Mr. Frederick Smith, F.Z.S., of the British Museum, our foremost 
hymenopterist, who has collected much in our county, more 
especially round Wakefield—to give a respectably large list of 
Yorkshire Bees, amounting to five-twelfths of the British list, and 


24 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA. 


numbering 95, which thus compares favourably with the 71 of Mr. 
Bold’s published list for Northumberland and Durham. 


I am also under great obligations to Mr. E. A. Fitch, of 
Maldon, Essex, for suggestions and information, as well as to 
others whose aid I have duly recorded in connection with the 
various groups, such as Mr. Peter Cameron, junr., of Glasgow, 
the Rev. T. A. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S., now of Antigua, Mr. S. 
D. Bairstow of Huddersfield, &c. 

Mr. Robert Cook of York, who possesses a number of 
Hymenoptera in his collection, mostly taken about York some 30 
or 40 years ago, had some of them named by a Dr. Stephenson 
of Kentish Town. The names of Z7ichiosoma lucorum, T. lateralis, 
T. sylvaticus, Chrysis tgnita, Pompilus fuscus, P. viaticus, Ammo- 
phila sabulosa, Odynerus quadratus?, Vespa vulgaris, Colletes 
succincta, Sphecodes gibbus, Halictus rubicundus, Andrena nitida, 
A, albicans, A. nigro-enea, A. fulvicrus, A. labialis, A. convextus- 
cula, A. xanthura, Nomada vrufiventris?, Melecta punctata, 
Anthidium manicatum, Chelostoma maxillosus, Anthophora retusa, 
Bombus muscorum, B. lapidarius, and B. terrestris, which there 
occur are not incorporated in my lists on account of the doubts 
as to whether some of them were not collected outside the 
county, and also in one or two cases on account of questions of 
nomenclature. : 

Very few of my own records are given in the lists included 
in this paper, as, in order to ensure, so far as I am concerned, a 
high degree of accuracy, I have reserved my own observations or 
determinations of species for verification and more detailed and 
careful study. It is necessary that a solitary worker (for with 
the exception of my friend Mr. S. D. Bairstow of Huddersfield, 
who is engaged in the study of /chnewmontde, I am not aware of 
the existence of any hymenopterist within our Union, nor, I 
believe I am justified in adding, within the northern and north 
midland counties; nor.am I aware of the existence of any 
collection within many miles which might afford assistance) should 
be extremely careful and cautious in publishing his observations, 
‘in the absence of safeguard against error. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE TENTHREDINID&. P25 


EXPLANATION OF SIGNS USED. 
! after a locality signifies that I have seen the specimen and 
have consequently verified the name. A name within parentheses 
() following a locality is that of the entomologist by whom the 
specimens were determined, and is not that of the collector, 


family TENTHRE DINIDA—Sawflies. 

The student of this family has at present to labour under the 
disadvantage of there being no monograph of the British species, 
although it is understood that one is in preparation for the Ray 
Society by Mr. Peter Cameron of Glasgow, who is almost the 
only British student of this group. Consequently the species - 
must be worked out for the present by means of isolated descrip- 
tions and foreign works, of which the latest and probably the 
most useful is the rst vol. of Thomson’s ‘ Hymenoptera’ Scandi- 
navize’ (1871). German works by Hartig (‘Die Familien der 
Blattwespen und Holzwespen’ 1837, &c.), Klug, Brischke and 
Zaddach, and French ones by Brullé and St. Fargeau must also 
be referred to; also Fallen’s papers and the 7th volume of Stephens’ 
‘Illustrations,’ in which the sawflies and ichneumons are described. 
Reference may also be made to the descriptions of new species 
by Mr. Cameron in the Ent. Mo. Mag., Proc. Glasgow N-H.LS., 
and Scott. Nat. during the past few years, to his monographs of the 
British species of Cladius and Phenusa (Proc. N.H.S. Glasgow, 
1876, vol. iil., part i.); and to Mr. May’s ‘translations of Vollen- 
hoven’s descriptions of Sawflies and their transformations given 
in the Zool. and Entom. for recent years: these accompanied by 
beautiful coloured plates originally appeared in the Dutch 
‘Tijdschrift voor Entomologie.’ 

In their metamorphoses and habits the Sawflies very much 
resemble Lepidoptera. The caterpillars are very like those of 
Lepidoptera in form, differing in the number of claspers, the 
position of the eyes, and the carriage of the anal segments ; 
they feed on leaves, and may be procured and bred in the same 
manner. ‘Some of the smaller species are leaf-miners and others 
are gall-producers, A paper, on the caterpillars of sawflies, by 


26 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE SAWFLIES. 


Prof. Westwood, is to be found in the Ent. Ann. for 1858,. 
pp. 122-136, which will be of service to beginners by acquainting 
them with the leading types of sawfly larvee, and the chief points 
of differentiation from Lepidopterous caterpillars. 


Some of these larve are well known and very destructive to 
crops, as the “‘Gooseberry Grub” (Vematus ribesiz), the Turnip 
Sawfly or “Black-jack” (Athalia spinarum, &c.), the “slug” larvee 
infesting various fruit trees (Blennocampa or Eriocampa spp.), the 
corn-straw maggot (Cephus pygmaeus) and others. ‘The red, 
kidney-bean-shaped galls on willow-leaves, which are produced by 
LVematus gallicola, are very abundant and well-known. 


Directions for collection and preservation will be found in a 
paper by Mr. Cameron, eee in the Trans.N.H.S.Glasgow, 
1876, lll. 141. 

The number of British species is very imperfectly known and 
the estimates made by various authors are very conflicting, and 
mostly unreliable. I am not aware of any recent enumeration, 
except a list of Scottish species by Mr. Peter Cameron (May, 
1878, published by the Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, price 1/6) in 
which he gives the names and localities of 212 Scottish species, 
distributed into 37 genera. Mr. Cameron in comparison mentions 
that there are 268 French and 360 Swedish species. Mr. Cameron 
has informed me that about 330 species are enumerated in a 
catalogue of British sawflies which he has now in the press. 

For a number of the names in the following fragmentary 
list I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Peter Cameron, and of 
Mr. Frederick Smith, F.Z.S. The species are arranged in the 
same order as that adopted in Cameron’s Scottish List, but the 
nomenclature is given as in the original records. 

Among the records that have come under my notice which, 
requiring verification or correction of nomenclature, cannot be 
inserted in the list are :— 

Tenthredo neglecta, St.Farg.Mon. 77.,229==subintervupta, Steph. 

“Middle of June, Yorkshire and Scotland, J.C.” Curtis, 
B.E., plate 692. 


Tratis.Y.N.U., 1877, Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE SAWFLIES. 27 


Perineura nassata (.) I have seen an old record (circa 
1835) of this being “common” either at Hull or Askham. 

Athalia centifolie is given in the same old MS. as “common 
at Hull.” 

Tenthredo cingulata is given for “ Hull” on the same authority. 

Selandria costalis is marked in the same old record from 
Sutton Road Spring.” 

Lyda cingulata and Selandria dorsalis were obtained in 1831 
from the Halifax collectors (A. H. Davis in Loudon’s Mag. Nat. 
Hist. 1832, v. 245). With regard to the nomenclature of these 
Mr. Cameron states that the Lyda cingulata of Stephens’ collection 
=L, hortorum: and that Selandria dorsalis is S. serva. 


Mr. Robert Cook of York has in his collection a very large 
Cimbex, labelled maculatus, which was taken at Heslington, near 
York, May 28th, 1834. 


FIRST LIST OF YORKSHIRE TENTHREDINID&. 
Tenthredo livida, Z. Near Wakefield (F. Smith). 
T. arcuatus. Wakefield in July, 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 
1852, X. 3626). 
T. zonata, ?z. Woolley (F. Smith). 
T. viridis, Z. Wakefield district in July, 1852 (F. Smith, 
Zool. 1852, x. 3626). Woolley (F. Smith in litt.) 


T. mesomela. Woolley Edge, July 25, 1874, Roebuck 
(Cameron). 

T. cincta, Scheff: 

Macrophya blanda, ud. | ea Wakefield (F. Smith). 

M. neglecta, A/ug. 

Allantus nothus, A/wg. Pannal, July 12, 1867: Common 
on buttercups : Roebuck (Cameron). 

Athalia spinarum. Wakefield, July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 
1852, x. 3626). 

A. rose, (Z.) Wakefield district, July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 
1852, x. 3626). Tadcaster (Cameron). Pannal, Sept. 16, 1869, 
abundant: Roebuck (Cameron). 


728 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE SAWFLIES. 


Dolerus pratensis, Z. ) 

D. lateritius, A7Zuzg. | vale ea 
D. gonager, Kiug. astingham, near Pickering 
Denice (Cemenony, 


Emphytus carpini, Zartg. | 

Eriocampa adumbrata, A7wg. ‘Tadcaster (Cameron). — 
Blennocampa pusilla, A7wg. ) Lastingham, near Picker- 
B. alchemillee, Cameron. ing (Cameron). 


Croesus septentrionalis, Z. At Hovingham, in Sept. 
1867, the alder bushes were defoliated by these larvae, which being 
bred emerged the following April. (P. Inchbald, E.M.M., June 
1868, v. 21, to which refer for economy). Wakefield (Cameron). 

Nematus capree, £2. 

N. conductus, Luthe. 


N. bilineatus, A7wvg. York (Cameron). 


N. ribesii, Scog. The “Gooseberry Grub.” Tadcaster 
(Cameron). Pannal, July 3, 1867, abundant: Roebuck (Cameron). 


; Tadcaster (Cameron). 


N. viminalis. York (Cameron). 

N. viminalis, Z.=cntercus, Pz.=gallarum, De Geer, Htg. 
Bred from galls on Salix monandra sent to Mr. E. A. Fitch by 
Mr. P. Inchbald (See Entom. Feb. 1877, x. 29). 

N. gallicola, West. Near Wakefield (F. Smith; also 
Cameron). 

Cryptocampus meduliarius. York (Cameron). . 

C. angustus, Hartig. Bred by Mr. P. Inchbald of Storthés 
Hall, near Huddersfield, from galls on Salix vitellina, and named 
by Mr. F. Smith. ‘This was the first instance of its occurrence in 
Britain. (For economy see E.M.M. 1864, i. 47). 


‘Cimbex sylvarum, 72s. Bramham Park: W. H. Taylor 
(Cameron). 


Trichiosoma betuleti, AZwg. Arthington: W. H. Taylor. 
Meanwood Valley, near Leeds; larvee on hawthorn: Roebuck. 
Imago: W. H. Taylor (Cameron). 


‘Trans.Y N.U., 1877. Series 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE SIRICIDA. 29° 


Abia sericea, Z. Richmond (Cameron). In the old record 
(circa 1835) before mentioned this is given for “ Buttercrambe” 
and “ Nun Appleton Woods.” Specimens from the York district 
are under this name in Mr. Robert Cook’s collection. 


Zarea fasciata, Z. New Miller Dam, near Wakefield 
(F. Smith). Wakefield (Cameron). Taken near Wakefield in July 
1852, by F. Smith (Zool. 1852, x. 3626). 


Hylotoma violacea. Lastingham, near Pickering (Cameron). 


family STRICIDA. 


Of these very large and conspicuous wood-feeding insects I 
am not aware of descriptions, or even of a recent enumeration of 
the British species, so that the British collector is thrown upon 
Thomson’s “ Hymenoptera Scandinavie,’ and other foreign works 
for the identification of his specimens. Of the three genera (Stvex, 
Oryssus, Xiphydria) which Thomson includes in this family, 
Stephens in 1829 included 9 British species, Curtis in the same 
year 7, while in 1840 Westwood estimated that there were 10. 
There is some degree of doubt as to whether the species of the 
genus Szvex are truly natives of Great Britain, or whether they were 
not originally introduced (as numerous examples still undoubtedly 
are) with the pine-trees on the wood of which they feed. The 
various species of coniferous trees growing in Britain are I believe 
not allowed by botanists to be truly indigenous, and the same 
doubt rests upon the Sz7zczd@e which feed upon them. Myr. Fred. 
Smith writes me as follows, as the fruit of his long experience 
in collecting Hymenoptera: “* Szvex g7gas—this insect was one of 
great rarity before the country got intersected by railways; the 
wood used as sleepers is largely imported from Norway, &c., and 
out of this most of the specimens come. The depdt of the 
imported wood used by the North-Western used to be up in the 
Hampstead Road, and numbers of the Sirex are occasionally 
picked up in Camden Town and in the neighbourhood.” (Letter 


dated 28th June, 1878). 


30 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE SIRICIDA. 


Sirex juvencus, Z. York Minster : the males were taken 
commonly flying about the tower and alighting on the roof. (A 
H. Dav s in Loudon’s Mag. N.H. 1832, v. 245 ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., 
plate 253, March 1, 1829). Curtis adds that no doubt they were 
seeking the females which were issuing from the timbers that 
supported the roof, ‘and which would be weakened by the 
constant operations of the larvze, as well as rendered combustible 
by the multitude of passages and the quantity of dust created. 
Mr. Robert Cook of York showed me some specimens of the 
male, one of them very small in size, which many years ago he 
took on the towers of the Minster. He tells me that it was 
known to the collectors of that day as “The Minster Fly,” and 
that the insects were never seen on the Minster after the firing of 
it by Jonathan Martin in Feb. 1829. 


The following extracts from the Stephensian correspondence, 
sent me by Mr. E. A. Fitch, are interesting :— 


“‘ Urocerus juvencus. Top of York Minster. Males abundant. 
‘¢ Fem. rarer, and what is remarkable I have taken the males in 
“plenty on the top of the minster, where I never saw a female 
“but always met with them near the ground.”—W. C. HeEwitson, 
52, Coney St., York, Jan. 3rd, 1828. 


“T sent Mr. Giles (with whom I have long been intimate) 3 
‘¢small specimens of a Syrex which we take on the summit of York 
‘¢ Cathedral.”,—-EpDwarRD HorRNER, Darlington, 21st Feb., 1828. 


Scarborough, taken at sugar, Sept. 1857 (Robert Cook in Ent. W. 
Int., Oct. 10, 1857, iil. 13)! Barnsley, 1876 : a number given to 
me by Mr. Thomas Lister (W. D. R.) Wakefield, W. Talbot 
(Cameron). 


Sirex gigas, Z. Common inthe West Riding ; frequently 
taken in various parts of Leeds; also received from Ovenden, 
where three were taken in 1875 by Mr. Joseph Ogden! Common 
at Wakefield : Mr. Talbot ! Mapplewell, near Barnsley : A. Peckett 
Taylor! Huddersfield: James Varley! Strensall, near York (W. 
Simmons in ‘ Naturalist,’ October 1876, ii. 46). 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA. 3st 


Family CVNIPID4—Gall-fiies. 

As with the Sawflies, this group is not elucidated by any 
complete work upon the British species, and the numerous papers 
upon galls and gall-makers which have appeared of late years are 
scattered through a variety of journals and publications. As to the 
identification of species (the general works not being forgotten), the 
most important papers are those by Hartig (1840 to 1843), Giraud 

(1859), Schenck (1865), Schlechtendal (1870), Marshall (E. M. M. 
1867-8, iv.), Miiller (Ent. Ann. for 1872) and Fitch (who pub- 
lished in the Entom. 1874 to 1878, vols. vil to xi. inclusive, a 
series of translations of Dr. G. L. Mayr’s work on the European 
Oak-galls and the insects which inhabit them, with additional notes 
by himself; the concluding paper giving full references to the 
articles above mentioned of Hartig, Giraud, &c.) Some very 
valuable papers on American species were published by Osten 
Sacken, Walsh and Bassett in the first four volumes of the 
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. 
For an account of the literature of the farasztic Cynipide 
refer to p. 121 of the Rev. T. A. Marshall’s paper in the Ent. 
Ann. 1874, where the monographs are distinctively marked. A list 
of gall-bearing British plants is given by Kidd and Miiller (E.M.M. 
Oct. 1868, v. 118-120, Feb. 1869, v. 216). A synopsis of the 
genera of Cynipide is given by Dr. Forster in the roth vol. of the 
Vienna ‘Verhandlungen,’ 1869. 


The number of British species of this group can hardly as 
yet be considered sufficiently known. The Rev. T. A. Marshall 
in the Ent. Ann. for 1874, p. 138, enumerated 41 species. In 
the Entom., Feb. 1877, x. 27 to 31, Mr. E. A. Fitch gave a 
summary of new and rare gall-producers observed in Britain since 
1872, in which he mentioned 19 Cynipide, besides insects of 
other groups. The oak-tree is unusually subject to galls, and 
seems to afford them a lodgment in every part of its system, both 
above and below the surface of the ground. In his notes 
published in 1867 and 1868 (E.M. M. iv.) Marshall described 14 
oak-species as indigenous. Ten years’ work by Fitch, Cameron, 
Inchbald, Rothera, &c., have produced such good results that in 


32 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE CYNIPIDA. 


October 1878 (Entom., xi. 225) Mr. Fitch was able to give a 
list of no less than 41 British species infesting the oak-tree alone. 
It would be a good plan for some member of our Union to study 
the oak-galls of the County taking Mr. Fitch’s papers in vols. vii. 
to xi. of the ‘Entomologist’ as his starting-point. The experience 
gained in this comparatively easy task would afterwards be of 
service in commencing the study of the galls and Cynipide of 
other plants. ; 


COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION. 

Reference may be made to a short paper by Mr. E. A. Fitch 
(Entom. Aug. 1875, vill. 170). Nothing can be done without 
breeding; and if the gall is known it isa great help to the identifica- 
tion of the producer, its inquilines and parasites. Every gall con- 
tains inmates of these three classes. The Cynips is the true gall- 
maker; and the difference in economy between parasites and 
inquilines is that the latter take possession of the gall when made 
as suitable to their development, not being parasitic on the 
original owner. Directions for distinguishing the Syvezg7 from 
the true Cynipide are given by Mr. Fitch (Entom. Oct. 1878, 
xi. 220). Some species are readily bred by simply placing 
the gall in a chip box and waiting till the insect emerges. Other 
and more succulent ones require care and attention and are sure 
to mould if damp or immature. If so they should be left exposed 
for a day or two before putting away. Mr. Fitch recommends 
the air-tight plan of breeding adopted by micro-lepidopterists, and 
lays great stress on the importance of avoiding confusion by the 
accidental introduction of other and similar insects which are not 
actually in the galls. Consequently there should be in the galli- 
pots the galls only, and neither leaves, twigs nor anything else. 
Only mature galls should be bred from, and it is no use expecting 
to breed from the “‘oak-spangles” collected off the trees: they 
must be picked off the ground about January and February. 
Galls when bred from should not be thrown away, as they produce 
more than one series of inhabitants. If compelled to breed 


immature galls, the stalk should be placed in water and the gall 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1877. Series D 


: 
| 


ROEBUCK ! ON YORKSHIRE CYNIPIDA. 33 


to prevent detection) may be used for galls zz sztu, without 
removing them from the plant. 

Several galls are well-known, including the ‘‘ Bedeguars” of 
the wild roses, produced by various species of /odites, the 
““Spangle-galls” by various species of JVeuwroterus, the “ Oak- 
apples” of <Azdricus terminalis, and the woody, marble-like 
oak-galls of Cynips Kollart, so very recently introduced into 
Britain. The rapid diffusion of the last-named after its intro- 
duction is only paralleled by that of Dreissena polymorpha, 
the Zebra Mussel, and of Elodea canadensis, the American 
Water-Weed. Mr. Smith writes me, June 28, 1878, that 
“ Cynips Kollart was introduced upwards of thirty years ago, and 
for some time was only found in Devonshire, and was known 
generally by the name of the Devonshire gall.” 

Some attention has been paid by Yorkshire Entomologists 
to this family, or rather to galls in general. Amongst others 
the late Wilson Armistead of Leeds, contemplated the 
collection of materials for an illustrated work on the subject. 
A case of galls and their producers was depositedby him in 
the Leeds Museum, where it may now be seen, although 
somewhat deranged from neglect. The Rev. T. A. Marshall, also, 
for some time, resided in this county, at Lastingham, near Picker- 
ing. And I believe that Mr. Peter Inchbald, of Hovingham, near 
York, has studied galls with some attention, though for the most 
part, as he tells me, he has devoted himself to the dipterous galls _ 
of the gall-gnats (Cecidomyidze), with which he has been unusually 
successful. It ismuch to be wished that the information possessed 
by the two latter gentlemen, or left in Mr. Armistead’s papers, 
should be forthcoming for the ‘ Transactions’ of this Union. 


Mr. Fitch tells me that if any members care to send him (to 
Maldon, Essex) the galls collected, with notes of locality and date, 
&c., he will supply the names of the makers. He also states that 
he has no doubt but that the more generally distributed species 

are to be found in Yorkshire; he has had them all from Nottingham- 
shire ; the only desideratum is the recorder. Mr. Inchbald knows 
many Mr. Fitch is sure, but the only one actually sent by him is 


D3, 


34 ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONID, 


Diastrophus rubi (see ‘ Field,’ r2th June, 1875). 


Aulax sabaudi, Harty, was added to the British list on 
the authority of Mr. Peter Inchbald, who described specimens 
from Scarborough (E.M.M., July 1865, i. 46, and Marshall, 
E.M.M., May 1868, iv. 274). 


Family EVANIIDA. 


Four genera and 7 species enumerated as British in 1872 by 
the Rev. T. A. Marshall (Ent. Soc. Cat. of British Hymenoptera). 


Parasitic on cockroaches, 


Family ICHNEUMONIDA. 


In 1872 the Entomological Society published a ‘Catalogue 
of British Hymenoptera; Chrysididee, Ichneumonide, Braconide, 
and Evaniidee’—by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S., (price 
2/-), which in the absence of any monograph or descriptive work, 
will stand as the basis for the investigation of these groups and as 
a guide to their literature, which is unfortunately difficult and 
much scattered. In this catalogue are enumerated 1186 species, 
distributed among 136 genera and the 6 subfamilies Ichneumon- 
ides, Cryptides, Agriotypides, Ophionides, Tryphonides, and 
Pimplides. 

The foundation of the literature of this group is Gravenhorst’s 
‘Ichneumonologia Europea,’ 3 vols. (1829). Superstructures 
have been raised upon this classical work by Wesmael, by 
Taschenberg, who revised the Gravenhorstian types, by Ratzeburg 
(‘Die Ichneumonen der Forst-Insecten,’ 1844-52), by Desvignes 
(‘Catalogue of British Ichneumonide’ in the British Museum, 
1856, price 1/9), and others. The Swedish monographs by 
Holmgren are numerous and indispensable to the British student. 
The principal are:—his Ichneumonologia Suecica, 2 vols., 1864 
and 1871, which is of primary importance for Ichneumon proper ; 
Monographia Ophionidum Sueciz, 1862; Ophionidslagtet Ano- 
malon, 1857; Om de Skandinay. arterna af Ophionidslagtet 
Campoplex, 1872; Monographia Tryphonidum Suecie, 1856; 


Trans. Y.N,U., 1877, Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONID., 35 


Dispositio methodica Exochorum Scandinavie, 1874; Dispositio 
methodica Mesoleiorum Scandinavie, 1873; and Monographia 
Pimplariarum Sueciz, 1860. A monograph of the genus 
Pezomachus was published by Forster in 1851, and one of 
Campoplex in 1868 by the same author. The Rey. T. A. 
Marshall published a very useful article in the Ent. Ann. for 
1874, pp. 114 to 146, in which at p. 123 he gave a table of 
Ichneumonidz and Braconide and the lepidopterous and other 
insects on which they were parasitic. Snellen van Vollenhoven is 
at present publishing ‘ Pinakographia, Illustrations of more than 
one thousand North-West-European Ichneumonidze sensu Lin- 
nano,’ in Dutch and English, with very excellent coloured plates, 
being a continuation of his ‘Esquisses hyménoptérologiques, 
1868-73. These works include also Sraconide, Oxyura, and 
Chalcdide. Vhis work of Vollenhoven’s ought to be in the library 
of every society in the Union, containing, as it will eventually do, 
admirable figures of a large proportion of the British species. 
This is the place for reminding the lepidopterists how very 
greatly they can assist in the study and collection of this and 
other parasitic groups by the simple process of preserving and 
boxing the species they unwillingly breed, making notes upon 
their habits, and afterwards placing them for study and determina- 
tion in the hands of entomologists who make the group their 
speciality. But it will be well to remember the importance of 
setting the insects so as to facilitate their examination. Marshall 
says (Ent. Ann. 1874, p. 128) that unless small Ichneumonidze 
“receive the best attention in the way of setting, they are useless 
“as specimens. Any small winged Hymenopteron, if left to itself, 
“is sure to dry with the wings doubled up, or concealing the 
‘characters of the abdomen, &c., in some way that renders its 
‘‘identification or description -impossible. Much has been said 
“against carding specimens intended for examination, but the 
“objections apply less to parasitic Hymenoptera than to most 
“other kinds of insects. ‘The parts of the mouth are of only 
“secondary value, and the leading characters are nearly always 
“taken from the upper surface. Without knowing what others 
“may be able to do, I can say for myself that I rarely succeed in 


36 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONID&. 


“naming small obscure specimens unless neatly displayed upon 
“cards. As to running pins through the thorax or scutellum, 
‘obliterating the most characteristic parts of the body, it is 
‘generally throwing away all chance of identification. When a 
“small insect of this kind is carded, the legs should be stretched 
“sufficiently to allow a side glance at the coxze, which are often 
‘important, and if the head is prevented from resting forehead 
‘downwards on the card, so that the face can be seen, the 
‘‘¢maximum of convenience will be attained.” Mr. Bridgman (Ent. 
Feb. 1878, xi. 34) in speaking of carding small species, recom- 
mends that a small hole be cut in the card, over which should be 
placed the head, in order to allow of the inspection of the mouth 
and antennz beneath, which are important characteristic points. 
Very minute species are best preserved by the method adopted 
by Haliday and Walker: the contents of the collecting-boxes being 
shaken into a vessel of hot water, by which means the wings are 
naturally expanded. They are taken out by inserting a card under 
them, and the legs and wings are arranged as required witha 
camel-hair brush: then left till dry, when the specimens can be 
removed with a penknife, and gummed upon the points of stiff 
card braces. Some of the species of Pezomachus, of which the 
females are apterous and resemble small ants, may be bred from 
spiders’ nests. 

I am indebted to the kindness of the Rev. T. A. Marshall, 
M.A., F.LS., of St. Mary’s Rectory, Antigua, who formerly 
resided for a year or two at Lastingham, near Pickering, Yorkshire, 
for a list of Ichneumonide and Braconide, in which he has 
marked all the species which he knows certainly to have been 
taken in Yorkshire. These species are recorded for ‘Yorkshire ” in 
the catalogue given below, and the presumption as to exact 
locality will be that they occurred at or near Lastingham. 

I am also indebted to Mr. S. D. Bairstow of Huddersfield 
for information and assistance. He is taking up the study of the 
Ichneumonide (taking the word in the Linnean sense) and will 
write the future reports to the Section on that group. He will 
be glad of all the assistance that members will give him, and to 


Trans. Y.N U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONID® 37 


receive the ichneumons (in any stage) which Yorkshire lepi- 
dopterists breed. 

The nomenclature of the following species is according to 
Marshall’s Catalogue. 

ICHNEUMONIDES. 

Ichneumon bilineatus, Gwed. 

I. trilineatus, Gwed. 

I. vaginatorius, Z. 

SONG MS Us | Rev. T. A. Marshall’s 

I. confusorius, G7. ? ies 

L ‘Yorkshire 
1. luctatorius, Z. 3 
List. 

Il. latrator, 72d. | 

I. quadrialbatus, G7. 

Amblyteles armatorius, (/07s¢. ) | 
A. amatorius, (dZi//. ) 


Trogus lutorius, (fad. )= Trogus te A specimen in 
Mr. Robert Cook’s collection, labelled Zvogus Atropos, was bred 
by him from a Yorkshire example of Acherontia Atropos. 


T. exaltatorius, (Panz.) Mr. S. D. Bairstow tells me 
that two or three years ago he bred this out of larve of 
Smerinthus ocellatus, from eggs laid by a female which he took at 
Askern Spa. A specimen bred out of the same insect, by Mr. 
George C. Dennis of York, had the thighs of the legs very much 
lighter in color than in Mr. Bairstow’s specimen. 


Perhaps only a var. of Z:. lutorius L. (P. Snellen van 
Vollenhoven). If a distinct species, would appear to be new to 
Britain, as the name is not in Marshall’s Catalogue. 


Diczelotus pumilus, (Gr) ] 
D. pusillator, (Gr) 


Pheeogenes semivulpinus, (G7. ) Rie AMierehall’c 


P. planifrons, Wesm. | aye 
P. stimulator, (G7.) List 

P. ischiomelinus, (G7) i 

. CRYPTIDES. 


Stilpnus gagates, Gv. J 


38 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONIDA. 


Phygadeuon variabilis, G7. 
P. fumator, Gz. | 
P. brevis, G7. 

P. semipolitus, Zasch. | 
P. graminicola, G7. | 
Hemiteles furcatus, Zasch. 

. micator, G7. | 


ae 


« necator, G7. 
. similis, Gz. 


Fi 

rl 

i tristator, G7. Rev. T. A. Marshall’s 
Hi 

H 


‘ Vorkshire ” 
Teist: 


. estivalis, Gz. 
. areator, (£2.) 
emimachus rufocinctus, (G7) 


—\— 


OPHIONIDES. 
Ophion obscurus, /2é. | 
Campoplex mixtus, G7 | 
Exolytus levigatus, (Gr) 
Porizon hostilis, G7. | 
P. harpurus, (Sc/r. ) | 

J 


TRYPHONIDES. 
Mesoleptus typhee, Gr. 


Euryproctus Waltoni, (Curt.)= Mesoleptus Waltont, 


Curt. The three specimens from which Curtis described the 
species in 1837 were ‘“‘taken by the river Nidd at Knaresbro’ in 
June, and also in the neighbourhood of Settle.” (Curtis, B.E. xiv. 


644). 


E. geniculosus, (G7) 

Perilissus filicornis, (G7) | Rev. T. A. Marshall’s 
Miesoleius aulicus, (G7. ) t “ Yorkshire ” 

M. armillatorius, (G7) List. 
Cieniscus lituratorius, (Z. ) | 


Sphecophaga vespa rum , ( Curtis >= Anomaton vesparum, 


Curtis. Mr, F. Smith records (B.Foss.Hym. 1858, p. 218) that he © 
bred five specimens from a Yorkshire nest of Vespa rufa. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE BRACONID. 39 


Exochus mansuetor, Gz. \ Rev. T. A. Marshall’s 
Bassus lestatorius, (/ad.) “Yorkshire” List. 


Metopius dentatus, (/ad.)—Feltastes pint, Curtis. Re- 
corded in 1831 for Halifax (A. H. Davis in Loudon’s Mag. N.H. 
1832, v. 245). One bred from Bombyx callune by Mr. John T. 
Calvert of Keighley, and given to me alive May 13, 1873 (Roe- 
buck). Bred from Rombald’s Moor specimens of B. callune by 
Mr. Alfred Denny! Huddersfield: (Bairstow, James Varley). 
Halifax : (Wm. Cash). 


PIMPLIDES. 

Pimpla instigator, (Fu.) | 

P. turionelle, (Z.) eee T. A. Marshall’s 
P. scanica, ( Vil.) “Yorkshire ” 
Ischnoceros rusticus, (vwrc.) | List. 
Phytodiaetus vetulus, (G7.) } 


Family BRACONIDZ. 

British species 439, distributed into 125 genera, as enumerated 
by the Rev. T. A. Marshall in his Catalogue, published in 1872. 
Like that of the allied groups, the literature is much scattered; 
the principal authorities being Forster (for the genera his 
‘Synopsis d. Familien und Gattungen d. Braconen,’ Bonn, 
1863); Nees ab Esenbeck (‘Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus 
affintum monographie,’ 2 vols., 1834); Wesmael (‘ Monographie 
des Braconides de Belgique,’ 1835-7; and other works); Ratzeburg 
(Die Ichneumonen d. Forstinsekten, 1844-52) ; Haliday ; Ruthe; 
Bouché; Curtis, &c. The Rev. T. A. Marshall gives a useful 
article in Ent. Ann. 1874, referred to in connection with 
Ichneumonide: a table of Braconide and their hosts is given at 
p. 125; and at p. 144 Is a list of 8 British species worthy of 
special mention. 

The remarks on collection and preservation made under the 
head of Ichneumonidz apply equally to the present family. For 
the following names of Yorkshire species I am indebted to the 
Rey. T, A. Marshall (see remarks under “Ichneumonidz,” p. 36). 


40 ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE BRACONID&., 


BRACONIDES. 
Bracon anthracinus, Ves. 


RHOGADIDES. 
Clinocentrus exsertor, (lees). 
Rhogas bicolor, ( Sp.) 

R. circumscriptus, (ees ). 


| 
| 
REDY SIS AILUIDISS | Rey. T. A. Marshall’s 
Colastes braconius, al. Boies ® 
| 
| 
J 


SIGALPHIDES. List. 


Sigaiphus caudatus, JVees. 


MICROGASTERIDES. 
Apanteles falcatus, (Vees). 
A. lacteus, (Vees ). 

A. glomeratus, (Z.) 


This is the very abundant ichneumon which infests Pzeris 
brassice, and whose yellow cocoons are so well known clustered 
round its dead or dying caterpillar. Abundant about Leeds, 
Harrogate, &c. (Roebuck). Huddersfield, &c. (Bairstow). 


Microplitis alvearia, (7ad.) Specimens were bred by 
Mr. W. Buckler from specimens of Dasypfolia Templi which were 
sent him by Mr. James Varley, from Yorkshire (E.M.M. April 
1868, iv. 252 and 253): I presume from the wellknown locality 
near Denby Dale. 
PERILITIDES. 
Protelus chrysophthalmus, (S#z7. ) | 
Perilitus micropterus, ad. 
P. ictericus, (lVees.) | 
Pr cinctellus, (Lees. ) | Rey. T. A. Marshall’s 
MACROCENTRIDES. } “ Vorkshire” 
Zele chlorophthalmus, (/Vees. ) | List. 
Macrocentrus marginator, (/Vees. ) | 
ALYSIIDES. | 
Apheereta cephalotes, (Ha/.) J 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE OXYURA. 41 


Diaspasta contracta, (Ha/.) | 
Alysia manducator, (7:.) | 


Phzenocarpa ruficeps, (Ves. ) 
| Rey. T. A. Marshall’s 


DACNUSIDES. 1} “ Yorkshire” 
Cheenon anceps, (Hai. ) | ie 
Ceelinius niger, (Vees.) 
Rhizarcha areolaris, (/Vees.) | 
Dacnusa talaris, Za. J 


Tribe OX YURA. 


The Rev. T. A. Marshall, the compiler of the Ent. Society’s 
‘Catalogue of British Hymenoptera: Oxyura,’ (1873) enumerates 
therein 83 genera and 373 species, included in 11 families: 
Proctotrypide, Ceraphronide, Bethylide, Dryinide, Embolimide, 
ffeloride, Belytide, Diapritde, Scelionide, Platygastride, and 
Mymaride. The vast majority of these insects are minute in size 
and parasitic in habits. ‘The literature, as usual, much scattered. 
The chief authorities are Forster (Hym. Studien, 2 Hefte, 
1850-6), Curtis, Haliday, Nees ab Esenbeck (Hym. Ichn. affin. 
monog. 2 vols., 1834), Ratzeburg (Die Ichn. d. Forstins.), Thom- 
son (Ofversigt), Boheman, Dalman, Herrich-Schaffer, Westwood, 
Walker (Ent. Mag.), Marshall (E.M.M.‘on some British Diapriide,’ 
Feb., 1868, iv. 201) &c. See mention of ro species in Marshall’s 
paper in the Ent. Ann. 1874, pp. 131 and 145. 

Collection and preservation of these atoms: see under 
“ Ichneumonide,” p. 36. 


No Yorkshire species as yet placed on record. 


CHALCIDID:. 


The literature of this group is in an extremely unsatisfactory 
state, there not even being, as in allied groups, a synonymic 
or any other catalogue of British species of recent date. The 
group has been studied by F. Walker (Monographia Chalciditum, 
2 yols. 1839: Linnean Transactions, xx. 153; various B, M. 


42 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE CHALCIDID. 


publications 1846 and 1848; Notes in the Entom. 1871, &c.); West- 
wood; Halidayand others. The 4thvol. of Thomson’s Hymenoptera 
Scandinaviee is devoted to the Linnean genus /%eromalus. In his 
classical ‘Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,’ 
published 1840, Prof. Westwood estimates the number of British 
species as follows :—Chalcides, 8; Eurytomides, 34; Spalangiides, 
14; ZLorymides, 73; Muscogasterides, 96; Ormocerides, 33; Ptero- 
malides, 376; Cleonymides, 4; Encyrtides, 155; Lulophides, 224 ;— 
altogether 1037 British species; and he thinks that there are 
probably 1500. These insects are exceedingly minute, of 
parasitic habits, and very obscure. 


Their collection and preservation is referred to under the 
heading “Ichneumonide,” p. 36. 


Our Yorkshire species have not as yet been examined 
sufficiently by any entomologist for us to attempta list. Mr. 
Inchbald sent a gall-maker to Mr. E. A. Fitch, viz. :— 


Eurytoma hyalipennis ? Galls on Ammophila arundi- 
nacea, near Saltburn. 


Family CHR VSIDIDZ. 


A small group of very brilliantly metallic-coloured insects, 
which have received such English names as Golden-wasps, Ruby- 
flies, &c. Conspicuous by their refulgent and resplendent colours. 
In 1862 Mr. Frederick Smith wrote a Monograph of the British 
species, which will be found in the Entomologist’s Annual for 
1862, pp. 82-104. Mr. Smith there enumerated 6 genera and 22 
species, and these numbers remain the same in the Rev. T. A. 
Marshall’s Catalogue, published in 1872. In addition to the 5 
species in the following list, which are all we are as yet able to 
show for our county, I have seen an old record (circé 1835?) 
of Hedychrum regium (? = A. lucidulum, Fab.) at “ Rufforth 
Wood.” 


Hedychrum roseum, (ossz). One specimen near Wake- 
field (Smith, Mon. Chrys. in Ent. Ann, 1862, p. 101). 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE CHRYSIDIDA. 43 


Chrysis ignita, Z. Smith bred numerous specimens from 
anest of Vespa rufa which he obtained in 1852 in Yorkshire 
(near Wakefield). (Zool. 1852, x. 3702; B.F.H. 1858, p. 219; 
Ent. Ann. 1861, p. 80). I have found this abundantly at 
Knaresbro’! Pannal! Harewood! East Rigton near Wetherby! 
Thorner! Meanwood! and Moor Allerton, near Leeds ! 


C. Ruddii, Stuck. Yorkshire (Smith, List B. Hym. Acul. in 
B.M. 1851, p. 108), 


C. viridula, Z. Abundant at Pannal, flying about earth- 
banks in 1870! 


C. Austriaca, /ad. Mr. F. Smith has taken it freely in 
_ Yorkshire (Mon. Chrys., Ent. Ann. 1862, p. 92). 


a 


ACULEATA. 
The Hymenoptera have usually been divided into two great 
divisions: I. The Terebrantia, comprising all the preceding 


groups; and II. The Aculeata, including the four succeeding 
ones. 


The Aculeata include all the Social species—Ants, Wasps, 
and Bees—as well as a large number of solitary species. In July 
1852 Mr. F, Smith collected aculeata round Wakefield, and as 
the result of his investigations gave a complete list of the species 
he met with (5 saw-flies and 69 aculeata), in the Zoologist for the 
same year (x. 3625-6). Therein he stated that the first 
impression left on his mind as constituting a marked difference 
between Yorkshire and the London district, was the immense 
abundance of the social Hymenoptera as compared with the 
solitary species, and also as compared with their occurrence near 
London, or, in fact, in any district which he had investigated in 
the South of England. On the borders of the woods the nests of 
wasps were found in astonishing numbers, principally those of 
Vespa vulgaris; those of V. rufa were not by any means 
uncommon; and those of J”. Worvegica were also occasionally to be 
met with, as well as of V. arborea, Several of the species of 


4a ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ACULEATA. 


humble-bees, particularly Bombus lucorum, abounded in immense 
profusion, while as to the ants, Mr. Smith’s remarks will be found 
below (see ALyrmica scabrinodis). 

My experience corroborates Mr. Smith’s view of the relative 
abundance of social and solitary aculeata, especially bees: often 
have I wondered that I have not seen the air darkened with the 
immense clouds of Azxthophora noticed in the south, and that I 
have so seldom met with examples of the so-called common 
species of the genera Osmia, Megachile, Anthidium, Chelostoma, 
&c., while on the other hand Humble-Bees (4ombus), Wasps 
(Vespa), and Ants (Formica and AZyrmica) abound in every part 
of the county. Tables of geographical distribution show that the 
various genera of solitary hymenoptera are of southern range, 
and abound most in species and individuals in warm climates, 
while on the other hand the Humble-Bees are decidedly northern 
in their range, penetrating far into the Arctic Regions and only 
appearing in the Tropics in diminished numbers. Why this 
should be so has yet to be ascertained, but meanwhile the fact 
remains that our county is, as regards its hymenoptera as well as 
in geographical position, decidedly of northern tendency. 


Tribe HETEROG VNA—Aiuts. 


The British Ants are described in Smith’s ‘Catalogue of 
British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidee, and Vespide, in the 
collection of the British Museum,’ 1858 (6/-), to the number of 
8 genera and 33 species, distributed among the families Formzcde, 
Poneride, Myrmicide, and Mutillide. 


A paper by Mr. Smith, published in the E.M.M. for July 
1865 (ii. 28-30), will be found very useful and suggestive. The 
number of British species given in the most recent enumeration 
(F. Smith’s ‘Catalogue of British Hymenoptera; Aculeata,’ 1871, _ 
published by the Ent. Soc.) is 35 species in 12 genera and the 4 
families before mentioned: increased to 36 species by the 
discovery of a new form, Poera tarda, Charsley (E.M.M. 1877, 
xiv. 162). For comparison, Bold’s Catalogue for Northumberland 
and Durham includes 13 species. 


Trans. Y.N.U.,1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ANTS, 45 


An interesting feature in the economy of ants, as Mr. Smith 
has lately written me, is that ‘‘in the nests of several species of 
ants are to be found some of the rarer species of Coleoptera, 
belonging principally to the Staphylinidz ; no less than seventeen 
species of beetles have been found in the nest of Formica rufa, 
five in that of / fusca, and fifteen in that of / fuliginosa,; some 
of these are supposed to be in some way beneficial to the com- 
munities in which they are found; this is usually during the 
breeding season, after whtch they are rarely found.” 


In the Entom., March 1869, iv. 232, Mr. Newman gives the 
name of AZyrmica domestica to some insects sent him by Mr. 
Isaac Sharp of Middlesbro’, who states that a pot of preserved 
ginger brought him some two years before by a sea captain from the 
East, on accidentally breaking proved to contain these insects, 
No doubt these are the same insects which inhabit bake-houses in 
Leeds, and which when examined will no doubt add to our list 
the name of Diplorhoptrum domesticum, Shuck., the House Ant. 
They are very minute in size and are not originally indigenous to 
this*country, the first specimens haying been imported some fifty 
years ago from Rio de Janeiro, although its subsequent dispersal 
in this country has been very rapid. 


Formica rufa, Z. The Wood Ant. Recorded in 1836 as 
occurring in Kirkstall Woods near Leeds (Henry Denny in 
Curtis’s Brit. Ent. 1836, vol. viii., erratum to plate 582). 
Wakefield district in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 
Recorded in 1864 for Brockerdale by the Wakefield Naturalists 
(J. Hepworth in the ‘ Naturalist’ for Oct. 15, 1864, i. 188). Nests 
plentiful near Scarborough (T. Wilkinson, E.M.M. June 1865, ii. 
14). Grass Low Wood, near Grassington ; large colonies _existing 
here are mentioned in a local guide book (Harker’s Rambles in 
Upper Wharfedale, 1869, p. 44). In 1872 I verified this 
occurrence and found that the ants and their hills were familiar 
objects to the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, who remember 
them for thirty years back. Abundant in Sprotborough Woods near 
Doncaster! on Wharncliffe Crags near Sheffield! and in the 
Woods at Fryston near Pontefract! No doubt introduced in all 


46 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE ANTS. 


these places, as their cocoons are greatly in demand for the 
feeding of game. 
F. nigra, Z. 
F. fuliginosa, Lads. 
F. flava, De Geer { 
Myrmica ruginodis, Vy7. Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Also see under next species. 


1 wakefield district in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


M. scabrinodis, 22. Speaking of the immense pre- 
ponderance of social over solitary hymenoptera in Yorkshire 
as compared with the Southern counties, Mr. Fred. Smith 
(Zool. 1852, x. 3625-6) states as the result of his collect- 
ing near Wakefield in July 1852, that “In stony fields on 
hill-sides I found colonies of Myrmica rubya in such immense 
numbers that were I to say they occurred under every stone, as 
applied to fields in general, I speak strictly according to truth.” 
And again (B. Foss. Hym. 1858, p. 3) he says:—“On the hilly 
fields in Yorkshire I observed a colony of this, or the preceding 
species [AZ ruginodis|, under almost every stone.” 


M. levinodis, WZ “Taken near Woolley. F. Smith” 
(in litt.) Wakefield district in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


Stenamma Westwoodii, S7ef/. Several specimens at 
Scarborough in 1871 by R. Lawson (Smith, Ent. Ann. 1872, 
p- 98). Resides in the nests of Formica rufa (F. Smith in litt.) 


Myrmosa melanocephala, (/ad.) Near Wakefield in 
July 1852 (Smith, Zool. x. 3626 and B.F.H., 1858, p. 44). 


Tribe FOSSORES. 

These insects are fully monographed by Shuckard (‘Essay 
on the Indigenous Fossorial Hymeneptera,’ 1837) and F. Smith 
(‘Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicide and 
Vespide in the Collection of the British Museum,’ 1858). 

The number of British species in 1871 was 119, distributed 
in 34 genera and the families Scolizde, Sapygide, Pompilide, 
Sphegide, Larride, Nyssonide, Crabronide, and Philanthide, as 
enumerated in Mr, Smith’s Catalogue of British Aculeate 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE FOSSORES, 47 


Hymenoptera. Since the issue of that list 2 species, Pompzlus 
approximatus, Smith, and Crabro ambiguus, Dahlb., have been 
added to the fauna. 

These insects may be collected and preserved in much the 
same way as the bees, but being of more active habits require a 
sharper eye and quicker hand for their capture. 

Bold’s Northumberland and Durham Catalogue includes 36 
species, against which the 27 species enumerated below makes 
but a poor show. 

Sapyga quinquepunctata, (/ad.)=S. quadriguttata, 
(Fab.) Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). “ York- 
shire”. (F. Smith, B.F. H. 1858, p. 51). 

S. clavicornis, (Z.) Wakefield district, July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. 1852, x. 3626). Near Wakefield, captured as late as 
the 18th July. (Smith, B.F.H. 1858, p. 52). 

Pompilus fuscus, (Z.) ae district in July 1852 

P. gibbus, (Z.) (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

P. spissus, Schzodte. “Yorkshire” (Smith, B.F.H. 1858, 
p. 58). Most likely this is the new species, “allied to P. gibbus, 
but very distinct,” mentioned by F. Smith as taken near Wake- 
field in July 1852 (Zool. x. 3626). 

Priocnemis exaltatus, 7vd. Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

Agenia variegata, (Z.) Several (seven ?, one ¢) taken in 
July 1852 near Wakefield by Mr. Smith (‘Athenzeum,’ Aug. 14, 
R52) Da O75 2 Fy smith, Zool, 1852, x 3026. Berl. 1858) p. 73°: 
and Entom. Sep. 1867, ul. 322). 

Ceropales maculata, (/ad.) Near Wakefield (Smith 
Baw. 1858, p:.77): 

Tachytes pompiliformis, (fazz.) Has “occurred at 
Yarm” (Smith, B.F.H. 1858, p. 89). 

Nysson spinosus, (fad.) Near Wakefield, July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Has been taken in Yorkshire in July 
(Smith, B.F.H. 1858, p. 98). 


48 E ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE FOSSORES. 


Gorytes mystaceus, (Z.) ) Near Wakefield, July 1852 
Trypoxylon figulus, os (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626.) 
Crabro dimidiatus, 7a. Mr. Smith took it in abundance 
near Wakefield in July 1852 (Zool. x. 3626: B.F.H. 1858, p. 126). 


C. luteipalpis, (St. Farg.J=C. elongatulus, Lind. 
Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


C. leucostoma, (Z.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


C. Wesmaeli, Zezd. Captured in Yorkshire in July by 
Mr. Smith (B. F.H. 1858, p. 136). 

C. capitosus, Stuck. “Yorkshire.” (Smith B. F. H. 1858, 
P. 137). 

C. obliquus, Szuck. 

C. cribrarius, (Z. ) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 

C. patellatus, (:.) [ Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

C. vagus, (Z.) J 

C. Lindenius, Siwck. A specimen bred in Sep. 1859 from 
a piece of willow-wood sent from York: the burrows were stored 
with various Diptera (Peter Inchbald, Ent. Weekly Int., Sept. 17, 
1859, Vi. 199). 

C. albilabris, 7ad. Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Smith has “taken both sexes in Yorkshire 
Ghovoraysr |jmhye” ((18, 185 Jel, WOES, o, Wo) 

Diodontus minutus, (fad. ) Near Wakefield in July 

Passaleecus insignis, (Lind. ) 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 

Pemphredon lugubris, (/ad. ) x BOAD)) 

Cemonus unicolor, (Zzzd.) Near Wakefield in July 
1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Bred in July 1870 from dead 
bramble-sticks stored with Aphides, found at Lofthouse by Mr. 
George Roberts: the insects were named by Mr. Frederick Smith 
(Roberts’ Rural Notes for 1870, reprinted from the ‘ Yorkshire 
Post’ in the ‘ Zoologist,’ August 1871, 5.S. vi. 2710). 
_Mimesa equestris, (Zind.) “Has occurred in Yorkshire” 
(Smith B, F. H. 1858, p. 183). 


Trans.Y.N.U. 1877. Series D 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


MmORK SHIR E 
ieee URALISTS UNION. 


Series E: 


BOTANY... 


The Botanical Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union 
was founded by a vote of the Council of the Union on Dec. 2, 
1876, and at the same time Mr. C. P. Hobkirk, of Huddersfield, 
and Dr. Parsons, of Goole, were appointed as the nucleus of the 
committee with power to add to their number. The Section held 
its first meeting at Pontefract on April 2, 1877, when Mr. Joseph 
Wainwright, F.L.S., of Wakefield, was elected president, and Dr. 
Parsons secretary, with a Committee consisting of the following » 
gentlemen :— 

Rev. W. FOWLER, M.A., Liversedge. 
R. EARNSHAW, Ovenden. 

J. FRENCH, Auddersfeld, 

C, P. HOBKIRK, Auddersfield. 

F, ARNOLD LEES, F.L.S., Zeeds. 
H. R. MOISER, F.G.S., York. 

E, TAYLOR, Huddersfield, 

G, WEBSTER, Vore. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. , 1h i, 


2 BOTANICAL SECTION—1877. 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION: 


BOTANICAL SECTION. 


The first Annual Meeting was held at Wakefield, on 
Oct. 6, 1877, when the report printed at page 3 was read and 
adopted. The officers elected for 1878 were :— 


PRESIDENT : 
Rev. W. FOWLER, M.A.,. Zzversedge. 


SECRETARY : 
EE PARSONS; MDs m.G:s),. (Goole: 


REPORT 


OF THE 


BOTANICAL SECTION: 
LS7 7. 


—_—¢+0-9——_. 


In the following report the Committee of the Section have 
not attempted to embody more than the records of the plants 
observed at the excursions of the Union during the veal. lo 
obtain lists of local plants from district societies and private 
individuals, and to attempt to compile from them a catalogue of 
the Flora of the West Riding or County they have felt to be a 
task, not only beyond their powers, but also quite superfluous, 
inasmuch as a work on the flora of Mid-West and South-West 
Yorkshire is about to issue from the pen of Mr. F. Arnold Lees, 
F.L.S., while the two vice-counties of North-West and North- 
East Yorkshire have already been treated most extensively on a 
similar plan by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S. 


Of the 1680 flowering plants and vascular cryptogams 
enumerated in the 7th edition of the London Catalogue, 502 
species have been observed at our meetings. The numbers’ 
recorded at the several meetings have been as follows :— 


Pontefract, Apml znd’... ... 40 species. 
Wetherby, May 21st Serene Kt < 
Nostellaume othe an ee eel * 
Shipleyan uly 14th | 200 * 
Goolew AugusiiGthyes bes. ie. .8 207 3 
Copley, September 8th ... 167 * 


Many species, of course, have been recorded at several 
meetings. 


4 BOTANICAL REPORT—1877. 


The Pontefract meeting was held too early in the year for 
many flowering plants to be seen; those that were observed were 
mostly the very common and generally distributed species, 
though one or two, as Viola hirta and Lnula Conyza, belonged 
to the type of plants loving a dry calcareous soil. About 20 
mosses and a few other cryptogamia were met with, all of common 
kinds. 

At Wetherby and its neighbourhood a characteristic calca- 
reous flora was met with,- although, owing to the extreme 
backwardness of the spring, fewer plants were found than would 
have been the case in a more genial season. ‘The great size and 
age attained by timber trees in that neighbourhood, as for 
instance the Cowthorpe oak, attracted attention. Mosses were 
plentiful and other cryptogamia fairly so. Afndum pinctatum and 
serratum fruited profusely among damp sand by the River Nidd. 


At the Nostell excursion the plants met with, although 
somewhat more numerous than at Wetherby, owing to the season 
being more advanced, were mostly such as are generally distri- 
buted. A few bog plants were found at Cold Hiendley, and 
Sharleston Common yielded some sand-loving species, while the 
limestone flora was represented only by Anthy lis vulnervarta on 
the railway embankment, possibly introduced by human agency. 
About 20 mosses were found on Sharleston Common, including 
one or two rare species, but mostly stunted and sterile. 


At the Shipley meeting a great variety of plants was met with, 
owing partly to the number of different routes taken by different 
parties. On Rombald’s Moor species of a northern and alpine type 
were met with, as Vaccintum Vitis-idea, Trientalis europea (very 
scarce but in flower), Lwpetrim nigrum, Racomitrium aciculare 
and fasciculare, Parimelia omphalodes and Evernia furfuracea. 
Other species affecting hilly countries of less elevation were Geum 
sivale, Myrrhis odorata, Crepis paludosa, &c. Mosses, hepaticee, 
lichens, and algz were met with in profusion in Shipley Glen and 
elsewhere in the neigbourhood of Rombald’s Moor. 


At Goole a larger number of flowering plants was observed 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1877, 5 


than at either of the other meetings, and many of them were local 
or rare species. On the banks of the tidal Ouse are found several 
maritime or rather salt-marsh plants, as Aster Tripolium and 
Glaux maritima; the plants of sandy and rocky sea shores are 
however absent, as also the saline Chenopodiacee. The flora of 
Goole Moor, or Thorne Waste, resembles that of the high 
western moors, but differs in the absence of L7ica cinerea and 
the two Vaccinta—V. myrtillus and V. Vitis-cdea, and also in the 
great local abundance of Azdromeda folifolia. Several other very 
local species are met with there. Lypetrum nigrum is found on 
Goole Moor, but only on the margins of the ponds frequented by 
wild fowl, by whose droppings the seeds may perhaps have been 
conveyed thither. ‘The rarity of Graminez and of plants with 
yellow flowers is remarkable, as is also the entire change in the 
flora effected by the process of “warping.” The wet sandy 
common called Rawcliffe Rabbit Hills yielded plants peculiar to 
such places, ¢.g., Drosera intermedia, Hypericum elodes, Gentiana 
Pneumonanthe and Pilularta globulifera. It is probably somewhat 
similar to what Goole Moor was before the accumulation of peat 
took place. The number of cryptogams observed at the Goole 
meeting was not large, but certain kinds of mosses, as Sphagnum 
and Polytrichum, were extremely abundant and luxuriant on the 
Moor. 


At Norland Moor the flora resembled that at Rombald’s 
Moor, but Lmpetrum nigrum was absent. A diminution was 
observed in the total number of species seen, due in part to the 
season being nearly past. _ Hepaticee were unusually plentiful, 
mosses and fungi moderately so, and lichens very scarce. 2 

In South-West Yorkshire, as defined by Mr. H. C. Watson, 
z.é., that part of the West Riding south of the Aire and the 
Leeds and Liverpool Canal, 18 species have been observed not 
included in “Topographical Botany” (published in 1873) as 
inhabiting that vice-county, viz. :— 


Ranunculus hirsutus, Curtis... Goole 
Drosera intermedia, Hayne ... Goole Moor and Rawcliffe. 


6 BOTANICAL REPORT—1877. 


Spergularia neglecta, Sj7we, var.media,/7zes. Goole 
to} WES 2 3 


Hypericum elodes, Z. ... ag ... Raweliffe 

Apium grayeolens, Z. ... Bits ta Goole 

Sium latifolium, Z. ae a sug) (GOle [or casual) 
Centaurea Calcitrapa, Z. ... ae Brighouse (colonist 
Atriplex erecta, Huds. ... ues ... Goole 

Atriplex deltoidea, Bad, ae ae Copley 

Orchis incarnata, Z. aes ae ... Goole 

Juncus Gerardi, Zozs. sli be Goole 

Scirpus Tabernzemontani, Gmel.... .;, (Goole 

Scirpus maritimus, ZL. ua ame Goole 

Carex divisa, Huds. ae ft Goole 

Carex stricta, Good. ... aA — Goole Moor 
Sclerochloa maritima, Zimal. ... Goole 

Lepturus filiformis, Z77z. —... ss Goole (casual) 
Pilularia globulifera, Z. ... a ... Rawcliffe 


Some of these species however are given in old floras as 
observed by botanists of a past generation, and these observa- 
vations are therefore properly confirmatory records rather than 
real discoveries, while others have been recorded for South-West 
Yorkshire since 1873 in the reports of the Botanical Locality 
Record Club. 

For Mid-West Yorkshire, z.e., that part of the West Riding 
north of the Aire, no new records have been made, but the 
occurrence of TZ7ientalis europea, marked with a query in 
“Topographical Botany,” has been verified. 

The Committee hope that in any scheme for the detailed 
investigation of the flora of the county, the “vice-counties” of 
Mr. Watson will be recognized, being, as they are, well known and 
generally received among botanists, and marked by boundaries 
easy to be distinguished. 


In Cryptogamic Botany the workers are less numerous than 
the committee could wish. In this field far more remains to be 
reaped than in that of the flowering plants, yet the labourers are 
few indeed. The distribution in space—horizontal and vertical 
—of the perennial flowerless plants, mosses, liverworts, and 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1877. 7 


lichens, if well worked out, would probably yield results of great 
value to geographical botany. 

Of Mosses a fair number has been obtained at each of our 
excursions; the total number of species observed is 84 out of the 
568 known to be British. Two of the species, Didymodon 
sinuosus, Wils., found at Collingham, and Dédymodon luridus, 
Hornsch, found at Sharleston, had not before been found in 
Yorkshire. : 

Hepaticee. The plants of this order prefer the hilly and rainy 
western parts of our island, and as might be expected, a larger 
number of them were found at Shipley and Copley than at any 
other of our meetings. Thirteen out of 136 British species have 
been found, all of them such as are common in places where the 
conditions favourable to their existence are met with. 

Lichens. The smoke-blackened tree-trunks and stones of 
the manufacturing districts of the West Riding are not favourable 
to the growth of these plants. Only 22 out of the 568 British 
species enumerated by Crombie have been met with. Of these 
the common fe/figera canina is the only one not recorded for 
Yorkshire in Leighton’s Lichen Flora, and this species must 
no doubt have been frequently observed before. 


Algze. The fresh-water Algze are very generally neglected 
by our field botanists, doubtless in great part owing to there 
being no recent or accessible hand-book on the order. In- 
teresting however as the Confervoid Algze are to the morphologi- 
cal and physiological botanist, they promise less aid to 
geographical botany than do the foregoing orders, since many of 
them are ubiquitous in their distribution and their occurrence is 
determined rather by the presence of a suitable medium than by 
geographical situation. ‘Thirteen species have been found at our 
meetings, and as no systematic list of Yorkshire Alge has ever 
been published it will be worth while recording their names, 
although most of them are common species. 

Lemania fluviatilis, dg. ... 7) Suipley, Glen 


Draparnaldia plumosa, Ag. ... Wetherby 
Cladophora glomerata, Z... ... Shipley Glen 


3 BOTANICAL REPORT—1877. 


Conferva bombycina, Ay. ... Pontefract and Norland Moor 
Conferva capillaris, Ag. ... .Hawksworth Springs 
Spirogyra quinina, Ac... Sharleston 

Tyndaridea lutescens, Hass. ... Sharleston : 
Prasiola crispa, Lzghtf. _ ... Rombald’s Moor and Copley 


Closterium Ehrenbergu, JZenegh. Hawksworth Springs 
Cosmarium margaritiferum, 7i7p. Hawksworth Springs 
Fragilaria virescens, Ra//s ... Hawksworth Springs 
Diatoma vulgare, Bory  ... Hawksworth Springs 
Himantidium undulatum, Sith Hawksworth Springs 


Fungi present a wide field to the botanist, and the West 
‘Riding seems more favourable to them than to some of the other 
cryptogamic orders, but only 39 species out of the 2809 found in 
Britain have been recorded at our meetings. The smallness of 
‘this proportion is due partly to the fact that the summer, when 
our excursions are held, is not the most favourable time of the 
year for fungi; partly to the perishable nature of the larger fleshy 
kinds, which if not made out at the time of gathering can scarcely 
be determined afterwards; and partly to the inconspicuousness 
of the minute kinds, which escape notice unless specially looked 
for. Most of the fungi were of common kinds, but among them 
the following may be mentioned :— 


Agaricus (Entoloma) clypeatus, Z. Wetherby 
Ag. (Tricholoma) rutilans, Sche7# Norland Moor 
Agaricus (Hebeloma) rimosus, u/Z Norland Moor 


Agaricus (Galera) tener, Scheff. Sharleston 

Reticularia umbrina, //7zes ...Cowthorpe and Sharleston 
Perichena populina, Fries... Wetherby 

Morchella semilibera, D.C. we Wethenby, 

Peziza acetabulum, JZ... “oe Wetherby 

Vibrissea truncorum, /77es ser ohipley 


WILLIAM FOWLER, resident. 
H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., Secretary. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. 


THE 


4 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


YORKSHIRE > 
NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


PART on 
‘Issued in ihe Subscribers for the year 1878. 


Aer N. B Digs se Subseribers for'1878 will also be entitled to) receive | 
Part Y when issued. 


CONTENTS: 


‘Series D—Arnicutara—Sheet if: 


Yorkshire Hymenoptera : Réport o on Present State of Knowledge, 


an M oR; and first list of Bee (concluded). : 
ait a She a Ae AREAL ere nL Ga ee oh, WW BE DENISON ‘Rornuck, 


“Yorkshire Hymenoptera in 1878 ae second list of species. . 
: “Wa. DENISON ROEBUCK (commences) ne ee 


ee E--Borany—Sheets 25 3 and 4. 
"Report of the Botanical. Section for 1878. 
iow) Ree FRANKLIN PARSONS, M. D, ‘r Gs, PP- 10 to 20: ay 


_ Supplement to the. Botanical Report or 1878. “ ‘a eg 
WEY FRANKLIN PARSONS, 1 M. D, EG. S., , PP. 29 to 50. “a 


The Moss Piers oe the: East Riding. ae seat | 
cee Oe PRANKLIN PARSONS, M. D., F. G s\ , P- 5h fn 


pare ‘wee: ® ue Aas Run an aban airmanen 
TAYLOR. BROTHERS, PRINTERS, St ANN, STREET, hee gout 
Gok Cee 


Dov sli Natural lists’ hyioy: 


1879. 
President. : 
Hy. Gee SORBY, LL.D., HRS. Pres. GiS., &e., Sheffield. 
é f V; el Preekieae 
Rev. Wm. Fow er, M.A., Liversedge. 
Secretartes : 


Grorcr Brook, ter., F.L,S., Fernbrook, Huddersfield. 
Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, Suey Bank, Leeds. 


THE SOCIETIES 


at present in the Union are the Huddersfield, Heckmondwike, Clayton- West, 
Barnsley, Wakefield, Ovenden, Elland-cum- Greet] land, Ripponden, Holmfirth, 
Liversedge, Rastrick-cum- Brighouse, Mirfield, Honley, Middlestown, and 
Bradford Naturalists’ Societies; Leeds Naturalists? Club and Scientific Associa- 
tion’; Goole Scientific: Society ;. York and District Field Naturalists’ Society; ©” 
Selby Naturalists’ Society ; Huddersfield “Literary and Scientific Society ; 
Huddersfield Scientific. Club; Conchological Society (Leeds); Sheffield 
Naturalists’ Club ; Leeds Geological Association ; Bradford Scientific Associa- 
tion ;» Driffield Literary and Scientific Society ;.and Dewsbury Naturalists’ : 
penety, Be0y 


} 


SECTIONS. PEN ee 
pe the better working of the various branches of Science, five Sections 
have been formed, each having its own officers and committee. x 
The’ Officers of Sections will be glad to receiye information from’ the’ 
_ members, as the scope of the Sections will not be simply confined to the work 
done at the meetings, but will embrace the investigation of the Natural 
' History of the County in its widest sense. ; 


 “B.« VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 


President : THOMAS LISTER, Victoria Crescent, Barnsley. 
Secretary: W. E. CLARKE, 5, East View, Hyde Park epee) Leeds. 


cones Hie C. CoNncHOLoGy. 
President : JOHN CONACHER, jun, 

Lothian Place, Spring: Wood, Hada erecta: | 
Seoretary : oe WILCOCK, Northgate, Wakefield. : 


D. ENTOMOLOGY. 


President :, WILLIAM PREST, 13, Holgate Road, York. 
Secretary: S. D. BAIRSTOW, Woodland Mount, Huddersfield, 


‘£. » BOTANY.* | 
President: REV. W. FOWLER, M.A.,, Pcioaee: ey 
eet H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D.. F.G.S., Goole. . 

wae ee WILLIAM WEST, 15, Horton. Lane, Bradford. Nae 


F. GEOLOGY. ae 

President : PROF. A. H. GREEN, MAL GaSe iN Bele 
“The Yorkshire Caleee Leeds. em 

Secretary ; JAMES SPENCER, 8, Sali ee Maha Halifax. ae: 


Aesm of Comp>, 


fo = Tae 
{a teology ‘L\ 


OCT 11 1945.) 
/SRARL 


36 AGN ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE WASPS. — 49 


M. bicolor, (/urine.) Mr. Smith has taken it in Yorkshire 
(B.F. H. 1858, p. 184). 


Tribe DIPLOPTE RA— Wasps. 

This tribe is divided into two families, the Lumenide, or 
solitary wasps, and the Vesf7de, or social wasps. Of the former 
were enumerated in Smith’s ‘Cat. Brit. Hym.Acul.,’ 1871, 2 genera 
and 13 species (in 1876 increased to 14 by the capture of 
Odynerus reniformis, Gmel., in the South of England) and of the 
latter family 1 genus of 7 species. 

The British species are monographed by Mr. Smith in his 
B.M.Cat., 1858,and the’7 social wasps well figured by Dr. Ormerod 
in his ‘ British Social Wasps,’ 1868, figures of the nests being also 
given in the latter work. The student of wasps in general who 
does not restrict his investigations by geographical limits is 
exceptionally fortunate in having at his command the complete 
monographs and splendid figures of De Saussure’s ‘Etudes sur la 
Famille des Vespides,’ 3 vols., 1852—58. 

It will be seen by the following list that of the Vesgzde all 
the British species are recorded for our county, including the 
Hornet; although I believe that its range does not extend 
further north than the midland counties of England, all assertions 
to the contrary notwithstanding. 


Odynerus gracilis, Gruléé=O. elegans, Wesm. Near 
Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

O. spinipes, (Z.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, 
Zool. x. 3626). 

O. parietum, (Z.)=O. parietinus, Curtis. Near Wakefield 
in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


O. trimarginatus, Ze¢z. Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


O. Antilope, (fanz.) “Very abundant in Yorkshire” 
(Smith, B.F.H. 1858, p. 211). 


Vespa Crabro, Z. The Hornet. I have seen three 


1D) 2h 


50 ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE WASPS. 


specimens in Mr. Robert Cook’s collection’ which he states to 
have been taken at Bishophill, York, aobve 30 years ago, by a 
friend of his whose bee-hives the Hornets infested. I cannot 
help thinking that there is some mistake in this record, and that 
the Hornet cannot be admitted into the Yorkshire fauna. It is 
so large and conspicuous an insect that if it was a true denizen 
of our county the fact would be well known and attested by 
specimens in many collections. ‘True, it has often been reported 
to me, but the production of specimens has invariably dispelled 
the illusion by their turning out to be large wasps. The only 
other Northern records I have seen are two in number: Mr. Bold 
admits it into his Northumberland and, Durham list on what I 
cannot but consider very unsatisfactory grounds: and in the 
E.M.M. Dr. Chapman, a competent observer, records that a 
Hornet sailed within a foot of him at Glen Coe, in Scotland, but 
the specimen in this case having. only been seen, not caught, it 
remains open to doubt whether Dr. Chapman may not after all 
have been mistaken, in spite of his wellknown entomological 
attainments. Moreover the specimen being a solitary one, it is 
still further open to doubt, supposing the species to have been 
correctly identified on the wing by Dr. Chapman, whether it was 
not a straggler, accidentally introduced. 


Vespa vulgaris, Z. The Common Wasp. 


The nests were very abundant in July 1852 on the borders 
of woods near Wakefield (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3625-6 ; also 3699 
et seq. Frequent at Pannal! Leeds! Bramham! and near Grass- 


ington. 


Vespa Germanica, fab. Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). The most abundant species that I 
have taken : Leeds! Barwick-in-Elmet ! Harrogate! Pannal ! &c. 


Vespa rufa, Z. “Yorkshire” (Smith, Ent. Ann, 1861, p. 80). 
The nests were not by any means uncommon near Wakefield 
in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 1852, x. 3626). One was taken in 
a bank, containing about 150 wasps, all neuters with the exception 
of one female and about half-a-dozen recently developed males, 


Trans. Y.N U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE WASPS. 51 


and kept by Mr. Smith in London for observation. ‘This colony 
is the subject of a paper by him in the ‘Zoologist’ for the same 
year (x. 3699 to 3703). Abundant about Leeds! Harrogate! 
Pannal! &c. In 1873 a hybernating female was found on the 7th 
December under a log of wood in Bulcliffe Woods near Wakefield ! 
by Mr. George Taylor: it lived in a torpid state till the beginning 
of February. 


Vespa sylvesiris, Svof. A nest taken on the moors near 
Pateley Bridge in 1864 (E. Foxton-Firby in the ‘ Naturalist,’ Oct. 
TPS OO... O1)): 

I have taken the wasp at Pannal! and at Leeds! and a nest 
was brought to me taken in July 1874 on a furze bush at Bramhope. 


Mr. Smith assures me that “this species not unfrequently 
constructs an underground nest.” (letter 28 June, 1878), 


Vespa arborea, Smith. ‘The first known specimens were 
discovered in 1836 by Mr. F. Smith, building nests in firwoods 
on a ridge between Leeds and Wakefield, about four miles north 
of the latter place. (Smith, B. F. H. 1858, p. 219 &c.: Ormerod, 
‘Brit. Soc. Wasps, 1868, p. 218). Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(F. Smith, Zool. 1852, x. 3626). I havea female, which I took 
in a window in one of the most central streets of Leeds! 


V. Norvegica, fad. A nest in August 1837 at Campsall, 
near Doncaster (Edwin Lankester in Neville Wood’s ‘Naturalist’ 
for 1837, ii, 450). A nest at Lofthouse near Wakefield, July, - 
1864 (George Roberts, ‘Rural Notes’ in ‘Leeds Intelligencer’ 
for Jan. 28, 1865). A nest near Bedale in 1865 (‘Field,’ June 24, 
1865, p- 456). Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 
x. 3626). A paper on the economy of a colony of % norvegica, 
the nest of which Mr. Smith took near Wakefield in July 18s2, 
attached to a gooseberry bush, is given by him in the ‘ Zoologist’ 
of that year (x. 3699 to 3703: the colony consisted of about 
about a hundred females, a hundred and fifty workers, but not 
more than twenty males—the latter sex having left the nest during 
the hot weather in July, and had not returned at night, when the 


52 ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 


nest was taken. Stated by Mr. Smith to be “not uncommon in 
Wonks” (IB, I8 Sl, 18R8, 1D, 223)), 


Trite ANTHOPHILA—Bees. 

The student of this group is exceptionally favoured in being 
able to take for his text-book the second edition of Mr. Frederick 
Smith’s ‘Catalogue of British Bees in the collection of the 
British Museum,’ 1876 (price 5/-). 

Directions for collection aud preservation will be found in 
the ‘Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1856, in ‘Science Gossip’ for Oct. 
1875 (this paper also reprinted in Hardwicke’s ‘Notes on 
Collecting and Preserving Natural History Objects,’ 1877), and 
in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for, June and August 1875. 


The number of British genera and species described in the 
above-mentioned monograph ef Mr. Smith’s was (1876): 


fam. Andrenidz... 8 genera 117 species 
yon, AYONCES —soocon POL Pais 94 sy 


aleoennese BO 9 5, ALT ae 
The discovery in 1877 of two new species of Andrenidz in Britain 
(Halictus pauxillus, Schenck, and Rop/ites guinguespinosus, Spin., 
the latter, taken again in 1878—a new genus—being the most 
important addition made to the British list for many years) raised 
these numbers to 27 genera and 213 species. 


The value of this present paper is immeasurably enhanced 
by the fact that through the kindness of Mr. William Talbot of 
Wakefield and by permission of Mr. Frederick Smith, F.Z.S., of 
the British Museum, I am able to embody herein a very full list 
of the bees which occur in the immediate neighbourhood of 
Woolley near Wakefield. This portion of country, which will 
henceforth be to Yorkshire hymenopterists a classic land as the 
scene of Mr. Smith’s chief Yorkshire researches, and which 
includes Woolley Edge, is on sandy soil, very suitable for the 
nidification of various Hymenoptera. It is moreover remarkable, 
as Mr. Smith points out, for the somewhat northern type of its 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 53 


Hymenopterous fauna, several species occurring here which are 
otherwise of Scottish distribution. Mr. Smith, who is by far the 
best of English hymenopterists, has frequently and in various 
years collected in this county, more especially round about 
Wakefield. In 18—, he marked in Mr. Talbot’s copy of his 
“British Bees” (1st ed., pub. 1855) all the species which are 
found within a few miles of Woolley, By the kindness of both 
gentlemen I am able to incorporate herein the names so marked. 
Of the 95 species mentioned below as having been found in 
Yorkshire 85 belong to the neighhourhood of Wakefield. 


The nomenclature given is according to the 2nd edition of 
Smith’s Catalogue, wherein he has changed several well-known 
names for obscure ones—the result of further and more detailed 
comparison of type-specimens. 


ANDRENID&. 
Colletes marginata, (Z.) “Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 
1855, p. 6: and 2nd edition, 1876, p. 5). 


Colletes Daviesana, Sith. Near Wakefield in July 
1852 (F. Smith, Zool. 1852, x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 
“ Vorkshire” (Smith, Entom. July 1867, ul. 298). 


Prosopis dilatata, (Aéy.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 


_ P. communis, (Vy7.)=P. annulatus, (Kby.) Wakefield 
Distuet im July 1852 (. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). “Yorkshire” 
(F. Smith, Entom. Aug. 1867, iil. 307). 

P. signata, (7z.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 

P. varipes, Sm. “Yorkshire” (Smith, Ent.Ann. 1855, 
2nd edition, p. 89). 

Sphecodes gibbus, (Z.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 

S. rufiventris, /Vesm. Woolley (F. Smith, MS.) 


S. subquadratus, Sm. Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). “Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B., both 
editions, pp. 19 and 20). 


54 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE BEES, 


S. ephippius, (Z.) i 
: Wooll Smith MS. 
Andrena cingulata, (Fub.) f° 9 Spee 
A. cineraria, (Z.) ‘In Yorkshire it is not uncommon in 
the month of July” (Smith, B.B. 1855, p. 59: also 2nd edition 
1876, p. 35). Woolley (Smith MS.) 


A. nitida, (Fourc.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 


A. albicans, (Aéy.) Recorded as abundant in the immedi- 
ate vicinity of Bradford on the 31st of May 1851 (a lengthy 
account given by R. H. Meade, Zool. 1851, ix. 3220). Woolley 
(Smith MS.) 


A. fulva, (Schvank.) Common species at Pannal! Scar- 
croft! and generally round Leeds! as Woodhouse Ridge! 
Buslingthorpe! New Leeds! Burley! &c. Common about 
” Wakefield: W. Talbot ! Huddersfield : Jas. Varley! 


A. Clarkella, (Ady. ) 

A. Gwynana, (K2y.) > Woolley (Smith MS.) 

A. helvola, (Z.) : 

A. varians, (oss¢). Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 

A, atriceps, (A2).) 

A. nigro-cenea, (Ady.) 

A. fucata, Sw. “Yorkshire” (Smith, Ent. Ann. 185s, 
p. 91). Both sexes near Wakefield in June (Smith, B.B., 2nd 
edition, 1876, p. 55). 

A. constricta, Sm. Near Wakefield (Smith, Ent. Ann. 
1855, p- 91) 

A. fulvicrus, (Aéy.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 

A. extricata, Sw. “ Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 2nd edition, 
1876, p. 58). 

A. albicrus, (Kéy.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 

“Tt has been taken in Yorkshire in the month of July; at 
the sides of a sandy road on the top of Woolley Edge, near 


\ Woolley (Smith MS.) 


Trans.Y.N,U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE BEES, 55 


Wakefield, are immense colonies; there it swarms in countless 
numbers ; they occur in every flower of a species of Hawkweed, 
with which the sides of the lane are bordered.” (Smith, B.B. 
1855, p. 91). 

A. chrysosceles, (A2y.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 

A. coitana, (Koby. ¢ J=A. Shawella, (Kby.?). In York- 
shire (near Wakefield in July 1852),Mr. F. Smith obtained this 
species colonizing in plenty : both sexes entering the same burrow. 
(Goalline 52; x)3620) Emt Ann. 1859))ps 005 3B: Bees, 2nded., 
1876, p. 64). Woolley (F. Smith MS.) 

A. analis, 7z. Several specimens were taken near Wakefield 
at the beginning of August (Smith, B.B. 1876, p. 65). 

A. minutula, (Ady.) Woolley (Smith MS.) This species 
having been since divided into two, it is uncertain whether the 
record now applies to A. mnutula, (Kby), or to A. parvula, (Kby.) 

A. nana, (Aéy.) Mr. Smith has found it very abundant in 
Yorkshire (B. B. 1855, p. 97: and 2nd edition, 1876, p. 67). 

A. Afzeliella, (Ady-) 

A. xanthura, (X2y-) 

Falictus rubicundus, (C#rzs¢t.) Woolley (Smith, MS.) 
Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626), 

H. quadricinctus, (#ad.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 

H. leucozonius, (Kéy.) “Yorkshire” (Smith, Zool. 1848, 
vil. 2171). Woolley (Smith MS.) 

HH. levigatus, (Aéy.) 

H. quadrinotatus, (édy.) 

H. cylindricus, (7a). )=Z. abdominalis, Near Wakefield 
in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 
Pannal, abundant on walls in 1870 ! 

H. albipes, (Fas.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, 
Zool. x. 3626). “Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 1855, p. 33). Woolley 
(Smith MS.) 

H. subfasciatus, JVy/7. Woolley (Smith MS.) This 
species was added to the British fauna by Mr. Smith’s 


| Woolley (Smith MS.) 


\ Woolley (Smith MS.) 


56 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 


capture of several specimens in 1842 on Woolley Edge, near 
Wakefield. He remarks that several insects which are common 
in Scotland occur there (B.B. 1855, p. 41: and 2nd edition, 1876, 
p. 92: Entom. 1869, iv. 267). 

H. prasinus, Sm. “Yorkshire” (Smith, Ent. Ann. 1855, 
p- 90). 

H. tumulorum, (Z.)=Z flavipes, (Fab.) Woolley (F. 
Smith MS.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 
3626). 

. eratus, (Kéoy.) | 
. morio, (Fad. ) 
. minutus, (Kéy.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 
. nitidiusculus, (dy. ) | 
.minutissimus, (Ady.) J 


ae Bee Bae Sa 


FAMILY APIDZ, 


Nomada ruficornis, (Z.) 
N. lateralis, Pz. 


N. ochrostoma, (Aéy.) Woolley (F. Smith MS.) Near 
Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


N. xanthosticta, (Ady.) First discovered by the Rev. 
Mr. Rudd, at Worsall Grange, near Yarm, (Smith, List of B.Acul. 
ym. 18st, poo; (B. "Bees; 135/5,.p. 123)5) 2nd edition w137/6, 
p- 122). A second specimen occurred near Wakefield (Smith, 
Bb, TESS, [D> 123). 

Variety, mistura, Smith. “ Yorkshire” (Smith, Ent. Ann. 
TOSS JO, OLS IBile, ISI) jo, 22) 

N. flavoguttata, (Ady.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 
(He *Smuth) -Zool.ex. 2626) 5 Vorkshire 4 (Smith; Bis saeuos icp 
p- 129). 

N. Fabriciana, (Z.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Has been found in Yorkshire in July 


(Smith, B.B. 1855, p. 134: 2nd ed., 1876, p. 126). Woolley 
(Smith MS.) 


| Woolley (Smith MS.) 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 57 


N. germanica, 7. 

N. solidaginis, Pz. 

N. jacobee, /:. 

N. lineola, 2. 

N. alternata, (Ady.) 

N. succincta, Pz. 

Epeolus variegatus, (Z.) 

Melecta armata, (/:.) 

Coelioxys quadridentata, ve Near Wakefield in sorte 
1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). ‘ Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 1855, 
p. 147). 

C. elongata, St Zarg.=C. simplex, Nyl. Woolley, both 
sexes (Smith MS.) At one time Mr. Smith considered one of 
his Yorkshire specimens, which was a female, to be a distinct 
species (C. mandibularis, Nyl.: see Entom., Jan. 1868, iv. 4 and 
6). Afterwards in his second edition, he took the same view as 
in his first and made it a variety of C. elongata. 

C. rufescens, St Farg. “Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 2nd 
edition, 1876, p. 145). 

C. Vectis, Curtis. “Yorkshire” (Smith, B. B., 1855, p. 150). 

Osmia rufa, (ZJ=O. bicornis, (L.) Woolley (F. Smith, 
MS.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

O. znea, (L.) 

O. fulviventris, 7s. > Woolley (F. Smith, MS.) 

O. aurulenta, ( 72.) 

Chelostoma florisomne, (Z.) Woolley (F. Smith MS.) 
Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

Anthidium manicatum, (Z.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 

Megachile centuncularis, (Z.) Woolley (F.Smith MS.) 
Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

M. circumcincta, (Xéy.) Woolley (F. Smith MS.) Near 
Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 

M. Willughbiella, (Ady.) Woolley (F. Smith MS.) 


Eucera longicornis, (Z.) Specimens in Mr. Robert 


| 
| Woolley (Smith MS.) 


58 ROEBUCK ! ON YORKSHIRE BEES, 


Cook’s collection, taken in plenty at Clifton, York, at the corner 
of Burton Crescent, more than 30 years ago! Now extinct in 
that spot, which is built upon. 


Anthophora acervorum, (/ad.)=A. retusa, (Kby.) 
Woolley (F. Smith MS.) Near Wakefield, July 1852 (F. Smith, 
Zool. x. 3626). 


Bombus muscorum, (Z.) Woolley (Smith MS.) Near 
Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


B. venustus, S.—=sen7lis, Sm. Woolley (Smith MS.) 
Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


B. elegans, Se/d/.—/fragrans, Illig. Not uncommon near 
Wakefield’ (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626)., Woolley (Smith MS.) 
Mr. Smith records that he has taken the nest in Yorkshire, and 
that on disturbing it the bees emitted a powerful aromatic odour 
(@BrBe ended 18710, py 2o2); alsom By Me Cat. vof ByAculs hy mre 
1851, p. 100). In another place (Entom. May 1867, ui. 269) 
Mr. Smith states it to be more abundant in the northern counties 
than in the southern : ‘‘it is a common insect about Halifax and 
the neighbourhaod of Wakefield, where I have found its nest in 
grass fields and on hedge-banks.” 


B. sylvarum, (Z.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 


B. Lapponicus, (/a2.) Recorded for Sheffield under the 
name of B&B. flavicollis (Samouelle, Ent. Useful Comp., 1810, 
p. 428). Halifax Moor, &c. (Smith, B.M. List of British Hym. 
Acwl. chi) ps Lod, Ent. Anns 18555) ps05s: bebe er eticnamn amon 
do. 2nd ed., 1876, p. 205). A few neuters taken by R. Tyrer on 
the Moors, about three miles north of Keighley, on ling flowers, 
and named by Mr. F. Smith (Tyrer, E.M.M., Oct. 1864, i. 123). 
Greetland Moor, 1877! James Varley! 


B. Derhamellus, (Ady.) Woolley (Smith MS.) Mr. 
Smith (Entom. March 1867, il. 242) says that this species is 
much more numerous in Yorkshire than in the South, and that it 
differs in its economy : a moss-builder in the South, in Yorkshire its 
nest is of frequent occurrence in hay-fields, and in such situations 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


ROEBUCK: ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 59 


principally constructed of blades of grass and small leaves of 
various plants, &c. 


B. pratorum, (Z.) Woolley (F. Smith MS.) Near 
Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). 


B. lapidarius, (Z.) Recorded by Mr. A. H. Davis in 
1835 as found near Halifax, under the name of B. regelatzonts, Pz. 
(Curtis, B. Ent. xii. 564). Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. Smith, 
Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) Mr. Smith remarks that 
in Yorkshire it frequently constructs its nest in old stone-quarries 
(B.B., 2nd ed., 1876, p. 212). Abundant about Leeds! Harro- 
gate! Knaresbro’! Bramham! Bishop Wood! Grassington! 
Goole ! &c. 


B. lucorum, (Z.) In speaking of the preponderance in 
Yorkshire of social hymenoptera over solitary, as observed near 
Wakefield in July 1852, F. Smith says: some of the common 
species of Bombus abound in immense profusion, particularly 
B. lucorum (Zool. x. 3626). Abundant about Leeds! Pannal ! 
_ &c. At Woodsome, near Huddersfield, many thousands of dead 
ones were picked up under a lime tree, no doubt destroyed by 
birds ! (See Mr. James Varley’s interesting note in the ‘Naturalist’ 
for October 1877, lil. 40). 


B. virginalis, (Ady.)=derrestris, Auct. Near Wakefield in 
July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith, MS.) Leeds! 
Pannal! &c. 


B. horitorum, (Z.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) Abundant about 
Leeds! Harrogate! Pannal! Knaresbro’! Harewood! Bram- 
ham ! Parlington ! Horsforth! Malham! &c. 


B. soroensis, (7ad.) <A single male example taken at 
Westow, Yorkshire, recorded as &. col/inus, Sm. (Smith, List of 
Baliym: Acul., 1851, p. 104 ; Ent. Ann. 1855, p: 95; B.B., 1855, 
p. 224). “* This species was first taken in this country by the Rev. 
Mr. Rudd, at Yarm, in Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B., znd edition, 
1876, p. 2106). 


60 ROEBUCK : ON YORKSHIRE BEES. 


B. Latreillellus, (Aéy.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 
Apathus rupestris, ad.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 


A. vestalis, (Fourc.) Woolley (Smith MS.) 
Not uncommon at Pannal in 1870! 


A. Barbutellus, (Aéy.) “This bee occurs in great pro- 
fusion in Yorkshire” (Smith, B.B. 1855, p. 238). Near Wake- 
field in July 1852 (F. Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith, 
MS). 

A. campestris, (7ab.) Near Wakefield in July 1852 (F. 
Smith, Zool. x. 3626). Woolley (Smith MS.) 


Apis mellifica, Z. The Hive Bee. 

Abundant: Leeds! Halifax! Harrogate! Pannal! Grassing- 
ton! Barwick-in-Elmete! &c. So well-known an insect is the 
subject of much superstition, and according to Murray’s Hand- 
book for Yorkshire its name probably enters into the etymology 
of Bedale (Bee-dale) and other places. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1877. Series D 


61 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. 


The Second Annual Meeting of the Section was held 
at Leeds on the 11th of January, 1879, when Mr. Wiliam Prest, 
of York, was re-elected President, and Mr. S. D. Bairstow, of 
Huddersfield, was elected Secretary. 


The preparation of the Reports had been placed in the hands 
of the following members :— 


Macro-lepidoptera ... ose Wha (Ge We Worn, ella 
Micro-lepidoptera ss Mr. William Prest. 
Hymenoptera aud ... Mr. W. Denison Roebuck. 


Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidee | ; 
and Braconidze Mr. S. D. Bairstow. 


Coleoptera ... OG ... Mr. E. B. Wrigglesworth. 


62 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORTS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION: 
1S) 773) 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878 


AND 
SECOND LIST OF SPECIES. 


By WILLIAM DENISON ROEBUCK, LEEps, 


Secretary to the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 


It will be gratifying to the Entomological Section to find the 
task of reporting on the Hymenoptera so soon divided, instead of 
being confided to one reporter only; Mr. S. D. Bairstow having 
undertaken to deal with the _Ichneumonidz in a separate report; 
and it will be still more gratifying to the two reporters to 
welcome new laborers into the field and to see the further 
specialization of the study and subdivision of the task. It seems 
evident that to give an impulse to the study of such orders as 
this, the periodical publication of results already obtained (how- 
ever incomplete and meagre these may seem) is useful if not 
absolutely necessary. Already has the publication of the first 
paper brought to light the existence of one member of our Union 
who has studied the order in times past, and stimulated various 
others to commence the study for times to come. 


The present report is partly a supplement to the preceding 
one, partly a record of the work of 1878. I regret that none of 
my own work appears, having been done mostly outside Yorkshire, 
while a combination of various causes has prevented me to a large 
extent from doing anything at all. We are consequently entirely 
indebted to Mr. Bairstow for the records of the work of 1878. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series D 


ROEBUCK : YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878. 63 


SPECIES NEW TO THE COUNTY. 
This year we have to record the addition of the names of 23 
species to the Yorkshire Catalogue, as follows :— 


Tenthredo instabilis, A7/vg. 
Selandria serva, (/a2.) 

S. stramineipes, (A7ug)... 
Blennocampa ea nUIEORnGS, iia) 
Synergus palli[di]cornis, azz. . 
S. facialis, art. 

Ichneumon molitorius, Z. 

1. fabricator, fad. 

Il. varipes, Grav. 
Cryptus obscurus, Grav. 

C. migrator, (ad.) 
Mesoleius rufus, (Grav.) 

M. niger, (Grav.) 

Tryphon calcator, (Mill, 
Bassus festivus, (/a.) 


For particulars 
see p. 64. 


For particulars 
see Bairstow’s 
Report. 


see p. 66. 


For particulars 
see Bairstow’s 
Report. 


For particulars 


Rhyssa persuasoria, Z. 
SES Ds OO, 


Microgaster rugulosus, JVees. 
M. dilutus, “aész. ae 
Pygostolus sticticus, (4a.) 


| 
| 
| 
f 
a 
| 
J 
For particulars 
| 


For particulars 


y see Bairstow’s 
Macrocentrus thoracicus, (Aes). | Report. 
Cpius reconditor, IVesm.... aa 
MOnRVIMUS INCERtUS; “0757, |... For particulars 
Grabrorclavipes, (Z) =... |... f ., scesp: 06. 


In addition to these, several are held back for further 
research, including one which would appear to be new to Britain. 


family TENTHREDINIDA—Sawiyties. 


Since the appearance of my first paper Mr. Cameron of 
Glasgow has supplied a long-felt desideratum in entomological 
literature by the publication of a new ‘Catalogue of the British 


64 ROEBUCK : YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878. 


Tenthredinide,’ in which he enumerates 46 genera and 325 
species. (It is to be had from the Natural History Society of 
Glasgow, price one shilling). The genera are arranged according 
to an entirely new-system, presumably embodying Mr. Cameron’s 
views as to the affinities of the group. ‘This catalogue I have 
adopted as the basis for the arrangement of the following records, 
for which I am entirely indebted to Mr. S. D. Bairstow, the names 
being supplied to him by the eminent Dutch entomologist Dr. S, 
C. Snellen van Vollenhoven, of the Hague. 

Tenthredo livida Z. Storthes Woods, near Hudders- 
field, 1878, Bairstow. 

T. instabilis A7Zuwg. Two ¢, Storthes Woods, 1878, 
Bairstow. 

Athalia rose (Z.) Fairly common in Huddersfield dis- 
trict, 1878, Bairstow. 

Selandria serva Jad. Fairly common in Huddersfield 
district, 1878, Bairstow. 

S. stramineines (A7ug). Storthes Woods, 9, Bairstow. 

Blennocampa tenuicornis (A7ug). A~ good series, 
Storthes Woods, 1878, Bairstow. 


Family STRICIDA. 

Sirex juvencus Z. To the authorities already quoted for 
the occurrence of this insect in profusion at York, may be added 
Stephens, Illustrations, vil. 116 (published Sep. 30, 1835). 

I have to supplement my first report by mentioning that in the 
Zool. for 1854, xil. 4527, Mr. G. Norman recorded the occurrence 
of insects buzzing about lilac trees at his place of business in the 
middle of the town of Hull that year, and surmised that they had 
been imported with Norway or Baltic timber: the insects were 
referred to this species by Mr. Edward Newman. 


No doubt also this would be the species referred to by Mr. 
Howard Vaughan (E.M.M., Nov. 1877, xiv. 141) where he stated 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878. Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION: 


BOTANICAL SECTION. 


The Second Annual Meeting of the Section was held 
at Leeds on Jan. 11th, 1879, when the first part of the following 
report, relating to the observations made at the several excursions 
of the Union, was read and adopted, and it was resolved that a 
supplement should be added, containing a summary of the principal 
observations relating to Yorkshire Botany which have been made 
or published during the past year. 

A list of the Mosses of the East Riding, compiled by the 
Secretary of the Section, was also adopted for publication. 


The officers elected for 1879 were :— 
PRESIDENT: 


Rev. WILLIAM FOWLER, M.A., Liversedge. 


SECRETARIES: 
H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., F.G.S., Goole. 
WILLIAM WEST, 4radford. 


The thanks of the Section are due to Prof. Babington, Mr. 
F. A. Lees, Mr. H. Boswell, Dr. Carrington, the Revs. W. A. 
Leighton, J. Fergusson, and J. Stevenson, Mr. Tuffen West, Mr. 
W. Phillips, and other botanists, for assistance in naming and 
verifying many ofthe more difficult and doubtful specimens. - 


=< 


K2 


|e) YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORT 


OF THE 


BOTANICAL SECTION: 
IS Sys 


By H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., F.G.S., GooLr, 
Secretary of the Section. 


The meetings of the Union during the past year have been 
held at Pontefract, April 23rd; Ilkley, May 25th; Brough, June 
roth; Settle, July 2oth; Hambleton, August 5th; and Wortley, 
September r4th. The following are the main features of the 
several regions explored :— 

PONTEFRACT, APRIL 23RD, 1878. 

At the meeting in April the ground explored was the country 
around Wentbridge and especially the Went Vale, between Went- 
bridge and Smeaton, a valley with rocky and wooded sides cut by 
the river Went through the range of hills formed by the outcrop 
of the magnesian limestone. ‘This tract is very rich in limestone- 
loving plants, including some very local species, as A/ypericum 
montanum, Astragalus hypoglottis, Potentilla verna and Asperula 
cynanchica, which in these steep and rocky fastnesses are able to 
hold their ground against the invading plough. ‘The number of 
species recorded was the larger on account of the ground being 
somewhat familiar to many of the members, who were thus able 
to find and recognise rarities which would otherwise at this early 
period of the year have escaped notice. <A tract of new red 
sandstone at Whitley was explored, and yielded a group of sand- 
loving plants different from those met with on the limestone, 
as TZeesdalia nudicaulis, Ornithopus perpusillus, Cherophyllum 
Anthriscus and Plantago Coronopus. ‘Vhe woods on the clay 
between Whitley and Womersley presented nothing worthy of 
note. A good many denizens and colonists were noticed, among 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. Il 


which may be mentioned He//eborus fetidus, Berberis vulgaris, 
Sedum reflexum, Sison amomum and Smyrnium olusatrum. 


Mosses and lichens though not luxuriant occurred in tolerable 
numbers. 


The oxhp, Primula vulgaris B caulescens was observed in two 
or three places; in one apparently wild, with reddish flowers; in 
two of the places at least it was noticed to be growing side by 
side with both the primrose and the cowslip as if a hybrid between 
those species. 

ILKLEY, MAY 25TH, 1878. 


At the meeting on May 25th the localities explored were 
Ikley and neighbourhood, Otley, Rombald’s Moor, Shipley, 
Bolton Woods, the Strid, Skipton, the Washburn Valley, &c. 
The number of flowering plants observed during the day, was 
large for the time of year, but many more would no doubt have 
been found had the season been more advanced. The flora of 
Wharfedale is of a mixed character, many plants of a limestone 
type being associated with those usually found on the carboniferous 
grits and shales; this is no doubt to be attributed to the large 
number of limestone boulders present in the glacial beds by which 
in the sides and bottom of the valley the millstone grit is 
concealed. Bolton Woods yielded species characteristic of sub- 
alpine woods, as Zyol/ius europeus, Geranium sylvaticum and 
Crepis paludosa ; and Rombald’s Moor those of mountain moors, 
as Vaccinium Vitis-Tdea and Empetrum nigrum. Many aliens and 
denizens occurred, as Hesferts matronalis, Geranium pheum 
and pyrenaicum, Doronicum Pardalianches, Aconitum Napellus, 
Saxifraga hypnoides, Peucedanum Ostruthium and Amsinckia 
Lycopsotdes. 

Mosses, except those of corticolous habit, were plentiful; 
some being of a mountain type, as Andreea srufpestris, 
Racomitrium aciculare and R. heterostichum. Saxicolous lichens 
were plentiful, but corticolous kinds were scarce and stunted, as is 
usually the case in the West Riding. 


12 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


BROUGH, JUNE IOTH, 1878, 

At the meeting on June toth the localities explored were 
Brough, Brantingham, North and South Cave, Welton, &c., all in 
the East Riding; this being the first occasion on which the Union 
had set foot outside the border of the West Riding. The East 
Riding, quoted by Mr. H. C. Watson as the vice-county of 
South East York, has been far less diligently and systematically 
investigated than either the West or North Ridings, and hence, 
in spite of the less variety of physical features which it presents, it 
is perhaps more likely to yield species hitherto unrecorded for its 
area than are any of the other vice-counties of Yorkshire. 
Several such were found at this meeting. ‘The neighborhood of 
Brough yields habitats of several different categories with a 
correspondingly varied flora, but the number of plants observed 
during the day might have been largely increased had the 
Humber Bank and Walling Fen been more fully explored. 


The flora of the oolitic and chalky soils in the neighborhood 
of Brough and on the Wolds was a characteristic calcareous and 
xerophilous one approaching in some of its members, ¢.g., Carduus 
evtophorus, a South of England type. Several maritime plants 
occurred on the muddy shores of the Humber and in the 
adjoining ditches, as Plantago maritima, Glaux maritima, 
Zannichellia pedicellata, E:nteromorpha clathrata, &c. ‘The ponds 
and swamps by the railway, where it crosses Walling Fen between. 
Staddlethorpe and Brough, yielded many aquatic and marsh plants. 
In these ponds Lemna ¢risulca was found in flower—a very rare 
occurrence—its propagation being usually effected by buds spring-_ 
ing from horizontal slits in the sides of the fronds. ‘Thesummer of 
1878seemsto have been rather favorable tothe flowering of the duck- 
weeds, Lemna trisulca having been found by the Goole Scientific 
Society in flower at Sand Holes near Swinefleet on June rst, and 
LZ. minor at Rawcliffe Rabbit Hills on June 22nd. ‘The flowering 
fronds of ZL. ¢visiulca are easily recognised by the anterior half of 
the frond being bent downwards into the water, so that the plant 
as seen floating has the appearance of an irregular Maltese cross. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1878, Series B 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. tg) 


The flowering fronds appear always to float on the top of the water, 
whereas the sterile fronds, unlike those of the other British species 
of Zemna, are often submersed zz the water. It may be observed 
that microscopic examination showed distinctly an epidermis 
composed of cells of flexuous outline as in the other species of 
Lemna, whereas in Hooker’s ‘Student’s Flora’ one of the char- 
acters of Z. d¢risulca is given “ Frond without epidermis.”* 
Bundles of acicular crystals—raphides—are plainly seen in this 
plant. 


Mosses occur plentifully in the neighborhood of Brough, 
but few Hepaticze were met with. Lichens were abundant as 
regards individuals, the trunks being covered with corticolous 
species to an extent not observed in any part of the West Riding 
hitherto visited by the Union, though far less profusely than at 
the subsequent meeting at Settle, or indeed than is generally the 
case on the western slope of England. /armelia saxatilis, a 
species not commonly fertile, was found with apothecia in 
Brantingham Dale. 


SETTLE, JULY 20TH, 1878. 


At the next meeting on July 2oth the localities explored 
were Settle, Giggleswick, Feizor and Stackhouse; another route 
taken was from Malham by Gordale Scar, Malham Cove and 
Tarn, and Capon Hall to Settle. ‘These places lie in the centre 
of a rocky mountainous limestone district, at an altitude of 600 
to 1800 feet, the geological formation being mostly the hard 
carboniferous limestone, except near Malham Tarn and Capon 
Hall, where an abrupt and almost total change in the flora marks 
the passage on to the Silurian slate. The flora of the district 
was a rich and varied one, more species of flowering plants having 


* Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., by whom this report has been revised, says 
in reference to this point—‘‘ Lemna trisulca I believe has two kinds of fronds, 
one barren without epidermis and stomata, the other flowering and pruducing 
epidermis and stomata. ‘English Botany’ says just the same thing as Hooker’s 
‘Student’s Flora’; Hegelmaier figures the flexuous epidermal cells with a 
stomate. It is well you have called the attention of English botanists to the 
matter.” 


14 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


been seen than at any previous meeting; it was, except at the 
above-mentioned places, of a typically calcareous character, and 
contained many northern and subalpine species; it was also 
marked by the abundance of certain local species, as Saxifraga 
hypnotdes, Primula farinosa, &c. In the abundance and exuber- 
ance of mosses and lichens, of which a rich drapery covered 
every stone and tree, it far surpassed any part of Yorkshire 
hitherto visited by the Union. ‘This luxuriance of cryptogamic 
vegetation is to be attributed to the westerly situation of the 
district on the Atlantic side of the great central water parting, to 
its mountainous character and to its freedom from the atmospheric 
impurities present in manufacturing districts. 


BISHOP’S WOOD, AUGUST 5TH, 1878. 

In strong contrast to the Settle district was the next place of 
meeting of the Union. 

On August 5th the localities explored were Hambleton, 
Bishop’s Wood, Morton Bog, Monk Fryston, Biggin, &c., most 
of these places being under 50 ft. above the sea level. The 
nature of the soil in these several places varies between sand, 
clay, limestone and peat, and the flora presents corresponding 
variations. Few special rarities were found, the flora being the 
ordinary one of a fertile lowland district; nevertheless, owing 
partly to the time of year being that when the greatest number of 
plants are out, and partly to the circumstance that such districts 
afford congenial conditions to more kinds of flowering plants than 
do elevated, cold and barren ones, the number of species observed 
was fully as great as at any previous meeting. Very few crypto- 
gams were found and those only the common ones of the lowlands. 
The neighborhood of Hambleton is rich in the fruticose Rubi, 
whereas at the Settle meeting all the other British species of 
Rubus were recorded, but none of the Fruticosi, although doubtless 
they occur. 

WHARNCLIFFE, SEPTEMBER I4TH, 1878. 

At the last meeting of the season on September 14th the 

places visited were Oughtibridge, Wharncliffe Wood, Wortley, 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 15 


Bradfield, &c. The number of flowering plants observed was 
barely a third of that at the two preceding meetings, the falling 
off being due partly to the season being too far advanced, partly 
to the less extent of ground covered, but more especially to the 
poverty in species, which is a common character of the flora of 
this and other coal-measure districts. [he timber—principally 
oak—in Wharncliffe Chase though of great age is small and 
stunted as compared with that in other ancient forests, and many 
of the trees are gradually dying; either from exhaustion of the 
soil, or from the atmospheric contamination resulting from coke 
burning and other industrial operations so largely carried on in 
the surrounding district. 
SUMMARY. 
[Here refer to the Table on the next page. ] 


In every class an increase is observed over the number of 
species recorded last year. It will be evident however from the 
last two columns of the table on the next page, that as regards the 
lower cryptogamia we have hardly touched the border of our field. 
Many laborers and probably a greater subdivision of labor will 
be necessary before we can work it at all thoroughly. We have a 
fair sprinkling of bryologists, but the students of the lower orders 
of the cryptogamia are as yet few and far between. 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


16 


SUMMARY. 
The number of species of plants recorded at the several meetings has been as follows :— 
eeaee : 5 2S) eS : 3 
ae) s cen a as) D ad 
25| e180 | es | SS | os) se ie be] gas 
Culss Seema ie = Sle alse Pos Sas) Se 8 
Fea eae | Se | 2a |e es) ce 
oO ss) (24) ‘3B aad | es | Ny N 
Bt Se ea) eae o ek 
Blowenne- plants.) 15008) Toye (9229) 2710)e8| 208 94 | 1242 | 546 1601 (London Catalogue). 
VascularAcrogens | ; 5 
iid Chemncas | 5 17 6 12 11 7 58 24 79 Ditto. 
IMIOSSCSHa ce cenit: 51 83 247 52 24 20 Qa || 151) 568  (Hobkirk & Boswell). 
18 (E}OBUDICZE 550 ancooceen q || 5 6 I 6 20 | 26 136 (Cooke). 
ILUENEMNS “ sasosoe soeel acti) 21 17 8 2 14 80 | 43 | 1100-1200 (Baker). 
A Gaeta ce: caves. en ey lee ae 7 6 17 15 ? 
IRON“ nononanogeodes 6 7 6 4 8 24 GE || SO 2809 (Cooke). 
Ao talevenans. 243 BAG 296 367 344 165 1742 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. EF, 


NEW COUNTY RECORDS. 
The only plants recorded at our meetings in SourH WEST 
YorK—~.e., that part of the West Riding south of the Aire and 
the Leeds and Liverpool Canal 


which are not given as inhabiting 
that vice-county in ‘Topographical Botany,’ are the segregate 


species 
Atriplex deltoidea 4ad. ) Both found in the neighborhood 
Salix Smithiana IWilld. { -of Oughtibridge. 


Of these the 4/riplex was recorded for South West York in 
the report of this Section for 1877. 


For Mip-West YORKSHIRE the following species is not 
recorded in ‘ Topographical Botany’ :— 


Orchis incarnata Z. Near Settle. This however can scarcely 
be considered a new county record, Orchis incarnata being 
only a segregate not distinguished from O. /atifolia by the older 
botanists. 


On the other hand Gentiana Pneumonanthe L., Morton 
Bog, is really a new county record, the station (Heslington Fields) 
cited in ‘Topographical Botany’ being mislocalised in Mid-West 
York. 


In SourH East York the new records—for the reason 
before given—are more numerous. 


Ranunculus hirsutus Cwurtds. Staddlethorpe and Brough. 
Malva rotundifolia Z. North Cave. 

Trifolium striatum Z. Brough. 

Myriophyllum spicatum Z. Staddlethorpe. 

M. alterniflorum DC. Staddlethorpe. 

Ribes nigrum Z. Staddlethorpe. 


Cherophyllum Anthriscus Zam. South Cave, on oolite 
limestone. 


Conium maculatum Z. Brough. 


Carduus nutans Z. Brough. 


™8 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Carduus eriophorus Z. Woodale near Brantingham. 

Sonchus asper /offm. Brough. 

Atropa Belladonna Z. Woodale and Drewton Vale, abundant 
and apparently native. 

Veronica montana Z. Welton. 

Myosotis collina Rech. Brough. 

Salix alba Z. Brough. 

Typha latifolia Z. Staddlethorpe. 

Zannichellia pedicellata /7zes. Brough. 

Juncus Gerardi Zozs. Brough. 

Scheenus nigricans Z. Woodale. 

Scirpus Tabernzemontani Gme/. Staddlethorpe. 

Carex vulpina Z. Staddlethorpe. 

C. muricata Z. South Cave. 

C. hirta Z. Staddlethorpe. 

Chara foetida 4. Br. Staddlethorpe. 

C. glomerata Desv. Broomfleet. 


Of these species Malva rotundifolia, Atropa Belladonna 
and Juncus Gerardi have been recorded in the reports of the 
Botanical Record Club. zbes nigrum occurs on the “banks 
of the Derwent and near York, an escape from gardens.” 
(Baines). (?in E. Riding). Carduus ertophorus, “From Market 
Weighton to Londesborough.” (Baines). Veronica montana, 
“Firby Woods near Malton.” (Baines). Zannichellia pedicellata 
‘thas been found in salt water ditches near Hull” C. C. Babington. 
(Baker). Carex vulpina, “Banks of the Derwent near Kirkham.” 
(Baines). 

RARE PLANTS OBSERVED. 

Of plants observed on our rambles which though not new to 
the vice-counties in which they were observed, are nevertheless 
sufficiently infrequent to be worth mentioning, the following 
may be mentioned :— 


‘Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1I878. 19 


Thalictrum montanum. Gordale Scar. 

Ranunculus Lenormandi Schu/?z. Eldwick and Wharncliffe. 
Trollius europzeus Z. Bolton Woods and Malham Moor. 
Cardamine amara Z. Farnley near Otley. 
Cochlearia officinalis 8 alpina. Malham Moor. 
Thlaspi occitanum. Malham Cove. 

Teesdalia nudicaulis Brown. Whitley Thorpe. 
Reseda lutea Z. Wentbridge and Brough. 

Viola canina Z. Morton Bog. 

V. lutea Huds. Settle and Malham Moor. 

Stellaria nemorum Z. Farnley near Otley, and Shipley. 
Alsine verna Bartling. Settle. 

Hypericum montanum Z. Wentbridge. 

Geranium sanguineum Z. Gordale. 

G. sylvaticum Z. Bolton Woods and Gordale. 
Rhamnus catharticus Z. Biggin. 

Astragalus hypoglottis Z. Smeaton Crags. 

Prunus Padus Z. Farnley and Wharncliffe. 
Potentilla verna Z. Wentbridge. 

Rubus incurvatus Sad. Morton Bog. 

R. carpinifolius 1 @& WM. Hambleton. 

R. Hystrix WWehe. Hambleton. 

R. saxatilis Z.  Feizor. 

R. Chamzemorus Z. Malham Tarn. 

Rosa mollissima [Vil/d. Malham and Wharncliffe. 
Ribes rubrum f sylvestre. Bolton Woods. 
Cotyledon umbilicus Z. Bradfield. 

Saxifraga hypnoides Z. Bolton Woods and Settle. 


20 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Apium graveolens Z. Brough and Hambleton. 
Sison amomum Z. Kirk Smeaton. 

Galium sylvestre /o//. Malham Cove. 

Asperula cynanchica Z. Wentbridge. 

Carduus heterephylius Z. Capon Hall near Settle. 
Inula conyza DC. Wentbridge. 

Erigeron acris Z. Micklefield. 

Picris hieracioides Z. Biggin and Micklefield. 
Crepis paludosa Mech. Bolton Woods and Malham Tarn. 
Hieracium pallidum /7zes. Malham Cove. 

H. prenanthoides /7//, Malham Cove. 

Vaccinium Vitis-!deea Z. Rombald’s Moor and Malham Tarn. 
Gentiana Pneumonanthe Z. Morton Bog. 

Linaria minor Desf Monk Fryston. 

Lathreea squamaria Z. Bolton Woods. 

Myosotis sylvatica 247%. Bolton Woods and Denton. 
Cynoglossum officinale Z. Wentbridge. 

Hottonia palustris Z. Hambleton. 

Primula farinosa Z. Giggleswick, Malham, &c. 
Glaux maritima Z. Brough. 

Samolus Valerandi Z. Staddlethorpe. 

Plantago maritima Z. Brough. 

Salix pentandra Z. Farnley and Malham Tarn. 

S. purpurea Z. Ilkley and Settle. 

Taxus baccata Z. Giggleswick Scar and Malham. 
Typha angustifolia Z. Staddlethorpe. 

Potamogeion heterophyllus Sczred. Staddlethorpe. 
P. acuminatus. Malham Tarn. 


P. pectinatus Z. Staddlethorpe. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. Series E 


wees 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. Bit 


Zannichellia palustris Z.=brachystemon. Monk Fryston. 
Triglochin maritimum Z. Brough. 

Paris quadrifolia Z. Bolton Woods and Feizor. 
Biysmus compressus /anz. Malham. 

Scirpus maritimus Z. Brough. 

Carex levigata Sv. Wharncliffe. 

C. vesicaria Z. Staddlethorpe. 

C. ampullacea Good. Malham Tarn. 

Sesleria ceerulea Scop. Bolton Woods, Malham and Settle. 
Keeleria cristata /ers. Settle. 

Sclerochloa rigida Zzvk. Brough and Monk Fryston. 


Brachypodium pinnatum Beauv. Wentbridge, Settle and 
Hambleton. 


Asplenium viride Ads. Settle and Malham. 
Cystopteris fragilis Bench. Malham and Settle. 


Nephrodium rigidum Zeszv. Settle. 


DENIZENS AND ALIENS OBSERVED. 


Of plants of doubtful indigenousness the following have been 
observed at our meetings, those well established if not native 
being distinguished as ‘‘ denizens,” those evidently introduced but 
showing some amount of persistence as “aliens,” and stray weeds | 
springing up from chance scattered seeds as ‘‘ casuals.” 


Clematis Vitalba Z. (alien or denizen). Monk Fryston. 
Helleborus foetidus Z. (denizen). Kirk Smeaton. 
Aconitum Napellus Z. (alien). Farnley and Hambleton. 
Meconopsis cambrica Vzg. (denizen). Feizor. 
Sinapis nigra Z. (casual). Staddlethorpe, on railway ballast. 


Erysimum orientale zowz (casual). Staddlethorpe, on 
railway ballast. 


Hesperis matronalis Z. (denizen). Bolton Woods, 


22 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Cheiranthus Cheiri Z. (alien). Pontefract. 
Tilia intermedia DC. (alien). Hambleton. 
Linum usitatissimum Z. (casual). Oughtibridge. 
Geranium pheeum Z. (denizen). Cottingley. 
G. pyrenaicum Z. (denizen). Cottingley. 
Staphylea pinnata Z. (alien). Welton Dale. 
Potentilla hirta Koch, (casual). Settle. 
Sedum Telephium Z. (denizen). Hambleton. 
S. reflexum Z. (denizen). Kirk Smeaton. 
Peucedanum Ostruthium och. (casual). Farnley. 
Doronicum Pardalianches Z. (denizen). Denton. 
Vinca minor Z. (alien). Wentbridge. 
Lycium barbarum JZ. (alien). Little Fenton. 
Linaria Cymbalaria d///. (denizen). Ilkley and Settle. 
Lamium maculatum JZ.. (alien). Malham and Settle. 
Amsinckia lycopsoides Ze#m. (casual). Shipley. 
Anchusa sempervirens Z. (alien). Stackhouse. 
Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus Z. (denizen). Settle. 
Castanea vulgaris Z. (alien). Wharncliffe. 
Carpinus Betulus Z. (alien). Selby, Common in hedges. ~ 
Populus nigra Z. (alien). Whitley and Hambleton. | 
Ruscus aculeatus Z. (denizen). Stackhouse. 

MOSSES. 


Of the plants of this order the following are the more 
noteworthy that have been observed at our meetings :— 


Sphagnum squarrosum /e7s. Plentifully in fruit at Malham 
Tarn. 

Andreza rupestris Z. Embsay Moor. 

Gymnostomum microstomum fedw. Near Ilkley. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. SeriesE 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 23 


Dicranum sp. ind.; Wharncliffe Crags. 
*Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Went Vale. 
Eucladium verticillatum Z. Malham. 


Ditrichum flexicaule Sczwg. Brantingham Wold, North Cave 
and Malham. 
*Trichostomum crispulum 47uch. Malham. 


Barbula rigidula Dicks. Went Vale. 

B. tortuosa Z. Went Vale and Malham. 

B. intermedia 477d. Kirk Smeaton and Malham. 

Racomitrium aciculare Z. Farnley near Otley, and Malham 
‘Yarn. 

R. heterostichum Hedw. Near Otley, and Malham Tarn. 

R. lanuginosum edz. Malham Coye, rare on limestone. 

Ptychomitrium polyphy!lum Décks. Malham Tarn. 

Orthotrichum pulchellum Sm. Smeaton Crags. 

Tetraphodon mnioides Z. 7/. Malham ‘Varn. 

Philonotis calcarea 5. & S. Gordale. 

Bryum pendulum ornsch. Embsay Moor. 

B. pallens Swartz. Embsay Moor and by Washburn Reservoir. 

Zieria julacea Schpr. Settle. 

Mnium serratum Schrad. Ilkley, Settle and Wharncliffe. 

M. subglobosum 4. & S._ Ilkley. 

Cryphza heteromalla Aedw. Brantingham. 


Neckera crispa Z. Skipton, Woodale near South Cave, and 
Settle. 
Leskea polycarpa Zz7h. Wentbridge. 


Climacium dendroides Z. ‘The Strid. 


* The species marked thus are not in Hobkirk’s list of West Riding 
mosses published in 1873. 
+ The authorities to whom this moss has been submitted are not agreed 


about it; by the Rev. J. Fergusson it is considered to be a new species and 
named provisionally Dicranum saxicola. 


24 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Brachythecium plumosum Swartz. Farnley. 
Hylocomium flagellare Dicks. Ilkley. 
Rhynchostegium tenellum Dicks. Wentbridge. 


Plagiothecium elegans 4wct.=P. Borrerianum Spruce. 
Farnley, Hambleton and Wharncliffe. 


Hypnum revolvens Swartz. Near Ilkley, and Malham. 
H. uncinatum Aedw. Near Ilkley. 
H. cordifolium edw. Ukley. 
H. stramineum Dicks. Ilkley and Malham. 
*H. giganteum Scfpz. Ilkley. 
HEPATIC. 


Few Hepatic besides the very commonest kinds have been 
recorded at our meetings, the following being the least frequent :— 


Scapania nemorosa Hook. Farnley. 

Jungermannia scutata /Ved. Knottingley. 

J. barbata Schreb. Wharncliffe. 

J. barbata var. attenuata. Farnley. 

Lepidozia reptans JVees. Wharncliffe. . 

Chiloscyphus polyanthus Cord. Malham Cove. 

Aneura multifida Dwm. Washburn Reservoir. 

Reboulia hemispheerica add. Malham. 
LICHENS. 


The students of this difficult order are few, and many parts 
of the West Riding are unfavourable to the growth of these plants, 
especially of the tree-loving kinds. The following among others 
have been noted at our meetings :— 


Collema fluviatile Ads. Malham Cove, known there 
since 1724. 


*Cladonia pungens /verk. Whitley Thorpe. 


*Ramalina fraxinea /7es. Brantingham, fr. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 25 


Cetraria aculeata ies. Wharncliffe. 

Platysma glaucum Z. Wharncliffe. 

Peltigera polydactyla ofim. Wharncliffe. 
*Parmelia olivacea Z. Ilkley and Brough. 

P. caperata Z. Brough. 

P, laevigata Sm. Wharncliffe. 

*Physcia ciliaris Z. Brough. 

Pannaria nigra A/uds. Wentbridge. 

Placodium candicans Dzcks. Smeaton Crags. 
*Lecanora vitellina Ach. Ilkley, Whitley and Brough. 
L. badia Ach. Washburn Valley. 

Lecidea contigua /77es. Fearnley. 

L. mollis Wahl. Farnley. 

*Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. Wentbridge. 

E. miniatum Z. Malham Cove. 

*E. fluviatile DC. Wales Wood. 

Verrucaria macrostoma Duf Smeaton Crags. 

*V. fuscella Zurn. Washburn Valley. 

Those marked * are not given for Yorkshire in Leighton’s 


‘Lichen Flora,’ ed. 2. 


FUNGI. 


Our meetings have hitherto yielded comparatively few Fungi. 
More of the larger fleshy species were met with at Wharncliffe 
than at other ofthe places at which excursions were held, owing 
to the date being in September, most of these plants coming to 
perfection in the autumn. 


In this as in the other orders of Cryptogamia we shall probably 
not accomplish much work until we have a greater subdivision of 
labor and a few enthusiastic specialists. The following species 
have been met with :— 


26 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Agaricus vaginatus Buw//. Wharncliffe. 
. muscarius Z. Wharncliffe. 

. rubescens ers. Wharncliffe. 

. melleus Vahl. Wharncliffe. 
rutilans Scheff Wharncliffe. 

. laccatus Scop. Wharncliffe. 


. tusipes Suvi. Hambleton. 

. umbelliferus Z.  Ikley. 

. muralis Sow. Denton. 

. squarrosus J7Zi//. Wharncliffe. 
hypnorum ZBatsch. Wharncliffe. 

. semiglobatus Gatsch. Hambleton. 


fascicularis Auds. Wharncliffe. 


semilanceatus /7zes. Wharncliffe. 


PPrPPrPPrPprrrrrrprtprrPpp 


separatus Z. Settle. 

Paxillus involutus /7zes. Wharncliffe. 
Russula emetica /7zes. Wharncliffe. 

R. virescens /7zes. Wharncliffe. 

Lactarius quietus /7zes. Wharncliffe. 
Fiygrophorus coccineus “res. Wharncliffe. 
H. psittacinus 77s. Wharncliffe. 

H. miniatus /yzes. Wharncliffe. 

Marasmius oreades //7zes. Brough and Settle 
Cantharellus muscigenus /vzes. Malham. 
Boletus luridus “es. Wharncliffe. 
Polyporus hispidus /7zes. Little Fenton. 

P. squamosus /77es. Whitley and Ilkley. 

P. versicolor //zes. Wentbridge and Wharncliffe. 
P. betulinus /7zes. Wharncliffe. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 


Stereum hirsutum /77es. Wharncliffe. 
Calocera viscosa Fes. Wharncliffe. 
Dacrymyces stillatus (ees. Whitley. 
-Cynophallus caninus /7zes. Wharncliffe. 
Scleroderma vulgare /7ies. Wharncliffe. 
Lycogala epidendron /rzes. Brough. 
Puccinia adoxze Sch/. (?=Saxifragarum.) Esholt. 
P. arundinacea Hedw. Staddlethorpe. 
Trichobasis oblongata &. Shipley. 

T. linearis Zev. Saltaire. 

Triphragmium ulmarize Zzzz. Hambleton. 


Lecythea saliceti Zev. Bishop’s Wood. 


fecidium violee Schum. Wentbridge and Brantingham. 


Az. valerianacearum Duwtz. Hawksworth. 
fe. rubellum /e7s. Staddlethorpe. 

AE. tussilaginis ers. Staddlethorpe. 
Reestelia lacerata Zi/. Hambleton. 
Erysiphe Martii Zz%. Bishop’s Wood. 
Morchella esculenta /e7s. Wentbridge. 


Peziza trechispora 5.& Sr. Staddlethorpe and Malham. 


Xylaria hypoxylon Grev. Wentbridge. 


ALG, 


27) 


Little too has been done in this order. The workers in this 


field are few, and those who have the courage to enter it approach 


it rather from the microscopic or physiological side than from that 


of systematic botany; the want of a recent British manual of the 


freshwater algze being a great impediment in the way of their 


study.* 


* Botanists acquainted with the Latin language will find Rabenhorst’s ‘ Flora 
europzea Algarum aquze dulcis et submarinz’ (E. Kummerum, Leipzig, 3 vols., 
1864—1868), an excellent book, cheap and full, with figures of all the genera. 


28 BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 


Batrachospermum moniliforme Aoz/. Drewton and Malham. 
Chetophora elegans 4g. Brantingham Wold. 
Cladophora glomerata Z. Ilkley. 

Rivularia angulosa Roth. Staddlethorpe. 

R. (Ainactis) calcarea &. &. Malham. 

Enteromorpha clathrata Grev. River Humber, Brough. 
Nostoc commune Vauch. Everthorpe. 

N. verrucosum Z. Malham Cove. 

{ Palmogicea macrococca Azzg. Otley. 


| Gloeocapsa polydermatica Xzzg. Otley. 
(Probably states of Cladonia). 


Aphanocapsa testacea Vag. Near Settle. 
(Probably a condition of Collema). 


Navicula cuspidata ‘zg. Brantingham Wold. 
Encyonema prostratum fa//s. Malham Tarn. 


Meridion circulare Ag. Gordale. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 29 


SUPPLEMENT to tHe BOTANICAL REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR 1878. 


By H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., F.G.S., GooLg, 
Secretary of the Botanical Section. 


In the following part of the Report are included some of the 
principal observations on Yorkshire Botany which have been 
made or published during the past year otherwise than at the 
Union Meetings. 

NEW COUNTY RECORDS 
(additional to Topographical Botany). 

The following are taken from the report of the Botanical 
Locality Record Club for 1877 issued in 1878 :— 

Vice- 
Species. Locality & Observer. County. 


Thalictrum flexuosum Zernh....Lonton. F. A. Lees. N.W. 
Monk Fryston.. W. N. Cheesman. M.W. 


Ranunculus diversifolius Gzzd. ... Doncaster. A.Carr. S.W. 
R. Godronii Gvev.... ... Askham Bog. G. Webster. S.W. 
R. Drouettii Scku/fz. ... ... ... Kiveton. A. Carr S.W. 
PemUiLANSHeae et eteetss sss. oe eAmstom “Al @arn a Sawa 

Saltaire. W. West. M.W. 
Renigsutus “.... 7... Goole TJ. Hick and W. West.) “S)W, 
Fumaria Boreei ford. ....... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Draba brachycarpa Jord... ... Lindrick. A.Carr. S.W. 


Ripon. T. J. Foggitt. M.W. 

Cardamine sylvatica Zizk. ... Riccall. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 
Helianthemum canum. ... Malham Cove. F. A. Lees. M.W. 
Viola Reichenbachiana Zar. Roche Abbey. F. A. Lees. S.W. 
South Stainley. T. J. Fogeitt. M.W. 

Welactea Sv) 3... ... ... Rawcliffe; Jf): Parsons. Si W. 
Polygala oxyptera Rech... ... Firbeck. F. A. Lees. S.W. 
Knaresborough. T. J. Foggitt. M.W. 


30 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Arenaria tenuifolia Z. ... Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 


M.W. 


Hypericum eledes Z. Rawcliffe, Greenfield and Rivelin. 


W. West, J. Whitehead and A. Carr. 

Trifolium filiforme Z: .... .... Thirsk. T. J. Foggitt. 
Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. 

Potentilla verna Z...... ...Hawnby. W. Foggitt. 
Rubus suberectus Awd... ...Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 
Re fiSSusia777/ ee eecclesticl dame sen Gann 
Re thynsoideuss a2 1 ees) a.) Kivelin Ae .Carn: 
RecleuicostachysS Soda sa son oy wus ger ues Oat 
In, Ng JL@Ss, 

R. Salteri Bad. ... ... Wigglesworth. F. A. Lees. 
R. macrophyllus Wezze......... Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 
Vidi UNMDGEOSUS tee men eace arama acess 

R. mucronulatus Bor. ... Meanwood. F. A. Lees. 
Var. festivus A/i//,... ...Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 

Re Bloxamil Balas 2c eee bcacitiel da wean @ ait 
R. pygmeeus /Veihe...... Quaker’s Wood. G. Webster. 
R. Keehleri Weshe.... ... .... Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 
R. diversifolius Zzzd/. ... Rivelin Valley. A. Carr. 
R. humifusus Wehe ... .... Wharncliffe. A, Carr. 
R. atrorubens Wirtg...Loxley & Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 
R. glandulosus Ze//. .... .... Wharncliffe. A. Carr. 
R. corylifolius Sow. soe es Rae anne 
Rosa systyla Bast ... Conisborough. F. A. Lees. 
R. lutetiana Zev.... IN, Cais, 
R. dumalis Jechst... Avi Cann 
R. urbica Lem... Ava @ark: 
R. biserrata Jerat.... ... ... Bell Hagg. A. Carr. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878 


SW. 
N.E. 
S.W. 
N.E. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 

M.W. 

M.W. 
S.W. 
M.W. 

M.W. 
S.W. 

.§.W. 

M.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
SW. 
S.W. 


. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 31 


Rosa Reuteri Godet. ... Wyoming Brook. A. Carr. S.W. 
EPECOMMONA U7. <5 o> ss es induick), “Ax Carr) oS. Wi 
Reobtusifolia, Dev... ... .. Bell Hage: -A. Carr, S.W. 
Beaiviatsoni bare, «4. 45... oRedmuires, A. Carr, S.W. 
Peeanvatica fvec, =. »..\ Bell Hage) &c A. Carr, 9S.W. 
R. Kosinciana Bess ... ...Ecclesfield, &c. <A. Carr. S.W. 
R. verticillacantha J/erat ... Redmires, &c. <A. Carr. S.W. 


Epilobium angustifolium Z...Pocklington. F. A. Lees. S.E. 
Girczea alpina Z... ... Howgill Fells F. A. Lees. N.W. 
Ceratophyllum aquaticum Z. 2. Drax. H.F. Parsons. M.W. 
(Misquoted for S. W. York in report). 

Broughs) Et Parsons, 2Sei. 

Sedum anglicum Z. ... Howgill Fells. F. A. Lees. N.W. 
Sium latifolium Z... ... - Goole, &c. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Drax. H. F. Parsons. M.W. 


Hieracium boreale /7ies ... Tickhill. F. A. Lees. S.W. 
H. umbellatum Z.... Hatfield Moor. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Arctium majus Schkuhr. .... Doncaster. F. A. Lees. S.W. 
Ganauuseacaulis “22.5 3.22) —lindrick. Ay Carr 1S.We 


Centaurea Calcitrapa Z. Brighouse (casual). W. West. S.W. 
Gentiana Pneumonanthe Z...Morton Bog. W. Fowler. M.W. 
Cuscuta europea Z... Lofthouse. George Roberts. S.W. 
Verbascum nigrum Z...Frizinghall (casual). W. West. M.W. 
Limosella aquatica Z. ... Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Centunculus minimus Z. ... Maltby. G. E. Smith. S.W. 
Euphorbia platyphylla Z.... Hambleton. W. West. M.W. 
Ornithogalum nutans Z. 

Sowerby near Thirsk (denizen). T. J. Foggitt. N.E. 


Potamogeton compressus Z. Selby Canal. F. A. Lees. M.W. 


32 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Potamogeton obtusifolius 17. & X. Kiveton. A. Carr. S.W. 
P. rufescens Schrad... ... ... Shipley. W. West. M.W. 
Zannichellia eu-palustris Z. 

Monk Fryston. H. F. Parsons. M.-W. 
Juncus compressus /acg. Roche Abbey. G. E. Smith. S.W. 


Js GerardiieZose. a) Skipwith. us EatearsoncsaSene 
Carex divisa Huds... . ‘Goole. Hl EF. Parsons. /S:W,. 
C. Cederi 2/77. ... ... Lower Bradfield. A. Carr S.W. 
Crsdistans  Za5 sy cae MMclitloy.: Gael Smit ea SeVVe 
C. capillaris Z.... -....... Gordale Scar. W. West. M.W. 
Glyceria plicata 7. ... Askham Bog. F. A. Lees. M.W. 


Poa alpina Z....Whernside. F. A. Lees and W. West. M.W. 
Lepturus filiformis Z7zz. ... Goole (casual). W. West. S.W. 
Asplenium lanceolatum 4. Upper Bradfield. R. Gatty. S.W. 


Chara flexilis: 2.55) ica) a 5 Adela hawAn cesta ine 
C. capitata 4. Br... .... Malham Tarn. F. A. Lees. M.W. 
C. translucens /es.... ... Sherburn. F. A. Lees. M.W. 
C. glomerata Desv. ... Broomfleet. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 
C. foetida A. Bry...._... Staddlethorpe. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


Windrick. A. Carr. S..W. 

Sherburn. F. A. Lees. M.W. 

CG: hispida Z..- =. =. Malhamplarny kW eeesaee Mine 
GC. fragilis Des... -.. 3.92 Asker §E. Ay Weesmmsae 
Malham Tarn. F. A. Lees. M.W. 


The following records have been sent to the Botanical Section 
or to the ‘Naturalist.’ The plants mentioned in the list though 
not new to the county or vice-counties, are of sufficient rarity to 
be worth notice. 


Acteea spicata Z. Boston Spa (getting scarce). J. Emmet. 
Draba incana Z. Whernside and Arncliffe. W. West. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. Series E 


~ 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 33 
Saponaria Vaccaria Z. 
Near Huddersfield (casual). J. Robinson. 
Silene noctiflora Z. Boston Spa, J. Emmet. 
Hypericum montanum Z. Gordale (alt. 800 ft.) W. West. 
Erodium moschatum ert. Boston Spa. J. Emmet. 
Trifolium maritimum “ids. Goole (casual). T. Dickin. 


Cicer arietinum Witla. 

Near Huddersfield (casual). J. Robinson. 
Scorpiurus subvillosa DC. 

Near Huddersfield (casual). J. Robinson. 


Rubus calvatus 4lox. Dringhouses. G. Webster. 

. eu-macrophyllus Wezhe. Poppleton. G. Webster. 
. Bloxami Zees. Acomb Wood. G. Webster. 

. fusco-ater MWezhe. Poppleton. G. Webster. 

. Lejeunii JVezze. Lotherton Moor. G. Webster. 


2) 29) ae} 29} Bo 


. Balfourianus lox. Acomb. G. Webster. 


Potentilla procumbens cdc. 
Shipley, Hawksworth and Adel. W. West. 


P. alpestris Aa//. 77. Malham Tarn (alt. 1500 ft.) W. West. 
P. hirta och. Watfield Moor (casual). H. F. Parsons. 


Rosa tomentosa Sow. d scabriuscula. 
Dent Head. W. West. 


Epilobium obscurum Schreb. Bingley, Adel, &c. W. West. 
GEnothera biennis Z. Shipley (casual). W. West. 
Sedum Rhodiola DC. Ingleborough. W. West. 

Sison Amomum JZ. East Cowick. H. F. Parsons. 

Sium latifolium Z. Barlby. W. West. 

Galium spurium Z. Clifton and Elland Edge. G. L. Lister. 
Doronicum Pardalianches Z. Hexthorpe. H. F. Parsons. 


Taraxacum erythrospermum. 
Malham Tarn (alt. 1500 ft.) W. West. 


34 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 
Vaccinium Myrtillus Z. 

Cliff Wood (rare in Vale of York), H. F. Parsons. 
Scutellaria minor Z. Breighton Common. H. F. Parsons. 
Salvia Verbenaca Z. Holme-on-Spalding-Moor. H. F. Parsons. 
Galeopsis versicolor Curt Near Brighouse. G. L. Lister. 
Rumex scutatus Z. Sawley (alien). Liverpool Nat. Field Club. 
Polygonum dumetorum (?). Fixby. G. L. Lister. 
Habenaria chlorantha Gas. Hawksworth. W. West. 
Ophrys apifera Huds. Byram. W. N. Cheesman. 

Gagea lutea Aev. Boston Spa. J. Emmet. 

Neottia nidus-avis Ach. Maltby. T. Dickin. 

Allium oleraceum Z. Shipley. W. West. 

Scirpus pauciflorus Zzgh¢f, Norwood. W. West. 
Eriophorum latifolium opffe. Malham Tarn. W. West. 
E. polystachyon var. minus Lad. Norwood. W. West. 
Carex acuta Z. Goole. T. Dickin. 

Polypodium Phegopieris Z. Baildon. W. West. 

P. Dryopteris Z. Baildon. W. West. 

P. Robertianum /offm. Arncliffe. W. West. 
Equisetum maximum Zam. Skipton, W. West. 


Selaginella Selaginoides Gray. 
Arncliffe and Whernside. W. West. 


MOSSES. 


The moss flora of Yorkshire is being diligently investigated 
by several observers, and several important additions have been 
made during the year. ‘The following list includes some of the 
principal rarities which have been noticed, those marked * being, 
it is believed, previously unrecorded for the county. 


Vice- 

Species. Locality & Observer. County. 
Sphagnum teres Azgst.... Dent Dale. — Barnes. M.W. .- 

S. papillosum Zznzdd.... ... Whernside. W. West. M.W. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 


Sphagnum intermedium fof. Whernside. W. West. 


Marsden Moor. C. P. Hobkirk. 

Gymnostomum rupestre Schzzg. 
Arncliffe and Whernside. W. West. 

Dicranella squarrosa Schrad. 

Harden Moss. C. P. Hobkirk. 
Campylopus flexuosus #77d... Arncliffe. W. West. 
*Seligeria acutifolia Zzzdb...Arncliffe. J. Whitehead. 
*§. tristicha Brid. ... ... Litton. J. Whitehead. 
Pottia Heimii Aedw. ... ... Goole. H. F. Parsons. 

Didymodon cylindricus Burch. 
Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
D. luridus Aornsch. ... Wentbridge. H. F. Parsons. 


Coneysthorpe. R. Spruce. 
Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 


Blacktoft. i: F. Parsons. 


Ditrichum flexicaule Scrwe. 
Skipton. Arncliffe. Whernside. W. West. 


Barbula aloides Koch. ... .. Addingham. W. West. 
B. recurvifolia Scipr..... Dykemarsh. H. F. Parsons. 
B. spadicea 47/7. ..._ ...Dykemarsh. H. F. Parsons. 
B. intermedia A7id.... Kirk Smeaton. H. F. Parsons. 


Trichostomum mutabile Burch. 
Wentbridge. H. F. Parsons. 


Distichum capillaceum JZ. ... Arncliffe. W. West. 
Encalypta ciliata Aedw. ... Whernside. W. West. 
Grimmia conferta /uxk... Dent Dale. — Barnes. 


G. Donniana Sow...Summit of Whernside. W. West. 
Racomitrium lanuginosum Hedw. 

Dykemarsh. H. F. Parsons. 
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Dicks. 

Dykemarsh, H. F. Parsons. 


35 
M.W. 
5. W. 


M.W. 


S.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 

S.W. 


M.W. 
S.W, 
N.E. 

M.W. 

5. E. 


M.W. 
M.W. 
S.W. 
5. W. 
5. W. 


5. W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 


S.W. 


See 


36 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Zygodon viridissimus v. rupestris. 


Storthes Hall. C. P. Hobkirk. 


Splachnum sphericum JZ. 77. Whernside. W. West. 


Whampton Moor. C. P. Hobkirk. 


Breutelia arcuata Dicks. 
Arncliffe and Whernside. W. West. 


Leptobryum pyriforme JZ... Holgate. G. Webster. 


CEdipodium Griffithianum Dicks. 
Barbon Fell. G. Stabler. 


Zieria julacea Schp. ... ... Whernside. W. West. 


Bryum pseudotriquetrum Zedw. 
Whernside. W. West. 


Mnium stellare Hedw... Roche Abbey. H. F. Parsons. 


*Aulacomnium turgidum Wa/d. 
Whernside. F. A. Lees and W. West. 


Oligotrichum hercynicum L£/r/. 


Harden Moss. C. P. Hobkirk. 


Summit of Whernside. W. West. 
Polytrichum formosum /edw. Whernside. W. West. 


*P. strictum Banks. Whernside. W. West & F. A. Lees. 


Fissidens viridulus 7s. ... Arncliffe. W. West. 
*Fontinalis gracilis Zzzdb... Malham. Prof. Barker. 
Habrodon Notarisii Sczs... Dent Dale. — Barnes. 


Thuidium abietinum Z. ... Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
Orthothecium rufescens Dicks. ... Arncliffe. W. West. 


Brachythecium salebrosum. 
Ledsham Park. F. A. Lees. 


B. rivularee’. GS: is 2..  Wherside Wa West 
Hyocomium flagellare Dzcks. 


Marsden Moor. C. P. Hobkirk. 


M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 


M.W. 
M.W. 


5.W. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 37 


Rhynchostegium murale Hedw. 8 complanatum. 
Liversedge. W. Fowler. S.W. 


Plagiothecium pulchellum /edw. 
Whernside. W. West. M.W. 


Amblystegium confervoides 477d. Bilsdale. G. Stabler. N.E. 
_ Hypnum imponens Zedw... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
H. ochraceum Zurn... Marsden Moor. C. P. Hobkirk. S.W. 


H. stramineum Dicks. 
Shipley and Whernside. W. West. M.W. 


H. giganteum Scig7. ... ... Ilkley. J.S. Wesley. M.W. 
H. cuspidatum Z. 8 pungens. Wetherby. J.S.Wesley. M.W. 


Didymodon luridus. Dr.Spruce points out that this moss, 
found at the Union meeting at Sharleston in 1877, and stated in 
the last annual report of this section to be new to the county, is 
not so, it having been found by him more than 30 years ago at 
various places in the county, and ‘‘Yorkshire” being among the 
localities given for it by Wilson in ‘Bryologia Britannica.’ The 
stations given above show that it has a wide range in the county, 
and it is doubtless often passed by as a Larbula of the fallax 
group, from which the peculiar dot-like areolation of the leaves is 
the best distinction. 

Paludella squarrosa. Mr. G. Stabler states that owing 
to the draining of Terrington Carr this moss has disappeared from 
thence, and is probably lost as a native of Yorkshire and of Britain. 
It should be looked for on the wet commons of the East Riding. 

HEPATIC. 

The following species have been recorded as found in 

Yorkshire :— 
Gymnomitrium concinnatum Corda. 

Whernside. W. West. M.W. 
Plagiochila spinulosa 4... Dent Dale. G. Stabler. M.W. 
Jungermannia minuta Cr... Blaeberry Gill. S. Anderson. N.E. 


J. curvifolia Dicks. ... ... Blaeberry Gill. G. Stabler. N.E. 


38 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Jungermannia Genthiana Wees v.Z. Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 


UE SOUIMIIEY Wz2ss, ses on Gon Deiat, (G, Suloliee, NL WY. 
J. trichophylla Z... ...- Bolton Woods. W. West. M.W. 
J. bicrenata Zindd. .:. Roche Abbey. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Saccogyna viticulosa Dum. ... Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 


Miastigobryum trilobatum &. von £. Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 


Cephalozia catenulata Lindd. 
Blaeberry Gill. M.B. Slater. N.E. 


Lejeunia minutissima Dum. ... Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 
Ee shamatitolia Qu ~-, =.) Dent. G. Stabler viaWe 
Madotheca levigata Dum...Castle Howard. G. Stabler. N.E. 
Frullania fragilifolia Zay/ ...... Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 
Pellia calycina WV. von Z...._ .... Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 
Metzgeria conjugata Zimdd... ... Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 


Reboulia hemispheerica /tadd...Dent. G. Stabler. M.W. 
Targionia hypophylla Z. ... Dent Head. W. West. M.W. 


Riccia fluitans Z. .... .... Howden. H.F. Parsons. 5S.E. 

Hirst Courtney & Drax. H. F. Parsons. M.W. 

Re glauca, Zoe) Su) ae GOole.s a Elegy pe atsons mmol ie 
LICHENS. 


For the reasons given in the first part of this report there is 
comparatively little to record in this order. The following may 
be noted :— 


Collema meleenum 4c. 
Market Weighton. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


Sphzrophoron coralloides Les. 
Ingleborough. W. West. M.W. 


Cladonia squamosa Hoffm...Goole Moor. H.F. Parsons. S.W. 
C. uncialis Aoffm...Riccall Common. H. F. Parsons. S.E, 
Platysma glaucum Z...Riccall Common. H.F. Parsons. S8.E. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 39 


Cetraria aculeata /zes. RiccallCommon. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 
C. Islandica Z. Holme-on-Spalding-Moor. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Peltigera polydactyla Hofm...Whernside. W. West. M.W. 
Solorina saccata Z. ... Warmsworth. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Parmelia olivacea Z., var. prolixa Ach. 

Whernside. W. West. M.W. 
Endocarpon fluviatile DC...Wales Wood. F. A. Lees. S.W. 

FUNGI. 


Of these we may note the following as recently recorded for 
the county :— 


Agaricus (Amanita) phalloides /7. 
Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


A. (Lepiota) granulosus Batsch. 
Skipwith. Et. F. Parsons. S.E. 


A. (L.) cepeestipes Sow. ... ... Ousefleet. T. Birks. S.W. 


A. (Tricholoma) sculpturatus /7. 
Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


| Gi.) luridus Schef. ... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
. (Clitocybe) phyllophilus 7 

Skipwith. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 
A. (Claudopus) variabilis P. Cliff Wood. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 


A. (Hebeloma) trechisporus Berk. 
Airedale. J. Mackenzie. ? 


A. (Crepidotus) Rubi Berk. ... Airedale. J. Mackenzie. ? 
A. (Hypholoma) velutinus ?. Airedale. J. Mackenzie. ? 
A. (Psilocybe) fcenisecii 7... Airedale. J. Mackenzie. ? 
Cortinarius tabularis 77 ..Cliff Wood. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
C. cinnamomeus /7 ... Cliff Wood. H.F. Parsons. S.E. 
Greollinitus 774 °.. 3.. =. Skipwith. EH. F.-Parsons. SE. 
Lactarius cilicioides 7. ... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


> > 


40 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Lactarius deliciosus /7.... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Cantharellus aurantiacus 7. Airedale. J. Mackenzie. ? 
Lentinus lepideus /. 

Piles in river Ouse opposite Goole. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Lenzites sepiaria 77. 

Piles in river Ouse opposite Goole. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Schizophyllum commune /¢...Selby. H.F. Parsons. M.W. 
Polyporus perennis #7. ... Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Craterellus sinuosus /7...Skipwith. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Cyathus striatus Hof. 

Bishop’s Wood. W.N. Cheesman. M.W. 
Sphzrobolus stellatus Zode...Riccall. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 


Crucibulum vulgare Zz. ....... Goole. T. Birks. S.W. 

Puccinia betonicee DC. ....... Shipley. W. West. M.W. 

Peziza calycina Schum. ... Selby. H.F. Parsons. M.W. 
ALGE. 


Batrachospermum atrum /azv. 
Barkston. H.F. Parsons. M.W. 
Scytonema myochrous 4g. ... Arncliffe. W. West. M.W. 


Oscillatoria nigra Vauch. .... Goole. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
O. contexta Hassall... ... ...Wakefield. W. Fowler. S.W. 
Pandorina Morum /ves...Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Volvox globator Z.... .... .... Rawcliffe. B. Saynor. S.W. 

lowdenh ze G2 aiuntonsaoste 
Ulva bullosa Ao//... ... ... Goole. H.F. Parsons. S.W. 


Enteromorpha intestinalis Z%. Goole. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 
Palmella cruenta 4g. ... Selby, &c. H.F. Parsons. M.W. 
Cylindrospermum catenatum falf. 

Goole. W.G. Tacey. S.W. 
Cosmarium crenatum fa/fs. Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. S.W. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 
Cosmarium margaritiferum Zv7-. 
Rawcliffe. HH. F. Parsons. 
C. bioculatum 47é. ... Rawcliffe. HH. F. Parsons. 
Penium Brebissonii RaZfsGoole Moor. H. F. Parsons. 
Closterium lunula J/Z//. Burley and Esholt. W. West. 


G. rostratum Z/;7... ... ... Goole. H. F. Parsons. 
GC. moniliferum Born... ... Holme. —H. F. Parsons. 
Gwcounl 2770)... +5. .. Rawcliffe EL Fy Parsons. 


Pediastrum Ehrenbergil Corda. 
Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. 
Sphzerozosma vertebratum G7é0. 
Rawcliffe. W. Barwell Turner. 


Staurastrum gracile Ra//s...Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. 


Scenedesmus caudatus ... ... Cracoe. W. West. 
Sy acutus Aveyen... ... ... Rawcliffe. HH. F. Parsons. 
S. obtusus J/eyen... ... ... Rawcliffe. H. F. Parsons. 


S. quadricaudatus 472d. ... Rawcliffe. HH. F. Parsons. 
Micrasterias rotata Ra/fs.... ... Adel. W. West. 


Tabellaria ventricosa Kg. ... ...Adel. W. West. 


Meridion circulare 4g. Allertonand Esholt. W. West. 


Diatoma vulgare Bory... ... ...Goole. E. Hunter. 
Melosira opercula ... ... .... Goole. E. Hunter. 
M. nummuloides 4g.... .... ...Goole. E. Hunter. 
M. varians Ag.... ... ...Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. 


Nitzschia sigmoidea Sw. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. 


N. lanceolata Sv. ... ... Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. 
esi enc S77cem en weer ee Goole, @ [4 Elarisom 
Nem Cltiioiale S775 uses eee a (Goole: e0)i ilarrisont 


41 


S.W. 
S.W. 
5. W.. 
M.W. 
5. W. 
5.E. 
S.W. 


5. W. 


S.W. 
S.W. 
M.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
M.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 


5.W. 
S.W. 
5.W. 
s. W. 


E4 


42 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Cymatopleura Solea Sw. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. 


K. 


Hunter. 


C. elliptica 27é...Goole and Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. 


Surirella striatula Zur. ... ... Goole. 
Synedra capitata Zz... ...__...Goole. 
Tryblionella gracilis Sm... ... Goole. 
Tn EXCULAAIMENI, Siz2s osu cd0 cod Goll 
i. scuteliitim) S7:... 2 |) -aeGoole: 
Wo timitMUNtel cos oan gon 660 INOONS ADIOS. 


Cymbella gastroidea Kz. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. 
Cocconema Boeckii... ...Roche Abbey. 


C. parvum Swz...Roche Abbey and Goole. 


Gomphonema acuminatum £47. 


Roche Abbey and Goole. 
G. capitatum £/7... ... Roche Abbey. 


Navicula affinis Zend. ... ... Goole. 


N. amphirhynchus. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. 


N. amphisbeena Zorn. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. 


N. rhynchocephala 4g. 


Goole and Roche Abbey. 


N: Spenceriil Sv... ~.. ... (Goole: 
NevaittenWataekdece) ee eae Goole: 
N. cuspidata Kg. .... ... Roche Abbey. 
Nivovallism S774 ar aaeoochema bey. 
N. latissima Gveg... ... Roche Abbey. 


Pleurosigma lacustre S...Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. 
P. strigilis S... Roche Abbey and Goole. 


J. Harrison. 


E. Hunter. 


BE. 
E. 
E. 


E. 
E. 


J. Harrison. 
J. Harrison. 
J. Harrison. 


E. 


Hunter. 


Hunter. 
Hunter. 


Hunter. 


Hunter. 


Hunter. 


J. Harrison. 


E. 


E. 


ea 


E. 


Soe om Fo 


Hunter. 


Hunter. 


. Hunter. 
. Hunter. 


. Hunter. 


Hunter. 


Hunter. 


. Hunter. 


Hunter. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878 


5. W. 
5. W. 
Sawa 
S.W. 
5. W. 
5. W. 
5. W. 
5. W. 


5. W. 
5.W. 
5.W. 


5. W. 
S.W. 
Save 


S.W. 


S.W. 


5.W. 
S.W. 
SW. 
5. W. 
S.W. 
5. W. 
S.W. 
S.W. 


. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 43 


Pleurosigma attenuatum Sm. 
Roche Abbey and Goole. E. Hunter. S.W. 


P. acuminatum Sv. 
Roche Abbey and Goole. E. Hunter. S.W. 
P. hippocampus Gvz. 


Pinnularia viridis Rad. ... Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. S.W. 


phaciosa ad. =... «. Roche Abbey. E., Hunter, S.W. 
Amphora ovalis Ag... ...Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. S.W. 
A. littoralis Donk... ... Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. S.W. 
APEaValiiiae AG... = 25) cs. s-) .-.Goole. BH, Hunter, ~“S..W. 


Gomphogramma rupestre 4. 47. Goole. J. Harrison. S.W. 
Campylodiscus flexuosus. Roche Abbey. E. Hunter. S.W. 


IMS, So INPIPIOWRANI LSS? 

The ‘ Naturalist,’ the organ of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union, has during the year given a prominent position to botany, 
especially cryptogamic botany. Among others may be mentioned 
the papers by Mr. W. West on “ Mosses,” by Mr. Geo. Brook, ter., 
on ‘Salmon disease in the River Eden” (caused by a fungus, 
Achlya), by Mr. C. P. Hobkirk “On preserving Mosses,” by Mr. 
Thos. Hick on “Sexual Reproduction of Fungi,” and by Dr. 
Parsons on ‘‘Flowerless Plants and their Habitats,” and the 
bryological notes by the Rey. J. Fergusson, Messrs. J. Whitehead, 
E. M. Holmes, J. S. Wesley, F.-A. Lees, G. Stabler, &c. ; 


PROBLEMS OF PLANT DISTRIBUTION. 

Among the subjects discussed in the pages of the 
‘Naturalist’ by members of the Union have been certain 
interesting questions bearing on the distribution of plants. 
One of these questions was—How comes Llodea canadensis, an 
introduced species, of which only the female plant occurs in 
Britain, and which therefore does not seed, to be found in 
isolated and elevated ponds far removed from any navigable 
waters? The explanation offered by the Rev. W. Fowler seems 


A4 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


probable, in some cases at least, viz., that broken fragments of 
the stem (which readily take root at every joining) may be 
conveyed from one piece of water to another entangled in the 
plumage or feet of water birds. 

Another problem is—What is the explanation of the occasional 
reappearance of mountain plants, especially cryptogams, on barren 
sandy heaths in the plains? The question was raised by the 
discovery by Mr. F. A. Lees of a well known Arctic and Alpine 
lichen, the so-called “Iceland Moss” (Ce¢varia Islandica) in pine 
woods on the greensand near Market Rasen, in North Lincoln- 
shire, since found also in heathy pine woods on alluvial sand at 
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor in the East Riding, and said by the 
Rev. W. A. Leighton to occur at King’s Lynn. Other examples of 
a similar nature are Lycopodium clavatum, inundatum and alpinum, 
formerly found by the Rev. W. Fowler on Crossby Warren, North 
Lincoln; Racomitrium canescens on Santon Warren, North Lincoln, 
and on Strensall Common near York; Cefrarta aculeata, Platysma 
glaucum and Cladonia uncialis on Riccall Common; Lmpetrum 
nigrum on Goole Moor, &c. Two explanations may be suggested: 
such species may be either intruders introduced by some means 
into the stations which they occupy, or stragglers left behind in 
the general retreat and able to hold their ground under favorable 
circumstances against the invading host of new species brought 
in by a change in physical or climatic conditions. It was thought 
by the writers that, in the above instances, the second explanation 
was probably the correct one, and that the plants in question 
were remnants of a boreal fauna left behind when the ice and 
cold of the glacial period retreated into more northern regions, 
The circumstances favorable to such plants possessed in common 
by sandy heaths and mountains appear to be plenty of fresh air, 
an atmosphere free from smoke and other impurities derived from 
the presence of man, humidity, and above all the absence of undue 
competition of other plants, especially of the herbage plants of 
pastures, and of the weeds of cultivation; this freedom from com- 
petition being secured in one case by the cold and elevation, in 
the other by the barrenness of the soil. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 45 


Instances of introduction by human agency are not common 
among the cryptogamia, but the following appears to be one:— 
On the gritstone coping of an old clough or sluice on the River 
Don at Dykemarsh near Thorne, below high water mark, several 
mosses occur which have not been found elsewhere in that neigh- 
borhood, a low-lying alluvial district, and of these three at least, 
viz.:—Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ptychomitrium polyphylum and 
Tortula veflexa are decidedly of a mountain type, and may have 
been introduced with the stone—millstone grit—from the high 
western moors of Yorkshire. 


A line in which the observations of members of the Union 
may be usefully directed is the relation of the flora to the geological 
and chemical character of the soil. ‘The following is suggested as 
a classification of soils for botanical purposes :— 


1. eneo-metamorphic—eranite, basalt, clay slate. 
2. Calcareous—limestone, marl, chalk. 
3. Argillaceous—ciay, shale. 


4. Avrenaceous—sand, gravel, sandstone, grit. 
be Aeaty. 


with intermediate varieties. 


The following is merely an outline of the botanical charac- 
teristics of these several soils, the details being left to be filled in 
and the whole confirmed or refuted by future observations. 


1. IGNEO-METAMORPHIC.—The representatives of this group 
in Yorkshire are few, viz.:—the whinstone of Teesdale and the 
Silurian slate of Craven and the borders of Westmoreland. The 
phzenogamic flora on these rocks is characterized not so much by 
certain species being constantly or commonly present where they 
occur and absent where they do not, as by the general richness of 
the flora which they bear, which frequently comprises many local 
or rare species, and often exhibits in company plants partial to 
hard ‘“‘dysgeogenous” rocky soils, some choosing limestone and 


7 


40 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


others sandstone rocks, but which elsewhere do not occur 
together. The botanical characters of granite, basalt and slate 
are however all different when they have a fair chance of 
showing themselves, which is not the case with the two 
former in the North of England. It may perhaps be affirmed 
that in its botanical characters granite approaches the arenace- 
ous, basalt the calcareous, and slate the argillaceous group of 
strata. 


The cryptogamic flora of the 1gneo-metamorphic rocks is 
very rich and varied and contains several abundant and character- 
istic species. 


The following species are chiefly found on rocks of this — 


class :— 
Alchemilla alpina. | Hedwigia ciliata. 
Asplenium septentrionale. _ Parmelia conspersa. 
Cryptogramme crispa. Lecanora ventosa. 
Grimmia (several species). | Lecidea geographica. 


It is also to be noticed that the plants of alpine regions are 
frequent on these strata, descending to a comparatively low level. 
On a calcareous soil, on the other hand, mountain plants do not 
appear until we reach a considerable elevation, while the ordinary 
species of lowland districts reach a higher level on limestone than 


on either of the other kinds of rock. 


2. CALCAREOUS.—The flora of calcareous soils is numerous 
in species and rich in characteristic forms. The special feature 
of the vegetation of such soils is the closely-matted green carpet 
of herbage with which the surface is covered. Out of the large 
number of species more or less peculiar to limestone soils the 
following may be mentioned :— 


Viola hirta. Geranium lucidum. 
Arabis hirsuta. Genista tinctoria. 
Draba verna. Anthyllis vulneraria. 
Reseda lutea. Spirea Filipendula. 
Helianthemum vulgare. Poterium sanguisorba. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878, Aq 


Pyrus aria. Scolopendrium vulgare. 
Saxifraga tridactylites. Eucladium verticillatum. 
Pastinaca sativa. Didymodon rubellus. 
Galium Mollugo. Encalypta vulgaris. 
Carduus eriophorus. E. streptocarpa. 

C. acaulis. Ditrichum flexicaule. 
Erigeron acris. Tortula tortuosa. 

Chlora perfoliata. Neckera crispa. 
Gentiana Amarella. Anomodon viticulosus. 
Thymus Serpyllum. Hypnum commutatum. 
Origanum vulgare. H. filicinum. 

Salvia Verbenaca. Madotheca platyphylla. 
Fagus sylvatica. Collema various species. 
Taxus baccata. Placodium candicans. 
Orchidee, various species. Solorina saccata. 
Sclerochloa rigida. Endocarpon miniatum. 
Bromus erectus. Nostoc commune. 


On the other hand a calcareous soil is equally readily 
recognised by the absence of other plants common and abundant 
on other soils, especially sand, e.g., the foxglove, the heaths, the 
bilberry, &c. 

Sometimes, as for instance in Teesdale and on Malham Moor, 
the termination of the limestone rock may be mapped out on the 
surface almost to a foot by the abrupt and total change which we 
find in the flora when we cross its boundary. 


3. ARENACEOUS.—The contrast between the flora of sandy 
and that of limestone soils is very strongly marked as a general 
rule. Nevertheless there are certain plants usually found on 
limestone which occur on sandy dunes on the coast, ¢.g., Chlora 
perfoliata, Echium vulgare, Cynoglossum officinale, Orchis pyra- 
midalis, Ophrys apifera, &c. There are other plants which love 
a dry soil, but are not particular whether it be limestone or sandy, 
0g., Trifolium striatum and procumbens, Verbascum Thapsus, &c. 
The following may be taken as among the more characteristic 
plants of arenaceous soils :— 


48 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Papaver Argemone. 
Corydalis claviculata. 
Teesdalia nudicaulis. 
Spergula arvensis. 
Spergularia rubra. 
Scleranthus annuus. 
Radiola Millegrana. 
Sarothamnus scoparius. 
Trifohum arvense. 
Ornithopus perpusillus. 
Peplis Portula. 

Montia fontana. 
Cheerophyllum Anthriscus. 
Centaurea Cyanus. 
Chrysanthemum segetum. 
Hieracium boreale. 
Jasione montana. 

Erica cinerea. 

Digitalis purpurea. 


Galeopsis versicolor. 
Teucrium Scorodonia. 
Anagallis tenella. 
Plantago Coronopus. 
Rumex Acetosella. 
Salix repens. 

Juncus bufonius & squarrosus. 
Carex arenaria. 

Aira flexuosa and preecox. 
Holcus mollis. 

Weissia viridula. 

Dicranella heteromalla. 
Polytrichum juniperinum. 

P. piliferum. 

Pogonatum aloides & nanum. 
Bartramia pomiformis. 
Brachythecium albicans. 
Squamaria saxicola. 


Ulva crispa. 


The larger Fungi abound especially on sandy soil. 


Some of the above which love moist situations are common 


to sand and peat. 


4. ARGILLACEOUS.—Clayey soils are cold, wet and _ back- 
ward; the flora is meagre as regards number of species as compared 
with that of either limestone or sand, and is marked less by the 
presence of particular plants than by the absence of those charac- 
teristic respectively of limestone and sand. 


The following plants, though by no means confined to, are 
nevertheless frequently found on a clay soil:— 


Ononis arvensis, 
Trifolium medium. 
Silaus pratensis. 
Scablosa succisa. 
Achillea ptarmica. 


Tussilago Farfara. 

Picris hieracioides. 
Helminthia echioides. 
Sonchus arvensis. 
Lysimachia nummularia. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. SeriesE 


SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 49 


Iris Pseudacorus. Lolium perenne. 


Juncus glaucus. Phascum cuspidatum. 
Carex panicea and glauca. Peziza trechispora. 


Phragmites communis. 


5. PEaty.—Peat is formed usually on waterlogged sand, or 
gritstone, less frequently and less perfectly on clay, and very rarely 
on limestone, as on Ingleborough. It consists almost entirely of 
decayed semicarbonized remains of plants, especially those of 
the small shrubby Ericacez, rushes and sedges, and the larger 
mosses, especially species of Sphagnum and Polytrichum, with a 
very small proportion of mineral matter, unless mixed with sand. 
The surface where the soil is peaty is generally covered by brown 
heathery moorlands; the vegetation is marked by the profusion 
of individual plants belonging to a relatively small number of 
species, by the absence or rarity of grasses and of plants with 
yellow flowers, and by the almost total absence of the pasture 
plants and of the weeds of cultivation. Hence the peat flora 
stands in strong contrast to that of the limestone, but graduates 
into that of the sand. If the drainage of a sandy common or of 
a gritstone or slaty mountain side be obstructed, its conversion 
into a peat bog is merely a matter of time. The following are 
characteristic peat-loving plants. 


Drosera, all the species. 
Rhamnus Frangula. 
Comarum palustre. 
Rubus chamzemorus. 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris. 
Wahlenbergia hederacea. 
Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
Andromeda polifolia. 
Erica Tetralix. 


Pinguicula, all the species. 


Empetrum nigrum. 
Myrica Gale. 
Narthecium ossifragum. 


Rhynchospora alba. 

Carex limosa, C. curta and 
C. ampullacea. 

Eriophorum, all the species. 

Molinia czerulea. 

Nardus stricta. 

Nephrodium spinulosum. 

Sphagnum, all the species. 

Campylopus, species. 

Leucobryum glaucum. 

Cladonia, species. 

Lecidea decolorans. 


50 SUPPLEMENT TO BOTANICAL REPORT—1878. 


Between the above five types of floras various intermediate 
varieties are met with. The flora of alluvial loam and warp is of a 
mixed character, corresponding with the compositechemical nature 
of the soil and the various nature of the rocks from which it was 
derived. The flora of the boulder clay in places approaches a 
calcareous type owing to the large number of limestone boulders 
and débris which it contains. 


In tracing out instances bearing upon the problems of plant 
distribution, the members of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union 
may finda wide and promising field for investigation, and though 
the scientific value of the work of each individual worker among 
us may be small taken by itself, yet pieced together by a skilful 
hand the results may possibly in time combine to form a substantial 
addition to the sum of human knowledge respecting the history 
of our earth and its vegetation. 


CORRECTION. 


Since page 37 was printed off, Mr. William West has pointed 
out that Gymnomitrium concinnatum was there erroneously inserted 
in the list of Hepatice, the error having arisen through a 
misunderstanding arising in the course of correspondence.—ED. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E- 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 51 


THE MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 


By H. FRANKLIN PARSONS, M.D., F.G.S., GooLe, 
Secretary of the Botanical Section. 


Of the three divisions of Yorkshire the East Riding has been, 
botanically, by far the least thoroughly investigated. No writer 
has -yet arisen to treat of its flora as that of the North Riding has 
been dealt with by Mr. Baker, or that of the West Riding in the 
‘West Yorkshire’ of Messrs. Davis and Lees. To supplement 
this deficiency is a work which may usefully be undertaken by the 
members of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, and as a first 
~ instalment towards it the following list of the mosses hitherto 
ascertained to occur as inhabitants of the region has beencompiled. 
This catalogue however can make no pretension to anything like 
completeness, many parts of the Riding being as yet quite unex- 
plored, and the remainder with few exceptions worked but very 
imperfectly. The total number of species hitherto ascertained is 175, 
about an average number for a lowland district, and almost exactly 
the same as that (174) given by Mr. Boswell for Oxfordshire. 


The Moss flora of the East Riding is far less numerous in 
species than that of either of the other Ridings, for not only is 
the East Riding the smallest of. the three divisions of Yorkshire, 
but it presents the least variety of surface and elevation, and its 
physical conditions are the least favorable to the growth of mosses. 
It has no mountains, the highest elevation being 815 ft. above the 
sea, the climate is dry, and the surface in great part consists of 
highly cultivated arable land. Onthe Chalk Wolds which stretch 
through the Riding in a curved direction from the Humber to 
Flamborough Head, the dry calcareous soil is little adapted to 
the growth of mosses, and the alluvial and drift peninsula of 
Holderness to the east has been but little explored. The most 
favorable localities in the Riding are the belt of undulating lime- 
stone country on the western edge of the Wolds, formed by the 
outcrop of the oolites and lias, and the wet sandy commons and 


52 PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 


heathy firwoods on the alluvial sand of the Vale of York. The 
former tract yields some of the mosses characteristic of hard 
calcareous strata, e.g. Weckera crispa, Ditrichum flexicaule and 
Encalypta streptocarpa;* the mud-capped stone walls are favorite 
habitats for the minute annual species, as Pottia; and the tree 
trunks are covered to a greater extent than in other parts of the 
district with corticolous mosses and lichens, among which C7)phea 
heteromalla, a southern form, may be mentioned. 


The wet sandy heaths of the Vale of York abound with the 
larger terrestrial and bog-loving mosses, e.g. species of Sphagnum, 
Dicranum, Polytrichum and Hypnum, which in moist shady 
situations attain a considerable degree of luxuriance; some of the 
less frequently fertile Zypuacee, as H. Schreberit, 1. splendens and 
Fl. triguetrum being occasionally found in that state. Although so 
little elevated above the sea level it is on these wet moors if any- 
where that we must look for any species approaching a northern or 
mountain type; the rare Dicranum spurium, Breutelia arciata 
and Zetraplodon angustatus, recorded many years ago, may be 
considered to belong to this type, but the Racomitria so abundant 
and characteristic of hilly regions are conspicuous by their absence. 
R. canescens however occurs on Strensall Common in the adjacent 
part of the North Riding, and also on sandy heaths in Lincolnshire, 
just across the Humber, so that it is very probable that diligent 
search may yet discover it in the East Riding, especially as certain 
mountain Lichens, e.g. Platysma glaucum, Cetraria aculeata and 
tslandica, and Cladonia uncialis occur on the sandy heaths of the 
East Riding. 

It may be remarked that with a few exceptions, as the 
Polytricha, Orthotricha, Plagtothectum denticulatum, Hypnum 
cuspidatum, Hf. palustre, Tortula convoluta, &c., the mosses of this 
as of other lowland districts perfect their fruit in the winter and 
spring. The mosses of alpine regions, on the other hand, many 
of them ripen their fruit in the summer. 


* Anomodon viticulosus should be looked for in this part of the Riding. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 5B 
The only authors who have published lists of Mosses in 
which East Riding stations are quoted are:— 


Ropert TEESDALE—‘Supplement to Plante Eboracenses’ 
in ‘Linnean Transactions,’ Vol. v., (1800) pp. 36—95. 


RICHARD SpRUCcE—‘ List of Yorkshire Mosses and Hepaticz’ 
in the ‘Phytologist’ for 1845. 


Henry Batnes—‘ Yorkshire Flora,’ 1840. 


The initials after the localities in the list denote the following 


observers :— 
Rohe Robert Teesdale; loc. cit. 
1a Se R. Spruce, Ph. D., Coneysthorpe, Malton. 


M. B.S. Matthew B. Slater, Malton. 
H. F. P. H. Franklin Parsons, M.D., Goole. 


The thanks of the section are due to Dr. Spruce and Mr. 
Slater for MS. lists of Mosses, and to Mr. H. Boswell for kindly 
revising this report. 

The nomenclature adopted is that of the ‘ London Catalogue 
of British Mosses,’ compiled by Messrs. C. P. Hobkirk and H. 
Boswell for the Botanical Locality Record Club. 


JESSIE (OUP  SlCTE CHIT Ss, 


Sphagnum acutifolium LZi7/. 
Langwith Moor, R. S. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


S. squarrosum ers. 
Langwith Moor, R. S. Cliff Wood, H. F. P. 


S. cuspidatum £v7/. 
Langwith Moor, R.S. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


S. rigidum Sc#r. var. compactum 4rd. Langwith Moor, R. S. 
Riccall and Breighton Commons, H. F. P. 
S. contortum Schultz. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


S. tenellum Zfrh. (= S. molluscum, Bruch.) 
Langwith and Barmby Moors, R. S. 


54 PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 


Sphagnum cymbifolium Zr. 
Langwith Moor, &c., R. S. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 
(S. papillosum would probably occur.) 
Gymnostomum microstomum /edw. 
Norton, M. B.S. York and Langwith Moor, R. S. 
Weissia viridula 4777. 
Near Eddlethorpe, M.B.S. Welton, H. F. P. York, R.S. 
W. cirrhata Hedw. Thatchroofs at Barlby and Lund, H. F. P. 
Dicranella cerviculata Hedw. 
Brough, H. F. P. Langwith Moor, R.S: 
D. varia Hedw. Kirkham, M.B.S. York, R. S. 
D. rufescens Zw. York, stubbles, R. S. 
D. heteromalla Hedw. York, R.S. Riccall, H. F. P. 
Dicranum scoparium Z. Woods towards Ouse and Derwent, 
R. S. ~Riccall and Holme; H. F. P. 
D. majus Zurn. Cliff Wood near Selby, H. F. P. 
D, palustre 2rid. Langwith and Barmby Moors, R. S._ Cliff 
Wood and Skipwith, H. F. P. 
D. spurium Aedw. Houghton and Barmby Moors, R. T. 


‘Discovered at Barmby Moor by Teesdale about 1770. 
Figured in Eng. Bot. from his specimens. Re-found by 
R. S., 5th Nov. 1842, and in fruit July 1843. Grows 
also on Langwith and Woodhouse Moors,” R. S. 


Campylopus fragilis &. & SS. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


Heathy woods east of York, R. S. 
Seligeria calcarea Dicks. 


Chalkstones near Bishop Burton, rare, R. T. 
Archidium phascoides rid. Langwith Moor (fruit), R. S. 


Pleuridium (Phascum) nitidum Hedw. 
Works, Glen loa, IR, So eeyedley, IR, I. 


P. subulatum Z. York, sandy situations, R. S. 
P. alternifolium &. & S. Langwith, &c., frequent, R. S. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 55 


Leucobryum glaucum Z. Langwith and Barmby Moors, R.S. 
Howsham, M. B.S. Riccall Common and Holme-on- 
Spalding-Moor, H. F. P. 

Spherangium (Phascum) muticum Schreb. Near York, R. S. 

Phascum cuspidatum Schreb. Brough, H. F. P. 

P. curvicollum edw. 

Wolds between Beverley and Market Weighton, R. T. 

P. rectum Sw. ‘With the last,” R. T. 

Systegium crispum Aedw. Figham near Beverley, R. T. 

Pottia minutula Sciwg. Kirkham, M. B.S. York, R. S. 

P. truncata Z. York,.R. S. 

P. intermedia Zurn. York, gardens, R. S. 

P. Heimii Hedw. Brough, H. F. P. 

P. lanceolata Dicks. Near Welham, M. B.S. York, R.S. 

Welttorm, lel 185 12 

P. cavifolia Zirh. Mud-capped walls, Westow, R. S. 

Billerkerwes heel. 


Didymodon rubellus 2. & S. Welham, M. B. S. 
Works R2S,  Keltreld) N. Cave, Hl, EF. P. 


D. luridus Aornsch. Blacktoft, H. F. P. 
Ditrichum flexicaule Schzweg. 

Brantingham Dale and North Cave, H. F. P. 
D. homomallum edw. Langwith, R. S. 
Trichostomum tophaceum 47d. York, R. S. 
Barbula (=Tortula) rigida Schurz. 

Mud-capped walls, Westow, &c., R. S. 

B. ambigua B. & S. With last, R. S. 

Near Kirkham, M. B.S. Ellerker, H. F. P. 
B. aloides Koch. With last, R. S. 
B. muralis Z. Common on walls, R. S. Welton, &c, H. F. P. 


B. unguiculata Dz, York, &c., R.S. 
Fulford and Brough, H. F. P. Welham, M. B. S, 


56 PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 


Barbula fallax AHedw: York, R. S. Brough, H. F. P. 
B. rigidula Dicks. Broomfleet, H. F. P. 

B. convoluta Hedw. York, R.S. Brough, H. F. P. 
B. subulata Z. York, R. S. North Duffield, H. F. P. 
B 


. leevipila Azza. Trees in York Dale, M. B. S. 
Drewton and Brough, H. F. P. 


B. latifolia & & S. Trees by River Derwent, Kirkham, R. 5. 
B. ruralis Z. MHeslerton, M. B.S. Brough, H. F. P. 
B. papillosa A7zd. Trees, York Dale near Sledmere, M.B.S. 


Ceratodon purpureus Z. Kirkham, M. B.S. 
Towthorpe, &c., R.S. Riccall and Brough, H. F. P. 


Encalypta vulgaris Aedw. 
North Cave; Hi: Ps Near Burdales Vine Bars: 


Grimmia apocarpa Z. Wall near Whitewale, M. B. S. 
Drewton and Brough, H. F. P. 


G: pulvinata 277" York, é&e) Reiss) Hillerierssle stages 
Zygodon viridissimus Dicks. 

Near Sledmere, IME, JS IBwOuIelN aval ISlollene, JSl IF, J. 
Ulota Bruchii Aornsch. Trees near Sledmere, M. B.S. 
U. crispa Hedw. Woods by Ouse and Derwent, R. S. 
U. intermedia Schp. Cliff Wood, near Selby, H. F. P. 
U. phyllantha 477d. York. 
Orthotrichum saxatile 277d. Walls towards Elvington, R. S, 
O. cupulatum Aoffm. Walls towards Elvington, R. S. 
. affine Schrad. Brough, H. F. P. 


. tenellum Bruch. York, on trees, scarce, R. S. 


(e) (©) © 


. diaphanum Schrad. Alders by Derwent, near Hutton, 
M.B.S. Brough and Riccall, H. F. P. 


O. Lyellii & & 7. Trees near Sledmere, M. B. S. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series E 


fog 
9 


TRANSACTIONS 

a YORKSHIRE « ieee, 

NATURALISTS’ UNION. 
ao 


Issued to the Subscribers for the year 1878. 


N.B.—The Subseribers for 1878 are also entitled to receive Part 2. 


CONTENTS’ 


Series B—Verresrate Zootocy—Sheets 2 and 3. 
The Birds of Y orkshire (continuation), 
W. EAGLE CLARKE, M.B.O.U., pp. 17 to 48... 
Series D—ArricuLara—Sheet = 


Yorkshire Hymenoptera in 1878 and second list of species (concluded). 
“W. Sees ROEBUCK, PP. oe to 67. hi 


Yorkshire. Ichneumonidae: na: Braconidze for 1878. 
D : Ri S:D. Bairstow, F.L.S., as 68 to 70. | 


Yorkshire Macro-lepidoptera in 1878: eoadasneere MLE 
Gro. T. PorriTT, F.L.S., pp. 71 to 80. 


3 | 


Hondo: 


_W. SATCHELL AND CO., 12, TAVISTOCK STREET, w.C. 


“LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., PRINTERS, ST. ANN STREET. 


1880. 


~ 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION, 


LAS |G OF EMER AUGUST, 1880. 


Corrections and additions to the following list should be at‘once eee to sthe Secretaries, 


HONORARY: LIFE MEMBER. 


Parsons, H. Franklin, JZ.D., 7.G.S., London. 


SUBSCRIBERS OF 'TWO GUINEAS. 


* Ripon, Marquis of, A.G., 7. 2.S., Studley. 
Fowler, Rev. William, AL. gal Liversedge. 
Sorby, H. Clifton, LT Ds, ER. iS, Sheffield. 
Tindall, Edward, Knapion Hall, Rillington. 


Wentworth) EF, W. TP. Vij) Wentworth: Conte: 


ONE GUINEA. 


Devore Duke, A. G., 7.2.S.; Bolton bey. 
Walsingham, Lord, 4. A. » AZ. So Merion Hall. 
Bairstow, S. D., ae Ss "Huddersfield, 
Barran, John, Ma Be, Leeds. 

Bedwell, EF. A2, ER, MS... Br idlington Quay. 
Brook, George, ter, 
Brooke, Edward, vanes Se, Huddersfield. 


Brooke, Thomas, 7 ?,, E. S.A., Huddersfield. 


Carter, James, Burton Louse, Bedale. 
Creyke, Ralph, JZ.P., Rawelijfe Hall. 
Jowitt,. R. Benson, Leeds, 

Leatham, E. A., JZA., 17. P.: Huddersfield. 
Newman, Char les, BL, S., Barnsley. 
Porritt, Geo. Way Bact , Huddersfield. 
Standering, William, Thor. pe Willoughby. 
Starkey, L. RL 12., ‘Becca, al, Leeds. 
Sykes, John, We D., Doncaster. 
Wilsons John, 7. e,, Seacrojt Hall, Leeds. 


" HALE- A-GUINEA. 


Meander, William, WE Du, FP, St, Halifax, 
» Barwick, J..M., JZ. A., Low Hall, Veadon. 
Backhouse, James, Holvate, York. 
Beaumont, Alfred, JZ. Zz. S., Auddei uae 
Brigg, John, GS. Keg, ighley. 
Brown, John, Ripon. 
Cameron J. S., 47. D., B.Sc., Huddersfield 
Guest, John,’ P. S.A, ’ Rotherham. 
Hobkirk, C. P., /. Es, Huddersfield. 
Meade, RK: H., PRGS , Bradford. 
Mitchell, F. Sr ML. O. U,, Clitheroe. 
Moiser, H. R., “GS. Peworth, York, 
Northrop, F. , Miilholme, Skipton. 
Ormerod, Thomas, Brighouse.) 
Pearson, Hugh W., Aalto. 
Pocklington, Henry,: 7: R.JLS., Leeds. 
Russell, Captam, dZa/¢on. 
Russell, A., AZaltoz. 
Yaylor, John William, Leeds. 
Tetley, Cle Leeds. ° 
_ Tew, Thomas William, FP, Ge., Pontefact. 
Tiddeman, Ri ‘Hi, 47. As F.G.S., London. 
- Whitaker, T.S., FR.G. Sy Everthor, Be, URE, 
Whitwell, William, Holvute, York. 


_ TEN, SHILLINGS. | 


Wharncliffe, Earl of, Wortley, Sheffield. 
Atkinson, John T.,. FG. S. ARMS, Sedby. 
Chaloner, Rev. J. W., Newton Kye. 

* Embleton, T..W., Methley, Leeds. « 

Hindley, A. D., Liversedge. 

. Hindson, Isaac, Keankby, Lonsdale. 

Kell, A. R., C.2., Barnsley. — : 
Sherlock, Rev. T D., M.A., Ingleton. 


FL 6. Huddersfield. 


SEVEN SHILLINGS. 
Foster, Matthew, Sascton, Brough. 
RIVE. SHILLINGS. 


Allen, Alfred H,, 7.C.S., Sheffield. 


Andrews, Thomas, /.C.S., Wortley, Sheffield, 
Bainbridge, Frederick, Sea borough. 
Barnby, E., (Za/toz. 

Bedford, James, Leeds, 

Benn, Thomas, Leeds. 

Birchall, Edward, Leeds. 

Braim, John, Pickering. 

Brigg, M. A., Leeds. 

Butterell;. J. Se ull. 

Cash, William, L.G.S., Halifax. 

Cheesman, W. Norwood, Selby. 

Clarke, W. Eagle, 47. £. O. U., Leeds. 
Colby, G:, ALalton. ; 
Cordeane John, JZ. B.0. W., Creat Cotes. 
Crebbin, ‘Alfred, Bradford. 

Davis, Edward; Leeds. 

Davis, J. W., HE: oe » £.G.S,, Gor Flalz (ad. 
Dennis, George (Ce Gig e 

Dowker, F. W. Bae. 

Drew, Samuel, D.Sc. Ed., F.RS.E., Sheffield. 
Eddy, J. Ray, 7. G.AS., FRMLS. Shipton, 
Fison, F. W., 2.4., PGR ONe Libley, 

Fox, James, Barnsley. ci 

Gibson, J. H., JLD., Huil. 

Gomersall,. Willian, Otterburn, Bell. Busk. 
Gray, Rev. Edmund, Sharow, Ripon. 
Hawley, John; Doncaster. ; 

Hewetson, H.. B:, Leeds. 
Horsfall, John, FERC. Se Leeds. e 
Hodgson, William, Vor ton, Malton. 
Hutchinson, John, Barnsley. 

Jagger, William, Bradford. 

Jessop, “ev. William, M.A, , Sheffield. 


~ Keighley, J. H., Whetby. 


Lupton, Henry, M.LE.S., Leeds. 


‘McLandsborough, f., C. ips TE CaS Bhd 


Marshall, John, Sowerby Bridee, 
Massee, Gun , Scarborough. f 
Mason, Philip B., EVELS., Burton-on- ve rent. 
Mortis, Mrs. A. Ts; Carleton. Skipton. 
Niven, James C., Botanic Garden, Ffull. 
‘Parkinson, F., Market Weighton. 
Prest, ‘William, Holgate, Vorb. 
Ransome, Prof. Cyril, M.A., Leeds. 


-Rawson, aanes S., Zhorpe, Hali ya. 


Richardson, C. W., Wakefield. PSE 
Ridgway, AG Ambrose, FRLALS Beverly 
Robinson, William, Sedbergh. d 
Roebuck, W. Denison, Leeds.’ - 
Scharff, Robert, Bradford and Edinburgh. 
Slater, Matthew B., AZalton. 
Smith, Henry Stooks, Headingley, Leeds, 
Spence, Charles S., Armley, Leeds. — 
Standen, Robert, Goosniar. oh, Preston: 
Sugden, Aev. E. H., B.A.; B.Sc, Leeds. 
Thomas, Rev. C. Ex, Warmsworthe 
Tindall, George, Doncaster, 
Turner, W.. Barwell, 7. C.S., 72. M 5 Leeds 
Vewdall, a Leeds: 5 


—_—_ 


» é C \ 
OCT 11 1945°) 2 
aR ARY 
Mr. Thomas Allis in his report (1844) mentions that a female 
was shot at Easingwold, and sent to Mr. Chapman of York for 
preservation, with the message that if it wasa Cuckoo he was to 
stuff it for the person who shot it, but that if it was not a Cuckoo 
he might keep it. The Rev. F. O. Morris informed Mr. Allis 
that a female was shot at Rossington near Doncaster, no date 
being given. 


€0 A2.4 RED-FOOTED FALCON. 
’ 


A female in mature plumage was shot from a ship entering 
the mouth of the Humber in November 1864, as it hovered over 
the vessel. This specimen came into the possession of Mr. W. 
W. Boulton, of Beverley, in the flesh, and is recorded by that 
gentleman in the Zoologist (1865, p. 9415). 


Mr. J. E. Harting in his Handbook of British Birds (p. 86) 
mentions that a mature male was shot at Bridlington on the 6th of 
July 1865; remarking that it had been hitherto unrecorded. 


In the collection of Mr. T. Machin of Bridlington there is a 
mature male, shot at Bempton by Mr. R. Morris on the 18th of 
june 1869 (Cordeaux, Birds of the Humber District). 


Mr. William Lister of Glaisdale mentions that one was shot 


at Egton Bridge near Whitby, by the keeper of Mr. Smith, in 
1876 or 1877. 


Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough informs me that an adult 
in his collection was trapped by Lord Londesborough’s keeper 
in the vicinity of Hackness, and that the keeper had another that 
was taken near Scarborough. 


Three specimens have been preserved by Mr. A. Roberts, of 
Scarborough ; these afterwards passed into the collections of Mr. 
A. Clapham, Mr. E. Tindall, and Mr. Young, gamekeeper. Mr. 
Roberts informs me that all these birds had been feeding on the 
large common dew-worms. ‘Two of these last mentioned birds 
are, no doubt, those recorded by Mr. Clapham. 


18 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


FALCO ASALON Gmelin. 


Merlin. 


A local resident. 


This dashing little falcon breeds sparingly on most of our 
high moorlands, depositing its eggs among the heather and 
showing a strong predilection for the vicinity of boulders, on which 
it loves to rest. On the oth of May 1877 a nest was found on the 
Ilkley Moors; the old male being first observed sitting on a stone 
post, which on approach he quitted, and flying low over the heather 
put the female off her nest. The nest, which contained four eggs, 
was merely aslight depression lined with and surrounded by burnt 
heather stems. Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough informs me that 
Mr. Hebden of that town was on Seamer Moor one spring, when 
he observed a Merlin leave a rabbit’s burrow, and on inserting 
his hooked walking stick pulled out a nest of small sticks with six 
eggs. Mr. H. Smurthwaite of Richmond mentions in Morris’s 
Naturalist (1854, p. 80) that he once heard of a nest being found 
in the centre of a field of young wheat—a most unusual occurrence. 


The Merlin breeds in the following localities :—On the high 
moors of the Pennine Range it is reported from the neighbourhood 
of Sheffield (for an interesting and lengthy account of its breeding 
in this district, from the pen of Mr. Henry Seebohm, consult 
‘Dresser’s Birds of Europe,’ part 38), Penistone, Hebden Bridge, 
Halifax and Haworth, and from the Fells of Langden, Wad- 
dington and Grindleton. In Craven and the district known as 
“The Dales,” it nests on the moorlands above Ilkley, Barden, 
Pateley Bridge, Leyburn, Ripon, Richmond and Barnard Castle. 
In the north-east it affects the Cleveland Hills and the moors 
above Whitby and Scarborough. Its numbers are materially 
reduced in these exposed localities by the use of that cruel 
instrument the pole-trap. 


It is more frequently observed in the autumn and winter 
months, when it is not so local, and instead of being confined 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series B 


MERLIN. 19 


to the moorlands descends from these elevated localities and 
visits the more enclosed country, and occasionally the close 
proximity of large towns. 


FALCO TINNUNCULUS L. 


Kestrel. 


A common and generally distributed resident. 


In Yorkshire, as in most other counties, the Kestrel is the 
most numerous and the best known species of the Falconide. 
It is generally distributed, being reported from every district in the 
county as occurring during some part of the year. As a breeder, 
it is found in all suitable localities, adapting itself to every variety 
of situation for the rearing of its progeny. In wooded districts it 
prefers the deserted nest of a Crow or Magpie ; among the fells, 
a rocky ledge; and on the coast the cliffs; while in the open 
pastoral country, ruins and hollow trees are occasionally resorted 
to. All seem to be acceptable, and its absence from them can 
be accounted for by persecution or the immediate vicinity of 
some manufacturing centre. There are certain portions of the 
densely populated districts of the West Riding in which this 
species is now only observed as a winter visitant, probably from 
elevated and more exposed localities, though formerly it bred there; 
and at Spurn Head it is annually noticed as an early autumn 
migrant. 


With regard to the Kestrel’s wintering in Yorkshire, Mr. J. 
E. Harting wrote as follows in the Field for 1872 :—“ The Kestrel, 
which to a certain extent is migratory, has been observed to be a 
resident in the neighbourhood of Barnsley throughout the year. 
This district may possibly be the northern limit of its winter 
haunts; and if this is so, in all probability the Kestrels seen at 
Barnsley in the winter are not the same birds which spent the 
summer there, but are new comers from the north, taking the 


20 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


place of the others which have moved further south.” As a 
resident throughout the year the Kestrel is by no means confined 
to South Yorkshire, as Mr. Harting suggests, but is generally dis- 
tributed over the county. Mr. Robert Lee of Thirsk and Mr. 
James Brigham of Slingsby assure me that in those parts of the 
North Riding, the Kestrel may be found at all seasons. Further 
south it occurs commonly around Leeds in the winter. In 
high and exposed districts, the Kestrel is compelled in hard 
winters to seek more sheltered quarters, but in milder seasons 
remains in its old haunts. The evidence given above only tends 
to prove that the Kestrel is not confined in winter in its distri- 
bution, and does not preclude the possibility of such an exchange 
of birds taking place as Mr. Harting suggests. 


Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough informs me that he has a 
dwarf specimen of this species shot on Strensall Common, and 
that about three years ago he saw a recently-killed male, in a 
York bird-stuffer’s shop, that was almost black. 


It is greatly to be lamented that sucha useful bird should be 
subject to the rule of wholesale extermination which is applied to 
all the Hawks, and I once had a conversation with a gamekeeper 
on this point, in which he quite admitted the harmless character of 
the bird, but added “‘it frightens the young pheasants by its 
hovering,”— a most grievous offence certainly. 


FALCO CENCHRIS Cuvier. 


Lesser Kestrel. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


The addition of a new bird to the British avifauna is 
always viewed by ornithologists with a certain amount of suspicion, 
and perhaps rightly so. In this instance, however, there is the 
presence of all that is necessary to place beyond the possibility 
of a doubt the occurrence of this species in Yorkshire, the bird 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series B 


LESSER KESTREL. 21 


having been shot by my friend Mr. John Harrison of Wilstrop 
Hall, near Green Hammerton, a gentleman well known for his 
abilities as an ornithologist. He has kindly given me the following 
particulars of the occurrence :— 

About the middle of November 1867, this bird was observed 
by him for some few days flying about his farm, and his curiosity 
having been aroused by its diminutive size he at last shot it. 
Still thinking it to be only a small and curious variety of the 
common Kestrel, he took it to Mr. D. Graham of York for 
preservation. Mr. Graham afterwards identified the bird and he 
persuaded Mr. Harrison to present it to the York museum, where 
I have seen it. Mr. W. S. Dallas, F.L.S., at that time curator of 
the museum, informed Mr. Harrison that the specimen was a 
mature, though apparently not an old male, presenting all the 
distinctive characters of Zinnunculus cenchris, among which the 
yellowish-white claws were mentioned. Mr. Harrison greatly 
regrets his inability to supply the exact date, owing to his omission 
to make a note of it at the time. The bird being undoubtedly a 
Lesser Kestrel, and thus the authenticity of the occurrence resting 
on Mr. Harrison’s word, the writer, who has had the pleasure of 
that gentleman’s acquaintance for some years, would state that it 
is quite beyond doubt. 

As this species is not included in any standard work on British 
birds, perhaps a few remarks on its habits and distribution on the 
continent, from Sharpe and Dresser’s ‘Birds of Europe,’ may not be 


considered out of place:— 

The Lesser Kestrel is spread generally over Southern Europe, 
migrating in winter into Africa. It is only a rare and occasional 
visitant in Northern Europe. In Spain it arrives in March and 
April, but a few remain in Andalucia all the winter. Lord 
Lilford, in his paper on the ornithology of Spain, says—“ The two 
species of Kestrel (Fo Tinnunculus and F. Tinnunculotdes 
[ Cenchris}) are, I think, in April and May the commonest birds in 
Andalucia, with perhaps the exception of the Bee-eater (AZerops 


apiaster). Every church-steeple, belfry and tower, every town 


22 CLARKE : THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


and village, évery ruin, swarms with them ; I believe I am not at 
all beyond the mark in saying that I have seen three or four 
hundred on the wing at the same moment on more than one 
occasion. I think the Lesser Kestrel is somewhat the most 
numerous species of the two.” It nests in holes in buildings 
(inhabited or otherwise), trees and rocks, and also in church- 
steeples ; is a late breeder, some difficulty being experienced in 
obtaining a complete clutch of eggs by the r6th of May. It also 
breeds in Styria, Sardinia, Greece, the southern part of Turkey, 
and the Crimea, where it was observed by Major Irby nesting in 
river banks. 

In France it has been seen in several parts of the country, 
and has occurred twice in Northern Germany; is accidental 
during the migration in Dalmatia, Italyand Sicily, and is rare and 
accidental in Savoy. In Heligoland it has been obtained by Mr. 
Gatke. 


It feeds on beetles, grasshoppers, and sometimes on small 
lizards, in the pursuit of which it hovers like the common 
species. 


‘““We would remark that the white claw is not always a good 
character whereby to distinguish this species ; for Dresser shot a 
fine male at Cilli in Styria, which had the claws “light blue,” as 
noted at the time of death. Still, most examples have white claws; 
and Dr. Tristram tells us that the Arabs distinguish between the 
two species by means of the claws.” 


ASTUR PALUMBARIUS (ies) 
Goshawk. 


A rare spring and autumn visitant. 


This fine Hawk, formerly one of the falconer’s first favourites, 
has occurred at intervals in the county, generally in the vicinity of 
the coast, when on the spring and autumn passage. There are, 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series B 


GOSHAWK. 23 


however, instances recorded of its being obtained in January and 
in June. 

In the year 1825 one killed at Cusworth near Doncaster 
by the gamekeeper of Mr. W. B. Wrightson, M.P., was mentioned 
by Mr. Thomas Allis in 1844. 

Near Easington in Holderness, a male and female were shot 
on the 15th of October 1852, by G. S. Gibbs, gamekeeper to Mr. 
H. Kirk of Stockton-on-Tees, as mentioned in Morris’s Naturalist 
(1853, p. 19) by Mr. D. Graham of York. 

At the meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club on the 2nd 
of March 1864, Mr. D. Graham of that city exhibited a fine 
specimen taken near Oswaldkirk by Mr. J. Bower. 


Mr. R. Lorrimer shot a fine specimen whilst in pursuit of its 
prey on Filey Brigg in the first week of October, 1864; the 
fact being communicated to the Sheffield Daily Telegraph (Oct. 
8th, 1864) by Colonel Newman, mention being also made of it 
in the Zoologist (1864, p. 9327). 

On ‘the 29th of August 1875, one was shot at Evecote near 
Whitby, a note of it being included in the Rural Notes commu- 
nicated to the Yorkshire Post (14th March 1876) by Mr. Geo. 
Roberts of Lofthouse. 

About the year 1877 a Goshawk was shot at Whitby by Mr. 
T. Crosby, for whom it was stuffed by Mr. Kitching of that town. 


Mr. Matthew Bailey of Flamborough has sent me _ the 
particulars of a specimen obtained near Flamborough; from this 
communication the following account is condensed :—The bird, 
a fine old female, had frequented the neighbourhood for some 
weeks, baffling all attempts made to shoot it until the 23rd of . 
January 1877, when it was observed by the gamekeeper of the 
Rev. Lloyd Greame of Sewerby Hall, to kill a full-grown rabbit, 
witich it had carried about twenty yards when he shot at but missed 
it. Concealing himself in an adjoining wood the keeper had not 
long to wait, as the bird soon returned and was shot. This bird, 
Mr. Bailey informs me, is now in the collection of Sir John Crewe, 
Bart. 


24. CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


In the collection of Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough are 
four Yorkshire specimens, and I am indebted to. that gentleman 
for the following information relating to them :—An adult femaie, 
brought to him in the flesh in the spring of 185-, which had 
been shot by Lady Downe’s keeper at Wykeham. A young male 
in singular “cuckoo” plumage, trapped on the Leckton Moors 
near Pickering in June 1864 (mistaken for an Iceland Falcon, 
Zoologist, 1864, p. 9244). A mature female, obtained through 
Mr. Graham of York, shot in Mowbraydale above Malton; Mr. 
Clapham has unfortunately misplaced the memorandum of the 
date. An adult female trapped on a rabbit warren near Harrogate 
on the 15th of April 1871. 


In addition to these Mr. Clapham has examined four or 
five others obtained in the neighbourhood of Scarborough, and 
remarks that with one or two exceptions these passed through 
the hands of Mr. A. Roberts, who has informed me that he has 
preserved, since the year 1864, no less than five birds of this 
species, obtained principally from Seamer and Wykeham: 


One instance is recorded of the Goshawk nesting in Yorkshire, 
but the authentication is so slender that no reliance can be placea 
on it. This appeared in the Zoologist (£863, p. 8678), the 
recorder being Mr. J. Ranson of Linton-on-Ouse near York, and 
was as follows :—‘ This spring the nest of this rare bird was found 
in some ivy which surrounds an old oak tree which is situate in 
the boundary hedge ofa plantation. I did not see the nest, but 
the three eggs were of a very pale blue. ‘They were unfortunately 
broken by one of the possessor’s children.” 


ACCIPITER NISUS (L.) 


Sparrowhawk. 


A common and generally distributed resident. 


Next to the Kestrel this species is the most abundant of the 
hawk tribe, being a generally distributed resident, breeding in almost 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series B 


SPARROWHAWE. 25 


every part of the county where there are suitable woodlands. 
It deposits its eggs in a nest of its own construction, contrary to 
the statements of some authorities, who aver that a deserted 
nest is usually selected; this is very rarely the case, and indeed 
when it happens is an exception toa very general rule. The nest 
made by this species may be described as a rather flat structure 
of dead twigs slightly hollowed, the upper edge having generally 
a little down from the body of the bird adhering to it. 

In the collection of Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough are 
many interesting varieties of the Sparrowhawk, thirty of which 
were obtained in Yorkshire. 

This species is becoming much scarcer, the result of the 
family grudge cherished by the gamekeeper, who allows the young 
to be hatched and then lying in wait secures both parents 
without trouble, leaving the young to perish miserably in the 
nest. 


MILVUS ICTINUS (Savigny). 
Kite. 


A rare casual visitant, 


There can be no doubt that this fine bird formerly bred in 
our county, but the necessarily old information on this point is 
difficult to procure, or at least I have not been fortunate enough 
to meet with more thanonerecord. ‘This is given by Mr. Thomas 
Allis who stated (1844) that about twenty years before, one was 
caught in a trap at Edlington Wood ; and that a pair were taken 
from the nest by Mr. Hugh Reid of that place ; none have been 
seen there since. It may be as well to remark that Mr. Reid 
was admittedly a first-rate and thoroughly reliable ornithologist. 


In the Gentleman’s Magazine (1747, p. 23), the Kite is 
mentioned as a native of the country about Hatfield Chase by Mr. 
George Stovin, under date of August 31st, 1727. 


26 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


The veteran naturalist, the late Mr. Charles Waterton of 
Walton, in Loudon’s Mag. Nat. Hist. (1835), remarked that ‘of 
all the large wild birds which formerly were so common in this 
part of Yorkshire, the Heron alone can now be seen. ‘The Kite, 
the Buzzard, and the Raven have been exterminated long ago by 
our merciless gamekeepers ..... Kites were frequent here in 
the days of my father; but I, myself, have never seen one near 
the places 

Dr. Farrar of Barnsley, in a MS. list of the birds of that 
district, dated 1844, mentioned specimens at Horsecar Wood in 
1833, and at Lunn Wood in 1844. The woods adjoin each other 
and are two miles from Barnsley on its eastern quarter. 


In a list of birds prepared for this work by Mr. Wm. Lister 
of Glaisdale, in Cleveland, for which I am indebted to Mr. Thomas 
Stephenson of Whitby, that gentleman states that he shot a Kite in 
Glaisdale in the year 1843 or 1844 and that one was also trapped 
by Mr. W. Bennison of Egton Bridge and stuffed by the late Mr. 
Ruddock. 

Mr. C. C. Oxley of Ripon informs me that a specimen in his 
collection was killed in Redcar in 1837. 

Mr. Allis stated (1844) that it was of very rare occurrence 
near Halifax, that Mr. Charles Waterton had observed it near 
Huddersfield, and that Mr. W. Eddison had seen one specimen, 
shot near Penistone. 

A female was shot near Market Weighton on the 5th of July 
1850, as recorded in the Zoologist (1850, p. 2952) by Mr. J. C. 
Garth. 

Mr. James Varley, of Almondbury near Huddersfield, informs 
me that he saw one on the wing near that place in the summer of 
1853. 

In the Zoologist (1859, p. 6561), Mr. A. Roberts of Scar- 
borough recorded one, a male in fine feather, shot near that town 
in the spring of 1859. 

About 1864 a Kite shot by Mr. R. Hill near Newholme was 
stuffed by Mr. Kitching of Whitby. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878, Series B 


KITE. 27 


The Kite has also been obtained or has occurred as follows, 
but unfortunately without any indication of date. 


Mr. P. Inchbald mentioned it as occurring rarely near Halifax 
(Huddersfield catalogue, 1859). 


Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough informs me that four specimens 
have passed through his hands for preservation, all obtained near 
Seamer ; one of these is now in the collection of Mr. A. Clapham, 
and another in that of Mr. John Young. ‘The last was obtained 
three or four years before 1870. 


One was preserved by Mr. R. Lee which had been shot near 
Thirkleby, about three miles from Thirsk. No date given but 
since 1867. 

The reports of the occurrence of this bird should be received 
with caution, as my experience is that in the mountainous portions 
of the county the Buzzard is usually known by the names of Kite 
or Glead, and this is also the case in North Wales, where the 
former synonym applies. 


NAUCLERUS FURCATUS (L.) 


Swallow-tailed Kite. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


Three specimens of this wanderer from the ‘Far West’ are 
reported to have visited our county. One of these, an undoub‘ed 
occurrence, has passed into history, and I cannot do better than 
quote the particulars of it from Professor Newton’s admirable 
edition of ‘ Yarrell’s British Birds’:— 


“Tn the extracts from the Minute Book of the Linnean Society 
printed at the end of the Fourteenth volume of its ‘Transactions’ 
(p. 583) under date “‘ Nov. 4, 1823” there is a notice of a commu- 
nication by Dr. Sims mentioning, on the authority of the late Mr. 
Fothergill of Carr End near Arkrigg [Askrigg] in Yorkshire, the 


28 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


occurrence of a Swallow-tailed Kite near Hawes in Wensleydale in 
that county. The Editor has been favoured by a son of the 
gentleman last named—Mr. William Fothergill of Darlington, with 
a complete corroboration of this story in the shape of the original 
note in the handwriting of his father. This note states that “on the 
6th of September 1805, during a tremendous thunder-storm a bird, 
of which acorrect description follows, was observed flying about in 
Shaw Gill, near Simonstone, and alighting upon a tree was knocked 
down by a stick thrown at it, which however did not prove fatal, 
as I saw it alive and had an opportunity of carefully examining it 
four days after it was taken.” A very accurate description of the 
specimen ..... ... follows, and the note proceeds thus—the 
latter portion having to all appearance been written subsequently:— 
‘“« The bird was kept to the 27th, and then made its escape, by the 
door of the room being left open while showing [it] to some 
company. At first it arose high in the air, but being violently 
attacked by a party of Rooks, it alighted in the tree in which it was 
first taken. When its keeper approached, it took a lofty flight 
towards the south, as far as the eye could follow, and has not since 
been heard of.—[Signed] W. FoTHERGILL. Sepr. 30th. 1805.” 
The Editor has further been kindly shewn by his obliging corres- 
pondent a letter addressed to his father the following year by his 
nephew, the late Mr. Charles Fothergill of York, an ardent 
Naturalist, who says, ‘‘ I have also proved, what I expected would 
be the case, that the /a/co taken at Hardraw Scarr was the 
Swallow-tailed Falcon or Falco furcatus of Linnzus.” Unaccount- 
able then asthe fact may be, it rests on the evidence of perfectly 
competent witnesses and there is accordingly no room for doubt 
in this case.” 

The second specimen isin the collection of Mr. A. Clapham 
of Scarborough, who informs me that he purchased it from Mr. 
Graham of York, to whom it had been sold by Mr. Jonathan Taylor, 
a schoolmaster at Harum near Helmsley. Mr. Clapham made 
careful enquiries before purchasing this bird and communicated 
with Mr. Taylor, the following being a copy of that person’s reply. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series B 


SWALLOW-TAILED KITE. 29 


“Harum, 13th May 1872. In referring to my old book of 
memoranda is the following:—May 25th 1859, Little George 
(the name by which this keeper was always known at Duncombe 
Park), brought me to-day a Swallow-tailed Kite, shot by himself 
in the Quarry Bank, near Helmsley, on the estate of the Earl of 
Feversham. [signed] JonatHaN Taytor.” Mr. Clapham had also 
other letters from Mr. Taylor bearing out his statements, and 
in one he greatly regrets having sold the bird to Mr. Graham for a 
few shillings, not knowing its value at that time. Confirmatory 
evidence bearing out this statement has reached me from a totally 
independent source. Mr. Thomas Stephenson of Whitby, who has 
kindly interested himself on my behalf in procuring information 
relating to north-eastern Yorkshire, tells me that Mr. Wm. Lister 
and his brother observed about this same year a Swallow-tailed 
Kite at Glaisdale. Mr. Lister is an ornithologist and has no 
hesitation as to the identification of the bird, which he thus 
describes: ‘“ black and white and the tail much more forked than 
_that of the common Kite,” which he knows well. 

The third example of this rare bird attributed to Yorkshire is 
in the fine collection of Mr. Alfred Beaumont of Huddersfield, 
and is supposed to have been shot in Bolton Woods some forty or 
fifty years ago. For many years it formed part of the collection 
of a Brighouse or Halifax gentleman, on whose death the collection 
came under the hammer, when the bird passed into the possession 
of its present owner ; the price paid for it being #11. This is all 
the information I have been able to obtain, but Mr. Beaumont 
assures me that he is perfectly satisfied as to its validity as a 
Yorkshire specimen ; a satisfaction in which the writer is unable to 
participate, from the extremely vague character of the evidence 
adduced. 


BUTEO VULGARIS Leach. 


Common Buzzard. 


A doubtful resident ; a casual autumn and winter visitant. 


This species, formerly one of the most abundant of the larger 


30 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


British birds, is now exceedingly rare, having gradually become 
scarcer since the gun came into general use. 


About thirty years ago it bred at Bishop’s Wood near Selby, 
three pairs frequenting the wood annually. This information 
was given to me by the late keeper, Mr. Wm. Harland, who used 
to procure the young birds when a boy. At about the same time 
it was abundant among the fells of Upper Wharfedale, where the 
young and eggs were by no means rare. It has nested near the 
summit of Great Whernside, from whence its eggs have been 
procured ; and in 1863 two young birds were obtained from a nest 
in the vicinity of Kilnsey in the same valley. 


Mr. H. Smurthwaite, writing in Morris’ Naturalist (1853, p. 
108) recorded its breeding near Sedbergh in the summer of 1852 ; 
and the same gentleman in the same journal mentions its nesting 
in Red Crag, Richmond, where five young were reared, a most 
unusual number, for, so far as my experience goes, two 1s the most 
frequent number of eggs, but I have known of three being found 
occasionally. 

I have little doubt that a pair or two even now nest in the 
unfrequented mountainous districts of north-west Yorkshire where 
they are still able to pass undetected and undisturbed. I have 
authentic evidence of its nesting here in 1878, when the eggs were 
taken and the old birds shot at, in the belief that they were 
Golden Eagles. I am not at liberty to mention the exact locality, 
it being the wish of my informant that it be withheld in the interest 
of the birds. Mr. James Varley observed a pair flying in circles 
over Gordale Scar on the 6th of May 1877; Mr. F. S. Mitchell 
of Clitheroe informs me that it is shot almost every year on the 
Fells near Slaidburn, although he has never heard of its breeding ; 
and Captain Wade Dalton, of Hawxwell Hall near Bedale, tells 
me that it occurs in the winter on the moors but is by no means 
common. No doubt at this season it descends from the higher 
and more exposed fells lying to the westward. 


Mr. Charles Waterton (Loudon’s Mag., Aug. 1835, vill. 453) 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878, Series B 


COMMON BUZZARD. 31 


regretted the absence of this bird from Walton Park, and said, “ In 
1813 I had my last sight of the Buzzard.” 


As a partial migrant the Buzzard is most frequently met with 
in the autumn, and although it has been observed in most parts of 
the county, especially near the coast, it is far from usual in its 
occurrence, more particularly during the last few years. Mr. W. 
W. Boulton of Beverley tells me that it is now more rare than its 
congeners the Rough-legged and the Honey Buzzards, and this 
really appears to be the case; for a similar remark is made by 
Mr. Joseph Lucas in his remarks on the Rough-legged species. 
Mr. Thomas Lister of Barnsley remarks on one shot near Barnsley 
in 1876, that it had not been observed in that district for forty 
years. 


Dr. Farrar mentioned one killed in Woolley Park in November 
1834; in 1840 Mr. H. Denny of Leeds cited it as rather rare at 
Halifax and North Deighton; Mr. Heppenstall of Sheffield in 
1843 recorded it as formerly common but then quite rare; Mr. 
Thomas Allis mentioned it asfrequent near Doncaster, Huddersfield 
and Sheffield ; a male was shot at Bilham near Doncaster, Sept. 
1846 (Mr. W. Talbot) ; I am informed by Captain E. H. Turton, 
that one was shot on Roxby Moor in Cleveland in the year 1847 ; 
and another at Cowesby near Thirsk; in 1856 Mr. H. Smurthwaite 
of Richmond reported it to be still not uncommon in some parts 
of Yorkshire ; one was killed at upper Helmsley in 1860; at 
Fryup in Cleveland one was shot in 1864; Mr. James Aspdin 
recorded an old male shot near Hawes in January 1865 ; and Mr. 
Joseph Lucas stated that “‘ Buzzards are occasionally seen on the 
Nidderdale Moors. At Christmas 1868, Mr. Yorke’s keepers 
trapped a Common Buzzard on Gouthwaite Moor.” Mr. R. 
Richardson of Beverley informs me of a female shot at Bishop 
Burton on the 3rd of December, 1868, and another female, 
shot at Kipling Cotes on the 17th September, 1869; on 
September the 18th, 1869, one was shot at Market Weighton ; one 
was seen on Moscar Moor on the 22nd of October, 1869; on the 
21st of February, 1870, a female was shot near Cocklington ; in 


32 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


1873 one was shot at Wass in the North Riding ; Mr. J. T. Calvert 
of Keighley informs me that one was shot at that place in 1875; one 
was shot at Thorpe Basset in 1875; another on the Moors near Pen- 
istone on the 23rd of October 1875; one was trapped on a Woodcock 
at Scarborough on the 2oth of March 1876; Mr. R. Richardson 
informs me that a female was trapped at Holme-on-Spalding- 
Moor on the 26th of February, 1876 ; one was trapped near York 
in January 1877, and in November one near Thirsk (Mr. R. Lee). 
Mr. A. Roberts informs me that he has had many shot in the 
neighbourhood of Scarborough, and Mr. Wm. Lister that it had 
been killed at Lyton on the Mulgrave estate. 


BUTEO LAGOPUS Gmelin. 
Rough-legged Buzzard. 


An uncommon autumn and winter visitant. 


This bird occurs almost annually in eastern Yorkshire as an 
autumn migrant, usually in the month of October, and varies very 
considerably in its numbers ; some years being very scarce or un- 
noticed, whilst in others great flights visit us, when the birds are 
observed in all parts of the county during the autumn and winter. 
The first flight of which mention is made, took place in the winter 
of 1839-40, and the last in that of 1876-77, both affording the most 
marked evidence of these irregular and inexplicable occurrences. 
I examined several specimens obtained during 1876-77, all of 
which were in immature plumage, and with one exception light 
tawny-colored birds with the upper parts mottled with lightish 
brown, whilst the breast, belly and thighs were striped longitudin- 
ally with the same tint; the irides were pale straw yellow. The 
exceptional bird was of generally uniform dark-brown’colour. On 
going through the numerous instances of occurrence in this county, 
I can only find mention made of one mature bird ; this was shot 
at Patrington in January 1877 and described as an old male. 
The occurrence of this species in mature plumage in the British 
Isles is of the greatest rarity. 


Trans, Y.N,U.1878. Series B 


ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD. 33 
se 
It is rather extraordinary, considering the numerous occasions 


on which it has occurred in this county, in Lincolnshire and in 
Norfolk, that Mr. Hancock in his catalogue of the birds of 
Northumberland and Durham has only three captures of this 
species to record for both counties. 

Unlikely as it may appear, it nevertheless seems to be an 
accepted fact that this species bred in former years at Hackness 
near Scarborough. ‘The following account, taken from Mr. A. G. 
More’s useful paper on the distribution of birds in Great Britain 
during the nesting season, which appeared in the Ibis for 1865, 
includes all the particulars obtainable relating to this most 
interesting occurrence :— 

“<A single pair bred for several years in succession at Ee Snes, 
where they appeared as summer visitors. 

“Mr, Alwin S. Bell of Scarborough has kindly furnished the 
following particulars:—Mr. John Smith, who was gamekeeper for 
twenty years on the estate of Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, remembers 
the Rough-legged Buzzard perfectly well. There was no mistake as 
to the species, as they were feathered right down to the toe ends. 
They used to breed, year after year, on the ground amongst the 
heather, in the moor-dells near Ash Hay Gill, Whisperdale, about 
three miles from Hackness. One pair only bred every year 
during most of the time that Mr. Smith was keeper, twenty-four 
years ago. They were not seen except in the breeding season. 
Mr. Smith has himself shot them from the nest, and remembers 
that ce sometimes had young. 

“Mr. Williamson, the curator of the museum at Scarborough, 
confirms this statement, and remembers a male Rough-legged 
Buzzard being trapped by the keeper and brought alive to 
Scarborough. This bird escaped, but soon afterwards its mate was 
shot; and in the following spring the same male returned, with 
another partner, when both were taken, and on the male was 
found distinctly the marks inflicted by the trap.” 

Wishing to ascertain whether the bird had been known to 
breed in this locality since the time spoken of by Mr. Williamson, 
I communicated with his successor in the curatorship of the 


B 3 


34 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 
a 
museum, Mr. Alfred Roberts, to whom I have been much 


indebted for information during the progress of this’ work, and 
who replied to my inquiries that the birds had not been known 
to breed since the date of Mr. Williamson’s record. 

During the autumn, winter and spring this species has 
occurred at one time or another in all parts of the county, being 
especially numerous in the vicinity of the coast. The recorded 
and communicated instances of its occurrence are so very 
numerous and the bird being regarded as an annual visitant 
an enumeration of the localities is quite unnecessary. 


PERNIS APIVORUS (L.) 


Honey Buzzard. 


An uncommon spring and autumn migrant. 

Mr. Hancock in his catalogue of birds of Northumberland 
and Durham considers this to be one of the commonest larger 
birds of prey, whilst Mr. Cordeaux in his Birds of the Humber 
District says he has not met with a Lincolnshire-killed specimen. 
In Yorkshire it has been frequently recorded in the eastern portion 
of the county in the spring and autumn, when on its migratory 
course. 

it has; no) doubt bred) ain) the: county, fon Dra baniar 
informed Mr. Allis that a pair fixed their quarters in 
Wharncliffe Wood in 1833, one of them being shot; and Mr. 
W. W. Boulton of Beverley, in a letter to me, speaking of two 
young birds that formerly constituted part of his fine collection, 
says, ‘‘ I am morally certain they were bred there. The extremely 
immature plumage of the young birds—besides the fact that 
others were seen by the keeper who sent me mine—attest the 
truth of my supposition. From what the keeper told me, I have 
not the slightest doubt the birds were bred amid the wooded 
margins of the Hornsea mere.” 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880). Series B 


HONEY BUZZARD. 35 


The late Mr. H. Denny mentioned one as having been ob- 
tained at Harewood, near Leeds, in 1828, which passed into the 
collection of Dr. Leach. 

Mr. Heppenstall, writing in 1843, stated that six specimens 
had occurred near Sheffield. 

In 1844 Mr. Allis mentioned it as having occurred two or 
three times in the East Riding, and as rare in the West Riding, 
except near Doncaster, where it was met with not unfrequently. 

The curious capture of one at Bridlington in 1849 was com- 
municated to the Zoologist (1849, p. 2649) by Dr. C. R. Bree. 
It was flapping against a window at twelve o’clock at night, and 
making such a noise that the person got up, opened the window, 
and captured it. 

One in the collection of Captain E. Turton was obtained at 
Roxby, in the North Riding, in the year 18409. 

In Morris’s Naturalist (1852, p. 185) one is recorded 
from the neighborhood of Bridlington in May 1850, which was 
purchased by Mr. T. Allis. 

According to Morris’s British Birds (1851) it has occurred 
in the neighbourhood of Doncaster; and one shot near York is 
preserved in the British Museum. 

Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough records (Zoologist, 1855, p. 
4761) the occurrence of a fine female at Flamborough on the 2nd 
of June, 1855, the stomach of which was found to be full of 
worms and slugs. 

One occurred near Ackworth in the autumn of 1856, as 
mentioned in Morris’s Naturalist (1857, p. 198) by Mr. C. E. 
Smith. 

In September 1858, one was shot by a gamekeeper in 
Chevet Park near Wakefield, while in the act of devouring a 
wasp’s nest. 

Mr. W. W. Boulton of Beverley, in the Zoologist (1865, 
pp. 9417 and 18) records the addition to his collection of a pair. 
of immature males shot in the neighbourhood of that town on the 
22nd and 26th of September, 1864. 

On the 5th of October, 1866, a fine old male was shot at 


36 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


Wawne near Beyerley and forwarded to Mr. W. W. Boulton, who 
recorded it in the Zoologist (1867, p. 545). 

Mr. F. G. S. Rawson of Halifax informs me that one was 
obtained on Blackston Edge Moor, on the 8th of October, 1866. 

One occurred at Yarm in May, 1868, as communicated to 
the Zoologist (1868, p. 1374) by Mr. Wm. Lister, junr., with 
the remark that it had occurred there before. 

I am informed by Mr. R. Richardson of Beverley that one 
was obtained at Newbiggin on the 27th of August, 1868. 

Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough informs me that a dark 
variety was shot at Seamer, in the spring of 1869, and that a dove- 
colored specimen had been obtained on the South Sands, 
Scarborough. 

Mr. Thomas Stephenson of Whitby informs me that Mr. 
Kitching of that town had some time ago a fine living specimen 
of the Honey Buzzard in his possession, which had been caught 
at sea about four miles off Whitby, whilst in pursuit of a pigeon 
which took refuge on board a fishing coble. The Buzzard 
hovered round the coble and was eventually knocked down into 
the water and captured. 

One is recorded in the Naturalist (1875, p. 24) as having 
been shot at Storthes Hall near Huddersfield, 28th May, 1874. 
Its crop contained a young bird and egg shells of the Missel 
Thrush. 

According to Mr. G. Edson one occurred at Sledmere in 
September 1874. 

Mr. Matthew Bailey of Flamborough informs me that ‘a 
real old male’ was shot by James Marr, head gamekeeper to Mrs. 
Cottrell Dormer, of Dykes House, Flamborough, on Whit- 
Monday, 1875. 

Mr. T. Lister of Barnsley informs me that one was obtained 
on Langsett Moor in the autumn of the same year. 

One in the collection of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society 
- was obtained at Kilburn in the year 1877. 

Two specimens occurred at lLondesborough in the 
autumn of the year 1879. <A beautifully marked specimen 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880). Series B 


MARSH HARRIER. 37 


trapped by Mr. Young on the 15th of September, weighed 
3 lbs. and 2 ozs. The other was procured soon after, but 
unfortunately no note was made of the date. For this infor- 
mation I am indebted to Mr. John Harrison of Wilstrop Hall and 
Mr. Joseph Ripley of York. 


CIRCUS ARUGINOSUS (L.) 


Marsh Harrier. 


A rare casual visitor. 


Formerly this bird bred on the ‘wastes’ around Doncaster and 
in the East Riding, but—compelled to retreat before the steady 
march of agriculture and the misplaced zeal of the game- 
preserver—it has long since ceased to do so, and can now only be 
regarded as an extremely rare visitor to the county. 

Under the old name of ‘Moor Buzzard’ the following 
mention is made of this species in Miller’s History of Doncaster, 
published in 1804. ‘This bird is very common in our morasses, 
moors, &c., and is one of the most voracious of its tribe. It isa 
well attested fact that nine, nearly full grown, moor game (Ze¢rix 
and Rubra) were taken out of a nest one day and eight the next 
morning.” 

Mr. Arthur Strickland, who resided at Bridlington Quay, 
informed Mr. Allis in 1844 that the total destruction of all the 
large beds of whins in his neighbourhood had nearly banished this 
bird, which occasionally bred there formerly; stating that he had 
never found young birds from that locality without the yellow 
caul. 

Mr. Alfred Roberts of Scarborough informs me that he had 
three eggs of the Marsh Harrier brought to him many years ago 
that had been taken by a person named Elliot on May Moss, a 
swampy place on the moors between Scarborough and Whitby; 


38 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


the nest being composed of heather, grass and rushes. 

In 1808 the species is cited by Graves as inhabiting 
Cleveland; Mr. Leyland in 1828 mentions it in his list of Halifax 
birds; Mr. Allis in 1844 gives it as sometimes visiting the moors 
near Sheffield, rarely near Hebden Bridge, and not uncommon 
near Doncaster, Mr. H. Reid informing him that 14 years before 
that date seven or eight were obtained in a season from Hatfield 
Moor and Car Side. 

In October 1849 one was shot at Wassand near Hornsea, 
by the keeper, in the presence of Sir Wm. Milner, Bart.; recorded 
by Dr. B. R. Morris in the Zoologist (1850, p. 2649). 

A fine female is said by Mr. Wm. Talbot, in his list of 
Wakefield birds, to have been found in a rabbit trap at Cudworth 
near Barnsley in April 1869; this he saw in the flesh. 

On the 13th of October, 1871, a young male was shot near 
Beverley, and recorded in the Zoologist (1871, p. 2847) by Mr. 
W. W. Boulton, with the remark that it was “quite a rare and 
unlooked for occurrence.” 

Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough informs me that he possesses 
an almost black specimen, shot at Wassand in February or March, 
1872, and that he saw another from the same place, a splendid 
bird, black with a rufous head. 

In September 1877 one was shot near Pocklington 
(Naturalist, 1878, p. 172). 


CIRCUS CYANEUS (L.) 


Hen Harrier. 


A casual visitant. 


This species is now only a very occasional visitor to our 
extensive moors and unenclosed lands; although we can hardly 
doubt that the Hen Harrier formerly bred annually on the 
extensive and wide spreading tracts of suitable country to be 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880) Series B 


HEN HARRIER. 30 


found in the North and West Ridings, yet it is to be regretted 
that the ornithological records of our county relating to that 
period are exceedingly meagre and scarce, the following being 
all the information I have been able to obtain on the nidification 
of the species. 

As to its formerly nesting near Scarborough Mr. P. Hawk- 
ridge of that place, writing in Neville Wood’s Naturalist (1838, 
p. 106) under date of August 7, 1837, says: “Specimens are 
repeatedly shot on the moors near Scarborough. ‘They also breed 
there.” In 1844, as Mr. Thomas Allis was informed by Messrs. 
J. & W. Tuke, it still bred on Hambleton and in the neighborhood 
of Pickering. Mr. Wm. H. Raw of Lealholm in Cleveland, in 
speaking of a pair in his possession, says: ‘They were shot about 
30 years since [about 1850] by my father, Robert Raw, near Danby 
Beacon, where they had a nest. I have heard my father say that 
at that time scarcely a year passed without a breed of these 
Harriers somewhere on the Danby Moors; but of late years they 
have been -very scarce and rarely seen.” Mr. R. Standen of 
Goosnargh near Preston informs me that a nest supposed to have 
been of this species was found in Langden Fell, on the borders 
of Lancashire, by a shepherd lad; it contained three bluish-white 
eggs. The lad described both the nest and the bird pretty plainly. 

Writing in 1828 Mr. Leyland mentioned it as rare in the 
Halifax district; and in 1840 Mr. H. Denny of Leeds described 
it as rare and mentioned Halifax, Thorp Arch and Selby as 
localities in which it had cecurred. 

In 1844 Mr. Allis reported it as not uncommon on the low 
grounds and carrs near Doncaster, but seldom met with in the 
East Riding, rare near Sheffield, and seen not unfrequently near 
Huddersfield. 

Mr. W. M. Morris mentioned in the Naturalist (1853, p. 60) 
one killed near Stockton-on-Tees on the rrth of October, 1852. 

Mr. T. Lister of Barnsley informs me that one was shot in 
December 1875 on the moors beyond Penistone. 

On the 30th of November 1876 Mr. James Varley of 
Huddersfield saw a female at Hebden Bridge. 


40 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


An immature specimen was obtained near Filey early in 
February 1877, its capture being communicated to the Zoologist 
(1877, p. 179) by the Rev. J. G. Tuck. 

Mr. James Backhouse of York mentions (Friends’ Nat. Hist. 
Journal, 1877, p. 56) that he saw one near that city about 
March 12th, and another at Askham Bog on the 19th of the 
same month, 1877. 

Mr. R. Standen informs me that one was seen near the 
Sykes, Bowland, in May 1877. 

A young male in rich immature plumage, now in my 
possession, was shot on the warren at Kilnsea in Holderness on 
the 16th of October of the year 1879, and was forwarded to me 
on the following day. 

In addition to the above, Mr. R. Lee of Thirsk informs me 
that it has been shot at Knapton; and Mr. A. Roberts of 
Scarborough says it sometimes occurs on the moors near that 
town. ‘Three pairs have come under the notice of Mr. G. Page 
of Guisborough during the past 15 years, all obtained within ten 
miles of that town. One in the possession of Mr. Wm. Lister 
was shot on Egton Moor by Mr. Bennison. 


CIRCUS CINERACEUS (Montagu). 


Montagu’s Harrier. 


A casual visitant. 

This species appears formerly to have been more widely dis- 
tributed in this county than either of its congeners, the Marsh 
and the Hen Harriers, and it also was the last of the genus to 
depart from its former haunts. Even yet it may occasionally 
breed on some of the less frequented moors, as, indeed, we have 
information of its doing, so recently as 1871. The species can 
now, however, only be regarded as a casual visitor to the county, 
occurring most probably in the autumn, at which season it is ob- 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880). Series B 


MONTAGU’S HARRIER. 41 


served in limited numbers as an annual migrant in the eastern 
counties. . 

Mr. Thomas Allis informed the British Association in 1844 
that Mr. Arthur Strickland of Bridlington had procured this 
species in all stages of plumage from the nest, though it was 
seldom then met with; and that Mr. John Heppenstall had a 
male from Thorne Moor, where it bred, placing its nest among 
the long heath which grew to a considerable height on the borders 
of the moist places. It is also fair to presume that it formerly 
bred in the carrs near Doncaster, where Mr. Allis mentioned that 
two pairs had been shot in 1835. 

Mr. John Braim records in Morris’s Naturalist (1855, p. 
214) that in July 1854, a male was shot on the moors near 
Whitby, the female being seen, and three eggs taken from the 
nest. 

Mr. A. Clapham of Scarborough tells me that some years 
ago—unfortunately he cannot give the year—Mr. Lloyd’s keeper 
brought to him in June a pair of these Harriers in the flesh, 
along with their two young birds in down, and some addled eggs, 
obtained at Crosscliffe, Hackness, near Scarborough. The plu- 
mage of both the old birds was peculiar, being of a “dull slaty 
mixed color.” The two sexes were very similar in plumage and 
size; the female being so diminutive that were it not for the fact 
that she was procured at the same time as her mate and the 
young, she might have been mistaken for a male bird. 

I am indebted to Mr. E. P. P. Butterfield of Wilsden for in- 
formation relating to a pair of Montagu’s Harriers and their 
young, now in the possession of Mr. Dalton, which were obtained 
from a nest on Barden Moor, in Wharfedale, on the rath of July, 
1860. The nest was placed somewhere on the site now occupied 
by the reservoir of the Bradford Corporation. 

Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., informs me, on the authority of Mr. 
Jones of Bridlington Quay, that a pair and their nestling young 
were captured near Bridlington in the year 1871. 

As a casual visitant and autumn migrant, I have been able 
to obtain very little information of its occurrence, the following 


42 MONTAGU’S HARRIER. 


being all that has been placed on record or communicated 
tORMe:— 

Mr. Allis (1844) reported, on the authority of Mr. Hugh 
Reid of Doncaster, that one in the possession of the Rev. R. 
Lucas, of Edith Weston, was shot ten years before ; also that Mr. 
H. Chapman of York had had the bird, but it was of rare 
occurrence. 

Mr. John Grey recorded in the Zoologist (1845, p. 1054) 
a pair shot near Guisborough in 1845, which passed into the col- 
lection of Mr. C. Newby of Stockton-on-Tees. 


~ An adult male in the collection of Mr. A. Clapham of Scar- 
borough was killed in a quarry near Garforth at Christmas, 1846 ; 
and that gentleman also informs me that he has had sent him 
several specimens by the gamekeeper at Skipwith Manor, near 
York. 

One shot at Escrick, about the 15th of October, 1849, was 
recorded in the Zoologist (1850, p. 2649) by Dr. Morris. 

A fine old male was shot near Brompton, Northallerton, in 
the year 1856 (D. Graham, Zoologist, 1856, p. 5251). 

On the tgth of june, 1867, an adult female was shot on 
Kilnsea Warren, by John Clubley, and preserved by Mr. Richard- 
son of Beverley. . 

About the same year, one shot at Littlebeck was stuffed by 
Mr. Kitching of Whitby. 

One in the possession of Mr. George Brook, ter., was shot in 
Rash Gill, near the head of Swaledale, in the spring of 1870. 

Mr. Jno. Cordeaux mentions in his Birds of the Humber 
District that ‘Two immature females in Mr. Boulton’s collection 
were shot of late years in Holderness.” 

On the r4th of May, 1875, one was shot at Acaster Malbis 
near York, and recorded in the Naturalist (1875, p. 80). 


Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough preserved a fine male shot 
on Seamer Moor in April of the present year (1880). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1380), Series B 


CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 4 
ACCIPITRES. STRIGIDZ. 
STRIX ALUCO E. 
Tawny Owl. 


A generally distributed resident. 


This bird, perhaps the most abundant of the Yorkshire 
Strigidee, is to be found in those portions of the county where 
there are woods, or small though dense fir plantations. It is 
included as a resident in most of the reports sent to me from 
various parts of the county, and whilst it seems to be especially 
abundant in the Cleveland district and the neighborhood of 
Slingsby, it is mentioned as being only of occasional occurrence 
in the Halifax and Keighley districts and is rare around Sheffield 
and Huddersfield. Most of the reports mention it as gradually 
diminishing in numbers, and express regret that so truly useful a 
species should be subject to persecution. 


This owl nests in a variety of situations; the deserted nest of 
a crow or magpie being perhaps the most generally selected, 
whilst hollow trees and ivy are not uncommonly resorted to. 
Mention is made of a hole in a quarry being used near Scar- 
borough, in which was found one young bird, one egg and two 
dead rabbits. I have myself found the eggs of this species laid 
in a depression in the hay in a barn. Mr. James Carter of 
Masham informs me that he found on the 17th of March, 1877, 
five eggs in a nest, a most unusual number. Writing in the 
Zoologist (1851, p. 159), Mr. S. Hannaford, junr., of Kiveton 
Park, relates that a pair of these birds kept their young well 
supplied with young rabbits, which they hung, one at a time, ona 
branch of a tree near the nest, so as to be within the reach of 
- their young. 

A curious anecdote of a Tawny Owl laying its first egg after 
being nearly twenty years in captivity is related in the Zoologist 
(1855, p. 4761) by Mr. Henry Spurr of Scarborough. 


44 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE, 


NYCTALA TENGMALMI (7. F. Gmelin). 


Tengmalm’s Owl. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


In his edition of Yarrell’s Birds, Professor Newton enumerates 
fourteen instances of the visits of this little owl to England, two 
being to Yorkshire (Hunmanby and Flamborough); to these Iam 
able to add a third occurrence, whichhas been hitherto unreported. 


About the year 1847 an owl of this species was shot in the 
woods at Hunmanby, by Admiral Mitford’s keeper, its occurrence 
remaining unknown until 1849, when it came under the notice 
of the late David Graham of York. ‘The fact was afterwards re- 
corded in the Zoologist (1849, p. 2649) by Dr. Morris. 


Mr. W. W. Boulton, of Beverley, and Mr. M. Bailey, of 
Flamborough, have kindly given me the information relating to 
the second Yorkshire occurrence, of which the following is a 
résumé :—On the rst of October, 1863, after a severe gale from 
the N.E., a splendid specimen, in exquisite plumage, and sup- 
posed from its size to be a mature female, was captured at Flam- 
borough in the day time bya man who ran it down in a field, the 
bird being dazzled by the light and rendered almost helpless. It 
was taken to Mr. Bailey for preservation, and now forms part of 
the collection of Mr. John Stephenson, of Beverley. 


The third example of this interesting little owl is now in the 
possession of Mr. William Lister of Glaisdale. It was shot at 
Egton, near Whitby, in the year 1872, by a son of Mr. W. Ben- 
nison, gamekeeper. Like the other specimens, this also occurred 
in the immediate vicinity of the coast, and I believe has so far 
been unrecorded. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880). Series B 


CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 45 


NYCTALA ACADICA (Gmelin). 
Acadian Owl. 


An accidental visitant. 


The only information obtainable relating to the supposed 
occurrence of this common North American species in Europe * 
is contained in the subjoined communication to the Zoologist 
(1860, p. 7104) from Sir Wm. M. E. Milner. It should be clearly 
understood that the mere fact of my including this and other 
species in my work is not in any way intended to claim for them 
a place on the British list; the information relating to such 
occurrences being simply given for what it may be worth. 


Sir Wm. Milner’s words are:—“‘I do not recollect ever 
mentioning to you for insertion in the Zoologist an account of 
my having received from a young clergyman, a son of Mr. Bury, 
who has the church at Osberton (my brother-in-law Mr. Fol- 
jambe’s place) who, knowing I had a very fine collection of British 
birds, sent me a small owl in a very curious case, which was shot 
in the East Riding of Yorkshire, not far from Beverley, by a 
keeper, a brother of Sir Thomas Whichcote’s keeper, of Aswarbey, 
Lincolnshire. He sent this bird to his brother, who gave it 
to Mr. Bury, from whom I received it. I found out afterwards 
from looking at Audubon’s Birds of America, that it was the 
Sparrow Owl (S¢v7x acadica), which is rather common in some 
parts of America, but totally unknown in this country.” 


* Mr. H. E. Dresser, who tells me that this Beverley occurrence is the 
only occasion on which the present species has been taken in Europe, does 
not feel justified in admitting it into his work on the Birds of Europe. 


46 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


ASIO OTUS (LZ). 


Long-eared Owl. 


A local resident. 


Though not quite so numerous as the Tawny Owl, this species 
is to be found in suitable localities, in varying numbers, but is 
local, inasmuch as it occurs only in wooded districts. As an im- 
migrant, it is observed annually on the coast in the vicinity of 
Spurn, but in very limited numbers, and arrives there later in the 
season than its congener, the Short-eared species, usually in the 
latter days of November or in December. Mr. Cordeaux informs 
me that it is annually observed migrating across Heligoland. 

Mr. A. Roberts of Scarborough related to me the following 
curious incident in the nidification of this bird :—‘‘Some years 
ago, a friend of mine observed a Long-eared Owl leave an old 
crows nest and on climbing the tree found the nest empty. 
Three days afterwards he again saw the owl leave the identical 
nest ; he again ascended, and found three eggs just at hatching. 
The only way in which this can be accounted for is that, dis- 
turbed in other quarters, the owls must have conveyed their eggs 
to this nest. Out of curiosity the next time I had one of these 
birds in the flesh for preservation I found that the mouth was 
quite capable of containing its egg.” 


ASIO ACCIPITRINUS (Pallas). 
Short-eared Owl. 


A regular autumn and winter visitant. An occasional resident. 


The Short-eared Ow] is an annual immigrant from the north, 
arriving on our coast line from the first week in October to the 
middle of November in considerably varying numbers. ‘These 


Trans. Y.N.U , 1878 (pub. 1880). Series B 


SHORT-EARED OWL. A’7 


immigrants after a short rest proceed inland, distributing them- 
selves generally over the county, where specimens are to be 
observed during the winter months. 


My friend Mr. Cordeaux contributed a most interesting 
article to the Zoologist (1877, p. 9) on the exceptionally large 
flight which visited these shores during the autumn of 1876, 
which whilst giving an accurate account of the habits of this 
species immediately after their arrival, also records some valuable 
observations on their habits during migration; and I cannot do 
better than quote his excellent remarks :— 


“These birds arrived on the night of the 23rd of October, at 
least I first found them on the morning of the 24th crouched 
amid patches of rough sea-grass on the embankment, as well as 
further inland on drain sides and amidst rough grass in pastures. 
In the latter places they are comparatively safe. Unfortunately 
those alighting on the coast are almost invariably potted by the 
first loafer who at break of day, with rusty fowling-piece and 
villanous cur at heel, strolls along the sea embankment, for 
the poor soft-winged slow-flying owl offers an easy mark, and will 
sit till almost trodden upon. ‘This autumn unprecedented num- 
bers came, and I have heard of them in many localities on this 
coast. It is astonishing any are left to migrate, considering the 
number, year after year, wantonly and cruelly destroyed on their 
first arrival, as well as many which figure afterwards amongst the 
“sundries” of the autumn and winter shootings. Mr. Lewis, the 
Principal of the Spurn Lighthouse, says he has never known 
them strike the glass like other birds, but during the period of 
migration they will fly round and round the lantern, apparently 
not incommoded by the blaze of light, and take off small birds 
that are fluttering and beating themselves to death against the 
glass. hey arrived off Flamborough in flocks of from ten to 
twenty. The Principal has never known them strike the glass, but 
has twice observed them perched on the gallery rail on the outside 
of the lantern. North of Flamborough they appear to have been 
equally numerous alongthecoast, On a rock close to the Hartle- 


48 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


pool Lighthouse a fisherman early one morning in October saw 
eleven or more sitting together. In a letter lately received from 
Heligoland, Mr. Gatke says:—‘ The Short-eared Owls pick off the 
poor birds when they are dazzled by the glare of the lighthouse, 
but not those fluttering against the glass; but thrushes on the 
wing—constantly one hears their dying cries when clutched by 
the nude talons of an owl that had just flitted like a phantom, 
noiselessly past the light.’ ” 


In the autumn of 1879 these birds arrived at Spurn at 
intervals during the last week in October, being most numerous 
on the morning of the 30th and all had departed by the next day. 
During the January of 1880, when many migratory species were 
most erratic in their movements, a fresh immigration occurred at 
Spurn on the 3oth. 


As a resident, this species is either overlooked, or rare. 
From the extensive moors of North-west Yorkshire, which offer 
every attraction as breeding haunts, it is not reported to have 
nested, but I have little doubt that it has and does frequent them. 
Mr. Thomas Bunker of Goole tells me that he is quite confident 
that a pair bred on the moors near that town in 1879, for they 
were observed there during the summer, and some men employed 
in draining told him that on one occasion they must have been in 
close proximity to the nest, for the old birds swooped at them. 
Other localities in which it is said to have bred in the West 
Riding, are on the Otley Moors and Thorne Waste. 


In the North Riding it is mentioned in Mr. A. G. More’s 
valuable paper on the distribution of birds during the breeding 
season, (Ibis, 1865) as frequenting the moors near Scarborough, 
on the authority of Mr. A. S. Bell, and I am indebted to Mr. 
More for a copy of Mr. Bell’s letter to him dated November 
18th, 1862, in which he says:—“ Another nest taken this year 
in the heath on the moors near Scarborough. The eggs were 
laid in a hole scratched in the ground, four in number. In the 
former case the eggs were in a hole in a bank side immediately 
under the root of a tree.” 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878 (pub. 1880), Series B 


ROEBUCK : YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878. 65 


that when going through a colliery in South Yorkshire in Sept. 
1877, one of the colliers informed him that they often killed 
“mosquitoes,” which seemed to possess strange qualities. Upon 
investigation it appeared to him that the ‘ mosquitoes” were a 
species of Szvex, probably escaped from the mine props. 

It was from a colliery near Barnsley that Mr. S. Jefferson, 
F.C.S., of Leeds, received this year (1878) several specimens, one 
of which he kindly gave me. 

These specimens (and also one which was taken alive in 
Leeds in 1877 and given to me by Mr. Henry Crowther) although 
usually referred to .S. yuvencus, seem to agree tolerably well with 
Thomson’s description of his S. me/anocerus. But in view of the 
great variability of the insects of this genus, it remains for further 
investigation to show whether they really appertain to the new 
species, or are merely aberrant specimens of the old one; or even 
to show whether \S. me/anocerus itself be truly distinct from its 
congener. 

Sirex gigas Z. A specimen has been this year taken by 
Mr. John Grassham in ajoiner’s shop in Leeds, which is unusually 
fine—in fact the largest I have yet seen. 


In the Entom. for April 1879, xu. 111, Mr. Thos. Wilson 
records the occurrence of two specimens in 1878 at Holgate, 
York. 


Family CYNIPIDA— Gallfies. 


Again am I- indebted to Messrs. Bairstow and Snellen van 
Vollenhoven for the only additions made in this group. Both 
are from the Huddersfield district, and their names are— 


Synergus pailidicornis //a/7 (One specimen). 
S. facialis Hart. (Three). 


66 ROEBUCK : YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878. 


Familiese ICHNEUMONIDA AND BRACONIDZ.. 

See Mr. Bairstow’s special report, pp. 68-70. 

The following species are additional to my previous list :— . 

ICHNEUMONIDA. 

ichneumon molitorius Z. . Recorded as “Found also in 
Yorkshire” by J. F. Stephens: Mlustrations, vil. 159 (published 
Sep. 30, 1835). 

Mesoieius rufus (Gr.)= Zryphon rufulus, Steph. Stephens 
(Illustr., vil. 244, published Nov. 30, 1835) records this species 
as “Very rare: taken in June in the New Forest, and at Sheffield.” 

Rhyssa persuasoria (Z.) Recorded as “Taken at * 
* *; and York: but rare,” by J. F. Stephens in his Illustrations, 
Supplement, p. 2 (published Aug. 1846). 


CHAL CLDLDAE. 
To the solitary species recorded last year we have a second 
to add. 
Torymus incertus 4o7st. 2 Huddersfield, (Bairstow). 


Family CHR VSIDID. 
Chrysis ignita Z. This abundant species is only men- 
tioned to add another locality to its range. Eldwick Glen, near 
Bradford, J. W. Carter! 


Tribe KOSSORES. 
One addition has been made during the year. 
Crabro clavipes Z. Huddersfield, (Bairstow). 


Tribe DIPLOPTERA— Wasps. 
Wasps seem to have been very scarce in 1878: I have only 
seen two Yorkshire specimens—one of Vespa vulgaris in Leeds! 
and one of Vespa rufa from Huddersfield, Bairstow ! 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1878. Series D 


ROEBUCK : YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1878. 67 


Tribe ANTHOPHILA—Bees. 


So far as my own observations are concerned, the season of 
1878 has been a very bad one for bees, even the social ones being 
greatly diminished in numbers, while the solitary bees were 
almost non-existent. J am however informed by Mr. Talbot that 
in the early spring a good harvest fell to him and Mr. Wilcock at 
Woolley Edge. : 


The names of the following species are mentioned solely for 
the sake of providing materials for ascertaining the precise 
geographical range of even the common species. 


Andrena fulva (Schrank). Eldwick Glen, near Bradford, 
common, J. W. Carter ! 


Halictus albipes (#ad.) Huddersfield, ¢, (Bairstow). 


Bombus lucorum. Addingham! Wetherby! Bishop 
Wood! &c. 


B. lapidarius. Collingham! Bishop Wood! 


In concluding this report I ought to justify the practice of 
recording precise localities for abundant species. It however 
seems to me that we are not justified in assuming that any species 
ranges over a given area of country till we have recorded with 
precision that it actually does occur at a great number of places 
scattered over the whole of that area—or in other words that we 
ought not to make generalizations without a sufficient basis of 
facts. Hence it follows that a so-called abundant species must 
be actually recorded for a large number of Yorkshire localities 
before we can justly say that it ranges over the county. I shall 
therefore be glad to have the assistance of the members in tracing 
the actual distribution in our county of all our species of 
; Hymenoptera. © 


68 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


YORKSHIRE ICHNEUMONIDA AND 
BRACONIDA FOR 1878. 
By S. D. BAIRSTOW, HUDDERSFIELD. 


In reviewing the Report of this group I think we may venture 
to congratulate ourselves. somewhat on the season’s work, without 
losing sight of the fact that 50 or 6o species out of a sum total of 
1186 is no flattering percentage on the whole, even though 
our primum mobile and inclusive of the timely assistance of the 
Rev. T. A. Marshall’s ‘Yorkshire List’ (vide Roebuck’s Report for 
£877). 

The insect world has been suffering from a reaction—the 
effect of that exceptionally inclement weather it experienced in 
1877, and Ichneumons along with other orders must have had 
their ranks depopulated by the disastrous rains and consequences 
of that year. Under such unpropitious circumstances the list 
ensuing will stand as an earnest at all events of future efforts, and 
serve as an impulse to the ball, which [ sincerely hope is ‘‘on the 
move.” 

In another place I have referred. to the ACYUAL NECESSITY 
OF CO-OPERATION. Mr. Roebuck and myself can do but 
little unless our lepidopterists (who are almost compelled in 
their labors to meet with some specimens of our groups) forward 
to us—I may not say give—their captures for purposes of identi- 
fication and record. 

In order to establish authenticity as a principle and basis of 
operations I have spared no effort to attain that object, and desire 
in this place to express my thanks to Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven, 
of the Hague (author of ‘Pinacographia’), a naturalist in more 
senses than one, and to other gentlemen whose assistance it is 
needless to particularize. Collectors also must be careful not to 
transmit as Yorkshire specimens for naming, specimens bred 7x 
Yorkshire, but bred /vom larvze obtained in other counties. 


Trans. Y.N.U.,1878. Series D 


BAIRSTOW : ICHNEUMONIDA AND BRACONIDE IN £878. 69 


As the Rev. T. A. Marshall’s list is not of very recent date, I 
give the names, along with new captures, of a few insects already 
mentioned in the 1877 list, so that we may have specified districts 
where the insects are taken, as well as periods. If the recorder’s 
name is not given my own is intended. 


ICHNEUMONIDES. 
Ichneumon varipes (7) One from Bishop Wood. 
l. luctatorius Z., var. (2) ¢. Storthes Wood. 
l. fabricator Fad. Several from Bishop Wood. 


Amblyteles amatorius J7#//. One ?. Bred. Hudders- 
field district. 

A. fasciatorius (/a0.)=armatorius, Fab. 9. Given tome 
by Mr. S. L. Mosley. Bred, August, out of Voctua xanthographa. 
Huddersfield district. 


CR VAEARADIEES: 
-Gryptus obscurus Grav. One 9. Bradley Wood. 
C. migrator 7a. One ¢. Grimescar Wood, Huddersfield. 


OPHIONIDES. 


Ophion obscurus /a?. Common through county. Taken 
at Storthes, Bishop Wood, Crosland, Bolton Woods, &c. 


MI VAT OUNSID) DS, 
Tryphon calcator (dZi//.) Grav. One $. Bishop Wood. 
Mesoleptus geniculosus Grav. ¢. Hambleton. 
Bassus letatorius ad. (?). 9. Storthes Wood. 
B. festivus /ad. (2) Bishop Wood. 


Metopius dentaius 7a. Bradford (Bred, H. Hebble- 
thwaite). 


7O BAIRSTOW : ICHNEUMONIDA AND BRACONIDE IN 1878. 


Mesoleius niger Grav. Reported from Bradford. Query 
as to authority. 


PIMPLE TIDES: 
Pimpla instigator 7a. Common through Huddersfield 
district. 
P.scanica V7. Several ? and ¢. Storthes Woods and 
Grimescar. 
Ischnoceros rusticus /ourc. One 2 sent to me by Mr. 
S. L. Mosley. No particulars. 


BRACONIDA. 
Microgasiter rugulosus JVees. Var. 9. Huddersfield. 


M. dilutus #atz Out of Liparis auriflua.  Askern. 
Also given to me by Mr. S. L. Mosley out of same insect. 


Pygosiolus sticticus (/ad.) Given to me and taken by 
Mr. S. L. Mosley. Dungeon Wood, Huddersfield. 


Macrocentrus thoracicus (Mees). Two 2. Kirkburton. 


Opius reconditor Wesm. 9 (var. capite rufa). Storthes 
near Huddersfield. 


Microplitis alvearia (/ad.) 


At page 40 of Mr. Roebuck’s first report will be found a 
record of Microplitis alvearia (Fab.), which was inserted as he 
informs me by mistake, and not discovered until too late to 
rectify. It seems that though the specimens of Dasypolia Templi 
were from Yorkshire, yet that the parasites were not. However 
the species is a common one, and will no doubt be re-eligible for 
admission into our lists after further research. Possibly it is the 
same species as was recorded as existing in a single example of 
D. Templi to the number of no less than 447. This was near 
Scarborough (Thos. Wilkinson, E.M. M., April 1867, 11. 264). 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878, Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 71 


YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA tn 1878. 


By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., HUDDERSFIELD, 
Secretary of the Entomological Section. 


It is with a feeling of reluctance that we commence to write. 
the record of work done in our county during 1878. The hope 
expressed in the concluding paragraph of last year’s report has 
not been realized; indeed, if possible the season of 1878 was 
even worse than that preceding it. It has gone hardly for that 
fairly numerous band of young lepidopterists who have com- 
menced the science during the last three or four years, as they 
have never yet had a fair chance of making even a moderate start. 
We fear some, but we hope not many, will have been sorely 
tempted to give up the pursuit in disgust, and to turn, if not away 
from natural history study altogether, at least to some other at 
present apparently more interesting branch of it. To such we 
can only say 


wait a little longer still—our county is not so 
dreary as it seems, and good seasons, probably continuous ones, 
will assuredly come even as they have done in days gone by. 
Just now there is great ground for hope, for has it not always 
been an axiom with lepidopterists that “the harder the winter, the 
better the season following it,” and if this be so, what shall we 
have after this, almost the severest winter (nine weeks nearly 
continuous frost) ever remembered by our oldest entomologists! 
This year we are unable to record the occurrence of a single 
species as new to the county. This is not as it should be, as we 
may be perfectly certain there are large numbers of species still 
to turn up in the very many little or totally unexplored portions 
of our large area for investigation. The longfelt want however ofa 
complete list with localities of the lepidoptera of Yorkshire asknown 
at the present time may account for this, as the working members 
of our Section often complain that they have had no proper basis 
to work upon, and consequently a great incentive for discovery 


72 PORRITT: YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1878. 


has been and still is wanting. At the request of the section Mr. 
Prest and I have undertaken to compile such a list, and are 
already hard at work on it, and if lepidopterists in all parts of the 
county will only send in their lists promptly, we think we may 
safely promise to have it out before the close of 1879. 


NEW LOCALITIES. 


Twenty-three species have been noticed in fresh localities 
against seventeen last year. They are as follows :— 


SPECIES. NEW LOCALITY. RECORDER. 
Deilephila galit ... Bradford) 5) Je Wai@anter 
SCLEMMANUMLAITO Uy eee BLACtOuGl an thse. Jeaviis n Camtery 
Venusta cambricarta... Bingley .... ... E. P. P. Buttenteld: 
WL PGUD (UDOT 502 SANS 525 aca Jo Wo (Cautieie, 
Hybernia rupicapraria.. Saltaire... .... W. Lorimer. 
Larentia salicata... ...Shipley Glen ... J. Firth. 

Eupithecia venosata ...Cottingley ... F. Suthers. 
Hypsipetes impluviata...Saltaire ... ... J. W. Carter. 
Cilariacomlaa ty.)  Pradtord =... 95-4) e)eicthe 

(CHPGE SHOU yon ony EMAGMONl 5 boo Ja Beta 

Acronycta alnt... , ree os \ Thomas Foster. 
WTO UUGOSE oan ope ENCHOKE| go5 00 SL, AoC haeNWG, 
Celena Haworthit ...Rombalds Moor C. C. Starling. 
Agrotis suffusa -..._ ... Bradford... GG Starling: 

Aly GROMUB coe on 300 BNO Bayes buttenield: 
Tryphena janthina ...Manningham ... J. Firth. 

IN OG ME IOUT coe so5 OMNIS 356, ooo Dy JPL IP, IBiuireranelial, 
INE WUjfocr, 80 ose) ooo Braco! oo: H. Andrews. 
Orthosta suspecta...  ... Bingley Ji, 12, 127, Jeingiesaniellcl. 
Oh, UR. 005 85 do cov BINNEY lds Jey Je, Isiuhivernelcl, 
O. macilenta oso | coo Bimalleyy Bae Ps Butterkeld: 
Anchocelts lunosa,.. ... York ee eae Wallitanausekests 
MOAMa HOU, Tie ee SAltAIne) | 4.00 any lean bent 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1878. Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1878. 73 


The majority of these might reasonably have been expected 
in their several districts, but have evidently been overlooked 
previously. The following however are worthy of note:— 


Selenia lunaria. Bradford makes an addition to the 
number of localities where this species has occasionally occurred, 
though seldom more than a few specimens seem to be taken in 
one season at any of them. 


Venusia cambricaria. Mr. Butterfield says this local 
moth occurred in profusion in stony places; this is very gratifying, 
as it appears to be getting scarcer in some of its better known 
localities. 


Larentia salicata. Perhaps the most interesting species 
in the list; having been noticed only in one or two other York- 
shire districts. 


Celzena Haworthii. Evidently occurs on all our West 
Riding moors wherever its food plant, the cotton grass, occurs. 


Anchocelis lunosa. A most unusual species in the 
county, though there seems to be no reason why it should not 
occur more frequently. 


RARITIES IN 1878. 


These have been but few in number and not equal in interest 
to those of last year. 


Colias Edusa, which last year created such excitement 
amongst us, has not put in an appearance at all; and even in the 
southern counties has been scarcer than in ordinary seasons. 


The best moth taken was the Deilephila galii at Bradford, 
_ already alluded to; and the single larva at Escrick Park is the only 
record we have of Acronycta alni. As a Yorkshire example the 
Anchocelis lunosa at York is about as rare as any ofthem. The 
feature of the year, not only in our own but in other counties, 
has been the unusual number of Acherontia Atropos that have 
been found. These were mostly in the larval state, but many 


74. PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1878. 


were found later as pups. Selby and Goole have been their 
head-quarters with us. Mr. Thomas Foster says they were 
plentiful at the former place in August and September, and Mr. 
Thomas Bunker records them at the latter. 


NOTICEABLE RECORDS. 
The following may be mentioned under this heading :— 


Chortobius Davus. At Thorne Moor, by Mr. W. E. Brady 
of Barnsley. 


Eurymene dolobraria. At Bishop Wood, Selby, by myself. 


Nyssia hispidaria. At Bishop Wood, by Messrs. William 
Prest of York and S. D. Bairstow of Huddersfield. 


Hyria auroraria. At Thorne Moor, by Mr. W. E. Brady. 


Eupithecia lariciata. Beaten in plenty from the firs at 
Brantingham by a number of the members of our section on the 
occasion of the Union’s excursion to Brough on Whit Monday, 
June roth. 


Thera firmata. In plenty a@¢ sugar at York in September, 
by Mr. Prest. 


” 


Melanthia albicillata. Only worthy of mention on account 
of the great abundance in which it was noticed at Bishop Wood 
at Whitsuntide (June 8th), by Messrs. Prest, Porritt and Bairstow. 


Cidaria silaceata. Common at Bishop Wood in June, 
Messrs. Prest, Porritt and Bairstow. 


Notodonta dromedarius. At Wharncliffe Woods near 
Sheffield, by myself. 


Agrotis tucernea. At Armitage Bridge, Huddersfield, by 
the Rev. G. C. B. Madden. 


Teniocampa populeti. Commonly at Bishop Weod, 
by Mr. Prest. 


Tethea subtusa. Bishop Wood, Mr. Prest. 


Trans. Y,N.U., 1878. Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1878. 75 


Epunda viminalis. At Huddersfield, by myself. 


Brephos parthenias and B. notha. Both in tolerable 
plenty at Bramham, by Mr. John Smith. 


. VARIETIES, &Xc. 

To most lepidopterists outside our county this will be the 
most interesting paragraph in our report, as with the exception of 
Lancashire, Yorkshire is more noted for extraordinary aberrations 
than any other county; and a box containing all the unusual forms 
obtained even during this worst of seasons would to a southern 
variety fancier be a show not soon forgotten. Foremost would 
come the unprecedented number of eighteen specimens of the 
broad-black-bordered form of Abraxas grossulariata, figured 
in Newman’s ‘British Moths,’ and still better in Part I. of Mosley’s 
‘Varieties.* Of these, fifteen were bred by the Bradford col- 
lectors, mostly if not all from larvee or pupze collected at Thornton, 
near that town. ‘The three others were obtained by Mr. William 
Porteus of Halifax. In addition to those of the dark form, two 
were bred by Mr. J. Firth of Bradford, of the other extreme, 
being white and without the black markings; they were from the 
same Thornton locality, and of course still more interesting to us 
than the dark ones. 

The variety Doubledayaria of Amphydasis betularia 
seems,this year to have been even more common than the ordinary 
“peppered” form. Other remarkable specimens include a peculiar 
dark form of Larentia didymata at Huddersfield by Mr. S. L. 
Mosley, a fine Cidaria russata taken by myself in Armitage 
Bridge Wood, Huddersfield, having the usually palest portion of 
the fore wings (the light central band) perfectly black, a form 
rarely seen even in this most variable species. Lastly, Mr. Prest 
took a hermaphrodite Epione vespertaria at Sandburn in July. 
to name it A. grossulariata var. Varleyata, in compliment to Mr. James 


Varley, who many years ago first introduced it to the notice of lepidopterists, 
and also as an acknowledgment of his services in this branch of entomology. 


76 PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1878. 


In connection with varieties it is a pleasure to have to notice 
in conclusion a work begun by a valued member of our section, 
Mr. S. L. Mosley of Huddersfield. Mr. Mosley has already issued 
two parts of his ‘Varieties of British Lepidoptera,’ each part being 
composed of a series of plates with short notices on extraordinary 
forms of British lepidoptera. Many of those in the cabinets of 
our county have already been figured, and it is Mr. Mosley’s wish 
to publish accurate figures of all the extraordinary aberrations in 
British collections, if the owners will kindly lend them to him for 
the purpose. The plates are all painted by himself, and are so 
beautifully executed that we are not surprised so many of the 
leading lepidopterists in the country have been glad of the 
opportunity of subscribing for what promises to be so valuable a 


work. 


Highroyd House, Huddersfield. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1878. Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 17 


YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA 1n 1879. 
By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., HUDDERSFIELD, 
President of the Entomological Section, 188o. 


Like the commercial world, the entomological world at last 
shows signs of improvement, for the year 1879 was, we think there 
can be no doubt, a little better than its two predecessors. Let 
us hope, and surely we are justified in the expectation, that in both 
cases the improvement will be permanent and increasing. Not, 
indeed, that the past season was a good one; far from it—for 
even comparing it with the average of seasons, we should pro- 
nounce it a bad one. We had an exceptionally backward spring, 
so much so that until quite the end of May, there was compara- 
tively little sign, even in the foliage of our forest trees, of 
approaching summer; and consequently although larvee were found 
tolerably plentifully by those who worked for them, hardly any 
imagos were to be got. During June, however, there was a rapid 
and marked improvement, and in July and early in August, in 
many localities, noctuze actually swarmed at the sugared trees; 
indeed during those few weeks was almost the only bit of good 
sugaring we have had since 1875, when moths flocked to the 
baited trees nearly through the year. From the middle of 
August there was an equally rapid fall off, and since the beginning 
of September it has been waste of time going out collecting. | 


One peculiarity of the season was the complete upsetting of 
all our ideas as to when species should appear; everything was 
late, some species more so than others, so that usually no rule 
could be laid down by which to calculate how late any particular 
species might be. As instances may be mentioned that the only 
moth which visited my sugared trees on the night of June 13th 
was Teeniocampa gothica, ordinarily a March and early April 
species; whilst Abraxas ulmata, which may usually be safely 


78 PORRITT: YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1879. 


counted on in May, was found in good condition, and not 
uncommon, on the occasion of the Union’s excursion to Edlington 
Wood on Bank Holiday, August 4th ; and I again saw two worn 
examples in the same locality so late as September 6th! All the 
specimens had undoubtedly passed the winter in the pupa stage, 
and were not part of a second brood. Hosts of other instances 
might be given, though—except perhaps in the case of Melanthia 
albicillata—not so marked as these. 


Again we are unable to add a single species as new to our 
county. The localities fixed upon for the excursions did not give 
us much hope of this, as they were to places tolerably well worked 
before or of similar ground; and our list of macro-lepidoptera - 
is now so extensive, that only in unworked localities can we 
reasonably expect many fresh things. Of such spots however 
there are still plenty, and every season for years to come ought 
to add one or two species previously unknown to our area of work. 


NEW LOCALITIES. 


The average has been fully maintained, the number being 
twenty-one, against twenty-three in 1878, and seventeen in 1877. 


Species. New Localities, Recorder. 
SS eee | Bradford ky eu eee SOppreE 
Acidalia scutulata oBraGtOrd) ee ese a) ea. eb utrenmel ce 
Cabera exanthemarta ...Saltaire... ... ... J. Terry. 

Macaria liturata ... ... Bingley soo coo do, AS IBUOAIEIIC, 
Fidonia piniaria ..._ ... Bingley ee eee bs eaiaitcenmelals 
Eupithecia castigata  ...Bingley oo oe BRP sButtenreld: 

a larictata _... Bingley Sh neo Oe lho Jee JoenenereiE!.Gl, 

53 minutata ... Bingley soo) ona, Io Bhs Beer tEllGl. 
Gidani@aussata = ;.. <<. Bradford’) 23... Je Wi Canter: 

5, prumia ... ... Bingley a) st) Par aButtentieles 

Notodonta dicteocides ... Bingley ae ee eee utienireliads 

2 dromedarius ..Bradford ....... W. H. Cooper. 
Acronycta leporina _...Bradford ...... J. W. Carter. 


Trans, Y,N.U,, 1878. Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1870. 79 


Species. New Localities. Recorder. 

Celena Haworthit ...Penistone Moors... John Harrison. 
MVE Wii)... Barnsley) 25, ce. john Harrison, 
Da PONG CH pilin 8. sbradtord) 9. 4 je Elixst: 
cRueimicenmean 2 ...saltaires:. 2, a4 We Firth: 

ie "9 mia) | Que SIUSAELOWUISe!: oq ) god (Ge dhs JRismines 
Xanthia cerago ... ...Bingley Soo oso Ja IERIE, IBS sacl, 
PiDlechamenNlad. 4... Bradtord =...) +2. W.. Hodgson) 
FHladena adusta ... ...Bingley ceo 2) AtButtertield: 
Scoparia basistrigalts ...Doncaster ... ... G. T. Porritt. 

»  erategalis Jon DOINGESWEr cos cna (Em IIS Jovani. 


Of these only two species need be further alluded to :— 

Scoparia basistrigalis. On the occasion of the Union’s ex- 
cursion to Doncaster, on Bank Holiday, August 4th, whilst 
collecting in company with Messrs. W. Prest and R. Hind of York 
in Edlington Wood, we were fortunate enough to come across this — 
interesting species. It appeared to be somewhat local, but in an 
area of perhaps a hundred or more yards squaze it occurred in great 
abundance, upwards of a dozen sometimes occurring on a single 
tree. Some years ago Mr. Prest took a few specimens at Bishop 
Wood near Selby, but we do not remember any other Yorkshire 
locality. 

Agrotis lucernea. The occurrence of this species in 
various parts of the West Riding in odd specimens only, is very 
singular, as, with the exception ef the Bradford specimen (which 
was taken at rest on a rock in Shipley Glen on September 6th) 
all I have seen were in beautiful condition, apparently not long 
out of pupa. 


RARITIES IN 1879. 
Only three species have been recorded which are worthy of 
being placed under this heading :— 


Acronycta alni. No imagos appear to have been ob- 
served, but two larve were taken. One, a half-grown specimen, 
was secured by Mr. C. W. Richardson from oak in Haw Park, 
near Wakefield, on September 17th; the other by Mr. Austen Hind 


80 PORRITT: VANESSA CARDUI AND PLUSIA GAMMA IN 1879. 


about the same date, from mountain ash, at Sandburn near York. 


Boarmia roboraria. Mr. Thomas Foster of Selby took 
this species not uncommonly at Bishop Wood in July. 


Vanessa antiopa. One was seen, though not captured, 
in the autumn by Mr. John Smith of Bramham. 


ABUNDANCE OF VANESSA CARDUI AND PLUSIA GAMMA. 


The periodical abundance of various species in different 
seasons has always been one of the most perplexing problems to 
the lepidopterist ; and even now we seem as far off as ever from any 
satisfactory solution. As surely as each season commences there 
is a general expectation that some species or other will turn up in 
it in altogether unusual numbers; though hardly anyone will 
venture to hazard an opinion as to what species it will be. If he 
do happen to be so rash, he is pretty certain to name one entirely 
different from what proves to be the case, and probably even in 
a widely different family ! 1865 is known as “‘the Ce/erto year ;” 


) 


and since then we have had a ‘‘ Zzweata year;” a ‘“‘Lathonta year;” 
year; 


a ‘ Pulchella year” and others. 1872 was the “‘great Antiopa 


p) 


year;” 1877 the “ Zdusa year;” whilst last year, 1879, an invasion 
of Plusia gamma and Vanessa cardui overran the land. The 
entomological journals will have given us all a tolerably clear 
idea of the prodigious numbers of both species contained in this 
invasion. Suffice it to say that both in Britain and on the Con- 
tinent of Europe, probably in all parts of it, has gamma swarmed 
in countless thousands, both on the sea-coast and inland. 
Writing from Bournemouth of V. carduz and P. gamma, Mr. 
McRae says, (Entom. p. 222) “the former are swarming in 
thousands, and the latter in tens of thousands. With the doubtful 
exception of gnats on a calm summer evening, I have never seen 
any species of insect so multitudinous.” Mr. Joseph Anderson, 
Junr., of Chichester, recorded whole fields of peas being well nigh 
stripped bare of leaves by the larvee of gamma, the moths swarming 


TranseY.N,U., 1878. Series D 


THE 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


YORKSHIRE | ( “ ae 


aes 


NATURALISTS’ ee 


oo or 


Hn 


2 PART 4. 
Issued to the Subscribers for the year 1879. 


CON de NE St 


Series Be Vecitee dial Sheet 4. 
| _ The Birds of Moen (from Short- eared Owl to vennhe Oriole). 5 
Nae W. EAGLE CLARKE, M. B.O.U.., PP- 49 to 64. 


"Series D—Articusata—Sheet 6. 


y Mos kehire Macro- Jepidoyton | in 1879 (conclusion). 
G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., pp. 81 to 84. 
Work shire Wages. ‘lepidopters i in 1880. 2 
Gases Porritt, F.L.S., pp: 85 toon 
Moshi (ese third list, based upon observations made in 
1879, ae and 1881 (commencement). 
3 5. D. Barrstow, F.L.S., 
W. DENISON ROEBUCK, and 
THOMAS WILSON, pp. 92 to 96. 


| Series E-Borany—Sheets 5 and 6. 


ene Moss F lora of une East Ridiae Ganee ony : 
H. FRANKLIN ‘PARSONS, M. D., BT, Si, ‘Pp: 57 ‘to 61 
“Liverworts (Hepatice) of the East Riding. 
: a RICHARD SPRUCE, Ph. D., FE. R. G.S., pp. a to 63. 
sey - Report of the Hotanigal Section for 1870. 
ih ee : ee WEST, pp: ee to 104. 


futNal » 


iM : Pec orae  s Bowdon: | 
‘W. SATCHELL AND CO., 12, TAVISTOCK STREET, W.C. 
| LEEDS: TAYLOR -BROS., PRINTERS, ST, ANN STREET. 


i a SE: 


or 


Long, R. J., on Tufted Duck breeding in Scotland, 1879. 


THE TIBRARY 


of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union contains, amongst others, the following 
books and pamphlets, mostly acquired by presentation or ee 
A. GENERAL. ~ Name poe ‘ 
Valley Naturalist, Sep., 1880. ; eras 
Priestley Club, Leeds. — Reports, 1880—81. 
Leeds Philosophical and Lit. Society. Reports, 1880—81. 
Morris’ Naturalist for 1852 and 1856—8. 
Naturalist (Hobkirk & Porritt), 1875—82. 
Berwickshire Nat. Club.—Proceédings, 1879—8o. 
Bristol Nat. Soc.—Proceedings, Vols. I, 2, 3, for i Se. also Reports. . 
Barnsley Nat. Soc.—Transactions, 1881. i 4 
Sheffield Nat. Club.—Report, 1881. : : 
Epping Forest and Essex N. F. Club.—Transactions, 1889—I. 
‘Glasgow N. H. Society. —Proceedings, Vol. 4, part 2, 1879—8o. : 
Hertfordshire N. H..S. and F. Club.—Transactions, Vol. 1507. parts, 1880—I. 
Largo Field Naturalists’ Society.—Report of meeting, March, 1881.) Co. [ESE. Prince.@ 
Leicester Lit. and Phil. Society.—Report, 1880. . 
4 
q 


x 
" 
y 


Liverpool N. F. Club.—Reports, 1878—81. 
Norfolk and Norwich N. $.—Transactions, Vol. 3, 2 parts, Bro BE 
North Staffordshire N. F. Club. —Reports, 1879 and 1880. s 
Goole Scientific Society.—Report, 1878—9. i if 
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Club.—Papers, 1849—50. . Bi Aihetan edn oy: 
_Teasdale’s Address to Postal Microscopical Society, Sep., 1880. ae ...[Author. © 
‘Lubbock’s Address to British Association, 1881. vse ae oy 
Nature, Nov. 18, 1880 (Report of Darwin Address). : : 
Balfour on Genesis of Nervous System, 1380. Se bie nl 
Gunther on-Museums, 1880. ai aS. ah Bat a arch [T. Lister. 
-Owen on the British Museum, 1881. me 
‘Hopkinson on Provincial Museums, 1881... -.[Autho 
Harvie Brown on Uniformity of Method in Recording Natural History Observations, especia 
ly ‘distribution and ie 1876. [Robert Maso 
Hertfordshire Phenological Observations in 1880. a Hopkinson. 
Ferguson’s Natural History of Redcar, 1860 BES Fe 
‘Middlesbrough and district: notes, historical, industrial, scientific, with geological ep 


_ Askham Bog: its fauna, flora, &c., 1880. ~ Seger [lists, &c., 
The Naturalist in Nidderdale, by Joseph Lucas, eres BES ... PW. D. Roebue 
Scottish Naturalist—Nos. for 1876 and 1878. erie mart aa) cy eee wer | Cnet et ORME 


Midland Naturalist—Odd numbers, 1878-9. 
Northern Microscopist—Jan., 1881. s a 
Société d’Hist. Nat. de Toulouse. — Bulletin, 1870, fasc. fe with ae map. ae Dépattll 
ment of, Tarn-et-Garonne, 
U.S. Geological & Ome Survey of Territories.—Cat. of Publications, 3rd ed., 1879. 
U.S. National Museum. —Proceedings, Vol. 2, 1879 (with Bibliography of Brit. Ornithology). 
_Miall’s Geology, Nat. Hist. & Prehictovie Antiquities of Craven, 1878, with peclogies”. ma De 


B. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 


Provisional Index to a Glossary of Fish-names, by Thomas Satchell. Of, 
Huxley on a New Labyrinthodont «from Bradford (Pholederpeton scutigerum), and on 

upper jaw of Megalosaurus, 1869. 
Photograph of Buteo lagopus ppd at Kilburn in 1876. : ie [Geo. Edson. 
Gibson, E., on the Biscacha (Lagostomus trichodactylus), a South- American eta 187 fs 
“ [R.. Mason. 
Gibson, E:,’on the Yellow Opossum (Didelphis crassicandata) from Buenos Ayres, 1879, 

R. M 


Lumsden on Recent Occurrence in Scotland of Rough- heel Buzzard, 1876. 
Harvie Brown on Some Varieties of Common Partridge, &c., 1877. 


Harvie Brown on Nesting of Dotterel in Scotland, 1873. 

Gumey, J, H., jun., on Fern Islands and Birds found there, 1877. 

Clarke, W. E., on Bird- Life at Farne Islands, 1881. .... SE Apen 

List of Birds of Ardnamurchan in Argyleshire, by J. J. Dalgleish. Sake ae : 
Lumsden on Birds of Loch Lomond, 1876. . ‘ seu 
Horn, Wm.. on Birds of N. W. Perthshire, "1879. Ee Ae ..- - [Rv Maso 
Sabanaéff on Avi-Fauna of Ural, 1877. x vee | [Re Mase: 
Harvie Brown, Ornithology of Lower Petchora, 1876. Bot eel I 


ma of Comp;> 
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\ OCT 11 1945 
NL1 eR AR 
SHORT-EARED OWL AND EAGLE OWL. 49 


ev 


ey) 


Mr. Thomas Stephenson, of Whitby, informs me that Mr. 
William Lister has seen the young birds taken from a nest on the 
Egton Moors, near Whitby, about the year 1850, and does not 
doubt that even now they occasionally breed there. On the 
Danby Moors, also in Cleveland, Mr. W. H. Raw has found at least 
four nests, all of which contained young birds, and were placed 
among “old heather broken down and dead at the roots.” The 
young did not in any instance exceed three in number. Mr. Raw 
found the last nest in 1867 or 1868, soon after which date he 
left the locality, so that he thinks it is quite possible that they 
may still breed there. 


In concluding my account of this species, mention should 
be made of the fact that ‘“ Hawk Owl” is a name by which it is 
known in some parts of the county; and the result of my 
inquiries and the examination of specimens has been to prove 
that the “Hawk Owls” reported to have occurred in Yorkshire 
have in every instance been examples of the Short-eared Owl. 
The Hawk Owl (Surnia funerea), so far as I have been able to 
ascertain, has never occurred in this county. With respect to the 
example quoted by Mr. Harting in his Handbook of British Birds 
as having occurred at Shelf near Bradford, the result of such 
inquiries as I have been able to make has been eminently: 
unsatisfactory, and I do not feel justified in including the species 
as a Yorkshire bird on the strength of this record. 


BUBO IGNAVUS Tf. Forster. 
Eagle Owl. 


A rare and accidental visitor. 


The earliest allusion to this species as a Yorkshire bird is 
made by Pennant in 1768 (British Zoology, i., p. 157) who stated 
that it had once been shot in the county. ‘There are also several 


B4 


5° CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


other instances of this rare visitor to Britain having occurred 
in Yorkshire, and in the following enumeration of them, Prof. 
Newton’s remark (Yarrell’s Birds, ed. 4, p. 170) as to the 
probability of many of the British examples being escapes from 
captivity, is particularly applicable to those specimens which 
have occurred during the summer months. 


One shot at Horton near Bradford about the year 1824, is 
mentioned by the late Mr. Henry Denny in his Catalogue of 
Yorkshire birds contributed in 1840 to the Annals of Natural 
History (vol. 7). 


Mr. Thomas Allis mentions one taken alive in a wood near 
Harrogate in the summer of 1832. This specimen was purchased 
by Mr. George Lane Fox of Bramham, and is now in the York 
museum. 


Mr. Patrick Hawkridge of Scarborough communicated to 
Neville Wood’s Naturalist (1838, p. 155) a note of the capture of 
a specimen off Flamborough Head. ‘The bird, after alighting 
upon the mast of a sloop sailing by, was with difficulty secured, 
after it had ‘‘actually pinned down with its powerful talons the 
cabin boy, who had been sent aloft to seize it.” 


The example mentioned by the Rey. F. O. Morris (Brit. 
Birds, 1851, vol. i., p. 184) as shot in the woods at Clifton Castle 
near Bedale, in the month of March, 1845, proved—as the result 
of inquiries made through my obliging correspondent Mr. James 
Carter of Masham—to be a bird escaped from Hornby Castle, the 
residence of the Duke of Leeds. A letter from Mr. Wille, the 
Duke’s agent, describes the bird as being from the forest at Mar 
Lodge, N.B. 


Mr. C. C. Hanson of Greetland near Halifax, informs me 
that on a very dark day in November, 1845, he snapped an old 
flint gun at an Eagle Owl, but the gun missing fire as usual, the 
owl stared at him for a moment ‘‘with eyes like a leopard,” then 
off it went. Mr. Hanson had approached quite close by the aid 
of an intervening stack. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


EAGLE OWL AND SCOPS OWL. 51 


In July, 1876, an Eagle Owl was captured on Rombalds 
Moor, above Ilkley, by two farm servants; the bird being quite 
unable to fly, owing to its plumage being “‘storm soaked.” ‘This 
bird is now kept alive in a small vivarium at Roundhay Park, 
Leeds, along with two specimens said to have been taken from a 
nest near Aberdeen! 


The latest occurrence was at Scarborough, on the 3oth of 
October, 1879, after a very heavy gale from the N.E. Mr. A. 
Roberts, to whom I am indebted for the information, was on his 
way to the museum at one o’clock p.m., when he was startled by 
seeing a very large Eagle Owl flying quite low in one of the back 
streets, which on arriving within ten yards of him rose with difficulty 
over the cottages and disappeared. The bird was also seen 
immediately afterwards by Mr. Robert Champley to alight in 
Lord Londesborough’s grounds. . 


SCOPS GIU (Scopfoll). 
Scops Owl. 


A rare and accidental visitant, 


The first instances of the occurrence of this beautiful little 
owl in Britain were announced from Yorkshire by Mr. Foljambe, 
of Osberton, an accurate ornithologist, who assured Colonel 
Montagu that a specimen in his possession had, he believed, been 
shot in this county, and that Mr. Charles Fothergill of York had 
another shot in the spring of 1805 near Wetherby. 


According to Mr. Thomas Allis (1844) this bird had been met 
with at Womersley, in the West Riding, and the Rev. F. O. Morris 
was his authority for the mention of a pair of old and a pair of young 

_birds shot some years before at Ripley, near Harrogate, where Mr. 
William Stubbs, the Ripon taxidermist, found them nailed up and 
quite spoilt by a fortnight’s exposure. The gamekeeper of Sir 


52 CLARKE : THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


Matthew Wilson, of Eshton Hall, near Skipton, in describing his 

exploits to a gentleman, said that some years ago he shot such a 
thing as he never saw before or since—“‘it was a regular formed 

‘Hullet’ not bigger than his fist with horns above its eyes,” and 

undoubtedly this was the species. thus described. Mr. Arthur 

Strickland says a beautiful specimen of this little bird appeared 

in July, 1832, in the grounds at Boynton, and by its loud and 

distinct note attracted general attention. This note was like the 

sound of a single note on a musical instrument, repeated at about half 
a minute’s interval, and was so loud that it could be distinctly 

heard in the house when the bird was some distance off in the 

‘tall trees. After a time it was shot by firing at the sound, for it 

was too dark to see the bird. Another specimen was shot near 

Driffield about the year 1839 ; and from the description given to 

him Mr. Allis had no doubt that this species had also occurred 

in the grounds of Mr. Beaumont, of Sandhutton. ; 

Mr. Thomas Stephenson, of Whitby, writes me that Mr. 
William Lister, of Glaisdale, has not. the least doubt that this 
species was shot on the Egton Estate in 1865. ‘The bird was 
described to him as being a little mottled owl, only half the size 
of the Short-eared Owl, and having longer ears. Mr. Lister went 
to examine this bird, but unfortunately it had in the meantime 
come under the notice of a stranger, to whom it was sold. 


SCOPS ASIO (L.) 
Little Screech Owl. 


An accidental visitant. 


It is supposed that this owl, which is according to Audubon 
(Orn. Biog.) a somewhat common North American species, 
has occurred on two occasions in England, in the counties of 
Yorkshire and Norfolk (Stevenson’s Birds of Norfolk, vol. 1., 
p. 44); but the bird’s claim toa place on the British list is not 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


LITTLE SCREECH OWL AND LITTLE OWL. 53 


admitted, and I am informed by Mr. H. E. Dresser, one of the 
best authorities we have on the avifauna of Europe, that it has 
not been reported from any part of the continent. 


The information relating to the occurrence in which we are 
specially interested is, along with an etching of the bird, contained 
in the late Dr. Hobson’s communication to the Naturalist of 1855 
(p. 169), from which I have abstracted the following :— 3 


The owl in question is in its grey plumage, and was shot by 
Joseph Owen in the breeding season of 1852 in Hawksworth 
Cover, the property of the Earl of Cardigan, half a mile above 
Kirkstall Abbey, and within the borough of Leeds. At that period 
there were a pair of owls, and so far as Owen could judge by 
moonlight they appeared to be similar in size, color and flight. 
He at once saw that these birds differed materially from our 
common Screech Owl, and was therefore extremely anxious to 
secure them ; and, having shot one, he went to their haunt night 
after night to obtain the other, but this unfortunately he could 
never accomplish. Owen, ignorant of the value of his treasure, 
gave this owl, in the flesh, to a bird-stuffer in Leeds, called 
Matthew Smith, who immediately put it up under the impression 
that it was a “‘Scops-eared Owl,” and, under the same error in 
judgment, sold it to Dr. Hobson. 


CARINE NOCTUA (Scofolz). 
Little Owl. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


Not only is the whole of the information relating to the 
occurrence of this species exceedingly meagre, but unfortunately 
it is of a vague nature, from the fact that in every instance the 
records show an entire absence of details. 


The earliest reference to this as a Yorkshire bird is made 


54 LITTLE OWL. 


in 1768 in Pennant’s British Zoology (i., p. 160) where it is said 
to be “very rare in England; it is sometimes found in Yorkshire.” 
I suspect this is the authority from which Dr. John Berkenhout 
obtained the information for his Synopsis of the Natural 
History of Great Britain (1778), in which this species is described 
as having occurred in Yorkshire. Doubtless also Pennant’s book 
is the source whence Mr. C. Fothergill derived the statement, 
given in his Ornithologia Britannica, 1799, that it is ‘“‘extremely 
rare in this kingdom, chiefly found in Yorkshire.” 


In 1828 Mr. Leyland of Halifax published a list of the 
birds occurring around that town, wherein he mentions under 
the head of Strix passerina, Little Owl—‘‘I have reason to 
believe that this species has been met with here; it has not 
however fallen under my own observation.” The first edition of 
Yarrell’s unrivalled work on British birds, published in 1843, 
contains a statement that the Little Owl has occurred in York- 
shire, and this is reiterated in the fourth edition now publishing. 


The “little earless owl” is included in a list of the birds 
which had been observed in Walton Park by the late Mr. Charles 
Waterton, and published in 1866, after his death, by Dr. Hobson. 
With regard to this, it should be remembered that in the year 
1842 Waterton purchased a dozen birds of this species at Rome; 
five of them survived the journey and were liberated in Walton 
Raters 


* Under the heading of ‘‘Flight of ‘ Little Owls’ in Yorkshire ” the 
following appeared in Neville Wood’s Naturalist (1838, p. 168)—‘* Mr. Rudston 
Read informs us that, some time since, from twenty to thirty ‘ Little Owls’ 
were seen in a gorse cover belonging to P. Davies Cooke, Esq., of Owston 
Hall, near Doncaster. Mr. Read’s informant was well acquainted with all the 
common British species of owl, and stated positively that the Owston birds 
belonged to none of these. Unfortunately none of these ‘ Little Owls’ were 
preserved.—ED.” 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 55 


NYCTEA SCANDIACA (L.) 
Snowy Owl. 


A rare and accidental visitant. 


In one instance only has a specimen of this fine species 
been obtained in Yorkshire, but there are several occasions on 
which it has been, or is supposed to have been, observed in the 
county. 

Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, informs me that he has 
in his collection one which was shot on Barlow Moor, near 
Selby, on the 13th of February, 1837. At that date the moor 
abounded in rabbits and furze, and was rented by his father for 
sporting purposes. ‘The bird was first observed by the miller of 
an adjoining mill on the 12th and mistaken by him for a goose, 
but seeing it still there the next day he shot at it, just tipping the 
pinion. On an attempt being made to capture it, the bird threw 
itself on its back and offered so fierce a resistance that it was 
secured with difficulty and afterwards killed. This bird was ex- 
hibited during the year 1837 at a meeting of the Zoological 
Society, by Mr. A. N. Vigors, F.R.S. Mr. Clapham tells me that 
the Rev. Mr. Morris’s statement in his British Birds (1851, i., 195) 
that this bird was accompanied by another of the same species is 
incorrect. 


Between the years 1849 and 1853, during the winter or early 
spring months, Mr. Clapham, whilst walking at Scarborough, saw 
a large white bird flying towards the castle, which, from its size, 
soft steady flight and broad wings, he concluded was WV. Scandiaca. 
This impression was confirmed on his hearing a day or two 
afterwards that a Snowy Owl had been shot at and missed from 
the Filey Rocks. 


Regarding a possible occurrence of this species at Flam- 
borough on the 14th of October, 1865, Mr. Cordeaux wrote as 
follows in the Zoologist (1866, p. 1026) :—‘“‘ A large owl chequered 
all over black and white, and, as the man said, ‘as large as a 


56 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


great black-backed gull,’ was seen in a turnip field. The man 
who saw it went home instantly for his gun; on his return, 
however, the bird had disappeared. Otherwise I might possibly 
have added Swrnza nyctea to the avifauna of Flamborough.” 

In Land and Water for December 27th, 1879, Mr. Edward . 
Thompson, in some Scarborough notes, mentions a Snowy Owl as 
having been seen near that town, and an unsuccessful attempt 
made to shoot it. On communicating with Mr. Thompson I 
learnt that the bird frequented the New Park during the month 
of December and was frequently seen. 


ALUCO FLAMMEUS (L.) 
Barn Owl. 


—— 


A resident. 


This, the most generally distributed of the owls in York- 
shire, whilst found in a lesser or greater degree of abundance in 
all districts, appears to be more numerous in the southern 
portion of the county than elsewhere; and it seems to me 
probable that its numbers are increased by an immigration of 
either a partial nature from more northern British localities, or 
from the European continent, for there are instances of the 
species occasionally occurring in unusual numbers during the later 
months of the year. ‘Though not the most numerous, this is the 
best known of all the owls, probably from the fact of its taking 
up its abode in close proximity to the haunts of man and 
frequenting the towers of churches, whence it has acquired a kind 
of ghostly fame. I am glad to say that many of my numerous 
correspondents allude to its receiving protection from the farmers; 
and now that this class has learned to appreciate the services 
rendered by this bird, it is to be hoped that before many more 
years the game preserver may be as fully alive to the equally 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


BARN OWL AND GREAT GREY SHRIKE. 57 


valuable services of the woodland species.* 


In the collection of Mr. Edward Tindall of Knapton Hall 
is a fine variety obtained at Hackness near Scarborough, in 
December, 1876. This specimen has the back and wings of a 
rich chesnut-brown, the wings shaded with mouse colour, the 
usual black spots being absent; the facial disks a light buff 
radiated with chesnut; the breast light buff and unspotted. 
Professor Newton (Yarrell’s Birds, vol. i., p. 198) speaking of a 
similar variety, described by Mr. Stevenson, which occurred in 
Norfolk, considers it to be of foreign origin and probably an 
accidental visitor to this country, and remarks that Danish 
examples in particular have the facial disks of a dark rusty-red 
colour. 


PASSERES. | LANIIDZ. 
LANIUS EXCUBITOR L. 
Great Grey Shrike. 


An uncommon winter visitant. 


On the coast and especially in Holderness the Great Grey 
Shrike is observed almost annually as an autumn immigrant, 
arriving, as a rule, during the latter days of October; and 
although varying in numbers, is always very far from numerous. 


_* No apology is needed for introducing the following analysis of the 
castings of our three most abundant species, given at p. 148 of Newton’s 
Yarrell. Such evidence cannot be too widely disseminated or too well known. 


REMAINS FOUND. 
No. of 2 a} = |g Sa & 
Pellets | 8 | 3 g 2 z c 8.5] 9 
exennned, | Cl || 64 |) St | lee | St ee 
Tawny Owl.......-.... 210 6 | 42 | 206] 33 | 48 | 18 | 48 
Long-eared Ovwl...... 25 6 | 35 2 
Baia Oil yscnes sobsne no" 706 | 16) 3 | 237 |693|1590 22 


58 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


The occurrence of quite a young bird of the year at Kilnsea, in 
the East Riding, on the 26th of August, 1877, recorded in the 
Field (1877, p. 281), is unprecedentedly early. Remaining 
throughout the winter, it has at that season occurred in most 
parts of the county, but cannot be said to frequent any locality 
regularly, though the list of recorded occurrences is very 
voluminous. ‘Taking its departure on the advent of spring, we 
must look upon the shooting of one at York whilst in the pursuit 
of Fieldfares, on the 18th of April, 1849 (Zoologist, 1849, p. 2452) 
as a late occurrence. 


During an ornithological excursion in Dutch Brabant in 
May, 1879, I obtained several nests of this bird, all of which 
were placed in the small detached pines which are scattered 
over the extensive heaths of that province. Each pair of birds 
had its own limited district, as it were, from which others of 
the race were seemingly strictly excluded. The nest, placed 
about five feet from the ground, was a considerable structure of 
dry grasses and a profusion of feathers. One nest had a quantity 
of fine heather, rag, string and worsted in its composition. ‘The 
usual number of the eggs was seven. ; 


LANIUS COLLURIO L. 
Red-Backed Shrike. 


A rare casual summer visitant. 


This bird is of much less frequent occurrence in the county 
than the Great Grey Shrike. It has been recorded to breed in a 
few instances, but does not now, so far as my knowledge extends, 
repair annually to any single locality, though formerly it seems to 
have ranked as a somewhat regular visitor, for the late Mr. Henry 
Denny, who was an excellent naturalist, in his Leeds Catalogue, 
1840, cites this species as ‘“‘not uncommon” in several localities 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


RED-BACKED SHRIKE. 59 


near Leeds; Mr. Allis in 1844 stated that it bred occasionally 
near Halifax, but was becoming scarce, that it was not very 
uncommon near Sheffield and Doncaster, and was occasionally 
met with near Huddersfield and York; and Mr. James Varley of 
Huddersfield tells me that he can well remember it as an almost 
annual visitor in that neighbourhood, and that he has himself 
taken both nests and eggs. When on its migration it has been 
observed both in the spring and autumn, but its visits then are 
few and far between. 


The following are the occasions on which it has nested in 
the county :—Dr. Farrar of Barnsley obtained a pair of old birds, 
which were snared on their nest, in Cliff Wood, near that town, 
in the year 1826. Mr. H. Smurthwaite of Richmond, in Morris’s 
Naturalist (1854, p. 81) mentions that eggs in the collection of 
his friend Mr. Wood were taken from nests near that place. Dr. 
Hall communicated to the Field (1869, p. 435) a note that a nest 
with four young birds had been taken within a mile of the town 
of Sheffield in the early summer of 1868. Mr. J. T. Calvert of 
Keighley informs me that it has bred near Silsden, in Airedale, 
from whence one or two nests have been obtained. 


Regarding the nesting of this bird a. Beverley in 1876, Mr. 
Boyes communicated the following particulars to the Zoologist 
(1877, p. 157) :—“‘ The Red-backed Shrike is a very rare bird here, 
and I cannot hear that one has been seen for fifteen years. On 
May 27th a hen bird of this species was shot, and on the follow- 
ing day a pair were obtained. A circumstance occurred in 
connection with the capture of these birds that is perhaps 
interesting. It appears the male and female were both sitting 
on a dead branch near each other when the female was shot. 
The person who shot it repaired to the same place early the 
following day to shoot the male, when he found a second female; 
this he shot, and later in the day shot the male. Is it possible 
that the male had two wives? It is scatcely reasonable that he 
could have picked up another mate in so short a time in a part 
of the country where these birds are so rare. I ought to mention 


60 RED-BACKED SHRIKE. 


that the first female was laying, and had an egg fully developed 
in the ovary. A search was afterwards made, and the old nest 
containing one egg found near the spot where all the three birds 
were shot. The second female was a younger bird, and showed 
no signs of breeding, the eggs in the ovary being very small.” 


In addition to the above the Red-backed Shrike has been 
observed on the undermentioned occasions in the county. In 
some of these instances the dates would seem to indicate that 
the species had nested in the locality, but the majority of the 
occurrences were doubtless birds on their spring or autumn 
migrations. 


Prior to 1845 one was shot near Guisborough, and another 
observed near Hull (Zoologist, 1845, pp. 1055 and 1023). One 
was taken in a trap baited with young thrushes, at Ackworth, in 
the summer of 1856 (Morris’s Naturalist, 1857, p. 198). 


On the 26th of September, 1866, a fine female was shot at 
Flanshaw near Wakefield, and preserved by Mr. Wm. Talbot. 
Mr. W. W. Boulton informed Mr. Cordeaux that an adult female, 
which he had in the flesh, shot near Beverley about the year 1866 
or 1867, was the only example he had seen of this species in 
that neighbourhood; and the latter gentleman in treating of this 
species in his Birds of the Humber District quotes it as “very 
rare,” remarking that he had “‘ never seen or met with a Lincoln- 
shire-killed specimen.” In the year 1869, on the first of July, 
Mr. J. Lucas observed a Red-backed Shrike chattering and 
making a great noise in a dell known as Hole Bottom, in 
Nidderdale; adding that it is there a rare bird and that he had 
no other record of its occurrence in that part of Yorkshire (Zool., 
1879, p. 404). On the 18th of May, 1872,.one occurred at 
Clayton West, and about 1876 a mature bird was obtained near 
Richmond. Mr. M. Bailey of Flamborough has in his collection 
a fine male which was brought to him in the flesh by a fisherman, 
who had captured it on the sheet of his boat when seven miles 
at sea off the headland, on the 8th of May, 1877. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 61 


LANIUS AURICULATUS P.L.S.Muller. 
Woodchat Shrike. 


A very rare summer visitant. 


This species has occurred in Yorkshire—so far as I have 
been able to ascertain—on two occasions only, and I greatly 
regret my inability to give full particulars of them; for details 
respecting so rare a visitant to Britain, and so fine a species, 
would be most acceptable to all interested in Yorkshire 
ornithology. Mr. Yarrell in the first edition of his British Birds 
(vol. 1, p. 161), published in 1843, states that ‘‘a few years ago 
Mr. Leadbeater received a specimen which had been killed in 
Yorkshire.” Professor Newton in his edition of that work (1871) 
mentions its having been met with in Yorkshire, no doubt refer- 
ring to the same specimen. Mr. A. Roberts, of Scarborough, 
informs me that in the year 1860 or 1861, Mr. Alwin S. Bell 
obtained two young birds in the Castle Holmes, Scarborough; 
but he (Mr. Bell) only succeeded in preserving one of them, 
owing to their being so very fat. 


PASSERES. MUSCICAPIDA. 
MUSCICAPA GRISOLA L. 
Spotted Flycatcher. 


A common summer visitant. 


A common and generally distributed species, arriving during 


the first fortnight of May, leaving again in September. It is well 
known for its habit of returning to favourite breeding haunts, and 


62 CLARKE: THE BIRDS OF YORKSHIRE. 


for the frequency with which it makes choice of curious sites for 
its nest. It is also one of the few birds to be found in our town 
gardens. 


A variety obtained near Wath-upon-Dearne in August, 1870, 
is described by Dr. H. Payne as having ‘‘ the upper plumage and 
tail whitish fawn, the under parts nearly white.” 


MUSCICAPA ATRICAPILLA L. 
Pied Flycatcher. 


A local summer visitant. 

Of this conspicuous bird, whose distribution in Britain as a 
summer resident is exceedingly limited, Yorkshire is one of the 
chief headquarters and perhaps the most southern county in which 
its occurrence in any numbers can be considered regular. 


The localities in which this species annually breeds are 
entirely confined to the North and West Ridings of the county, and 
its choice of them shows a strong predilection for the combination 
of woodland and water, preferring as it does either deeply wooded 
river valleys or woods in close proximity to extensive sheets of 
water. 


In the North Riding it nests annually about Barnard Castle 
in Teesdale; in the woods at Castle Howard; and at 
Duncombe Park, Helmsley, and Hovingham in Ryedale. In 
Wensleydale, which is in both Ridings, it is known to breed on 
the banks of the Ure near Masham, Danby and Hackfall. 
Bolton Woods are its chosen resort in Wharfedale; while in 
Nidderdale it visits the woods at Bewerley and Harefield near 
Pateley Bridge (in which locality Mr. Joseph Lucas observed that 
two broods were hatched in 1869, the second being on the 15th 
of July). Other localities annually resorted to in the West 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


PIED FLYCATCHER AND GOLDEN ORIOLE. 63 


Riding are Stainborough Woods and those at Cannon Hall, both 
near Barnsley. In these Ridings it has also been reported as 
breeding occasionally and singly near Halifax, Sheffield, Hud- 
dersfield, Hebden Bridge, Bradford and Scarborough. In 
1811 the Rev. James Dalton, a noted naturalist in his time, 
found it breeding at Copgrove (near Boroughbridge); and in 
1844 Ovenden (near Halifax), Harewood and Studley were 
quoted as breeding stations by Mr. Thomas Allis. I have no 
information of their now being frequented. 


In the East Riding it can only rank as a casual visitor at the 
period of migration. I have prosecuted strict inquiries as to its 
ever having bred in this division of the county, but have failed to 
learn that it has done so in evena single instance. An interesting 
and unusual occurrence took place at Flamborough on the 3rd of 
May, 1866, and two following days; several specimens of both 
sexes In mature and immature plumage were shot out of a large 
flock by Mr. Bailey, to whom I am indebted for the information. 
Mr. Cordeaux informs me that it occurs at Spurn during the 
vernal migration. 


PASSERES. ORIOLIDA. 


ORIOLUS GALBULA UL. 
Golden Oriole. 


A rare casual visitant. 


This beautiful species can only be regarded as a rare 
straggler in Yorkshire at the period of its spring and autumn 
movements, when the few specimens observed have doubtless 
accidentally deviated from their accustomed line of migration. 


In the spring of 1834 a fine female was killed near the 
Spurn lighthouse, and came into the possession of Mr. Arthur 


64. GOLDEN ORIOLE. 


Strickland. Mr. Allis in enumerating this occurrence in 1844, 
remarked that it appeared to be the only Yorkshire specimen 
known. 


One was shot at Boat Bottom near Wakefield, during the 
first week of August, 1856, which Mr. Wm. Talbot saw in the 
flesh and describes as being in splendid plumage. 


In May, 1859, Mr. Roberts of Scarborough had brought to 
him for preservation a male in the finest adult plumage, which 
had been shot on Admiral Mitford’s estate at Hunmanby (Zool. 
1859, p. 6561). A specimen in the museum at Scarborough, and 
another in a private collection, Mr. Roberts tells me are said to 
have been obtained near that town. 


The Rev. J. W. Chaloner of Newton Kyme informs me that 
he observed on the 28th of April, 1870, a fine male specimen 
whilst driving on the North Road, a short distance out of 
Doncaster, the bird flying between the conveyance and the 
roadside hedge for a distance of two hundred yards. About the 
same date one was observed in Grimston Park, near Tadcaster, 
by Hamer the keeper. For the information relating to this 
occurrence I am also indebted to the Rev. Mr. Chaloner. 


Regarding the occurrence of one near Bingley, about the 
end of August or beginning of September, 1875, Mr. Butterfield 
of Wilsden writes me that a gamekeeper, on whose veracity he 
can rely, gave him a description of a bird which was no doubt a 
Golden Oriole. It was flying in company with some thrushes. 


The Hull Museum Guide (1860) informs us that “specimens 
have been seen near Hull,” and Mr. Cordeaux, in his Birds of 
the Humber District (1872), mentions that a pair in the collection 
of Mr. W. W. Boulton are said to have been shot on the east 
coast, Mr. Boulton considering the authority a fairly reliable 
one. 


Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1880). Series B 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1870. 81 


in every direction, and equally abundant by day and night. Mr. 
J. T. Carrington found the sandhills on the Essex coast infested by 
them; “it was no uncommon thing to see ten to twenty specimens 
fighting with one another to get at a single thistle flower.” The 
sea at St. Leonards was scattered over with the moths, which 
were being washed up in lines on the shore. Mr. H. Ramsay 
Cox recorded from Ostend, hundreds of thousands of Plusia 
gamma “in shoals everywhere,” whilst ‘‘Pyramers carduz was 
flitting in hundreds up and down the streets, and on the sandhills, 
where there is not a stick of anything green.” ‘These are a few of 
the records from the southern counties: both species spread over 
our northern counties, though, as we should expect, in much 
smaller numbers. In Yorkshire we had our share. Vanessa 
cardut, though not near so abundant as elsewhere, occurred in 
early summer in unusual numbers all over it, and it is needless to 
particularize localities. A rather singular circumstance, however, 
is that no larvee appear to have been noticed afterwards; though 
we, and doubtless: others, searched carefully for them. As a 
consequence the autumn specimens did not appear more 
numerously, perhaps not even as plentifully as the earlier 
hibernated specimens. We are inclined to suppose that our 
early summer specimens were part of the southern invasion, and 
had probably deposited their eggs before reaching our county: 
otherwise we think the autumn specimens must have been 
proportionately more plentiful, as they were in the south. P/usza 
gamma too, though plentiful enough with us, never became the 
pest it proved to be in some counties. The south-West Riding 
was probably freer from it than anywhere, but in various parts of 
the county it abounded, notably so at Riccall Common near 
Selby, on the occasion of the Union’s visit in September. 


NOTICEABLE RECORDS. 
The following species may be named :— 


Thecla W-album. At Edlington Wood, near Doncaster, 
as usual; by Mr. William Prest and others. 


82 PORRITT: YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1879. 


Liparis monacha. At Selby on the occasion of the 
Union’s visit to Riccall Common in September. 


Orgyia fascelina. Larve collected at Spurn by Mr. 
Hewetson. 


O. gonostigma. Larve on birch at Askham Bog, on the 
Union’s visit there on June 2nd. 

Ennomos fuscantaria. In the larval state on ash, on 
the road to Doncaster, by Mr. S. D. Bairstow, August 4th. 


E. angularia. At Edlington Wood in September, by Mr. 
W. Prest. 


Phorodesma bajularia. At Edlington Wood, August 4th. 


Asthena luteata. At Bramham, June 28th, by Mr. 
George Tyers, of Leeds. 

A. sylvata. This local moth occurred in abundance at 
Edlington Wood, to Mr. John Harrison, of Barnsley. 


Eupisteria heparata. Taken by Mr. George Tyers, at 
Seven Arches, Leeds. 


Venusia cambricaria. Taken in great abundance in the 
Bingley district by the Messrs. Butterfeld; the specimens were 
much finer and larger than in the previous year. 

Acidalia fumata. Common near Bingley, Mr, Butterfield. 

Timandra amataria. Edlington on August 4th, York- 
shire Naturalists’ Union. 

Larentia salicata. Taken very freely in the Saltaire and 
Bingley district by Messrs. J. W. Carter, Firth and Butterfield. 

Eupithecia lariciata. Taken at Bishops Wood, near 
Selby, on May 30th, by Mr. S. D. Bairstow; and at Seven 
Arches, near Leeds, by Mr. George Tyers. 


Melanthia rubiginata. ‘This pretty little species swarmed 
on some of the stream sides around Bradford, Mr. J. W. Carter. 


Anticlea rubidata. At Edlington Wood, August 4th, 
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1879. 83 
Scotosia vetulata. Also at Edlington Wood, the Union’s 
Excursion there on the August Bank Holiday. 


Notodonta chaonia. Larve found on oaks by myself in 
Edlington Wood, on August 4th. 


Thyatira derasa. At sugar at Hambleton in July, by 
Mr. George Tyers. 


Cymatophora fluctuosa. By beating birches, &c., in 
Wharncliffe Wood, by Mr. James Varley of Huddersfield. 


Acronycta leporina. At Barnsley. 


A. menyanthidis. At Shipley, by Mr. J. W. Carter; and 
at Riccall Common, by Mr. C. W. Richardson. 


Calamia lutosa. AtSpurn, by Mr. W. E. Clarke of Leeds. 


Xylophasia scolopacina. Taken freely in Haw Park 
near Wakefield, by Messrs. Wilson and C. W. Richardson; also 
less commonly at Hambleton, by Mr. George Tyers. 


Agrotis aquilina. At York, by Mr. Thomas Wilson. 


Aplecta occulta. ‘This fine species seems to have been 
taken at York and near Sheffield. 


Hadena suasa. At York, by Mr. Wilson. 


Hypenodes costestrigalis. At York, by Mr. Wm. 
Simmons. 


Ebulea crocealis. At Edlington, August 4th, Yorkshire 
Naturalists’ Union. 


Spilodes sticticalis. This rather local species is recorded 
from York by Mr. Wilson. 


VARIETIES, ETC. 


It is said, and I believe truly, that a cold, wet, sunless 
season is usually productive of a great many varieties; and this 
year some very interesting forms have occurred. Of the very 
pretty olive-green form of Fhigalia pilosa7ia several were secured 
during spring in the Bradford district; and the same neighbour- 


84 PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1870. 


hood also produced two more Abraxas grossulartata var. 
Varleyata ; whilst Mr. Butterfield took a very peculiar dark 
Larentia multistrigaria at Bingley. Amongst noctue Mr. S. L. 
Mosley obtained a very pale and unusual form of Cymatophora 
fiavicornis in the Black Fir Wood, Huddersfield, which seems to 
be the only variety recorded which was paler than the ordinary 
type. The variety zzfuscata of Xylophasia polyodon was taken by 
myself and others ; an almost jet black specimen from Sheffield 
being about the best I ever saw. And, lastly, a very beautiful 
nearly black specimen of Folia flavocincta was, I believe, the only 
moth of any description that visited the sugared trees. in the 
shrubbery adjoining my house on the night of September 17th. 

During the year Mr. Mosley has issued three more Parts 
(III., IV. and V.) of his “ Illustrations of Varieties of British 
Lepidoptera,” which fully sustain the opinion we gave of them 
last year. The plates of Abraxas grossulariata and A. ulmata 
contained in Part LV. cannot but be pronounced by every unbiassed 
judge as exquisite. 


flighroyd House, Huddersfield. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 85 


YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA In 1880. 


By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., HUDDERSFIELD, 
President of the Entomological Section, 1880. 


The lepidopterists of our county will I think be fully agreed, 
that the season of 1880 was a decided improvement on the several 
years preceding it ; but even then it has been, taking the county 
through, by no means what it should have been; for in some 
parts—of the West Riding more particularly—complaint has still 
been loud that “there are no moths to be found.” On the other 
hand Mr. Prest, writing from York on August 2oth, said “I have 
taken more insects this year than any season I have collected.” 


The feature of the year has been the occurrence in unusual 
numbers of Ag/lecta occulta in different parts of the county, 
frequently in quite new districts, or else in almost every case in 
places where it had not been seen for many years before. 
Previously indeed it had been a great rarity with us, but last 
August Mr. Prest took at Sandburn near York, as many in one 
night as probably had ever occurred in the county in a whole 
season before. 


The season has been followed by a terribly severe winter, 
one of what our grandfathers term “the old-fashioned sort,” 
though even they all confess to never having experienced its like. 
We seem to have been ice and snow-bound for months; and 
although April is now on us again, it is as cold as it was in 
January. After it we are all expecting a really good season, 
indeed there seems to be a conviction in everybody’s mind that 
such will be the case. May it prove so. 


SPECIES NEW TO THE COUNTY. 


After two years without, another species has been added to 


86 PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. 


the county list, and a very fteresting one, viz. :— 
Mamestra abjecta. 


It is thus announced by Mr. N. F. Dobrée of Beverley, in 
the “ Naturalist” of November last :—‘‘A Yorkshire rarity, I 
believe, is Wamestra abjecta, of which I took eleven at the mouth 
of the Humber in August this year, and to my certain knowledge 
missed three more. From the locality I judge they may be 
always found there. On the same occasion I took the finest 
series of Agrotis cursoria I have ever seen. Both these and 
Ripe are much darker in Yorkshire than are southern specimens. 


NEW LOCALITIES. 


There are only thirteen, the smallest number since the 
record of them was commenced in the Transactions. 


Species. New Localities. Recorder. 
SAE GLIMATOCIOUS noo (OWS 065 goa 000. noo IPRESTES 
Zeuzera escult dex VOT ene A ec ee Vener est: 
Venilia maculata ...Bradtord) sa) ae eee en ©altete 
Ennomos angularia Bradford ... ...  ...J. W. Carter. 
Asthena syluata ...Barnsley ... ...  ...John Harrison. 
Larentia pene Bradford seen Wee @anter 
Thyatira batis ...saltaire, Riediiore ...Wm. Wardman. 
Xanthia silago SoIBTENGHVOINGL Goa! boa soullo Wo Caieue, 
Aplecta occulta panes bod) cosa) obo Wier Jah, lehmevaly: 

5 ... Shipley Glen, Bradford Messrs. Wardman and 

Dawson. 
i 565) a QIN Gane ede ico | cool daly IDOLOS, 
a3 oso \ NMOS) cen oso coalle JDP SlnyooG! Smell. 


Catocala fraxtii@rn. BamMsleya. 2.) arn cave: 


RARITIES IN 1880. 


Four species seem entitled to a position under this heading. 
Of the grand butterfly, Vanessa Antiopa, four examples have 
been noticed—two at York, and two at Bradford. Of the former 
pair, the first was taken on September 17th by Mr. Skilbeck, in a 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. 87 


garden in Holgate; and the other was seen on September 27th in 
Backhouse’s Nurseries by Mr. T. Wilson, but unfortunately not 
captured, although it settled within six yards of him. Nor were 
either of the Bradford specimens secured. Mr. J. W. Carter saw 
one at Lister Park on September 26th; the other was flying and 
resting on geraniums in a garden at Manningham, also in 
September. 


Larentia ruficinctata, already alluded to as new to Bradford, 1s 
a great Yorkshire rarity, and our county is also its most southerly 
range; but it is common enough in many parts of Scotland. 
Aplecta occulta too has already been alluded to at length. It 
seems to have occurred in all parts of the county, but singularly 
we have heard but little of its occurrence in unusual numbers 
elsewhere. Most of the specimens were taken at sugar during 
the third week in August, oddly enough when north-east winds, 
which are usually considered fatal for sugaring purposes, for the 
most part prevailed. Mr. Prest took it in abundance at York, 
though there were previously only about three specimens known 
to have occurred there. The Rev. G. C. B. Madden took it 
at Huddersfield, where it had not been seen for towards twenty 
years. Mr. N. F. Dobrée records thirteen specimens at Hull; 
and there is little doubt it was distributed throughout the county. 


The rarity of the year, Catocala fraxini, was taken in 
beautiful condition by Dr. White at sugar in his own garden at 
Barnsley on September 6th. 


NOTICEABLE RECORDS. 


These include several very interesting species, as will be seen 
from the following list. 


Thecla W-allbum. I again found this species tolerably 
conmon in its old locality, Edlington Wood, on July 31st. 


Zeuzera zesculi. A specimen from Mapplewell near 
Barnsley, is recorded by Mr. W. D. Roebuck. 


Cossus ligniperda. Is reported from Barnsley ; and was 


88 PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. 


also found in the larval state on the occasion of the Union’s 
Excursion to Market Weighton, September 4th. 


Trichiura crateegi. Larve recorded at York by Mr. T. 
Wilson. 


Poecilocampa populi. Found in the larval state at 
Edlington Wood by. Mr. T. Wilson; and Mr. J. W. Speck took 
an imago on a lamp post at Leeds in November. 


Pericallia syringaria. At York by Mr. Prest; also from 
Barnsley. 


Ennomos erosaria. At York by Mr. T. Wilson. 


Amphydasis prodromaria. Bred by Mr. S. D. Bair-. 
stow from a pupa dug at Edlington Wood the previous autumn. 


Boarmia roboraria. Several at Bishops Wood in July, 
by Mr. Prest. 


Geometra papilionaria. At York by Mr. Prest. 


Asthena sylvata. Very abundant at Edlington Wood in 
June, by Messrs. John Harrison and W. Prest. 


Venusia cambricaria. At Wharncliffe, Mr. C. Smethurst. 
Acidalia immutata. York, Mr. T. Wilson. 


Eupithecialariciata. At Huddlestone, Mr. C. Smethurst; 
and at Wentbridge, Mr. George Tyers. 


E. pimpinellata and E. fraxinata. At York by Mr. T. 
Wilson. 
E. indigata. Abundant at York by Mr. Prest. 


Lobophora lobulata. Also abundant at York by Mr. Prest. 
Hypsipetes ruberata. At York by Mr. Wilson. 


Melanippe hastata. Exceedingly plentiful this season. 
At New Park Spring Wood near Cudworth, by Messrs. C. W. 
Richardson and others on the occasion of the Union’s Excursion 
to Barnsley on June r2th; also at Edlington Wood by Messrs. 
John Harrison and W. Prest; Wharncliffe, Mr. C. Smethurst; &c. 


Scotosia undulata. At York by Mr. Prest 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. 89 


Eubolia cervinaria. Wetherby, Mr. Smethurst. 
Notodonta dicteea. At York by Mr. T. Wilson. 


N. dictzeoides. At Lunn Wood, Barnsley, June 21st, by 
Mr. W. E. Brady; and at York by Mr. Prest. 


N. dromedarius. At Edlington Wood, Doncaster, by 
myself; and larve rather commonly at Wakefield, by Mr. C. W. 
Richardson. 


N.trepida. At York by Mr. Prest. 


N. chaonia. Bred by myself from larve taken at Edlington 
the previous autumn. 


Cymatophora fluctuosa. At Barnsley again; also at 
Wharncliffe Woods as usual, Mr. C. Smethurst. 


Acronycta tridens and A. leporina. Both at York by 
Mr. Wilson. 
Hydreecia petasiitis. Wakefield, Mr. C. Smethurst. | 


Xylophasia scolopacina. Taken freely at sugar in Haw 
Park, Wakefield, by Mr. C. W. Richardson and others. 


Celzena Haworthii. Noticed in great abundance by 
myself amongst cotton grass on the damp moors at Marsden in 
September. 

Agrotis saucia. Taken at sugar, October 2oth, at York, 
by Mr. Wilson. 

A. agathina. Larvz at Meanwood near Leeds, Mr. W. H. 
Taylor. 

Trachea piniperda. Near Blackmoor, Leeds, by Mr. 
Walter Buckton. 


Orthosia suspecta. ‘Taken in great plenty at Sandburn, 
York, by Mr. Prest; also less commonly at Butter Nab Wood, 
Huddersfield, by the Rev. G. C. B. Madden and myself in August. 


Dasypolia templi. This species, after having been scarce 
for some years, again turned up plentifully around Huddersfield. 
Some hundreds must have been taken. I myself had sixty-two 
specimens brought to me. 


go PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. 


Aplecta herbida. At York by Mr. Prest. 

Pyralis glaucinalis. At York by Mr. Wilson. 

Scoparia basistrigalis. I again took this species in 
Edlington Wood on July 31st, but not so freely as in the previous 
year. 


S. truncicolalis. In abundance at Sandburn Wood, York, 
in August by Mr. Prest. 


S. coarctalis. Taken at Blake Lee, Marsden, at the 
Union’s Excursion there on Bank Holiday, August 2nd. 


Cryptoblabes bistriga. Taken at rest on an oak at 
York by Mr. Wilson. 


VARIETIES, ETC. 


Usually Yorkshire is well represented in extreme aberrations, 
but this year there has evidently been a dearth, as we have heard 
of no extraordinary forms having turned up. In spring the 
unicolorous very dark form of Hybernia progemmaria was again 
common at Huddersfield, and Mr. S. L. Mosley has named it 
variety fuscata. Mr. Richardson says it also occurs freely in the 
Wakefield district. A very dark olive, in some cases nearly black 
form of Phigalia pilosaria too, appears to be getting commoner ; 
several occurred at Leeds to Messrs. Smethurst and Henry Marsh, 
and also rather commonly at Bradford to Messrs. J. W. Carter 
and Hodgson. Another interesting discovery I made through 
correspondence with Mr. W. F. Kirby, is that the form of Polza 
fiavocincta which is abundant in the Huddersfield district, and no 
doubt in other parts of the county, is not the ordinary type of the 
species, but the variety mer¢dionalis of Boisduval, a variety which 
had not previously been recorded as occurring in Britain at all. 
A somewhat analogous case occurs in Scoparia Zellert. It is now 
generally admitted that this is merely a variety of Scoparza cembre, 
and singularly the Huddersfield specimens, of which I have taken 
many hundreds, seem to be nearly all of the form Ze//er7, the few 
exceptions being still another variety, viz.:—Dr. F. B. White’s 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


PORRITT : YORKSHIRE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA IN 1880. on 


scotica. 1am douLtful if the ordinary type (cembre) occurs in 
Huddersfield district at all, and should be pleased to see specimens 
from other parts of the county with a view of ascertaining what its 
range with us really is. In conclusion, I would ask the members 
of our section to make careful observations and notes in case of 
any persistent local variations they may come across. The study 
is a much more useful one, and surely as interesting, as the breeding 
of odd extraordinary varieties, whose chief value to their possessors 
depends entirely on neither themselves nor anyone else being able 
to capture or breed similar ones. 


THE YORKSHIRE LIST. 


We had hoped to have had this out by this time, but had 
miscalculated the time it would take to get in all the district-lists 
and records, which have been constantly accumulating, and in the 
end the delay will undoubtedly have been an equal gain to the 
list and consequently to the members of our Union. 


Highroyd House, Huddersfield, April, r88r. 


92 VORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA : 


deVUMID) Ibs Ole Seiwa, 
BASED UPON OBSERVATIONS MADE IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 
BY 
Sas SR ATRS ROW ANeEaiaSe 


Of Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony, formerly Secretary of the Entomological 
Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists Union ; 


W. DENISON ROEBUCK, LEeps, 
JSoint-Secretary of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ; 
AND 
THOMAS WILSON, York. 


[Since the publication of my last report good work has been 
done in the investigation of the insects of this order in Yorkshire, 
the result, being that the present paper is the means of adding to 
the previously known fauna of the county about a hundred 
species, the bulk of them being Tenthredinidz and Ichneumonide 
The great preponderance of these additions we owe to the labours 
of our new collaborator, who has for three seasons diligently and 
successfully worked the country which lies within about 6 miles 
west and south-west of the city of York. Portions of the results 
have been published by him in the Naturalist and the Entomolo- 
gist; these records are incorporated, in order that the papers in 
the present Transactions may include the whole of what is known 
upon Yorkshire Hymenoptera, in continuation of my first report. 
—W. D. R.] 


family TENTHREDINIDA—Sawiflies. 


[In the Entomologist for April, 1881, vol. xiv., pp. 88—91, 
Mr. Thomas Wilson published a paper entitled ‘“Tenthredinidze 
near York,” in which he placed on record the results of his 
investigations in 1879 and 1880. To these are added in the 
present list numerous records made by him in 1881, which have 
not before been published. The Sawflies which he collected 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 93 


were determined for him by Mr. J. B. Bridgman, and some by 
Mr. E. A. Fitch. The list includes also records of species which 
have been named for myself by Mr. Peter Cameron. 

The list of Yorkshire Tenthredinidz having been very much 
enlarged through Mr. Wilson’s labours I have judged it advisable 
to present here a complete catalogue of the known Yorkshire 
species, distinguishing with a cross (x) those which appear for 
the first time, and referring to my past report in the case of those 
before recorded. It is the more necessary to give the complete 
list on account of certain rectifications in the nomenclature of my 
first report which are required. The arrangement and nomen- 
clature are according to Mr. Cameron’s catalogue of British 
Tenthredinidz.—W. D. R.] * 

TENTHREDINA. 
Tenthredo livida Z. See first list, p. 27: second list, p. 64. 


At York in 1879 and 1880, occurred amongst the tall rank 
herbage which grows luxuriantly along ditch-sides. In such 
places Heracleum sphondylium and Sptrea ulmaria grow, and it 
is fond of settling on the leaves of those plants (Wilson, Entom., 
p. 89). 

Abundant about. Huddersfield and Edlington Wood near 
Doncaster, where it was noticed in August, 1879: specimens 
collected by Mr. Bairstow in these localities were named by Mr. 
Cameron (Roebuck). 


xT. atra Z. One specimen near York, 1879 or 1880: 
(Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
T. zonata 7: See first list, p. 27. 
xT. bicincta Z. Four examples (two males and two 
females) of this pretty species taken near York in 1881, on flowers 
of Heracleum sphondylium (Wilson). 
T. mesomela Z.=viridis AZ. nec Z. 


Mr. Cameron informs me that the records given in the first 
list (see p. 27 of this vol.) under the name of 7. wridrs L., are 
in all probability referable to this species (W. D. R.) 


94 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


One specimen occurred near York in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, 
Ent., p. 90). / 
x T. olivacea AZ. Specimens collected near Huddersfield 
by Mr. S. D. Bairstow in 1879 were named by Mr. Cameron. _ 


xT. punctulata A/Z Was common round York during 
1880 and was found in similar situations to Z! /zvzda (Wilson, 
Ent., p. 89). 
x T. gibbosa 7a//. ‘Two specimens taken near York, 1879 
or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 
x Tenthredopsis dimidiata 7a. Two in Acomb Wood 
near York, 1881 (Wilson). 
xT. scutellaris 7a. ~ York, 1881, captured four in oak 
wood (Wilson). 
T. nassata (Z.) See first list, p. 27 (as Pertneura nassata). 
York, I found this insect in similar situations to Z: vida. 
In 1879 I took two specimens and might have taken more, but 
thought it was a common species. I did not see any during 
1880, though I looked for it several times (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
Two examples in 1881, at Holgate (Wilson). 
x Pachyprotasis rape (Z.) ‘Two examples near York in 
1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 


Macrophya blanda (fad.) See first list, p. 27. 
M. neglecta (A/.) See first list, p. 27. 
Two specimens of this handsome species—male and female 


——Acomb Wood, 1881 (Wilson). 


x Allantus tricinctus (/ad.) Three specimens found near 
York in 1879, on the umbels of Hevacleum sphondylium (Wilson, 
Ent., p. 90). | 

A. arcuatus (/erst.)=nothus (47/.) See first list, p. 27 
(under names of Zenthredo arcuatus and Allantus nothus). 

Six specimens found near York in 1879, on the umbels of 
Heracleum sphondylium (Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882), Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 95 


x Sciopteryx costalis Fuad. 
Taken near Leeds in the spring of 1879 by the late W. P. 
Weston. For this record I am indebted to Mr. E. A. Fitch, who 

named the specimens (Roebuck). 


x Athalia ancilla Zes. York, 1881, I met with seven of 
this interesting species. It occurs singly on a variety of plants 
round this neighbourhood (Wilson). 


A. spinarum (/ad.) See first list, p. 27. 


A. rose (Z.) See first list, p. 27, second list, p. 64. Two 
specimens taken near York in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 

Dolerus pratensis (Z.) See first list, p. 28. One, 
Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 

D. lateritius AZ. See first list, p. 28. 


xD. palustris AZ One near York in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson 

Ent., p. 90). 

D. gonager AZ. See first list, p. 28. 

Taken near Leeds in the spring of 1879 by the late W. P. 
Weston, and named by Mr. E. A. Fitch (Roebuck). 

Huddersfield specimens taken by Mr. S. D. Bairstow in 1879, 
named by Mr. P. Cameron (Roebuck). 

One specimen near York in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


D. niger (Z.) See first list, p. 28. York, 1881, two 
specimens found in wood (Wilson). 


xD. cenchris 7g. Taken near Leeds in the spring of 
1879 by the late W. P. Weston and named by Mr. E. A. Fitch 
(Roebuck). Near York, 1879 or 1880, four specimens amongst 
nettles (Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 

x Peecilosoma submutica Zhoms. Holgate, 1881, two 
examples (Wilson). 

x P. excisa Zhoms. 

A specimen taken at Storthes Hall near Huddersfield in 
1879 by Mr.S. D. Bairstow is pronounced by Mr. Peter Cameron 
and M. Ed. André to belong to this species (i E.M.M., xvi. 
I19, and xvi. 250, April 1880). 


96 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


x Taxonus equiseti (7al/.) Holgate, 1881, bred from 
Rosa canina stems, having pupated in the pith (Wilson). 


xT. glabratus (/a//.) Holgate, 1881, flying amongst 
poplars (Wilson). 
x Emphytus cinctus (Z.) Near York in 1879 and 1880, 
found amongst briars (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
E.carpini 7g. See first list, p. 28. 
x E. perla AZ. York, 1879: I have also taken two examples 
of Emphytus perla K\., which, Mr. Bridgman says, is very rare. 
I do not remember where I got them, but think I beat them out 


with larvee, as I found them in my room (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


x Ccenoneura dahlbomi Zzoms. Mr. Peter Cameron 
informed me in 1879 that he has specimens from North Yorkshire 
(Roebuck). 


Selandria serva (7aé.) See first list, p. 27, second list, 
p. 64. The S. dorsalis of Stephens, mentioned at p. 27, is also 
probably referable to this species, as Mr. Cameron informs me 
(Roebuck). 

Near York, three specimens bred in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, 
Ent., p. 90). 


x S. flavescens (A/.) Near York, bred in 1879 or 1880, 
“two specimens of what I take to be Selandria flavescens K\.” 
(Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 

S. stramineipes (A7.) See second list, p. 64. 


x Eriocampa ovata (Z.) Two examples amongst alders 
near York in June, 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


x E.annulipes(A7.) From poplars, Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 
E, adumbrata (A7.) See first list, p. 28. 
Blennocampa pusilla (AZ) See first list, p. 28. 

B. alchemillee Cam. See first list, p. 28. 

x B. nigrita (Fad. =nigerrima (47. ) 


One example of Monophadnus nigerrimus (K1.) occurred near 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1882). Series D 


PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 57 


Orthotrichum leiocarpum 2. & S York, R. S. 


O. Sprucei Afont, Trees by Derwent, near Kirkham, M. B. S. 
Near York, frequent, R. S. 
Tetraplodon angustatus Z. 7i/. Bog near Cottingham, R.T. 


Ephemerum (=Piascum) serratum Schred. 
Beverley, R. T. ' York, in gardens, R. S. 


Physcomitrium pyriforme Z. 
York, R.S. Brantingham, H. F. P. 


Entosthodon ericetorum Za/s. Langwith Moor, R. S. 
Funaria fascicularis Dicks. Langwith Moor, R. S. 

F. hygrometrica Z. Everywhere, R.S. Welton, &c., H. F. P. 
Philonotis fontana Z. M. B.S. 

P. calcarea 2. & S. Newbald, H. F. P. 


Breutelia arcuata Dicks. 
Houghton Moor (Withering). Langwith Moor, R. S. 


Webera nutans Schred. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


W. annotina Hedw. Sand Hall near Howden, and Holme, 
H. F. P. Langwith Moor (in fruit), R. S. 


W. carnea Z. York, R.S. Holme and Welton, H. F. P. 
W.albicans Wahl. Langwith Moor, R.S. Skipwith, H. F. P. 
Bryum pendulum ornsch. Walls near York, rare, R. S. 
B. inclinatum Swartz. Walls near River Derwent, R. S. 

B. uliginosum Bruch. Heslington Fields, R. S. 

B. bimum Schred. With last, R. S. 
B 


. erythrocarpum Schwe. 
Barmby and Woodhouse Moors, R. S. 


. atro-purpureum JV. & JZ. Langwith Moor, R. S. 

. ceespititium Z. York, R.S. Weltonand Holme, H. F. P. 
mangsenteum 4. York, éc, KR. S; | Welton, Hy FB. P: 

. capillare Z. York, Elvington, &c., R.S.  Ricqaill, H. F. P. 
. pallens Swartz. Langwith Moor and Heslington, R. S. 


DWWwWw Dy 


E5 


58 PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 


Mnium undulatum /edw. Hedgerows, sterile, R. S. 
Brough, H. F. P. 
M. rostratum Schrad. Woods, R.S. Holme, H. F. P. 
M. hornum Z. Woods towards Derwent, R. S. 
Cliff and Welton, H. F. P. 
M. punctatum //edw.- Bog near Heslington, R. S. 
Ginn Tel 18, 12. 
Aulacomnium androgynum Z. Langwith Moor, R. S. 


ILyomevel, Jel, IP, IP 
A. palustre Z. Langwith Moor, R. S. 


Riccall Common (in fruit), H. F. P. 
Tetraphis pellucida Z. Kennythorpe Moor, M. B. S. 
Langwith Moor, in fruit, R.S. Cliff Wood, H. F. P. 


Atrichum undulatum Z. York, R.S. Cliff, H. F. P. 
Pogonatum nanum Weck, Langwith Moor, R. S. 

P. aloides Hedw. Langwith Moor, R. S. 

P. urnigerum Z. York, sandy hollows, R. S. 
Polytrichum formosum Aedw. Woods east of York, R. S. 


P. piliferum Scived. Barmby, Langwith, and other Moors, R.S. 


lsfomanve, Jel, la, JP, 
P. juniperinum edw. 


Barmby, Langwith, and other Moors, R.S. Riccall, H. F. P. 
P. commune Z. Barmby, Langwith, and other Moors, R. S. 
lalojlre, Jelo Im, 12 
(P. gracile should be looked for.) 
Fissidens bryoides Aedw. York, R.S. 


Cliff and Welton, H. F. P. 
F. incurvus Schwg. York, R.S. 


F. adiantoides Hedw. Banks of Ouse and Derwent, R. S. 


Drewton, H. F. P. 
F. taxifolius Z. Near Howsham, M. B. S. 


Welton and North Duffield, H. F. P. 
Cinclidotus fontinaloides Hedw. Streams running to Derwent, 

R. S. River Ouse, Barlby, H. F. P. 
Fontinalis antipyretica Z. Brough, H. F. P. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 59 


Cryphzea heteromalla edw. Sledmere and Flambro’, 
M. B.S. Brantingham and Market Weighton, H. F. P. 
Leucodon sciuroides Z. York, R.S. Howsham, M. B.S. 
Howden, H. F. P. 
Neckera crispa Z. Woodale near South Cave, H. F. P. 
N. complanata Z. Woods near York, R. S. 
Homalia trichomanoides Scireb. Woods by Derwent, R. S. 
Cliff Wood, H. F. P. 
Myrinia pulvinata Wad. East bank of Ouse below York, R. S. 
Leskea polycarpa Zvrh. Beverley, R. T. 
Near Laysike, M. B.S. Riccall, H. F. P. 


Thuidium tamariscinum Hedw. York, &c., R. S. 
North Duffield, H. F. P. 
Thamnium alopecurum Z. Woods near York, R.S. ~ 
Cliff Wood and Beverley, H. F. P. 


Climacium dendroides Z. Bog near Heslington, R. S. 
Skipwith, H. F. P. 


Pylaisia polyantha Schred. York, R. S. 

lsothecium myurum fol, York, R.S. Cliff Wood, H. F. P. 

Homalothecium sericeum Z. Sledmere, &c., M. B. S. 
Barlby, H. F. P. 


Camptothecium lutescens Huds. York and Kirkham, R.S. 
Welton; sre he 

Scleropodium czespitosum Jiis. 
York, on tree roots by River Ouse, R. S. 


Brachythecium glareosum 2. & S. 
Near York, frequent, R. S. 


B. albicans /Veck. York and Grimston, R.S. Holme, H. F. P. 
B. velutinum Z. Eddlethorpe, M. B.S. Riccall, H. F. P. 


B. rutabulum Z. Sledmere, &c., M. B. S. 
Welton, &c;, He i. 2 
B. populeum fedw. Kirkham, R. S. 


Eurhynchium myosuroides Z. Firby Wood, R. S. 
Recall, Tel, 185 12 


60 PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING, 


Eurhynchium striatum Schreb. Hedgebanks, R. S. 
Riccall and Welton, H. F. P. 
E. piliferum Sczred. Firby Wood, R.S. Brantingham, H. F. P. 
E. Swartzii Zurn. Shady banks, east of York, R. S. 
Holme and Brough, H. F. P. 
E. prelongum 27/7. Kirkham, Langwith, &c., R. S. 


Welton and Riccall, H. F. P. 
E. Teesdalii Svzzth. Beverley, R. T. 


Rhynchostegium depressum Bruch. Firby Wood, R.S. 
R. confertum Dicks. Firby Wood, R. S. Riccall, H. F. P. 


R. murale Hedw. Westow, &c., R. S. Burythorpe, M. B.S. 
Ellerker, H. F. P. 

R. rusciforme Wes. River Derwent, Kirkham, &c., R. S. 
Welton yok erek: 


Plagiothecium denticulatum Z. Langwith, &c, R.S. 
ILquiovel, Jel, 1812. 


P. Borrerianum Sruce (=elegans Aucz. non Hooker). 
Cliff Wood, H. F. P. 
P. sylvaticum Z. Sledmere, M. B. S. 


P. undulatum Z. 
Cliff Wood and Holme, H. F. P. Elvington, R. S. 
Amblystegium serpens Z. 
Eddlethorpe, M. B-S. Drewton, H. F. P. 
A. irriguum Wiis. 
Kirkham Locks, R. S. Near Welham, M. B. S. 
A. riparium Z. Heslington Fields, R.S. Brantingham, H. F. P. 
Hypnum aduncum edw. Barmby Moor, R. S. 
H. Sendtneri .Sc#s. Newbald and Skipwith, H. F. P. 
H. fluitans Z. Skipwith, H. F. P. 
H. filicinum Z. Kennythorpe Moor, M. B.S. York, R.S. 
Welton, I. Fy P: 


Trans. Y.N.U,, 1879. Series E 


PARSONS’ MOSS FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING. 61 


Hypnum commutatum Aedw. Drewton, H. F. P. 
H. imponens Zedw. Skipwith Common, H. F. P. 


H. cupressiforme Z. Birdsall, Howsham, &c., M. B.S. 
IRCA, ees, Isl id, 125 
kK. Fesupinatum. York, R.S. Kelfield, Ht. FP. P: 


H. molluscum Aedw. Woods near the Derwent, R. S. 
Welton, H. F. P. 
H. palustre Z. Laysike, M. B. S. 


H. Sommerfelti 477. 
Kirkham Woods and Abbey, M. B.S. and R. S. 


H. chrysophyllum 477d. Kirkham, R. S. 


H. stellatum Sc#7eb. Bog in Heslington Fields, R. S. 
Inoue, Isl, 1k, 12, 
H. polygamum &. & S. Bog in Heslington Fields, R. S. 


H. cordifolium fedw. Bog in Heslington Fields, R. S. 
Bevedley, IR, Il 
H. cuspidatum Z. Meadows, &c., R.S. 
In fruit at Holme and Brantingham, H. F. P. 


H. Schreberi £77. Langwith Moor, R. S. 
In fruit at Holme, H. F. P. 


H, purum Z. York, &c., R.S. In fruit at Sledmere, M. B.S. 
\Wyeslivora, Jel, Ins IE. 
H. stramineum Dicks. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


H. scorpioides Z. Riccall Common, H. F. P. 


Hylocomium splendens Di//. Heaths east of York, R. S. 
Ipey iran: ake IelOlone, ISL 1, IP, 
H. squarrosum Z. Meadows, &c., R. S. 
Welton and Holme, H. F. P. 
H. triquetrum Z. Woods near York, R.S. 
In fruit at Holme, H. F. P. 


oo >—__—_. 


62 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


LIVERWORTS (HEPATIC) OF THE EAST 
RIDING. 


By RICHARD SPRUCE, Pu.D., F.R.G.S., 


CONEYSTHORPE, MALTON. 


Plagiochila asplenioides Z. Woods by the Ouse and - 

Derwent, R. S. Welton Dale, H. F. Parsons. 
Lophocolea bidentata Z. 

Shady banks near York and elsewhere, R. S. 

L. heterophylla Schrad. Decaying tree-stumps in Sledmere 

Woods, fruiting abundantly, M. B. Slater. 


Scapania resupinata Z.? (Dumort. Ekart. Carringt.; SS. 
nemorosa, Syn. Hep. exp.,; S. gracilis Lindberg). 


Woods near the Derwent, R. S. 
Diplophyllum albicans Z. Banks, everywhere, R. S. 
D. obtusifolium ook. Langwith Moor, in fine fruit, R. S. 
Var. elegantula S., folds spinuloso-dentatis, areolatione 
guttulata. _ Langwith Moor, R. S. 
Jungermannia exsecta Schmid. Langwith Moor, R. S. 
J. incisa Schrad. Langwith Moor, R. S. 
J. inflata Huds. On all wet moors, mostly sterile, but fruiting 
on Langwith Moor, R.S., and Skipwith Common, H. F. P. 
J. ventricosa Dicks. Langwith and other moors, R. S. 
Beverley, R. Teesdale. 
J. capitata Hook. Langwith Moor, in fruit, R. S. 
J. bicrenata Schmid. Langwith Moor, in fruit, R. S. 
Mylia Taylori ook. Langwith and Barmby Moors, R. S. 
Nardia scalaris Schrad. 
Sandy and heathy situations around York, R. S. 
Chiloscyphus polyanthus Z. Skipwith Common, H. F. P. 
Odontoschisma sphagni Dicks. (Sphagnecetis, Syn. Hep.). 
Barmby and other moors, R. S. 
Cephalozia Francisci Hook. Langwith and Barmby Moors, 
in fruit, which is very rare, R. S. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


SPRUCE: LIVERWORTS OF THE EAST RIDING. 63 


Cephalozia divaricata Sm. 
Moors and moist shady banks near York, R. S. 
C. multiflora Spruce. (Jung. connivens auctorum Anglorum, 
pro parte, nec Dicks.) Houghton Moor, R. T. 
Heaths, creeping on Sphagnum; Langwith, &c., R. S. 
C. bicuspidata Z. Moist shady places, everywhere, R. S. 
Lepidozia reptans Z. Heathy woods by the Derwent, R. S. 
L. setacea Wed. Langwith and Barmby Moors, R. S. 
Blepharozia pulcherrima offm. (Prilidium ciliare L., var. 
ertcetorum Syn. Hep.) Langwith Moor, R. S. 
Houghton Moor, in fruit, R. T. Skipwith, H.F.P. 
Kantia (Calypogeia Raddi; Syn. Hep.) trichomanis Z. 
Heathy banks near York, R. S. 
Scalia (Haplomitrium Nees) Hookeri Zyel/. 
Barmby Moor, in fruit, very rare; 5th Nov., 1842, R. S. 
Fossombronia pusilla Z. With the last, R. S. 
Radula complanata Z. On trees, everywhere, R. S. 
Frullania dilatata Z. On trees, especially in orchards, R. S. 
Pellia epiphylla Z. Shady ditch-banks, everywhere, R. S. 
P. calycina Zay/. Banks of Derwent, R. S. 
Aneura multifida Z. Kelfield, H. F. P. 
Wet banks and rotting wood, York, &c., R. S. 
A. pinguis Z. 
Banks of Ouse and Derwent, margins of brick ponds, &c., R. S. 
Metzgeria furcata Z. Common on trees, R. S. 
Lunularia cruciata Z. On garden paths, &c., near York, R. S._ 
Marchantia polymorpha Z. Common in shady places, 
especially on burnt earth and charred wood, R. S. 
Reboulia hemispheerica Aadadz. Firby Wood, on stones, R. S. 
Conocephalus (fegatel/la Raddi) conicus Z. 

Near York, under bridges, at the mouth of wells, &c., R. S. 
Spherocarpus terrestris Z. Beverley, in fallow fields, R. T. 
Riccia natans Z. Ditches and ponds near Beverley, R. T. 

R. fluitans Z. With the preceding, R. T. Howden, H. F. P. 
R. glauca Z. Riccall, H. F. P. 


> 2/ea—<_ 


64 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORT 
BOTANICAL SECTION: 
IS 708), 

By WILLIAM WEST, Braprorp, 


Secretary of the Section. 


The Section has unfortunately to regret the loss of its best 
member during the year—in fact no other than our hardworking 
Secretary, Dr. Parsons, who has left Yorkshire ; and it is hoped 
that the loss of such an active botanist as he undoubtedly was, 
will stimulate the other members of the Section to try to make up 
his loss by working more vigorously and striving to emulate his 
example. It is also hoped that his services to the Union will be 
recognised. * 

The usual six meetings have been held at the following places 
during the year :—Ingleton, on April 14th ; Harrogate, on May 
toth; York, on June znd; Hebden Bridge, on July roth; 
Doncaster, on August 4th; and Riccall, on September 4th. 

INGLETON, MAY I4TH, 1879. 

This was a highly successful meeting, especially with regard 
to cryptogamic plants, for the following reasons :—The district is 
a particularly rich one, being almost entirely of a mountainous 
character, and a small party had been searching the neighbourhood 
for a few days previous to the meeting. The ground explored on 
the day of the ramble was the ascent of Ingleborough from 
Ingleton and the district lying immediately about Ingleton, 


* Since the above was written, Dr. Parsons’ services have been 
recognised by his being chosen the first Honorary Life Member of the 
Union. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 65 


including Weathercote Cave. In addition to this, the small party 
above-mentioned had worked about the Moorcock Inn, near 
Hawes Junction, thence over Baugh Fell, down the Rawthey 
Valley to Sedbergh, then over the Howgill Fells, round Cautley 
Spout, and back again to Sedbergh, thence to Dent, through 
Deepdale and up the western slope of Whernside to the summit, 
the descent being made through Kingsdale to Ingleton. There 
were not a large number of flowering plants seen, for, in addition 
to the early time of the year being against the observance of a 
large number, the protracted winter had hardly yet left the 
district, all the hilltops being more or less covered with ice and 
snow. Representatives of all the kinds of soils mentioned in 
the supplement to last year’s report were met with in this 
ramble, and a large number of the plants enumerated as charac- 
teristic of these soils were seen. A larger number of cryptogams 
were noticed than phanerogams—an occurrence at our meetings 
without a precedent—only 121 of the latter class being seen, 
whereas 157 of the former were noticed. Among the rarer 
vascular plants seen were several which are found nowhere else 
in the West Riding, as Alchemzlla alpina on the Howgill Fells, and 
Saxifraga oppositifolia on Ingleborough. Among the other rare 
plants observed were Dyvraba muralis, Alsine verna, Rubus 
Chamemorus, Saxifraga aizoides, S. hypnoides, Taxus baccata and 
Sesleria cwrulea. Vascular cryptogams were plentiful, the rarer 
being Hymenophyllum unilaterale, Cryptogramme crispa, Asplenium 
viride, Lycopodium clavatum, L. Selago, L. alpinum and Selaginella 
selaginotdes. 


Mosses were gathered in great variety and luxuriance. Ovtho- 
trichum diaphanum occurred near Hawes Junction, Baugh Fell 
yielded Andreea falcata, Ortholrithum saxatile, Mnium stellare, 
Breutelia arcuata and Polytrichum strictum, while the Rawthey 
Valley produced Ulota intermedia, U. Bruchit and Fissidens 
bryotdes ; but the richest gatherings were made on the curiously 
shaped Howgill Fells, where the Silurian formation was noticed 
to produce quite a change in the flora. Andreea fpetrophila, 


66 VORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Rhabdoweissia fugax, Dicranella squarrosa, Campylopus atro- 
virens, Seligeria recurvata, Grimmia Doniana, Zieria julacea, 
5 species of Rhacomitrium, Amphoridium Mougeotit, Splachnum 
sphericum, Diphyscium foliosum, Fissidens adiantoides, Hedwigta 
ciliata, Pterygophyllum lucens, Hypnum Cossont, 1. ochracewm, FI. 
Jalcatum and HH. brevirostre were among the harvest of mosses 
here gathered. The Dent neighbourhood yielded Selegeria 
pusilla, Barbula tortuosa, Orthotrichum Lyellit, Bartramia Gdert, 
Anomodon viticulosus and Neckera crispa, all in fruit. The 
western slope of Whernside yielded Andreea rupestris, the summit 
Grimmia Donniana, and the southern slope Hypnum loreum, all 
in fruit. On the way between Ingleton and the summit of Ingle- 
borough were found Lucladium verticillatum, Barbula tortuosa, 
Distichium capillaceum, Orthotrichum rivulare, Encalypta ciliata, 
Thutdium tamariscinum, Hylocomium triquetrum and FH. loreum, 
all in fruit, as well as Pseudoleskea catenulata, Orthothecium 
intricatum and Barbula recurvifolia Schpr., in their usual barren 
condition. 


Hepaticee were also plentiful, and included /ungermannia 
Taylort, which was abundant among the grit rocks near the 
summit of Whernside, Axzthelia julacea on the Howegill 
Fells, Madotheca levigata in Deepdale, Reboulia hemispherica, 
Radula complanataand Ptilidium ciliareon Ingleborough, Frullania 
dilatata near Sedbergh, and MWetzgerta furcata, which occurred in 
large patches on the slabs at Cautley Spout. Twenty-three 
species were noticed. 


Lichens were plentiful, 53 species being collected. Lecédea 
geographica was seen in all its beauty on the Silurian slabs of the 
Howgill Fells, the pretty Zecanora parella, Graphis scripta, 
Parmelia perlata, Usnea barbata, Evernia furfuracea and others 
adorned the trunks of the trees, the brittle Solorina saccata was 
fairly plentiful on the soil in the crevices of the limestone rocks 
on both Ingleborough and Whernside, and the grit rocks near the 
“summit of both these hills were decked with the pretty 
Spherophoron coralloides. Parmelia conspersa occurred in fine 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1870. 67 


fruit near Dent, as well as enormous fruiting specimens of 
Peltigera canina; the summit of Baugh Fell yielded Cetrarza 
islandica, lower down the same hill yielded Sguamaria saxicola, 
Lecidea decolorans and Umbilicaria proboscidea. 

Fungi were of course out of season and very few were 
noticed, Polyporus versicolor, Agaricus velutipes, Lypoxylon 
fuscum, Cucurbitaria cupularts and fHelotium aeruginosum being 
among those that were seen. 

Algee were rather neglected, Chrodlepus aureum, Oscillatorta 
rupestris, Cymbella ventricosa and Nostoc sphericum being the 
best that were seen. 

Mr. Isaac Hindsonof Kirby Lonsdale presented to the section 
a list of the rarer plants he had observed in the neighbourhood.* 


HARROGATE, MAY IOTH, 1879. 

The district explored at this ramble, besides the immediate 
neighbourhood of Harrogate, included the rocky district about 
Pateley Bridge, the Permian limestoneof Knaresborough, Greenhow 
and Markington. ‘The district investigated consisted chiefly of 
the coal measures and Permian strata. The vascular plants - 
observed were 133, and among them were many uncommon 
plants, the more noteworthy being Hed/eborus viridis, Stellaria 
nemorum, Alsine verna, Saxifraga hypnotdes, Vaccinium Vitts-tdea, 
V. Oxycoccos and Hymenophyllum unilaterale. 

Ninety-one Mosses were obtained, including Diécranum 
magus (ft.), Lucladium verticillatum (ft.), Barbula papillosa, Ulota 
intermedia (ft.), Webera carnea, Bryum pallens (ft.), Mnium. 
serratum, M. stellare, Pterygophyllum lucens (ft.), Leskea polycarpa, 
Plagiothectum Borrertanum, Amblystegium tirriguum, Hypnum 
stellatum and Hylocomium brevirostre. 


Thirteen species of Hepaticze were found, including fruiting 
specimens of Scapanza undulata and Jungermannia albicans. 

Twenty-one species of, Lichens were noticed, none being 
rare. Larmelia physodes was very abundant on old trees near 


* Since the above was written, the death of Mr. Hindson—on the 22nd 
of July, 1880, ai the age of 74—has been announced, 


68 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Knaresborough, and Lecidea geographica was noticed in a rather 
unusual habitat on gritstone at Markington. 


Fungi were represented by Agaricus umbelliferus, Uredo 
Potentillarum, Rhytisma acerinum and Stegza tices. 

Among the few Algee collected was Lemania fluviatilis. 

Many other things would no doubt have been seen at this 
ramble but for the very backward season. 


YORK, FOR ASKHAM BOG, JUNE 2ND, 1879. 

This meeting was characterised by all the workers investi- 
gating one place only, and consequently the number of species 
observed was hardly as great as if the wider area usually ex- 
amined had been gone over. ‘The greater part of Askham Bog 
consists of a swamp, for the most part covered with small trees ; 
it occupies the surface of a peat bed, resting on a depression of 
clay. ‘The number of vascular plants observed was 182, includ- 
ing many very local species, but had the season been more 
advanced the number observed would have been considerably 
larger. The rarest plant of the bog was Carex paradoxa, which 
occurred in great profusion ; and among other unusual plants were 
Ranunculus Lingua, Stellaria glauca, Vicia lathyrotdes (near 
Acomb), Hottonia palustris, Hydrocharts morsus-rane, Serratula 
tinctoria, Utricularia neglecta, Cladium Mariscus, Carex 
stricta, C. riparia, C. Pseudo-cyperus, Nephrodium Thelypteris and 
Osmunda regalis. 


Forty-onespecies of mosses were observed, none of which were 
veryrare. Hypnumcordifolium was extremely plentiful, also Zetraphis 
pellucida and Amblystegium serpens at the bases of the trunks of 
the trees, also Amblystegium heterocladium, new to Britain. 
Aulacomnium androgynum with pseudopodia was growing on a 
fallen trunk intermingled with Cervatodon purpureus in fruit, the 
striated capsules of the latter making the finder almost certain 
that he had got the extremely rare fruit of Awlacomnium 
androgynum. Climacium dendroides was also plentiful in the 
bog, along with fine fruiting ypnum cuspidatum. 

Several common lichens were noticed, and among the 


Trans.Y,N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 69 


Hepatice collected was Riccia natans, a plant not before noticed 
in the district. 

A few Fungi were noticed, including the rare Dedalea 
confragosa, which was tolerably abundant on willows. 


Algze were plentiful in the ditches and ponds, among those 
collected being Batrachospermum montliforme, Chetophora elegans, 
Oscillatoria nigra, Coleochete scutata, Pandorina morum, Volvox 
&lobator, Closterium moniliforme and Mougeotia genufiexa. 


HEBDEN BRIDGE, JULY IQTH, 1879. 

The success of this meeting would no doubt have been far 
greater if the weather had been more favourable for exploration, 
for rain fell heavily at intervals and hindered the usual vigorous 
observations. Luddenden Dene, Midgley Moor, and the rich 
rocky woods about Hebden Bridge were the places investigated. 
185 vascular plants were seen, the rarer of which were Coryda/zs 
claviculata, Rubus suberectus, Crepts paludosa, Jasione montana, 
Vaccinium Oxycoccos, Scutellaria minor, Lathrea squamaria, Paris 
guadrifolia, Carex remota, Melica nutans, Polypodium Dryopterts, 
P. Phegopteris and Ophioglossum vulgatum. 


Forty-nine species of mosses were observed, including 
Dicranella squarrosa, Dicranum fuscescens, D. majus, Bartramia 
pomiformts, Leptobryum pyriforme, Atrichum crispum, Fontinalis 
sqguamosa and Hyocomium flagellare. 

Some common Hepaticze were noticed, suchas /ungermannia 
barbata and Calypogeta trichomantis. 

Twelve Lichens were noticed, among which were Cefraria 3 
aculeata and dwarfed forms of Spherophoron coralloides. 

A few Fungi were observed, including Uvedo potentillarum 
and Agaricus hypnorum. 

A few Algz were collected, but they were only common 
species. 

DONCASTER, AUGUST 4TH, 1879. 

This was the most successful meeting ever held as regards 
vascular plants, 461 of which were observed. A wide tract of 
ground was investigated, several routes being taken by different 


7O YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


parties. The Permian limestone tract towards Conisborough 
yielded a characteristic set of plants, and sets quite as typical were 
obtained in the district occupied by the Bunter pebble beds, in 
the black boggy ground of the “‘ Cars,” and in the dykes draining 
the “ Cars.” Some of the rarer plants observed were Zhalictrum 
majus, Ranunculus circinatus, R. Lingua, Helleborus viridis, Nuphar 
luteum, Barbarea stricta, Stellaria glauca, Sagina ciliata, Hypericum 
montanum, Ulex nanus, Trifolium striatum, Potentilla argentea, 
Rubus Sprengelit, R. corylifolius, Myriophyllum verticillatum, 
Carduus pratensis, Filago apiculata, Pyrola minor, Hottonia 
palustris, Daphne Laureola, Typha angustifolia, the four Lemne, 
Stratiotes aloides, Cladtum Mariscus, Scarpus fluitans, Carex 
Pseudo-cyperus and Apera Spica-venti. 

Twenty-one species of mosses were collected, including 
Barbula Hornschuchiana and FPogonatum nanum. 

A few common Hepatice and Lichens were collected. 

Among the fungi collected were Melampsora populina, Tilletia 
cartes, Uredo Circee, and Trichobasis suaveolens. 

Few Algze were collected, though no doubt this is a district 
that would well repay working. A/ragilaria capucina was very 


abundant. 
SELBY AND RICCALL COMMON, SEPTEMBER 4TH, 1879. 


This was a very successful ramble. The districts explored 
were a large, wet, sandy expanse of land called Riccall and Skip- 
with Commons, the neighbourhood of Kelfield, and the river bank 
from Selby to Turnhead. 313 vascular plants were noticed, the 
rarer of which were Zhalictrum flavum, Stellaria glauca, Radtola 
millegrana, Drosera intermedia, fypericum dubtum, H. elodes, 
Helosciadium repens Koch, Pimpinella magna, Arctium mazus, 
Bidens cernua, Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Rhinanthus major, 
Mentha Pulegium, Salix ambigua, S. argentea, Utricularia 
vulgaris, the four Lemna, Allium Scorodoprasum and A. vineale var. 
bulbiferum. 

Fifty-four species of Mosses were observed, including 
Sphagnum rigidum var. compactum, S. subsecundum, S. tenellum, 
Pottia minutula and Hypnum tmponens. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. as 


The few Hepatice collected included Riccta glauca. 
A few of the commoner Lichens and Fungi were observed. 


Among the Algz collected were Mougeotia genuflexa, Spiro- 
gyra nitida, Arthrodesmus convergens, Spherozosma vertebratum, 
Euastrum elegans, and many other desmids and diatoms. 


SUMMARY. 

The tabular statement which follows will give an idea of the 
work done at the meetings, the cryptogamic portion still showing 
that our cryptogamic workers need recruits, especially in the in- 
vestigation of Fungi, Lichens, and Algze. It will also be noticed 
that the success of the rambles has been greater than in previous 
years, no fewer than 970 species of plants having been recorded 
at our meetings, and this success ought to encourage us to greater 
efforts in the coming year, 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


72 


TABULAR SUMMARY, 


The following table shows the number of plants recorded at the meetings in 1879. 


CLASS. 


| Flowering Plants 


| Vascular Acrogens \ 


with Characeze 


ele paltlcoomrereeecee ce 


lhichenseeee eee 


Ingleton, 
April 14th. 


Harrogate, 
May toth. 


8 


21 


269 


262 


Doncaster, 
Aug. 4th. 


aN 
on 
NO 


21 


500 


Selby, 
Sep. 4th. 


2054 


Total 
Species 
Recorded 


97° 


Total British Species. 


1603 (about). 
80 is 


572 ” 


1140 i 


Series 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 73 


THE RARER PLANTS OBSERVED AT THE MEETINGS. 


Although there are no new county records of vascular plants 
at the 1879 meetings, a large number of uncommon plants have 
been observed, many of which are very rare. New localities have 
been discovered for many scarce plants. The following list will 


ilustrate the above remarks :— 


Ranunculus circinatus S7é¢4. Doncaster. 
R. trichophyllus Chazx. Doncaster. 

R. Lingua Z. Conisborough. 

Helleborus viridis Z. Conisborough. 
Fumaria pallidiflora Jord. Riccall. 

F. pallidiflora var. Boreei. Cantley. 
Barbarea stricta Azdrz. Doncaster. 
Draba muralis ZL. Near the Moorcock, Hawes Junction. 
Viola lutea Huds. Pateley Bridge. 
Drosera intermedia, Hayne. Riccall. 
Polygala depressa Wender. Doncaster. 
Stellaria nemorum Z. Pateley Bridge. 
S. glauca With. Doncaster and Riccall. 
Alsine verna Bartling. Whernside, Ingleborough and Pateley. © 
Sagina apetala Z. Doncaster. 
Hypericum montanum Z. Cénisborough. 
H. elodes Z. Riccall. 

Rhamnus catharticus Z. York. 

R. Frangula Z. York. 

Ulex nanus Forster. Doncaster. 

Trifolium striatum Z. Doncaster. 


Vicia tetrasperma d@cench. Doncaster. 


E6 


74 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Vicia lathyroides Z. Acomb. 

Geum intermedium £/77. — Airton (Andrews, Soppitt aud 
West). 

Prunus Padus Z. York, Hebden Bridge and Doncaster. 

Alchemilla alpina Z. Howgill Fells. 

Potentilla argentea Z. Cantley and Doncaster. 

Rubus suberectus Azders. Hebden Bridge and Doncaster. 

R. rhamnifolius W. @ MW. Doncaster and Riccall. 

R. leucostachys Sw. Doncaster and Riccall. 

R. macrophyllus Wee var. umbrosus. Doncaster and 
Riccall. 

R. Sprengelii Mere. Doncaster. 

R. Radula Wethe. Doncaster. 

R. Koehleri Wéechze var. pallidus. Doncaster and Riccall. 

R. corylifolius Sm. var. sublustris. Doncaster and Riccall. 

Epilobium obscurum Schreb. Hebden Bridge and Don- 
caster. 

Myriophyllum verticillatum Z. Doncaster. 

M. spicatum Z. Doncaster. 

Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Doncaster and Riccall. 

Bryonia dioica Z. Doncaster. 

Saxifraga oppositifolia Z. Ingleborough. 

Chrysosplenium alternifolium Z. Sedbergh and Pateley. 

Helosciadium nodiflorum Koch. var. repens. Skipwith. 

Pimpinella magna Z. Pateley and Riccall. 

CEnanthe Fhellandrium Zam. York, Doncaster, and Selby. 

Silaus pratensis Zess. York. 

Carduus pratensis Auds. York and Doncaster. 


Arctium majus Schkuhr. Barby. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 75 


Filago apiculata G.Z£.Sm. Cantley. 

Bidens cernua Z. Selby. 

Inula Conyza DC. Askern. 

Crepis paludosa Moench. Hebden Bridge. 

Hieracium gothicum /7zes. Hebden Bridge. 

H. umbellatum Z. Skipwith. 

Campanula glomerata Z. Riccall. 

C. latifolia Z. Doncaster and Riccall. 

Vaccinium Oxycoccos Z. Baugh Fell, Whernside, Hebden 
Bridge, and Pateley. 

V. Vitis-ideea Z. Ingleborough and Pateley. 

Pyrola minor Z. Seat Sandal. 

Chlora perfoliata Z. Conisborough. 

Gentiana Pneumonanthe Z._ Riccall. 

Rhinanthus Crista-galli Z. var. major. Barlby. 

Lathreea squamaria Z. Hebden Bridge. 

Verbena officinalis Z. Conisborough. 

Mentha pulegium Z. Skipwith. 

Scutellaria minor Z. Hebden Bridge. 

Galeopsis versicolor Curt. Doncaster. 

Lamium Galeobdolon Cvantz. Pateley. 

Myosotis repens Don. Doncaster. 

Hottonia palustris Z. York and Doncaster. 

Primula farinosa Z. Ingleton. 

Lysimachia Nummularia Z. Pateley and Doncaster. 

Rumex maritimus Z.  Kelfield. 

R. Hydrolapathum Ads. York and Doncaster. 

Daphne Laureola Z. Edlington Wood. 

Humulus Lupulus Z. Barlby and Doncaster. 


76 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Ulmus suberosa Zvrh. York and Hebden Bridge. 
Myrica Gale Z. York. 

Salix pentandra Z. York and Riccall. 

S. triandra Z. Pateley and Selby. 

S. purpurea Z. Selby. 

S. ambigua Zhrh. York and Riccall. 

S. repens Z. var. argentea. Riccall. 

Pinus sylvestris Z. Riccall. 
Taxus baccata Z. Ingleton. ~ 

Typha angustifolia Z. Doncaster. 

Sparganium minimum /7es. Doncaster. 

Lemna gibba Z. Doncaster and Kelfield. 

L. polyrhiza Z. Doncaster and Kelfield. 

Sagittaria sagittifolia Z. Doncaster. 

Hydrocharis morsus-ranez Z. York and Doncaster. 
Stratiotes aloides Z. Doncaster. 

Orchis pyramidalis Z. Doncaster. 

O. Morio Z. York. 

Convallaria majalis Z. Hebden Bridge. 

Allium Scorodoprasum Z. Selby. 

A. oleraceum Z. Selby. 

A. vineale Z. var. bulbiferum. Selby. 

Colchicum autumnale Z. Selby. 

Cladium Mariscus S7vown. Askern and Askham. 
Carex paradoxa Willd. Askham Bogs. 

C. stricta Good. Askham. 

C. Pseudo-cyperus Z. Doncaster and Askham. 
Sesleria coerulea Scof. Ingleborough. 


Apera Spica-venti Z. Cantley. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879, Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT— 1879. aT 


Melica nutans Z. Hebden Bridge. 

Brachypodium pinnatum Beauv. Conisborough. 

Hymenophyllum unilaterale Wz//d. Pateley & Howgill Fells. 

Cryptogramme crispa Brown. Sedbergh. 

Asplenium viride Auds. Baugh Fell, Ingleborough and 
Whernside. 


Cystopteris fragilis Ber. Ingleton. 

Nephrodium spinulosum Zesv. Doncaster. 

Polypodium Phegopteris Z. Pateley and Hebden Bridge. 

P. Dryopteris Z. Pateley and Hebden Bridge. 

Osmunda regalis Z. Askham Bogs. 

Ophioglossum vulgatum Z. Hebden Bridge. 

Lycopodium alpinum JZ. Whernside, Ingleborough and 
Howgill Fells. 


Selaginella selaginoides Gray. Howgill Fells & Whernside. 
Chara syncarpa Zhuz/. York. 


ALIENS. 


Only commonly occurring plants of this description have 
been noticed. 

MOSSES. 

Mr. C. P. Hobkirk has just issued a supplement to his list of 
West Riding mosses published in 1873, which shows that we have 
some good workers among our bryologists. Some new county 
records have been collected at the meetings of the Union this 
year. The following list comprises the rarer mosses observed at 
the meetings. N. C. R. means new county record. 


Sphagnum rigidum Schgr. var. compactum. Riccall. 
S. subsecundum Wees. Riccall. 

S. tenellum £z7/.  Riccall. 

Andreza petrophila £474. Winder near Sedbergh. 


78 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Andrezea rupestris Z. Whernside and Ingleborough. 

A. falcata Scipr. Baugh Fell: the second Yorkshire locality. 
Gymnostomum rupestre Schwg. Howgill Fells. 

G. curvirostrum Zirh. Howgill Fells. 

Rhabdoweissia denticulata 277d. Howgill Fells. 
Dichodontium pellucidum Z. Baugh Fell. 

Dicranella squarrosa Schvad. Howgill Fells. 
Campylopus atrovirens DelVot. Howgill Fells. 
Seligeria pusilla Hedw. Dent. 

S. recurvata Hedw. Howgill Fells. 

Pottia minutula Sczwg. Selby. 

Eucladium verticillatum Z. Ingleton and Knaresborough. 
Ditrichum flexicaule Sciwg. Whernside and Ingleborough. 
Barbula rigidula Dzcks. Ingleborough. 

B. spadicea JZ7#. Ingleborough. 

B. leevipila Bzi¢d. Dent and Knaresborough. 

B. papillosa W7z/s. Knaresborough. 

Distichium capillaceum Z. Howgill Fells and Ingleborough. 
Encalypta ciliata Hedw. Ingleborough. 

Grimmia trichophylla G7zev. Sedbergh. 

G. Donniana Sm. Whernside. 

Racomitrium heterostichum edw. MHowgill Fells. 
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum ZDzcks. Howgill Fells. 
Amphoridium Mougeotii 4. & S. Brant Fell. 

Ulota intermedia Schr. Rawthey Dale. 

U. Bruchii Aornsch. Rawthey Dale. 

Orthotrichum saxatile 47d. Baugh Fell. 

O. diaphanum Schrad. Hawes Junction and Starbeck. 

O. Lyellii A @& Z Dent. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


= 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 719 


Orthotrichum rivulare Zurn. Ingleton. 

Physcomitrium pyriforme Z.  Pateley. 

Entosthodon Templetoni Z. Howgill Fells. N.C. R. 

Bartramia pomiformis Z. Hebden Valley. 

B. Cederi Gunn. Dent, Pateley, and Baugh Fell. 

Breutelia arcuata Dicks. Baugh Fell and Whernside. 

Leptobryum pyriforme Z. Hebden Valley. 

Webera elongata Dicks. Sedbergh to Dent. 

W. albicans Wahl. Howgill Fells. 

Zieria julacea Scipr. Howegill Fells. 

Bryum pendulum orusch.  Pateley. 

B. pseudo-triquetrum ed. Howegill Fells. 

B. filiforme Dicks. Ingleborough. 

Mnium serratum Schrad. Whernside and Baugh Fell. 

M. stellare Hed. Baugh Fell. 

Aulacomnium androgynum Z. York. 

Atrichum crispum /ames. Hebden Valley. 

Pogonatum urnigerum Z. Howgill Fells. 

Polytrichum gracile J/enz. Baugh Fell. 

P. formosum Hedw. Whernside. 

P. strictum Barks. Baugh Fell. 

Diphyscium foliosum Z. Brant Fell. 

Fissidens adiantoides Hedw. Hawes Junction and Howgill 
Fells. 


Fontinalis squamosa Z. Hebden Valley. 

Hedwigia ciliata Décks. Howgill Fells. 
Pterygophyllum lucens Sm. Howgill Fells. 
Pseudo-leskea catenulata Grid.  Ingleborough. 
Isothecium myurum /o//. Howgill Fells and Pateley. 


80 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Brachythecium glareosum &. & S. Knaresborough and 
Doncaster. 

B. plumosum Swartz. Baugh Fell. 

Eurhynchium crassinervium Zay/. Whernside, York and 
Knaresborough. 

E. Swartzii Zurn. Howgill Fells and Pateley. 

Hyocomium flagellare Dicks. Howgill Fells and Hebden 
Bridge. 

Rhyncostegium murale ed. Ingleton and Pateley. 

Plagiothecium Borrerianum Sgruce. Howgill Fells, Askham 
and Hebden Valley. 

Amblystegium irriguum Wiis.  Pateley. 

Fypnum exannulatum Gimd. Riccall. 

. Cossoni Schfv Brant Fell. N.C. R. 

. falcatum A772. Howgill Fells. 

. imponens ed. Riccall Common. 

. palustre Z. Hawes Junction. 

. ochraceum Zurn. Brant Fell. 

. cordifolium ed York and Riccall. 

H. scorpioides Z. Howgill Fells and Riccall. 


Se 0 SEs Gees Bea Bias & 


Hylocomium brévirostre £472. Baugh Fell and Pateley. 
H. loreum Z. Whernside and Ingleton. 
HEPATICA, 
- The following are the rarer ones found at our meetings:— 
Jungermannia Taylori 00k. Whernside. 
J. julacea Light. Howgill Fells. 
Madotheca platyphylla Dum. Dent. 
Frullania dilatata (ees. Sedbergh. 
F. fFamarisci /Vees. Ingleton. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 81 


Blyttia Lyellii Zv¢. Howgill Fells. 
Reboulia hemisphzerica add. Ingleborough. 
Fegatella conica Corda. Ingleton. 
Riccia glauca Z. Selby. 
R. natans Z. York. 
LICHENS. 
The following are among those collected at our rambles :— 
Spherophoron coralloides fers. Ingleborough, Whernside 
and Baugh Fell. | 
Stereocaulon coralloides /% Ingleborough. 
Cladonia furcata Hofm. Ingleborough and Hawes Junction. 
C. pyxidata /. 
C. cornucopioides 77. Ingleborough. 
C. uncialis Aofm. Baugh Fell and Ingleborough. 
C. rangiferina Hofm. Baugh Fell and Ingleborough. 
Usnea barbata #7. Moorcock, Hawes Junction. 
Evernia prunastri Z. Dent and Hawes Junction. 
E. furfuracea Jann. Dent and Hawes Junction. 
Ramalina farinacea Z. Hawes Junction and Dent. 
R. fraxinea /7zes. Hawes Junction. 
Cetraria islandica Z. Baugh Fell. 
C. aculeata #7. Ingleborough, Whernside and Baugh Fell. 
Peltigera horizontalis Z. Thornton Force. 
P. aphthosa Z. Thornton Force. 
Solorina saccata Z. Kingsdale and Ingleborough. 
Stictina fuliginosa Dzcks. Thornton Force. 
Parmelia caperata Z. Ingleton. 
P. olivacea Z. Baugh Fell and Ingleborough, 
P. physodes Z. Ingleton and Hawes Junction. 


82 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Parmelia perlata Z. Dent and Ingleton. 

P. conspersa Zirh. Hawes Junction and Dent. 
P. omphalodes Z. Whernside and Ingleborough. 
Physcia pulverulenta Schrved. Ingleton. 

P. obscura Zirh. Dent. 

P. stellaris Z. Dent. 

P. ceesia Hoffm. Dent. 

Umbilicaria proboscidea Ach. Baugh Fell. 
Pannaria nigra Huds. Dent. 

Squamaria saxicola /o//. Hawes Junction. 
Placodium murorum /Aofim. Baugh Fell. 
P. candicans Decks. Thornton Force. 
Lecanora ventosa Z. Howgill Fells. 

. aurantiaca Zzghtf. Ingleton. 

. atra Huds. Ingleton. 

. vitellina Ach. Ingleton. 

. subfusca Z. Hawes Junction. 

. cinerea Z. Ingleton. 

. parella Z. Sedbergh. 

. badia Ach. Baugh Fell. 

. ferruginea Huds. Baugh Fell. 


[2 ee pe a a ee rm a 


Pertusaria communis YC. Dent and Ingleton. 
Lecidea decolorans //7z. Baugh Fell. 

. parasema Ach. Ingleton. 

. contigua “7. Pateley and Hawes Junction. 

. contigua /7. var. limitata. Baugh Fell. 


. canescens Dicks. Ingleton. 


Tea Mig lea are Te 


. geographica Z. Howgill Fells and Ingleborough. 
Graphis scripta Ach. Rawthey Dale and Pateley. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. 


Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 83 


Endocarpum miniatum Z. Kingsdale. 
E. fluviatile DC. Kingsdale. 
FUNGI. 

The following are some of the Fungi observed at our 
meetings :— 

Agaricus hypnorum Satsch. Hebden Bridge. 
A. umbelliferus Z.  Pateley. 
A. velutipes Cwurt. Ingleton. 
Polyporus versicolor 77  Ingleton. 
Lycogala epidendrum #7. York. 
Stereum hirsutum /  Pateley. 
Cyathus vernicosus DC. Selby. 
Tilletia caries Zvw/. 
Melampsora populina Zev. Doncaster. 
Uredo Circeee 4. & S. Seat Sandal. 
U. potentillarum DC. Knaresborough and Hebden Valley. 
Trichobasis suaveolens Zev. Doncaster. 
Peziza aurantia /. Selby. 
Helotium eruginosum /7.  Ingleton. 
Stegia ilicis “7. Knaresborough and Sedbergh. 
Rhytisma acerinum #7.  Pateley. 
Hypoxylon fuscum #7. Sedbergh. 
Cucurbitaria cupularis 77 Sedbergh. 

ALGE, 

Among the Algze collected at the meetings were :— 
Lemania fluviatilis 4g. Harrogate. 
Batrachospermum moniliforme Roth. York. 
Cheetophora tuberculosa Hook. York. 
Coleocheete scutata DeBreb. York. 


84 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Mougeotia genuflexa 4g. York and Riccall. 

Spirogyra nitida Dzl/w. Riccall. 

Chroolepus aureum Azz. Baugh Fell. 

Vaucheria cezspitosa 4g. Dent and Markington. 

Oscillatoria rupestris 4g. Ingleton. 

Sirosiphon compactus 7g. Brant Fell. 

Euastrum elegans Gre. Riccall. 

E. oblongum fa/f. Riccall and Markington. 

Cosmarium margaritiferum Zwuzp._ Riccall. 

C. pyramidatum Sve. Riccall. 

Arthrodesmus convergens. Riccall. 

Staurastrum gracile. Riccall. 

S. furcigerum.  Riccall. 

Pieuroteenium baculum 4ved.  Riccall. fe 

Closterium acerosum Sci7. Markington. 

©. costatum Cada. Markington. 

Sphzerozosma vertebratum 7c. Riccall. 

Raphidium polymorphum ves. var. falcatum.  Riccall 
and Markington. 

Scenedesmus quadricauda 47¢._ Riccall. 

Penium Brebissonii Aa/fs. Riccall. 

Fragilaria capucina Desm. York and Doncaster. 

Cymbella ventricosa 4g. Ingleton. 

Gomphonema acuminatum £z%7h. Ingleton. 

Tabellaria flocculosa xg. Riccall. 

Gonium tranquillum £7.  Riccall. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 85 


RECORDS, OTHER THAN THOSE BELONGING TO 
THE MEETINGS, MOSTLY BY MEMBERS. 


NEW COUNTY RECORDS. 


Vice- 
Species. Locality & Observer. County. 
Viola canina Awct..... as air EDs Parsonsyoshe 


Malva moschata Z.... EF. Parsons:  S:E- 
Parsons) oe: 
I, Parsons. $.E. 
F. Parsons. S.E. 
(The localities have not been given for the above). 


Taraxacum officinale Wigs. 


Geranium columbinum Z... 
Euonymus europzeus Z. 


Rosa mollissima W7//d. 


var. erythrospermum ... Gordale. W. West. M.W. 
Scutellaria minor Z. Breighton Common. H. F. Parsons. S.E. 
Bromus Benekenii (eu-asper). ...Rokeby.... A. Ley. N.W. 
Festuca sylvatica V7v/. 

Rocks, High Force, Teesdale. A. Ley. N.W. 
Chara flexilis Z. .... Tong Park Mills. ... W. West. S.W. 
Chara syncarpa Zhwz/....Rawcliffe Common....W. West. S.W. 
CASUALS. 
The following have been noticed :— 

Anemone apennina Z.... Near Seamer. ... G. E. Massee. N.. 

Lepidium ruderale Z. ... Carr Pit, Huddersfield. 
T. H. Bartlam. S.W. 
Potentilla norvegica Z. Armley, Kirkstall. J. Abbott. M.W. 


Xanthium spinosum Z. ... Batley. ... P. F. Lee. S.W. 

Rumex scutatus Z. ... Malham. ... W. West, M.W. 
Ribblehead, F. A. Lees. M.W. 

Crocus speciosum —. ... Birkby and Huddersfield. ... 


John Bartlam. S.W. 


86 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


RARER PLANTS. 
Thalictrum minus Z. var. montanum. 

Arncliffe. Crebbin and West. 
Ranunculus Lenormandi / Schultz. Wibsey. W. West. 
Cardamine impatiens Z. Ling Ghyll, Ribble Head. 
Cochlearia officinalis Z. var. alpina. Gordale. W. West. 
Draba muralis Z. Malham. Andrews, Soppitt and West. 
Thlaspi alpestre Z. var. occitanum. Malham. W. West. 
Sagina apetala Z. Gilstead. Lees and West. 
Alsine verna Bartiing. Malham. Crebbin and West. 
Silene nutans Z. Bramham. Crebbin and West. 
Rubus saxatilis Z. Gordale. Andrews, Soppitt and West. 
Ribes alpinum Z. Malham Moor. W. West. Litton. T. Rogers. 
Galium sylvestre 7o//. Malham (common on the limestone 


here, as in Derbyshire). Andrews, Soppitt & West. 
Carduus heterophyllus Z. Malham to Arncliffe. W. West. 


Eupatorium cannabinum Z. 


Shipley Glen (quite rare about here). H. T. Soppitt. 


Crepis paludosa Moench. 
Shipley Glen. Andrews, Nuttall and West. 


Polemonium cceruleum Z. Malham & Gordale. W. West. 
Primula vulgaris Awas. var. caulescens. 

Bolton Woods. Crebbin and West. 
Anagallis ceerulea Sw. Bulmer. G. E. Massee. 
Ulmus suberosa £/%7h. Eccleshill. W. Nuttall. 
Salix phylicifolia Z.  Arncliffe. W. West. 
Potamogeton rufescens Schrad. Bingley. Lees and West. 
Orchis ustulata Z. Collingham. Crebbin and West. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 87 


Gymnadenia albida Ach. 
Malham Tarn. Andrews, Soppitt and West. 


Ophrys muscifera Awds. Collingham. Crebbin and West. 
Carex levigata Sm. Malham. Andrews, Soppitt and West. 
Psamma arenaria &. & S. Redcar. J. Abbott. 

Melica nutans Z. Boston Spa. Crebbin and West. 
Elymus arenarius Z. Redcar. J. Abbott. 

Festuca sylvatica 7/7. Ling Ghyll. F. A. Lees. 

Poa Balfourii Bad. Ling Ghyll. F. A. Lees. 

Aspidium Lonchitis Sz. Ribblehead. F. A. Lees. 
Ophioglossum vulgatum Z. Tong. J. Faull. 


MOSSES. 

Several hitherto unrecorded species have been added to the 
list for the county, and new localities for rarities have been found. 
The following lists of the less frequently occurring Mosses will 
give an idea of the work done in this order of plants. In the 
first list of additions to Mr. Hobkirk’s 1873 list some of the 
mosses were collected before 1879, but none have been recorded 
in our Transactions. Most of them have been recorded in a 
paper by Mr. C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., in the Journal of Botany, 
none of them being contained in the last list of West Riding 
Mosses published by the same writer in 1873. Some of the 
new county records of mosses in Mr. Hobkirk’s last list were 
published in these Transactions last year. They are omitted 
from the present list. 


ADDITIONS TO MR. HOBKIRK’S 1873 LIST. 
Andreea falcata Schpz. Ingleborough, April, 1878. W. West. 


A. crassinervia Bruch. Penyghent. J. Whitehead. 
Hebden Bridge. G. E. Hunt. 


Weissia crispula Hed. Harrogate. T. Hick. 
Dicranum scoparium Z. var. paludosum. 
Whernside. Lees and West. 


88 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Campylopus alpinus Schr. 
Ingleborough, April, 1878. W. West. 
C. paradoxus Wiis. Rombalds Moor. J. S. Wesley. 


Pottia intermedia Zurn. Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 


Didymodon flexifolius var. gemmescens JZiz2. 
Ingleborough, M. & C. 
Ditrichum flexicaule var. densum. 
Malham Moor. C. P. Hobkirk and T. Rogers. 
Gordale and Arncliffe. W. West. 
Barbula Hornschuchiana Schud¢z. 
Doncaster, September, 1878. W. West. 


B. muralis Z. var. rupestris. Whernside. Lees and West. 
B. cylindrica Zay/. Harewood. F. Arnold Lees. 

B. revoluta Schm. Todmorden. T. Stansfield. 

Grimmia ovata 7. & MZ Slaidburn. F. A. Lees. 

G. apocarpa JZ. var. rivulare. Strid and Arncliffe. W. West. 


Racomitrium heterostichum /edw. var. alopecurum. 
Whernside. Lees and West. 


Ulota intermedia Schfr. Bramham. J. S. Wesley. 


Orthotrichum affine Schrad. Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
Rawcliffe and Wrex. H. F. Parsons. Skipton. W. West. 


Webera annotina Hedw. Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
Baildon. W. West. 
Bryum roseum Schred. Ripon. Miss Morton. 
Pennant Clough and Hebden Valley. TT. Stansfield. 
Gordale. W. West. 


B. rufum erg. Litton. J. Whitehead. New to Science. 
B. origanum Zosw. Lowton and Teesdale. J. S. Wesley. 


Fissidens incurvus Schev. Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
Todmorden. ‘TT. Stansfield. 


F. pusillus 27s. Pontefract. Dr. Wood. 
F. crassipes W7/s. Arncliffe. W. West. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879. Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 89 


Scleropodium czspitosum M/s. Tadcaster. R. Spruce. 


Plagiothecium nitidulum Wae/. 
Penyghent. Whitehead and Percival. 


Hypnum vernicosum Zid. Slaithwaite. C. P. Hobkirk. 
H. Sendtneri Scif7. Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
H. falceatum 4rd. var. virescens. 
Malham, Arncliffe and Clapham. W. West. 
H. cupressiforme JZ. var. nigroviride. 
Huddersfield and Wetherby. C. PR. Hobkirk. 
Var. filiforme. Bolton Woods, Whernside, &c. W. West. 
Var. compressum. Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
H. arcuatum Zzvd. Hackfall, J. G. Baker. Wetherby, J. S. 
Wesley. Todmorden, J. Nowell. 


H. molluscum Zedw. var. condensatum. 
Hawksworth. W. West. 


H. eugyrium Schpr. Cantley Spout. J. Nowell. 


H. umbratum Schred. 
Dallen Ghyll, near Ripley. Wm. Brunton, 


UNCOMMON MOSSES OBSERVED. 

Sphagnum cuspidatum £/7/. var. plumosum. 
Baildon. W. West. 

S. tenellum Z/7. Seamer. G. E. Massee. | 
S. squarrosum fers. Terrington Carr. G. E. Massee. 
Phascum curvicollum /edw. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Gymnostomum rupestre Sciw. Gordale. W. West. 
Dichodontium pellucidum Z. Baildon. W. West. 
Dicranella crispa Hedzw. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
D. cerviculata Hed. Baildon and Allerton. W. West. 
Campylopus Shawii M/s. Seamer. G. E. Massee. 


les} 
~I 


go YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Campylopus flexuosus &7id. 
Baildon, Shipley, Hawksworth, and Bingley. W. West. 


C. fragilis B. GS. Adel and Baildon. W. West. 

GC. pyriformis &77¢@. Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
Leucobryum glaucum Z. Infruit. Seamer. G. E. Massee. 
Seligeria pusilla ed. Malham and Arncliffe. W. West. 


Brachyodus trichodes V. & Z. 
Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


Pottia truncatula Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


Anacalypta Starkeana V. & Z. 
Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


Didymodon luridus ornsch. 
Ingleborough, April, 1878. W.West. Quite a black form. 


D. flexifolius Dzcks. Bingley and Saltaire. W. West. 


Eucladium verticillatum 477d. 
Crambe Beck, Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. 


Ditrichum tortile Schrad. 
Bulmer and Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. 


D. mutabile Bruch. Arncliffe. W. West. 
Mr. Boswell says this is an unusual form. 


Barbula rigida Schultz. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


B. ambigua &. & S. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Bolton Woods. W. West. 


B. recurvifolia Scipr, Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. 
Malham. W. West. 


B. convoluta Hedw. Addingham. W. West. 
Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


. muralis Z. var. rupestris. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
. marginata B. & S. Welburn. G, E. Massee. 

. Hornschuchiana 477d. Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. 
. papillosa Wz/s. Castle Howard. G. E, Massee, 


DnwWwW wD 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 9! 


Distichium capillaceum Z. Bolton Woods. W. West. 
Encalypta vulgaris /edw. Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. 
E. ciliata Aedw. Near Litton. Rogers and Whitehead. 
Grimmia Doniana Sw. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Dicks. 

Scarborough. G. E. Massee. Burley. W. Nuttall. 
Zygodon viridissimus Dizcks. Gordale. W. West. 


Z. Nowellii Sez. Litton. Whitehead and Rogers. 
Ingleborough, April, 1878. W. West. 


Orthotrichum saxatile 477d. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
O. rivulare Zurn. Litton. Whitehead and Rogers. 

Splachnum spheericum Z. j/s. Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
Entosthodon ericetorum JSa/s. Gearstones. F. A. Lees. 


Physcomitrium pyriforme Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Bolton Woods. Crebbin and West. 


Funaria calcarea Wai. Malham Cove. W. West. 
Bartramia ithyphylla 27d. Bolton Woods. W. West. 
B. CEderi Guwun. Arncliffe. Crebbin and West. 
Philonotis calcarea B. & S. Malham. W. West. 


Leptobryum pyriforme Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Sjooitonda, li A, bees. 


Webera carnea Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
W. albicans Wahl. Bingley. W. West. 

Bryum pallens Swartz. Selby. W. N. Cheesman. 
B. Funkii Sczweg. Seamer. G. E. Massee. 

B. roseum Schreb. Gordale. W. West. 


Cinclidium stygium Swartz. Near Malham Tarn, sent 
(un-named as a rare moss) in fruit last Goueust by Mr. Mor- 
rison’s steward (an old station). 


Mnium stellare Aedw. Bolton Woods. W. West. 


Q2 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Mnium serratum Schrad. Litton. Rogers and Whitehead. 
Arncliffe. W.' West. 

M. subglobosum &. & S. 
Malham Tarn Bog. A. Crebbin and W. West. 


M. orthorhynchum Z. & S. Litton. Rogers and Whitehead. 
Pogonatum nanum 47id. Scarborough. G, E. Massee. 
Antitrichia curtipendula Z. Spofforth. F. A. Lees. 
Pterygophyllum lucens Sm. 

Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. Bolton Woods. A. Crebbin. 
Thuidium recognitum Hedw. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Cylindrothecium concinnum De Voi. Gordale. W. West. 
Pylaisia polyantha Schred. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Orthothecium intricatum Zartm. Ingleborough. W. West. 
Brachythecium rivulare 4. & S. Bolton Woods. W. West. 
B. plumosum Swartz. Baildon. W. West. 
Eurhynchium Swartzii Zurn. Cottingley. W. West. 

E. myosuroides Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
E. piliferum Schred. Gordale and Aiton. W. West. 
Hyocomium flagellare Dicks. Marsden. Cheesman & West. 
Rhynchostegium depressum Srwch. 

Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E. Massee. 
R. murale Hedw. Skipton. W. West. 


Plagiothecium pulchellum Zedw. 
Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 


Amblystegium riparium Z. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 
Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. Meanwood. W. West. 


Hypnum aduncum “edw. 
Scarborough. G. E. Massee. Riccall. W. West 


tH exannulatum Gimb. Baildon. W. West. 
H. uncinatum edw. Bingley. W. West. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 93 


Hypnum palustre Z. Baildon. W. West. 

H. ochraceum Zurn. Marsden. Cheesman and West. 
. chrysophyllum Z7cd¢. Wetherby. Lees and West. 
. stellatum Schred. Eldwick. W. West. 

. scorpioides Dz//. Scarborough. G. E. Massee. 

. brevirostre Z%7h. Ribble-head. F. A. Lees. 


a el al ee! 


HEPATIC. 

The following are among those found this year :— 
Alicularia scalaris Covda. Baildon. W. West. 
Plagiochila asplenioides 4. Bingley. W. West. 


Scapania undulata 17. & UX. 
Baildon and Bingley. W. West. Eccleshill. W. Nuttall. 


S. nemorosa Hook. Arncliffe. W. West. 

Jungermannia sphzerocarpa //ook. Bingley. W. West. 
J. inflata Huds. Rombalds and Greetland Moors. W. West. 
ventricosa Dicks. Bingley and Baildon. W. West. 

. intermedia Zzzdb. Horsforth. J. R. Murdoch. 

. attenuata Zizdb. Baildon and Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
. exsecta Scim. Baildon. W. West. (N.C.R.) 

. barbata Schr. Baildon. W. West. 

. tricophylla Z. Marsden. Cheesman and West. 


Seo ae & & 


_Chiloscyphus polyanthus Ca. Baildon. W. West. 
Birstall. F. A. Lees. 
Lophocolea heterophylla /. 
Baildon and Bingley. W. West. 


Calypogeia trichomanis Z. Baildon. W. West. 
Ptilidium ciliare /Vees. Baildon. W. West. 

Lejeunia calcarea Zz). Litton. J.. Whitehead. 
Radula complanata Dum. Bolton Woods. W. West. 


94 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Madotheca platyphy!lla Dum. Bolton Woods. W. West. 
Pellia calycina Zay/. Baildon & Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
Aneura multifida Dum. Baildon. W. West. 

Lunularia vulgaris JZch. Gordale. W. West. 

Riccia glauca Z. Bulmer. G. E. Massee. 


LICHENS. 


Very few have been noticed; the following are amongst 
those that have been collected :— 


Cladonia uncialis Hm. Baildon. W. West. 
C. cornucopioides #7 Baildon. W. West. 
C. pyxidata 7” Baildon. W. West. 
Evernia prunastri Z. Malham. W. West. 
Platysma glaucum Ib, 
Rombalds Moor and Hawksworth. W. West. 

Peltigera polydactyla Am. Bingley. W. West. 
Solorina saccata Z. Gordale. W. West. 
Physcia leucomela Z. Ling Ghyll. F. A. Lees. 
Parmelia olivacea Z. Rombalds Moor. W. West. 
Graphis scripta 4cz. Bolton Woods and Gordale. W. West. 
Endocarpum miniatum Z. 

Ribble-head. F. A. Lees: Gordale. W. West. 


FUNGI. 


We are greatly indebted to Mr. G. E. Massee of Scarborough 
for lists of plants, especially of Fungi, as will be seen by the fol- 
lowing one, where the initials G. E. M. stand for his name. The 
following are among those that have been seen :— 


Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus 4/7. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


A. (A.) muscarius Z. 
Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E, M. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881), Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 95 


Agaricus (A.) pantherinus DC. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


A. 


A 


A. 


>DPPPPEP DEPP 


> 


> 


A. 
A. 


(Lepiota) procerus Scop. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

(L.) cristatus /7zes. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

(Armillaria) melleus Vaf/. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Saltaire and Bingley. Soppitt and West. 


. (Tricholoma) luridus Scheff Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. (T.) gambosus /rzes. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. (T.) tigrinus 47. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. (Clitocybe) nebularis Latsch. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. (C.) dealbatus P?. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


(C.) laccatus Scop. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


. (Pleurotus) septicus /7zes. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. (P.) applicatus Ba¢sch. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. (Collybia) butyraceus Sul. 


Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


. (C.) velutipes Cuzz. 


Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


. (Mycena) capillaris Schum. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
. (Omphalia) sphagnicola Bere. 


Terrington Carr. G. E. M. 


. (Nolanea) pascuus ? Terrington Carr. G. E. M. 
. (Stropharia) eruginosus Curt. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. (Hypholoma) fascicularis Ads. 


Castle Howard and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
(Psathyra) corrugis ?. Terrington Carr. G. E. M. 
(Panzolus) papilionaceus 4/7, Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Coprinus comatus /7. 


C. 


Bulmer. G.E. M. Bradford. W. West 
atramentarius /7. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


C. niveus 77. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


96 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Coprinus micaceus 7 Bulmerand Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Cortinarius (Dermocybe) caninus £7. 
Scarborough. G. E. M. 

Lepista personata #7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Hygrophorus virgineus 77. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. niveus 77. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. coccineus #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. miniatus 77 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. puniceus #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. psittacinus #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Lactarius torminosus /* Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. blennius 77 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. piperatus “7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
. Cilicioides “7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. quietus #7 Brandrith and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
. rufus #”. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. hysginus “7 Bingley. Soppitt and West. 
Russula heterophylla “7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
R. emetica #7. Castle Howard and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Cantharellus cibarius /. 

Brandrith and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Marasmius oreades /*% Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Boletus flavus /*% Fir wood, Scarborough. G.E. M. 
B. badius 7”. Fir wood, Seamer. G. E. M. 
B. edulis Bw/Z, Seamer Moor. G. E. M. 
B. scaber #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
B. chrysenteron fr. Saltaire. Soppitt and West. 


Fathi Faas (isnt Ditmas eae Sa 


- Polyporus igniarius #7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
P. conchatus 77. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 97 
Polyporus versicolor /7. 
Castle Howard and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. vulgaris #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. viridans Gerk. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. vaporarius /7. Scarborough. 
Deedalia quercina P. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Hydnum niveum ?. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. farinaceum /. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Thelephora terrestris 77. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Stereum purpureum /7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
S. hirsutum #7. Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Baildon. Soppitt and West. 
S. rugosum /7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Hymenocheete rubiginosa Zev. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Auricularia mesenterica &u//. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Corticium coeruleum 77. Castle Howard. G.E. M. 
C. comedens /*%. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
C. Sambuci P Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Clavaria fastigiata DC. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
C. coralloides Z. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
C. fusiformis Sow. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Shipley and Bingley. Soppitt and West. 
C. cinerea Bull. Saltaire. Soppitt and West. _ 
C. rugosa Buwi/. Saltaire. Soppitt and West. 
Calocera cornea 77. Manningham. H. Andrews. 
C. viscosa #7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Typhula filiformis 77 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
_Pistillaria quisquilaris # Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Tremella mesenterica fez. 
Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


98 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Tremella albida Auds. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Exidia glandulosa /7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


Phallus impudicus Z. 
Castle Howard and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Bingley and Baildon. Soppitt and West. 


Cynophallus caninus 77. Bulmerand Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Bovista nigrescens ?. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
B. plumbea P. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Lycoperdon giganteum Batsch. 

Bulmer. G. E. M. Kildwick. W. West. 
L. celatum 7/7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
L. saccatum Vaf/. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
L. gemmatum /7. Bulmer. G. E. M. 

Saltaire and Bingley. Soppitt and West. 
L. pyriforme Scheff. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Scleroderma vulgare #7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Cenococcum geophilum /7. 
Menmingtony Peaty Carry Gave 


Lycogala epidendrum #7. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Reticularia umbrina /7. 
Brandrith and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


AEthalium septicum “#7. Raincliffe, Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Didymium nigripes 47. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

D. congestum 3. & Sr. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Tilmadoche nutans P. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

T. mutabilis Rx. var. lutea Gull. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
T. atrum /% Scarborough. G. E. M. 

Stemonitis fusca Roti. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Cribraria argillacea fers. Scarborough. G, E. M. 
Trichia clavata - Scarborough. G. E. M. 


Trans. Y-N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 99 


Trichia turbinata W7th. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
T. chrysosperma DC. 

Scarborough and Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Phelonitis strobilina “7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Cyathus vernicosus DC. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Crucibulum vulgare ZuvZ. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Phoma asteriscus ZGerk. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. nebulosum Zer2 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Diplodia herbarum Zev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Vermicularia trichella Grex. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Torula herbarum Zzzk. 
Scarborough. G. E.M. Baildon. W. West. 


Phragmidium mucronatum ZA. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. bulbosum Sc#Z. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 

P. gracile Grev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

P. obtusatum Zzzk. Shipley. Soppitt and West. 
Puccinia graminis evs. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

P. striola Zzwk. Scarborough. G, E. M. 

P. menthee ers. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

P. betoniczee DC. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


Hawksworth. J. W. Carter. 
P. compositarum Sc/. 


Saltaire. HH. T. Soppitt. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Pp 
p 


variabilis Gvev. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


galiorum Zé. Baildon. Soppitt and West. 
Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. umbelliferarum DC. 
Bingley. H. T.Soppitt. Scarborough. G. E. M, 
P. anemones ers. 
Bingley. H. T. Soppitt. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


100 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 

Puccinia violarum Zé. Bingley. H. T. Soppitt. 
Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. lychnidearum Zé. Scarborough. G. E. M. . 

. pulverulenta Gvev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. fabee Zé. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. veronicarum DC. Saltaire. H. T. Soppitt. 

. syngenesiarum Z&. Saltaire. H.T. Soppitt. 


qe ae) ae) 9) 8) 


. hieracii dZa7¢. Saltaire. H. T. Soppitt. 
Ustilago antherarum /7. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Tuburcinia scabies 2. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Urocystis pompolygodes Sc/. 
Bulmer. G. E. M. Saltaire. Soppitt and West. 


Uromyces apiculata Zev. Scarborough. G, E. M. 

U. ulmarize Zev. Malham. W. West. 

Coleosporium tussilaginis “Lev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
C. campanulee Zev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

C. sonchi-arvensis Zev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Melampsora salicina Zev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


M. betulina Desz. 
Saltaire. Soppitt and West. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


M. populina Zev. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Cystopus candidus Zev. 
Esholt. Soppitt and West. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Uredo caryophyllacearum Jofust. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
U. vacciniorum /. Baildon. Soppitt and West. 


Trichobasis suaveolens Zev. 
Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


T. umbellatarum Zev. Gilstead. W. West. 
T. cichoracearum Zev. Eldwick. Soppitt and West. 
Reestelia lacerata Zu/. Ribblehead. A. Crebbin. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—18709. IOI 


fEcidium epilobii DC. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


> RMA ARARRAM 


. berberidis es. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

. leucospermum DC. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 

. ranunculacearum DC. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
. albescens Gvev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

; bunii DC. Castle Howard. G. E.M. 

. valerianacearum Dud. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
» grossularie DC. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


urtice DC. Bulmer. G. E. M. 


compositarum J7/ar¢. var. tussilaginis. 
Eldwick and Bingley. Soppitt and West. 


. violaze Schum. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
. allii Berk. The Dale, Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


Isaria brachiata Schum. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Anthina flammea #7 Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


Ceratium proboscidioides (n. sp. ined.) 


On rotten wood, Bulmer. G. E. M. 


Stilbum tomentosum Schrad. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


Tubercularia granulata ?. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
AEgerita candida ?. Bulmer. G.E. M. 
Helminthosporium folliculatum Corda. 


Scarborough. G,. E. M. 


H. macrocarpum Gvev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Botrytis terrestris ?. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Peronospora infestans dont. 


Scarborough and Bulmer. G, E. M. 


P. vicie &. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
P. sparsa 2. Bulmer. G. E, M. 


Penicillium crustaceum /7. 


Scarborough and Bulmer. G. E. M. 


102 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Oidium aureum Zé. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Sepedonium chrysospermum Zz. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Mucor phycomyces &. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
M. caninus £. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
M. fusiger Z& Scarborough. G. E. M. 
(Saprolegnia ferax Azz. Bulmer. G. E. M.) 
S herotheca pannosa Zev. 

Bulmer. G.E. M. Saltaire. Soppitt and West. 
Peziza tuberosa 2w//. Scarborough and Bulmer. G. E. M. 
P. aurantia Z. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

Saltaire. H. T. Soppitt. 

P. saniosa Schrad. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
. coccinea /acg. Castle Howard and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


v 


P. scutellata Z. Shipley Glen. Soppitt and West. 
Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. stercorea fers. Arncliffe and Roundhay. W. West. 
Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. vesiculosa 4wi/. Bradford. W. West. 
P. domestica Sow. Saltaire. H. T. Soppitt. , 
P. virginea Zazsch. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. nivea #7. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. bicolor &uz//. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. hyalina ers. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
, sulphurea /e7s. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. firma fers. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. striata 7/7”. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P. atrovirens evs. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
P. cinerea Batsch. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 
P, fusarioides Berk. Bulmer and Scarborough. G. E. M. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 103 


Helotium lutescens 77 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. aciculare #7 Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. herbarum /7. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Cenangium cerasi 77. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
C. aucuparize “7” Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Ascobolus furfuraceus /e7s. Bulmer. G, E. M. 
A. erugineus 7/7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
A. carneus fers. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Bulgaria inquinans 7/7. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
B. sarcoides 7/7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Heterospheria patella Grev. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Hysterium fraxini Pers. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
H. arundinaceum Schrvad. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
H. conigerum /7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Stegia ilicis 77 Bolton Woods. W. West. 
Scarborough. G. E. M. 

Torrubia militaris “7. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Epichloe typhina Zerk. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Nectria curcurbitula 77 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Xylaria polymorpha Gvev. Scarborough. G, E. M. 
X. digitata Grvev. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
X. corniformis dA/onz. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
X. hypoxylon Gvev. Bulmer. G. E. M. 
X. carpophila 4 Bulmer. G. E. M. 
Ustulina vulgaris Zw/. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Dothidea trifolii #7 Bulmer. G. E. M. 

Bingley. Soppitt and West. 
Diatrype quercina 7 Castle Howard. G. E. M. 
Spheeria aquila 77. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


104 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Spheria mammeformis ers. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
S. herbarum ers. leguminum. Bulmer. G. E. M. 

S. rubella es. Scarborough and Bulmer. G. E. M. 

S. acuta Moug. Scarborough. G. E. M. 

S. rostellata 77. Scarborough. G. E. M. 


Stigmatea robertiani #7. Scarborough. G. E. M. 
Saltaire. H.T. Soppitt. Gordale. W. West. 


Dicheena strobilina 77. Castle Howard. G. E. M. 


It is due to Mr. Massee to say that some of the commoner 
species contained in his lists have been purposely omitted. 


ALGE. 
None of the following species have been recorded before in 
our Transactions :— 


Batrachospermum vagum oth. 
Kirkstall. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Draparnaldia glomerata Vauch. Roundhay. 


Conferva floccosa Ag. Baildon. W. West. 
Chapel Allerton. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Chantransia Hermanni oth. Baildon. W. West. 
Ulothrix mucosa Zzur. Bramhope, Roundhay, & Adel Bog. 
Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Cladophora crispata odh. 
Common. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Stigeoclonium protensum Di//lw. Wibsey. W. West. 
Burley. W. Nuttall. Farnley. Abbott, Emsley & Turner. 


Zygnema cruciata Ag. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Z. Ralfsii—? Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Spirogyra communis ass. Adel. A., E., & Turner. 
S. pellucida X. Hunslet. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1879 (pub. 1881). Series E 


OF THE 


Pe Caesibt ocr Shee. 2 fe. Gy 


= - Annotated List of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca Known to inhabit 


Yorkshire» (continuation, including BMS O8ey Neritina, Paludina,- 
ote and oe : 


_ WILLIAM NELSON and Jo. as TAVEOR, 


Moetare. Toptenooes third ee based’ pon observations made in 
: S ge 1880 and 1881 (conclusion): 


S. D. Em atoue iS. 
W. DENISON ROEBUCK, and 
“THOMAS WILSON. 


3 Soe II. Sheet hor ee es 


List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera. pinepicy and commencement of | the 
= Last of attetics); 


on --GEO. ae Porritt, EE Ss 
2 eee Sheet 8 oo. os). ON Seas 

~ Repo: t ot the Botanical Section: for Eusi9 (coheluded). eae 
: be ~ WILLIAM WEST, 


eport -on Vorkcires Borage for “1880 (commencement), with | = 


Plate of Carex sasrurobras 8 
: LE, ARNOLD Lyxs, el: Su 


_ BROS. PRINTERS, st. ANN pe 


p accents 


oe APRIL, -1883. 


“eam of Comps y 
Zasloay "> lg a 


? 
“ 


OCT 11 1945 


P0A2 


MWLIBRARY 
NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 17 
Family DREISSE NID. 
Genus DREISSENA Van Beneden. 
Mytilomia, Cantr. Myoconcha, D’Orb. 
Czlogonia, Bronn. Congeria, Partsch. 


Dithalmia, Say. Enocephalus, Munst. 


The species of this genus are widely distributed, being 
found in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and Central America, and 
West Indies, and Mr. Garrett has recently discovered a species 
in Viti, not distinguishable from D. Africane. 


The genus is subdivided by H. and A. Adams into Drezss- 
ena (sensu stricto), of which D. polymorpha is the type, and 
Praxis Adams, a group characterized by a small lamina affixed 
to the septum. 


At the time of publication of Adams’ “ Genera of Recent 
Mollusca” fifteen species of recent, and about fourteen fossil 
forms were known. Several species of Dvetssena inhabited 
the fresh waters of the Isle of Wight during the Upper Eocene 
epoch. 


Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). 


Locally abundant. 


In Yorkshire this shell is found exclusively in or near the 
canals or navigable rivers which intersect the manufacturing 
districts of the West Riding. 


We have various records of unsuccessful attempts to intro- 
duce it into new localities. Mr. R. J. Bell stated in 1843 that 
Mr. Bean introduced it at Scarborough a few years before that 
date, but was of opinion that they all subsequently perished. 
Mr. G. F. Linney says “‘it was introduced into the Ackworth 


School Canal but did not flourish.” 
C2 


18 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON, YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Mr. H. J. Bellars confirms the supposition of Dr. Jeffreys 
that this species may have existed in other parts of England 
prior to its discovery in the Commercial Docks in 1824, stating 
that it “had been observed many years previously in great pro- 
fusion in Whittlesea Mere.” Mr. R. J. Bell (Zool., 1843, 
p. 283) records the great abundance of this species in the docks 
at Goole, three or four years after their opening in 1838 ; and 
judged from the numbers of dead ones around that it was evident 
many generations had passed away. Mr. Bell also remarks 
that as far as the influence of the salt water extends into the 
dock not one solitary individual can be found, the line of de- 
marcation being as perfect as the joint between one stone and 


another in a wall. 


Mr. R. Tate says that it has a predilection for shady 
places, abounding beneath the shade of bridges, and in docks 
attaching itself to the under surfaces of floating timber. In its 
young state it frequently attaches itself to the vegetation just 
beneath the surface. It forms a frequent food of the water-rats, 
who leave the empty shells in heaps on the banks. 


D. polymorpha is absent from the newer tertiaries of this 
country, but is found in those of Transylvania and Moravia, 
and near Vienna. 


Mr. Bellars, of Chester, has noticed and described three 
varieties, and continental conchologists distinguish several more. 
A very curious malformation has been found at Nostel by Mr. 
Conacher and others, in which the periodic growths have a very 
distinct step-like appearance. Pearly concretions are not unfre- 
quently found in this species. 


3. Vale of York—F¥ormerly found in the artificial pond in the York 
Museum Gardens, where it had doubtless been introduced, R. B. 
Cook. 

4. Humber—Profusely abundant in the Docks at Goole, R. J. Bell, 1843. 


6. Trent—River Don, at Conisbro’, in 1836, where it had evidently 
existed for some time, R. J. Bell (Zool., 1843). 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 19 


7. Went Vale—River Don, at Doncaster, R.D.M.; abundant and fine 
in Nostel Lakes, one obtained by Mr. H. Richardson being 
44 x 27 x 20 mill. 

8. Dearne—Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at Royston ! and below Barugh 
Locks, Barnsley, A.P.T. ! 


9. Don—There are specimens in the Museum at Sheffield from the canal 
near that town, W.D.R. ! 

12. Lower Calder—Very common in canal at Wintersett, but not large ; the 
largest specimens were under one inch in length, scarcely eroded, 
thin, and beautifullymarked, W. E. Brown. It is worthy of remark 
that Mr. Ashford, writing in 1854, of specimens from the same 
locality, says, ‘attached in masses to stone as usual, but almost 
every specimen corroded by the water.’ Common in Cold Hiendley 
Reservoir! New Miller Dam! Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at 
Agbrigg ! 

13. Airedale—Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Armley! Kirkstall ! Newlay ! 
Rodley ! Calverley ! Apperley ! Bingley ! and Keighley ! 


:0: 


Crass GASTROPODA. 
OrDER PECTINIBRANCHIATA. 
family NERITIDA. 

Genus NERITINA Lamarck. 


Unlike other of our genera, WVerztina is hardly found in 
North America, but has its head-quarters in the islands of the 
Pacific Ocean, where numerous species are found. 

We have but one species in England, which is also diffused 
throughout Europe and the adjacent portions of Africa and 
Asia. Our species is not a typical WVerztina, but belongs to 
the subgenus V7tta of Klein, according to Adams, Chenu, and 
other systematists. . 


=== 102 


Neritina fluviatilis (L.). 


Locally abundant. 


This species is variable both in form and ornamentation, 
ranging in coloration from an uniform yellow (var. certna Col- 


20 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


beau) touniformly black (var. zégrescens Colb.). The more striking 
intermediate forms between these two extremes have also been 
differentiated and described. 


The species has been found living in company with marine 
shells in Loch Stennis (Orkney), the Baltic, and other places. 


Mr. J. MacGillivray (Zool., 1852, p. 3430) records that 
some large water-pipes which had recently been taken up in 
the City Road, London, to be replaced by others, were inhabited 
by great numbers of Werztina fluviatilis, a Limnea, &c. From 
the state of the interior of the pipes they had evidently been 
under ground for some years. ‘The shells were in good con- 
dition and coloured as usual. 


Mr. Warington states that he has noticed this species to 
have the power of spinning a web or thread. Mr.G.S. Tye 
says ‘its structure renders it impossible for it to spin an upward 
thread, and the nature of its habitat alike precludes it, and as 
it could not float in running water it could not therefore spin a 
downward thread. ‘The act of floating is not a normal one 
with the creature, though it might perform it as mollusca some- 
times do when placed under circumstances which allow of it, 
and if it floated there is no reason why it should not spina 
downward thread.” 


Its distribution in Yorkshire—as shewn by the records— 
extends along a broad tract of somewhat level country from the 
south-east to the north-west, being found in nine ott of the 
twenty-four districts into which we have divided the county. 


As yet three varieties only have been found in the county, 
but doubtless others will reward the assiduous conchologist. 


It would be interesting to verify the following observations 
on development, given by Mr. R. Tate, on the authority of 
Claparéde :— 


_ Each female deposits her egg-capsules in clusters of fifty 
or sixty on the surface of the shell of her neighbour, and 


Trans. Y.N.U:, 1880 (pub. 1888). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 21 


not on her own; sometimes, but rarely, to stones, or to the 
shells of other mollusks. Each capsule contains from forty to 
sixty eggs, but only one embryo is developed, for the other 
eggs constitute the food of the young JVerzfzua till it quits the 
capsule.” 


3. Vale of York—Common in the Foss, R.M.C.; Tadcaster, H.C.! in 
the Wharfe at Boston Spa, W. C. Hey; in the Derwent near 
Kirkham Abbey, W. C. Hey. 

4. Humber—Goole, R.D.M. 

12. Lower Calder—Abundant in the Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at 
Heath ! 

13. Airedale—Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Saltaire! and Bingley ! 

15. Wharfedale—River Wharfe at Burley, H.S.! and Otley, H.S.! 

17. Wens/eydale—Abundant under stones, frequently in the most rapid 
part of the River Ure at Hackfall, J. D.! 

18. Swaledale—Leeming Lane near Bedale, H.C.! In slow streams at 
Newsham Carr near Thirsk, adhering to Utricularia vulgaris, W. 
Foggitt, 1855. 

20. Lower Tees—Ballast hills near Middlesbrough (alien), J. W. Watson. 


22. Upper Derwent—Mr. W. Bean, in his List of Scarborough Shells, 
enumerates this species, but judging from other species named in 
his list, the area of his investigations must have been very exten- 
sive. It does not appear in a list for the same place kindly fur- 
nished by Mr. J. H. Ashford, late of Scarborough. 


24. Holderness—Abundant in the River Hull at Grovehill, where the 
specimens are thickly encrusted with a calcareous deposit, J.D.B. 
Barmston Drain, J.D.B. 


Var. nigrescens Colbeau. 
Shell black or blackish. 


3. Vale of YorkK—River Ouse near Bishopthorpe, W. C. Hey ; very com- 
mon in the River Ouse at York, especially amongst the stones just 
above the railway bridge, R.M.C. 


Var. trifasciata Colbeau. 
Shell ornamented with three spiral dark bands. 


17. Wensleydale-—One specimen in the River Ure at Hackfall ! 


22 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Var. undulata Colbeau. 
Shell with some transverse dark bands. 


17. Wensleydale—One specimen in the River Ure at Hackfall ! 


J0)-=——= 


Family PALUDINIDA. 
Genus PALUDINA Lam. 


This genus is widely distributed throughout the Northern 
Hemisphere, to which portion of the globe it was formerly 
considered to be confined. Several species have how- 
ever been recently described by Mr. Smith and others from 
Australia, thus extending its range southward. The Australian 
species are all characterized by spiral sculpture and absence 
of colour bands below the periphery. 

We have, however, but two species in Britain, neither 
of which appear to have been found north of Yorkshire except 
in ballast. 

This genus does not possess the cartilaginous stylet in the 
stomach that the Bythiniz have. 


The Paludinz are stated to bury themselves in the soil for 
weeks or months together. 


:0:- 


Paludina contecta (Millet). 


Rare and very local. 


This species formerly abounded near York, where it was 
first found by Mr. Bean, of Scarborough. Dr. North, of York, 
writes: ‘‘ More than twenty years ago P. contecta was abundant 
in a ditch or brook by the side of the River Ouse at Clemen- 
thorpe, just outside the city towards Bishopthorpe. The place 
is now a foul ditch and a nuisance to the district, and the shells 
and other interesting objects are gone.” 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880.(pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 23 


The Rev. W. C. Hey says: “dead shells occurred at Ful- 
ford two years ago, but none since, I believe. I fear it is now 
extinct.” 

Dr. E. Lankester found this species in ditches near Askern, 
about 1842, and Mr. H. Shaw, of Leeds, in 1881 found several 
dead but fresh specimens in the stream running from, and in the 
pool there. Subfossil shells of a dwarf and stunted form are 
thrown up by the moles in the fields about Askern. 

The species is however not yet extinct in Yorkshire, and its 
claim to be regarded as a member of the Yorkshire fauna has 
been re-established by Mr. W. Eagle Clarke, who in company 
with Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, succeeded in finding a speci- 
men in the Gravel Drain on the Lincolnshire border in April, 
1883, whilst engaged in a special search for it. 

All the Yorkshire specimens we have hitherto seen are 
dwarfed in size and are hardly one-third of the volume of some 
of the same species from Lancashire localities. 

This species, according to the observations of Mr. T. 
Ball, of Brigg, hibernates socially. ‘“‘In almost every case where 
a specimen could be seen, there was in reality a considerable 
number all huddled together and buried in one common hole.” 

Dr. Jeffreys, at p. 36 of British Conchology, says “the 
epidermis of the last formed whorl in the young shell, when it 
leaves its mother, has three transverse rows of recurved bristles, 
which in after growth are replaced by the colored bands that 
encircle adult shells, the formation of these bands as well as 
of the bristles being caused by different organs which are suc- 
cessively developed in the same part of the mantle.” According 

to our observations this is hardly correct. The three spiral 
lines of bristles encircle the last whorl, and the two upper lines 
are continued on all except the apical whorl. The color bands 
are present at and before birth and not afterwards developed. 
In addition also to the brownish bands there are three some- 
what irregular blackish bands on the mantle and plainly visible 
throngh the transparent shell, formed of a number of blackish 


24 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


spots and streaks more or less closely agglomerated; the 
blackish and pale-brown bands are not exactly coincident 
with each other except at the aperture, and neither are on the 
same spiral plane as the rows of hairs. Three fleshy processes 
of the mantle which are placed correspondingly to the rows of 
bristles would appear to be the organs of their formation. 


Mr. W. G. Binney, in “‘ Land and Fresh Water Shells of 
North America,” says, in speaking of Vivifara contectotdes 
Binney, “It has been by some authors considered identical 
with that species [P. contecta Millet], and with the exception 
that the American form has four spiral bands upon the body 
whorl, while the European is described as having but three, I 
can detect no specific difference between them. It is more 
upon its geographical distribution that I base my opinion of its 
being distinct.” 

We would point out that P. contecta not only differs in its 
larger size, but has a greater number of. whorls, a much more 
open umbilicus, and the colour bands are somewhat differently 
disposed, and we certainly regard it as distinct from contectozdes 
Binney. 

Several varieties have been described by various concholo- 
gists but none have as yet been recorded for our county. 


3. Vale of York—Formerly abundant in a ditch near Clementhorpe, York, 

but none have been found of late years, S. W. North. 

4. Humber—The Rev. R. D. Maxwell includes this in his List of Goole 
Shells, but as the Goole district is defined to include an area of 
twenty miles radius, it is quite possible that his specimens were 
collected at one of the other localities mentioned, or even in 
Lincolnshire, a county in which the species is abundant. 

. Hatfield and Thorne—Gravel Drain, W. Eagle Clarke! 

Went Vale—Ditches near Askern Pool, E. Lankester, 1842; several 
fresh but dead shells in the stream running from and in the pool at 
Askern, in 1881, H.S.! 

10. Co/lne—Huddersfield, introduced, J.Wh. [probably from Lancashire]. 

22. Upper Derwent—The late Mr. W. Bean records this species for Scar- 

borough, but it is very probable the locality he obtained his speci- 
mens from was near York. It does not appear in the list of 
Scarborough shells, kindly furnished by Mr. J. H. Ashford. 


NU 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880, (pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA, 25 


Paludina vivipara (L.). 


Locally abundant. 


Vivipara costee Heldreich. 
Paludina Duboisiana Mousson. 
Paludina subfasciata Bourg. 

The V. coste described by Heldreich from Turkey would 
appear to be referable to this species. Dr. Kobelt also refers 
to its synonymy, faludina Dubotsiana Mous., and Paludina 
subjasciata, Bourg. 


Lovell Reeve regards, we think erroneously, the Vivipara 
contectoides of Binney, a native of the United States, as a variety 
of this species ‘‘ lighter and more inflated in growth.” It ap- 
pears to us to have more affinity with P. contecta Miilet. It is, 
however, but right to add that most authors prior to Binney 
were of the same opinion as Mr. Reeve. 


The Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., of York, records the effect of 
sudden frost upon the species when left unexpectedly exposed on 
the bank. ‘‘On January roth, 1880, the Ouse at York was 
considerably lowered by opening Naburn Lock, and a very 
large number of freshwater shells were consequently left on the 
banks. A hard frost set in the same night (the thermometer 
registering eight degrees of frost), and continued till the lock 
was closed. ‘The mud banks became perfectly hard to the 
water’s edge, and faludina vivipara, which occurs in great 
abundance, was unable to resist the frost in spite of its opercu- 
lum and thick mud coat. All the specimens I examined were 
dead. Some had made a futile attempt to bury themselves, but. 
as they live in a stony part of the river, they had not a fair 
chance.” Mr. Hey infers that this species lives too deep to be 
accustomed to a temperature below thirty-two degrees. 


M. Joly has recorded that he has submitted this species 
to a temperature of 23° Fahr., after keeping them without food 
for three months, and on dissolving their icy prisons found 
them all still living. 


26 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA._ 


Mr. R. M. Christy, writing of it in the River Ouse at York, 
says ‘when the river is at its full height they are difficult to get, 
but when lowered they can be procured in any quantity. Above 
York it is not uncommon, but below it is clustered round the 
mouths of some small ditches on the Bishopthorpe side. No 
doubt they preferred the sewage and filth that was in the water. 
One specimen was obtained 4o mill. long. 


Dr. Jeffreys says that the Rev. Dr. Gordon has found 
this species at Findhorn, in the Moray Firth district, but Dr. 
Gordon expressly states it to have been a dead ballast shell, 
and not indigenous to the locality. 


P. vivipara seems from our experience to ascend after 
midday from the depths of the canal or river and approach 
more closely to the surface. We have observed this peculiarity 
at different times. In the early morning all were deep in the 
water or resting on the bed of the canal, but as the day 
advanced they crawled into the shallows or ascended the canal 
sides to the surface. 


Heaps of broken shells are sometimes found by the canal 
sides, evidently destroyed by rats. 


3. Vale of York—Profusely abundant in a stony part of the River Ouse 
below York, very fine in the Foss, Rev. W. C. Hey. 


4. Humber—Very abundant in the canal at Selby, in the places bare of 
vegetation, amongst the mud and stones! Goole, R.D.M.; in 
disused lime pits formerly connected with the river at Brotherton, 
not very common ! 


7. Went Vale—Madder Close, Askern, E. Lankester, 1842. 


8. Dearne—Wombwell, near Barnsley, H.C.! Wakefield and Barnsley 
Canal at Barnsley, A.P.T.! near Doncaster, Rev. W. Hincks, 
1840. 

12. Lower Calder—Pretty common in the Wintersett Canal, W. E. Brown ; 
New Miller Dam, J.W.; Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at Wake- 
field! at Agbrigg! near Heath Common! Royston! and between 
Walton and Cold Hiendley, A.P.T.! rarely in a stream near 
Sandal Castle, J. H. 


13. Airedale—Aire and Calder Canal at Swillington, H.S. ! 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 27 


Var. nov. albida. 
Shell white. 

“Two specimens of this variety labelled Paludina vivipara 
var., are in the York Museum, where they were deposited by 
Prof. Phillips. The precise locality is unknown, but it is most 
probable they are from our county.” R.M.C. 


:O: 


Genus BYTHINIA Gray. 

The genus Sythinza differs from Paludina not only by its 
oviparous character, but by the possession in a lobe or pouch of 
the stomach of a cartilaginous cylinder analogous to the crystal- 
line stylet of some of the conchifera, and also in the absence of 
the horny jaws which Paludina possesses. 


Bythinia tentaculata (L.). 
B. patavina De Betta. 


Very abundant and widely diffused. 


The &. patavina of De Betta is, according to Dr. Kobelt, 
a variety of this species. 


B. tentaculata, though not a native of North America, has 
recently been introduced into that country, having been first 
noticed in 1879, at Oswego, N.Y. ; a little later in the Cham- 
plain Canal at Waterford and Troy; and early in 1880 was 
found plentifully in the Erie Canal at Syracuse, N.Y. In some 
localities it is already abundant. 


It would seem to be generally diffused throughout York- 
shire, as it is only absent from those districts for which we have 
been unable to obtain information. 


The Rev. W. C. Hey has found at Askham, near York, a 
variety with an encircling white band at the periphery, and Mr. 
R. M. Christy records an elongated form from the River Foss, 


28 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


which may possibly be the variety pvoducta of Menke, but we 
have not seen specimens of either. 


The ova of this species have been described as being placed 
in three long rows. According to our observations this is not 
always the case. Some specimens collected in July deposited 
ova a few days afterwards, in two rows of about eleven eggs 
each, terminating in single ones. The gelatinous envelope of 
each egg was pentagonal in shape, the acute angles always 
directed inwards and alternating with each other, the nucleus 
small and of a yellowish colour, and placed near one side, the 
terminal ones round, except where joined to those contiguous. 
The capsules were transparent, and the total length was about 
18mill., the breadth 3mill. 


B. tentaculata appears to have in some degree the peculli- 
arity of P. wivipara of ascending to shallower water after mid- 
day. 


According to Mr. G. S. Tye, who has given some attention 
to the subject, this snail suspends itself after floating by a 
mucous thread, which is usually attached to the surface of the 


water. 


Subfossil specimens are thrown up by the moles about 
Askern, where it is in immense quantities beneath a thin 
stratum of peat and underlaid by calcareous tufa. 


1. Mersey—Greenfield Canal, J.Wh. 

2. Lune and Ribb/e—Common in a pond close to the River Ribble at 
Gisburn, W.D.R. ! 

3. Vale of York—Common and fine in a dyke near Church Fenton, H.P. ; 
common in Bishop Dyke and various ditches near Hambleton! and 
Milford ! common in a dyke at Ryther, H.P.; Tadcaster, H.C. ! 
unusually fine in Askham Bog, near York, W. C. Hey; River 
Foss, W. C. Hey; dead shells among mud &c. thrown out of the 
Foss Beck near Catterton, F. G. Binnie; Hobmoor, near York, 
R.M.C. 

4. Humber—In a ditch near the canal and in thecanal at Selby! Milford, 
in ditches! Goole, R.D.M.; Drax, R.D.M.; Camblesforth, 
R.D.M. ; Howden! F. Emsley, of Leeds! stream at Castleford ! 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 29 


Canal near Gateforth! and near Burton Hall! Snaith, R.D.M. ; 
dykes about Hambleton ! Breighton, J.D.B. 


. Hatfield and Thorne—Abundant in a ditch parallel with Black Bank 


Drain, W.D.R.! 


6. Trent—Conisborough, J.W. 
7- Went Vale—In a stream running from the pool, Askern ! common ina 


10. 
Il. 
12. 


13. 


17. 


18. 


20. 


22. 


BBs 


24. 


12 


ditch in Cowick Park, W.D.R.! Pontefract, J.C. ; sparingly in 
the River Went, W. E. Brown; a pond near Went Bridge, Hugh 
Richardson ; in Ackworth School Canal, the Mill Dam Dyke, 
and Plantation Mill Dam, G. F. Linney; abundant at Ack- 
worth, invariably covered with an earthy incrustation, C.A. 

Co/ne—Abundant in the canal at Huddersfield, J. Wh. 

Upper Calder—Halifax, H.C. ! abundant in canal at Elland, J.Wh. 

Lower Calder—Common throughout the Wakefield district, J.H.; 
abundant in the Wakefield and Barnsley Canal near Wakefield, 
H.P., and common, but small, at Royston! New Miller Dam, 
J.W.; Pond at Normanton! very abundant in mill stream at 
Wintersett, W. E. Brown. 

Airedale—Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Armley! Kirkstall! Newlay ! 
Calverley! Saltaire! Bingley! and Micklethwaite! Frizinghall 
Dam, W. West, of Bradford! Aire and Calder Canal at Oulton! 
stream at Allerton Bywater! common at Lofthouse, G. Roberts. 

Wensleydale—Ponds at Staveley! common in ditches, and occasion- 
ally in the River Ure near Hackfall, J. D.; Canal at Ripon, J. 
Ingleby! one dead shell in a horse pond at Jerveaulx Abbey, 
W.D.R.! Snape, H.C.! one in a pond at Masham, H.P. 

Swaledale—Common in ditches and stagnant ponds about Thirsk, 
J. H. Davies, 1855. 

Lower Tees—General in the district, J. W. Watson 3 Pond near Redcar, 
C.A.; Beck between Redcar and Marske, C.A. 

Upper Derwent—Scarborough, W.B. and J. H. Ashford. 

Chalk Wolds—Abundant and generally distributedaround Hull, J.D.B.; 
fine in Long Lane, J.D.B. ; common at Figham, J.D.B. ; River 
Hull, J.D.B. ; Leckonfield Moat, J.D.B.; Swinemoor, J.D.B. ; - 
Burlington, J.S.G. ; Londesborough, J.D.B.; plentiful in the 
River Hull at Driffield, L.B. Ross ! 

Holderness—Ditch near Hornsea Bridge, J.D, B. ; Leven Canal, J.D.B.; 
Common in Hornsea Mere, W.D.R.! plentiful in the river near 
Foston, L. B. Ross ! 


Var. excavata Jeffr. 


. Went Vale—Askern, J.C. 


Lower Calder—New Miller Dam, J.W. ; Kirkthorpe, J.H. 


30 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Var. albida Rimmer. 
Shell white. 


4. Humber—One specimen in a sluggish stream at Castleford in 1865 ! 


Var. ventricosa Menke. 


7, Went Vale—Askern district, J. W. 


Monst. decollatum Jeffr. 


4. Humber—Stream at Castleford ! 

7. Went Vale—Askern, J.W. 
10. Co/ne—Plentiful in the Elland Canal, J. Wh. 

11. Upper Calder—Plentiful in the Huddersfield Canal, J. Wh. 

12. Lower Calder—Plentiful at Kirkthorpe, J.H. ; New Miller Dam, J.W. 


:O: 


Bythinia Leachii (Sheppard). 


Local and occasionally abundant. 


Subfossil specimens of this species are thrown up by the 
moles about Askern. 


3. Vale of YorkK—Common but not fine in the River Foss and the small 
stream running into it at the third lock from its junction with the 
Ouse, R.M.C. 
4. Humber—Snaith, R.D.M. ; Drax, R.D.M.; Knottingley, J.W.; ditch 
near Gateforth! abundant amongst decaying vegetation in the 
Selby Canal at Selby and near Burton Hall! ditch at Bubwith, 
J.G.! 
5. Hatfield and Thorne—Common ina ditch parallel with Black Bank 
Drain, W.D.R. ! 
Trent—C onisborough, J.W. 
. Went Vale—Askern Pool, E. Lankester, 1842; plentiful in a ditch at 
Askern! Nostel Lake! 
. Lower Calder—Found commonly amongst decaying sedges at the sides 
of the Wakefield and Barnsley Canal, J.H., at Agbrigg, H.P., and 
at Oakenshaw ! New Miller Dam, J.W. 


SD 


= 
Ny 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1883). Series C 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 31 


13. Airedale—Aire and Calder Canal near Fleet Mills, Oulton, H.S. ! 

20. Lower Tees—Appears to be absent from the district, J. W. Watson. 

22. Upper Derwent—lIt appears in the late Mr. Bean’s list of the shells of 
Scarborough, but has not been found by Mr. J. H. Ashford. 

23. Chalk Wolds—sSeveral in dykes near Brough, J. Wh. ! scarce in a ditch 
at Figham, near Beverley, where the water is strongly impreg- 
nated with iron, J.D.B.; Beverley, W. C. Hey. 


24. Holderness—Ditch parallel with Leven Canal, J.D.B.; scarce in 
Barmston Drain, J.D.B.; Hornsea Mere, W.D.R. ! 


Var. albida Rimmer. 
Shell white. 


12. Lower Calder—In the Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at Oakenshaw ! 


Monst. decollatum Jeffr. 


12. Lower Calder—In the Wakefield and Barnsley Canal at Oakenshaw ! 


Saas 


Family VALVATIDZ. 
Genus VALVATA Miiller. 


Valvata piscinalis (Miller). 


Valvata Tolosana St. Simon.” 


Common, but local. 


Judging from specimens of VY. Zolosana received from M. 
Vimont, of Toulouse, we are inclined to consider it as a small 
variety of this species. 

Dr. Jeffreys considers the Valvata tricarinata of Say, a 
native of North America, to be a variety of V. piscinalis. The 
dentition of the two species is different, and the general aspect 
seems to us to favour its specific distinctness from our form. 


It appears to be fond of basking on the soft mud in the 
sunny shallows of gently flowing streams or ponds. M. Laurent 
has noticed it to have the power of spinning a downward 
thread, 


32 


NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 


Subfossil shells are thrown up by the moles in the neigh- 


bourhood of Askern. 


12. 


13% 


17. 
18. 


20. 
22. 


23 


24. 


. Lune and Ribble—Pond close to the River Ribble at Gisburn, W.D.R.! 
. Vale of York—Plentiful in streams and dykes about Milford! South 


Milford! Bishop Dyke at Milford! and Hambleton ! abundant 
in the River Foss, W. C. Hey; Askham, W. C. Hey; Malton, 
J.D.B.; common in a Mill goit at Newthorpe! River Ouse at 
Naburn and Bishopthorpe, R.M.C.; River Derwent at Kirkham 
Abbey, W. C. Hey. 


. Humber—Goole, R.D.M. ; ditch near Gateforth! in a ditch near canal 


at Selby! 


. Hatfield and Thorne—Scarce in Gravel Drain, W.D.R.! common in a 


ditch parallel with Black Bank Drain, W.D.R. ! 


. Trent—Conisborough, J.W. 


. Went Vale—Bentley near Doncaster! ditch near Askern! occasionally 


in immense abundance-in the River Went at. Went Bridge! com- 
mon in the mill pond at Ackworth, C.A. ; Ackworth School Canal, 
G. F. Linney ; Hemsworth Dam, H. N. Brady; Nostel Lake, 
H. Richardson. 

Lower Calder—Moderately common in the Wakefield and Barnsley 
Canal, J.H., at Wakefield, H.P.; abundant at Wintersett Reservoir, 
C.A. ; New Miller Dam, J. W.: 

Airedale—Bingley, J. W. ; a few in a reach ofthe river Aire at Swilling- 
ton, in 1872! 

Wensleydale—Snape, H.C. ! 

Swaledale—Amongst Fontinalis antipyretica in the Codbeck, Thirsk, 
J. J. Binns, 1855; not unfrequent in ditches at Newsham Carr, 
J. H. Davies, 1855. 

Lower Tees—Apparently not occurring in the district, J. W. Watson. 


Upper Derwent—Appears in the late Mr. Bean’s catalogue of Scar- 
borough shells, but is not included in Mr. J. H. Ashford’s. 


Chalk Wolds—Moderately abundant at Swinemoor, in a ditch at Fig- 
ham, and in the River Hull, J.D.B.; moderately plentiful in the 
canal and ditches at Brigham, L. B. Ross! 


Holderness—Leven Canal, J.D.B.; Skidby Drain, J.D.8.; moderately 
plentiful in the canal and ditches at Foston, L. B. Ross! 


Var. depressa C. Pfr. 


- Vale of York—There are specimens in the British Museum labelled as 


from York, R.M.C. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1883). Series C 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 97 


York in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
B. tenuicornis (AZ) See second list, p. 64. 


NEMATINA. 

x Hemichroa alni(Z.) Near York, three specimens bred 
in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. 90). 

x Cladius viminalis (7a//.) Near York, 1879 or 1880, the 
larve found under the leaves of the balsam and black poplars, 
seven or eight together (Wilson, Ent., p. 89). 

Creesus septentrionalis (Z.) See first list, p. 28. 

York, visited the locality during 1879 and 1880. In the 
former year I noticed it upon alder, birch and hazel, stripping the 
bushes: in 1880 I noticed it only on birch, but in greater numbers 
than in the previous year. It isnot, I believe, a species of general 
occurrence, though when it does occur it is found in some abun- 
dance, from its being a gregarious feeder (Wilson, Ent., p. 88). 

x C. varus Devill. York; I had the good fortune to meet 
with a number of larve in 1879, feeding upon some small alder- 
trees in this neighbourhood (Wilson, Ent., p. 89). 

x C. latipes Devil/. Near York. I met with a dozen larve 
on some birches in a hedgerow in 1879 (Wilson, Ent., p. 88). 


Nematus capreee /:. See first list, p. 28. Near York, 
five specimens bred in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
N. conductus Auzhe. See first list, p. 28. 
x N. hortensis Ag. One example, 1881, Holgate (Wilson). 
x N. myosotidis fad. Near York, three specimens, 1879 
or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 
xN. luteus /z. One example, seated on an alder-leaf, 
Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 


N. bilineatus AZ See first list, p. 28. Near York, 1879 
or 1880, five specimens bred (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


N. ribesii Scop. See first list, p. 28. 
Huddersfield, 1879, very common (S. D. Bairstow). 


g8 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


York, 1880, very abundant (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


York, 1881: there is a little fact in connection with this 
species which may be worth recording, as it is said that some 
species of sawflies are without males. One fine morning in the 
month of May I was strolling round the garden, when my atten- 
tion was suddenly called to a swarm—I may say, for it very much 
reminded me of a swarm of bees—of about one hundred or more 
of the males of this species suddenly congregated together and 
flying about apparently in a state of excitement. On looking 
about me for the cause of this strange gathering my eye rested 
on fifteen or twenty on a heap; I pushed them aside to see what was 
up, and to my surprise there was a newly-emerged female (Wilson). 


xN. miliaris /z.=virescens Az. Huddersfield, 1879 
(Bairstow). 
York, five specimens bred in 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


N. viminalis Z. See first list, p. 28. 
York, 1879 and 1880. In pea-shaped and round galls, mainly 


on the under side of leaves of willows. I met with it near York 
on two or three bushes, the two different-shaped galls being on 
bushes very near each other. Whether the bushes on which both 
galls were found are one species of willow, or two distinct species, 
I cannot exactly say: only this appeared to be certain, that the 
same insect is produced from both (Wilson, Ent., p. go). 


xN. pedunculi “//. York, 1881, found the galls ¢*of this 
species sparingly on narrow-leaved sallows. Named by Mr. E. A. 
Fitch (Wilson). 


N. gallicola MWest=vallisnieri A/7g. See first list, p. 28. 


Cryptocampus pentandree(Xe/z.)—medullarius (zz: ) 

‘Mr. Peter Cameron informs me that the insects recorded by 
Mr. Peter Inchbald as C. angustus Htg., were wrongly named and 
really pertained to this species. ‘Therefore the record at p. 28 
of the present volume of the Transactions should be corrected 
accordingly (Roebuck). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 99 


CIMBICINA. 
Cimbex sylvarum /aé. See first list, p. 28. 
[C. maculatus: vide p. 27]. 


Trichiosoma betuleti( AZ.) Storthes Hall, Huddersfield, 
cocoons found in March, 1879, sent to me by Mr. S. L. Mosley 
(Roebuck). 

Bishop Wood (Naturalist, June, 1880, v. 173). 

Abounds in the larva state on the hawthorn hedges round 
York (Wilson, Ent., p. 88). 


Abia sericea (Z.) See first list, p. 29. 

The larvee of this species were found by Mr. G. T. Porritt, 
F.L.S., feeding plentifully on Scabiosa in an old rough field 
adjoining Lepton Great Wood, Huddersfield, on the 28th of 
July, 1882. They were determined by Mr. P. Cameron. 


Zareea fasciata (Z.) See first list, p. 29. 


HYLOTOMINA. 


Hylotoma fuscipes /a//=violacea K/. See first 
list, p. 29. 
x H.ustulata(Z.) York,one beaten out of oak, 1881 (Wilson). 


LYDINA. 
x Lyda flaviventris (Retz. /=clypeata A7/. 

Mr. Thomas Wilson “was fortunate in obtaining a specimen 
of this species during the summer of 1879, amongst young currant 
trees” near York (Ent., p. go). 

In 1881 I met with this insect again in the perfect state (two 
examples) and Iam happy to say that I have met with it in the 
larval state. During August I found several of the webs of this 
larva; they reminded me of those of the Small Eggar ( L7zogaster 
Janestris) although they were different from that species in colour, 
having a faded orange appearance. ‘The larvee themselves are 
orange with darker longitudinal lines until the last moult, when 
the dark lines disappear. At this stage of their existence, if the 
web is in any wise disturbed the larvee wriggle out, let themselves 


[00 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


down to the ground and quickly bury themselves; I was much 
interested in watching the operation (Wilson). 


L. hortorum AZ.=L. cingulata Steph. See first list, p. 27. 


xL. sylvatica (Z.) Captured amongst birch in Acomb 


Wood, 1881 (Wilson). 
CEPAINA. 


x Cephus pygmeeus (Z.) York, 1881: scarce, as far as my 
observation goes (Wilson). 


Family STRICIDA. 


Sirex juvencus Z. 

York Minster: see Morris’ Naturalist, 1854, p. 158. 

I saw a specimen in 1880 in the possession of Mr. Firth of 
Bradford, taken near that town (Roebuck). 

S. gigas Z. 

Yorkshire: see Morris’ Naturalist, 1854, p. 158. 

Masham and Leeds, 1879 (Nat., v. 78). 

Carlton near Thirsk, Sep. 22nd, 1881. d 

Almondbury near Huddersfield (Rev. G. C. B. Madden in 
Nat., Nov., 1881, vii, 66). 

Very small: Chapeltown Road, Leeds, a 9, measuring 
exactly 1 inch from head to end of ovipositor: Oct. 19, 1880 
(Roebuck, Nat., Nov. 1880, vi. 59). 

At sugar at Sandburn (W. Prest, Ent., Sep. 1880, xilil, 219). 

Leeds, 1880 (Nat., Nov. 1880, vi. 59). 


Family CVNIPID4—Gallfites. 


x Cynips quercus-gemime Z. (—fecundatrix Hz.) 
Specimens sent from Huddersfield by Mr. S. D. Bairstow 

were returned with this name by Dr. S.C. Snellen van Vollen- 
hoven, in 1879. 

xC. Rose-spinosissimee Jnuchbald. See the Ent. W. 
Intell., Sep. 7, 1861, x. 178, and Zool., 1861, xix. 7824, for Mr. 
Inchbald’s account of this insect, which is in all probability from 
Yorkshire. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. Io1 


x Heptameris pygmeea Dém. Mr. Peter Cameron informs 
me that he has this insect—one of the parasitic Cynipidee—from 
Scarborough. 


Family ICHNEUMONIDZ. 


[The species included in the following list are those collected 
and determined by Mr. S. D. Bairstow and Dr. S. C. Snellen van 
Vollenhoven, and those recorded by Mr. T. Wilson in a paper on 
“Tchneumonidz at York” published in the Naturalist, May 1881, 
vol. vi., p. 153, together with a further series of captures by Mr. 
Wilson in 1881 which have not hitherto been published. No less 
than 59 species are here added to my former lists, showing that, 
thanks to the labours of Messrs. Bairstow and Wilson, some good 
work has been done in respect of this important group of 
Hymenoptera. Mr. Wilson’s captures were all made in the West 
Riding, within a very few miles of York city, and in the deter- 
mination of his insects he was assisted by Messrs. Bridgman and 
E. A. Fitch. I add the remarks of Mr. Bairstow, introductory to 
his report, which, owing to his now having settled in South Africa, 
will probably be his last for some years.—W. D. R.] 


It is with feelings of painful regret that I handle my pen in 
writing a report—which I fear will be my last for some years— 
of this group. Regret, because I have to conclude my work so 
recently begun, because I have to sever myself (though not my 
heart and good wishes) from the midst of my many and dear 
Yorkshire naturalist-friends. Regret also in the remembrance 
that a helping hand which was ever ready and willing to assist me 
in any conceivable manner has been suddenly and irrevocably 
withdrawn. A few short months ago Dr. Snellen van Vollenhoven 
of the Hague wrote to me in the following strain: ‘You need be 
in no fear of ¢voubling me to name specimens for the Yorkshire 
naturalists. Such assistance as lies in my power, this I do gladly 
and affectionately give, and wish your hard working Union 
God-speed and success in all branches.’ Hours and hours were 


102 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


devoted by this true naturalist and gentleman to naming the 
insects which on behalf of the Union I have from time to time 
forwarded to him. Soon after this communication I received a 
box of insects with the intimation of Dr. Vollenhoven’s decease. 
I was not altogether unprepared for the sad news, as he had 
in one of his letters remarked in his quaint English, ‘Do not be 
surprised if you should obtain a.long ensueance [interval] of 
silence. I have been indisposed now for some time, and I fear 
results which will compel for me a cessation of our pleasant letter- 
talk. I send to you returned the case of insects, named to the 
best of my poor endeavours.’ Dr. Vollenhoven, eminent and 
distinguished as he was, was not too clever to assist beginners, as 
witness the following extract from one of his epistles: ‘You need 
never to apologise to me. The ladder of nature is enough broad, 
and high, and strong, to bear the weights of all those who desire 


© Chinnlo°—S, ID), 1B, 
ICHNEUMONIDES. 


x Chasmodes motatorius (/aé.) Female taken May 17, 
1879, ina stump containing Ahagium bizasciatum at Adel Bog 
near Leeds by Mr. Roebuck. Chiefly recognised as a parasite of 
Nonagria typhe. 

“One found in the early spring of 1881 under bark of oak, 
Acomb Wood (Wilson). 

x lchneumon lineator /ad. Male var. (?) Vollenhoven. 
Taken at Askham Bog near York, June 2nd, 1879 (Bairstow). 


xl. derasus Wesm. Male (?) Vollenhoven. Given to me 
by Mr. Charles Smethurst of Leeds, labelled “bred from Zezzo- 
campa gothica, Foundry Lane, Wortley, Leeds.” This species is 
the var. stigmate rufo Gr., of Ichn. comitator L. (Bairstow, 1879). 

|. trilineatus Gm. Wakefield, 1879, C. W. Richardson 
(Bairstow). 

Two examples in 1879 or 1880 by searching under bark of 
aider trees in Askham Bog, York (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 

l. vaginatorius Z. York, 1881, one example captured on 
an umbel of Heracleum sphondylium (Wilson). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 103 


Ichneumon luctatorius Z. Gunthwaite near Penistone, 
a male in 1879 (Bairstow). 
Found in Edlington Wood near Doncaster, 1879 or 1880 
(Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 
xl. raptorius Z. Yorkshire; bred by S. L. Mosley, 1879 
(Bairstow). 
x1. nigritarius G7 Norledge Moor, 1879 (Bairstow). 


|. fabricator 7a. Reported from the following additional 

localities: Leeds, W. D. Roebuck; Wakefield? C. W. Richardson; 

Mirfield, S. D. B.; Gunthwaite near Penistone, S. D. B.; all in 
1879 (Bairstow). 

Severalexamplesat Holgate during theseasonof 1881 (Wilson). 

x l.curvinervis Ho/mg. Two found at Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 


xl. pallidatorius Gz=rufifrons Gr. One captured in 
Acomb Wood, 1881 (Wilson). 


xl. lanius Gr. Three specimens from oaks, Holgate, 1881 
(Wilson). 


x |. tibiator G7.? Yorkshire, 1879, bred (Bairstow). 


x Hoplismenus extensorius (Z.) Appears to be new to 
Britain: not in Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonide, 
1872. 

Yorkshire, 1879; @ ov. Vollenhoven. ‘Seems to be var.” 
(Bairstow). 


x Exophanes occupator(G7.) Yorkshire, 1879, no locality 
specified, C. W. Richardson (Bairstow). 


Amblyteles armatorius (/ors/.) Bred from Bishop’s 
Wood specimens of /Votodonta camelina by Mr. Charles Smethurst, 
June 7, 1878. Ilkley, a male in 1879 (Bairstow). 

The examples in September, 1881, amongst young oak trees, 
Holgate (Wilson). 


x A. oratorius (fab.) Male bred by Mr. John Grassham of 
Leeds, June 13th, 1878. A fine specimen from Healey House 
near Huddersfield, 1880 (Bairstow). 


104 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


x Amblyteles crispatorius (Z.)—xanthius (Gz. ) 
Male var., Bradley Wood, Huddersfield, 1879 (Bairstow). 


x A. vadatorius (fossz). Goole, 1879 (Bairstow). 


x Trogus alboguttatus G7. A fine male taken at Bishop’s 
Wood by Mr. Charles Smethurst, Aug. 5, 1878 (Bairstow). 


x Eurylabus dirus Wesm. Near York, bred by Mr. Thomas 
Wilson, who was not certain about its host (Nat., 1881, vi. 153). 


x Platylabus pedatorius (Zaé.) Goole, 1879 (Bairstow). 
York, 1879 (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 


x Pheesogenes candidatus (G7)? Taken in Acomb 
Wood near York, 1881 (Wilson). . 


x Alomyia debellator (/ad.) Captured at Holgate near 
York, 1881 (Wilson). 


CRVPTIDES. 


Phygadeuon variabilis G7 Marsh, near Huddersfield, 
1879 (Bairstow). 


x P. bitinctus (Gm.) Found in Acomb Wood, near York, 
1881 (Wilson). 


x P. oviventris Gz York: two examples bred from Lmphy- 
tus cinctus in May, 1881 (Wilson). 


x Cryptus parvulus Gv. One example in Acomb Wood, 
1881 (Wilson). 


x C. porrectorius (/ad.)=C. assertorius 7a. Variety. 
Taken in Acomb Wood, 1881 (Wilson). 


x C. analis Gr Variety? Captured at Holgate in 1881 
(Wilson). 


GC. migrator (7ad.) Yorkshire: Mr. S. L. Mosley gave me 
a female which he bred from some geometer larva: the record of 
locality, &c., 1s unfortunately lost (Bairstow). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 105 


OPHIONIDES. 


x Ophion luteus (Z.) Three examples picked up along a 
hedge-row, Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 


Ophion, species? In the Field, Jan. 3, 1880, Mr. Peter 
Inchbald records a “Flight of Ichneumon flies.” He says that 
on the 18th Noy., 1879, while he was walking across a moor in 
the North Riding, he was surprised to see a whole flight of tawny- 
coloured Ichneumon-flies, of the genus Offzon (‘most likely 
O. luteum”). ‘They kept constantly alighting on the heads of 
ling and heather, though it was difficult to discern their object in 
doing so. 


xO. minutus A7iechb. York, 1879 or 1880, captured flying 
along a hedgerow. ‘‘In the Entomologist, vol. xiil., page 54, Mr. 
Bridgman says of this species that it is new to the British list. 
This will, therefore, be the second British example.” (Wilson, 
Nat., 1881, vi., 153). 

x Anomalon xanthopus (Sc#v.) Yorkshire, S. L. Mosley, 
1880 (Bairstow). 


x Agrypon canaliculatum (Razz.). Near York, September, 
1879, beat out of a hawthorn hedge (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 

x A. septentrionale Ho/mgr. New to Britain. Described 
in the Naturalist for July, 1879, iv. 185 (Bairstow). Huddersfield, 
female, 1879. 

One example at Holgate in 1881 (Wilson). 
-x Paniscus cephalotes Ho/mgr. York, 1879 or 1880, bred 
from pupa of Dicranura vinula (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 

x P. virgatus (fou7c.) York, 1881, two found in oak wood 
(Wilson). 

xP. testaceus G7. York, 1879 or 1880, two specimens, 


flying round some hawthorn bushes (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 
Two examples in September, 1881, Holgate (Wilson). 


x Campoplex pugillator (Z.) One in Acomb Wood, 
1881 (Wilson). 


106 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


x?Limneria dumeticola Aolmgr. York in 1881. Mr. 
Bridgman says of this ‘“‘that it approaches nearest the description 
given by Holmgren of dumetzcola but not exactly,” and adds that 
‘it does not agree with any recorded British Limneria” (Wilson). 


x L. longipes (dZi//.) One specimen at Holgate near York, 
188% (Wilson). 


x L. majalis (Gz) One specimen at Holgate, 1881 (Wilson), 


x Limneria, species affinis ruficincta Ho/mgr. Among 
the Yorkshire specimens taken in 1878, which I sent to Dr. 
Snellen van Vollenhoven, is one named by him as above, of 
which no particulars are known (Bairstow). 


x Mesochorus confusus AHolmgr. York: caught in the act 
of ovipositing on the larva of Vematus ribestt in 1880 (Wilson, 
NBN, Sig Wib 13) 

x Exetastes osculatorius (/ad. J=E.clavator Gv. York- 
shire specimens bred in 1879 and sent to Dr. Vollenhoven, 
were returned by him with the name of JZ. clavator Gr. 
(Bairstow). 

York, 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 


TRYVPHONIDES. 


Mesoleptus typhze G7 Two in Acomb Wood near York, 
1881 (Wilson). 

x Euryproctus nigriceps(G7.) York,four specimens bred 

in 1879 or 1880 from cocoons of Zichiosoma betuleti (Wilson, 

Nat., vi. 153). From cocoons of the same insect found during 


the winter months, bred in 1881, fourteen examples, male and 
female (Wilson). 

x Perilissus pallidus (G7) York, 1879 or 1880 (Wilson, 
INN Wb 1253). 

Mesoleius? species. York, 1881, bred from Cvesus 
latipes. About the end of June or beginning of July I tooka 
brood of this sawfly, which made up safely in a flower-pot. They 
remained thus until September, when five of them came out as 


Trans, Y,N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 107 


second brood. Shortly after from the same pot came up an 
ichneumon-fly, which I forwarded along with others to Mr. 
Bridgman, and he returned unnamed and doubtfully a Mesoleius. 


x M. dubius Yolmg. Found at Holgate in 1881 (Wilson). 


M. aulicus (G7.) | 
x M. opticus (Gz. ) f 
York, 1879 or 1880, hovering about some willow stumps con- 
taining larve and pupze of Sphecia bembeciformis. ‘These specimens 
came from the stumps, but whether from these larve or not Iam not 
prepared to say (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 
x M. insolens (Gr.) One example taken at Holgate, 1881 
(Wilson). 


x Trematopygus atratus Holmgren. York, 1881. This is 
returned as new tothe British fauna. I have had several examples 
from Cresus septentrionalis. \.r. Bridgman also informs me that 
“it has been bred on the continent from the same host” (Wilson). 


x Tryphon elongator (/ad.) York, September 1879, 
beaten out of a hawthorn hedge (Wilson, Nat., vi. 153). 
Captured amongst nut-bushes, Holgate, in 1881 (Wilson). 


x T. rutilator (Z.) Several along the Poppleton road, York, 
in 1881 (Wilson). 

Cteniscus lituratorius (Z.) Several examples taken and 
dozens more might have been; some in the act of ovipositing and 
numbers flying near and amongst gooseberry bushes, where its 
host Wematus ribesit feeds. This species lays its eggs in its victims 
when they have passed theirsecond moult. York, 1881 (Wilson). 


x Metopius micratorius (/aé.) A male captured on Rom- 
balds’ Moor in 1878. This is a fair addition to the list (Bairstow). 


M. dentatus (/ad.) I took a very fine male on Goole 
Moor. It is worth noticing that this species is subject to great 
variation in size: all the insects I have received from the East 
Riding are considerably larger than those from the West Riding 
(Bairstow). 


108 YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


PIMPLIDES. 


x Perithous’ varius (G7.) Several captured at Holgate in 
1881 (Wilson). 
Pimpla turionellz (Z.) Two examples in 1881 at Hol- 
gate near York (Wilson). 


x P. rufata (Gm.) Dungeon Wood, Huddersfield, male, 
Aug. 1879; also female taken on Seamer Moor near Scarborough, 
September 1878, by Mr. George Tyers (Bairstow). 


York, 1879 or 1880, “captured at large” (Wilson, Nat.,vi. 153). 


P. scanica (Vil/.) Occurs very commonly at Gunthwaite, 
in the lanes skirting the woods by the pool (Bairstow). 
Several at Holgate in 1881 (Wilson). 


x P. oculatoria (7aé.) Huddersfield, taken in an outhouse 
at Woodland Mount (Bairstow). Probably infesting spiders’ eggs 
(Vollenhoven). 


x P. graminellee (.Scxr.) On hawthorn leaves, Healy House 
near Huddersfield, 1880. Determined by comparison with speci- 
mens sent by Dr. Capron of Shere, Surrey (Bairstow). 


x P. stercorator (fab.) York, 1879 or 1880, captured at 
large (Wilson, Nat., vi. 152). 

x P. brevicornis Gr. One found in Acomb Wood, 1881 
(Wilson). 

xP. nucum azz. York, 1879 or 1880, ‘‘captured at large” 
(Wilson, Nat., vi. 152). 

x Lissonota cylindrator (Vzi/.) Male and female found 


amongst alders at Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 


x L. sulphurifera Gr. York, beat out of a hawthorn hedge 
in September, 1879 (Wilson, Nat., p. 153). 


[Meniscus setosus (/ourc.) I have an idea of having seen 
this insect a few years ago. Has any one observed it? As it 
is a parasite of Cossus ligniperda, I should be glad of some 
confirmation of the fact before recording it (Bairstow). ] 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 109 


family BRACONIDA:. 


x Bracon variator ees. Askham Bog near York, taken (in 
the cocoon I believe) by Mr. Charles Smethurst at the Y. N. U. 
excursion (Bairstow). 


Apanteles glomeratus (Z.) It is interesting to know, 
as I have observed in another place, that I have bred this parasite 
from the larvee both of Prerzs brasstce and P. rape. Dr. Vollen- 
hoven informed me that there could be no doubt of the identifi- 
cation in both cases. He had himself observed the same fact 
(Bairstow). 


x Microgaster globatus (Z.) Received from S. L. Mosley 
and G. T. Porritt (Bairstow). 


Tribe OX YURA. 


We have now for the first time to record the names of 
Yorkshire species pertaining to this group, Mr. Peter Cameron, of 
Glasgow, informing me that he has 

x Lagynodes pallidus (of. ) and 
x Galesus clypeatus Z/oms., both from Scarborough. 


Tribe FOSSORES. 


The following captures were made near York during the 
season of 1881: 


Nysson spinosus (/ad.) One example, Holgate (Wilson). 


Gorytes mystaceus (Z.) Three on the umbels of 
Fleracleum sphondylium, Poppleton (Wilson). 


Crabro cribrarius (Z.) One on an umbelliferous plant, 
Poppleton (Wilson). 


C. patellatus /z. One ona poplar-leaf, Holgate (Wilson). 


Cemonus unicolor (Zzvd.) Three examples bred from 
the pith of Rosa canina, Holgate (Wilson). 


IIO YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. 


Tribe DIPLOPTERA— Wasps. 


Odynerus spinipes (Z.) Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 

O. parietum (Z.) ‘Two fine examples captured in rose- 
house, Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 

Vespa crabro Z. 

With reference to my remarks at pages 49 and 50 of the 
present volume, Mr. Robert Cook, writing to me under date of 
Feb. roth, 1879, assured me that there was no mistake on his 
part in the record of the capture of the hornet, neither can he 
believe that there was any on the part of his friend (Mr. Crick) 
who brought the specimen to him, zw/exz alive, in a paper box, out 
of which Mr. Cook turned it into an insect net, killed, pinned and 
set it himself. His friend was not an entomologist and therefore 
could have had no interest in making a false statement. His 
statement of the capture was of its ‘hovering about some bee- 
hives’ which he had in a small garden behind the house he then 
occupied in Bishophill in the city of York. Mr. Cook had only 
become acquainted with him two or three weeks before (entirely 
by chance) they being both collectors of coins. Mr. Cook adds 
that had he been at the time as ardent a collector of Hymenoptera 
as he was of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and old coins, he would no 
doubt have visited Mr. Crick’s garden with the view of securing 
if possible specimens himself. 

There never was any reason to doubt the genuineness of the 
occurrence spoken of by Mr. Cook, but his explanation reveals 
the fact that there was but a single specimen of the hornet, and 
that it was hovering about bee-hives. ‘Thus an opening is made 
for a reasonable surmise that the single specimen was an accidental 
straggler. I saw three specimens in Mr. Cook’s collection, all of 
them undoubtedly Vespa crabro (Roebuck). 


V. norvegica fad. 

The Rev. W. W. Fowler records that on the 11th August, 
1881, while he was collecting beetles on umbelliferous plants at 
Stamford Bridge near York, he captured a specimen of this wasp 
(E.M.M., March 1881, xvii. 237). 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


YORKSHIRE HYMENOPTERA IN 1879, 1880 AND 1881. III 


Tribe ANTHOPHILA—Bees. 


Halictus leucozonius (Sciv.) Taken near Leeds in the 
spring of 1879 by Mr. W. P. Weston, the specimens being 
identified by Mr. E. A. Fitch (Roebuck). 


H. cylindricus (4aé.) Several (and one specimen of a 
variety) on flowers of ragwort, near York, 1881 (Wilson). 


Andrena albicans (Xéy.) Two males taken near Leeds 
by Mr. W. P. Weston in the spring of 1879, and named by Mr. 
E. A. Fitch (Roebuck). 

Several in 1881 at Holgate, York, flying amongst herbaceous 
flowers (Wilson). 

A. fulva (Schv.) Rastrick (see Nat., June 1880, v. 173). 


A. chrysosceles (Aéy.) Two in 1881 on herbaceous 
flowers, Holgate (Wilson). 


Nomada ruficornis (Z.) One amongst wood, Acomb 
Wood, 1881 (Wilson). 

Bombus muscorum (Z.) A few in 1881, Holgate (Wilson). 

B. lapidarius (Z.) A few at Holgate in 1881 (Wilson). 


B. virginalis (A2y.) Wothersome nr. Bramham (Roebuck, 
Nat., June 1880, v. 173). 


B. lucorum (Z.) Holgate, abundant in 1881 (Wilson). 


B. subterraneus (Z.) One on flowers of rhododendron, 
Holgate, 1881 (Wilson). 


I12 ENTOMOLOGICAL’ SECTION: ANNUAL MEETINGS, ETC. 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. 


The Third Annual Meeting of the Section was held in 
Huddersfield on the 17th January, 18£0, when the following 
officers were elected :— 


President: Mr. G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., Huddersfield. 
Secretary (re-elected): Mr. S. D. Bairstow, F.L.S., 


Huddersfield. 
The Fourth Annual Meeting was held in the city of 
York on the 15th January, 1881, when the following officers were 


elected :— 
President: Mr. W1LL1AM PREstT, York. 


Secretary: Mr. E. B. WRIGGLESwortTH, Wakefield. 


The Fifth Annual Meeting was held in Bradford on the 
4th of March, 1882, when the following officers were elected :— 


President: Mr. G..T. Porritt, F.L.S., Huddersfield. 


Secretary (re-elected): Mr. KE. B. WRriGGLESwoRTH, 
Wakefield. 


The AnNnuaL Report of the Section for 1881, written by 
Mr. E. B. Wrigglesworth, Secretary, is printed in the Naturalist 
for May, 1882, vol. viil., pp. 157—163, and includes notes on the 
species of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera observed in the county 
_ during the year. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series D 


ge ee 


ENTOMOLOGICAL TRANSACTIONS OF 
THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 
VOL. 2. 


LIST 


OF 


YORKSHIRE 
LEPIDOPTERA. 


BY 


GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.LS., 


MEMBER OF THE* ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETY OF LONDON; PRESIDENT OF THE 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


LEEDS : 
PRINTED FOR THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION 
BY TAYLOR BROTHERS. 


1883. 


Ate 


} 

ay, } 

xii: 

: RNS AUhR 
ut ays as 


A LIST 
OF THE LEPIDOPTERA KNOWN TO OCCUR 


IN YORKSHIRE. 


IBY (Co TW IPO INIRIEII, IRIS, 


President, Entomological Section, Vorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 


For four years, except when the state of my health has pre- 
vented it, I have been carefully collecting all the information I 
could respecting the lepidopterous fauna of our large county. 
And as a good portion of the county has been fairly well worked 
for many years, the result is a highly satisfactory list. I have to 
thank most sincerely kind friends all over the county for sending 
me the results of their investigations; and I have also culled 
largely from nearly all the available entomological literature. 
Specially must I acknowledge my great indebtedness to Mr. W. 
Denison Roebuck, the energetic secretary of our union, who for 
many years has assiduously collected together as published, 
nearly all the information relating to the entire fauna of York- 
shire. His collected records of the lepidoptera would of them- 
selves have made a fair county catalogue, and he unreservedly 
placed them all in my hands for incorporation in the present list. 


Many species and localities given in some of the older works, 
and indeed in some of the more recent records, I have been 
compelled to omit, the evidence in such cases not appearing to 
me to be sufficiently conclusive to warrant them a place. 


In most cases I have thought it advisable to give an authority 
for the species, though in a great many instances the species and 
localities are also vouched for by several other lepidopterists 


2 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Generally the name of the town is given as sufficiently indicating 
the locality of the species, but in such well-known and favourite 
collecting grounds as Askham Bog, Edlington Wood, Bishop’s 
Wood, Thorne Waste, etc., these are given in preference for 
such species as are known to occur there, though frequently they 
will also be found all round the adjoining city and towns of York, 
Doncaster, Selby, and Goole, respectively. I consider the four 
localities just alluded to about the best in our county for general 
collecting, we know at present. Of Askham Bog, Mr. W. Prest 
says he “never met with a place more prolific in insect life.” 
And Mr. William Warren, of Cambridge, who collected at Don- 
caster from 1866 to 1876, says he knows “no place so rich in 
species, for so small a compass, as a small wood, one-and-a-half 
miles out of the town of Doncaster.” Probably in the future, 
however, other at present comparatively unexplored spots will 
prove to be equally productive. The most unproductive parts 
are undoubtedly the cold, clayey districts of the South West 
Riding, and the paucity of lepidopterous life in them is certainly 
very discouraging to an enthusiastic student. 


Mr. N. F. Dobrée’s “ Beverley” must often be understood 
to include the district of Holderness generally ; while Mr. A. 
Doncaster’s “‘ Sheffield” takes in a considerable radius round that 
town, in order to include several favourite localities of the old 
Sheffield collectors, some miles distant. 


For the sake of brevity I have generally given the initials of 
the person who vouches for the locality of a species, the lepidop- 
terists thus represented being as follows :— 


ANIM Ale Blo (ae lens), ui SOI gag coe ona ee PLA. 

Birchail, Edwin, F.L.S., Derby Square, Douglas, ; 
Isle of Man, formerly of Leeds. ... E.B. 

Butterfield, E. P. P., Wilsden, Bingley. Ade. EPS B eee 


Carrington, J. T., F.L.S., Royal Aquarium, 
Westminster, London. J.T.C. 
Carter, J. W., 24, Valley Street, Valley Road, 
Bradford. J.W.C. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


INTRODUCTION. 3 


Clarke, Wm. Eagle, F.L.S., 5, East View, 
Hyde Park Road, Leeds. W.E.C 


Cook Robert, 20; Collier Gate; VYorkm.g 4°... RIE 
Wolrce, Noh. Whe New, Walk, “Beverley... 2... ...) N.¥.D. 


Doncaster, Arthur, 36, Strand, London, W.C., 
formerly of Sheffield. A.D. 


Dunning, J. W., M.A., F.L.S., 12, Old Square, 
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. J.W.D. 


Foster, Thomas, 6, Wren Lane, Selby. Seat meee Welt 
Grassham, John, 11, Meanwood Street, Leeds. ... J.G. 


Harris, Rev. G. P., M.A., Hawes Vicarage, Bedale, 
formerly of Richmond. G.P.H. 


Harrison, John, 7, Victoria Bridge, Barnsley. ... RET 
Hartley, Bernard, Park View, Pontefract. ... ... Beatle 
Hawley, J., 55, Hall Gate, Doncaster. ...... J. Hawley. 
Hebson, R., Selby. ee awe: RNS See ere ROE 
Horton, Rev. E., Wick, Mickassiee: sac uueecga aes E.H. 
Inchbald, Peter, ELS, Fulwith Grange, Harrogate, 

formerly of Huddersfield. Jeall. 
Lawson, Major, High Street, Bridlington. ... ... M.L. 
leawtonwee Wet asiaeton,) Eiull) 2... ss. ek) Re Wel, 


Madden, Rev. G. C. B., B.A., Armitage Bridge 
Vicarage, Huddersfield. G.C.B.M. 


Morris, Rev. F. O., Nunburnholme Rectory, York. F.O.M. 


Mosley, S. L., Beaumont Park, Huddersfield. ... S.LM. 
Pickles; James, Woodhouse Hill, Hunslet, Leeds. Vols 
OK ty Greed. Sa smGderstields + l.c8 ee a Gd PS 
Prest, William, 13, Holgate Read, York. <.. ... W.P. 
Richardson, C. W., St. John’s Grove, Wakefield. C.W.R. 
Rockett, Miss Kate, Snaith Hall, Selby. ...... KGRS 
Roebuck, Wm. Denison, Sunny Bank, Leeds. ... W.D.R. 
Rowntree, J. H., Westwood, Scarborough. ... .... J.HLR. 
Sang, John, 6, Chestnut Street, Darlington. leacane: 
Smethurst, Charles, 25, Chatham Street, Leeds. ... C.S. 
Smith, John, Bramham....... tod eigty fayese J.Sm. 


Talbot, William (thelate), Mount Bere Wakefield. W.T. 


4 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Taylor, John W., Potternewton Lodge, Leeds. ... J.W.T. 
Taylor, W. E), of Wondon; formerly of Weeds: 22. Welw: 
Tyers, George, 68, Belle Vue Road, Leeds. Bes Gale 


Varley, James (the late), Almondbury Bank, 
Huddersfield. .<J.V. 


Warren, William, 51, Bridge Street, Cambridge, 
formerly of Doncaster. W.W. 


Wilkinson, Thomas (the late), Scarborough. ee T.W. 
Walsonsaihomas, gclol cate Vonks. enn T. Wilson. 


I have also availed myself of information contained in the 
following works and journals :— 

Entomologist. Series. 

Entomologist’s Annual. 1855 to 1873. 

Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. Series. 

Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer. 1856 to 186r. 


Hobkirk’s “‘ Huddersfield, its History and Natural History.” 
1868. 


Morris’s “ British Butterflies and Moths.” 

Naturalist. Old and New Series. 

Newman’s “ British Butterflies.” 1871. 

Stainton’s ‘ Manual of British Butterflies and Moths.” 1857. 
Transactions of Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 1877 to 188o. 
Young Naturalist. 1879 to 1882. 
Yorkshire Naturalist’s Recorder. 1872-3. 

Zoologist. Series. 


The arrangement followed is that of M. Guenée, as com- 
piled by the late Mr. Henry Doubleday in his “ Synonymic List 
of British Lepidoptera,” that arrangement being the one adopted 
in my own collection, and probably in most others in our county. 


I believe that so far as the macro-lepidoptera are concerned, 
the list will be as nearly accurate as it 1s possible to make it; and 
I have no hope that many more additions will be made to the 
number of species. Of the micro-lepidoptera I cannot speak 
with as much certainty, as I know but little about the Tortrices, 
and still less about the Tineina, and have consequently had to rely 


Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


INTRODUCTION. ; 5 


almost entirely on the lists supplied and on published informa- 
tion, without being able to give them the thoroughly sifting process 
applied to the macro-lepidoptera. The group has been but very 
imperfectly worked, and although the list is probably a nearly 
accurate one of what is known, the next few years will doubtless 
add considerably to it. 

An analysis of the entire list shews that we have 1343 known 
Yorkshire species out of 2031 British species, made up as 


follows :— 
Yorkshire. British. 

DUM ee eee ae aA ON TOULT OL On: 
IN@GEIANIO ae Meee eral vec OO 3 112 
GEOUMEHHS sag ond “goo BOF i 278 
Dre panullseeasn eas eset sees ee .; 6 
Pseudo-Bombyces... ... 19 ad 27 
INO Ch Wie Ss lees 225 a 309 
Deltoides Kean eee a 8 vs T4 
Aventiz eae ie Aor ise oT es I 
Pyralides Se Vitis aie AO a 75 
@rambitesws sar) 2) ee sO 5 80 
MRO RERICES wasp nso gas ee ZOU - 334 
MIMNIMENVAS ho ee cans Sac 447 he 700 
TPYSTROOI NOVO, Gon son ono SS 5 31 
PAMUCTRIM Ate oles te pageh iL a. I 

1343 2031 


The abbreviations used by Mr. Stainton, in his ‘‘ Manual,” 

thus :— 

! signifying common, 

!! signifying abundant, 
as being those to which we are most accustomed, are adopted. 
But it must not be supposed for localities where these signs do 
not appear, that the species in them is necessarily not “common” 
or “abundant,” for in many, indeed in most, lists sent in, there 
was no indication whatever given as to the relative scarcity or 
abundance of species. 


6 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


I purposely avoid saying anything about the geology or 
botany of our county, as, although they have of course interest- 
ing relationship to, and close connection with, the lepidopterous 
fauna, they have already been fully dealt with by other members 
of our Union, in other portions of our “ Transactions,” or in 
separate works wnich treat of the respective branches of science. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


DIURNI. 


Papilio Machaon Z. There is satisfactory evidence that this 
fine species formerly occurred with us, although it has long 
been extinct. At page 27 of Haworth’s ‘“‘ Lepidoptera 
Britannica” (1803) we read “I know Machaon,the common 
swallow-tailed /apzlzo, breeds near Beverley yet, and my 
brother-in-law, R. Scales, of Walworth, near London, 
possesses a specimen of it which was taken there seven 
years since.” 


Leucophasia sinapis Z. Rare. Once near Doncaster in 
1837 (Morris Brit. Butt., p. 29); Huddersfield, one (7.2); 
Sheffield (4.D.) 

Pieris brassicee Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Pieris rape Z. Abundant everywhere. 
Pieris napi Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Anthocharis cardamines Z. Generallycommon throughout 
the county, but less so in some parts of the West Riding. 


Gonepteryx rhamni Z. Of general occurrence (except in 
the coal districts of the West Riding, where it is rare), but 
scarcely so common as the last. 


The variety Cleopatra occurred at Thrybergh Park, 
near Rotherham, June 27th, 1860 (Kev. #. A. Pickard, 
Ent. W. Int., viii. 171-2, Sep. 1860). 

Golias Edusa 72é. This species is of very irregular appear- 
ance, but has occurred in all parts of the county. In 1877 
it was especially plentiful, and probably there was scarcely 
a district unvisited by it. Some of the localities given are 
as follows :—Arthington, several in 1877 (C.S.);_ Askern 
(W. Nelson); Barnsley (/.4.); Batley (Oscar Wildsmith) ; 


8 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Bingley (2. P.P.8.); Bolton Abbey (G. Roderts) ; Bradford 
(J.W.C.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Bridlington (AZ, Z.); 
Flamborough Head, about a score on June 27th 1877 (W. 
B. Turner); Goole (Hf. & Parsons); Huddersfield, one 
in my own collection, taken at Shepley in 1870 (G.7-P.); 
a few previously and several in 1877 (Hobkirk’s History of 
Huddersfield, G.T.P. and S.£.M.); Hull (7. Young) ; 
Ilkley (4.4); Lartington (/. Gardner); Leeds (/.G.); 
Pontefract (B.4.); Raskelf (G.Z.); Richmond (G.?. Z.); 
Scarborough (7:W.); Selby (7.#); Sheffield (4.D.); 
Spurn Head, occasionally (W.Z.C.); Wakefield, quite 
common in 1877 (W.7:); Wath-upon-Dearne (4. Payne) ; 
York (W.P.) 

- The variety Helice has occurred at Richmond (/. 
Sang); two at Wakefield, in 1877 (4. Zum); and two 
at York, in 1877 (Mfessrs. Hind.) 


Colias Hyale Z. Very rare, but has occurred at Heslington 
Field, near York, eight specimens in 1842 (&.C., Zool, 
1847, v. 1844), also Sept. 3rd, 1842 (7. A. Allis, in New- 
man’s Lentom., Dec., 1842); Horningsea (W.W.); Selby 
(R.A. and 7:7); and York (4/7. Robinson in Stainton’s 
Manual ). 

Argynnis Paphia Z. Distributed, but not by any means 
common. 

Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Edlington Wood (/./) ; 
Huddersfield, very rare (P./.); Maltby, Sheffield (4. D.) ; 
Pontefract (6.4.); Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough 
(/-7.R#.); Wakefield, rare (W.7.); York (#.C., Entom., 
Feb., 1842). 


Argynnis Aglaia Z. Perhaps still rarer than the last. 
Flamborough Head (4.4); Maltby, Sheffield 

(CAD) Pontettact (E775). scarborough erates. 
Selby (2.4. and 7\/-); Wakefield, rare (W. Z:); Whitby! 
(W.E.C.); York (W.P., Entom., x. 130). 


+ 


Trans.Y,.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


DIURNI. 9 


Argynnis Adippe 7a2. Bishop’s Wood (W.£.C.); Scar- 
borough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Pontefract (6./7) ; 
York (#.C. and Stainton’s Manuat ). 


Argynnis Lathonia Z. ‘Two specimens of this very rare 
species are recorded. One on Oliver’s Mount, Scar- 
borough, in September, 1868 (7,4. 4#.); the other near 
York (Z.8., Newman’s “ Butterfites,” p. 35). 


Argynnis Euphrosyne Z. Occurs in many places, but is 
not often common. 

Askham Bog (WP.); Bishop’s Wood !! (/.G.).; 
Bramham ! (/.S.); Castle Howard (W.P., Vat. v. 176) ; 
Doncaster (/.H.); Goole (H. Hal/); Huddersfield, very 
rare (/.V.); Richmond (/. Sang); Roche Abbey (W. 
Hf, Smith, Ent. W. Int., iv. 85); Scarborough (/. 7.2.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield, rare (W.7:); York (WP, 
Pt Uti 1 O59; p. U23)). 


Argynnis Selene /as. Askham Bog(W.P.); Bawtry (/.#); 
Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Bramham Park (WAT); 
Edlington Wood (& O. Morris, Brit. Butt., 1860, 
p. 108); Sandbeck Park (John Seppenstall); Scar- 
borough (/.4.#.); Sheffield (4.D.); Pontefract (2.77); 
Tadcaster ; York (WP, Ent. W. Niiinn Wifp TAB). 


Melitzea Artemis /a/. Askham Bog (WP); Leeds 
(Z.8.); Hunslet, one in Middleton Wood (/.7.); Sand- 
beck Park, Lord Scarborough’s (/ohn Heppenstall, Neww- 
man's Entom., Aug., 1842); Selby, (2. and 7.F); 
Sheffield (4.D.); York (W.P.) 

Vanessa C-album JZ. Distributed, but only common ina 
tew localities. 

Has occurred at Adel Blackmoor, near Leeds 
(W.H.T:); Askham Bog, “in the rough field adjoining 
the middle bog” (W.P.);  Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; 
regularly at Doncaster (/. Hawley); Green Hammerton, 


ie) PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


sometimes abundant (John Harrison, of Wilstrop Hall) ; 
Halifax (L.L., Newman's “ Butterflies,” p. t31); Helms- 
ley, abundant on September 5th, 1872 (#: Raine, Entom., 
vi. 236); Pocklington (A. W. Griggen, Ent. W. Int., 
1858, £. 179); Pontefract (2.4); Rotherham, abundant 
in 1856 (W. Thomas, Ent. W. Int., i. 180, 1856); Scar- 
borough!! (7: W.); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.T.) ; 
Whitby ! (WZ.C.) 

Vanessa urticee Z. More or less common all over the 
county. 

Mr. John Grassham took the variety No. 3 of New- 
man’s ‘‘ Butterflies,” at Bishop’s Wood; and Mr. S. L. 
Mosley records a peculiarly dark variety at Bradford, in 
1877. 

Vanessa polychloros Z. Not uncommon, but not often 
taken in numbers. 

Barnsley (/. 4.) ; Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Bradford, 

’ rare (/.W.C.); Doncaster (/. Hawley); Halifax (Vew- 
man’s “ Butterflies”); Wuddersfield (G.Z:P.); Horbury 
(G.T:P.); Leeds (/.G.); Scarborough (Z7.W.); Sheffield 
(4.D.); Wakefield (WT); York (W.P.) 


Vanessa Antiopa Z. This fine and rare species has at 
different times been taken in almost every part of the 
county. In 1872 it occurred in numbers all over England, 
and in our own county was almost common, being 
observed or taken at the following places :— 

Barnsley, six specimens (/.#.) ; two of these are in 
my own cabinet (G.Z7:/.); Beverley, in numbers (7 
Boyes); Bradford (f7.W.C.); Cleckheaton (/. firth) ; 
Driffield (W. A. Jennings); Helmsley, two (/ Razne) ; 
Hornsea (7 Boyes); Huddersfield, several (G.Z:P. and 
SUL) All Keeighleyan Vanes Calvert) ammbceas, 
several (/.G.); Malton, seven (W.P.); Richmond 
(G.P.H.) ; Saltburn ; Scarborough, two (7,7. #.); York, 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


DIURNI. If 


four (W.P.); Wakefield (W.7.); and in many other 
places. 

Other records include in 1858, Brough (7:4...) ; 
Huddersfield—and another in March, 1859 (/.V.); 
Ossett (W. Ullyatt); Pocklington (4. W. Griggen) ; 
Redcar (Z. /. Martin); Whitby, several (W.£.C.). 
At Edlington Wood, Doncaster, in 1875 (/); 
Kirkstall, in 1875 (C. W. Liversedge); Filey, in 1876 
(G. D. Armitage); Bramham, in 1879 (/.S.); Bradford, 
two in 1880; York, two in 1880; Barden Tower, in 
Wharfedale aS3in (22:76: )i-) Doncaster, (/sG.) ; 
Ripon, two (#&. Blakeborough) ; Selby (C:S.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; and Tadcaster (HZ. Wright). 


Vanessa lo Z. Not so abundant as in many counties, but 
occurs in greater or less numbers at Askham Bog(W.P.); 
Barnsley (/.&); Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Bradford !! 
(J.W.C.); Bramham ! (f7.Sm.); Bridlington (JZZ.) ; 
Huddersfield (G. 7: P.); Hunslet (/.?.); Knaresborough! 
(W.D.R.); Leeds (#.B.); Market Weighton (WP); 
Otley (W.D.R.); Ovenden (/ohn Hirst); Pannal 
(W.D.R.); Pontefract (R.Z.); Raskelf (G.7:); Rich- 
mond(/. Sang); Rigton (G.Z:) ; Scarborough! (7,7. 2.); 
Saltburn (/.P.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thirsk (7.G.) ; Wake- 
field (W. TZ.) ; Whitby (W.£.C.) 

Vanessa Atalanta JZ. Generally common throughout the 
county. 

Vanessa cardui Z. Occurs periodically all over the county, 
and was very common everywhere in 1879. 

Arge Galathea Z. At one time a well-known Yorkshire 
butterfly, but now probably extinct. 

““ Near Beverley formerly, but probably extinct there” 
(V.F.D.). “1 have taken A. Galathea at Marr, near Don- 
caster, and on Buttercrambe Moor, near Stamford Bridge ” 
(#. O. Morris, “ British Butterflies,” 1860, p. 34). ‘‘ For- 
merly near Doncaster, but not found there now” (A. Ecroyd, 


12 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, 


Newmans “ British Butterflies”). ‘ Maltby Wood, eighty 
in one day” (William Laycock, Ent. W. Intelligencer, 
1858, ~. 133). Taken at Maltby by Mr. A. Doncaster 
and others. Mr. W. H. Taylor mentions a specimen 
taken at Bramham Park many years ago. ‘“‘ Formerly 
abounded in the woods near Stamford Bridge, but has 
not been seen for some years” (£.8., Entom. v. p. 392). 
Said to have occurred frequently in a quarry near Tad- 
caster, York (2.C., Mewman’s “ British Butterflies,” p. 80, 
and Lntom., 1842). Formerly at Scarborough (Z.2., 
Newman's “ British Butterfties.”) 

Erebia Blandina ad. ‘This northern species has long been 
known to occur in plenty at Grassington, in Upper Wharfe- 
dale, and on the occasion of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union’s visit there, on August 7th, 1882, was found to be 
as abundant as ever on the grassy slopes in the Grass High 
Wood ; I took a beautiful series in splendid condition, as 
also did everyone else who wanted it (G. 2.7.) Mr. Henry 
Denny also reports it from Whernside in Craven (JZag. of 
Zoology and Botany, 1837, 1. 491), but there are no recent 
records of its occurrence there, possibly however because 
it has not been looked for. 

Satyrus A€geria Z. Bramham (/..S.); Edlington Wood 
(/.:.); Huddersfield,” formerly (7.72);  Ledsham'! 
(J.W.T.); Pontefract (6.7); Scarborough (7: WwW); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield( W.Z.) ; Wentbridge( /. WT: 
and G.Z.); York (&.C., Entom. 1842). 

Satyrus Megeera Z. Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Doncaster 
(/.Z@.); Flamborough Head ! (W.Z.C.); Goole (G. 
Mobbs) ; Huddersfield, formerly (P.Z); Hunslet, rather 
scarce (/.P.); Leeds, formerly at Gledhow (WAT); 
Pannal (W.D.R.); Pontefract (B.A); Scalby Mills 
(G.Z.) ; Scarborough (7...) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.7.) ; Whitby !(W£.C.); York (2£.C., Entom. 
1842). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


DIURNL 13 


Satyrus Semele Z.- Abundant on the Castle Hill at Scar- 

borough (G.7Z:P.) ; common at Great Almes Cliff (/P.) 

-Formerly at Nafferton on the heath on the road to 
Pockthorpe (7.0.12, “ British Butterflies, 1860, p. 42). 


Satyrus Janira Z. Generally distributed ; abundant in the 
East Riding, but less common in the West Riding. At 
Huddersfield it seems to be extinct, for although I saw it in 
abundance in a field at Almondbury many years ago, I 


have never seen a specimen there since. 


Satyrus Tithonus Z. Very common in the lanes, &c., on 
the east coast, but less plentiful in other districts. 

Askham Bog(/V.P.); Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; Bram- 

ham (/.Sm.); Bridlington ! (ZZ.); Filey (GC. 77); 

Hunslet! (/.P.); Methley !(/-7.); WRaskelf !! (G. 7); 

- Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough! (/.4.#.); Sheffield 

(aD) thomer \(/) W272.) Wakeheld) (Wee). 

Whitby !! (W.£.C.) 


Satyrus Hyperanthus Z. Bishop’s Wood !! (/.G.); Bram- 
ham! (/..Sm.) ; Edlington Wood ! (G. 7: P.); Huddersfield, 
formerly (/.V.); Ledsham (/.W.7:); Maltby Woods, 
near Sheffield !! (W. Laycock); Pontefract (BZ); 
Raskelf (G.Z:); Richmond (G.P.4.) ; Scarborough! 
(J f.R.) ; Wakefield (W. 7.) 


Chortobius Davus /aé. Abundant nearly every year on | 
Thorne Waste, near Goole (G.7'P.); Cottingham, near 
Hull (7. C. Dale, Zoologist) ; Hatfield Fens (£.4., New- 
man’s “ British Butterflies,” p. 100); not uncommon at 
Hawes, Wensleydale (G.P.4.); and Mr. W. E. Clarke 
took a specimen about 1870, on Adel Moor, near Leeds, 
where it had probably been turned down. 


Chortobius Pamphilus Z. Distributed all over the county, 
but rare in some parts of the West Riding. 


14 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Thecla rubi Z. Askham Bog (WP); Barden Moors, rare 
(Z.P.P.B.); Pickering Valley (/.4.2.); Pontefract 
(B8./7.) ; Sheffield (4. D.) 


Thecla quercus Z. Askham Bog(W?.); Bishop’s Wood 
(/.G.) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (WW) ; Leeds 
(E.B.); Pontefract (B.H); Scarborough (7.W.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.) ; Whitby !!(W.£.C.) 

Thecla W-album //%g. Abundant in Edlington Wood, 
Doncaster, and adjoining lanes and field sides (G.7:P.) ; 

Roche Abbey! (W. A. Smith, Ent. W. Int. iv. 85); 
Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stainton’s Manuad ). 


Polyommaitus phleas Z. Commonly distributed through- 
out the county. 
The white variety, Schmidtii, occasionally occurs ; 
one in my own cabinet was taken at Huddersfield in 1871; . 
another was in Mr. J. Varley’s collection; and one is 
recorded by Mr. W. Clark, from Doncaster. 


Lyceena Aegon Bork. Rather scarce. 
Scarborough (Z'W.); Selby (#.4.. and TF); 
Sheffield, in old list (4.D.); near York (W.P., Ent. W. 
Int., 1858, p. 123). 


Lyceena Agestis WV. Also an uncommon species. 
Boston Spa (Lut. W. Int, 1856, p. 173); Ledsham 
(J.W.T.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (G. 7°) ; 
York (2.C., Entom., 1842). 
Mr. John Sang informs us that the Richmond spect- 
mens are of the form Salmacis Steph. 
‘Lyczena Alexis Ad. Generally distributed, but very scarce 
in some parts of the West Riding. 
Lyceena Alsus 7a’. Boston Spa; Bramham ! (/..S7.); 
Scarborough !! (Z:W.); Sheffield, in old list (4.D.) ; 
. Sutton-under-Whitstone Cliff (7,G.); Wakefield (IV. 7.) ; 
ten miles from York (#.C., Entom., 1842). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 105 


Zygogonium ericetorum &. Baildonand Wibsey. W. West. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Mesocarpus scalaris Hass. Markington. J. S. Tute. 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Staurocarpus gracilis X. 
Horsforth. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


CEdogonium vesicatum Sz. Baildon. W. West. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


CE. Braunii X. Baildon. W. West. Markington. J.S. Tute. 
Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


CE. ciliatum Pixghs. Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


QE. tumidulum X. 
Bramhope and Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Bulbochete setigera “oh. Riccall. W. West. 
Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Vaucheria sessilis DC. Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
V. geminata DC. Headingley. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
V. racemosa Azct. Meanwood. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Oscillatoria tenuis 4g. Potternewton. 


O. autumnalis K. Headingley, Bramhope and Chapel Aller- 
ton. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. Shipley. W. West. 


O. limosa Ag. Shipley. W. West. 
O. muscorum 4g. Allerton. W. West. 


Spirulina oscillarioides Zwz¢. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
_ Lyngbya concinnata &. 
Potternewton. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
L. muralis 4g. Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. Com- 
mon in shady streets all over Bradford and Leeds. W. West. 
Rivularia atra XK. Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Leptothrix ochracea A. Hunslet. Abbott, Emsley & Turner. 
‘Tolypothrix distorta 47, Baildon. W. West. 


106 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Cylindrospermum macrospermum 4. 
Bradford. W. West and J. E. Wilson. 


Calothrix mirabilis Dz//w. Malham Tarn. W. West. 


Nostoc sphzericum oz. 
Ingleton. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


N. coeruleum Zyzgé. Baildon. W. West. 


Monostroma bullosum Zur. 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Schizogonium murale X. Bradford. W. West. 

Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Botrydina vulgaris X. ; 

Headingley. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Pleurococcus vulgaris J/evegh. The most abundant alga 
everywhere (if not consisting of the gonidia of Lichens). 


W. West. 
Coccochloris protuberans Spreng. 


Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Tetraspora gelatinosa Desv. 
Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Apiocystis Brauniana /Vaeg. 


Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Gleocapsa ampla 4. 


Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Ophiocytium majus Waeg. Aldfield. J. S. Tute. 
| Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Sciadium arbuscula A. 4. 
Harrogate. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. | 


Hydrocytium acuminatum A. Sr. Baildon. W. West. 
Gleeocystis vesiculosa WVaeg. Rawcliffe. Nuttall and West. 


Desmidium Swartzii X. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Hyalotheca dissiliens ved. Brimham. J. S. Tute. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879 107 


Cosmarium botrytis Zovy. Markington. J. S. Tute. 
C. tetrophthalmum &. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Staurastrum dejectum de By. 
Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Tetmemorus granulatus 47d. 
Roundhay and Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Closterium Ehrenbergii JZenegh. var. B. 
Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
C. setaceum £72. Meanwood, Roundhay and Adel. 
Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


C. acutum 47eb. Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Pediastrum granulatum &. 
Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
P. Boryanum Zuzp. Markington. J. S. Tute. 
Scenedesmus acutus J#y., var. obliquus. 
Malham. W. West. Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley & Turner. 
Epithemia turgida Xzzg. 
- Bramhope. Abbott, Emsley and.Turner. 
Eunotia trioda (triodon £472. vel triodon erty). 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Diatoma elongatum Ag. 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Bacillaria elongata £472. Markington. J. S. Tute. 


Odontidium turgidulum (turgidum X7zg.) 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 

Nitschia Tzenia Sm. Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
N. minutissima Sm. Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Surirella bifrons £472. 

Roundhay and South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner, 
S. ovata Kg. 

Roundhay and South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


108 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Synedra splendens Kg. Markington. J. S. Tute. 
Roundhay and South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
: Baildon. W. West. 


S. lanceolata Ag. Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
S. ulna Z%7b. Markington. J. S. Tute. 


Amphipleura pellucida Kg. 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Cocconeis pediculus Z%74. Markington. J. S. Tute. 


Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
C. scutellum £/72. 


South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Achnanthidium microcephalum &g. 
Chapel Allerton. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


A. flexellum 4red. Adel. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Cocconema lanceolatum £72. 


; Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
C. cymbiforme £470. 


Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Gomphonema geminatum 4g. 

Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
G. olivaceum Xg. Markington. J. S. Tute. 

Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Sphenosira catena £70. 

Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Navicula rhomboides £472. 
South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Gyrosigma tenuissimum Sm. 
South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


G. Spencerii Sm. South Milford. Abbott, Emsley & Turner. 


G. angulatum Sm. 
South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


G. angulatum var. f. 
South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Trans, Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 109 


Pinnularia minor —? 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


P. major Ravh. Baildon. W. West. 
Stauroneis phoenicenteron £/70. 
South Milford. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Tetracyclus lacustris Ra/fs. 
Roundhay. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


Hymantidium pectinale £472. Baildon. W. West. 


Campylodiscus costatus Sw. Bingley. W. West. 
Markington. J. 5S. Tute. 
Protococcus viridis X. Common. 


P. pluvialis X Leeds. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 
Bingley. W. West. 
Gonium pectorale 4/7. 


Wortley. Abbott, Emsley and Turner. 


THE ‘ NATURALIST.’ 


There have been some very good botanical contributions to the 
organ of the Union during the past year, including bryological 
papers by Messrs. H. Boswell, J. Whitehead, C. P. Hobkirk and 
the Rev. J. Fergusson; “The autumn Flora of Whernside,” by 
Messrs. Lees and West; “Lincolnshire Maritime Plants,” by the 
Rev. W. Fowler, M.A. ; ‘‘List of Mosses occurring near Wetherby,” 
by J. S. Wesley, M.B.; and “The Fresh-Water Algze of the Leeds 
district,” by W. Barwell Turner, F.C.S. 

PLANT DISTRIBUTION 
IN RELATION TO ALTITUDE AND THE NATURE OF THE SOIL. 

The excellent paper upon this subject by Dr. Parsons, 
in last year’s ‘ Transactions,’ has proved very useful by calling the 
attention of our junior botanists to this important subject, for 
already some of the members have written on their herbarium 
labels the nature of the soil the plants were collected 
on, according to Dr. Parsons’ diagnosis of each kind of soil; it is 
to be hoped that these botanists will also write down on their 
labels the altitude at which the plants occurred. 


—————$ 0 


110 LOTANICAL REPORT—1879. 


CORRECTIONS. 


The following rectifications of localities and nomenclature 
have come to hand since the earlier portion of the Botanical 
Report for 1879 was printed off, and as accuracy is desirable we 
give them here.—W. WEstT. 

p. 73—Ranunculus lingua—Potteric Carrs (ot Conisbro’). 
Fumaria Borei—Near Conisbro’, T. Birks (wot Cantley). 


Sagina ciliata—Gravel pit, Armthorpe Road, Doncaster 
(not S. apetala). 


p. 75 —Mieracium vulgatum—Hebden BridgeValley (ot gothicum). 
Pyrola minor—Sandal Beat wood (not Seat Sandal). 

p. 77—Chara opaca Braun.—York (not C. syncarpa). 

p. 78—Rhabdoweissta fugax—Howgill (not R. denticulata). 


p. 80—Amblystegium fluviatile—Wet rocks, Dacre Banks near 
Pateley, W. F. (uot A. irriguum). 


p. 81—Fellia calycina Nees—Howegill Fells (xot Blyttia Lyellit). 
p. 85—Malva moschata—Grimston, G. Webster (zot H. F. P.). 


Bromus serotinus—Rokeby, A. Ley (not B. Benekenit). 
Vide Bot. Exch. Club Rep., 1879, p. 22. 


Chara opaca Br.—Rawcliffe Common (ot C. syncarpa). 


p- 86—Salix nigricans var. Andersontana—Cowside Beck Dale, 
Arncliffe, W. W. (xot phylicifolia). 


p. 87— Weissia crispula—Harrogate, T. Hick. This was amemo- 
randum record, no specimen seen, and the locality is 
unlikely for such an arctic species. Verification unob- 
tainable. 


p. 88—For J. S. Wesley read F. A. Lees (Vide Nat., vol. v., p. 43, 
Oct., 1879, for Dr. Wesley’s repudiation). 


p. 88—Under B. ov7ganum Bosw., for ‘Lowton and Teesdale’ vead 
‘Lonton in Teesdale.’ 


>=»? ea 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL SECTION: ANNUAL MEETINGS, ETC. III 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


BOTANICAL SECTION. 


——— 


The Third Annual Meeting was held at Huddersfield 
on Jan. 17th, 1880, when the preceding report was handed in to 
the Section. 

The officers elected for 1880 were :— 


President: C. P. Hopxirk, F.L.S., Huddersfield. 
Secretary for Phanerogamtic Botany: 
F. ARNOLD LEEs, F.L.S., Wetherby. 
Secretary for Cryptogamic Botany: 
Wi.uiam West, Bradford. 


The Section is much indebted to the following gentlemen 
for assistance in the determination of critical species:—Messrs. 
H. Boswell, F. Arnold Lees, the Revs. J. Fergusson and J. 
Stevenson, and other botanists. 


The Fourth Annual Meeting was held in the city of 
York on the 15th of January, 1881, when the officers for 1880 
were re-elected for 1881, with a Committee consisting of the 
following members :— 


Tuomas Birks, jun., Goole. 
W. Norwoop CHEESMAN, Selby. 
Rev. WILLIAM Fow er, M.A., Liversedge. 
Tuomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., Harrogate. 
GrorGE E. MassEE, Scarborough. 

- H. T. Soppitt, Saltaire. 
GEORGE WEBSTER, York. 


The Phanerogamic Report for the preceding year, written by 
Dr. Lees, follows on the next page. 


The Cryptogamic Report, written by Mr. West, was published 


in the ‘Naturalist,’ for April, June, July, August and September, 
1881, vol. vi., p. 133—7, 166—8, 181—3; vil., 11—15 and 30— 33 


112 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


REPORT on YORKSHIRE BOTANY ror 1880, 


PREPARED FOR THE 
BOTANICAL SECTION OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION, 


By F. ARNOLD LEES, 
M.R.C.S.Enc., L.R.C.P.Lonp., F.L.S., =Tc.; oF WARRINGTON. 


The observations made—the readiest rough test of the work 
done—during the season of 1880, at the six meetings (Hackfall, 
Malton, Barnsley, Boston-Spa, Marsden and Market Weighton) 
are not so imposing numerically as those of 1879. ‘The total 
records in all classes of plants have numbered 1377, relating to 
733 different species: as against 2054, involving 970 distinct kinds 
of plants, in 1879. In part this is accounted for by the wet and 
generally unpropitious season of 1880, but not a little is also due 
to a somewhat stricter practice as regards the inclusion, or rather 
exclusion, of observations made by zez-Unionists amongst the 
botanists of the county, at other than Union excursions, by which 
the numerical summary ceases to be swelled with records to which 
the Union can strictly lay no claim. 

So far as Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams are con- 
cerned, 949 observations have been registered, in which total 
some 544 species are concerned: the figures respectively for the 
previous year being 1396—623. And yet in the interest and 
importance of individual records the year compares more than 
favourably with 1879. 

Foremost in the call for mention is the new form of Sedge— 
a variety new to the European as well as the British flora—with 
the further distinction of having come from a West Yorkshire 
station. This species—Cavex saxumbra Lees—was first gathered 
by myself, growing on overhanging sandy ledges and out of clefts 
of tree-shaded red-gritstone rocks by the ‘lake’ at Plumpton near 
Knaresborough. ‘The affinities of this latest addition to our flora 
are with Carex pilulifera (of which it is at the least a very marked 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—188o. 113 


variety) and a continental plant named C. polyrhiza Wallr., 
resembling the latter in the many stems thrown up in large tufts 
from a creeping fibrous root. In a lineal arrangement of British 
species its position will be between C. precox and C. pilulifera. 
It is a graceful, long narrow bright green-leaved plant, much 
larger in size than the pill-headed sedge: about the stature of C. 
divisa or C. pallescens, and in general appearance is not unlike the 
first named. It has a spike, which from its interrupted, irregular 
character (not patently composed of separate and distinct catkins) 
simulates rather the androgynous section of the genus Carex, than 
those with a terminal, wholly staminiferous catkin, although 
belonging to them nevertheless. When I first sent it to Mr. H. 
C. Watson, that gentleman thought it might prove to be C. poly- 
rhiza Wallr. (wmbrosa, Hoppe.; longzfolia, Host.); but further 
inquiry showed that though C. folyrhiza approximates towards 
C. pilulifera and recedes from C. precox, by reason of densely 
tufted fibrous roots, it has not the prolonged leaf-like bract to the 
elongated lowest spikelet, which forms the most marked feature of 
the Plumpton Carex. As regards this last character, however, 
Mr. Watson points out that in ‘English Botany,’ Syme’s 3rd ed., 
vol. x., plate mdcliii., a second figure of a fruiting spike of C. 
pilulifera is given to shew a bract, which although not leafy, yet 
a little overtops the male catkin; and adds that in his herbarium 
is a specimen with a still longer bract than the one drawn in the 
‘E. B.’ plate, thus furnishing another link to connect the Plumpton 
sedge with C. pzlulifera. As regards their bracts I may add that 
Prof. Babington’s definition of C. pilulifera in his ‘Manual of 
British Botany’ (ed. v. p. 375) is “‘bracts small, lowest scarcely 
leaf-like, awl-shaped, not sheathing”—characters in no way fitting 
C. saxumbra. Dr. J. T. Boswell, however, struck by the very 
different glume and much more spindleshaped fruit, thinks it may 
be a distinct species, and advises cultivation, to ascertain whether 
it will retain its characteristics or revert to the C. pilulifera of our 
exposed wastes; but upon the supposition that it is a luxuriant 
sylvan sport, due to its place of growth at Plumpton being so unlike 


II4 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


its ordinary one, garden treatment is more likely to favour and 
intensify its present aberration from the parent type. There are 
other points of difference besides that of the bracts; but these 
will be defined in their proper place. 


The other new records for 1880 are as follow. 
The signs * and + have the usual meaning; 7. ¢. :— 

* — Not indigenous anywhere in Britain, but now becoming 
acclimatised. 

+=Not native in the spot where found (but naturalised) 
although it may be truly wild in other parts of Britain. 


Clematis Vitalba Z.; Freely naturalised on the southern bank 
of the line, a quarter of a mile west of Thorparch railway 
station. J. Emmet! M.W. York. 


Ranunculus Lingua Z.  Sharow mires near Ripon, plentiful 
and luxuriant. H. H. Slater. M.W. York. 


R. sceleratus Z. Banks of a muddy stream flowing from 
Stockeld Park towards Ingbarrow farm between Spofforth 
and Wetherby. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


R. Lenormandi Sciu/tz. About rills and springs at Woolley 
Edge, near Wakefield. W. West. S.W. York. 


Aconitum Lycoctonum Z.* A naturalised alien in the 
wooded swamp to the back of the ruined house at Bramham 
leaves 18, vets JLSSS M.W. York. 


[fumaria densiflora DC. This, recorded by Rev. H. H. Slater 
in his ‘Preliminary List” for a Ripon Flora, as having 
occurred casually on waste ground, turns out to be a ramose 
procumbent form of F. officinalis. I have examined the 
specimen.—F. A. L.] 


Sinapis nigra Z. On the steep bank of the Wharfe at Linton 
bridge. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1880. 115 


Brassica Cheiranthus /7/.+ A few perennial plants with 
well established roots, occurred on a grassy embankment by 
the bridge over the railway a short distance west of Wetherby 
workhouse, in company with Loftus tenuczs Kit. An alien, and 
a somewhat surprising one, since the species is a plant of 
maritime sands. It must have been introduced, perhaps 
with ballast (or Sarnian grass seed?); but precisely how, I 
have no evidence. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Hesperis matronalis Z.; Casual. On the sandy islet in the 
Wharfe just below Boston Spa bridge. J. Emmet! 
M.W. York. 
Drosera obovata Bad. 
Leckby Carr, near Topcliffe. W. Whitwell. N.W. York. 


Silene puberula Jord. This scabrid-leaved variety of the 
Common Catchfly is almost as common as the type on the 
limestone about Wetherby. J. Jackson. M.W. York. 


Stellaria aquatica Scop. Damp hedge-bank in lane leading 
from Ox-close House to Cowthorpe. F.A.L. M.W. York. 
There is so great a resemblance in facies between this 
species and S. zemorum, that all the Yorkshire records are 
not to be trusted. The lowest leaves in both are stalked, the 
stem of both is more or less pubescent-glandulous above, the 
petals in both are cleft and longer than the sepals, and the 
capsule in seed exceeds the calyx. Perhaps the readiest 
method of distinguishing the two in the field is the compara- 
tive difference in the length and stoutness of the flower 
peduncles. In .S. agwatzca they are stout, viscous with glands, 
straight for 34ths of their length and then rather abruptly 
curved just under the capsule: in S. zemorum they are slender, 
almost capillary and either straight or gently curving from 
their slenderness through their whole length. In flower 
S. aquatica has five styles: S. xemorum only three: in fruit 
the capsule of the Water Stitchwort opens by five valves and 
the diffuse much-branched dichotomous cyme is very brittle, 
easily disarticulating at the nodes. 


116 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


The horizontal distribution of the two species looked at 
from the point of river-basin distribution is somewhat similar: 
S. aquatica standing recorded from all five vice-counties, and 
S. nemorum from all except the East Riding (S.E. Yorks.), and 
yet the area—projected on the flat—occupied by S. zemorum 
is much the larger. Their areas overlap one another, but the 
vertical range of S. xemorum is the wider, not attaining its 
limit upwards in the cloughs and vales amongst the hills until 
1500 or 1600 feet is reached, whereas SS. aquatica is more 
a plant of the central plain and lower lands up to 4o0 feet 
only. S. zemorum on the other hand descends on the banks 
of the larger rivers as low as I00 feet. 


Spergula arvensis var. b. vulgaris Benn. Ina turnip field 
east of Wetherby. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 
This form, in spite of its varietal name implying its 
commonness, is much scarcer apparently—or perhaps only 
more thinly scattered—than var. a. sativa Benn; and may be 
known at once from that gray-green clammy glandulous plant 
by the brighter hue of its less viscid foliage, and by its seeds 
(which form a beautiful object for the microscope) being very 
imperfectly winged, and covered with curious club-shaped 
papilla, pinky white when immature, turning brownish black 
as the seed becomes quite ripe. Members should keep on 
the look out for this singular variety during the next summer, 
as its Yorkshire distribution has yet to be satisfactorily made 
out. It is said to be more a plant of potato or fodder-fields 
than of those of the cereals. 
Claytonia alsinoides Szms. 
Alien. Ina wood at Marsden. W. West. S.W. York. 


Geranium pyrenaicum Z. Bank by the highroad-side a little 
out of Coneysthorpe towards Malton. M. B. Slater. 

N.E. York. 

G. columbinum Z. Sandy lanes above the bridge at Spofforth; 

bank at Flint Mill near Wetherby; and by the roadside near 

Kirk Deighton. F. A. Lees and J. Jackson. M.W. York. 


Trans.Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882), Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1880. 117 
Rhamnus Frangula Z. Wet hedge-bank by ponds at Moss 
Carrs farm, York road, Wetherby. J. Jackson. M.W. York. 


Genista anglica Z. White Car bog, Bramham, just outside the 
wall of the park at its south west corner. F. A. Lees. 


M.W. York. 

G. tinctoria Z. Woodhall banks in plenty in a field between 
the Hall and the Banks farm. J. Jackson! M.W. York. 
Railway bank near Criggleston Station towards the Haigh 

eunnely EA] Lees. S.W. York. 
Prunus Padus Z. Malton; Plumpton Rocks Woods; and 
Marsden. N.E., M.W., and S.W. York. 


Spirza Filipendula Z. 
Ure side, Ripon. H. H. Slater. M.W. York. 


Potentilla argentea Z. By several exposed rocks in fields 
about Crosper and Braham Hall farms, near Spofforth. 

J. Jackson! M.W. York. 

P.procumbens S7éth. Near Marsden. W.West. S.W. York. 

Rubus Lindleianus Zees. Etchell Crags,Scarcroft. F. A. Lees. 

M.W. York. 


R.macrophyllus Wezhe. Woodhall and Stockeld Park Woods. 
fixe ees a) MAW.) York: 


Crateegus oxyacanthoides Z/uz/.+ One bush (with con- 
verging veins of leaves, and 2—3 styles to ovary) at end of 


Crambeck bridge. F. A. Lees. N.E. York. 
Hippuris vulgaris Z. Dykenr. Market Weighton. S.E. Vork. 
Pool between Bardsey and Etchell Crags! M.W. York. 


Callitriche obtusangula Ze Ga//. In a pond close to the 
cliff at Grimston. George Webster! Shlde Words 


Sedum Telephium var. b. Fabaria Z.2. Ledges of the lime- 
stone amphitheatre at Douk Ghyll near Horton-in-Ribblesdale. 
J. R. Murdoch and F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Pimpinella magna Z. Locally plentiful at Spofforth Hill and 
Woodhill lane, Wetherby. J. Jackson. M.W. York. 


118 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


CEnanthe Lachenalii Gme/. One plant by the Ure at Ripon, 
opposite and a little above the canal mouth. H. H. Slater. 
M.W. York. 
This is a new vice-county record, additional to ‘Topo- 
graphical Botany,’ not having been previously recorded on 
unimpeachable authority in Mid-West Yorkshire. — @. peu- 
cedantfolia is, however, an old synonym for this, and under 
that name Baines’ ‘Flora of Yorkshire’ gives ‘‘in ditches 
near Ripon.” 


Linnea borealis Grvonov. Under heather on Silpho Moor, 
near Scarborough. P. Tissiman! N.E. York. 
An addition to the county flora of a most significant 
character, if future observation should confirm its indigenity. 
It was found under the shade of tall heather (ling), not 
flowering. Is Cal//una ever sown? If not, is it not just 
possible that it may have existed for many years as a relic 
(gradually dying out) of a past flora, much more boreal in its 
general character than that at present covering the Cleveland 
moors. We have a similar instance in Cornus suecica (still 
existent but rarely flowering at the ‘Hole of Horcum’) of a 
characteristically highland type of plant skipping from the 
Cheviots to Yorkshire. Other examples are Carex capillaris 
and C. pauciflorus. 


Galium uliginosum Z. Marshy, boggy field below Ingbarrow 
farm, between Wetherby and Spofforth. J. Jackson. 


M.W. York. 
Carduus eriophorus Z. Laneside between Rigton village and 
Etchell Crags. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Arctium intermedium Zange. Spofforth hill, and borders of 
fields near the lodge-gate of Stockeld Park. F. A. Lees. 

M.W. York. 

Gnaphalium dioicum Z. Cross-roads, Stubbing-Moor, east of 

Spring Wood, Rigton; and also in Jackdaw Crag Quarry, 
near Stutton, on dry knolls. J. Emmet and F. A. Lees! 

M.W. York. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


BOTANICAL REPORT—1880. 119 


Doronicum pardalianches Z.t Hedge of field opposite 
Hospital, Harrogate; and in a small thicket by road close by 
Stockeld Avenue Lodge. T. J. Foggitt and J. S. Wesley! 

M.W. York. 


Cichorium Intybus Z. Abundantly in the rocky limestone 
banks of railway cutting at Ingbarrow, about one-and-a-half 
miles west of Wetherby. J. Jackson! M.W. York. 


Helminthia echioides Gaert. Clayey ditch-bank of lane 
behind Woodhill, east of Wetherby. F.A.Lees. M.W. York. 


Lactuca virosa Z. On the rocky bank of road above the 
bridge at Thorparch, known for many yearstome. J.Emmet! 
M.W. York. 

Vaccinium Myrtillus Z. Not common on the Permian lime- 
stone tract. Bushy rocky ledges at east end of Langwith 
‘scrub,’ near the spa well, Collingham; and in lane between 
the fir-woods at Brandon near Scarcroft. Hugh Hall and 
eat IEees: M.W. York. 


Menyanthes trifoliata Z... Aketon bleach-works marsh; and 
Ingbarrow bog-field, west of Wetherby. J. Jackson. 


M.W. York. 
Hyoscyamus niger Z. Two plants on rocky bank by road 
towards Boston from Collingham lane end! M.W. York. 


Veronica montana Z. Hackfall near Kirby Malzeard; larch 
plantation above Bardsey pool; and spinney at Ingmanthorpe. 
J. Jackson and F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Verbena officinalis Z. Waste ground by foot-road, a little 
west of Wetherby Union-house. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Salvia Verbenaca Z. With the last. J. Jackson. M.W. York. 


Calamintha Acinos Clai7v. St. Helen’s Quarry, North 
Deighton. i. A: lees: M.W. York. 


C. menthifolia ost. Laneside just out of Linton towards 


Wetherby; and half a mile from Wetherby on the Collingham 
road. J. Jackson and F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


120 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Stachys ambigua Sy. 
Near Barnsley. H. Johnson! S.W. York. 
Road-hedge N. of Kirk Deighton. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Symphytum officinale Z. In plenty by side of brook 
running into Crimple from St. Helen’s Quarry, N. Deighton. 
J. S. Wesley ! M.W. York. 


Utricularia neglecta Zeim.? ‘This, to all appearance (in 
absence of flowers), was found by J. Abbott in pond at 
Askham Bog near the railway bridge! M.W. York. 


Hottonia palustris Z. Pools, in fields on the left of Walton 
road, past Woodhill, Wetherby; and also in great plenty in 
marshy field by Nidd on right of road a mile past Ribston to- 
wards Knaresborough. J. JacksonandF. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Humulus Lupulus Z. Lane hedge where the Ings footpath 
from Wetherby to Linton joins the road: the female hop- 
bearing plant, which is very much rarer in Yorkshire than 
the male. J. Jackson! M.W. York. 


Typha angustifolia Z. Dyke on north side of the Harrogate 
branch line of railway, about a mile-and-a-half west of Church 
Fenton, with Samolus Valerandi and Potamogeton 


plantagineus. __F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 
Lemna gibba Z. Market Weighton. W. N. Cheesman. 
S. E. York. 


Potamogeton plantagineus Dzcr. Ditches in boggy field 
behind Aketon bleach works, Spofforth. F. A. Lees. 


M.W. York. 
P. pusillus Z. Pond in ings by Wharfe, one mile below 
Wetherby bridge. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. 


Epipactis palustris C7 Marshy field, Ingbarrow, west of 
Wetherby. J. S. Wesley. M.W. York. 


Wet fields by brook near the mill at east end of Boston Spa. 
J. Emmet. M.W. York. 


Trans. Y.N.U., 1880 (pub. 1882). Series E 


[Reprinted from Trimen's Journal of Botany Aprvl, /88/. | 


f\ 
f\ 


F ; West, Newman & Co unp. 
Carex pilulifera var saxumbra,Lees. 
(Leest, firdley, ) 


oy oe aoe) 
YORKSHIRE." 


NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


PART 6. 


Issued to the Members for the year I88l. 


|. =. CONTENTS: 


4 Series yo ecnnate” vor 1A Sheets B,C, D, Ey F. 


ee of Yorkshire Lepidoptera. Gero. T. poe F.L. S. 


~ DIuRNI (Butterflies) pres “pp. 15—16. 
NOCDURNG 2.66 0))5) ni. iy pp. 1620.4 
GHoMBiRa oe Se: pp- 31—62. 

ies DREPANULE ON ea ror OUR TOR. 
PSEUDO- BOMBYCES.. 2.0. pp. 63—66. 

NOCTUAS Maes red pp eee oa, 


St 


ek OTE OTE: 
_W. SATCHELL AND CO., 12, TAVISTOCK SYREET, w.C. 
“LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., PRINTERS, ST. ANN STREET. 


JULY, 1883. 


exits 
Vv 


a oF Compare 


mw 
ee Zoolo« aN 


OCT 11 1945 } ZOAZ4 vient. 15 


SILL a eae Acis W.V. This rare species, although it has never 
yetbeen found in Yorkshire, has occurred so near the county 
boundary that it deserves mention here. It used to be 
taken at Epworth, near Bawtry—in Lincolnshire—and if 
looked for would perhaps be found there still. ‘‘ Several 
near Epworth, Bawtry” (Samuel Hudson, Ent. W. Int., 
1860, vill. 139). ‘In meadows (grass) at Epworth, 
between the roth and 25th July, just before the grass is 
ready for the mower” (Samuel Hudson, Zool., 1864).| 


Lyczena Argiolus Z. Usually not uncommon where the 
holly grows freely. 


Huddersfield (f7,V.); Ledsham (/.G.); Leeds, 
(Z.B.); Richmond (/. Samg); Ripon (G.Z:); Rother- 
ham (/.47.) ; Scarborough (/,4.2.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (WV. Z:); York (Statnton’s Manuat ). 


Nemeobius Lucina Z. Local, but generally plentiful where 
it occurs. 


TBieeneoine !(J.Sm.); Doncaster (Alfred Ackroyd ); 
Maltby (/.@.); Pickering !!(/-4..); Roche Abbey !! 
(W. Hf. Smith) ; Sandbeck Park, ‘Vickhill (/O.47Z.) ; Scar- 
borough (Z.£8.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Syricthus Alveolus #2. Bramham Park (/. Oates); Led- 
stone (C..S:); Pontefract (B.H%); Roche Abbey (WV. H. 
Smith) ; Selby (R.A. and 7\/.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.Z.) ; near York (W.P.). 


Thanaos Tages Z. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (//.); 
Bishop’s Wood (G.Z:); Bramham (/..S.); Hudders- 
field, formerly common, but now apparently extinct (/.V. 
and others); Pannal (/. WZ.) ; Pontefract (6. .); Ras- 
kelf (G.Z:) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Roche Abbey (IV. Z. 
Smith); Scarborough! (/.4.2.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 


field (W.7). 
B 


16 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Hesperia Sylvanus fad. Askham Bog (IVP); Bishop’s 
Wood (/.G.); Bramham! (/..Sm.); Edlington Wood 
(/.HZ.); Ledstone (C.S.); Pontefract (&..) ; Richmond 
(J. Sang); Scarborough! (7,4. 2.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Thorne Waste (/.4.) ; Wakefield (W. 7). 


Hesperia comma Z. Not common. 
Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); ‘‘Scarborough and York ” 
(Z.B., Newman's *‘ British Butterfites,” p. 173). 


Hesperia linea 7ad. Fairly common. 

Askham Bog (WV. P.); Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; Bram- 
ham (/,S7); Piley (G.7.)); Raskelf!((@s7)) ei sear- 
borough! (7...) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorner (/.G.) ; 
Wakefield, where a bone-coloured variety has also occa- 
sionally been taken (lV. 7°). 


NOCTURNI. 


Smerinthus ocellatus Z. Askern (S.D.B.); Askham Bog 
(W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Bishop’s Wood (G. 7.) ; Bram- 
ham ! (/.Sm.); Horsforth (/.7.); Huddersfield, rare 
(G.AEP) Pannal (WDyk))) Pontetract (52-25) mikiche 
mond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (A.D.) ; 
Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Smerinthus populi Z. Common all over the county. 


Smerinthus tilize Z. ‘Once near York” (WY. C. Hewittson, 
“« Stephens’ Lllustrations’’). 


Acherontia Atropos Z. Occurs now and then in all parts 
of the county, and in the potato growing districts of the 
east and south east is sometimes very plentiful in the larva 

* 


state. 
* 
Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


NOCTURNI. 17 


Barnsley (/./7.) ; Beverley (C. Williamson); Boston 
Spa (/. Blackburn); Bradford (7. W.C.); Brantingham, 
abundant in 1865 (7. C. Kingston); Bridlington (JZ Z.) ; 
Brockholes, in 1882 (7.V.); Cawood (C.S.); Driffield 
(7.0.M.); Easingwold (G.7.); Filey (/. Bell); Goole 
(G. Mobos); Guisborough (W. Jeffrey) ; Hackfall (/.G.) ; 
Halifax (D. Baxendale); Hebden Bridge (.S. Gzbson) ; 
Hessle-on-Humber (G. Suzton); WHolderness, some- 
times common (V./7.D. and PA W.ZL.); Huddersfield, 
occasionally (G.Z7°P.); Hull, sometimes common, as in 
1865 (A. Wright); Ilkley (Vincent Taylor); Leeds (Z.L.) ; 
Malton (7.0.47. and W. Helstz7p) ; Marsden (G.7\P.) ; 
Pateley Bridge (W. Storey); Pontefract (B.4.); Rastrick 
(W. Kaye); Richmond (G.P.Z. and G.7.P.); Rother- 
ham (MW. Rodgers); Scarborough, common (/.4.2.) ; 
Selby, sometimes common, as in 1878 (Z7:/); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Tadcaster (Walter Raine); Thirsk (G.T7:); 
Wakefield (W.T7:); Wetherby (WD.R.); Yeadon 
(W.D.R.); York (C. D. Wolstenholme). 


Sphinx convolvuli Z. About equally distributed, but appar- 
ently a rather commoner species than the last. 


Barnsley (/.#.) ; Bedale (W. Culverwell); Bradford 
(J. W.C.); Brantingham, near Brough, in 1860 (Ext. Ann., 
1861, d. 93); Bridlington, frequently taken off the sails of - 
shipping out at sea, also three in the town (A7.Z.); Don- 
caster (/. Heppenstall and W. Clark) ; Driffield (7:0.1Z.) ; 
Halifax, in 1881 (/. Ogden); Harrogate, in 1875 (A. 
Denny); Wessle-upon-Humber (G. Burton); Hudders- 
el dsevierali(G.2e2))ie= lulls ((VE72)))-yaleeeds) (2B) 
Leyburn (/. Sang); Masham (/. Carter, Entom., 1868) ; 
Pontefract (B.4); Redcar (F. S. Rudd, Zool., 1846) ; 
Richmond (G.P.Z4.); Rothwell, in 1877 (C.S.) ;  Scar- 
borough (Z7.W.); Selby, abundant (#.H. and 7./); 
Sheffield (.4.D.); Spurn, sometimes very plentiful (P. W.Z.); 


18 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Wakefield (W.T7. and others); Yarm, 1860 (Zu¢. Ann, 
1861); York, in 1877 (WP). 


Sphinx ligustri Z. A rare species in Yorkshire, but is re- 
ported from Bridlington (JZ.Z.) ; formerly near Castleford 
(C.S.); Hull (f. Young, Ent. W. Int.); Scarborough 
(Stainton’s Manual); Selby (Rk. and 7:-F); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.) ; York, two larve in 1877 (/. 
Ripley). 

Deilephila euphorbize Z. Stainton’s Manual gives Scar- 
borough as a locality for this species, but the record needs 
confirmation. 


Deilephila galii W~V A great rarity, but has occurred as 
follows :— 

Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Bradford, two, one in 1878 
(J/-W.C.); Wuddersfield, several (/ohn Armitage and 
IZI, ye Jeluill, ial wee (5 Iona, Jae VW, Mite, jd. 5) 3 
Scarborough, three (Z: WV); Sheffield (4.D.); Spurn, a 
larva in 1877 (P.W.L.); Wakefield (W. 7.) ; York (Stazn- 
ton’s Manuat ). 


Deilephila lineata 7ad. As great a rarity as the last. 
Barnsley (Stainton’s Manual); Birstall, one by Mr. 
Isaac Binns, on July 23rd, 1867 or 1868 (G.Z7-P.) ; Heb- 
den Bridge in 1865 (.S. Gzbson, Ent. Ann., 1866, p. 151) ; 
Huddersfield, a very fine specimen on July 9th, 1859 (Z. 
Carter, Ent. W. Int., 1859, p. 42); Middleton, Sept. 
26th, 1868, by Mr. Thorp (Sccence Gosstp). 


Chzeerocampa celerio Z. Another great rarity. 
Brantingham Thorp, George Norman (Zool. 1847); 
also at Brantingham in 1865 (/. W. C. Kingston, Science 
Gossip, 1865) ; Doncaster (Staznton’s Manual); Hudders- 
field, several, one in astreet in the town, in 1868 (G. 7: P.); 
Middlesborough (W. Jagger, Ent. Mo. Mag., Jan., 1870) ; 
Wakefield, “one in 1849, one of my first captures” (/. 


Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2 


NOCTURNI. i Ko) 


Sang); one on Sep. 27th, 1860 (Ent. W. Int, ix. 3); 
also recorded by Mr. W. Talbot; aspecimen taken at 
Handsworth, near Sheffield, by Mr. W. Frost, in October, 
1865 (Lxtom., 1866, ~. 71); York, one by Mr. Dosser 
in a cottage at Heworth Moor, October 2nd, 1868 (WP, 
Lint. Mo. Mag.) ; also one on September 28th, 1862. 


Chzrocampa porcellus Z. Perhaps not uncommon in 
the eastern division of the county, but apparently very 
rare elsewhere. 

Huddersfield, one (/.V.); near Hull (7 Voung, 
Ent. W. Int., 1859, ~. 5); Scarborough (Z: W.); Spurn, 
abundant (P.W.L.); near York (W.P., Ent. W. Int, 
1858, p. 123). 
Cheerocampa elpenor Z. More distributed than the last. 
Askham Bog, comes to sugar (W.P.); Beverley 
(Davison) ; Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Rossington (WW) ; 
Scarborough ! (7: W.); Sheffield(4.D.) ; Wakefield ( W. 7:); 
York (Z! Wilson). 


Cheerocampa nerii Z. Of this, one of the very rarest of 
British lepidoptera, a poor specimen was caught in the 
bar-room of a public-house in Sheffield, September 14th, 
1867(A.D.). Probably this is the same specimen as the 
one recorded by Mr. W. Hydes (Zz. Ann., 1868, p. 112). 


Macroglossa stellatarum JZ. Distributed and not un- 
common, but uncertain in appearance. 
Barnsley (/.#.); Bradford (7,W7C.); Bramham 
(/ Sm.) ; Brantingham !! in 1865 (7. & C. Kingston) ; 
Bridlington (A7.Z.) ; Flamborough Head (4.4); Hud- 
dersfield (G. 7-P.) ; Hull!!in 1865 (G. Vorman); Hunslet! 
(OZ) pelticedsi(246,)) > seannalynnynsos) (WZ Oy/ i Pon= 
tefract (B.A); Redcar (/.P.)» Richmond (G.P.Z); 
Saltburn (/.f.); Scarborough !!(G.7-A); Selby (ZZ . 
and &..); Sheffield (A.D.); Spofforth, in 1865 (Z: Aked); 
Wakefield (W.7.) ; Weeton (/.P.) ; York (WP). 


ZO PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


In the hot summer of 1865 this species occurred in 
many parts of the country (G.7.P.). 


Macroglossa fuciformis Z. Selby (2. and 7:F). 


Macroglossa bombyliformis £sf. Huddersfield, formerly 
(J.V.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (WP). 


Sesia myopeeformis Zork. Sheffield (4.D.). 


Sesia culiciformis Z. Doncaster (7. Wragg, Ent. W. Int., 
June 9, 1860) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York, in 1880 (W.P.). 


Sesia formiceeformis sf. Several among osiers at York, 
in 1860 (J. ZT: Carrington, Ent. W. Int., 1860, p. 115). 


Sesia ichneumoniformis /7.V. Only on the east coast. 
Flamborough Head (Z.4.) ; Scarborough, ‘in Cor- 
nelian Bay” (7. W,). 


Sesia cynipiformis Och. Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Doncaster, 
scarce (W.W,). 


Sesia tipuliformis Z. Common among currant bushes in 
gardens. 
Barnsley (/.H.); Bradford (7,W.C.); Goole (G. 
Mobbs); Halifax (G.7-P.) ; Huddersfield !! (G.7-P.) ; 
Hunslet !! (/.P.); Leeds (Z.B.); Pontefract (B.7.) ; 
Richmond (G.P.H.); Pickering (/.#.2.) ; Scarborough 
(/.H.R.); Sheffield (4.D.); Thirsk (G.Z.) ; Wakefield 
(HB ION bo Morals (Vike. 


Sesia sphegiformis ”V. ‘A specimen taken at York 
was in Mr. R. Cook’s collection, but he said the locality 
(Langwith) was now destroyed.” “ Has occurred at York” 
(Stainton’s Manual ). 


Sesia bembeciformis i. Widely distributed and 
generally common. 

Adel, near Leeds (W.H.7.); Bradford (/7.W.C.) ; 

Bramley Fall Wood, Leeds (C.S.); Halifax (G.7-P.) ; 

Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield !! in poplars (G.T-P.); 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTURNI. 21 


Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (G.P.A4.); Rotherham !! 
(W. Thomas) ; Scarborough (/7.4.2.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (WW. 7.) ; York (Z. Wilson). 
Sesia apiformis Z. Not common. 
Scarborough (Z. WV). The Rev. F. O. Morris also 
gives Rawmarsh, near Rotherham, and Sheffield as locall- 
ties. 


Zeuzera eesculi Z. This species, very common in the south, 
is seldom seen with us. 

Barnsley (/.4#.); Huddersfield, I have only seen 
one specimen, taken by Mr. J. Varley in 1876; very 
curiously Mr. S. L. Mosley two days before the capture 
found an empty pupa-case, evidently of this species, in the 
same neighbourhood (G.Z7\?.) ; Rawmarsh, near Rother-. 
ham (7.0.M., Weville Wood's Nat., June 1837); Selby 
(ZF. and &.Z.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield, one (IV. 7:); 
York, in 1880 (W.P.). 


Cossus ligniperda fad. Not generally common, but of 
more frequent occurrence than the last. 

Askern (S.D.4.); Askham Bog, ‘a row of balsam 
poplars on the gutter side which separated the two rough 
fields between Chandler’s Whin and the Bog, have all been 
destroyed by the larvee of this species” (JV.P.) ; Barnsley, 
im) 1880) (Vad vi. 44)5) Hull (7: WA Ze); Weeds (Z: Bs); 
Market Weighton (1. P.) ; Pontefract (2.7) ; Richmond 
(G.P.f7Z.) ; Scarborough (7. W.) ; Selby (K.2#.) ; Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. T.). 


Hepialus hectus Z. Abundant in all the wooded parts of 
the county. 
Hepialus lupulinus Z. Very abundant all over the county. 


Hepialus sylvinus Z. Generally distributed and plentiful. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7.4); Bradford 
(J. W.C.) ; Bramham, rare (/..Sw.); Harrogate (/. Sang) ; 


22 


PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Horsforth !(/-7.); Huddersfield !! (G.7:P.); Hunslet ! 
(/-P.); Leeds (#.4.) ; Pateley Bridge (W. Storey) ; Pon- 
tefract (B.H7.); Richmond (G.P.Z7.); Scarborough ! 
(J.H.R.) ; Sheffield (A.D.). 


Hepialus velleda Zsp. Very abundant in the West Riding ; 


and the variety carnus Szeph., or Gallicus Zed., often 
almost as common as the type. 

Adel (W.H.T.); Barden-in-Wharfedale (W.D.R.) ; 
Barnsley (/.#.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; 
Bradford (/.W.C.); Huddersfield !! (G.7.7.); Tkley 
(A. Denny); Leeds (Z.B.); Pateley Bridge (W. Storey) ; 
Richmond (G.P.4.); Scarborough (Z./V.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.7.) ; York (W. C. Hewittson). 


Hepialus humuli Z. Very abundant everywhere. A form 


taken by Mr. Thomas Eedle, whilst collecting for Lord 
Walsingham, at Blubberhouses, near Otley, in 1882, 
‘‘approached the ‘Shetland variety’ in the decidedly 
pinkish tint of the hind wings” (Lord Walsingham in lit., 
August toth, 1882). 


Procris statices Z. Rare in the West Riding, common in 


the eastern division. 

Barnsley, in 1882(W. £. Brady); Doncaster (W.W.); - 
Huddersfield, formerly (/.V.); Kilnsey Crag in Wharfe- 
dale (C.S:); Leeds, once (W.H.T:); Martin Beck, Baw- 
try (/t725)); shefiield (AD!) ysmnaithy (Vaz D)) ee Wialke= 
field (W.T7.); near York (WP, Ent. W. Int., 1858, 


p> 128) 


Procris geryon fib. Beverley (Ent. Ann., 1864, p. 122) ; 


Muker (G. Brook, F-L.S., or S.L.M.); Richmond (G.P.Z. 
and /. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Thorne, near Goole (2. 
Creighton, Nat., vii. 55); York (Ent. Ann., 1864, p. 122). 


Zygeena trifolii Z£sf. Not common, and I think is often 


confounded with Z. lonicere. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTURNI. 23 


Edlington, near Doncaster (W.W.); Sheffield ; York 
(R.C. and 7.H.A., Entom., October, 1842). 


Zygeena loniceree Zsf. In profusion on the east coast, but 
local inland. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/..); Boston Spa 
(Wat., VV. S., vi. 16); Filey !!(G.Z.P.); Flamborough Head 
(S.Z.M.); Huddersfield, formerly (/.V.); Pontefract 
(B.77.); Royston (f-W.T.); Scarborough !! (ZW); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Thorparch (Z. Wilson, jun., in Lou- 
don’s Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1834, ~p. 534); Wakefield 
(W.T.). 


Zygena filipendule Z. Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley 
(/.7.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Edlington Wood (/.4) ; 
Filey (/-W.T.); Flamborough Head (S.Z.4Z.); Goole 
(G.Z-f.); Horsforth, now extinct (C.S.); Huddersfield 
(7. V.); Ledsham (C.S.); Leeds (Z.4.); now extinct 
(W.Z.T.); Pontefract (B.4.); Redcar (/. Sang); Rich- 
mond (/. Saug); Selby (K.2.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T.). 


Syntomis phegea Z. The following note on this species 
occurs in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Jan., 
1873, 1x. 199 :—‘“‘ Several years ago my late friend T. H. 
Allis sent me a specimen of this insect for examination, 
which he found in the possession of a collector in the 
north of England, who assured him he captured it in 
Yorkshire, but I do not recollect the exact locality. It 
had evidently been on thé wing some time before it was 
captured, and it is not very probable that such a worn 
specimen would have been sent as a type from the con- 
tinent.—Hernry DousLeEpay, Epping, Dec. 13th, 1872.” 


Nola cucullatella Z. Probably generally distributed. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Brough 
(G.T-P.); Edlington Wood (G.Z7-P.); Huddersfield 


24 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


(722) Miceedsi(GA2.)shetiiel di(C7270)) Enininslka(Gae) 
Wakefield (7. Z.). 


Nola confusalis 4.S.=cristulalis A. Not common. 
Edlington, Doncaster (/.#.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough(Z: W.) ; Sheffield(A.D.) ; Wakefield( WV. Z.); 
York (Z:7.A.). 


Nola strigula WV. Only recorded from one locality. 
Scarborough (Z: lV). 


Nudaria senex Ai. Occurs at Askham Bog (IV P.) ; and 
Scarborough (7: V7). 


Nudaria mundana Z. Generally distributed and plentiful. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Askrigg (WD...) ; Barden 
(WED Rs) Barnsleyal((/2i) = bing eyes (aera) 
Bradford! (/. W.C.); Bramham (/..Sm.); Halifax (G.Z\P.); 
Hiudderstield !h)\( Gaze) a -mizeeds (1/2672) aaazaninally! 
(W.D.R.); Pontefract (B.7.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough !! (Z7.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 
(HER. 


Calligenia miniata Zorst. Doncaster! (W.1V.); Edlington 
(/.—.); Pontefract (B.47.); Scarborough (Stainton’s 
Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York ! (Stacnton’s Manual ). 


Lithosia mesomella Z. Very local. 
@hormey nears Goole \@/22))) a Vonks (esp .prca GnmaraGl 
W.P.). 


Lithosia aureola id. York (2.C., Newman's Entom., 
Feb., 1842). 


Lithosia helveola Och. Only at York. ‘‘The specimens 
are much larger than south of England examples, and the 

. female is bright yellow: it is a well marked variety, 
possibly a distinct species” (Z.4.; also recorded by 
VP TeCGorand VaR): 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTURNI. 25 


Lithosia complanula Zav.=lurideola AR. Askham 
Bog (W.P.) ; Leeds (Z.4.); Pontefract (B.Z.) ; Raskelf 
(G.Z.) ; Richmond (/. Sang). 


Lithosia complana Z. Bramham (/..Sm.); Scarborough 
(Z.W.) ; York (1.H.A., Entom., Oct., 1842, and R.C.). 


Lithosia griseola id. Scarborough, common in Raincliff 
Wood (Z. W.). 
Lithosia quadra Z. A scarce species. 

Askham Bog, one specimen in 1875 (WV.P.); Barns- 
ley, two specimens (/-H.); one at Redcar in 1875, by 
Mr. George Brook, F.L.S., of Huddersfield (G. 7-7) ; 
Scarborough, visits the flowers of hogweed (Heracleum 
sphondylium) on Oliver’s Mount, in July (7. W). 


Lithosia rubricollis Z. Guisborough (HO.1Z, B. Moths, 
1871, 1. 54); Scarborough! (Z: WV); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
York ! (Stainton’s Manual and R.€.). 


Deiopeia pulchella Z. Of this beautiful and rare species 
several specimens.are recorded. One on Raincliff Moors, 
Scarborough, by Mr. Richard Beck, on September rith, 
1871 (/.4.R.); one at Scarborough, in June, 1870, by 
Mr. John H. Benson (£x¢om., vill. 54); two seen on 
the wing, October 25th, 1877, in stubble fields on the east 
coast, by Mr. P. Inchbald, F.L.S. (PL, Feld, Nov. 4th, 
1876, ~. 556) ; and a Yorkshire example is mentioned in 
Stephens Illustrations. | 


Euchelia jacobez Z. Plentiful on the east coast, &c., but 
rarely seen in the West Riding. 

Doncaster (WV. W.) ; Huddersfield, formerly at Kirk- 
lees (S.Z.47. and P./.) ; Redcar (_/. Sang); Scarborough ! 
(/.Z.R.); Sheffield (4.D.); Spurn !! (W.Z.C.) ; Wake- 
field (W.7.) ; York (Z. Wilson, Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii. 137). 


Euthemonia russula Z. Not common. 
Martin Beck, Bawtry (/.4.); Riccall common, Selby 


26 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


(W. N. Cheesman) ; Scarborough, not uncommon (7: V7) ; 
York ! (2.C. and Stainton’s Manual ). 


Chelonia plantaginis Z. Common and generally dis- 
tributed, on heaths, &c. 
Bradford ! (7. W.C.); Bramham Park (/ Oates, Ent. 
W. Int., July 3rd, 1858, iv. 108); common on the 
Greetland and Norland Moors, Halifax (G.Z7:P.) ; Harro- 
gate (W.E.C.); Richmond (G.P.7.) ; Sandbeck Park (/. 
feppenstall, Newman's Entom., Aug., 1842, 1. 356); Scar- 
borough !!(Z. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); York ! (Statnton’s 
Manual); Wakefield (W.Z.). 


Chelonia caja Z. Abundant all over the county. Many of 
the best varieties at present in British collections were bred 
in the West Riding. 


Arctia fuliginosa Z. Commonly distributed over the county. 
Barnsley (7,4); Bradford! (/7,.W.C.); Bramham! 
(F:S7)) Ge Halitaxa (Gave): Eludderstrelds's(Ga7a2a 
Hunslet (/77.); Ilkley (7, W.T.); Leeds, Adel Moor! 
(Jat) Otley, Chevini C/A VAI.) = ontettact (52-75) 
Richmond (G.P.4.); Ripon (W. Lickley); Scarborough 
GRU AS Saloyy (44, eal 7 /z6) 3  Sineinele! (4/D),) 3 
Weeton! (/.P.); Wakefield (W. 7.) ; York(W. C. Hewit- 

son, in “Stephens Illustrations’). 


Arctia mendica Z. Fairly common. 

Adel, Leeds (/.G.); Barnsley (/-#.); Bishop’s Wood 
(G.Z:P.); Bradford (7, W.C.); Bramham Park (/: Oates, 
Ent. W. Int., June 11th, 1859, vi. 83) ; Huddersfield, not 
uncommon (G.Z7:P.); Pontefract (2.7.); Richmond (/. 
Sang); Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 
(WIE) 8 Sod. (UEC) 

I have seen some beautiful varieties; one, a female 
having the black spots confluent, from Bradford, was in 
my Own possession. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTURNI. 24 


Arctia lubricipeda Z. Abundant in gardens and cultivated 
places everywhere. 


The varieties radiata and zatima Cvam., the latter 
having the dots replaced by transverse lines on the fore 
wings, are occasionally reared. 


Arctia menthastri WV. Quite as plentiful as the pre- 
ceding, but more partial to lanes and field-sides. 
The variety Walkeri Cuw7z., in which “the spots are 
united to form longitudinal streaks,” is bred not unfre- 
quently. 


Liparis chrysorrhea Z. Hunslet! (/P.); Scarborough (Z. 
Marsh); Sheffield (A.D. and others); Wakefield (d/. 
Flawkins, Yorkshire Naturalists’ Circular, Nov., 1872, 
p. 89); Whitby !!(W.Z.C.); York (#.C., Entom., Feb., 
1842). 

Liparis auriflua /aé. Abundant in the eastern division, 
and common in many parts of the western division. 
Apparently very rare in the Bradford, Halifax, and Hud- 
dersfield districts; indeed I have only taken it once at 
Huddersfield, and then from a hawthorn hedge in my own 
garden. 

Liparis salicis Z. Huddersfield, formerly (?.Z); Hunslet 
(J.P.); Leeds (/.G.); Nafferton (7.0.12, Brit. Moths, 
1871,1.71); Selby (&.Z., Waz., 1864); Wakefield (W.7.); 
York (2.C., Newman's Entom., Feb., 1842, i. 259). 


Liparis monacha Z. Barnsley (/.#.) ; Doncaster (0.17, 
Brit Mothse 1871. 1 73) near Riccally Selby, and 1 
think also at Bishop’s Wood (G.Z:P.) ; Sheffield, in old 
lists (4.D.). 

Orgyia pudibunda Z. Fairly distributed but not generally 
common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.4.); Bishop’s 
Wood (A. Denny); Bramham! (/..Sm.); Huddersfield, 


28 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


rare (P./.); Pontefract (B.H.); Scarborough !! (7.7); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (7.7). 


Orgyia fascelina Z. Very local. 
Bramham (/.Sm.); Richmond (G.P.Z4 and /. Sang); 
Spurn !! the larvee feed there on bedstraw (W.#.C. and 
PWD) 5 orks (WEP: nt Vike Inte T8004 ps AA aud 
R.C., Entom., Feb., 1842). 


Orgyia gonostigma Z. Also a very local species. 
Askham Bog (WP. and G.7\P.); Bishop’s Wood 
and Selby (/.W.T. and others); Doncaster (Staznton’s 
Manual); Rossington (W.W.) ; Sheffield (A. D.). 


Orgyia antiqua Z. Is distributed all over the county, but 
much more commonly in the eastern than in the western 
division. 

Demas coryli Z. Not generally common, although Mr. J.. 
Smith used to find the larve freely on beech trunks at 
Bramham at the end of September. After a high wind he 
has taken about a score in afew minutes. Other localities 
are: Filey (7.0.47, Brit. Moths, 187%, i. 77); Hudders- 
field (P.Z.); Pontefract (B.A); Scarborough (7: 7) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WV. Z.). 


Trichiura crateegi Z. Not common. 

Bramham, larve not uncommon at end of July 
(J.Sm.); Richmond, larve always on ling (G.P.Z); 
Sheffield (A.D.); Thirsk (G.Z7:); Wakefield (W.T.); 
York (Z. Wilson). 


Peecilocampa populi Z. Not often common, but well dis- 
tributed. 

Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; Bram- 
ham, on birch trunks in November (/..Sm.); Edlington 
Wood (Z. Wilson) ; Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield 
(J.V.); Leeds (Z.B. and W.Z.C.); Pontefract (2.7) ; 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


NOCTURNI. 29 


Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (J. Wazte); Scarborough ! 
(7.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Thirsk (/.G.); Wakefield 
(UATE) 


Eriogaster lanestris Z. Askern (SZ.47); Bramham 
(J.Sm.); Easingwold (G.7:); Huddersfield, very rare 
(PI); kley (Z.B., Zool, 1866); Pontefract (B.7Z,) ; 
Richmond (G.P.H.); Scarborough (Z. W.); Sheffield, in 
old lists (4.D.); Thirsk !! (/.G.); Wakefield (W. TZ) ; 
Wilstrop (W.Z.C.) ; York (Z. Wilson). 


Bombyx neustria Z. A very scarce species, although so 
abundant in more southern counties. 
Pontefract (B.4.); Sheffield (4.D.); York, rare 
(CREE): 


Bombyx rubi Z. Well distributed and usually common in 
suitable localities. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Beamsley 
Moors (W.A.T.); Bradford!! (7.W.C.); Cottingham, 
near Hull (4. Wilkinson); Huddersfield, formerly, but 
now apparently extinct (/.V.); Keighley !! (7. Z: Calvert) ; 
Leeds (Z.B.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough! (7.4.2.); Selby (ZF and &..); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Thorne Waste (WP); Wakefield (W T°) ; 
Weeton ! (/.7.). 


Bombyx quercus Z. Plentiful on heaths, moorlands, and 
other suitable places all over the county. The specimens 
found in the West Riding, and probably inland speci- 
mens generally, are the form known as callunee Palmer, 
but I believe the purely coast specimens are the true 
quercus. A single larva I picked up on Crosland 
Moor, Huddersfield, produced on July rst, 1873, a beauti- 
ful variety of the male, in which the usual yellow band was 
replaced by rich olive. It was, I believe, the first record 
of this form having occurred in Britain, but two or three 


PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


others have since been bred. Mr. J. Varley used to breed 
a form having transparent wings from larvze found in the 
Huddersfield district. 


Odonestis potatoria Z. Generally distributed throughout 


the county, and in many places very abundant. 


Lasiocampa quercifolia Z. I can only find records of 


three specimens: one believed by Mr. Prest to have been 
taken at Askham Bog; one near Sheffield (Kev. & W. 
Hope, “ Stephens Illustrations”); and one at Wakefield 
(Mr. Marson, Nat., N. S., iii. 7°). 


Lasiocampa ilicifolia Z. The moors near Sheffield and 


Ripon were formerly well-known localities for this scarce 
species, but it has not been taken there (nor anywhere 
else) now for some years. Lord Walsingham informs me 
that his collector, Mr. Thomas Eedle, de/zeves he saw it on 
his moors at Blubberhouses in 1882, but failed to secure it. 
His lordship says he has long thought the locality a most 
likely one for the species, so perhaps it may yet turn up 
there. Mr. A. Doncaster records the species from Sheffield, 
and Messrs. W. Prest, Lickley, and Meldrum from Ripon 
(Entom., xi. 104, Ent. W. Lnt., vill. 51, and Lut. W. 
Int., June 8, 1861, v. 75). 


Saturnia carpini Zork. Abundant on all the heaths through- 


out the county. 

Bradford !!(/.W.C.); Halifax!! (G. Z.P.) ; Horton-in- 
Ribblesdale (W.Z.C.) ; Huddersfield !! (G. Z'P.) ; Ilkley 
(A. Denny); Leeds (Z£.B.); Otley Chevin (7 WZ); 
Pateley Bridge !!(WV.D.R.) ; Penistone (/.#.); Richmond 
(G.P.H. and /. Sang); Ripon (Z. Meldrum); Scar- 
borough !! (7A#.2.); Selby (7 and &.Z.); Sheffield 
(A4.D.); Strensall Common! (W£.C.); Thorne (& & 
Parsons) ; Wakefield (W.7:) ; Whitby !! (W.Z.C.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol 2, 


GEOMETRA. 31 


GEOMETRE. 


Ourapteryx sambucata Z. Common and generally dis- 
tributed. 

Epione vespertaria Z. Sandburn, about six miles from 
York, is now the only British habitat for this pretty species, 
but it occurs there in great abundance, the larvee feeding 
on the dwarf sallow. A very beautiful variety, figured in 
the Entomologist, 1878, p. 169, sometimes occurs, and in 
1878 Mr. Prest took a hermaphrodite specimen. 

Mr. McEnnes, in the Naturalist, April, 1882, p. 149, 
records it as having occurred at Hunstey, near Beverley, 
twenty-four years ago. 


Epione apiciaria 1 V. Distributed but not very common. 
Askham Bog, not uncommon (lWV.P.); Barnsley 
(J. ZZ.) ; Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Boroughbridge (G. 7: P.); 
Bramham (/.Sm.); Hunslet near Leeds, one (/.P.); Ponte- 
fract (6.47) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); Wortley near 
Leeds (7., Benn). 


Epione advenaria Ai. Very local. 
Edlington Wood, near Doncaster, not uncommon 
(G.T.P.); Maltby Wood, near Rotherham (7 B. Pryer, 
Lint. W. Int., June 8th, 1861). 


Rumia cratzegata Z. Very abundant everywhere. 


Venilia maculata Z. Not common. 

Bradford,in 1880 (/. W.C.); Malham Cove (7, W.7.); 
Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Weldon Wood, near Castleford (C. S.); York 
(Stainton’s Manual). 


Angerona prunaria Z. Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Edlington 
Wood (F0.1Z, Lritish Moths, 1871, i. 99) ; Sheffield 


(A.D.); York ! (Statnton’s Manual). 
S 


32 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, 


Metrocampa margaritata Z. Generally distributed and 
common. 

Ellopia fasciaria JZ. In fir woods, but not generally 
common. 

Bramham (/..Sm.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Hudders- 
field, imare (4/4); selumslet( /2));) Pontetrach | (52—9)5 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough! (7: W.); Sheffield 
(CAL ION) 3 Sovak Il (WU VeI2, 

Eurymenedolabraria Z. Bishop’s Wood (G.7:?.); Edling- 
ton, Doncaster (/.//.); Richmond (/. Samg); Scarborough 
(Z1W.); York (W.P. and T. Wilson). 

Pericallia syringaria Z. Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley 
(G2 Bishopss Wood (2S). eradiond.meikeqtlent 
(J. W.C.) ; Edlington Wood (/.4.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z) ; 
Leyburn (7. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.); 
York (WP). 

Selenia illunaria 47. Common and generally distributed. 


Selenia lunaria /V. Seldom common, but not unfre- 
quently taken. 
Barnsley (WW. £. Grady); Bradford (/. W.C.) ; Bram- 
Inevon, wanes (/is7a,) 9 Islitelclersnellal (_/4 4) 3 iliseels (V2./2.)) § 
Muker in Swaledale (S.Z.4Z); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough ! (Z:W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 
(WZ Hs) 5 Sos (hie, Ca) 


Odontopera bidentata Z. Generally distributed and 
abundant, no doubt everywhere. 


Grocallis elinguaria Z. Plentiful in all the wooded parts of 
the county. 

Ennomos alniaria aw.=tiliaria Ab. Askham Bog 
(W.P.); Barnsley (_/.#.); Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; Brad- 
ford (H. 7. Soppitt); Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster 
(W.W.); Leeds (/.G.); Richmond (G.?.4.); Ripon 
(J. Waite); Scarborough !(/-A.2.); Selby (7\/ and 
R.H.) ; Sheffield. (A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol 2. 


GEOMETRE. 32 


Ennomos fuscantaria Haw. Generally scarce, but probably 
common where it occurs. 
Askham Bog, larvee on ash trees near the bog (WP) ; 
Doneaster (G.7.P.); Sheffield (4.D.). 


Ennomos erosaria W.V.  Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Edling- 
ton Wood (G.Z7\/.) ; Huddersfield (/.V.); Scarborough 
(Z.W.); York (Z: Watson). 

Ennomos angularia VV. Barnsley (/.#.); Bishop’s 
Wood (/.G.); Bradford, in 1880 (/.W.C.); Edlington 
Wood (G.7:7.); Pontefract (B.4.); Scarborough (S¢atn- 
ton’s Manual); Wakefield (W.7.); York (C.S.). 


Himera pennaria Z. Generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7:P.); 
Bradford (7, W.C.); Bramham (/..S7.); Doncaster (7-7); 
Huddersfield (G.Z7°P.); Meanwood !! (W..T7.); Ponte- 
fract (B.77.); Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (/. Waite) ; 
Scarborough!(Z: WV.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WW. Z.). 


Phigalia pilosaria /”V. Common in woods, &c., every- 
where. 
Along with the ordinary type an olive variety is found 
at Bradford, not uncommon (/./V.C.); at Bramham, not 
-uncommon (/.Sm#.); and at Harrogate (HZ. Sims); whilst 
Mr. J. W. Carter also takes a still darker form, nearly 
black, at Bradford; and Mr. C. Smethurst records a dark . 
brown unicolorous form as having been taken not un- 
commonly at Leeds in 1880. 


Nyssia hispidaria JV. On the boles of oaks, &c., early 
in March. 

Bishop’s Wood (G.Z7.?.) ; Bramham (/. Sm.) ; Don- 
caster (W.1V.); Huddersfield, was common in Storthes 
Hall Woods many years ago, and has been taken rarely in 
other woods since (G.Z7\7.); Scarborough (.Staznton’s 
Manual); Sheffield (A.D. and /. Batty); Wakefield 
(W.T.) ; near York (PZ). 


34 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Biston hirtaria Z. Very rare. 
Scarborough (Z: W.); one at Knavesmire, York (C.S.) ; 
York (2.C., Newman's Entom., Apr., 1842). 


Amphydasis prodromaria W.V. Never common, but 
frequently taken in woods. 

On the Yorkshire side of Barnard Castle (7. Sang) ; 
Barnsley (/.Z@.); Bishop’s Wood(C.S.) ; Bramham (/..S7.); 
Doncaster (W.WV.); Edlington Wood (S.D.4.); Helms- 
ley (G.Z7:); Pontefract (B.4.); Richmond (GAZ) ; 
Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. TZ.) ; 
York (Z: Wilson). 


Amphydasis betularia Z. Commonly distributed through- 
out the county. 
At Bradrord (GaWeG:).. itudderstiel dan (Gave) i 
Leeds (W.H.T.) ; and other parts of the West Riding, 
the black. variety, Doubledayaria 4///, is almost as 
common as the ordinary pale type. This form is also 
taken at Richmond (G.P.4.), and elsewhere in the other 
Ridings. 


Hemerophila abruptaria Zum. Not a common species. 
Bramham, rare (/.S.) ; Pontefract (GA) ; Sandal 
Beat, Doncaster (#:0.4Z.) ; Scarborough (7. W.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T7.).; York! (7.4.A.and G.T.). 


Gleora lichenaria 17 V. Rather scarce. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Flamborough Head (£./.) ; 
Richmond (G:P.Z.); Scarborough (7. W.). 


Boarmia repandata Z. Plentiful in woods.and lanes every- 
where. 

Boarmia rhomboidaria 1” V. Abundant everywhere, but 
more partial to. gardens than woods. The West Riding 
form, and perhaps that of the county generally, is the variety 
perfumaria WVewman. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETRA. 35 


Boarmia roboraria 1”.V. This fine species is some seasons 
not uncommon at Bishop’s Wood, near Selby (777. and 
C.S.). It has not been recorded from elsewhere in the 
county. 


Tephrosia consonaria Hii. Mr. John Jones, of Hull, in- 
forms me that he took a female specimen at Beverley, on 
May 29th, 1882, but being worn he threw it away. I am 
inclined to think the specimen was wrongly named (see 
Naturalist, NV. S., July, 1882). 


Tephrosia crepuscularia WV. Is recorded from four 
localities, but I believe is often confounded with 7: dzundu- 
laria. 

Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Pontefract (B.A); ‘Scar- 
borough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.). 


Tephrosia biundularia Zs. Of general occurrence. 
Barnsley (/.-#.) ;_ Bishop’s Wood ! (G. 7°.) ; Bram- 
ham, on fir trunks (/.Sm.); Blubberhouses (Lord Wail- 
singham) ; Doncaster (/.#.) ; Huddersfield, rare (7. V.) ; 
Pontefract (4.4.); Richmond (/. Sag); Scarborough 
(LW.); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.Z:); Went- 
bridge, a very dark variety (G.Z.) ; York (WP). 


Tephrosia punctulata WV. Local. 

Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Pontefract (2.4); Scar- 
borough (Staznton’s Manual); Sheffield, in old list, not | 
seen of late years (4.D.) ; York ! (WA). 

The larva feeds on birch. 


Gnophos obscurata WV.  Plentiful on the east coast, 
but does not occur elsewhere. 
Filey (G.Z-P.); Flamborough Head !! (Z.4.) ; Scar- 
borough (G.Z\f.). 


Pseudopterpna cytisaria W.V. Pontefract (B./7.) ; Rich- 
mond (G.2.4.); Scarborough (Z.V.); York, not un- 
common (W.P.). 


26 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Geometra papilionaria Z. Widely distributed and not un- 
common. 

Askham Bog and Sandburn, York, amongst alders 
and birches(W.P.); Barnsley (/.H.); Bingley (#.P.P.B.); 
Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford, sometimes common 
(J.W.C.) ; Doncaster !(W. W.) ; Huddersfield (G.Z7-P.) ; 
Pontefract (B.H.); Raskelf near Easingwold (G.Z.); 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.). 


lodis lactearia Z. Widely distributed and generally com- 
mon. 


Phorodesma bajularia WV. This pretty and local species 
is recorded from Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Edlington Wood, 
Doncaster (G.Z-P.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (W.P.). 


Hemithea thymiaria Z. Also reported from but few locali- 
ties. 

Brough (C.S.); Pontefract (6.4); Raskelf near 
Easingwold !!(G.Z.) ; Thorne near Goole (W.P.) ; York! 
(EGe 

Ephyra porata Z. Recorded from near York by Mr. W. 
Helstrip (Zuzt. W. Int., Nov. 12, 1859, p. 53). 


Ephyra punctaria Z. Distributed but not very common. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-4.); Bishop’s 
Wood (/. W. Z:) ; Bramham (/..Sm.); Doncaster (IW. W.) ; 
Pontefract (6./7.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Woodlesford (/.P.). 


Ephyra trilinearia Bork. Not common. 
Edlington, Doncaster (7. and WIV.) ; Micklefield 
(C.S.); . Pontefract (B.4.); Scarborough (Staznton’s 
Manual); Wakefield (W.T.). 


Ephyra omicronaria /V.V. Not uncommon in woods where 
the maple grows freely. 
Edlington Wood !(/.4. and WW.) ; Leeds, at Bur- 
ley (C.S.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR&. 37 


Ephyra pendularia Z. Very local. 
Askham Bog (WV...) ; Pontefract (B. /Z.). 


Hyria auroraria Gz. This beautiful little species occurs 
freely on Thorne Waste, near Goole, but has not been 
noticed elsewhere in the county (G.Z7:P.). The red form 
is the type at Thorne, whereas in the Cambridgeshire 
fens the yellow form is the prevalent one (WV. IV). 


Asthena luteata 1V. Distributed and fairly common. 
Adel near Leeds (C.S.); Bishop’s Wood (G.Z7-2.) ; 
Bradford (7. W.C.) ; Bramham (/. Sw.) ; Doncaster (/.Z. 
and W.W.); Huddersfield (/.V.); Pontefract (B.ZZ) ; 
Scarborough (Z: V.); Sheffield (4. D.); Wakefield (W.Z:); 
York ! (Statnton’s Manuat ). 


Asthena candidata 1” V. Bradford! (7, W.C.) ; Bramham! 
(J/.Sm.); Doncaster (/.H. and W.W.); Huddersfield, 
rare (/.V.); Meanwood near Leeds (A. Denny); Ponte- 
fract (6.4.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Séazn- 
ton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D. ie ; Wakefield (W.Z.) ; 
Woe (Cie(G). 


Asthena sylvata /VV. Very local but often abundant 
where it occurs. 

Barnsley, at New Park Spring Wood (/.#.) ; Edling- 
ton Wood, Doncaster, where in some seasons it perfectly 
swarms, and as many as twenty may be counted sitting on 
thetrunk ofasingletreein June(/7A, WP.,and G.T.P.); | 
Huddersfield, very rare (P./.); Richmond !! (GP. and 
J. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.7:); York (Statnton’s Manuat ). 


Asthena Blomeraria 2é/. Scarce and very local. Feeds 
on wych elm. 

Helmsley (G. P. Dutton, Naturalist, 1875); Nun- 
burnholme (70.424, Morris’ Wat., vii. 188, June 26, 
1858); Pickering (4.0.42, British Moths, 1871, 1. 152) ; 
Scarborough (G.Z7\P. and 7. W.). 


38 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Eupisteria heparata /’.V. Not uncommon among alder 
in damp places. 
Adel near Leeds (G.Z.); Askham Bog (W.P.); 
Barnsley (/-#); Bishop’s Wood (G.Z:P.); Blubber- 
houses (Lord Walsingham); Bradford! (/.W.C.) ; Bram- 
ham !! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Pontefract (4.£2) ; 
Scarborough (7: WV.) ; Sheffield (A.D.); Thorne!(W.W,) ; 
Wakefield (WV.7.). 


Venusia cambricaria Gz. Local but widely distributed, 
and usually plentiful where it occurs. 

Barnsley !! (/.#.); Bingley !!(Z.P.2.4.); Bradford!! 
(/.W.C.).; Wiebden Budge !! (G.7-7); Richmond! 
(G.P.Z.); Scarborough ! (7 W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Sow- 
erby Bridge (C..S.) ; Wharncliffe (/./.). 

Mr. W. H. Tugwell, of Greenwich, possesses several 
specimens of a very distinct and dark variety which he 
informs me were sent to him from Rotherham. 


Acidalia rubricata /V/.V. The only claim this species has 
to appear in our county list is based upon the following 
records :—‘‘ A specimen was taken at Stockton-in-the- 
Forest by Mr. Baines, and I had another specimen taken 
ly he ens (AG JEL AWS. JIG Ni. Tiley MED) 3 “PB 
specimen was taken by Mr. Birks near York, July 15th, 
1859” (Zut. W. Int., vi. 130, and Lut. Ann., 1860, p. 141). 


Acidalia scutulata WV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.fZ.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford (/. A. Butter- 
field) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Flamborough Head ! (£.4.); 
Huddersfield, I have not seen it for some years (G.Z°P.) ; 
Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(Z.W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (1.7). 

Acidalia bisetata Zork. Widely distributed and generally 
common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (W. £. Brady) ; 
Boroughbridge (W.P.) ; Bradford ! (/. WC.) ; Bramham ! 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR. 39 


(J.Sm.); Edlington Wood ! (G.7\P.); Huddersfield 
(G.LP.); Leeds!(WA.T.); Pontefract (B.A.); Ras- 
kelf (G.Z:); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Acidalia interjectaria //.V. Recorded from Huddersfield, 
but I have never seen it there (G. Z:P.). 


Acidalia incanaria ib. Barnsley (/-4); Bradford 
(7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (PZ); 
Leeds! (Z.B.); Otley (7, W.7); Pannal (WD.R.); 
Redcar (/. Sang) ; Richmond (G.P. #7.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); 
Wakefield (WW. Z.) ; York (Z. Wiison). 


Acidalia straminata Zr. This interesting species was taken 
not uncommonly, and in fine condition, on the Thorne 
side of Thorne Waste by various members on the occasion 
of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union’s visit there on July 
oth, 1881 (G. ZF. and WP). 


Acidalia immutata Z. Not common. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Harro- 
gate (/. Sang) ; Leeds (/. W. 7.) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s 
Manual); Sheffield, in old list (4.D.); York (Z: Wilson). 


Acidalia remutata 77. Common. 

Askham Bog (WP); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Brad- 
ford! (7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (/. 7.) ; 
Huddersfield ! (G.7-P.); Meanwood, Leeds (WA.7.) ; 
Pontefract (B.H.); Scarborough ! (Stazzton’s Meany, ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.TZ.). 


Acidalia fumata Stefi. Rather common. 

Bingley (2.P.P.B8.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsing- 
ham); Bradford (/. W.C.) ; Huddersfield, in woods having 
an undergrowth of ling and bilberry (G. 7:7.) ; Richmond 
(J. Sang); Scarborough (G.Z7:P.); Sheffield (4.D.); 
Wakefield (W.Z.); York (WP). 


Acidalia imitaria 477. Not generally common. 


40 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Askham Bog (W.P.); Bramham (_/..Sm.) ; Pontefract 
(B.H.); Raskelf, common on ragwort flowers (G.Z-) ; 
Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.). 


Acidalia aversata Z. Abundant everywhere. 
The banded form, variety lividata Gz., is common 
at Huddersfield, and no doubt equally so elsewhere. 


Acidalia inornata Haw. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bingley 
(E.P.P.B.); Huddersfield, abundant in woods that have 
an undergrowth of ling, on which the larva feeds, but not 
found on the open moors (G.Z7.P.); Meanwood, Leeds 
(VEE); Shetteld (A023) 5, York (Z7B:): 


Acidalia emarginata Z. Not a common species. 
Hormsea (427, D:, Wat, NGS: vi. 195); Ponteiract 
(BEAL); York (W722 and tG: 7); 


Timandra amataria Z. Scarce in the West Riding, but 
fairly common elsewhere. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7Z:) ; Don- 
caster (G.7:P.); Fairburn (C.S.); Goole (/. Harrison) ; 
Ledsham !(C.S.); Micklefield (C.S.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Cabera pusaria Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Cabera rotundaria Haw. Only recorded from nO locali- 
ties, but is probably often passed over as C. pusaria, of 
which species it is by many considered only a variety. 

Richmond (G.?.Z.) ; Scarborough (Z: /). 

Cabera exanthemaria Scop. Generally distributed and 
rather common among sallow. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.4); Bishop’s 
Wood (G.Z:) ; Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bram- 
ham ! (/..Sm.); Goole Moors (/. Harrison); Harrogate 
(J. Sang) ; Huddersfield (G.Z-P.) ; Leeds (C.S.) ; Pon- 
tefract (B.H.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Saltaire (/. Terry) ; 
Wakefield (WW. T.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


GEOMETR&. 4I 


Corycia temerata 1/.V. Not common. 
Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Edlington, Doncaster (/./7.) ; 
Sheffield (A.D.); York (Statnton’s Manuat ). 


Corycia taminata 1.V. Recorded from Wakefield (WV. 7.) ; 
and York (Stacuton’s Manual); but I have never seen it 
in the county. 


Macaria liturata Z. Not uncommon in fir woods. 

Bingley (/. A. Butterfield); Blubberhouses (Lord 
Walsingham) ; Bradford (/. W.C.); Bramham ! (/. Sm.) ; 
Doncaster (WV. WV.); Harrogate (/. Sang): Huddersfield, 
rare (G. 7. P.) ; Pontefract (B.7.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne (WP) ; 
Wakefield (W. Z:); York (W.P.). 


Halia wavaria Z. Abundant in all gardens containing cur- 
rant bushes. 


Strenia clathrata Z. ‘The east coast specimens are large, 
and have the ground colour generally much whiter than 
it is in southern examples. 

Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Flamborough Head ! (Z./.) ; 
Pontefract (6.4.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! 
(G.7.P.); Wakefield (W.7.); Weldon Wood near Ponte- 
nearer (CoS) 3 WOW ka) 


Panagra petraria “ib. Adel, Leeds! (7, W.7.); Barnsley 
(/-4.) ; Bradford ! (7. W.C.) ; Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Don- 
caster (IV. WW.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang); Mirfield, abundant 
among bracken in the Hagg Wood (G.7:P); Pontefract 
(B.77.); Richmond (G.P.7.); Scarborough (7,77. 2.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield! (C. W. Richardson); York ! 
(Statnton’s Manual ). 


Numeria pulveraria Z. Of wide distribution but seldom 
common anywhere. 

Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford (7. WV.C.); Bramham 

(/.Sm.) ; Edlington, Doncaster (/.H. and W. W.); Hud- 


42 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


dersfield (/.V.); Pontefract (B./7.); Richmond (/..Sang) ; 
Scarborough (/-4.2.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 
(W.T.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). 


Scodiona belgiaria id. Generally common on heaths. 
In the Thorne Moor specimens the males are darker and 
have a more irony appearance than south West Riding 
examples. 

- Adel, Leeds! (C.S. and /. W. T.); Bingley! (Z.P.P.B.); 
Bradford (7. W.C.) ; Halifax !! (G. Z/P.) ; Huddersfield ! 
(G.7.P.); Ukley (4. Denny); Scarborough! (71W.); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne Waste near Goole ! (G. Z-P.). 


Fidonia carbonaria Z. The following note appears in the 
LEntomologists Weekly Intelligencer of May roth, 1856, 
i. 44:—‘‘ April 24th, ascended Engleborough, on the 
Lancashire side, behind Ingleton ; when about half way up 
took the first Lzzpzsterta carbonarta I ever saw alive! 
C. S. Grecson, Edge Lane, Old Swan, Liverpool, May 
3rd, 1856.” ‘The record needs confirmation. 


Fidonia atomaria Z. Apparently abundant on _heaths 
throughout the county. In the West Riding (and probably 
elsewhere) the males are much smaller and darker, but 
the females fa/er, than southern specimens. 


Fidonia piniaria 7d. Widely distributed and generally 
abundant in fir woods. Inthe males the ground colour 
is pure white, whereas in southern specimens it is yellow. 

Adel (W.A.T.); Barden ! (Z.P.P.B.); Barnsley 
(/.7.) ; Bingley | (Z.P.P.B.); Blubberhouses (Zora Wal- 
singham); Bradford (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sw.) ; 
Doncaster (WW); Halifax !! (G.7.P); Harrogate 
(W.E.C.); Horsforth, Leeds (C.S.); Huddersfield 
(G.T.P.); Pontefract (B.7.); Richmond (G.P.4. and 
J. Sang); Scarborough (/.A.#.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (W.7:); Weldon Wood (C.S.); York !! (Z.B.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETRZ. 43 


Lythria purpuraria Z. The following notice on this species 
is published in the Zxztomologists Monthly Magazine for 
March 1870, vi. 238 :—“ I have two specimens of this rare 
insect taken in Stockton Forest, four miles from here, by 
Henry Baines. These are set with short household pins, 
were taken at the same place, and by the same captor as 
my old Acdalia rubricata, which species has since been 
taken in the same locality. T. H. ALLis, Osbaldwick, near 
York, February, 1870.” 


Aspilates strigillaria i. Not so common as one would 
expect to find it. 

Huddersfield, very rare (P.Z.) ; Ilkley Moors (C.S) ; 
Scarborough (/.4.2.); Strensall near York (ZZ. and A. 
Denny). 

Abraxas grossulariata Z. Abundant everywhere. 

The variety Varleyata Porritt, having a very deep 
black border, has been bred in some numbers at Bradford, 
Huddersfield, and elsewhere; and Mr. Prest says it also 
occurs at York. In 1878 Mr. J. Firth bred two nearly 
white specimens from larvee collected near Bradford. 


Abraxas ulmata fad. Distributed throughout the county 
and generally abundant. 

A peculiar lead-coloured form sometimes occurs, and 
many other beautiful varieties have been taken. Edlington 
Wood is noted for aberrations in this species. 

Barnsley (/-4.) ; Bishop’s Wood ! (G.7.7.) ; Bolton 
Woods (W.£.C.); Bradford !! (7.WC.); Bramham ! 
(f.Sm.); Edlington Wood !! (G.Z.P.); Flamborough 
Head (£./.) ; Grassington (W.D.&.) ; Harewood (.C.S.) ; 
Huddersfield (G.7\P.); Leeds (Z.8.); Otley Chevin !! 
(UGDue.); Pontefract. (4:77.);; Richmond (7 Sgze); 
Scarborough ! (.Stazuton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); 
Wakefield (W.Z.); Wentbridge (/7,.W.7:); York (7. 
Wilson). 


44 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Ligdia adustata 17.V. Not uncommon among spindle. 
Bishop’s Wood (A. Denny); Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; 
Doncaster (W. WV.) ; Edlington Wood (/.@.); Pontefract 
(B.77.); Raskelf (G.Z-) ; Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (WW. 7-); York (Statnton’s Manual). 


Lomaspilis marginata Z. Common. Pretty varieties some- 
times occur. 
Askham Bog (WP.); Barnsley (/.@.); Bishop’s 
Wood (/.W.T.); Bradford (/, W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); 
Edlington Wood !(G.Z7:P.); Goole Moors (/. Harrison) ; 
Huddersfield (G.7:P.); Pontefract (B.4.); Raskelf 
(G.Z:); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough !! (7A R.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.Z.). 


Hyberniarupicapraria 1. V. Askham Bog (WW. P.); Barns- 
ley (/.4.); Bishop’s Wood (€.S.); Bradford (/.W.C.) ; 
Bramham ! (/..S.); Huddersfield (PZ); Leeds !(Z. 4.) ; 
Pontefract (6.4/.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(Z.W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Hybernia leucophearia WV. Askham Bog (WP); 
Barnsley (/.#.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford !! 
(J. W.C.); Bramham! ( /.Sm.); Doncaster, “especially 
dark forms” (W.W.) ; Huddersfield (AZ); Leeds (Z.2.); 
Meanwood (W.H7.); Pontefract (6.4); Richmond 
(G.P.Z.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 
The variety marmorinaria Zs/., is plentiful in 
some localities. 


Hybernia aurantiaria 7b. Generally common. 
Askham Bog (W.?.); Barnsley (/.4); Bishop’s 
Wood (f7,W.T.); Bradford !! (7,-W.C.); Bramham ! 
(/J.Sm.); Harewood (Henry Lupton); Huddersfield 
(Gi EP) Meanwood)! (WALZ); Pontetract (B277,) 
Richmond (J. Sang); Ripon (/. Waite); Scarborough 
(Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z:). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


q 


GEOMETR&. 45 


- Hybernia progemmaria id. Abundant everywhere. 

The dark, almost black, form of both male and female, 
variety fuscata JVosley, is common at Huddersfield 
(G.T:P.); and at Wakefield (C. W. Richardson); also 
probably throughout the south West Riding. 


Hybernia defoliaria Z. Distributed throughout the county 

and usually abundant. 

Askham Bog (W.f.); Barnsley (/.4@.); Bishop’s 
Wood (G.7.); Bradford !!(/. WC.) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.); 
Brough (W.D.&.); Huddersfield (G.Z7.P.); Leeds!(£.B.); 
Pateley Bridge (G.Z:P.); Pontefract (6.4); Richmond 
(J. Sang); Ripon (/. Waite); Scarborough (FW); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Thirsk (G.7Z:) ; Wakefield (W. 7,). 

Also very variable; a nearly black unicolorous form 
occurs occasionally at Shipley Glen, Bradford (7. W.C.). 


Anisopteryx zescularia JV.V. Common. 
Adel (G.7Z:) ; Arthington!! (77. Marsh) ; Askham Bog 
(W.P.); Barnsley (/.4@.); Bradford (/.W.C.); Bram- 
nama (/6S72)) i etuddersticld (G77); leeds) )(CAr 
Denny); Masham (C.S.); Pontefract (B.4.); Raskelf 
(G.Z.) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.7.) ; Weldon Wood (C..S.). 


Cheimatobia brumata Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Cheimatobia boreata iid. Probably common wherever ' 
there is any extent of birch. 
Barnsley (/.7.) ; Bradford !! (7. WC.) ; Bramham ! 
(/..Sm.) ; Doncaster !(W.W.) ; Huddersfield !(G. 7: P.) ; 
Meanwood, Leeds (I.H.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); 
Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield( W.Z.); 
York !! (W.P.). 
Oporabia dilutata /”V. Abundant everywhere. 
The dark-brown variety, Obscurata Svzeud., is as 
common or more so in the south West Riding as the 


type. 


46 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


The variety autumnaria Gz. occurs at Hudders- 
field (G.7-P.); at Richmond (G.P.4.); and doubtless 
elsewhere. This latter variety is by some considered a 
distinct species, and my own experience is that it is acon- 
siderably earlier insect in appearance on the wing. 


Oporabia filigrammaria 7S. Adel, Leeds (C..S.); Bram- 
ham (/.Sm.); Halifax (G.7°P:;); Huddersfield (PZ) ; 
Rombald’s Moor (7. WC. and C.S.); Richmond (/. Sang); 
Ripon (/. Wazte) ; Scarborough (7: WV.). 


Larentia didymata Z. Abundant everywhere. 

Very dark forms are common in the south West 
Riding. . 

Larentia multistrigaria Yaw. Of general occurrence and 
in many districts plentiful. Mr. Butterfield has taken a 
peculiar dark form near Bingley. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/ 7.) ; Bradford ! 
(J. W.C.); Huddersfield!!(G.7:P.); Meanwood!(/. W.T.); 
Pontefract (2.H.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(Z. W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.TZ.). 


Larentia ceesiata WV. Very abundant on all the high 
moors in the West Riding, and many beautiful dark 
varieties occur. 

Barden and Burnsall Moors !! (W.D.£.) ; Blubber- 
houses ! (Lord Walsingham); Bradford !! (/.W.C.) ; 
Halifax! (G.7-P.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield !! 
(G.T.P.); Ukley (W£.C.); Pateley Bridge (G. Jackson) ; 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z:1V.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; York, one specimen in 1877 (W.P.). 

Larentia ruficinctata Gz. Mr. J. W. Carter sent me for 
determination a specimen of this species taken on Mal- 
ham Moor, August, 1876. It had previously been reported 
from Huddersfield, but in that instance I am not sure that 
a variety of Z. ces¢ata was not mistaken for it. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR&. 47 


Larentia salicata Aid. Occurs in widely separated locali- 
ties, but only in one or two of them does it appear to be 
very common. The Bingley specimens are darker and 
have the markings much less clear and distinct than any 
Scotch specimens I have noticed. 

Bingley !!(2.P.P.B.); “in 1879, extremely abundant 
along an old wall bordering the west part of Bingley Wood” 
(/. A. Butterfield); Wuddersfield (S.Z.d7,); Richmond 
(/. Sang); Saltaire (/7,.W.C.); Scarborough (Z7:W.) ; 
Wakefield (WV. T.). 


Larentia olivata WV. Bradford! (7 W.C.); Hudders- 
field (/7.V.); Pateley Bridge (G. Jackson); Redcar (/. 
Sang); Richmond (G.P.4f.); Scarborough (7.1%); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (WT). 


Larentia pectinitaria ess. Common and distributed. 
Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (7-4); Bradford 
(J/.W.C.); Bramham! (/.Sm.); Goole (/. Harrison) ; 
Grassington (G.7:P.) ;. Huddersfield ! (G.7-P.) ; Leeds !! 
(Z.B.); Pontefract (B.4.); Raskelf (GZ); Richmond 
Us Sees Servos (Ge) 5 Sineinelel (46 /2),)) 3 
Thorne near Goole (W.P.) ; Wakefield (W. T.). 


Emmelesia affinitata Steff. Not generally common. 
Bradford ! (7. W.C.) ; Pontefract (2.7.) ; Richmond 
(J. Sang); Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York . 
(Stainton’s Manuat ). 


Emmelesia alchemillata Z. Much commoner than the 
last. 

Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Balby near Doncaster (W. IV); 
Bradford (7, W.C.); Bramham ! (/..S.); Flamborough 
Head (Z.4.); Huddersfield (/.V.); Pontefract (6./7) ; 
Richmond (/. Sang); Rotherham !! (W. Rodgers) ; Scar- 
borough (Z: WV.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne near Goole 


(G. TP.) ; Wakefield (W.7.). 
D 


48 5 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Emmelesia albulata /.V. Fairly common in meadows 
where 2/inanthus crista-gallt grows. 

Balby near Doncaster (W. W.) ; Blubberhouses (Lord 
Walsingham) ; Bradford (/.W.C.); Bramham (/. Sm.) ; 
Huddersfield, formerly very abundant, but scarce of late 
years (G.7:P.) ; Pontefract (2.47.) ; Richmond (/. Sang); 
Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); near Selby (C.S.) ; 
Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.7:); York ! (Staznton’s 
Manuat ). 


Emmelesia decolorata ib. Generally common amongst 
Lychnis. 
Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Balby near Doncaster (W. W.); 
Barnsley (/.4#.); Beverley (/. Harrison); Bradford 
(7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Hambleton (G.Z) ; 
iormsea CVi77D:) = Hiuddersheld "(G72 weeds 
(Z.B:); Pateley- Bridge (W.D: 7); Pontetract (6. 2); 
Richmond (G.P.4.); Scarborough ! (7. V.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); Wentbridge (G. 7°). 


Emmelesia taeniata Sfephz. We have only one locality for 
this local species. 
Scarborough (7: W,). 
Eupithecia venosata fad. Not uncommon amongst St/ene 
inflata. 
Barnsley (/.H.); Bradford (f,W.C.); Bramham ! 
(J. Sm.); Huddersfield (G: Z7.P.); Leeds (C.S.and/. W. 7°); 
Leyburn (/. Sang); Pontefract (B.A); Richmond 
(G.P.7.) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T.); York (Z. Wilson). 


Eupithecia linariata /”V. Generally common amongst 
toadflax, but seldom seen in the image state. The larvee 
used to feed in profusion in the flowers and seed-capsules 
of Linaria valgaris growing in my garden and adjoining 
fields, but I never saw more than one or two moths on the 
wing there, although I often looked for them. 


Trans.Y.N,U. Series D. Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR&. 49 


Barnsley (/.@.) ; Bramham! (_/.Sm.) ; Huddersfield !! 
(G7eP>) ; Kirkstall (7.4.7) > Leeds (CS) ;, Pontetract 
(B.Z.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7.). 

Eupithecia pulchellata S7esz. Not uncommon amongst 
foxglove. 

Barnsley (/.#.) ; Bishop’s Wood (G.7:); Bradford 
(J. W.C.) ; Harrogate (Staznton’s Manual) ; Huddersfield 
(G.Z-P.) ; Leeds (Z.B.) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield 
(A.D. and W.W.); York (/.T.C.). 

Eupithecia centaureata 17 V. Flamborough Head (£.4.); 
Huddersfield (G.Z-P.) ; Leeds (Z.4.); Pontefract (4.7.); 
Scarborough (P.Z); Sheffield (4.D.); York (/.7-C.). 

Eupithecia succenturiata Z. Pontefract (&.7.); Scar- 
borough (Stazzton’s Manual) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). 

Eupithecia subfulvata Haw. Barnsley (7,4); Flam- 
borough Head (#.4.); Richmond, also the variety oxy- 
data 77. (G.P..) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.Z.) ; 
York (W.P.). 


Eupithecia subumbrata WV. Not common. 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). 
Eupithecia plumbeolata Haw. Adel near Leeds (G7) ; 
Huddersfield (P./.); Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.). 
Eupithecia pygmeeata Hib. We have several localities for 
this day-flying species. ; 
Bolton Woods; Bramham (/..S7.) ; Richmond(G.P.H. 
and J, Sang); between Royston and Wakefield (/./) ; 
Scarborough (Z: W.) ; Wharncliffe, one in 1881 (/ £dizs) ; 
York (Stainton’s Manual ). 
Eupithecia satyrata Aid. Bramham (/..Sm.); Richmond 
(G.P.Hf, and /. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ). 
Eupithecia castigata aw. Common, probably everywhere. 
Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (7-4); Bingley / 
(ZE.PP.L.); Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Huddersfield (G.7-2) ; 


50 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (/0.MZ.); Sheffield 
(CADE Nork NINGHAL: 


Eupithecia trisignata 7S. Bishop’s Wood !! (W.P.); 
Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Sharlston near Wakefield (G. 7-2.) ; 
Scarborough (Z:W.) ; York (W.P.). 


Eupithecia lariciata vey. Generally common wherever 
larch grows in any quantity. 
Adel near Leeds (G. 7:); Bingley (Z.P.P.B.); Bishop’s 
Wood (G.7:P.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; 
Brantingham near Brough !! (G.Z7°P.); Edlington near 
Doncaster (/.#7.) ; Huddlestone (C.S.); Richmond (/. 
Sang); Scarborough (Z7:W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Went- 
bridge (G.7-.) ; York. (W.P.). 


Eupithecia virgaureata Dé/. Harrogate (/ Sang); Hud- 
dersfield (P.Z.) ; Scarborough (7: WV). 


Eupithecia albipunctata Haw. Local, but not uncommon 
in some localities amongst Angelica sylvestris, on the flowers 
and seeds of which the larva feeds. Mr. W. Prest breeds 
a black form from the larvee he collects at Bishop’s Wood, 
which the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, M.A., has described as 
variety angelicata. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Bishop’s Wood !! (/.G. and 
W.P.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Harrogate (/. Sang) Rich- 
mond (G.P./7.) ; Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
York (W.P.). 

Eupithecia valerianata “72. Larvee in flowers of Valeriana 
officinalis at Askham Bog (W.P.). 


Eupithecia pimpinellata “77/2. Askham Bog(W.P.) ; Brad- 
ford (7.W.C.); York !! (WP). 


Eupithecia fraxinata Crewe. Seldom seen in the image 
state, but probably only wants looking for to be found much 
commoner. I find the larve freely on ash, where they 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


GEOMETR&. 51 


shew a great partiality for the leaves on the young shoots, 
- which often spring from the trunk near the ground. 
Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Halifax (Stacnton’s Manuat ) ; 
indderstield]!\(GazeP.)): ) Shettield, (A; 2)) 5) York (7 
Wilson). 


Eupithecia extensaria /vey. Our county has produced the 
only two specimens. of this species which have yet been 
taken in Britain. Mr. W. Prest detected a specimen in 
the boxes of Mr. Buck, who took it on Artemisca at Spurn 
about 1870. The other specimen was taken on waste ground 
near Hull in June 1873 by Mr. Sawyer, and is now I 
believe in the collection of Mr. Philip B. Mason, F.L.S., 
of Burton-on-Trent. 


Eupithecia indigata Aid. Adel near Leeds (WAT.) ; 
Bramham (/..Sm.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W. TZ.) ; 
York !! (WP). 


Eupithecia constrictata Gz. Very local. 
Bramham (/.S.) ; Richmond ! (G.P./.). 


Eupithecia nanata 4/7. Apparently abundant on all heaths. 

Adel Moors (W.H.7:) ; Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barns- 

ley (/.4#.) ; Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bradford 

CAW.C) 3 ‘wale (EG wi4)s slew (6 Saag) 5 

Huddersfield !! (G.Z7:P.); Pontefract (6./.) ;. Richmond’ 

(J. Sang); Saddleworth (G.Z\P.); Scarborough (G.7Z-) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Thorne Waste (W.P.). 


Eupithecia subnotata “wb. Askham Bog (WV. P.) ; Bradford 
(J. W.C.) ; Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield !! (G.Z°P.) ; 
Leeds (Z.4.) ; Pontefract (2.4) ; Richmond (G.P.£,) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.). 


Eupithecia vulgata Haw. Abundant no doubt everywhere. 
Adel near Leeds (C.S.) ; Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barns- 
ley (/-.); Bramham! (/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield !!(G.Z°P.) ; 


52 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Pontefract (2.H7.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. 
Sang); Scarborough ! (Stazuton’s Manual); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.T.). 


Eupithecia absynthiata Z. Askham Bog (WV./.); Hud- 
dersfield (G.Z’P.) ; Richmond (G.P.#.); Scarborough ! 
(Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.TZ.). 


Eupithecia minutata id. Adel near Leeds (G.Z.) ; Bing- 
ley (“E.P.P.B.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; 
Huddersfield, abundant in woods having an undergrowth 
of Calluna vulgaris, but not on the open heaths or moors 
(G.Z\P.); Richmond (G.P.4.); Sheffield (A.D.); Thorne 
Waste (W.P.) ; York (Z- Wilson). 


Eupithecia assimilata D2/. Common; the larva feeds on 
hop, and in gardens on currant-bushes. 

Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Bradford (7. W.C.) ; Hudders- 

field !! (G.Z'P.); Richmond (G.P.Z.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Eupithecia tenuiata 77+. Larvee in sallow catkins. 
Askham Bog (JV.P.) ; Bramham (/..S.) ; Richmond 
(G.P.f.) ; Scarborough (Z. W.) ; Sheffield (A. D.). 


Eupithecia subciliata Gz. This local species was taken 
not uncommonly about maples, on the flowers of which 
the larva feeds, in the Copgrove Woods, by various mem- 
bers on a joint excursion of several Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Societies to Boroughbridge on the August Bank Holiday, 
1876. ‘The first specimen was secured by Mr. C. Smeth- 
hurst of Leeds (G. 7. P.). 


Eupithecia dodoneata Gz. Another scarce species. 
Scarborough (Z. WV.) ; Sheffield (W. Thomas, Ent. W. 
Int., May 11th, 1861) ; York (Z. Wilson). 


Eupithecia abbreviata Szepi. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bram- 
ham ! (/.Sm.); Castle Howard (WP); Doncaster 
(W.W.); Pontefract (B.Z.); Richmond (/ Sang); Scar- 
borough !! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W TZ.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR&. 53 


Eupithecia exiguata “iid. Askham Bog (IV.P.) ; Bishop’s 
Wood (G.7:-P.); Doncaster (WW. WV.); Huddersfield (P.Z.); 
Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7:). 


Eupithecia sobrinata Ab. York, out of juniper (Z. Walson, 
Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, xiv. 212). 


Eupithecia togata “id. Mr. J. Sang of Darlington assures 
me that a specimen of this species was taken at Richmond; 
and this is further confirmed by the Rev. G. P. Harris, 
formerly of Richmond, who says the specimen was taken 
by Mr. Groves. 


Eupithecia pumilata /7//+. Huddersfield, one in 1871 by 
Mr. S. L. Mosley (G. Z:P.) ; Leeds (#.B.) ; Scarborough ! 
(Stainton’s Manual ). 


Eupithecia coronata 7. Scarborough (.Staznton’s Manuat). 


Eupithecia rectangulata Z. Not uncommon. 
Askham Bog (7. ?.); Bramham ! (_/.Sm.) ; Edlington 
Wood (G.7./.); Huddersfield (/.V.); Pannal(WD.R.); 
Richmond (G.P.Z&.) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ) , 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.Z.). 


Collix sparsata id. Some seasons common in Askham 
Bog, York, which is one of the few British localities of the 
species. The larvee feed on Lystmachia vulgaris (W.P.). 


Lobophora sexalata //7id. Rare. 
Askham Bog (IV.P.) ; Scarborough (7: W.). 


Lobophora hexapterata /V.V. Found amongst aspen, but 
not very common. 
Bramham!(/..Sw.) ; EdlingtonWood(/.Z.) ; Rother- 
ham (Wm. Rodgers); Scarborough (G.Z\P.) ; Sheffield 
(A. D.). 


Lobophora viretata /7/iid. A scarce species with us. 
Richmond(G.P.#.and_/. Sang); Scarborough(Z: W.). 


54 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Lobophora lobulata iv. The commonest of the genus. 
Adel near Leeds (C.S.); Askham Bog (WP.); 

Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bramham, on alder trunks in 
March (/..Sm.); Pontefract (B.4.); Richmond (G.P. 7) ; 
Scarborough !! (Z.W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York !!(W.P.). 


Lobophora simulata /Ziid. Very rare, I have never seen it. 
Huddersfield (P.Z.); York (2.C.). 


Thera variata 1. V. Not uncommon in fir woods. 

Adel (G.Z:); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bramham ! 
(/.Sm.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (7. V.) ; 
Leeds (C.S.); Pontefract (B.A); Richmond (G.P.Z. 
and /. Sang); Sandburn near York (W.P.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.Z.). 


Thera firmata Aid. Local, but common in some places. 
Bramham (/..Sm.); Pontefract (2.f7.); Richmond 
(J. Sang) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); Wakefield 
(W.T.); York !! (W.P.). 
Hypsipetes ruberata /vey. Askham Bog( WP.) ; Richmond 
(J. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York 
(ZL. Wilson). 
Hypsipetes impluviata W.V. Fairly common amongst 
alders. 
Adel near Leeds (/7.W.7.); Askham Bog (WA); 
Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford (/7.W.C.); Bramham 
(/.Sm.); Halifax (G.Z7P.) ; Huddersfield (G.Z°P.); Pon- 
tefract (4.4/.) ; Richmond (G. 7.4.) ; Scarborough (S¢azn- 
ton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorner (G.7Z-). 


Fiypsipetes elutata 1. V. Very abundant everywhere, and 
varies considerably. In the south West Riding there 
appear to be two distinct races: a small very dark, often 
quite black, form which occurs on the moors and in woods 
having an undergrowth of bilberry and ling; and the other 
the ordinary larger and usually greener form, which occurs 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETR&. 55 


in lanes and woods generally. Both forms are equally 
plentiful within a good radius around Huddersfield, the 
small dark form feeding principally I think on bilberry, the 
other feeding on sallow and many other trees. 


Melanthia rubiginata 17V. Generally common. 
Adel !! (C.S.) ; Askham Bog (IV.P.); Bishop’s Wood 
(C.S.); Bradford !! (/.W.C.) ; Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Hud- 
dersfield (G.7'P.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. 
Sang) ; Scarborough (/.H.R.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W. T.). 


Melanthia ocellata Z. Common and generally distributed. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-#.); Bradford ! 
(J.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Harrogate (/. Sang); 
iEiudderstield yy i(Ga7e) = leeds, ((224.)s eeontetract 
(B.77.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- - 
field (W.T.). 


Melanthia albicillata Z. Fairly distributed and common. 

Bishop’s Wood !! (G.Z7:7.); Bradford (/7,.W.C.); 
Bramham ! (/..S7.); Cudworth near Barnsley (G.Z7-P.) ; 
Edlington Wood! (G.Z'P.) ; Ilkley (W.£.C.) ; Pontefract 
(B.Hf.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (/-Z.2.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Thorner !! (C.S.); Wakefield (G. 7:P.) ; 
Washburn Valley (/.G.); Wharncliffe (C.S.); York! 
(WP). 

A very dark form, variety suffusa Carrington, has 
been bred by Mr. T. Meldrum of Ripon. 


Melanippe hastata Z. Common in several localities among 
birch. 

Bishop’s Wood!(W.Z.C.); Edlington Wood!(G.7-P.); 
Huddersfield (G.Z.P.); New Park Spring Woods, Cud- 
worth !! (G.Z°P.); Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7.) ; Wharncliffe (C.S) ; 
York (Stainton’s Manuat ). 


56 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Melanippe tristata Z. Barden ! (Z.P.P.4.); Barnsley 
(/ 7); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Huddersfield 
(G.T.P.); Scarborough (7.W.); Wakefield (WT); 
Wharncliffe near Sheffield (A.D. and W.W.). 


Melanippe rivata 7d. Bramham ! (/Sm.) ; Huddersfield 
(G.T.P.) ; Rotherham (W. Rodgers) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 
Probably occurs in many other localities, but has been 
passed over as JZ. subtristata. 


Melanippe subtristata Haw. Apparently very common 
throughout the county. 


Melanippe montanata #”.V. Abundant everywhere. 
A form taken by Mr. T. Eedle at Blubberhouses in 
1882 “was very like the extreme northern form” (Lord 
Walsingham). 


' Melanippe galiata V. Abundant in the south West 
Riding among Galium saxatile ; also common elsewhere. 

Bradford! (/.W.C.); Halifax (G.Z’P.); Hudders- 
field! (G.Z:P.); Leeds (C.S:) ; Pontefract (6227) ; Scar- 
borough! (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WT) ; 
York (Stacnton’s Manuat ). 


Melanippe fluctuata Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Anticlea rubidata Z. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster 
(YALA) 

Anticlea badiata WV. Plentiful no doubt everywhere 
among rose. 

Askham Bog (WP.); Barnsley (/7,&); Bishop’s 

Wood (G.7.); Bradford (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sw.) ; 
Huddersfield !! (G.Z-P.) ; Leeds !! (W.H.7:) ; Pontefract 
(B.H.); Richmond (f Sang); Scarborough (7. W.); 
Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W. 7°); York (/. Birks). 

Anticlea derivata /”V. Common, but not so plentiful as 
the last. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2: 


GEOMETR&. By 


Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Beverley (/. Harrison) ; Bing- 
ley (Z.P.P.B.); Boroughbridge (7. Andrews) ; Bramham ! 
(/.Sm.); Doncaster (/.#.); Huddersfield (7. V.); Huddle- 
stone (C..S.); Pontefract (6.77.); Plumpton (W.D.R.) ; 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.7:) ; York ! (7.7.A.). 


'Anticlea berberata WV. Mr. A. Doncaster assures me 
this species “used to occur on a barberry hedge at Marr, 
near Doncaster, but the hedge is now replaced by a stone 
wall, and probably the species is extinct there”; Richmond 
(GlAJzh). 


Coremia munitata 7b. A local species. 
Rotherham (lV. Rodgers); Scarborough (Z:W.) ; 
Sheffield, not scarce (4.D.). 


Coremia propugnata WV. Bradford (/.W.C.); Blubber- 
houses (Lord Walsingham) ; Doncaster (/. 7.) ; Harrogate 
(J. Sang); Huddersfield (P.7.); Leeds (Z.B2.); Muker 
(S.Z.M,); Pontefract (B.7.) ; Richmond (J. Sang); Scar- 
borough (Stazzton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.T:); York (Statnton’s Manual ). 


Coremia ferrugata Z. Askham Bog(W.P.); Blubberhouses, 
a variety (Lord Walsingham), Bradford (/. W C.) ; Bram- 
ham ! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (/.#.) ; Huddersfield (G.7.P.); 
Leeds (Z.4.) ; Pontefract (6.4.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (WW. Z.). 


Coremia unidentaria Haw. Askham Bog(W.P.); Bishop’s 
Wood(G. Z.); Boroughbridge(G.Z:7.); Bramham(/. Sm.) ; 
Harrogate (/. Sang); Leeds (Z.8.); also recorded as 
having occurred at Huddersfield, but I have never seen it 
there. 


Camptogramma bilineata Z. Abundant almost every- 
where, but less so in the south West Riding than elsewhere. 


58 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Camptogramma fluviata /7/ii. A specimen of this rarity 
was taken at York by Mr. W. Prest, on May 22nd, 1860, 
and another on July 4th, 1868, by Mr. J. T. Carrington 
(Ent. W. Int., Oct. 20th, 1860, and Ent. Ann. 1869, 
p- I41, respectively). 

Phibalapteryx lignata /7id. Partial to marshy ground. 

Askham Bog (W.7.); Pontefract (B.A); Scar- 
borough (Z: W.). 


Phibalapteryx polygrammata ork. Very rare. 
Scarborough (7: V.). 


Scotosia dubitata Z. Moderately common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7,#.); Bradford 
(J.W.C.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (G.7-P) ; 
Ilkley ! (Z.B.) ; Pontefract (6.7.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.7.). 


Scotosia vetulata 1”. V. Not a common species. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Doncaster (G.7-P. and W.P.). 


Scotosia rhamnata WV.V. Is recorded from one locality 
only. 
Askham Bog (W.P.). 
Scotosia certata /Ziib. Bedale (W. Culverwell); Ponte- 
inact se): 
Scotosia undulata Z. A pretty but uncommon species. 
Askham Bog (WV.P.); Bishop’s Wood (C..S.) ; Leeds 
(JB/8},))- 
Cidaria psittacata WV. Local. 
Pontefract (B. 7.) ; Richmond (G.P.H. and /. Sang); 
Scarborough (7. W.); Wentbridge (C.S.); near York 
(po 2lGs), 
Cidaria miata Z. Fairly common. 
Barnsley (/-#.); WHuddersfield (G.Z7\P.); Leeds 
(A. Denny) ; Pontefract (B./7.); Richmond (G.7.P. and 
VE Sua) Somaonowen (Ye/ekie)) 3 Slasinsiel (4l,/0))) ¢ 
Wakefield (V7.7) ; York (R.C.). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


GEOMETR-. 59 


Cidaria corylata 7hunb. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
Giz) Bishops) Wood) (G2S)5— Bradfordi(/, ZG) ; 
Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Edlington Wood (G.7’7.); Hud- 
dersfield (G.7:P.); Ingleton (C.S.) ; Pontefract (B.Z) ; 
Richmond (/. Savg) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (WW. 7.). 


Cidaria russata JV. Common everywhere and very 
variable. 

Dark forms, including the variety perfuscata Haw., 
are plentiful, much more so than in the southern counties. 
In Butternab Wood, Huddersfield, I have more than once 
taken a variety I do not remember to have seen elsewhere: it 
is darker even than ferfuscata and quite different in colour ; 
the central band is black ona very dark reddish-brown 
ground, and with no trace of the usual slaty grey. A figure 
of the variety, as well as of the Yorkshire form of perfus- 
cata, is given in Part xi. of Mosley’s [Illustrations of 
Varieties of British Lepidoptera. 

Varieties centum-notata fad. and comma-notata 
Hlaw., I believe both occur, but I think not nearly so 
commonly as the dark forms. 

Cidaria immanata Haw. Also apparently common through- 
out the county, and like C. russaza is very variable, but the 
tendency of the variation is much paler generally than in 
that species. Variety marmorata Haw. may perhaps be 
taken as a central type of the variation. 


Cidaria suffumata WV. Generally distributed and often 


abundant. 
The dark rich brown form piceata Szeph., sometimes 


occurs; and in the south West Riding a very beautiful 
variety with black median band and basal blotch on a pure 
white ground has been several times taken. The best I 
have ever seen is in my own cabinet, and was taken at 
Huddersfield in May 1871. The specimen is figured in 
the Entomologist of May, 1878, and also in Mosley’s 
Illustrations of Varieties of British Lepidoptera, Part xi. 


60 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-Z.); Bishop’s 
Wood!!(G.7.P.); Bradford (7. W.C.); Bramham! (/.S7.); 
Easingwold ! (G.Z7:); Huddersfield ! (G.7.P.); Leeds 
(Z.B.); Pontefract (B.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield 
(4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); Wentbridge (G:Z7.); York 
(W.P.). 


Cidaria silaceata WV. Not uncommon. 

Bishop’s Wood ! (G.7-P.); Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Hud- 
dersfield, rare (/,V.); Richmond (G.P.4 and /. Sang) ; 
Scarborough ! (Z7:.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 
(W.T.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). 

Cidaria prunata Z. Found in gardens among currant 
bushes. 

Bingley (2.P.P.8.); Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Grassington 
(E"S:); Eluddersiteld (G27: 2.5 Weedsy (7255) onte- 
fract, (Bos) 9) Raskelt (Gad_) 5.) Richmond (Ge/2975) 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); York (#.C.). 


Cidaria testata Z. Apparently abundant on all heaths, and 
in woods having an undergrowth of Cal/una vulgaris, 
throughout the county. 


Gidaria populata Zork. Abounds on all the moors and 
wherever bilberry grows freely in the West Riding. 
Barden (W.D.R.) ; Barnsley (/. 7.) ; Bishop’s Wood 
(C.S.); Bradford!(/.W.C.); Halifax !!(G.Z7-P.) ; Harro- 
gate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (4.7:7.); Ilkley (4. 
Denny); Leeds (W.4.T.); Marsden !!(G. 7-7.) ; Pateley 
Bridge (G. Jackson); Pontefract (6.H.); Richmond (/. 
Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7Z.); York! 
(Stainton’s Manual ). 


Cidaria fulvata /orst. Common among rose, probably 
everywhere. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.@.); Borough- 

bridge (G.7.P.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Filey (@.Z); 

Goole (/. Harrison); Huddersfield !! (G.Z-P.); Leeds 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


GEOMETRA, 61 


(Z.L.); Micklefield (C.S.); Pannal !! (W.D.R.) ; Ponte- 
fract (B.77.); Raskelf (G.7-); Redcar (/. Sang); Rich- 
mond (/. Sang); Sharlston (G.Z-7.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (IW. 7.). 

Cidaria pyraliata Zork. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.7.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7:); Bradford (7,W.C) ; 
Bramham (/..S7.) ; Edlington Wood! (G. 7: P.); Hudders- 
hicldnp/AlA) Weeds (WAL 2). Pontetiacth(4./75))ixed= 
car (J. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (WV. 7°). 

Cidaria dotata Z. Askham Bog (IVP) ; Pontefract (B.7.); 
Richmond (G.P.#7.) ; Wakefield (W. 7). 


Pelurga comitata JZ. Widely distributed and common. 
Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Balby near Doncaster (WV. W.); 
Barnsley (WW. W.); Bradford( /. W.C.); Bramham!(/..Sm.); 
Goole ( John Harrison) ; Huddersfield! (G.7:P.); Leeds 
GS.) Otley (G.S:)5  Ponteiract (G.77); Richmond 
(G.P.77.) ; Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W. Z.). 

Eubolia cervinaria 1. V. Brigg near Selby (C.S.); Brough 
(GYEP.) > Hiudderstield (G. 7-2), Pontefract, (2.77,) ; 
Richmond (G.7P.Z7.) ; Scarborough! (7.4. 2.) ; Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); Wetherby (C.S)); York 
Uc). 

Eubolia mensuraria WV.  Plentiful almost everywhere, 
scarce only in some parts of the south West Riding. 


Eubolia mzeniata WV. A very fine specimen of this species, 
of which only one or two others are known to have 
occurred in Britain, was taken by Mr. W. Prest among 
broom near York, on August 19th, 1866 (Zuz¢. Ann., 1867, 
Bp. 157). 

Eubolia palumbaria W.V. Not uncommon on heaths, &c. 

Adel near Leeds (W.H.7.); Askham Bog (WP); 
Barnsley (/..); Bradford !(/. W.C.); Bramham (/. Sm.) ; 


62 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Huddersfield (G.7:P.); Pontefract (4.4); Richmond 
(J. Sang); Scarborough ! (Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Whitby (W.Z.C.). 


Eubolia bipunctaria #V. Common on the cliffs on the 
coast. ; 
Filey (G.7.); Flamborough Head !! (Z.4.) ;_ Rich- 
mond (G.P.#7.); Scarborough !(G.Z7)P.); York (Stain- 
tons Manual). 


Carsia imbutata id. Common on Thorne Waste, near 
Goole, which is its only Yorkshire locality (¢.2.P., W.P., 
SLDEBs, and eWVAVys). 


Anaitis plagiata Z. Barnsley (/.4); Bishop’s Wood 
(C.S.); Bramham (/.W.7.) ; Huddersfield (SZ. 47. and 
J-V.); Ledstone (C.S.) ; Micklefield (C.S.) ; Scarborough 
(/-.R.) ; Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W. 7°). 


Chesias spartiata /ad. Pontefract (B./7.) ; Rastrick near 
Huddersfield, a specimen brought to me to name in 
1878 (G.Z.P.); Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (G. Wilson, Naturalist, May, 1882, p. i) 11)) 3 
York (W.P., Ent. W. Int., 1860, p. 44). | 


Tanagra cherophyllata Z. Widely distributed and often 
abundant. 

Barnsley (/.#.); Blubberhouses ! (Lord Walsing- 
ham) ; Bradford (7. W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Dews- 
bury (G.Z.P.); Driffield (Z. B. Ross); Edlington near 
Doncaster (/.H.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! 
(G.T.P.); Leeds (Z.B.); Pateley Bridge (W. Storey) ; 
Pontefract (B.H.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. 
Sang) ; Scarborough !!(/.2.R.); Settle (4 & Parsons); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); York (Staznton’s 
Manuat ). 


Trans.Y.NiU. Series D, Vol 2. 


DREPANULA AND PSEUDO-BOMBYCES. 63 


DREPANULA. 


Platypteryx lacertula Zid. Pontefract (B.4.); Scar- 
borough ! (Z: V.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wharncliffe Woods 
(W. Hf. Smith) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). 


Platypteryx falcula W.V. Adel near Leeds (W.ZA.T.) ; 
Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (/.#.) ; Bishop’s Wood 
(C.S.); Bradford !(/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/7.Sm.) ; Don- 
caster !(W. W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Pontefract (B.Z.); 
Scarborough (7:W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne near 
Goole (W.P.) ; Wakefield (W.7:) ; York! (WP). 

Cilix spinula 1/.V. Generally common among hawthorn. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Bishop’s 
Wood (W.P.) ; Bradford (7, W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; 
Fimcdensield yn (Gai) eeedsain( 7225.) Ponteiract 
(6.77); Richmond (/ Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W. 7°). 


PSE UDO-BOMB YCES. 


Dicranura bicuspis Bork. The late Mr. T. Wilkinson sent | 
me this rare species from Scarborough, where he used to 
take it in some numbers. Records for other localities are 
as follows :— 

Goathland near Whitby (70.42, British Moths, 1871, 
li. 47); Guisborough, several (WW. Jeffrey, Ent. W. Int., 
Sep. 11, 1858); Middlesbrough (Zool. 1857, xv. 5825) ; 
Ripon (Z: Meldrum, Ent. W. Int., ix. 107); Yarm, empty 
cocoons (W. Lister, Entom., 1869, iv. 231) ; York, one by 
Mr. Robert Cook in 1859 (ut. Ann.,1860, p. 139); and 


in 1860 (Z. &. Allis, Ent. W. Int., viii. 51). 
E 


64 : PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Dicranura furcula Z. Bramham! (/..Sv.) ; Headingley near 
Leeds, one, 1847 (A. Shipley, Zool. 1848, vi. 2236); Pon- 
tefract (B.H.); Richmond (G.P. 4, G.T-P., and /. Sang) ; 
Scarborough, not uncommon (7:W.); Selby (&.Z); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Whitby ! (W.£Z.C.). 


Dicranura bifida 7. Of wider distribution than the last. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-#.); Bramham ! 

(/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Pon- 

tefract (2.4); Richmond (G.P.4. and /. Sang); Scar- 

borough! (7. W.); Selby (2.4); Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne 
(W.W.); Wakefield (W.7.) ; York! (Z. Wilson). 


Dicranura vinula Z. Plentiful probably everywhere. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-&); Bishop’s 
Wood (C.S.) ; Bradford! (/.W.C.) ; Bramham ! ( 7..Sm.) ; 
Bridlington (4Z.Z.) ; Goole (/. Harrison) ; Huddersfield ! 
(G.T-P.); UWkley (A. Denny); Leeds! (WA 2422); Pon- 
tefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough!! (PZ); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7:) ; Washburn-dale 

(W.Z.C.); Whitby !! (WZ.C.) ; York (Z. Wilson). 


Stauropus fagi Z. A great rarity with us. Taken by Mr. 
Wm. Bowers near Selby in 1864 (2. Hebson, Naturalist, 


Old Series, 1864, i. 255). 


Petasia cassinea /ad.. Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bramham, 
common on birch trunks early in November (/.Svz.) ; 
Doncaster ! (W.W.); Edlington (74); Richmond 
(G.P.#.) ; Scarborough! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York 
(W.P.). 


Pygeera bucephala Z. Askham Bog (WVP.); Barnsley 
(j/..); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Boroughbridge (/.G.) ; 
Bradford (j.W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Bridlington 
(42.L.) ; Goole Moors (/. Harrison); Harrogate (J. W. 
Speck) ; Huddersfield (G.7:P.) ; Ilkley (W.Z.C.); Leeds 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


PSEUDO-BOMBYCES. 65 


(Z.8.); Pannal (W.D.R.) ; Pontefract (2.4.); Richmond 
(J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. Z.); Wetherby !! 
(HEIDI) 


Clostera curtula Z. Only recorded from York (2. C., Extom., 
Feb. 1842; W.P., Ent. Mo. Mag., vii. 256). 


Coy) 


Clostera reclusa JV. Also apparently confined to the 
York district. 
Askham Bog (WW P.); Strensall Common, the larve 
feed on sallow (P.Z). 


Ptilodontis palpina Z. Askham Bog (WP); Bishop’s 
Wood (C.S.) ; Bramham West Woods (C..S.); Richmond 
(G.P.77.) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T:); York (WP). 


Notodonta camelina Z. Generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7.4); Bishop’s 
Wood (W.£.C.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; 
Bradford(/. W.C.); Bramham!(_/..Sm.) ; Edlington Wood! 
(G.Z.P.); Grassington (7, R.); Halifax (G.7:P.); Hud- 
dersfield, not uncommon (G.77P.); Hunslet (/-P) ; 
Meanwood near Leeds (W.4.7:); Market Weighton 
(WP); Pontefract (2.4); Richmond (/ Sang) ; Scar- 
borough (G.7Z:); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.T7.); 
Wharncliffe Woods (G. 7: .). 


Notodonta dicte#a Z. Askham Bog (WP); Bramham | 
(J.Sm.); Huddersfield (7.V.); Leeds (A. Denny and 
C.S.); Pontefract (2.4); Rawmarsh near Rotherham 
(F.0.M., Wood’s Naturalist, June, 1837, ii. 166-7); Rich- 
mond (G.P.4. and /. Sang); -Scarborough !! (7. W); 
Selby (#.7.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WT) ; 
Whitby ! (W.Z.C.) ; York (WP). 


Notodonta dictzeoides Zsf. Barnsley (/.4.); Bingley 
(J. A. Butterfield); Bramham (W.H.T:); Huddersfield 
(PL); Pontefract (6.4.); Rotherham (W. Thomas) ; 


66 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Scarborough !! (7. W.); Selby (2. and 7’); Sheffield 


y) 


(A.D.) ; Wakefield (G.7'P. and C.W.R.); York (W.P.). 


Notodonta dromedarius Z. Common and widely dis- 
tributed. The larvee feed on birch and alder. 
Adel Moor (G.7'); Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/-f2.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.) ; Bradford (W. HZ. Cooper) ; 
Edlington Wood (G.7-P.); Halifax (G.7-P.); Hudders- 
neldW(G.7p2))); maetunsletn( V2.) sleanmalin 1/22 vita) 
- Richmond (f Sang); Scarborough!! (7: W.); Sheffield 
(4.D.); Wakefield! (G.7.P. and C.W.R.); Wharncliffe 
Woods (G.7:P.). 


Notodonta ziczac Z. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/-#2.) ; Blubberhouses (Zord Walsingham); Bramham ! 
(J.Sm.); Wudderstield (27.); Hunslet (7,2); Ponte: 
fract (6.47.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough!! (7: W.) ; 
Selby (#.4/.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.). 


Notodonta trepida fad. Rare. 

Bishop’s Wood (&. 4. and C.S.) ; York (W.P.) ; also, 
according to F. O. Morris, at Doncaster. 

Notodonta chaonia JV.V. I have bred this rather scarce 
species from larvee I found crawling down the oak trunks in 
Edlington Wood (G.7-P.). Other reported localities are 
Bishop’s Wood; Pontefract (2.4); Scarborough !!(Z7: W.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manua/ ). 


Notodonta dodonza W.V. Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Scar- 
borough !! (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (W.P.). 


Diloba czruleocephala Z. Widely distributed and often 

common ; scarce in some parts of the south West Riding. 

Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (7-4); Bishop’s 

Wood (G.7:); Bramham! (/.Sm.); Brough (G.7:P) ; 

Goole (/. W.C.); Leeds (C.S.) ; Pontefract (B.H.) ; Ras- 

kelf (G. 7.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: 7.) ; 
Sheffield (A.D.) ; Thirsk (GZ); Wakefield (W. T:). 


Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTUZ. 67 


IM Q\CING AE, 


Thyatira derasa Z. Widely distributed and not uncommon. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.4.); Bishop’s 

Wood (C.S.) ; Boroughbridge (HZ. Andrews); Bramham 

(/.Sm.); Doncaster !! (W.W.); Goole Barracks (/. Har- 

vison) ; in Holderness, Beverley, &c. ! (VV. FD.) ; Mean- 

wood near Leeds (C.S.) ; Pontefract (2.4.) ; Scarborough 

(Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.); Wharncliffe 
Woods (S.Z.4Z.). 


Thyatira batis Z. Well distributed and rather common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.4.); Bishop’s 
Wood! (G.7:P.); Boroughbridge (HZ. Andrews); Bram- 
ham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster! (W.W.); in Holderness, 
Beverley, &c.!(4.A#.D.); Huddersfield (G.Z:P.) ; Leeds 
(WH.T.); Pontefract (6.4.);, Richmond (G.7.A7); 
Saltaire (Wardman); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (MV. 7.) ; Wharncliffe Woods (.S.Z.4Z.). 


Cymatophora duplaris Z. Askham Bog (IV. P.); Bishop’s 
Wood! (G.Z7./. and C.S.); Bramham (/..Sm.); Edling- 
ton Wood (/.#.) ; in Holderness, Beverley, &c. (V./.D.) ; 
Huddersfield (P.Z.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(ZW); Shetiield (4.D.). 


Cymatophora fluctuosa Ais. Barnsley (/.4.); Rother- 
ham (Wm. Rodgers); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield, 
occasionally (47. Sims and W.T:); Wharncliffe Woods ! 

“(G.T-P.); York (Z. Wilson); also recorded from Hud- 
dersfield, where I believe it has occurred, although I have 
never seen it (G.Z\P.). 


CGymatophora diluta 1. V. Askham Bog (IV. P.); Barnsley | 
(/.7.); Doncaster !(W.W.); Meanwood near Leeds ! 
(W.7.T.); Pontefract (G.H.); Scarborough (ZW); 
Selby (7:#) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7). 


68 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Cymatophora or W.V. Very local. 
Scarborough !! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (A. D.). 


Cymatophora flavicornis Z. Usually common where 
there is any extent of birch. 

Barnsley (/-H.); Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Blubber- 
houses (W.D.R.); Bradford ! (7,W.C.); Bramham !! 
(/.Sm.) ; Doncaster! (W.W.); Edlington Wood (G.7:P.); 
Huddersfield! (G.7.P.); Leeds! (WA.7.); Pontefract 
(B.H.); Richmond (G.PZ.); Scarborough (7. W.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7:) ; York (2.C.). 

Mr. S. L. Mosley has taken a very pale variety at 
Huddersfield. 

Cymaiophora ridens /ad. Sheffield (4.D.); York (WP). 


Bryophila perla 17 V. Generally common, often abundant. 
Barnsley (/-#.); Beverley! (V.4D.); Bradford ! 
(J.W.C.); Bramham! (/.Sm.);. Goole (/. Harrison) ; 
Huddersfield (G.7P.); Ilkley (4. Denny); Leeds! 
(W.H.T.); Pannal(W.D.R.); Pontefract (6.77.) ; Red- 
car (f. Sang); Richmond (G.P.Z.); Scarborough !! 
(G.LP.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (IZ); Vork 
(R.C.). 
Acronycta tridens 17 V. Askham Bog (WW.P.); Beverley ! 
(WV.F:D.); Bishop’s Wood (/. WT.) ; Pontefract (B.7.) ; 
Scarborough (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Z: Wilson). 


Acronycta psi Z. Common everywhere. 
Acronycta leporina Z. Not uncommon. 


Barnsley (/.4.); Bradford (/7.W.C.); Bramham ! 
(/.Sm.); Edlington Wood (G.Z7:P.); Huddersfield 
(G.Z-P.); Hunslet ! (7,P.); Meanwood near Leeds 
(W.4.T.) ; Pontefract (B..); Rotherham (W. Thomas); 
Scarborough (7.W.); Selby (Z:~); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Wakefield (G.Z7°P. and W.7.). 

At Beverley (lV. /.D.) and at York( W.P.)the dark form, 
variety Bradyporina, Z~, only occurs, not the pale form. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2 


NOCTUZ. 69 


Acronycta megacephala W.V. Askham Bog (W.P.); 
Bishop’s Wood (7./% and C.S.); Bradford (/.W.C.) ; 
Bramham (/.Sm#.); Huddersfield (/.V.); Pontefract 
(B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Acronycta aini Z. This species, always considered a great 
rarity, used to be taken not uncommonly at Scarborough 
by the late Mr. T. Wilkinson. It has also been taken re- 
peatedly some years at Edlington Wood near Doncaster, 
and at Haw Park, near Wakefield, in both of which locali- 
ties as well as about York I have no doubt it might be 
taken every season if well worked for. 

The following records will shew its distribution :— 
Bishop’s Wood (C..S.) ; Bramham, twice on birch (/..Sm.); 
Brantingham near Brough (Zzz. W. fnz., vill. 195) ; Don- 
caster (W/W. and others); Edlington Wood (/.4. and 
others) ; I took a larva there on the upper side of an oak 
leaf on August 5th, 1882 (G-Z7:\P.); Guisborough (W. 
Jeffrey, Ent. W. Int., iv. 188) ; Huddersfield, one at sugar 
by Mr. J. Varley, and one by Mr. F. Dearnley at Norton- 
thorpe, on June 8th, 1874 ; Leeds, one in 1858 (/% Oates, 
Ent. W. Int., p. 203) ; Rotherham, in 1876 (/ames Bloor) ; 
Scarborough, not uncommon (7:1); Selby, in 1878 
(ie) Shettield (AL) one son) sume auth S745 lie 
Sheldon, Entom., vii. 178) ; Wakefield, not very uncommon 
(W.T., C.W.R., G.T:P., and others); York, not uncom- 
mon (W.P.). 


Acronycta ligustri 1. V. Local. 
Beverley! (V.7.D.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Bramley 
Fall Wood near Leeds (Z.2.); Pontefract (6.7.) ; Scar- 
borough !! (7: W.) ; Sheffield, in old list (4.D.); York, not 
“uncommon (lV. P.). 


The York specimens generally are so different from 
southern ones that at first sight I quite failed to recognize 
some shewn to me by Mr. Prest. The large blotch towards 


7O PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


the costa instead of being white is olive-green, and indeed 
the upper wings are marbled all over with this olive-green. 
Mr. N. F. Dobrée says that this variety greatly preponder- 
ates about Beverley (G.Z:P.). 


Acronycta rumicis Z. Abundant everywhere. 

The dark variety, salicis Cw77., is very common at 
Huddersfield, and doubtless throughout the south West 
Riding. It also occurs at Doncaster (W. W.) ; Richmond 
(G.P.HZ.); and Selby (ZF) ; so is probably as widely dis- 
tributed as the type. 

Acronycta menyanthidis Zs. Generallycommononheaths 
and moors, and sometimes in woods containing bilberry 
and ling, on which the larva feeds. 

Bradford !! (/, W.C.); Goole (J. Harrison) ; Halifax 
(G.7.P.) ; Huddersfield !(G.7.7); Ilkley (C.S.) ; Riccall 
Common (G.Z7’P.); Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (7: 
Meldrum); Thorne near Goole (CS. and W.W.) ; Saddle- 
worth (&. S. £delston) ; Sheffield (A.D.); Strensall Com- 
mon, York (W.P.). 

“The York specimens” says Mr. W. Prest (Zztom., 
x. 129) ‘are nearly black.” Mr. J. Harrison of Goole has 
also sent me this very dark form from his district. 

Leucania conigera W.V. Generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley 
(ViF.D:); Bradford \ €/.W.C.);  Brambam (/.Sm.)); 
Dewsbury (G.7\P.) ; Flamborough Head (#.4.); Hud- 
dersfield (G.7-P.); Pontefract (B.4.); Richmond (/. 
Sang) ; Scarborough ! (G.Z7:P.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.Z.). 

Leucania lithargyria £sf. Common, probably everywhere. 


Leucania littoralis Cust. Abundant at Spurn (W.#D. and 
P.W.L.). Not recorded from elsewhere. 


Leucania pudorina W.V. Askham Bog(W./.) ; Bramham 
(/.Sm.) ; Pontefract (2.4) ; Scarborough (7: W). 


Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTUZ. Fil 


Leucania comma Z. Not uncommon. 
Adel (W.H.T.); Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(J/.H.); Beverley !(V.D.); Bishop’s Wood (G.T_) ; 
Bramham ! (/..S.); Huddersfield (G.7.P.) ; Pontefract 
(B.H.); Raskelf (G.7:); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond 
(J. Sang); Scarborough (/-7.2.); Sheffield (4.2) ; 
Wakefield (7.2). 


Leucania impura //). Found probably everywhere, aud 
generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.@) ; Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bradford ! (7,W.C.); Flamborough Head 
(Z.77.) ; Goole (/. Harrison); Hambleton (G.Z7:) ; Hook 
Moor near Aberford (/.W.7.); Huddersfield (G.7-2.) ; 
Leeds (V.H.T.) ; Pontefract (B.H.); Redcar (/. Sang) ; 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7,4.2.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7). 


Leucania pallens Z. Abundant everywhere. 
A form which I think is the variety ectypa wd. is 
tolerably common. 


Leucania phragmitidis 7. Asknam Bog (IV.P.) ; Bever- 
ley !(VZ#D.); Bramham (/.S7.). 


Tapinostola elymi Z7. Common at Spurn (VD. and 
LW Sbn)y 
Mr. Dobrée informs me that this species comes very 
freely to light. I have taken it in plenty on the Lincoln- 
shire coast at rest after dark on the stems of marram grass 
and its food plant Elymus arenarius. 


Nonagria despecta Z7. Not common. 
Balby near Doncaster (WV. W.) ; Beverley (V.#.D.). 


Nonagria fulva 7. Fairly common. 
Adel near Leeds (G.7.); Askham Bog (W..); 
Beverley! (V.#-D.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Blubber- 


72 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


houses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bradford ! (/. W.C.) ; Bram- 
ham (/.Sm.); Haigh! (G.7\P.); Huddersfield (G.Z'P.) ; 
Richmond (G.P. 7.) ; Scarborough ! (Stazuton’s Manual); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WV. Z.). 

Nonagria cannee Och. Mr. P. Inchbald says this species 
has occurred among bulrush at Shepley Mill near Hud- 
dersfield, but I cannot help thinking there is some mistake 
in connection with it. 

Nonagria typhee £sf. Usually not uncommon where Zypha 
latifolia grows freely. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Beverley! (4. 4.D.); Hudders- 
field (/.V.); Pontefract (2.4.); Roystone near Barnsley 
(/..); Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T. and C.S.); Woodlesford (/.F.). 

Nonagria lutosa 4+. Not uncommon in the eastern division 
of the county, but a specimen I have in my cabinet, which 
I took from a gas-lamp in Huddersfield, is the only record 
of its occurrence in the south West Riding. 

Askham Bog (/V.?.) ; Balby near Doncaster (W. W.); 
Beverley! (4. #D.); Hull! (V.#-D.); Scarborough (7: W.); 
Spurn (W.£.C.). 

Gortyna flavago W.V. Widely distributed and not un- 
common. Mr. N. F. Dobrée writes of this species: “In 
all the specimens I have seen from the East Riding, the 
size is not more than two-thirds of southern specimens, 
and the colouring is yellow instead of orange. ‘The differ- 
ence is so marked that I am surprised that it has not hither- 
to been noticed in print.” 

Adel (C.S.) ; Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barnsley (/..) ; 
Beverley ! (4V.#.D.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7Z!); Bradford 
(J-VAC.) ; Doncaster (VAVA); ‘Goole, Harrison) 
Huddersfield (G. 7: P.) ; Leeds (Z.B.) ; Pontefract (2.77); 
Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (/. Waite); Scarborough 
(Z.W.); Selby (G.Z°P.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTUZ. 73 


Hydrecia nictitans Z. Plentiful and often very strongly 
coloured. Very partial to ragwort flowers. 
Adel (4. Denny); Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.fZ.); Beverley (V./#D.); Bishop’s Wood (WP); 
Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bradford! (J. W.C.) ; 
Bramham (/.Sm.); Dewsbury (G. Z:.) ; Huddersfield !! 
(Ge) likley !|(WALUG) ; beeds!( W277. 7) > Pannall! 
(W.D.R.) ; Pontefract (6.H7.); Redcar (/. Sang) ; Rich- 
mond (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough (Z. V.); Sheffield (4.D.); 
Wakefield (W.T.). 


Hydreecia petasitis Doz Beverley (VAD.); Hudders- 
field (/.V.); Kirkstall near Leeds (C.S.); Scarborough 
(Z:W.); on the banks of the Don between Sheffield and 
Rotherham (4.D.); Thorner (€.S:); Wakefield !(W Z., 
C.S., and others). 


Hydrecia micacea “sf. Generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-&); Beverley 
(V.F.D.); Bradford (7. W.C.); Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Hud- 
derstield (G72 7.) ;" Weeds *!! (WZALZ.)- Pontefract 
(B.77,); Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (J. Waite); Scar- 
borough !! (.Staznton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (WW. 7). 


Axylia putris Z. Askham Bog (W7P.); Bradford (7. WC.) ; 
Bramham (/.S7.) ; Bridlington (AZ.Z.) ; Goole (7. Harrz- 
son) ; Huddersfield (G.7-P.); Leeds! (W.Z.T7.) ; Ponte- 
fract (B.H.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (G.P?.Z) ; 
Scarborough !! (.Staznton’s Manual); Wakefield (W.T.) ; 
York (7.H.A.). 


Xylophasia rurea /ad. Abundant no doubt everywhere. 
In the south West Riding the variety combusta 
ffaw. is about as plentiful as the type, and many of the 
specimens are exceedingly rich in colour. Mr. S. L. 
Mosley says the varieties alopecurus Lisp. and borealis 
also occasionally occur at Huddersfield. 


74 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Xylophasia lithoxylea //%V. Common, probably through- 
out the county. 


Xylophasia sublustris £sf. Not common. 
Askham Bog (WV.P.) ; once at Meanwood near Leeds 
(AZT) Ponte tract | (e275) em scar borouciin eyia) Ee 
Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Xylophasia polyodon Z. Very abundant everywhere. 
The black form, variety infuscata ite, is of fre- 
quent occurrence both east and west. 


Xylophasia hepatica Z. Widely distributed and not un- 
common. 

Askham Bog (W./.); Barnsley (/.7#.); Beverley ! 
(V.ED.); Bradford (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm:) ; 
Hambleton (G.Z:); Huddersfield (AZ) ; Leeds (Z£.2.) ; 
Pontefract (4.4.); Richmond (/ Sang); Saltaire 
(—. Wardman) ; Scarborough (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D:); 
Wakefield (W.7.). 


Xylophasia scolopacina sf. Not uncommon in well 
wooded districts. 

Barnsley (/-#.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S. and G.Z.); 
Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (P./.); Scarborough 
(Z.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield, very common at 
Haw Park some seasons (G.7.P., W.T., and C.W.R.); 
York (W.P.). 

Neuria saponariz sf. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(J...) ; Beverley (V.#:D.) ; Bishop’s Wood (G.7:) ; Pon- 
tefract (6.4); Richmond (G.P.4); Scarborough ! 
(7.W). 


Heliophobus popularis #a/. Not uncommon. 

Adel (C..S.) ; Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7.2) ; 
Beverley ! (V.#.D.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Huddersfield 
(GATE eeeds(//2E. 7) Pontetracts (38/78) + maka be 
mond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z:/.) ; Sheffield, in old 
list (A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T7.). 


we Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTU. 75 


Chareeas graminis Z. Of general occurrence and often 
abundant. 

Adel Moor (W.#.T.); Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barns- 

ley (/.-#7.); Beverley! (N.E-D.) ; Bishop’s Wood (/. W. T:); 

Bradford (7.W.C.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Grassington 

(GS.); Huddersfield 1! (@: 77.) ; Hunslet (7.7); Ilkley 

(A. Denny); Pateley Bridge(4. Denny); Pontefract (B. 7); 

Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/.Sang); Saddleworth 

(R. S. Edelston) ; Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield, in old 


list (4.D.); Wakefield (17.72). 


Cerigo cytherea /ad. Askham Bog (WP); Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bramham (/..S7.); Flamborough Head (£./.); 
Pontefract (B.H.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. 
Sang). 


Luperina testacea JV. Very common, no doubt every- 
where. Some good pale varieties occur at Huddersfield. 


Luperina cespitis 17 V. Doncaster (7. V., Naturalist, N.S, 
iso) tudderstield (Gave); “Rontemact | (Sa24).: 
Sheffield (W Thomas, Ent. W. Int., Nov. 3, 1860) ; 
Wakefield (7.7) ; York (WP). 


Mamestra anceps /id. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.7.); Beverley! (V.#.D.); Bradford (/. W.C.) ; Bram- 
ham (/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield (S.Z.47.) ; Pontefract (B./Z.) ; 
Wakefield (W.T.). 


Mamestra abjecta Ais. Mr. N. F. Dobrée took eleven 
specimens and missed several others of this local. species 
at the mouth of the Humber in August, 1880. Also re- 
corded from York by Mr. J. T. Carrington (Zt. Mo. 
Mag., v.77; also Ent. W. Int., 1860, p. 134). 


Mamestra albicolon ib. Common at Spurn (WV. 7.D.). 


Mamestra furva W.V. Askham Bog (W./.); Barnsley 
(W. £. Brady); Bradford, not common (/. WC.) ; Hud- 


76 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


dersfield, rare (/.V.); Hull !! (Stephens’ LMlustrations) ; 
Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual) ; Wakefield (W.7.). 


Mamestra brassice JZ. Very abundant everywhere. 


Miamestra persicarize JZ. Hambleton (G.Z7:); Hudders- 
field (G72) Goole(Gi Harrison). Snenield (4a) 
Weeton (/.P.). 


Apamea basilinea WV. Abundant, probably everywhere. 
I have taken some very beautiful strongly coloured 
specimens at Huddersfield. 


Apamea connexa Bork. Barnsley (/.4.); Scarborough ! 
(7. W.); Sutton-on-Derwent (Rev. G. RK. Read, Ent. W. 
Lnt., July 20, 1861) ; Wakefield! (W. 7.) ; York (WP). 


Apamea gemina i/o, Common and very variable. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7H); Beverley 
(V.#.D.); Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Bradford (7. W.C.) ; 
Huddersfield! (G. Z:P.); Meanwood near Leeds (W.Z.7.); 
Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); 
Wakefield (W. 7). 


Apamea unanimis id. Not uncommon. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.@.); Beeston 
Royds and Thorp Hall (C.S.) ; Beverley (V./D.) ; Brad- 
ford( /. W.C.); Bramham!(/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield (G. 7.2.) ; 
Leeds (Z.8.); Sheffield (Rev. J. Johnson, Zool., 1847, 
v. 1659); Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Apamea fibrosa iid. Very local. 
Askham Bog !(W.P.); Beverley (V.4.D.); Don- 
caster, two, in different years (George Tindall); Scar- 
borough (Z: W.) ; Wakefield (WV. 7.). 


Apamea oculea Z. Abundant everywhere and exceedingly 
variable. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


NOCTUZ. ify 


Mr. S. L. Mosley has taken varieties didyma Bork., 
I-nigra aw., and rava AHaw., at Huddersfield, and 
probably all the named varieties are generally plentiful. 


Miana strigilis Z. Abundant everywhere and very variable. 
Varieties latruncula 7d. and AEthiops Haw. are 
very plentiful in the West Riding (G. 7: P.). 


Miana fasciuncula Haw. Abundant, both red and brown 
forms being equally plentiful. 


Miana literosa Haw. Widely distributed and common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7-4); Beverley 
(QED). Binley (2: 2:2.5))= > Bradtord, (/sieE.) : 
Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Flamborough Head ! (#.4.) ; Hud- 
dersfield !! (G.Z:F.) ; Meanwood near Leeds (W.Z.T.) ; 
iRoutciact (2.775) Rastrick (G. 7a. )\;) Redcael(/ S72); 
Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough !! (7: W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Miana furuncula /7V. Not very common. 
Barnsley (/. #7.) ; Huddersfield (PZ) ; Leeds (Z.B.) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7:) ; York (0.4, Brit. 
Moths, 1871, 116). 


. Miana expolita Staznton. Mr. E. P. P. Butterfield took a 
specimen at Grassington on the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union’s visit there, August 7th, 1882, and this appears to 
be the only known occurrence of the species in the county. - 


Miana arcuosa Haw. Common. The female is very slug- 
gish, but may readily be found by searching the stems of 
the food plant, Azra cespitosa, with a light after dark. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bingley (Z.P.P.B.); Bishop’s Wood (G. 7.) ; 
Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bradford !(/. W.C.) ; 
Bramham ! (_/..S7.); Flamborough Head (Z£./7.).; Halifax 
(Geile?) seid derstield:(G_ 72-7) eed shared): 
Pontefract (2.4); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough 
(T.W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.). 


78 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Celzena Haworthii Cw7t. Abundant on the damp parts of 
the West Riding Moors where the cotton grass grows freely. 
Askham Bog (IV. P.); Bradford (/. WC.) ; Deerhill, 
Huddersfield ! (G.Z'P.); Hebden Moors near Grassing- 
ton! i(E.S:) 5p Marsden!!! (G72?) e iPemistonles((/aA75))- 
Richmond (/. Sang); Rombalds Moor (Z.PPB.); 
Saddleworth (#. S. £delston); Scarborough (7. W); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (WV. T.). 


Grammesia trilinea 17 V. Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley 
(/.77.) ; Beverley !(V.ZD.) ; Bramham ! (/..S.) ; Hud- 
dersfield (PZ) ; Meanwood near Leeds (W.4.T.); Pon- 
tefract (B.4.); Richmond (G.P.#.); Scarborough (7: W); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (WV. 7). 


Hydrilla palustris 7d. The following note on this species 
appears in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1855, p. 37:— 
‘*A specimen taken near York is in the collection of Mr. 
Allis.” Stainton’s Manual gives ‘‘Compton’s Wood near 
York ” as the locality. 


Caradrina Morpheus JVaturf. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Hud- 

- dersfield (G.7:P.); Leeds! (W.H.T.); Pontefract (B.Z.); . 
Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (G.P.4.); Scarborough 

(7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Caradrina Alsines Bork. Askham Bog (W.P.); Beverley! 
(V.ZD.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Bradford 
(J. W2G,) 3 Pontetract (B77) 5) Richmond \(G/5a Saas 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WW. T.). 


Caradrina blanda WV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Beverley 
(V.F.D.) ; Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield (PZ) ; Pon- 
tefract (B.//.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.) ; 
Sheffield (A.D.). 


Caradrina cubicularis 17 V. Very common everywhere. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


NOCTUZ. 79 


Rusina tenebrosa Zid. Common. 

Askham Bog (IV.P.) ; Beverley, common, the speci- 
mens not being so dark as Scotch examples (V./.D.) ; 
Bishop’s Wood (G.Z:); Bradford (7, 1.C.); Edlington 
Woods (e775) 3) Iaudderstield ! (G72); Weeds(2ue.)' 
Pontefract (6.H7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T7.). 


Agrotis valligera VV. A coast species generally, but 
occasionally found inland. 
Balby near Doncaster, two specimens (IV. WW.) ; Brad- 
ford, one at light (7, W.C.) ; Bramham (/..S.); Redcar 
(J. Sang); Selby (K.2.) ; Spurn !! (VAD. and P. W.Z.). 
Agrotis puta i. Morris (British Moths, 1871, ii. 124) 
gives Sutton-on-Derwent as a locality for this species, but I 
know of no other Yorkshire record. 


Agrotis suffusa IV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
O24) > Beverleye | 1(Vi7aD)) = Bingley!) (22a2s5n\. 
Bradford (/.W.C.) ; Huddersfield (/.V.) ; Ikley!(Z.B.) ; 
Leeds (W.77.7.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/ 
Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (IV. T.). 


Agrotis saucia i. Not common. 

Beverley (V.#.D.); Huddersfield (7.V.); Leeds 
(W.H.T.); Richmond (G.P.4.); Scarborough, some 
seasons common (7: /V.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield | 
(W.T.) ; York (WP). 

Agrotis segetum J/.V. Common everywhere, but not so 
plentiful as A. exclamationis. 


Agrotis exclamationis Z. Very abundant everywhere. 


Agrotis corticea WV. Not generally common. 
Adel near Leeds (G. 7.) ; Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Scar- 
borough (7: W.); Spurn !! (VAD. and P. W.L.). 


Agrotis ripze i. Common at Spurn, but differs consider- 


ably from the southern form (VD. and P.W.Z.). 
F 


80 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Agrotis cursoria Bork. Common at the mouth of the Hum- 
ber, but they are much darker than southern specimens 
(V.ED.) ; Spurn !! (P. W.L.). 

Agrotis nigricans Z. Askham Bog(W.P.); Barnsley(/./.); 
Beverley ! (V./D.) ; Huddersfield (G.7°P.) ; Pontefract 
(B.Hf.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scar- 
borough (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (A. D.). 

Agrotis tritici Z. Adel Moors! (W.H.7.); Askham Bog 
(W.P.); Barnsley, rare (/.@.); Flamborough Head 
(EAE) Routetnact «Balser akedear \(@/.1.Sa72e) Scar 
borough ! (Stazuton’s Manual); Spurn !! (VAD. and 
PW.L). 

Agrotis aquilina 17. V. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Scarborough! 
(Stainton’s Manual); Spurn !! (V#D. and P.W.L.). 


Agrotis obelisca 17 V. Scarborough, not uncommon(Z: W.); 
York (W.P., Ent. W. Int., 1860, p. 44). 


Agrotis agathina Duwp. The larve are often common in 
suitable heathery situations, but the imago is comparatively 
seldom seen. 

Adel Moors!(W.4.T.) ; Bingley !(2.P.P.8.); Brad- 
ford (/.W.C.); Huddersfield (G.Z7-P.); Richmond (/. 
Sang and G.P.H.); Scarborough !! (7: W); Sheffield 
(4.D.); York (WB). | 

Agrotis porphyrea 17 V. Very common on all heaths. 


Agrotis preecox Z. Spurn (V/.D. and P.W.L.); once at 
York (Znt. W. Lnt., 1860, p. 134). 
Agrotis ravida 17. V. Rare, except on the coast. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Balby near Doncaster, one 
(IV. W.); Scarborough, sometimes abundant (7.1/7) ; 
Spurn !! (V.4.D. and 2. W.L.); Wakefield (W.T.). 
Agrotis pyrophila 1. V. Excessively rare. | 
“ Has occurred at York” (Stainton’s Manual ) ; is also 
mentioned in an old list of Sheffield species, but this record 
needs confirmation. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTU. 81 


Agrotis lucernea Z. Very rare, but I have seen several 
specimens taken at Huddersfield by different collectors. 
Mr. Carter sent me one to name from Bradford: and 
another was brought to me for the same purpose from 
Brighouse. 


Tryphzena janthina WV. Not uncommon. 

Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley 
(V.FD.); Bingley (Z.P.P.B.); Bishop's Wood (W.P.) ; 
Boroughbridge (H. Andrews) ; Bradford (/. W.C.) ; Bram- 
ham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (G.7°P.); Huddersfield 
(Geel) 3S dlls C2k Denny) ; Meanwood near Leeds ! 
iach) ee sannalen! aA Duke) s mronvetractm (bis) h 
Richmond (/. Sazg); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WV. Z.). 


Tryphzena fimbria Z. Common. 

Askham Bog (W.?.); Barnsley (/.&); Beverley, 
very scarce (V.F.D.); Bradford! (/.W.C.); Doncaster 
(F.O.M., Neville Wood's Naturalist, May, 1837, ii. 83-85); 
Huddersfield! (G. Z7’7.) ; Hunslet (/.P.) ; Meanwood near 
Leeds!(W. 7. T.); Pontefract (B..); Richmond(G.?.#.); 
Scarborough ! (Z:W.); Selby (&.A and 7:/.) ; Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. T.). 


Tryphzna interjecta “id. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bever- 
ley, very scarce (V./.D.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Pannal 
(W.D.R.); Pontefract (B..) ; Redcar (/. Sang); Sheffield 
(ZALIO) 

Tryphzena subsequa WV. Mr. George Brook, F.L.S., of 


Huddersfield, took a specimen on the sand-hills at Redcar 
in July, 1875, which is the only one I have seen. 


Tryphzena orbona fas. Common everywhere. 

Mr. N. F. Dobrée says some of the specimens taken 
in Holderness nearly approach the variety Curtisii. 
Tryphzena pronuba Z. Abundant everywhere, and most 

variable in colour. 


82 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Noctua glareosa sf. Common in woods where ling grows 
freely, and found also in other situations, as the larva does 
not confine itself to ling. 

Adel near Leeds! (WV. #. 7.) ; Barnsley (/.#.) ; Bing- 
ley ! (Z.PPB.); Bradford! (/7.W.C.); Huddersfield ! 
(G.T-P.); Tlkley !! (Z.B.); Richmond (G.P.Z); Scar- 
borough! (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WZ) ; 
Vork (W.P.). 

An extraordinary variety having the wings of a rich 
chocolate-brown colour was taken by Mr Joseph Jackson 
near Barnsley in 1873. It was sent to me to name, as its 
captor quite failed to recognise it (See Ent. Mo. Mag., 
Jan., 1874, X. 181). 

Noctua depuncta Z. Very local. 

Doncaster (Hugh Reid, Zool., 1845, iil. 1199); Ley- 
burn (/. Sang); Richmond (G.P.#.); Scarborough, some- 
times abundant (7: W). 


Noctua augur ad. Very common, no doubt everywhere. 
Noctua plecta Z. Common, probably everywhere. 


Noctua C-nigrum Z. Generally distributed and rather 
common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Balby !!(W.W.); Barnsley, 
rare (J.-H); Beverley! (V.7.D.); Bradford (/.W.C.); 
Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Flamborough Head (£.4.); Goole 
(J. Harrison); Huddersfield (G.Z7°P.); Leeds (Z.4.); 
Pontefract (B.Z.); Rastrick (G.7-P.) ; Redcar (/. Sang); 
Richmond (/. Sang); Ripon (/. Waite); Wakefield 
(W.Z.) ; Wharncliffe Woods (S.Z.dZ). 


Noctua triangulum Och. Not very common. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Pontefract 
(B.77.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7. W) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Noctua rhomboidea 7Z7. A very local species with us. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, 


NOCTUZ. 83 


Richmond (G.P?.#.); Scarborough, taken plentifully 
on Oliver’s Mount (7: V7). 

Noctua brunnea JV’.V. Abundant throughout the West 
Riding, and probably equally so elsewhere. 

Noctua festiva JV. Abundant in most places, and no 
doubt common everywhere. 

Noctua conflua Z%. This, by some considered only a 
variety of JV. festiva, occurs, Mr. Sang says, on the heaths or 
mosses at Richmond. Iam not sure that I have not seen 
it on the West Riding moors, and possibly it occurs in 
other moorland districts, but is generally passed over as 
LV. festiva. 

Noctua Dahlii A. The Bradford district seems to be 
headquarters for this rather local species : some seasons 
it visits the ragwort flowers there in profusion, and some 
nice varieties may be picked out. 

Barnsley (/.#.); Bingley !(Z#.P.P.8.); Bradford !! 
(J.W.C.) ; Huddersfield (.S:D.4. and others) ; Meanwood 
mea Ieeds)! (WZ. 7., C.S., and G.7))5 Richmond 
(G.P. 7.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Noctua rubi Vzeweg. Askham Bog (WP); Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (/.V,) ; 
Meanwood near Leeds !(W.4.7.); Pontefract (6.7.) ; 
Richmond (/. Savg). 

Noctua umbrosa Ad. Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley 
(J.-H); Beverley! (M#D.); Bishop’s Wood (WP); 
Bradford ! (7. W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Huddersfield 
(G.T.P.); Meanwood near Leeds! (W.4H.7'); Redcar 
(J. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stazn- 
ton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.7Z.). 

Noctua baja /”V. Common, probably everywhere. 


Noctua neglecta /7iid. Adel Moor near Leeds (C.S. and 
G.T.); Richmond (G.P.4. and /. Sang); Scarborough 
(7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (W.P.). 


84 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Noctua xanthographa W.V. Abundant everywhere, and 
very variable in colour, in the West Riding. 


Trachea piniperda Zsf. Adel Blackmoor (Walter Buck- 
ton) ; Beverley, common, “the green variety also occurs in 
some quantity” (V.4.D.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Don- 
caster (W.W.); Huddersfield (G.7.7.); Pontefract 
(2.77); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (7 7.) ; York (W.P.). 


Tzeniocampa gothica Z. Abundant everywhere. 
_ The variety gothicina /.S., is reported from Ack- 
worth, Bishop’s Wood, Gledhow and Meanwood; and I 
think I have seen it at Huddersfield. 


Tzeniocampa leucographa W.V. Not of general occur- 
rence. 

Bishop’s Wood (/.G.) ; Conisborough (/,#.) ; Don- 
caster !!(f. A. Hawley, Zool., 1846; and Joseph Wragg, 
Ent. W. Int., 1859) ; Richmond (G.7.Z7.); Scarborough 
(ZL: W.).;, York (WEP.). 


Teeniocampa rubricosa /V.V. Common everywhere and 
abundant in the south West Riding. 


Teniocampa instabilis /”~V. Very abundant, and no 
doubt all the named varieties are common. 


Teeniocampa opima Haw. This species was first added 
to the British list from specimens taken at York by Mr. 
T. H. Allisin 1842. Mr. Prest says ‘‘ the York specimens 
are much darker than the Cheshire coast forms.” ‘This 
may be so generally, but I have taken specimens on the 
Wallasey sandhills quite as dark as the York examples. 
Other localities are: Doncaster ! (—. Lvans, Hint. Ann., 
1855, 2. 32; and /. Rk. Hawley, Zool., 1846) ; Richmond 
(G.P.H. and /. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTU. 85 


Teniocampa populeti 722. Askham Bog (WV. P.); Bishop’s 
Wood (WP); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Conisborough 
(W.W.); Doncaster (/. R. Hawleyand W.W.); Hudders- 
field, very scarce (G.Z:P.); Richmond (G.P.Z. and //. 
Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); near 
York (W.P.). 


Tzeniocampa stabilis ”~V.  Plentiful everywhere, both 
-red and grey forms. 


Teeniocampa gracilis WV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bever- 
ley, scarce (V./D.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster 
Wik. owley, 200. 1846, p. 1253)';, Dritheld (Ly ZB. 
Ross); Halifax (4. A. Davis, Loudon’s Mag. Nat. FHist., 
1832, ~. 245) ; Huddersfield (7 V.); Richmond (/. Sang an 
Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.). 


Teniocampa miniosa IV. V. This very pretty species is 
scarce with us. The larvae when young feed gregariously 
on oak. 

Doncaster (/. &. Hawley, Zool., 1846, p. 1353); 
Huddersfield (/.V.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Staznton’s 
Manuat ). 


Teniocampa munda WV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bever- 
ley ! (VFD.); Bishop’s Wood (/.G.); Bramham ! 
(/.Sm.) ; Doncaster !!(f. &.. Hawley, Zool., 1846, p. 
1353); Huddersfield (PZ) ; Leeds, at Bramley Fall Wood 
(G.T:); Pontefract (B.A); Richmond (G./.4. and /. 
Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.T.). 


Teeniocampa cruda WV. Askham Bog (W-P.) ; Barnsley. 
(SiIEL)) = isrellesy 1 (GAIA ID) & leieevchiones! (AWA) 5 
Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster (/. Hawley); Halifax 
(A. A. Davis); Huddersfield (G.7:P.) ; Leeds (W.Z.T.); 
Pontefract (4.4); Richmond (/. Savg); Sheffield (4.D.) ; 
Thirsk (G.Z:) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


86 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Orthosia suspecta Aid. Rather common, in some localities 
abundant. The species was first added to the British list 
from specimens taken at York by Mr. T. H. Allis (Zaz. 
Ann., 1855, ~. 32). Some seasons it abounds in the 
Bradford district, and perhaps can be taken more plenti- 
fully there than anywhere. 


Barnsley (/.H.); Bingley (2.P./.8.); Bradford !! 
(J.W.C.); Doncaster (S. Stevens, Zool., 1847, v. 1788) ; 
Halifax (G.7-P.); Huddersfield !(G.Z°P.) ; Meanwood 
near Leeds (WV... 7.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York, abundant 
both at Askham Bog and Sandburn (WP). 


Orthosia hypsilon MV. Common amongst old willows 
and poplars. The larvae may often be found huddled 
together in dozens by stripping off the loose bark of old 
willows in the daytime; or they may be collected as they 
rapidly ascend the trunks to feed after dusk. 


Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Beverley ! (V..D.) ; Bishop’s 
Wood (W.P.) ; Bramham! (/..Sm.); Goole (/. Harrison) ; 
Huddersfield !! (G.Z:P.); Pontefract (B.4); Richmond 
(G.P.7Z.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.). 


Orthosia lota Z. Not uncommon. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.Z.); Beverley ! 
(N.F.D.); Bingley (2PPB.); Bradford (7,W.C); 
Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield (G.Z:P.); Meanwood 
near Leeds (WA.T.); Pontefract (B.77.); Richmond 
(J. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W.T.). | 


Orthosia macilenta Ai. Common in woods. 
Askham Bog (WP.); Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley 
(CNEL ID.) 3 levinllay (VFSAIZ IE.) 5 Isieavohroreal (yf Vio) § 
Bramham (/..Sm.); Huddersfield! (G.Z7P.); Ilkley !! 
(Z.B., Zool., 1866); Pontefract (G6. Z.); Richmond 
(J. Sang); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.TZ.). 
Ld 


Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTUZ. 87 


Anchocelis rufina Z. Also common in woods. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); *Bradford ! 
(J7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sw.) ; Huddersfield (GZ: P.) ; 
Ilkley (Z£.B.); Meanwood near Leeds (I.4. 7.) ; Ponte- 
fract (B. 7.) ; Richmond (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough !! (S¢azn- 
ton’s Manual); Selby (Z7:f); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- 
field (W. T.). 

Anchocelis pistacina /V.V. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barns- 
evans) Euebeverley (Nia): ) ss. Bramalvanae a(V/S7722) 
Garforth (C.S.); Huddersfield (7. V.); Meanwood near 
Leeds (W.Z.T.); Pontefract (2.4.); Richmond (/. 
Sang); Scarborough (/.4.2.); Sheffield (W. Thomas) ; 
Wakefield (W. Z.). 

Anchocelis lunosa aw. Not generally common. 

Beverley ! (V.7.D.); Huddersfield (PZ); Rich- 
mond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z: W.); Wakefield (WV. 7.); 
York, one specimen (V7. P.). 

Anchocelis litura Z. Common everywhere. 


Cerastis vaccinii Z. Abundant everywhere, except perhaps 
on some of the exposed parts ofthe coast. 


Cerastis spadicea WV. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.H.) ; Beverley ! (V.7D.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Bran- 
tingham (2. C. Kingston, Zool., Jan., 1866); Huddersfield 
(Swe anday/5V4) me iontetract (32/75) nichmond(@/Z 
Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake 
field (W.Z.). 

Scopelosoma satellitia Z. Generally common. 

Barnsley (/.@.); Beverley ! (V.AD.); Bradford 
(J.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (/. Hawley) ; 
Huddersfield (G. 7:-P.); Meanwood near Leeds! (W.4. T.); 
Pontefract (B.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.); 
Wakefield (W.7:) ; York (/. Birks). 


Xanthia citrago Z. Not uncommon in some districts 
among limes. 


883 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Barnsley (/.#.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Bretton ! 
(GzP); Harley, near Weeds (C)S.)\;) » tiudderstield 
(/.V.) ; Pontefract (BL) ; Richmond (G.P.4.); Rother- 
ham (W. B. Pryer, Ent. W. I[nt., June 8, 1861) ; Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.Z:) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). 


Xanthia cerago W.V. Common among sallow. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-4); Beverley, 
“common, but rather small in size” (V.4:D.); Bingley 
(Z.P.P.B.); Bramham! (/..S.); Huddersfield (G.7.P.); 
Meanwood near. Leeds! (W7.4.T.); Pontefract (B.ZZ.) ; 
Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough !! Ae W.); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


The variety flavescens £s/. occurs at Huddersfield, 
and probably wherever the ordinary form is found. 


Xanthia silago id. Common; the larve of this and X. 
cerago may often be beaten freely out of sallows in spring, 
or collected in the catkins. 

Adel! (W.H.7:); Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.fZ.); Beverley (V.F.D.); Bradford (/.W.C.) ; Bram- 
ham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield ! (G.7.P.); Meanwood near 
Leeds (W..T.) ; Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/ Sang); 
Scarborough (Z: W) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.). 


Xanthia aurago W.V. A great rarity. 
Sheffield (/. Batty and A.D.); taken at Sheffield in 
1859 by Mr. W. Laycock (Zut. Ann., 1860, p. 139); 
‘“‘ Has occurred at York” (Staznton’s Manual). 


Xanthia gilvago Zs. This species was first added to the 
British list from specimens taken at Doncaster by Mr. 
Hugh Reid, and is still to be taken there as freely probably 
as in any other locality in Britain. The elm hedges on the 
way to and near Edlington Wood are well known collecting 
grounds for it. 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. 


NOCTUZ. 89 


Beverley (V.7.D.); Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster ! 
(/-.,G.T.P., W.P., and others); Hull( 7, W. Boult); Led- 
stone and Micklefield (C.S.) ; Pontefract (6/7) ; Rich- 
mond (G.P.A. and /. Sang); Rotherham (Stainton’s 
Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.7:); York 
(WP. and 7. Wilson). 


Xanthia ferruginea VV. Generally common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-#); Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bradford! (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; 
Huddersfield (G. 7: P.); Ikley!! (Z.B.); Leeds! (WA. 7.) ; 
Mirfield (G.7-P.); Pontefract (6.4); Richmond (/. 
Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Cirreedia xerampelina i. Local, but usually not un- 
common where it occurs. 

: Bedale (W. Culverwell, Ent. W. Int., 1859, 2. 4); 
Beverley! (V.#:D.); Bramham (C.S.); Doncaster (W. W.); 
Newton Kyme (C.S.); Pontefract, not uncommon (L./.) ; 
Richmond (G.?.4. and J. Sang) ; Scarborough, not un- 
common (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wetherby ! (C.S.) ; 
York (W.P.). 

Mr. Prest says the beautiful variety unicolor occurs 
at York. 


Tethea subtusa J”. V. The larve may sometimes becollected 

freely from poplars, but the imago is seldom seen at large. _ 

Askham Bog (W./.); Barnsley (/.Z); Bishop’s 

Wood (G.7-P.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield ! 

(G.Z.P.); Richmond (G./P./.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T.). 


Tethea retusa Z. We have only one locality for this local 
species. Askham Bog (W.P.). 


Euperia fulvago WV. Very rare. Mr. J. Harrison took 
one on Sept. 8th, 1875, at Barnsley ; and Mr. W. Prest 
took one at Doncaster in 1881. 


go PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Cosmiatrapezina Z. Abundant everywhere, and very 
variable in the West Riding. 


Cosmia diffinis Z. Scarce. 
Doncaster (7.0.12, British Moths, 1871, ii. 177); 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. 7°). 


Cosmia affinis Z. Barnsley (7-4); Beverley (VAD) ; 
Doncaster (7.0.4, British Moths, 1871, 11.177); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z:) ; York (#.C.). 


Eremobia ochroleuca VV. Rare. 
Huddersfield (7, V.); York, “in 1869 on flowers of 
Senecio gacobea” (T. Wilson, Ent. Mo. Mag., Dec. 1870, 
vil. 161). 


Diantheecia carpophaga Bork. Larve feed in seed cap- 
sules of Sclene inflata. 
Leeds (Z.B.) ; Pontefract (2.4) ; Redcar (/. Sang); 
Richmond (/. Sang); Rotherham (W. Rodgers); Scar- 
borough! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; York !(Z. Wilson). 


Diantheecia capsincola WV. Rather common. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.) ; Beverley ! 
(V.F.D.); Bradford (/.W.C.); Flamborough- Head 
(2577) uddersiieldin(Gy7e72))smuleeedsm (25) mvleatne 
OO! ((CSSs))8 Wentisieie: Evz6)) 5 Ikeclere (5 Sze) 3 
Richmond (/. Sang); Rotherham (W. Rodgers) ; Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W. T.). 


Diantheecia cucubali WV. Larve in seed capsules of 
Silene inflata. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7.4); Hudders- 
field (G.7-P.); Pontefract (B.H.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Rotherham (W. Rodgers, Ent. W. Int., Aug. 21, 1858) ; 
Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. T:); 
York, larvae in seed capsules of Lychuts flos-cuculi (T. 
Wilson). 


Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2 


NOCTUZ. gI 


Diantheecia conspersa VV. Very local. 
Scarborough, not uncommon (Z:1V.) ; York (Stain- 
ton’s Manuat ). 


Hecatera serena WV. Mr. Dobrée says it occurs at Bever- 
ley, but is scarce. We have no other recorded locality. 


Polia chi Z. Abundant in the West Riding, and common 
no doubt everywhere. 
The variety olivacea Steph. occurs at Bradford 
(J. W.C.); Huddersfield (G.Z7-P.) ; Richmond (G.?.7.) ; 
and probably wherever the species occurs in plenty. 


Polia flavocincta Z. Widely distributed and common. 
Adel (W.7.T7.); Askham Bog (W.P.); Beverley ! 
(W.F.D.); Bradford (/. W.C.) ; Huddersfield !! (G. 772) ; 
Meanwood near Leeds (W.H.7:); Richmond (/. Sang) ; 
Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual) ; Wakefield (W.T.). 


The form found at Huddersfield, where the species is 
abundant, is the dark variety meridionalis Bozsd., and 
the type of the species does not seem to occur at all. No 
doubt the variety represents the species in the south West 
Riding generally, but whether it extends to other parts of 
the county I do not know (See WVaturalist, March, 1881, 
p. 122). I have a very beautiful variety, almost black, 
which I took in my garden at sugar, September 17th, 1879 
(Gal) 


Dasypolia Templi Zund. Our county has always been 
considered head-quarters for this moth, and by far the 
majority of cabinets in the country have been supplied with 
specimens from the south West Riding, in some parts of 
which it is often very common. 

Beverley, in 1881 (V.A4D.); Bingley, in 1882 
(E.P.P.B.); Bradford (J. Hirst); Denby !! (G.ZP); 
Doncaster (Hugh Reid, Zool., 1845, ii. 1199); Elland 
(GeieP)) | Tuddersheld !\\(GZ7,));" Keighley “(E.S.) ; 


g2 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Penistone (/.#.); Pontefract (4.4); Scarborough ! 
(7.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.7.); York 
(Stainton’s Manuat ). 


Epunda lutulenta WV. Very rare. 
York (W.P., Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1871, vii. 257). 
Epunda nigra Haw. The Rev. F. O. Morris gives Stockton 
Forest and Sutton-on-Derwent near York as localities, but 
both require confirmation. 


Epunda viminalis /ad. Rather common. 

The very dark form, variety obscurior HYaw., seems 
to predominate all through the county. I have bred it 
from Huddersfield larvze almost perfectly black. 

Askham Bog (W.P.); Bishop’s Wood (W.T.); 
Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Huddersfield! (G.7:P.) ; Pontefract 
(4.77.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: WW) ; 
Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Epunda lichenea 7). Seems only to occur at Scarborough, 
where it is common (7: WV). 


Miselia oxyacanthee Z. Common everywhere. 
The dark form, variety capucina J///., is common 
at Huddersfield, and probably always occurs in more or 
less plenty with the ordinary type. 


Agriopis aprilina Z. Barnsley (/.7.); Beverley !(V.F.D.); 
Bradford (/7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Edlington 
Wood (G.7.P.); Horsforth (/.P.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z) ; 
Ilkley !! (Z.B., Zool., 1866); Pontefract (B.A); Rich- 
mond (/. Sang); Scarborough! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; 
Wakefield (W.Z.) ; York (7. Birks). ; 


Phlogophora meticulosa Z. Plentiful everywhere. 
Euplexia lucipara Z. Common everywhere. 


Aplecta herbida WV. Beverley ! (V.AD.); Bradford 
(W. Hodgson); Bramham (/..Sm.); Doncaster (W. W.) ; 
Edlington Wood (/.@.); Huddersfield (SZ.4Z and 


Trans,Y,N,U, Series D; Vol. 2, 


NOCTUZ. ~ 93 


J-V.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- 
borough !(7.W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.) ; 
Wharncliffe Woods! (S.Z.47,); York, common in some 
seasons (WV.P.). 


Aplecta occulta Z. Generally scarce, but in 1880 occurred 
all over the county, in some localities in plenty. Both 
pale and dark forms occur. 

ibanisiey «(/A75)>) Beverley (Vez) a bradtond 
(J.W.C.); Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (G. ZF.) ; 
Hull, thirteen in 1880 (V#D.); Langwith near York 
(F.0.M., British Moths, 1871, il. 13); Sheffield, in old 
list (4.D.) ; Whitby, in 1880 (C. S. Snell); York, abun- 
dant in 1880, scarce previously (WV. P.). 


Aplecta nebulosa Z7 Not uncommon. 
Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/,&); Beverley 
Nz) Bradtord ! (EVA); Bramhamy (5S); 
-Edlington Wood (/.#.); Flamborough Head. (£.£/7) ; 
Huddersfield (/. V.) ; Meanwood !(W.H.T.) ; Pontefract 
(B.7Z.) ; Scarborough !! (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wake- 
field (W.T.) ; Wharncliffe Woods ! (S.Z.A7Z,). 


Aplecta tincta Bork. Recorded from Edlington, Doncaster, 
by Mr. W. Warren. We have no other locality. 

Aplecta advena WV. Very rare. 

Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 

Hadena adusta sp. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bingley (/. 4. 
Butterfield ); Edlington, Doncaster (/. 4.) ; Huddersfield, 
not uncommon (G.7:P.); Leeds (#.8.); Meanwood 
(W7.T.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (J. Sang) ; 
Scarborough (Z: WW.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. Z.). 


Hadena protea W.V. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley 
(/.H7.); Beverley (V.F.D.); Bingley (Z.P.P.B.) ; Brad- 
ford ! (/7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield 
(J.V.); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.Z.). 


94 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. 


Hadena glauca Aveem. Adel Moors near Leeds (WAT); 
Bingley (Z.P.P.8.); Bradford !(/.W.C.); Halifax (7. 
Mellor); WHuddersfield (G.7.P.); Ilkley (Z.2.); Peni- 
stone (/.H.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Saddleworth (2. S. 
Edelston) ; Scarborough (Z’W.); Sheffield (A.D. and 


Hadena dentina /”V. Common, no doubt everywhere. 


Hadena chenopodii V7. Only recorded from Sheffield 
(A.D.) ; and Wakefield (W. T.). 


Hadena suasa VV. Rare, but rather widely distributed. 
Askham Bog (W.f.); Barnsley (/.7.); Doncaster, 
“ near the river side” (Af. Evans, Zool., 1846, iv. 1227); 
Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar (J. Sang); Sheffield (Zvz. 
Mo. Mag., Nov., 1866, i. 136). 


Hadena oleracea Z. Abundant everywhere. 


Hadena pisi Z. Generally common, but Mr. Dobrée says 
“it does not occur in Holderness.” 


Adel Moors ! (W.A.T.); Askham Bog (WP); 
Barnsley (/-#.); Bradford ! (7,W.C.); Bramham j 
(J.Sm.) ; Huddersfield (G.Z7-P.); Ilkley (4. Denny) ; 
Leeds !! (Z.B.); Pontefract (6.7.); Redcar (/. Sang) ; 
Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (/-47.#.); Sheffield 
(A.D.); Thorne (W.P.); Wakefield (W.). 


Hadena thalassina WVaturf. Very plentiful everywhere. 


Hadena contigua JV. Mr. R. Cook records the species 
as occurring at York, but I know no other locality. 


Hadena genistee Zork. Recorded from Bramham (/. Sm.); 
and York (&.C., Entom, Feb., 1842). 


Hadena rectilinea sf. Scarce. 
Huddersfield (7. V.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 


Trans.Y.N.U, Series D, Vol. 2. 


Bounr mAY 1970 


3 2044 


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