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Me ae
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bon. Auditors :
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Vii.

BeOuN) Pi BEN TS.

ie:

Buack, J. M.: Vocabularies of Three South Australian
Native Languages—-Warrung, Narrinyeri, and Wongaidya
WHEELER, Wittiam Morron: The Australian Ant-Genus
Myrmecorhynchus (Krn. André) and its Position in the
Subfamily ee aun ene. Plate i.
Lovs, J. R. B.: Notes on the Wororra Tribe ae Neri Saitoth
Australia. Plates ii. to viii.
Cookxt, W. Ternent: The Iodine and Bromiae Cuan aes
Sample of Water from Lake Gairdner
Buack, J. M.: Additions to the Flora of South easels:
No, 11. Plats a hOM K1,
Turner, A. JEFFERIS: On some Moths Fearn lige Kiowa and
Norfolk Islands in the South Australian Museum
TuRNER, A. JEFFERIS: Studies in Australian Lepidoptera
Lea, ArtHur M.: Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoptera,
with Descriptions of New Species. Part III. Plates
<i. to Xv. Mi: a
HowcuHin, Warrier: Notes on ive Remarkable Fiealstorw,
near Adelaide, on May 12, 1917. Plate xvi.
Maipen, J. H.: Notes on some South Australian Bacale pts
Rogrrs, KR. $.: Additions to the Orchidaceous Plants of
South ix. Plate xvii.
Dopp, Aan P.: Records and Descriptions A aptielas
Chalecidoidea
LoweER, Oswaup B.: The Lepidoptera of Bioten Hill, New
South Wales. cee EEE:
Buack, J. M.: Additions to the: Piora ia south Aieersine:
No. 12. Bites XMIiy to. xx,
Cuinton, Cuas.: Notes on per See erpcds Bt
Waite, KMpear R., and Others: Results of the South Aus-
tralian Museum Expedition to Strzelecki and Cooper
Creeks. September and October, 1916. Plates xxi. to xliii.
(a) Introduction, by Edgar R. Waite
(b) Narrative, by Edgar R. Waite
(c) General Notes, by Edgar R. Waite
(d) Meteorology, by Edgar R. Waite a
(é). Notes on the Rainfall, by H. A. Huni ...
(f) The Natives, by Edgar R. Waite Ps
(g) Mammalia and Ophidia, by Edgar R. Wanker ws.
(h) Aves, by 8. A. White a 7
(1) Stomach Contents of Birds, by Arthur M. hed
(j) Lacertilia, by F. R. Zietz....
(k) Pisces, by A. R. McCulloch and Edear R. Waite
(l) Crustacea, by Dr. Charles Chilton
(m) Araneidae, by W. J. Rainbow
(n) Insecta, by Arthur M. Lea
(o) Botany, by J. M. Black
Explanation of Plates

Page.

|

14

Page.

MISCELLANEA—
Notes on Diatomaceous Earth from Lord Howe Island 659
Native Legend on the Origin of Orion’s Belt ... oe (OOD
Notes on Various Birds Df. me sw ae oe CE
Notes on Small Flies of Genus Simulium ... $y 2 ie
Notes on Styphelia depressa (the Native Currant) 0. 668
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ... ae An re es 2.) 1666
AnnuAu REPORT aoe be nae Me om dat Rn Sf
BauaNnce SHEETS ae oF f ee Bast Ws oe
Donations to Liprary ae Se a os co Oe
List oF MermBERS ae, an ve net Be. see ... ‘685

APPENDICES—
Field Naturalists’ Section: Annual Report, etc. 1: 688
Malacological Section: Annual Report, ete. aM 2 "693
INDE wi #1 a a oe me ‘S, io ro "G95

THE

Transactions
OF

The Royal Society of South Australia.

Vol. XLI.

VOCABULARIES OF THREE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN NATIVE
LANGUAGES—-WIRRUNG, NARRINYERI, AND WONGAIDYA.

By J. M. Biacx.
[Read September 14, 1916.]

The alphabet used is that of the International Phonetic
Association, with slight modifications, and the characters
which require explanation are as follow :—

[a] when long, is the English a in “father”; when short,
the Scottish a in “man.”

{e|] is the close sound heard long, but not quite pure, in
the English words “they” [de:i|, “pail” [pe:il]. It is rather
rare in Australian languages, and is never heard short in
them.

[e] is the open English ¢ in “‘bed” [bed]. When long it
sounds like a in “fare” or ¢ in “there” [fe:a, de: 9].

Long [1:] is pronounced as 7 in “marine.”” When without
the mark of length it is employed to represent the short, open
sound heard in “pity” [piti]. This is a very common final
vowel in Australian languages, just asin Enghsh. It is more
strictly represented in the phonetic alphabet by [i], and in the
rare instances where it occurs long, or half-long, it is printed
seg
eS [9] is the English o in “not.”

[u] when long [u:!, sounds lke oo in “boot” ; when short,
like oo in ‘‘foot.”’

[oe] is the open French ew or German 6, as in “peur,
Kopfe”’ [poce:r, ‘keepfa]

[9] is the obscure ¢ heard in “‘wanderer”’ [{‘wondero].

A long vowel is indicated by the sign [:] placed after it.

[j]= English y in “young.”’

B

2

[n]=ng in “singer.” It is frequently an initial sound,
a position which it never occupies in English.

[0 | than. time”

[5]=th in ‘‘other.’

[7] is the cacuminal or Somersetshire 7, formed by bend-
ing the point of the tongue backward, so that the lower sur-
face approaches the top of the palate. In its strongest form
this sound is heard in the south-western counties of England,
but it underlies, and is probably the origin of the ‘“‘untrilled
r” in London speech and in “standard English.” It is very
noticeable in American English: [nu:'jark] for [nju:'jo:k],
“New York.” It is almost unknown on the Continent, but
is said to exist in Swedish. It is perhaps worthy of remark,
in view of the similarity which has been shown to exist
between the Dravidian and Australian systems of kinship, that
both the cacuminal and rolled 7 occur in all the principal
Indian languages—Sanscritic and Dravidian, just as they do
in many Australian languages. In native pronunciation the
rolled or trilled 7 [r] is always clearly heard, as in Scotch or
Irish speech, or English of the concert room. As far as I know,
Schiirmann “) is the only author who has noted the existence
of these two forms of the r in an Australian language, and he
points out that the meaning of many words depends on which
sound is employed. Unfortunately he does not indicate the
cacuminal r by a different type. It would be very interesting
to know whether this peculiar sound occurs in the native
languages of the other Australian States. As [7] is pro-
nounced so far back in the mouth, it is often difficult to
diagnose exactly the preceding vowel and to say whether it
ought to be represented by [a], [ce], or [9].

[¢] and |d] are “thick” varieties of these sounds, formed
by pressing the front part of the tongue hard against the
upper teeth, while the centre of the tongue is depressed.

It is often doubtful, in unaccented syllables, whether
[a] or [a] should be used to denote the vowel. Final [a]
seems always to pass into [9] in rapid speech, e.g., [yanta,
qante |

The stressed or accented syllable is indicated by the sign
{'] placed before it, but all words in which the accent is not
marked are stressed on the first syallable, whether they contain
two or more syllables. Thus the words [kundada, narinjeri,
and kakardi], although of 3 and 4 syllables, are all accen-
tuated on the first |’kundada, ‘narinjeri, ‘kakardi].

Letters and single words in the phonetic alphabet occur-
ring i in the ordinary text are placed within square brackets.

(1) ‘‘A Vocabulary of the Parnkalla language,’ p. 1. C. W.
Schiirmann. Adelaide, 1844.

3

WIRRUNG.

This vocabulary was obtained in 1915 from natives camped
near Murat Bay. The language is closely related to Parn-
kalla (spoken in the southern part of Eyre Peninsula), and
- more distantly to the extinct Adelaide language,(?) and others
on the eastern side of Spencer Gulf. In fact, all the
languages from Adelaide northwards along the Flinders
Range, at least as far as Mount Freeling, and westward and
northward in a great sweep to the Everard Ranges and
beyond Fowler Bay, probably to the Western Australian
border, are so closely allied in their vocabulary that they must.
be considered as one group, which might be known as the
“Tindo family,’ from the: name for “the sun,’’ which is
common to almost all of them.

Gathering the words, as I did, from a number of blacks,
pure-blood and half-caste, in the same camp, it seemed to
me that there was considerable difference of dialect among
them, and this view is corroborated by the Rev. C. A. Wie-
busch, Principal of the Koonibba Mission, Denial Bay.
During several years of residence at the mission he has had
unrivalled opportunities for studying the language, and |
was glad to hear from him that he proposes some day ta
publish a grammar and vocabulary. Such a work would be an
invaluable record, and would serve to correct many errors
which have doubtless crept into this outline of the language,
the result of only a few days’ observations.

baia kola, make a fire!

baka (paka), tobacco; baka badjil, to smoke tobacco.

bala'yalin, we; bala’yaliy uldin tji:kibi nuni, we come

from Streaky Bay.

balanu (perhaps the causative case of ba'lardu): balanu

nalara me:] jadu wi:ena ‘dalga, she thinks herself

a pretty woman.
ba'lardu, he, she: ba’lardu jadu nayga, he (is) a good

man; yanta wi:oena ba'lardu, a bad woman (is) she.
bangela, the Parnkalla tribe.

be:ri, finger-nail.

bena, iguana (galloping lizard).

bi:a, moon.

bibs (pibe), paper.

bildama, mussel (bivalve).

biligi, billy-can.

biy’gudara : wona biy’gudara, in the middle of the sea.

(2) ‘Outlines of a Grammar, Vocabulary, and Phraseology of
‘the aboriginal language of South Australia, spoken by the natives
in and for some distance around Adelaide.’’ C. G. Teichelmann
and C. W. Schiirmann. Adelaide, 1840.
B2

4

biria, warm: biria tjindo, the sun is warm.

budndu, bluebush (Cratystylis conocephala); the forms
bundera and burunda were also given.

bunjuru, saltbush (Atriplex Muelleri); the same word
was given for Trichiniwm incanum, a very different
plant.

derbin: tjindo derbin, the sun is setting.

dina (dins), dinner: dino mu:ra, “dinner camp,” 7.e.,
one of the small temporary camps near the town, as
distinguished from the large permanent camp.

djindidji, Myoporum brevipes (small shrub).

djidndjidn, given both for Helipterum floribundum and
Pholidia Weldu, plants very different in appearance,
so that it looks as if the native’s power of discrimina-
tion is not great as regards vegetation which is of no
practical use to him.

eldo (aldo), blood.

elgoda (jelgoda), three.

gadidi, tooth.

gadin, now: tjindo derbin gadin, the sun is going down
now. .

gambi, tired: tje:na gambi, (my) foot is tired.

gandan, chin.

gala gala, hot: manta gala gala, the sand is hot.

gi:lja (ki:lja), the commonest mallee near Murat Bay
(Hucalyptus inerassata, var. dumosa).

inka (inga, ingja), to give: ‘baka inka (paka ingjan), give
tobacco !

ja, yes; all right.

jadu, good: jadu nayga, a good man.

jagala, an island.

jaldil, calling.

jamba, far: jamba uldin, to come from afar ; jam’bardu,
far away ; jambula uldina, I come from a distance.

jana (jaya), I.

jangu, sleeping ; jangu nayga, the man is sleeping.

ja:ra, tooth.

ja:Tl, arm.

jilba, berry of Solanum hystrix.

jiray, foreign : jiray nayka wanga, a foreign language (not
Wirrung).

ju:gara, unmarried girl.

julbura, name of one of the tribes.

jumbara, a fly.

ju:ni, by-you (causative): ju:ni wayga wiruy, you talk
Wirrung.

ju: Ti,: an. ear.

kabi, water.

kaka, head: kaka kandi, a black head of hair; kaka
tjilbi, a grey (old man’s) head.

kalabudn, given as the name of a rockhole at Cape
Thevenard.

kalbi, a leaf.

kalda, the stumpy-tailed or sleeping lizard.

kandja, hair.

kanti, the thigh.

Kara, a soak, pool (?=“kala”’ in “kalabudn”. kara
minada was given as “Murat Bay,” and is probably
some spot in the neighbourhood.

karba (garba), house.

kari, just now(?): tjes1 da:ln kari uldin, the “Jessie
Darling” (steamer) is just coming in (to the jetty).
Schiirmann gives “kari” as meaning “‘gradually, by
and by” in Parnkalla.

karo, teatree (Velaleuca parviflora).

kola, fire.

ku:ba, whitefellow, European. Schtirmann gives “kupa”
as meaning “dead” in Parnkalla, so perhaps we have
here the same idea as is expressed in the Adelaide
language, namely, that the white men are “‘revenants”
—returned or reincarnated black men. ,

kuda, cannot: minjo wanji ‘kuda 'wangan, the little
girl (baby) can’t speak.

ku:kata, wild blacks of the northern deserts.

kulgu, upper arm.

ku:ma, one.

kumba, Solanum coactiliferum.

ku:nan, elbow.

kunbudn, Iestringia Dampiert (a small shrub).

kundada, to strike, kill: paru kundada yagu telga, I
would like to kill and eat a sheep.

kundruba, kunjuba, kun’juroba, all given as the real
native name of Koonibba [ku’nibe] Mission Station.

kurgadi, jump down!

ku:tara (gudara), two: ku:nan ku:tara, two elbows;
ku-tara mara, two hands.

nayka (nayga), man, blackfellow.

njinan, sitting, staying: yadu njinan, I will stay (by-me
staying).

nu:ni, thou: nu:ni winda, go thou! (imperative) ; nu: ni
win maldulu, you are going to-morrow.

nunjugu, your: nunjugu karba, your house.

nu:ri, you (plural).

ma, food.

madji, husband.

maga, not: ba’lardu maga jadu nanga, he is not a good
man.

maldulu, to-morrow: maldulu yaliy win, to-morrow we go.

malta, “wan,

malti, might.

maltiya ya:1, evening meal (supper).

mamara, given as meaning “‘any dog.”

mana, many, all: mana jumbara, many flies; mana
nayjga minga, all (those) men are ill.

maril, talk, words: wima maril, a lot of talk.

matn, wife, lubra.

me:l, eye: me:1 ‘gudara, two eyes.

me:ludu, blind.

merkaltji, Zygophyllum Billardieri.

mina garba, (many houses?) town.

mindola, one of the stars.

minja, little: minja wanji, a litle girl: minjula wilka,.
a young dog.

minjuru, cool, pleasant.

minka (minga), ill, sore: tje:na miyka (my) foot is
sore; yana minga, I am ill.

mi:na, Acacia notabilis. $

mula, nose.

mulkuda, finger.

muma, father.

mu nardu (mu’narda), big, very ; mu’narda ‘baba, a big
dog: mu’nardu biria waygan, very hot wind blow-
ing; mu’nardu wona, (big sea) Murat Bay.

mu:ra, blackfellows’ camp.

murguda, carpet snake.

naju (aja, yajugu) my: yajugu matn yadu jalail, T am
calling my wife (my lubra by-me calling): or, in
different order, yadu jaldil najugu matn.

nalin, we: jalidi maldulu yaliy win, to Adelaide to-
morrow we go.

nalara (naljara’, self: yatu waykan naljara, [ am talking
to myself (by-me talking self): jadu wi: ena
yalara me:l gunbu’gunburun, a fine woman she
imagines herself.

nana, me: nana la jaldil, are you calling me? nana
‘wadjil, I am sorry.

nandan, sore: pu:ra yandan, (my) knee is sore.

yandi, losing, lost.

yanta (yanda), bad: yanta nanga, a bad man. Mr.
Wiebusch pronounced this as yanéa, but I did not
hear the sound of [4] in any word of Wirrung. Of

‘

7

course, the pronunciation of t and d is dental
(nearly as in Spanish), and never alveolar or sub-
palatal, as in English. This seems to be the case in
all Austrahan languages.

‘qatu (nadu), by-me (causative case): ‘yadu ‘uldina
tji:kibi yu:ni, 1 come from Streaky Bay (by-me
coming oy Bay-from).

jarbuga, lhe down! (to a dog).

ynaru ‘kabi, water from the roots of mallee.

nu:ra, wurley.

O:a, yes.

pa:di, a grub.

paipi badjil, to smoke a pipe.

paka (baka), tobacco.

pani uldi, come here!

papa (baba), a young dog, pup. Mr. Wiebusch gave
me this word as ‘buba in ku: tara buba, two dogs.

paru, animal food, sheep. The only word in which I
heard the cacuminal +.

pingjeli, Alyria buxifolia (shrub).

pulali, young married woman.

pu’landi we:di, very wet.

pulgana, said to mean “a bi ig dog.”

pu:ni, horse (evidently from “English “pony’’).

pu:ra, knee.

ragol, given as “hill,” and ‘prunada ragol as “Cape
Thevenard.”’

talga, one of the stars.

ta:lin, tongue.

tata, berry.

tje:na, foot: kutara tje:na; two feet.

tje:nagara, native name of “Sambo Clark,” a blackfellow
of Murat.

tji:kibi, Streaky Bay (corruption of English name).

tyilbi, old man.

tjindo, the sun: tjindo boro'linga, the sun is at noon;
tjindo woriba, the sun is near noon; tjindo
kongura mayal, dinner time.

tre:n (English), train: tre:nda uldin, they came by the
train.

‘tu:di, the fore-arm.

tu:du, corroboree: tu:du kulgadi wingu, to sing in

corroboree.
tu:nu, snake.
u:la, boy.

uldin, coming ; uldi, come! uldiga, they are coming.:
‘wadjil, sorry.

8

wala, cross: wala mu‘nardu, very cross.

walba, wind: walba mu/nar du wongana wiljudu, a strong
wind blowing yesterday.

walbala, a stranger.

walbelbi, Vetragonia implexicoma (a climbing shrub).

waluyu, quick: waluyu uldi, come quick!

wanda (banda), a stone.

wanjerl, Vitraria Schreberi (a shrub with edible berries).

wanji, female: wanji njildi ulan, the (girl) baby cries.

Wanga (wonga), talking; (of dogs) barking : (of the wind)
blowing: nayka wanga, blackfellows’ talk; yadu
waygan wiruya, I speak Wirrung; kudu wayngari,
they talk all day; papa wanga, the dog barks.

wara, at once: yadu wara ‘uldin, I am coming at once.

warbal sae ees an old woman.

waru, kangaroo.

wi: 9 (wi:9), mother.

wi: ona (wiona), woman.

wilbara, probably means any kind of vehicle, from Eng-
lish ‘“‘wheelbarrow”’: wilbara uldin, the train is
coming ; minjo wilbara, a wheelbarrow.

wilbila, given as the equivalent of ku:ba: a white man.

wilelbi, pigface (Mesembryanthemum wquilaterale), also
given as wildalbi.

wilka, dog, domesticated dog.

wima, a lot, many: wima jumbora, many flies.

win, going: jana win (yadu win), I am going; winda, go!

wini, leg.

vira, sky, heaven; wira kabi, rain.

wiruy, the language of the natives near Denial Bay;
wiruy wanga, to speak Wirrung.

womboda, girl.

Wola; (sta. NARRINYERI.

This is well-trodden ground, the Narrinyeri language
having been investigated at different times by two mission-
aries,() one of whom (Mr. Taplin) had the advantage of
living for years as head of the Point Macleay Mission Station.
My ‘vocabulary, obtained in 1892 from a native called
Karammi, shows considerable dialectic variation from what
may be called ‘‘standard Narrinyeri, ” as established by Mr.

(S 5) “The Grammar é the language of he Narrinyeri Tribe
(and vocabulary) in ‘The Folklore, Manners, Customs, and

Languages of the South Australian Aborigines.’ ’’ Edited by
the late Rev. G. Taplin. Adelaide, 1879
“Vocabulary of the language spoken by the . . . tribes

in the vicinity of Encounter Bay, preceded by a grammar.’’

H. A. E. Mever. Adelaide, 1843.

3)

Taplin in his grammar and vocabulary and in various trans-
lations of Gospels and hymns for the use of the natives at the
mission. This is particularly noticeable as regards the term-
ination of the dual case, e.g., kwo:rnu, two men; ke:dlu,
two dogs, which in Taplin’s version would take the forms
“kornengk, kelengk.” One word given by Karammi is worthy
of note: pindosmewi, white man, because it is evidently
borrowed from the Adelaide language. ‘“‘Pindimeyu,”’ accord-
ing to Teichelmann’s vocabulary, is the word coined by the
Adelaide tribe to express a “European,” because he was sup-
posed to be a blackfellow (meyu) who had come back from
“pindi,” the “grave, cr habitation of souls before birth and
after death.’ Neither of these words occurs in Narrinyer1,
which in its general vocabulary is quite distinct from the
Adelaide language or any other of the great Tindo family.
Double consonants and distinctly long vowels are more
eommon in Narrinyeri than in the other two languages here
dealt with. The occurrence of the cacuminal 7 and of some
other sounds was overlooked by Mr. Taplin in his compilation.

jammelai, one.

ja:pi, wood.

jaroin, talking ; jikai jarnin ki'riykari kalt, he is talking
the English language.

jikab (ikab), [: jikab alj, I am here.

jikai (kai, kai), this one, he; ikai karnki, he (is) laughing.

jiulgi, saltwater, sea.

jituwi, billy can.

ju:ki (ju: kwi), boat.

yu: li, sea.

ka‘dje:ni, Port Ellot.

kaikwud, call; ke:dlar kaikwud, call the dogs!

fa Salli, at 1s hot.

kaldi, (kalt) language.

karndipi, the Bluff (Rosetta Head).

karnkin, laughing.

karnmeri, mullet.

ka:rti, island.

ka’rammi, the name of my informant at Port Elliot.

ka’rendi, a stick.

karrawi, earth.

ke:dli (ke:h), a dog.

ke:ni (ke: ni), fire.

kidnanju:li ke:dli, (that is) his dog.

. kinanji mo: kumin, he (is) smoking.

ki'rinkari, white man. Meyer says (p. 60) : —“Gringkari
(1) dead ; (2) Europeans (whom they imagine to have
previously existed as black men).”’

10

ki: '/kwi:uk, four.

koppi, tobacco.

koe'rinjedu, trousers.

kro:tin, black.

kulinjeri, hat.

ku'rank, the Coorong.

ku:tay, Goolwa

kwondarli, whale.

kwo:rni (‘ko:rni), man, blackfellow.

kwo: pi, nose.

maiji, the wind.

ma:mi, fish.

mayga, on: ter’ tauwin jituwi mayga ke:ni, put the billy
on the fire

marpuynl, tomahawk.

marti, stone.

mi:mini, woman.

mi:nji, what?: mi:nji ki, what is that?

mirendamin, smoking (tobacco).

mingel, within: ikai mingel pulgwu, he (is) in the house.

moe'rippin, cutting.

muykuli, lake.

nayai, my father.

nangi, the sun.

naykari (jankori), good.

narivjeri (narinjedi, yarinjeri), Narrinyeri.

nine: padar, three: ni ne: padar ke: dlar, three dogs.

ni ningwoku, two: ni’niygwoku ke:dlu, two dogs.

yadnanji (jananji), my: yadnanji ‘ke: dli, my dog.

nalln, coming: yai ja:rai, do come!

nalj, My son.

nanali, mother.

appl (na’yappi), I (nominative case).

na’ ‘rakki, duck (teal).

na'rauwi, big: ya’rauwi kworni, a big man.

nati, by me (causative case): yati, ya’ rakki taminjuil, I
have shot a teal (by-me teal shot).

natkali, thumb, big toe.

yawandi, wurley.

na: wari, boy, son: na: wind, boy! (vocative case).

ye:li, heart.

ninturayn, by you (causative).

nu :kwi (70:kwi); water.

nu'naijeri, a little girl.

yu:7li, a hill.

nuruwa, many: yuruwa kwo:rnar, many men.

pa:dnar, rain.

palderi, salt.

palpaygi, whitefellow.

palpi (palpalpi), white.

panari, umbrella, shade.

pindemewi, white men.

pingjali, given as meaning “horse,” but originally “emu,”
according to Meyer and Taplin.

pi:da, toe.

pi:dli (pi:li) eye; pi:lu, two eyes.

poltu, Victor Harbour.

po:rli, child.

pe:ri, waddy.

peevntin, coming.

pudambi, ear.

pulgwi, white man’s house.

purnu’ waipirar, coat.

puti, cat (English “pussy”’).

pu:tji, point, cape.

ra:ndi, widower.

raynkumin, barking: ke:dli te’raykcen, the dog barks.

ta:dlin, heavy. |

ta'lanla, tongue.

talgi, pipe.

taminjuin, shooting.

tay, where? tay ‘yanda, where are you?

tarukwi, leg.

tiru'walti ‘yu:kwar, the water is boiling.

tiru’wulan, it is raining.

ti’wi:wa, much.

tje:dh, arm.

toee:dni, hand, foot.

tee: ri, tooth.

tee: d'ningeri, boot.

tululi, it is blowing (wind).

tu:ni, sand, sandhill.

tungarar, language.

tu’padawi, cloud.

waljiri, sky.

waldi, hot.

wal’karndi, River Murray.

walkarndu’ana, River blackfellow.

waynjami, kangaroo.

waram, make: waram ke:ni, make a fire!

warna wu’rapart ju:k, I am going in the boat.

warti, foot.

wi jelapi, mullet.

wrstin, sick, al).

12

witkjer1, pigface (Mesembryanthemum aquilaterale ).
wi:tuy €: ywul, Pullen Island.

WONGAIDYA.

This small vocabulary was obtained about the year 1880
in Baroota from natives of the tribe which then wandered
through the country on both sides of the Flinders Range
from Crystal Brook northwards to beyond Port Augusta.
Even in those days it was a smali and degraded people, and
is now probably extinct or nearly so. Most of my vocabulary
has been lost, but enough remains to show that the language
was nearly allied to those of the Adelaide and Yorke Penin-
sula tribes, but with leanings in its vocabulary towards
Parnkalla and Wirrung.

barla (parla), woman.

barla'bapa (parla’ papa), girl.

bi:a, moon.

budlaina, two.

budh, star.

dindo, sun.

gudnju, white man.

jarta, land.

jeli, tongue.

jerdla, father. Given with this meaning, but probably

the same word as “yerdh, husband’’ (Parnkalla), and
“yerli, male’ (Adelaide).

jetta, day.

jiva, tooth.

ju:ku, boat.

jungwidja, giving.

jilevi;. ear.

kadh, dog.

kadnja, stone.

kadla, fire.

kakardi, head.

karu, blood.

kumarna, one.

ku:ya, boy.

kwi:ja, fish.

maygwina, three.

manja, cold.

mara, hand.

marna (moeerna), great, many.

milkapa, small.

mi:na, eye.

miru, man.

‘moerra, hair.

13

mudla, nose.

murubi, sand.

nai jeri, the sky.

nando, kangaroo: horse.

nanjato, bad.

nina, thou.

cey ga, mother.

pu:tji, cloud.

tadni, the sea; saltwater.

taga, mouth.

tartu, hill.

tidna, foot.

tikadja, sitting.

tin’daidja, dying.

tu:gida, good.

tu:ra, blackfellow; ba’ru:ta du:ra, a native of Baroota.
wanga gudja (woyga gudja), hearing.
way gaidja (woy'gaidja), speech, the. native language.
werli, house, wurley.

wiltja, night.

winda, spear.

wirra, mallee scrub.

wiri, club.

witta, tree.

wodna, boomerang.

wolda (walda), heat.

14

THE AUSTRALIAN ANT-GENUS MYRMECORHYNCHUS
(ERN. ANDRE) AND ITS POSITION IN THE SUB-
FAM!ILY CAMPONOTINAE.()

By Wiii1am Morton WHEELER.
(Communicated by Arthur M. Lea.)
[Read November 9, 1916.]

PLATE, a

Twenty years ago the late Ernest André founded the
genus Myrmecorhynchus for the reception of a singular Cam-
ponotine ant, J/. emeryi, which he described from a unique
worker, measuring 3 mm., taken in the Alps of Victoria.(?)
Two years later Emery) received a specimen of the same ant
from Mr. Tepper, of the Museum of South Australia, and
as it was larger than André’s specimen (4°55 mm.) and had a
broader head and traces of ocelli, he naturally concluded that
it was the major worker of the species of which André’s
specimen represented the minor. During December, 1914, I
found under a large stone on a roadside at Enoggera, near
Brisbane, Queensland, what I now know to have been a small
colony cf Myrmecorhynchus. It comprised only a few
workers, all of the same size as those reported by André and
Emery. Unfortunately I have not succeeded, since my
return to the United States, in finding the few specimens
which I secured. They were evidently mixed with and lost
among a great many specimens of /ridomyrmex, Melophorus,
and other genera bottled on what proved to be a very hasty
excursion. The authorities of the Museum of South Aus-
tralia, however, have recently sent me a series of workers
and Jarvae from a Myrmecorhynchus colony discovered by
Mr. H. B. White at Windsor, South Australia. These
workers are of three different types, ranging from 2°5 to
65 mm. The smallest, corresponding with André’s type
specimen, is, therefore, the worker minima, those measuring
4-4°5 mm. are mediae, and correspond with Emery’s speci-
men; while the maxima, hitherto unknown, has a much
larger and broader head, with more distinct ocelli. It seems
advisable, therefore, to describe and figure the different forms
and to rewrite the generic and specific diagnoses, in order
that Australian entomologists may more easily recognize this

(1) Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the
Bussey Institution, Harvard University, No. 120.

(2) Fourmis Nouvelles d’ Asie et. d’ Australie, Rev. d’Ent. 15,
1896, pp. 253 and 254.

(5) Descrizioni di Formiche nuove malesi e australasiane; note
Sinonimiche. Rend. Accad. Sc., Bologna, N.S. 2, 1898, p. 237,
figs. 9 and 10.

15

rare and evidently archaic ant, secure additional specimens,
especially of the unknown male and female, and investigate
its habits. ;

Genus MyrMecoruyncuus, Ern. André.

Worker.: Polymorphic, presenting distinct maxima,
media, and minima forms, differing especially in the size and
shape of the head. Worker maxima with the head large and
broad, with large elliptical, feebly-convex eyes, placed near
the middle of its sides but on the dorsal surface. Mandibles
triangular, very convex, with numerous, rather crowded,
acute teeth on the apical border. Palpi short ; maxillary pair
6-jointed, labial pair 4-jointed. Clypeus large, trapezoidal,
not extending back between the antennal insertions or frontal
carinae, with an anterior projecting, median lobe. . Frontal
area large, distinct, triangular. Frontal carinae short, nar-
row, diverging behind, not concealing the insertions of the
antennae, which are very near the posterior clypeal border
and the anterior ends of the frontal carinae. Frontal groove
distinct. Ocelli small, but well developed. Clypeal and
antennal foveae confluent. Antennae 12-jointed. Funiculi
gradually eniarged towards the tip, with the five terminal
joints forming an indistinct club. In the minima the head
is much narrower, the eyes more prominent and proportion-
ally larger and situated more on the sides of the head, the
clypeal lobe is much more projecting, the mandibles much
more elongate with straight lateral borders, less convex dorsal
surfaces, and more numerous teeth. The ocelli and frontal
groove are absent, the antennae more slender. The media is
intermediate in the shape of the head between the maxima
and minima, the frontal groove is feeble, and the ocelli are
_minute or indicated by pits. All three forms have the thorax,
petiole, and gaster of essentially the same shape. Thorax
rather small and narrow, scarcely longer than the head,
including the mandibles, with deep and rather long meso-
épinotal constriction, with distinct promesonotal suture and
the mesonotum bounded behind by a distinct suture separated
by a space from the anterior suture of the epinotum. In this
space, representing the metanotum, lie the metathoracic
spiracles, which are produced and distinctly tubular, especi-
ally in the media. Epinotum rounded and unarmed. Petiole
with well-developed, erect, bluntly rounded scale. Gaster
voluminous, its first segment smaller than the second and
third, which are subequal; the constrictions between the seg-
ments well marked. Anal orifice surrounded by a circlet of
cilia. Middle and hind tibiae with short but distinct spurs;
tarsi with well-developed, rather straight, simple claws. Pro-
ventriculus (fig. 2) small and very short, the bulb scarcely

16

longer than broad, feebly chitinized, the sepals of the calyx
more heavily chitinized, extremely short, turned outwards
but not reflected.

MyYRMECORHYNCHUS EMERYI, Ern. André.

Worker Maxima (fig. 1, a and 6). Length, 6-6°5 mm.

Head convex above, excluding the mandibles a little
broader than long, broader behind than in front, with straight
posterior border and feebly convex sides. Mandibles one-
third as long as the head, with convex outer borders and
dorsal surface, their inner borders with 8-9 acute teeth,
gradually decreasing in length towards the base. Clypeus
convex, strongly carinate, its anterior border produced in the
~middle as a distinct lobe, narrowly emarginate in the middle
and rather deeply sinuate on each side. Its posterior border
is straight and transverse in the middle. Frontal carinae
terminating behind opposite the middle of the eyes. Antennal
scapes curved, narrow and slightly flattened at the base,
thickened gradually towards their apices, which scarcely reach
to the posterior corners of the head. All the funicular joints
longer than broad; first joint equal to the two succeeding
joints together ; joints 2-5 subequal, 14 times as long as broad ;
remaining joints a little longer; terminal joint fully twice
as long as broad, nearly as long as the two preceding joints
together. Thorax through the mesonotum a little more than
half as broad as the head, broadest through the pronotum,
which is as long as broad including the rather long neck,
rounded above and higher than the epinotum. Mesonotum
transversely elliptical, convex, rounded, and sloping. Epi-
notum from above subrectangular, with parallel sides, longer
than broad; in profile higher than long, with distinct and
subequal base and declivity, the former horizontal, the latter
sloping and feebly concave below. Petiolar scale from above
transverse, twice as broad as long, in profile lower than the
epinotum, thick, as thick above as below, with straight,
flattened anterior and_ posterior surfaces and rounded
summit; its ventral portion convex, laterally compressed.
Gaster large, elliptical, convex above, its tip somewhat pointed.
Legs rather slender. Shining. Mandibles covered with
sparse, coarse punctures. Clypeus, head, and thorax sub-
opaque, coarsely shagreened ; sides of head more granular or
densely and finely punctate; the clypeus and anterior por-
_ tions of cheeks longitudinally rugose, the front divergently
rugulose. Upper-surface of thorax transversely, the sides
of pronotum, the mesopleurae and sides of epinotum vertically
rugulose. Petiole and gaster very finely and superficially
shagreened, shining, with small, sparse, piligerous punctures.

17

Hairs white, erect, moderately long, not very abundant,
rather uniformly inverting the body, scapes, and _ legs.
Pubescerice absent. Chestnut-brown; upper-surface of head
and epinotum darker; petiole above and gaster_ black;
mandibles brownish-yellow, with black teeth; dorsal surfaces
of scapes towards their tips blackish; legs with the middle
portions of the femora and flexor surfaces of the tibiae dark-
brown; extensor surfaces of the latter brownish-yellow.

Worker Media (fig. 1, ¢). Length, 4-4°5 mm.

Head smaller than that of the maxima, as long as broad,
with straight sides and more convex, laterally situated eyes,
the median lobe of the ciypeus more projecting, the mandibles
longer and less convex, with about the same number of teeth
as the maxima, the antennal scapes longer, more slender,
extending a little beyond the posterior corners of the head.
In other.respects like the maxima.

Worker Minima (fig. 1, d). Length, 2°5-3 mm.

Differing from the media in the shape of the head, which
is decidedly longer than broad, rounded behind, and has very
prominent eyes. The clypeus is longer, with longer anterior
lobe, and the mandibles are much longer and narrower, with
straight external borders and 10-11 teeth. The antennae are
very slender, with the scapes extending considerably beyond
the posterior border of the head. The head behind and the
dorsal portion of the thorax are much less sharply sculptured
than in the media and maxima, so that these regions are
smoother and more shining. In other respects the sculpture,
piosity, and colour are much as in the media and maxima.

Young Larva (fig. 4, a, 6, ¢). Body plump, .with dis-
tinct segments, constricted behind the prothoracic segment,
which is large and swollen. Head rather small, broad, and
rounded, covered with sparse, simple hairs, without antennae
and with short maxillae and labium furnished with the usual
truncated sense-papiilae. Mandibles small, flattened, falcate,
with long apical tooth and blunt denticles along the inner
border. Surface of body covered with flexuous, 2-, 3-, or 4-
branched hairs, except the ventral thoracic surface, which is
beset with simple, bristly hairs.

Adult Larva (fig. 4, d, e, f). Body much swollen, but
with distinct segments. Head extremely small. Hairs almost
lacking, except on the head and ventral surface of the
anterior segments, where the hairs are short, simple, and
bristly. The shape of this larva suggests that it does not
spin a cocoon but forms a naked pupa.

Described from six maxima, seven media, and three
minima workers and a dozen larvae taken from a single colony
at Windsor, South Australia, by Mr. H. B. White.

—
OO

The question of the position of J/yrmecorhynchus among
the various tribes and genera of the Camponotinae leads me
to a consideration of Forel’s most recent arrangement of this
subfamily in the sixth part of his “Formicides Néotro-
piques.”’(4) He divides the Camponotinae into three sections
—the Procamponotinae, the Mesocamponotinae, and the
Eucamponotinae—on the structure of the proventriculus, or
“oizzard.”’ In the first section, which contains only one genus,
the extraordinary Malayan J/yrmoteras, the gizzard has a
very short calyx, with widely diverging, heavily chitinized
sepals, strongly recurved at their tips. The Mesocamponotinae
have the calyx reflected and comprise three tribes—the
Melophorini genera NVotoncus and Melophorus), the
Plagiolepidini (genera Rhizomyrma, Plagiolepis, Acantholems,
Acropyga, and the Myrmelachistini (genera Myrmelachista,
Aphomomyrmex, Brachymyrmex, and the fossil -Rhopalo-

myrmer), The KEucamponotinae, which have the gizzard -

“straight or slightly curved, but never reflected,’’ embrace
five tribes—the Gesomyrmini (genera Gesomyrmexr and
Dimorphomyrmex), the Prenolepidini (genus Prenolepis),
the Formicini (genera Pseudolasius, Lasius, Formica,
Polyerqus, Myrmecocystus, and Cataglyphis), the Oecophyl-
lini (genera Gigantiops, Myrmecorhynchus, and Ocecophylla),
and the Camponotini (genera Camponotus, HEchinopla,
Polyrhachis, Dendromyrmex, Calomyrmex, and Omsthopsis).
While considerable portions of this classification are
undoubtedly well founded, there are at least two genera,
Myrmoteras and Myrmecorhynchus, whose interpretation and
position seems to me to be open to discussion. Forel believes
that Myrmoteras is an extremely ancient and primitive type,
a veritable ‘‘living fossil,’ which “‘shows that the Campono-
tinae must be directly derived from some primitive aberrant
Ponerine like Odontomachus, Stigmatomma, or Mystrium.”
He inclines to this view because the worker and female
Myrmoteras have a head remarkably like that of Odonto-
machus, with long, linear, toothed jaws, inserted close
together. It seems to me that he has reached this peculiar
conclusion through supposing that an ancient is necessarily
a primitive and ancestral form. Undoubtedly Myrmoteras
is a very old Mesozoic genus, but its two surviving species,
M. binghami, Forel, and M. donisthor per, Wheeler, are at
the same time extremely specialized, as shown by the wing-
venation and the structure of the head and legs. The re-
semblance to Odontomachus and similar Ponerine genera
(which are themselves highly specialized and by no means
ancestral forms) are due to convergent development, and’

(4) Mém. Soc. Ent., Belg., 20, 1912, pp. 87 to 92

19

indicate even less generic affinity to the Ponerinae as a
subfamily than is exhibited by many Eucamponotine genera.
It may, perhaps, be advisable to make a special Camponotine
section for the accommodation of the genus J/yrmoteras, but
to name this section ‘‘Procamponotinae’’ is, to say the least,
misleading. ®

André, from a study of his single minor worker, con-
eluded that Myrmecorhynchus “bears a certain resemblance
to the Oecophyllas, in the neighbourhood of which it should |
probably be placed.” Forel seems to have accepted this posi-
tion as established, since, as we have seen, he places the
genus, together with Gigantiops and Oeccophylla in the
Oecophyllini, his fourth tribe of Eucamponotinae, character-
ized by having “the gizzard long and narrow, with straight
calyx.” Such a gizzard is, of course, found in Oecophy/la and
Gigantiops, as shown in fig. 3, but the gizzard calyx of
Myrmecorhynchus, as I have endeavoured to show in fig.
is entirely different. There is, to be sure, as André main-
tained, a certain resemblance between Myrmecorhynchus and
Oecophylia in the shape of the head, particularly of the
mandibles and clypeus, and of the thorax; but this re-
semblance is apparent only in the worker minima of the
former genus. M. emeryi is, moreover, terrestrial, whereas
the species of Oecophylla and Gigantiops are arboreal. One
who had first seen the large workers of Myrmecorhynchus
would be inclined to place it near Camponotus, both on
account of the shape and structure of the head and of the
pronounced polymorphism of the worker. But the genera of
the tribe Camponotini also have a gizzard with long, narrow,
straight sepals, and the clypeal and antennary fossae are non-
confluent. One meets with no better success in endeavouring
to fit Myrmecorhynchus into other tribes in Forel’s scheme.
We are compelled, therefore, either to establish a new tribe,
Myrmorhynchini, in the section of Eucamponotinae, for its
reception, or to leave the position of the genus undecided till
the male and female of its single species have been discovered
and studied.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IT.

Fig. 1. Myrmecorhynchus emeryit, Ern. André. a, worker
maxima, lateral view; b, head of same, dorsal view; c, head of
worker media; d, head of worker minima.

Fig. 2. Myrmecorhynchus emeryi, Ern. André. Proventriculus
from the side.

Fig. 3. Ocecophylla smaragdina, Fabr. Proventriculus from
the side.

Fig. 4. Myrmecorhynchus emeryi, Ern. André. a, young
larva, lateral view; b and c¢, branched hairs of same; d, adult
larva; ¢, head of same, dorsal view; f, mandible of same.

BRUNSWICK BAY

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DOUBTFUL
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21

NOTES ON THE WORORRA TRIBE OF NORTH-WESTERN
AUSTRALIA.

By J. R. B. Love.

(Communicated by Professor Sir E. C. Stirling,
M:D.; F.R.S.)

[Read November 11, 1915.]
Map anv Puates II. to VIII.

LOCALITY.

The Wororra: occupy the country lying between the
Glenelg and Prince Regent Rivers and the sea, an area of
about 25 miles in width by about 60 miles at its greatest
length.

NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF THE TRIBE.

The tribe numbers probably about 300, and of these prob-
ably less than fifty are children under twelve years of age.
The men are of uncommonly fine physique, tall and handsome ;
but the majority of the women are rather undersized, and do
not compare favourably with the men in physique. It is
difficult to understand how it is that there are so few children
among such a vigorous and healthy people as are the Wororra.
Probably, however, the Wororra country carries as large a
population as it can support in its present condition. This,
with the fact that most of the married men are past middle
age, while a girl becomes married at about the age of ten
years, may possibly prevent the increase of the tribe.

MARRIAGE.

An infant girl is betrothed to a man of the eae and at
the age of puberty, or even earlier, she becomes his wife.
The result is that the older men have usually several wives,
two being a common number, some of the older men having
as many as four, while the young men have none.

RUMBURBB.

Two persons who stand to each other in such relationship
that intermarriage between them is forbidden are said to be
“rumburrb” to one another. A man becomes rumburrb to his
mother-in-law. This relationship is most frequent between
man and woman, but it also exists between man and man, and
woman and woman. Either of such parties must not look
at, speak to, nor mention the name of the other. On
several occasions when I have inquired the name of a woman

22

from some man he has told another man to give it to me,
and I have found that the first man is rumburrb to the
woman under discussion.

GESTURES DENOTING RELATIONSHIP.

I have not sufficient knowledge of the tribe to describe
in detail the system of relationship, but a feature worth
noting is that each relationship has its corresponding gesture;
é.g., a man mentioning the name of another and then bending
up one arm so as to touch his shoulder with his finger-tips
implies that the other man is his ‘‘erraia,’’ or tribal (not
necessarily actual) father. Similarly a man holding the
nipple of his breast between finger and thumb, and referring
to a woman, implies that the woman is his ‘‘karrunya,’’ or
actual mother; while the woman performing the same gesture
implies that the man mentioned is her ‘‘ebunnung,”’’ or actual
son. In the same fashion there exist a great many gestures
each implying special relationships.

GESTURE LANGUAGE..

Apart from the gestures denoting relationships the
Wororra have not developed a system of these signs to the
extent that occurs in some of the Central Australian tribes,
in which the use of gestures has attained the level of a sign
language. The Wororra, however, have signs for a great
many animals and birds, and, in many cases, a different gesture
for the male and female of a species.

MAINTENANCE OF AUTHORITY.

In cases of wrongdoing, or of settling such matters as
attendance at a corroboree, the authority of decision rests
usually, with the assembly of old men.

I have not ascertained the existence, or non-existence, of
one definite leader in the tribal councils, but as far as I have
been able to judge influence seemed to be equally divided
between the oldest man of the tribe and another elderly man,
who, though not at all a powerful man physically, yet
‘commanded great respect in the tribe.

The young men abide by the decision of the elders, and
though they not infrequently grumble among themselves and
make disrespectful statements concerning the elders, they
unhesitatingly obey. A common expression among grumbling
young men is that the old men are “‘nuru’’ (stinking).

RESPONSIBILITY OF RELATIVES.

The law of common responsibility among certain relatives
for the offences of one of their number obtains. On one

23

occasion a youth was accused of an intrigue with one of his
father’s wives. As the guilty youth was absent from the
main camp, the council of old men decided to kill his tribal
brother for the offence. The condemned youth prepared to
defend himself and, armed with spears and spear-thrower,
was confronting several similarly-armed old men when I
intervened. Had I not done so I have no doubt he would
have been killed. Eventually, after an absence of some weeks,
the real offender arrived at the camp. By this time the anger:
of the old men had cooled and a mere battle of words resulted.

DEFENCE OF MARITAL RIGHTS.

- More usually in such a case the settlement of the quarrel
lies with the injured husband and the offending person.
Several such quarrels which I witnessed were fought out
between the two men primarily concerned. Each combatant
was armed only with the club (“‘diama’’) and the large shield
“Gweenu’’), used only for this purpose of hand-to-hand
fighting. None of the combats ended fatally, though both
parties suffered severely from blows on the head. In each
case the husband, who was much the older man, had dis-
tinctly the advantage in the fight, and concluded the episode ~
_by soundly thrashing the erring woman.

During these quarrels the partisans of either side—
apparently old men versus young men—took their spears and
spear-throwers in hand and stood about watching the fight,
but did not attempt to interfere.

WEAPONS, [MPLEMENTS, AND UTENSILS.

The Wororra appear to be a very primitive tribe, to
judge from the paucity of manufactured implements in use;
these, with the exception of the spear and spear-thrower, are
very few and crudely fashioned.

The “‘lembulya,’’ or stone tomahawk (fig. 1), is made
from a piece of basalt, very roughly ground to an edge, and
inserted in a bent or cloven stick handle in the usual fashion.

No manufactured knife is used. The ‘‘mardi,’’ or stone
knife, is merely a natural flake of stone, to which no handle
is attached.

A hole is bored in such an implement as a spear-thrower
or a bull-roarer simply with a sharp point of a stone.

To sharpen a stick the stick is ground to a point on a
rough stone.

_ The club is of two kinds: the “dia,”’ or small club used for
administering the final blow to a wounded kangaroo, and the
“diama,’’ or large club (fig. 2) used in hand-to-hand fighting.

= A

Fig 1
Lembulya.

-<fisgars 01
Fig 4.
| Fig 3. Yungultya.
Iweenhu.
Fige)2:
Diama. Fig. 5
Chenalli.

Fig 6,
Conipleted Fig. 10.
Stone Spear-bead. Sonido ead
for Making String.

Figage,

Method of Fixing Spear-head to Shaft.

Fig. 9
Ungum.

25

Both are of similar construction: a short piece of hard wood
of uniform thickness having a few rough transverse scratches
at one end to give a hand-grip.

With the diama, in personal combat, is used the
‘Gweenu,’’ or shield (fig. 3). This is a symmetrical and hand-
some weapon of a long oval shape, about 3 feet 6 inches in
length by 6 inches in greatest width. It is convex, front and
back, the latter being deeply incised to leave a handle, and is
uniformly coloured with red ochre.

For firemaking two sticks known as “‘leeruk’’ are used
in the drill method. :

The “yungultya,’ or spear-thrower (fig. 4), is a well-
made implement of long form, with a notch on either side of
the wider end for finger-grip.

The spear is of two kinds. The “‘chowilia,” or fish spear,
is simply a sharpened stick of about 12 feet in length, used
for fishing, or in a larger and heavier form for turtle and
dugong hunting. The point is only the sharpened end
without barb or addition of any kind.

The ‘‘chenalli,’’ or spear used for kangaroos and other
large game (fig. 5 and pl. iu., fig. 0), is the finest weapon
the Wororra possess. It is made in three sections, the
“kayoolga,”’ or reed tail half of the shaft; the “wulooya,”
or hardwood fore-end; and the stone head. There is no one
name for spearhead, the designation depending on the kind
of stone from which the spearhead is made; for example,
“gaymbum,”’ quartzite; “wiumingaia,’’ basalt; “unjallulu,”
a translucent white stone; and ‘‘tambuna,’’ ribbon-stone;
also a curious red stone known as ‘‘wianu,’’ or fire.

bd

MetuHop or MakinG SPEARHEADS.

The Wororra man when travelling always keeps his eyes
open for conveniently-sized bits of stone, which he will take
and use in making spearheads at his leisure. A suitable piece
is held in one hand, and with a stone held in the other
hand it 1s roughly knocked into a shape approaching the
finished design. After this first stage three special implements
are used, a roughly-pointed stick known as ‘“‘kurrinjulp,’’
then the ulna of a kangaroo, and finally a small bone of a
kangaroo. In the second and two succeeding stages of manu-
facture the spearhead is held obliquely and on edge upon a
piece of paper-bark placed on a large stone. With the
kurrinjulp flakes are now broken away from the edges of the
spearhead by pressure. As the spearhead begins to assume
the desired shape the ‘‘choormba,’’ or ulna of kangaroo,
replaces the kurrinjulp, until the stone is worked into the
final leaf shape, when the small kangaroo bone is used for

26

chipping out the serrations along the edges of the spearhead,
completing its manufacture (fic. 6).

During the process of flaking off the edges of the spear-
head the bone implements are frequently whetted to a point
upon the side of the anvil stone. The entire process of
making a spearhead takes about half an hour. Each spear-
head can only be thrown once, as the point is broken very
easily, consequently spearhead-making is the most constant
employment of the men.

To fix the spearhead to the shaft a notch is cut in the
end of the wulooya, or fore piece of the shaft, by means of
a sharp stone (fig. 7). In this notch is inserted the butt of
the stone head, and immediately below the notch the wulooya
is bound with kangaroo sinew to prevent its splitting. The
spearhead is finally cemented to the shaft with what looks
like porcupine grass resin, though the men informed me that
it was obtained from some rocks.

They do not appear to understand the process of obtain-
ing gum from porcupine grass, and perhaps find natural
exudations of the resin.

WoMEN’S IMPLEMENTS.

cc >)

The women’s implements are the ‘“‘wondoon,’’ or digging-
stick, merely a sharpened stick; the ‘‘worowa,’’ or bark
bucket (fig. 8); and the “‘ungum,’’ or bark dish (fig. 9).

The worowa is made of two pieces of bark, a circular piece
for the bottom and a rectangular piece, which, bent into a
cylinder, forms the sides. The junctions are sewn with grass,
and the seams well caulked with gum. A handle composed of
several string strands is attached, and the bucket is used for
carrying water.

The “ungum”’ (fig. 9) is a shallow, trough-hke vessel, con-
structed from a rectangular sheet of bark. The two ends are
pinched up, bound with string, and caulked with resin, so
as to form a canoe-shaped dish.

The worowa and ungum are made by women only.

The ‘‘norgu,’’ or grinding stone is a naturally formed
stone of about the size of a man’s fist, used in pounding up
seeds for food.

STRINGMAKING.

String is made by the women only, and is of three kinds—
“irrkulya,” or vegetable fibre string; ““choogoonya,” or fur
string ; and ‘‘wonulla,” or human hair string.

‘“Trrkulya’’ is made from the inner bark of several species
of Kucalyptus, or from that of the baobab tree. The
bark is cut into lengths of about a foot, beaten soft with

27

a stone, and several fibres are pulled apart witl» the fingers.
Then two strands are rolled on the thigh till each is twisted’
tightly, when, by letting the strands meet, they twist one
about the other, and so a two-ply string is made, fresh fibres
being continually added to each strand.

In making hair, or fur, string the spindle (fig. 10) is used.
This consists of a slender stick of about 1 foot in length,
passed transversely through a flat, oval-shaped piece of wood
about 4 inches in length. The hair or fur is beaten till it
becomes a well-tangled mass, and then with the fingers a length
of a few inches is twisted out of the mass. The end of the freed
length is fastened to the spindle, leaving the other end con-
nected with the mass of tangled fur. Now the spindle is rotated
between one hand and thigh and the twisting of the string, so
caused, automatically twists out a further length of string from
the mass of fur. The run of fur from the mass to the twisting
string is regulated by the fingers of the free hand, and as
the length grows the one-ply string thus made is wound about
the crosspiece of the spindle.

DRESs.

There are distinctive forms of dress for man, woman, and
child. An adult of either sex wears a belt either of kangaroo
fur or a very thick belt (‘“‘wudbin’’) (fig. 11) composed of a
core of bark, bound round with hair string, the belt being
14 inches in diameter. It is worn not round the waist
but about the hips (pl. iv., fig. 6). The woman’s dress consists
of a pubic tassel of kangaroo fur, the tassel being about
5 inches in length. Only the fur of the female kangaroo is
used in stringmaking, as it is softer and better adapted to
spinning than the fur of the male.

The man frequently wears no addition to the belt, but if
such is worn it consists of an oval piece of pearl shell attached
to the belt, either in front or behind. This shell, known
as “‘chogula” (fig. 12), is frequently plain, but may be
ornamented with a few rough scratchings, representing the
body scars, or, may be, outlines of fish.

The child’s dress is a thin belt of kangaroo fur with a
little, bunched, pubic tassel of wallaby fur (fig. 13).

Necklaces of two kinds occur. A rather closely-fitting
band, consisting of several parallel strands of fibre string,
coated with ochre, and fastened at the back of the neck, is
worn by women only.

The ‘‘wongara,’’ or necklet of human hair string, with
an oval pendant of pear! shell, is worn by either sex, the shell
pendant dangling down the back. A rather uncommon form

KS \\I UP AN)
SS 1, "fi \\

Child’s Belt with Tassel

Fig, 15,
Chogula,

Chogula
Worn as Pendants to Necklet.

Fig. 17
| ae Chogula
Be bay Mode of Wearing the Hair Worn as Forehead Ornaments.
3 (Male).

29

of ‘‘wongara’’ consists of a necklet of kangaroo fur string with
a pendant made of part of a dog’s tail (fig. 14).

Frequently the pendant consists of two pieces of shell
attached to the end of the necklet (figs. 15 and 16), these two
pieces rattling as the wearer walks. These oval shell pendants,
known also as chogula, are usually ornamented by several
parallel transverse scratches on the bright surface of the shell.

Two similarly-shaped chogula are worn on the forehead,
being inserted beneath a forehead band of string (fig. 17).

The nasal septum is frequently, but not always, pierced,
and in the hole a short piece of reed, or the furry stalk of a
Banksia inflorescence, may be worn in the nose.

HAIRDRESSING.

The hair of the women is cut short. The man parts the
locks at the back of his head, places a pad of grass against
his head, then draws the hair at full length over the
pad, and binds it into position with string, thus form-
ing an upwardly-slanting cone of hair, entirely covering
the central pad. Into the apex of the cone a plume of emu
feathers, or of split white cockatoo’s feathers, is inserted
(fig. 18).

The tips of the moustache are frequently decorated with
tufts of white feathers or of the yellow crest feathers of the
sulphur-crested cockatoo, fastened to the ends of the
moustache with the wax of native bees (fig. 18).

The beard is occasionally decorated by the addition of
two tufts of emu feathers, the beard being artificially parted,
or naturally growing, in two divisions (fig. 18).

TEETH.

The Wororra on the whole have not good teeth, which
is perhaps due to the fact that they are principally vegetarian.
The custom of knocking out certain teeth is not practised
in. this tribe.

CIRCUMCISION.

This operation is performed upon the boys at the age of
puberty. Subincision is not practised, nor is there any
corresponding mutilation of the girls.

Bopy ScaRs.

A very elaborate system of scarring the body occurs (see
plintv.; fig. a; pls. vi. and vii.).

CHILDREN OF ONE MOTHER BEAR ONE NAME.

In many cases that came under my notice all the children
of one mother bore the same name. J am unable to say whether

30

this is universal in the tribe, but it proved to be the case in
such instances as I could investigate.

For instance, two men bore the name of Winya-
willi. On enquiry I found that they were of one
mother. In such cases the two are distinguished by the
addition of the word “elder” or “little.’ Thus the elder
brother was “Winyawilli iwongera’”’ (7.e., Winyawilli the
Elder), while the younger brother was known as “Winya-
willi pedeen” (vz.e., Little Winyawilli). In at least
two cases the younger brother, named ‘“pedeen,’” or
little, was a very big man. A brother and sister were named
Munjulba and Munjulbin respectively, ‘‘in’’ being a femi-
nine termination. Should there be more than two children
of one mother, each has its distinctive appellation added to
the common name, the youngest being known as ‘‘iwoondu,”’
or the kidney.

Foon.

The food of the Wororra consists principally of roots,
the food varying with the seasons; indeed, changing almost
every month. A fair number of fish are speared, also kan-
garoos, the euro abounding in the hills and the red kangaroo on
the flats of the Glenelg River banks, as well as rock and
plain wallabies, an occasional emu, and more rarely a native
turkey or other bird.

The Wororra have no boomerangs (though these are
now being introduced by King Sound men, who occasionally
visit Port George IV. since the advent of the mission there).
Their only missile weapon is the spear.

DIVISION OF Foop.

A fish or kangaroo is brought in to the camp and shared
by all present, if large enough. If too small to be thus divided,
it is distributed amongst the troup of relatives to which the
hunter belongs. The camps are divided into small parties
of relatives, the old men forming groups amongst themselves,
and the young men apparently falling into two main camps.
Each of these parties again is subdivided into smaller groups,
each consisting, in the case of the old men, of a man and his
wives; in the case of the young men, of several friends (or
it may be relatives).

CookIne A KANGAROO.

When a kangaroo is brought into the camp, the fur, if
the kangaroo be a female, is plucked and given to one of
the women for string making. The kangaroo is now divided
into several parts. The fat, if any, is appropriated by the

hunter: some of the tail sinews are drawn out and twisted

ol

round a stick, or round a lock of hair on the head of the
man who may wish to keep some of them for future use; the
entrails are emptied and eaten; the tail is usually roasted
on the coals and eaten immediately; the large joints are
cooked in a stone oven, and after some hours, or a whole
night, are taken out and shared by all. The ulna and fibula
are preserved for making stone spearheads; the other bones
are crushed with the norgu and the marrow extracted.

CooKING AND SHARING A FISH.

A fish is roasted on the coals, without being scaled or gutted.
The one who has speared the fish sits down and eats what he
wants, then rises and walks away. His next friend now sits
by the remnants of the fish, and, after eating his share, makes
way for another; and so on, until it is consumed. Each
successive partaker of the fish leaves a proportionately smaller
share for the next one, and anxious eyes watch its gradual
disappearance. Frequently some of the watchers are dis-
appointed, as the fish fails to last till their turn, but I have
not seen anything in the nature of a rush for a share, though
fights occur when one person considers his claim has been
overlooked.

HONEY.

In addition to game and fish a very considerable amount
of the honey of native bees is obtained. The little “‘sugar-
bag fly,’’ familiar throughout Northern Australia, is very
numerous in this country. Known to the Wororra as
“nyineeng,’’ their hives are very frequently found in the
hollow boughs of the stunted bloodwoods, and usually yield
about half a pint of delicious honey. Honey, wax, pollen,
and young bees are all eaten by the Wororra, with the
exception of such wax’ as may be wanted for caulking an
ungum, or used in sticking feathers to the moustache and
beard.

A large form of native bee also occurs, known as “‘Jan-
unga.’’ This bee makes about three times the quantity of
honey that is stored by the little ‘‘sugar-bag.”’

OTHER Foops.

Several kinds of edible berries are found at different
seasons of the year, and in picking them the Wororra are
very careful not to injure the tree.

Clams, periwinkles, shells, crabs, and a very fine large
rock oyster are obtained on the visits to the coast, but the
main food supply is the crop of native roots, varying with
each month.

32

Roovt-GATHERING.

The gathering of the roots is chiefly the work of the
women. They leave camp early each morning, each carrying
her ungum and wondoon. They return usually in mid-
afternoon, when the wives go to their respective husbands and
cook and share the food gathered. If the root crop is abund-
ant the single young men will probably get a share from their
women friends, otherwise they must get their own food.
It by no means follows that the Wororra woman must yield
all her food to her husband—much depends on _ the
husband—and most of the Wororra men thrash their
wives occasionally. Yet it is not uncommon for a
Wororra woman to refuse to give her husband any, or much,
food, and I have seen an old man who had three wives (an
old woman and two young girls) howling lustily because his
wives would not give him any supper.

The finest of the roots is a kind of yam, known as
‘“‘karja.’’ This is in season in March, and is the root of a
climbing vine. The root is about the size and shape of a man’s
arm. It is soft and milky when raw, but when baked in the
ashes it becomes floury lke a potato, and is excellent eating.
The “‘kunbian’’ is a potato-hke root, also excellent. Some
of the roots are very woody, some very hot to the taste, and
the most attractive looking of all (a brown potato-like root,
shaped like a Brazil nut) is very bitter.

The women will frequently make a several days’ expedi-
tion away from the main camp, gathering and cooking roots
as they go. Finally they return to camp with several days’
supply, when all lie idle till the food is consumed.

LANDSMEN AND SEAMEN.

The greater number of the Wororra are inlanders, living
chiefly in the mountains between the Glenelg and Prince
Regent Rivers and the sea. In’the mountain gullies they
get most of their root food, and occasionally they descend to
the Glenelg Valley for a diet of kangaroo or freshwater fish,
or again they will visit the coast for a diet of sea fish, shell-
fish, and crabs.

A branch of the Wororra, however, are seamen. Their
headquarters is Augustus Island. These men live principally
on fish, turtle, and dugong, travelling from island to island
and along the coast from the mouth of the Glenelg to the
mouth of the Prince Regent River. They speak Wororra,
frequently meet their Wororra, land-dwelling relatives, and
apparently are entirely Wororra, except for their choice of
a sea life. They are of special interest as being the most
- northerly tribe to use the double-raft, or “kahlua,” as it is

33

called in Wororra (pl. v., fig. 0). The use of the kahlua
extends from King Sound to the mouth of the Prince Regent
River. The Wunambullu tribe, who live on the north side of
the Prince Regent, use a dug-out canoe, known as the
, “palumbi.”’

CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE KAHLUA.

The kahlua itself consists of two rafts made of tapering
poles, each of which is about 6 feet in length by as many inches
at its greatest diameter. These two rafts are placed one-half
over the other, end to end, the narrower ends being towards
the centre and the larger raft underneath. In some cases the
lower raft consisted of nine poles and the upper of seven, but
I have not counted these often enough to say whether the
number is constant.

The poles are nailed together, one-to-one, by means of
wooden pegs. A number of hard, pointed sticks of 8 or 9
inches in length are split longitudinally, to facilitate their
passing through the poles. These hard pegs are now driven
through one pole into the next by means of a stone used as
a hammer. No holes are bored; the poles are simply nailed
together. |

Into the near end of the upper surface of the top raft,
which is also the back raft, are usually hammered a number
of vertical pegs, making a little enclosure in which speared
fish and small articles can be placed.

When not in use the kahlua is either anchored, or drawn
up above high-water mark. The two rafts are not fastened
together, but only superimposed one upon the other. To place
them beyond the reach of the tide each half is dragged
separately out of the water. In anchoring the kahlua the
turtle spear is used. This is driven vertically between two
of the poles into the mud of the sea-bed, and as the tide flows
and ebbs the kahlua rises and falls, slipping up and down
the shaft of the spear.

One or two, not usually more, persons use the kahlua,
each using a _ single short paddle, known as_ the
“kahlumbun,’’ of about 4 feet in length. This is dipped
on alternate sides, but in the case of two paddlers, both dip on
the one side at the same time, with a very graceful stroke.
The person seated on the kahlua is, of course, constantly
being wetted, as the sea laps up between the poles, but except
in a “‘willy-willy’’ violent enough to break the poles apart,
the kahlua is unsinkable and the safest craft imaginable.

Buriat Customs.
A child is not allowed to see a corpse, nor take part in
any of the rites subsequent to the death of a member of the
ce

34

tribe. When a death occurs the children sit in a camp
apart.

When a very young child dies the body is buried, placed
on its side in a recumbent attitude, and a single oblong
layer of stones 1s placed on the grave.

When a woman dies the body is surrounded by all the
adults. The fleshy parts of the body are cut off and eaten
raw by all the adults present. The large bones are cracked
and the marrow eaten; the head is left intact. The remnants
of the body are placed in the earth, the trunk lying on its
side, and covered with stones.

When a man or boy dies the body is laid at full length
on its back. The big toes are tied together with bark-fibre
string. The hands are placed together on the breast, and
the thumbs similarly tied. The body is now surrounded with
a circle of stones. The women sit round in a circle and wail

over the dead man throughout the might following upon the

death, the men joining in “the mourning.

Next day the body is placed upon a platform of boughs
in a tree and so left until the flesh has decayed and the
bones are clean. The bones are now taken down and wrapped
in a sheet of paper-bark. An old man takes charge of them
and carries them from camp to camp, according to the
movements of his party in quest of food. At each new moon
the bones are produced, and all the people again mourn the
death. A long-drawn wailing is commenced at sundown by
one of the old women, and gradually taken up by all present,
the lamentation continuing throughout the night. Tears
flow down the cheeks of the mourners, and a good deal of
genuine emotion is manifested.

After the third new moon the bones are taken to a cave
among the hills of the Whately Range, on the south side of
the Glenelg River (pl. viu., figs. a and 0). The cave is named
“Woorrwai’’ or “Arnu,” the latter word meaning the tail of an
alligator, and the alligator is connected in some way with this
cave (v. infra).

Here the bones, still wrapped in the sheet of paper-bark,
and often, though not always, coated with red ochre, are cast
on the heap of bones in the centre of the cave. A few flat
stones may now be thrown on them, when all care for
them ceases. A skull or leg bone may at times roll from the
heap to the floor of the cave; if so, it lies there unnoticed,
and bones are scattered promiscuously about the entrance to
the cave. :

The children may visit this cave, and are aware of its
locality and what it contains.

35

At present the remains of a man, father of ‘‘Kodji-
Kodjalla,” who was killed by lightning, hes on the platform
of boughs, awaiting the time when his bones shall be bleached.

The Ngarrinyind and Woonumbulla tribes treat their
dead in a similar way, except that their bones are finally
buried in an ant hill, where they are destroyed by the white
ants.

FEAR OF THE NGARRINYIND.

When a man is killed by an enemy the slayer flees to a
remote district of his own tribe to escape retributive justice.
The fear of the Wororra is that he will be speared by a
Ngarrinyind when out hunting alone, and, in fact, in each
recently reported case of death by violence, except that of
Kodji-Kodjalla’s father just mentioned, it was alleged that
he was speared by a man of this tribe.

CavE PAINTINGS.

The most striking feature of this cave at Arnu is the
collection of rock paintings it contains. The cave is
merely a long, sheltered depression beneath a ledge of rock.
It is about 30 feet in width, 6 feet in depth, with a deeper
niche in the centre where the bones are cast, and about 6 feet
in height. The overhanging ledge is about 30 feet in length
by about 6 feet in width. It is almost entirely covered by a
large painting of an alligator, very strikingly outlined in red
and yellow ochre and charcoal, the body being blocked in
with paint made from white clay. On the wall of the cave is
a second, smaller painting of an alligator, similar in design.
This latter was executed by one of the men _ who
accompanied me to the cave. All the other paintings, I was
told, have been there for many years, and it would seem as if
only at long intervals one man adds a painting to the
collection.

Other paintings on the walls represent two kangaroos,
in side view, but with both eyes shown on the one side of the
head; several figures unintelligible to me; various kinds of
edible roots, and three paintings of a human form, concerning
which see ‘‘Religious Beliefs.’’

On a ledge in the cave were several polished stones of
more or less oval shape, and about the size of a man’s fist,
with one large, flat, curved stone of about. a foot in length.
I picked up one of the smaller stones, and immediately noticed
that the two men who were with me at the time became
embarrassed and looked displeased. Replacing the stone,
I asked what it was. After some hesitation I. was told that
the smaller stones represented the kidneys of an alligator,
while the large, curved stone represented the alligator’s
jawbone.

c2

36

While we were walking to this cave one of my com-
panions made a detour to avoid a pool of the Glenelg River
while the other beckoned me to walk very quietly, crept up,
and looked over the bank. Nothing, however, was visible in
the water, and when we were some distance away he whis-
pered, ““The alligator lives here.’’ He did not, however,
mean an actual, living alligator, as that is regarded as a
very ordinary animal.

The small Johnsonian crocodile abounds in the large
fresh waters. The large crocodile, commonly called “alli-
gator,’’ inhabits the tidal waters of the Glenelg, and when
we were crossing this river one of these animals plunged into
the water just ahead of us. My two companions started
momentarily, then went on quite unconcerned, from which I
inferred that Arnu was regarded as the residence of some kind
of alligator spirit, honoured by the paintings and stones in
the cave.

There are two other caves in the Wororra country in
which there are rock paintings. One of these is at Naian-
gunnin, a peninsula of land inhabited by the Wororra, and
lying on the north side of the mouth of the Prince Regent
River. This cave is reached from the Wororra mainland by
the kahlua, and contains paintings of ‘‘Wallangunda,’’ a
supernatural being who lives in the sky.

HAND AND Foot STENCILLING.

The third cave with rock paintings is in a cliff at the head
of Port George IV. In this cave there are only the stencilled
outlines of hands and feet. On one occasion when a party of
Ngarrinyind men came in to the Port George IV. Mission
Station—Wororra country which they had not previously
visited—I found the newcomers leaving the imprints of their
hands upon the walls of this cave. The mouth was filled with
white clay, the clay worked into a paste with saliva, then
squirted from the lips over the hand placed against the rock.
When the hand was removed its outline appeared in the
natural colour of the rock.

Sir GEorRGE GREY CAVE.

When I questioned the Wororra men as to the cave
reported by Sir George Grey, near the upper falls of the
Glenelg River, they replied that that was Ngarrinyind coun-
try, to which they had never been, and did not know what
was there.

Asked whether the Ngarrinyind men placed their men’s
bones in a cave, the Wororra replied that the Ngarrinyind
and Wunambullu tribes, who live beyond the Glenelg and

37

Prince Regent Rivers respectively, went through the same
rites after death as the Wororra, except that they finally
placed the men’s bones in an ant hill. ;

ReELIGIOUS RELIEFS OF THE WORORRA.

The Wororra believe in an invisible, benevolent, and
creating god.

The Human Pictures.—I asked my companions at the
Arnu cave for the significance of its human paintings.
These were of the design that occurs throughout Kim-
berley—a face with no mouth, the hair represented as a
halo with dotted rays at intervals, no beard, and vertical
lines on the breast. The cave at Arnu has three of these
figures, each painted in a horizontal position.

Wonjuna.—tI was told that these were pictures of the
Wonjuna, who was also named Ingoori (I think this is
probably a descriptive name, ‘‘Wonjuna’’ being the proper
name.) Wonjuna lives in the water. He makes the rain, and
the vertical lines on his breast represent the falling drops. He
is good.

No JMouth—When I asked why he had no mouth, my
two companions looked puzzled, and at last one said slowly,
“T amunt kahri. I wiuk kahri’” (“He has no mouth; he has
no teeth’’). More they could not say.

Wororra Original Inhabitants.—When I asked who
painted these pictures I was told that they had been there
for many years, before the present men were born. They do not
know who painted them; but they maintain that the Wororra
have always occupied their present land, and have not been
preceded by any other people.

Around the lower part of one of the drawings were a
great many paintings of little faces. These were pic-
tures of ‘““cherenji,’’ little men who lve with Wonjuna in
the water. Now cherenji is a peculiar lizard-like fish that
lives in the north-western tidal waters.) It rarely swims, but
jumps from stone to stone, and root to root, among the man-
groves. Its curious look and habits have doubtless given rise
to a legend associating it with Wonjuna.

Wonjuna is a local deity. He lives in all the waters
from the Glenelg to Port George IV., but he does not live
at Naiangunnin. The god there is Wallangunda or Ngajaia,
and his portrait has been painted in the cave there by a man
now living among the Wororra.

Mount Trevor or Nyungarndawn.—Wonjuna has an
interesting connection with the a aoe on the wv estern

(1) A species a Peephihdin ws.

38

Australian maps as Mount Trevor which Surveyor Brockman
marked with a cairn in 1900. One of my companions on
the occasion of the visit to Arnu had seen the tracks of
Brockman’s horses, had followed them up, and had finally seen
the white men and the horses. Being frightened, he and
his companions ran away.

I was anxious to identify Mount Trevor, and so asked
my friends if they knew the hill where the white men had
put up a pile of stones. No; they knew nothing of it. I chose
the hill I thought to be Mount Trevor, but no cairn was visible
from its base, so we climbed to the summit. As we climbed
I learned that the hill is known to the Wororra is ‘‘Nyun-
garndawn.’’ Once upon a time Wonjuna was annoyed by some
kind of a stinging fly. Picking up a stone, he threw it at the
fly. The stone fell where it remains to this day as Mount
Trevor, or Nyungarndawn. When we reached the summit we
found Surveyor Brockman’s cairn, and on seeing it Wan-
doonmoi exclaimed, ‘““Wonjuna made that!” He seemed rather
hurt when told that the white men had made it.

A creek in this country is named ‘‘Mulgeen.’’ Mulgeen
is the Wororra name for a friar-bird, and on inquiry I learned
that this creek was where Wonjuna made friar-birds; and
Kowoénambun was a place where Wonjuna made beetles of
that name.

,

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PEATE:
Port George IV., showing Mission Station.

Prary ITT.
. a. Augustus Water.
» 6. Wororra man throwing the spear (Chenalli) with
" spear-thrower.

Prag TV.
Fig. a. Showing body scars.
» 6. Showing manner of wearing belt round hips.
PuatTE V.
Fig. a. Spearing fish.
A Oey & wkahilua,
Prare Vi.

Figs. a and b. Showing body scars.
Prate VII.
Figs. a, b, and c. Showing body sears.

Prare VIL.
Figs. a and b. Men’s bones in Arnu Cave.

39

THE IODINE AND BROMINE CONTENTBOF A SAMPLE OF
WATER FROM LAKE GAIRDNER.

By W. TERNENT Cooke, D.Sc.
[Read April 12, 1917.]

The courtesy of Mr. A. C. Broughton put me in possession
of about half a litre of brine which, according to the donor,
was the liquor left after evaporating about 4 gallons of lake
water and removing the salts, mostly common salt, which had
crystallized out.

The liquer had a very faintly alkaline reaction, and was
very syruppy.

For iodine about 20 c.c., and for bromine 1 or 2 c.c.,
were sufficient, respectively, to give distinct qualitative tests
for these elements.

The methods of analysis are essentially those given in
Treadwell-Hall (Analytical Chemistry, vol. 11., p. 617, 2nd
ed.).

The brine was added to three times its volume of spirit,
and after standing about two days the crystals, almost pure
magnesium chloride, which, separated, were filtered off and
washed once with spirit. From the filtrate most of the spirit
was distilled off, and the remainder driven off by evaporation
in an open dish. The brine left solidified on cooling; it was
dissolved and made up to 1 litre. This litre of solution,
which will be referred to below as the ‘“‘brine,” represents,
therefore, 4 gallons (about 18 litres) of the original lake
water.

Todine.—An attempt, seemingly fairly successful, was
made first to estimate the iodine colorimetrically. Two
similar burettes (those with a tap at the side and a pro-
longation below the tap) were used. Into the first was put
AQ c.c., say, of brine, and into the second the same volume
of distilled water. To each was added about 5 c.c. of
chloroform and one or two drops of “nitrose”’ (nitrosulphonic
acid). On shaking the first and allowing to stand the
chloroform took on a certain depth of colour, due to free
iodine. This tint could be matched fairly closely by adding
to the second tube measured amounts of;\,potassium iodide
solution, shaking and allowing to stand. Thus: —

40 c.c. brine matched 0°3 c.c. of iodide.

50 ”? ”? 9 0-4 ” »”?
Whence we find that 1 litre of lake water contains ‘(00054 grm.
iodine, or | lb. of iodine is found in 186,100 gallons.

40

For the ordinary estimation of the iodine 200 c.c. of
brine were put int6 a separating funnel, and after acidifying
shghtly and adding a few drops of “nitrose,” the free iodine
was removed by extracting about six times with small quan-
tities (5-10 c.c.) of chloroform. To the combined extracts was
added potassium bicarbonate solution, and the iodine titrated
with ;\,thiosulphate. The thiosulphate was standardized
against;,potassium iodide. Of this solution 1°51 c.c. were
greatly diluted aM subjected to the same processes as the
brine: —151'c.c. 3, eee SS iodide = 1°55 c.c. thiosulphate.

Also, 200 c.c. brine (=? gallons water) took 145 c.c.
thiosulphate ='0018 grm. iodine.

Whence 1 litre of water contains ‘(0005 grm. iodine, or
1 lb. iodine is contained in 202,000 gallons.

Bromine.—After removal of iodine, the solution left can
be used for the estimation of bromides. Portions were
evaporated after adding a small quantity of sugar, the residue
heated till charred, extracted with water, and the clear
filtrate slightly acidified. It was then titrated with chlorine
water, approximately A,strength, The chlorine water was
standardized against;*, KBr, approximately equal volumes of
chlorine solution being used in assay and standard. The
chlorine solution gradually loses in titre, so that it is advisable
to standardize it at the time of titrating the assay. Found
1 lb. of bromine in (a) 1,477 gallons, (b) 1,393, mean 1,435 ;
or | litre of water contains ‘(07 grm. bromine.

Seeing that the iodide content of the water is so small,
a direct titration of the brine /7.¢., without removal of iodides)
is permissible. Such an estimation gave 1 lb. bromine in
1,539 gallons, or | htre of water contains ‘(065 grm. bromine.

a eee

1
ee ee

4]

ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
NO: 11.

By J. M. Brack.
(Read June 14, 1917.]
PLATres PX oro XE:

This list is to some extent the result of collections made
by me in September and October, 1916, in the neighbourhood
of Carrieton, Quorn, and Hawker; it also deals with many
finds made by other collectors, and contains the description
of three new species, in the genera MNochia, Acacia, and
Anacam pseros.

As in previous papers under the same title, alien plants
are indicated by an asterisk, and new records of native plants
for any of Tate’s districts are given in brackets after the
name of the locality. |

CoNIFERAE.

Callitris propnqua, R. Br. Left (eastern) bank of the
river at Murray Bridge. A tal! tree with the lower branches
spreading; cones, 30 mm. long.

HYDROCHARITACEAE.

Halophila ovalis (R. Br.), Hook. f. Fruiting branches
were found on the coast at Brighton, February 24, 1917 (H.
'H. D. Griffith).

GRAMINEAE.

*Bromus rubens, li. Carrieton; Woolshed Flat. Appears
to be numerous in the North and to take the place occupied
by B. madritensis, L., in the more southerly parts of the
State.

*Trisetum pumilum, Kunth. Moolooloo (S. A. White) ;
Carrieton ; Woolshed Flat.

*Polypogon monspeliensis, Desf. Growing luxuriantly
in a running creek of the Yappala Hills, near Hawker.

Stipa elegantissima, Wabill. Carrieton; Woolshed Flat.

Calamagrostis aemula, Steud., var. Billardieri, Maid.
(Desyeumia Billardieri, Kunth). Port Elliot; growing
among rocks near the sea.

Panicum pauciflorum, R. Br. Between Dalhousie Sta-
tion and Blood Creek (Dist. C; 8. A. White, August 3, 1913).
Hitherto recorded only for the Northern Territory. Captain
White reports that this grass, which I at first took for a

42

stunted form of P. effuswm (these Trans., xxxvili., 460),
“seems to be in great abundance after rain.”

CYPERACEAE.

Lepidosperma viscidum, R. Br. Sherlock (F. Denford ;
Dist. M); Halbury; Gladstone; Beetaloo (Dist. N). The
Gladstone specimens have the stem fully 6 mm. broad.

J UNCACEAE,
Juncus pauciflorus, R. Br. Murray Bridge (Dist. M).

LILIACEAE.

*Allium rotundum, LL. Received from Lochiel per Pro-
fessor Osborn. A Mediterranean plant with numerous purple
flowers arranged in a globular head or umbel. This is the
first occasion on which it has been found in South Australia.

PROTEACEAE.
Hakeatulicina, R. Br:, vary flerilis; F. v, Mi (A. feamss,
F.v. M.). Flinders Range, near Laura.

CHENOPODIACEAE.

Chenopodium atriplicinum, F. v. M. Carrieton ; Quor’ ;
Woolshed Flat (Dist. N).

Kochia lobifiora, F. v. M. Carrieton; Hawker; Quorn.
Appendages of the perianth always bifid, often all bisected to
the base, so that there are ten distinct, obtuse, cuneate
appendages ; stems ascending or erect.

Bassia echinopsila, F. v. M. Bentham describes this
plant as “glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or very rarely the
young shoots shghtly pubescent.” Mueller, in his original
description (Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict., 11., 76), also calls it
“glabrous.”’ All my specimens are hairy, on the adult, as
well as the young parts. Those from Oodnadatta (Miss
Staer), Glen Ferdinand (S. A. White), and one from Mount
Goyder, in the Tate Herbarium, have villous leaves and
tomentose branches, although the hairs on the branches wear
off with age. In the more southerly specimens—Minnipa
(Dist. L or W; J. M. B. ; Murrayville and Ouyen, Victoria (H.
B. Williamson)—branches and leaves are beset with numerous
but scattered hairs. The fruiting calyx varies greatly in the
hairiness of its clothing. It is distinguished from that of
B. Birchu, F. v. M., by the summit much less hairy, two of
the five spines united near the base, and with a ridge marking
the line of union both on the summit and tube of the
perianth, also by its small size—5-7 mm. diam., including

43
the spines, as against 12 mm. diam. for the fruiting perianth
a- DB. Birch.
B. longicuspis, F. v. M. This species grows as far south
as Hawker.

Kochia coronata, sp. nova (tab. Tx.). Fruticulus
humilis, ramis ascendentibus ramulisque lanuginosis, folvis
linearibus 5-15 mm. longis 1 mm. latis appresso-villosis aetate
glabrescentibus, floribus solitarws confertis, stigmatibus 2,
perianthio fructifero conico 25 mm. alto dense sericeo-
villoso uno latere usque ad basin secto basi plano cir-
citer 4 mm. diametro ala rigidd ciliata integra 1 mm. lata
cincto superne appendicem erectam coronformem gerente,
— perianthn lobis obsolescentibus recurvis.

South Australia—Mount Lyndhurst (Max Koch); Lake
Harry (W. Gill) ; Cootanoorinna Creek (R. Helms) ; Strzelecki
Creek (S. A. White).

’ New South Wales—-Warrego River (E. Betche) ; Darling
River (Tate Herbarium).

This species has hitherto been regarded as a form of
K. ciliata, F. v. M., but the differences in the perianth, from
the bud onwards, seem to me sufficiently marked to justify
the creation of a new species. In KX. ciliata the perianth has
conspicuous deltoid lobes, which close over the fruit, and no
appendage except the narrow annular wing; in K. coronata
the lobes are minute, irregular, inconspicuous, and recurved,
while from the summit of the perianth rises a crown-shaped,
truncate appendage, which helps to protect the fruit, especi-
ally as the long hairs which spring from the sides of the crown
are curved over it and guard the opening at the top. The
narrow wing which encircles the base of the perianth may
be likened to a brim, so that, with this crown and brim, the
fruiting perianth of A. coronata resembles a diminutive hat.
An inspection of the figures on plate ix. will help to make
the difference between the two species clear. That XK. ciliata,
as here delimited, is the species represented by the type there
is no doubt, as Professor Ewart was kind enough to lend me
some of the original specimens gathered by D. Hergolt, col-
lector of Babbage’s Expedition, in 1858, at Emu Springs and
Wonnomulla Water Hole, in the dry country lying to the
westward of the northern part of Lake Torrens. It was also
found by R. Helms (1891) at Cootanoorinna Creek, near the
Alberga River, together with A. coronata. Mueller’s original
description of A. ciliata (Rep. Babb. Exped., 20) says: —
“Calyx wingless, fringed with woolly-villose hair, its teeth
deltoid ; fruit-bearing calyx flat-depressed, orbicular, without
ribs.” Bentham, in the “Flora Australiensis,” v., 188 (1870),

eg

44

says: —“‘Fruiting perianth very flat, clothed with long soft

hairs, scarcely 2 lines diameter, including the annular wing.”’
Mueller, in his “Key to the System of Victorian Plants’’
(1885-8), says:—‘“‘Fruiting perianth much depressed, ex-
panded into a hard, horizontal, lobeless margin.’ All these
are good descriptions of A. ciliata, but do not cover A.
coronata. The first notice taken of the latter species is in
plate 58 of Mueller’s “Iconography of Australian Salsolaceous
Plants” (1889). In this plate (drawn by R. Graff), the
branch on the right, figs. 1 and 6, and the right-hand
perianth of fig. 7 represent A. coronata. The complete plant
in the centre of the plate, and the left-hand perianth of
fig. 7, represent A. ciliata. Helms’ specimen of A. coronata
from Cootanoorinna Creek shows the whole plant, which
stands about 15 cm. high, with one short erect stem and
numerous branches.
PORTULACACEAE.

Anacampseros australiana, sp. “ova (tab. x.). Suf-
frutex succulentus glaber, rhizomate carnoso tuberifero,
caule brew, ramis procumbentibus rubellis, foliis, ovato-
lanceolatis confertis crassis 15-25 mm. longis 5-10 mm. latis,
pilis stipularibus brevibus, floribus paucis, etiam in sole vir
hiantibus, pedicellis longis basi bibracteatis, petalis obovatis
roses tenuissimis in sepalis inclusis, staminibus circiter 10,
antheris flavis oblongis, capsulad oblonga S-9 mm. longa,
epicar pio chartaceo 3-valvi ad basin secedente, mesocarmo
indurato in cireiter 12 nervis setiformibus parallelis consist-
ente quorum 3-4 nervi ramosi ad quamque valvam mem-
branaceam endocarpu adhaerent et 3 nervi simplices et liberi
cum valvis alternant, seminibus dorso rotundatis tuberculatis.

This curious little plant was found by Miss J. Mills on
a rocky hillside at Woolshed Flat, in the Flinders Range,
between Quorn and Port Augusta, in August, 1913. Dr.
Angas Johnson also received specimens from a resident of
Quorn, and he believes that they came from the ranges near
Blinman. It grows easily in a pot—even a branch which
has been severed for more than a month will throw out
roots—so that it has been possible to keep it under observa-
tion. Anacampseros is a genus hitherto limited to Cape
Colony, and as our plant does not agree with any described
species, it must be considered indigenous to Australia. The
new species might be placed in the section Telephiastrum of
Anacampseros, were it not that the seeds are rounded on the
back and neither winged nor angled. The African species
are said to open their flowers wide in the sun, but I have
never seen the sepals of A. australiana open more than half-
way, and usually they appear not to open at all, and the

45

petals are not seen unless the flower is forcibly expanded.
The remarkable capsule of Anacampseros has been described
as consisting only of epicarp and endocarp, but it seems to me
that the white bristle-like parallel nerves, on which the three
membranous valves of the endocarp are spread, are really
a hardened, interrupted mesocarp, and, of course, the three
solitary nerves, which alternate with valves, belong to
the same layer of the pericarp. The membranous valves can
easily be separated from the nerves, which number 3-4 to
each valve, with a few finer lateral nerves, some of which
anastomose near the summit. The plant appears to be rare,
and is probably very local in its distribution.

CRUCIFERAE.

Blennodia trisecta, Benth. Walloway (Dist. N).

*Sisymbrium erysimoides, Desf. Quorn; Hawker. Petals
yellow; ripe pods diverging horizontally from the rhachis.
Growing thickly about. the railway station at Quorn, and else-

' where near the town. Apparently the first record of this

weed in Australia. Spain, North Africa, Arabia, Persia.

Geococcus pusillus, Drumm. Morchard; Carrieton (Dist.
N); Hawker (Dist. 8).

Menkea australis, Lehm. Warren Gorge, near Quorn
(border of Dists. N and §8).

*Diplotazis tenuifolia, DC. Lefevre Peninsula; Burn-
side. This weed was first recorded at Port Lincoln.

Thlasyi cochlearinum, F. v. M. Hawker. Pod shortly
winged and notched at the summit, as also in the specimens
from Lake Torrens Plain and Hookina in the Tate Herbarium.

CRASSULACEAE.
Tillaea acuminata, F. M. Reader. Carrieton ; Woolshed
Fiat.
LEGUMINOSAE.

Acacia Oswaldu, F. v. M. Warren Gorge, near Quorn
(border of Dists. N and 8).

Acacia Menzelii, sp. nova (tab..x1,). Frutex valde
—glutinosus, ramulis cylindraceis ob pilos minutos scabridis,
— phyllodus cylindricis 15-50 mm. longis vir I mm. diametro
— gigidis erectiusculis obtusis plus minus curvatis 6-sulcatis,
sulcis fuscis resinosis, pedunculis monocephalis geminis sed
distinctis rarius solitariis 3-5 mm. longis glabris, capitulis
circiter 25-floris, floribus pentameris, bracteolae lamina ovata
concavad acuminatéd, calycis lobis obtusis ciliatis tubum sub-
aequantibus, petalis liberis striatis calyce semel longioribus,
leguminis valvis 25-30 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis extus

\

46

glutinosis inter seminibus vix angustatis maryine incrassatis,
seminibus nondum inventis.

Belongs to the section Calamiformes, but differs from
other species in its rather short and erect cylindrical phyllodes,
rounded at the summit, and without visible nerves, although
the resinous fillings of the narrow, longitudinal furrows have
the appearance of nerves. Collected in flower by the late
Mr. O. E. Menzel, on August 8, 1897, at Monarto. The
specimens were preserved in his herbarium, which was after-
wards purchased by the South Australian Government. They
were submitted to the inspection of Mr. J..H. Maiden, who,
recognizing that they were a new South Australian species,
was good enough to transmit them to me for description.
The only other specimens I have seen were found by Mr.
H. H. D. Griffith, somewhere in the neighbourhood of Murray
Bridge, at Christmas, 1909. These contained two pods, ot
which only one valve remained in each case, and the seeds
had fallen. Since the above was written, Miss A. McMahon,
public school teacher at Monarto South, has re-discovered this
plant in flower. She writes (August 17, 1917):—“The shrub
is 3 feet in height, of loose growth, and growing on a hillside
about a mile from this school on the road between Monarto
and Mobilong. Only two bushes have been seen by us.”

Acacia Bynoeana, Benth. (pl. xi.). Bowhill (V. R.
Murphy). Flowering September, 1916; fruiting February,
1917. The flowerheads are very numerous and bright yellow.
Mr. Murphy writes:-—‘“The bush is about 6 feet high, with
branches spreading about 5 feet each way. The stems are
about the thickness of a man’s thumb.” This species, origin-
ally described from specimens collected on the North-western
Coast of Australia and in the Gulf of Carpentaria, has already
been recorded for South Australia, Victoria, and New South
Wales by Mr. J. H. Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,
xlix., 501 (1915). He quotes the following note supplied by
Mr. W. Gill, our Conservator of Forests: —“It 1s very com-
mon in the Parilla Forest, and all about the mallee scrub over
a wide extent of the Pinnaroo district, which lies between
Tailem Bend on the west and the Victorian border on the
east.” I have received from Mr. H. B. Williamson, of
Ballarat, Victorian specimens collected at Murrayville and
Ngallo. The existence of this species at the western end of Lake
Amadeus, Central Australia, is also recorded by Mueller and
Tate in their list of plants collected by Tietkens in 1889 (these
rand. xin. LOOY. This handsome shrub is distinguished
from its near allies (of which A. Menzel is one) by its
golden-pubescent peduncles, which are really racemose, for,
although only twin, or solitary by abortion, they spring from

i il i i he ii i il a en A i

a

47

a very short common rhachis. The pods and seeds bear con-
siderable resemblance to those of A. rigens, A. Cunn. The
calyx, which is half the length of the petals, has rather thick
lobes, and after flowering it often becomes hardened and
persistant at the base of the pod. Captain 8S. A. White was
informed that the seeds form part of the food of the mallee
hen (Lewpoa ocellata). A. Bynoeana has been previously
figured in Mueller’s Iconography of Australian Acacias,
decade 3, t. 1.

Swainsona phacifolia, F. v. M. Carrieton and Orroroo:
standard -brick-red with yellow’ base; stipules broad,
acuminate, often with 1 or 2 teeth; leaflets broadly cuneate,
truncate-apiculate or almost 3-toothed at apex. Hawker:
standard orange, striped with red, yellow at base, keel red;
stipules similar, but leaflets longer, oblong-cuneate, obtuse
or notched, the terminal one the longest (nearly 2 cm.).
Hundred of Booyoolie: standard orange, wings and keel
scarlet.; stipules smaller; leaflets linear-cuneate, obtuse or 3-
toothed at apex. The specimens from Hawker and Booyoolie
have a small, semicircular callus at the top of the claw, but
I think the specific significance of calli on the standard of
Swainsona has been exaggerated. All the specimens have
the teeth of the calyx shorter than its tube, the wings ciliate
on the middle of the upper margin, and the style somewhat
twisted to one side.

*Astragaius hamosus, L. This Mediterranean plant
appeared to be fairly numerous on the plain near Hawker.
First record for South Australia.

*Trifoluum cernwum, Brot. Mount Gambier (A. Kiesel-
bach). This Mediterranean clover has not previously been
noticed in our State, although it was found in Western Aus-
tralia some years ago.

RUTACEAE.

Microcybe pauciflora, Turcz. As Mueller remarks, in
Fragm., ix., 107, this is a very variable species. Specimens
from Port Lincoln, Yeelanna, and Tooligie have spreading
linear leaves, bright-yellow flower-heads 7-8 mm. in diameter,
glabrous petals, and filaments densely villous in the lower
half. Specimens from the West Coast of South Australia
(exact locality not given) and from Murrayville, Victoria
(H. B. Williamson), have shorter, erect, obcuneate leaves,
rather cordate at base, smaller heads, petals drying brown
and perhaps white when fresh, ciliate with léng intricate
hairs on the lower margins, and glabrous filaments. This
may be var. baccharoides, F. v. M., but I am inclined to
think it should be treated as another species. Diels and
Pritzel, speaking of Western Australia, say the flowers of

48

M. paucifiora are white, which certainly does not agree with
our typical specimens.
RHAMNACEAE.

Spyridium phlebophyllym, F. v. M. Pichirichi Pass,
between Woolshed Flat and Quorn. This shrub, peculiar to
South Australia, was growing on rocky ground, and was not
numerous. The site mentioned in the “‘Flora Australiensis”
(Elder Range), lies about 50 miles further north.

MALVACEAE.

Plagianthus glomeratus, Benth. Mount Remarkable
(Dist. N).

DILLENIACEAE.

Hibbertia acicularis, F. v. M., var. sessiliflora, J. M.
Black. Flinders Range, between Gladstone and Bundaleer,
and near Laura (Dist. N). These northern specimens have
often 6 stamens, and sometimes 8.

FRANKENIACEAE.

Frankenia fruticulosa, DC. Thevenard Peninsula, E.P.
This plant was recorded as F. tetrapetala, Labill, (?) in these
Trans., xl., 68. Since then the enquiry as to its identity
has been advanced a little, but it cannot be said that an
entirely satisfactory conclusion has been reached. Specimens
were forwarded to the Victorian National Herbarium, to the
Royal Botanic Garden, Kew; and to the Muséum d’histoire
naturelle, Paris. Professor Ewart replied :—‘‘Your specimen
of Frankenia tetrapetala agrees with the only specimen we
have under that name in the herbarium. It is, however, one
of Drummond’s. We have no specimen of the original or of
that collected by Diels.” The Director of Kew (Lieut.-Col.
Sir D. Prain) determined the specimen as “Frankenia thymi-
folia, Desf.” This is a North African species, and the
descriptions of it which are available here show that it very
closely resembles our plant in habit. It seems, however, to
be implied in the descriptions that /. thymifolia has several
ovules to each placenta, whereas our plant has but one. There
is also the great distance which separates the two countries,
and the introduction of a dwarf shrub of this character from
North Africa to the shores of the Great Bight is highly
improbable. Exactly similar specimens to ours were gathered
by Mr. J. G. O. Tepper at Ardrossan in 1879, and are placed
in the Tate Herbarium under F’. paucifiora. There is, there-
fore, little doubt that F. fruticulosa will be found in many
other places along our coasts. Mr. Danguy, botanical assistant

49

to Professor Lecomte, replied:—‘‘Frankenia fruticulosa,
DC. N’est pas le F. tetrapetala, Labill. Nous ne possédons
que 2 petits échantillons de l’espece de Labillardicre ; ils ont
les feuilles un peu plus grandes, luisantes, tres glabres,
ponctuées; ils n’ont que quelques fleurs qui semblent bien
tétraméres.” De Candolle, in his description of F’. fruticulosa
eee rodr:, 1," 350), says:—‘‘foliis basi non ciliatis” ;
whereas our plant shows the sheathing base finely ciliate
under the lens, although the cilia wear off with age. How-
ever, as /’. fruticulosa was gathered on the Isle of St. Francis,
which is not far from Murat Bay and Thevenard Peninsula,
it seems the most probable identification of our species. It
was placed by Bentham under 7’. pauciflora, DC., but he does
not appear to have analyzed the specimens. The plant from
Thevenard Peninsula will certainly, with its sessile leaves and
solitary ovules, not go under /’. paueciflora.

THYMELAEACEAE.

Pimelea trichostachya, Uimdl. Murrayville, Victoria
(H. B. Williamson). This place is so near the South Aus-
tralian border and Pinnaroo that there can be little doubt
the species will be found in Dist. M.

FLALORRHAGIDACEAE.

Halorrhagis heterophylla, Brongn., var. glauecifolia,
Schindl. Carrieton and Woolshed Flat. This determination
was made by Mr. J. H. Maiden. JH. heterophylla, Brongn.
Myponga (H. H. D. Griffith). Almost the typical form, with
narrow leaves. H. elata, A. Cunn. Between Gladstone and

Crystal Brook (Dist. N).

UMBELLIFERAE.

Eryngium rostratum, Cav. Woolshed Flat (Miss J.
Mills; Dist. S or N). The vesicles surrounding the calyx-
tube are obovoid and obtuse, instead of linear and acute, as
they are in southern specimens.

Didiscus eriocarpus, F. v. M. Quorn (border of Dists.
N and 8). The woolly fruits resemble the heads of Tfoliwm

tomentosum, La.
BoRRAGINACEAE.

Rochelia Maccoya, F. v. M. Carrieton; Quorn (Dist.
N); Minnipa (Dist. L or W); Hawker (Dist. 8S). Remark-
ably like Hritrichium australasiceum, and has probably often
been mistaken for it.

50

*4Amsinckia angustifolia, Lehm. A solitary specimen on
the roadside near Kapunda (H. W. Andrew). Recorded in
1906 from the Grange railway near Woodville; apparently
rare. Chili. :

*Hchium italicum, L. Already recorded from Caloote
and Mount Pleasant, this bristly Mediterranean weed, nearly
1 m. high, and with very stout erect angular stems, has
established itself at Cudlee Creek, near Millbrook.

SoLANACEAE.

*Solanum rostratum, Dun., ann. 1812 (S. heterandrum,
Pursh, ann. 1813). Received from Bute through Professor
Osborn. <A very prickly and objectionable North American
weed, already recorded for Victoria by Professor Ewart.
From Nebraska southwards into Mexico.

*S. marginatum, L. f. Received from Morphett Vale
Branch Bureau in 1211, and from Fifth Creek, through Pro-
fessor Osborn, in 1917. A prickly, ornamental shrub, with
broad, curiously white-edged leaves and large yellow berries,
from Abyssinia and neighbouring tracts in North Africa.
Apparently very localized here.

ScROPHULARIACEAE.

*Linaria spuria, Mill. Collinswood, Adelaide (H. W.
Andrew). Competing for space with ZL. Hlatine, from which
it is distinguished by its ovate and greener leaves.

*Dischisma capitatum, Chois. Lefevre Peninsula, near
Largs Bay. Previously recorded from the “Pinery,”’ near
the Grange railway.

PLANTAGINACEAE.

*Plantago Psyllium, L. Fields at Nantawarra, near
Port Wakefield. A Mediterranean weed, recorded and
figured by Professor Osborn in the “Journal of Agriculture,”
December, (1916. "FP. Corzonopus, lu. A remarkably
luxuriant form of this plant, with spikes 7-14 cm. long, and
peduncles and leaves also abnormally long, was found at
Victor Harbour by Mr. H. W. Andrew.

GOODENIACEAE.

Goodenia glauca, F. v. M., var. sericea, Benth. Hawker.
Some specimens have the usual broad-lanceolate radical leaves
and ascending stems; others have the radical leaves obovate
and coarsely crenate and some of the stems procumbent.

Dampiera marifolia, Benth. Longwood, Mount Lofty
Range (recorded in error as J). /anceolata in these Trans., xl.,

eS

51

72); Barossa Range (Dist. A); between Laura and Beetaloo
(Dist. N); scrub on both sides of River Murray.

COMPOSITAE.

Craspedia pleiocephala, F. v. M. Numerous about Car-
rieton and Hawker; a more or less woolly annual, with erect
or ascending stems 5-25 cm. high; leaves oblong-cuneate,
acuminate with a conspicuous, scarious point; flower-heads
bright yellow, but only a few of them with an additional
smaller head at base.

Senecio magnificus, F. v. M. Pinnaroo (Dist. M); Car-
rieton, Quorn (Dist. N); Oodnadatta, Everard Range (Dist.
Cc).

Elachanthus pusillus, F. v. M. Baroota; Quorn; Car-
rieton (Dist. N).

Podolepis Lesson, Benth. Carrieton; Baroota (Dist.
N).
: Helipterum strictum, Benth. Woolshed Flat (Dist. N).
H. polygalifoium, DC. Found at Warren Gorge, near
Quorn, on the boundary of Dists. N and S. The receptacle
is conical, not flat, as stated in “Fl. Aust.,” in., 641. 4.
Jessenn, F. v. M. Carrieton; Quorn. H. hyalospermum,
F. v. M. Quorn.

Isoetopsis graminifolia, Turcz. Quorn. This small plant
bears considerable resemblance to /yriocephalus rhizocephalus
(DC.), Benth.

Brachycome Muellert, Sond. Telowie Gorge; Hundred
of Pirie (Dist. N); scrub between Murray Bridge and Cal-
lington (Dist. M); Middle River, K.I. (Dist. K); Hawker
(Dist. 8S). B. exilis, Sond. Tintinara (Dist. T).

*Secorzonera laciniata, L. Fields near Collinswood (H.
W. Andrew). Recorded in “Journal of Agriculture,”
February, 1917. A biennial plant of the Mediterranean
region and Central HKurope, which has not been noticed here
previously.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Pruate IX.

Kochia ciliata, F. v. M. 1, specimen from Renmark, with
weak, sometimes procumbent branches. 2, fruiting perianth, much
depressed, from the type collected by Hergolt at Emu Springs.
3, fruiting perianth from Renmark specimens, the lobes more
conspicuous. 4, flowering perianth. 5, fruiting perianth of the
type, seen from above and with all the hairs removed. 6, vertical
section of fruiting perianth (fruit removed). 7, branch of a

52

specimen from Cootanoorinna Creek, thicker and more rigid than
the Renmark specimens, and agreeing exactly with the type.

Kochia coronata, n. sp. 8, a branching specimen. 9, flower-
ing perianth. 10, fruiting perianth. 11, vertical section of
fruiting perianth. 12, fruiting perianth, seen from above, with
the crown cut away and the hairs removed.

Puate X.

Anacampseros australiana, n. sp. 1, stamens and pistil in
the bud (sepals and petals removed). 2, ripening fruit, 1mme-
diately after the sepals have fallen, showing :—a, a, dried and
colourless petals twisted and forming a hood around upper half
of capsule; b, b, 2 of the 3 valves of the papery, or almost
coriaceous epicarp, separating from the base upwards; c, part of
the bristly mesocarp and membranous endocarp; d, place of
attachment of epicarp; @, place of attachment of petals and sepals.
8, open capsule after the petals and epicarp have fallen. 4, seed.
5, longitudinal section of seed. 6, tuber and young shoot.

PrATE, XT.
Acacia Menzelii, n. sp. 1, branch. 2, summit of phyllode.
3, valve of pod. 4, transverse section of phyllode. 5, flower.
6, bracteole.
Acacia Bynoeana, Benth. 7, branchlet. 8, flower. 9,
bracteole. 10, summit of phyllode. 11, pod. 12, transverse
sections of 2 phyllodes. 13, seed. ;

53

ON SOME MOTHS FROM LORD HOWE AND NORFOLK
ISLANDS IN THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

By A. JEFFERIS TurNER, M.D., F.E.S.
[Read June 14, 1917.]

The following species of moths were taken by Mr. A. M.
‘Lea on a recent collecting trip to Lord Howe and Norfolk
Islands and were sent for determination : —

From Lord Howe Island.

Family ARCTIADAE.
Nov. gen.(?) et sp. Hight examples.
Calamidia, n. sp. Two male examples. Nearly allied
to the Australian Calamidia hirta, Wk.
Philenora, n. sp. One example.

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Spodoptera mauritia, Bdv. One example. Common
throughout the Eastern tropics.

Sericea spectans, Gu. One example. Common in the
coastal regions of Queensland and New South Wales.
Ophideres salamima, Fab. One example. Common in
Queensland and throughout the Oriental region.

Hydrillodes lentalis, Gu. Two examples.

Simplicia robustalis, Gu. One example. Common in
Queensland and throughout the Oriental region.

Dichromea quinqualis, Wik. Two examples. A common
Queensland species.

Hypena masurialis, Gu. Five examples.

Hypena sylpha, Butl. Two examples. I know this
species only from Southern Queensland, where it does not
appear to be common.

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Cidaria,(*) sp. One female example.

Brachycola,(?) sp. One female example.

Boarmia inflexaria, Snel. One female example. Also
from Queensland, New Guinea, and the Malay Peninsula.

Family PYRALIDAE.

Emcrocis sublignalis, Wik. One example. <A very com-
mon species in Queensland and New South Wales.

Tirathaba rufivena, Wik. One male example. Also
known from Queensland, New Guinea, Borneo, Ceylon, and
India.

54

Scenedra decoratalis, Wik. One example. A common
species in Eastern Australia.

Diplopseustis perieralis, Wik. One example. Also from
Eastern Australia, New Zealand, Borneo, Formosa, and India.

Trichophysetis cretacea, Butl. One example.

Macalla, n. sp. One example.

Acharana licarcisalis, Wik. Two examples.

Pyrausta cynaralis, Wik. One example. Also from
Queensland, Ceylon, and India.

Mecyna, sp. One example.

Family TINEIDAE.

Elaconoma, n. sp. Seven examples.

Gracilaria, n. sp. One example. Near G. rylophanes,
Turn., from Queensland.

Hyponomeuta, sp. One example.

Hieroxestis omoscopa, Meyr. One example.

Erechthias, sp. One example.

Trichophaga tapetiella, Lin. One example. An intro-
duced species; the larva feeds on woollen fabrics and furs.

There are several other species of Tineidae which I hone
to be able to determine.

From Norfolk Island.
Family ARCTIADAE.
Gen. NESIOTICA, nov. (vyotw7tKos, belonging to an island).

Tongue well developed. Palpi slender, ascending, not
reaching. vertex. Antennae in male bipectinate to apex.
Forewings with 2 from #, 3 and 4 long-stalked, 5 absent,
6, 7, 8, 9 stalked ; or 6 connate with 7, 8, 9; 7 arising out of
8 beyond 9, 10 absent, 11 free. Hindwings in male without
basal costal expansion, 2 from }, 3 and 4 coincident and from
angle of cell, 5 somewhat curved at base towards 3 but well
separated from it, 6 and 7 long-stalked, 8 anastomosing with
cell as far as middle.

Closely allied to Goniosema, Turn., but in this vein 6 of
forewings arises remote from 7, 8, 9. In the latter there is a
strong basal costal expansion in hindwings, but I do not lay
much weight on this.

NESIOTICA CLADARA, 0. Sp. (kAadapos, fragile).

3d, 29; 17-18 mm. Head pale-fuscous; face and palpi
whitish. Antennae grey; pectinations in male 3. Thorax
pale-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey, tuft whitish. Legs whitish ;
anterior pair grey. Forewings elongate-oval, costa gently
arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish with
slight pale fuscous suffusion ; markings fuscous; a dot on fold
at £; costal dots at { and 4: a dot on fold at 4 connected with

—— ae. a a

ays)

first costal dot and with dorsum at 4 by some fuscous scales
forming an imperfect oblique line: two dots near second costal
dot and in an oblique line with it; a fine strongly dentate
transverse line from #? costa to before tornus; a second less
distinct line shortly beyond this, followed by some fine streaks
on veins, and ‘a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish. Huind-
wings and cilia ochreous-whitish.

Two examples; one male in poor condition and the
female type. This interesting discovery is most nearly allied
to Gomosema anguliscripta, Luc., from Southern Queensland.
There is nothing akin to it known in New Zealand.

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Agrotis ypsion, Rott. Three examples. Probably of
world-wide distribution.

Cirphis loreyi, Dup. Two examples. Generally dis-
tributed throughout the Eastern Hemisphere.

Cirphis unipuncta, Haw. Seven examples. Probably of
world-wide distribution.

Prodema litura, Fab. Three examples. Universally dis-
tributed throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of the
Eastern Hemisphere.

Ariathisa, sp. One example.

Prozenus tenuis, Butl. Eight examples. Common
throughout Australia; not hitherto recorded elsewhere.

Hydrillodes lentalis, Gu. Three examples. Common in
the Eastern tropics.

Hypena masurialis, Gn. Three examples. Common in
the Eastern tropics.

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Chloroclystis laticostata, Wik. One male example, much
mangled but recognizable. A common Australian species;
net hitherto recorded elsewhere.

Xanthorhoe sodaliata, Wik. Three male and five female
examples. One female is unusually small—expansion, 17 mm.
Another female is a slight aberration; there is a paler band
between basal patch and median area of forewing, and median
area is defined by a posterior pale suffusion. JI mention this
as the female appears not to vary in Australia. This is a
common species in Eastern Australia; not hitherto recorded
elsewhere.

Acidalia rubraria, Dbld. Four examples. Common, and
generally distributed in Australia and New Zealand.

Acidalia hypochra, Meyr. One female example. Com-
mon in Eastern Australia; not hitherto recorded elsewhere.

Boarmia, n. sp. One female example.

56

Family SPHINGIDAE.

Herse convolvuli, Lin. One example. Common through-
out the Eastern Hemisphere.

é Family PYRALIDAE.

Crocydopora cinigerella, Wik. Four examples. <A com-
mon species in Australia and New Zealand.

Crambus cuneiferellus, Wik. Thirty-six examples. Very
common in Eastern Australia; also recorded from New
Hebrides and Tonga.

Endotricha, n. sp. Three examples.

Trichophysetis cretacea, Butl. Five examples. Common
in Eastern Australia; also recorded from Japan and the Amur
region.

Diasemia, sp. Sixty-two examples.

Hymenia fascialis, Cram. Twelve examples. Of world
wide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. 7

Acharana licarsisalis, Wik. Two examples. Widely dis-
tributed in the warmer parts of Asia and Australia and in
the Polynesian islands.

Scoparia, n. sp. Three examples.

Family TORTRICIDAE.

Capua, n. sp. One example.

Tortrix, sp. Two female examples of a species resembling
T. divulsana, Wlk., but with the whitish hindwings plainly
strigulated with grey.

Schoenotenes, n. sp. One example.

Acrochta, n. sp. One example.

KHucosma plebeiana, Zel. Eight examples. Common
throughout Australia and widely distributed elsewhere: no
doubt artificially introduced. :

Polychrosis botrana, Schiff. Three examples. Commgn
in Eastern Australia and many other parts of the globe;
introduced with the grapevine, on which the larva feeds.

Argyroploce ulemda, Butl. One female. Common on
coast from Port Darwin to Sydney: also in India, Ceylon,
South Africa, and Hawaiian Islands. Larvae in pods of
Acacia and Cassia. Probably introduced.

Family TINEIDAE.

HTieroxestis omoscopa, Meyr. Six examples. Occurs com-
monly, also in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa;
attached to houses.

Tinea, sp. Five examples. Probably artificially intro-
duced. |

57

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA.

By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D., F.E.S.
[Read June 14, 1917.]

Family TINEIDAE.
Subfamily OLCOPHORINAE.

Mr. KE. Meyrick has kindly sent me some criticisms on
‘my paper in these Proceedings (1916, p. 333), which arrived,
unfortunately, after its publication. JI propose to refer to
them now, and to deal with genera and species belonging to
the groups Philobotides and Depressariades.

BoRKHAUSENIA ANTHEMODES.

Oecophora anthemodes, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1885, p. 780.

Borkhausenia tetraphaea, Turn: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1916, p. 337.

Mr. Meyrick points out that these names refer to the
same species.

Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (5,000-6,000
feet); Victoria: Fernshaw, Warragal; Tasmania: Mount
Wellington (1,000 feet).

CopRIODES.

Mr. Meyrick writes: —“I think you are mistaken in
regarding the termination of vein 7 as costal; it is really
indefinite, owing to the oblique rounding off of the apex (as
in most stenomids=xyloryctids), but it represents a natur-
ally apical termination ; therefore, I do not adopt the genus.”
T am disposed to admit that the affinities of the genus may
be with the Hulechriades, the apparent termination of vein 7
being secondary to the peculiar shape of the forewing, a
secondary adaptation for the purposes of protective resem-
blance; but, at the same time, I think the peculiar form of
wing is sufficient ground for generic separation from P7/o-
prepes, which, as heretofore constituted, does not seem a
natural assemblage.

BaREA CONSIGNATELLA.
Barea consignatella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix., p. 819.
Part of this reference was accidentally omitted.

BAREA EOPHILA, n. sp. (ywdtAos, loving the dawn).

I propose this name for the species described by me as
Barea pyrora, Meyr. Mr. Meyrick, to whom I have sent an

258

example, says that it is distinct, and gives the following
differences : —““The form of the forewings is distinctly different
[in pyrora], those of eophila being narrower anteriorly and
wider posteriorly as compared with pyrora, the colour of the
hindwings different, being orange-yellow in eophila and deep-
orange in pyrora, and the antennal ciliations somewhat shorter
in eophila than in pyrora. Both species have veins 2 and 3
of forewings stalked, but other allied species are transitional
in this character.” Hophila is known only from New South
Wales (Ebor).

EPIPYRGA HEMIPHAES, n. sp. (jptdays, half-shining).

@, 14 mm. Head pale-ochreous, brownish-tinged.
Palpi ochreous-whitish, external surface of second joint fus-
cous towards base. Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous; tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs fuscous ;
posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
pale ochreous-yellow; a small fuscous basal fascia, slightly
extended on costa; a large apical patch bounded by a very
slightly inwardly-curved line from 4 costa to 2 dorsum, fus-
cous, containing an iridescent purple streak along anterior
margin, and a similar nearly complete circular ring extending
from apex nearly to tornus; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and
cia fuscous.

/1ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in November; one
specimen.

TRACHYNTIS DIAPHANES.

Eulechria wiaphanes, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 207.

Mr. Meyrick refers my species to this genus. The term-
inal joints of the palpi are thickened, but very slightly
roughened.

EULECHRIA HOMOCHROA.

I have to record this species also from Queensland:
Brisbane, in April; Mount Tambourine, in January; Too-
woomba, in March and April. New South Wales: Sydney,
in March and April.

EULECHRIA DELOCHORDA, N. sp.
(dnAoxopdos, with conspicuous line).

a

3, 9; 17-21 mm. Head deep yellow. Palpi yellowish,
second joint dark-fuscous externally except at apex. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 1}. Thorax yellow, base of patagia
dark-fuscous. Abdomen whitish; base of segments on dorsum
ochreous-brown; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs dark-fuscous ;
posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, scarcely
dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen

59

obliquely rounded; ochreous-yellow; a broad dark-fuscous
costal streak from base to apex, increasing slightly in breadth
as far as 2, then diminishing; cilia pale ochreous-yellow, on
costa dark-fuscous. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia whitish-
ochreous.

Hab.—Queensland: Toowoomba (Harlaxton Scrub), in
March and April; abundant.

MACHIMIA MESOGAEA.

There is an omission of the hindwings in the description
of this species. It should conclude:—Hindwings pale-
fuscous, somewhat ochreous-tinged; cilia whitish-ochreous,
sometimes with pale-grey suffusion.

MACHIMIA COCCINEA, n. sp. (coccineus, red).

2, 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax red. Antennae
erey-whitish, towards base reddish. Abdomen pale-ochreous.
Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair mostly, and middle pair
partly red. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched, apex
rounded-rectangular, termen obliquely rounded; red slightly
tinged with ochreous; without defined markings, but traces of
two discal dots and a posterior line are discernible; cilia pale-
reddish. Huindwings and cilia pale-ochreous without grey or.
fuscous tinge.

Near moderatella, Wlk., but easily distinguished by the
ochreous hindwings.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns, in June; one specimen.

EULACHNA XANTHOSPILA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1916, p. 257.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

Dasycerca apocryPHa, Turn.: l.c., 1914, p. 555.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine: New South
Wales: Ebor.

MACHAERETIS HETEROPA, Turn.: ¢.c., 1914, p. 556.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

MACHAERITIS CALLIPHYLLA, Nn. Sp.
(kaAAipvAXos, with beautiful wings).

6, 13 mm. Head yellow. Palpi yellow; second joint
irrorated with fuscous on external surface; terminal joint
with a subapical fuscous ring. Antennae fuscous with fine
yellowish annulations; ciliations in male 1. Thorax yellow.
Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous: tarsi annulated with ochreous-
whitish ; posterior pair wholly ochreous-whitish. Forewings

60

yellow; markings purple-fuscous ; a narrow outwardly-curved
fascia from } costa to 4 dorsum, not quite reaching dorsal
edge; a similar but complete fascia at 4; a third fascia,
broader and nearly straight, from % costa to dorsum before
tornus ; an apical spot extending to mid-termen; cilia yellow
with slight purple-fuscous irroration at tornus. Hindwings
and cilia pale-grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Caloundra, in August; one specimen.

MACHAERETIS DULCICULA, n. sp. (dulciculus, somewhat
sweet).

3, 9; 11-12° mm. Head and palpi pale-yellow.
Antennae grey; ciliations in male $. Thorax pale-yellow.
Abdomen pale-grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings pale-yellow; markings fuscous; a costal
streak to }; a narrow outwardly-curved fascia from +4 costa
o 2 dorsum ; a similar slightly broader fascia from costa beyond
middle to # dorsum; a narrow fascia from 2 costa obliquely
inwards, then acutely angled and produced longitudinally
nearly to termen, bent parallel to termen, but before tornus
bent inwards and running into second fascia ; eila pale-yellow.
Hindwings pale-grey ; cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor (4,000 feet), in Decem-
ber and January; eight specimens.

MACHAERITIS HYLOBITA, N. Sp.
(vAoBiros, Living in the woods).

3, 9; 11-12 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi dark-
fuscous, internal surface whitish-ochreous. Antennae grey : cili-
ationsin male 1. Thorax and abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs
fuscous ; posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-
oval, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen very obliquely
rounded; white with general fuscous irroration; costa and
termen ochreous-tinged; a triangular dark-fuscous spot on
base of costa; four fuscous discal dots, first in dise at 1,
second in disc above middle, third on fold obliquely below
and posterior to first, fourth in disc at }; a suffused fuscous
spot on costa beyond middle; cilia whitish-ochreous irrorated
with fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings lanceolate ; whitish-
grey; cilia whitish, bases ochreous tinged.

/1ab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; a series, in
October.

MACHAERETIS CHALICRATA, DN. sp.

(xaArkpatos, pure, unmixed).

gd, 92:13 mm. Head white: lower part of face in male
fuscous. Palpi white; outer surface of second joint fuscous

a

61

except at apex. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax
white. Abdomen pale-grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
whitish. Forewings white; costal edge at base dark-fuscous
in male; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia grey-whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, in August (male type) ;
Brisbane, in November ; two specimens.

MACHAERETIS POLYCAPNA, n. sp. (70AvKarvos, smoky).

36, 9;11 mm. Head fuscous; face whitish. Palpi fus-
cous; second joint with median and apical, terminal joint
with sub-basal and subapical whitish rings. Antennae fus-
cous ; ciliations in male 1. Thorax fuscous; apices of patagia
whitish. Abdomen dark-grey. Legs fuscous; tarsi with
whitish annulations. Forewings whitish with much dark-
fuscous irroration.; markings dark-fuscous ; an ill-defined basal
patch; a discal spot at 4, a second slightly beyond it on
fold, a third in middle, and a fourth at %, all more or less
connected by irroration with each other and with adjacent
costal and dorsal spots; an ill-defined apical blotch; cilia
whitish with dark-fuscous basal and median lines. Hind-
wings and cilia pale-grey.

/7ab.--Queensland: Brisbane, in December; Stradbroke
Island, in September: two specimens.

Ocystota oxyTona, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
PLG, Pp. 200.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

Ocysro.a. syMaLErA,) Turn. > /.c.,:1914,«p. 556.
Hab.—-New South Wales: Ebor.

' OCYSTOLA TANYTHRIX, Turn shews puoar.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

OcyYSTOLA PYROCHRYSA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1888, p. 1663.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October ; one specimen,
bred from a larva living in a case formed in a hollow twig.
The larva! habit given by Mr. Meyrick (apparently not on
his own authority) must be erroneous.

OcYSTOLA INNUMERA.
Coesyra innumera, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1888, p. 1660.
Antennal ciliations in male 3. Hindwings lanceolate.
Hab.—Queensland: Duaringa, Gladstone, Brisbane.

62

OCYSTOLA PROSELIA, nN. sp. (7poond.os, sunny).

3d, 12 mm. Head yellow. Palpi ochreous; terminal
joint fuscous. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in male 4.
Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous, beneath
ochreous. Legs ochreous partly suffused with grey. Fore-
wings narrow, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen
very oblique; bright-yellow; markings dark-fuscousy a
small basal fascia, connected by a costal streak with
a large blotch, which occupies apical #2 of wing,
its anterior edge straight, transverse; cilia dark-fuscous.
Hindwings lanceolate ; fuscous, suffused with ochreous tewards
base ; cilia fuscous.

Hab.—Queensland: Killarney, in Maweinber: one
specimen. |

OcyYSTOLA PACHYTHRIX, Nn. sp.
(raxvOpie, densely hairy, in allusion to the male antennae).

6, 15 mm: Head, thorax, and abdomen, “blackish
Palpi dark-fuscous, inner surface of second joint whitish-
ochreous. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in male 6. Legs
dark-fuscous, on ventral surface whitish-ochreous. Forewings
deep-yellow; markings dark-fuscous; a small basal fascia,
connected by a costal streak with a median fascia, moderately
broad, its anterior edge straight, slightly inwardly oblique ;
its posterior edge outwardly oblique; a terminal fascia con-
fluent with preceding on tornus; cilia dark-fuscous. Huind-
wings lanceolate; bronzy-fuscous; cilia fuscous.

Allied to O. placoxantha.

/lab.—Victoria: Beaconsfield, in October; one specimen.

OcYSTOLA ESTHLOPIS, n. sp. (€o@Awmis, of good appearance).

3d, 9; 11-14 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi with term-
inal joint long and slender (%); pale-yellow; second joint
sometimes with a fuscous subapical ring. Antennae pale-
yellow sharply annulated with blackish; in male serrate with
very long ciliations (6). Thorax pale-yellow, bases of patagia
fuscous. Abdomen grey; base and apical tuft ochreous-
whitish. Legs dark-fuscous; tarsi ochreous-whitish annu-
lated with dark-fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish.
Forewings elongate ; costa gently arched, apex rounded, ter-
men very oblique, scarcely rounded; pale-yellow, markings
dark-fuscous; a streak along costa from base to middle;
a fairly broad, inwardly oblique fascia from 4 costa to 4
dorsum ; a discal spot at 3, confluent with a broad subterminal
fascia ; cilia pale-yellow, at tornus grey. Hindwings lanceolate ;
grey-whitish, sometimes ochreous-tinged ; cilia concolorous.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in October ;
SIX specimens.

63

OcYSTOLA IDIOSTICHA, n. sp. (id:oortyos, with peculiar line).
3, 14-15 mm. Head and palpi pale-ochreous ; side-tufts
fuscous. Antennae pale-ochreous, towards base fuscous; cilli-
ations in male 3. Thorax and abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs
pale-ochreous; anterior pair slightly infuscated. Forewings
rather narrow, costa nearly straight, apex acute, termen
oblique; pale-ochreous ; a short basal costal fuscous streak; a
fuscous line from # costa to 3 termen, edged posteriorly by a
whitish line; a broad fuscous terminal line from apex nearly
to tornus: cilia pale-ochreous. Hindwings rather broadly
lanceolate ; pale-grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous or grey, at apex
darker.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in November; two
specimens.

OCYSTOLA PTOCHODES, n. sp. (rTwywdns, shabby).
3d, @; 11-18 mm. Head _ whitish-ochreous. Palpi
ochreous-whitish mixed with fuscous. Antennae grey-whitish ;
ciliations in male 4. Thorax pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish; anterior and middle pairs
mixed with fuscous. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa
scarcely arched, apex acute, termen straight, oblique; pale
ochreous-fuscous ; a faintly suffused darker spot in disc at 3 ;
and a greyish suffusion along termen; cilia ochreous-yellow,
at apex and anal angle pale ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings
elongate-ovate; ochreous-whitish or pale-greyish; cilia
ochreous-whitish.
Allied to O. acrorantha, Meyr., but a duller species,
readily distinguished by the ochreous head.
Hab.—-Queensland: Brisbane, from September to March ;
rather common.
OcYSTOLA ACROCOSMA, N. sp.
(axpoxoomos, with apical ornament).

Q, 12 mm. Head whitish-grey; face whitish-ochreous.
Palpi whitish-ochreous; terminal joint dark-fuscous.
Antennae whitish-grey. Thorax whitish-ochreous. Abdomen
grey, sides and apex ochreous-whitish. Legs grey mixed with
ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa scarcely
arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish-
brown-ochreous; a faintly darker discal dot in middle, a
second at }, and a third on fold below and anterior to first ;
a broad dark-fuscous band at apex, not reaching tornus;
cilia orange-ochreous, on tornus grey. Huindwings lanceolate ;
pale-grey ; cilia grey.

Somewhat like O. acroxantha, but forewings are pale in
colour, and less acute at apex, and the orange cilia extend
round the apex.

64

//ab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November
and February ; two specimens, of which one is in coll. Meyrick.

OcySTOLA XANTHOLOMA, n. sp. (favGoAwpos, yellow bordered).

d, 9; 11-16 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennae
white. Antennal ciliations in male 5. Abdomen ochreous-
whitish. Legs grey annulated with white; posterior pair
white. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex
acute, termen oblique, sinuate beneath apex; pale brownish-
grey; towards base suffused with whitish; faintly darker
discal dots at 4, before 4, and on fold obliquely beyond first ;
hindmarginal ‘edge purplish-fuscous; cilia bright-yellow, at
apex and tornus pale brownish-grey. Hindwings elongate-
ovate ; ochreous-whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

In Meyrick’s tabulation this falls with O. anthera, which
has pale ochreous-yellow forewings.

Hab.—-Queensland: Innisfail, in November; three
specimens.

OcYSTOLA PHAULOPIS, n. sp. (davrlwmis, of mean appearance).

3d, 9; 16-18 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi
ochreous-whitish mixed with dark-fuscous; second joint with
loose projecting scales at apex. Antennae ochreous-whitish ;
in male with long ciliations (6). Thorax pale-brownish.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior
and middle pairs mixed with fuscous. Forewings elongate,
costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen nearly straight, very
oblique; pale-brownish with a few scattered fuscous scales ;
a faint fuscous dot in disc at 4, a second larger in disc at 2,
and a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; cilia pale-brownish.
Hindwings elongate-ovate ; ochreous- whitish ; at apex greyish ;
cilia ochreous-whitish.

An obscure species. In -Meyrick’s tabulation it falls with
QO. comata, which has, however, lanceolate hindwings, and is
much smaller.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, from January to May;
four specimens.

OCYSTOLA EUCRAERA, n. sp. (evxparpos, well horned).

gd, 14 mm. Head dark-fuscous ; side-tufts and face pale
ochreous-yellow. Palpi pale ochreous-yellow ; terminal joint
and apex of second joint mixed with dark-fuscous. Antennae
dark-fuscous; unusually stout; ciliations in tufts, long (3).
Thorax pale ochreous-yellow, anteriorly mixed with dark-
fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous; apices of segments whitish-
ochreous; tuft ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior
and middle pairs mixed with dark-fuscous. Forewings

65

narrow-elongate, costa moderately arched; apex acute,
termen straight, extremely oblique; pale ochreous-yellow ;
markings ochreous-fuscous; a broad transverse fascia from
costa before middle to middle of dorsum; a second nar-
rower fascia from cesta at 3? to tornus; confluent at tornus
with a narrow terminal fascia ; cilia pale-fuscous. Hindwings
elongate-ovate ; dark-fuscous ; cilia dark-fuscous.

In Meyrick’s tabulation falls with O. ewanthes, which
has the head yellow and only two fasciae on forewings. :

f1ab.—Queensland : ‘Warwick and Dalby ; two specimens,
in April. ;

OCYSTOLA EMBOLISTIS, n. sp. (€uBodros, a wedge).

2,13 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae fuscous.
Thorax white; tegulae fuscous except at apex. Abdomen
whitish ; bases of segments fuscous or ochreous-fuscous. Legs
whitish; anterior pair mixed with -fuscous. Forewings
narrow-elongate, costa moderately arched, apex round:
pointed, termen obliquely rounded; white; a broad _ basal
dark-fuscous fascia, extending on costa to +, edge inwardly
oblique to near base of dorsum; posterior portion of disc,
bounded by a line from middle of costa to tornus, suffused
with fuscous; cilia whitish. Hindwings elongate-ovate ;
whitish-grey ; cilia whitish.

The wedge-shaped basal fascia is sufficient to distinguish
this species.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
one specimen.

OcYSTOLA MACROTRICHA, Nn. sp. (jaxpdrprxos, long haired).
$,14mm. Head, thorax, and palpi whitish mixed with
a few dark-fuscous scales. Antennae whitish; with very long
ciliations (8). Abdomen whitish; bases of segments fuscous.
Legs whitish; anterior and middle pairs irrorated with dark-
fuscous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa arched
at base, slightly concave in middle; apex round-pointed,
termen obliquely rounded ; grey-whitish with a few scattered
grey and dark-fuscous scales; a dark-fuscous dot in disc at 3,
a second before 3, a third on fold before first, and connected
by a dark suffusion with dorsum; a dark-grey suffusion con-
taining a few brownish scales beyond second dot; cilia whitish
mixed with grey and dark-fuscous. Hindwings elongate-
ovate; light-grey; cilia light-grey.
Apparently not nearly related to any other species. The
shape of forewings is peculiar.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August and September ;
two specimens.
D

66

OcyYSTOLA GLYCYDORA, n. sp. (yAvkvdwpos, with sweet gifts).

d, 13-15 mm. Head white; face fuscous. Palpi fus-
cous; terminal joint whitish. Antennae pale-fuscous; cilia-
tions 5. Thorax white; posterior third and apex of patagia
dark-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous ; tuft pale-ochreous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings
elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen oblique, slightly rounded; white; base nar-
rowly dark-fuscous ; a broad inwardly-oblique median ochreous
fascia, narrower and tinged with fuscous towards dorsum ; an
erect fascia from tornus, first fuscous, then ochreous, not
reaching costa; a fuscous apical spot connected by a reddish
suffusion with tornus; cilia pale-ochreous, at tornus fuscous.
Hindwings grey ; towards base thinly scaled, cilia grey.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney; one specimen, in
October ; from the collection of the late Dr. Dagnall Clarke.
Type in coll. Lyell. A second example from Queensland
(Brisbane), in March.

OcYSTOLA CLETHROSEMA, 0. sp.
(xAnOpoonpmos, marked with bars).

Q,17mm. Head snow-white. Palpi dark-fuscous ; apex
of second joint white. Antennae dark-fuscous. Thorax dark-
fuscous; a posterior spot and apices of tegulae white.
Abdomen grey. Legs dark-fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings narrow-elongate; costa shghtly arched,
apex acute, termen very obliquely rounded; snow-white ;
markings fuscous ; costal edge at base dark-fuscous; a streak
along costa from + to ?; a broad transverse fascia from costa
at 4 to middle of dorsum; a second similar fascia from costa
at 2 to tornus; a large apical spot continued to tornus, leaving
upper part of hindmargin white; cilia whitish mixed with
fuscous. Hindwings ovate-lanceolate; veins 3 and 4 con-
mate; grey; cilia grey.

Closely allied to O. niphodesma, but thorax is mostly
dark-fuscous, the spot on base of costa is absent, and the
hindmarginal fuscous band is much more developed.

Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in February; one
specimen.

OCYSTOLA TRICHOPHORA, N. sp.
(tpixopopos, hairy, in allusion to the antennae).

d, 13-14 mm. Head and thorax snow-white. Palpi
white ; second joint fuscous except at apex. Antennae white ;
towards apices greyish: ciliations very long (8). Abdomen
white. Legs whitish; anterior pair dark-fuscous. Forewings
elongate, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen slightly

67

sinuate, very oblique; white; markings dark-fuscous; a
slender transverse fascia from costa at 4 to dorsum before
middle, with a median posterior projection ; a discal dot at 3;
closely followed by a second fascia from costa at } to tornus ;
costal and terminal edge narrowly dark-fuscous; cilia dark-
fuscous with some whitish scales. Hindwings lanceolate ;
whitish ; apices tinged with grey ; cilia whitish.

Nearest to O. niphodesma, from which it may be dis-
tinguished by the longer antennal ciliations and wholly white
thorax.

Hab.—Queensland: Warwick and Killarney, in October ;
four specimens.

OcyYSTOLA AUCHMERA, Nn. sp. (aixpnpos, squalid).

dé, 9; 11-13 mm. Head and palpi ochreous-whitish.
Antennae pale-fuscous; ciliations in male very long (7).
Thorax whitish-ochreous, sometimes suffused with fuscous.
Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior
pair fuscous, tarsi annulated with whitish-ochreous. Fore-
‘wings elongate-oval, costa moderately arched, apex rounded,
termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-whitish more or less
irrorated with fuscous; markings fuscous; a spot on base of
costa sometimes reaching dorsum; a discal dot at 1, a second
beyond middle, and a third on fold below first; a suffused
spot, more or less developed, on costa at 3; a line from costa
before apex, sharply indented inwards beneath costa, and
continued close to termen to tornus (this is not always dis-
tinctly traceable) ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings ovate-
lanceolate; pale-grey; cilia pale-grey.

A somewhat variable but very obscure species, easily
overlooked.

Hab.—Queensland: Kurardca, Brisbane, Toowoomba,
from September to November; seven specimens.

OCYSTOLA CHRYSOIDES, n. sp. (xpucoedys, golden).

3, 16-17 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi _ yellow.
Antennae grey-whitish; ciliations in male very long (6).
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, apices of segments and tuft
whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous; anterior pair fuscous on
“inner aspect. Forewings oval, costa rather strongly arched,
apex rounded; termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-whitish ;
base suffused with yellow: costal edge orange from } to apex;
two broad orange-ochreous fasciae; first from mid-costa
narrowing to mid-dorsum: second subterminal, angled
anteriorly, touching apex and tornus, but leaving a narrow
strip of ground-colour on termen; cilia ochreous. Hindwings

D2

68

ovate; pale-grey, towards base whitish; cilia whitish with a
pale-grey basal line.

Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island, in September ;
two specimens, taken on swampy ground.

PAROCYSTOLA HAPLOPHARA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1915, p. 192.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
In the genus Parocystola the antennal pecten is absent.
The two species I have referred to it, though structurally
similar, are not closely allied.

PAROCYSTOLA LEUCOSPORA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 30.
/1ab.—Queensland: Brisbane.

HEMIBELA TYRANNA.

Ocystola tyranna, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1884,
p. 1066.
Hemibela trispora, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 136.
Antennal ciliations of male 23.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; South Australia: Quorn ;
Western Australia: Cunderdin. Widely distributed but
seldom seen in the imago. |

CoESYRA TRANSLATELLA.

Oecophora translatella, Walk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxx., p. 1029
Coesyra iozona, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1884,
pu oe.
Coesyra dicoela, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 29:

Hab.—Queensland: Stannary Hills, Brisbane; New
South Wales: Glen Innes, Sydney; Victoria: Melbourne.

CoESYRA SPECTABILIS, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 28.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane.

CoEsyRA I0DETA, Turn.: J.c., 1898, p. 211.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane.

CoESyYRA CHRYSOCOLLA, Turn.: /.c., 1896, p. 29.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in February and March ;
Rosewood, in September and March: Bunya Mountains, in
December.

CoOESYRA BATHROPHAEA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1914, p. 557.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

69

CogesyRA SYNECHES, Turn.: /.c., 1914, p. 558.
Hab.--New South Wales: Ebor.

CoESYRA HEMIPHRAGMA.
Coesyra hemiphragma, Meyr.: l.c., 1888, p. 1659.
Philobota sororia, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 210.
Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, Brisbane, Mount Tam-
bourine, Toowoomba; New South Wales: Sydney.

CoESYRA EURYZONA, n. sp. (eipv~wvos, broadly girdled).

3, 2; 14-15 mm. Head and palpi yellow. Antennae
fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous with a small yellow posterior
spot. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-
ochreous. Forewings slightly dilated, costa slightly arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; yellow; a narrow
dark-fuscous basal fascia, continued as a broad streak along
costa to #, where it terminates abruptly (this costal streak
is variable and sometimes obsolete, and represented only by
a few dark-fuscous scales); a purple-fuscous terminal band,
bounded by a scarcely curved, somewhat wavy line from
costa at # to dorsum at #2; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and
cilia dark-grey.

Somewhat variable in respect to the costal streak, of
which, however, some trace is visible in all the specimens I
have seen; in some it js very conspicuous. In Meyrick’s
tabulation it would fall with (. catoptima, Meyr., from which
it may be distinguished by the differently shaped hindmar-
ginal band, which is not mixed with yellow.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; nine specimens, taken in
January, February, and May.

CoESYRA PHAEOCEPHALA, 0. sp. (hatoxédados, with dusky head).

2, 13mm. Head fuscous. Palpi fuscous, inner sur-
face whitish. Antennae fuscous. Thorax and abdomen
fuscous. Legs fuscous: posterior pair partly ochreous-whitish ;
tarsi annulated with ochreous-whitish. Forewings yellow; a
small fuscous basal patch, narrowly and shortly produced on
costa; a broad fuscous-purple apical band, bounded by an
inwardly-curved line from % costa to 2 dorsum, a broad steely-
blue lustrous line on lower 3 of inner edge visible only in
oblique light; cilia fuscous. Hindwings ochreous-grey ; cilia
grey.

/lab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in December; one
specimen.

10

CoESYRA DELIcIA, n. sp. (delicius, charming).

3+, 12 mm. Head dark-fuscous; face ochreous-yellow.
Palpi ochreous-yellow; base of second joint dark-fuscous,
extreme apex of terminal joint dark-fuscous on external sur-
face. Antennae fuscous. Thorax bright-yellow. Abdomen
fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous; tarsi and posterior tibiae
annulated with whitish. Forewings dilated posteriorly, costa
rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely
rounded; bright-yellow; a_ broad tregusheone terminal
band without purplish tinge ; bounded by a slightly inwardly-
curved, wavy, dar k-fuscous edge from costa at 3 to dorsum
at 4; cilia ochreous- yellow, at anal angle fuscous. Hindwings
and cilia dark -grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (1,800 feet) ;
one specimen, taken in November in dense tropical forest.

CoESYRA TIMALPHES, n. sp. (tywaddys, precious).

3d, 16 mm. Head yellow. Palpi dark-fuscous; second
joint vellowish at base; terminal joint yellowish. Antennae
dark-fuscous. Thorax yellow; posterior third and apex of
patagia dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous. Legs dark-
fuscous ; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, not
dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen
straight, oblique; yellow; a dark-fuscous streak along costa
from base to 3; a rather broad dark-fuscous streak along
basal third of dorsum; a_purple-fuscous terminal band,
bounded by an inwardly-convex line from costa at 2 to etone
tornus; the middle third of this band is light “eilehcthe purple ;
cilia fuscous. Hindwings and cilia fuscous.

An elegantly-marked species, in Meyrick’s tabulation fall-
ing with (. catoptiema, Meyr., from which it may be dis-
tinguished by the yellow anterior portion of thorax.

/1ab.-—Victoria: Gisborne; one specimen, in December.

Typean coll. duyell.

CoESYRA EPIPLASTA, n. sp. (émizAactos, feigned, false).

3, Q@:14-16 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi pale-yellow,
outer surface with some fuscous irroration, especially towards
base. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 24. Thorax
fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; tuft pale-ochreous. Legs fus-
cous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings bright-
yellow: a moderate fuscous basal fascia; a large terminal
band, bounded by a tolerably straight or inwardly-curved
line, reddish-violet with fuscous irroration, sometimes con-
taining a central yellow spot; cilia reddish-violet, apical half
grey, with general sparse fuscous irroration. Hindwings and
cilia grey.

ral

In colour and pattern this so nearly resembles Tineu
arystidophoea, Meyr., as to suggest that it is a mimic of that
species.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, in September; Atherton;
two specimens.

CoESYRA LOCHMAEA, n. sp. (Aoxpatos, haunting the forest).

2,13 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi pale-yellow, fus-
cous externally towards base. Antennae ochreous-whitish
annulated with fuscous, towards base wholly fuscous. Thorax
fuscous with a pale-yellow posterior spot. Abdomen grey,
on dorsum suffused with ochreous, beneath whitish-ochreous.
Legs fuscous irrorated, and tarsi annulated, with whitish-
ochreous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings not
dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen
obliquely rounded; pale-yellow; markings fuscous; a streak
along costa to +; a dot in disc before middle, a second on fold
rather before first, and a third in dise beyond middle; a
broad suffused fascia from mid-costa to fold, connected with
dorsum at 3; a line from before apex at first inwardly curved,
then running along lower half of termen; a few scattered
fuscous scales in posterior half of disc; cilia pale-yellow.
Hindwings ovate-lanceolate; grey;. cilia grey.

Near phaeocosma, Meyr., from which it may be dis-
tinguished by the fuscous thorax.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in October; one
specimen.

CoESYRA DIADELA, n. sp. (d:adnA0s, conspicuous).

so, 18 mm. Head yellow. Palpi whitish-ochreous ;
second joint pale-fuscous, except towards base. Antennae
pale-fuscous; ciliations in male 25. Thorax yellow,

apex of patagia and a _ posterior spot purple-fuscous.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings bright-yellow; a narrow basal
purple-fuscous fascia, prolonged as a costal streak to beyond
middle ; a large terminal blotch limited by an inwardly-curved
line from @ costa to 2 dorsum, brownish-fuscous with two
violet-purple blotches and terminal line; cilia grey with apical,
subapical, and sub-basal fuscous lnes. Hindwings and cilia
rey.
Allied to euchrysa, Low., and catoptrina, Meyr., but
in the former the thorax is wholly fuscous, in the latter
fuscous anteriorly and yellow posteriorly. It differs from
both in the longer antennal ciliations.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September; one
specimen. ,

72

CoESYRA STENOTYPA, Nn. sp. (otevoru7os, narrowly marked).

gd, 19 mm. Head and thorax yellow. Palpi ochreous,
external surface of second joint towards base grey. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 1. Abdomen grey; tuft ochreous.
Legs grey; posterior pair mostly whitish-ochreous. Forewings
not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen
obliquely rounded ; yellow; costal edge at base dark-fuscous ;
a narrow, nearly straight, dark-fuscous fascia from % costa
to torrius; a dark-fuscous subapical costal spot giving off a
very fine subterminal line joining fascia at tornus; cilia
yellow, apices paler. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia pale-grey
with some ochreous suffusion.

Recognizable by the very narrow fascia, hardly more
than a line, and the slender subterminal line.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in January; one
specimen.

CoESYRA HAPLOGRAMMA, Nn. sp. (amA0ypappos, simply inscribed).

, 21-25 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-yellow. Palpt
dark- tices internal surface pale-ochreous. Antennae dark-
fuscous; ciliations in male %. Abdomen dark-grey. Legs
fuscous;: hairs on posterior tibiae ochreous-whitish. Fore-
wings ochreous-yellow; costal edge near base blackish; an
inwardly-curved, thick, blackish line from costa before apex
nearly to tornus; cilia ochreous-yellow. Hindwings grey ;
cilia pale-grey.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in January; locally
abundant at “‘Thompson’s T.cokout’’ (4,500 feet), but I took
only the one sex.

CoESYRA DISTICTA, n. sp. (dtorixtos, two-spotted).
dé, 9; 12-17 mm. Head pale ochreous-yellow. Palpi

e
whitish-ochreous; second joint fuscous on external surface
except towards apex. Antennae whitish-ochreous annulated
with pale-fuscous; ciliations in male 1}. Thorax fuscous,
sometimes narrowly yellow at posterior apex. Abdomen grey.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings
pale ochreous-yellow : markings fuscous ; a narrow basal fascia,
rarely obsolete; a minute discal dot before middle, and
another beneath it on fold, but these may be obsolete; a
fascia from % costa to tornus, usually rather narrow; its
anterior edge distinct, posterior edge somewhat suffused, often
constricted in middle; cilia pale ochreous-yellow. Hindwings
and cilia grey.

Shghtly variable; the discal dots are characteristic, but
are absent in about half the specimens: the difference is not
sexual.

73

Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in February ;
Queensland: Cairns, in August; Townsville, in August and
October; Eidsvold; nine specimens.

CoESYRA SILACEA, n. sp. (si/aceus, ochreous).

@, 15-16 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi_ whitish-
ochreous; second joint pale-fuscous on external surface
except towards apex. Antennae whitish-ochreous annulated
with pale-fuscous. Thorax pale’ ochreous-yellow, anterior
edge fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-ochreous ;
anterior pair fuscous. Forewings rather narrow; pale
ochreous-yeilow; a pale fuscous-brown line from % costa to
tornus, beyond which disc is more or less suffused with fus-
cous; cilia pale fuscous-brown. Huindwings and cilia grey.

Sunilar to the preceding, but the forewings are narrower
and the thorax mostly yellow.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; in November and Decem-
ber ; three specimens.

CoESYRA ZANCLOTYPA, Nn. sp. (EayxAdru7os, sickle-marked).
gd, 29; 19-24 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi fus-

cous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 14. Thorax
fuscous with a yellow posterior spot. Abdomen pale-ochreous.
Legs fuscous ; posterior pair ochreous. Forewings pale-yellow ;
markings purple-fuscous; a narrow basa] fascia, produced
along costa to + or more; a broad oblique bar from dorsum
before tornus, connected with a moderate terminal] fascia,
narrowing to a point at apex, and leaving a small pale-yellow
tornal spot; cilia fuscous, on costa and tornus pale-yellow.
Hindwings pale-ochreous suffused with pale-fuscous except
at base; cilia pale-ochreous sometimes suffused with grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April and May; Wes-
tern Australia: Cunderdin, in December; three specimens.
This species probably inhabits the plains of the interior right
across the continent.

CoESYRA GILVELLA, n. sp. (ygilvus, pale-yellow).

d,24 mm. Head pale-yellow. [Palpi broken.] Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 14. Thorax fuscous with a pale-
yellow posterior spot. Abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs pale-
fuscous ; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings pale-yellow ;
markings fuscous-brown; a large triangular spot on tornus,
its apex in middle of disc; a terminal line; cilia fuscous-
brown, on costa and apex pale-yellow. Huindwings and cilia
pale-ochreous.

74

Allied to the preceding but without sickle-shaped basal
fascia, and differing in other details.
Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April; one specimen.

CoESYRA THIODES. n. sp. (6e.#dys, sulphur-coloured).

3d, 18 mm. Head yellow. Palpi pale-yellow; external
surface of second joint fuscous towards base. Antennae grey ;
ciliations in male 1. Thorax pale-yellow. Abdomen grey,
apices of segments and tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous ;
posterior pair ochreous. Forewings pale-yellow; costal edge
at. base fuscous; an erect fuscous mark from tornus reaching
more than’ half across disc; cilia fuscous, on dorsum before
tornus yellowish. Hindwings pale-ochreous; costal part of
disc suffused with fuscous; cilia pale-ochreous.

HTab.-—-Western Australia: Cunderdin, in October; one
specimen, received from Mr. R. Illidge.

CoESYRA ACHRANTA, N. sp. (axpavros, unstained).
¢, 9; 15-16 mm. Head ochreous-whitish or whitish-

CSC» F
ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish; second joint pale-fuscous
externally except at apex. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in
male 1. Thorax ochreous-whitish or whitish-ochreous.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish, bases of segments pale ochreous-
fuscous. Legs pale-fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish.
Forewings ochreous-whitish ; costal edge at base dark-fuscous ;
cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings whitish, sometimes
shghtly suffused with pale-grey towards apex; cilia whitish.

Hab.—New South Wales: Tenterfield, in February ;
three specimens.

CoESYRA MONOIDES, n. sp. (jovoedys, of one kind, simple).

3, 12-21 mm. Head and thorax orange-ochreous. Palpi
ochreous ; external surface of second joint more or less fuscous
tinged. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 2. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous-grey ; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous;
posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings with apex
rounded ; orange-ochreous without markings; cilia ochreous.
Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish-ochreous.

Specimens from New England are considerably larger
(17-21 mm.) than those from the Darling Downs (14-16 mm.).

Hab.—Queensland: Toowoomba,.in April; New South
Wales: Glen Innes, in March and April; Ebor, in February.
Twenty-four specimens, all of male sex.

CoESYRA ASEMA, 0. sp. (doynpos, without marking).
¢, 9; 12-13 mm. Head and thorax ochreous. Palpi
ochreous, posteriorly whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in

—

i: <—s) . o

15
male 3. Abdomen grey-whitish, sometimes ochreous tinged.
Legs fuscous mixed with whitish; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa rather strongly arched,
apex pointed, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous; costal
edge at base very narrowly fuscous; cilia ochreous. Huind-
wings and cilia grey.

Very similar to the preceding, of which I should have
supposed it to be a smaller local race, but for the longer
antennal ciliations. Paler examples are very easily confused
with Fulechria homochroa, Turn., but here, independently
of the termination of vein 7, which is often difficult to deter-
mine with certainty, the antennal ciliations are much shorter.

/Tab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island, in October and
January : Coolangatta, in October; four specimens.

CoESYRA SPORETA, 1. Sp. (o7opytos, sown, sprinkled).

¢, 17-18 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi whitish with
sparse fuscous irroration. Antennae grey-whitish; ciliations
inmale 1s. Thorax grey-whitish, posteriorly ochreous tinged.
Abdomen pale-grey. Legs whitish irrorated with fuscous;
posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded; whitish-ochreous sparsely irrorated with fuscous ;

cilia whitish-ochreous, apices fuscous. Hindwings grey-
whitish; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in September; two

specimens, from Mr. F. P. Dodd.

ARISTEIS HEPIALELLA.

Oecophora hepialella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxx., p. 1033.

3, 9;19-25 mm. Head orange-brown. Palpi ochreous-
whitish: terminal joint fuscous externally and anteriorly.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax golden-yellow, with an orange-
brown median streak. Abdomen fuscous, apices of segments
paler; beneath ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous; anterior
tibiae and tarsi reddish-orange; middle tibiae reddish on
upper-surface. Forewings moderate, oblong, posteriorly
dilated, apex obtusely rectangular, termen rounded, slightly
oblique: golden-yellow partly, sometimes almost wholly
suffused with red; an oval outwardly-oblique spot from just
above dorsum at 4 reaching to half across disc, shining snow-
white, edged with orange-fuscous; a small triangular snow-
white spot on dorsum before tornus; a broad purple-fuscous
bar from centre of disc at 2 to tornus; its posterior edge
suffused with reddish ; a narrow reddish line along termen ; cilia
purple-fuscous. Hindwings dark-fuscous; cilia pale ochreous-
fuscous, with a fuscous basal line, sometimes wholly fuscous.

76

A very distinct but rather variable species. Type in
British Museum. The larvae form spiral cases of leaf-
fragments, feeding on eucalyptus saplings.

Hab.--Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in February ;
Queensland: Herberton, in January ; Townsville, in January ;
Brisbane, in November.

PLEUROTA CHRYSOPEPLA, Nn. sp. (ypuvoorerAos, In golden robe).

¢, 17 mm. Head yellow. Palpi yellow, lower half of
second joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 1.
Thorax fuscous, tegulae and patagia yellow. Abdomen fus-
cous. legs fuscous; posterior pair paler; tarsi with whitish
annulations. Forewings dilated posteriorly, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique; yellow
with lustrous-golden reflections; a fuscous costal streak from
base to 4+, on costal edge mixed with white; a fine white
median streak from near base to median fasciae; a similar
streak on fold; a fuscous streak on dorsum from base to
median fasciae; two narrow dark-fuscous fasciae mixed with
some white scales, inwardly oblique and roughly parallel, first.
from mid-costa to mid-dorsum, second from ? costa to beyond
? dorsum; a white subterminal line, edged posteriorly with
dark-fuscous, ending rather below middle of disc; cilia fus-
cous. Hindwings and cilia fuscous.

Hub.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in October; one
specimen.

PLEUROTA LEUCOGRAMMA, 0. Sp.
(Aevkdypappos, Inscribed with white).

3, 9;17-18 mm. Head and thorax grey, more or less
mixed with whitish. Palpi dark-grey mixed with white,
more so on internal surface ; external surface of terminal joint
white. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 1. Abdomen grey;
bases of segments ferruginous-brown. Legs fuscous; posterior
pair pale-grey. Forewings grey with more or less whitish
irroration or suffusion, often forming longitudinal streaks ;
some dark-fuscous scales in posterior part of disc, sometimes
forming short longitudinal streaks; cilia grey more or less
mixed with whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Variable in the extent of whitish suffusion.

Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, in November; Brisbane,
in December; Southport, in December; Stanthorpe, in
February ; five specimens.

PLEUROTA GYPSOSEMA, n. sp. (yuWooypos, chalk-marked).

Q@, 14-15 mm. Head white. Palpi white, anterior edge ,
of terminal joint and basal half of second joint fuscous.

dard
(i

Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous with a white anterior spot.
Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior pair fuscous.
Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen
strongly oblique; fuscous; a large white blotch on dorsum
from base to beyond middle, separated by a fuscous streak
from costa, its posterior edge outwardly oblique; costal edge
white ; a fuscous discal dot at 4, and a second at 2, with an
elongate white spot between them; a white blotch beyond
second discal spot extending from costa to middle of disc;
a white dot on dorsum before tornus; an interrupted white
subterminal line; cilia fuscous, apical halves white except on
costa, apex, and tornus, dorsal cilia ochreous-whitish. Hind-
wings and cilia grey.

H1ab.—Queensland: Nambour, in October; Mount Tam-
bourine, in October and November; Killarney, in November ;
eleven specimens, all females.

' PLEUROTA EPITRIPTA, Nn. sp. (ézitpittos, rubbed, worn).

3, 13-14 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous, external surface of second joint except apex, and
most of terminal joint, fuscous. Antennae grey; ciliations
in male 1. Thorax fuscous irrorated with whitish-ochreous.
Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous.
Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex
acute, termen strongly oblique; pale-fuscous densely irrorated
with whitish-ochreous ; a short inwardly-oblique fuscous streak
from tornus; cilia pale-fuscous irrorated with whitish-
ochreous. Hindwings and cilia grey.

In worn specimens the whitish-ochreous irroration may
be much denuded. Although so dissimilar I have a suspicion,
but no positive evidence, that this and the preceding may be
sexes. They are both “scrub’”’ insects, and taken in similar
localities.

Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, in September; Mount
Tambourine, in November; Coolangatta, in September and
October ; ten specimens, all males.

PLEUROTA LEUCONEURA, Ni. sp. (Aevxdvevpos, white-nerved).

Q, 20-21 mm. Head white. Palpi dark-fuscous; upper
surface of second joint white. Antennae whitish, towards
apex grey. Thorax dark-fuscous mixed with whitish.
Abdomen whitish. Legs greyish-fuscous; posterior pair
whitish. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex
acute, termen straight, very oblique; whitish irrorated with
dark-fuscous, which forms dark streaks between veins; cilia
whitish with a median grey line. Hindwings whitish; along
termen whitish-grey ; cilia whitish with a grey line near bases. .

78

Allied to P. tephrina, Meyr., ‘distinguishable by the
white head and hindwings.

Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne ; two specimens, taken in April
by Mr. G. Lyell.

CORETHROPALPA MELANONEURA.

Saropla melanoneura, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1884, p. 744.

Corethropalpa falcata, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 28.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Sydney ; Shoalhaven.

PROTOMACHA LEUCOPHARA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1914, p. 558.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

PROTOMACHA CATHARA, Turn.: l.c., p. 559.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

PROTOMACHA ANTHRACINA, 0. sp. (av@paxwos, coal-black).

Q, 14-17 mm. Head black; face with a few white scales.
Palpi black irrorated with white. Antennae black. Thorax
black. Abdomen grey, bases of segments on dorsum ochreous-
brown. Legs dark-fuscous irrorated with whitish; posterior
pair grey irrorated with whitish. Forewings not dilated,
costa rather strongly arched, apex acute, termen sinuate
oblique; black with fine white streaks and a few scattered
white scales; two fine parallel streaks from base to 4 disc, the
lower sometimes double; sometimes a fine subcostal streak,
and another on fold running into dorsum; cilia black with
several fine white bars. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Worn examples are merely fuscous, and the white mark-
ings lost.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and February ;

Stradbroke Island, in November and January; Southport, in

February ; six specimens.

PROTOMACHA STRAMINEA, n. sp. (stramineus, straw-coloured).

3d, 12 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous, second joint with basal half and a subapical ring
dark-fuscous. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male not
quite 1. Thorax pale-ochreous. Abdomen grey. Legs
whitish-ochreous; anterior pair grey. Forewings rather
narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded ; pale-ochreous ; an erect fuscous line from
tornus reaching slightly beyond middle of disc; cilia with
basal half pale-ochreous, apical half grey. Hindwings and
cilia pale-grey.

tlt i dl ee le el

—,

79

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in. November; _ one

specimen.
ATHEROPLA PSAMMODES.
Saropla psammodes, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 211.
only known. Extremely similar to A. melichlora,

but the dot on fold is distinctly posterior to first discal dot;
there is an additional subcostal discal dot beyond the first,
and the postmedian discal dot is double.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane.

ANTIOPALA EBENOSPILA, 0. sp. (éfevoomAos, with ebony spots).

d, 12-14 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish, basal 4 and
a subapical ring on second joint, a sub-basal ring and extreme
apex of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations
in male 5. Thorax whitish, a spot on base of palpi partly
dark-fuscous, partly ochreous. Abdomen whitish, bases of
segments sometimes ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; tibiae
and tarsi annulated with ochreous-whitish; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrow, costa gently arched,
apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-
whitish with some ochreous-fuscous irroration; markings
black ; a basal costa! dot and another on dorsum near base ;
a spot. on 4 costa, and another larger on mid-costa; a dot in
disc at 4, a second beneath it on fold sometimes connected
suffusedly with dorsum, a third below middle, a fourth before
2; a line of dots from # costa, angled inwards beneath costa,
and continued close to termen to tornus; cilia ochreous-
whitish. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia grey.

The second joint of palpi is shorter than in the type
species, A. tephraea, Meyr., otherwise it agrees. There is no
antennal pecten.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in September ;
Southport, in August; four specimens.

Gen. TRACHYZANCLA, nov.
(tpaxvéaykXos, with rough sickles [palpi]).

Palpi with second joint very loyg (about twice length of
face), slightly roughened anteriorly” "posteriorly towards apex
expanded with long rough hairs; terminal joint about },
slender. Antennae with moderate basal pecten ; in male with
rather long ciliations. Thorax smooth. Forewings with 2
and 3 stalked, 7 to termen.

Allied to Chezala, from which it differs in the peculiarly
roughened palpi. The type species in its peculiar colouring
shows a remarkable resemblance to Hochrois magniferella, a
species which is structurally very different, and inhabits the
furthest extremity of the continent.

80

TRACHYZANCLA HISTRICA, n. sp. (histricus, like an

actor or imitator).

3, 20mm. Head whitish. Palpi pale-reddish ; terminal
joint whitish with fuscous apex. Antennae pale-grey, at base
whitish; ciliations in male 3. Thorax whitish spotted with
pale-reddish. Abdomen grey, apices of segments and tuft
whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair grey; anterior coxae
and femora reddish. Forewings moderately elongate, not
dilated, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen slightly
sinuate, oblique; whitish with four fasciae, fuscous and well
defined posteriorly, reddish and suffused anteriorly ; first from
near base of costa, outwardly oblique, becoming indistinct
before dorsum; second from 4 costa to 2 dorsum, nearly
straight; third from 3% costa to tornus, more fuscous with
less reddish admixture ; fourth from 2 costa to termen above
tornus, reddish posteriorly as well as anteriorly; a reddish
subapical spot edged above and beneath with fuscous; cilia
whitish, reddish tinged, at apex narrowly reddish-fuscous.
Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin, in December; one
specimen, from Mr. R. Iilidge.

CHEZALA ABSONA, n. sp. (absonus, out of tune).

Q, 16mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi pale-ochreous,
lower % of external surface of second joint fuscous. Antennae
pale ochreous-grey. Thorax dark-fuscous; a small posterior
pale-ochreous spot. Abdomen dark-fuscous. Legs pale-
ochreous ; anterior pair slightly infuscated. Forewings rather
narrow, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen straight, oblique ; dark-fuscous with ochreous-
whitish markings; a large quadrangular spot on dorsum near
base reaching # across disc; a moderate fascia from mid-
costa to before tornus, expanded on costa, somewhat con-
stricted below middle; a small subapical costal spot; a larger
subterminal central spot; cilia fuscous, apices grey. Hind-
wings and cilia grey.

Very different in apyearance from other species, but
agreeing structurally.

J Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River, in February ;
one specimen, from Mr. G. F. Hill.

CHEZALA ALEURIAS, n. sp. (aAevpov, flour).
’ p

¢, 15-17 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish, some fuscous
scales on outer surface of second joint. Antennae grey,
towards bases white; ciliations in male 6. Thorax
white. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. “Legs ochreous-whitish ;

81

anterior pair except coxae dark-fuscous. Forewings oval,
costa moderately arched, apex rounded; termen obliquely
rounded; white: markings fuscous; a median discal
doplab' 4, “a second before 4; and a third on fold
below and posterior to first; an inwardly-curved, rather
broad streak from before apex to second discal dot; cilia
fuscous-whitish. ‘Hindwings ovate-lanceolate ; whitish; cilia
whitish.

Q, 18-20 mm. As male, but forewings with markings
less distinct, and with more or less general fuscous irroration,
the apical streak obsolete.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, from September to Novem-
ber, and again in April; a series, received from Mr. F. P.

Dodd.

CHEZALA SILVESTRIS, n. sp. (silvestris, of the woods).

36, 15-18 mm.; Q, 18-24 mm. Head ochreous-whitish.
Palpi whitish ; second joint fuscous except at apex. Antennae
grey-whitish; ciliations in male 23. Thorax pale-grey.
Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair
fuscous. Forewings not dilated, costa moderately arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-grey-
whitish ; a fuscous dot in disc before 4, a second beyond it on
fold, and a third in disc before 3; a subterminal row of fuscous
dots, often faintly marked ; cilia concolorous. Hindwings and
cilia grey-whitish.

Very similar to some species of Hulechria, and as the
apex is rounded, and vein 7 terminates just beneath, it might
be confused with them. The stalking of veins 2 and 3 is a
great help in recognition.

Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, Brisbane, Stradbroke
Island, Mount Tambourine, and Coolangatta; taken com-
monly in tropical forest from September to April.

CHEZALA TORPIDA, n. sp. (torpidus, sluggish).

QO, 19-26 mm. Head, palpi, and antennae whitish.
Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen grey; sides whitish. Legs
whitish; anterior pair mixed with fuscous. Forewings
elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately
arched; apex round-pointed, termen oblique, scarcely
rounded ; veins 2 and 3 stalked; grey-whitish; a dark-grey
suffusion between fold and inner margin; an oblique suffused
grey fascia from costa at 2 to tornus, posteriorly ill-defined ;
a grey suffusion along termen, sometimes connected suffusedly
with -fascia; cilia whitish, at tornus dark-grey. Hindwings
and cilia whitish-grey.

82

Taken at rest on foliage, the male not observed. Inhabits
tropical scrub.

Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island, in January;
Coolangatta, in November and December; Mount Tam-
bourine, in November; six specimens.

PHILOBOTA LONCHOTA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 23.

Near P. xiphostola, Meyr. Antennal ciliations in male 1.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Stradbroke Island, South-
port, Rosewood.

PHILOBOTA PERIXANTHA, Turn.: l.c., p. 24.

Antennal ciliations in male 2.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Stradbroke Island, Mount
Tambourine, Coolangatta, Toowoomba. A common autumnal
species.

PHILOBOTA HYDARA.
ae hydara, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1883,
9. 494.
Philobota orphnites, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 24.

Antennal ciliations in male 2.

Hab.—Queensland: Duaringa, Brisbane, Mount Tam-
bourine, Toowoomba, Warwick. A common autumnal species.

PHILOBOTA ORPHNAEA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 24.

Antennal ciliations in male 13.
/iab.—Queensland: Kuranda, Brisbane, Stradbroke
Island, Rosewood.

PHILOBOTA LUNATA, Turn.: l.c., p. 25.

Peltophora leucoplaca, Low.: ¢.c., 1897, p. 53..

Antennal ciliations in male 1.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Too-
woomba.

PHILOBOTA AURICEPS.

Conchylis auriceps, Butl.: A. M. N. H., 1882.

Philobota awriceps, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1883, p. 478.

Philobota chrysanthes, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 25.

Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, Stanthorpe ; New South
Wales: Murrurundi, Sydney, Bathurst; Victoria: Mel-
bourne, Beaconsfield, Gisborne; Tasmania: Hobart; South
Australia: Mount Lofty.

PHILOBOoTA sopHIA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 26.

Antennal ciliations in male 2. j
Hab.—Queensland: Warwick, Stanthorpe; New South
Wales: Glen Innes, Armidale.

|

,
)
|
|
|

83

PHILOBOTA OCULARIS, Turn.: l.c., p. 26.
Hab.—Queensland: Charters Towers.

PHILOBOTA THEORICA.

Peltophora theorica, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1884, p. 729. :
Compsotropha chrysozona, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 27.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Murrurundi.

PHILOBOTA MELICHRODES, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 209.

Antennal ciliations in male 3.
/7ab.—Queensland: Nambour, Caloundra, Brisbane.

PHILOBOTA CARPHALFEA.

Peltophora carphalea, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1884, p. 731
Philobota cosmia, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 209.

Hab. — Queensland: Duaringa, Gympie, _ Brisbane,
Southport. .
PHILOBOTA OSTEOCHROA.
Peltophora osteochroa, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 210.
Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, Coolangatta,
Toowoomba, Killarney.

PHILOBOTA AUREOLA.
Peltophora aureola, Turn.: l.c., 1898, p. 211.
Antennal ciliations in male 2. Near subpunctella, Wlk.,
which has darker hindwings and shorter antennal ciliations.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine.

PHILOBOTA ALYPA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1914, p. 560. ;

Antennal ciliations in male 4.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

PHILoBoTa 1somoraA, Turn.: /.c., 1915, p. 193.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.

PHILOBOTA SORDIDELLA.
Female. Cryptolechia sordidella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. 755.
Male. Peltophora psammochroa, Low.: ante, 1894, p. 97.
Antennal ciliations in male 3. The female has narrower
forewings than the male.

84

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in June, July, and
August; Toowoomba, in September; a winter species.

PHILOBOTA MYSTICODES, n. sp. (yvorixwdys, mystical).

Q, 14 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae grey-
whitish. Thorax white, patagia and a large posterior spot
orange. Abdomen white, bases of segments on dorsum, except
of the first three, brownish-ochreous. Legs white. Forewings
rather broad, slightly dilated, costa arched in basal half,
thence straight, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique ;
snow-white with bright-orange spots and dots; a sub-basal
median spot with several minute dots) between it and basal
part of costa; a spot on dorsum at 2; a discal dot before
middle; a lar oe tornal spot produced narrowly half-way across
disc ; many minute dots, often not more than single scales,
in costal and terminal parts of disc; cilia white irrorated
with orange. Hindwings and cilia white.

Not like anything else.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in January; one specimen.

PHILOBOTA PANDORA, Nn. Sp. (ravdwpos, all-bounteous).

3, 9; 30-32 mm. Head and thorax grey. Palpi grey,
slightly reddish-tinged, terminal joint fuscous, at base
whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 4. Abdomen
ochreous-brown “irrorated with whitish; apices of segments
and tuft whitish; under-surface grey. Legs, anterior pair
fuscous, reddish-tinged; middle pair grey, reddish-tinged ;
posterior pair whitish, reddish-tinged. Forewings elongate,
dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen straight, rounded beneath, moderately
oblique; grey more or less suffused with red ; costal edge red ;
a terminal band bounded by a fuscous line from 4 costa very
obliquely outwards, then strongly rounded and bent down-
wards parallel to termen to oe whitish-red ; sometimes a
fuscous-reddish discal spot at 4, and another at #; cilia grey,
toward apex of wing suffused with reddish. Huindwings grey-
whitish with slight reddish suffusion towards apex; cilia
whitish, at apex of wing suffused with reddish-grey. Under-
side of forewings grey with a broad reddish streak around
costa and termen ; of hindwings grey-whitish with a reddish
suffusion at apex.

Hab.—Tasmania: Cradle Mountain (3,000-3,500 feet), in
January ; two specimens, received from Mr. R. J. Tillyard.
The first-fruits of the Central Tasmanian mountains. Of .
these the female is in coll. Lyell.

85

PHILOBOTA LEUCOCOSMA, n. sp.
(Aevkoxoopos, decorated with white).

3, 19-22 mm. Head dark-fuscous, side-tufts ochreous.
Palpi dark-fuscous, inner and posterior surfaces pale-ochreous.
Antennae dark-fuscous ; ciliations in male 3}. Thorax dark-
fuscous, apices of patagia and two posterior spots ochreous.
Abdomen dark-fuscous ; apices of segments and tuft ochreous.
Legs dark-fuscous partly mixed with ochreous; posterior pair
mostly ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa straight except
near hase and apex, apex round-pointed, termen straight,
oblique, rounded beneath ; dark-fuscous ; a costal streak from
. base to 4, ochreous-whitish mixed with ochreous; some
ochreous irroration on costa beyond this; four ochreous-
whitish blotches; first on 4 dorsum reaching 4 across disc;
second slightly before middle, not reaching either margin;
third forming a fascia, constricted or interrupted in middle,
from 2 costa to tornus; fourth subapical, roughly triangular ;
cilia fuscous, on apex and upper half of termen apices whitish-
ochreous. Hindwings dark tawny-fuscous; cilia pale-ochreous,
beneath apex partly grey.

_ Apparently belonging to the argutella group.

Hab.—Western Australia: Waroona, in October; two
specimens, received from Mr. R. Illidge.

PHILOBOTA XANTHOPREPES, Nn. Sp.
(favOorpéerns, distinguished by yellow).

3, 17-18 mm. Head yellow. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface whitish-ochreous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in
male 3. Thorax yellow with a large anterior dark-fuscous
spot. Abdomen fuscous; tuft ochreous. Legs fuscous; pos-
terior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings scarcely dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded ; dark-fuscous with yellow markings; a. broad fascia
at {, not quite reaching dorsal edge; a broad bar from 3 costa
obliquely inwards, joining an erect mark from dorsum before
tornus, to form an irregular fascia; a spot midway between
this and mid-termen ; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia
dark-fuscous.

Hab. — Queensland: Herberton, in January and
February; three specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.

PHILOBOTA DIACRITA, N. Sp. (duaxpitos, distinguished)

Q, 22mm. Head grey mixed with pale-ochreous. Palpi
fuscous; apex of second joint pale-ochreous; inner surface
mixed with pale-ochreous. Antennae fuscous with some
whitish-ochreous irroration. Thorax fuscous, apices of patagia

86

and lateral margins narrowly pale-yellow. Abdomen fuscous,
lateral margins and tuft pale-ochreous, third to eighth seg-
ments brownish-ochreous with apices grey. Legs ochreous
with fuscous irroration. Forewings elongate, not dilated,
costa straight except near base, apex round-pointed, termen
straight, oblique; dark-fuscous with yellow irroration and
spots; two elongate spots on fold; a subcostal spot at 4 and
another, rather larger and quadrangular, before %:; a sub-
apical costal dot extending into cilia ; several subterminal dots
between this and tornus; cilia dark-fuscous, apices yellowish
except on tornus. Hindwings dark-grey; cilia dark-grey,
apices yellowish tinged in apical part of wing, on costa pale-
yellowish.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in January; one.
specimen.

PHILOBOTA THERMOPHANES, N. sp.
(Geppodpavns, warmly coloured).

3, 9; 16-18 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi dark-
fuscous ; second joint with apex and a spot on inner surface
whitish ; terminal joint whitish except anteriorly. Antennae
dark-fuscous; ciliations 24. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen
dark-fuscous. Legs yellowish mixed with dark-fuscous.
Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa
slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen’ oblique, slightly
rounded ; dark-fuscous with whitish-ochreous spots; a large
squarish spot on dorsum near base not quite reaching costa;
two triangular spots on costa before middle, and at ?; a
vertically elongate oblong spot on dorsum at }, its upper end
indented by a blackish discal spot; one or two small suffused
spots near termen; cilia dark-fuscous, in middle of termen
and beneath tornus pale-ochreous. Hindwings dark-fuscous ;
towards base orange-ochreous; cilia dark-fuscous.

Hab.—Queensland: Stannary Hills; Townsville, in
August and October; four specimens.

PHILOBOTA MIMETIS, Nn. sp. (pupytis, an imitator).

6, 9; 11-14 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi fuscous,
anterior and inner surfaces of second joint partly whitish-
ochreous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 24. Thorax
dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous on dorsal,
whitish-ochreous on ventral surfaces. Forewings narrow-
elongate, costa nearly straight, apex acute, termen slightly
rounded, strongly oblique; fuscous; a small basal fuscous
fascia produced along costa; succeeding this a broad bright-
yellow fascia not quite reaching costa, suffused yellow spots
in middle of disc, on dorsum before tornus, on costa before

87

apex, and before termen, more distinct in male; cilia fuscous,
on termen ochreous. Huindwings and cilia dark-grey.

Very similar to basiplaga and proximella, but smaller
with narrower forewings.

Hab.—Queensland: Eumundi, near Nambour, in Novem-
ber; three specimens.

PHILOBOTA LOCHITIS, n. sp. (Aoxiz1s, a comrade).

OQ, 17 mm. [Head and thorax rubbed.|] Face white.
Palpi white; base of second joint pale-fuscous. Antennae
fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Legs fuscous, annulated with
ochreous-whitish ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings
moderate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen oblique, scarcely rounded ; snow-white, mark-
ings dark-fuscous ; a narrow basal fascia; a broad fascia from
middle of costa, expanding on dorsum from $ to tornus; a
large somewhat triangular spot in apical part of disc, not
touching either margin; two smali dots between this and
tornus; cilia whitish, on costa and anai angle dark-fuscous.
Hindwings and cilia grey.

Certainly allied to P. alypa, Turn.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (1,800 feet) ;

one specimen, in February.

PHILOBOTA EUCRITA, Nn. sp. (ev«pitos, distinct).

Q,19mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Paipi whitish ; base
of second joint and anterior surface of terminal joint fuscous.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen with
basal third grey; remainder pale-ochreous but bases of seg-
ments on dorsum ochreous-brown, Legs fuscous; posterior
pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique; white
with four transverse brown fuscous fasciae; first sub-basal,
joined by a costal streak to remaining three fasciae; second
before middle, slightly inwardly oblique, connected on
dorsum with third fascia; third beyond middle, transverse,
outwardly curved; fourth from costa before apex to tornus,
strongly inwardly curved, confluent in middle with third
fascia; a suffused triangular spot on termen; cilia fuscous,
bases partly white. Huindwings pale-ochreous suffused with
pale reddish-brown towards margins; cilia grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October ; one specimen.

PHILOBOTA DELOSEMA, n. sp. (d7Aconpos, plainly marked).
3,21 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous, apex of second
joint and posterior surface of terminal joint white. Antennae
fuscous; ciliations in male 14}. Thorax white, anterior margin

88

dark-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey; tuft pale-ochreous. Legs
dark-fuscous ; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings rather
narrow, not dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed,
termen very obliquely rounded ; white ; markings dark-fuscous ;
costal edge at base dark-fuscous; a fine short Subcostal streak
at base; a transverse fascia before middle, dilated on both
margins but especially on costa; a large transverse oval spot
at %, connected with a sinuous fascia from apex to tornus;
a fine terminal line; cilia white, on costa fuscous, at tornus
grey. Hindwings and cilia pale-grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in November; one
specimen.

PHILOBOTA ORTHOMITA, n. Sp. (6pGopuTos, with straight thread).

3, 17-21 mm. Head white; face more or less suffused
with pale-fuscous. Palpi white; anterior surface pale-fuscous.
Antennae grey with scattered whitish scales. Thorax white.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; apices of segments, tuft, and
scattered scales whitish. Legs fuscous, posterior pair whitish.
Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched,
apex round-pointed, termen straight, very oblique; white;
costal edge near base fuscous; a pale-fuscous line from base

mear costa to costa at @; cilia white. UHindwings and cilia -

white.

In Meyrick’s tabulation falls with P. monogramma,
Meyr., distinguished by the basal streak being longer, and
the absence of a discal streak.

Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne, in October; six specimens.
Type in coll. Lyell.

PHILOBOTA ORTHOTOMA, n. sp. (6pG0Topmos, straightly divided).

3, 21-25 mm. Head white. Palpi white; second joint
with external and apical half of anterior surface fuscous.
Antennae whitish ; ciliations in male 2. Thorax white; collar
and tegulae pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous ; bases
of segments ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior
and middle pairs fuscous anteriorly. Forewings elongate-
oval, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched,
apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; white;
base of costal edge fuscous; a pale ochreous-fuscous streak
along costa almost to apex; a second similar streak through
disc from base to apex; a fine inwardly-oblique line connect-
ing streaks at @; cilia white. Hurdwings pale-grey; cilia
whitish-ochreous.

Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near Brisbane, in April;
Warwick, in March and April; twelve specimens.

89

PHILOBOTA DIAERETA, n. sp. (d.aiperos, divided).

3, 28-30 mm.; 9, 22-24 mm. Head white; sides of
face fuscous. Palpi white ; external surface of second joint,
except apex, fuscous. Antennae whitish-grey, towards base
whitish ; ciliations in male 14. Thorax white; patagia, except
apex, fuscous. Abdomen whitish, bases of segments fuscous.
Legs fuscous ; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, =
male somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa straight in basal 2,
then arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
white ; costal edge at base fuscous; a subcostal fuscous streak
from base of costa to apex; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia
white. '

One of the agnesella group; it is nearest physaula, but
the forewings are whiter, the subcostal streak darker and
sharply defined throughout, without any tendency to forking.

Hab.—Queensland: Toowoomba, in October; Warwick,
in October; four specimens.

PHILOBOTA AGNESELLA.

4

Oecophora agnesella, Newm.: Tr. E. S., iii. (n. s.), p. 297;
mec Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1883, p. 493.

dg, 21-30 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous; extreme
base and apex of second joint and terminal joint, except
anterior, surface, white. Antennae whitish; ciliations in
male J]. Thorax white; tegulae mixed with pale-fuscous.
Abdomen whitish-grey; bases of segments ochreous-fuscous ;
tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs dark-fuscous; posterior tibiae
and tarsi ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-oval, not
dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen
very obliquely rounded; white; with pale ochreous-fuscous
streak; extreme base of costal edge blackish; a broad streak
from base to apex, bifurcating in disc at #, the upper branch
running to costa at £; a fine streak from base beneath fold,
_ lost before tornus; a series of short fine streaks near termen,
parallel to veins; cilia white. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Killarney, in October and November ;
New South Wales: Glen Innes, in October; Victoria,
Melbourne.

PHILOBOTA AGRAPHA, 0. sp. (aypados, without markings).

d, 23-25 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi grey,
inner surface paler.. Antennae grey-whitish; ciliations in
male 24. Thorax ochreous-grey-whitish, bases of patagia
pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs grey; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly
shightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed,
termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-grey-whitish ; costal

90

edge at base fuscous; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish. Hindwings
and cilia whitish-grey .

Very similar to lithochlora, which is of a different shade
of grey, and at once distinguished by the male antennal
eiliations, which are less than 1.

Hab.—New South Wales: Glen Innes, in March and
April; nine specimens.

PHILOBOTA CERATOCHROA, Nn. sp. (Kepatoxpoos, horn-coloured).
Q, 22 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-

oe)
whitish, lower half of external surface of second joint grey.
Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous, apices of patagia and a
posterior spot fuscous-whitish. Abdomen grey, apices of
segments mixed with ochreous. Legs grey; posterior pair
partly whitish-ochreous. Forewings moderately broad, not
dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen
obliquely rounded; pale fuscous-brown; cilia fuscous, on
costa and tornus pale-brown. Hindwings and cilia grey.

/1ab.—Queensland: Toowoomba (Harlaxton Scrub), in
October ; one specimen.

PHILOBOTA ENCHALCA, n. sp. (€yxaAxos, brazen).

3d, 9; 26-29 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi dark-
fuscous; inner surface partly whitish. Antennae fuscous ;
ciliations in male 1}. Thorax fuscous, central area suffused
with ochreous-whitish. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases of seg-
ments suffused with fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous; posterior
pair pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa
gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded;
ochreous-fuscous or brassy-fuscous, in female more fuscous ;
markings whitish; a broad costal streak from base to }; a
broad streak along fold from base to tornus, interrupted in
middle, a broad subcostal streak from before end of costal
streak to # costa, interrupted at 3 of disc, its first segment
containing a central dot; a spot above tornus, and another
between this and termen; some whitish irroration on termen ;
cilia pale-grey. Hindwings grey; cilia pale-ochreous.

Hab.—New South Wales: Glen Innes (3,500 feet), in
March ; Ben Lomond (4,500 feet), in January ; four specimens.

PHILOBOTA BORBORODES, n. sp. (BopBopwdns, muddy).

3, 22-23 mm. Head and thorax reddish-brown. Palpi
fuscous, inner surface reddish-brown. Antennae grey; cili-
ations in male 1}. Abdomen reddish-brown, towards base
with some fuscous suffusion. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
whitish-ochreous. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa gently

ee OO a EE

91

arched, apex pointed, termen nearly straight, oblique; pale
reddish-brown; a pale-fuscous discal dot at 3; cilia pale
reddish-brown. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (5,000 feet),
in January ; two specimens.

PHILOBOTA METRIA, n. sp. (mérpvos, mcderate, average).

meee 5 (18-19 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi
white; second joint sometimes fuscous anteriorly except at
apex; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antennae grey,
towards base white. Abdomen whitish; ciliations in male 3.
Legs fuscous: posterior pair whitish. Forewings narrow-
elongate ; costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen very
obliquely rounded; white, markings dark-fuscous; a dot in
dise at 4, a second in disc before 3, a third on fold beneath
first, and a fourth between second, with which it is some-
times confluent, and tornus; a well-marked line from costa
at 2, abruptly bent beneath costa, and continued close to
termen to tornus; a few fuscous scales, or a narrow fuscous
line along termen; cilia white, with traces of a median
fuscous line. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia white.

Near P. hapala, Meyr., but Mr. Meyrick regards it as
distinct. It may be distinguished by the white thorax.

Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne, in December and January.
Type in coll. Lyell.

PHILOBOTA HILDA, N. sp.

dé, 9; 19-21 mm. Head yellow. Palpi fuscous mixed
with whitish. Paipi fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous with a
few whitish scales; a pair of postmedian spots and apices of
tegulae yellow. Abdomen dark-ochreous; apices of segments
whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior pair dark-
fuscous. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched, apex
round-pointed, termen oblique, scarcely rounded; whitish
tinged with yellowish towards costa, and with a yellow
suffusion at base of dorsum; mixed with dark-fuscous, which
forms suffused markings; a short broad streak along basal
third of costa; discal dots indicated, first dot connected with
that on fold and with dorsum at 4; a broad inwardly-oblique
streak from costa beyond middle, and a second from apex,
both suffusedly connected with posterior discal dots and
tornus ; cilia whitish, at apex and anal angle fuscous. Hind-
wings pale-ochreous; a small grey suffusion at apex, cilia
pale-ochreous.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
four specimens.

92

PHILOBOTA EUCTISTA, 1. sp. (evxtiacTos, well-wrought).

2,16 mm. Head yellow. Palpi pale-ochreous, anterior
surface of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Thorax
purple-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; legs fuscous; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish with some fuscous admixture; posterior
tarsi fuscous with ochreous-whitish annulations. Forewings
not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen
nearly straight, oblique; yellow; markings purple-fuscous; a
narrow basal fascia slightly produced on both margins; a
moderately and equably broad fascia from costa just beyond
middle to dorsum just before tornus ; a narrow terminal fascia
joining this at tornus; cilia purple-fuscous, apices whitish-
ochreous except on costa, apex, and tornus. Huindwings and
cilia grey.

fflab.—Queensland: Herberton, in January; one speci-
men, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.

PHILOBOTA CNECOPIS, n. sp. (KvyKwmes, pale-yellow).

3d, 16 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi ‘pale-yellow,
anterior surface of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae dark-
grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax purple-fuscous, a very
small posterior pale-ochreous spot. Abdomen grey, apices of
segments and tuft pale-ochreous. Legs pale-ochreous ; anterior
pair fuscous. Forewings rather narrow, not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded; pale-yellow with purple-fuscous markings; a small
basal fascia; a moderate fascia from # costa to # dorsum; a
small terminal fascia suffusedly connected with preceding on
costa and dorsum; cilia whitish-yellow. Huindwings grey;
cilia whitish-yellow.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin; one specimen,
received from Mr. S. F. Hill.

PHILOBOTA MEGALOXANTHA, HN. sp. (ueyadcgavOos, large yellow).

3, 9@;30 mm. Head deep yellow. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface mixed with whitish-ochreous. Antennae fuscous;
ciliations in male 13. Thorax purple-fuscous ; apices of patagia
and posterior margin yellow. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases
of segments on dorsum ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; pos-
terior pair ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa moderately
arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
yellow ; markings purple-fuscous ; a fine streak on costa reach-
ing to %, thickened and not quite extending to edge in pos-
terior part; a large dorsal blotch from 4 nearly to tornus,
subtriangular, with a rounded apex at % of disc from base;
a terminal band from beneath apex to above tornus,

93

connected with preceding above tornus, leaving a yellow tornal
spot ; cilia on costa yellow, on apex and tornus fuscous, on
termen purple-fuscous with whitish-ochreous apices. Hind-
wings grey; cilia pale-ochreous.
The forewings resembles Heliocausta hemiteles.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin, in November and
December ; two specimens, received from Mr. R. Illidge.

PHILOBOTA POLYBOTRYA, N. sp.
(roAvBorpus, with many clusters).

3, 17-18 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi fuscous.
Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 2. Thorax whitish-
ochrecus. Abdomen pale-fuscous ; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs
fuscous; posterior pair paler. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded; ochreous-whitish; markings dark-fuscous; a
moderate basal fascia; a triangular spot on costa at } and
another larger on midcosta ; a discal dot before 4, a second
beneath it on fold, a third ‘beyond and above first, a fourth

and fifth placed transversely before 2, sometimes ‘coalescing

to form a crescentic mark; an inwardly oblique line from
costa, bent outwards in disc, and continued as a fine inter-
rupted subterminal line to tornus; some fine termina] dots;
cilia ochreous-whitish, with a basal row of fuscous dots.
Hindwings pale-grey, darker towards apex ; cilia pale-grey.
Hab.—Victoria: Upper Macedon, near Gisborne, in
November ; three specimens, received from Mr. §. Lyell.

PHILOBOTA ORESTERA, Nl. Sp.
(6péorepos, dwelling in the mountains).

3, 20 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi grey. Antennae
grey ; ciliations in male 3. Abdomen grey; tuft grey-whitish.
Legs grey; posterior pair grey-whitish. Forewings elongate,
posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen
very obliquely rounded ; pale-grey ae slight fuscous irrora-
tion ; a dark-fuscous dot in ne at 4, a second slightly beyond
it on fold, and a third at 2; a subterminal series of fuscous
dots ; cilia whitish- -grey. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—New South Wales; Mount Koscuisko (7,000 feet),
in January ; two specimens.

CoMPSOTROPHA FLAVITINCTA, n. sp. (flavitinctis,
yellow tinged).

3, 95 14-16 mm. Head pale-yellow; face whitish.
Palpi whitish ; second joint with*base and a subapical ring

94

fuscous. Antennae whitish annulate with fuscous; ciliations
in male 14. Thorax whitish; patagia, except apices, fuscous.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior
pair fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;_ whitish- -yellow ;
markings fuscous; a broad streak along basal third of costa;
a spot on middle of dorsum; a large spot on middle of costa
narrowly connected in disc with a larger spot on tornus; a
large apical spot ; cilia pale-yellow. Hindwings and cilia grey.

My specimens show no trace of an antennal pecten.

/1ab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; four specimens,
not in the best condition, in November and March.

Gen. PACHYBELA, nov.
(rayvPeros, with thick weapons | palpi]).

Head with dense side-tufts projecting between antennae.
Palpi rather short; second joint short, not exceeding base of
antennae, greatly thickened with rough scales in front, especi-
ally towards apex; terminal joint about half second, stout,
acute. Antennae with strong pecten; in male moderately
cilated. Thorax not crested. Forewings with 7 to termen.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, elongate-ovate.

Allied to NVephogenes, differing from it in the palpi,
which are much stouter, the second joint roughened and
dilated at apex. I regard it as a development from the
stoutly-built /arenta section of that genus. Type, P. eremica.

PACHYBELA EREMICA, 0. sp. (épnptxds, of the desert).

3, 9323-25 mm. Head ochreous-grey or reddish. Palpi
fuscous mixed with whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in
male 1. Thorax ochreous-grey or reddish. Abdomen pale
ochreous-grey. Legs ochreous-grey irrorated with fuscous ;
posterior pair paler. Forewings elongate-oval, not dilated,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; grey-whitish with more or less fuscous
irroration and reddish suffusion, soul shuts wholly red ; some-
times a faint fuscous discal Aish at 4, a second beneath it on
fold, and a third at %, but some or ‘all of these may be obso-
lete ; sometimes a few fuscous terminal dots, but usually none ;
cilia concolorous. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Variable in colour, the forewings may be bright-red or
without any reddish tinge, or in any intermediate condition.

Hab.—Queensland: Adavale (in western interior), 1
March, April, and May; six specimens: Victoria: Sea Lake,
in March; one female. °

95

PACHYBELA PARISA, Nl. sp. (zdpicos, almost identical).

3, 20-25 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-grey. -Palpi
ochreous-grey with some fuscous scales. Antennae pale-grey ;
ciliations in male 1}. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs fuscous ;
posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, some-
what dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; pale ochreous-grey
with general fuscous irroration; markings fuscous; a discal
dot at 4, a second before it on fold, and a third at 4; some-
times a fuscous spot between the last and tornus; a terminal
series of fuscous dots, usually very distinct ; cilia concolorous.
Hindwings and cilia grey.

Forewings rather differently shaped, with more distinct
markings, and without reddish tinge. It is very similar to
some examples of eremica, and I might have confused them
if it had not been for the longer antennal ciliations.

Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April and May ; thirteen
specimens.

NEPHOGENES HYLOPHILA, Nn. sp. (vAddiAos, loving the woods).

3, 14-15 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi fuscous, apex of
second joint and terminal joint except apex pale-ochreous.
Antennae dark-grey; ciliations in male 1§. Thorax ochreous
mixed with fuscous. Abdomen grey; tuft pale-ochreous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings nar-
rowly oval, not dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex
rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; pale-ochreous irrorated
with fuscous : markings fuscous; a discal dot at 4, a second
beyond it on fold, a third at %, and sometimes a fourth
immediately beneath and beyond third; faint indications of
a subterminal line angled beneath costa; cilia pale-ochreous
with a broad fuscous median line. Hindwings pale-grey ; cilia
ochreous-grey-whitish.

/Tab.—-Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in December ;
four specimens.

NEPHOGENES PILIDIOTA, n. sp. (7tAtdvoros, with a little hat).

3, 16-17 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous,
external surface of second joint, except apex, fuscous.

Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 14. Thorax pale-
ochreous; patagia, except apex, fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey ;
tuft pale-ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-

ochreous. Forewings slightly dilated posteriorly, costa moder-
ately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
whitish-ochreous with fuscous markings; a costa] streak from
base to 2; a median streak from base to costa before apex,

96

usually incomplete, being widely interrupted near base; a
third streak along fold, more or less developed ; a discal dot

at 4, a second above middle, a third at %, and a fourth

beneath third; a subterminal line arising from costa with

median streak, angled beneath costa; a terminal series of
dots; cilia pale-ochreous with a fuscous median line. Hind-
wings pale-grey; cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey.

Hab.—-Queensland: Nambour, in November; Brisbane,
in October; Coolangatta, in November; ten specimens.

NEPHOGENES LOCHMAULA, 0. sp.
(Adxpavdos, dwelling in the woods).

3d, 9; 16 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous; external surface of second joint, except apex, fus-
cous. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax
ochreous-whitish ; patagia, except apices, fuscous. Abdomen
grey; apices of segments whitish; tuft whitish-ochreous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings
narrow, not dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex round-
pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; whitish, markings
dark-fuscous; a dot on 4 dorsum; a spot on base of costa,
a second at +, and an elongate spot on middle; costal edge
ochreous except on spots; a discal dot at 4, a second beyond
it on fold, a third above middle, a fourth at %, and a fifth
beneath fourth; a subterminal line from costa before apex,
angled beneath costa; a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish,
bases ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish.

/Tab.—-Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in March; two
specimens, male and female; Cairns, in June; one female,
probably conspecific, but lacking dot near base of dorsum,
and with anterior edge of thorax and terminal joint of palpi
fuscous.

NEPHOGENES CIRRHOCEPHALA, Nl. sp.

(xippoxéados, with yellowish head).

¢, 19 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface whitish. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 1.
Thorax fuscous, posteriorly mixed with whitish. Abdomen
pale-ochreous, bases of segments on dorsum brownish. Legs
fuscous, posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings moderately
broad, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded,
termen obliquely rounded; white with slight fuscous irrora-
tion; markings dark-fuscous; a triangular spot on base of
costa reaching as far as fold; a large subtriangular spot on
midcosta ; a dot in disc at 4 sometimes double, a second beyond
it on fold, a third above middle confluent with costal spot

9°

and sometimes lost in it, fourth and fifth at 2 confluent,

o

97

forming a transverse crescentic mark ; a spot on 3 costa giving
rise to a subterminal line angled beneath costa ; some terminal
dots and an apical fuscous suffusion ; cilia grey-whitish, bases
ochreous tinged. Hindwings pale-grey ; cilia as forewings.

Readily distinguished from WV. foedatella by the ochreous
head.

Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near Brisbane, in October ;
two specimens.

NEPHOGENES THIOCROSSA, Nl. sp. (fevoxpoocos, sulphur-edged).

3, Q@3; 21-23 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi whitish,
external surface of second joint, except apex, fuscous.
Antennae pale-grey ; ciliations in male 24. Thorax whitish,

bases of patagia and a posterior spot fuscous: Abdomen
whitish-ochreous, bases of segments on dorsum brownish.
Legs fuscous: posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings

moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-
pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; mark-
ings dark-fuscous; a narrow basal fascia; a costal streak,
broad in middle, attenuated at extremities from + to #; a
discal dot at 4, a second slightly beyond it on fold, a third
above middle, a fourth at 4, a fifth beneath fourth, some-
times giving rise to a fine streak inwards along lower edge
of cell; a short inwardly-oblique streak from costa before
apex, sometimes connected by a dark-fuscous suffusion with
fifth dot, giving rise to a fine dotted subterminal line; cilia
pale-ochreous, apices whitish. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia as
forewings.

Hab.-—-Queensland: Gympie, in April; Nambour, in
April; Stradbroke Island, in January ; Rosewood, in March ;
Stanthorpe, in February; ten specimens. |

NEPHOGENES SYNCOLLA, n. sp. (avyxoAXos, closely joined).

Q@, 25 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, apex
of second joint and base of terminal joint ochreous-whitish.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax pale-ochreous, patagia fuscous.
Abdomen brownish-fuscous, apices of segments whitish-
ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous.
Forewings shghtly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ;
markings fuscous; a broad costal streak from base, narrowing
to a point beyond middle; a broad streak on base of dorsum ;
a discal dot before 4, a second beyond it on fold, a third
above middle, a fourth before 4, a fifth beneath and connected
with fourth; a broad streak inwards from # costa, bent out-
wards beneath costa, and bent again and continued as a
subterminal line to tornus; some terminal dots; some fuscous

E

98

irroration in termina] part of disc; cilia ochreous-whitish with
an interrupted antemedian fuscous line. Huindwings grey;
cilia grey-whitish. ;

Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in January; one
specimen.

NEPHOGENES CARBASEA, n. sp. (carbaseus, made of linen).

3, 24mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish, some
pale-fuscous suffusion on external surface of second joint.
Antennae whitish-grey, towards base whitish; ciliations in
male 2. Thorax white; tegulae ochreous-whitish ; a fuscous
spot on base of patagia. Abdomen ochreous-whitish ; bases
of segments on dorsum partly brownish; tuft and under-
surface whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair whitish-
ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa gently arched, apex
round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; white without
ochreous tinge; markings fuscous ; costal edge at base fuscous ;
a moderate costal streak from near base to 3%, attenuated at
extremities ; a discal dot before 4, a second beyond it on fold,
sometimes obsolete, a third above middle, a fourth before 3,
a fifth beneath fourth and usually confluent with it to form
a transverse crescentic mark, sometimes a sixth beyond and
above second; traces of a costal streak angled beneath costa
and emitting a subterminal line, but these may be nearly
obsolete; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings grey, darker
towards apex; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Herberton, in January and Feb-
_ruary ; three specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.

NEPHOGENES SCITULA, n. sp. (scitulus, neat, pretty).

3, 20-21 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish ; apical half,
except extreme apex, of second joint grey. Antennae whitish ;
ciliations in male nearly 14. Thorax white; centre of patagia
grey. Abdomen grey-whitish, bases of joints on dorsum partly
fuscous-brown. Legs fuscous, inner surface whitish ; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa slightly
arched, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ; white ;
markings fuscous ; costal edge towards base fuscous; a spot on
base of costa, followed by a subcostal spot near basé; a grey
spot on base of dorsum; a discal dot at 4, a second slightly
beyond it on fold, a third above middle, and a fourth and
fifth confluent, forming a crescentic mark at 2; a slight
suffusion on midcosta, and another between crescentic mark
and tornus; a fine broken line from costa at 2 inwards,
angled sharply outwards beneath costa, then bent parallel to
termen; a terminal series of dots; cilia white with an

99

interrupted grey antemedian line. Hindwings grey; cilia
whitish-grey with a grey basal line.
Hab.—New South Wales: Tabulam, in January; two
specimens.
NEPHOGENES NAPAEA, 0. Sp.

(varratos, of a wooded vale or dell).

3, 19-22 mm. Head grey-whitish, slightly ochreous
tinged. Palpi whitish; outer surface of second joint, except
at base and apex, fuscous. Antennae whitish annulated with
grey; ciliations in male 3. Thorax whitish finely irrorated
with fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, bases of segments
on dorsum mostly ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; middle
tibiae and tarsi annulated with whitish; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa gently arched,
apex obtusely rounded, termen obliquely rounded; white
partly suffused with grey; markings fuscous; an outwardly-
oblique sub-basal fascia, broad on costa, narrowing to dorsum ;
a large median costal spot suffused anteriorly ; a discal dot at
4 with a second immediately beneath and posterior to it, a
third on fold beneath second, with a fourth immediately
above and posterior to it, a fifth above middle continuous with
costal spot, of which it forms the apex, a transverse crescentic
mark at 2; a suffused spot on # costa emitting a subterminal
line; a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish party suffused
with grey. Hindwings and cilia pale-grey.

Best recognized by the outwardly-oblique sub-basal fascia,
together with the annulated antennae, with very short cilia-
tions. In the allied transversella, Wlk., which I refer to the
same genus (vein.7 terminates just beneath apex), the sub-
basal fascia is inwardly oblique.

Hab.—Queensland: Rosewood, in September and Novem-
ber ; eight specimens.

NEPHOGENES HYPOPOLIA, N. sp.
(izrordAvos, somewhat grey, hoary).

3, Q; 19-26 mm. Head whitish. Palpi fuscous, part
of inner surface and base and extreme apex of second joint
whitish. Antennae whitish; ciliations in male 14. Thorax
white finely irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen brownish-grey,
apices of segments whitish, tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fus-
cous, tarsi annulated with whitish, posterior pair whitish
partly suffused with grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, not
dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely
rounded ; white with some fine fuscous irroration in parts;
markings fuscous; a basal costal dot; a sub-basal and sub-
costal dot; an elongate spot: on about middle third of costa;

E2

100

a discal dot at 4, a second on fold beyond first, a third above
middle confluent with costal spot, a fourth at 4 giving off a
fine line, which soon bends abruptly inwards to between first
and second dots; a suffused roundish spot in dise beyond
fourth dot; a fine inwardly-oblique line from 32 costa, bent
outwards beneath costa, and again bent to form a subterminal
line; a terminal series of dots; cilia white with a basal series
of grey dots, sometimes partly suffused with grey. . Hind-
wings pale-grey; cilia whitish; bases pale-grey.

This and all the preceding species are closely allied, and
belong to the foedatella section of the genus.

Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe; New South Wales:
Tenterfield, in February ; Glen Innes, in December, January,
March, and April; abundant.

NEPHOGENES ARGYRODES, n. sp. (dpyupwdys, silvery).

36, 22-24 mm.; 9, 32 mm. Head ochreous-whitish.
Palpi whitish, second joint fuscous except at apex. Antennae
grey, towards base fuscous; ciliations in male 14. Thorax
blackish ; patagia, except at base, and a posterior spot whitish.
Abdomen whitish, bases of segments on dorsum brownish.
Legs dark-fuscous; middle and posterior tibiae with whitish
annulations; middle and posterior tarsi whitish. Forewings
rather narrow, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex
rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ; silvery-grey-whitish ;
markings blackish; a well-marked transverse fascia close to
base; a spot on 4 costa projecting into disc anteriorly; a
discal dot at 4 nearly confluent with a dot before it on fold;
a thick streak from 4% costa half-way across disc, slightly
inwardly oblique, and a similar streak from tornus slightly
outwardly oblique, their extremities nearly touching; a
second similar subapical costal streak; some minute terminal
dots ; cilia silvery-grey-whitish. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia
whitish-grey, apices whitish.

Very distinct. The markings recall Philobota cosmocrates.

/1ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in March; three specimens.

NEPHOGENES EPIPERONA, N. sp. (ézizepxvos, somewhat dark).

3, 22-30 mm.; 9, 34 mm. Head and thorax whitish
mixed with fuscous. Palpi fuscous with whitish irroration,
inner surface mostly whitish. Antennae fuscous with whitish
irroration ; ciliations in male 14. Abdomen ochreous-whitish,
bases of segments on dorsum ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous
mixed with whitish ; posterior pair mostly whitish. Forewings
elongate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded,
termen obliquely rounded; fuscous, densely irrorated with
white; markings fuscous, often obscure, or partly obsolete ;

101

a discal dot at 4, a short streak beneath it on fold, a dot
above middle, another at %, a fine streak from beneath this
last to between first dot and streak; a very obscure terminal
line; cilia whitish mixed with fuscous. Hindwings and cilia
rey.
: os obscure inland species allied to V. pyenoda, Low.
Queensland examples are darker and with markings more
obsolete, but appear to be the same species.
Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in March; Victoria: Sea
Lake, in December (Goudie); eight specimens.

NEPHOGENES STENOPTILA, N. sp. (orevorriAos, Narrow-winged).

3, 18-19 mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish irrorated
with fuscous. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax
white irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen whitish; bases of
segments on dorsum brownish; tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs
whitish irrorated with fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Fore-
wings narrowly elongate, costa nearly straight except towards
apex, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded; white
irrorated throughout with fuscous; a fuscous dot in disc at 3;
cilia whitish mixed with fuscous. Hindwings and cilia pale-

rey.
: Smaller than the preceding, the forewings narrower with
straighter costa, the antennae with shorter ciliations.

Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April; two specimens.

MESOLECTA ANGUSTELLA.

Oecophora angustella, Wlk.: xxix., p. 694.

Talantis chimerina, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1888, p. 1601.

Nephogenes variabilis, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 22.

I believe these names to represent one species, which
occurs through the winter months, and is exceedingly variable,
some examples being almost wholly ochreous-whitish, others
almost wholly fuscous, with all intermediate gradations, and
scarcely any two quite alike. The antennal ciliations in male
are 4.

Hab.—Queensland: Eidsvold, Nambour, Brisbane, Strad-
broke Island, Mount Tambourine, Southport, Coolangatta,
Rosewood, Esk, Warwick; New South Wales: Sydney.

EvupRIoNocERA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 6.

Palpi with second joint moderately long, shghtly exceed-
ing base of antennae, thickened with smoothly-appressed
hairs; terminal joint more than half second, stout, smooth,
acute. Antennae without basal pecten; of male shortly
pectinate. Forewings with 2 from before angle of cell, 7 to
termen. Hindwings broader than forewings, cilia short.

102.

The only genus with pectinate male antennae. Type, ZL.
geminipuncta. The antennal structure differs in the two
species, chiefly in the length of the ciliations ; but they appear
naturally associated.

-EUPRIONOCERA GEMINIPUNCTA, Turn.: l/.c.

Antennae of male shortly pectinate with short cilia-
tions (4).
Hab.— Queensland: Brisbane; three specimens.

EPRIONOCERA EREMNOPA, Nn. sp. (épéuvw7ros, dark).

¢, 9; 19-21 mm. Head fuscous, more or less reddish
tinged. Palpi fuscous; terminal joint reddish with some fus-
cous scales. Antennae fuscous in male very shortly bipectinate
with tufts of long cilia (3). Thorax dark-fuscous or reddish.
Abdomen fuscous, bases of segments ochreous tinged. Legs
fuscous. Forewings broader in male, slightly dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex obtusely rounded, termen obliquely
rounded; fuscous, more or less reddish tinged, more so in
male; discal dots dark-fuscous; first at 4, sometimes obsolete,
second on fold, usually obsolete, third before %, more dis-
tinct; cilia grey. Hindwings and cilia grey.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in November,
December, and January; nine specimens, received from Mr.
F.-P: Dodd and ‘Mra Gy ha iaall:

Pyonocnra, ‘Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 21;

Head with side-tufts moderate, closely appressed. Palpi
rather short, smooth-scaled; second joint not reaching base
of antennae; terminal joint rather more than half second.
Antennae of male much thickened, serrate, with a double
row of tufts of lower cilia, ciliations over 1; in female filiform.
Thorax smooth. Forewings with 2 and 3 stalked from angle of
cell, 7 to termen.

There is no antennal pecten as a rule, but, as occurs in
other genera so characterized, one or two fugitive scales are
occasionally present.

PYCNOCERA HYPOXANTHA, Turn.: /.c., p. 22.

3, 20-25 mm. Forewings fuscous closely irrorated with
whitish-ochreous, markings formed by absence of irroration ;
a discal dot before middle, and sometimes a second beyond
this on fold; a large oval blotch or fascia from 2% costa to
tornus; a fine subterminal line angled beneath costa; cilia
fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, towards base and dorsum
ochreous; cilia fuscous, on. dorsum ochreous.

Q, 32-36 mm. Forewings with markings obsolete.

103

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in January and February ;
Coolangatta, in December; thirteen specimens.

WINGIA RECTIORELLA.
Palparia rectiorella, Wik.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix., p. 775;
Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 430.
Palparia euryptera, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 3.
Hab.— Queensland: Brisbane: New South Wales: New-
castle, Sydney; Victoria: Moe.

WINGIA SUBROSEA.
Palparia subrosea, Turn.: l.c., 1894, p. 134.
The type is still unique.
Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island.

WINGIA SYNNEPHELA, 0. sp. (cvvvédedos, cloudy).

@,19mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish; external sur-
face of second joint grey suffused with rosy, but its base and
apex sharply whitish; tuft about as long as terminal joint.
Antennae grey, at base whitish. Thorax whitish-grey, with
some rosy suffusion at posterior apex. Abdomen whitish-grey ;
bases of joints on dorsum partly brownish; under-surface
pale-grey. Legs grey partly suffused with rosy; posterior pair
whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa
rather strongly arched, apex acute, slightly produced, termen
slightly sinuate beneath apex, thence nearly straight, oblique ;
grey suffused intimately with crimson, except towards termen ;
a whitish costal streak from base to 4, with costal edge orange
for this distance; beyond this costal edge obscurely ochreous ;
an obscure fuscous discal dot at 3; a dark-grey terminal line ;
cilia pale-grey with a dark-grey spot at apex. Hindwings
whitish, towards apex greyish tinged; cilia whitish.

Allied to eonephela, but lacks the ochreous tinge of this
species; the basal costal streak, longer palpi, with longer .
tuft, less projecting scales between antennae, and absence of
rosy tinge on under-surface of abdomen, are_ reliable
characters.

Hab. — Queensland: Stanthorpe, in October; one
specimen. |

ZELOTECHNA PSITTACODES, N. sp.
(Yurtraxwons, like a parrot).

, 22 mm. Head grey with whitish points. Palpi with
second joint very long (about twice length of face), terminal
joint 4, slender, apical tuft of second joint about as long as
terminal joint; external surface bright crimson, except term-
inal joint and apical + of second joint, which are dark-grey,

104

the latter with whitish points, internal surface whitish.
Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 4. Thorax crimson,
anterior margin broadly grey. Abdomen whitish-ochreous ;
bases of segments on dorsum brownish ; under-surface crimson.
Legs grey with whitish points ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish.
Forewings rather narrow, scarcely dilated, costa strongly
arched, apex acute, produced, termen sinuate, very oblique ;
bright crimson with a few fuscous scales, mostly towards
dorsum; a very narrow white streak on costa from 2 to 2;
cilia pale-grey, bases crimson. Hindwings and cilia pale-
ochreous.

Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, in October; one spect-

men, taken among the sand-flora behind the beach.

Gen. Potyructa, nov. (zoAvevxros, much desired).

Palpi very long: second joint extremely long (about
three times length of face), densely and evenly rough-scaled
beneath (not tufted), and to a less extent on upper-surface ;
terminal joint rather less than 4 second, very stout, with
loosely appressed hairs. Antennae with strong basal pecten ;
in male with long ciliations. Thorax smooth. Forewings with
7 to apex. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 6 and 7 parallel.

Monotypical. A remarkable genus, not near any that
I know of. I do not think it has any real relationship to the
Wingia group, though there is certainly a_ superficial
resemblance.

POLYEUCTA CALLIMORPHA.

Palparia callimorpha, Low.: ante, 1894, p. 93.

Antennae in male stout, ciliations 23.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, near Cairns, in April;
one specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.

PHYLLOPHANES, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 21.

Palpi long; second joint very long (about twice length
of face), smooth-scaled except towards apex anteriorly, where
there is a loose tuft of long hairs about half length of
terminal joint; terminal joint about 4, slender. Antennae
without basal pecten. Thorax smooth. Anterior tibiae
shghtly dilated but smooth-scaled. Forewings with 7 to
termen; a strong tuft of scales on costa before middle.

I am still uncertain as to the true affinities of this genus,
of which the type is still unique and the male unknown.

PHYLLOPHANES DYSEURETA, Turn.: l.c.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one female, beaten from
Hugema ventenatw.

==

105

Gen. Hysocrossa, nov.
(sBoxpoooos, with margin bent outwards).

Palpi moderate; second joint reaching but not exceeding
base of antennae, expanded with long loose scales at apex;
terminal joint as long as second, slender. Antennae without
basal pecten; in male with long ciliations. Thorax smooth.
Anterior tibiae and tarsi thickened with dense scales. Fore-
wings suboblong, costa with a median rounded protuberance ;
vein 7 to termen.

Although structurally approaching Legdotarsa, the
different wing-shape, as well as the absence of an antennal
pecten, forbids its inclusion in this genus. The only species
has the facies of a Tortricopsis.

HYBOCROSSA PARATYPA, Nl. sp. (zapatos, counterfeit).

dé, 25 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi grey-whitish ;
external surface of second joint, except apex, ochreous ; second
joint slightly expanded, with rough scales at apex. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 4. Thorax ochreous-grey, margins
grey-whitish. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases of segments on
dorsum partly brownish. Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair
fuscous anteriorly. Forewings suboblong, somewhat dilated
posteriorly, costa gently arched with a slight median rounded
protuberance, apex acute, slightly produced, termen sinuate
beneath apex, then straight, scarcely oblique; brownish-grey ;
costal protuberance suffused with whitish and preceded by
a fuscous costal mark; a fine line from midcosta to tornus,
strongly outwardly arched; cilia brownish-grey. Hindwings
pale-ochreous with a large apical dark-fuscous blotch; cilia
whitish-ochreous.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (Pymble), in Novem-
ber; one specimen, received from Mr. S. H. Wyld.

LEPIDOTARSA ALPHITELLA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 447.
Lepidotarsa leucella, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 135.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Waratah, Sydney. |

LEPIDOTARSA CHRYSERYTHRA, Turn.: l.c.

Antennal ciliations in male 4.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in December and March.

LEPIDOTARSA IDIOCOSMA.
Peltophora idiocosma, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 210.
Antennal ciliations in male 4. Nearly allied to the fol-
lowing species.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine.

106

LEPIDOTARSA PENTASCIA, n. sp. (revtackvos, five-shaded).

3, 20mm. Head and palpi ochreous-whitish. Antennae
ochreous-whitish ; ciliations in male exceedingly long (8).
Thorax whitish-ochreous spotted with ochreous. Abdomen
ochreous-whitish, bases of segments on dorsum _ brownish-
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior femora and tibiae
brownish-fuscous on inner half. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex acute, termen sinuate, oblique;
whitish-ochreous ; five broadly-suffused lines of mixed ochreous
and fuscous; first on dorsum near base, short; second from
base of costa to mid-dorsum; third from 4 costa to tornus;
fourth from midcosta, meeting third at tornus; fifth from
2 costa to mid-termen; a small apical ochreous and fuscous
suffusion; cilia whitish-ochreous, apices fuscous-ochreous.
Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, in September; one
specimen, taken in tropical forest-growth.

EUPHILTRA EROTICELLA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 458.
EKuphiltra thermozona, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 137.

Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Toowoomba, Warwick,
Killarney ; New South Wales: Sydney; Victoria: Melbourne.

EUPHILTRA ANGUSTIOR, Turn.: l.c.

Antennal ciliations in male 5. Very similar to the pre-
ceding, but the tornal cilia of the forewings is not fuscous,
cand the fasciae, especially the second fascia, are narrower,
and they are not connected. The thorax in both is fuscous
anteriorly and white posteriorly, but in angustior the pro-
portion of white is greater.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September and October ;
Warwick, in October and November; Stanthorpe, in Novem-
ber; ten specimens.

EUPHILTRA FUSIPLAGA, Nl. Sp.
G, 12 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white; base of

second joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Thorax white, with
a broad transverse fuscous bar. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous.
Legs ochreous-whitish (anterior pair broken). Forewings
narrow-oblong, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed,
hindmargin very obliquely rounded; white, markings dark-
fuscous; a spot at base of costa; a fascia from costa before
middle, broadening in disc so as to extend on inner margin
from 4 to anal angle; a crescentic dot in middle of disc at 2;
a broad suffused fascia from costa at 4 to termen above tornus ;

107

termen from apex to second fascia broadly suffused with dark-
fuscous; cilia fuscous, in middle of termen and tornus white.
Hindwings and cilia fuscous. (The cilia in type specimen are
damaged. )

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one specimen, taken by
Mr. Dodd, and now in coll. Walsingham.

EUPHILTRA EPILECTA, n. sp. (é7iAexros, chosen).

3, 13-14 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white; base of
second joint fuscous.. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in
male 5. Thorax dark-fuscous; a posterior spot and apices of
tegulae white. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-
ochreous; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings narrow-oblong,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; white; base of costa dark-fuscous; a
fuscous fascia from Pee at 4 broadening in disc, and extend-
ing on dorsum from } to 3, ae anterior margin ‘strongly out-
wardly curved, its anterior edge concave; a suffused fuscous
fascia from costa at 3 to tornus ; an apical eae suffusion ;
and a broad dark-fuscous line along termen; cilia white,
apical half fuscous, on costa and tornus wholly white. Hind-
wings pale-grey ; towards base whitish ; cilia whitish.

Allied to F#. fusiplaga, which, however, may be dis-
tinguished by its anteriorly white thorax.

Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near Brisbane, in Septem-
ber; Toowoomba, in September; two specimens.

EUPHILTRA CELETERIA, n. sp. (xyAyTypios, charming).

3, 92; 11-12 mm. Head white; side-tufts ochreous
tinged. Palpi white; base of second joint dark-fuscous. ©
Antennae dark-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous; collar, apex
of tegulae, and posterior edge white. Abdomen ochreous-
grey. Legs dark-fuscous annulated with whitish; posterior
pair whitish. Forewings narrow-oblong, costa slightly arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; white; at base
faintly ochreous tinged; markings blackish-fuscous; a broad
streak along basal fifth of costa; a transverse fascia before
middle of disc, broadly dilated on margins, constricted in
middle; a second fascia from costa at 2 to tornus, moderately
broad, in disc suffused; a broad terminal fascia; cilia white,
at apex and tornus fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey.

The form of the second fascia is sufficiently distinctive.

Hab.—Queensland: Warwick and Killarney, in October ;
five specimens.

ZONOPETALA TEPHRASTIS, Nn. sp. (téppactis, like ashes).

@, 13 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennae white.
Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings broad-oblong,

108

costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen sinuate,
not oblique; white suffused with pale ochreous-grey; three
or four pale-fuscous dots on apical part of costa; cilia grey.
Hindwings slightly sinuate beneath apex; grey-whitish; cilia
grey-whitish.

An inconspicuous species not resembling, any other of the
genus.

Hab. — Queensland: Innisfail, in November; one
specimen.

CITHARODICA LEPARGA, n. sp. (Aézapyos, whitish).

3, 22-26 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi
ochreous-whitish. Antennae whitish; in male stout with long
ciliations (5). Abdomen whitish; bases of segments on
dorsum, except the first three, tinged with brownish-ochreous ;
tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish; anterior pair
fuscous anteriorly. Forewings rather broad, somewhat dilated
posteriorly, costa gently arched, more strongly so towards
base, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-
whitish ; markings fuscous, sometimes indistinct; a discal dot
at +, another about middle of disc, and another on fold about
equidistant from the first two; a subterminal line of closely-
placed dots between veins, from beneath # costa to tornus;
cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings and cilia whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Evelyn Scrub, near Herberton, in
February ; Kuranda, in May; three specimens, received from

Mar. EF. (Pe Dodd:

Gen. THYROMORPHA, nov. (@vpopopdos, door-shaped).

Palpi short; second joint short, not reaching base of
antennae, much thickened with appressed scales towards apex ;
terminal joint less than 4 second, stout. Antennae without
basal pecten; in male moderately ciliated. Thorax smooth.
Forewings with 7 to. termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4
stalked, 5 curved and approximate to 4 at base.

Probably allied to the following genus. The type is a
stoutly-built insect.

THYROMORPHA STIBAROPIS, n. sp. (oT-Bapwmis, sturdy).

3, 24 mm. Head and thorax brown. Palpi fuscous-
brown, inner surface of second joint ochreous-whitish.
Antennae brownish-grey; ciliations in male 1. Abdomen
brownish-grey. Legs pale-brown; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings broad, scarcely dilated, costa very
strongly arched near base, thence only slightly, apex rounded-
rectangular, termen rounded, scarcely oblique; rather dark-
brown mixed with paler brown; beneath costa alternate bars

109

of darker and lighter shade; costal edge slightly pinkish ;
a blackish discal dot in disc at 4 containing a few central
brown scales; a similar dot at %, centre more whitish ; veins
minutely dotted with fuscous; cilia brown-whitish. Hind-
wings and cilia. grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one specimen.

Gen. PyYcNOZANCLA, nov.
(zuKvdgayxAos, with thick sickles [palpi}).

Palpi with second joint reaching base of antennae,
moderately clothed with appressed scales, sometimes slightly
roughened anteriorly; terminal joint as stout as second, or
very nearly so. Antennae without basal pecten; in male
with moderate or rather long ciliations. Thorax smooth.
Anterior tibiae slightly dilated towards apex but smooth
scaled. Forewings with 7 to termen.

Type, P. acribes. The terminal joint of the palpi in
Eochrois and Homystis is certainly stout as compared with,
for instance, Philobota, but is not nearly so stout as the
second joint. I consider the separation of this genus, there-
fore, justified. The three species form a natural group to
which we may expect additions; acribes is probably attached
to Hugena, the other two species to tropical “scrub’’ trees.

PYCNOZANCLA ACRIBES.
Eomystis acribes, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 1385.
Antennal ciliations in male if.
Hab.—Queensland : Gympie, in April; Nambour, in
November; Brisbane, in December and February.

PYCNOZANCLA EPIPREPES.
Kurypelta epiprepes, Turn.: l.c., 1894, p. 136.
3, 9; 16-22 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 2.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in October ; Gympie.

PYCNOZANCLA ERYTHRODES, n. sp. (épvpwdys, red).

3, 22-24 mm. Head pale-yellow, side-tufts with some
red scales; face pale-yellow, margins red. Palpi_ red.
Antennae fuscous, basal joint red; ciliations in male 3.
Thorax red, irrorated with yellowish ; with a posterior fuscous
spot. Abdomen pale-ochreous, tuft faintly rosy tinged. Legs,
anterior pair red with some fuscous scales ; middle pair purple-
fuscous ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish faintly tinged with
rosy. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa very
strongly arched in basal half, posterior half straight, apex
rectangular, termen sinuate, not oblique; vermilion-red
irrorated with yellowish; along costa and inner margins

110

purple-fuscous ; posterior third of disc purple-fuscous sparsely
irrorated with red scales; with four narrow oblique irregularly-
waved purple-fuscous transverse lines; first from costa at + to
dorsum at 4, very irregular and partly obsolete; second from
costa at 2? to middle of dorsum; third from middle of costa
to before tornus ; fourth from costa at % to tornus, outwardly
curved; cilia purple-fuscous. Hindwings pale-ochreous, at
apex fuscous tinged ; cilia pale-ochreous, at and beneath apex
purple-fuscous.

Hab. — Queensland: Eumundi, near Nambour, in
December; Mount Tambourine, in November; three
specimens.

EoMYSTIS EBENOSTICHA, n. sp. (€Gevoorxos, ebony-lined).

3d, 21 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi
ochreous-whitish. Antennae whitish; ciliations in male 25.
Abdomen whitish; bases of segments on dorsum, except the
first three, partly brownish-ochreous. Legs whitish. Fore-
wings rather narrow, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa gently
arched, apex acute, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-
whitish with a subcostal greyish suffusion; costal edge near
base dark-fuscous ; a conspicuous blackish line along fold from
near base to tornus; a similar median line from 4 to termen ;
a fine blackish terminal line; cilia whitish. Hindwings
whitish-grey ; cilia whitish.

Allied to #. acutella. If the genus Homystis is retained
we must refer to it not only these two species, but also
dejunctella, protophaés, and probably some others, in which
the pecten is represented by a few scales only, or may be
absent.

Hab.—Western Australia: Perth, in January; one
specimen.

EoMYSTIS MELANOPLECTA, 0. sp.
(ueXavorAextos, interlaced with black).

3, 9; 15 mm. Head white. Palpi ochreous-white,
bases of second and terminal joints dark-fuscous. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 14. Thorax dark-fuscous, tegulae
white, posterior third ochreous-white. Legs ochreous-whitish
barred externally with fuscous; anterior aspect of anterior
fair mostly fuscous. Forewings slightly dilated, costa gently
arched, apex rounded-rectangular, termen sinuate, scarcely
oblique ; ochreous-white ; markings blackish, forming a coarse
network ; a spot on base of costa giving rise to an outwardly-
bent fascia ending near base of dorsum; a second fascia from
+ costa to # dorsum, expanded on margins, sometimes con-
nected to preceding beneath costa; a third fascia from 3 costa
ta tornus, much expanded on costa and containing two white

——

111

dots on costal edge; a discal spot in middle beyond second
fascia, and another subdorsal before third fascia (these may
be connected with each other and with both fasciae); an
apical dot; several terminal spots, sometimes coalesced ; cilia
ochreous-whitish with a sub-basal fuscous line. Hindwings
pale-grey, towards base more whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish.

Quite isolated in the genus, not resembling any other
species.

Hab.—Queensland: Gympie; Eumundi, near Nambour,
in March; two specimens.

KocHROIS MAGNIFERELLA. ~
Be eiolcehia magniferella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. A
@, 27 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae grey,
towards base white. Thorax white finely irrorated with fus-
cous ; a few reddish scales in tegulae. Forewings oblong, costa
arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex round-pointed,
termen slightly oblique, scarcely rounded; white; markings
suffused fuscous and reddish; a reddish fascia near base; a
suffused fuscous fascia partly mixed with reddish from costa
at + to middle of dorsum, followed by a reddish spot in disc ;
a second similar fascia from costa beyond middle to before
tornus; a third deep-red fascia from costa at ? to tornus,
followed by a reddish suffusion; cilia white mixed with red-
dish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey; towards apex
darker ; cilia whitish, bases grey.

3d, 21 mm. Antennae short with strong basal pecten
and extremely long ciliations (5). Thorax fuscous, patagia
whitish. Forewings much darker but little of the white
ground-colour being left between markings; cilia fuscous,
partly mixed with whitish at bases. Hindwings dark-grey ;
cilia grey.

The description of the female was taken by me from the
type in the British Museum; that of the male from a speci-
men taken at Ballina, on the Richmond River, by Mr. G.
A. Waterhouse. It is considerably smaller and more dusky
than the female, but I have no doubt that it is conspecific.

HELIocaustTa AcOSsMETA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 4.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane. Still unique.

HELIOCAUSTA ACHROA, Turn.: J.c.

Antennal ciliations in male 3$.

Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in May; Brisbane, in
December; Stradbroke Island, in December; four male
examples.

112

HELIOCAUSTA COMPLANULA, Turn.: l.c.

Antennal ciliations in male 3. Forewings narrower than
in acmaea, and hindwings not ochreous tinged.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Stanthorpe, in February ;
three male examples.

HELIocAUSTA SIMPLEX, Turn.: é.c., p. 5.
Heliocausta plausibilis, Meyr.: Exot. Micro., i., p. 128 (1913).
Antenna! ciliations in male 2}. The colour of forewings

from ochreous-grey to rosy ochreous-grey, but the rosy colour-
ation may be completely absent even from costal edge.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September and October ;
Mount Tambourine, in October; New South Wales: Glen
Innes, in October ; Victoria: Geelong ; Gisborne, in December.

HELIocAUSTA PHANOZONA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 5.
3, 2; 138-18 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 1.

+

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August, January, and
April; four specimens.

HELIOCAUSTA RHODOPLEURA.

Philobota rhodoplewra, Turn.: l.c., 1898, p. 208.

3, 9; 18-24 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 1. This
species certainly has the antennal pecten better developed
than in other species of Heliocausta, but its natural affinities
are with them and not with Philobota. A good structural
point is the origin of vein 5 of the hindwing, which is bent
so as to be approximated to 4 .

Its nearest ally is sobriella, Wlk., which has also usually
a fairly-developed pecten and vein 7 of forewings ending in
termen, and should be equally referred to Heliocausta, unless,
indeed, a new genus be established for this and a few allied
species.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and December ;
Stradbroke Island, in October and December; Mount Tam-
bourine, in November; New South Wales: Emmaville, near
Glen Innes.

HELIocaustTa PELosTIcTA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 473.

Antennal ciliations in male 24. In the female the whole
of disc, except a narrow area at base of costa and another on
anterior margin of terminal band, is suffused with purple-
fuscous, so that the two sexes are very distinct in appearance.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Coolangatta; New South
Wales: Murrurundi.

ee

113

HELIOCAUSTA ARRHODEA, Nn. sp. (dppddeos, not rosy).

3, Q; 18-22 mm. Head and thorax pale-grey. Palpi
pale-grey ; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antennae grey;
ciliations in male 34. Abdomen grey, bases of segments on
dorsum ferruginous-tinged. Legs fuscous; tarsi annulated
with whitish ; posterior pair except tarsi whitish. Forewings
moderately broad, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched,
more strongly so towards base, apex rounded-rectangular,
termen straight, rounded beneath, slightly oblique ; pale-grey
dotted with fuscous; a subcostal dot near base, a second
beyond it in disc, and a third beyond that on fold; a dotted
line from % costa to 4 dorsum; a dot in disc at 4, a second
beneath it on fold, and a third at 2%; a dotted line from
2 costa very obliquely outwards, then bent round and con-
tinued paralle! to termen to tornus; cilia whitish-grey. Hind-
wings and cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—Victoria: Birchip, in April; three specimens,
received from Mr. D. Goudie.

HELIOCAUSTA IDIOSEMA, Nn. sp.
(idudanpos, with peculiar markings).

3, 9 ; 13-16 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi grey-whitish ;
external surface fuscous except apex of second joint. Antennae
fuscous annulated with whitish ; ciliations in male 24. Thorax
grey-whitish, posterior third reddish-fuscous. Abdomen
ochreous-fuscous; apices of segments paler. Legs whitish;
anterior pair fuscous. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded ; reddish-ochreous ; a broad grey-whitish streak along
costa, at base reaching dorsum, with a prominent acute tooth
beyond middle, edged with dark-fuscous before and beyond
tooth and at apex, prolonged round apex along termen, nar-
rowing to a point above tornus; sometimes a few ochreous
scales included in costal streak; costal edge pale rosy ; some-
times a few purple-fuscous scales at and above tornus; cilia
whitish, bases fuscous, at tornus fuscous-grey. Hindwings
grey, towards base ochreous tinged; cilia grey, on costa and
apex ochreous-whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; two specimens, at light,
in November and December.

HELIOCAUSTA SARCODES, Nn. sp. (capxwdns, flesh-colour).

3, 9; 20-24 mm. Head and palpi dull reddish-
ochreous; face paler. Antennae fuscous, towards base pale-
reddish. Thorax dull reddish, more or less irrorated with
whitish scales. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ;

114

anterior pair dull-reddish, tibia and tarsi obscurely annulated
with fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa moderately
arched, apex obtusely rectangular, termen rounded, slightly
oblique ; uniformly dull reddish irrorated with whitish scales ;
costal edge pinkish, tips of scales whitish; markings fuscous ;
a dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle, a third
on fold obliquely beyond first; a slight fuscous suffusion on
middle of inner margin, usually obsolete; a faintly-marked
line of dots from costa at { very obliquely outwards, bent in
disc parallel to termen, ending at tornus; a faintly-marked
series of terminal dots; cilia whitish, basal half reddish.
Hindwings whitish-ochreous, towards apex and hindmargin
pale-fuscous ; cilia fuscous with a pale basal line, towards
tornus whitish-ochreous.

Variety. Hindwings wholly fuscous except near costa.

Allied to A. triphaenatella, Wlk., of which Mr. G. Lyell
has sent me a fine series of bred specimens. The present
species 1s smaller, and differs in the uniform reddish coloration
of forewings.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, rather common; the
variety from Sandgate, near Brisbane; from September to
November; New South Wales: Sydney, in January.

HELIOCAUSTA XANTHISMA, n. sp. (gavOiocp0, yellow).

3, 9; 18-20 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi yellow.
Antennae grey: ciliations in male 2. Abdomen grey; apices
of segments grey-whitish; tuft whitish-brown. Legs grey;
posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings dilated posteriorly,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen sinuate,
oblique; yellow; a finely-waved, straight, transverse, purple
line from 2 costa to mid-dorsum, sometimes interrupted, some-
times completely absent ; cilia yellow. Hindwings rather dark-
grey; cilia grey.

Not related to any other species of the genus, and more
like a Philobota. Specimens with the transverse line deve-
loped are easily recognized, but those with unicolorous
forewings are very like unicolorous examples of Philobota
euxantha, They may be distinguished by the absence of a
pecten, and by vein 5 of hindwings being curved and nearly
approximated to 4 at base.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond (4,500 feet) and
Ebor (4,000 feet), in December and January; taken abund-
antly among Leptospermum.

MACHETIS PLAGIOZONA, n. sp. (7Aayidéwvos, obliquely girt).

3, 14-20 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white with some
blackish scales, basal half of second joint blackish. Antennae

115

fuscous; ciliations in male 4. Thorax blackish. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous with some fuscous irroration. Legs whitish-
ochreous; anterior pair fuscous, annulated with whitish.
Forewings moderate, scarcely dilated posteriorly, costa moder-
ately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
snow-white, markings blackish; a broad streak along costa
from base to 4; an inwardly-oblique fascia from middle of
costa to before middle of dorsum; constricted below middle:
a terminal band connected with median fascia below middle
of disc; terminal edge white; cilia white, basal half barred
with dark-fuscous, at apex and tornus dark-fuscous. Hind-
wings grey; cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in February ; Toowoomba,
in December ; three specimens.

MAcHETIS LATICINCTA, n. sp. (laticinctus, broadly girt).

g, 11-13 mm. Head white. Palpi white; second joint
dark-fuscous externally except at apex. Antennae dark-
fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey. Legs
dark-fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings narrow-
oblong, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen oblique,
scarcely rounded; white; markings dark-fuscous; a narrow
basal fascia; a broad outwardly-oblique fascia from middle
of costa, dilated on dorsum from middle to tornus, lower part
mixed with white; an oblong blotch at apex, from which a
fine line proceeds to tornus; cilia whitish. Hindwings and
cilia whitish-grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in March; three
specimens.

MACHETIS EUDMETA, n. sp. (evduyros, well-fashioned).

36, 12 mm. Head brown-whitish. Palpi whitish, basal
half of external surface of second joint dark-fuscous.
Antennae fuscous; in male slightly serrate and minutely
ciliated. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; tuft
fuscous-whitish. Legs fuscous; tibiae and tarsi annulated
with whitish; posterior pair paler. Forewings narrow, not
dilated, costa gently arched near base, thence straight, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded; white; markings
dark-fuscous; a broad basal fascia, outer edge straight with
a slight costal projection; a broad transverse postmedian
fascia ; a terminal fascia confluent with preceding on tornus,
leaving only a costal spot at #, and part of terminal edge
white; cilia grey, bases irrorated with fuscous. Hindwings
grey; cilia grey-whitish, at apex grey.

The forewings are more dark-fuscous than white, but
it is more convenient to describe the latter as the

116

ground-colour, so as to make the description comparable with
that of the other species.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
one specimen.

SPHYRELATA LAETIFICA, n. sp. (laetificus, cheerful).
Sphyrelata indecorella, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1883, p. 362; nec Wik.
I propose this name for the species described by Mr.
Meyrick. It is easily distinguished by the orange hindwings.
Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in February ; New South
Wales: Sydney, in March.

SPHYRELATA AMOTELLA.
Oecophora amotella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxx., p. 1034.
Very similar to the preceding, but with grey hindwings.
71ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in March and April.
Uryptolechia indecorella, W\k., xxix., p. 764, is, I think,
not this species, but probably a Hulechria. The type is very
imperfect, and I was not able to identify it.

SPHYRELATA NEFANDA, Meyr.: Exot. Micro., 1., p. 171 (1914).
Eulechria mesochra, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1916, p. 364.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane ; New South Wales, Sydney.

SPHYRELATA ACRITOPIS, n. sp.
(axpitwms, confused, disorderly).

do, 12-14 mm. Head white, crown mixed with fuscous.
Palpi white; base of second joint dark-fuscous. Antennae
pale-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous mixed with white.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fus-
cous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate-oblong,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; white, irrorated and mixed with fuscous;
darker spots on costa at 4+ and beyond middle; a dot in disc
at 4, a second beneath this on fold, a third and fourth in
a line with first before and after 2; a row of terminal dots;
cilia fuscous mixed with whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey.

/lab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and November ;
three specimens.

SPHYRELATA PTOCHICA, N. sp. (7TwxiKds, beggarly).
3, @; 13-15 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennae
dark-fuscous mixed with pale-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-
grey ; in female fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous

117

mixed with ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrow-elongate,
costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
pale-fuscous, irrorated with dark-fuscous ; an obscure dark dot
in disc at 4, and another, larger, before 2; a pale spot on
costa at ?; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August and September ;

four specimens.

SPHYRELATA ARRHYTHMA, N. sp. (appvOmos, disorderly).

3, 12-14mm. Head and thorax whitish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish with a few scattered fuscous scales, external surface
of second joint fuscous at base and just before apex. Antennae
ochreous-whitish annulated with fuscous. Abdomen grey,
base whitish, tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ;
anterior and middle pairs fuscous anteriorly with whitish
bars on tarsi. Forewings narrow, not dilated, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
ochreous-whitish ; markings fuscous, obscure, and ill-defined ;
some irroration at base and towards margins; a line from costa
at one-third to apex, curved into disc nearly to mid-line;
within the enclosed area is a suffused spot on #3 costa; a
suffused spot at apex; several terminal dots; cilia whitish
with some fuscous bars best defined towards apex. Hindwings
and cilia whitish-grey.

An obscure little species. My examples are not in the
best condition.

Hab.—-Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
five specimers.

Gen. Puyzanica, nov. (gv €arvixds, shy).

Palpi rather short; second joint not reaching base of
antennae, rather stoutly thickened with appressed scales,
especially towards apex; terminal joint about 4 second,
slender. Antennae without pecten; in male slightly serrate,
ciliations imperceptible. Forewings with 2 from before angle,
6 to termen, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwings with
3 and 4 connate, 5, 6, and 7 parallel.

PHYZANICA TAPINOPA, Nn. Sp. (tazeivw7ros, of mean appearance).

3, 9; 12-13 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and
abdomen pale-fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair fuscous-
whitish. Forewings narrow, not dilated, costa gently arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; pale-fuscous finely
irrorated with dark-fuscous; markings dark-fuscous, often
indistinct ; a discal dot at $, a second beyond it on fold, a
third in disc beyond middle, and a fourth immediately beneath
and beyond third, sometimes confluent with it ; a submarginal

118

series of dots around apex and termen; cilia fuscous. Hind-
wings and cilia pale-grey.

A very obscure little species.

/iab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August, September, and
October ; Toowoomba, in September; seven specimens.

EUPSELIA ANoMMATA, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 204.

/lab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September; New South
Wales: Sydney, in October; three specimens.

Gen. NEosIGALA, nov. (veoctyados, glossy).

Palpi long, recurved ; second joint very long (about twice
length of face), thickened with appressed scales; terminal
joint about $ second, rather stout, acute. Antennae moderate
(about # length of forewings), without pecten; in male
shghtly serrate and minutely ciliated. Thorax smooth. Fore-
wings with 2 and 3 stalked from angle, 4 and 5 approximated |
at base, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen just below apex. Hind-
wings with 3 and 4 connate or short-stalked, 5 bent and
approximated to 4 at origin, 6 and 7 parallel.

Allied to Mimozela, Meyr.

NEOSIGALA CEROPLASTA, Nn. sp. (KypomAaoTos, Waxen).

3, 18 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish ; second joint suffused with fuscous externally except
at apex; apex of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae ochreous-
whitish. Thorax ochreous-whitish; patagia pale-fuscous.
Abdomen, basal half grey; apical half grey-whitish, bases
of segments on dorsum ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated,
costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely
rounded ; ochreous-whitish with some pale-fuscous irroration ;
costal edge at base and markings fuscous; a discal dot at 4,
a second beyond it on fold, and a third in disc beyond middle ;
a subapical triangular spot giving off a very faint subterminal
line ; a terminal line thickened on veins; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hindwings whitish, with a fine fuscous terminal line; cilia
whitish.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
one specimen.

DOLEROMIMA TRIPUNCTELLA.

Cryuptolechia tripunctella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. 757; nec Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 159.

2, 23 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown-fuscous.
Palpi brown-fuscous ; internal surface of second joint, and a
few scales on external surface, whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior

119

pair faintly pinkish tinged and annulated with dark-fuscous.
Forewings narrow-oblong, strongly arched at base, thence
straight, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ;
brown-fuscous ; costal edge paler; a dark-fuscous discal dot
at 4, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold beneath
first ; cilia brown-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey.

I took this description from Walker’s type in the
British Museum. It is said to be from Tasmania.

DOLEROMIMA COSMOPODA.

Pedois cosmopoda, Turn,: ante, 1900, p. 12.

Doleromima tripunctella, Meyr.: l.c., 1902, p. 159; nec Wik.

Hab.—Queensland: Nambour and Brisbane, in August ;
Toowoomba, in September; New South Wales: Sydney ;
Victoria: Gisborne, in September.

DOLEROMIMA RHODOMITA.

Pedois rhodomita, Turn.: ante, 1900, p. 18.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in October and
January.

DoLEROMIMA RHAPHIDIAS, n. sp. (padis, a needle).

3, Q. Head grey-whitish. Palpi whitish; second joint
with a subapical fuscous ring, external surface fuscous at base,
and again beyond middle, terminal joint fuscous. Antennae
whitish-grey. Abdomen grey-whitish. Legs whitish. Fore-
wings not dilated, costa strongly arched near base, thence
straight, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; grey-
whitish, with numerous streaks parallel to veins, brown mixed
with dark-fuscous ; a longitudinal streak in posterior and lower
part of cell; a darker streak along fold; on termen ends of
streaks are dilated and nearly confluent; cilia grey-whitish.
Hindwings and cilia very pale-grey.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August and September ;
four specimens.

BINSITTA EFFRACTELLA, Snel.: Tijd. v. Ent., xxii. (i1.),
pl. vul., figs. 17-25; Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 164.

Teratomorpha coeliota, Turn.: l.c., 1896, p. 20.

_ Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin; Queensland :
Townsville, Bowen.

ScorPropsis, Turn.: /.c., 1894, p. 132.
Cerycostola, Meyr.: l.c., 1902, p. 163.

120

SCORPIOPSIS PYROBOLA.
Gonionota pyrobola, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1886, p. 1041. _
Scorpiopsis superba, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 133.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Rose-
wood; New South Wales: Newcastle.

OCTASPHALES EUBROCHA, n. sp. (evBpoxos, well knit).

3, 9; 12-15 mm. Head whitish or whitish-grey. Palpi
whitish-grey ; inner surface whitish. Antennae whitish-grey.
Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish;
anterior pair grey anteriorly with white bars on tarsi. Fore-
wings broadly oval, costa strongly arched, apex very obtusely
rounded, termen not oblique, rounded beneath ; whitish-grey ;
veins finely dotted with fuscous; an outwardly- -curved line,
suffused posteriorly, from 4 costa to + dorsum: costal edge
narrowly ochreous-whitish; a fine qaberruphed -dark-fuscous
line on apex and termen, rarely reaching as far as tornus;
ciha whitish. Hindwings and cilia whitish.

In one female example the costal edge from near base to
apex is beautifully rosy.

/Tab.—Queensland: Brisbane (Moggill Creek Sour.
September, December, January, March, and April; tale
specimens,

PERITORNEUTA STIGMATIAS, Turn.: ante, 1900, p. 14.

Forewings pale-fuscous or grey without pinkish tinge,
dots better marked than in the next species, in particular a
larger dot beneath middle of fold.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Kil-
larney.

PERITORNEUTA THYELLIA, Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 162.

Closely allied to the preceding, but I think they are
distinct.

Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton, Duaringa, Hidsvold,

Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Coolangatta, Rosewood; New
South Wales: Newcastle.

121

NOTES ON SOME MISCELLANEOUS COLEOPTERA, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.—PART Ili.

By ArtrHur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum. |

[Read June 14, 1917.]
PLATES aebL: - 0; XV,

CICINDELIDAE.

CICINDELA ANTIQUA, N. sp.
Pie xa, die, 1.

3d. Of a dull-golden colour, in places with greenish or
fiery-red gleams; labrum, mandibles (tips black), palpi (tips
metallic), and elytra (but these with conspicuous markings)
milky-white; four basal joints of antennae metallic, the
others pale but lightly infuscated towards tip; sterna golden-
green in middle, becoming golden at sides, abdomen light
castaneous, the sides paler. With dense white setae from apex
of sides of prothorax to beyond middle of sides of abdomen,
and more expanded on sides of metasternum than elsewhere;
similar setae on femora, four front coxae, and forming a
fringe at apex of prothorax.

Head densely and finely corrugated, becoming shagreened
in middle of base. Labrum moderately long, middle produced
and hooked, with four setiferous punctures near the margin.
Prothoraz lightly transverse, apex bisinuate, with a bisinuate
impression near apex, another near base, and with a median
connecting line; surface densely and finely vermiculate or
coarsely shagreened. Scutellum with dense rugose punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, sides near apex finely
serrated, each with a fine mucro at apex of suture; metallic
parts densely, coarsely, and angularly punctate, especially
about base. Legs long; three basal joints of front tarsi
somewhat dilated, and densely clothed on one side of under-
surface. Length, 10 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby (W. D. Dodd).
Type (unique), I. 7541.

Of the ypsilon group of the genus, from all of which it is
readily distinguished by the coarse elytral sculpture (more
than twice as coarse as in rafflesia). The metallic parts of
elytra are very irregularly distributed, and are not alike on
both sides; almost all the metallic parts of the upper-surface
are without gloss (much like old metal), but the front parts

122

of the head are somewhat shining, and the parts below the
eyes are very bright.

DISTYPSIDERA PICTIPENNIS, 0. sp.

Q. Black, with a greenish or purplish gloss, the purple
more pronounced on the under- than on the upper-surface;
basal joint of antennae, base of mandibles, palpi (tips
excepted), shoulders, base, and an interrupted median fascia
on elytra, and parts of the legs, more or less flavous.

Head conspicuously corrugated between eyes, basal
portion convex and finely shagreened. Labrum with three
teeth (each marked by a setiferous puncture) on each side.
Antennae rather long and very thin. Prothoraz slightly
longer than wide, with a conspicuous transverse impression
near apex, and another near base ; nowhere corrugated, but the
disc very finely wrinkled, the sides being quite smooth. Llytra
parallel-sided to near apex, where each is finely mucronate at
the suture; with dense and large punctures, becoming trans-
versely confluent only between median fascia and suture and
behind the fascia. Legs very long and thin. Length, 13 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Stewart River (W. D. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 7533.

In general appearance like parva, but larger, pronotum
with wrinkling practically absent, and tip of labrum different.
In Sloane’s table parva is separated from gruti by the ‘‘Palpi
pale testaceous’’ as against ‘‘Palpi with apical joints
black’’ ;@ this species would therefore (by that table) appear
to be nearer to gruti, but it differs in being smaller, and with
the markings of the elytra with punctures as on the adjacent
spaces (as on flavicans, flavipes, and parva), very different
to those of gruti, hackert, and volitans. The pale portions of
the elytra are a median fascia narrowed to the sides and
interrupted before the suture, and the shoulders with the
space adjacent to them both towards the suture, and in an
oblique direction from the medio-basal depression; of the
legs the pale parts are the trochanters, parts of the coxae,
basal half and lower parts of the four front femora, and
rather more than the basal half of the hind femora. The
apical fifth of the elytra is conspicuously dark metallic-green,
but between it and the median fascia the derm is more
purplish, the two colours rather sharply limited.

MEGACEPHALA AUSTRALIS, Chaud.

A specimen of this species from Adelaide has parts of the
four hind femora and tibiae deeply infuscated. There are

(1) On: many ppecmene OF parva in the Miaseun the apical
joints are quite as dark as on many of gruti.

123

specimens in the Museum from Cooper Creek, Coward
Springs, Goolwa, Hergott, Kangaroo Island, Karoonda,
Oodnadatta, Orrallina Springs, and Strathalbyn.

MEGACEPHALA BOSTOCKI, Cast.

It is only the female of this species that has a conspicuous
notch on each elytral margin; the black parts of the elytra
occasionally have a purplish or greenish gloss. There are
specimens in the Museum from Barrow Creek, Daly River,
Derby, Laura, Roebuck Bay, and Tennant Creek.

MEGACEPHALA MURCHISONI, Fleut.

Mr. W. D. Dodd took a specimen of this species at Roe-
bourne, whose elytra are deep purple, the head (except
muzzle) and prothorax black, with purple gleams in places.
There are normal specimens in the Museum from Cue,
Kalgoorlie, and Lakes Austin and Lefroy.

CICINDELA IOSCELES, Hope.

On the more common form of this species (described as
hackeri by Sloane) the white stripe near the side of each
elytron is continuous from the base to near the apex, with
several spur-like extensions towards the disc; but on many
specimens the stripe is broken up into three disconnected
curved spots. Specimens in the Museum are from Cairns,
Cape York, Kuranda, Endeavour and Stewart Rivers.

CICINDELA QUEENSLANDICA, Sloane.

The only male of this species in the Museum differs from
some females in being slightly smaller, and with the three
basal joints of the front tarsi densely pilose on the under-
surface. The late Mr. J. A. Anderson pointed out to me a
short stretch of the beach at Cairns where he had occasionally
seen it, and said that when disturbed it flew straight out
to sea. Recently the species has been taken at the Stewart
River, by Mr. W. D. Dodd.

CICINDELA PLEBEIA, Sloane.

I have taken this species in abundance at Nelson (near
Cairns) by means of the sweep-net, and am averse to regard-
ing it as a variety of mastersi. It is consistently much smaller
than that species (or its variety catoptriola), invariably
blackish, with curious longitudinal velvety patches on the
elytra (certainly traces of these are sometimes to be seen on
catoptriola), the lateral markings much reduced in size (some-
times absent), the postero-discal spot absent or very feeble,
and the median tooth of the labrum much more prominent.

124

CICINDELA YPSILON, Dej.
var. albicans, Chaud.

C’. ypsilon has very variable markings, and I have never
been able to satisfactorily distinguish albicans from it: in
Sloane’s revision the two are separated by—
¢. Without mucro at sutural apex of each elytron and

with apical curve hardly serrate ... ... Yypsilon
o. With a short mucro at sutural apex of each elytron,
apical curve strongly serrate oa ve ... albicans

but in all the males I have seen (including many from
Sydney) the male has a mucro at the apex, although it is
usually very small; serrations are also present, although
rather less distinct than in the Northern Queensland form
recognized as albicans. At the most it appears that albicans
should be regarded as a slight variety of ypsilon.

CICINDELA FRENCHI, Sloane.

The male (not described by Sloane) differs from the
female in being somewhat narrower, with the three basal
joints of front tarsi somewhat wider, and densely pilose on
the under-surface. The metallic parts of the upper-surface
are decidedly green on one of the males, especially on the
head and prothorax. The Museum specimens are from Derby.

The other Australian species in the Museum are as
follows :—

MEGACEPHALA BLACKBURNI, Fleut. Elder Expedition.

. CRUCIGERA, Macl. Cairns.

. cyLtinpRica, Macl. Lake Callabonna, MacDonnell

Ranges, Peake.

FRENCHI, Sloane. Murchison.

. GREYANA, Sloane. Western Australia.

. HELMSI, Blackb. Types.

. HOPEI, Cast. Derby.

HOWITTI, Cast. Lake Callabonna.

. HUMERALIS, Macl. Stewart River.

. MARGINICOLLIS, Sloane. Daly River.

. MURCHISONI, Fleut. Cue, Kalgoorlie, Lake Austin.

. SCAPULARIS, Macl. Northern Queensland.

DISTYPSIDERA FLAVICANS, Chaud. Northern Queensland,

Brisbane.

D. FLAvirEs, Macl. Cairns. :

D. cruti, Pasc. Cairns, Coen, Endeavour and Stewart
Rivers.

D. HACKERI, Sloane. Coen River.

D. parva, Macl. Cairns, Coen River.

=

Zgeesiccise

125

D. unpuLtata, Westw. Brisbane, Gympie, Mungar Junc-

tion, Port Denison.

D. votitans, Macl. Mackay.

CICINDELA ALBOLINEATA, Macl. Derby.

. BROWNI, Sloane. Lake Austin.

. DARWINI, Sloane. Darwin.

. DISCRETA, Schaum., var. FROGGATTI, Macl. Cairns.

DODDI, Sloane. Cairns, Coen and Stewart Rivers.

. LEAI, Sloane. Cairns, Coen and Stewart Rivers.
LEAI, var. NIGELLA, Sloane. Cairns, Coen, Daly,
and Stewart Rivers.

MASTERSI, Macl. New South Wales, Cue, Innamincka.

MASTERSI, var. CATOPTRIOLA, Horn. Cairns, Cunna-
mulla, Darwin, Derby, Fortescue, and Stewart
Rivers.

C. nierina, Macl. Cairns, Darwin, Kuranda, Coen and

Stewart Rivers.

. RAFFLESIA, Chaud. Carnarvon.

SEMICINCTA, Br. Cairns, Calvert Expedition, Endeav-
our and Fortescue Rivers, Mount Painter (Flinders
Range), Port Darwin.

C. sorTicgeRA, Horn. Lake Alexandrina, Yorke Penin-

sula.

C. TETRAGRAMMA, Boi. Kalgoorlie.

TRICONDYLA APTERA, Oliv. Coen River.

Ae aaeaaa

AA

PSELAPHIDAE.
HaAMOTOPSIS AURICOMUS, Lea.

Taken by Mr. Feuerheerdt at Lucindale from nests of
Amblyopone australis, and of Ectatomma metallicum.

BATRISODES BIMUCRONATUS, Rafir.
A specimen of this species was taken by Mr. E. H.
Zeck from ‘‘amongst a swarm of small black ants, possibly
Iridomyrmex, sp.’’

ARTICERUS FORTNUMI, Hope.

This species is common in many parts of South Australia,
in nests of several species of Zridomyrmex. On one occasion
140 were taken from a small nest under a stone at Angaston ;
they were freely mating, and the ants appeared to take no
notice of them.

ARTICERUS CYLINDRICORNIS, Raffr.

Common in many parts of South Australia in nests of
Iridomyrmex nitidus.

126

PAUSSIDAE.
PAUSSUS AUSTRALIS, Blackb.

I examined the type of this species shortly after its
description, and although it was recorded as from Mount
Bartle-Frere in Queensland, was dubious as to the locality,
and recently wrote to Mr. Arrow about it. In reply he wrote,
“It is an Abyssinian species, I think P. chevrolatz, Westw.’’
No doubt the error was due to the misplacement of a label.

HISTERIDAE.
CHLAMYDOPSIS cCOMATA, Blackb.
Eucurtia paradoxa, Mjob.

Being doubtful as to whether these names represented
more than one species, I asked Mr. Lewis’ opinion as to the
same; in reply he wrote, ‘“Mr. Arrow and I have carefully
compared the type of Blackburn’s C. comata, with Hucurtia
paradoxa, and we both consider the figure of the last species
represents the first.’’

SCARABAEIDAE.
DIPHUCEPHALA REGALIS, 0. sp.

¢. Golden-green or golden, elytra purple, legs flavous,
hind tibae (except base) and tarsi (except claws) and club of
antennae black. Head and prothorax (except along middle)
with depressed ochreous scales, under-surface and pygidium
with denser and paler scales, middle of abdomen without
scales, but with rather long, stramineous setae, becoming
fasciculate at tip; legs with long setae, similar in colour to
the parts on which they rest.

Head with fairly dense punctures, distinct at base but
more or less concealed elsewhere; clypeus elongate, sides
gently rounded, tips feebly elevated, the notch incurved to
middle. Prothoraz about as long as the basal width, apex
much narrower than base, median line rather deep, narrow,
and continuous, each side of middle with a transverse line
completely isolated from median line, and marked by a
conspicuous angle on the side; punctures rather small, sparse,
and sharply defined, except where concealed by clothing.
Scutellum polished and impunctate. Hlytra distinctly wider
than prothorax; with several feeble longitudinal ridges,
between which are numerous irregular and rather shallow
punctures, the whole (except. for the shoulders) finely shag-
reened. Front t¢bzae with a strong tooth near the apical hook ;
front tarsi with first joint rather small, second very wide,
third somewhat narrower, fourth small; hind tarsi much
longer than tibiae. Length (¢, 9), 64-64 mm.

f

127

Q. Differs in having the head smaller, clypeus with a
conspicuous transverse carina, the tips less elevated, and the
space between them less incurved, legs shorter, front tarsi
much narrower, and abdomen more convex in middle, with
the long setae less conspicuous.

Hab.—Queensland: Claudie River (J. A. Kershaw),
Coen River (H. Hacker, from C. French’s collection). Types
in National Museum.

An extremely beautiful species, in some respects close
to pulcherrima, but club black, no part of elytra reddish, and
front tarsi much wider; from the variety of mitens with
purplish elytra it differs in being larger, elytral punctures
very different, and clothing of prothorax and head much
denser, etc.

DIPHUCEPHALA NIGRITARSIS, N. sp.

¢. Golden green, parts of upper-surface with a
reddish gloss, legs reddish-flavous, three or four apical joints
of tarsi and club of antennae black. Rather densely clothed
-with depressed and moderately long setae, stramineous on
upper-surface, whitish elsewhere, but black on dark parts
of tarsi.

Head with crowded, reticulate, shagreened punctures;
tips of clypeus strongly produced and rounded off, the notch
deep and wide. Prothorax rather strongly transverse, sides
acutely angular in middle, with a rather deep and wide
median depression narrowed to apex, with a deep curved
impression towards each side and almost traceable to middle;
punctures much as on head. Scutellum polished and (except
at base) impunctate. Hlytra not much wider than prothorax,
shoulders rounded, each with two rather feeble discal costae;
with rather large and deep, sharply-defined punctures, many
of which are transversely confluent. Legs moderately long;
front tarsi scarcely wider than middle ones. Length, 8 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Barrington Tops, January,
1916 (H. J. Carter). Type (unique), I. 6668.

In general appearance close to zgnota, but elytra with
punctures larger, the transverse arrangement more evident,
and the front tarsi much narrower; from nitidicollis, with
which it would be associated in Blackburn’s table, it differs
in its much denser and otherwise different prothoracic punc-
tures, larger elytral ones, and in its more golden colour. The
elytral clothing (which has nowhere a linear tendency) is
rather sparser than elsewhere; the tip of the pygidium is
glabrous.

PHYLLOTOCIDIUM BIMACULIFLAVUM, n. sp.

¢. Black, with a more or less purplish or brassy gloss;
sides of prothorax narrowly flavous with a metallic gloss,

128

scutellum metallic-green, each elytron with a large irregular
flavous spot, commencing near the base and occupying most
of the basal third ; parts of under-surface conspicuously green,
legs varying from flavous to black, the femora more or less
conspicuously green; parts of antennae and of palpi obscurely
flavous. Sides of under-surface with rather dense, whitish
hairs, elsewhere with scattered hairs; upper-surface almost
glabrous.

Head with crowded and sharply-defined but not very
large or deep punctures; clypeal suture well defined; labrum
gently incurved to middle. /Prothorax lightly transverse,
sides moderately rounded in middle, front narrowed, with the
front angles produced to about middle of eyes, hind angles
almost rectangular, median line feeble; punctures sharply
defined but not very dense. Seutellum except at tip with
rather dense punctures. Hlytra at base the width of prothorax,
slightly dilated to beyond the middle; with irregularly dis-
tributed punctures of small size; striation feeble and irregu-
larly defined. Four front tars, each with two conspicuous
whitish lamellae between the claws. Length, 64-7 mm.

Hab.—-New South Wales: Dorrigo (H. J. Carter, from
R. J. Tillyard). Type, I. 6885.

Much larger and very differently coloured to either of
the two previously-named species (macleayt and mctum).
Two specimens agree well in colour, a third has prothorax
flavous, with a metallic gloss and two large irregular infus-
cate vittae; its elytra are mostly flavous, with an irregular
purplish post-median fascia narrowly connected along the
sides with the shoulders; its sterna and legs are also mostly
flavous, but with a greenish gloss.

MALACODERMIDAE.
LAIUS MIRACULUS, 0. sp.
Pisa fox! (2:

3. Flavous or reddish-flavous; two small spots at base
of head, two oblique elliptic discal spots on pronotum, each
shoulder, and a large somewhat curved patch towards apex
of each elytron, metasternum, hind tibiae, and tarsi, and tip
of hind femora, more or less metallic-green ; tips of pygidium,
middle tarsi, and apical half of antennae infuscated. Clothed
with short, sparse pubescence, and in addition (more notice-
ably on the elytra than elsewhere) with erect, blackish hairs.

Head minutely punctate; with a transverse semidouble
impression at base, and a smaller (and also semidouble) one
between eyes. Antennae short, first joint slightly longer than
second and third combined, second larger than third, but

129

much the same shape, third-ninth equal in length but slightly
diminishing in width, tenth distinctly longer than ninth.

Prothoraz rather widely transverse, much wider at apex than
at base, a conspicuous pointed process from middle of apex,
each side near apex with a large subtriangular excavation,
overhanging each of which is a conspicuous pointed process ;

punctures small and sparse. Hlytra parallel-sided, very little
wider than apex of prothorax, finely wrinkled and shagreened.

Second’ joint of front tarse concealing third from above, with
a conspicuous black curved rim. Length, 3? mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type (unique), I. 7563.

Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
three remarkable processes on the prothorax ; it is one of the
very few species whose (apparent) second joint of antennae
is not distorted in the male. The spots at the base of the head
are distinct on the type, but are so close to the base that they
may be concealed on some specimens.

LaIus APICICOLLIS, 0. sp.
Phe sii, fies! 9,30,

3. Flavous; the elytra reddish-flavous, with the
shoulders and a somewhat curved subapical patch on each
metallic-purple; medio-basal portion of head, medio-apical
portion of prothorax, metasternum, middle tarsi, hind tibiae
and tarsi, and tips of femora and antennae (basal Joints
excepted) more or less black. With numerous erect blackish
hairs, and sparse, fine, whitish pubescence.

Head largely and irregularly excavated at the base, with
a conspicuous black semidouble tubercle in the middle; with
minute scattered punctures. Antennae rather short, first
joint as long as the three following combined, second-seventh
of much the same shape, the second very little longer than
third, eighth produced to one side at apex, ninth and tenth
curved backwards. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides
rather strongly rounded, middle of apex suddenly depressed,
with from the edge of the depression a conspicuous semi-
double elevation; with small, scattered punctures. Hlytra not
much wider than prothorax ; surface wrinkled and with very
fine punctures. Second joint of front tars concealing third
from above, with a conspicuous black outer rim. Length,
5 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type (unique), I. 7562.

Readily distinguished from all other described species
of the genus by the remarkable base of head. and apex of
prothorax ; its nearest ally is armicollis,, but. that species has

F

130

the parts mentioned very different, and differs considerably
in its markings.
LAIUS MIROCERUS, N. sp.
Plo xi., fic. 3; pl. xm mes:

3. Dark metallic-blue (in places almost black) ; medio-
apical portion of elytra and most of second joint of antennae
reddish-flavous. Clothed with numerous erect, whitish and
greyish hairs, and with sparse, whitish pubescence.

Head obliquely flattened in front; with rugose but rather
small punctures. Antennae moderately long, first joint stout
and somewhat angular, second large and distorted, convex
on the lower surface, irregularly concave on the upper, third
to ninth joints each with a ramus somewhat longer than its
supporting joint, tenth joint somewhat longer than ramus
of ninth. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long, sides
strongly and evenly rounded; surface sparsely granulate-
punctate. lytra not much wider than prothorax, sides
feebly dilated to near apex; finely wrinkled and shagreened
and subgranulate. Front é2b2ae with apical third somewhat
dilated, front tarsi with second joint very little larger than
first, and not concealing third. Length (¢, 9), 34-4 mm.

Q. Differs; in having less prominent eyes, antennae
with the first jot smaller, second much smaller, not distorted
and much the shape of third, fourth to ninth serrate, pro-
thorax flavous with a black discal patch, front tibiae shorter,
not dilated at apex, and front tarsi thinner.

Hab.—Victoria: Sea Lake (J. C. Goudie, his Nos. 803
and 808).: Type, I. 7587.

Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
pectinate antennae of the male; on two females there is a
black, discal, isolated blotch on the pronotum, but on two
others the blotch is larger and connected with each
side towards the base. The female in some respects resembles
some females of distortus, but the antennae are more notice-
ably serrated with the eleventh joint conspicuously longer,
and the elytral punctures much less noticeable.

LAIUS MELANODERES, 0. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 10, 32, 33.

3. Black; a wide median fascia on elytra narrowly
connected along suture with a dilated apical portion, abdomen
(each segment infuscated on each side) and second joint of
antennae flavous. Comparatively densely (for the genus)
clothed with short, whitish pubescence.

Head rather wide, with prominent eyes; punctures
moderately dense and rugose. Antennae not very long, first

131

joint stout and dilated to near apex, second large, distorted,
and lop-sided, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave
on upper, the following joints all short. Prothorax very
little wider than long, sides rounded and distinctly wider at
apex than at base, with a transverse depression near base;
with dense and small, subrugose punctures, but becoming
rather sharply defined on sides. EHlytra wider than base of
prothorax, sides gently dilated to beyond middle; with dense
and small but sharply-defined punctures, quite as distinct on
all parts of the black markings as elsewhere. Length
(3, 2); 2-23 oe

@. Differs in having first joint of antennae smaller,
second joint much smaller and not distorted, and in the
front tarsi.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 7569.

The pattern of the elytral markings is somewhat as on
some of the smaller species, but the entirely black prothorax
and curious second joint of antennae are very distinctive; the
second joint of the antennae of the female is much larger than
is usual on that sex, being almost as long as the third and
fourth combined, and considerably stouter.

LAIUS FLAVONOTATUS, n. sp.
Pi mitt. ies, 11 34,) 35:

3. Black, with a vague bluish gloss; elytra with seven
flavous spots, second joint of antennae and part of abdomen
reddish-flavous. Clothed with short, blackish pubescence.

Head gently convex, with a longitudinal impression in
middle, with an impression in front of each eye; with dense
and small punctures. Antennae short, first joint stout, with
an angular elevation in middle, second Jarge and distorted,
convex on the lower-surface, irregularly concave on the upper,
and with irregular elevations, appearing different from almost
every point of view, the following joints all short. Prothoraz
strongly transverse and evenly convex, sides strongly rounded ;
with small and very dense punctures. Hlytra at base not
much wider than base of prothorax, but distinctly dilated to
near the apex; with dense, fairly large, and sharply-defined
punctures, smaller and sparser on the postmedian and apical
spots than elsewhere. Second joint of front tarsz rather large
and lop-sided. Length (3, 9), 24-22 mm.

@. Differs in having the head scarcely impressed along
middle, and not excavated in front of eyes, first joint of
antennae smaller and simple, second much smaller and simple
(it is, however, much larger and stouter than the third), and
in the front tarsi. 7

F2

132

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Bipesbarn! s collection).
Type, I. 7568... .

A small black: species, with algeed spots very different
to those of any previously-described Australian species; they
are almost sulphur-coloured, and four form a transverse series
just before the middle, two near the apex, and one (common
to both) at the apex itself. The excavation in front of each
eye of the male is narrowly margined with flavous; the elytral
suture is less elevated than is usual in the genus.

_ Larus SORDIDUS, nN. sp.

Q. Of an opaque, dingy, hght castaneous-brown ; three
basal joints of antennae paler, the others infuscated, elytra
with obscure markings across the basal fourth and across the
middle. With numerous long, erect, blackish hairs scattered
about.

Head larger than usual, densely and finely punctate or
shagreened:; with a.narrow median line. Antennae not very
long, first joint about as long as three following combined,
second almost: as long as two following combined, the others
all small, but tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothorax
moderately transverse, sides strongly rounded in front, and
subarcuate towards base, with a wide sub-basal depression,
surface sculptured much as head. H#lytra much wider than
base of prothorax, sides dilated to near apex; surface shag-
reened and very densely punctate. Hind tzbiae rather long
and moderately curved. Length, 34-3? mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Hughendon (A. M. Lea). Type,
I) DUO: ul

A sordid. species in general appearance, strikingly differ-
ent to any other known from Australia, and hence has been
described, although only two females were taken. On the
basal fourth of the elytra there is an obscure infuscated
fascia extending from the side to the suture, at the middle
there is another fascia, distinct at the sides but very feeble
towards the suture; the space between the two fasciae> is
conspicuously paler than elsewhere on one specimen, but not
much so on the other.

LaIUsS AMMOPHILUS, N. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 12, 13.

2. Bright metallic bluish-green or purplish; prothorax,
parts of elytra and of appendages flavous, rest of appendages
and under-surface black, with a more or less metallic gloss.
Clothed with rather short, suberect pubescence.

Head with crowded and comparatively coarse punctures.
Antennae moderately long, first joint as long as second and

133

third combined, second as long as third and fourth combined,
tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothorax widely trans-
verse, sides strongly rounded; punctures at sides much ag on
head, but less crowded in middle. EHlytra at base not much
wider than widest part of prothorax, sides gently dilated to
near apex; surface finely shagreened and with comparatively
coarse, crowded punctures, no sparser on any of the metallic
parts than elsewhere. Length, 35-4 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Lake Callabonna (A. Zietz),
Orrallina Springs (R. T. Maurice). Type, I. 7583.

I have named the specimens before me, although they
are females, as the elytral markings are quite as densely and
strongly punctured as the surface in their vicinity; the head
is also unusually flat, and with punctures very similar to those
on the elytra. Four specimens were taken, of which two (one
of which is the type) have the whole of the dark markings on
the elytra connected (fig. 12), on the other two (fig. 13) the
basal and subapical markings are disconnected, but the sub-
apical ones are connected across the suture. On three
specimens the antennae are pale, but infuscate towards the
tips, but the specimen from Orrallina Springs has the eight
apical joints black, with a slight bluish gloss; the front tibiae
and tarsi are flavous, the middle ones somewhat infuscated.

LaIus ACERVATUS, n. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 14, 36, 37.

3d. Flavous or reddish-flavous; head (parts of muzzle
excepted), scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum, most of
abdomen, hind femora, and part of middle femora black, with
a slight ‘metallic gloss, tarsi and part of front femora infus-
cated ; each elytron with a large basal spot (the two conjoined
at suture), and a large, free, suboval, subapical spot metallic-
green (or blue). Moderately densely clothed with short,
suberect, whitish pubescence.

Head almost flat between eyes, and with very minute
punctures. Antennae moderately long, first joint stout and
dilated to apex, second large and distorted, convex on lower-
surface, irregularly concave on upper, third to ninth moder-
ately long and lightly serrate, tenth thin, as long as eighth
and ninth combined. Prothorazx almost twice as wide as long,
sides strongly rounded; with fairly distinct punctures on
sides, but sparse and indistinct in middle. Elytra very little
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex ;
with dense and small, but sharply-defined punctures, as
distinct on all parts of metallic markings as elsewhere. Second
joint of front tarsi with a conspicuous, black outer rim.
Length (¢, 9), 35-4 mm.

134

©. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, no part
between these and the antennae flavous, the antennae shorter ;
first joint less dilated to apex, second much smaller and simple
(but almost as long as the third and fourth combined), elytra
less parallel-sided, and in the front tarsi.

Hab.—Queensland: Winton (A. M. Lea).

A small species with elytral punctures quite as sharply
defined on the whole of the metallic parts as elsewhere; a
character by which it may be readily distinguished from
carus, eyrensis, and other species with somewhat similar
markings; the entirely pale antennae are also distinctive. A
female (from Hughendon) appears to belong to the species,
but is not quite so brightly coloured.

LAIUS STENOTARSUS, n. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 15, 38.

do. Flavous; head (except sides of muzzle), seven apical
joints of antennae, scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum,
most of abdomen, hind legs, and most of middle ones, black
or blackish; elytra metallic-blue, with a wide, median, flavous
fascia dilated at suture and sides. Clothed with long,
straggling, blackish hairs, and with sparse, pale pubescence.

Head with dense and minute punctures. Eyes more
prominent than usual. Antennae moderately long, first joint
stout, dilated to apex and there acutely produced upwards,
second large and distorted, convex on the lower-surface and
irregularly concave on the upper, with an obtuse elevation
at the middle of the inner edge, third joint longer than fourth,
the others feebly decreasing in size, but tenth distinctly
longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
strongly and evenly rounded, a shallow transverse depression
towards base. L/ytra not much wider than widest part of
prothorax, sides almost parallel to near apex; with crowded
and rather small, but sharply-defined punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on parts of the metallic markings.
Front femora largely excavated in middle; front tarsi much
thinner than usual, but second joint with a thin black outer
rim. Length, 3 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River (H. Wesselman).
Type (unique), I. 7577.

Of the size and general appearance of carus, and with
similar (except as to colour) front legs, but apical markings
of elytra connected across suture, two basal joints of antennae
entirely pale, the projection at tip of the first joint stouter,
and the second somewhat different in shape; from egenus it
differs in being narrower, with coarser punctures on the basal
markings of elytra, and in its pale front legs. A single

135

specimen was sent (with many other insects) as having been
taken from an insect-catching plant.

LAIUS CONCAVIFRONS, 0. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 16, 39.

6. Flavous, in places reddish-flavous; basal half of
head, scutellum, metasternum, and most of abdomen black,
apical half of antennae more or less lightly infuscated ; elytra
with two longitudinal metallic-blue or purple vittae, each
narrowed in middle. Clothed with short, blackish, upright
setae, and with very sparse pubescence.

Head gently convex between eyes (these unusually promi-
nent) and concave in front, the concavity bounded on each
side by a distinct oblique ridge; with minute, irregularly-
distributed punctures. Antennae moderately stout, first joint
incurved on one side, subangularly dilated on the other,
second large and distorted, convex on lower surface, irregu-
larly concave on upper, triangularly produced on inner side
of base, none of the following joints serrated, tenth distinctly
longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
strongly rounded, with a transverse depression near base;
sides with dense and subrugose punctures, the middle shining
and with sparse and minute ones. Llytra not much wider
than widest part of prothorax, sides feebly dilated to near
apex ; with crowded and sharply-defined punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on parts of the metallic markings.
Second joint of front tars: partly overhanging third, and
with a conspicuous, black outer rim. Length (¢d, Q),
3-34 mm.

Q. Differs in having less prominent eyes, scarcely con-
cave in front, antennae shorter, first joint smaller and thinner,
second much smaller and simple (not as long as the third
and fourth combined), elytra less parallel-sided, and in the
front tarsi.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
Deo.

The elytral markings are suggestive of some forms of
flavopictus, but structurally the species is closer to eyrensis,
from which it differs in the longitudinally-connected mark-
ings of elytra (on one female the* markings are blackish
and almost disconnected in the middle), red muzzle, with
sides of head conspicuously elevated, and in the very different
basal joints of antennae. The suture and margins of elytra
are now conspicuously red, in strong contrast to the flavous
parts, but not much reliance is to be placed on this, as in
all probability the pale parts in time will become of a
uniform shade of colour. On some of the specimens the front

136

of the prothorax is semitransparent, allowing part of the head
to appear as a dark subapical line; but this also will probably
disappear in time. There are nine specimens under examina-
tion, but only one male.

LAIUS FILAMENTARIUS, N. sp.
Pl.: xia y eos yseA0y

3. Reddish-flavous; head (except apical third) and
elytral markings bright metallic-blue (or purple); scutellum,
mesosternum, metasternum, parts of abdomen, legs, and
seven apical joints of antennae black, with a more or less
distinct bluish gloss. Upper-surface with numerous long,
upright, blackish hairs, head, under-surface, and _ legs
moderately densely pubescent.

Head flattened between eyes, with a shallow depression
in front and another across base; punctures inconspicuous.
Eyes rather large and prominent. Antennae moderately
long, first joint stout, dilated to near apex, second large and
distorted, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave on
upper, with two long, thin filaments (each about the length
of the first joint) projecting obliquely backwards from the
front edge, the edge between them semicircularly notched,
the following joints all longer than wide, and not serrated,
tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly trans-
verse, widest at apical third, with a shallow depression near
base; punctures very sparse and small. Hlytra at base
scarcely wider than widest part of prothorax, sides feebly
dilated to near apex; with crowded and rather coarse,
sharply-defined punctures, becoming much smaller and
sparser on most of the metallic parts. Front tars: with two
basal joints closely applied together. Length (¢, 9), 5-6 mm.

Q. Differs in having the head smaller, with less promi-
nent eyes, depressions less distinct, with an almost isolated
flavous spot in front; antennae with first joint thinner, second
much smaller and simple (about as long as third and fourth
combined), elytra less parallel-sided, and in the tarsi.

Hab.—Queensland: Emerald (twelve specimens, A. M.
Lea); New South Wales: Albury (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, 1.7547.

In general appearafce like large specimens of bellulus,
but at once distinguished from that species (as from all others
of the genus) by the two long filaments on the second joint
of the male antennae (the male of hackeri has two long
processes there, but they are of very different shape, and
that species differs in many other respects). Part of the
basal joint of the male antennae is blackish, and the second
joint has a narrow blackish line (invisible from above). The

137

metallic markings of the elytra occupy more than half of
the surface, and leave a zig-zag median fascia and an
irregular subquadrate apical patch pale; the pale parts are
reddish-flavous, becoming flavous where they join the dark
parts, but on some specimens the pale parts are already of
uniform colour; the dark parts become more conspicuously
purplish where they adjoin the median fascia. The specimen
from the Blackburn collection is a female, and agrees in all
respects (including the subisolated medio-frontal spot) with
females from Emerald.

LAIUS FLAVIFRONS, 0. sp.
Pigs xi, figs, 18, 41, 42.

6. Flavous, in places reddish-flavous; basal half of
head, scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum, tip of abdomen,
most of legs, and eight apical joints of antennae black, with
a more or less distinct metallic gloss; elytra with a rather
wide basal fascia, and a large postmedian spot, metallic-
purple or deep blue. Clothed with long, straggling, blackish
hairs, and with fairly distinct, whitish pubescence.

Head obliquely flattened, sides obliquely narrowed in
front of eyes; with minute punctures. Antennae rather short,
first joint stout and dilated to apex, second large and dis-
torted, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave on upper,
the following joints rather short, but tenth distinctly longer
than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides strongly
rounded; with numerous subasperate punctures on sides,
becoming smaller and sparser in middle. Llytra not much
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex;
with dense and rather small, but sharply-defined punctures,
less distinct on parts of metallic markings than elsewhere;
with feeble, piliferous granules. Second joint of front tarsi
almost concealing third from above, and with a narrow black
rim. Length (d, @), 4-5 mm.

Q. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, medio-
apical portion less depressed, the flavous portion considerably
smaller; antennae with first joint smaller, second much
smaller and simple (but considerably larger than third and
almost as long as third and fourth combined), elytra less
parallel-sided, and in the front tarsi.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
I. 7584.

The elytral pattern is much as on nodicornis and bellulus,
but the head and antennae are very different; cavicornis is
very similar in colour, but also has very different antennae.
The pale muzzle of the male has a curious triangular appear-
ance; on the male the hind legs, middle tibiae, and tarsi are

138

blackish, with the front tibiae infuscated; on the female
the legs are almost entirely black; the large subapical spots
on the elytra are usually separated, but on one specimen
the suture between them is infuscated. The basal joint of
the male antennae has a short but rather acute process, which
is invisible from most directions, owing to the overlapping
tip of the first joint.

LAIUS AULACOPHOROIDES, N. sp.
Pl. xiil., figs. 19, 43, 44.

6. Flavous, basal half of head and scutellum black; a
large spot on each shoulder and a large, curved, supapical
spot on each elytron (each of the latter touching its fellow
across the suture) metallic-purple (or blue, or bluish-green) ;
metasternum black or infuscated, extreme tip of antennae
infuscated with moderately dense and not very long, upright,
whitish and greyish setae.

Head with feeble depression in front, and with very
small punctures. Antennae short, first joint stout, angularly
dilated in middle on one side, second large and distorted,
convex on lower side, irregularly concave on upper, third
to sixth joints obtusely serrated on one side, the others more
rounded, tenth pointed and almost twice the length of ninth.
Prothorax almost twice as wide as long, sides strongly
rounded, apex truncate and much wider than base; sides
with rather coarse punctures, but becoming small and sparse
in middle. Hlytra comparatively short, base much wider than
base of prothorax; with dense and asperate but rather
sharply-defined punctures, becoming smaller and sparser on
parts of the metallic markings. Second joint of front tarsi
partly overlapping third, and with a conspicuous black rim.
Length (¢, 2), 5-6 mm.

@. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, antennae
with first joint much smaller, second much smaller and simple
(much stouter than third, and about as long as third and
fourth combined), tip of abdomen black, and in the
front tarsi.

Hab.—North-western Australia (Blackburn’s collection).
Lype, 1.7572.

In general appearance somewhat like verticalis (W. S.
Macl.), but with subapical markings not quite the same in
pattern, and without similar punctures to those on the
adjacent parts. At first glance it strikingly resembles
Aulacophora hilaris and other four-spotted species of that
genus. The second joint of the male antennae (in addition
to some vague depressions) has three conspicuous foveae
(two near the apex and a much larger one near the base).

139

About half of the females have the hind femora conspicuously
black in the middle.

LAIUS NODICORNIS, Blackb.

A variety of.this species (apparently commoner than the
typical form) occurs, whose pronotum has a conspicuous,
subquadrate, blackish blotch. Such specimens in general
appearance rather closely resemble villosus, orthodoxus, and
plagiaticollis, but may be at once distinguished by the second
joint of the male antennae. The female, described at the
same time as the typical male, had such a blotch, but it is
not confined to that sex. |

Hab.—New South Wales: Wentworth ; South Australia :
Petersburg, Adelaide, Minnipa Hill, Leigh Creek; Western
Australia: Kalgoorlie.

LAIUsS VARIEGATUS, Blackb.
Pie sana hie, $20). |

The type of this species is before me, and is a female.
I have seen no other specimen agreeing with it in markings,
but it is certainly allied to guinquenotatus, having the post-
median dark elytral markings quite as densely punctate as
the adjoining surface ; in fact, it seems possible that it should
be regarded as a variety of that species. The prothorax
was described as ‘‘fulvo, antice transversim late mgro-un-
lineato, disco maculatim wnfuscato,’’ but is now uniformly
flavous; probably the specimen when described had the
pronotum semitransparent, allowing part of the head to
appear as a dark transverse line (such apparent transverse
lines are often to be seen in fresh specimens of the genus).

LAIvs PRETIOSUS, Blackb.
Pl. xiii., figs. 21, 45, 46.

A male of this species (from Lake Callabonna) differs
from the female in having the first joint of antennae stouter,
and the second much larger and distorted, convex on the
lower-surface and irregularly concave on the upper; the two
specimens before me have the discal blotch on the pronotum
so large that only a narrow flavous border is left; the elytral
markings are somewhat like those of trisignatus, but the
surface is shagreened, rather than punctate.

LAIUS EYRENSIS, Blackb.
Pil xiii.,. figs. 22, ayeeds: :
The pattern of the elytrai markings of this species is
somewhat similar to those of sinus, but the prothorax is much

140

more transverse, and the two basal joints of antennae of the

male are very different.
Hab.—South Australia: Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.

LAIUS EGENUS, Lea.

Two females from Murray Bridge evidently belong to
this species, but differ from the types in having the apical
portion of the elytra not entirely black, as there is a somewhat
elliptic pale space on the suture, and on one of them this is
narrowly connected with the median fascia.

LAIUS TARSALIS, Lea.

Several females of this species (from Cairns) have a
large black spot on the disc of the pronotum, truncated in
front and bilobed behind; there are also two small spots
at the base.

LAIUS VERTICALIS, W. S. Macl.

Mr. W. D. Dodd took three females of this species at

Derby, but the male is still unknown.

Lalus TRISIGNATUS, Germ.
L. oblongosignatus, Fairm.

Several females (from Dalby) have the medio-sutural
markings of the elytra connected with the medio-apical one,
and agree with the description of oblongosignatus, which I
can only regard as a slight variety of trasiqnatus.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns, Dalby; South Australia:
Wirrabara, Mount Lofty, Adelaide. |

LAIUS QUINQUENOTATUS, Fairm.
Pl. xiii., figs. 23, 49, 50.

This species occurs in abundance on a myrtaceous shrub
at Rockhampton (the type locality), but when beating such
shrubs into an umbrella a few years ago very few of the species
fell into it, as they almost invariably at once took to flight;
this is in strong contrast to the sluggish habits of most species
of the genus. The type was a male, as the obtuse tooth in
the first joint of the antennae was mentioned; this tooth is
at the apex of the joint, projects almost vertically upwards,
and its tip is obtusely notched, the second joint is very large,
convex on the lower-surface, and irregularly concave on the
upper; the front femora have an excavation on the upper-
surface as on the males of cinctus, and of several other species.
The female differs in having the two basal joints of antennae
simple and not so brightly coloured, and gue front femora
and front tarsi simple. a

141

Var. 1. <A male from the Coen River agrees in all
respects with the typical form, except that the prothorax is:
entirely pale; and a female from Prince of Wales Island
has the prothorax similarly pale.

Var. 2. A female (fig. 23) from the Mary River appears
to represent another variety. It has the prothorax immacu-
late, and the dark mark at the base of the elytra disconnected
with the apical ones, and these connected only at the apex;
this variety certainly seems to be a connecting link with
variegatus.

LAIUS CINCTUS, Redt

A variety of this species, from Adelaide, has the dark
parts of the head and elytra entirely of a deep, shining black.

-Hab.—Queensland: Gayndah; New South Wales:
Sydney, Galston, Hornsby; Victoria: Alps and Dividing
Range ; South Australia: Lucindale, Mount Eeays Adelaide,
Largs Bay, Kangaroo Island.

Some other species in the Museum are from the following
localities : —

L. BELLULUS, Guer. Queensland (Longreach, Emerald,
Rockhampton, Gayndah, Dalby, Mount Tambourine),
Victoria (Alps, Geelong), South Australia (Karoonda to
Peebinga, Lucindale, Adelaide, Mount Lofty, Gawler, Leigh
Creek, Mount Painter, Lake Callabonna, Port Lincoln,
Kangaroo Island), Northern Territory (Tennant Creek).

L. ruavorictus, Lea. South Australia (Mount Lofty,
Strzlecki Creek). ie,

L. INTERMEDIUS, Lea. Western Australia (Warren and
Capel Rivers).

L. PURPUREICEPS, Lea. Western Australia (Cue).

The species known to me (including those here described)
and not included in the table in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London (1908, nee 152- Be) may be
added to that table as follows :—

A. L. purpureipennis, Lea. The _ differences
between this species and allem reside
mainly in the antennae of the male (see
description ; ante, 1916, p. 321).

B. Prothorax with an apical process. (2)

* Each side also with a process ... ae 1. -miraculus
** Without lateral processes. oe

t
!

+ Apical process strongly produced — and

acutely pointed ... armicollis

++ Apical process less pr oduced and bilobed apicicollis
BBB. * Antennae pectinate in male _.., .. mirocerus
** Antennae not pectinate in male _ .... C.and CC

(2)An alteration from the original, rendered necessary by
apicicollis.

142

C. * Elytra with a continuous median fascia ... melanoderes
** Without such a fascia.
+ Elytra with seven isolated pale spots ... flavonotatus
Fe pee with at. most four isolated pale
pots trisignatus
COo hse: Wists with a whitish elevated trans-
verse line re : minutus
idee Elytra without such a line quinquenotatus
bb. gg. * Dark portion of pronotum leaves
only a narrow pale margin ... pretiosus
* Dark portion much less extensive A and hh
DD Blytral markings not sharply defined sordidus
** Hlytral markings sharply defined EK and EE
E. * Size much above average : 7 and 77
** Of average size or small,
‘+ Punctures between eyes coarse.
{| Legs entirely reddish ay most apes
‘infusoated in parts) . purpureiceps
11 Legs mostly black ammophilus
t+ Punctures between eyes very fine.
t Head behind antennae partly pale.
ZA, Second joint of antennae of male
strongly produced forwards . hackeri
AA Second joint strongly prodaed |
backwards cavicornis
tt Head behind antennae entirely dark.
§ Each dark subapical spot entire acervatus
§§ Each dark subapical spot encloses
a pale spot . ae oe: . variegatus (3)
k. * Front legs dark egenus
** Front legs pale stenotarsus

FF. * Male with two long filaments on second

joint of antennae fillamentarius
** Male without such filaments EY G and GG
G.(4 * Markings longitudinally connected concavifrons
** Markings not so connected.
+ Medio-apical portion of head dark eyrensts
tt Medio-apical portion pale... ... flavifrons
GG. * Second joint of antennae entirely pale .... aulacophoroies
** Second joint partly or entirely dark ... H and HH

LYMEXYLONIDAE.

ATRACTOCERUS VICTORIENSIS, Blackb.

Pl. xa ieee 7o,rG:

The type of this species was stated to be in Mr. C.

French’s collection; in that collection (now in Melbourne in
the National Museum) there were three specimens standing
under that name, but Blackburn’s original label has been
removed; one specimen (a female) was specially labelled by
Mr. French, and as it is the only one of the length (104 lines)

(3) The type and only known specimen is a female.

(4)On most specimens of flavifrons the dark subapical mark-
ings terminate at or near the suture, but on one specimen the
suture itself is infuscated.

(5) By the courtesy of Mr.
examine them.

J. Kershaw I have been able to

143

given, it is presumably the type; there are also two co-type
females in the South Australian Museum. Its antennae have:
the joints swollen after the second, and after the sixth con--—
spicuously decrease in width with the apical joint pointed.
The palpi are also peculiar and somewhat as figured, but as:
certain of the parts appear to be adjustable they look different.
from different points of view, and on different specimens. The:
male has antennae with the third joint wider than the second,
but not to such a great extent as in the female, and the joints:
rapidly decrease in size to the sixth, which is only about one-
third the size of the second, the five following joints are very
thin. The length ranges from 12 to 22 mm. Three other
specimens in the National Museum were taken out of piles
in the Moe River, at Yarragon, by Mr. W. Kershaw.

ATRACTOCERUS TASMANIENSIS, 0. sp.
EEE ent 9 A wae,

3. Black; abdomen with a purplish gloss. In places
(including eyes) with short and more or less upright setae
or pubescence.

Head rounded; densely granulate-punctate; with a con-
spicuous median carina the length of eyes. Eyes large, fairly
close together in front. Antennae short, first joint moderately
large, second subglobular, third shorter but a trifle wider
than second, fourth to sixth rapidly decreasing in size,
seventh to eleventh thin. Prothorax longer than wide, widest
near apex, with a deep median groove; with dense and
sharply-defined punctures on sides, becoming sparser towards
middle. Llytra almost as long as head and prothorax com-
bined; finely shagreened, but about base with distinct
punctures. Abdomen long, thin, and parallel-sided. Front
legs rather short, the others long and thin. Length, 14-16 mm,

Hab.—Tasmania: Triabunna (G. H. Hardy). Type,
I. 6740.

The smallest Australian species of the genus, and readily
distinguished from the others by its carinated head. The
palpi are of remarkable shape, but I have been unable to see
them very clearly. The three Australian species may be thus
tabulated :—

Eyes practically touching Baths ls a Mh cecal Otek 2 ee CTLGLETULE
Eyes moderately separated.
fiead not Canitaweme yt) ok wy.) bad | vlan occ VICEOTIENSIS
Head longitudinally carinated ... ... ... ... tasmaniensis

LYMEXYLON AUSTRALE, Er.
L. adelaidae, Blackb.

The type of australe was described as being black with
piceous legs, and four Tasmanian specimens before me agree

144

with the description. Four Tasmanian specimens from Black-
burn’s collection were standing under the name of australe,
and structurally they agree with the other four, but they
differ in being considerably paler, only the head and prothorax
being piceous, the elytra somewhat paler, and the legs and
palpi of a rather dingy castaneous-brown. Three Victorian
specimens in the National Museum are intermediate in colour.
L, adelaidae (of which the type is before me) appears to
represent only a slight colour variety; the differences in the
punctures mentioned by Blackburn are of an individual rather
than of a specific nature, and the interstices are much alike;
the depth and width of the prothoracic impression are also
liable to individual variation.

PTINIDAE.

Dr. Mjoberg has recently published a paper dealing with
Australian Ptimdae (Arkiv for Zoologi, 1916, Band 10,
No. 6). By stating (p. 1) that only ten Australian species
of Ptinus were described, and that of Ptinus albomaculatus,
Macl., “‘nothing of later hterature (than the original descrip-
tion) dealing with the species can be found,’’ it is evident
that he had overlooked my paper in the Proceedings of the
Jinnean Society of New South Wales for 1911 (pp. 468-474),
in which seven new species of the genus were described, and
albomaculatus was redescribed.

He proposes five new genera for myrmecophilous species,
but of these only one new genus is formally described ; of the
others Decemplocotes (p. 2) is proposed for Diplocotes decem-
articulatus, Lea, and D. strigicollis, Lea; Leaptinus (p. 3)
for Paussoptenus dolichognathus, Lea; Mesectrephes (p. 3) for
Ectrephes kingui, Westw.; and Monectrephes (p. 3) for £.
pascoer, Westw. On pp. 6, 7 is given a table of subfamilies,
and on pp. 7, 8 a key to the genera; the student being left to
gather information of the new genera from these, sometimes
wrong, particulars. The part of the key dealing with the
Ectrephinae is as follows : —

A. Antennae with a flat club consisting of

O JOINTS sa. eee
B. Antennae with the joints and the club,

firmly grown together into a broad

club, showing only indistinct marks
of the joints on the posterior margin Mesectrephes, Mjob.

C. Antennae with a club consisting only
of a long uniform joint... _ ... .... Monectrephes, Myjob.

Ectrephes, Pasc.

(6)I have not seen it in the original publication, having to
thank Dr. Mioberg for a reprint, in which the pages are 1-15; if
these are not the correct pages it will be necessary to alter those
given in my notes.

145

But the typical species of Hetrephes is certainly formi-
carum, Pasc., described as having ‘‘antennae triarticulatae ;
articulo . . . tertio elongato, compresso, amce oblique
truncato.”’ Anapestus kreuslerr, King (of which there are
co-types before me), given as a synonym of #. formicarum,
was also described as having three-jointed antennae, with the
third joint ‘‘elongato oblique truncato,’’ and so figured. The
position assigned to Hetrephes in the key cannot be due to a
printer’s error, as /. clavatus, Mjob., is figured as having a
five-jointed club. I consider it necessary that, before some
of his genera are recognized, they should be formally diag-
nosed. Of the genera in the key :—

Ectrephes. The character given at A is wrong; the
species evidently intended for A was #. pascoei, Westw. (with
which #. clavatus, Mjob., should certainly be associated if
a new genus should be proposed for it); pascoer and
formicarum by some curious error were evidently reversely
identified.

Mesectrephes. Proposed for #. kingu, Westw. I think
it is a good genus, but that it should be formally diagnosed
(apparently it was unknown to Mjoberg, except from descrip-
tions and figures).

Monectrephes. Being founded upon the typical species
of Hetrephes (there is nothing to show that this was known
to Mjoberg) this name becomes an absolute synonym.

Enasiba tristis, Oll. Dr. Mjoberg’s surmise (p. 5) as to
the antennae of this species being really composed of ten
joints is correct ; I have examined the type.

Ptinus amoenus, Mjob. (p. 8, fig. 1). A beautiful little
‘species allied to adeps, but abundantly distinct; Dr. Mjoberg
took one specimen at Mount Tambourine, and I took
two there.

Ptinus australicus, Mjob. (p. 9, fig. 2). This is a synonym
of P. albomaculatus, Macl.; it was described as from Kim-
berley, in N.-W. Australia. There are specimens in the South
Australian Museum from N.-W. Australia (Fortescue River),
and Queensland (Cairns and Townsville). It is a fine species,
and the beautiful figure given agrees with many of our
specimens.

Diplocotes fovercollis, Oll. (p. 11). The range of this
species is extended to the Swan River.

Polyplocotes pilosus, Mjob. (p. 11, fig. 3). Kimberley.
Although with the apparently nine-jointed antennae of
Polyplocotes, the joints themselves are much like those of
Diplocotes, or of Decemplocotes. I have seen nothing at all
close to it except the species here described under the name
of longipes.

146

Paussoceros (p. 13); antennalis, Mjob. (p. 13, fig. 4).
Derby. A very distinct species, but the generic distinction
(as also that of Leaptinus) from Paussoptinus is purely an
arithmetical one. I have seen nothing close to it, but am
here describing a much smaller species, taken in numbers
from an ant’s nest.

Ectrephes clavatus, Mjob. (p. 14, fig. 5). Swan River.
Structurally close to pascoez, but evidently different by the
much larger prothoracic fovea, and the more conspicuously-
clothed elytra. Specimens (6) of pascoer before me (including:
two of the original specimens taken by the late Mr. F. du
Boulay) vary considerably in size, and in the intensity of
prothoracic striae, but they all differ from the figure of
clavatus in the particulars noted,

Decemplocotes brevipenns, Pic (Paussoptinus) (p. 6,
fig. 6). Professor Michaelsen sent to Dr. Mjoberg a figure
taken from the type of this species, and the figure makes it
certain that the species should never have been referred to
Paussoptinus, but that it is a Diplocotes (or a Decemplocotes,
if the latter genus is to be allowed to stand). It is also the
species I named Diplocotes decemarticulatus; Pic’s name has
priority.

The following is a list (with synonymy) of the Australian
Ptimdae (excluding the Anobiudes) hitherto recorded from
Australia :— .

DIPHOBIA FAMILIARIS, Oll.
Diplocotes niger, v. d. Poll.

DIPLOCOTES ARMICOLLIS, Lea.

BREVIPENNIS, Pic (Paussoptinus, Pic; Decem-

plocotes, Mjob.).
decemarticulatus, Lea.

FOVEICOLLIS, Oll.

HOWITTANUS, Westw.

STRIGICOLLIS, Lea (Decemplocotes, Mjob.).
EcTREPHES FORMICARUM, Pasc.

Anapestus kreusleri, King.
KINGII, Westw. (Mesectrephes, Mjob.).
PASCOEI, Westw. (Jfonectrephes, Myjob., in
error).

CLAVATUS, Mjob.
ENASIBA TRISTIS, Oll.
GIBBIUM sScoTIAS, Fabr.
HEXAPLOCOTES SULCIFRONS, Lea.
MEZIUM AFFINE, Boield.
NIPTUS HOLOLEUCUS, Fald.
PAUSSOCEROS ANTENNALIS, Mjob.
PAUSSOPTINUS DOLICHOGNATHUS, Lea (Leaptinus, Mjob.).

LATICORNIS, Lea.

147

PLOCOTES NIGROPICEUS, Pic.
POLYPLOCOTES CASTANEUS, Lea.
LONGICOLLIS, Westw.
NITIDUS, Westw.
OVIPENNIS, Lea.
PILOSUS, Mjob.
PTINUS ADEPS, Oll.
ALBOHUMERALIS, Lea.
ALBOMACULATUS, Macl.
australicus, Mjob.
AMOENUS, Myjob.
ANCHORALIS, Lea.
ATTRITUS, Oll.
CUPREONIGER, Lea.
EGENUS, Oll.
EMINENS, Oll.
EXULANS, Er.
FuR, Linn.
GLORIOSUS, Lea.
IMULUS, Oll.
LONGUS, Oll.
MEDIOGLABER, Lea.
MICROSCOPICUS, Lea.
NIVEONOTATUS, Lea.
TECTUS, Boield.
pilosus, White.
TRIGONOGENIUS GLOBULUS, Sol.

To these I have now to add several others, and note

additional localities for the following species :—

PTINUS ALBOHUMERALIS, Lea. Mittagong.

P. arrritus, Oll. Morgan, Adelaide, Port Lincoln.

P. EGENUS, Oll. Dividing Range, Victorian Alps.

P. EMINENS, Oll. Reared from Callipappus, sp., in abund-
ance in Western Australia.

P. ExuLaANs, Er. Victoria, South Australia.

EcTREPHES KINGII, Westw. Mullewa (from nest of
Iridomyrmex, sp.).

PAUSSOPTINUS LATICORNIS, Lea. Mindarie, Port Lin-
coln, Murray Bridge, and Murat Bay (from nests of
two species of 7ridomyrmez).

POLYPLOCOTES LONGICOLLIS, Westw.. Cue (from nest of
Iridomyrmex, sp.).

PTINUS LEUCOMELAS, N. sp.

Black. Clothed with long, straggling, blackish, erect
hairs ; under-surface with dense, greyish pubescence, becoming

148

denser and paler on sides of sterna and on legs; upper-surface
with snowy clothing in spots. |

Head with dense punctures. Antennae long and rather
thin, eleventh joint about one-third longer than tenth.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides gently incurved near
apex and again near base; with small flat granules inter-
spersed with punctures. Hlytra about twice the width of
prothorax, shoulders gently rounded, sides parallel to near
apex; with regular rows of moderately-large, sharply-defined
punctures, close together in the rows, and with a short row
on each side of the scutellum; interstices each with a row of
minute punctures. Length, 24 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 6701.

Allied to adeps, but somewhat narrower, suture not
clothed on apical slope, and prothoracic markings very
different. The snowy clothing of the upper-surface is as
follows:—A small spot on each side of the head, a vitta on
each side of the prothorax (the two narrowly connected at
the base), the scutellum, on each elytron a spot on the fifth
interstice near the shoulders, one common to the third and
fourth interstices at about one-third from the apex, and
the tip.

A specimen from Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s
collection) probably belongs to this species. It has spots as
on the type, but in addition near the apical third has spots
on the sixth-eighth interstices, so that there it appears to
have an interrupted fascia rather than spots.

PTINUS CAERULEIPENNIS, 0. sp.

Black: elytra deep blue. Clothed with long, straggling,
erect, blackish hairs; under-surface, most of legs, scutel-
lum, and a spot near each eye, with dense greyish or whitish
pubescence.

Head with dense and rather small punctures. Antennae
long and thin, eleventh joint more than once and one-half the
length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as wide, sides near
base rather strongly incurved; across base with a row of
distinct punctures, across apex more and larger ones, the
intervening space impunctate. Hlytra with outlines and
punctures as described in preceding species. Length, 3 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and
A.M. Lea). Type, I. 6699.

Structurally close to niveonotatus, but slightly larger;
elytra with more conspicuous punctures, and their colour and
clothing very different. On both specimens there is some
greyish clothing near the suture, which looks white from

149

some directions, but when viewed directly from behind
appears quite as black as the rest of the elytral clothing.
The two species here described, and amoenus, Mjob., all
iii to
‘‘q. Appendages black or almost so,
of my previous table 7) and with the species of a may now be
tabled :—

* Elytra more or less bluish.
+ Elytra with conspicuous snONy me ... albomaculatus
+t Elytra without such _.... . .. caeruleipennis
** Elytra not bluish.
b. Elytra with pale clothing on apical pomign
of suture a 2 \OGEDS
bb. Elytra without pale clothing ‘there.
c. Each Sopa) with a a spot of snowy
scales... .. niveonotatus
cc. Each with more than a ‘single spot of
snowy scales.
{ Third interstice with a snowy Spot at
basal third ... tha seta GMMOCTUUS
q§ Without a snowy spot there ws os. Leucomelas

MEZIUM SULCATUM, Fabr.

Mr. Champion identified some specimens from Western
Australia that I sent to him as belonging to this species, which
occurs also in South Australia and New South Wales, but does
not appear to have been previously recorded from Australia.

MEziIuM AFFINE, Boield.

Numerous specimens from South Australia agree well
with British specimens of this species.

MEzIvUM, sp.

A third species (no doubt introduced) also occurs in
Australia. In size it is intermediate between the two pre-
ceding species, and differs from them also in having numerous
stout setae scattered over the elytra from base to apex.

Hab.—South Australia: Coulta; Western Australia:
Geraldton, Swan River.

DIPLOCOTES FOVEICOLLIS, OIll.

Two specimens taken by Messrs. B. A. Feuerheerdt and
F. Secker, in ants’ nests at Lucindale, differ from specimens
agreeing with the type of this species in being larger (23-3
mm.), with the joints of the antennae stouter, and the elytra
practically glabrous.

(7) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1911, pp. 473, 474.

150

DIPLOCOTES STRIGICOLLIS, Lea.

On the male of this species the subapical joint of the
antennae is considerably larger than on the female, and the
spine, on each side of the prothorax, is rather more acute.
The type was recorded from ‘‘South Australia,’’ but it has
since been taken from nests of a small black Iridomyrmex at
Adelaide and Port Lincoln.

HEXAPLOCOTES SULCIFRONS, Lea.

The late Mr. F. du Boulay took several specimens of this
species in ants’ nests at Beverley; they are all smaller than
the type, with the prothorax and elytra deep black, and the
clothing of the elytra somewhat sparser and more seriate in
arrangement. The type was also from Western Australia,
although recorded by an oversight by Dr. Mjoberg as Tas-
manian. As a matter of fact I have never seen any myrme-
cophilous species of Ptinzdae in Tasmania.

POLYPLOCOTES PERFORATUS, N.. sp.
Plex ites; 7, 8:

Black; some body-parts and most of the appendages
obscurely diluted with red. Metasternum, a vitta towards
each side of abdomen from the base to the fourth segment,
and the intercoxal process of prosternum and of mesosternum,
with very dense, whitish pubescence, somewhat similar (but
more golden) pubescence at base of head; prothorax and
elytra glabrous.

Head with dense and irregular punctures; bisinuate in
front to receive bases of antennae, in front of antennae
narrowly elevated, with below the elevation a conspicuous
perforation, face flat with a narrow median line; clypeus
flat, subelliptic, on the same plane as the face and mandibles;
labrum very small, on each side a wide groove for the recep-
tion of the base of an antenna. Eyes narrow and finely
faceted. Antennae stout, most of the joints finely granulate,
first thick and somewhat curved, second with base curved
under apex of first, third-seventh subequal in length but
slightly dilating in width, eighth longest of all and some-
what flattened, ninth much shorter than eighth, slightly
curved, its tip incurved to middle and slightly hollow.
Prothoraz about as long as wide, sides gently increasing in
width from apex to base, and nowhere foveate or incurved;
densely, finely, and obliquely punctate-striate, but about
base with punctures only, with an irregular and not very
long semi-double median line. Hlytra at base slightly wider
than prothorax, sides gently dilated to about the middle and

151

then narrowed to apex; at base with about sixteen deep and
conspicuous foveae, bounded by acute carinae at the sides,
but open posteriorly, the carinae near the suture scarcely
continued beyond the fovea, but towards the sides continued
for some distance; disc almost ympunctate and with feeble
traces of striation. /emora stout, grooved for reception of
tibiae. Length, 3-3 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley, two specimens from
nests of ants (F'. du Boulay). Type, I. 6725.

Structurally very different to any previously-described
species of the genus. The perforation (fig. 8a) through the
head is quite conspicuous from each side, but it is necessary
to have the antennae out of the way; the complete absence
of a prothoracic fovea or sub-basal impression is unusual.
From one direction the seventh joint of antennae appears to
be slightly narrower than the sixth, but from another it is
seen to be decidedly wider, the eighth from some directions
appears to be the narrowest, and the appearance of the ninth
alters with almost every point of view.

POLYPLOCOTES SCABRICOLLIS, Nn. sp.

Black; elytra, abdomen, and parts of legs more or less
castaneous-brown. Intercoxal processes of under-surface and
part of face with dense, whitish pubescence; prothorax and
elytra with a few very short, upright setae.

Head with dense punctures partially concealed by cloth-
ing. Antennae thick, first joint stout and curved, second
with its base curved under apex of first, third about as long
as wide, fourth-seventh from one direction apparently
moniliform, but really produced to one side, eighth and
ninth somewhat flattened, wider, and paler than the others,
eighth large with sides rounded, ninth short, its tip truncated
and slightly hollow. Prothorax slightly longer than wide,
sides uneven near base, and slightly wider at base than at
apex; densely granulate or granulate-punctate; near base
with a transverse impression traversed by deep striae, each
side with a fovea, but these invisible from above. Flytra
subelliptic-ovate, greatest width scarcely one-fourth more
than that of prothorax, base narrowly upraised and with a
row of small deep foveae; with regular rows of rather small
but sharply-defined punctures. Abdomen with dense, sub-
asperate punctures. Legs rather short and stout. Length,
2i mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Stapleton, taken from an
ant’s nest in January (G. F. Hill). Type, in Department of
Agriculture, Darwin.

152

The general outlines and the antennae are fairly close to
those of longicollis, but the prothorax is more densely and
strongly punctured; the highest part on longicollis at most
has a few very small punctures, but on the present species
they are quite dense and strong there; the elytra are also
much more conspicuously seriate-punctate on the present
species. The sub-basal transverse impression of the pronotum
is not deep in itself, but being traversed by deep striae (whilst
the adjacent parts are punctate or granulate) is rather con-
spicuous. At first sight the upper-surface appears to be quite
glabrous, and it is only on close examination and from certain
directions that a few small setae become visible.

POLYPLOCOTES LONGIPES, N. sp.

Castaneous; in places infuscated, elytra and abdomen
paler than other parts. Metasternum, extreme base of
abdomen, intercoxal processes of prosternum and of meta-
sternum, and face near antennae, with dense whitish
pubescence; upper-surface glabrous, except for a few indis-
tinct setae at the sides. .

Head with very irregular punctures; in front strongly
bisinuate for reception of antennae. Eyes small but promi-
nent. Antennae rather long, first joint thick and curved,
second with its base curved under apex of first, third dis-
tinctly longer than second or fourth, fourth-seventh rather
thin and subequal, eighth and ninth dilated and forming a
club, eighth slightly longer than sixth and seventh combined,
ninth slightly longer than seventh, and much shorter than
eighth, its tip rounded and with sensitized pubescence. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than wide, base and apex subequal, sides
lightly incurved near base; disc finely striated in middle, but
the striae becoming conspicuously deeper towards sides and
base, with a few scattered punctures; with a transverse sub-
basal impression, slightly deepened (but not foveate) at its
middle. Hlytra conspicuously inflated and strongly convex,
at their widest fully twice the width of prothorax; with a
series of very small but rather sharply-defined punctures,
about apex somewhat irregular, and mixed with minute
scratches. Legs long and thin; femora shallowly grooved for
reception of tibiae, these finely serrated or denticulate
externally. Length, 35 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby, from a nest of
Cremastogaster, sp. (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 6711.

In general appearance this insect more closely resembles
the species of Diplocotes than of Polyplocotes, but as the
antennae are apparently nine-jointed and, as a species, it is
close to prlosus, it has been referred to Polyplocotes; it differs

SE —————————

153

from the description and figure of pilosws in having the
apparent second joint of antennae distinctly shorter than the
third, the elytra do not have ‘“‘four deep impressions’’ on
each side of the base, the impressions there being minute
punctures only, and they are entirely glabrous except for
some sparse pubescence on the margins and tips. From the
description of castaneus it differs in being considerably larger,
and with very different antennae.

PAUSSOCEROS CREMASTOGASTRI, N. Sp.

Castaneous; parts of appendages lightly infuscated. Parts
of sterna and base of abdomen with dense pubescence.

Head with dense, irregular punctures; bisinuate in front
for base of antennae. yes pointed. Antennae not very
long, first joint stout and curved, second short, its base
curved under apex of first, all the rest closely applied
together and strongly inflated, third to seventh each more
than twice as wide as long, and with the middle portion
more convex than the sides, eighth with its inner side about
as long as that of the seventh, but the outer side almost twice
as long, ninth about as long as seventh but somewhat
narrower, its sides rounded and tip truncated. Lrothorax
slightly longer than wide, base and apex subequal; front
portion of disc with dense punctures and fine striae, the
striae becoming coarser on each side and converging to a
sub-basal fovea (but lateral striae and foveae concealed from
above), near base with a strong transverse impression
traversed by numerous striae. Llytra_ subelliptic-ovate,
greatest width scarcely one-fourth more than that of pro-
thorax; base truncate, narrowly raised, and with a row of
larger punctures than elsewhere; with series of not very
large but sharply-defined punctures, close together in the rows.
Abdomen with numerous (but not crowded) sharply-defined
punctures. Legs not very long; femora grooved for reception
of tibiae. Length, 14-13 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby, nine specimens
from nests of Cremastogaster, sp. (W. D. Dodd). Type,
I. 6714.

Much ‘smaller than antennalis, and with the apparent
ninth joint of antennae not almost buried in the eighth.
There are also many other differences from the description of
that species. Some specimens (apparently females) have the
abdomen much more convex than others.

DIPHOBIA MYRMECOPHILA, N. sp.

Dark castaneous-brown, appendages somewhat paler.
Prothorax with a few short, scattered, erect setae, and a

154

few near base of elytra; metasternum, extreme base of
abdomen, and intercoxal processes of prosternum and of
mesosternum with dense, whitish pubescence; outer apex of
each femur with a small patch of greyish clothing.

Head granulate, and in places deeply strigose. Antennae
moderately long, first joint stout and somewhat curved, second
slightly longer than third, the following ones moniliform,
but eleventh about once and one-half the length of tenth, its
tip with sensitized pubescence. /Prothorax slightly longer
than wide, sides gently rounded, but near base incurved ;
convex frontal portion with comparatively small punctures
and oblique striae, but towards and on the sides with deep
striae; with a narrow and rather deep median line, near
base with a rather strong transverse impression, behind and
at the sides of which the striae are rather deep. FHlytra
elliptic-ovate, at their widest about twice the width of pro-
thorax ; with regular rows of fairly large, suboblong, sharply-
defined punctures, larger at the extreme base than elsewhere,
interstices impunctate. Abdomen with not very dense, but
almost equally-spaced and moderately large, sharply-defined
punctures. Legs rather short. Length, 2-241 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin, in nests of
Oecophylla smaragdina, and of Rhytidoponera hilli (G. F.
alt). silky pe MeG Clive

About the size of familiaris, but prothorax shorter, the
transverse sub-basal impression not quite the same (the
depression where it is joined by the median line is deeper
than elsewhere, but not foveate), elytra wider and with rows
of strongly-impressed punctures. There are also many other
slight differences.

DIPHOBIA FOVEATA, 0. sp.

_Colour and clothing as described in the preceding species,
except that there is no special pubescence on the femora.

Head with dense punctures, and in places strongly
striate. Antennae somewhat longer, but otherwise much as
in the preceding species. Prothorax about as long as wide,
sides feebly rounded and lightly incurved near base; densely
and rather strongly striate throughout, but more deeply on
sides, with some punctures in the striae; near base with a
strong transverse impression conspicuously foveate in its
middle, a smaller marginal fovea on each side, and below this
(but invisible from above) another. Hlytra much as in the
preceding species, except that the punctures are much more
numerous and somewhat smaller, although quite sharply
defined. Legs rather long. Length, 21 mm.
; ame end: Townsville (F. P. Dodd). Type,

155

In general appearance close to the preceding species, and
with very similar elytra, except that the seriate punctures are
much closer together, but antennae slightly and legs decidedly
longer, striation of the prothorax denser, more deeply
impressed, and the sub-basal excavation considerably larger
and decidedly foveate in character, the abdominal punctures
are also smaller, and the femora are without special clothing.
The eyes in both are prominent and pointed.

DIPHOBIA METALLICA, N. sp.

Black; elytra dark metallic-blue or green. Clothed with
rather short and erect or suberect greyish setae, not very
dense but quite conspicuous.

Head with dense punctures and in places deeply striate.
Eyes rather pointed. Antennae rather long, first joint stout
and somewhat curved, second slightly shorter than third, the
following one moniliform, but eleventh about once and one-
half the length of tenth, and with its tip obliquely truncated.
Prothoraz slightly longer than wide, sides gently rounded,
near base gently incurved, near base with a conspicuous trans-
verse impression and (concealed from above) with a fairly
large fovea on each side; with dense, sharply-defined striae,
all (except those on sides) converging to the middle of the
sub-basal depression, but the depression not foveate there.
Elytra strongly convex, elliptic-ovate, at widest about twice
the width of prothorax; with semi-regular rows of distinct
but not very large punctures, not very close together. Under-
surface with fairly numerous, sharply-defined punctures,
larger and denser on metasternum than elsewhere. Legs
moderately long. Length, 2-24 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Stewart River, nine specimens from
nests of Iridomyrmex, either a variety of detectus, or close to
that species (W. D. Dodd). Type, I. 6719.

Readily distinguished from all other known species of
the genus by its metallic-blue (or green) elytra, with distinct
clothing. On two of the specimens the appendages and
abdomen are vaguely diluted with red, but on all the others
they are deep black. The elytral setae are in quite regular
lines, as may be seen on examining them from the rear; there
is no special clothing on the sterna, as on so many myrme-
cophilous species of the family.

DIPHOBIA INTRICATA, 0. sp.

Dark blackish-brown, appendages somewhat paler.
Prothorax and base of elytra with a few very short, erect,
dark setae.

Head with dense punctures, and in places punctate-
striate. Eyes acutely ridged. Antennae stout, first joint

156

thick and somewhat curved, second subtriangular, third
lightly, the following ones more noticeably transverse and
somewhat flattened, eleventh somewhat longer than tenth,
its tip truncated. Prothorar about as wide as long, sides
notched near base; near base with a conspicuous transverse
impression foveate in the middle, with dense subreticulate
striation, converging to the sub-basal fovea, but on sides with
ordinary striae converging to various depressions. L/ytra
subelliptic-ovate, greatest width less than twice that of pro-
thorax, base truncate and narrowly upturned; with regular
rows of distinct and sharply-defined but not very large
punctures. (Under-surface with dense and sharply-defined,
but rather small punctures, larger on metasternum than
elsewhere. Legs rather short and stout. Length, 24-2} mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Stewart River, one specimen from
a nest of the same host-ant as that of the preceding species,
and one from that of a small dark-brown species of Cremas-
togaster (W. D. Dodd). Type, I. 6720.

Very distinct from all other known species of the genus
by its antennae; the joints of these are distinctly eleven in
number, but most of them are somewhat flattened, the
eleventh being conspicuously wider than thick; from some
directions, however, most of them appear to be moniliform.
The sides of the prothorax appear to be notched near the
base, rather than gently incurved, and the striae of the
upper-surface are not regular ones, but appear to be composed
of elongate punctures with bounding walls drawn together
in places, so as to be somewhat netlike in character; but this
appearance is much less evident from some directions than
from others. As on the preceding species, there is no special
clothing of the sterna.

TENEBRIONIDAE.

PLATYCILIBE BREVIS, Cart.

This species occurs in Tasmania as well as on the main-
land; on several specimens (including one from the Blue
Mountains sent by Mr. Carter to the late Rev. T. Blackburn)
each lateral margin of the pronotum is supplied with a slight
projection at the basal fourth, and another and less distinct
one at the apical third, and there is sometimes also a still less
distinct one nearer the apex; these appear to be confined to
the males.

MESOTRETIS INCONSTANS, N. sp.

Pale reddish-castaneous, appendages somewhat paler.
Head with dense and not very large but sharply-defined
punctures ; with a shallow depression close to each antennary

157

ridge. Antennae rather thin, passing base of prothorax,
apical joints gradually dilated and forming a loose club.
Prothorax about once and one-half as wide as long, sides
gently rounded, lateral and basal margins very narrow:
punctures somewhat sparser but otherwise much as on head.
Elytra slightly wider than prothorax, sides feebly dilated to
near the middle; without striae except marginal and postero-
sutural ones; punctures slightly larger and sparser than on
head. Length, 33-4 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Geraldton (Blackburn’s col-
lection, from E. Meyrick and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6619.

The type is the specimen commented upon “) by the late
Rev. T. Blackburn as probably a variety of ferrugimea; but
it differs from the real ferrwginea (of which there are speci-
mens before me identified by Mr. H. J. Carter, and agreeing
with the original description) in having the head immaculate,
the antennae somewhat longer, punctures of both surfaces
slightly larger, sparser, and much more sharply defined, hind
angles of prothorax right-angles instead of shghtly obtuse
ones, elytra with very fine pubescence and not at all shag-
reened (the elytra of ferrwginea are very finely shagreened,
although this character was not noted in the original descrip-
tion). At first glance the elytra appear to be glabrous, but
from some directions their sides are seen to be clothed with
sparse and very short pubescence. The club of the antennae
should probably be regarded as three-jointed, but as the
eighth joint is intermediate in size between the seventh and
ninth, it might almost fairly be regarded as four-jointed. The
specimen taken by myself differs from the type in being almost
entirely blackish, except for the appendages, which are
castaneous.

PYTHIDAK.
NOTOSALPINGUS VARIIPENNIS, Lea.

A specimen of this species was in the Blackburn collec-
tion from the Dividing Range in Victoria (it is now first
recorded from the mainland).

NOTOSALPINGUS VARIABILIS, Nn. Sp.

Brassy-black or brassy-brown, some parts castaneous;
elytra with more or less conspicuous markings, antennae
(club lightly infuscated) and legs flavous.

Head almost flat between eyes, which are very prominent,
across them about as wide as the antennae are long, semi-
circularly depressed in front; with dense and sharply-defined
but rather small punctures. Antennae with second joint not

(@) Ante, 1887, p. 273.

158

much larger than third, third to eighth subequal, ninth to
eleventh forming a rather small club, prothorax apparently
slightly longer than wide, sides moderately rounded and
distinctly narrower at base than elsewhere; punctures not
quite as dense as on head, but slightly larger, becoming some-
what larger on sides. lytra oblong-elliptic, shoulders rather
strongly rounded, greatest width scarcely more than that of
prothorax ; striate-punctate, striae well defined but becoming
feeble posteriorly, punctures rather large, but becoming
smaller posteriorly. Legs rather short and stout; front coxae
touching. Length, 14-14 mm.

Hab.—Uord Howe Island. Type, I. 6144.

A very small species, variable in size and markings; it
is smaller and darker than varwpennis, prothorax larger in
proportion, shining and with punctures more sharply defined ;
the head, however, is subopaque. The upper-surface is
glabrous and the under-surface almost so. The head is usually
of a dull red, occasionally with a slight metallic gloss, most
of the prothorax is black or blackish, with the apical margin
and a narrow median line castaneous, but the two colours are
not sharply defined ; on the elytra there is a (rather obscurely
flavous) fascia near the base and not extending to the
margins, and the apex is rather widely obscurely flavous; but
the markings are subject to considerable reduction in size
and distinctness, the apical portion on some specimens being
less than half the size that is on others and much less defined ;
the sub-basal fascia may extend to the base itself, or may be-
reduced to two isolated spots (sometimes just traceable); the
abdomen is seldom entirely black, but the paler apical por-
tions are seldom less than piceous-brown. Fifteen specimens
were obtained.

NOTOSALPINGUS METALLICUS, N. sp.

Brassy-black, under-surface and legs not much ae.
basal half of antennae obscurely reddish. Length, 14-14 mm.

Hab.—Uord Howe Island. Type, I. 6145.

Structurally very close to the preceding species, of which,
perhaps, it should have been regarded as a variety, but in
addition to its uniformly dark colour it differs in being
slightly narrower, and with the head somewhat more convex
between the eyes. Five specimens were obtained on Mount
Gower, including four from the summit.

NOTOSALPINGUS MONTANUS, 0. sp.
Somewhat castaneous, in places darker; elytra obscurely
flavous or testaceous, with darker markings, legs flavous,
femora infuscated towards base.

159

Head and prothoraz with outlines and punctures much
as on variabilis. Hlytra moderately long, parallel-sided to
near apex, shoulders almost square and the width of widest
part of prothorax; with rows of fairly large punctures, in
distinct striae, both punctures and striae almost vanishing
near apex. Length, 2-21 mm.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island. Type, I. 6152.

Structurally fairly close to varupennis, but prothorax less
opaque and without a median line. From varzabilis it differs
in being larger, elytra more parallel-sided, shoulders less
rounded off, and markings different. The head and prothorax
are obscurely castaneous, with the latter obscurely infuscated
on each side; the darker parts of the elytra are the base
(more narrowly dark about the shoulders than suture), the
sides (more noticeably about the middle than elsewhere), and
the suture, the sutural infuscation is mostly rather narrow,
but from about the middle to near the apex is conspicuously
dilated; the antennae are not much darker than the legs,
and their apical infuscation is but slight. Over the whole of
the upper-surface (which is glabrous) there is a vague metallic
gloss. Three specimens were taken on the summit of Mount
Gower.

RHINOSIMUS CORTICALIS, OIll.

A specimen from Cairns differs from a Richmond River
specimen that agreed with the type, by the rostrum (as seen
from above) being very considerably longer and noticeably
dilated towards the apex; seen from the side it also appears to
be much thinner (only about half the thickness) and with the
length of the eye decidedly less than the length of the rostrum
in advance of the antennae; in the Richmond River specimen
the length in front of the antennae is about equal to the
length of an eye. These differences are possibly sexual.

NEOSALPINGUS PoLITUS, Macl. (Corticarza, in error).

Although referred to the Lathridudae this species is a
Neosalpingus, and it occurs from the Richmond River to
Cairns. It has a few setae on the elytra, but they are distinct
only from the sides.

NEOSALPINGUS SERRATICOLLIS, N. sp.

Head and prothorax black with a brassy-green gloss;
elytra almost black, under-surface and appendages (club
. excepted) of a dingy brown.

Head wide, with two shallow depressions in front; with
rather dense and small but sharply-defined punctures. Eyes
moderately large and basal. Antennae with an abrupt three-
jointed club. Prothorazx about twice as wide as long, evenly

160

convex (each side with fine conspicuous unisetose denticula-
tions; with dense punctures, slightly larger than on head,
and becoming more crowded and larger on sides. Hlytra at
base slightly wider than prothorax, sides gently dilated to
beyond the middle, and then widely rounded to apex; with
fairly dense punctures, distinctly smaller than on prothorax,
becoming very small epee and nowhere seriate in
arrangement. Length, 1?-2+ mm.

Hab.—Northern ‘nee (Blackburn’s collection),
Hamilton (Queensland Museum); New South Wales: Rich-
mond River (A. M. Lea), Nepean River (A. J. Coates) ; South
Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow). Type, I. 6147.

Allied to dentaticollis, but wider, prothorax evenly
convex from side to side (instead of flat or depressed in
middle), punctures somewhat smaller, not quite so dense, but
rather more sharply defined, elytra wider at base, and punc-
tures nowhere seriately arranged. The upper-surface is
entirely glabrous. The specimens from Mount Lofty differ
from the others in being somewhat narrower, with elytral
punctures stronger, and the prothoracic ones conspicuously
stronger, especially at the sides.

NEOSALPINGUS OBSCURIPENNIS, Nn. Sp.

Head and prothorax brassy, elytra and under-surface
piceous-brown, appendages (club excepted) paler. Upper-
surface with a few short, erect hairs.

Head wide and flat, with two vague longitudinal depres-
sions in front, muzzle almost parallel-sided, somewhat less
than the width behind the eyes; with rather dense and
sharply-defined but not very large punctures. Eyes moder-
ately distant from base. Antennae moderately long, with
an abrupt three-jointed club. Prothoraz lightly transverse,
but median length greater than basal width, greatest width
near apex, apex itself distinctly wider than base; with dense
and fairly large punctures, becoming crowded on sides; with
a shallow longitudinal impression and two small sub-basal
ones, the three usually obscurely connected together; each
side with four or five unisetose denticulations. /lytra at base
slightly wider than widest part of prothorax, sides feebly
dilated to about the middle, and then as feebly diminishing
in width to near apex ; with regular rows of not very large but
sharply-defined punctures, becoming much smaller posteriorly.
Length, 24-34 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Jenolan; Tasmania: Mount
Wellington, Hobart (A. M. Lea); South Australia: Lucin-
dale (B. A. Feuerheerdt). Type, I. 6150.

161

At first glance fairly close to corticalis, but elytra paler
and sides of prothorax denticulate; from dentaticollis, which
has very similar elytra, it is distinguished by the more
metallic head and prothorax, the latter with a conspicuous
median impression bounded on each side near base by a
subtubercular elevation; these, although not much elevated
above the general surface, are usually shining and impunctate
or almost so, so that they are rather distinct. The general
appearance is that of Lissodema hybridum, but the prothorax
is at once distinctive. The hairs on the upper-surface are
quite distinct from the sides. On some specimens the rows
of elytral punctures appear to be in feeble striae towards the
suture. The specimen from Lucindale has smaller cephalic
punctures than the others; two specimens from Mount Wel-
lington are probably immature, they have the head and
prothorax reddish-castaneous, with a vague metallic gloss,
and the other parts (even the club is but lightly infuscated)
paler than on typical specimens.

NEOSALPINGUS TRIFOVEICOLLIS, nN. Sp.

Head and prothorax brassy-black, elytra and under-
surface blackish with a vague metallic gloss, antennae (club
excepted) and tibiae and tarsi of a dingy testaceous.

Head with crowded and moderately small punctures,
with a shallow depression on each side in front. Eyes small,
prominent, and rather distant from base. Antennae rather
short, with an abrupt three-jointed club. Prothorax with
greatest width (slightly in advance of the middle) about
equal to median length, base much narrower than apex, sides
distinctly increasing in width from base to middle, then each
with two unisetose denticulations, with three small foveae,
the median one rather larger and deeper than the others;
punctures slightly larger but otherwise much as on head.
Elytra distinctly wider than prothorax, sides gently dilated
to beyond the middle, and then widely rounded to apex;
with rows of punctures in hght striae, the punctures fairly
large about base, becoming much smaller posteriorly. Length,
13-2 mm.

Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion); Tasmania: Stonor, Swansea (A. M. Lea). Type,
T. 6151. |

Differs from dentaticollis and the preceding species by
the absence of denticulations from the basal half of the pro-
thorax; it is smaller than corticalis, with somewhat smaller
punctures, and the three prothoracic impressions usually
disconnected. The upper-surface at first appears to be

G

162

glabrous, but when viewed from the sidés a few very short
hairs become visible. The elytral striae are well defined on
the sides, but become feeble about the base and apex.

MELANDRYIDAE.

The Australian genera of the Melandryidae may be
tabulated as follows :—

A. Of fragile sculpture and eyes deeply notched Scraptia
AA. Of less fragile sculpture and eyes lightly,
or not at all notched.
B. Sides of prothorax not acutely carinated.
a. Eyes rather finely faceted ... .... .... .... Paromarteon
aa. Eyes coarsely faceted.
b. Sides of prothorax strongly rounded ... Temnopalpus
bb. Sides of prothorax in parts oblique. _
c. Antennae with apical joints ee
a loosely compacted club .. Lagrioida
Antennae non-clavate is Trichosalpingus
BB. ain acute carina forming (at least on
basal half of each side) the boundary
between the upper and lower parts of

prothorax.
C. Body much wider than deep ... .... ... Mystes
CC. Body scarcely, if at all, wider than
deep.
D. Front coxae separated by an intercoxal
process... Mon ose ee Oncivesta

DD. Front coxae approximate.
E. Spurs to hind tibiae very long and

subequal .. Talayra
EE. Spurs much shorter and very un- nf Chenopieaiaae
equal OAM yh Ac och aa Dircaea
ScRAPTIA.

This genus, of world-wide distribution, was referred by
Lacordaire to the Pedilidae, but by Leconte and Champion
to the Melandryidae. The Australian species already referred
to it differ considerably in appearance, but they (as also
those now described) agree in having the exoskeleton of a
rather soft nature (and consequently liable to irregular con-
traction) and the antennae (whose second and third joints
are usually very small) of a curiously fragile nature, and
difficult to retain whole during relaxation and resetting (much
as in many Dascillidae) ; the head close behind the eyes is con-
stricted into a neck, but as it is usually closely applied to
the prothorax the neck is generally concealed; the eyes are
coarsely faceted and deeply emarginate, on some specimens
appearing almost divided, and they vary from almost touch-
ing to rather widely separated ; the front coxae are large,
contiguous almost throughout, and the part of the pro-
sternum anterior to them is very short. There are some very
distinct species, but the majority are closely allied and

163

difficult to deal with, partly by their close relationship, but
also on account of mechanical troubles.

ScRAPTIA LATICOLLIS, Champ.

The pronotum of this species was described as having
‘‘distinct basal foveae and a short median channel at the
base.’’ I have taken numerous specimens in Tasmania that
agree with this, others in which only the median impression
is distinct, and still others without any distinct impression,
and believe the intensity of the impressions to be due to a
certain extent to irregular contraction in drying; on one
specimen this is clearly the case, as the median channel is
lop-sided, deep, and wide, and extends from the base almost
to the apex; a specimen from Forest Reefs and another from
the Swan River have the prothorax strongly ridged along
middle and a wide excavation on each side, but I am con-
vinced that both the ridge and the excavations are due to
irregular contraction. The species also occurs on the main-
land from the Swan River to Sydney, those from the mainland
as a rule being somewhat smaller and paler than Tasmanian
specimens (a common variation as between Australian and
Tasmanian insects).

Some specimens from Adelaide and Dalby possibly also
belong to the species, but have the antennae somewhat longer
(although the second joint is slightly shorter than the third,
as on the typical form) and punctures of upper-surface
decidedly coarser.

SCRAPTIA AUSTRALIS, Champ.

Specimens of this species range in length from 1%? to
3 mm., the average being about 24 mm. The species occurs in
Victoria (Dividing Range) and New South Wales (Jenolan)
as well as in Tasmania.

SCRAPTIA GYMNOSTERNA, N. sp.

Of a rather dingy flavous; elytra with infuscate mark-
ings about base, middle, and apex, or near apex. With
rather dense yellowish pubescence, but sterna and hind coxae
glabrous and highly polished.

Head with rather crowded punctures of moderate size,
better defined, although not larger, on clypeus than else-
where. Eyes very deeply emarginate (almost divided), almost
touching in front in male, moderately separated in female.
Antennae rather long and thin, second and third joints very
short. Prothorax moderately convex, at base about twice as
wide as the median length, sides obliquely decreasing in

G2

164

width from base to apex; punctures much as on head. Llytra
convex, the width of prothorax at base, almost parallel-sided
to middle, and then strongly narrowed to apex; with crowded
and fairly well-defined punctures and with remnants of
striation about base. Spurs to hind tibiae subequal, the
longest about half the length of the following joint. Length,
24-3 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (EK. Allen and A. M.
Lea), Mount Tambourine (Lea). Type, I. 6119.
- The general outlines more nearly approach those of
Orchesia than is usual in the genus, but the body-parts are
softer and the front coxae are not separated by an intercoxal
process ; the spurs to the hind tibiae are longer than is usual
in the genus, but shorter than in Orchesia. The sexes may
be readily distinguished by the eyes, those of the male are
almost touching in front, but in the female they are separated
fully the width of the notch in each eye; the antennae of the
male are also stouter and somewhat longer than those of the
female, and the front tarsi are somewhat wider. The third
joint of the antennae is slightly smaller than the second, and
on many specimens is so closely applied to the fourth that it
appears to belong to it, so that at first the antennae seem to
be but ten-jointed. The elytral markings are somewhat
variable, but on most specimens consist of a narrowly-infuscate
space at base (on some specimens appearing as a fascia), a
wide median fascia usually continued along suture till it
joins in with a subapical fascia; the latter is sometimes
continued quite to the apex; on many specimens the space
between the median and subapical fasciae appears as a large
pale spot on each elytron; the fasciae when present are always
narrowly interrupted at the suture. One specimen (A) from
Cairns has the median and subapical fasciae almost black and
quite disconnected, and the basal infuscation slight; another
(B) from Cairns has the elytra entirely flavous, but with the
infuscate markings vaguely traceable; one (C) from Northern
Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) has the elytral markings
reduced to a vague infuscate spot on each side of the middle,
and a vague subapical spot. Two other specimens, from
Mount Tambourine, agree with the specimens A and B.

SCRAPTIA ANGUSTA, N. sp.

Pale flavous: seven or eight apical joints of antennae
rather lightly infuscated.. With rather dense and pale (on
some specimens almost golden) pubescence.

Head small and rather strongly convex ; with rather large
clearly-defined punctures. Eyes comparatively small, widely
separated and semicircularly notched. Antennae rather long

165

and thin, second joint slightly larger than third, their com-
bined length slightly more than that of fourth. Prothorax
fully thrice as wide as the median length, sides gently
rounded and feebly decreasing in width from base to apex;
with dense punctures, smaller than on head, but in places
feebly transversely confluent. H/ytra the width of prothorax
at base, almost parallel-sided throughout ; punctures not quite
as dense as on prothorax, but rather more distinct. Spurs
to hind tibiae slightly unequal, about as long as second tarsal
joint. Length, 24-24 mm.

Hab.—Tasmania (A. Simson’s No. 3756): Lakes District
(Blackburn’s collection), Mount Wellington, Hobart, Huon
River, Frankford (A. M.- Lea); Victoria: Dividing Range
(Blackburn). Type, I. 6124.

A very thin species with narrower elytra than any other
species known to me, but the prothorax widely transverse ;
the head has decidedly coarser punctures than usual. There
are numerous specimens under examination, but they appear
to have no sexual differences in the head. On a few specimens
the space adjacent to the scutellum is lightly infuscated ; the
under-surface is usually no darker than the upper, but on
some specimens the abdomen, or the abdomen and meta-
sternum, are rather deeply infuscated. The specimen from
the Dividing Range is rather darker than the others, but its.
legs are entirely pale.

Var. FASCIATA, Nn. var.

Three specimens (from Hobart and Ulverstone) have the
elytra infuscated, except for a pale and rather distinct sub-
median fascia; a fourth (from Mount Wellington) has
the fascia less well defined, denoting an approach to the
normal form.

ScRAPTIA TELEPHOROIDES, N. sp.

Blackish-brown; prothorax, palpi, and parts of legs
flavous. Rather densely clothed with short, pale pubescence.

Head very short and transverse; with rather crowded,
clearly-defined punctures, somewhat smaller in front than
towards base. Eyes widely separated and _ semicircularly
notched. Antennae moderately long, second joint slightly
larger than third, their combined length slightly more than
that of fourth. Prothorax about thrice as wide as the median
length, basal half almost parallel-sided, then with front
angles widely rounded off; with crowded subasperate punc-
tures, slightly smaller than on head. Elytra a trifle wider
than prothorax at base, sides very feebly dilated to beyond
the middle; with crowded subasperate punctures about base,
becoming smaller posteriorlv. Length, 34-34 mm.

166

Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion); New South Wales: Forest Reefs (A. M. Lea). Type,
I. 6120.

The muzzle is paler than the rest of the head, but the
two shades of colour are not sharply contrasted; on the type
the front legs and four hind tarsi are flavous, the four hind
femora and tibiae being rather deeply infuscated; on the
Forest Reefs specimen the legs are entirely pale, and the
metasternum and abdomen are paler than the elytra. Both
specimens on account of the flavous prothorax in strong con-
trast to the dark head and elytra are strikingly close in
general appearance to several species of Heteromastix of the
Telephorides,; they are probably females. At first glance the
third joint of antennae appears to be part of the fourth.

ScRAPTIA LUGUBRIS, N. sp.

dg. Dark piceous-brown. Densely clothed with very
short pale pubescence.

Head with crowded and small but fairly well-defined
punctures. Eyes fairly close together in front, rather deeply
notched. Antennae long and rather thin, slightly passing
elytra; second and third joints very small and subequal, their
combined length less than that of fourth. Prothoraz not
twice as wide as the median length, basal half almost parallel-
sided, then with sides strongly obliquely narrowed to apex;
with densely-crowded punctures, slightly smaller than on
head. Llytra slightly wider than prothorax at base, punc-
tures much as on head. Legs long and thin; spurs to hind
tibiae very unequal, the longer almost the length of the claw
joint. Length (¢, 9), 34-44 mm.

Q. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes smaller and
more widely separated, antennae shorter and thinner, and
in the tarsi.

Hab.—South Australia (old collection); Western Aus-
tralia: Beverley (A. M. Lea); Victoria: Sea Lake (J. C.
Goudie, No. 562). Type, I. 6122.

The male differs from the male of fwmata in having the
eyes more widely separated (the distance between them is
about equal to that between those of the female of fumata),
and the elytra comparatively shorter and wider; the female
differs from the female of fwmata in being darker, more
compact, and eyes rather more widely separated. The legs
are paler than the body-parts, but even they have a very
dark smoky appearance. On the specimen from Sea Lake
there is a shallow but fairly distinct depression on each side
of the pronotum, and the specimen from Beverley has three

167

vague depressions on the pronotum, but they are probably
due to irregular contraction ; the type is without any.

ScRAPTIA DECIPIENS, N. sp.

Dark piceous-brown; elytra and appendages not much
paler than the other parts. Densely clothed with short, pale
pubescence.

Head with small crowded punctures ; with a short median
line. Eyes large, close together in front, and deeply notched.
Antennae long and rather thin, second joint slightly longer
than third, their combined length about equal to that of
fourth, combined length of the three slightly less than that
of the fifth. Prothorax about once and one-half as wide as
the median length, basal two-thirds almost parallel-sided,
then strongly obliquely decreasing in width to apex; with
crowded, subasperate punctures, somewhat coarser than on
head. Llytra slightly wider than prothorax; with crowded
subasperate punctures. Legs long, spurs to hind tibiae very
unequal, the longer distinctly shorter than the second joint
of tarsi. Length, 44+ mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H.
Wright). Type (unique), I. 6121.

In general appearance close to fwmata, but somewhat
darker, punctures distinctly larger and second to fifth joints
of antennae differently proportioned, the third and fourth are
so closely applied together that it is only on very close
examination and from certain directions that they may be
seen to be really two. Four apical joints of each antenna
are missing from the type; it has three vague depressions on
the pronotum.

PAROMARTEON.

In general appearance the typical species of this genus
is structurally close to Temnopalpus bicolor, and like that
species it has a strong general resemblance to many of the
small Telephorides (e.g., Heteromastiz). The only generic
difference on the upper-surface that I can find is in the eyes,
those of Paromarteon being larger, less prominent, and with
smaller facets than in Temnopalpus.

PAROMARTEON MUTABILE, Blackb.

The type of this species appears to have the head entirely
red, but I have seen no specimen (including two co-types) in
which the head was not at least deeply infuscated towards
the base, and it is usually of a shining black except about the
muzzle; the prothorax is usually more flavous than reddish,
and the elytra are frequently flavous (those of the type were
described as testaceous). The species occurs in New South

168

Wales and Queensland, as well as in Victoria, and the
specimens before me may be regarded as belonging to two
common forms and several varieties.

Form 1 (typical). Elytra entirely pale (this form at
present only known from Victoria).

Form 2. Elytra entirely dark (usually black, but some-
times deeply infuscated, rarely with the suture obscurely
diluted with red).

A specimen (from Benalla) has the elytra deeply infus-
cated except for a conspicuous flavous spot on each shoulder ;
one (from Tamworth) has the humeral spots enlarged so as
to occupy the whole of the basal two-fifths (except the
suture); another (also from Tamworth) has basal markings
occupying the same space, but the rest of the elytra very
lightly infuscated; one (from Brisbane) has the apical two-
fifths of elytra deep black; sharply defined from the flavous
basal portion; another (also from Brisbane) has the apical
half black and the basal half deeply infuscated.

PAROMARTEON CONSTANS, 0. sp.

Deep purplish-blue; parts of appendages obscurely
diluted with red. Clothed with straggling blackish hairs,
becoming shorter, paler, and denser on under-surface and legs.

Head transverse; with a few scattered distinct punctures.
Eyes large and prominent. Antennae moderately stout,
extending to middle coxae, three basal joints rather thin and
shining, the following to tenth equal in width, and slightly
decreasing in length, eleventh distinctly longer but not
wider than tenth. Prothorax transverse, sides strongly
rounded, base slightly narrower than apex ; with a few minute
scattered punctures. L/ytra distinctly wider than prothorax,
sides feebly dilated to beyond the middle, and then gently
rounded to apex; with fairly dense and well-defined, but not
very large punctures, becoming much smaller posteriorly.
Length, 34-44 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district. (F. P. Dodd). Type,
EGIL.

Structurally fairly close to mutabile, except that the
elytra are rather wider; but very differently coloured, and
the nine specimens in the Museum do not exhibit the least
tendency to vary in colour.

TEMNOPALPUS BICOLOR, Blackb.

A specimen from the Blackburn collection was labelled
“Near Temnopalpus bicolor, antennae longer and more
slender, pronotum less closely punctulate, elytra more
strongly punctulate.’’ A specimen from Benalla differs from

169

this specimen as it is said to do from 4zcolor, and I believe the
differences to be sexual, the Benalla specimen is certainly a
female (its ovipositor is protruding and its elytra do not
entirely cover the abdomen, but this latter may be character-
istic of the gravid female only), the other is certainly a male
(its front tarsi are noticeably dilated). Blackburn noted the
type as having ‘‘traces of a central longitudinal keel, and
some discal furrows’’ on the pronotum, which he thought
were possibly abnormal. On neither of the specimens before
me is there trace of a central keel, but on the specimen from
his own collection there is a large shallow subfoveate depres-
sion on each side of the middle towards the base; on the
Benalla specimen these are much less in evidence.

TRICHOSALPINGUS oBscuRUS, Blackb.

A specimen from Galston possibly belongs to this species ;
it is the size of the type (1+ lines) and differs from brunneus
as the type is said to do, but its appendages are entirely pale,
whereas on the type apparently only the tarsi are paler than
the other parts.

TRICHOSALPINGUS VARIABILIS, Nl. Sp.

Of a dingy reddish- or piceous-brown, with paler mark-
ings. Closely covered with short, ashen pubescence.

Head rather more convex than usual. Eyes large, lateral,
and prominent. Antennae rather thin, but apical joints
slightly dilated, scarcely passing base of prothorax. Prothorax
shightly wider than long, sides gently rounded and widest near
apex, with a rather deep oblique impression on each side of
base. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, sides gently
dilated to apical fourth and then widely rounded, with vague
traces of striation. Length, 3-34 mm.

Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion); New South Wales: National Park (A. M. Lea);
Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Hamilton (C. J.
Wild), Rockhampton, to light (Lea). Type, I. 6113.

There is a single specimen from each locality before me
and no two are exactly alike; quite possibly some other
specimens that have been put aside unnamed should also have
been referred to the species; they mostly have the appendages
more or less distinctly paler than the body-parts, but the
sides of the elytra are also usually paler than the adjacent
parts. The type (from the Dividing Range) has two pale
spots on each elytron: a large one commencing on the shoulder
and terminating near the suture at the basal third, and a
small subsutural one beyond the middle, the space between
the spots appearing as an obscure fascia. The specimen from

170

the National Park is slightly darker than the type, with the
sub-basal spot on each elytron smaller and disconnected with
the shoulder, and the postmedian spot larger but more
vaguely defined. The specimen from Dalby has the sub-basal
spot almost round and sharply defined, but the postmedian
one entirely absent. The other specimens have the paler
elytral markings extended to cover most of their surface; on
the Rockhampton one there is a vaguely infuscate postmedian
spot close to the suture, and an infuscate space near the
shoulder; the specimen from Hamilton (in the Queensland
Museum) has a vaguely infuscate submedian spot on each
elytron, obscurely advanced along the side to near the
shoulder. The punctures on the upper-surface are dense and
very fine, but are rather more sharply defined on the elytra
than elsewhere. From longicollis (to which the Victorian and
New South Wales specimens seem to be allied on account of
their markings) it differs in its shorter prothorax (with basal
impressions more conspicuously marked).

ORCHESIA MINUTA, Lea.

Some specimens from Tasmania (Mount Wellington,
Hobart, and Frankford), Victoria (Nelson), New South
Wales (Sydney), and South Australia (Port Lincoln and
Mount Lofty) appear to belong to this species, but differ
from the types in being larger (24-2% mm.) and slightly
more robust.

ORCHESIA MACILENTA, N. sp.

Of a rather dingy flavous; head, under-surface, and three
angular elytral fasciae blackish or deeply infuscated. Clothed
with extremely short pubescence.

Head almost concealed from above; with small punctures.
Antennae thin, slightly dilated towards apex. Prothoraz
about once and one-half as wide as the median length, sides
strongly rounded and much wider at base than at apex, with
a large but vague depression towards each side of base; with
small and dense but rather sharply-defined punctures, mar-
ginal carina basal and oblique. SHlytra thin, the width of
prothorax (and with very similar punctures) parallel-sided
to about apical fourth. Hind spurs distinctly longer than
their supporting tibiae, and almost as long as the following
joint. Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6102.

A small thin species, which at first glance appears to
belong to the Mordellidae. The dark markings of the elytra
are in three series as on bryophila, but the pattern is not the
same; the first commences at the base (and extends to the

el

scutellum), is then deflected obliquely backwards, and then
to the sides, so that a large pale spot is left on each shoulder ;
the second is submedian, commences almost at the suture, is
deflected obliquely backwards, and then outwards, but
does not quite extend to the sides; the third is sub-
apical, and touches neither suture nor sides, so that it
appears as a rather large spot on each elytron; between
these spots and the median fascia the pale portion appears
as six elongate, almost disconnected spots, of which the one
on each side of the suture is considerably longer than the
others.
ORCHESIA MULTINOTATA, N. sp.

Castaneous; palpi paler, parts of under-surface infus-
cated. Densely clothed with somewhat golden pubescence, in
places becoming conspicuously darker.

Head with small dense punctures. Antennae rather
short,.four apical joints forming a loose club. Prothorax
about twice as wide as the median length, sides almost
parallel on basal half, strongly rounded in front, base trun-
cate, much wider than apex, with a very shallow depression
near base towards each side; marginal carina on each side
confined to basal half. Hlytra the width of prothorax at
base, parallel-sided for a short distance, and then gradually
narrowing to apex. Under-surface strongly ridged along
middle. Hind spurs about as long as their supporting tibvae,
and shorter than the following joint. Length, 4 mm.

Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type (unique), I. 6100.

Structurally close to austrina, but multi-maculate. At
first glance the upper-surface appears to have numerous dark
spots: these are due partly to the derm itself being darker
than the adjacent parts, but principally to the clothing there
being conspicuously dark, in some lights the spots appear to
be of a rusty-brown, and in others almost purplish; there
are four across the middle of the pronotum; on each elytron
there is one on the suture at the base, one a short distance
behind it, two conjoined ones between and to the side of the
first two, several forming an irregular fascia (interrupted at
the suture) across the middle, and several forming another
interrupted fascia at about the apical fourth. The punctures
of the upper-surface are dense and fine, and much the same
throughout.

. TALAYRA ELONGATA, Macl.

Two specimens from the Tasmanian Lakes district differ
from the typical form of this species in having the punctures
of the upper-surface much finer, but I can find no other
differences likely to be of specific importance.

4

172

CTENOPLECTRON HUMERALE, N.. sp.

Blackish, in some parts changing to dark brown; labrum,
antennae, palpi, and tarsi more or less brightly. castaneous.
Densely clothed with short, brownish pubescence.

Head with dense and small punctures. Eyes large and
reniform. Antennae long and thin, first joint stouter but
slightly shorter than third, second about one-third the length |
of third. Prothorax almost as long as wide, hind angles
lightly produced, sides rapidly sloping down to front angles,
which are widely rounded off, base lightly bisinuate and with
three shallow depressions, of which the median one is vaguely
traceable to the middle; with densely-crowded punctures of
small size, many of which are obliquely or transversely con-
fluent; marginal carina on each side acute on basal half, then
becoming obtuse and vanishing before apex. JHlytra long
and thin, feebly diminishing in width from near the base,
striation conspicuous; with very dense punctures transversely
arranged near base, but shoulders somewhat raised and
strongly transversely strigose. Four hind tibiae strongly
serrated on upper-surface; spurs to hind pair very unequal,
the longer shghtly more than one-third the length of the
following joint. Length, 163-17 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (H. W. Brown). Type,
609i.

Much larger than any previously described Australian
species of the family. The pubescence at the tips of the
abdominal segments and on the tibial serrations, although
dingy from most directions, from others appears to glow with
fiery-red; on the upper-surface the pubescence from some
directions causes the derm to appear somewhat rusty, but
the apical portions of the elytra are really somewhat brownish.
On one of the two specimens before me the eleventh joint of .-
the antennae is slightly constricted at the apical third (on
the other both antennae are broken). .

1

CTENOPLECTRON RUFOBRUNNEUM, N. Sp.

Piceous-brown, in parts more or less reddish, antennae
and palpi paler. Densely clothed with short, brownish or
ashen pubescence.

Head with small, crowded punctures. Eyes widely trans-
verse, subreniform. Antennae rather long and thin, first
joint slightly longer than third, second about half the length
of third. Prothorax almost as long as wide, sides strongly
rounded, hind angles feebly produced, front ones strongly
rounded off, base lightly bisinuate and with three shallow
depressions, of which the median one is continued almost te

173

apex ; with very small crowded punctures, more or less trans-
versely or obliquely arranged’; marginal carina on each side:
acute from base to beyond the middle, but vanishing before:
apex. Hlytra parallel-sided to beyond the middle, striation-
well defined; with dense minute punctures transversely
arranged towards base, but shoulders rather strongly trans-.
versely strigose. Four hind ¢ibiae strongly serrated on.
upper-surface, spurs to hind pair unequal. Length, 95 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Adelaide (J. G. O. Tepper)-
Type (unique), I. 6096. : Bue
With the general appearance of Dircaea velutina, but
elytra distinctly striated, prothorax with distinct median line,
and tip of scutellum bilobed. It was referred to Ctenoplectron
as the spurs to the hind tibiae, although fairly long, are
unequal, but not to the same extent as in agile; the hind
tarsi are missing from the type, but the longer spur is about
one-fifth the length of its supporting tibia; from agile also
it differs in being wider, and without satiny lustre (except
on the abdomen), elytral striation more pronounced, apical
third of suture not conspicuously serrated, and median line
of pronotum less conspicuous in front and deeper behind.
The head is of a dingy red, with a vaguely infuscated spot
in middle. From some directions the pronotum and elytra
appear to be irregularly mottled with obscure red, but the
under-surface and legs are more reddish than piceous.

DIRCAEA BIMACULIPENNIS, N. sp.

Black ; a large spot on each elytron, clypeus, labrum, and
appendages more or less reddish-flavous. Densely clothed
with very short, ashen (in some places silken) pubescence.

Head with densely-crowded and small, but sharply-
defined punctures. Eyes transversely elliptic, about four
times as wide as long. Antennae extending almost to tip of
metasternum, second joint about half the length of first, and
two-thirds the length of third. Prothorax about as long as
wide, hind angles distinctly produced, sides feebly increasing
in width from base to near apex, and then strongly rounded,
median line fairly deep and distinct at base, but vanishing
before apex, a vague depression on base towards each side;
punctures somewhat larger than on head; marginal carina
on each side conspicuous throughout. Hlytra at base slightly
narrower than prothorax, feebly diminishing in width almost
from base, rather lightly striated, the striae almost vanishing
laterally and posteriorly, except for the subsutural and sub-
marginal ones; with very small dense punctures posteriorly,
but towards base becoming transversely arranged or
strigose, more conspicuously on shoulders than elsewhere.

174

Under-surface with small and dense, clearly-defined punctures,
except on abdomen, where they are much denser and smaller.
Spurs to hind é#bzae unequal, the longer about one-third the
length of the following joint. Length, 6-94 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (W. du Boulay),
Jenolan (J. C. Wiburd) ; South Australia: Lucindale (B. A.
Feuerheerdt, No. 335). Type, I. 6095.

The single large spot on each elytron readily distinguishes
this from all the other spotted Australian species; it com-
mences near the shoulder, and terminates just before the
middle; it is slightly nearer the side than suture, and varies
somewhat in size and intensity of colour. On two specimens
{including the type) all the femora are deeply and the
antennae lightly infuscated; on a third the antennae are not
at all infuscated. They are all males. The transverse sculpture
of the elytra is very evident towards the base, so that at first
glance true punctures appear to be absent there, but on close
examination a row of very fine and close punctures may be
seen to fill each striga; there is a feeble longitudinal depres-
sion inwards of each shoulder.

LAGRIIDAE.

LAGRIA GRANDIS, Gyll.

l.. rufescens, Boi.
L. affinis, Boi.
LL. ruficolis, W. 8. Macl.

This species is extremely abundant in many parts of Aus-
tralia,(°) and is very variable in colour. The commonest form
has the elytra stramineous or of a very light reddish-brown,
the prothorax with a slightly more reddish tone, and the
head somewhat darker (often infuscated about the base) ; the
antennae are black, with the four basal joints partly red, the
legs are black, with the femora reddish at the base. Very few
specimens are without a slight coppery tinge, and many have
the base of the elytra blue, or with a bluish gloss. Many
specimens have more than the four basal joints of antennae
reddish at the base, and many have the legs (except the knees)
entirely black; on an occasional specimen the appendages
(except for a feeble infuscation in places), are uniformly pale.
The elytra are clothed with short white pubescence. The sexes
may be readily distinguished by the antennae, hind legs, and
abdomen; in the male the ninth joint of the antennae is pro-
duced at the inner apex into a conspicuous tooth, the tenth
is produced there but to a less extent, and the eighth and

a eae Sas et) a ts ee ee ee
(9) Queensland (Cairns) to Tasmania and South Australia
(Port Lincoln and Kangaroo Island).

175

seventh to a still less extent; in the female the seventh-tenth
are evenly produced at the apex and not at all lop-sided. Om
the male there is a conspicuous triangular tooth on the imner’
edge of the hind tibiae, just before the middle; from the:
female this is absent; on the male also the space beyond the»
tooth is often serrated, and the other tibiae are serrated (more
conspicuously on some specimens than on others) ; on the male’
only, the basal segment of the abdomen is acutely carinated
along the middle. The antennae of both sexes vary somewhat
in thickness, and the eleventh joint in length; the eleventh:
also is lightly nodulose.

I have seen several species standing under the name of
afims in Australian collections, but the description seems to
have been drawn up from the pale form of grandis, and till
evidence to the contrary is forthcoming I think it should be
treated as a synonym of that species.

LAGRIA CYANEA, Macl.

This species is abundant in many parts of Queensland,
and the elytra vary from green, through blue, to deep purple.
Mr. Carter considers that pupurecpennis is a colour variety
of it, but if so it is at least a variety well worthy of a name.

LAGRIA ALBOVILLOSA, Macl.
In nearly all the specimens I have seen of this species
the elytral suture (not mentioned in the original description)
is narrowly reddish.

LAGRIA PULCHRIVARIA, Nn. Sp.

3. Upper-surface variegated; parts of muzzle and of
several basal joints of antennae, under-surface, and most of
femora more or less red, rest. of legs and of antennae more or
less blackish. Clothed with rather short and not very dense,
whitish pubescence.

Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures.
Antennae not very thin, first joint longer than second and
third combined, second small, third slightly longer than
fourth, seventh and tenth lightly produced to one side at
apex, eighth more, and the ninth still more noticeably pro-
duced there, eleventh granulate, slightly longer than three pre-
ceding joints combined. Prothorax subcylindrical, slightly
longer than wide, with crowded and rather coarse punctures.
Elytra at base about twice the width of prothorax, sides
dilated to near apex and then widely rounded; punctures
sharply defined but somewhat smaller than on prothorax, and
becoming smaller posteriorly. Four hind tzdiae lightly
denticulate on lower surface. Length, (dg, 9), 9-11 mm.

176

Q. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes more widely
separated, seventh-tenth joints of antennae evenly produced
to apex, and prothorax lightly transverse, with the sides more
strongly rounded.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (H. J. Carter
and A. M. Lea), Brisbane (Macleay Museum, T. McGregor
and T. Lea); New South Wales: Tweed and Clarence Rivers,
Mount Victoria, Gosford (A. M. Lea), Dorrigo (W. Heron),
Canterbury, Eden (H. J. Carter), Sydney (A. J. Coates),
Jenolan (J. C. Wiburd). Type, 1. 6672.

A medium-size species of very variable colours; the
common form (including the type) in Southern Queensland
and Northern New South Wales, has the head (parts of muzzle
excepted) and prothorax (the base obscurely diluted with red)
of a dark slaty-blue (on some specimens almost black), the
elytra are rather more brightly coloured at the base, but soon
change to coppery, and then to coppery-purple, most of the
elytra being of the latter colour ; on many specimens the apical
four-fifths of the elytra are of a beautiful deep purple. About
Sydney and on the Blue Mountains the common form has the
slaty-blue portions of the northern form not so dark, often
reddish, with a bluish gloss, and the elytra are usually
-stramineous or flavous, with a coppery gloss (much as on many
specimens of grandis). The male has antennae much as on
the male of grandis, but is readily distinguished from that
species by the hind tibiae without a conspicuous tooth, and by
the basal segment of abdomen not longitudinally carinated.
A male from Mount Victoria has the median joints of the
antennae unusually stout.

LAGRIA DECIPIENS, N. sp.

3. Dull red; elytra coppery-flavous, about base some-
what darker, antennae (parts of basal joints excepted), parts
of palpi, apical parts of femora, tarsi, and parts of tibiae
blackish. Clothed with moderately dense, whitish pubescence,
interspersed with numerous longer and more or less erect
hairs.

Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures.
Antennae not very thin, first joint slightly longer than second
and third combined, second short, third and fourth subequal,
the others decreasing in length, with the tenth distinctly
transverse, eleventh granulate, as long as the three preceding
combined.’ Prothorax svbcylindrical, lightly transverse ; with
crowded and rather coarse punctures. Hlytra much wider
than prothorax, sides dilated to well beyond the middle;
punctures smaller than on prothorax, and becoming smaller
posteriorly. TJvbiae lightly denticulate. Length, 10-11 mm.

v7

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea);
New South Wales: Blue Mountains (H. J. Carter). Type,
I. 6673.

The male in general appearance is much like many females
of grandis, and has very similar antennae to the female of
that species; the type probably would have been considered
a variety of grandis, but from the tip of its abdomen an
oedeagus is protruding, its abdomen is not longitudinally
carinated at the base, and its hind tibiae are not conspicuously
dentate. The specimen in Mr. Carter’s collection also has a
protruding oedeagus, but the coppery tinge on its elytra is
less pronounced than on the type. A specimen from Mount
Tambourine is perhaps a female; it differs from the type in
having the elytra somewhat wider posteriorly, and basal joint
of antennae shorter.

LAGRIA ERYTHROPTERA, Nl. Sp.

d. Reddish; elytra with a vague bluish or coppery
gloss, head and prothorax of a dark dingy blue, in places
diluted with red, four or five basal joints of antennae reddish,
the others black, base of femora reddish, rest of legs blackish
with a more or less distinct bluish gloss. Clothed with rather
long, straggling, whitish hairs and pubescence.

Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures.
Antennae rather short, first joint stout, distinctly shorter than
third, second small, seventh-tenth increasing in width, and
combined slightly longer than eleventh. Prothorax sub-
cylindrical, slightly longer than wide; punctures much as on
head. H#lytra much wider than prothorax, sides dilated to
beyond the middle; punctures larger than on prothorax, but
not so crowded. Length, 7-8 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mackay (C. French and Blackburn’s
collection, from R. E. Turner). Type, I. 6671.

A small species, with conspicuously reddish elytra. I
ean find no distinctive external features indicative of sex, but
from each of the specimens an oedeagus is protruding.

LAGRIA TENUICOLLIS, Nn. Sp.

¢. Black; head and prothorax with an obscure bluish
gloss, elytra with an obscure purplish gloss; legs and under-
surface piceous. Moderately clothed with somewhat depressed,
ashen pubescence.

Head with crowded punctures. Antennae not very thin,
first joint stout and slightly longer than third, tenth lightly,
the ninth rather strongly produced to one side at apex,
eleventh granulate, slightly longer than three preceding joints
combined. Prothorax subcylindrical, distinctly longer than

178

wide, sides feebly dilated to base, with an irregular depres-
sion on each side behind middle; punctures much as on head.
Elytra fully twice the width of prothorax at base, sides
dilated to near apex ; punctures larger than on prothorax but
not quite so crowded. Four hind tibiae lightly denticulate.
Length, 9 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 6684.

A small species in general appearance fairly close to some
of the dark varieties of cyanea, but the male with the ninth
joint conspicuously produced to one side at apex (as on the
males of grandis, aeneoviolacea, and pulchrivaria),; the abdo-
men is not longitudinally carinated. The prothorax is.
considerably narrower than on any other species in the
Museum.

ANTHICIDAE.
TRICHANANCA VICTORIENSIS, Blackb.
Lemodes corticalis, Lea.

The genus T'77chananca was referred by Blackburn (ante,
1891, p. 341) without expressed doubt to the Oedemeridae,
and compared with several genera of that family. Subse-
quently I named as Lemodes corticalis a species that still
later (/.c., 1899, p. 83) he called attention to as a synonym
of Trichananca victoriensis, but expressed doubts as to the
genus really belonging to the Oedemeridae. Blair has recently
transferred both Lemodes and Trichananca (as closely allied
genera) to the Anthicidae, and confirms my description of
the head as having a distinct neck; a statement Blackburn
called in question.

TRICHANANCA CONCOLOR, King (formerly Anthicus).

This species is congeneric with the preceding one, from
which it differs in being somewhat narrower and more
cylindrical, antennae stouter, the apical joint shorter and
semidouble, prothorax more dilated in front and with denser
punctures, elytra with larger punctures in more regular rows,
but the punctures becoming much smaller and the rows almost
disappearing posteriorly.

TRICHANANCA PISONIAE, 0. sp.

Flavous; legs (knees and tarsi excepted) paler than
elsewhere, base of prothorax and elytra on suture about:
summit of apical slope lightly infuscated. Clothed with short,
pale pubescence, and in addition with numerous erect,
dark hairs.

Head rather convex, strongly narrowed behind eyes and
with a distinct neck; scarcely visibly punctate. Eyes large

179

and prominent. Antennae moderately long, second joint not
much shorter than third, the others to tenth somewhat longer,
eleventh somewhat acutely pointed and distinctly longer than
tenth. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, front portion
somewhat dilated, sides strongly constricted towards base,
median line rather wide and shallow; with large but shallow
punctures, each with a central pit, but about apex and sides
with smaller punctures. Hlytra rather long, almost twice the
width of base of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; with
close-set rows of large deep punctures, becoming much smaller
posteriorly. Length, 4-4} mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district, five specimens
trapped by seeds of Pisoma brunoniana (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 6735.

Differs from concolor in having longer antennae, with
the apical joint not semidouble, head without distinct punc-
tures, prothorax narrower, with median line less impressed,
and the lateral constrictions deeper, elytra with rows of
punctures closer together, and as rows continued longer, and
with somewhat shorter legs. From vwictoriensis (which has
very similar antennae) it differs in being decidedly narrower,
prothorax much lIess dilated in front and with different punc-
tures, and elytral punctures considerably larger and in more
regular rows.

TRICHANANCA NIGRIPENNIS, Nl. Sp.

Flavous or brownish-flavous; elytra black or blackish,
with a vague bluish gloss. Clothed with short, depressed,
ashen pubescence, and in addition with numerous long, erect,
dark hairs. Length, 4-5 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: King River (W. McLennan).
Type, in National Museum; co-type, I. 6757, in South Aus-
tralian Museum.

Structurally very close to the preceding species, but
elytra entirely dark, and with rather more elongated
punctures.

The known species of the genus may be thus
tabulated : —

EKlytra entirely dark ... ... ... nigripennis
Elytra at most partly infuscated.
Apical joint of antennae semidouble ....... .... concolor
Apical joint not semidouble.
Head with distinct punctures between eyes ... victoriensis
Head without distinct punctures... ... ... pisoniae
XYLOPHILIDAE.

This family is represented by a great number of species
in Australia, but they are usually very rare in individuals;
unlike those of the allied family Anthicidae the individuals

180

usually feign death on being disturbed, hence when beaten
into the collecting umbrella or sheet they need to be closely
looked for. Thus even in some fairly large collections of
Australian beetles they are either totally unrepresented, or
represented by very few specimens. Great diversity of
opinion exists as to the genera of the family, but with the
largest accumulation of Australian species and specimens ever
examined together, the network of relationships appears to
be too intricate for the bulk of the species to be referred to
more than one genus; more especially as the sexual differences
are often very considerable. The eyes are always large, and
sometimes occupy most of the head, and vary from almost
entire to very deeply notched, and they are usually larger
and closer together in the male than in the female. The
antennae are always longer in the male than in the female
(sometimes considerably so), occasionally some of their joints
are provided with long rami, and occasionally the apical joints
are modified into clasping organs. The legs usually have
distinctive sexual characters, the front trochanters being
frequently armed, but owing to the difficulties in manipulat-
ing the front legs for examination these must be often
overlooked; the hind femora are usually stouter in the male
than in the female, and dentate or fringed on the lower
surface; in many species the hind tibiae are conspicuously
dilated to and notched at apex; this character is not entirely
a sexual one, but it is more pronounced in the male.

With very few exceptions the specimens before me had
to be floated off and set for examination, and to prepare such
small specimens (some of which were taken many years back)
that the under-parts and legs are clearly visible was not
always easy; in particular it was difficult to set out the front
legs, so that although it was easy enough to note the colour
of these, their sculpture had often to be passed over. Fre-
quently also it was impossible to distinguish the sexes from
processes projecting from the tip of the abdomen; often when
sufficiently long and soft such a process could be seen to be
an ovipositor, and sometimes an oedeagus was distinct; but
on the type of pilosicornis, and on specimens of several other
species, the distinct tip of an ocedeagus may be seen protrud-
ing from the base of a soft ovipositor-looking process.

Following is a catalogue of the previously-described
species : —

ABNORMIS, King (Anthicus}: Mast. Cat. Sp., No. 4269;

Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p. 144.
Syzeton laetus, Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr.,
HOO) p. 337 3 lie Sees 20!
Hylophilus major, Pic: Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912, p.
48; Annales, p. 286. N.S. Wales; Vict.

181

ALBONOTATUS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1895,
oY Zale es Perr. (10

ALPICOLA, Blackb. (Syzetonellus): Trans. Roy. Soc. S.
Austr., 1891, p. 340. Q’land; N.S. Wales; Vict.

arcuaTIcEers, Pic (Hylophilus): Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1912, p. 48; Annales, p. 284. Q’land.
BASICORNIS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1895, p. 281. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.
CRASSICORNIS, Lea (Syzetoninus): l.c., 1894, p. 626.
Qland; N.S. Wales.

DARWINENSIS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p.
46. WN. Terr.

DUPLOCINCTUS, Champ.: l.c., p. 62. Q’land.

EUCALYPTI, Lea: /.c., 1897, p. 598; Champ.: Trans. Ent.
moe) ond, 1916, p. 46. W. Austr.

FERGUSONI, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p.
63. N.S. Wales.

FLAVESCENS, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, p. 2, N.S.
Wales.

FLUCTUOSUS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p.
250. N. Terr.@D

FRACTICOLLIS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916,
p. 64. N.S. Wales.

IMMACULATUS, Lea (Syzeton): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1894, p. 622. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.

IMPRESSICOLLIS, Lea /Syzetoninus): l.c., p. 624. N.S.
Wales.

INCISUS, Lea, new name.

Syzetonellus humeralis, Lea, n. pr.: l.c., 1894, p. 627;

Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1914, p. 265. N.S. Wales.

INCONSPIcUUS, Blackb. (Syzetonmmus): Trans. Roy. Soc.
S. Austr., 1891, p. 339. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas. ;
S. Austr.

INTERRUPTUS, Lea, new name.

Pyzeuon lateraks, Blackb., n. pris) tc., <p. 9338;
Champ. “tnt. Mo. Mag., 1914, p-.265. ° N-S.
Wales; Vict.

MALLEIFER, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1914, p. 264 (cum
fig.). Q?land.

MoRULUS, Champ.: (2) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p.
250; 1916, p. 46. Tas.

(10) Adelaide River is in the Northern Territory.
(11) See preceding note.
(12)T was under the impression that morulus (1895) was a

synonym of impressicollis (1894), and so recorded it (Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897, p. 589), but Mr. Champion wrote to me
that this was not the case. In his catalogue of the Hylophilidae
M. Pic, in error, gives precedence to morulus.

182

MUNDUS, Blackb. (Syzetoninus): Trans. Roy Soc. S.
Austr., 1891, p. 339. Q’land; N.S. Wales; Vict.;
S. Austr.

OCTOMACULATUS, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, p. 1.
N.S. Wales.

PARALLELUS, Lea (Syzetonmimus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1895, p. 281. W. Austr.

PECTINICORNIS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895,
p. 249, pl. 'vi., fig. 1250 eaas:

QUADRIFOVEATUS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1894, p. 623. N.S. Wales.

SEMITESTACEUS, Pic (Syzeton): Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912,
p. 48; Annales, p.. 287.) Qiland,

SEXFASCIATUS, Champ. : Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, pyeos
N.S. Wales.

sorDIDUS, Lea (Syzetonellus): Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.
Wales, 1896, p. 626. N.S. Wales.

SUBELONGATUS, Pic (Syzetonellus): Melang. Exot.-ent.,
1911, p.°133 Ann. Soc. Ent. Pri 70312) pi 26o-
Vict.

UNDATUS, Gemm.: Mast. Cat. Sp., No. 4242.

fasciatus, Boh.: l.c.; Champ., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1916, p. 45. |

Syzeton blackburm, Lea: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1894, p. 621.

Hylophilus walestanus, Pic: 5) Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1912, p. 48; Annales, p. 285. Q’land; N.S. Wales.

VARIEGATUS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1894, p. 624. Q’land; N.S. Wales; W.
Austr.

In addition to these M. Pic described Hylophilus cribri-
collis from Australia (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912, p. 48;
Annales, p. 286), but Champion (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Sept., 1915, p. 221) states that his species was recorded in
error from Australia, and really occurs in Ceylon.

XYLOPHILUS UNDATUS, Gemm.

The markings on the elytra of this species vary from a
small and not very dark spot on each to a much larger oblique
black one, almost touching the side and suture.

Var. 1. A male from Mount Tambourine (there are
normal specimens also from there in the Museum) differs from
the type male of blackburm (a synonym of wndatus), in
having the eyes closer together (almost touching) at their
nearest point, the antennae entirely pale, and the elytra with

(13) Mr. Champion wrote me that he considered walesianus a
synonym of undatus, and I concur with that opinion.

183

a wide median black fascia occupying almost one-third of
their surface, and complete from side to side.

Var. 2. Two females from New South Wales (National
Park) have the antennae (except parts of the three basal
joints) deep black; one of them has the hind femora infuscate
towards the apex, but on the other they are entirely pale.

XYLOPHILUS PECTINICORNIS, Champ.

The female of this species differs from the male in being
slightly larger, the eyes smaller and not so close together, and
the antennal joints (after the third) very different; the third
is slightly shorter than the fourth and fifth combined, the
fourth to tenth are of almost even width but gradually decrease
in length, so that although the fourth is slightly longer than
wide, the tenth is slightly transverse, the eleventh is dilated
and almost as long as the ninth ard tenth combined.
Several specimens were beaten from ‘‘Blackwood’’ (Acacia
melanoxylon ).

XYLOPHILUS OCTOMACULATUS, Champ.

Only the female of this species was known to Champion.
There are two specimens (sexes) in the Museum from Cairns
and Mount Tambourine, and a male in my own collection
from Wollongong. On the male the antennae are rather long,
with the second joint small, third-tenth subcylindrical and
equal, eleventh almost as long as eighth-tenth combined, sub-
cylindrical on basal half, then irregular towards and pointed at
apex ; the legs are rather long, front trochanters lightly spinose,
hind femora stout; hind tibiae with apical half stouter than
basal half, but neither dilated to nor notched at apex. The
female differs in having smaller eyes, less close together
(although fairly close), antennae distinctly shorter, with the
eleventh joint considerably smaller and thicker in proportion,
abdomen more convex, legs shorter, front trochanters
unarmed, and hind femora thinner. The species is structurally
fairly close to abnormis, but the markings and antennae are
very different. On one specimen the prothorax is almost
entirely dark, on the others it is mostly of a dingy red; on
one male there are four flavous spots on each elytron: one
on the shoulder, a smaller one near the suture at the basal
third, a larger one at the middle, and a still larger subapical
one; the latter with its fellow on the other elytron forming
a bisinuate fascia. On a second male the first sutural spot is
enlarged and continued to the base, and the subapical one is
split up into two. On a female there are but three spots on
each elytron: one on the shoulder, the medio-sutural one,
and the apical one, the latter being considerably enlarged.

184

The pubescence is rather longer than is usual in the genus.
The distance between the eyes of the male is about
equal to the thickness of the basal antennal joint.

XYLOPHILUS MUNDUS, Blackb.

This species occurs in Queensland (Dalby), New South
Wales (National Park), and South Australia (Woodville), as
well as in Victoria. The basal marking of the elytra is
usually ill-defined and occasionally absent; the median fascia
is rather wide at the sides, and towards the suture is narrowed
and directed slightly forwards, but on an occasional specimen
is broken up into two large disconnected spots; the apical
infuscation is more or less triangular and narrowly advanced
along the suture to join in with the median fascia. One of
the specimens from Dalby has the dark parts of the elytra
considerably increased in size, and of the same shade (rather
deeper than usual) of colour as the head and prothorax, as
a result the pale portions on each elytron appear as two rather
narrow curved lines: of these the first is semicircular, com-
mences at the scutellum and ends on the shoulder, and the
second commences near the suture behind the median fascia,
curves round, and is then suddenly dilated to the side.

XYLOPHILUS ALPICOLA, Blackb.

There are numerous specimens of this species before me
from New South Wales (Nepean River, Sydney, National
Park, and Forest Reefs) and one from Northern Queensland ;
but only three have the palpi dark; on all the others they
are no darker than the antennae. As suspected by Blackburn
the armature of the hind femora is confined to the males.

XYLOPHILUS IMMACULATUS, Lea.

Two specimens (beaten from eucalypti on Mount Welling-
ton) differ from the type of this species in having a
conspicuous reddish spot on each shoulder, the two lightly
separated by the suture; on one of them there is also a large,
dingy, ill-defined reddish spot towards the apex of each
elytron ; but it is scarcely traceable on the other. On the type
the elytra at first glance appear to be uniformly dark, but on
close examination and in a good light may be seen to be not
as dark about the shoulders as elsewhere; its elytral punctures
are dense, sharply defined, and of moderate size (‘‘minutely’’
was certainly not the correct word to use for them), but
become smaller posteriorly. The Tasmanian specimens are
males, and have the eyes somewhat closer together than on
the type, the antennae longer, none of the joints transverse,

185

the eleventh at its widest not much wider than the tenth,
but almost as long as the ninth and tenth combined.

XYLOPHILUS BASICORNIS, Lea.

Two specimens from Tasmania (Hobart and Frankford)
differ from the type of this species in being somewhat larger,
and with the elytral markings and clothing more conspicuous ;
on each of them the pale basal portion of each elytron occupies
the extreme base, and its posterior edge is conspicuously
incurved, so that there appear to be four reddish spots
extending from a red base; the pale clothing forms a con-
spicuous bisinuate fascia across the apical third. On the type
the basal markings and pubescent fascia are somewhat as on
the Tasmanian specimens, but with a blurred appearance.

XYLOPHILUS INCISUS, new name.
Syzetonellus humeralis, Lea, n. pr.

Mr. Champion having pointed out that the name
humeralis was already in use in Xylophilus when I proposed
it for a species of Syzetonellus (since merged in Xylophilus ),
the above substitute is now proposed.

XYLOPHILUS INTERRUPTUS, new name.
Syzeton lateralis, Blackb., n. pr.
Syzeton having been also merged in Xylophilus, the
above substitute 1s proposed for lateralis (Blackburn), that
name also having been previously used in Xylophilus.

XYLOPHILUS ABUNDANS, 0. sp.

d. Blackish or brownish; elytra fasciate, legs (femora
sometimes infuscated) and basal half of antennae testaceous.
Densely clothed with short, ashen pubescence.

Head with small punctures. Eyes of moderate size,
widely separated, prominent, front lightly notched. Antennae
moderately long and thin, eleventh joint briefly ovate, slightly
wider than and about as long as ninth and tenth combined.
Prothoraz slightly transverse, sides feebly increasing in width
to near apex and then rounded off; with dense and fairly
conspicuous punctures, with a shallow depression on each side
of base. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, and distinctly
wider than head, sides feebly dilated to beyond the middle;
with dense and well-defined punctures, becoming smaller
posteriorly, with a very vague oblique depression on each
near scutellum, the depressions scarcely traceable, but with
larger punctures than elsewhere. Legs rather long and thin;

186

front tibiae lightly curved, hind ones dilated towards and
notched at apex. Length, 14-2 mm.

Q. Differs in having shorter antennae, eyes somewhat
smaller, elytra more parallel-sided, legs shorter, front tibiae
straighter, and hind ones not quite so wide at apex.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6161.

A variable species obtained in abundance on the island.
On some specimens the ground-colour is black, but on many
(especially females) it is not even a very dark brown; the
prothorax is sometimes entirely dark, but usually has the
medio-basal portion obscurely paler, on some specimens the
only dark part is a median blotch; on the elytra of the most
abundant form there is a single sub-basal flavous fascia, —
commencing on each elytron near the shoulder, where it is
widest, and directed obliquely towards the suture, along
which it extends for a short distance; but frequently a second
fascia may be seen at the apical third, it is often distinct but
never so sharply defined as the sub-basal one; even when both
of the fasciae are absent, however, their positions are usually
indicated by paler pubescence than elsewhere; the legs are
frequently entirely pale; but the hind femora, or the four
hind ones, are sometimes more or less deeply infuscated; the
infuscation of the antennae also varies in extent and intensity.
On five specimens (both sexes) the general colour is of a
rather deep black, and the infuscation of the legs is extended
to the four hind tibiae and tarsi; the pale pubescence is denser
and more conspicuous than usual in places, and forms two
very conspicuous elytral fasciae, occupying the positions of
the dermal fasciae (these being entirely absent). The punc-
tures of the upper-surface are somewhat obscured by the
clothing.

3 XYLOPHILUS NORFOLCENSIS, N. sp.

¢. Black or variegated, appendages in parts more or
less flavous. Moderately clothed with short, ashen pubescence.

Head shining and with minute punctures. Eyes promi-
nent, widely separated, feebly notched in front. Antennae
not very long, second joint subglobular, slightly longer and
distinctly wider than third, third-seventh thin, the others
gradually increasing in width, eleventh briefly subovate,
almost as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax
distinctly transverse, sides gently rounded, slightly wider
near apex than elsewhere; with dense and sharply-defined
but not very large punctures. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, and distinctly wider than head, shoulders strongly
rounded, sides very feebly dilated to beyond the middle;
punctures about base much as on prothorax, but becoming
smaller posteriorly; with a feeble swelling on each. side of

187

scutellum. Hind tibiae dilated towards and notched at apex.
Length, 14-2 mm.

Q. Differs in having somewhat shorter antennae,
smaller eyes, elytra less parallel-sided, abdomen more convex,
and legs somewhat shorter.

Hab.—Norfolk Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6158.

A decidedly variable species, more robust than abundans
from Lord Howe Island, and elytra considerably larger, with
coarser punctures. Of the ten specimens taken three have
the body-parts entirely deep black; with the antennae (tip
lightly infuscated or not), palpi, tarsi, and parts of the
femora and tibiae flavous; one has a small flavous spot on
each elytron near the suture at the basal fourth; another has
a similar spot, but also the apex widely flavous; on another
only the tips are flavous ; three have the prothorax and elytra
reddish or flavous, but the elytra with the base and a large
medio-lateral spot of variable size (and on one specimen
conjoined to form a median fascia) black. The pronotum is
without trace of the usual sub-basa] impressions.

XYLOPHILUS PILOSICORNIS, n. sp.

3d. Blackish-brown; three basal joints of antennae,
palpi, tarsi, and knees flavous. Lightly clothed with short
dark pubescence, but denser and paler and forming markings
on prothorax and elytra.

Head gently convex and with small punctures. Eyes
prominent, widely separated and feebly notched in front.
Antennae rather long, second joint slightly stouter than
third, fourth to eighth cylindrical and subequal, ninth and
tenth slightly shorter and wider, eleventh slightly wider and
distinctly shorter than ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax
lightly transverse, almost parallel-sided; with dense and
small partially-concealed punctures, with a shallow semi-
double basal impression. H#lytra long and rather narrow, but
much wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel to near
apex; with dense and fairly strong punctures about base,
becoming much smaller posteriorly ; with a slight swelling on
each side of scutellum, and behind each of these a shallow
longitudinal impression. Tip of abdomen wide and very
lightly incurved. Legs rather long and thin; four front
tibiae lightly curved, the hind ones dilated to and notched
at apex. Length, 21 mm.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),
I. 6160.

Decidedly narrower than any other species from the
island. On the type the pale pubescence forms a distinct
medio-basal spot on the pronotum (partially concealing the

188

impression there), and two not very pronounced fasciae on
the elytra, placed as on some specimens of abundans; from
which it may be distinguished by its considerably narrower
form, longer antennae, and more sharply-defined elytral
punctures. The antennae are decidedly thin, but their
apparent width is increased by the blackish clothing of the
eight apical joints.

XYLOPHILUS GLABER, Nn. sp.

3. Black and highly polhshed; antennae, palpi, and
parts of legs flavous. Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface
sparsely pubescent.

Head with fairly numerous and sharply-defined but
rather smal] punctures. Eyes distant, prominent, and very
lightly notched in front. Antennae rather long and thin,
second joint stouter but scarcely longer than third, third-
seventh thin, eighth-tenth slightly dilated, eleventh dis-
tinctly wider than tenth, and almost as long as ninth and
tenth combined. Prothorazx distinctly transverse, sides feebly
rounded ; punctures slightly denser and coarser than on head.
EHlytra much wider than porthorax, shoulders evenly rounded,
sides lightly dilated to beyond the middle; with dense and
sharply-defined punctures throughout, but becoming smaller
posteriorly. ind tibiae feebly dilated to and notched at
apex. Length, 1$-24 mm.

@. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, shorter
antennae, elytra less parallel-sided, abdomen more convex,
and legs shorter.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6162.

Readily distinguished from all other species known to
me by its completely glabrous upper-surface. Structurally
it is fairly close to norfolcensis. Of the seven specimens taken
five have the body-parts entirely black, but two are piceous-
brown, and one of the latter has the suture (except near base)
and tips of elytra obscurely paler. The prothorax and elytra
are without traces of the usual sub-basal impressions.

XYVYLOPHILUS CONSPICILLATUS, Nn. Sp.

3. Of a dingy brown; antennae, palpi, elytra (except
for markings), and parts of legs testaceous or flavous. Densely
clothed with short, ashen pubescence.

Head with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, close together at their nearest point, triangularly
notched in front. Antennae almost extending to tips of
elytra, second joint small and transverse, third very small
and indistinctly separated from fourth, fifth-tenth lightly
serrated, eleventh slightly wider than tenth but scarcely

189

longer. Prothorax rather small, parallel-sided to near apex
and then strongly diminishing in width to apex; with dense,
partially-concealed punctures, and with a feeble, semidouble
median depression near base. H/lytra much wider than pro-
thorax; parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and fairly
strong punctures about base (especially in a shallow depression
behind a feeble subscutellar elevation), but becoming smaller
posteriorly. Legs rather long and thin; hind femora stout,
hind tibiae thin and parallel-sided almost throughout.
Length, 13-2 mm. )

Q. Differs in having much smaller eyes, much more
distant from each other; antennae much shorter with third
joint distinctly separated from fourth, and the eleventh joint
larger.in proportion ; prothoracic depression more conspicuous ;
elytra larger and less parallel-sided; abdomen more convex
and legs shorter, with hind femora thinner.

Hab.—Uord Howe Island; New South Wales: Sydney
(A. M. Lea), Hornsby (C. Gibbons).

The third joint of the antennae in the female is very
short, but in the male it is still shorter, and so closely applied
to the fourth that except on close examination the two appear
as but one, and consequently the antennae appear to be ten-
jointed. On each elytron there is an infuscate-elongated O,
each O enclosing an elongated spot of similar colour to the
other parts of the elytra; each commences at the basal fourth,
and ends slightly beyond the middle, it almost touches the
suture and near the base is connected with the side (so that
as viewed from the side on one elytron the O appears like a
Q). The specimens from Sydney agree in structure with the
types, but differ in being considerably paler; on the male
the O on each elytron is traceable, although not very deeply
infuscated, and the four hind femora are moderately infus-
cated; on the female the O on each elytron is paler and
not complete, and only the hind femora are infuscated. The
specimen from Hornsby agrees well with the type in colour
as well as in structure.

XYLOPHILUS LEUCOSTICTUS, Nn. sp.

3. Blackish, parts of under-surface and of appendages
obscurely paler. Clothed with dark pubescence, but becoming
paler on head and parts of under-surface, and forming dis-
tinct spots on prothorax and elytra.

Head with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
large, moderately separated, deeply notched. Antennae
moderately long and rather stout, second joint short, trans-
verse, and closely applied to third, third longer than first
and second combined, slightly dilated to apex and almost

190

concealing the fourth (which is very small), fifth to tenth
rather strongly serrated, eleventh subovate, distinctly longer
and slightly wider than tenth. Prothorazx lightly transverse,
base, apex, and sides lightly rounded; with dense and rather
small punctures. Zlytra distinctly wider than prothorax,
shoulders strongly rounded, sides almost parallel, punctures
about base slightly larger than on prothorax, but diminishing
in size posteriorly. Legs rather long; middle femora moder-
ately stout, the hind ones very stout, both pairs fringed on
hind margins; hind tibiae neither dilated nor notched at
apex. Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6172.

A compact black species with conspicuous pubescent
markings and peculiar antennae. The pale pubescence forms
sIX conspicuous spots on the upper-surface: two round ones
near the base of the pronotum, a round one on the middle
near the base of each elytron, and a less distinct one at the
apical third. The distance between the eyes at their nearest
point is about equal to the length of the first antennal joint.
The antennae at first glance appear to be but nine-jointed,
owing to the third joint being enlarged and almost concealing
the very small fourth joint, and to the close adherence to its
base of the second joint. The prothorax and elytra are
apparently without impressions, but possibly if the pubescence
was abraded some might become evident. I have been unable
to closely examine the front legs of the type.

XYLOPHILUS DISCOATER, 0. sp.

Reddish-flavous, palpi and tarsi paler; antennae (except
about base) infuscated, elytra with a large median blackish
blotch. Moderately clothed with very short indistinct
pubescence.

Head moderately convex and shining between eyes; with
numerous small punctures. Eyes prominent, rather widely
separated, lightly notched in front. Antennae rather long
and thin, second joint subglobular, third shorter and thinner
than second, fourth-tenth subequal in length but very feebly
increasing in width, eleventh subovate, wider and slightly
longer than tenth. Prothorax small and lightly transverse ;
punctures rather small and irregular; with an irregular
impression across middle, and with two conspicuous impres-
sions at base. EHlytra almost twice the width of prothorax,
sides very feebly dilated to near apex; with rather dense and
sharply-defined but not very large punctures, larger on and
about some slight sub-basal swellings than elsewhere. Legs

191

moderately long; hind tibiae rather strongly dilated to and
notched at tip. Length, 14-2 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in rotting
leaves; New South Wales: Wollongong, National Park
(A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6164.

A very distinct species; the blotch on the elytra covers
about one-third of their surface and is almost median, but
along the suture is slightly nearer the base than apex. The
male has slightly larger eyes than the female, longer antennae,
with the third joint more closely applied to the fourth, elytra
more parallel-sided, abdomen less convex, and hind tibiae
more conspicuously dilated to apex.

XYLOPHILUS SYNOPTICUS, n. sp.

d. Black; elytra bifasciate, antennae (basal joints
infuscated) and parts of legs reddish. Clothed with moder-
ately long, straggling, whitish pubescence.

Head with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, almost touching at their nearest point, lightly
notched in front. Antennae rather long. Prothoraz rather
small and lightly transverse, sides gently rounded but rather
suddenly narrowed at apex, with a shallow median line and
several very shallow lateral depressions; with crowded and
moderately small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, but not much wider than head, parallel-sided from
shoulders to near apex, each with a feeble swelling near
scutellum: with dense and sharply-defined punctures of
moderate size about base, becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs
moderately long; hind femora rather thick; hind tibiae with
apical half thicker than basal half, but not dilated to apex.
Length, 24-23 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland: Blackburn’s collection.
Type, I. 6173.

Structurally fairly close to abnormis and octomaculatus,
but the markings very different. The elytral fasciae are
rather narrow; the first is reddish and close to the base, but
is interrupted at the suture, the second is at the apical third,
more flavous than the other, and also interrupted at the
suture. The tips of the antennae of the two specimens in the
Museum are missing, but the joints that are left are much
as in ectomaculatus.

XYLOPHILUS PARENTHETICUS, Nn. sp.

3. Reddish-flavous; head and some elytral markings
black, apical half of hind femora and base of antennae infus-
cated. Moderately clothed with stramineous pubescence.

192

Head with small, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, almost touching at their nearest point, lightly’
notched in front. Antennae moderately long, third joint
slightly longer than second and slightly shorter than fourth,
fourth-tenth subequal in length and subcylindrical, eleventh
dilated from base to middle, then narrowed to tip, almost as
long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothoraz lightly trans-
verse, parallel-sided from base to near apex and then strongly
narrowed to apex, with a shallow median line and scarcely
traceable lateral depressions; with fairly dense and rather
small, irregular punctures. E/ytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided from shoulders to near apex: with
dense and sharply-defined punctures of moderate size, becom-
ing smaller posteriorly. Legs rather long; four front tibiae
lightly curved, the hind ones straight and parallel-sided
except at base. Length, 2-24 mm.

Q. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, not quite
so close together, antennae shorter with shorter apical joint,
elytra and abdomen more convex, and legs shorter with four
front tibiae straighter. 7

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 6167.

With parentheses-like markings on the elytra, very
different to those of any species previously recorded from
Australia, and exactly alike on the three specimens under
examination; the mark on each elytron commences at the
basal third, and ends slightly beyond the middle, on the
left 1t appears much like a C (and, of course, reversed on the
right); there is also a small infuscate spot on each elytron
near the apex. There is a feeble swelling on each elytron
near the suture, and a shallow depression between the swell-
ing and the shoulder; on the males they are fairly distinct,
but on the female they are scarcely traceable.

XYLOPHILUS PACHYMERUS, N. sp.

3. Flavous; head and parts of under-surface with a
reddish tinge, suture and parts of sides of elytra infuscated
and each elytron with two black spots, metasternum and part
of hind femora deeply infuscated. Moderately clothed with
whitish pubescence.

Head shining and with small and not very dense punc-
tures. Eyes large, close together, and lightly notched in front.
Antennae rather long, second joint short, third to tenth
subcylindrical, eleventh about as long as ninth and tenth
combined, slightly dilated to middle and then narrowed to
apex. Prothoraz rather small and lightly transverse, with a

193

vague median line and without distinct lateral impressions;
with dense and sharply-defined but rather small punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided
from shoulders to near apex; with dense and sharply-defined
punctures throughout, smaller posteriorly than elsewhere, and
larger on a shallow oblique impression (commencing on each
elytron at the base, near the shoulder, and ending near the
middle at the basal fourth). Zegs rather long; hind femora
dilated and almost twice as thick as the middle pair; front
tibiae lightly curved. Length, 23 mm.

Hab.—Queensiand: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6170.

The hind femora should be distinctive, so the type has
been described, even although its hind tibiae and abdomen
are missing. The elytral spots are somewhat obliquely placed
and subelliptic in shape; the first commences at the base near
the shoulder and ends at the basal third, and the second is
almost median. The distance between the eyes at their
nearest point is slightly more than the thickness of the basal
antennal joint.

XYLOPHILUS OBLIQUIFASCIATUS, Nn. sp.

3. Head black, prothorax and most of under-surface
reddish, elytra flavous with black and infuscate markings,
appendages flavous but hind femora partly infuscated.
Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence.

Head with small and rather dense punctures. Eyes very
large and almost touching in front, lightly notched.
Antennae rather long, second joint subglobular, third sub-
cylindrical and slightly longer than wide, tenth feebly dilated
to apex and slightly transverse, the intervening joints very
gradually altering, eleventh slightly longer than ninth and
tenth combined, feebly dilated from base to middle, and then
narrowed to tip. Prothoraz lightly transverse, almost parallel-
sided from base to near apex; with dense and sharply-defined
but rather small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided from shoulders to near apex, with a
shallow depression on each side of base near shoulder; punc-
tures dense, sharply defined, and of moderate size, but
becoming small posteriorly. Legs moderately long; hind
femora rather stout; hind tibiae rather stouter than the
middle ones, but no wider at apex than at middle, front
pair lightly bisinuate on lower surface. Length, 2-24 mm.

Q. Differs in having the eyes smaller and not so close
together, antennae with all the joints except the second,
shorter; abdomen more convex and legs shorter.

H

194

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 6174. |

Allied to wndatus, but antennae longer and otherwise
different, elytra with infuscate markings near tip and scutel-
lum, and the median fascia of all four specimens before me
not the same as on all the thirteen of wndatus. There is a
conspicuous black median fascia on the elytra, oblique on
each side, touching the suture (where it is narrowest) almost
at the exact middle, and at the sides (where it is considerably
dilated) nearer the base; on two specimens it is continued as
a lateral infuscation almost to the base; the suture is narrowly
infuscated ; the infuscation semicircularly or subtriangularly
dilated at the base (so as to include the scutellum), and
slightly dilated (so as to form a small sutural spot) near the
apex. The distance between the eyes of the female is about
equal to the length of the first antennal joint, in the male
it is much less.. The pronotum has three very vague depres-
sions at the base, the median one being all that is left of a
median line, but on one specimen there is another remnant
of it at the apex. ©

XYLOPHILUS FLAVICOLLIS, 0. sp.

3. Flavous; elytra, mesosternum, metasternum, and
abdomen blackish-brown ; antennae (two or three basal joints
excepted) deeply infuscated. Clothed with extremely short,
indistinct pubescence. | .

Head with numerous minute punctures. Eyes large and
prominent, fairly close together at their nearest. point, lightly
notched in front. Antennae rather long and thin, second
joint slightly smaller than third, eleventh subovate, about
as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax rather small
and lightly transverse, with a feeble transverse median
impression, with two small but distinct subcontiguous impres-
sions at base; with fairly dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Hiytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, with a vague swelling on each side of scutellum; punc-
tures dense and sharply defined but not very large about
base, becoming much smaller posteriorly. Legs moderately
long; hind tibiae conspicuously dilated to and notched at
apex. Length, 13-2 mm.

Q. Differs in having eyes less prominent and not so
close together, antennae shorter, with second joint slightly
stouter than third (but not longer), prothorax more trans-
verse, elytra somewhat wider, abdomen more convex, and
legs somewhat shorter with hind tibiae not quite so wide
at apex. ;

195

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; New South
Wales: Forest Reefs and National Park (A. M. Lea).
Type, I. 6166.

In general appearance much like ewcalypti, but narrower,
antennae distinctly longer (in both sexes) and darker, eyes
larger (in both sexes), elytral punctures distinctly larger
and scutellum flavous. Three specimens (two males and one
female) have the head very slightly darker than the pro-
thorax, and the basal joints of the antennae conspicuously
paler than the following ones; but a second female has the
head almost as dark as the elytra, the antennae entirely dark,
and the hind legs infuscated; it is also slightly larger than
the others, and has some longer hairs scattered about on the
elytra. The distance between the eyes of the male at their
nearest is about equal to the length of the first antennal joint ;
in the female it is about equal to that of the three basal joints.

XYLOPHILUS FLAVOCASTANEUS, Ni. Sp.

g. Flavo-castaneous, parts of elytra paler. Clothed
with very short, ashen pubescence.

Head with punctures normally concealed. Eyes promi-
nent, moderately separated, scarcely notched. Antennae
moderately long and rather thin, second joint slightly stouter
than third but no longer, eleventh slightly wider than tenth,
and about as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax
about as long as wide, without distinct impressions and
with punctures partially concealed. Hlytra distinctly wider
than prothorax but not much wider than head; with dense
punctures, partially concealed by clothing, and becoming
small posteriorly. Legs rather long; front trochanters acutely
spinose; hind femora stout, with a conspicuous abruptly-
terminated fringe on lower surface; hind tibiae thin at base,
rather strongly dilated to near apex, and then slightly
narrowed to tip, front pair with a short wide flange on one
side of apex. Length, 14-1? mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection),
Mount Tambourine; New South Wales: National Park
(A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6171.

Allied to mundus, but narrower, more convex, and
elytral markings, clothing, and legs different. The paler mark-
ings on the elytra are due partly to the colour of the derm
itself and partly to its clothing, and are less distinct on the
specimens (including the type) from the far north than the
others; on the type they form two fasciae: the first just
before the middle, interrupted at the suture and irregular
about the shoulders, the second just beyond the middle and

H2

196+

also interrupted at the suture; on the National Park specimen
the paler markings are more extended, leaving darker parts
as follows: a blotch about scutellum, a well-defined median
fascia, and a less sharply-defined subapical one. There are
four males under examination.

XYLOPHILUS RUFOHUMERALIS, 0. sp.

Black; shoulders, antennae (club excepted), palpi, and
legs more or less reddish. With very short, ashen pubescence.
Head almost impunctate. Eyes large, prominent, not
very close together, and lightly notched. Antennae thin and
moderately long, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter
than second, eleventh almost as long as ninth and tenth
combined, apex pointed. Prothorax moderately transverse,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex and then abruptly
narrowed, across middle with a shallow depression but more
conspicuously impressed on sides, near base with two small
conspicuous foveae, separated by a shining median line; with
rather small, irregularly-distributed punctures; but crowded
in the impressed parts. #lytra much wider than prothorax,
feebly dilated to beyond the middle, with a feeble swelling on
each side of scutellum at base, and a shallow depression
behind each swelling; punctures dense and rather small but
sharply defined about base, becoming very small posteriorly.
Legs rather long and thin. Length, 2 mm. ;

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6175.

Structurally close to wmpressicollis, but shoulders con-
spicuously reddish; hwmeralis (Lea, nec Pic) is a smaller
species, with pale head and prothorax and coarser punctures.
The reddish mark on each shoulder is about half the size of
the head, the apical part of the elytra is obscurely diluted
with red, the hind femora are infuscated (the other parts of
the hind legs are missing); the three apical joints of the
antennae are infuscated, but only the apical one conspicuously
so. The distance between the eyes at their nearest point is
slightly greater than the length of the basal antennal joint.
The type appears to be a female.

XYLOPHILUS POECILOPTERUS, 0. sp.

3. Brownish-black; antennae, palpi, and legs (the four
hind femora infuscated) flavo-testaceous. Clothed with short
and extremely short, ashen or whitish pubescence.

Head moderately convex between eyes; with small, norm-
ally-concealed punctures. Eyes lateral, prominent, rather
widely separated and very lightly notched. Antennae rather

197

long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter than
third but somewhat wider, tenth very closely applied to
eleventh and with it forming a small club. Prothorax about
as long as wide, sides feebly dilated to near apex and then
suddenly narrowed; with a shallow depression on each side
about middle and another in middle of base; punctures dense
but partially concealed. Hlytra flat and rather long, almost
twice the width of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, a
shallow depression traversing the suture at basal fourth; the
punctures there dense and distinct, but smaller and more or
less concealed eisewhere. Legs rather long and thin; hind
femora lightly grooved and with a short fringe of golden
pubescence; hind tibiae no wider at apex than in middle.
Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Innisfail (A. A. Girault). Type
(unique), I. 6198.

In general appearance approaching some of the depressed
species of Anthicus, but with the suture between the two
basal segments of abdomen distinct only at sides, and hind
femora with the curious clothing of several other species of
Xylophilus. The upper-surface at first glance appears to have
a kind of bloom, but this is really due to extremely minute
pubescence, amongst which is mixed the ordinary short
pubescence of the genus.

XYLOPHILUS MICROPS, 0. sp.

6. Blackish-brown; antennae (lightly infuscated about
apex), palpi, legs (hind femora infuscated) and two elytral
fasciae paler. With very fine, ashen pubescence.

Head with small, dense punctures. Eyes prominent but
(for the genus) rather small and distant. Antennae rather
long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter and
stouter than third, ninth and tenth slightly dilated and, with
the eleventh, forming a loose club. Prothoraz slightly wider
than. long, sides gently rounded and wider near apex
than elsewhere; punctures dense, sharply defined, and
rather small; with two feeble medio-basal impressions. Hlytra
rather narrow and parallel-sided, scarcely wider than widest
part of prothorax, basal impressions scarcely traceable; punc-
tures slightly larger than on prothorax, but becoming smaller
posteriorly. Legs rather long; hind femora stout, with a
conspicuous abruptly-terminated fringe on lower surface ; hind
tibiae with apical half wider than basal half, but not wider
at apex than near same. Length, 14 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6177.

198

With the general outlines of flavocastaneus, but much
darker, punctures much more conspicuous, and elytral fasciae
in somewhat different positions: the first is oblique from each
shoulder to the suture (with the scutellar region infuscated),
and the second is at the apical third, not quite touching the
sides or suture. It is apparently closer to algicola than to
any other described species, but is narrower, more parallel-
sided and darker, with very different markings; from mundus
it differs in being narrower and more convex, with different
markings and pubescence. I have been unable to see the
front legs clearly, but the middle tibiae are somewhat sinuous
near apex. Each eye, as seen from directly in front, occupies
only about one-fifth of the width of head.

XYLOPHILUS DOLICHODERES, N. sp.

3. Flavous, with markings varying from light brown
to black. Clothed with very short pubescence, varying from
white to brown.

Head wide; punctures partially concealed. Eyes large,
prominent, not very close together, and feebly notched.
Antennae rather long and thin, second joint small but slightly
longer and thicker than third, fourth-tenth subequal in
length, eleventh irregularly subovate, not as long as ninth
and tenth combined. Prothoraz slightly longer than wide,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex, and then strongly
narrowed; with dense but partially-concealed punctures ;
with two subcontiguous, small, medio-basal impressions.
Elytra depressed, much wider than prothorax at base, sides
gently but distinctly dilated to beyond the middle, with a
shallow but fairly long depression on each, commencing at
base near the shoulder; with dense and rather small punc-
tures, becoming still smaller posteriorly. Legs rather long
and thin; hind femora moderately stout, with a short sub-
basal fringe on lower surface; hind tibiae rather thin (but
stouter than the others), no wider at apex than in middle.
Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6199.

Structurally a distinct species; but the colours are
probably variable. The head and prothorax are of a rather
deep red, with the sides of the prothorax black, but appear-
ing slaty-grey on account of the pubescence; the elytra are
flavous but with irregular light brown markings occupying
most of the basal two-thirds, the suture close to the scutellum
is blackish, near the suture on the basal two-thirds there
are some irregular patches of pale pubescence; the under-
surface, hind femora, and base of hind tibiae are blackish,

199

the rest of the legs, the antennae, and palpi are conspicuously
flavous. The pubescence causes part of the upper-surface to
appear to have a kind of ‘‘bloom.’’ The distance between
the eyes at their nearest point is slightly more than the
length of the basal antennal joint. The elytra at their
widest are more than twice the width of the prothorax.

XYLOPHILUS BRACHYDERES, N. sp.

Of a dingy light brownish-red, palpi and most of legs
paler; head, an elytral fascia, abdomen (wholly or in part),
and hind femora more or less deeply infuscated. Densely
clothed with very short, pale pubescence.

Head strongly convex; with dense, small, and partially-
concealed punctures. Eyes prominent, lightly notched,
widely separated, and (for the genus) small. Antennae
rather short, second joint subglobular and slightly shorter
than third, fourth-tenth each transverse and slightly dilated
to apex, eleventh very little wider than tenth, and shorter
than ninth and tenth combined. /Prothorazx strongly trans-
verse, sides lightly dilated to near apex, and then suddenly
narrowed, base very lightly trisinuate, with two shallow
depressions near middle of base; punctures very dense but
partially concealed by clothing. Hlytra distinctly wider than
base of prothorax, but at base not much wider than widest
part of same, sides lightly but distinctly dilated to beyond
the middle; punctures dense and rather sharply defined (but
partially obscured by pubescence) about base, but becoming
very small posteriorly. Legs rather long and thin. Length,
1-14 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton, to light (A. M. Lea),
Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Helidon (C. J. Wild, in Queens-
land Museum); New South Wales: Richmond River (A. J.
Coates), Sydney (C. Gibbons). Type, I. 6168.

A small dumpy species, structurally closer perhaps to
erassicornis than to any other Australian species, but with
very different colours. The male differs from the female in
having slightly larger eyes, antennae somewhat longer, elytra
less dilated posteriorly, abdomen less convex, and legs dis-
tinctly longer; the hind tibiae are rather thin and no wider
at apex than in middle. The elytral fascia touches the sides
slightly in advance of the middle, but touches the suture
almost at the exact middle, and is subtriangularly continued
along the suture half-way to the apex; although not very
dark it is quite distinct on all the (six) specimens under
examination ; the vicinity of the scutellum is sometimes lightly
infuscated. The greatest width of the prothorax is almost

200

equal to that of the head; the elytra are without sub-basal
depressions.

A specimen from the Swan River appears to belong to
the species, but has the elytral fascia much less defined and
not traceable to the suture; with the under-surface and legs
entirely pale.

XYLOPHILUS ANTHICICEPS, n. sp.

3. Of a dingy castaneous-red, with black or infuscate
markings. Densely clothed with short, pale pubescence.

Head elongate; with dense, partially-concealed punc-
tures. Eyes prominent, lightly notched, rather distant from
each other and from the base. Antennae moderately long,
second joint subglobular, slightly shorter and stouter than
third, eleventh irregularly subovate, slightly shorter than
ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax about as long as wide,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex, and then
suddenly narrowed, with a small semidouble medio-basal
impression, punctures much as on head. #lytra much wider
than prothorax at base, sides lightly but distinctly dilated to
beyond the middle; with dense and sharply-defined but not
very large punctures about base, becoming smaller posteriorly.
Legs rather long and thin; hind femora rather stout; hind
tibiae no wider at apex than in middle. Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6176.

The markings are not sharply defined and on the basal
two-thirds of elytra are somewhat as in mediofasciatus, but
structurally and in colours elsewhere the two species are very
different. In general appearance, more especially about the
head, it rather strongly resembles many species of Anthicus,
but the suture between the two basal segments of abdomen
is distinct only at the sides, and the basal joint of the hind
tarsi is lightly curved and much longer than the rest
combined. The head and prothorax are of a very dingy
red, and the colour is partly obscured by the clothing, the
sides of the prothorax are also infuscated; the elytra are
mostly black, with each shoulder reddish; there is also a very
obscurely reddish patch (large and very ill-defined) on the
apical slope; the three basal joints of the antennae are partly
infuscated, the three apical ones are black, the others are of
a rather bright red; the under-surface and hind femora are
blackish. The distance between the eyes is about equal to
that between each and the base, and about equal to the
combined length of the two basal joints of antennae. The
elytra at their widest are more than twice the width of the
head ; and the sub-basal impressions are very feeble.

201

XYLOPHILUS MEDIOFASCIATUS, n. sp.

Of a dingy reddish-brown; elytra variegated, appendages
flavous. Densely clothed with very short, ashen pubescence.

Head with small, dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Eyes large, prominent, lightly notched, and fairly close
together in front. Antennae moderately long, second joint
short, slightly shorter than third but no thinner, the follow-
ing ones very lightly serrated, eleventh subovate, almost as
long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax almost as
long as wide, slightly wider near apex than elsewhere; with
dense and small, partially-concealed punctures ; with a vague
impression across middle, and two small subconjoined impres-
sions in middle of base. Hlytra flat, distinctly wider than pro-
thorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex, with a shallow
depression on each side of base near shoulder; punctures
dense, rather small and partially concealed, becoming very
small- posteriorly. Legs rather long; all the tibiae thin.
Length, 2 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (A. M. Lea), unique.

The sex of the type is doubtful; it is not very striking
in general appearance, but I know nothing at all close to it.
The elytra are of three shades of colour, but the shades not
abruptly limited, although quite distinct: commencing on
each shoulder and triangularly dilated to about the basal
third the colour is much the same as that of the antennae,
across the middle is a wide fascia coloured as the prothorax,
between this and the subhumeral patches the colour is slaty-
grey, the part beyond the fascia (about two-fifths of the apex)
is coloured as the shoulders. The distance between the eyes
at their nearest approach is about equal to the length of the
basal antennal joint.

XYLOPHILUS CNEMOPACHYS, N. sp.

3. Flavous; head more or less deeply infuscated, some-
times black. Rather densely clothed with very short
pubescence.

Head strongly transverse; with dense, partially-concealed
punctures. Hyes large and rather close together, feebly
notched. Antennae rather short, second joint subglobular,
stouter and slightly longer than third, third and fourth
small and equal, fifth-tenth slightly larger, subequal and all
transverse, eleventh subovate, scarcely wider than tenth but
distinctly longer. Prothorax rather lightly transverse,
slightly wider near apex than elsewhere; with very dense,
partially-concealed punctures; with four depressions at base:
a small one on each side, and two slightly larger subconjoined

202

ones in middle. Llytra rather long, much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a shallow depression
on each side of a feeble subscutellar elevation; with dense
and not very large but sharply-defined punctures about base,
becoming smaller and partially concealed posteriorly. Tip of
abdomen bifoveate. Legs long; hind tibiae strongly dilated
from each end to middle. Length, 1#-2 mm.

Q. Differs in being slightly wider, eyes smaller and
not so close together, antennae slightly shorter, hind tibiae
evenly dilated from base to apex, and notched at apex, and
in the abdomen.

Hab.—Queensland: Townsville (Blackburn’s collection
and H. H. D. Griffith, from F. P. Dodd). Type, I. 6163.

A depressed species readily distinguished from all other
members of the genus by the greatly thickened hind tibiae
of the male; the small fourth joint of antennae is also rather
peculiar. On an occasional specimen there is a slight infus-
cation on the disc of the pronotum. The distance between
the eyes of the male at their nearest point is less than the
length of the basal joint of antennae; in the female the
distance is slightly more. At first glance the abdomen
of the male along the middle appears to be composed of but
three segments, owing to the complete obliteration of the
suture between the two basal segments across the middle,
and to the fourth being much shorter than the third; on the
female, however, the third and fourth are of even length,
and the fifth has a vague median depression only.

XYLOPHILUS DIVISUS, Nn. sp.

d. Flavous; head sometimes rather lightly infuscated.
Moderately densely clothed with (for the genus) not very
short pubescence.

Head with small and rather sparse punctures. Eyes
large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
moderately long, second and third joints small and subequal,
the following ones not much larger, eleventh almost as long
as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax rather small; with
dense and moderately small but sharply-defined punctures;
with a vague depression on each side of base. Hlytra moder-
ately convex, much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to
beyond the middle, subscutellar elevations extremely feeble ;
punctures rather denser and more sharply defined (although
not larger) than on prothorax, becoming smaller posteriorly.
Middle tzbzae distinctly dilated from base to beyond the
middle and then rather abruptly narrowed to apex; hind
pair rather thin, no wider at apex than in middle. Length,
14-2 mm.

203

Q. Differs in having the eyes smaller and not so close
together, antennae somewhat shorter, abdomen more convex,
legs shorter and middle tibiae simple.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 6180.

A small pale species, with peculiar middle tibiae in the
male; the hind femora are of two shades of colour, sharply
contrasted and longitudinally divided along the middle, on
some males the darker shade is of a rather dark brown; on
the females the division is much less distinct. The distance
between the eyes of the male at their nearest point is less
than the length of the basal antennal joint. The pronotum
on some specimens has remnants of a vague median line, and
the basal depressions, when present, are feeble and ill defined.

XYLOPHILUS DECIPIENS, N. sp.

3g. Flavous; head slightly darker than elsewhere. Very
finely pubescent.

Head with small and rather numerous punctures. Eyes
large and rather close together. Antennae moderately long,
second joint small, third to tenth subequal, eleventh almost
as long as ninth and tenth combined, lightly dilated to beyond
the middle and then strongly narrowed on one side to apex.
Prothoraz rather strongly transverse; with dense and rather
small, but sharply-defined punctures; with several vague
depressions. Slytra distinctly wider than prothorax, and
with somewhat similar punctures, but becoming smaller pos-
teriorly. Metasternwm widely and distinctly depressed in
middle, and with distinct punctures there. Middle tcbiae
lightly curved and rather thick throughout, hind tibiae thin,
lightly curved, apical half of even width, except that it is
slightly narrowed to tip; hind femora rather stout. Length,
14 mm.

” Hab.—Queensland: Hamilton (C. J. Wild). Type
(unique), I. 6394.

In general appearance strikingly close to the preceding
species, with which I had at one time confused it, but
readily distinguished by the middle tibiae of the male; these
on the present species are decidedly thick, but not dilated
to a special point, and are hollow on the lower surface, the
hind legs are also somewhat different, the eyes are not quite
so close together, and the metasternum is different; on that
species its median depression is considerably narrower, shorter,
and almost impunctate.

XYLOPHILUS NIGRICLAVUS, 0. sp.
3. Of a rather dingy flavous; three apical joints of
antennae blackish. With very short, pale pubescence.

204

Head with small, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
rather long and thin, second joint stouter and distinctly
longer than third, third about half the length of fourth,
eleventh irregularly ovate, wider than tenth and distinctly
shorter than ninth and tenth combined. /Prothorax rather
small; with dense, partially-concealed punctures; with a
feeble transverse median impression, and two small, subcon-
joined, medio-basal ones. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and
sharply-defined, but not very large punctures, becoming
smaller posteriorly ; with a feeble swelling on each near scutel-
lum, and a shallow depression behind same. Legs moderately
long; hind tibiae dilated to and notched at tip. Length,
13-12 mm.

Q. Differs in having eyes not quite so close together,
antennae shorter, elytra not quite so parallel-sided, abdomen
more convex, median impression of mesosternum less sharply
defined, and legs shorter, with hind tibiae less conspicuously
dilated at apex.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) :
Innisfail (A. A. Girault). Type, I. 6181.

Longer in proportion than divisus, and antennae tipped
with black. The distance separating the eyes of the male is
less than the basal joint of antennae; of these the third joint
is unusually small.

XYLOPHILUS INTERIORIS, Nn. Sp.

Flavous; head infuscated. Rather densely clothed with
short, whitish pubescence.

Head with dense and (where not concealed by pubescence)
rather sharply-defined punctures. Eyes large, fairly close
together in front, lightly notched. Antennae not very long,
second-tenth joints subequal in width, the second and third
slightly smaller than the others, eleventh very little wider but
distinctly longer than tenth. Prothorax rather strongly
transverse; with dense and rather small punctures; with a
feeble transverse impression at middle, and two small sub-
conjoined medio-basal ones. H#lytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a vague longitudinal:
depression near each shoulder; with dense and small punc-
tures, sharply defined only on basal third. Legs rather long;
hind tibiae gently dilated to and notched at apex. Length,
21 mm.

* Hab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type (unique), I. 6178.

205

In general appearance like a large specimen of cnemo-
pachys, but differs in beng larger and less depressed, in the
prothorax, etc.; in addition it differs from the male of that
species in its very different legs, and from the female in its
larger eyes, closer together at their nearest, where the distance:
between them is equal to the basal antennal joint; the hind
tibiae also have the apex more oblique than on that species.
From divisus it differs in being larger, more depressed, and
with much finer punctures, and in the head, antennae, and
legs. The type is probably a female.

XYLOPHILUS FUSCIVENTIS, n. sp.

Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, abdomen darker ; elytra,
antennae (somewhat infuscated towards apex), palpi, and
legs of a rather dingy flavous. With sparse and very short,
pale pubescence.

Head widely transverse; with dense and small, partially-
concealed punctures. Eyes large, prominent, and very
lightly notched in front, not very close together. Antennae
rather thin, second joint subglobular, slightly larger than
third, third about half the length of fourth, eleventh slightly
longer and wider than tenth. Prothoraz distinctly trans-
verse, parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and rather
sharply-defined punctures, with some vague depressions across:
middle and a more distinct one on each side of middle of base.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, very feebly dilated to
beyond the middle, basal depression near each shoulder very
feeble; punctures about base slightly larger and more distinct
than on prothorax, becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs rather
long; hind tibiae dilated to and notched at apex. Length,
12 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Bluff (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),.
I. 6182.

In build close to nigriclavus, but without a post-scutellar
depression, prothorax larger, antennae not so thin and with
the club paler, and the abdomen darker. From cenemopachys
it differs in having narrower and less depressed elytra, with
coarser punctures, and in the antennae and abdomen. From
divisus it is distinct by the medio-basal impressions of the
pronotum. I have not been able to see the front legs clearly,
but as the middle tibiae are thin and lightly curved the type
is probably a male.

XYLOPHILUS LATEROFUSCUS, 0. sp.

g. Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, head and parts of
under-surface darker, sides of elytra lightly infuscated about

206

middle, parts of legs somewhat flavous. Densely clothed with
very short, pale pubescence.

Head rather strongly transverse, punctures indistinct.
Eyes large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
rather long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly wider
and shorter than third, third-tenth subequal, eleventh slightly
longer and wider than tenth. Prothorax distinctly trans-
verse; with dense, more or less concealed punctures; with a
conspicuous depression on each side of middle of base. Hlytra
much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; with
dense and rather small, partially-concealed punctures, but
more distinct than elsewhere on and about a feeble sub-
scutellar swelling, and a shallow depression near same on each
elytron. Legs rather long; hind tibiae no wider at tip than
near same. Length, 14-14 mm.

©. Differs in having the head somewhat smaller, eyes
not so close together (although fairly close), abdomen more
convex, and legs slightly and antennae conspicuously shorter.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) :
Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6188.

The elytral markings at first glance are vaguely sugges-
tive of those of brachyderes, but they are lateral only, the
general shape is more parallel-sided and the hind femora are
dark; a female from Cairns is rather paler than the type,
but with the head darker, the lateral markings of the elytra
more distinct, and the legs uniformly pale. The pubescence
is extremely short, but is so dense that the finer sculpture is
almost concealed, on the upper-surface it is almost ashen (on
the elytra it occasionally appears to be subvittate), but on
the under-surface it is whiter. On one female from Cairns
the dark lateral markings are more extended, the elytra are
non-vittate, and the sterna are almost blood-red; its abdomen
is missing. The depressions at the base of the pronotum from
some directions appear semicircular and much larger than
from others; whilst from some directions, especially on the
females, each appears to be divided into two. The distance
between the eyes of the male at their closest is much less than |
the length of the basal antennal joint; in the female it is
almost equal to the length of that joint.

XYLOPHILUS TRICHOMERUS, N. sp.

Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, elytra and appendages not
much paler. Clothed with very short pubescence, more
distinct on under-surface than on upper.

Head rather convex; with dense, but partially-concealed
punctures. Eyes widely separated, prominent, and lightly
notched. Antennae moderately long, second joint subglobular

207

and rather small, third to tenth subequal in length
but feebly increasing in width, eleventh slightly wider than
tenth, and almost as long as ninth and tenth combined.
Prothoraa lightiy transverse, sides slightly dilated from base
to near apex, and then suddenly narrowed, with a shallow
depression across base and a still more feeble one across
middle, but becoming fairly strong on sides; with. dense,
partially-concealed punctures, more distinct on sides than
elsewhere. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided
to near apex; with dense and rather sharply-defined punc-
tures on and about a feeble subscutellar elevation, and a
feeble depression near same on each elytron, but becoming
much smaller posteriorly. Legs moderately long; hind femora
with a short but distinct fringe on lower surface; hind tibiae
rather thin, no wider at apex than in middle. Length, 2} mm.

Hab. — Queensland : Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 6184.

A dingy uniformly-coloured species, with eyes unusually
small for the genus, the distance between them at their closest
is about equal to the length of the four basal joints of
antennae. The peculiar clothing of the hind femora seems
to be a masculine character, but the abdomen is more convex
than is usual in males, and from its tip there is protruding
a long, thin, soft appendage that certainly appears to be an
ovipositor.

XYLOPHILUS RUFOBRUNNEUS, N. Sp.

Of a dingy reddish-brown, appendages somewhat paler,
under-surface almost black. Densely clothed with extremely
short, dingy pubescence.

Head with small, dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Eyes prominent, widely separated, lightly notched and (for
the genus) decidedly small. Antennae short, eleventh joint
wider than tenth and about as long as ninth and tenth com-
bined. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides gently rounded
and, at widest, fully the width of head across eyes, with a
shallow oblique impression on each side of middle of base,
and a still more feeble and smaller one on each side ; punctures
dense and partially concealed. Hlytra not much wider than
prothorax, sides feebly rounded, base without distinct
impressions; with dense and sharply-defined, but rather
small punctures about base, becoming much smaller pos-
teriorly. Legs rather long and thin; hind tibiae dilated to
and notched at tip. Length,2 mm. |
| Hab.—South Australia (Blackburn’s eeeceon): Type

ee IL. 6179.
A very dingy species with (for the genus) unusually
small and distant eyes. The medio-basal depressions of the

208
pronotum are shallow but very distinct from some directions,
but the others are invisible from most. There is a short
shining process protruding from the abdomen, but as it has
two hair-like apical appendages I presume the type is a female.

XYLOPHILUS ACACIAE, N. sp.

Piceous-brown; head and abdomen sometimes blackish,
basal joints of antennae, palpi, and legs rather obscurely
flavous. Closely covered with extremely short, ashen pubes-
cence, becoming white on parts of under-surface.

Head transverse; with minute, concealed punctures.
Eyes large, prominent, lightly notched and not very close
together. Antennae moderately long, second joint small and
-ssubglobular, eleventh wider than tenth, and almost as long
as ninth and tenth combined. /Prothorar rather small, very
little wider than long; punctures more or less concealed ; with
three conspicuous impressions: two suboblique ones separated
by a narrow line at base, and a longitudinal one in middle; a
feeble impression on each side of base. Hlytra much wider
than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a feeble
impression on each side close to a very feeble subscutellar
‘swelling; punctures fairly distinct on basal half, but feeble
elsewhere. Legs rather long and thin; hind tibiae very little
wider at apex than near same. Length 17-2 mm.

@. Differs in having smaller and more widely-separated
eyes, shorter antennae, prothorax rather more transverse,
abdomen less convex, and legs shorter.

Hab.—Tasmania: Mole Creek, beaten in numbers from
“‘Blackwood’’ (Acacia melanoxylon), Swansea; New South
Wales: National Park, Wollongong (A. M. Lea); Queens-
land (Blackburn’s collection, from C. French), Mount Tam-
bourine (Lea). Type, I. 6192.

A small dingy species with the pubescence so extremely
fine and close together that the upper-surface appears to have
a kind of ‘‘bloom’’ (present but to a less extent on the under-
surface). In general appearance it is fairly close to incon-
sprcwus, but the punctures are very much smaller, and there
are many other differences. From most directions the parts
adjacent to the three larger prothoracic depressions appear
to form a conspicuous Y. The distance between the eyes of
the male at their closest is about equal to the length of the
two basal joints of antennae. The antennae are occasionally
entirely pale, but usually have the basal joints paler than the
others, the sterna are occasionally as dark as the abdomen,
the hind femora are sometimes lightly infuscated. One
specimen from Mole Creek, three from Wollongong, and the

209

specimen from the Blackburn collection have the prothorax
and elytra testaceous ; one female from the National Park has
the shoulders obscurely diluted with red, and the elytral
punctures rather larger than usual; the specimen from Mount
Tambourine is an unusually small male.

PYROCHROIDAE.

Mr. Blair having removed Lemodes from the Pyro-
chroidae to the Anthicidae 4) and stated 5) that Pseudolycus
apicalis, Macl., belongs to the group of Oedemeridae that
includes Techmessa and Pseudananca, the family Pyrochroidae
now contains no described Australian species.

MORDELLIDAE.

Having occasion to describe some insular species of this
family, it appeared desirable to systematically examine all
the specimens in the South Australian Museum, that. insti-
tution having numerous unnamed specimens from the Black-
burn collection and other sources, including an abundance
of material from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Several Australian
Museums were communicated with, and specimens were
received for examination from the Queensland, Australian
(including the type of Wordellistena brunneipennis), Macleay
(including the types of seven species), and National Museums ;
some specimens from Mr. H. J. Carter’s and my own col-
lections were also examined.

In working out a family or group of beetles one naturally
desires to make one’s work as complete as possible; but in
this family it is frequently desirable to leave unnamed many
specimens, as the species are so closely allied in structure
that markings must be relied upon to a quite disproportionate
degree in comparison with other families; and the pat-
terns being very variable in extent (due to partial absence
in places and enlargements in others), although not, or to
but a slight extent, in disposition, and liable to considerable
alteration in appearance from a slight amount of abrasion,
it frequently happens that, with long series, connecting forms
quite clearly denote that specimens apparently quite distinct
from others, are but the outside forms of particular species.
Wide golden spots and bands become attenuated and silvery, or
white ; sharply-defined markings gradually encroach upon each
other till many of their outlines are blurred, bands and zigzag
markings break up into spots, some markings completely disap-
pear but leave others quite sharply defined ; old specimens are
often considerably altered in appearance by grease, verdigris,

(144) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1918, p. 207.
(15) Z.c., Miarch, 1914, p. 311.

210

and dust; grease frequently causes the entire disappear-
ance of markings that, after treatment with chloroform or
other grease-absorbing liquids, again become quite distinct.
Specimens mounted on cards when wet, or with very watery
gum, frequently also apparently lose their markings; and it
is not always easy to restore them, as the amount of soaking
and brushing necessary tends to abrade the pubescence; a
slight amount of grease or dirt also may obscure the generic
details on the hind legs of Mordellistena (especially of the
dark species). In some specimens also the point of view,
especially in relation to the pronotum, may make consider-
able apparent difference. A change from silvery (or white)
to golden (or stramineous) is of no specific value, and seldom
even of varietal; moreover, golden markings (with age or
after lengthy immersion in liquids) frequently lose their
gloss, and white markings under similar circumstances fre-
quently become yellowish. On many species parts of the
legs are reddish, but the amount of red is frequently liable
to sexual and even individual variation. The shape of the
pygidium is also liable to sexual alteration, and its apparent
shape by the greater or less extent to which it is clasped by
the abdomen. On most specimens the antennae are difficult
to examine clearly, and even when so seen their apparent
proportions alter with the point of view. Any worker at
the family, with an abundance of material, is certain to
have many specimens that might be referred to any of several
species, hence it is desirable to leave such specimens unnamed
(or at least queried); this is especially the case with the
allies of promiscua and of baldiensis.

The number of species now known from Australia,
although large, probably represents but a small proportion
of the actual number existing, as many species appear to
occur only on flowers on tops of tall trees (and it is this
fact that makes the collection from Mr. Dodd of special
interest). As yet very few species have been recorded from
the Northern Territory, the interior, or the North-west, and
it is unreasonable to suppose with species occurring in
abundance elsewhere, that there are not many species also
in those parts. They are attracted by flowers of almost
every kind of plant (even of grasses and of everlastings),
and on many kinds of flowers they frequently swarm in
immense numbers, many species being often mixed together.
The close general resemblance of the species to each other
have probably caused many collectors to refrain from making
special efforts to obtain them, and the lively habits and small
size of many species have also, no doubt, contributed to their
escaping capture by collectors.

211

The wide distribution of most of the species renders it
desirable not to describe as new specimens from widely-
separated localities if it is at all possible to connect them
provisionally with previously-named species, but to put aside
such specimens till the acquisition of more material either
puts their distinctness beyond question, or allows the con-
necting forms to be noted.

In the male the palpi have the apical joint considerably
larger than in the female, the antennae are usually slightly
stouter, the front tibiae are usually longer, strongly curved
or falcate, the front (and frequently the middle) tarsi more
dilated, and the pygidium slightly more acute; but the
sexual differences appear to be seldom of use to distinguish
closely-allied species.

But three genera have been recorded from Australia, all
of wide distribution; probably in the hands of a revisionist,
having a world-wide collection available, some of our species
would be referred to other genera, but at present it appears
desirable to refer all the new ones here described to the three
genera in question, which may be thus recognized : —
Pygidium short or moderately short, its tip trun-

cate; scutellum wide, angularly cutting into

eae elytrenat NASG! a5. ees De. oe. ik. | Pomonia
Hind tibiae with from two to five oblique ridges... Mordellistena
Pygidium long or moderately long, scutellum not

angularly cutting into elytra, hind tibiae

Without obhque Tidges ... ... 2.0 0... 6. Mordella

Subsequent to Masters’ Catalogue Australian species of the
family have been#described, or commented upon, as follows :—

Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, pp. 317-320.

Olli: Mem. Aust. Mus., u1., 1889, p. 90.

Blackburn: Trans.. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1891, p. 341;

1892, p. 46; 1893, pp. 136-138.

Champion: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, pp. 266-272 ;
1896, pp. 448, 449.

Lea: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1895, pp. 285-304 ;
1896, p. 295; 1904, pp. 95, 96; Trans, Ent’ Sac.
Lond.) £902) ‘pp. 1-9; Proc. Roy. Soc: :Vic.,.: 1907,
pwioee 19135 p. 224.

With. regard to the patterns given on the plates it is
to be noted that these are drawn as if the suture was slightly
curved ; this was in consequence of the desirability of show-
ing the humeral markings more clearly than if drawn directly
from above; the point of view was obliquely from the side,
so that the slight scutellar notch of many species apparently
disappears. The patterns also are drawn as if the markings
were solid and sharply defined; this they usually are, but

212

sometimes the white pubescence has a straggling appearance
at the edges. The markings also are frequently different
on the different sides of an individual.

The geographical distribution and synonymy are as
follows : —

S. Austr.

W. Austr.
N.-W. Austr.
N. Terr.

Nie Wales.

Q’land.

*

Mordella Olea IDET Soke
alphabetica, Lea
auronotata, Lea

Lord Howe Isld.

australis (Bov.), Lea
albosignata, Boh.
albosparsa, Gemm.
undosa, Macl. ...

baldiensis, Blackb. ,
obliqua, Waterh., n. pr.

var. alboscutellata, Lea he

var. ignota, Lea
var. inconspicua, Lea
var. waterhousei, Champ.
bella, Waterh. aU ee
blanda, Lea
brevis ea *
calodema, Lea
calopasa, Lea .
caloptera, Lea
cara, Blackb.
caroli, Lea
waterhousei, Lea, n. pr.
chrysophora, Lea
conspecta, Lea
corvina, Lea
cuneata, [ea ...
distincta, Lea

fulvonotata, Champ., ae pr.

dumbrelli, Lea
elegans, Waterh.
var. festiva, Lea
. elongatula, Macl.
exilis, Germz 700 tis) ee
var. obscurior, Blackb.
var. rufimanus, Blackb. .
felix, Waterh. a
fuscipilis, Champ.
Sp np ters, Champ.
H-fasciata, Lea ...
hamatilis, Macl.
humeralis, Waterh.
inornata, Dea <:
‘inusitata, Blackb.

Stradbroke, King,
[and Kangaroo
[Islands

|
|
\Stradbroke and

| [Rottnest Islds.

|

|

iStradbroke and

| [Kangaroo Islds.
(King and Garden
[Islands

|
:
Mau. Isld.
|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|Aru Island

one Australia

: King Island

| | ie
a 2) ee ae
. 35 ei 2lc| &
5 | Sr tte. \2 <iE/ &
Se Sap Be | eh
oz > | a) B Z| Z

: |

Mordella iridea, Lea :

lepida, Redt.
leucosticta, Germ. ...
abdominalis, Bless.
limbata, Waterh. .
var. W-album, Champ.
mastersi, Lea ... ..
metasternalis, Lea
mixta, Bor. .
multiguttata, Waterh. gs
nigrans, Macl. vey te Sas te ‘
|

King Island

|
|
|
|
|

Norfolk Island

norfolcensis, MCR ih seer hee
moteoilis, Macl. ... 2.0 | *
notatipennis, Lea . F
9-maculata, Lea
obliquirufa, Lea
obsoleta, Lea . Ms
18-maculata, Lea ...
8-maculata, Macl. .
ornata, Waterh.
ovalisticta, Macl. .
pallida, Lea
parva, Champ.
promiscua, Er.
communis, Waterh. ete)
var. aemula, i a |

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Stradbroke, King,
ieee, Kan-
| [garoo, Garden,
var. fugitiva, Waar 3.25: | fand Rottnest
var. raymondi, Lea... ... | | [Islands
var. simillima, Lea ... |
var. trivialis, Waterh.
pulchra, Lea iA ey

pulverulenta, Macl. ... rales |

maculatissima, Blackb. | |
pygidialis, Lea # # |Lord Howe Isld.
pygmaea, Champ. .

anuormis, wea... ... ...| |
amacmiatwihea ... ... ...|./*
(maculata Bea... ... ...\"|* |
ruficollis, Waterh. ... ... ... ote ae an
*

Stradbroke Isld.

rufipes, Lea

Sericaliny Memes. se...

Sater tel asl) 001

sydneyana, Blackb. ieee ae
var. cairnsensis, Lea cere

tarsalis, Lea

tomentosa, Boi.

tristis, Lea

V-aurea, Lea ...

verticordiae, Lea <2. :.. ...
var. niveosuturalis, Lea ...

*

|
|

iNew Holland
|
|
|
|

Angee

Mordella V-fasciata, Lea

Tomoxia

var. modesta, Lea

var. venusta, Lea
vitticollis, Lea
wiburdi, Lea ...
apicata, Lea
aterrima, Jacl.
exoleta, Lea
flavicans, W aterh.
howensis, Lea
laticeps, Lea ...
maculicollis, Lea
melanura, Lea
melasoma, Lea
sexlineata, Lea

Mordellistena abaceta, Lea ...

aspersa, Champ.
atronitens, Lea
austrina, Champ.
setipes, Lea
brunneipennis, Macl.
castigata, Lea
coelioxys, Lea
concinna, Lea
concolor, Lea ...
cuspidata, Macl.
flavicans, Macl.
fusca, Lea
fuscula, Lea
longipes, Lea wad
jucunda, Champ., n. pr.
melvillensis, Lea ...
multilineata, Lea
obscuripennis, Macl.
pulcherrima, Lea ...
tibialis, Lea
trichura, Lea

. ie
| c Spee
| ~| y a
| 8| 2 e/al<|E) &
| ol z Slale|z| 2
ra E + | a nae
Baet
ot | | | |
Bl. a
5 fo Ste [Stradbroke Isld.
Pa) | | ae Stead broke Siete
| an 7h |
|
| | | | |Lord Howe Isld.
| * |
Baal eas |
eaalite
a, |
earl tad ) | -.esad |
ema KA ah | |*(16)|
eo ea ee |
Maes] Fife a lM ae eee: Island
enol oe
ah ee
* | |
| } {
ae ba |
CUR Bis ai
anal | |
fe} | | !
| |
| ‘ | ae [Lord Howe Isld.
ae ‘ee
ie: | | |Melville Island
% tyres
aahee
1 Waa al | ‘ |
|

|

South Wales.

I am unacquainted with the following species: —
1. Mordella lemda, Redt.

A minute species from New
Black, the derm with flavous markings in-

cluding two spots on each elytron, the hind tibiae and tarsi
black, but the rest of the legs flavous.

2. Mordella mixta, Fabr. :
Voy. “Ast.,” p. 290. I have not seen the fe description

(16) Adelaide River is in the Northern Territory.

Syst. El.,

cape? | Boi:

215

of this species; but in Boisduval’s the species is recorded
from Nouvelle-Galles (in Gemminger and Harold it is recorded
from Nova Cambria), no doubt New South Wales being
meant, but New South Wales then (1835) included both
Victoria and Queensland. His description is: “Major,
cinerea, thorace pubescente, linea dorsali lata maculaque
utringue atris; coleopteris bast cinereis, maculis quingue
atris, fascia rufa.’’ Presuming the dorsal line to be a longi-
tudinal one, the only known large Australian species with
such a line are elongatula and conspecta; in the former the
median fascia of the elytra is sometimes conspicuously golden,
but it is certainly not reddish; and in the latter it is seldom
even golden. It would, however, be inadvisable to identify
any species as mixta without additional particulars. It was
omitted from Masters’ Catalogue.

3. Mordella ornata, Waterh. A small species from
North-western Australia, the two typical specimens not in
close agreement and a third doubtfully associated with them.
It appears to approach some forms of bella or of limbata.

4. Mordella parva, Champ. A minute species from Tas-
mania. Described from a single specimen ‘‘extremely like’’
pygmaea, but distinct mainly by the fourth joint of antennae
being equal to the third, instead of twice as long.

5. Mordella tomentosa, Boi. To associate this name with
any insect from the original description, ‘‘A/inor olivacea,
holosericea, elytris apice nigris, subtus nigra,” could be hardly
more than a guess, and until the type can be examined and
properly described I think the name should be regarded as
one impossible of recognition. In Blackburn’s collection two:
specimens of bella were identified as tomentosa, and the
description agrees with several specimens of bella before me,
although not of the typical form; also with many specimens
of lambata, specimens of T'omoxia apicata, of T. melanura,
and forms of other species. Its locality was given as New
Holland.

6. Tomoxia flavicans, Waterh. Apparently close to
apicata, but with a median as well as an apical portion of the
elytra devoid of pale pubescence. Described as from the
Clarence River.

7. Mordellistena aspersa, Champ. A single specimen
described as from the Adelaide River (Northern Territory).
Apparently very close to austrina, and with the same numbers
of oblique ridges on the hind tibiae and two basal joints of
tarsi; but the ridges of different lengths, the third joint
apparently without any, and the colour and clothing some-
what different.

216

MORDELLA.

It does not appear to be possible, so far as the main
genus is concerned, to prepare a table that could be implicitly
relied upon, or that would be of even reasonable assistance
towards the identification of our species; but I have appor-
tioned the species into various divisions and groups, and the
patterns given should be of some assistance. The divisions,
etc., are as follows :—

Div. 1. Derm of prothorax and elytra not both entirely

~ black.@?)
blanda, calodema, caloptera, caroli, distincta,
humeralis, obliquirufa, pallida, 4-maculata,
ruficollis, subvittata, V-fasciata, wiburdi.

Div. 2. Derm of prothorax and elytra entirely black.

Group 1. Elytra with conspicuous pale clothing con-
densed into spots or fasciae.
Subg. 1. Species of large size. (18)
chrysophora, conspecta, dumbrellr,0 elonga-
tula, leucosticta, multiguttata, notabilis,
8-maculata, ovalisticta, 1}-maculata, vitti-
collis.
Subg. 2. Abdomen red.
pulchra.
Subg. 3. Of medium or small size and derm of
abdomen black.
adipata, alphabetica, auronotata, australis,
bella, brevis, calopasa,) cara, elegans, felix,
graphiptera, hamatilis, iridea, metasternalis,
norfolcensis,2) mnotatipennis 9-maculata, (22
obsoleta, 13-maculata,() promiscua, pulver-
ulenta, sydneyana, V-aurea. ,

(17) On many of the black species with white markings on the
elytra the shoulders are often diluted with red below the clothing,
but in such cases the red is inconspicuous—for instance, nothing
like as distinct as on humeralis—consequently these have not been
regarded as belonging to Div. 1.

(18) In this group the prothoracic markings are usually also
on a different plan to those of the smaller species.

(19)Some specimens of this species are no larger than the
average size of 9-maculata, but the prothoracic markings are those
of the larger species.

(20) Some specimens of this species might be regarded as
belonging to Div. 1.

(21) A variety of this species appears at first glance to belong
to Group 3.

(22) Of rather large size for this subgroup, but much below the
average size of those of Subg. 1.

(23) Although of small size the prothoracic markings of this
species are more like those of Subg. 1.

217

Group 2. Elytra with two isolated black spots of
clothing.

inusttata.

Group 3. Elytra with uniform pubescence, or if not
uniform markings entirely lateral or sutural, never
as pale spots or transverse fasciae.

baldiensis, corvina, cuneata, exilis, fuscipilis,
inornata, mastersi, pygmaea, rufipes, sericans,
tarsalis, tristis, verticordiae.
But the following species have forms belonging to more
than one division or group:— |
limbata. Div. 2, Group 1 (Subgroup 3) and Group 3.
mgrans. Div. 1 and Div. 2, Group 1 (Subgroup 3) and
Group 3.
pygidialis. Div. 2, Group 1, Subgroups 1 and 3.
The species not known to me appear to belong to the
following divisions, etc. : —
lemda. Div. 1.
mixta. Probably Div. 2, Group 1, Subgroup 1, but
possibly Div. 1.
ornata. Div. 2, Group 1.
parva. Div. 2, Group 3.
tomentosa. If not a Tomoxia would appear to belong
to Div. 2, Group 3.

MORDELLA AUSTRALIS (Boi.), Lea.

M. albosparsa, Gemm. (M. albosignata, Boh., n. pr.).
M. undosa, Macl.

Pl. xiv., figs. 55-59.

I have previously (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1895,
p. 288) described as australis, Boi., a species whose typical
specimens may be readily identified by an oblique vitta from
the vicinity of the scutellum, and the pattern given (in
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pl. i., fig 12) should prevent
typical specimens from being confused with any other species ;
_but specimens with this vitta wanting or ill-defined and the
other markings broken up are not readily distinguished from
small non-fasciate specimens of promiscua. This species was
so identified in the Macleay Museum (although the species
identified by Macleay from Gayndah was a form of elegans);
the species identified as australis by Olliff from Lord Howe
so identified in the Macleay Museum (although the species
identified as australis; the original description, “Minor, nigra,
thorace postica linea alba; elytris fascus tribus interrupts,
tenuissimis, albidis,” in fact, would apply to a great many
species of the genus. The description of albosignata, Boh.,

218

reads very well as if founded upon this species, and two
specimens of it were identified by Mr. Champion as albosparsa,
Gemm. (a substitute name for albosignata, Boh.). The type
of undosa (fig. 55) also belongs to this species. The species
was also doubtfully identified in Blackburn’s collection as
australis, and without a mark of doubt as albosparsa, but
some specimens were also standing in that collection as bella,
which most certainly they are not (although with extended
and obscured markings it is not always easy to distinguish
the two forms); it is, however, probable that the specimen,
commented upon by Waterhouse, on whose elytra “the spot
below the scutellum divides posteriorly,’ belongs to australis.

Unfortunately the species is a variable one; on many
specimens the markings are silvery-white, fairly large, and
exactly as in the quoted pattern; but on other specimens,
although the markings are as figured, the pubescence of which
they are composed differs so little in colour from that of the
adjacent parts that it is difficult to make them out. Thus a
specimen in the Macleay Museum has the pubescence of the
upper-surface apparently entirely dark, but on moving it
about in certain lights the typical markings of the species
may be traced. Not infrequently the apical mark on each
elytron is broken up into two, and it usually has a ragged
look.

Two specimens (from Healesville, in the National Museum)
apparently taken at the same time (they are mounted on one
card) agree so perfectly in general details that it would be
absurd to separate them, yet one (fig. 56) has the oblique
vitta much longer than usual, whilst from the other (fig. 57)
it is absent, but the humeral vitta is considerably prolonged.
Another specimen (fig. 58) (from Fern Tree Gully, in the
same Museum) has the subscutellar vitta and the apical spot
on each elytron both absent. Some specimens exhibit a
tendency to vary in the direction of sydneyana; this is
well exemplified by a specimen from Cairns (fig. 59).

MorDELLA BALDIENSIS, Blackb.
Var. waterhouser, Champ. (obliqua, Waterh., n. pr.).
Var. alboscutellata, Lea.
Var. zgnota, Lea.
Var. inconsmcua, Lea.

The specimens I have previously identified as baldiensis
belonged to the form recorded by Blackburn (ante, 1893,
p. 138) as from New South Wales, and which he suspected
might belong to a different species. I have now seen a co-
type and another authenticated specimen, and having about
150 specimens to judge from, am now convinced that tiey

219

belong to a rare variety of a common and very variable species,
several varieties of which have been named; but as baldiensis
was the first named the others must: rank as its varieties.

WatTERHOUSEI. On this form the elytral clothing is dark
outwardiy from an oblique line extending from each shoulder
to the suture near the apex, but the positions of the oblique
lines vary with the point of view, the clothing inwards of it
is more or less greyish (on some specimens golden-grey or
golden-brown), but from certain lights also appears black.

Baupiensis. The suture and an oblique line from each
shoulder towards the suture are clothed with paler (usually
somewhat golden) pubescence than on the rest of the elytra
(but from some directions these markings are not visible).

ALBOSCUTELLATA. Pale clothing of elytra confined to the
shoulders.

Ienota. Pale clothing of the elytra consists of scattered

whitish hairs, absent from an oblique line from each shoulder
to the suture near the apex (but the oblique lines not sharply
defined).
. The above four forms are moderately large (4-54 mm. to
tips of elytra), but they are exactly paralleled by smaller
specimens (25-4 mm.) that occur in much greater abundance.
They all have the four basal joints of the front tarsi of the
males about the width of the tip of the tibiae; in the female
they are distinctly narrower.

Inconspicua. Much like alboscutellata on a small scale.

A specimen (from Launching Place, in the National
Museum) has two oblique vittae from each shoulder, the
inner one less conspicuous than the outer. Several specimens
(from Stradbroke Island and Brisbane, in the Queensland
Museum) have the pale pubescence on the elytra triangularly
diminishing to near the suture about the middle, and then
continued along the suture for a short distance; but each
elytron has a distinct black spot near the base. On many
specimens the only pale clothing on the elytra is an obscure
patch on each shoulder, and even that occasionally vanishes.
Numerous other slight varietal forms might be described.

MoRDELLA BELLA, Waterh.

The form of this species with the basal half of the elytra
clothed with pale pubescence and abruptly limited behind
by a zigzag fascia is quite certainly distinct from promiscua ;
but the clothing varies till the only pale portions left are
marrowly-margining parts at the base and the median zigzag
fascia; specimens on which even these are broken up are
‘difficult to distinguish from spotted ones of promiscua; and
specimens on which the golden pubescence is considerably

220

extended are often strikingly close in general appearance to
limbata.
MoRDELLA BREVIS, Lea.

The remarkable shape of the median fascia of this species
renders typical specimens unmistakably distinct from all
others of the genus, but several specimens before me (except
in their much smaller size) indicate an approach to some forms
of promiscua.

MorDELLA CARA, Blackb.

Specimens with the typical markings of this species well
defined are easily distinguished from promiscua, but with the
markings more or less obliterated it is not always easy to
distinguish them from that species.

MorDELLA DUMBRELLI, Lea.

On some specimens of this species the posthumeral spot
on each elytron is occasionally split up into two, and on such
specimens the sizes of the other spots are generally much
reduced, and occasionally the medio-apical vitta of the pro-
notum is absent. The species occurs in Victoria and Queens-
land (to as far north as Cairns) as well as in New South
Wales, and the specimens from the northern parts are gener-
ally smaller (down to 6 mm. to the tips of the elytra) than
those from the southern parts. A specimen (from Ebor, New
South Wales, in the Queensland Museum) has the post-
humeral spot on each elytron divided and all the pronotal
markings narrowly connected together; a specimen sent with
it has similar elytral markings, but most of the pronotal spots
disconnected.

MoRDELLA ELEGANS, Waterh.
Var. festiva, Lea.
Pl. xiv., figs. 60-65.

A common and variable species that extends from South
Australia to Northern Queensland appears to be elegans. The
median markings of the elytra are usually in the form of a
zigzag fascia (usually rather loosely compacted), and are some-
times connected with the basal markings, but they are occa-
sionally split up into spots; the subapical spot on each elytron
varies considerably in size and shape, and is sometimes want-
ing: the basal markings also vary. The form named festiva
appears to be a variety. Waterhouse said that elegans was
relatively shorter and more robust than communis (pro-
miscua), and that the spots on the elytra were much larger ;
this is the case with many specimens of the species, but there
are many specimens before me that might belong either to’
the present species or to promiscua; some specimens also vary

221

in the direction of sydneyana, and others in the direction of
limbata. It was a form of elegans that Macleay identified
as australis from Gayndah ; but it differs from the species he
had in his own collection as australis (the species I described
as such) by the elytra having a basal mark running parallel
with the suture, instead of diverging from it.

MorDELLA ELONGATULA, Macl.

On the pronotum of this species there is usually a
round black spot towards each side as well as the median
vitta, and the latter is sometimes not at all interrupted at
its middle.

A specimen from Aru (H. Elgner) probably belongs to
this species; it has a wide median vitta and two large spots
on the pronotum; on the elytra the golden pubescence about
the base appears as rather fine lines enclosing five black spots,
the postmedian fascia is almost as distinct as on the typical
form, but the subapical one is reduced in size and composed
of silvery pubescence.

MorRDELLA FELIX, Waterh.
Pl. xiv., figs. 66-70; pl. xv., figs. 119-121.

The very different shape of the median fascia of this
species is sufficiently distinctive from promiscua, but. all the
_elytral markings tend to obliteration ; on the other hand, the
median fascia and basal markings are frequently connected,
so that it is not always easy to distinguish such specimens
from lambata. On many specimens there are two oblique
vittae from the base of each elytron, an obscurely-defined
humeral one, and a narrower, more sharply-defined one half-
way between the shoulder and the suture; the average size
is below the average of promiscua.

Mr. Dodd sent numerous specimens from Kuranda that
belong to the species, but their average size is distinctly less
than that of specimens from New South Wales; the pro-
thorax frequently has an iridescent gloss, and its paler
clothing (more or less golden) usually consists of a
narrow edging (fig. 119), frequently with, but often without,
two small discal spots, or the latter may be extended to join
in with a dilated apical border, and so to mark off the posi-
tions of three dark discal spots (fig. 120), although these are
never completely isolated, as they frequently are on specimens
(fig. 121) from New South Wales. The liability of the pro-
thoracic markings to vary in extent, however, is so great
in the family that reliance can seldom be placed upon them.
On most of the Kuranda specimens the elytra between the
base and the median fascia are more or less obscurely diluted

222

with red, and the dilution occasionally extends beyond the
fascia ; on some specimens there appears even to be an oblique
vitta from each shoulder, and on looking at the specimens
from behind these reddish parts appear quite conspicuous.
The pubescent markings of the elytra vary considerably in
extent, and from silvery to golden; on large specimens (fig.
66) close to the typical form there are usually two vittae
projecting backwards from the base, but these may be con-
nected together so as to enclose a dark spot; usually the
inner one is more sharply defined than the other, and occa-
sionally it is isolated; the basal markings on this form are
usually connected with the median fascia, and the latter is
more or less abruptly deflected to touch each side. On many
small specimens (fig. 67) the basal markings are widely ex-
tended arid obliquely connected with the median fascia, the
latter being conspicuously less angular (its outlines are
usually distinctly curved), and not connected with the margins
(some specimens of this form approach bella). On many
small specimens (fig. 68) the two basal vittae on each elytron
are distinct, but the median fascia is very feeble. The sub-
apical spot or fascia on each elytron also varies considerably
in size. The patterns so gradually change (Mr. Dodd sent
54 specimens) that it does not appear desirable to pick out
and number certain forms; but five patterns of the elytral
markings are given, and many more could have been added.

MorRDELLA GRAPHIPTERA, Champ.

Typical specimens of this species have very little in
common with hamatilis, but I have seen several specimens
that apparently on good grounds might be referred to either ;
and both are very variable in the markings of the prothorax
and elytra.

MorDELLA HAMATILIS, Macl.
Pl. xy:, fies. (1-77.

Of the two specimens standing above this name in the
Macleay Museum but one (fig. 71) agrees perfectly with the
description. The other (fig. 72) has the hook-shaped mark
on each elytron broken up into two spots of unequal size,
and the four postmedian spots semicircularly instead of
transversely arranged, the two subapical spots are also much
smaller than on the type; on the latter the black pubescence
has a purplish gloss, on the co-type it has a greenish gloss.

A specimen from Northern Queensland (fig. 73) differs
from the type in having the hook-shaped mark on each
shoulder solid-white, the spots immediately behind the
scutellum conjoined to form but one, the four postmedian
spots conjoined to form but. two, and the two subapical spots

223

considerably enlarged. Another specimen (fig. 74) has the
hook-shaped spot on each shoulder somewhat pear-shaped but
enclosing a small dark spot, and the outer ones of the post-
median spots considerably reduced in size. Both these have
the black pubescence with a purplish gloss, and the pygidium
less acute than on the type (this is probably a sexual differ-
ence). A smaller (23 mm., including the pygidium) specimen
(fig. 75) has the hook-shaped mark on the shoulder more
solid than on the type, but still a hook, the postscutellar
spots combined to form a rather small subquadrate one, the
postmedian spots combined to form an interrupted fascia, and
the subapical spots very considerably reduced in size. A speci-
men (fig. 76) from Wide Bay, in the Macleay Museum, has the
hook-shaped mark on the shoulder even better defined than
on the type, the postmedian spots combined to form an
irregular interrupted fascia, and the subapical spots as an
interrupted bisinuate fascia. A specimen (from Tamworth)
has all the markings considerably reduced in size, and the
hook-shaped mark on the shoulder small and very obscure ;
on the pattern (fig. 77) given it appears as a very conspicuous
mark, but its outlines, in fact, are traceable with difficulty.
This specimen has a distinct trend to some forms of graphip-
tera, and two specimens (from Jenolan) denote a still closer
approach to that species. On the other hand, a specimen of
graphiptera has vaguely-defined golden markings approaching
the pattern of the type of hamatilis. A specimen (from
Oodnadatta) in appearance is very close to fig. 75, except
that the postscutellar spot is much narrower, and that the
postmedian spot is more nearly broken up into two.

The prothoracic markings, as with most of the variable
species, are also subject to considerable variation. Macleay
thought the species was possibly a Tomoza, but the
scutellum dose not very abruptly cut into the elytra, and
the pygidium is somewhat acutely pointed in one sex, although
blunt in the other.

MoRDELLA, sp.
Pl xiv, fies 78.

A small (3 mm.) specimen from Cairns (EK. Allen) is
structurally so close to hamatilis that it is inadvisable to name
it without seeing more specimens. The black pubescence in
certain lights has a purplish gloss; on the pronotum the base
and apex are narrowly margined with white pubescence, and
there are two narrow and almost complete longitudinal vittae
(as on several specimens of hamatilis); on each elytron (fig.
78) the white spots are: a transverse semidouble posthumeral
one, and a transverse postmedian one almost conjoined with
its fellow on the other elytron.

224

MorDELLA LEUCOSTICTA, Germ.
Pie xiv, fioearo:

A specimen (from Sydney, in the Macleay Museum)
appears (to the naked eye) to have all the elytral markings
connected; on each elytron the curved basal spot has a
narrow line connecting it with the posthumeral spot, and the
latter is very close to “it but does not quite touch the median
spot; the median spot is irregularly continued to join in
with the subapical fascia; the suture narrowly dividing these
markings.

MoRDELLA LIMBATA, Waterh.

I have seen several specimens that might have been
referred to this species, to bella, or to promiscua, but the
typical form of the species is quite distinct from either of
the latter. Two specimens (from King George Sound, in the
Macleay Museum) have the elytra, except about the tips and
the sides near the tips, at first glance apparently uniformly
clothed with golden-brown pubescence; but on examining
them closely a paler median zigzaz fascia becomes visible,
and there is also a wide pale subapical spot; examining the
elytra from behind the whole pubescence appears blackish.

MorDELLA MULTIGUTTATA, Waterh.
Bl xavier 80.

A specimen (from Wide Bay, in the Australian Museum)
has the second and third elytral spots (counting from the
base) of ordinary specimens conjoined to form an oblique
vitta ; on the two elytra the markings form an irregular V,
but are lightly separated by the suture.

MoRDELLA NIGRANS, Macl.
Ph xiv fiesaGie2:

Two specimens on a card were standing above this name
with a type label in the Macleay Museum, but they belong
to two distinct species. They were both gummy, so that the
pubescence was partially obscured. Macleay described the
elytra as “without distinct mark, but showing in some lights
a very faint oblique longitudinal vitta’’; the only specimen
so marked on being soaked for some time in water and cleaned
with chloroform is seen to have a rather short white oblique
spot in the middle of each elytron (it completely disappears,
however, when the elytra are viewed from behind); the
suture also and the base of the pronotum are narrowly marked
with whitish pubescence, and there are white spots at the
sides of the abdomen ; the spurs of the hind tibiae are reddish
and unequal, the longer one being twice the length of the

225

shorter and more than half the length of the basal joint of
the tarsus. The apex of the abdomen is crushed inwards, but
the pygidium has a fairly acute tip. ;

The type (fig. 81) represents a rare variety (I have only
seen a second specimen of it) of a species sent in abundance
by Mr. F. P. Dodd from the Cairns district (and also taken
there by Mr. E. Allen and myself).

Var. 1. The most abundant form (but which must be
treated as a variety owing to rules of precedence) in a bright
light glows with the most brilliantly-metallic rainbow
tints, (24) transversely placed but altering with every point of
view; in a more subdued light it still has a conspicuous
greenish or bluish gloss, but some specimens, even in a poor
light, are brilliantly metallic. The suture and shoulders are
usually lightly clothed with somewhat golden pubescence.

Var. 2. Like Var. 1, but without metallic gloss.

Var. 3. With the brilliant rainbow tints of Var. 1, but
prothorax with a thin line of white pubescence from base
to apex on each side of middle; suture and a short oblique
stripe on each shoulder with pale pubescence. Many speci-
mens of this variety have the white lines on the pronotum
sharply defined, but on others they are scarcely traceable.

Var. 4. Pubescence mostly with a purplish or bluish
gloss, but each elytron (fig. 82) with four oblique feebly-
defined vittae of whitish pubescence, and some _ white
pubescence on the shoulder. A single specimen.

Var. 5. Like Var. 1, but with an oblique reddish vitta
on each shoulder. The vittae on one specimen are rather
faint, but on two others well defined and traceable (from
certain directions) to beyond the middle.

?

MorDELLA OBSOLETA, Lea.

The complete or almost complete absence of basal mark-
ings from the elytra of this species, and the conspicuous
zigzag fascia are sufficiently distinctive of typical specimens ;
but it is difficult to decide of some specimens as to whether
they belong to it, to bella, or to promiscua.

MorpDeEuia 18-macutaTa, Lea.
Pl. xiv., fig. 83.
A specimen from Cunnamulla (Queensland) is larger
(7 mm.) than usual, and with the basal spots on each elytron
combined to form but one (of semicircular shape and almost
conjoined with a sub-basal one). A specimen from Lucindale

(24) The type is also brilliantly metallic, but less so than the
specimens taken by Mr. Dodd (it was, however, taken nearly forty
years before them).

I

226

(South Australia) is slightly smaller than the types, and has
the elytral markings as on the Cunnamulla specimen, except
that they are on a reduced scale and less sharply defined.

MorDELLA 9-MACULATA, Lea.

Some specimens from the Dividing Range (Victoria) have
the markings of the upper-surface golden, and with two small
distinct spots in the middle of the pronotum. A specimen in
the National Museum is labelled (probably in error) as from
the Endeavour River.

MorDELLA OVALISTICTA, Macl.
Pl xiv, le 284 enol exis ati.

The type and only specimen I have seen of this species
in general appearance is very close to several others (/4-
maculata, S-maculata, and notabilis), but is distinguished
from them by the narrow subapical fascia of the pronotum
extending, without interruption in the middle, almost from
side to side, the two narrow vittae behind it are not quite
parallel to each other, and if extended would meet slightly
beyond the scutellum. Macleay described each elytron as
trimaculate, but he overlooked a small spot to the side of
and mid-way between the first and second.

MorRDELLA PROMISCUA, Er.

M. communis, Waterh.
Var. trivialis, Waterh.
Var. aemula, Lea.
Var. fugitiva, Lea.
Var. raymond, Lea. ~
Var. semillima, Lea.

Pl. xiv., figs. 85-90.

So many species vary in the direction of promiscua and
its varieties that, from examination of the upper-surface only
of many of their specimens, I believe it to be impossible to
state with certainty as to which of several species they helong
to. The variety trivialis is the most distinct of the species,
and one need seldom be in doubt about typical specimens of
that variety, but the other varieties and some species (aus-
tralis, bella, brevis, cara, elegans, felix, lumbata, obsoleta,
and sydneyana) so frequently have the spots or fasciae broken
up, that apparently connecting forms may be traced amongst
many species, that yet, by their typical forms, are seen to
be abundantly distinct, and which should not be regarded as
varieties of the species. I have previously given some patterns
of the species and its varieties (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,

227

1902, pls. i. and ii.; communis, figs. 1 and 2; uwemula,
fig. 10; fugitiva, fig. 16; raymondz, fig. 21; trivialis, fig. 22 ;
and simillima, fig. 32); but the markings on each elytron may
be considered as: A. A narrow sutural portion from near the
base continued round the base to the shoulder, and frequently
with an oblique extension from the shoulder. B. An oblique
_ subhumeral spot. C. A median zigzag fascia. D. A subapical
spot. But of these markings A may be connected with B, or
may be represented by a few disconnected spots; B may be
enlarged in size or disappear; C is frequently broken up into
disconnected spots, or all parts except a reversed V may
disappear, and its outlines are frequently blurred, occasionally
it is connected with A, it is seldom quite absent; D is of
variable size and shape, or may be wanting. Moreover,
many of the markings tend to disappear from certain points
of view, and they are always obscured or apparently wanting
on greasy specimens; a slight amount of abrasion also very
considerably alters the appearance of many specimens. The
markings on the pronotum are quite unreliable. On many
specimens from South Australia and New South Wales some
of the markings on the basal half of the elytra are conjoined
to form an ornamental T (fig. 85; the pattern, of course, shows
only the right half of the T). Some specimens of this form
decidedly approach some forms of /imbata. A specimen (from
King George Sound, in the Macleay Museum) perhaps repre-
sents an extreme variety of the species; it is the size of
trivialis, but with the elytral markings reduced to an obscure
subapical transverse spot, and a still more obscure (invisible
from most directions) and very small medio-sutural spot;
its general pubescence is of a dark rusty-brown.

Simillima is now first noted as a variety. of the species ;
there are numerous specimens in the Museum from Kangaroo
Island that quite easily connect it with promiscua, although
at the time it was described such specimens were not avail-
able, and the types appeared so distinct from communis
(promiscua) as to not even need comparison with that species.

I am quite satisfied that there are specimens of several
undescribed species before me that are allied to promiscua,
but they have been passed over as they were not represented
by sufficiently long series to render their typical forms clearly
definable.

MoRDELLA PULCHRA, Lea.

Two specimens from Brisbane (sent with two normal ones)
differ from the type in being smaller and with the basal half
of the derm of the elytra of a rusty-brown, but with a
somewhat golden appearance due to the pubescence ; the derm
between the median and subapical fasciae, and the apical

12

228

part, is of a darker brown than the base; the under-parts
are as on the type.

MorDELLA SUBVITTATA, Macl.

In general appearance the type (and only specimen I
have seen) of this species is much like weburdi on an enlarged
scale; but besides size, it differs from that species in being
narrower, with the pygidium more gradually tapering
to its tip.

MoRDELLA SYDNEYANA, Blackb.

Typical specimens of this species are readily distinguished
from typical ones of cara by the shape of the subapical spot
on each elytron; but specimens whose markings tend to
obliteration are not always easily distinguished from that
species, or from spotted specimens of promiscua; whilst some
are scarcely distinguishable from specimens of australis whose
oblique subscutellar vitta is vaguely defined.

Var. CAIRNSENSIS, n. var.

Numerous specimens from Cairns (F. P. Dodd) differ
from the typical form in being smaller (34 mm.), and with
the pale clothing of the metasternum confined to the sides
and intercoxal portion.

MoRDELLA TRISTIS, Lea.

On the male of this species the front tarsi are conspicu-
ously dilated, being wider than the tibiae, the two basal
joints are distinctly longer than wide, the third is slightly
longer than wide, and the fourth is as long as wide (on some
specimens it appears to be feebly transverse) ; the only species
with larger tarsi that I have critically examined is tarsalis.
The head (especially in the male) is of a more or less brilliant
bluish-green, altering with every point of view. The species
is common in Tasmania, and occurs at Jenolan, as well as
on Mount Kosciusko, in New South Wales.

MorpELua V-AUREA, Lea.

A specimen from the Capel River (Western Australia)
agrees perfectly with the type, except that the subapical
markings of the elytra are conjoined to form a bisinuate
fascia.

MORDELLA VERTICORDAE, Lea. ,

On typical specimens of this species the elytral pubes-
cence, although paler on the suture than on the sides, is not
sharply defined there, the colour gradually changing; on
the abdominal segments also there are no conspicuous dark

229

spots at the sides, although in some lights the tips of the
segments appear to be darker than the other parts. A
specimen (from the Blackburn collection) differs from the
types in being somewhat larger (7 mm. to tips of elytra) and
uniformly clothed all over with ashen-white pubescence, quite
as pale on the sides of the elytra as on the suture.

Var. NIVEOSUTURALIS, n. var.

There are before me 33 specimens from Western Aus-
tralia (Capel River, Mount Barker, and Beverley) that differ
from the typical form in having the suture narrowly and
conspicuously snowy-white, in strong contrast to the rest of
the clothing (the sides at the base where they are concealed
from above have pale clothing, but not so white as on the
suture, and on the typical form the clothing there is also
paler than on the disc), and each of the abdominal segments
has a conspicuous dark spot on each side.

The specimen formerly recorded as verticordiae from
Mount Barker belongs to this variety; of the typical form
I have seen specimens only from Mogumber and Mullewa.
The two forms are quite sharply defined and distinct, but as
they agree so closely in structure, especially as to the
conspicuously-notched pygidium, it does not appear desirable
to treat the present form as more than a variety.

MorpeEtia V-FAsciaTA, Lea.

A specimen from Benalla has the black pubescence of
the elytra with a distinct greenish gloss in certain lights; the
infuscate spot on the disc of the pronotum scarcely traceable,
but the one on the head distinct. A specimen from Cairns
-agrees well with the variety modesta, except that there is an
obscure spot of stramineous pubescence near the apex of
each elytron. :

MoRDELLA CONSPECTA, Nn. Sp.
Pl. xv., fig. 123.

Black, in places conspicuously iridescent; antennae and
palpi obscurely reddish. With short pubescence, whitish on
head, scutellum, mesosternum, and legs, whitish but not
evenly distributed on metasternum and abdomen, and varie-
gated on pronotum and elytra.

Rather narrow. Scutellum with sides oblique and tip
rounded. Pygidium elongate, ridged along middle, tip trun-
cate. Antennae elongate, none of the joints transverse.
Longer spur of hind tibiae almost twice the length of the
other. Length,(%) 9-133 mm.

(25) The lengths are in each case inclusive of the pygidium.

230

Hab.—Queensland: Bloomfield River (C. French),
Endeavour River (Macleay Museum), Cairns (C. J. Wild, in
Queensland Museum), Mackay (R. E. Turner, in National
Museum). f

With the general outlines of elongatula, but markings
very different, and pygidium truncated instead of acutely
pointed. On two small specimens (both males) the front legs
are partly reddish. The head, and to a less extent the pro-
notum, has a conspicuous bluish iridescence; the elytra are
also sometimes iridescent; the under-parts, especially the
metasternum and abdomen, are brilliantly iridescent, the
prevailing colour being purplish. Each abdominal segment
appears to have a dark spot on each side, but this is due
mostly, or entirely, to the partial absence of pubescence.
On the pronotum the dark pubescence forms a rather wide
median vitta and a large spot on each side, but the silvery
pubescence defining the spots is more conspicuous on some
specimens than on others. On the elytra the black pubescence
usually has a purplish or bluish gloss, the paler markings
on four specimens consist of a postmedian fascia of
stramineous pubescence not quite touching the sides; between
the fascia and the base some irregularly-distributed pubes-
cence is loosely compacted to form a subtriangular space, or
to form two very irregular fasciae; on two other specimens
the postmedian fascia is very feeble and ill-defined, and the
pale pubescence towards the base is much sparser, although
loosely compacted; the pygidium has silvery pubescence at
the base and on the sides to beyond the middle

MorDELLA CHRYSOPHORA, DN. sp.
BL xy...) fig. (OSG yl xem ae ep a:

Black; spurs to hind tibiae reddish at tips. Pubescence
black, variegated with numerous golden spots.

Moderately robust. Pygidium long and acutely pointed.
Spurs to hind tibiae of equal length. Length, 11 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (R. J. Tillyard).
Type (unique), in Queensland Museum.

The disposition of the elytral spots is somewhat like that
of 14-maculata, notabilis, and multiguttata, although not
exactly the same, but the prothoracic markings are very
different to those of the two first-named species, and less in
number than those of the third. On the head the pubescence
is somewhat golden in front, but is conspicuously golden on
a transverse spot at each side of the base; on the sides and
apex of the pronotum there are a few golden hairs. but there
are eight conspicuous spots, of which four form a series across
the apical third, and four form a semicircular series, of which

231

the outer spots are basal and larger than the others; on each
elytron the spots are as follows: one at side of scutellum, a
submedian one close to suture, a subapical one close to suture
(these three in a line), one equi-distant between the latero-
basal spot of pronotum and the submedian spot, one on the
side just above the junction of the mesosternum and meta-
sternum (between this spot and the submedian one there are
a few golden hairs, but scarcely compacted to form a distinct
spot), and a small one near the side slightly posterior to the
subapical spot. On each abdominal segment there are four
spots, of which the two median ones are conjoined.

MoRDELLA VITTICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
fel mive mon 94s ple xy. ; fie. I25:

Black. With white pubescence on front of head and
margining base; irregularly margining pronotum, forming a
zigzag fascia across apical third but interrupted in middle,
forming two small oblique submedian spots; forming seven
spots on each elytron and numerous spots on under-surface.

Moderately robust. Pygidium long and acute. Antennae
with fifth to tenth joints transverse. Spurs to hind tibiae of
equal length. Length, 10 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Byron Bay (C. Watson,
unique). |

Close to notabilis, but with subhumeral spots more
numerous and an extra spot near apex of elytra; the pro-
thoracic markings are very different, being (except for two
disconnected spots) almost exactly as those of 8-maculata.
Also close to ovalisticta, but with more numerous elytral
spots, and transverse submedian fascia of pronotum inter-
rupted. On each elytron the spots are as follows: one close
to scutellum, one rather close to the first in an oblique
direction, a very small one in line with these two, this very
small one the median one of three, of which one is on the
side above the junction of the mesosternum and metasternum,
and the other is close to the suture before the middle, a spot
near the suture at the apical fourth, and a small spot behind
it near the side. On both of the hind tibiae of the type one
of the spurs is obscurely reddish, and the other is almost
black.

MoRDELLA PYGIDIALIS, n. sp.
Piesiy., fios. 95,.96; pl. xv, few 126;

Black ; front legs and base of antennae obscurely reddish.
With white pubescence fairly dense on head and forming
numerous conspicuous spots on upper- and under-surfaces.

Not very robust. Scutellum with sides oblique and tip
truncated. Pygidium long and acute. Antennae with fifth

232

to tenth joints strongly serrated. Spurs to hind tibiae
subequal. Length, 6-84 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton; New South Wales:
Illawarra, Sydney (Macleay Museum), Dorrigo (H. J. Carter).
Type, I. 6003.

At first glance apparently close to 9-maculata, but with
a conspicuous spot on each side of scutellum, and the pro-
thoracic markings very different; the latter are the same in
number and disposition to those of multiguttata, but the
elytral ones are very different to those of that species. Of
this species all the specimens (except to a certain extent in
size) agree in the prothoracic markings, but I have regarded
as the typical form that one of which there are five specimens
from four localities before me; on this form on the pronotum
there are five sublongitudinal spots in front, either free or
connected with the apex, and varying somewhat according
to the individual, there are four spots at the base and two
submedian ones; on each elytron (excluding a narrow and
feeble latero-basal spot, quite concealed from above) there
are five spots, of which four are not quite in a straight line,
one is basal, one half-way between it and a submedian spot,
and one at the apical fourth, the fifth spot is near the side
in a transverse line with the second spot, and not posterior to
the hind end of that spot.

Var. 1. On a specimen (fig. 96) from Illawarra (in the
Macleay Museum) the hind end of the posthumeral spot is
distinctly posterior to the second spot, and the spot on each
side of the scutellum is broken up into two small ones. It
is also of rather small size.

Var. 2. On two specimens from Lord Howe Island (6) (in
the Australian and Macleay Museums) the posthumeral spot is
almost entirely posterior to the second spot ; the pygidium also,
although long and thin, is truncated at its tip, instead of
running out to an acute point.

MORDELLA AURONOTATA, IL. sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 97, 127-131.
Black; palpi, parts of front legs, and base of antennae
obscurely reddish. With golden pubescence on head, and
forming numerous conspicuous spots elsewhere.

Rather compact. Scutellum transverse, sides oblique,
apex widely truncated. Pygidium elongate but with the tip

(26) When on the island recently I saw a fairly large spotted
specimen on maize flowers that probably belonged to this variety,
but it escaped capture.

233

_ truncated. Antennae with fifth-tenth joints moderately wide
_ but not transverse. Spurs to hind tibiae of uneven lengths.
Length, 4-64 mm.

Hab.—Queensiand: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 5893.

A beautifully-marked species, in some respects approach-
ing Jomoaia, and sent in abundance by Mr. Dodd. On some
specimens the head is conspicuously iridescent, and the
iridescence extends to the pronotum, although less noticeable
there; on some specimens also the under-parts have a bluish
iridescence. On the pronotum there are usually (fig. 127) six
spots forming an irregular transverse series, but some of
these are occasionally (fig. 128) conjoined with the golden
front margin, on each side of the base there is a large semi-
circular spot; on the elytra there is a spot common to both
immediately behind the scutellum, and on each three large
round equidistant ones; there is also a small latero-basal spot,
but it is quite concealed from above; the mesosternum is
clothed with golden pubescence almost throughout, but the
largest isolated spot on each side of the under-surface is one
(fig. 130) common to the metasternum and abdomen.

Var. 1. On seven specimens from Cairns (F. P. Dodd),
two from Mackay (R. E. Turner), one from Byron Bay (H. J.
Carter), and one from Lord Howe Island (in the Australian
Museum), the markings are more or less silvery, and on the
head the pubescence is greyish; on the pronotum the basal
markings are reduced in size, the apex and sides near apex
have rather straggling, whitish pubescence, and the spots
forming the transverse series are reduced in number to four
(fig. 129) or two; on the elytra there is no latero-basal spot,
and on the under-surface there (fig. 131) is an uninterrupted
line of pubescence from the front of the mesosternum to the
back of the metasternum, on the latter appearing semicircular.

The specimen in the Australian Museum from Lord
Howe Island belonging to this variety was labelled by Olliff
as M. australis, Boisd., but it can scarcely be that species,

whose elytral markings were described as ‘‘fascws tribus
anterruptis, tenuissimis, allidis’’; the spots on the elytra are
quite distinctly rounded spots and not interrupted fasciae ;
quite certainly it is not even close to the species I have pre-
viously described as australis, and which (as it has also been
recognized by Macleay and Blackburn as such, and is a very
distinct species with distinctive markings) I think should be
regarded as that species until proved to the contrary. I also
took a specimen on the island with the markings disposed as
on the variety, but golden instead of silvery.

234

MoRDELLA IRIDEA, N. Sp.
PE xv., fies. 985 1a2; “

Black; base of antennae and spurs of hind tibiae very
obscurely diluted with red. White pubescence margining base
of pronotum, on scutellum, forming three distinct spots on
each elytron, and spots on under-surface.

Rather compact. Scutellum small, sides strongly rounded.
Pygidium elongate, its tip truncated. Antennae with fifth-
tenth joints rather wide and strongly serrated. Spurs to hind
tibiae of considerably different lengths. Length, 37-5 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 6002.

In genera] appearance close to the variety of the pre-
ceding species, but the scutellum of different shape, without
a spot on the elytra immediately behind it, and the pubescence
of the metasternum (fig. 132) different. In some lights the
head and pronotum are brilliantly iridescent, and the elytra
and under parts have a bluish iridescence. The submedian
spot on each elytron is slightly nearer the subapical than the
sub-basal one, between it and the sub-basal one, but slightly
to the side, there are a few silvery hairs, but scarcely condensed
to form a spot, although present on both sides of the three
specimens under examination ; on each side of the metasternum
there is a spot quite disconnected with the white markings
of the mesosternum and abdomen; on the latter there is a
white spot on each side of each segment, but not in the
middle.

MoRDELLA METASTERNALIS, 0. sp.

Plivxy7 ncaoo:

Black; some specimens with base of antennae very
obscurely diluted with red. Head with silvery-grey or silvery -
pubescence continued on to front of pronotum and usually
forming two feeble oblique median spots; distinct silvery
pubescence margining base of pronotum, on scutellum, and
forming spots on elytra and on under-surface.

Compact. Scutellum subtriangular, apex rounded.
Pygidium elongate, the tip rather blunt. Antennae with
fifth to tenth joints moderately wide. Spurs to hind tibiae
slightly unequal. Length, 44-5 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
eyelash

In some respects close to obsoleta, but elytra with the
median fascia on all the (eleven) specimens in the Museum
broken up into disconnected spots, and the sides of the meta-
sternum without white pubescence. On most of them the
head and pronotum are brilliantly iridescent. The two median

235

spots on the pronotum are narrow and distinct on some speci- -
mens, but scarcely (if at all) traceable on others; the elytra
are without basal markings, although the white scutellum
gives them a maculate appearance there; the spots across the
middle of each elytron are three in number, and have the
appearance as of parts of a zigzag fascia, there is a large
subapical spot that, with its fellow on the other'elytron, gives
the appearance of an interrupted fascia; the flanks of the
mesosternum are clothed with conspicuous whitish pubescence,
and there are distinct spots on the middle and sides of the
abdominal segments.

MoRDELLA ALPHABETICA, N. sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 100-102.

Black ; front legs and base of antennae usually obscurely
reddish. With silvery-grey pubescence on head and _ pro-
notum, but on the latter leaving a large median and a smaller
black spot on each side, on elytra, on suture to a fascia at
apical third, and forming markings about shoulders, and on
under-surface, but with transverse dark spots on abdomen.

Short and compact. Scutellum semicircular. Pygidium
short, its tip truncated. Antennae not very conspicuously
serrated, and none of the joints transverse. Spurs to hind
tibiae very unequal, the longer about twice the length of the
shorter. Length, 24-3 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
T. 5897.

A minute species. On most of the specimens before me the
narrow sutural marking combines with the fascia to form a
very conspicuous reversed T, the pale pubescence is sometimes
continued along the base to join in with the humeral mark-
ings, the latter sometimes appear as oblique disconnected
(except at base) vittae, and sometimes almost like a hook
(much as on hamatilis), although the other markings are very
different to those of that species; on many specimens,
however, the sutural markings are broken up and discon-
nected with the fascia; the three dark spots on the pronotum
are usually, but not always, conspicuous.

MORDELLA NORFOLCENSIS, n. sp. (or var. of hamatilis ).
Pl. xv., figs. 103-105:

Black ; palpi and parts of antennae and of four front legs
obscurely reddish. With whitish or dingy stramineous
pubescence on head, margining base, apex, and sides of
pronotum, forming obscure spots on under-surface and distinct
but variable markings on elytra.

236

Very short and compact. Scutellum transverse and
widely rounded. Pygidium moderately long, its tip rather
acute. Antennae rather thin. Spurs to hind tibiae very
unequal, the longer fully twice the length of the shorter.
Length, 33-43 mm.

Hab.—WNorfolk Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 5903.

Five specimens were taken from the flowers of an intro-
duced tree. Of these three have the markings sharply defined
but all different: on the type they are darker than on the
others and on each elytron consist of a suboval spot immedi-
ately behind the scutellum, two oblique disconnected vittae
on the shoulder, an irregular postmedian fascia, and a
strongly-curved subapical one; this specimen (fig. 103) in
many respects approaches a specimen (fig. 76) of hamatilis
from Wide Bay, and it is possible that the Norfolk Island
specimens should be regarded as forms of that widely-
distributed and extremely-variable species. On the second
specimen (fig. 104) the humeral markings consist of a fairly
large spot connected with the base, and a conspicuous discon-
nected V, and the postmedian fascia is broken up into four
very unequal spots on each elytron. On the third specimen
(fig. 105) the humeral markings are as on the type, but
the postmedian fascia appears as two widely-separated spots
on each elytron; the subscutellar spots and subapical fascia,
however, are very similar on all three. On the pronotum
the black discal portion is in one piece; but the margining
parts indicate remnants of the three dark spots of so many
species of the genus. The other two specimens at first glance
appear to have the pubescence entirely dark, but on turning
them about in various directions vague (or submerged)
markings become evident, and are seen to consist on each
elytron of a post-scutellar spot, humeral markings, a sub-
apical fascia, and remnants of a postmedian one.

MORDELLA NOTATIPENNIS, 0. sp.
PY. -xve, fig lo:

Black; parts of antennae and of front legs and spurs to
hind tibiae obscurely reddish. With silvery pubescence on
head and scutellum, margining base, apex, and sides of
pronotum, forming distinct spots on elytra, and rather obscure
ones on under-surface.

Short and compact. Scutellum transverse, the apex
widely rounded. Pygidium rather long and very acute.
Antennae and tibial spurs much as in preceding species.
Length, 4 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 5894.

237

In some respects approaching some varieties of hamatils,
but with pygidium acutely pointed. At first glance it appears
close to 18-maculata, but the elytral markings are essentially
different and the prothoracic markings are similar to those:
of the smaller species. There are six disconnected spots in
two series on each elytron: the first series close to the suture,
the spots equi-distant from each other, and the first at the.
basal fourth; the spots of the second series are also equi-
distant from each other, but the first is on the shoulder at
the base.

MORDELLA ADIPATA, Nn. sp.
Pl. xv., fig. 107,

Black; palpi, base of antennae, ana spurs to hind tibiae
more or less reddish. Head, pronotum, and under-surface
with black pubescence, more or less obscurely variegated with
greyish or whitish; elytra with black pubescence having a
distinct greenish gloss, and with distinct white spots.

Short and compact. Scutellum semicircular. Pygidium
long but somewhat obtusely tipped. Antennae and spurs to
hind tibiae as in two preceding species. Length, 5 mm.

Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type (unique), I. 5885.

In some respects approaching some of the varieties of
hamatilis, but pygidium much longer and the outer of the
two postmedian spots considerably anterior to the inner one.
On each elytron there are three small white spots close to
the suture: one at the basal fourth, one at the apical third,
and one close to the apex; on the shoulder there is a some-
what hook-shaped (or irregular V) mark, and there is a small
postmedian spot towards the side.

MORDELLA CALOPASA, Ni. sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 108-110.

Black; four front legs (tarsi infuscated or not), antennae
(apical half infuscated), and spurs to hind tibiae obscurely
reddish. Densely and uniformly clothed with golden pubes-
cence on head, prothorax, scutellum, and sterna, and with
conspicuous markings on elytra and abdomen. |

Moderately elongate. Scutellum subtriangular but with
apex rounded. Pygidium long but somewhat obtusely tipped.
Antennae with fifth to tenth joints moderately wide. Spurs
to hind tibiae unequal, the longer about one-third more than
the other. Length, 6-64 mm.

: Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
. 5892. |

238

A very beautiful species. Of thirteen specimens sent by
Mr. Dodd the markings of ten (except about the shoulders)
are almost identical and on each elytron consist of a large
basal spot (sometimes continued across the shoulder to the
side, but occasionally isolated from the side, which then has
one or two vittae), a smaller (but still fairly large) median
spot, and a large subapical spot (sometimes touching both
side and suture), on the side there is a small and very variable
spot above the middle of the metasternum; on the abdomen
there is a large irregular dark spot on each side of each
segment, but elsewhere its clothing is golden. On another
specimen (fig. 109) the markings are as described, except
that on the dark parts there are numerous scattered golden
hairs; on two others the golden markings on the elytra are
all combined, but leave an irregular dark fascia behind the
basal spots; on looking at these specimens from certain
directions the normal spots are traceable by their denser
clothing than on the adjacent parts.

A specimen (fig. 110) from Bulli (Blackburn’s collec-
tion, from T. G. Sloane) apparently belongs to the species,
but has the pale pubescence silvery instead of golden, and
on each elytron the following markings: an oval disconnected
spot near the base, an elongate patch from near the middle
to near the apex, with a lateral extension, and a slight
basal margin. :

MORDELLA QUADRIMACULATA, N. Sp.
Pl. xy 5 fie ee

Black; parts of antennae and of legs and two spots on
each elytron obscurely reddish. Pubescence greyish, or black
with a bluish gloss, except on the elytral spots, where it is
more or less silvery.

Moderately elongate. Scutellum briefly subtriangular.
Pygidium ‘rather long and acute. Antennae with fifth to
tenth joints not very wide but distinctly serrated. Spurs to
hind tibiae very unequal, the longer fully twice the length of
the other. Length, 24-31 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales. Type in Macleay Museum;
co-type, I. 6004, in South Austrahan Museum.

. A small species allied to distiencta and wiburdi, from the
former distinguished by the four-spotted elytra with the
subhumeral spot not commencing at the actual base; from the
latter by the complete isolation of the spots. In some respects
it resembles the four-spotted variety of hwmeralis, but the
size is consistently smaller, and the form is distinctly
narrower. The elytral spots are of moderate size, the sub-
basal one being larger than the other ; it is somewhat obliquely

239

placed on the shoulder, but touches neither the base nor side ;
the other is transversely placed slightly beyond the middle ;
both are rendered more conspicuous by their clothing than
they otherwise would be. There are six specimens before me
agreeing well in colour, a seventh is without the postmedian
spots.
MoRDELLA OBLIQUIRUFA, N. Sp.
Phxv., fe. 12:

Black; parts of front legs, base of antennae, and spurs
of hind tibiae obscurely reddish, a conspicuous reddish vitta
from the shoulder to about the middle of each elytron.

Rather wide and compact. Scutellum small and semi-
circular. Pygidium rather long and acutely pointed.
Antennae with fifth to tenth joints rather wide. Spurs to
hind tibiae slightly unequal. Length, 44 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Bulli (Blackburn’s collec-
tion, from T. G. Sloane). Type (unique), I. 5887.

Considerably wider in proportion than subvittata,
pygidium shorter and more acutely pointed, and the head
from certain directions appearing to be of a conspicuous blue
or greenish-blue; the pronotum, and to a less extent the other
parts, have also a bluish iridescence. It is much wider and
larger than wiburdi. The pubescence is mostly blackish, but
is more or less silvery on the muzzle, extreme base of pro-
notum, scutellum, suture, and elytral vittae, and on parts
of abdomen.

MORDELLA CALOPTERA, 0. sp.
PY xvi; figs. 113-915.

Flavous ; three (or two) elytral fasciae, mesosternum, tips
of hind tibiae, and of three basal joints of hind tarsi black,
or blackish; antennae more or less infuscated. Pubescence
more or less golden on the pale parts, blackish on the other.

Rather short and compact. Scutellum small and semi-
circular. Pygidium rather long and acute. Antennae rather
thin, but fift to tenth joints strongly serrated. Spurs to
hind tibiae véry unequal, the longer about twice the length
of the other. Length, 23-3 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 5896.

Allied to caroli4, but more robust, mesosternum (and
sometimes the metasternum) dark, and elytra with fasciae
wider and usually with most of the base dark. On the elytra
of all the (eight) specimens sent by Mr. Dodd there is a wide
median fascia, its margins somewhat undulated, but extend-
ing from side to side; there is also always another fascia, but
this may or may not extend quite to the apex; about the
base there may be a fairly wide fascia (which does not quite

240

extend to the sides), or it may be represented by a semi-
circular spot, or even by a narrow spot immediately behind
the scutellum; the metasternum may be as dark as the
mesosternum, but is usually pale; the abdomen is sometimes
infuscated ; the pygidium may be partly or entirely infuscated,
or entirely pale. On the middle of the pronotum there are
three very ill-defined dark spots (from some directions having
a vague bluish iridescence) that are more distinct from the
sides than from above.

MORDELLA CALODEMA, N. sp.
Pl. xv., fig. 116.

Flavous; some parts black or infuscated. Pubescence
more or less golden on the pale parts, dark elsewhere.

Moderately elongate. Scutellum small and semi-circular.
Pygidium moderately long and somewhat obtusely pointed.
Antennae and spurs to hind tibiae much as in preceding
species. Length, 3-32 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (H. J. Carter), Blue
Mountains (Dr. E. W. Furguson). Type, I. 6005.

The type is mostly flavous ; its elytra have a large blackish
spot at the base, subtriangularly continued along the suture,
across the middle there is a very irregular dark fascia,
appearing somewhat like an elongate spot on each elytron
irregularly conjoined at the suture, and the apical fourth is
also dark; between the dark markings the pubescence is con-
spicuously golden, that between the basal mark and median
fascia appearing somewhat V-shaped, that behind the median
fascia being straight on its hind edge, but produced into
four points in front (hence causing the fascia to appear
trilobed); the mesosternum and metasternum are deeply
infuscated; the hind femora, parts of abdomen and of
pygidium less, and the antennae scarcely infuscated ; the hind
tibiae and three basal joints of the hind tarsi are tipped with
black. The specimen from the Blue Mountains has the elytral
pubescence exactly as on the type, but the \ sal mark is
united along the suture with the median fascia, and this is
continued as a solid black patch to the apex, although
relieved by the pale pubescence; its abdomen also is almost
as dark as the sterna.

MoRDELLA BLANDA, 0. sp.
BL. xy need
Flavous and black (or infuscated). Pubescence partly
golden and partly black.
Rather short and compact. Scutellum small and semi-

circular. Pygidium moderately long and acute. Length,
3-34 mm.

241

Hab.—Queensland: Wide Bay. Type, in Macleay
Museum ; co-type, I. 6006, in South Australian Museum.

There are four specimens before me, and the strikingly
distinctive disposition of their pubescence renders it certain
that they belong to but one species, despite the variation in
colour. Two specimens (regarded as of the typical form)
have the upper-surface black, except for a large basal portion
of the elytra (infuscated, however, on each side of the suture)
narrowly continued along the suture to the apex, and a curved
fascia from each side obliquely joining in with the sutural
portion; these parts are clothed with golden pubescence, on
the basal half somewhat resembling a V (the pubescence
here being much as on the preceding species); on its apical
portion the middle half of the pubescence also resembles a
V, but the tops of the V are abruptly deflected to the sides
(the pubescence here being very different in disposition to
that on the preceding species). From some directions the
elytra appear to have a trilobed basal black or infuscate mark
(common to both), and each with a large suboblong median
blotch and a smaller subapical one, parts of the sterna are
infuscated, but the rest of the under-surface and the append-
ages (except that the hind tibiae and three basal joints of
hind tarsi are tipped with black) are flavous. In general
appearance these specimens, at first glance, are apparently
close to humeralis, but the abdomen and pygidium are
different and the elytral markings are really very different.
The other two specimens have the head and prothorax entirely
flavous, and the only conspicuously dark parts of the elytra
are two apical elliptic spots; the other markings of the typical
form are vaguely indicated, but the golden pubescence is
exactly the same. The appendages of all the specimens are
somewhat clogged with gum, which I was unable to entirely
remove, but they are apparently much as on the preceding
species.

MORDELLA SERICANS, 0. sp.

Black ; parts of front legs and base of antennae obscurely
reddish. Densely clothed with uniformly sericeous greyish
pubescence, on some specimens with a purplish gloss on sides
of elytra.

Moderately elongate. Scutellum small and semicircular.
Pygidium short and conspicuously truncated. Antennae
rather short, fifth to tenth joints obtusely subtriangular.
Spurs to hind tibiae unequal. Length, 5-74 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Tintinara, Ardrossan (J. G. O.
Tepper), Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 5880.

A moderately large species with uniform pubescence even
on the abdomen, but on elytra sometimes darker on the sides,

242

although in some lights it is even pale there. In general
appearance like very large specimens of eats, but the
antennae distinctly shorter and wider, the elytral pubescence
(on some specimens, but not on all) darker at the sides
instead of uniform throughout, and with a curious silken
lustre that is quite absent from that species. From baldi-
ensis, and all its varieties, it is distinguished by its narrower
form, shorter and more obtuse pygidium, paler pubescence,
and uniformly clothed abdomen. A few of the specimens
have the tips of the abdominal segments diluted with red,
and one has the abdomen almost entirely red. On all of
them there are faint ridges on the hind tibiae, although they
are much more numerous and much less distinct than in
Mordellistena, and are confined to the edge. The pygidium
is short and truncated, but as the scutellum does not angularly
cut into the elytra the species has been referred to Mordella,
rather than to T'omozia.

MORDELLA TARSALIS, Nn. sp.
Plo i xva, figst tsa)

3. Black; mandibles and palpi in parts, base of
antennae, front legs, and middle femora. more or less reddish.
Densely clothed with uniform silken-grey pubescence.

Rather narrower and more parallel-sided than usual.
Scutellum small. Pygidium not very long, somewhat obtusely
pointed. Front tibiae stout and fringed with long hairs;
front tarsi also fringed, the joints unusually large, wide, and
lop-sided ; spurs to hind tibiae unequal. Length, 44-5 mm.

@. Differs in having shorter and thinner front legs,
and simple tarsi.

Hab.—Western Australia: Lake Austin (H. W. Brown).
Type, I. 5864.

It may, later on, be considered advisable to refer this
species to a new genus on account of the remarkable front
tibiae and tarsi of the male; but without knowing more about
exotic members of the family it does not appear desirable for
me to do this; the basal joint of the front tarsi is almost as
large as an eye, almost as wide as long, and with a greater
portion to the outer than to the inner side, the second to
the fourth joints are subtriangular and regularly decrease in
size, the fifth is suboval. The pygidium at first glance appears
to be deeply and narrowly notched, so that the apex resembles
two narrow spikes, but this is really due to a narrow strip
of whitish pubescence. The scutellum on most of the speci-
mens before me is covered up by the basal lobe of the pro-
notum. The female in general appearance is very close to
the typical form. of eas, but differs in being slightly

243

narrower and in the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum of
not quite the same shape, etc.

MORDELLA CORVINA, 0. sp.

Black; base of antennae and spurs to hind tibiae very
obscurely diluted with red.

Short and compact. Scutellum transverse, but apex
widely rounded and sides not angularly cutting into the
elytra. Pygidium moderately long, apex rather acutely
pointed. Antennae with fifth to tenth joints moderately
wide. Spurs to hind tibiae very unequal, the longer about
twice the length of the other. Length, 34-4 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type, I. 5927.

A compact species, in general appearance strikingly close
to small specimens of Tomoxia aterrima, but scutellum with
the hind angles rounded off and the pygidium longer and
acutely pointed. From M/. tristes it differs in being wider,
medio-basal lobe of pronotum truncate instead of rounded,
and in the pubescence. In some lights the entire clothing
appears to be of a dead-black, but in others it appears to be
a rusty-brown, and in still others to have a distinct and
beautiful purplish gloss; the abdomen is without sharply-
defined markings, but in some lights the sides and bases of
the segments are seen to have pubescence somewhat paler
than on the other parts.

TOMOXIA ATERRIMA, Macl.

The average length of this species is about 6 mm., but
it varies from 3 to 8 mm. Although both the derm and
pubescence of the upper-surface are of the deepest black,
specimens in perfect condition have a satiny lustre. On some
specimens the pubescence of the upper-surface has an evanes-
cent greenish gloss, either over the whole of the surface, or
confined to the lateral and sutural portions of the elytra.

Tomoxia apicata, Lea (formerly Mordella).

This species is a Tomoaia, as the scutellum has the hind
angles almost rectangular and conspicuously cutting into the
base of the elytra; the pygidium, although long, is truncate
at the tip. It appears to be allied to flavicans, but differs
from the description of that species in having the elytral
pubescence uniform to near the tip, instead of with “a
transverse band across the middle’’ as well as the apical dark
part. It occurs on the northern coastal rivers of New South
Wales as well as in Southern Queensland.

244

TOMOXIA MELASOMA, 0D. sp.

Black, in some lights with a vague bluish iridescence.
Upper-surface with white hairs scattered singly; base of
pygidium, sides of mesosternum, and sides and middle of basal
segment of abdomen with white pubescence.

Short and compact. Scutellum transverse, sides some-
what oblique but angularly cutting into elytra. Pygidium
moderately long, but tip obtuse, although not truncated.
Spurs to hind tibiae unequal. Length, 53-6 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (E. Allen).

As the scutellum quite conspicuously cuts into the bases
of the elytra the species has been referred to Tomozia,
although the pygidium is not abruptly truncated, a character
which readily distinguishes it from aterrima, of which at
first it appears to be a variety; the two specimens regarded
as typical have numerous white hairs scattered singly on the
upper-surface, but denser on the head than elsewhere, and
their speckled appearance is somewhat suggestive of Mordella
ignota, but the white hairs are snowy-white, and the scutel-
lum is larger and conspicuously cuts into the elytra. The pale
spot on each side of the base of the abdomen is very distinct,
but there is also a feeble spot on each side of the other
segments.

A specimen of this species, but without the speckled
appearance of the types, was mounted on the same card as
the type of Mordella mgrans, but it differs from it in being
without elytral markings, scutellum larger and cutting into
the elytra, and spurs to hind tibiae longer. A specimen from
the Coen River (H. Hacker’s No. 381) agrees with the
Macleay Museum specimen in its pubescence, and they both
have the elytra somewhat more narrowed posteriorly than on
the types, and the iridescence of the upper-surface more
conspicuous.

ToMOXIA HOWENSIS, 0. sp.

Black, with a vague bluish iridescence. Sides of sterna
and of basal segment of abdomen with conspicuous white
pubescence; the other abdominal segments feebly spotted at
the sides.

Rather narrow for the genus. Scutellum transverse,
angularly cutting into elytra. Pygidium long but tip trun-
cated. Antennae with fifth to tenth joints wide. Spurs to
hind tibiae unequal. Length, 7? mm.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island. Type in Australian Museum.

This species is referred to Tomowia rather than Mor-
della, as the pygidium, although long, is truncated at its tip,
a character which will readily distinguish it from Mordella

245

inornata, to which at first glance it appears to belong. In
some lights the elytral pubescence appears to be of a rusty-
brown, and that on the scutellum greyish.

TOMOXIA EXOLETA, N. sp.

Black. Pubescence obscurely variegated.

Rather short and compact. Scutellum with sides oblique
but angularly cutting into elytra. Pygidium short, its tip
truncated. Spurs to hind tibiae unequal. Length, 32-4 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia. Type, in Macleay
Museum; co-type, I. 6018, in South Australian Museum.

A dingy-looking species, in general apvearance close to
some varieties of Mordella baldiensis, but with the pygidium
and scutellum of a Tomowia; apart from the clothing it is
distinguished from aterrima by the scutellum being longer,
with the hind angles obliquely cut off instead of almost
rectangular, and consequently less conspicuously, although
distinctly, cutting into the elytra. The general pubescence
is of a dingy yellowish-grey (becoming somewhat ashen and
moderately variegated on the abdomen), but on some speci-
mens is almost black, with, in certain lights, a vague
purplish gloss; on some specimens very vague oblique lines
on the elytra may be traced, but not at all approaching
those of 6-lineata. There were six specimens in the Macleay
Museum, but of these five had their heads partly or entirely
destroyed by museum vermin.

TOMOXIA MELANURA, N. sp.

Black ; palpi, base of antennae, and parts of four front
legs reddish. Densely clothed with silken-grey pubescence,
except on tips of elytra, and for an obscure spot towards
each side of each abdominal segment.

Moderately elongate. Scutellum short, sides oblique.
Pygidium short and conspicuously truncated. Antennae with
the fifth and following joints rather wide. Spurs to hind
tibiae very unequal. Length, 4-44 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Tyne,
TI. 5926.

Like agicata on a greatly reduced scale, but pygidium
wider and more conspicuously truncated at tip, and scutellum
with the hind angles more rounded off and consequently less
conspicuously cutting into the elytra, clothing of under-
surface more uniform, and parts of four front legs reddish.
From some directions the pubescence on the pronotum appears
to be uniformly pale, but from others three dark spots
(typical of the smaller species of Mordella) are vaguely
indicated.

246

MoRDELLISTENA.

[ have regarded the numbers of ridges on the hind tibiae
and on the two basal joints of the hind tarsi of the species of
this genus as of specific importance, and they are practically
the only characters by which the close allies of austrina may
be distinguished with certainty, as the other differences in the
general outlines, of the pygidium, colour, and clothing are of
a comparative nature. On the third tarsal joint the ridges,
although sometimes distinct, are so close together, and often
so feeble, that they are not to be relied upon. A small
amount of grease may obscure the others also, and it is to be
noted that the ridges occur only on one side (although usually
traceable as serrations along the upper edge). With the
hind legs broken off, or the ridges in any way obscured, it
would be quite impossible to identify with certainty several
allies of awstrina.

MoRDELLISTENA AUSTRINA, Champ.

The original description of this species was founded upon
two specimens from Darwin and Tasmania; but specimens may
be beaten in abundance from drying leaves of fallen trees in
many parts of Australia. In the description the hind tibiae
are noted as having ‘‘a short basal and two elongate oblique
ridges’’; the ridges vary considerably in length and degree of
obliquity, but on all the specimens before me it is the sub-
apical ridge that is short, the two ridges on the third tarsal
joint are sometimes so close together that they appear as but
one. The length varies from 3 to 6 mm. (inclusive of the
pygidium). I have seen no specimens with a distinct ‘‘trans-
verse infuscate band across the middle’’ of the pronotum, but
many specimens have a few slight stains almost amounting ©
to spots there.

Var. 1. Numerous specimens from Cairns and one each
from Magnetic Island, Mount Tambourine, and Darwin differ
from the typical form in being paler, and with the elytra more
parallel-sided; the pubescence appears to be also slightly
shorter.

Var. 2. A single specimen from Cairns has the head
(muzzle excepted) black, and pronotum with a few infuscate
spots.

Var. 3. Two specimens from the Victorian Alps have
the pygidium shorter and less acute than usual, and the
shoulders and suture with pubescence of a more golden tone
than on the rest of the elytra.

Var. 4. Two small (23-3 mm.) specimens from Cairns
have the general outlines of Var. 1, but have the body-narts
almost (parts of the head and pronotum quite) black, and

247

their pubescence in some lights appears to have a vague
greenish gloss.

All these varieties (and there are others before me) have
the hind tibiae with three oblique ridges, the basal joint of
the hind tarsi with three, the second with two, and the third
(although these are sometimes ill-defined) also ‘with two.

MorRDELLISTENA BRUNNEIPENNIS, Macl.

Some time ago in referring this species to Mordellistena,
from Mordella, I stated that it was possibly the same as
austrina, but this is not the case, and it is really.a very
distinct species. It is unusually elongate, black, the elytra
flavous, with the sides and suture narrowly infuscated. The
oblique ridges of the hind tibiae and tarsi of the type are
somewhat obscured by dirt, and the tip of the abdomen and
of the pygidium are broken off.

MoRDELLISTENA CONCOLOR, Lea.

A specimen of this species, with somewhat paler hind
spurs than on the ype. was in aoe Blackburn collection, from
Oodnadatta.

MoRDELLISTENA FLAVICANS, Macl. (formerly Mordella).

The type of this species is without its hind tarsi, but is
undoubtedly a Mordellistena, as the hind tibiae have three
conspicuous oblique black ridges. The apparent dark portion
of its elytra consists of a subovate infuscate blotch touching
the tips, but not the sides; but after a careful examination
I am satisfied that it is simply due to the folded black wings
showing through the semitransparent derm. There are eleven
other specimens in the South Australian Museum (all from
the Cairns district) which appear to have the tips of the
elytra feebly infuscated, and one with the apparent markings
of the type, but on lifting up their elytra the apparent infus-
cation is clearly seen to be due to the wings. These specimens
have two oblique black ridges on each of the basal joints of
the hind tarsi; the longer spine on the hind tibiae is fully
twice the length of the other and about three-fourths the
length of the basal joint of the tarsi. The pygidium is very
thin and slightly longer than the hind tarsi. The size varies
from 2} to 34 mm.; Macleay gave the length of the type as
1 line, but that was exclusive of the pygidium.

MORDELLISTENA OBSCURIPENNIS, Macl. (formerly Mordella).

The type of this species has three oblique black ridges
on the hind tibiae, three on the basal joint of the hind tarsi,

248

and two on the second ; the spurs to its hind tibiae are similar
to those of flavicans, except that the longer one is not quite
twice the length of the other. Im general appearance it is
like an enlarged specimen of longipes, but on that species the
black ridges on the hind tarsi are two in number on the first
joint and one on the second.

MORDELLISTENA TIBIALIS, N. sp.

Castaneous, parts of appendages somewhat paler.

Long and rather thin. Scutellum small and semicircular.
Pygidium (for the genus) rather short and somewhat obtusely
tipped. Antennae long and thin. Hind tibiae with spurs
of unequal length, with five oblique black ridges, basal joint
of hind tarsi with four, second with three, third with two
ridges. Length, 43-5 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd); New South Wales: Sydney (Macleay Museum).
Type, I. 5948.

In general appearance close to austrina, but distinguished
from that, as from all the other dingy species, by the hind
tibiae having five oblique ridges; of these the sub-basal one
is short and the subapical one is so close to the apex that it
needs to be looked for, but from some directions all five are
sufficiently distinct, the three median ones are considerably
shorter than in austrina. The pubescence is extremely short,
and has a vague silken appearance; on the shoulders and
suture it is slightly paler than elsewhere, on the rest of the
elytra in certain lights it has a feeble purplish gloss; on the
head it appears to be parted in the middle. A single specimen
was seen from each locality.

MORDELLISTENA ABACETA, N. Sp.

Piceous-brown, almost black; sides of prothorax and of
elytra, muzzle, parts of under-surface, and hind legs paler,
antennae and four front legs still paler. Pubescence of a
uniform silken-grey.

Shape much as in preceding species, but pygidium some-
what longer and thinner. Antennae long and thin. Hind
tibiae with spurs very unequal, with four oblique black ridges ;
basal joint of hind tarsi with three, the two following joints
each with two ridges. Length, 3? mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 5950.

A small dark species, in general appearance very close
to some forms of austrina (especially Var. 4), but with four
ridges on the hind tibiae. The elytra (including their
pubescence) when viewed directly from behind appear to be

249

quite black, but with the sides and suture narrowly diluted
with red.
MORDELLISTENA COELIOXYS, Nn. sp.

Castaneous.

Pygidium long and acute. Antennae long and thin.
Hind tibiae with very unequal spurs, the longer more than
twice the length of the other; with four oblique black ridges,
basal joint of hind tarsi with four, the two following joints
each with two ridges. Length, 4-6 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; New South
Wales: Sydney (A. M. Lea).

In general appearance strikingly close to austrina, but
with the ridges on the hind legs different ; the sub-basal ridge
on the hind tibiae is very close to the second, and is indistinct
from some directions, although sufficiently distinct from others.
The pubescence is very similar in colour to the derm on which
it rests. On one specimen the sterna and disc of pronotum are
obscurely infuscated; the specimen from Sydney is much
paler than the others (almost flavous), and was taken from a
tussock of grass.

MoRDELLISTENA MULTILINEATA, DN. sp.

Of a rather dingy castaneous, parts of sterna obscurely
infuscated.

With the general shape of austrona. Pygidium long and
acute. Antennae long and thin. Hind tibiae with spurs
very unequal, with three oblique black ridges; basal joint of
hind tarsi with four, the following with two ridges, the third
without any. Length, 54 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Acacia Creek (H. J. Carter).
Type (unique), I. 6019.

The oblique lines on the elytra, if constant, should render
the species easy of recognition; but in any case, the curious
disposition of the ridges on the hind legs should be distinctive.
The pubescence has mostly a somewhat silken appearance, but
on the pronotum three vague dark spots are indicated from
certain directions; on each elytron there are four slightly
oblique lines on which the pubescence is paler than on the
adjoining parts, and as that on the suture is also pale the
elytra from directly above have a nine-lined appearance ;
seen directly from behind, however, the pubescence appears
blackish, and the lines are scarcely indicated.

MORDELLISTENA MELVILLENSIS, Nn. sp.

Piceous-brown or castaneous, some parts obscurely
variegated.

250

With the general shape of auwstrina. Pygidium rather
long and very acute. Antennae long and thin. Hind tibiae
with very unequal spurs, the longer more than twice the
length of the other, with three oblique black ridges, the two
basal joints of the hind tarsi each with two ridges. Length,
44-54 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Melville Island (W. D.
Dodd). Type, I. 5949.

Rather close to wustrina, but elytra more parallel-sided,
pygidium more acute, and ridges on hind legs different. From
the description of aspersa it differs in having the first joint
of the hind tarsi with but two ridges, and somewhat in the
colour and pubescence; the latter is very similar to the derm
on which it rests. There are three specimens in the Museum,
of which two are males and piceous-brown, with the muzzle,
sides of prothorax, and parts of hind legs obscurely diluted
with red, the other legs being paler; the female is castaneous,
but with the under-surface and disc of pronotum somewhat
infuscated; the antennae of all three are blackish, but with
the basal joints paler.

MORDELLISTENA ATRONITENS, 0. sp.

Black, with a conspicuous bluish iridescence; tip of
muzzle, palpi, base of antennae, front legs (wholly or in
part), and spurs of hind tibiae more or less reddish.

Rather elongate. Scutellum small and_ semicircular.
Pygidium long and very thin. Antennae rather long and
thin. Hind tibiae with very unequal spurs, the longer about
twice the length of the other, with three oblique ridges.
Length, 3-34 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and
Macleay Museum). Type, I. 5900.

A black but beautifully iridescent species, differing from
the non-iridescent Western Australian concolor in its thinner
(almost hair-lke) pygidium. The,pubescence is mostly black,
but on the head, base and apex of pronotum, base of elytra,
and parts of under-surface it is more or less greyish. Owing
to the colour of the hind tarsi I have not: been able to see
their oblique ridges clearly, but there appear to be three on
the first joint and two on the second.

MORDELLISTENA TRICHURA, DN. sp.

Black ; spurs to hind tibiae obscurely flavous. With black
pubescence, becoming greyish on parts of elytra and of
under-surface.

Rather long and thin. .Scutellum minute. Pygidium
Jong and very thin. Antennae long and thin. Hind tibiae

251

with spurs very unequal, the longer fully twice the length of
the other; with three oblique ridges, of which the subapical
one is very short. Length 2?-3 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) :
Hughendon (A. M. Lea). Type, 1. 5890.

In general appearance strikingly close to the following
species, but the pygidium is considerably longer and much
thinner, the apical portion being almost hair-like. On both
specimens in the Museum the greyish pubescence on the elytra
forms two rather obscure fasciae: a wide basal one and a
fairly wide postmedian one, the latter on one specimen is
somewhat advanced along the suture towards the other;
viewed directly from behind, however, both specimens appear
to have entirely black elytra. Owing to the black colour of
the hind tarsi I cannot see their oblique ridges clearly, but
there appear to be two on each of the two basal joints.

MoRDELLISTENA CASTIGATA, 0. Sp.

Black ; muzzle, palpi, base of antennae, front legs, and
spurs to hind tibiae more or less obscurely reddish or
testaceous; each elytron with an obscure, oblique, reddish
humeral vitta. With silken-grey pubescence, somewhat varie-
gated on elytra.

Structurally close to the preceding species. Pygidium
long and thin. Spurs to hind tibiae very unequal. Length,
24 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 5901.

I have not been able to see the ridges on the hind legs
clearly, but on the tibiae they appear to be three in number,
of which only the median one is long and distinct; there
appear to be two ridges on the basal joint of the tarsi, and
one on the second. The pubescence on the elytra is very
similar to that of the preceding species, but the fasciate
markings are less sharply defined; the basal one almost
conceals the humeral vittae, but these are very conspicuous
from some directions.

MoRDELLISTENA CONCINNA, 0. SDP.
Pi, xv, fig. 118.

Black ; tip of muzzle, parts of abdomen, antennae, palpi,
four front legs, and parts of others more or less reddish,
each shoulder with a conspicuous, oblique, flavous vitta.

Structurally close to the preceding species. Hind tibiae
with three oblique ridges, of which the subapical one is very
short; basal joint of hind tarsi with three ridges, of which
one is very feeble, second joint with one distinct ridge (or

252

with two so close together that they appear as one). Length,
2 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 6001.

Close to the preceding species, and with a similar
pygidium, but smaller, elytral markings much more con-
spicuous, legs paler, and ridges of the hind ones more
distinct. At first glance it appears very close to Mordella
distincta, but the hind legs have the conspicuous ridges of a
Mordellistena. The pubescence on the head and pronotum
is greyish, on the elytra it is darker, except on the humeral
vittae, and for a conspicuous postmedian fascia. A single
specimen was found adhering to a sticky seed of Prsoma
Brunomana. The seed was soaked in turpentine, and the
specimen came off in perfect condition.

MorDELLISTENA FUSCULA, Nn. Sp.

Piceous-brown ; muzzle, antennae, and legs (parts of hind
pair excepted) paler.

Thin and subparallel. Scutellum small and semicircular.
Pygidium long and acute. Antennae long and thin. Hind
tibiae with spurs long and subequal, with three oblique black
ridges, the subapical one very short, basal joint of hind tarsi
with three ridges, the two following joints each with one.
Length, 24-3 mm.

Hab.—Uord Howe Island. Two specimens beaten from
leaves (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 5902.

In general appearance like small and narrow specimens
of fusca. A second specimen is smaller than the type and
considerably paler, being (except for black parts of the hind
legs) almost uniformly testaceous, or of a dingy flavous. In
certain lights the elytral pubescence appears to form a con-
spicuous V, the V moving upwards from tip to base of
elytra as the point of view is altered; on the pronotum a U
similarly alters its position; the pubescence, however, is
practically uniform throughout.

MORDELLISTENA PULCHERRIMA, N. sp.

Flavous ; elytra slightly infuscated about scutellum, with
an infuscate median fascia (darker on the sides than about
the suture) and the apex tipped with black, mesosternum
lightly infuscated. Pubescence golden, except on the dark
parts.

Thin and subparallel-sided. Scutellum minute. Pygidium
acute, but (for the genus) rather short. Antennae long and
thin. Hind tibiae with three conspicuous black ridges, two
long and one short. Length, 2? mm.

253

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (G. F. Hill). Type
(unique), I. 7608.

The hind tarsi are missing from the type, but the species
is so extremely distinct that it has been described.

RHIPIDOPHORIDAE.

RHIPIDIUS MOLLIPES, N. sp.

3. Of a rather dingy flavous; head blackish, elytra
and abdomen more or less deeply infuscated. Rather densely
clothed with short greyish pubescence, on upper-surface sub-
erect.

Head small, basal portion subtriangular and densely
punctate. Eyes large, coarsely faceted, almost meeting behind
antennae and close together in front of them. Antennae with
first joint stout and subtriangular, second very short and
strongly transverse, the sides acute, third as wide as second,
of irregular shape, the apex concave, fourth-tenth very short,
each with a very long ramus, eleventh as long as rami. Pro-
thorax evenly convex, at base twice as wide as the median
length, sides obliquely strongly narrowed to apex, which is
truncate ; with dense punctures. Hlytra short, conspicuously
separated at their bases, rather evenly narrowed to apex,
which is far from apex of abdomen, each with a wide obtuse
ridge from shoulder to beyond the middle; punctures much
as on prothorax. Abdomen wide and flat. Legs flat. Length,
33 mm. |

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (F. P. Dodd). Type, I.
5921.

t is with considerable hesitation that this species is
referred to /hipidius. Both Gerstaécker and Lacordaire
describe the claws of the typical species as simple; I have not
been able to see the claws of the present species clearly,. as
they are obscured by hairs, and it is difficult to get them in a
satisfactory position for examination under a compound
power without breaking up the type. Each claw appears to
be acutely bifid at apex, and with serrations towards the base,
but quite possibly the supposed serrations are really setae;
the claws, however, are certainly not simple. Blackburn has
described another species from Australia (the type and only
known specimen of which is in the British Museum) with
claws that are not simple. But the curious antennae, large
eyes almost meeting both in front and behind the antennae, (27)
large labial and apparent absence of maxillary palpi, and

(27) Gerstacker’s figure of the head of pectinicornis will give
a good idea of that of the present species.

254

abbreviated elytra conspicuously separated at their base, cer-
tainly indicate that if not a true Rhipidius it is at least
extremely close to that genus. From pectinicornis it differs in
being paler and opaque, head larger, with longer antennal
rami (although their supporting joints are shorter), and legs
wider and flatter, with the articulations of the tarsi much
less conspicuous. The antennal rami are almost the length
of the elytra, and, owing to the shortness of their supporting
joints, have the appearance as of all starting from the concave
apex of the third joint. Owing to the distance between the
elytra part of the metanotum is exposed, and is seen to be
rather densely punctate and shining ; all the rest of the upper-
surface is opaque. Owing to the flatness of the legs and to
their clothing they have a curiously soft appearance.

RHIPIDIUS PECTINICORNIS, Thunb.

Some years ago I took a pair of this species under bark
of a Casuarina tree at Hobart; they were in company with
a cockroach, and, being unaware at the time that the female
of the species was apterous, I thought the female was a larval
form, and placed it in a small tube of spirits, which evapor-
ated, and the specimen shrivelled up beyond recognition. The
male was compared and agreed with a European specimen
in the Macleay Museum labelled as pectinicornis.

EMENADIA.

This genus may be easily identified by the acutely-pointed
elytra of all its species, their claws strongly bifid at apex, and
their antennae biflabellate in the male. But although the
genus is distinct many of the species are extraordinarily vari-
able in size and markings; at first glance some of the speci-
mens that have been placed together look so utterly different,
that their specific association appears absurd, but with long
series the connecting forms are quite evident. Blackburn
regarded the colour of the head as a reliable feature, but I
have previously pointed out that this is not the case, and
long series of several species confirm my opinion. The struc-
tural features that more readily lead to the identification of
the species are the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum, the
second joint of the hind tarsi, and the punctures of the head.

EMENADIA NOVAEHOLLANDIAE, Gerst.

The medio-lateral spot on each elytron of this species is
always conspicuous and usually rounded ; the apical mark may
cover the whole apex, except for the narrowly elevated and
reddish margins and suture, but occasionally the reddish

255

sutural marking encroaches upon it, so that there appears a
blackish spot obscurely separated from the acute black tip.
The medio-basal elevation of the pronotum is always con-
spicuous, and has the same curious broken-off appearance as
in cucullata and semipunctata. The length varies from 4 to
9mm. It was recorded originally from New Holland; speci-
mens in the Museum are from South Australia (Monarto,
Oodnadatta, and Ooldea) and Western Australia (Cue and
Geraldton).
EMENADIA TRICOLOR, Gerst.

Two females before me agree well with the original
description of this species, except that the femora and tibiae
are entirely reddish, and that on one of them the hind coxae
are blackish, the irregular pale fascia covers about half the
length of the elytra, and the interruptions at suture and
sides are but slight; the second joint of the hind tarsi is
longer than wide, and less conspicuously three-sided than on
most species of the genus. Another female agrees well with
Waterhouse’s description of the colour of the male, except
that less of the legs are reddish; still another female has
more of the legs red, and the whole of the base (narrowly)
and sides of prothorax dark red. All these specimens (as
were also those of Waterhouse’s) are from the Swan River;
the type was from New Holland. Waterhouse considered the
differences in colour to be sexual, but the specimens before
me indicate that they are individual, and I believe he was
quite right in associating the specimens he described with
tricolor, although Blackburn (who had never seen a specimen
of tricolor) thought to the contrary.

Three other females also appear to belong to the species,
but are considerably smaller (45-54 mm.), one of them has
the head entirely red, with the black parts of the elytra
consisting of a narrow basal edging, and an obscure stripe
from the middle to the apex; the second specimen has the
upper part of the head black, the basal edging of the elytra
conspicuous, but the lateral markings reduced to an infuscate
median blotch ; the third specimen has the upper part of the
head black, and the elytral markings reduced to a narrow
basal edging, narrowly continued along the sides to the basal
third; the first specimen has the hind coxae entirely pale,
the second and third have them partly dark.

EMENADIA MACULICOLLIS, Boh.

There are seven specimens before me (five from Sydney,
one from New South Wales, and one from Victoria) that
appear to belong to this species; of these three are females
and have the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum lightly but

256

distinctly notched, the others are males and the lobe is trun-
cate; they vary in length from 65 to 11 mm. On two of
the females the head (except for part of the mandibles) is
entirely red, on the other its hind slope is infuscated.- On
the type the prothoracic markings were apparently discon-
nected spots, but on the specimens before me they are all
connected together, but all in a different way, thus on one
specimen the black mark has four extensions to near the apex,
on the second specimen there are but three (owing to the two
median ones becoming conjoined), on the third there are but
two (owing to the disappearance of the lateral ones) ; on all
three specimens there are two black extensions to near the
base. The elytra are also variable in colour, on two of them
the base is narrowly black, and there is a large subtriangular
black spot about the middle of each, the space between being
flavous, at the sides of and behind the black spots the derm
is of a similar shade of red to that of the pronotum ; on the
third specimen the black parts are all connected so as to
enclose two comparatively small flavous spots. The black
parts of the under-surface also vary. The four males have
the head, prothorax (tips of hind angles excepted), under-
surface, and legs (parts of tibiae and of tarsi excepted) black,
the elytra also are black with a large subflavous spot on each
towards the base, the spots on two specimens touching neither
sides nor suture; on the third touching the sides but not the
suture; but on the fourth combined to form a wide fascia
extending from side to side.

Three females (from Mackay) also appear to belong to
the species ; they are small (44-7 mm.) and all differ in colour ;
the largest specimen has the hind slope of the head black,
the black prothoracic blotch in three disconnected parts, of
which two are large oblong spots, extending from near the
middle to near the base, the median part has an extension
from each of its sides to near the apex; there is a small
blackish spot on each elytron at the base, and the postmedian
spot is smaller and more elliptic than on the Sydney speci-
mens, with the space beyond it of a more diluted red than the
pronotum. The smallest specimen has the basal half of the
head black, the pronotum black except for the sides and three
disconnected basal spots; the elytra (as are also those of the
third specimen) are much as on the largest of the three.
The third specimen has the head, prothorax, under-surface,
and legs entirely of a rather pale castaneous.

All these specimens have the second joint of the hind
tarsi as noted under punctulaticeps. JI think it extremely
probable that the type of interioras (now in the British
Museum) was one of the varities of tricolor.

257

EMENADIA INTERIORIS, Blackb.

A female (from Sydney, in coll. Lea) agrees well with
the description of this species, except that the abdomen is
partly black; the legs of the type were not specially men-
tioned; on the Sydney specimen the femora and coxae are
black, the other parts being of a dark red.

Another specimen (from Caloundra, in the Queensland
Museum) agrees perfectly in structure with the Sydney speci-
men, but differs in-colour of legs and under-surface; the
elytra are narrowly black at the base, except that the shoulders
are red, and each has a large subtriangular median black
spot, the space at its sides and between it and the apex being
of the same’ shade of red as the shoulders, between the spot
and the black base the colour is almost flavous; less of the
sterna and abdomen are black, and the femora are black only
at the apex. This specimen appears to connect interioris with
maculicollis. |

EMENADIA cucuLLATA, Macl.
Var. pictipennis, Lea.

From an examination of sixteen specimens I am convinced
that the form named pictipennis is only a colour variety of
cucullata. The following forms are before me :—

1. Elytra entirely black.

2. Each elytron with one reddish spot, the spot usually
rather obscure.

3. Each elytron with two reddish spots, the spots obscure
on some specimens, very distinct on others, and gradually
increasing till they are conjoined (Form 4).

4. On this form the two pale markings are considerably
enlarged and conjoined, and enclose a large dark spot; the
apex of the elytra is also pale; the other parts of the elytra
vary from quite black to dark reddish-brown (as on the types
of pictipennis ).

All the specimens of Forms 1 and 2 are females, all of
Form 4 males, of Form 3 there are both sexes. The feature
used by Blackburn to distinguish the species in his table of
the genus, “Prothorax bearing a longitudinal median carina,”
is sometimes very feeble, and should not be relied upon.

EMENADIA DIVERSICEPS, Blackb.

On this species, which is widely distributed in South Aus-
tralia, the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum is either lightly
notched or truncate. Four specimens from New South Wales
(Sydney, Galston, Forest Reefs, and Bindogundra) and one
from Western Australia (Darling Ranges) differ from some co-
types, and other South Australian specimens, in having the

J :

258

elytra with punctures quite as crowded about base as else-
where, instead of sparser and larger there; two of them
have the extreme base of prothorax and sides of elytra near
base obscurely reddish. They all have the beautiful bluish
iridescence noted in the original description.

EMENADIA PUNCTULATICEPS, Blackb.

On the hind tarsi. of this species- the second joint is
shghtly longer than wide, and has a three-sided appearance,
the upper side being bounded by acute ridges, the lower sides
meeting in a rounded ridge at the middle, the joint being
somewhat similar to that in diversiceps. The species occurs
in Western Australia (Beverley) and New South Wales (Gal-
ston and Sydney) as well as in South Australia, and a specimen
from Victoria agrees perfectly with the variety described by
Blackburn. One specimen from Sydney is unusually small (7
mm.), and has a rather small, rounded, subflavous spot on
the middle of each elytron at about the basal fourth.

EMENADIA NIGROAPICALIS, n. Sp.

Q. Bright castaneo-flavous; apical two-fifths of elytra,
metasternum (except epimeron), antennae (except two basal
joints), and legs (except claws) black, part of muzzle and
base of elytra infuscated.

Head with scattered and not very large but sharply-
defined punctures, becoming crowded between bases of
mandibles, labrum long and thin. /rothorax longer than
wide, front half rapidly sloping downwards, medio-basal lobe
conspicuously elevated and transversely notched ; with fairly
numerous shallow punctures. Hlytra each with a wide, deep,
and (except posteriorly) impunctate impression from base to
near apex, elsewhere with fairly numerous punctures, but
becoming sparser about base. Second joint of hind fas:
slightly thicker, but otherwise much the same as third.
Length, 10-12 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell (H. W. Brown) ;
South Australia: Ooldea (Capt. S. A. White and A. M. Lea).
Dype, I. 5912:

Differs from novaehollandiae in the absence of elytral
spots, by the prothoracic punctures being much smaller and
sparser, and by the elytral punctures being more evenly dis-
tributed on the sides. The hind angles of the pronotum from
above seem rather acute, but from perpendicular to themselves
they are seen to be rectangular. The medio-basal lobe of the
pronotum has the same curiously broken-off appearance, and

259

the elytra are very acute, as in novaeholiandiae, semipunctata,
and cucullata. The four species may be thus distinguished : —

Prothorax entirely black.

Elytra with dense punctures throughout’... cucullata
Elytra with dense peorae only on black
parts ; : Ho ee eeeetr Gssy) Semipunctata
Prothorax entirely pale.
Elytra with apex only black _... nigroapicalis
Elytra with black postmedian peataa as welll. novaehollandiae

EMENADIA RUFOFASCIATA, Nl. Sp.

6. Colour variable, but elytra always with a broad,
sub-basal, and more or less reddish fascia.

Head polished and impunctate except between bases of
mandibles, where the punctures are fairly numerous and
rather sharply defined, although small. Prothorax longer than
wide, hind angles very little divergent, medio-basal lobe rather
wide and obtusely pointed, not notched; with shallow and
rather sparse punctures, becoming more numerous on sides.
Elytra each with a rather shallow longitudinal impression ;
punctures moderately dense and oblong, with a laminated
appearance posteriorly. Second joint of hind tars: about once
and one-half as long as wide, subtriangular in transverse
section. Length, 4-64 mm.

Q. Differs in having second-tenth joints of antennae
serrate instead of biflabellate, sides of mesosternum more con-
vex (although not visible from above), legs slightly shorter,
and front tarsi narrower.

Hab.—North-western Australia (Macleay Museum) ;
Queensland: Mackay (C. French, from R. E. Turner), Cairns
(E. Allen), Brisbane (H. Hacker, in Queensland Museum) ;
New South Wales (Macleay Museum), Jenolan (J. C.
Waiburd). Type, I. 5922.

In many respects close to dein but the pale portion
of elytra in the form of a transverse fascia, instead of (when
the elytra are not entirely pale) longitudinal markings. Of
the nine specimens before me no two are coloured exactly
alike, but they all agree in having a wide fascia commencing
near the base of the elytra, and terminating about the
middle; on some specimens it is no longer than the basal
black portion, but on others it is thrice as long, it is without
interruption from side to side and is of a more or less bright
red, but on some specimens almost flavous; the legs, except
for the tibial spines, and the claws are sometimes entirely
black, but on some specimens many parts are reddish; the
basal joints of the antennae are reddish, the other parts

J2

260

more or less blackish. Excluding the elytra and the append-
ages the colours of the specimens are as follows: —

1. Head (upper half black), prothorax, mesosternum
(except epimeron), and abdomen reddish, other parts black.
Type.
e 2. Like 1, but apical half of abdomen black.

3. Like 1, but head entirely red, and apical two seg-
ments of abdomen black, metasternal epimeron red.

4. Head, prothorax, mesosternum (but middle somewhat
infuscated), metasternal epimeron, and abdomen (tip ex-
cepted) red, other parts black.

5. Like 4, but upper half of head black.

6. Mesosternum and metasternum entirely black, other
parts red.

7. Head (small parts of muzzle excepted), prothorax
(apex and base narrowly excepted), and under-surface (parts
of prosternum and mesosternum excepted) black.

8. Like 7, but head obscurely reddish, and with an obscure
dark fascia between eyes and another on vertex, and pro-
thorax (except at base) entirely dark. In Queensland
Museum.

9. Black, except for parts of mandibles and a narrow
flavous edging at base of pronotum. On this specimen the
elytral fascia is narrower and more flayous than usual.

On all the specimens the black parts have a more or less
conspicuous bluish iridescence.

KMENADIA LAEVICEPS, N. sp.

Q. Reddish-castaneous; apical two-fifths of elytron and
a small part of base, antennae (basal joints excepted), and
most of legs black or blackish.

Head shining and with minute scattered punctures, but
becoming dense between bases of mandibles; a shallow depres-
sion in middle between antennae. Antennae with third-tenth
joints strongly serrated. Prothorax with sides very feebly
increasing in width from apex to about middle, and then
rather more strongly to base, medio-basal lobe wide, its tip
truncate ; with shallow, moderately dense, and fairly large
punctures. LHlytra each with a rather shallow longitudinal
impression ; with dense punctures on basal half, becoming
crowded and with a laminate appearance posteriorly. Upper-
surface of second joint of hind tars: about twice as long as
wide, subtriangular in transverse section. Length, 63-11 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 5913.

a

261

The markings of the upper-surface are much like those of
nigroapicalis, but the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum is
very different ; structurally it is close to maculicollis, Another
female (64 mm.), from North-western Australia, has the legs
almost entirely pale. Both specimens have a vague bluish
iridescence.

EMENADIA CRASSIPES, Nl. sp.

¢. Black; part of mandibles and a narrow strip between
their bases, basal joints of antennae, sides, and hind angles
of prothorax, tibiae, and most of tarsi deep red; elytra
variegated.

Head with numerous distinct but not very large punc-
tures on vertex, becoming crowded and subasperate in front.
Prothorax parallel-sided for most of its length, but with
hind angles conspicuously diverging, medio-basal lobe rather
wide and lightly notched; with crowded sublaminate punc-
tures. lytra each with a shallow longitudinal impression,
punctures crowded and sublaminate posteriorly, not quite so
dense towards base. Hind tibiae stout and noticeably dilated
towards apex; basal joint of hind tarsi stout and with coarse
punctures, second joint transverse and subtriangular in trans-
verse section. Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island (J. H. Boreham).
’ Type in Queensland Museum.

The colour (which everywhere has a beautiful bluish
iridescence) is somewhat suggestive of some males of maculi-
collis, but the hind tibiae are stouter, and the hind tarsi are
very different, the first joint being rougher and the second
transverse ; on that species the second joint is distinctly longer
than wide. The elytra of the type are black at the base,
then have a wide flavous fascia, followed by a black space
bounded at the sides and followed by a deep red colour, but
the entire lateral margins are narrowly reddish.

A female from the Swan River (A. M. Lea) agrees so
well with the type in structure that it probably belongs to the
same species, but it differs considerably in colour, the lower
half of the front part of the Read (and a short projection
backwards), parts cf the mandibles, two small oblong spots
on the front part of the pronotum, part of the sides, large
patches of the mesosternum and of the metasternum, part of
the basal segment of abdomen, claws, tibial spurs, parts of
the hind tibiae and tarsi, and two basal joints of antennae are
more or less red, all other parts being black: In general
appearance it is close to punctulaticeps, but (apart from colour
differences) the punctures of the head are not so dense between
the eyes, and the hind legs are very different. Its length is
11 mm.

262

EMENADIA SETIPENNIS, N. sp.

3d. Black; two basal joints of antennae, palpi, and parts
of legs reddish, elytra flavous, a narrow part at the base,
the suture very narrowly, and the apical sixth blackish.

Head polished and with very minute scattered punctures,
but becoming somewhat crowded between bases of mandibles ;
back slope finely rugose. Prothorax with sides very feebly
increasing in width to near base, but hind angles more notice-
ably (although not strongly) diverging, medio-basal lobe rather
wide, its tip truncate; with fairly large, shallow, and moder-
ately dense punctures. Hlytra each with a rather shallow
longitudinal impression; punctures fairly dense about base,
becoming crowded and sublaminate posteriorly. Second joint
of hind tars: transverse in cross section, its upper-surface fully
twice as long as wide. Length, 5-6 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection):
Brisbane, February, 1916 (H. MHacker, in Queensland
Museum). Type, I. 5915.

There is a beautiful rainbow-hued iridescence on both
specimens, and the short blackish setae on the elytra are more
noticeable than on most species of the genus. On the type
the hind angles and the median lobe of the pronotum are
very narrowly tipped with red, and parts of the mandibles

are obscurely red; the obscurely- -reddish parts of the legs -

are the greater portions of the front ones, parts of hind tibiae
and tarsi, and all the tibial spurs. The specimen from Bris-
bane has the four hind legs missing, but the front femora and
tibiae are black, the tarsi obscurely reddish; its elytra have
more of the apex and less of the base black, and the suture
scarcely infuscated.

EVANIOCERA.

In tabulating the species of this genus Blackburn noted
the males of three species as having nine rami to each
antenna, and two others as having eight; to the first group
also a fourth species was afterwards added. As a matter of
fact, the rami for the groups should be regarded as eight and
seven in number, as he counted the long terminal joint of
each antenna as a ramus; the rami in the first group com-
mence with the third joint, and in the second group with
the fourth.

EVANIOCERA NERVOSA, Gerst.

The dark lines on the elytra of this species are much
more conspicuous on some specimens than on others. The size
ranges from 64 to 9 mm. On the female the antennae are
thin, the third joint is very little longer than the second
(from some directions the third appears to be distinctly longer
than the second, but from almost every point of view it

263

appears decidedly shorter than the fourth), the serrations of
the fourth-tenth joints are less pronounced than usual in
females of the genus, and the eleventh is almost as long as
the three preceding combined.

Hab.—South Australia: Tanunda; New South Wales;
Queensland: Somerset.

Two females from Western Australia (Swan River and
Coolgardie) may belong to the species, but are much larger
(12-123 mm.), the prothorax is wider than on most of the
other females, and has a conspicuous median line in front (of
which there is not a trace on the males and scarcely a trace
on other females). On one of them the derm of the elytra
is quite black, and it is very dark on the other.

EVANIOCERA PRUINOSA, Gerst.
E. gerstdckeri, Macl.

Two males were standing under the name of prwinosa in
the Blackburn collection, and they agree with the original
description, except in being smaller (43-5 mm.); they also
agree with the specimens I have previously commented upon
as agreeing with the types of gerstdckerv. The species may
be readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
curiously mottled clothing, especially of the female. On the
female the third joint of the antennae is rather long and
subcylindrical, and the seven following joints are strongly
serrated ; between the eyes there is a conspicuous, longitudinal,
sublanceolate, highly-polished space, of which there is not a
trace in the male. The length ranges from 34 to 7 mm. in
the male, and from 44 to 12 mm. in the female.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney, Jenolan, Tamworth ;
Queensland: Aloomba, Cairns.

EVANIOCERA MEYRICKI, Blackb.

The males of this species before me (I have not seen the
type, which is probably in the British Museum) differ slightly
in colour, the mandibles of some being darker than on others,
and the prothorax is usually no paler at the sides than on the
disc. Their hind tibiae have a curious pubescent groove,
bounded by fine carinae, on the under-surface from about the
basal fourth almost to the apex, but this is invisible from
above or from the sides. The eyes are separated to a less
degree than in pruimosa, but to call them “approximate” is
misleading. The length ranges from 5 to 8} mm. The female
(unknown to Blackburn) has a long, shining, semidouble ridge
between the eyes; the antennae have the third joint rather
long, and the seven following ones strongly serrated ; it differs

264

from the female of pruinosa in being wider, shining median
space on head of different shape, and with small but distinct
punctures ; and elytral clothing as on its own male, instead of
mottled.

Hab.—Western Australia: Karridale, Geraldton ;
South Wales: Galston, Armidale, Blue Mountains.

New

EVANIOCERA PERTHENSIS, Blackb.

The derm of the elytra of this species varies from a
rather dingy piceous-brown to almost flavous, with the suture
(narrowly) and sides (narrowly to rather widely) blackish.
The length varies from 3 to 6 mm., and the species occurs in
South Australia (Karoonda to Peebinga), as well as in Wes-
tern Australia.

A female (it is the only four-eyed female in the Museum)
from lLucindale evidently belongs to the species; it is
piceous-black (parts of the appendages and tips of the
abdominal segments excepted), almost uniformly clothed with
greyish pubescence, and the antennae non-flabellate.

EVANIOCERA MINUTA, Blackb.

There were two specimens (sexes) of this species in the
Blackburn collection from Northern Queensland, but they
differ from the type in being smaller (24-3 mm.); both
specimens have the elytra somewhat paler than on the type,
and with the suture as well as the outer margins somewhat
paler.

EUCTENIA SERICEA, Gerst.

There are before me eight specimens belonging to two
forms—the first, named as sericea, in the Macleay Museum ;
the other, also so named, in the Blackburn collection. They
are strikingly alike in general appearance, but the differences
noted below are quite distinct : —

Form lI.

Head with a rather wide, shal-
low, semidouble, median line
from between eyes to vertex,
where it vanishes.

With a short, shining, median
line in front (sometimes
searcely traceable).

Gently depressed between eyes.

Prothorax with a shallow dis-
cal impression towards base,
and with a shallow one on
each side of base.

Length, 8-93 mm.

Form 2.

Median line commencing some
distance behind eyes, and con-
tinued over vertex (from
behind the vertex appears
bilobed).

Without a shining line in front.

Gently convex between eyes.

Prothorax flat at the position
of the discal impression of
Form 1.

Length, 9-1] mm.

265

Form 2 is also a trifle wider than Form 1, the antennary
tubercles are more pronounced and shining, and the pro-
thoracic punctures are rather more noticeable, owing to the
less density of the clothing. On both forms the legs vary
somewhat in colour; sometimes all the femora are as pale
as the tibiae and tarsi, sometimes the front pair of femora,
or the two front pair are deeply infuscated ; on not one of the
eight are the hind femora dark. The antennae also could
not fairly be called black, althéugh the amount of infuscation
varies.

Of Form 2 there is a female before me; it closely resembles
the male, except that the abdomen is larger and more convex,
that the legs are somewhat shorter, and that the antennae are
non-flabellate, joint three is about once and one-half the
length of four, the fifth is triangularly produced on one side,
and the produced part gradually elongates, till on the tenth
it is much longer than the supporting base, the eleventh is
slightly longer than the tenth with its produced part.

A female from the Dandenong Ranges agrees closely in
structure with the female of Form 2, but has the elytra and
abdomen much darker; at first glance almost as dark as the
prothorax. 3

Form 3. There is in the Queensland Museum another
form, from Brisbane, that differs in being still wider than
Form 2, the antennal rami longer, quite black, and the five
basal joints almost black, the median line on the head is
intermediate between Forms | and 2, and the prothorax has
a narrow median line, traceable (except for a slight inter-
ruption) from apex to base, and becoming rather deep near
base.

Form | agrees closest with the original description ; the
other forms are perhaps deserving of subspecific names, but
at present it appears preferable to simply number them. Two
of the specimens of Form 1 are labelled as from New South
Wales, and one of Form 2 as from King George Sound. The
type was from New Holland.

The males of the genus may be thus distinguished : —

Long antennal rami commence on the fifth joint ... occidentalis
Long rami commence on the sixth joint.
Separation of eyes more than length of first joint

Gr SNLennaemm eR es. 6). ..! nn. acne eee. | SELtCed.
Separation about equal to length of second joint fusca
Eyes almost touching GW cas * cag hile eee ae FILE OLO DS

EUCTENIA MEGALOPS, 0. sp.

d. Piceous-brown, some parts almost or quite black;
antennae, palpi. and claws castaneous, mandibles partly red.

266

Densely clothed with short brownish pubescence, becoming
greyish on scutellum, under-surface, and legs.

Head with basa! portion curvilinearly triangular, and
with small dense punctures. Eyes large, almost touching both
above and below. Antennae with first joint stout, almost as
long as three following combined, second and third moder-
ately, fourth strongly transverse, fifth with a short produced
portion on one side, sixth to tenth each with a long ramus,
eleventh as long as ramus of ‘tenth. Prothorax with sides
strongly diminishing in width to apex, which is not half the
width of base, median line faint at base and apex, but con-
spicuous and somewhat dilated in middle; punctures as on
head. EHlytra slightly wider than prothorax, sides regularly
decreasing in width posteriorly, each with four feeble longi-
tudinal elevations. Length, 10-13 mm.

Q. Differs in being rather more robust, abdomen larger,
legs somewhat shorter, and antennae with none of the joints
transverse, the third almost twice the length of second and
distinctly longer than fourth, fifth slightly shorter than fourth
but at tip slightly wider, sixth to tenth strongly serrated,
eleventh distinctly longer than tenth, and with a slight pro-
jection at its middle.

Hab.—Western Australia: Murchison (— Phillipson),
Coolgardie (C. White), Mullewa (Miss J. F. May). Type,
Reo rase

In general appearance strikingly close to occidentalis, but
the long rami of the antennae start on the sixth joint instead
of on the fifth. Sometimes the whole of the under-surface
and legs are castaneous. The only female before me has two
feeble depressions on the disc of the pronotum, but from some
directions they appear quite conspicuous, owing to their
clothing being slightly different in disposition to that on the
adjacent parts; on some of the males there are slight traces
of these depressions. Two specimens from Coolgardie and
Nullabor Plains (from the Blackburn collection) evidently
belong to this species, but their antennae are broken off short.

KUCTENIA FUSCA, N. Sp.

3. Black, claws and flabellate joints of antennae red-
dish. Densely and uniformly clothed on upper-surface with
brown pubescence, becoming brownish-grey on _ under-
surface and legs.

Head with basal portion strongly convex and curvilinearly
triangular. Eyes large and rather close together. Antennae
with first joint stout, as long as the three following combined,
second transverse and longer than third, third slightly longer
than fourth, the latter fully twice as wide as long, fifth with

267
a short produced piece on one side, sixth to tenth each with
a long ramus, eleventh as long as ramus of tenth. Prothorax
with a vague depression in middle, and a still more vague
one on each side of same. /lytra each with four feeble
longitudinal elevations. Length, 10-115 mm.

H1ab.— Queensland: Winton (— Higgins). Type in
Queensland Museum; co-type, I. 5924, in South Australian
Museum.

With the general appearance and outlines of the pre-
ceding species, and also with the long antennal rami com-
mencing on the sixth joint, but differs from that species in the
eyes being wider apart (their distance at the nearest point is
about equal to the length of the second joint of antennae),
five basal joints of antennae darker than the others, and the
mandibles and under-surface entirely black. In general
appearance this species even more closely resembles a
Trigonotomoides than does occidentalis, but its head is quite
as distinctly elevated above the front of the prothorax as is
that of that species. The punctures on the upper-surface are
very dense and small, but are normally concealed by the
clothing.

PELECOTOMOIDES.

With the exception of the typical species (conicollis), in
which the differences in the antennae are great, [ am unaware,
apart from dissection, as to how the sex of unique specimens
of this genus may be determined. With several species there
are slight differences in the size and approximation of the
eyes, and very slight differences in the width of the front tarsi
and of the antennae, but these are not available to distinguish
single specimens. Gerstacker referred the species known to
him to two sections : —

1. Antennae with four basal joints simple, or narrower

than the others. nuda, Gerst.

2. Antennae with five basal joints simple, or narrower
than the others. senzlis, Gerst.; lutea, Gerst. ;
sericea, Gerst.

Of these nuda is commented upon below; sericea should
be distinct by the prothorax with “foveola disci sat profunde
impressa,”” and senilis by the very short third joint of
antennae ; /wfea is evidently a very smal] and ordinary-looking
species that might be any of several species in the Museum,
including some named by Macleay.

In addition to the species here described there are others
(mostly from Queensland) in the Museum that are probably
new, but at present it appears better to pass them over rather
than to risk redescribing several imperfectly-characterized
species.

268
PELECOTOMOIDES NUDA, Gerst.

Two specimens from the Swan River (the type was from
New Holland) probably belong to this species, but they differ
from the description in having the elytra, femora, and tibiae
black; their size (9-10 mm.) is almost equal to that of the
type (5 German lines). The following combination of char-
acters distinguishes them from the specimens of all other
species before me: —More parallel-sided than usual, clothing
of upper-surface unusually short and sparse (certainly not
due to abrasion and quite justifying the specific name), head
with a median line from vertex to a shallow depression in
front of eyes, these rather widely separated, antennae with
third joint distinctly longer than first, sixth-eleventh con-
spicuously reddish, the sixth-tenth distinctly shorter than the
fourth or fifth, and about the same width at apex ; pronotum
with medio-basal lobe widely rounded, a shallow depression
before it, hind angles not embracing shoulders; elytra densely
granulate (‘“‘alutaceis’’ of Gerstacker) and each with four
feeble longitudinal elevations.

PELECOTOMOIDES NIGROLATERALIS, N. Sp.

Piceous-brown, appendages paler. Densely clothed with
short pubescence, pale on upper-surface, except for a wide
black patch on each side of elytra; under-surface and legs
with ashen pubescence, but variegated with dark spots at
sides of sterna and of abdomen. -

Antennae with third joint about once and one-half the
length of fourth, fifth-tenth moderately serrated, fifth slightly
wider than fourth, and conspicuously wider than third.
Prothorax with sides strongly rounded and converging to
apex, which is not half the width of base; without discal
depressions. /ytra closely applied to prothorax, and regu-
larly diminishing in width to apex, where each is separately
rounded. Length, 7-95 mm.

Hab. gue nue (National Museum, from C. French),
Cairns district (E. Allen, F. P. Dodd, and "EL Hacker).

An abundant and strikingly- distinct species, with elytral
markings very different to those of any previously-described
ones, but with the general outlines of marmoratus, mastersi,
and several other species named by Macleay. A pair from Mr.
Hacker (his No. 67) are marked as having been taken im cop.,
but I can find no sexual distinctions. The colour of the derm
varies somewhat, as on some specimens most of the upper-
surface 1s very dark (almost black), whilst on others it is no
darker than the under-surface; usually the abdomen is
slightly paler than the sterna, the five basal joints of antennae
are paler than the following ones. The pale pubescence on

269

the upper-surface frequently has a golden lustre, but it varies
to stramineous or ashen; the dark elytral pubescence is so
disposed that the paler clothing at the base and on the suture
forms an ornamental T; the dark pubescence on most of the
specimens is quite black, but on others varies to a golden-
brown, but always leaving a conspicuous T; it is narrowly
advanced on each side to the extreme base ; ‘the pale sutural
pubescence is quite regular and parallel- sided till it abruptly
disappears at about one-sixth from the apex. The pubescence
on the scutellum is usually darker than on the adjacent parts,
and there is sometimes a slight stain on the pubescence towards
the middle of the base of the pronotum.
On the head, prothorax, and elytra of this, as also of the
following species, the punctures are very dense and minute,
but concealed except where the derm is exposed.

PELECOTOMOIDES HACKERI, N. sp.

Blackish, parts of antennae and of legs of an obscure
brown. Densely clothed with short pubescence, greyish on
head, prothorax, scutellum, and on a wide subtriangular
basal portion of elytra, black on the rest of elytra, greyish on
under-surface and legs.

Antennae moderately stout, third joint almost as long as
fourth and fifth combined, these subequal in length, but fifth
shightly wider than fourth, sixth-tenth rather strongly ser-
rated. Length, 7-8 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Buderim Mountain, April, 1912 or
Hacker). Type in Queensland Museum ; co-type, I. 5923, 1
South Australian Museum.

Another very distinct species, although the ie out-
lines are almost exactly as on the preceding one, but the third
to fifth joints of antennae are somewhat differently propor-
tioned, and the elytral clothing is different. The black
pubescence on the elytra (although uniformly dark) has a
curiously mottled appearance, and in some lights a dark rusty-
brown gloss; it leaves a subtriangular space at the base
(extending from the shoulders to the suture at about the basal
fourth) on which the pubescence is similarly coloured to that
on the prothorax, and is exactly alike on the four specimens
under examination.

CANTHARIDAE.
ZONITIS LONGICEPS, n. sp.
Flavous ; tips of elytra, antennae, palpi, tarsi (claws ex-
cepted), apical half of tibiae, and tips of femora black or

blackish. Upper-surface (except parts of elytra) glabrous,
under-surface and appendages finely pubescent.

270

Head very long and thin; with irregularly-distributed
and moderately numerous, sharply-defined punctures. Eyes
strongly notched, obliquely subreniform, distance between
their nearest points slightly less than length of first joint of
antennae. Antennae rather long and thin, first and third
joints equal in length and very little longer than second. Palpi
long and thin. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, basal
half with sides gently rounded, then strongly narrowed to
apex, without foveate impressions and with median line but
vaguely impressed ; punctures much as on head. Llytra much
wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex ; with dense,
round, sharply-defined punctures, in places feebly confluent,
but not rugose. Legs long and thin. Length, 8 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (H. Wesselman).
Type (unique), I. 6139.

At first glance quite an ordinary-looking species, but
readily distinguished from all other species known to me by
its remarkably long head ; this is fully thrice as long as the
distance across its widest part. It differs from the description
of carpentariae in having the labrum pale, only a small por-
tion of the apex of elytra dark, head with not very sparse
and rather coarse punctures, third joint of antennae very
little longer than second, elytra rather strongly punctate and
without raised lines.

ZONITIS BREVICEPS, N. sp.

Bright reddish-flavous; palpi, tarsi (claws excepted),
tibiae, and tips of femora black. Finely pubescent, elytra
almost glabrous.

Head rather wide and short; with minute scattered
punctures, becoming somewhat denser but scarcely larger in
front. Eyes large, widely separated, rather lightly notched
in front and still more lightly behind. Maxillary
palpi rather short, labial still shorter. Prothorax distinctly
transverse, sides lightly increasing in width from near base to
beyond the middle, and then strongly rounded to apex; with
small and not very dense, but somewhat irregularly-distributed
punctures. Hlytra not much wider than widest part of pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex ; with crowded and rugose
but not very large punctures, smaller and less rugose about
base than elsewhere; each elytron with four distinct but
feebly-elevated lines. Legs not very long. Length, 24 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (H. W. Brown). Type
(unique), I. 6140.

At first glance the upper-surface appears to be glabrous,
and the elytra (except for a slight amount of pubescence at

271

the sides) are really so; but when viewed from the sides the
head and prothorax are seen to be supplied with very short
erect pubescence; on the under-surface the pubescence is
longer on the metasternum than elsewhere. Only two joints
are remaining of each antenna, they are both black, but the
base of the first is reddish, the first is rather short (scarcely
more than half the length of the second tarsal joint), but
about twice the length of the second. There are several shallow
depressions on the pronctum, but these may be due to irregular
contractions of the derm. Each claw is irregularly serrated or
multidentate from the base to the apical third, and is then
suddenly narrowed and sweeps round in an even curve to the
tip ; the membranous appendage starting from the base of each
is very conspicuous. :

This species, perhaps, should have been referred to a new
genus, but with both antennae broken off near the base it is
not desirable at present to propose one; the species, however,
is such a fine one that it is desirable to name it.

OEDEMERIDAE.

The table of Oedemeridae given by Blackburn (ante,
1899, p. 73) is unsatisfactory ; “AAA” used for Pseudolycus
only, whilst sufficient to distinguish most species as belonging
to that genus, would exclude the males of several species
which, by the table, could only be referred to Comdita. The
comparative length of the head and shape of the eye are
much the same in several species of Zschnomera and Dohrna,
but for the former are given as ‘‘Head short, eyes somewhat
round,” and for the latter “Head more elongate, eyes more
oblong”; these being, practically, quotations from Cham-
pion’s notes on Dohrma.) The antennae of Techmessa
ruficollis are quite as long and about the same thickness as
those of Zschnomera sublineata, but in the table those of
Techmessa are noted as “more robust and considerably shorter’
than those of Ischnomera.

The maxillae when dissected out are seen to each have
three appendages, the inner to be densely pilose on its inner
edge, the outer to be having several joint-like portions all
densely pilose,@% and a four-jointed palpus; the inner lobe
is always concealed from above, but the outer lobe is often
visible from above, and then causes the head to appear to be
supplied with three pairs of palpi; the basal joint of the
palpus is small and indistinct or concealed, but the apical

(28) Trans.’ Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 246.

(29) With specimens mounted on cardboard this hairy portion
is often matted with gum and concealed from above.

272

joint is large and often (especially in the males of Danerces
and Coydtta) curiously formed.

It is probable that many species are overlooked by col-
lectors, as they are usually to be found in company with, and
greatly resemble species of Malacodermidae that occur in great
abundance. Although many of the species are extremely
variable in their colours, there are some which strongly
resemble each other, and yet may be distinguished by pro-
found differences in sculpture (in this, again, there is a
parallel with Mfalacodermdae ).

By the courtesy of the Curator of the Australian Museum
I have seen Macleay’s types of the family and a few other
species. Mr. H. J. Carter also sent for examination his col-
lection of the family (including types), and Mr. J. A. Kershaw
sent specimens belonging to the National Museum.

I am acquainted with all the species of the family recorded
from Australia except the following : —

1. Oedemera bivittata, Boi. There are several species of
Oxacis and Copidita before me that agree with the very brief
description of this species. The late Rev. T. Blackburn guessed
that it might have been founded upon the species subsequently
named Copidita bipartita by Champion (unknown to him, as
it is to myself). But it seems best (as suggested by him) t
disregard the name. :

2. Oedemera brevicornis, Boi. The original description of
this species, “Nigra, thorace foveolato; elytris subruguloso-
pilosis,”’ combined with the implication from its specific name,
will fit only Zschnomera sublineata of the Oedemeridae before
me. Without the implication of its name it would also fit
the black variety of Techmessa ruficollis. But it would be
absurd to identify any species, as brevicornis, without addi-
tional particulars to those of the original description.

3. Asclera mansueta, Newm. When describing Dohrma
miranda Newman commented upon “Asclera mansueta, a
widely-distributed New Holland species, which is familiar to
all collectors.” The original locality given was Australia. I
have not, to my knowledge, seen mansweta, and it was not
represented in the Blackburn collection. The only species
under examination with four black prothoracic spots in the
positions noted—‘“‘2 minoribus anticis distantibus, 2 majoribus
positicis subapproximatis’—is Copidita litoralis, of which I
have seen a fair number of specimens from Tasmania and
King Island, and that species differs from the description in
having the elytra not black but metallic-green, and with more
than two of the antennal joints longitudinally divided in
colour.

273

[Since the above was written Mr. Blair, of the British
Museum, has written that the type of mansweta is unique in
that institution, and in the Register is noted as from “New
Holland, north and north-west coast’; he has also supplied
the following description: —‘‘Eyes wide apart, rather more
so than in atkinsom (now referred to Jschnomera), not very
prominent. Head behind antennae greenish-black, front part
testaceous with piceous labrum. Thorax reddish-testaceous
with two pairs of dark spots, one smaller lateral at about
4 length, other larger dorsal at about # length; also a pair
of large round depressions on fore part of disc; finely and
sparsely punctured. Elytra greenish-black with dense grey
pubescence, densely and finely punctate. Underside (except
prothorax) greenish-black with grey pubescence. Femora
reddish-testaceous, fuscous at apex, tibiae and tarsi dark, the
former paler towards base. Antennae incomplete, black, basal
joints lighter, second joint half as long as third, the latter
a little longer than first. Mandibles apparently pointed, not
bifid; maxillary palpi, last joint widest in middle, about
one and one-half times as long as broad.” If the mandibles
are really not simple, this description makes it clear that the
species is really a synonym of Copidita litoralis, of which it
has precedence; and probably the locality given (for
mansueta) was wrong. |

4. Comdita bipartita, Champ. Evidently close to torrida,
from which it apparently differs in the markings and more
sharply defined costae of elytra. As it was from Roebuck
Bay it is extremely improbable that it was founded upon
Ocdemera bivittata (a guess of Blackburn’s). |

5. Pseudananca ruficollis, Blackb. The type of this
species was unique in the Blackburn collection, and is now
in the British Museum. It was referred to the Oedemeridae
with doubts, and is the smallest Australian species referred to
the family. There is nothing approaching the description in
any of the collections of Heteromera to which I have had
access.

Following is a catalogue of the described Australian
species; when the species is given in Masters’ Catalogue his
numbers, given in parentheses, have been considered sufficient
references up to the date of that catalogue : —
PskupDoLycus,~Guer: Ann. Soc. Ent.) Fr:, 1833, p.’ 155;

Lacord.: v., p. 708; Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1895, p. 247; Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1899,
p. 84.

HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab. (Lycus, 4414); Champ.: l.c.,

Pp.) 240 eeaackb.: /.c., peo seuea> Proc. Roy. Soc.
Vict. 4307p. 169. NS) Wales: Vict. ; Tas. ;.King
Island.

274

var. atratus, Guer. (4411).
Oedemera luctuosa, Boi. (Ananca, 4405); Blackb. :
Lickpensor
var. cinctus, Guer. (4412).
var. marginatus, Guer, (4415) ; Blaticy! | be. pn8G:
var. rufipennis, Cart.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1905.-p.) 188;
HAEMOPTERUS, Guer. (4413); Blackb.: J.c., p. 86. N.S.
Wales; Vict.; Tas.; King Island.
var. elegantulus, Blackb.: ?.c., p. 86.
var. puberulus, Blackbl:(Wicsip. 87 ; Carts (ie; putes:
var. montanus, Cart.: 1.c., p. 187.
viTticotiis, Macl. (/Ananca, 4409). Q’land.
HILARIS, Blackb. (Comdita): l.c., p. 76. N.S. Wales;
Wiokes Tas.
TORRIDUS, Blackh. sO el SOW, pte Gr te aad,
WALLACEI, Lea: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1908, p.. 82.
N.S. Wales.

MoRPHOLYCUS, Nn. g.

APICALIS, Macl. (Pseudolycus, 4410). Q’land; N.S.
Wales.

Acasma, Newm.: Zool., App., exvi.; Lacord.: iv., p. 414;
Lea: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.;, 1908, p. 250.

SEMICRUDUM, Newm. (3444). Q’land; N.S. Wales.

DaneERcES, Westw.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 228;
Lea: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1904, p. 100.

BIcoLoR, Lea: /.c., p. 100. "Q7land.

TecumeEssa, Bates: Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874 (4), xu.,
p. 113; Champ. Trans, Ent) Soce Bond... 1695, pee
Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 1899, p. 84.

RUFICOLLIS, Champ,: /.c.,,pi9220..) N.S. Wales; Victs;
Tas.
NacEerpes, Schmidt: Linn. Ent., 1., p. 28; Lacord.: v.,
oon
5 MELANURA, (50) Linn.: Fn. Suec., 1761, p. 205; Blackb.:
Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1899, p. 78. (Intro-
duced.) N.S. Wales; Vict.; S. Austr.

PsEuDANANCA, Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1893,

on plestoy
RUFICOLLIS, Blackbix 1c.) p.ioo.. N.S. Wales,

Dournia, Newm.: Zool., 1851, App., p. cxxxi.; Lacord.:
v., p. 717; Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 246;
| Blackb. : Trans, Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 1899. Pp. Gh.

(30) Numerous synonyms are noted in Venue ad Havold,
p. 2171.

275

MIRANDA, Newm. (4417); Champ.: l.c., p. 246. N.S.
‘Wales; Vict.; Tas.

Ithaca anthina, Oll.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1888, p. 152.

BOISDUVALI, Blackb. (Ananca): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1893, p. 187; Trans. Roy. Soc., 1899, pv. 77
(Dohrnia). N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.

Silis australis, Blackb.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1891, p. 530.
var. D. simplex, Champ.: l.c., p. 246. .

EREMITA, Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1899,
Pprie.” \ Viet:

Iscunomera, Schmidt: Linn. Ent., 1., p. 51; Lacord.: v.,

PA.

: ATKINSONI, Waterh. (Sessenia): Cist. Ent., ii., p. 228.
N'S. Wales: Vict.; Tas.
Asclera atkinsoni, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
1895, p. 244.
SUBLINEATA, Waterh. (Sessimia): Cist. Ent., u1., p. 229;
“ Blackb..:; Trans. Roy. Soc:(S.) Austr., 1893, <p. 135.
N.S). Wales 3° Vict.;:Tas;
Asclera sublineata, Champ.: l.c., p. 245.

MANSUETA, Newm. (4416). Austr.

Copipita, Lec.: New Sp. Col., 1866, p. 164; Champ.: Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 241; Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc.
SsAustr, 1899; p: 70:

punctTa, W. 8S. Macl. (4407, Oedemera, W. 8S. Macl. ;
Ananca, Mast. Cat.) ; Lacord.: Atlas, pl. lx., fig. 1
(in error as Pseudolycus marginatus); Champ. :
he pe 242, ) Q’land;. N.S.) Wales); . Vict: > Tas..;
SeAusiri: W.- Austr.’

NIGRONOTATA, Boh. (4406); Champ.: /.c., p. 242. N.S.
Wales; Vict.; Tas.; 8S. Austr.; Lord Howe
Island.

RUFICOLLIS, Macl. (dnanca, 4408). Q’land; N.S. Wales:
S. Austr.

dentipes, Blackb.: l.c., p. 77.

MACLEAYI, Champ.: /.c., p. 242. Tas.

TORRIDA, Champ.: /.c., p. 243. N.-W. Austr.; N. Terr.

BIPARTITA, Champ.: /.c., p. 244; Blackb.: J.c., p. 75.

N.-W. Aust.
BALDIENSIS, Blackb.: /.c., 1899, p. 73. N.S. Wales;
Vict.

KERSHAWI, Blackb.: l.c., p. 74. Vict.

SLOANEI, Glackb.:’/:c., p. T4: “INeS>> Wales; Vict.; S.
Austr.

LANGUIDA, Blackb.: J.c., p. 75. Q’land; N.S. Wales.

276

PULCHRA, Blackbycd:c.; p. 162) INS. Walless) Vict:
LITORALIS,: heac> Proc. Roy iSoct av ict: -1907, price:
Tas.; King Island.
Oxacis, Lec.: New Sp. Col., 1866, p: 165; Blackb.: Trans.
Roy ..Soc,ieyeA user.) 1899, sais:
AUSTRALIS, Boi. (Oedemera, 4402); Blackb.: l.c., p. 78.
S. Austr.; Vict.
LATERALIS, Macl.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, p.
; 325 (Ananca). Q’land.
Z1ETZI, Blackb.: J.c., 1895, p. 56 (Ananca); 1899, p. 79.
S. Austr.
INQUISITOR, Blackb.: /.c., p. 80. N.-W. Austr.
ORNATIPENNIS, Blackb.: J.c., p. 80. N.-W. Austr.
CAVICEPS, Blackb.: /.c:, p. 81. N.-W. Austr.
LINEARIS, Blackb.: f.c., p. 82. W. Austr.
OEDEMERA, Oliv.: Entom., in., 1795, No. 50.
BIVITTATA, Boi. (Ananca, 4403). Austr.
BREVICORNIS, Boi. (Ananca, 4404). Austr.

PSEUDOLYCUS.

Several species of this genus are abundant in Australia
and Tasmania, and vary in colour in exactly the same ways
as species of Metriorrhynchus and Trichalus, of the Mala-
codermidae, do, and with which they are frequently associated
on flowering shrubs; the exoskeleton is also somewhat soft
as in the JMalacodermdae, so that the apparent width of
specimens appears to be subject to alteration as the specimens
dry up. Several species of similarly-coloured longicornes may
also be found in their company. As the Malacodermidae are
usually much more abundant than the others, it is to be pre-
sumed that with the Psewdolyci, etc., the resemblance is a
protective one. In consequence of the great variation in
colour and size several varietal forms have been named as
distinct species, and several varieties have been noted by
Champion and Blackburn. The colours of the new species
have been described as they were found on the types, but it
is very probable that, as with all others of which I have seen
long series, they are variable, and not to be too much
depended upon.

PSEUDOLYCUS HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab.
Var. atratus, Guer. (luctuosus, Boi.).
Var. cinctus, Guer.

Var. marginatus, Guer.
Var. rvfipennis, Cart.

This is the most variable and abundant species of the
genus in Tasmania, but it occurs also in New South Wales,

277

_ Victoria, and King and Flinders Islands. In both sexes (1!)
the antennae have the second to seventh joints flat and
strongly triangularly dilated, and the eleventh joint appar-
ently divided into two (on many specimens the antennae
appear to be truly twelve-jointed). The pronotum varies to a
slight extent in comparative width, both sexually and indi-
vidually, 2) and has a large irregular depression towards each
side, and a subtriangular medio-basal one; the latter is
bounded by two ridges that meet or almost meet about the
middle, and these were used by Blackburn as the main
dividing feature of the genus:—“‘A. Prothorax having two
ridges, which diverge obliquely hindward from the middle of the
median line enclosing a triangular depression (antennae uni-
colorous).” (5) Jn the figure by Champion the triangular space
is rather too sharply defined, however. Blackburn referred
three species to A, but I am convinced that all the specimens
he so referred (these presumably are in the South Australian
Museum and now before me), and all others before me that
would be referred to A, belong to but one species.

In commenting upon /uctwosus as a distinct species (but
with elytra varying as those of haemorrhoidalis) Blackburn
attached considerable importance to the basal joint of the hind
tarsi being “invariably whitish-testaceous” ; but the specimens
before me vary from those having the basal joint entirely
black to those having its base conspicuously pale (sometimes
almost white); the clothing of the base also varies as its sup-
porting portion.

A. Prothorax entirely black.

HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab. (typical). Entirely black except
that the tips of the elytra are reddish (the reddish portion
may be evenly curved or slightly encroached upon by the
black tips of the elevated lines). This, although the typical
form of the species, is rather rare; one specimen has the red
advanced along the outer margins half-way to the base, but
not along the suture; it was standing in the Blackburn col-
lection with specimens of marginatus.

Var. atratTus, Guer. (luctuosus, Boisd.). An entirely
black form (except -that there is the usual variation in colour

(31) The subapical segment of the abdomen is conspicuously
notched in the middle of its apex in the male.

(32) The prothorax is slightly longer in the male than in the
female, but its length appears to alter on specimens according as
to whether these have the prothorax closely applied to or partly
free from the head and elytra; but usually the smaller specimens
are narrower and with the prothorax less transverse than in the
larger ones.

(33) The antennae are not always unicolorous, the lower parts
of the three basal joints being sometimes pale.

278

of the basal joint of the hind tarsi). The type was from
King Island (whence both Mr. J. A. Kershaw and I have
taken it), but it occurs also in Victoria. After commenting (54
upon the exact agreement of the description of luctwosus with
atratus, Blackburn nevertheless assumed (5) that it was a dis-
tinct species, closely allied to haemorrhoidalis, but differing in
the colours of the hind tarsi, these not even being mentioned
in the original description © of Juctwosus; in any case (as
above noted) the colour of the basal joint is not to be relied
upon.

Var. cinctus, Guer. In this variety the suture (except
close to the base), outer margins, and tips of the elytra are
reddish, the red usually somewhat dilated on the shoulders
and tips. It was described as from King. Island, and the
specimens before me are from King Island and Tasmania.

Var. RUFIPENNIS, Cart. This is the most abundant
variety of the species, and the one figured by Champion as a
variety of conctus.” Both Champion and Carter described
the elytra as being uniformly red (or ferruginous) ; on many
specimens, however (and including the type 8) of rufipennis ),
the elytral suture is narrowly dark at the base, and
sometimes is narrowly dark throughout. On the type
of rufipenms the hind tarsi are entirely dark, but the lower
parts of the three basal joints of antennae are not entirely
black; on many other specimens of the variety, however, the
antennae are entirely black, and the hind tarsi not so. A
specimen from Mount Wellington has a fairly wide sutural
space at the base conspicuously black, with the second costa
for a short distance black, and the third hghtly infuscated
about the base. Two specimens from Hobart (taken im cop.)
are rather more robust and the elytra more convex and paler
than usual, but with the suture conspicuously black to well
beyond the middle.

Var. COSTIPENNIS, n. var. A form is fairly common in
Tasmania in which the costal elevations of the elytra (except

(34) Ante, 1899, p. 84.

(35) [.é., p. 85.

(56) Atra, thorace rugoso; elytris costatis, antennis com-
planatis.

(57) In Champion’s reference to haemorrhoidalis he described
as a variety of that species a form having “the elytra with the
apex, suture, and outer margins ferruginous’”’ (this form is really
typical of the variety cinctus); and he described as a variety of
cinctus a form having ‘‘the elytra entirely ferruginous,’’ this
form being the one he figured (pl. vi., fig. 10), although the refer-
ence to the plate is apparently given for the variety of
haemorrhoidalis. He, however, correctly assumed that they were
all forms of one species.

(38) Kindly lent for examination by Mr. Carter.

279

the outer one on each side near the base) are entirely reddish,
but the interspaces between the first and fifth are blackish, or
at. least deeply infuscated. This form varies towards rufi-
pennis on the pale side, and towards haemorrhoidalis on the
dark side; some of the connecting forms have the black in
irregular blotches and partly occupying even the costae. A
typical male of this variety was taken on Bruni Island in cop.
with a typical female of haemorrhoidalis. Another specimen
of it was taken on Flinders Island in company with one of
haemorrhoidalis, and another of rufipennis.

AA. Prothorax not entirely black.

Var. MARGINATUS, Guer. This variety was described as
the type of the genus (at least it was the first form referred
to Pseudolycus, and the only one figured by Guerin), and
represents another very variable section of the species, differ-
ing from the first by the prothorax being of two colours
instead of uniformly black. It was described from Port Jack-
son, and the specimens before me were taken from Dorrigo
(New South Wales) to the Victorian Alps. In commenting
upon it Blackburn ‘°° said it was “‘a wider, more depressed,
and more fragile-looking species than either of the preceding
(haemorrhoidalis and luctuosus), but the only specimen in his
collection bearing his name-label marginatus (40) is structurally
like a rather thin form of haemorrhoidalis, and the original
figure represents a thin form. Structurally specimens of this
variety agree exactly with those of other varieties, and the
slight variations in the shape of the prothorax are exactly
paralleled in those varieties; but the basal joint of the hind
tarsi appears to be invariably pale at the base.

1. The typical form of the variety has from the middle of .
the base of the pronotum a wide (often subtriangular) black
space, extending to the apex ; there is also a black space (some-
times in the form of an isolated spot) on each side; there is
thus left a very irregular flavous, or reddish, vitta on each
side, extending from the base to the apex. On the elytra
the outer margins, apex, and suture (to a variable extent, I
have not seen it pale throughout) are also pale. Some speci-
mens of this form have elytra approaching those of
haemorrhordalis. |

2. Two females are rather wider than usual, and with the
reddish parts of the elytra confined to the tips (but slightly
advanced along the elevated parts) and shoulders.

BIOL 6.; “p86.

(40) There was, however, an unusually wide female of Form 2 of
the variety in his collection, but without a label of any kind.

280

3. Like the variety costepennis, except that the pro-
thorax is bicolorous.

4. Like the variety rufipennis, except that the prothorax
is bicolorous. One specimen that might be referred to this
form has the red areas of the pronotum greatly reduced in
size and not extending to the base.

PSEUDOLYCUS HAEMOPTERUS, Guer.

Var. elegantulus, Blackb.
Var. puberulus, Blackb.

Var. montanus, Cart.

There is nothing in the original description of
haemopterus to distinguish it from some forms of haemorr-
hoidalis (i.e., var. rufipennis, with the suture distinctly
dark), but as Blackburn has identified a species as haemop-
terus, that agrees with the description and is certainly
distinct from haemorrhoidalis, I shall presume his identifica-
tion to be correct till proved to the contrary: But this species
is also extremely variable in colour, and may be similarly
divided into sections by the prothorax being unicolorous or
bicolorous. ‘The sexes are sharply defined by the antennae,
those of the female having the third to fifth joints strongly,
and the sixth and seventh moderately inflated, whilst in
the male no joint is conspicuously inflated.) The male
has the apical segment of the abdomen strongly sculptured,
while in the female it is simple; the male also is generally
smaller and thinner than the female, and with the prothorax
distinctly longer. Considerable variation occurs in the sculp-
ture of the prothorax; there is generally (especially on the
narrower forms) a conspicuous median carina extending from
the apex almost to the base, but on many specimens not even
extending to the middle; whilst on several specimens (especi-
ally the wider ones) it is represented by a flattened space only,
a median carina being completely absent. There is always
a large depression on each side towards the apex, and gener-
ally a smaller one (sometimes completely absent, or at least
concealed by clothing) on each side of the middle of the base ;
the two sub-basal ones are occasionally connected together,
and occasionally the two on each side are obscurely connected
together. On all the forms the antennae have the eighth-
tenth joints pale at the base (on the tenth the pale basal por-
tion is often scarcely defined), and the eleventh semidouble,
but apparently never quite distinctly divided into two joints,

(41) Blackburn correctly noted the sexual differences in the
antennae, but these were incorrectly noted by Carter for montanus ;
there are several pairs (taken in cop.) before me.

281

as it frequently is in haemorrhoidalis. The type was some-
what doubtfully recorded from Australia; the specimens
before me are from Queensland (Mount Tambourine), New
South Wales (Bulli, Illawarra, Gosford, Forest Reefs, Galston,
Sydney, Ben Lomond, Blue Mountains, Mount Irvine, and
Mount Victoria), Victoria (Flinders, Jameson, Warragul,
Warburton, Macedon,‘42) Alps, and Dividing Range), and
South Australia (Mount Lofty).

A. Prothorax entirely black.

HAEMOPTERUS, Guer. (typical). In his collection Black-
burn had many forms correctly standing as one species, and
of these two bear his name label haemopterus; these two are
black, the elytra reddish, with a narrow black vitta on each
close to the suture, and extending from one-third to two-
thirds the length of the elytra, and slightly nearer the apex
than the base; this form (of which there are nine specimens
and both sexes before me) is here regarded as the typical
one, as in the original] description the elytra are described as
being “d’wn jaune ferrugineux et la suture finement bordée
de noir.”

Var. MonTANUS, Cart. On this variety the elytra are
black, with the apex, shoulders, and a narrow connecting
line on the fifth (counting one on the suture) costa on each
elytron reddish (the extreme outer margins from the base to
beyond the middle are black, but from above the whole of the
margins appear to be reddish).

Var. A, n. var. Numerous specimens differ from mon-
tanus in having the red of the fifth costa on each elytron
extending a variable distance, but never to the base; and
the shoulders not red. This form was commented upon (but
mot indexed in any way) by Blackburn, and he had at least
four specimens of it.

AA. Prothorax not entirely black.

Var. PUBERULUS, Blackb. Apparently only one speci-
men (now in the British Museum) of this form was known
to Blackburn, although he considered it would probably be
variable. In generai appearance typical specimens of the
form are close to typical ones of haemopterus, except that the
prothorax is reddish with a black trident-shaped mark (as
viewed from the front); the middle tine of this appears to
end in the scutellum, the lateral ones, from directly above,
appear to end about the middle, but from the side each is
seen to extend to the base. Numerous specimens of the
variety before me vary from having strong impressions and a
conspicuous median carina, to those in which (as on the type)

(42) Including the type of montanus.

282

the depressions are feeble and the median carina absent.
The large reddish, densely-clothed spaces vary considerably in
size, but apparently never quite meet at the base; on an
occasional specimen they are obscurely connected with the
apex, but on one female (from Forest Reefs) are widely con-
tinuous from base to apex. On another female (from Mount
Tambourine) the patches are rather short, but the apex of
the prothorax has two slight disconnected patches in line
with the others; on this specimen also the elytra are without
black vittae close to the suture, but the suture itself, adjacent
to their positions, is black. A male (from Macedon) has the
prothoracic patches much smaller than usual, with the depres-
sions very conspicuous and the median carina unusually acute.

Var. ELEGANTULUS, Blackb. Only one specimen of this
variety was known to Blackburn, but he considered it also
would be variable. He relied upon the shape of the pro-
thorax to distinguish it from others of the genus, but this is
not to be relied upon. On the type the prothorax was
described as having a black median vitta and a black spot
on each side, and the elytra as being black with three narrow
vittae: the suture and a stripe along the fifth (counting the
sutural) costa on each elytron. Of this form I have seen but
two specimens, both males, as was the type; three females
have similarly-coloured elytra, but the entire apex of the pro-
thorax is black with three tines proceeding from it, as on
puberulus.

Var. B, n. var. ‘ Prothorax with two conspicuous red-
dish patches of variable extent, but leaving a trident-shaped
black mark; elytra with shoulders, apex, and sides conspicu-
ously red and part of the suture red. On this form the
extreme margins of the elytra towards the base, as seen from
the sides, are black, but the black is concealed from above.
A male of the variety was taken in cop. with a female of
puberulus by Mr. Carter, who also had another male of it
mounted with another female of montanus. A female, from
the Dividing Range, has similar elytra, but with the pro-
thoracic markings reduced to narrow longitudinal vittae on
the apical two-thirds, but not’ quite touching the tip. A
male, from Dorrigo, has similarly coloured prothorax to the
Dividing Range specimen, but the humeral and apical mark-
ings of the elytra are quite disconnected. Two females, from
the Blue Mountains, have the reddish prothoracic patches
unusually large, but not quite touching the apex, and the
black parts of the elytra almost confined to parts of the inter-
stices between the costae.

Var. C, n. var. A male, from Gosford, has the red
prothoracic patches continuous from base to apex, and the

283

elevated parts of the elytra entirely pale, so that there appear
to be four narrow infuscate vittae extending from near the
base to near the apex of each elytron; but the basal half
of each lateral margin (not visible from above) is entirely
black.

PSEUDOLYCUS WALLACEI, Lea.

In the original description of this species the first joint
of the antennae was described as being “as long as the eye
and much shorter’’ (narrower, of course, should have been
used instead of shorter‘. The sutural costa on each elytron
diverges from the suture near the base, and curves round to
join in with the first discal costa at its base, and this char-
acter in itself is sufficient to distinguish it from all other
species known to me, but the clothing of the abdomen is also
very distinctive, and the eleventh joint of the antennae is not
semidouble. Mr. Carter took three specimens (at Acacia
Creek, in New South Wales) of the species, but they are all
considerably smaller than the type and all different in colour.
One of his specimens has the prothorax black, and elytra
black except for a reddish streak on each side, commencing
on the shoulder and ending on the side well beyond the
middle; the others have the elytra entirely reddish, and the
sides of the prothorax reddish with the dark discal portion
dilating to the base; on one specimen the dark portion is
black, but on the other it has a conspicuous purplish gloss.

PSEUDOLYCUS TORRIDUS, Blackb.

Only the type of this species (now in the British Museum)
was known to Blackburn; but two, somewhat larger, speci-
mens were taken by Mr. Hacker at Brisbane (his No. 466).
The species is very distinct by the red middle of its pronotum
and by its continuously flattened antennal joints (after the
second) ; the eleventh joint is semidouble, but less conspicu-
ously so than in haemorrhoidaiis. There are also two speci-
mens of the species in the Australian Museum from Wide
Bay, and one of these has the median vitta of the pronotum
considerably enlarged and the black basal markings with
vermiculate encroachments of red.

PSEUDOLYCUS HILARIS, Blackb. (formerly Copidita).

In his table of the Oedemeridae Blackburn separated
Comdita from Pseudolycus on account of the antennae, and
further divided Copidita into the typical and three sub-
sections; of these subsection 1 consisted of but one species,
hilaris. Apparently of this species he had but two speci-
mens (and one sex, the male) before him: the type (now in

284

the British Museum) and a co-type (now in the South Aus-
tralian Museum), and these have rather thin antennae; the
female has considerably stouter antennae, although no joint is
conspicuously flattened, but a few of them are not quite
cylindrical in section. Structurally the species appears to be
a Pseudolycus, and I have no hesitation in referring it to that
genus; it is to be noted that according to Blackburn’s generic
table the male of P. haemopterus would be referred to
Comdita, and the female to Pseudolycus, The present species
may be readily distinguished from all others of the genus
by its shining glabrous prothorax, with three large depres-
sions: a medio-basal one and a large one towards each side
near apex, each of the latter encroached upon by a conspicuous
black elevation; the apical joint of the antennae is semi-
double, with the tip paler (sometimes not by much) than the
base, the elytral suture (including that of the co-type) is
narrowly black from the base to well beyond the middle. It
is (for the genus) singularly constant in colour, of thirty-
eight specimens before me (three others are noted as a variety,
however), the only variations being to a slight degree in the
tips of the antennae and in the lower parts of the basal
joints; but one Tasmanian specimen has the base of the pro-
notum obscurely infuscated. The species is widely distributed,
specimens under examination being from New South Wales
(Dorrigo, Ben Lomond, Tamworth, Forest Reefs, and
National Park), Victoria (Jameson), and Tasmania (Laun-
ceston, Devonport, and Ulverstone).

Var. PICTIPES, n. var. Three specimens (including both
sexes, taken by Mr. Carter at National Park) differ from the
common form in having the tip of the antennae no paler than
the basal part (and in consequence the semidoubling less con-
spicuous), the suture no darker than the rest of the elytra,
and all the tibiae pale except at their tips; they are also
rather more conspicuously pilose between the eyes.

PSEUDOLYCUS VITTICOLLIS, Macl. (formerly Ananca).

There are two specimens of this species (including the
type) in the Australian Museum, and they are of one sex
(apparently female). The species belongs to that section of
the genus containing Ailaris and cartert, and in general
appearance the specimens are like rather broad ones of the
latter, but it differs in having the prothorax distinctly wider,
the median vitta almost twice the width, and terminated
before the apex; on one specimen the dark lateral marking
on each side appears as a narrow margin just visible from
above (this specimen is presumably the type); but on the
other there is a conspicuous black vitta or macula on each

285

side in front, even more conspicuous than on hilaris; the
elytra are wider than on cartert, the costae are more pro-
nounced, and the sides are nowhere black qr infuscated. The
mandibles are bifid.

PSEUDOLYCUS CARTERI, Nn. Sp.

¢. Black, shining, prothorax (a black median vitta
excepted), and elytra (parts of the margins excepted) flavous-
red. Moderately pubescent.

Head moderately convex between eyes; with dense and
rather small but sharply-defined punctures. Antennae not
very thin, no joint inflated, eleventh not semidouble. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than wide, sides slightly dilated to near
apex, with a wide shallow depression across apex, and a less
distinct one towards base, at base with a deep but narrow
impression ; with dense, but more or less concealed punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax; each with four discal
costae, of which the third is traceable only beyond the middle,
and the fourth (from above) appears to be marginal, suture
costate to base ; densely granulate-punctate. Length (3d, Q),
7-92 mm.

Q. Differs in having stouter (but not flattened) antennae,
somewhat shorter prothorax, wider elytra, apical segment of
abdomen not triangularly incised at apex (as in the male),
and somewhat shorter legs.

Hab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond, November ;
Gosford, November (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 6665.

A very narrow species, in colour to a certain extent
resembling some varieties of haemopterus, but the prothorax
of very different shape and differently sculptured, the eyes
much more prominent, and the eleventh joint of antennae
not semidouble; its tip is paler than its base, but there is
no false suture, as in haemopterus and most species of the
genus. The female has distinctly stouter antennae than the
male, much as in /Ailaris (except that the apical joint is
simple), to which it is nearer than to any previously-described
species (except vetticollis), but the prothorax is without the
three large impressions of that species, being more undulated
than excavated. The dark parts of the head, prothorax, and
under-surface have a more or less conspicuous greenish gloss,
the prothoracic vitta is almost parallel-sided, the dark parts
of the elytra are entirely marginal and concealed from above,
parts of the palpi, lower parts of some basal joints of the
antennae, and the space on each side between the eye and
mandible are obscurely pale; there is a dark spot on each side
of the prothorax, but it is quite concealed from above. The
specimen from Gosford is a male, and differs considerably

286

in colour from the type, the prothoracic vitta being more
dilated to the base and the elytra black, except that the sides
are pale from the shoulders (there half-way to the suture)
to the apex, and continued very narrowly up part of the
suture; its palpi are almost entirely pale.

PsEUDOLYCUS NIGER, 0. sp.

Q. Black, opaque. Densely pubescent.

Head rather strongly convex between eyes; with dense
and minute punctures. Antennae with third to seventh joints
wide, flat, and triangularly dilated to apex, eighth flat, but
decidedly narrower than seventh, ninth and tenth also flat
but decreasing in width, eleventh conspicuously semidouble
and slightly longer than tenth. Prothorax lightly transverse,
sides widest near apex: with three large excavations: a
medio-basal one and one towards each side in front, the latter
somewhat larger and deeper than the former. Hlytra much
wider than prothorax; each with four rather obtuse, sub-
costal, discal elevations; surface partially concealed but finely
granulate-punctate. Length, 11 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 6651.

At first glance strikingly like the variety atratus, of
haemorrhoidalis, but readily distinguished from that species
by the antennae; these have the eighth joint quite as flat as
the seventh and fully half its width, the ninth and tenth
are also flat. In haemorrhoidalis, and all its varieties, the
eighth-eleventh are cylindrical, and subequal in width; the
apical joints to a certain extent resemble those of torridus
and wallace, but the species is otherwise very different. The
medio-basal depression of the pronotum approaches to a
triangular shape, but less conspicuously so than on haemorr-
hoidalis, the bounding lines being less acutely elevated and not
so straight. The entire insect is of a deep black colour, except
that parts of the muzzle and of the under-surface are very
obscurely diluted with red.

PSEUDOLYCUS CANALICULATUS, Nn. Sp.

gd. Black; prothorax and elytra partly red; elytra sub-
opaque, elsewhere shining. Moderately clothed with short
pubescence, mostly similar in colour to the derm on which it
rests; prothorax glabrous.

Head moderately convex between eyes; punctures minute
and more or less concealed. Antennae with more or
less cylindrical joints. Prothorax lightly transverse,
sides rounded on apical half, incurved on basal half: with a

287

deep and sharply-limited, continuous median groove, moder-
ately wide at base and apex, evenly and gently constricted
in middle; with a large and deep excavation on each side,
posteriorly acutely narrowed, at the side in front encroached
upon by a tubercular swelling; with some irregularly scat-
tered punctures. lytra much wider than prothorax; each
with four discal, subcostal elevations, of which the third is
very feeble and fourth (from above) apparently marginal ;
finely granulate-punctate, but sculpture partially concealed.
Length, 9 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type
(unique), I. 6664. |

This species is certainly congeneric with hilaris, with
which it agrees in its impubescent pronotum, but it differs
from that species, as from all others of the genus, by the
remarkable sculpture of the pronotum, in particular by the
strongly-impressed median line. The median third of the
pronotum is occupied by a black vitta, with somewhat uneven
sides; on the elytra the reddish parts are the base, apex,
sides near apex, shoulders, and the first and fourth discal
costae, with parts of the second and third.

MoRPHOLYCUS, 0. g.

Head of moderate size, strongly narrowed behind the
eyes and with a distinct neck; labrum strongly transverse,
gently rounded in front. Eyes large, prominent, lateral,
entire, finely faceted. Antennae usually serrate or pectinate,
apical joint semidouble. Maxillary palpi with first and third
joints small, the others larger, fourth joint securiform.
Labrum small and soft, with small palpi. Mandibles bifid.
Prothorax transverse, lateral sutures not defined. Scutellum
small and distinct. H/ytra flat, much wider than prothorax,
more or less parallel-sided; epipleurae narrow and continuous
throughout. Mesosternwm produced in front, apex bisinuate
for reception of front coxae. Metasternum elongate, episterna
not very narrow. Abdomen parallel-sided for most of its
length, composed of six segments in the male and five in the
female. Legs moderately long; front coxae basal and
touching, their cavities widely open behind, middle coxae
lightly, the hind ones moderately separated; tibiae lightly
bispinose at apex; tarsi with penultimate joint conspicuously
produced below claw joint; claws each with a large basal
swelling.

This genus is proposed for the reception of Pseudolycus
apicalis, Macl., which, as pointed out by Blackburn (ante,
1899, p. 72), is certainly not a Pseudolycus; he considered
it was probably a Pyrochroid, but said that the differences

288

noted between the Pyrochroidae and Oedemeridae were
rather vague. Associated with it are three other species, one
of which has very different antennae, but in other generic
details is in agreement with it. They differ from all the
Kuropean Pyrochroidae in the Museum in having the eyes
lateral and entire, elytra almost parallel-sided (at any rate
not conspicuously dilated posteriorly), with narrow epipleurae
continuous from base to apex, and with much larger and
more conspicuous punctures. In the various works I have
consulted some latitude appears to be allowed in the claws of.
both families; in the present genus they are certainly not
simple, neither are they bifid, as the basal swelling 1S
nowhere pointed. I consider it belongs to the same family as
Techmessa ruficollis, and as that genus was referred to the
Oedemeridae by Bates and allowed to remain in it by Cham-
pion, it appears desirable to refer the present one to that
family.(4) The species are all flat and winged, and black (or
purplish-black) and rusty red; in general appearance much
like many Lycides, of the Malacodermidae. The clypeus (at
least its front portion) appears to be of the same consistency
as the labrum; that is to say, rather soft. Although the
front coxal cavities are widely open behind, it is usually
necessary to remove a leg to see a cavity clearly, as the front
of the mesosternum is produced on to the base of the pro-
sternum so that each coxa is surrounded partly by the pro-
sternum and partly by the mesosternum. The species may
be tabulated as follows : —

Antennae, not serrate: <..iég ile \eebebicosd) way MOM eOIMNS
Antennae serrate or pectinate.
Elytra with sharply-defined costae Ha ‘ase! esx) COSTUDERANS
Elytra with vaguely-defined elevations.
Prothorax entirely pale 2 eae anes. 2 Nels Meas eRrataconnes
Prothorax (partly blacks: S52 Ga. bow apremtes

MoRPHOLYCUS APICALIS, Macl. (formerly Pseudolychus ).

There are two specimens (including the type) of this
species in the Australian Museum ;‘*4) they were described as
being black except for part of the elytra, but both have the
prothorax obscurely reddish at the sides. They are males,
and have the antennae strongly serrated or subpectinate after
the second joint; the eleventh joint (missing from the types)

(43) In his recent, revision of the Pyrochroidae (Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., 1914) Blair states definitely that P. apicalis, Mael.,
belongs to the Oedemeridae, and some of the family characters he
gives: eyes emarginate for the insertion of the antennae, and
claws simple certainly exclude it from the Pyrochroidae.

(44) And I have seen others from Mount Tambourine and the
Tweed River.

289

is distinctly longer than the tenth and semidouble, the “three
or four (there are three discal ones on each elytron) slightly
elevated longitudinal lines” of the elytra are not costae, but
vague elevations, between. which the surface is vaguely
depressed, The female differs from the male in. having shorter
antennae, with the joints much less conspicuously serrated
and the eleventh stouter; the eyes, also, are not quite so
prominent.

Var. 1. Two specimens, from Moreton Bay, in the Aus-
tralian Museum, and two taken by Mr. Hacker (his No. 456)
at Mount Tambourine, differ from the types in having the
prothorax conspicuously pale at the sides (the colour there
being similar to that of the elytra), the elytra have an
infuscate stain (of variable extent) on part of the suture (the
stain on two specimens is sub-basal, but on one it is smaller
and submedian); the sides near the base are lightly infus-
cated. From all these specimens the black apical patch of
the typical form is absent.

Var. 2. A female, from Illawarra, in Mr. Carter’s col-
lection, has the prothorax as in Var. 1, but with the elytra
black, except for a narrow vitta extending from each shoulder
to the apex, and there curved round and extended along (but
not actually on) the suture to about the middle.

MoRPHOLYCUS SERRATICORNIS, 0. sp.

3. Black; muzzle and base of head, prothorax,
shoulders, and trochanters of a more or less flavous-red.
Clothed with short, depressed pubescence, more noticeable
on the reddish parts than elsewhere.

Head densely and sharply punctate; with a vague
depression between antennae. Antennae passing hind coxae,
first joint rather short and stout, second small and ‘trans-
verse, third-tenth strongly serrate, eleventh decidedly longer
than tenth. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides evenly
rounded, base and apex subequal, but the base lightly tri-
sinuate; with a deep longitudinal excavation and a strong
curved depression on each side; punctures dense, but rather
small and partially concealed. LElytra flat, about one-third
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex;
each with three vaguely elevated not at all costate lines; with
crowded punctures as on head. Length, 8-84 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and A.
M. Lea). Type, I. 6654.

Structurally rather close to apicalis, but the antennae
are serrate rather than pectinate, the serrations being more
pronounced than on the female of that species, and decidedly
less than on the male; the elytral structure is much the

‘K

290

same, but the longitudinal elevations are even less defined.
The two males in the Museum are exactly alike in colour.

MoRPHOLYCUS COSTIPENNIS, N. sp.

¢. Black; parts of prothorax and elytra (except apical
third) of a rusty red. Sparsely pubescent, the elytra almost
entirely glabrous.

Head and antennae much as in the preceding species.
Prothorax lightly transverse, sides somewhat unevenly
rounded, base lightly trisinuate ; with a wide and conspicuous
but not very deep median line, and with a somewhat shallower
depression on each side; punctures dense and sharply defined.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, very feebly dilated pos-
teriorly ; each with four acute discal costae, the suture and
margins also narrowly elevated; punctures much as on pro-
thorax. Length (3, 2), 85-10 mm.

Q. Differs in being somewhat wider, antennae shorter
and less strongly serrate, legs slightly shorter, and abdomen
with the tip rounded, and without the small and notched
sixth segment of the male.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (H. J. Carter
and H. Hacker); New South Wales: Tweed River (Black-
burn’s collection, from R. Helms). Type, I. 6656.

In general appearance the type is very close to the
typical form of ajicalis, but the elytra are acutely costate
and the antennae are much less acutely serrate. The longi-
tudinal impressions of the pronotum are not so deep as on
the preceding species, but the punctures are almost as large
as on the head, instead of considerably smaller. On the type
the prothorax is red, but with a large circular black discal
patch, its elytra have the black apical portion slightly
advanced along the suture; a second male closely agrees with
it in colour, except that the apical black patch of the elytra
is somewhat larger. A female (mounted with the type male)
has the black disca! patch of the pronotum irregularly con-
nected with the apex, and its elytra entirely red, except for
a narrow posterior infuscation of the suture; another female
has similar elytra, but the black prothoracic patch so ex-
tended as to leave only a narrow reddish strip at the base.

MorPHOLYCUS MONILICORNIS, N. sp. }

3. Black, with a more or less purplish gloss; elytra
purple, with the base, apex, and sides red, the red partly
advanced along the suture. Sparsely pubescent, but the
sides with moderately long, straggling hairs.

_Head with crowded and_ sharply-defined punctures.
Antennae rather short and stout, first joit rather short,

291

second small, third about as long as first, and slightly longer
than fourth, the others to tenth feebly increasing in width
and not at all serrate, eleventh slightly longer than tenth,
its tip slightly produced. Prothorax moderately transverse,
sides irregularly rounded, base lightly trisinuate; with a
wide and fairly deep longitudinal excavation in middle, each
side with an irregular impression becoming foveate in the
middle; punctures slightly larger than on head, but not quite
so crowded. Jlytra almost twice the width of prothorax,
parallel-sided except at base and apex; each with three
irregularly-elevated lines, fairly distinct but not costate ; with
rather large, deep, and crowded punctures. Length (d, @),
8-12 mm.

_ Q. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes not quite so
prominent, antennae somewhat stouter, and in the tip of the
abdomen. 2

Hab.—New South Wales: Bulladelah, under rotting
bark of logs (H. J. Carter), Burrawang (T. G. Sloane),
Clifton (A. M. Lea); Victoria (National Museum and H. J.
Carter), Warragul (J. C. Goudie, his No. 312). Type, I.
6655. :

Structurally close to serraticorms and agicalis, but with
very different antennae; the claws, also, are more noticeably
appendiculate. The elytra on the eight typical specimens
appear to be completely bordered with red, but on looking
at them from the sides the margins from near the base to
well beyond the middle are seen to be purplish.

Var. 1. Four specimens differ in having the elytra red,
except that the suture is narrowly purple from near the base,
and that the sides (invisible from above) are as on the typical
form.

Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron); Vic-
toria: Alps (Blackburn’s collection), Fernshaw (National
Museum). 3

TECHMESSA RUFICOLLIS, Champ.

This species differs in several respects’ from the original
generic diagnosis (founded upon two New Zealand species), (45)
in which stress was laid on the third joint of the antennae,
“two a little shorter than three, and both obconic; three not
more than half as long as four’; on the type of rwficollis
the third was described as being twice as long as the second,
and the third to tenth subequal (as a matter of fact, the
third is just perceptibly shorter than the fourth); the eyes
of the New Zealand species were noted as “slightly trans-
verse’ (in ruficollis they are not at all transverse), the sides
of the prothorax as “abruptly incurved anteriorly, gradually

(45) Bates: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1874, p. 113.
K2

292

contracted posteriorly” (the type of ruficollis was noted as
having the sides of the prothorax abnormal, but on normal
specimens they are more abruptly narrowed posteriorly than
anteriorly). But no doubt Mr. Champion was satisfied, from
examination of the typical species, that the differences noted
were only specific.

There are five specimens before me that appear to belong
to ruficollis, but the colours of only one of these (from the
Blue Mountains, in Mr. Carter’s collection) agree exactly
with the description. Of the others (all from Tasmania), one
has the knees and tarsi quite as dark as the rest of the legs,
one has the prothorax reddish, but with a large somewhat
circular blackish blotch occupying most of the disc; the other
two are entirely black, except that parts of the legs and
mouth-parts are obscurely piceous; one of these is the speci-
men previously commented upon by Blackburn (ante, 1889,

. 84).
nee TECHMESSA BIFOVEICOLLIS, n. sp.

Black, shining; prothorax, scutellum, prosternum,
mesosternum, muzzle, two basal joints of antennae, palpi,
and legs (tarsi and apical parts of tibiae lightly infuscated)
flavous. Clothed with not very dense, semidecumbent and
upright pubescence or setae, similar in colour to the derm
supporting them.

Head wide, strongly narrowed to base and apex; with
dense and sharply defined, but not very large punctures. Eyes
large, prominent, and lateral. Antennae moderately long,
second joint short, third just perceptibly shorter than fourth,
the others very feebly decreasing in length and very feebly
increasing in width, but eleventh distinctly longer than tenth.
Prothorax distinctly transverse, sides increasing in width from
apex to near middle, and then arcuate to base; with a large
round fovea on each side of middle of disc, and with a rather
shallow median line; punctures dense but not very deep.
Scutellum densely punctate. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to the rounded apex; with dense and
moderately large, sharply-defined punctures. Legs moder-
ately long and thin, penultimate joint of tarsi strongly pro-
duced under claw joint. Length, 4 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6653.

Smaller and more sparsely clothed than rwficollis, and
with more of the legs pale; the head is more convex and
more shining, the antennae shorter (although not much
shorter), with the joints more cylindrical, and the elytral
punctures not quite so crowded. In general appearance it is
like a small /eteromastix, of the Malacodermidae. The elytra

293

are without traces of discal costae. As the abdomen is missing
the sex of the type is doubtful.

Dournia BOISDUVALI, Blackb. (formerly Ananca).

Silis australis, Blackb.
Var. D. simplex, Champ.

This species has been rather unfortunate in its synonymy ;
im 1891 it was described as Szlis australis, of the Mala-
codermidae; in 1893 it was transferred to the genus
Ananca,(®) of the Oedemeridae; but australis being already
im use in that genus, the specific name was altered to
boisduvali. Still later (1899) it was found to be congeneric
with a species (D. simplex) referred by Champion to Dohrma,
and the generic determination was accepted by Blackburn.

There are before me a co-type of bowsduvali, a South Aus-
tralian specimen labelled by Blackburn as boisduvali, and
several other South Australian and Victorian specimens that
agree with them; and numerous Tasmanian specimens (in-
cluding several pairs taken im cop.) of semplex, and I can
only regard simplex as a Tasmanian colour-variety of
boisduvali. In the original description of the latter the pro-
thorax was noted as having “‘lateribus subtus appendiculatis’’ ,
and again, “The downward-directed appendage of the sides
of the prothorax is no doubt characteristic of the male.” But
there is no true appendix; near the base of the prothorax
there is an impressed line, behind which an elevated line
margins the base, and this, when curving downwards on each
side, gives an appearance as of an appendix; it is slightly
more pronounced on boisduvali than on simplex, but is not
sexually variable. In comparing the two forms, Blackburn
stated that boisduvali differed from semplex “by the colouring
of its head and legs,(47) and by its much smaller prothorax,
the sides of which are much more strongly curved behind the
anterior tuberosity, making the segment very much narrower
in the hinder part and the extremities of the base much more
prominent.” But he evidently compared a male of one form
-with a female (48) of the other, as the male of each form differs

(46) Considered by Champion as a probable synonym of
Copidita.

(47) On most specimens the head thas a more or less brassy
gloss, occasionally with a faint bluish tone; but on boisduvali the
front parts become testaceous, and on simplea plain black; on
the former, also, the front tibiae are almost wholly pale, whilst
on the latter they are obscurely pale only at the base; but colour
variations such as these are frequent between Tasmanian and
mainland specimens of many insects.

(48) The sexes may be ‘readily distinguished by the tip of the
abdomen.

294

from its female in the particulars (49) of the prothorax he pre-
sumed to be specific. On the co-type and other specimens of
boisduvali the elytra have an obscure bluish gloss; on simplex
they are deep black (Champion described the elytra as bluish-
black, but they very seldom have the least trace of blue).
The punctures on the elytra of both forms are much denser
than on the head, where they are somewhat denser than on
the prothorax; on the latter they are subject to a certain
amount of variation.

DoOHRNIA EREMITA, Blackb.

The male of this species has the head slightly larger than
in the female, with more prominent eyes and longer antennae,
prothorax smaller and more strongly sculptured, and tip of
abdomen very different. Both sexes superficially strongly
resemble the female of miranda, but may be at once dis-
tinguished by the basal joint of the antennae; in the female
of miranda this joint is quite as long as the distance between
the eyes. In the present species it is scarcely half the distance
between the eyes.

DoHRNIA BIFOVEICOLLIS, N. Sp.

'~Q. Black; head in front of eyes (but not labrum, which
is of a shining black), prothorax, scutellum, under-surface
(except metasternum, abdomen, and a spot on the side of each
eye), legs (parts of tarsi and tips of tibiae infuscated), most
of palpi, and under-parts of from two to four basal joints
of antennae flavous. Moderately clothed (more sparsely on
the head and prothorax than elsewhere) with short, pale,
depressed pubescence.

Head moderately convex; with dense and rather small
but sharply-defined punctures. Eyes large and prominent,
feebly notched in front. Antennae moderately long and not
very thin, eleventh joint distinctly longer than tenth, and
semidouble: Prothorax lightly transverse, sides dilated near
apex ; on each side towards apex with a large deep excavation,
a narrowly-impressed line close to apex, and another close to
base; with rather small and irregularly-distributed, but
sharply-defined punctures. SHlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex; each with two rather
feeble discal costae; with very dense and small punctures.
Claws somewhat swollen near base. Length, 5-6} mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea);
New South Wales (National Museum): Tweed River (W. W
Froggatt). Type, a8. 6652.

(49) They are much more pronounced on some specimens than
on others.

295

The five specimens before me appear to be all females,
and the prothoracic excavations vary slightly on them all.

Copipita puncta, W. S. Macl.

1. On the typical form of this species the head has a
large rounded or elliptic, completely isolated black spot in
front, the pronotum has a large, curved, longitudinal, black
or blackish vitta on each side, and the elytra have ‘the suture
narrowly pale, but the pale portion touches neither the base
nor apex, and is slightly dilated posteriorly, the elytral
margins are usually very narrowly pale, but the pale portion
is sometimes so obscure that it might be regarded as absent.
On the male the abdomen 0 has the second-fourth segments
black;-on the female those segments usually have a black
spot on each side, but occasionally the abdomen is entirely

ale.
: 2. A male, from Lucindale, has the abdomen entirely
pale, and the sutural marking rather wider than usual and
parallel-sided, except at its beginning and end.

3. A male, from Tasmania, differs from the typical
male in having the pale sutural portion considerably wider
than usual, and somewhat dilated at the middle (of the
suture), the disc outside of the dilated portion is also obscurely
longitudinally diluted. |

4. A male, from Lucindale, has the head entirely black
between the eyeg, each of the prothoracic vittae near the
apex directed outwards and then backwards for a short
distance (so as to appear somewhat hook-shaped), the sutural
marking extremely narrow but continuous throughout, and
the abdomen, tibiae, and tarsi black.

5. Three males, from Northern Queensland, have the
head, abdomen, and legs as in No. 4, but the prothorax has
a disconnected spot on each side near the vitta, the elytra
have the suture narrowly but conspicuously pale from the
base almost to the apex, and each shoulder has a small
pale spot.

6. A female, from Galston, has the markings of the
head and prothorax as in No. 4, the elytral suture narrowly
pale throughout, till at the tip it joins in with the conspicu-
ously pale lateral margins, and the abdomen (except the basal
segment and part of the second) blackish.

7. Five females, from Dalby, have the head widely
black between the eyes, the prothoracic vittae rather wider
than usual, the sutural marking commencing very narrowly
at the base, feebly dilated at the middle, and suddenly and

(50) The.abdomen was not mentioned in the original description.

296

more strongly dilated and as suddenly terminated near the
apex; the abdomen has the three apical segments black or
blackish, and the sides of the others similarly coloured. On
this form the head is rather more concave than on languida
(but the degree of concavity appears to be as variable as the
markings), and the subapical marking is at the same place as
on that species, but is rather smaller and not the same shape.

8. Two females, from Mangemup, have the head with
an isolated spot, the prothoracic vittae shorter and wider
than usual (almost pear-shaped), and the sutural vitta wide
and parallel, except that at the base it is slightly dilated
(but leaving a dark semicircular or triangular portion about
the scutellum), and that near the apex it is rather suddenly
terminated, the margins are nowhere paler; the sterna are
flavous, and the abdomen with a more reddish tone and
nowhere black.

The density and size of the prothoracic punctures, the
depth of the prothoracic impressions, the degree of polish,
the comparative widths of the prothorax and elytra, and the
colour of the antennae and metasternum are also subject to
variation; many specimens also have a conspicuous bluish
or purplish gloss on the dark parts. It is the most widely-
distributed species in Australia, specimens before me being
from Queensland (Cairns, Dalby, and Brisbane), New South
Wales (Sydney, Galston, and Mount Koscuisko), Victoria
(Ballarat and Dividing Range), Tasmania (Hobart, Mount
Wellington, Launceston, and Swansea), South Australia
(Lucindale, Mount Lofty, and Kangaroo Island), and
Western Australia (Mangemup).

CoPIDITA RUFICOLLIS, Macl. (formerly Ananca).
C’. dentipes, Blackb.

Of this species there are now eight males and three
females before me. The male has distinctly bifid claws; (>)
on the female each claw has a basal swelling, but it is not
very acute, and terminates some distance from the apex, so
that the claw could not be regarded as bifid. The apical
joint of the maxillary palpi is larger on the male than on
the female, but is otherwise much the same, on both it is
considerably longer than the penultimate joint; but the
sexes may be readily distinguished by the tips of the
abdomen. The colour of the elytra varies from blackish-blue
to deep violet; on some specimens there are vague remnants
of elytral costae, but on others these are not traceable.

(51) The claws are small and close together, so that it is neces-
sary to examine them closely in a good light; but when so viewed
they are quite plainly bifid.

297:

Macleay in error described the mesosternum as black. The
type of ruficollis was from Gayndah, and is a female; the
type of dentipes 52) is evidently a male, and was from an
unknown locality. The specimens now before me are the
type of ruficollis, one from Australia (old collection), three
from Queensland (Mackay and Brisbane), one from New
South Wales (Forest Reefs), and five from South Australia
(Mount Lofty and Myponga).

CoPpIDITA NIGRONOTATA, Boh.
Pixie. 24,

This species varies in length from 10 to 16 mm., and some
specimens are much darker than others. There are nearly
always five small spots on each elytron: one on the shoulder
and four in a line close to the suture at almost equal distances
apart, but. the apical one is seldom as sharply defined as
the others, and occasionally is absent.

CoPIDITA BALDIENSIS, Blackb.

A specimen, from Jenolan, differs from a co-type of this
species in having the prothoracic impressions smaller and
shallower, and the lateral spots much smaller and appearing
more like stains; on the elytra the subelevated lines are even
less defined (on the co-type, although not conspicuously
elevated, they are traceable to near the apex, but on the
Jenolan specimen they are not traceable even to the middle).

CoPIDITA KERSHAWI, Blackb.

The type of this species was described as having ‘‘cagite
ee wn parte postica longitudinaliter canaliculato,’’ and
was said to differ from baldiensis ‘‘by its head strongly canall-
culate in the hinder part.’’ It was originally received from
Mr. Kershaw, of the National Museum, and is now in the
British Museum. I have seen three Victorian specimens from
the National Museum, said by Mr. Kershaw to have been
named by Mr. Blackburn, but not bearing his name labels, (9)
and these agree with the description except that the head is

(52) It was represented in the Blackburn collection by a label
only.
(53) In reply to an enquiry Mr. Kershaw wrote :—‘‘Regarding
Copidita kershawi, I have examined four other specimens, but
cannot find any trace of a longitudinal groove on the back of the
head. The specimen referred to by Blackburn is one of a number
of beetles I sent him about 1899; all those sent were numbered,
and a corresponding number was attached to similar specimens in
our collection; he did not return a specimen, but sent me the
name and number.’’

298

not at all canaliculate; there are also specimens before me
from Queensland (Cloncurry) and New South Wales
(Moruya) that agree with the Victorian specimens. Although
not commented upon under the description of lanquida (the
type of which is in the South Australian Museum) this species
in general appearance is extremely close to it, having very
similar and curious elytral markings; but it differs in having
the three large prothoracic foveae or excavations of that
species represented by shallow depressions only, the pro-
thoracic markings larger and more narrowly separated along
the middle, the head and abdomen immaculate, and all the
joints of the antennae pale at the base.

CoPIDITA LANGUIDA, Blackb.
Pl xi hese 5.26:

The pale markings on this species vary somewhat; the
two dilated spaces starting from the suture are considerably
larger on some specimens than on others, but their outer
edges appear always to terminate on or about the second
discal costa; this costa is pale at the base, and the pale
portion is occasionally narrowly connected with the ante-
median mark; on one specimen it is also connected with the
postmedian mark; the margins are usually narrowly pale
throughout, but occasionally the pale portion extends to
neither base nor apex, sometimes only to the base. The fifth
segment of the abdomen is usually black right across the
middle, but occasionally is spotted at the sides only, each of
the three preceding segments has a conspicuous spot on each
side. Sometimes the eighth joint of the antennae is entirely
pale, and the ninth but little clouded towards its apex, but
the four apical joints (as also the third and fourth) are
subject to considerable variation. The tarsi are partly pale,
and the hind tibiae are pale to a variable extent, but the
pale portion never touches the base or apex, although always
nearer to the latter. There appears to be always a reddish
patch between the eyes. :

CoPIDITA SLOANEI, Blackb.
PI.) xii1., (fies 627.0, 52.

There are several species before me that in general
appearance might be regarded as varieties of sloanei, but
that species may be readily distinguished by the apical joint
of the maxillary palpi of the male; this has a conspicuous
appendix, much as if a small supplementary joint had been
thrust in at the outer edge, near where the two apical joints
touch ; the female (the type must have been a female, as the

299

apical joint was described as “elongato cultriformv’ ) is with-
out this. It was doubtfully recorded as from New South
Wales; the specimens before me are from New South Wales
(Forest Reefs) and South Australia (Lucindale), in addition
to two co-type males.

CopipDITA PULCHRA, Blackb.

The type of this species was unique in the Blackburn
collection, and is now in the British Museum; its sex, unfor-
tunately, was not noted. It was the only species referred by
Blackburn to his second subsection of the genus characterized
by ‘‘apical joint of maxillary palpi scarcely longer than
penultimate’’; in the specific description this was noted as
“quam penultimus parum longiori,’’? and again, ‘‘The short
apical joint of the maxillary ‘palpi.’’

IT have taken, at Forest Reefs, two females that have the
apical joint rather shorter than usual in the genus, although
decidedly longer than the penultimate joint (its inner edge is
_ about the length of that joint, but the outer edge is quite
one-half longer) ; their colours agree exactly with the descrip-
tion, but the elytra are without the ‘‘lineis swbhelevatis 3 pers-
picue instructis’’ of the type; this, however, being a somewhat
variable character in several species of the genus, it is quite
probable that the specimens really belong to pulchra.

Three specimens, from Mount Victoria, agree well with
the colours, except that the elytra are more of a metallic
bluish-green than ‘‘laete cyanevis,’’ and of these a male has
three discal lines on each elytron, but they are fairly distinct
only towards the base; but the apical joint of the maxillary
palpi of both sexes is conspicuously longer than the penulti-
mate, whilst in the male it is of such a curious shape that
had the type been of that sex Blackburn could scarcely have
avoided describing it.

There is still another species, ruficollis, Macl., whose
female would be referred to Subsection II., but its male has
bifid claws, and both sexes have entirely pale femora.

-Copi1DITA MARITIMA, N. sp.

3. Black, with a dull bluish gloss; head (except for
a large oval median spot and the tips of the mandibles),
prothorax (except for a large frontal blotch), part of
scutellum, labial palpi, and parts of legs flavous; four apical
joints of antennae (and sometimes others) also pale. Densely
clothed with short, whitish, depressed pubescence.

Head with several vague impressions; with rather small
but sharply-defined and somewhat irregularly-distributed
punctures ; mandibles bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh

300

joint no longer than tenth, and semidouble. Prothoraxr
slightly longer than wide, widest at about apical third, thence
rather strongly narrowed to base, which has an upturned
edge, and is distinctly incurved to middle; with a vague
depression towards each side in front; punctures somewhat
ason head. Slytra distinctly wider than prothorax, each with
four lightly-raised discal costae; with dense and small sub-
asperate punctures. Length (d, 9), 10-16 mm.

Q. Differs in being wider, tip of abdomen evenly
rounded instead of lightly notched, and legs and antennae
somewhat shorter.

Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (H. J. Carter and
A. M. Lea), Eden (Carter), Wollongong (Lea); Victoria:
Flinders (Carter), Gippsland (W. Kershaw), Inverlock (J.
Searle) ; Tasmania: Georgetown (Carter), Ulverstone (Lea) ;
South Australia: Robe (B. A. Feuerheerdt). Type, I. 6743.

Common on sea-beaches, just above high-water mark,
at night. Allied to puncta and macleayi, but prothorax with
consistently very different markings; the black portion (except .
on a few specimens when it is not quite solid) being in one
piece, not in two as in pwncta, or in three as in macleayt.
There is generally a dark spot close to each eye on the under-
surface of the head, and a transverse blackish stripe in front
of the front coxae, the knees, tarsi, and tips of tibiae (the
greater portion of the front ones) are usually blackish. The
blotch on the pronotum sometimes extends completely across
the apex, but often has a sinuate outline there; its posterior
edge usually has a bilobed median portion extended beyond
the lateral parts; but on many specimens it has small irregular
flavous spots; on an occasional specimen it almost entirely
covers the pronotum; the suture is often narrowly paler
than the rest of the elytra, and on some specimens there is
an obscurely diluted vitta extending almost the whole length
of each elytron near the suture. On one specimen from
Sydney there is a wide pale sutural space from the base to
near the apex, but with a short dark vitta close to the suture
on each side of the base; another specimen from Sydney
(in Mr. Carter’s collection) has the elytra pale, except for a
narrow vitta extending from each shoulder to the apex (where
the two are conjoined), its prothoracic blotch is in two parts
(narrowly connected posteriorly), and five of the terminal
joints of its antennae are pale; the clothing of its suture also
appears conspicuously paler than that on the adjacent parts.

CopiIDITA FUSCICOLLIS, n. sp.

dg. Flavous, elytra (except for part of suture), knees,
tibiae, and tarsi black or blackish, antennae (two basal joints

301

excepted), palpi, tips of mandibles, and pronotum more or less:
deeply infuscated. Moderately clothed with short, depressed,
pale pubescence.

Head wide and lightly concave in front; about base with
dense and moderately large punctures, smaller and sparser
elsewhere; mandibles bifid. Eyes rather large and deeply
notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely
longer than tenth, and not semidouble. Prothoraz slightly
longer than wide, widest near apex, base slightly incurved
to middle and narrowly upturned; with three moderately
large discal impressions: one towards each side in front, and
one in middle towards base; with coarse and rather dense
punctures, denser and smaller on dilated parts than else-
where. JSlytra distinctly wider than prothorax; each with
four lightly-elevated discal costae ; densely granulate-punctate,
Length (3, 2), 12-15 mm.

@. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes slightly
smaller, legs and antennae not quite so long, and tip of
abdomen strongly convex and not notched. |

Hab.—South Australia (Australian Museum): Murray
River (H. 8. Cope). Type (¢), I. 6658, in South Australian
Museum ; co-types (Q @), 38387, in Australian Museum.

The elytra are coloured as on many specimens of puncta,
but the irregularly-clouded prothorax (on which the impres-
sions are different and punctures denser) and immaculate
head readily distinguish it from that species. The prothoracic
punctures are considerably coarser than on maritima, and
there are many other differences in sculpture and colour. The
elytra have a vague bluish gloss, the pale sutural portion
commences very narrowly near the base, and shghtly dilates
to near the apex, near which it rather suddenly terminates.
On one of the specimens in the Australian Museum each
shoulder has an obscure flavous vitta. The infuscation of the
pronotum appears to be formed by four very obscurely-defined
longitudinal vittae or blotches.

e CoPpIDITA MIRA, 0. sp.
Pl. xiii., fig. 53. |

3d. Flavous; sides of prothorax, elytra (suture ex-
cepted), abdomen, knees, tips of mandibles, and parts of palpi
more or less black. Closely covered with, short, depressed,
whitish pubescence.

Head rather long, convex between eyes, with several
vague depressions in front; with rather dense and sharply-
defined punctures of moderate size, but becoming smaller and
sparser in front, and almost absent from clypeus; mandibles
bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely longer

302

than tenth, and conspicuously semidouble. Maxillary palpi
with the apical joint large and thick, its outer side incurved,
inner side oblique and angled, and apex conspicuously in-
curved and hollow. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide,
sides moderately inflated near apex, base distinctly upturned ;
with crowded and sharply defined, but somewhat asperate
punctures. Hlytra conspicuously wider than prothorax; each
with four rather conspicuous discal costae; densely granulate-
punctate. Tip of abdomen deeply bisinuate. Length (¢, @),
8-12 mm.

@. Differs.in having the apical joint of the maxillary
palpi much smaller, with the apex obliquely truncate and
outer side not incurved, the tip of the abdomen rather
strongly produced and not bisinuate, and the legs and
antennae somewhat shorter.

Hab.—Uord Howe Island; New South Wales: Sydney
(A. M. Lea), Gosford (H. J. Carter); Northern Queensland
(Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 6584.

The palpi of the male are very different to those of any
other species known to me. The claws are not simple, as each
has a distinct subdentiform basal swelling, but they are cer-
tainly not “strongly toothed,” as in Blackburn’s third sub-
section of the genus; they are, in fact, almost exactly as on
baldiensis, given as a ‘‘typical’’ Copidita. The spots on the
pronotum are elongate, with a rounded outline internally, at
their greatest width each occupies from one-fourth to one-
third the median width, the pale sutural portion varies from
very narrow to about three interstices on each elytron; the
two apical joints of the palpi are blackish, but the tip of the
apical joint is more or less widely flavous; the tibiae and
tarsi are usually partly infuscated, and on one specimen there
are some vague infuscations on the head; on one specimen
from Sydney, and on another from Northern Queensland, the
abdomen is entirely pale. There are no distinct depressions
on the pronotum,; but the surface is gently undulating.

CoPIDITA INTEROCULARIS, N. sp. ©

dg. Flavous and black. Closely covered with short,
depressed, whitish pubescence.

Head moderately convex between eyes, a shallow depres-
sion in front; with small and rather sparse punctures; man-
dibles bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint no
longer than tenth and feebly semidouble. Prothoraz slightly
longer than wide, sides somewhat dilated near apex, base
narrowly upturned, with a fairly large medio-basal impres-
sion, and a vague depression towards each side in front;
punctures dense and sharply defined but small, becoming

303

smaller and sparser in front. Hlytra distinctly wider thaw
prothorax ; each with four feeble discal costae or remnants of
same; densely and rather finely granulate-punctate. Length
(3, 2), 8-li.mm. :

Q. Differs in being somewhat wider, appendages:
slightly shorter, and tip of abdomen rounded instead of
slightly notched.

Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6585.

In general appearance close to the preceding species, and
belonging to the same section of the genus, but elytral suture
not pale, the head maculate, the metasternum dark, and the
palpi normal. Puncta (also with a maculate head) is a more
polished species, with coarser punctures, elytral suture con-
spicuously pale, prothoracic spots differently placed, and with
many other differences. The prothoracic spots are much as
on some specimens of Owacis australis, but the mandibles are
bifid. In some respects it is close to C. litoralis, but the head
has an isolated spot, the labrum is pale, the prothoracic
spots are different, and the basal joints of the antennae are
not longitudinally divided in colour. The flavous parts are
the head (except for a rounded interocular spot), prothorax
(except for a fairly large rounded spot on each side in front,
and the prosternum in front of the front coxae), and the legs
(except for the knees and parts of the tibiae and tarsi, these
being more or less deeply infuscated) ; from two to five of the
apical joints of antennae are more or less conspicuously
diluted with red; the elytra have a vague bluish or greenish
gloss; the abdomen of the male is transversely red at the
tip, of the*female longitudinally red.

CoPIDITA OBLONGICOLLIS, 0. sp. -

3. Reddish-flavous; elytra dark metallic-blue; head
with a wide median space, a spot on each side near front
of prothorax, mesosternum, metasternum, abdomen (tip
excepted), tips of mandibles and part of apical joint of palpi
black or infuscated. Clothed with short, depressed, white
pubescence, more noticeable on the suture and elevated lines
on elytra than elsewhere.

Head long, flat between eyes and gently concave in front;
with dense but rather small and not very sharply-defined
punctures; mandibles bifid. Eyes rather large, but scarcely
interrupting the general obliquity of the sides. Antennae
moderately long and rather thin, eleventh joint slightly
longer than tenth, and feebly semi-double. Prothoraz dis-
tinctly longer than wide, sides feebly dilated to near apex,
apex and base each distinctly incurved to middle, base lightly
upeurved, with a shallow median line, and a very vague

304

depression towards each side in front; with moderately dense
but small and rather feeble punctures. Hlytra about one-
third wider than prothorax; each with four feeble discal
costae or remnants of same; densely and finely granulate-
punctate or shagreened. Tip of abdomen very feebly notched.
Femora rather stouter than usual. Length, 8-93 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Geraldton (T. Hooper).
Type, I. 6744.

In general appearance at first glance fairly close to
anterocularis, but head narrower, with longer eyes, prothorax
considerably longer, elytra with different clothing, and
appendages entirely pale, or at most in places very lightly
infuscated. From /ztoralis it is still more distinct. The dark
space on the head touches both eyes and extends in front
almost to the clypeus, and at the back a slight distance
beyond the eyes, the spot on each side of the pronotum is
not very large, is somewhat oval in shape and obliquely placed,
with the narrower end inwards. The apical joint of the palpi
is stout and feebly notched near the outer apex, the notch
rendered rather more conspicuous by a few overhanging
setae. There are four males before me, practically identical
in colour and all with the genital armature conspicuous.

CoPIDITA ERYTHRODERES, N. sp.

3. Dark metallic coppery-green or blue; prothorax
reddish-flavous, antennae and scutellum blackish. Moderately
clothed with short, depressed, whitish pubescence; pronotum
almost glabrous. A

Head convex at the back, but flattened between eyes;
with dense and sharply-defined but not very large punctures ;
mandibles bifid. Eyes large and almost entire. Antennae
long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely longer than tenth and
lightly semidouble. Prothorax about as long as wide, sides
moderately inflated near apex, apex evenly rounded, base
gently upturned; with a complete shallow depression across
the disc near apex, and a less regular depression across base ;
punctures somewhat as on head. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax ; each with four discal costae, very distinct towards
base, but becoming rather feeble posteriorly; with crowded
and small but mostly sharply-defined punctures. Length
Gon: ©), 8-11 mim.

Q. Differs in being wider, prothorax lightly transverse,
tip of abdomen gently rounded instead of conspicuously
notched, and antennae and legs somewhat shorter and stouter.

Hab.—Western Australia: Perth (National Museum,
from C. French), Swan River (A. M. Lea), Salt River
(Australian Museum). Type, I. 6745.

305

The uniformly metallic head and elytra, with reddish,
non-maculate prothorax, will readily distinguish this species
from all others known to me, except dentipes, pulchra, and
appendiculata, from all of which it differs in its larger size
and (except for the front coxae) entirely dark legs. The
apical joint of the palpi is large and with a feeble notch near
the outer apex on both sexes. The transverse depression at
the base of the pronotum is sometimes isolated, but occasion-
ally connected with two feeble medio-discal depressions.

CoPIDITA APPENDICULATA, N. sp.
Pl, xii., fig. 54.

3. Blackish and flavous. Clothed with short, sub-
depressed, ashen pubescence.

Head rather strongly convex; about base with dense and
sharply-defined punctures, smaller and sparser elsewhere ;
mandibles bifid. Eyes large, prominent, and very feebly
notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint slightly
longer than tenth and simple. Apical joint of maxillary
palpi rather large, outer side distinctly incurved, and at base
with a conspicuous appendix. Prothorax distinctly longer
than wide, sides rather strongly dilated near apex, base
narrowly upturned, with a fairly large medio-basal depres-
sion, and a smaller and shallower one towards each side in
front; punctures rather small and dense only on sides. Hlytra
about twice as wide as narrowest part of prothorax, with very
vague remnants of discal costae; densely granulate-punctate.
Tip of abdomen wide and very gently bisinuate. Legs long
and thin. Length, 64 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Tweed River (Blackburn’s
collection). Type (unique), I. 6660.

The type (the female probably has simple palpi) has a
conspicuous appendix to the apical joint of the palpi, the
appendix being almost as long as the penultimate joint, but
distinctly thinner; it is somewhat as on the male of sloanet,
but the two species are otherwise very different. The flavous
parts are the clypeus, labrum, base of mandibles, and middle
of under-surface of head, prothorax (except for an infuscate
spot on each side at the apical third), scutellum, mesosternum,
part of metasternum, femora, labial, and parts of maxillary

alpi.
a CoPIDITA INTERRUPTA, N. Sp.

d. Of a dingy pale flavous, with parts infuscated.
Densely clothed with short, depressed, pale pubescence.

Head rather long, obliquely flattened between eyes; with
dense and sharply-defined but not very large punctures;
labrum large, with sharply-defined punctures ; mandibles bifid.

306

Eyes large, widely and rather shallowly notched in front.
Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint slightly shorter than
tenth and conspicuously semidouble. Apical joint of maxillary
palpi long, rather thin, and subreniform. Prothorax much
longer than wide, sides rather suddenly inflated near apex,
base narrowly upturned; with crowded and sharply-defined
but rather small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax; each with four conspicuous discal costae, of which
the third is shorter than the others; densely and finely
granulate-punctate or shagreened. First segment of abdomen
small, the fifth strongly bisinuate at apex. Legs long and
thin. Length (od, 9), 11-19 mm.

Q. Differs in being rather more robust, legs and
antennae somewhat shorter, apical joint of palpi somewhat
stouter, and apical segment of abdomen not bisinuate.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection),
Mackay (National Museum), Port Alma (H. J. Carter),
Brisbane (H. Hacker’s No. 281, and Dr. A. J. Turner).
Type, I. 6748.

Structurally fairly close to negronotata, but the average
size considerably larger (it is the largest known Australian
species of the genus) and with very conspicuous markings.
The infuscated parts are the space between and in front of
the eyes, the labrum, tips of mandibles, parts of palpi, apical
portion of each antennal joint, three conspicuous lines on
pronotum (occupying most of its surface), most of elytra,
parts of abdomen, knees, and parts of tibiae and tarsi; the
elytra have a striped appearance owing to the elevated lines
being paler (sometimes very conspicuously so) than the
adjacent parts; they also have two (or three) sutural spaces
that are paler than the other parts, and are bounded in front
and behind by conspicuously dark parts (the surface there hav-
ing a curiously interrupted appearance), one of the pale spaces
is median, subquadrate, and terminated by the first discal
elevation; there is a somewhat similar space between it and
the apex, and the occasional third spot is half-way between
the median one and the base; but on some specimens the
subsutural markings are ill-defined ; on an occasional specimen
the infuscation extends to the metasternum. The surface of
the pronotum is gently undulating rather than with distinct
impressions; in “the male at its narrowest it is only about
half its length.

CoPIDITA ILLOTA, N. sp.

Q. Of a dingy pale flavous; head between eyes,
antennae, palpi, pronotum, a lateral vitta on each elytron,
knees, and parts of tibiae and of tarsi more or less infuscated.
Densely clothed with short, pale, depressed pubescence.

307

Head rather large; with dense and sharply-defined but
rather small punctures, less dense between eyes and on
clypeus, and more crowded at base than elsewhere; with a
shallow depression in front; mandibles bifid. Eyes large and
rather widely notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh
joint slightly shorter than tenth and conspicuously semi-
double. Prothoraz slightly longer than wide, apical half with
rounded and dilated sides, base gently incurved to middle and
narrowly upturned; with a vague medio-basal depression and
another towards each side in front, but the whole of the apical
half (except the margin) gently depressed ; with crowded and
small but sharply-defined punctures. Wlytra much wider than
prothorax; surface shagreened rather than with distinct
punctures; with vague remnants of discal costae. Apical
segment of abdomen triangularly produced in middle.
Length, 13 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: King River, March, 1916
(W. McLennan). Type in National Museum.

A dingy species, in general appearance close to Ozacis
lateralis, but with bifid mandibles; from C’. torrida (to which,
however, it is not very close) it differs in being opaque,
prothorax considerably wider and with different punctures,
elytra with but the vaguest remnants of discal costae, and in
many particulars of colour. The pronotum is infuscated
throughout, but the infuscation is less pronounced along
the middle than on the sides, the vitta on each elytron is
rather feeble, and extends from the shoulder to slightly
beyond the middle, where it vanishes.

CoPIDITA APICIFUSCA, N. sp.

o. Black or blackish, and flavous. Moderately clothed
with short, depressed, pale pubescence, paler on pronotum
than elsewhere.

Head rather convex; with dense and rather small but
sharply-defined punctures about base, becoming smaller and
sparser elsewhere; mandibles bifid. Eyes large and shallowly
notched in front. Antennae long and very thin, eleventh
joint about as long as tenth and very feebly semidouble.
Prothorax rather elongate, sides gently rounded on apical
half and gently incurved on basal half, base narrowly
upturned; with three shallow discal impressions; punctures
dense and sharply defined but rather small. LZlytra almost
twice as wide as prothorax at base; each with four feeble
costae, of which the fourth is very feeble and third practically
absent : with small, dense, asperate Deaeuaes and shagreened.
Length (355 oO): vat -10 mm.

308

Q. Differs in being somewhat stouter, head slightly
larger, with eyes more widely separated, antennae and legs
somewhat shorter, and tip of abdomen gently rounded instead
of truncate.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (— Northcote, in H. J.
Carter’s collection ; H. Hacker’s No. 217): Cairns (E. Allen).
Types! ).goqag:

A rather small, dingy species; in general appearance like
some of the paler species of Oxacis, but with bifid mandibles ;
the male has unusually thin antennae, and they are also very
thin in the female. The prothorax is of a fairly bright
flavous, but the elytra are opaque, paler and dingier, with
the tips infuscated ; the head is black, sometimes diluted with
red between the eyes and with parts of the muzzle and its
appendages obscurely reddish; the antennae vary from deep
black to a rather dingy brown, the legs are mostly deeply
infuscated, with the tibiae and coxae paler than the other
parts, the prosternum and mesosternum are flavous, the rest
of the under-surface more or less blackish.

OXACIS AUSTRALIS (Boi.), Blackb.

There are twenty-five specimens before me of the species
redescribed by Blackburn as Oedemera australis, of Boisduval,
but I cannot find on them any conspicuous external feature
indicative of sex. The abdomen has the apical segment sub-
triangularly produced at its apex, and overhanging this
(from the dorsal surface) is a subtriangular pubescent process,
with its tip circular and truncated (so as to be practically a
pygidium), and at the anal opening there is a hollow space
in which the tip of an oedeagus or the tips of an ovipositor
may occasionally be seen. There are certainly slight differ-
ences in the comparative widths of the apical joint of the
maxillary palpi, and in the depth of its black margin (on
some specimens it is entirely black), and some specimens have
the front tarsi slightly wider than on others, but these are
characters that are useless to prove the sex of a single
specimen. |

Var. AURICOMUS, n. var. Seven specimens (from Murray
Bridge, Adelaide, and Yeelanna), and three from Lake
Hattah, in Victoria, differ from the common form in having
the pubescence of the upper-surface conspicuously golden (or
ochreous), except that on the elytral suture it is very narrowly
white ;54) its general shape is also rather narrower. One

(54) In redescribing the species all that Blackburn said of the
clothing was ‘“‘breviter pubescens’; as a matter of fact, on the
typical form it is fairly dense, and as seen under a magnifying
glass (especially on the dark parts) of a snowy-white.

309

specimen has an oedeagus protruding, and another an ovi-
positor, and both have the tip of the apical dorsal segment
exactly as on the typical form.

OxacIS CAVICEPS, Blackb.

In the description of this species the prothorax was noted
as having “‘latitudine majori sat longe pone medium sita,”’
and again as ‘‘at the widest considerably behind the middle.”’
A female co-type (from Lake Austin) has the greatest width
of the prothorax at the most one-third from the apex, and in
this a second female from Cue agrees with it.

OXxACIS LATERALIS, Macl. (formerly A nanca).

By the courtesy of Mr. Shewan I have been able to
examine the type of the species ; it is a male, and having simple
jaws it belongs, by the present system of classification, to
Oxzacis. There are also other specimens of the species before me
from Cairns and Mackay. The dark parts of the prothorax are
confined to the sides; the dark vittae of the elytra are some-
times confined to the shoulders, but occasionally extend
almost to the tips; the “four obsolete longitudinal lines on
each elytron’’ are sometimes not traceable, and when present
are only distinct about the base; the ‘‘two large shallow
depressions on the anterior half’’ of the pronotum are much
more distinct on some specimens than on others. In general
appearance it is strikingly close to anqwisitor, but is rather
more robust, with the prothorax not widest at the extreme
apex, and with considerably larger and _ sharply-defined
punctures; the punctures on the head are denser and slightly
larger, but on the elytra they are much the same (as those
of wnquwisitor ).

OXACIS CONCAVICEPS, 0. sp.

3. Of a rather dingy flavous, with parts more or less
deeply infuscated. Densely clothed with short, depressed,
pale pubescence, less conspicuous on pronotum than elsewhere.

Head strongly concave from near the base to apex of
clypeus; with small and rather inconspicuous punctures ;
mandibles simple. Antennae rather long and thin, eleventh
joint very slightly longer than tenth, and with scarcely a
trace of doubling. /Prothoraz slightly longer than wide, with
three shallow discal impressions; with dense and small but
sharply-defined punctures. LHlytra almost twice the width of
prothorax at base; with very feeble remnants cf discal costae ;
surface shagreened. Length (d, 9), 6-9 mm.

Q. Differs in being slightly more robust, apical segment
of abdomen slightly longer, with the tip more rounded, and
in the legs and antennae being slightly shorter.

310

Hab.—North-western Australia (H. J. Carter, from
H. M. Giles): Fortescue River (W. D. Dodd); South Aus-
tralia: Peake (old collection). Type, I. 6661.

With the head longitudinally concave as in caviceps, but
the elytra opaque, with much smaller punctures (they are so
small and asperate that the surface appears shagreened), the
costae feeble and traceable only about base, and the pale
markings (when present) bounded by costae; the lateral vittae
of the prothorax are also much less pronounced or absent.
There is usually a conspicuous infuscation between the eyes;
on the pronotum there is .a distinct but not very sharply-
defined median infuscate vitta, and the sides are lightly (if
at all) infuscated; the elytra are usually rather deeply
infuscated), with a conspicuously paler (but not sharply
defined) patch occupying a fairly wide sutural space, from
about the basal fourth:to beyond the middle, thence becoming
narrowly sutural; most of the abdomen is infuscated, the tips
of the mandibles are black. On one specimen the median
vitta of the pronotum is represented only by remnants at the
base and apex; on the Peake specimen the pale portion of
the elytra is more conspicuous than usual. Two specimens in
Mr. Carter’s collection probably belong to this species, their
elytral markings to a certain extent are suggestive of those of
Copdita bipartita, but they differ from Champion’s descrip-
tion in having the mandibles simple, elytra with the costae
not ‘‘rather sharp,’’ and in some particulars of colour.

OXACIS MAJORINA, Nl. sp.

¢. Of a pale and rather dingy flavous or stramineous,
elytra very vaguely infuscated towards the sides and pos-
teriorly; tips of mandibles black. Rather densely clothed
with short and somewhat golden, depressed pubescence.

Head lightly convex about base, widely and rather
shallowly concave in front; with dense and sharply-defined
but small punctures, becoming rather sparse in front;
mandibles simple. Eyes large, lightly incurved .in front.
Antennae long and thin. Prothorax scarcely longer thah the
greatest width, sides gently dilated from near base to near
apex, base narrowly upturned, with three feeble discal
impressions; with crowded and small but rather sharply-
defined punctures. Hlytra considerably wider than base of
prothorax; with scarcely visible remnants of discal costae,
surface finely shagreened. Length, 114-124 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type, I. 6742.

With the concave head of the preceding species and of
caviceps; from the former it differs in being larger, prothorax

311

conspicuously wider, with the vaguest remnants of depressions,
and elytra very vaguely infuscated; from caviceps it differs
in its wider prothorax, less conspicuous elytral costae, and
absence of conspicuous markings. In general appearance it is
much like anqwsitor and lateralis, but the concave face is at
once distinctive from those species. Mr. Dodd took three
specimens, but the apical joint of the antennae is missing
from each of them.

OXACIS CALOPTERA, Nl. sp.
Pi ex fio! 28;

areata: three apical sepments of abdomen infuscated ;
elytra with sharply- defined blackish markings, tips of man-
dibles black: Rather densely clothed with pale, depressed
pubescence.

Head widely concave from base almost to apex; punc- *
tures inconspicuous; mandibles simple. Antennae long and
thin, eleventh joint slightly longer than tenth, and with
scarcely a trace of doubling. Prothoraz distinctly longer than
wide, sides moderately dilated about apex, base bilobed and
lightly upturned, with three feeble discal impressions; with
dense and small but rather sharply-defined punctures, sparser
about middle than elsewhere. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax; with feeble remnants of costae; surface shag-
reened. Length, 74-9 mm. |
7 Hab.—North-western Australia: Ashburton River.
Type in National Museum, from C. French; co-type, I. 6750,
in South Australian Museum.

With the concave head of the two preceding species and
of caviceps, but with sharply-defined and apparently distinc-
tive elytral markings, on the type these are in three parts: a
portion occupying about one-fifth of the base, with a jagged
posterior outline, and two portions narrowly separated by the
suture, and occupying on each side about one-half of the
length of the elytra, and near the suture about one-third of
their length. A second specimen has elytral markings exactly
as on the type, but with the head infuscated between the
eyes, and with traces of a median prothoracic vitta. As the
apical segment of the abdomen is rather long, with the tip
rounded, and as no genitalia are protruding from either,
they are probably females.

OXACIS APICICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
Of a pale dingy flavous, some parts infuscated. Rather
densely clothed with short, depressed, pale pubescence.
Head gently convex ; with dense and small punctures, but
sparser between eyes than elsewhere; mandibles simple. Eyes

312

large, shallowly notched in front. Antennae long and thin,
eleventh joint the length of tenth and obscurely semidouble.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides rather strongly
obliquely dilated from near base to near apex, and then
gently rounded, apex distinctly incurved to middle, base
incurved to middle and narrowly upturned, with a vague
medio-basal depression, and one towards each side in front;
with moderately dense, shallow, subasperate punctures, but
becoming sharply defined on sides. Hlytra much wider than
base of prothorax; each with four rather feeble discal costae;
with dense and fine punctures or shagreened. Length,
11-14 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Raine Island and Claudie River
(J. A. Kershaw). Type in National Museum; co-type,
I. 6751, in South Australian Museum.

Nearer to ingwisitor than to any other species known to
me, but consistently larger, prothorax and head much wider,
and colour and punctures different; from lateralis it is at once
distinguished by its punctures. Mr. Kershaw took three
specimens, of which one with a narrower prothorax than the
others has been made the type, it is probably a male; the
others are certainly females, and differ from it in being
stouter, prothorax more dilated to apex (where the width is
slightly more than the length), abdomen more convex and
legs and antennae shorter; on the type the antennae extend |
to the tips of the elytra, on the others they end some distance
before the tips. Most of the upper-surface of the head is
deeply infuscated, there is a conspicuous but somewhat
irregular median infuscate vitta on the pronotum, and the
sides are also infuscated, on the elytra the infuscation is
lateral (but not marginal), and is more pronounced on the
shoulders than posteriorly; parts of the abdomen and meta-
sternum and the knees are lightly infuscated.

OXACIS VITTIPENNIS, Nn. sp.

3d. Pale flavous; an infuscate stain between eyes, pro-
thorax with a median infuscate vitta touching apex but not
base, each side with a vitta touching neither base nor
apex, each elytron with two long infuscate vittae, abdomen
and metasternum infuscated in parts. Moderately densely
clothed with short, depressed, whitish pubescence.

Head gently convex; with crowded and small but mostly
sharply-defined punctures; mandibles simple. Eyes widely and
shallowly notched. Antennae rather long and thin, eleventh
joint the length of tenth and obscurely semidouble. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than greatest width, sides rather
strongly dilated from near base to near apex, and then gently

313

rounded, base narrowly upturned, with a fairly conspicuous
medio-basal depression, and a very vague one towards each
side in front; punctures small and rather dense on sides,
sparser and less defined on disc. Slytra at base not much
wider than apex of prothorax, with vague remnants of costae
only at base; punctures small and asperate. Length,
9-11 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Chillagoe and Ingham (H. J. Carter,
from C. French). Type, I. 6662.

Structurally fairly close to enguisitor, but more shining,
the elytra conspicuously striped, and prothorax not quite the
same at apex. The stripes on each elytron are as follows :—
1. A pale sutural one gradually narrowed to the apex. 2. An
infuscate one, becoming feeble (on one specimen interrupted)
close to its starting point, but then quite distinct to apex.
3. A pale one becoming wider to the base, where it joins in
with the first. 4. An infuscate one rather wide on the
shoulder and narrowed to its tip, where (on two of the three
specimens before me) it joins in with the second. 5. A pale
‘marginal one. On one specimen, however, the fourth stripe
is longitudinally divided towards its apex, so that there, there
appear to be four pale and three infuscate stripes.

OXACIS PICTICEPS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xiii., fig. 29.
d. Black or blackish, some parts flavous. Densely
clothed with short, depressed, whitish and ashen pubescence.

Head gently convex between eyes, vaguely depressed in
front; with rather small and sharply-defined but not very
dense punctures ; mandibles simple. Antennae long and thin,
eleventh joint distinctly longer than tenth and lightly semi-
double. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides evenly
dilated from base to near apex, and then gently rounded,
base very feebly upturned; with three feeble depressions ;
with dense and rather sharply-defined but small punctures,
sparser in middle than elsewhere. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax; with feeble remnants of costae, and with small,
crowded punctures. Length (d, 9), 6-85 mm.

Q. Differs in being slightly stouter, prothorax somewhat
shorter, eyes not quite so prominent, apical segment of
abdomen longer with its tip more produced, legs and
antennae shorter, and apical joint of palpi smaller.

Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (H. S. Cope);
Victoria: Birchip (J. C. Goudie’s No. 403). Type, I. 6663.

A small species with elytra very distinctly marked (alike
on the three specimens under examination). The head is

314

flavous, but with a wide median vitta extending from the
base to the labrum (with the membranous space before the
labrum pale), on its under-surface there are three longitudinal
infuscate vittae; on the pronotum there is an obscurely
diluted median line, and on two specimens some obscure marks
about the base, on each elytron the suture about the base is
narrowly pale, and then from about the basal third close beside
(but not on) the suture there is a narrow vitta, which at about
the apical fourth is suddenly dilated and continued till it
vanishes near the apex, there is another narrow pale vitta,
commencing at the middle of the base, and terminated slightly
after the commencement of the subsutural vitta; the coxae
and femora (except the knees) are also pale. The specimen
from Birchip is not so dark as the others.

ISCHNOMERA SUBLINEATA, Waterh.

An abundant species on flowers in summer in many parts
of Tasmania, and also to be taken in New South Wales and
Victoria.

Var. MONTICOLA, n. var. Several specimens from Mount
Kosciusko (taken by Mr. Helms between 5,700-6,000 feet)
have the elytra with a more or less conspicuous purplish
gloss, the prothoracic foveae deeper than usual, and the head
with a conspicuously depressed space in front semicircularly
terminated posteriorly between the eyes.

CERAMBYCIDAE.

ORICOPIS INTERCOXALIS, Nl. Sp.

Blackish-brown; parts of legs paler, tubercles glossy-
black. Closely covered with extremely short grey or greenish-
grey pubescence; head, antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and tip of
abdomen with straggling whitish hairs.

Head with median line very feeble in front, but distinct
towards base; with conspicuous but not dense punctures in
front. Antennae passing elytra, fourth joint almost twice
the length of third or fifth. Prothorax with a strong conical
tubercle on each side, with two strong conjoined tubercles
on each side of middle, and with a small one in middle towards
base; with scattered punctures, similar to those between eyes.
ELlytra much wider than prothorax, tips obliquely truncated,
with short basal rows of glossy tubercles; with irregularly-
distributed punctures, fairly large and numerous on basal
half. Prosternum with a conspicuous glossy-tipped tubercle
between the coxae; a smaller one (projecting obliquely for-
wards) between the middle coxae. Length, 13-14 mm.

315

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea), Little
Mulgrave River (H. Hacker). Type, I. 6157.

Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
conspicuous projection between the front coxae. On each of
the three specimens before me there are some straggling hairs
near the tips of the elytra, but they are very few in number,
and much less conspicuous than on setzpennis; the clothing of
the under-surface is uniform. In some lights and from
certain directions the elytral pubescence has a vague purplish
gloss. Of the conjoined tubercles on each side of the middle of
the pronotum, the posterior one of each pair is almost exactly
half-way between the base and apex, more conical and higher
than the other, the median one towards the base is small but
quite distinct. The tubercles are in two series on each elytron,
the first (usually composed of five) commences in the middle
of the base and curves round, so that if continued it would
meet its fellow at the basal third, the other series is more
irregular, composed of smaller tubercles, commences on the
shoulder, and is also somewhat curved ; on two specimens there
is a vague longitudinal elevation on each elytron, and the
scutellum is feebly depressed along the middle.

ORICOPIS SETIPENNIS, nN. sp.

Blackish, some parts blackish-brown; parts of legs paler,
tubercles glossy-black. Closely covered with short, greyish
pubescence, appearing somewhat variegated on under-
surface; elytra with fairly numerous, long, white, erect
setae or hairs.

Head with median line distinct towards base but scarcely
traceable in front; with fairly numerous punctures between
eyes. Antennae passing elytra, fourth joint about once and
one-half the length of third or fifth. Prothorax with tubercles
somewhat as in preceding species; with numerous distinct but
somewhat irregularly-distributed punctures. Scutellum dis-
tinctly impressed along middle. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, tips gently rounded, on basal third with glossy,
rounded tubercles of various sizes; with moderately large and
dense punctures, becoming small and sparse posteriorly.
Mesosternum with a small obtuse tubercle between coxae.
Length, 10-124 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
T. 6156.

Structurally nearer guttatus than any other species, but
elytra very differently clothed. Of the two specimens in the
Museum the larger ‘one has lost its abdomen ; its general colour
is somewhat paler than that of the type, and its legs (parts of

316

femora excepted) are distinctly reddish; on the type only
parts of the tarsi are reddish. The pubescence of the under-
surface has a somewhat variegated appearance, but this is
due mostly to its disposition; on the metasternum it is dense
near the sides and sparser (but not altogether wanting)
elsewhere, on the abdomen it is rather dense at the sides
(except for a glabrous spot on each side of each of the four
basal segments) but is very sparse elsewhere; on the abdomen
of guttatus, although somewhat the same in kind, a consider-
ably larger space on each side is densely clothed, and the
middle is conspicuously glabrous. The tubercles on each side
of the disc of the pronotum are more obtuse than on the
preceding species, and appear more as points of an elevated
ridge than as conjoined tubercles, the posterior one is slightly
nearer the base than the apex, and slightly nearer
the lateral one than the one in the middle towards the
base. On each elytron there is a curved row of glossy tubercles
commencing with some small ones in the middle of the base,
and ending in some larger and more obtuse ones (almost the
size of the scutellum) at the basal third; on each shoulder
there are numerous small, glossy tubercles, and between these
and the median row there is a straggling row that commences
at the base and ends beyond the middle, the row consisting
of from seven to nine tubercles.

ORICOPIS MACULIVENTRIS, N. sp.

Dark brown; palpi and parts of other appendages more
or less reddish, tubercles glossy-blackish. Closely covered
with very short greyish or somewhat stramineous pubescence,
conspicuously variegated with patches and spots of ochreous.

Head with median line distinct throughout; punctures
more or less concealed. Antennae considerably passing
elytra, fourth joint somewhat curved, about once and one-
third the length of third, the latter slightly longer than fifth.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides strongly bisinuate,
with a conspicuous swelling (not a conical tubercle) in middle;
each side of middle of disc with two conspicuous subconical
tubercles; punctures fairly numerous, but in parts concealed.
Scutellum longitudinally impressed. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, tips obliquely truncated ; each side of base with a
curved row of small tubercles, and a few still smaller ones on
shoulders; with numerous distinct punctures, becoming small
and sparse posteriorly. MMesosternwm with an obtuse swelling
between coxae. Length, 16 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6155.

317

The brighter coloured pubescence forms a conspicuous
vertical stripe on each side of the head from an antenna to
the tip ; occupies the space between the four discal tubercles of
the pronotum, and is continued almost to its base; is very
irregularly disposed in spots and patches on the elytra, of
which it occupies about one-third (or less) of the surface;
forms a conspicuous round spot on each side of the meta-
sternum; a spot on each side of the four basal segments of
abdomen (diminishing in size posteriorly) ; one on each of the
four hind femora, and a feeble one on each of the front
tibiae. The tubercles on each side of the disc of the pronotum
are fairly close together, but not conjoined as on others of
the genus, and the swelling on each side is much more obtuse
than on those species. The curved row of tubercles on each
elytron commences, in the middle of the base, with a small
subconical one, and ends with a small round one at the basal
fourth ; on the right side it consists of six and on the left of
five tubercles; the humeral elevations are so small that they
should be regarded as granules.

The typical species of the genus, wmbrosa, is unknown to
me; the present species differs from its description in its very
different clothing, and isolated prothoracic tubercles; inter-
coralis in having a conspicuous projection between the front
coxae as well as a somewhat smaller one between the middle
pair ; setvpennis has a conspicuous medio-basal tubercle on the
prothorax, the elytra with tubercles not as described and with
numerous scattered white setae or hairs; and guttatus has
four conspicuous white spots on the elytra. These may be
tabulated as follows :—

With a conspicuous projection between front coxae intercozalis

Without such.
Pronotum without a median tubercle towards

base aie ta Mirous SPRAY | Taueee! AAS) Ree RCA SIE ES
Pronotum with such,
Elytra with four eoepicuoiis white spots ... guttatus
DVEMO be SUGM YS es ae. vw, Snel) aah! alent. 2 SGREDeNMES

BRACHACIPTERA, DN. g.

Head short; labrum membranous. Eyes rather large,
_reniform, widely separated, semicircularly notched, rather
finely faceted. Antennae long and thin, not spinose. Palpi
rather small. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides
obtusely armed, incurved near apex and base. Scutellum
rather large. Hlytra at. base much wider than prothorax,
suddenly and strongly narrowed from base to about middle,
and then thin and almost parallel-sided to apex. Metaster-
num prominent. Adbomen considerably below level of meta-
sternum, rather thin, not covered by elytra, intercoxal process

318

narrow, subtriangular, and vertical. Legs long and thin, hind
tibiae dilated.

I cannot find that this genus has been previously named
or recorded from Australia or New Guinea; its nearest ally
appears to be Mecynopus, from which it differs in having the
elytra strongly narrowed from the inner, as well as from the
outer, side (much as in Agapete); the sculpture of the outer
discal parts are much as on some species of A/acrones, but the
eyes are notched. The four front coxae and their cavities are
much as on Mecynopus, the eyes are larger, the upper portion
conspicuously so, but the facets are slightly smaller. Type
of genus, tzbzalis. .

BRACHACIPTERA TIBIALIS, nN. sp.

Blackish ; elytra watery flavous, but a ridge from each
shoulder to the narrow part, and the whole of the latter deeply
infuscated, four front femora pale castaneous, but extreme
base almost white, front tibiae castaneous on basal third,
middle only near base, rest of four front legs black, hind
femora almost white on basal half, basal half of tibiae and two
basal joints of tarsi not much darker, rest of hind legs deeply
infuscated ; antennae deeply infuscated, but two basal joints
and lower parts of several following ones castaneous. Moder-
ately clothed with whitish pubescence, becoming almost black
in places, head and prothorax in addition with rather long,
dark hairs; elytra more sparsely clothed than rest of upper-
surface.

Head with deep crowded punctures, but becoming sparse
on clypeus, where the derm is shining; longitudinal impres-
sion deep only between antennae. Antennae passing abdomen
for a short distance, first joint slightly shorter than third, third
and fourth subequal, fifth and sixth longer, seventh-tenth
slightly decreasing in length, eleventh slightly longer than
tenth. LProthorax circularly constricted near apex, the sub-
basal constriction not continuous across prosternum; with a
subconical tubercle on each side and four obtuse swellings on
disc (of these two are in the middle and two slightly behind
them, but nearer to the median ones than to each other) ; with
crowded punctures somewhat as on head. LHlytra about once
and one-half the width of prothorax, from about the middle
each about half the width of head between antennae, base
strongly trisinuate, shoulders prominent; disc coarsely shag-
reened, outer portion elevated and with coarse punctures,
apical half with dense and rather small punctures. Front
legs long, but hardly more than half the length of the others ;
hind tibiae with apical two-fifths somewhat flat, conspicuously
dilated and clothed with black pubescence. Length, 9-11 mm.

319

Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (W. W. Frog-
gatt). Type, I. 7808.
A very interesting insect.

BRACHACIPTERA AURICOMA, 0. Sp.

Castaneous; head, antennae (two basal joints excepted),
sterna, abdomen (the base almost white), and tarsi more or
less deeply infuscated, elytra paler but infuscated outwardly,
hind femora paler on basal half. Head, prothorax, and
scutellum densely clothed with short, golden, suberect pubes-
cence, similar pubescence elsewhere but sparser, the elytra
very sparsely clothed. Length, 9-94 mm.

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) :
Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type, I. 7809.

Close to the preceding species but differently clothed and
somewhat different in colour, head with denser and finer
punctures, antennae slightly stouter, lateral tubercles of pro-
thorax very obtuse and the discal ones smaller, pale portion
of elytra not shagreened but with small scattered punctures,
incurvature between each shoulder and scutellum much less
pronounced, middle legs scarcely longer than front ones, and
hind tibiae less strongly inflated towards apex. On a second
specimen the pubescence is less conspicuously golden than on

the type. |
CHRYSOMELIDAE.

HALTICORCUS, Nn. g.

Head rather small, face vertical. Eyes rather large and
moderately faceted. Antennae moderately long, bases close
together, six basal joints rather thin, the following five stout.
Maxillary palpi not very long, apical joint acute, subapical
subquadrate. Prothorax very widely transverse, non-sulcate,
lateral margins very narrow. Scutellum small. EHlytra very
little longer than wide, sides strongly rounded; epipleurae
wide, convex near base, concave at base itself and posteriorly,
terminated near apex. Legs short and stout; front coxal
cavities widely open behind; tibiae armed at apex with a
feeble simple mucro; tarsi short, first and fourth joints sub-
equal in length, claws each with a large basal appendix.

The apportionment of species to the genera of Halticides
tabled by Blackburn (ante, 1876, pp. 40, 41) requires that at
least one specimen of every species shall be broken, as the
leading character of that table (the front coxal cavities) is
of such a nature that the prothorax must be separated from
the mesothorax (and usually a front leg must be pulled out)
to see the cavities at all clearly. This I have done with the
present species, and in that table it would be placed in AA,

320

BB, CC, DD, E (the armature is small and traceable with
difficulty on most specimens), F, G (on unbroken specimens
the mesosternum appears to be hidden, but on breaking one,
a narrow flange-like portion on each side that at first appears
to be part of the intercoxal process of the metasternum is
really seen to belong to the mesosternum; this is also the case
with Sphaerophyma simoni), H, I, J; this brings us to Sutrea
and Phyllotreta, to the species of which genera it is palpably
widely different. I believe its correct position to be close to
Sphaerophyma, and that the position of that genus in the
table is due to faulty observation of its front coxal cavities
and mesosternum. The species described below is hemi-
sphaerical and in general appearance is strikingly close to
Orcus (in my private collection I had two unset specimens
standing for years as belonging to Orcus), but, of course, with
the under-parts visible its subfamily is at once evident. It
is one of the finest and most distinct species of the subfamily.

‘
HALTICORCUS PLATYCERII, nN. sp.

Bright metallic-blue (or green); head blackish with a
flavous spot on forehead, elytra with four flavous spots, legs
black or blackish, coxae, claw joint, and under-surface
flavous, antennae with the apical and five basal joints
flavous, the others black.

Head with very minute punctures ; distance between
antennae scarcely more than the encircling edges of their
sockets. Antennae extending to abdomen, first joint about as
long as the four following combined, second stouter but scarcely
longer than third, fourth-sixth subequal, seventh moderately
transverse, eighth-tenth more strongly so, eleventh distinctly
longer than tenth, its apex subconical. Prothoraxz more than
thrice the width of the median length, which is considerably
more than that of the sides, with a shallow depression adjacent
to margin; with sparse and minute punctures. LHlytra with
strongly rounded sides and shoulders, widest at about basal
third, with very small punctures. Hind femora fully twice
the width of the middle pair. Length, 34-34 mm.

Hab.—Queensland; New South Wales: Sydney, eating
stag-horn ferns, Platyceruwm grande (W. W. Froggatt).
Type, I. 7621.

The scutellum is pale, but not so pale as the elytral spots;
of these the first on each elytron is round and basal, distinctly
nearer the suture than side, the other is median and trans-
verse, bilobed (sometimes acutely so) in front and oblique
behind. The elytral punctures are very small, but in some
lights and from certain directions they appear to be in feeble
rows ; there is, however, a fairly distinct row near each margin,

321

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. ¢

Puate XII,

Cicindela antiqua, Lea.
Laius miraculus, Lea.
5» mirocerus, Lea.
Atractocerus tasmaniensis, Lea, with wings re-

moved.
m victoriensis, Blackb., antenna.
:, of A ow apical joints
of palpus.

Polyplocotes perforatus, Lea, head and antennae.
29 ’ ” 9 »» from side; A,
perforation through head; B, tip of mandible.

pe i Sai ola

Puate XIII.

Fig. 9. ... Laws apicicollis, Lea, elytral pattern.
mf BOs sae », melanoderes, Lea, elytral pattern.
oe i re », flavonotatus, Lea, elytral pattern.
s 12,13 » ammophilus, Lea, elytral pattern.
at 14, », acervatus, Lea, elytral pattern.
x hs », stenotarsus, Lea, elytral pattern.
ie ¥G.0 123% » concarvifrons, Lea, elytral pattern.
+s LS ae »» filamentarius, Lea, elytral pattern.
¥, i > NS », flavifrons, Lea, elytral pattern:
te LIN bape ,, aulacophoroides, Lea, elytral pattern.
At 7| ne » variegatus, Blackb., elytral pattern.
8 D4 », pretiosus, Blackb., elytral pattern.
- ee » eyrensis, Blackb., elytral pattern.
- 5 eee aes » Quinquenotatus, Fairm., Var. 2, elytral
attern.
ns 24. ... Copidita nigronotata, Boh., elytral pattern.
‘ 25, 26. 3 languida, Blackb., elytral pattern.
= : (ee e sloanet, Blackb., elytral pattern.
r 28. ... Oxacis caloptera, Lea, elytral pattern.
4 73 Pia is 5, picticeps, Lea, elytral pattern.
as 30. ... Laius mirocerus, Lea, prothorax from in front.
3 2 eee », apicicollis, Lea, prothorax from the side.
tf 32, 33. ,, meélanoderes, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae. (55)
a 34, 35. »» favonotatus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
a 36, 37. », acervatus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
i S83 fsa. », stenotarsus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
a = pee » concavifrons, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
er yb ees », filamentarius, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae.
hs 41, 42. », flavifrons, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
ra 43, 44. », aulacophoroides, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae.
"a 45, 46. » pretiosus, Blackb., basal joints of an-
tennae.
£ 47, 48. 5 eyrensis, Blackb., basal joints of antennae.
Py 49, 50. » quinquenotatus, Fairm., basal joints of
antennae.

(55) The basal joints of the antennae of the males of Zaius vary in
apparent shape from almost every point of view.
L

322

Figs. 51,52. Copidita slounei, Blackb., palpi.
a ea ae mira, Lea, palpi.
a sy: hee i appendiculata, Lea, palpi.

Puate XIV.
Markings of right elytra of—
Figs. 55-59. Mordella australis (Boi.), Lea.

PA 60-65. os elegans, Waterh.

He 66-70. ee feliz, Waterh.

i qa=a7 i hamatilis, Macl.

3 78. >. Te

4 "a. Same 7 leucosticta, Germ., var.

sf 80. a multiguttata, Waterh.,

3 81, 82 ey nigrans, Macl.

35 83. =e 18-maculata, Lea, var.

“a 84. a ovalisticta, Macl.

am 85-90. = promiscua, Er.

= 91, 92. < conspecta, Lea.

= ORL aE: rs chrysophora, Lea.

se OAL Te ag vitticollis, Lea.

ee 95, 96. + pygidialis, Lea.

PLatE XV.
Markings of right elytra of—

Fig. 97. ... Mordella auronotata, Lea.

. a os iridea, Lea.

£3 Se i metasternalis, Lea.

es 100-102. rhe alphabetica, Lea.

ia 103-105. ae norfolcensis, Lea.

i iL ee a Se notatipennis, Lea.

ae as ms adipata, Lea.

- 108-110. i. calopasa, Lea.

901 ee Las ef quadrimaculata, Lea.

it 119s fs obliquirufa, beg:

ms 113-115. a caloptera, Lea,

6 L1Gs44¢ b 5 calodema, Lea.

siyt i) goal Gand blanda, Lea.

= 118. ... Mordellistena concinna, Lea.

Markings of pronota of—
Figs. 130,131. Mordella auronotata, Lea.

(PT D> 1 Aki a ovalisticta, Macl.
if 138. om conspecta, Lea.
124. HI chrysophora, Lea.
a1 TD5O aa 7! “J vitticollis, Lea.

& 126. « pygidialis, Lea.
a 127 -129. ts auronotata, Lea.

Markings ai side of etn ceeeha and basal segment of
abdomen of—
Figs. 130-131. Mordella auronotata, Lea.
Pee ilo, ‘2s 7 iridea, Lea.
Front tibia and tarsus of—
Fig. 133. ... Mordella tarsalis, Lea.

323

NOTES ON THE REMARKABLE HAILSTORM. NEAR
ADELAIDE, ON MAY 12, 1917.

By Wa.ter Howcuin, F.G.8., Lecturer in Geology,
University of Adelaide.

[Read July 12, 1917.]

Pruate XVI.

A thunderstorm passed over the southern suburbs of
Adelaide on the morning of Saturday, May 12, 1917, and
was accompanied by hailstones of unusual size and of peculiar
forms. ‘here had been mutterings of distant thunder with
showers during the preceding night. Between 9 o’clock and
10 o’clock on the morning of the 12th a densely-black cloud
appeared to the north-west, showing violent agitation along
the advancing front of the storm. As the cloud overspread
the sky thunder was heard and rain began to fall. Several
flashes of lightning and thunder-claps occurred in quick suc-
cession, and were followed by a deluge of rain, accompanied
by hailstones. The fall of hail was in two sections, separated
by an interval of only a few minutes, during which the rain
nearly ceased, and only sporadic hailstones, mostly of large
size, fell; the second of the maxima being of the greater
intensity, and was accompanied by the largest hailstones.

THE HAILSTONES.

The common type of hailstone, which is soft, white, and
snow-like, was apparently absent, or, if present, was obscured
by the more numerous and larger examples. So far as my
observation went the hailstones that fell in the shower were
of the hard kind, and consisted almost entirely of clear and
transparent ice. One notable feature was a great uniformity
of form under several well-marked types. Among the more
distinctive of these were the following : —

1. SMootH SPHERICAL Forms (pl. xvi., fig. 1).—These
were perfectly round and smooth, of a dull white colour, and
of all sizes up to about five-eighths of an inch in diameter,
or a little more than that. Up to this size they were as
round as marbles (which they greatly resembled), and in
colour and smoothness were similar to the nitre-balls sold
by chemists. Some of the same type reached a size of three-
quarters of an inch, but.the larger examples were not quite
so symmetrical as the smaller ones. Many of these hard,
spherical forms, on striking the ground, split in halves, lke

L2

324

split peas of a large size. The internal structure showed a
small nucleus, with radial crystals of ice that passed from
the centre to the circumference, and, less distinctly, con-
centric lines, much resembling the radial and concentric lines
often seen in stalactites. The whitish colour that they pos-
sessed appeared to be superficial. In the process of melting
the surface had a peculiar granular appearance, which may
have been caused by the terminals of the radial ice crystals.
Some of the larger examples weighed about a quarter of an
ounce.

2. LENTICULAR AND PapiLLous Forms.—A large number
(probably half of the hailstones that fell) were lens-shaped,
or biconvex, very symmetrical in outline, and showing a
remarkable structure. There was a nucleus of ice that
appeared to possess a similar structure to the smooth,
spherical forms described as No. 1 variety. This nucleus,
which formed about one-fourth of the diameter of the hail-
stone, was surrounded by clear and transparent ice that
formed a zone of about one-eighth of an inch in diameter ;
and the latter was again surrounded by a narrow band of
what had the appearance of vesicular ice in a delicate lace-
like pattern, while the remainder of the lens (forming the
periphery) consisted of clear ice. A curious effect was pro-
duced in some cases by the edge of the lens taking the form
of a ring of beads, giving it a serrated appearance (pl. xvi.,
fig. 2). Some examples of this type had a subglobular form,
in which case the whole of the surface was covered with
coarse tubercles or short, and blunt, spines. Large examples
of the lenticular type measured an inch in diameter, and
preserved their lenticular outline, while melting, to the last.

3. Sprnous Forms.—These were, perhaps, the most
peculiar and striking of the forms observed (pl. xvi., figs. 5
and 6). They were mostly of lenticular shape, the nucleus
consisting of the usual concentric structure, and rising
abruptly from the periphery of the hailstone were promin-
ences which tapered towards their extremities, like spines
(pl. xvi., fig. 5). In some cases a hailstone carried’ a few
such spines sticking out from the main body at various angles,
like the old English weapon of war, known as the “morning
star,’ which was a wooden ball furnished with iron spikes.
(See figures in text.) In a few instances, noticed by others
as well as by myself, the spines took a cruciform shape, as
shown in pl. xvi, fig. 6. In the example here drawn, one
delicate spine, three- -quarters of an inch in length, had the
appearance of a miniature icicle, with a sharp point, and the
broken bases of three other spines, no doubt broken by the
fall, were present, the spines being exactly antipodal to each

325

ether. The triangular form, shown in the figure in the text,
probably belongs to the same class. Figs. 2, 5, and 6, in
pl. xvi., represent a related series, passing from simple bead-_
like prominences, as in fig. 2, to the long and attenuated
spines seen in fig. 6, between which there were many grada-
tions; and the three figures, included in the text, show a
similar development in the direction of few but coarse spines.
4. AGGLUTINATED Forms.—-These comprised the largest
examples of the hailstones, and many of this class assumed
most remarkable shapes. Among the various forms noticed
were : — :
(a) Flask-shaped: a sphere containing a nucleus which
had the appearance of the smooth and spherical examples,
described as No. 1 variety, surrounded by clear ice, with a

Ss > : . \\ 7
Sty x a

¥ ~
7, 6s
j Y,

‘Size and shape of hailstones which fell at Millswood
between 10 and 11 a.m. on Saturday last. Each one
weighed just } oz. and measured 13 in. across after having
been brought in from lawn to warm room.”’ This block,
with descriptions, which is reproduced from The Mail of
May 19, 1917, was published from original drawings sent
by an observer.

long and solid neck of uniform thickness, extending from one
side of the main body (pl. xvi., fig. 3).

(6) Elongated: consisted of a main body that was
cylindrical or fusiform in outline, showing on the surface
a@ mosaic pattern, and at either end knob-like extensions that
proceeded from the cylindrical portion (pl. xvi., fig. 7).
The septation, in this class of hailstone, seems to suggest a

326

composite origin of agglutinated hailstones. Some examples
of this shape were fully 2 inches in length.

(c) Irregular in outline: some of this type appeared to
have been formed by the coming together of ice fragments
that united at various angles, forming a surface of uneven
but rounded outlines. Fig 4, pl. xvi., may be taken as a
type of this kind; a similar form is also included among the
figures in the text.

During a hailstorm that occurred in Adelaide two months
later than the notable storm described in this paper, the
writer picked up a hailstone, half an inch in length, the
main body of which consisted of four symmetrical, lobulate
segments, arranged maltese-cross pattern, with two blunt
spines of uniform diameter throughout, and placed at the
opposite extremities of the hailstone (pl. xvi., fig. 8). This
occurrence is interesting, as showing a similar form to some
of those which fell in the storm of May 12.

THUNDERSTORMS.

The very common association of hail with thunderstorms
suggests that there is a certain genetic relationship between
these two things. The conditions favourable for the develop-
ment of a thunderstorm are: a warm and humid layer of
atmosphere in the lower portion with a colder stratum of
air above. These are the conditions that give rise to the
cumulus cloud, and therefore it is this form of cloud that
commonly develops into a thundercloud. An essential feature
is the existence of a marked temperature gradient, which
gives rise to a violent upcurrent of air, which, with a gyratory
movement, carries the moist, warm air to high altitudes,
where the aqueous vapour undergoes rapid condensation ; the
effect of this uprush is seen in the turbulent and gyratory
movements of the storm cloud. The warm current rises in
front of the storm, and in proportion to the violent movement
of uprise there is a corresponding downrush of cool air which
underrides the warm in front. This explains the violent
gusts of wind which commonly accompany thunderstorms.

Much light has been recently thrown on the electric
phenomena of thunderstorms by the observations and experi-
ments of Dr. G. C. Simpson, of the Indian Meteorological
Department, and these have been confirmed and elaborated
by W. J. Humphreys, Professor of Meteorological Physics,
Washington. Dr. Simpson’s experiments show that the rain
which falls during a thunderstorm carries electric charges,
which may be either positive or negative, more frequently

()‘“The Thunderstorm and its Phenomena,’’ Monthly Weather
Review, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, vol. 42, No. 6, June, 1914.

327

the former. The drops in a thundercloud are, therefore,
carriers of small charges of electricity, and by the violent
action of the wind undergo disruption at one instant and
coalescence at another, which makes for electric separation
and accumulation.

Dr. Simpson was led to this conclusion by an experiment
in which drops of distid/ed water were caused to fall through
a vertical blast of air that was sufficiently strong to break
up the drops into spray, which gave the following results : —

1. That breaking of drops of water is accompanied by the
production of both positive and negative ions.

2. That three times as many negative ions as positive ions
are released. .

According to Professor W. J. Humphreys rain cannot fall
through air of ordinary density the upward velocity of which
is greater than 8 meters per second, and if the raindrops are
of such a size as to drop by gravity, or be suspended in the
face of such a current, they are so blown to pieces that the
spray is carried aloft, and, in this way, there is caused an
electrical separation within the cloud. This electrical separa-
tion places a heavily-charged positive layer (within the lower
portion of the cloud) between the negatively-charged earth,
below, and a much higher, heavily-charged negative layer
in the upper portions of the cloud. In such a condition of
electric tension it is easy to understand why an electric dis-
charge, by lightning, should take place, either between
respective clouds or between the positively-charged cloud and
the earth.

FoRMATION oF Hatt.

When a powerful convection current is established the
uprush of warm air may be carried beyond the normal height
at which the cumulus cloud usually floats in the atmosphere.
According to Humphreys it is only beyond the 4-kilometer
level that freezing temperatures are reached. Aqueous
vapour, and perhaps the finest spray, form snow or frost,
while the lhquid drops congeal to ice. Should the upward
rush of air slacken, or should the pellets of hail get outside
the limits of the rising column of air, they would begin to
descend. Reaching lower altitudes they would probably
become coated with fresh moisture, and being caught in
another furious gust of wind would be once more carried up-
ward, together with much rain-spray, to the colder region.
Here the hailstone, with its accrued moisture and possible
union with the finer spray, gathers an additional coating of
snow or ice. Such alternations in movement may occur several
times in the development of a hailstone, and is possibly
limited only by the increasing weight of the hailstone, which
finally brings it down to the ground.

328

The unusual size and varied forms assumed by the hail-
stones that fell during the great storm of May 12 is a sub-
ject of considerable interest. The conditions that produced
these abnormal effects must have been in some ways excep-
tional, but they are difficult to define. It seems moderately
clear that the smooth spherical form, described above as
No. 1, were the original forms, as they were the first to fall,
and they formed the nucleus of more complex forms, as seen
in the lenticular, the flask-shaped, and some, at least, of
the spinous.

It is difficult to explain the existence of spines on many
of the hailstones. Some of the. spines were cylindrical and
blunt, while others were tapering and sharp. Can they have
been drops of rain, attached to the hailstone, that became
elongated by lagging behind during the hailstone’s rapid
passage through the air, and ultimately frozen? These spines
often occurred in polar arrangement—that is, at apposed
extremities—in pairs of two or four. This appeared especi-
ally to be the case with hailstones of elongated form, the
protuberances being joined on to either end.

The lenticular forms, by a similar explanation, might be
regarded as the result of a spinning movement of the spherical
body which formed the nucleus. The latter, if coated with
liquid while spinning on its axis, would exert a centrifugal
force on the liquid which might by this means become spread
out at the periphery.

The agglutinated forms had a more or less irregular sur-
face which appeared to arise from the union of two or
several ice fragments. How was such a union effected? A
mere striking together by collisions would probably result in
rebound. Is it possible that hailstones, diversely electrified,
may be mutually attracted and coalesce as a consequence of
such attraction? The regelation that took place was appar-
ently complete; for while an external pattern of a composite
structure was clearly marked, there were no internal planes
of division—what individual outlines that may have origin-
ally existed were lost in the perfect blending into one body
of clear ice.

Except for the milky-lke surface of the spherical forms
the whole of the hailstones observed were of clear ice, indi-
cating that their origin was not that of frozen vapour, but
frozen rain.

GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STORM.

While the hailstorm extended over a somewhat wide
area, including the city of Adelaide, the abnormal features
were limited to a belt of country, about a quarter of a mile

329

wide, covering the suburbs of Richmond, Keswick, Good-
wood, Unley, and Mitcham. Rain accompanined the hail-
stones, in great sheets, and gusts of wind of cyclonic violence
came at intervals. In the main line of the storm the sound
was that of a continuous roar that drowned all other sounds,

but on either side of this belt it was described as resembling
that of the “firing of heavy and continuous musketry” and “a
continuous roll of deafening thunder.’’ The daily Press
spoke of the round hailstones as “bullets” and others as of
“fantastic shapes.” Trams were stopped to prevent the break-
ing of the windows by the falling hailstones, fowls were killed,
and much damage was done to roofs and glass-houses. The
roads were covered to a depth of several inches by the hail.

Vegetation suffered severely. Tender plants were beaten
to the ground, leaves in large quantities were stripped from
the trees or left in shreds on the branches. Fruit that was
in season was extensively damaged. Olives, oranges, and
lemons were knocked down or damaged on the trees. Pieces
were scooped out of oranges and lemons, in some cases ex-
tending to an inch in length, and penetrated eel the
rind to the fruit.

Hailstorms occurred, on the same morning, at many
places on the Mount Lofty Ranges and at Yankalilla, where
at the latter place a terrific thunderstorm was reported to
have occurred, accompanied by a cyclone and hail the size
of pigeons’ eggs. The wind uprooted trees and blew down
iron fences and windmills. What were believed to be water-
spouts were observed off the coast at Normanville, the sea-
port adjacent to Yankalilla.

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.

On May 10, two days before the Adelaide storm, the
daily weather chart showed an area of low pressure, covering
the Great Bight, which had moved up from the south and
had its 29°9° isobar on the coastline. At the same time there
was a strong anticyclonic centre, situated to the westward of
Perth, and a weak “high” covering New South Wales, with
a flat barometer extending over the rest of the continent.

On the following day, May 11, the chart showed that
the low-pressure centre had moved northward, forming a
well-marked, V-shaped depression between the “highs” on
the west and east, the centre being due south of Adelaide,
with a reading of 29°6° off Cape Northumberland, and a
broad isobaric trough (29°9°) had established itself from the
south coast across the continent to the Gulf of Carpentaria.
This monsoonal trough brought warm temperatures to the
country lying to the westward of Adelaide.

330

On the morning of the hailstorm, May 12, the storm
centre occupied about the same position as on the preceding
day, but the energetic “high” on the west, with a maximum
reading of 30°3°, had advanced slightly during the 24 hours
producing steeper gradients. while the storm area had
widened out to the eastward, taking in the whole of the
south-eastern quadrant of the continent, including Tasmania,
bringing rain over this area from Cape Leeuwin to Brisbane.
The lowest reading of the barometer at Adelaide was coin-
cident with the storm burst that passed over the city. The
thermograph records for the day, courteously placed at my
disposal by Mr. E. Bromley, the Divisional] Officer of the
Weather Bureau, showed that, immediately in front of the
storm there was a sudden rise of temperature, amounting to
6°, and as sudden a fall, to a like extent, immediately after,
and thereby established a contrasted temperature grade, as
well as a steep barometric grade, in adjacent regions, condi-
tions very favourable for the development of electric and
hailstorm effects. The main vortex of the disturbance
appears to. have developed near Adelaide, causing convection
up-draughts and down-draughts of exceptional energy. The
unusual size of the hailstones probably arose from successive
accretions that followed on the rapid and repeated inter-
change of conditions to which the hailstones were subjected
in their flight between the lower and upper layers of the
cloud.

At my request Mr. Bromley has kindly supplied the
following interesting particulars as to the weather conditions
prevailing at the time: —

“Weather Conditions over South Australia between May 10
and May 14, 1917.

“The passage across South Australia of an energetic dis-
turbance between May 11 and 14, 1917, was marked by very
unsettled weather over the southern and coastal portions of
the State, and on the 11th and 12th—more particularly the
latter date—exceptionally severe hail and thunderstorms were
experienced, but chiefly over parts of the metropolitan area
and Mount Lofty Ranges.

“The depression was first noted on the 10th, having
pushed up suddenly over the Bight. It was then only of
moderate intensity, but on the following morning it had
increased considerably in energy and covered the whole of
the State, with its centre south of Adelaide. The disturb-
ance was connected inland by a trough of low pressure which
stretched northwards to the Gulf of Carpentaria. |

_ “A. large anticyclone covered the whole of Western Aus-
tralia on Friday. (11th), and although this system spread |

331

eastwards over the far north-western parts of South Aus-
tralia, the ‘low’ was still centred south of Adelaide on Satur-
day, thus producing steep barometric gradients between the
Bight and our South-East coast.

“Mild northerly winds marked the approach of the ‘low’
on the 10th, and on that day the maximum shade readings
at several stations rose above 70°, the highest temperature
having been 73° at Fowler Bay. These mild winds were, no
doubt, drawn southwards from the tropics and heavily charged
with moisture. With the advent of the cold and strong south-
west winds, reported along the coast, west from Kangaroo
Island, on the 11th, combined with the cyclonic nature of
the depression, conditions were most favourable for the pro-
duction of thunderstorms, hail, and rain.

“The weather became cloudy and unsettled on Thursday,
and by Friday morning light and general rain was recorded
south from Hawker, and hail was reported at Fowler Bay,
where the temperature had fallen 30°. At Adelaide an
exceptionally heavy shower with hail fell on Friday morning,
about 9 o’clock, and in the space of three minutes 24 points
were recorded (a rate of nearly 5 inches an hour).

“The temperature, during the storm, fell to 462°, but
subsequently rose to a maximum of 57°9° later in the day.

“On Saturday morning the depression had further in-
creased in energy, but the trough of the ‘low’ was still
centrally situated south of Adelaide. During the day (12th)
the weather was very unsettled and wintry, and further hail-
storms, accompanied by thunderstorms, were experienced
over the southern and south-eastern parts of South Australia,
but more particularly over the Mount Lofty Ranges and the
southern portions of the metropolitan area. The hail was
exceptionally large; many pieces were the size of marbles,
while some were as large as pigeon eggs.

“At Yankalilla a tornado was experienced between 8 and
9 o’clock in the morning. Other places on the Mount Lofty
Ranges experienced cyclonic storms of a violent nature during
the day as well as severe hailstorms.

“At Adelaide the temperature after the passage of the
hailstorms fell to about 45°. The lowest barometer reading
occurred about 10 a.m. on the 12th, when the centre of the
‘low’ passed the meridian of Adelaide. The pressure then
rose, and by the following morning the depression was
centrally located over Tasmania. On Sunday (13th) the
weather was cold, with passing showers and squalls, and
during the night heavy and steady rain set in, and for the
48 hours ended 8.30 a.m. on Monday (14th), many stations
over the lower north, central, and southern districts

332

registered from 1 to 2 inches, while on parts of the Mount
Lofty Ranges the totals exceeded 3 inches, with a maximum
of 534 points at Uraidla.

“The passage of a low-pressure trough usually coincides
with the maximum of atmospheric instability, and in this
case 1t seems probable that the exceptional energy developed
was in some way connected with the arrival of the colder
and denser air of the anticyclonic front, for the sudden
change from cyclonic to anticyclonic conditions is almost
invariably associated with violent atmospheric disturbances,
and not infrequently thunder and hailstorms. Winter
thunderstorms are by no means uncommon over the southern
parts of Australia; in fact, they are nearly always asso-
ciated with deep antarctic disturbances. As the centres of
these systems, however, chiefly keep well over the ocean, the
full effect of the storms is seldom felt on the mainland.”

“EK. BRoMLEY,
“Divisional Officer, Weather Bureau, Adelaide.”

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVI.
(All figures are of natural size.)

Fig. 1. Spherical form, showing radial and concentric lines
in clear ice. Hailstones of this type fell at the beginning of the
storm, and, later, formed the nucleus of larger ones, as seen in
figs: 12, woe to; 6:

Fig. 2. Lenticular hailstone, showing nucleus surrounded by
a corona of small ice fractures with beads or blunt prominences
on the peripheral margin. A.—Side view; B.—Shows lenticular
outline.

Fig. 3. Subspherical hailstone with a protuberance on one
side, giving it a flask-shaped outline.

Fig. 4. Oblong and subquadrate hailstone with two pro-
tuberances symmetrically arranged.

Fig. 5. Lenticular hailstone with short spines on the peri-
pheral margin.

Fig. 6. Lenticular hailstone, with a sharply-pointed spine
three-quarters of an inch in length, and the bases of three other
spines in positions antipodal to each other, in pairs.

Fig. 7. Agglutinated compound hailstone, ovately-spherical
in outline, consisting, apparently, of a group ‘of hailstones that
had coalesced and were united by relegation films that had the
appearance of septal bands between the respective units. Two of
these stood out prominently and formed knobs at the extremities
of the longer axis.

Fig. 8. A compound hailstone, in which four units were
symmetrically combined in a subglobular cruciform pattern. Two
small spines, of uniform size and outline, extended from each
extremity of the longer diameter. This hailstone fell during a
storm in Adelaide on July 3, 1917.

333

| NoTES ON SOME SOUTH AUSTRALIAN: EUCALYPTS.
By J. H. Marpen, I.8.0., F.R.S:, Honorary Fellow.
[Read August 9, 1917.]

The following are a few additional notes on South Aus-
tralian eucalypts, chiefly concerned with the nomenclature of
the subject, and in the course of the paper I have had occasion
to refer to a recently-published article by Messrs. R. T. Baker
and H. G. Smith,” in which some of my previous determina-
tions have been called in question.

1. E. piversirouia, Bonpl. (#. santalifolia, F. v. M.).
The writers who have dealt with this species are : —

1. Bonpland, who first described it under the name of
#. dwersifolia in 1813,@ and his descriptive account is
reproduced in my “Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus”
(hereinafter called Crit. Rev.), part vu., p. 197.

2. Mueller, who in 1855 redescribed the species under
the name of #. santalifolia (see Crit. Rev., vii., p. 199). In
his “Eucalyptographia’’ he figures #. pachyloma, Benth., as
his #. santalifola, and makes a number of consequential
errors in the text.

“H. santalifolia and EL. pachyloma, though placed widely
apart and into different sections of his anthereal system by
Bentham are, as far as I can judge, quite identical.” —
Mueller, in “HKucalyptographia.”’

We have Bentham’s authority for the statement (B. F1.,
iii., 206) that “this (#7. santalifolia) is now reduced by F.
Mueller to a form of #. obliqua, but besides the foliage, the
shape of the fruit is different, being nearly that of JZ.
macrorrhyncha or E. camtellata.”

This is additional evidence that Mueller did not really
know his own species, and, indeed, it is a very great advan-
tage to a botanist to see the species in the field. To visit
critical forms in the field has been an important object of
my life. Mueller once told me of some confusion which
Alphonse De Candolle caused in regard to one of his own
species, and, realizing the humour of the position, he added,
“He did not know his own child!”

3. Bentham (B. Fl., ui., 240) added ZL. diversifolia as
a synonym of £#. viminalis, Labill., under which he

(1) Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xl., p. 464.

(2) This work bears the date 1813 on the title-page, but the
latter parts were not published till 1816 (B. FI., iii., 119)

334

erroneously included other species (see my Crit. Rev., xxviii.,
172). He also furnished a description of LH. santalifolia,
F. v. M., at B. Fl., iii., 206, and additional notes at pp. 217
and 230, which are explained in my Crit. Rev., vil., pp. 199,
200. Some of his material was probably mixed.

4. The French botanist Naudin, who had access both to
Bonpland’s original specimens of H. diversifolia and to the
progeny therefrom, wrote two papers : —

(a) “Mémoire sur les Eucalyptus introduits dans la
région Méditerranéenne.” Ann. des Sc. Nat., 6° Sér. Bot ,
t. xvi. (No. 6), p. 413 (1883).

(6) “Description et emploi des Eucalyptus introduits cu
Kurope, principalement en France et en Algérie.’ Antibes,
1891.

(a) is quoted as lst Mém. and (6) as 2nd Mém.

Naudin’s remarks are valuable, not only because of his
valuable contributions to a knowledge of the genus, but also
because he was in possession of the French traditions as to
EB. dwersifolia. Following is a translation of what he said : —

E. diversifolia, Bonpl.: Nav. et. Malm.,@) p. 35, tab. 13;
D.C. Prod., iii., 220. Species mistakenly identified with E.
viminalis by Bentham.

A lofty tree [this is a slip; it only grows to 12-15 metres
according to ‘his own showing.—J. H. M.], the older bark falling
off in ragged pieces, leaving the trunk smooth. Leaves in the
juvenile stage opposite and sessile, oblong-ellivtical, in the
adolescent stage alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, ‘lightly or not
faleate, coriaceous, rigid, shining. Umbels ay wary, peduncu-
late, often 9-11 flowered; flowers shortiy pedicellate;
operculum shortly conical. Fruit broadly turbinate, rather
woody, flattened on the upper side; capsule the same length as
the calyx-tube, four-celled at the most, and opening with the
same number of apertures.

The original of the above is in Latin. It is one of his
“biforme’’ species (7.e., where the differences between the
juvenile and adult leaves are much accentuated).

He then gives an expanded translation of the above
referred to Latin, in French. He goes on to say: —

This tree, that Mr. Bentham has confused with E. viminalis,
from which it is very different, seems to me one of the least
variable of the species. I have always found it uniform in the
different gardens of Provence (Nice, Antibes, St. Raphael, Hyéres,
Toulon), as well as the nursery at Hamma, near Algiers, where it
attains a height of 12-15 metres. It is certainly one of the first
eucalypts which has been introduced into France, perhaps the
first of all, since it was in cultivation at la Malmaison from the
beginning of the century, and it flourished, when in 1813 Bon-
pland published his descriptions of the plants of this establishment.

(3) His method of quoting Bonpland’s work, ‘‘Desecription de
plantes rare cultivées 4 Malmaison et a Navarre.”

335

The figure he gives of it also makes it easy to recognize. At the
time the tree was also cultivated in the Garden of the Marine
at Toulon, and according to a note from M. Robert, then director
of this garden, he had received it direct from la Malmaison.
owe the communication of this note to M. Chabaud, naval botanist:
of the St. Mandrier Garden, near Toulon [1 have a specimen
from this garden.—_J. H. M. and it is this which has put me
in the. way of recognizing the species,

I have no information as to the forestry value of this species ;
so far it is simply an ornamental garden tree (Naudin, 1st Mém.,
413).

Naudin practically repeats the above, with the following
addition : —

Following Mueller, HE. diversifolia, ‘Bonpl., would be con-
founded with £. santalifolia (““Bucalyptographia’ ’); however, the
species there described hardly agrees with the figure [it is really
E. pachyloma, as I have already stated.—_J. H. M.], nor with
the description of this last work, where, among other differences,
E. santalifolia is indicated as a mere shrub. But the species of this
genus are so variable that I would not yet like to pronounce as
to the identity or the non-identity of these two species (2nd Mém.,
50).

5. I attach a translation of what Dr. Diels said, for
completeness sake, but it does not help us much : —

Mueller Potent it (6 E. pachyloma, Benth.) to be identical
with E. santalifolia. This opinion, however, so far is hardly
confirmed. The areas given by Mueller are widely separated, the
South Australian localities being more than a thousand miles dis-
tant from the Western Australian ones, I have not seen the
plants.—Diels, in Engler’s Jahrb., xxxv., 442 (1905).

6. The present writer, whe has dealt with the species:
(a) Crit. Rev., vil., p. 197 (1905), where I included both
E. santalifolia and 2. tors Cee in F#. diversifolia; (b}
in these Trans., xxxil., 279 (1908) ; (c) Journ. W.A. Nat.
Piers, -Soc.;> iii... -D. 166 (Jan., 1911), where I stated,
“Tt 18 quite impossible to keep B. pachyloma as a synonym
of #. diversifolia.”

I travelled extensively in South Australia in 1907, and:
E. diversifolia was deliberately investigated by me. Simi-
larly, when I made a prolonged tour of Western Australia in
1909, I made a special trip after 4. pachyloma, as I con-
sidered it required further investigation.

Mueller and I are quite in agreement in considering
E. diversifolia and EF. santalifolia as conspecific, but he makes
the following extraordinary excuse for suppressing Bon-
pland’s in favour of his own name : —

The name of EH. diversifolia, given by Bonpland, had to be
discarded, although he described ‘the. species already in 1813, and
adit illustrated by Bessa simultaneously, because the plant as
defined. by him represents that very young state in which, as in
most species of eucalyptus, the leaves pass from the broad form of
juvenile plants into the narrow shape of the leaves, normal for

336

adult trees. The illustration indicates well that the leaves of
the young seedlings are opposite sessile and oval, a sort of char-
acteristic which ‘is particularly applicable for the discrimination
of specific forms also in this genus (‘‘Eucalyptographia,”’ under E.
santalifolia).

Bessa’s plate (not ‘‘Massa,” as printed in Messrs. Baker
and Smith’s paper) was before me when I wrote my Crit.
Rev., part vu., although, for reasons of space, I only
reproduced a'‘pair of juvenile leaves (fig. 5, plate xxxvi.). I
have the plate again before me, and I say that (though not
faultless, according to our modern standards), it is certainly
the most complete of the early drawings of eucalypts, showing
practically everything that a modern botanist requires,
and is perhaps the earliest detailed drawing which especially
depicts the contrasting juvenile foliage. If, as it appears,
it is Mr. Baker’s object to follow Mueller in suppressing Bon-
pland’s species, I do not think he will get any botanist to
agree with him.

Mueller not only suppressed diversifolia in favour of his
own santalifolia, but many years later he included pachyloma
with his species, and in the ‘‘Eucalyptographia”’ (under £.
santalifolia), he goes on to make deductions as to the similari-
ties and dissimilarities of his 2. santalifolia (his “Eucalypto-
graphia’ species, and not his original species) with £.
capitellata, FE. diverstfolia, and EF. viminalis, which are quite
erroneous because of his wrong identification.

Mr. Baker goes on to say, p. 469:—‘“‘Bentham, when
mentioning this species (H. santalifolia) under FL. viminalis
[Bentham never mentioned /. santalifolia under FL. viminalis ;
he mentioned #. diversifolia.—J. H. M.], states that ‘the
flowers are rather numerous in the umbel and the fruit large.’
Now six flowers are the most we have seen in H#. santalifolia
{I have seen as many as seven, but usually not more than
six.—J. H. M.]. Mueller’s figure shows only three at the
most.’”’ The fact is, Mueller’s figure is 2. pachyloma, which
Bentham describes as having peduncles “each with 2 to 4
rather large flowers.”

Mr. Baker says he has not seen Massa’s (Bessa’s) plate.
He stresses Bentham’s confusion of FH. diversifolia with FE.
viminalis—one of Bentham’s few mistakes—and as the mis-
take is perfectly well ascertained, there seems no special
reason to emphasize it on the present occasion.

I will deal further with #. pachyloma in my Crit. Rev.,
as promised in Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., ili, p: 166
(Jan, 1911), where I rehabilitated it. It has not been
further dealt with, as other species appeared to require earlier
attention.

)

337

Some Morpuotocicat Notes.—Mr. Baker, p. 470, states
that “unfortunately, no one seems to have described the
‘sucker,’ or abnormal [why ‘abnormal’ ?—J. H. M.] leaves of
E. santalifolia, or, for the matter of that, LH. diversifolia, so
it is difficult to understand how the latter name applies to
Mueller’s tree, as the leaves are not diverse.” Almost all
species of Eucalyptus show “diverse” leaves, the juvenile
leaves being different from the adult ones, and the number
of species in which the juvenile and adult leaves are
apparently not diverse is diminishing as additional material
is collected. In other words, the series “uniforme”’ and
“biforme”’ of Naudin, and the terms isoblastic or homoblastic
on the one hand, and heteroblastic on the other, used by
later authors, by degrees become relative and not absolute.
I collected juvenile leaves of H. diverstfolia in South Aus-
tralia, and have perfect suites of them, but as they were
fairly depicted in Bessa’s plate, I did not fully draw atten-
tion to them.

The reason why I did not reproduce the plate in my
Crit. Rev., to which omission Mr. Baker draws attention,
was for reasons of expense, as it is a large folio, and I con-
sider that in reproducing the juvenile foliage and republishing
Bonpland’s description I did all that could be expected
of me.

But although the juvenile leaves of #. diversifolia were
not formally described in the Crit. Rev., Mr. Baker has
ignored fig. 8 and fig. 8a of pl. xxxvi. of that work, in which
is depicted two pairs of juvenile leaves, collected by Mr.
Walter Gill-in the Port Lincoln district. Do not these
describe them sufficiently? Compare fig. 8 with fig. 5, a pair
of juvenile leaves taken from Bessa’s plate. The fig. 8a
shows an extreme form, for there is a marvellous amount of
variation in the juvenile leaves of this species. However,
since that time I have twice described the juvenile foliage,
viz., these Transactions, xxxli., p. 279, and Journ. W.A.
Nat. Hist. Soc., ii., p. 166.

It remains now to categorically point out that Mr. Baker
has no justification for the conclusion in the latter part of
the following statement:—“Of the identity of ZF. santali-
folia, as now established, there can be no doubt, and as the
chemical data are made on that species, there is no
alternative but to retain that name for the result of this
investigation.”

The flattened or horizontal rim in #. diversifolia is a
character, although there is a tendency to convexity of the
rim, which undoubtedly led Mueller into his mistake of con-
fusing the species with 2. pachyloma, a species in which this

338

convexity is exaggerated. The flatness of the rim ‘is well
brought out in Bessa’s plate, the fruits depicted being the
small form often found in this species; indeed, there is much
variation in size. The fruits of #. diversifolia have often
corky tuberculate excrescences.

Some Notes on Distrisution.—I have a specimen bear-
ing the label, “Hucalyptus diversifolia, Bonpland. Confondu
par Bentham avec |’ #. viminalis, et par Fd. Miieller avec le
santalifolia (Ch. Ndn.).’”’ (Charles Naudin.) “Jardin de la
Marine a Ste Mandrier, Toulon (France), Ch. Ndn.” It
is referred to already, and is quite typical.

As regards the range, indicated at pp. 201 and 202 of
my Crit. Rev., the following additions and amendments may
be made: -—

The Western Australian localities must be deleted, for
EL. diversifolia does not extend to that State; the references
to that State belong to #. pachyloma.

The specific Victorian locality, near Cape Nelson, is
Mount Chaucer. .

[At Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxix., p. 768 (1904),
I have drawn attention to a specimen of a sheet of mixed
Western Australian material distributed by Preiss under his
No. 252, some of which belongs of H. patens, Benth. At all
events, none of the material distributed under No. 252 is
either #. pachyloma or EF. diversifolia, and the matter may be
dismissed from the present investigation. |

Under South Australia it may be added that the type of
EF. diversifolia came from Kangaroo Island. Waterhouse’s
specimen (No. 4) was labelled “#. viminalis, according to
Bentham ; Z. santalifolia, F. M.,” by Mueller. Tate’s speci-
men (No. 5) was labelled “#. santalifolia, by Mueller.” I
have recorded it from Cape Coudie (Dr. R. S. and Mrs.
Rogers). See these Transactions, xxxlil., p. 279. I have
since obtained it from American Beach (H. H. D. Griffith,
through J. M. Black) and Rocky River (Walter Gill).

The original locality given for #. santalifolia is “in the
mallee scrub on the River Murray, on St. Vincent and
Spencer Gulfs” (see Crit. Rev., vii., p. 199). A scrub mallee,
with dark bark, near East Wellington (River Murray), sent
by Mr. J. M. Black, precisely matches the localities men-
tioned in Crit. Rev., vii., p. 202, collected by Mr. Cambage.

Miquel (Ned. Kruidk. Archief., iv.) added the localities
“Salt Creek” [I do not know the precise locality of this Salt
Creek, but there are several in Eyre Peninsula.—J. H. M.]
and “Marble Range, Port Lincoln,” which is a locality in
which I collected many specimens. In these Transactions,
xxxli., p. 279, I recorded that I found the species to be

339

abundant between Port Lincoln and Lake Wangary, and
described juvenile leaves and made other morphological
references.

Proceeding further west, we come to Port Elliston
(specimens from Dr. R. 8. Rogers), about 100 miles west
of Port Lincoln. The locality, Venus Bay (quoted B. FI.,
ill., p. 206), for #. santadifolia, is the bight formed about the
mouth of Anderson Inlet, and is some miles further on. It
is the nearest recorded locality towards Western Australia,
unless the following locality (also Eyre Peninsula) should be
nearer : —

Minnipa, Eyre Peninsula (“Soap Mallee’). “Some say
the name is given because the wood is soft and rotten; but
others, and they are more likely correct, because of the soapy
appearance of the stem and branches. Not very plentiful’
(W. J. Spafford).

The specimen labelled “FH. wiminalis, var. diversifolia”’
(No. 8, p. 201, part vii., Crit. Rev.), came from Guichen
Bay, according to the late Mr. J. G. Luehmann, late
Government Botanist of Victoria. See also B. FI., ii., p.
206, where Bentham (following Mueller) records H. santalv-
fola from Guichen Bay. Guichen Bay has on its southern
shore the township of Robe, which is the most southerly
South Australian locality known to me, and the nearest to
the only recorded Victorian locality (Cape Nelson). I have
specimens of #. diversifolia from Robe (C. D. Black, through
J. M. Black).

; 2. E. oporata, Behr.

At p. 472 Mr. Baker quotes me as writing of this species
in Crit. Rev., vol. i1., part i., p. 26, as well as Trans. Roy.
Soc. S. Austr., 1903, where he (the present writer) “goes
fully into the synonymy of the species... With most of this
latter synonymy we are not in accord, especially placing
EL. Lansdowmana [should be Lansdowneana.—J. H. M.] under
EH. odorata.”

I have two courteous protests to make here. One is,
Mr. Baker’s method of quotation, the volume and page of
the present Transactions not being cited. I have written
on #. odorata in these Transactions, xxvil., p. 240 (1903).
He omits reference to my further notes on Z#. odorata in
XXXll., p. 281 (1908). Secondly, the date of the part of the
Crit. Rev. quoted by Mr. Baker is 1910, and without going
into the question as to whether my 1903 work is modified by
my 1910 work (I have not collated them), I claim to be
judged by my latest utterance on a given subject. As, with
one exception, he does not state which of “most of this latter
synonymy” he does not agree with, I cannot be Sab ata to
solve the problem.

340

3. E. cNEORIFOLIA, DC.

Mr. Baker says, p. 474, “So far it has not been depicted
in any Australian publication.’’ In view of figs. 11-16, pl.
Ix., of part xii. of my Crit. Rev., I do not understand the
statement. .

4. E. BuackBurRNIANA, Maiden, ined.

Mr. Baker, at p. 478, publislfes a name which I had
sent to him in manuscript, and therefore under the seal of
confidence, for it had not been published. This is one of a
number of forms that I am dealing with in Crit. Rev. in
conjunction with the claims of others for treatment, and I
very much regret this premature publication, which can only
lead to trouble in the future.

5. EK. caLycocona, Turcz.

Mr. Baker, p. 478, says, “So this should be added to the
South Australian flora.” This was already done, as far back
as 19035. m°Crif!" Rev) part i p. 83:

6. E. HEMIPHLOIA, F. v. M.

Mr. Baker, p. 479, quotes my Crit. Rev., vol. ii., p. 15
(t.e., part x1.). Pages 31 and 32 may also be referred to,
and also these Trans., xxxil., p. 283. I searched for Z£.
hemiphlora on Eyre Peninsula (including two recorded locali-
ties) for a week, but failed to find the species, which is very
well known to me as a New South Welshman. I, how-
ever, abundantly matched the reputed hemiphloia of Brown,
Wilhemi, and Tate, specimens of which I took both on Eyre
Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. I could only find white
and pink flowering forms of odorata. Mr. Baker’s specimens
are admittedly doubtful, nor is there hemiphloia at Mount
Remarkable. It is impossible to prove a negative in a case
like this, that is to say, 4. hemiphloia may still be found in
some South Australian localities not yet revealed. Botanists
will have to choose between: (a) my evidence, the result. of a.
deliberate investigation undertaken in South Australia, in
which I collected full suites of specimens, including small
logs, compared in the field and herbarium, with the actual
specimens collected by those on which the name hemiphlova
(as far as South Australia is concerned) was based; and
(6) Mr. Baker’s remarks.

7. E. srcotor, A. Cunn.

This is a species which, at p. 480, Mr. Baker calls /.
largiflorens, F. v. M. I have already (Crit. Rev., part x1.,
p. 10) recorded it from South Australia, which Mueller had
done before me in the “Eucalyptographia,’ and Bentham,

341

based on Mueller, even earlier (B. Fl., iii., p. 215). As Mr.
Baker does not quote the specimens seen by him in the Tate
Collection, Adelaide University, I cannot» follow him, but
(apart from specimens undoubtedly bicolor) I have a note
that two specimens examined by me in the Tate Collection,
and labelled ‘“lVargiflorens,” are really Mr. Baker’s intertexta,
a species widely distributed in South Australia, which Mr.
Baker entirely omits. The two specimens to which I refer
are: (a) Mount Illbillie, Everard Ranges (R. Helms, Elder
Expedition, June 5, 1891), recorded by Mueller and Tate as
E. largiflorens in these Transactions, xvi., p. 358; (b) Gosse
Range (Revs. Schwarz and Schultze), received from Melbourne
Herbarium. There is a third specimen seen by Tate which I
have imperfectly cited in my notes.

8: E.-ovata, ‘Lakuall.

Synonym of FH. acervula, Hook. f. JI can only ask my
readers to examine the evidence at Crit. Rev., vol. i11., part 7
(part xxvii.), for themselves, consult Labillardiére’s plate
and description, and make careful tours in South Australia,
and stand in front of the trees themselves. I have no
objection to Mr. Baker’s criticism at p. 481.

9. HE. LEucoxyLon, F. v. M.

No South Australian species was revised by me more
carefully than this, and I must ask a reference to Crit. Rev.,
xli., p. 88, which Mr. Baker omits. I spared no pains to get
at the literature and at the types, while there are many
figures on pl. lvi. I had many conversations both with the
late Mr. J. Ednie Brown and Mr. Walter Gill on this species,
and on a long tour the latter pointed out to me the various
local forms. My conclusions are set out at p. 92. Mr. Baker
superficially deals with the species at p. 488 of the paper
under consideration.

10. E. cLapocaLtyx, F. v. M.

This species was described in Linnaea, xxv., p. 388
(1852), and the description is quite in order. The description
was repeated in Ned. Kruidk. Archief., iv., p. 135 (1856),
and again in Walpers’ Annales botanices systematicae, iv.,
p. 825 (1857). Then, furtively, Mueller redescribed it in
Fragm., u., p. 43, under the name of FL. corynocalyz. I say
furtively because he did not mention that the species had
been already described three times in difficultly accessible
works. He mentions the references, but not cladocalyx, and
it is not to be found in the Index. I drew attention to this:
violation of the laws of nomenclature in Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, xxix., p. 768 (1904). 2. cladocalyz is un-
doubtedly the original name..

342

ADDITIONS TO THE ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS OF
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

By R. S. Rogers, M.A., M.D.
[Read September 13, 1917.]
Piate XVII.

1. THELYMITRA AZUREA, N. Sp.

Plant 4 to 16 inches high; with a rather long, narrow-
linear, often filiform leaf and a raceme of 1 to 12 deep bright-
blue (azure) flowers; one acuminate cauline bract. Segments
of perianth veined, 5 to 6 lines long.

Column rather widely winged; the hood between the
penicillate appendages deeply tripartite, the lobes being
purple with yellow denticulate tips, the middle one shorter
than and imbricate over the outer ones; the hair-tufts
purple, borne upwards and forwards on two lateral expan-
sions of the column.

Stigma large, ovate, occupying the greater part of the
anterior surface of the column, with a prominent glistening
rostellum in its upper part.

Anther with a moderately long point, adnate to the
base of the middle and posterior lobe of the hood; pollen-
masses connected by distinct caudicle to rostellum.

This plant is somewhat closely related to Thelymitra
ixztoides, Sw., from which, however, it differs in its narrow
leaf, an the fact that it has one single acuminate bract on the
stem, instead of two clasping ones; in the azure colour of its
flowers and in the absence of spots on the dorsal sepal and
lateral petals; also in the much deeper clefts between the
middle and adjacent lobes of the hood and in the absence of
the crest of two or more rows of calli on the middle lobe,
which is characteristic of 7. zziowdes. Its time of blooming is
also about a month later than this latter species. .

Its slender habit and narrow leaf readily distinguish
it from the robust wide-leafed species of Mueller known as
T. epipactoides. In the latter plant the middle lobe of the
hood is higher than the adjacent lobes; in 7. azurea it is
lower. The shot-silk colour of the flowers and the relatively
small stigma in Mueller’s species are also points of
differentiation.

Found blooming in great numbers between Mount Com-
pass and Victor Harbour on November 19, 1916. It appears
to be very localized in its distribution.

The specific name refers to the beautiful colour of the
flowers.

343.

2. THELYMITRA TRUNCATA, N. sp.

Plant slender, about a foot high, with 2 clasping cauline
bracts and 2 to 6 blue flowers in the raceme.

Two segments of the perianth (lateral petals) are spotted.

Column rather widely winged ; hood with a single yellow
- glandular lobe in the form of a truncated cone between the
penicillate appendages ; upper border of this lobe is horizontal
and slightly denticulated; hair-tufts white, projecting
upwards to a level slightly higher than the middle lobe.

Anther with a well-marked point, lying beneath middle
lobe of hood, to which it is adnate.

Stigma large, somewhat quadrangular in shape, with a
depression in upper border, at the base of which is situated
the rostellum.

This plant is sufficiently distinctive not to be easily mis-
taken for other members of the genus. Perhaps it
most nearly approaches 7’. longifolia, Forster. In this latter
species, however, the lobe of the hood between the hair-tufts
_ is dark-coloured and shortly bilobed or emarginate, whereas
it is yellow and truncated in the new species; also in 7.
longifolia none of the perianth segments are spotted.

From 7'. ixioides it is readily distinguished by the fact
that it has but a single lobe between the hair-tufts instead
of three, as in that species. .

My specimens were collected at Myponga, October 29, 1917

The specific name refers to the shape of the middle lobe.
of the hood of the column.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
. 1. Thelymitra azurea.

Fig. 1.. Front view of column showing stigmatic surface and
rostellum.

Fig. 2. Side view of column showing the lobes of the hood.

Fig. 3. A view of the column looking downward from the
back showing the posterior (middle) lobe and two adjacent lateral
lobes, together with the penicillate appendages. bi hair-tufts
of the latter are purple in colour.

Fig. 4. A top view of the column showing the same parts as
fig. 3, and illustrating the way in which the middle (nosterior)
lobe overlaps the two ‘adjacent ones.

2. Thelymitra truncata. )

Fig. 1. Side view of column showing the single truncated
lobe of the hood situated between the penicillate appendages. The
dotted portion is yellow in colour, and the superior margin of the
lobe is slightly denticulated.

Fig. 2. A front view of the column showing the stigmatic
slirfseer and rostellum, above which is seen a portion of the anther,

Fig. 3. A top view of the hood of the column showing the~
truncated yellow (dotted) lobe between the penicillate appendages. »
The tip of the anther is seen projecting within. the horseshoe
formed by the upper margin of this lobe. Hair-tufts are white.

344

RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN
CHALCIDOIDEA.

By Aan P. Dopp.
[Read October 11, 1917.]

The following species have been collected by the author
in the Cairns district, Northern Queensland, or have been
received from Mr. G. F. Hill, formerly Government
Entomologist of the Northern Territory; a single species is
from Townsville, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Many of
the species have been reared, and the records are of interest ;
several have been bred from that wide-spread pest, the bean-
fly Agromyza phaseoli, Coq., and others are from insects of
economic importance. “The types are in the collection of the
Queensland Museum at Brisbane.

Family CHALCIDIDAE.
STOMATOCEROIDES CLARISCAPUS, N.. sp.

Q. Length, 310 mm. Black; legs reddish-yellow, the
anterior coxae black, the anterior femora and tibiae, dusky,
or the coxae, femora, and tibiae, sometimes almost wholly
dusky-black; antennal scape, pedicel, ring-joint, and funicle
1, testaceous, the rest black; tegulae reddish; abdomen
ventrally more or less washed with red.

Antennal scrobes extending to vertex of head, the
anterior ocellus plainly not within the scrobes. Head,
pronotum, scutum, and_ scutellum, densely umbilicately
punctate, and finely alutaceous, the punctures large;
scutellum faintly emarginate at apex; propodeum without
teeth. Abdomen rather slender, somewhat longer than the
thorax; segment 2 almost as long as the following combined,
4 the shortest, 5 shorter than 3, 6 nearly as long as 3,
7 distinctly longer, 8 fully as long as 7; 2 and 3 smooth,
4 practically smooth except for a row of scattered setae,
5 and 6 with faint surface sculpture and scattered setae,
sculpture distinct and setae more numerous on 7 and 8.
Hind femora not very much larger than their coxae, with
numerous fine comb-like teeth (about 24) along distal half of
ventral margin. Forewings hyaline except for a stain beneath
the marginal vein; marginal vein fully twice as long as the
short stout stigmal, the postmarginal very short. Pedicel
twice as long as wide, longer than any of the funicle joints, of
which 1 is slightly shorter than 2, 3-7 very gradually
shortening, 1 one-fourth longer than wide, 7 quadrate; ring
joint large, ‘but wider than long.

345

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (several females on
leaves of sugarcane, December, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a tag.

Differing from the other species of the genus in having
the first four antennal joints testaceous. The variation in the .
colour of the legs is of interest.

STOMATOCEROIDES RUBRIPES, Girault.

Two females, one male, reared from larvae of a Tineid
inhabiting galls on Hucalyptus platyphylla, Cairns district,
October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.

STOMATOCERAS GRACILICORPUS, Girault.
This is a parasite of the sugarcane bud-moth, Opogonia
glycyphaga, Meyrick; one male, one female were bred from
that host, Cairns district, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.

Family ELASMIDAE.
ELASMUS TELICOTAE, Nn. sp.

Q. Length, 2 mm. Head and thorax rather dark
metallic-green, the postscutellum lJemon-yellow, the thorax
otherwise unmarked with yellow; abdomen intense orange,
the base and apex moderately broadly metallic, the orange
portion unmarked ; legs pale lemon-yellow, the posterior coxae
metallic for about dorsal third; antennal scape lemon-yellow,
the pedicel and flagellum brownish; tegulae lemon-yellow.

Head with the usual umbilicate punctures; scutum with
dense stiff black hairs or bristles, the scutellum naked except
for two bristles against either lateral margin; scutum and
scutellum finely densely scaly. Abdomen slender; with a row
of black setae at sutures of segments. Forewings hyaline;
moderately broad. Pedicel slightly shorter than funicle 3
which is two-thirds longer than wide, 1 a little longer; club
joint 1 a little longer than 2, slightly longer than wide; two
ring joints, the first minute, the second distinct.

3d. Length, 160 mm. Anterior and intermediate coxae
metallic at extreme base, the posterior pair almost wholly
metallic; last two pairs of femora metallic except at base and
apex ; basal half of abdomen ventrad, and a lesser area dorsad,
orange somewhat suffused dusky.

Antennal scape rather short and stout; pedicel short but
much larger than any of the first three funicle joints; one
short ring joint; funicle joints 1-3 very short, each bearing
a-long slender ramus; 4 very long, over twice as long as 1-3
united and much longer than the club, its margins irregularly
serrate like the rami; club joint 1 slightly longer than 2, 3 a
mere nipple.

346

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (a large series bred
from larvae of the Hesperid butterfly, Telicota augias, on
leaves of sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Types.—Three females, one male, on a tag; heads and
- antennae on a slide.

The parasites pupate loosely and naked beside the skin
of the host. Several heads crushed revealed no trace of
mandibles; are they absent? Belonging to that group of
species in which the head and thorax are unmarked metallic
except for the yellow postscutellum, the posterior coxae are
partially metallic, and the abdomen has the base and apex
metallic with a long intermediate yellow area, and containing
unguttativentris, Girault, and murwillumbahensis, Girault,
but differing from both in the long unmarked orange portion
of abdomen.

EURYISCHIA SHAKESPEAREI, Girault.

Several females reared from puparia of a small Dipteron
(Phorid ?) attacking the sugarcane aphid, Aphis sacchari,
October, 1915, Cairns district, A. P. Dodd. A single parasite
emerges from each puparium.

EURYISCHIA ALEURODIS, N. sp.

Q. Length, 0°75 mm. Dull black, unmarked; coxae,
femora, and hind tibiae dusky, the legs otherwise pallid;
antennae wholly clear golden-yellow.

Face inflexed; scutum and scutellum with fine scaly
surface sculpture ; abdomen conic-ovate, the ovipositor a little
exserted. Forewings indefinitely stained beneath marginal
vein; moderately broad; marginal cilia equal to about one-
fifth greatest wing width ; discal cilia fine and dense, at widest
portion in about 30 lines; venation indistinct, fuscous; stigmal
vein two-thirds length of marginal vein. Antennae 9-jointed,
with a ring joint; pedicel slender, as long as first two funicle
joints combined ; funicle joints as wide or a httle wider than
long, 1 distinctly smaller than 2 or 3; club wider than funicle,
joints 1 and 2 rather wider than long.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (four females reared
from Alewrodes on sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—Two females on a slide.

A small inconspicuous species; the ciliation of the fore-
wings is as in shakespeare’.

Family PTEROMALIDAE.

PoLYCYSTOMYIA BENEFICA, Nl. Sp.

Q@. Length, 1775 mm. Agreeing with the generic
diagnosis, but there are delicate obscure lateral carinae that

347

fail anteriorly, and the abdominal segments are a little
different, 3 being as long as 2 and distinctly longer than 4,
4-7 subequal in length.

Dark metallic-green, the coxae concolorous, the legs
otherwise golden-yellow, the femora and tibiae sometimes
somewhat darker; antennae, the scape yellow.

Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, a little wider than the
thorax ; viewed from in front scarcely wider than long; vertex
and frons with dense coarse raised reticulation, near mouth
border with fine converging striae ; mandibles 3- and 4-dentate,
the teeth acute. Scutum and scutellum coarsely reticulate-
punctate ; parapsidal furrows delicate, one-half complete from
anteriorly; scutellum large, simple; propodeum densely -
reticulate-punctate, without a median carina or spiracular
sulci, but there is a circular fovea present against anterior
margin between the spiracle and the mecon, the propodeum
long, with a distinct neck. Petiole short, much shorter than
the posterior coxae; body of abdomen convex above, gently so
beneath ; acute at apex; a little wider but no longer than the
thorax. Forewings ample; hyaline; postmarginal vein twice
as long as the rather long stigmal, slightly shorter than the
marginal. Antennae inserted in middle of face, 13-jointed,
with three ring and three club joints; scape long and slender ;
pedicel somewhat shorter than funicle 1, which is about as
long as 4, 2 and 3 a little longer, barely twice as long as wide,
5 a little shorter than 4; club with a terminal nipple, joints
1 and 2 subequal in length, 3 a little shorter; ring joints
tramverse, the first smallest.

dg. Length, 165 mm. Abdomen short, distinctly shorter
than the thorax, yellowish for basal half except around
margin. Antennae with two ring, séven funicle, and two club
joints; scape dusky-yellow for basal half, rest of antennae
black; pedicel short, obconique; funicle joints long and
slender, pubescent, joint 1 a little the longest ; club somewhat
longer than funicle 1, club joint 1 longer than 2.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (a large series bred
from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Types.—Two females, one male, on a tag, female head
and antennae on a slide. |

TRIGONOGASTRA AGROMYZAE, Nl. sp.

Q@. Length, 175 mm. Dark metallic-green, the coxae
concolorous; rest of legs golden-yellow, also the antennal
scape.

Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, a little wider than the
thorax; viewed from in front, distinctly wider than long

348

(dorso-ventral), the cheeks rounded; antennae inserted in
centre of face; sculptured like the thorax. Thorax densely
reticulate-punctate, including the propodeum; _parapsidal
furrows one-half complete from anteriorly; scutellum simple ;
propodeum moderately long, but without-a distinct neck,
noncarinate, but with straight spiracular sulci. Petiole finely
reticulate, over twice as long as hind coxae; body of abdomen
short, pointed at apex, convex above and beneath, glabrous ;
segment 3 longest; occupying one-half of surface, distinctly
longer than 2, the following very short. Forewings ample;
broad; hyaline; postmarginal vein a little shorter than the
marginal and twice as long as the rather long stigmal. Both
mandibles strongly 4-dentate. Antennae 13-jointed, with two
ring and three club joints; pedicel about as long as funicle 1,
which is one-third longer than wide, 6 quadrate; first club
joint slightly the longest; quadrate; ring joints small,
transverse.

Hab.—Queensland: Gordonvale (four females bred from
the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd; also three females labelled,
“Parasite of Bean-fly, Darwin, N.T., 5/5/15, G. F. Hill.’’)

Type.—A female on a tag, antennae and head on a slide.

Waterstone, 1915, has described a species of this genus,
rugosa, parasitic on the same host in Ceylon, but bearing
heterodont mandibles.

PTEROSEMA SUBAENEA, N. Sp.

Q@. Length, 1175 mm. Head and thorax very dark
metallic-green, almost black, the abdomen aeneous-green ;
coxae concolorous, also the femora, rest of legs golden-yellow ;
antennal scape yellow, the rest. black.

Head large, transverse, a little wider than the thorax ;
viewed from in front distinctly wider than long; densely
reticulate in raised lines; mandibles strongly 4-dentate.
Thorax densely reticulate-punctate, the propodeum more
densely so; stout; pronotum very short, its latero-anterior
angles prominent and subacute; scutum much wider than
long; parapsidal furrows one-half complete from anteriorly ;
scutellum large, simple; axillae sharply declivous; propodeum
short, transverse, with a short abbreviated median carina,
and short incomplete lateral carinae which curve and continue
towards meson for some distance ; spiracles small, no spiracular
sulci. Petiole slender, as long or a little longer than hind
coxae; body of abdomen slender, pointed conic-ovate, no
longer than head and thorax united; somewhat convex above,
straight beneath; segment 2 occupying less than one-third
‘of surface, 3-4 subequal, combined fully as long as 2, 5-6

349

subequal, each somewhat shorter than 4, 7-8 short. Forewings
normal; very broad; hyaline; basal third or more without
discal cilia; marginal vein somewhat longer than the
postmarginal, the latter over one-half longer than the stigmal.
Antennae 13-jointed, with two ring and three club joints;
scape long and slender; pedicel one-third longer than wide;
ring joints very short; funicle 1 quadrate, 2-3 very slightly
longer, 4 quadrate, 5-6 a little wider than long; club joints
1-2 of equal length, wider than long.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female bred
from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type,—A female on a tag, head, antennae, and hind
legs, on a slide.

EURYDINOTA BRACONIS, Nn. Sp.

Q. Length, 1770 mm. Dark metallic-green, the abdomen
with purplish tinges; legs golden-yellow, the posterior coxae
metallic, the other coxae washed metallic; antennal scape
yellow, rest of antennae black.

Head and thorax densely reticulate in raised lines, less
coarse on the head, on the propodeum approaching to
punctate; collar of pronotum finely polygonally sculptured.
Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, slightly wider than the
thorax; viewed from in front distinctly wider than long;
mandibles 4-dentate, the teeth acute. Pronotum short;
scutum large, the parapsidal furrows about one-half or more
complete ; scutellum large, simple; propodeum with a distinct
neck, the median carina obscure and abbreviated posteriorly,
the lateral carinae distinct and complete, spiracle oval, no
spiracular sulci. Petiole very short, hidden by the propodeal
neck; body of abdomen short and stout, somewhat wider than
the thorax but no longer; somewhat convex above, deeply
triangular beneath; segment 2 occupying nearly one-half of
surface, its posterior margin straight, 3 one half length of
2, the following very short. Forewings ample; broad ; hyaline ;
marginal vein distinctly shorter than the submarginal, a little
longer than the postmarginal, the latter a little longer than
the long slender stigmal. Antennae 13-jointed, with two
ring and three club joints ; scape moderately long and slender ;
pedicel distinctly longer than wide, distinctly longer than any
of the funicle joints; ring joints transverse; flagellum very
gently incrassate; funicle 1 a little longer than wide, 6 a little
wider than long; club joints a little wider than long, the first
the longest.

3d. Abdomen less stout, straight beneath, gently convex
above; segment 2 occupying distinctly less than one-half of

350

surface, 3-6 subequal and each about one-half as long as 2.
Otherwise like the female.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (two males, five
females bred from Apanteles cocoons on larvae of Leucania
unipuncta, October, 1914, A. P. Dodd).

Types.—A male and female on a tag, female head on a
slide.

Differs very, much from the other Australian species of
the genus, pulcher, Girault and Dodd, in _ propodeal
characters, that species lacking lateral carinae, but bearing
spiracular sulci, also the marginal vein in braconis is much
shorter in comparison with the submarginal.

PTEROSEMOIDEA DROSOPHILAE, Nn. Sp.

Q@. Length, 175 mm. Dark aeneous-green; coxae
concolorous, the femora and tibiae reddish-yellow, the tarsi
paler; antennal scape reddish-yellow, the pedicel mostly
fuscous, the ring joints yellow (the third more or less dusky),
the flagellum black.

Head normal, no wider than the thorax; sculptured like
the scutum. Thorax rather stout; scutum densely closely
reticulate-punctate, open on pronotum, on scutellum, except
at apex, finer and closer than on scutum; propodeum
sculptured like the scutum; pronotum short; parapsidal
furrows shallow, obscure, but complete; scutellum large,
simple, propodeum rather long, without a trace of a median
carina, the lateral carinae delicate and obscure, no distinct
spiracular sulci. Petiole short, shorter than the hind coxae,
scaly ; body of abdomen short and broad, barely twice as long
as greatest width and hardly as long as thorax; depressed
above, convex beneath; pointed at apex; segments 2 and 3
combined occupying fully one-half of surface, 2 somewhat
longer than 3, 4 distinctly shorter than 3, 4-8 not
much unequal; posterior margin of segment 2 gently .
convex. Forewings long; broad; hyaline; for entire
length of submarginal vein without discal _ ciliation,
beyond the ciliation normal; marginal vein distinctly thicker
than the submarginal, postmarginal, or stigmal, one-third
length of submarginal, distinctly shorter than postmarginal,
as long as the long stigmal. Mandibles 3- and 4-dentate.
Antennae 13-jointed with three ring and three club joints;
scape long and siender; pedicel distinctly longer than any of
the funicle joints, one-half longer than wide; first two ring
joints small, the third larger; funicle 1 somewhat longer than
wide, slightly the longest, 5 as long as wide; club normal,
joints 1 and 2 wider than long, 2 a little longer than 1.

351

3. Like the female, but the abdomen flat, not convex
ventrad, segment 2 nearly twice as long as 3.

* Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one male, five
females, bred from puparia of a Drosophilid fly, the larvae of
which destroy the sugarcane mealy bug, Pseudococcus( ?)
calceolariae, September, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.

In the female type and in the single male specimen, the
third ring joint is almost quadrate and suggests a small
funicle joint, somewhat as in Hypopteromalus dubius, Girault
and Dodd; in all the other females it is much more transverse.
The length of the second and third abdominal segments is
greater than in the genotype and agrees better with
A pterosemoidea, Girault, but Pterosemoidea and A pterose-
moidea appear to the author to represent one genus. A single
parasite emerges from each puparium.

OocTOMUS AUREINOTUM, Nn, Sp.

Q. Length, 1°85 mm. Head and abdomen black, also
practically all venter of thorax, metanotum, and parapsides,
the rest of the thorax bright ochreous; antennal scape yellow,
the pedicel dusky, the flagellum black; petiole pallid; coxae
white, margined with black, the legs otherwise golden-yellow,
the femora with an elongate black mark at basal half, the
two posterior pair of tibiae somewhat dusky.

Head transverse. Pronotum short; scutum wider than
long, the parapsides convex; axillae meeting at base of
scutellum; scutellum as long as wide; postscutellum very
short ; propodeum long, as long as the scutellum, the meson
faintly depressed and with two very delicate median grooves;
thorax wholly with fine polygonal scaly sculpture. Abdomen
ovate, no longer than the thorax. Forewings long and broad;
somewhat infuscate, this darker and forming an obscure
blotch medially toward apex; apex almost truncate; marginal
cilia short; discal cilia very dense; marginal vein long, but
somewhat shorter than the submarginal. Petiole:a little
longer than wide, but distinctly shorter than hind coxae.
Antennae 11-jointed; pedicel one-half longer than wide;
funicle joints elongate, the third and fourth slightly the
longest, a little longer than first, which is slightly longer than
the eighth, the latter two-and-a-half times as long as wide;
club very long, nearly as long as the three preceding joints
united.

Hab.—Queensland: Yungaburra, 2,500 feet (one female,
jungle, May, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a slide.

352

ANTHEMUS CHIONASPIDIS (Dodd and Girault) HILLI, n. var.

2. Length, 040 mm. Thorax, legs, and antennae
intense lemon-yellow, the pronotum and scutum a little
darker; abdomen dusky-black; head orange, the eyes black,
the ocelli garnet.

Head transverse; ocelli wide apart, in a very obtuse-
angled triangle, the lateral ones near the eye margins. Fore-
wings blade-shaped; moderately narrow; marginal cilia very
long, the longest twice the greatest wing width; about five
rows of discal cilia are present. Hindwings narrow, nearly
as long as the forewings, wholly without discal cilia. Pronotum
well separated from the scutum, which is transverse, the
scutellum much longer, fully as long as wide; no other dorsal
sclerites visible. Abdomen broadly sessile, short, pointed
conic-ovate, the ovipositor and its valves exserted for a short
length. Tarsi 4-jointed. Head, viewed from in front,
somewhat wider than long; antennae inserted wide apart,
near the mouth border, 8-jointed; pedicel somewhat longer
than any of the funicle joints; funicle widening distad, the
first joint small, the joints all somewhat wider than long; club
solid, nearly as long as the funicle.

3. Funicle joints verticillate-nodose, a little longer than
wide, all distinctly shorter than pedicel, the club as long as
two preceding joints united; antennae 9-jointed.

Hab.—-Northern Territory : Darwin (several specimens
of either sex labeiled ‘‘Parasitic on coccid on grass, 15/6/14,
G. FB. nll’’).

Type.—Two females, one male, on a slide.

The host is a form of Chionasys graminis. Chionasprdis,
Howard, is parasitic on the same host in Ceylon. Mr.
Girault, who has compared the types of hilla with those of
chionaspidis, states: ‘‘hilli is smaller, of a brighter yellow
in colour, than the genotype, but otherwise I cannot tell
differences between them; it seems a good species, must be at
least a variety; the black on its body contrasts with the
yellow; the genotype is dark-brown, not yellow.’’ It is
interesting to find this form in the Australian fauna. The
variety is named after the discoverer with much pleasure.

Family ENCYRTIDAE.

CocCCOPHAGUS CLARUS, N. sp.

Q. Length, 040 mm. Pale lemon-yellow, immaculate,
the legs and antennae concolorous.

Forewings hyaline; normally ciliate, the discal cilia
fine and of moderate density, in about sixteen lines; longest
marginal cilia equal to one-third greatest wing width;

353

moderately, broad, rounded at apex. Antennae 8-jointed ;
pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints, of which 1 is
smaller than 2 or 3, which are about subequal, all somewhat
longer than wide; club a little wider than funicle, joint 2°
scarcely longer than 1, about one-third longer than wide.
Venation thick and distinct, the marginal vein as long as the
submarginal, the stigmal almost parallel with the marginal;
no postmarginal vein.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (several females in
vial with A phelinus ciliatus and Aphelinus, sp., and labelled
“From Asjdiotus on Hucalyptus minatus, 6/7/15, G. F.
Hill’’),

ae female on a slide, with type of A phelinus
cilatus.

APHELINUS CILIATUS, Nn. sp.

Q. Length, 045 mm. Pale lemon-yellow, the legs and
antennae concolorous, the abdomen with indications of dusky
cross-stripes. !

Forewings hyaline; moderately broad; marginal! cilia
short; discal cilia coarse in patches, the spaces between with
very fine cilia, forming a colourless pattern ; patches of coarse
cilia arranged as follows:—A square area against anterior
margin some distance beyond marginal vein; a large oval area
against distal margin; an area running from stigma] vein
disto-posteriorly to near centre, narrowed at base, thickened
at apex; a small area below apex of this last area, connected
with an irregular long area against posterior margin and
continued proximad to hairless line; a small area against
disto-posterior margin; a small area centrally against and
distad of hairless line; a large round area proximad of hairless
line, this last area with fine cilia in centre; venation yellow.
Pedicel a little longer than first club joint, which is quadrate,
the funicle joints very short, transverse, 1 smaller than 2;
second club joint nearly four times as long as first.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (four females
labelled as with Coccophagus clarus).

Type.—Two females on a slide, with type of Coccophagus
clarus.

Allied with perissoptroides, Girault, but the coarse
discal cilia are broken up into more areas, the semi-naked
areas being more numerous.

SIGNIPHORA RETICULATA, Girault.

A series bred from puparia of Drosophilid fly, predaceous
on Pseudococcus on sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.
The host is the same as that of Pterosemoidea drosophilae,
Dodd.

M

304

CocCIDENCYRTUS EUCALYPTI, n. sp.

Q. Length, 085 mm. Bright metallic brassy-green,
the abdomen darker; coxae metallic, also anterior and hind
femora and hind tibiae, the rest of the legs yellow; scape,
pedicel, and club submetallic, the scape and pedicel yellow
at apex, the funicle dusky-yellow.

Head normal, the face inflexed, the antennal scrobes
long; frons moderately broad; eyes large, almost bare.
Pronotum very short; scutum large, longer than the
scutellum; head, scutum, and scutellum densely reticulate-
punctate; axillae feebly sculptured, somewhat separated.
Abdomen triangular, short, distinctly shorter than thorax.
Forewings attaining well beyond apex of abdomen; broad;
hyaline; marginal vein very short, thickened, the stigmal
short and straight, fully twice as long as the very short
postmarginal. Antennae 11-jointed; scape slender; pedicel
one-third longer than wide, much longer than any of the
funicle joints; funicle widening distad, the joints much wider
than long, 1 the smallest; club enlarged, as long as funicle,
truncate at apex, 3-jointed, joint 1 a little the longest.
Mandibles slender, tridentate, the teeth acute.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (a large series
labelled “Galls on Hucalyptus mimatus, 1/8/15, G. F. Hill’).

Type.—Two females on a slide.

Differs from Jrcoloricornis, Girault, in colorational
details, in the sculpture of the thorax, rather different
antennal segmentation, and wing venation.

TETRACNEMELLA MEGYMENI, N.. sp.

Q@. Length, 135 mm. Of stout form, resembling the
Proctotrypoid genus, Hadronotus, Foerster.

Dark metallic-green, the scutellum brilliant, also the
vertex, scutum, and base of abdomen; tarsi, knees, and all of
intermediate legs (except the coxae), intense golden-yellow ;
antennae wholly concolorous.

Head (dorsal aspect), broad; ccelli very small; eyes very
large, the frons between the eyes moderately broad; face
normal, gently inflexed; antennal scrobes shallow, not long,
the antennae separated by a rounded prominence. Head with
dense polygonal fine reticulation, finer on the thorax. Thorax
stout; scutellum a little longer than the scutum; axillae
widely separated. Abdomen stout, as wide at base as at
centre, a little wider than long. Teeth of mandibles small,
the inner tooth broadly truncate. Forewings with a smoky
band across wing terminating just beyond apex of stigmal
vein; attaining apex of abdomen; marginal vein short, no

355

longer than the stigmal, the latter twice as long as the very
short postmarginal. Antennae 11-jointed ; scape slender, also
the pedicel; funicle joints about subequal, a httle narrower
than pedicel, over twice as long as wide; club joints longer
than wide, the first a little the longest, a little longer than
last funicle joint. Ovipositor not extruded.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (several females with
the variety brachyptera and hyalinipennis, and labelled
“From eggs of the Hemipteron, Megymenum insulare,
Rope he. G: We Hill’”.):

Type.—A female on a tag, two heads on a slide.

BRACHYPTERA, Nn. Var.

Q. Like the typical form, but the wings aborted, mere
flaps; anterior tibiae almost wholly yellow.

3 Funicle jomts much longer than the pedicel which is
short, the joints densely pubescent; posterior tibiae yellow
also.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (a large _ series
labelled as with the typical form).

Types.—A female and male on a tag.

TETRACNEMELLA HYALINIPENNIS, Nl. sp.

@. Length, 125 mm. Wholly dull dark green; the
legs wholly clear golden-yellow; abdomen with its ventral
basal half or more, and dorsad (except laterally), golden-
yellow; antennae wholly yellow, slightly dusky.

Scutellum with much denser sculpture than the scutum.
Forewings hyaline. First funicle joint distinctly the shortest,
one-third longer than wide, 3-4 slightly the longest, barely
twice as long as wide; pedicel fully twice as long as funicle 1
(not so in megymemi). Otherwise as in megyment.

3. Length, 110 mm. Abdomen merely suffused
yellow basally. Funicle jomts pubescent, longer than in the
female, 1 somewhat longer than pedicel.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (four females, one
male, labelled as in méegymeni/.

Types.—Two females on a tag, female and male heads
on a slide.

TETRACNEMELLA HEMIPTERA, Girault.

Ericydnus hemipterus, Girault.
Closely related to megyment. Girault has wrongly
placed the species in Hricydnus, to which genus it cannot

belong, since the axillae are widely separated.
m2

356:

CRISTATITHORAX VIRIDISCUTUM, Girault.

Three females bred from ootheca of a common Blattid,
Ellipsidion. pellucidum, on leaves of sugarcane, Cairns district,

April, 1915; AvP Dodd:

KUPELMUS, sp.

@. Length, 165 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor.
Aeneous-green; legs concolorous, the intermediate tibiae
golden-yellow, washed with metallic for basal third, the
knees, apex of posterior tibiae, and the last two pairs of
tarsi, yellow, the anterior tarsi dusky, the intermediate
femora yellow at base ; antennae wholly concolorous ; ovipositor
valves concolorus, with an intermediate whitish portion of
varying length, but never longer than the distal dark portion,
the white portion sometimes obscure, the valves then
appearing nearly wholly concolorous.

Head, dorsal aspect, somewhat wider than the thorax ;
with open impressed reticulation ; eyes large, feebly pubescent.
Thorax densely scaly; scutum rather long; the median lobe
rather feebly depressed posteriorly; scutellum convex, the
axillae a little separated at its base. Abdomen no wider than
the thorax; widest at two-thirds its length; finely scaly;
segments 2-5 incised at meson of posterior margin; ovipositor
extruded for a length equal to less than one-third that of
abdomen. Intermediate tarsi with numerous black teeth.
Forewings almost attaining- apex of ovipositor; hyaline;
marginal vein long, about as long as the submarginal, the
postmarginal no longer than the stigmal. Scape slender;
pedicel a little longer than joints 3 or 4 of funicle; flagellum
gently incrassate ; funicle 1 short, ring-like, wider than long,
2 nearly thrice as long but distinctly shorter than 3 or 4,
which are fully twice as long as wide and longest, 8 quadrate.
Mandibles tridentate.

3. Anterior tibiae and tarsi wholly yellow. Scutum not
depressed ; propodeum distinctly longer than in the female,
with a median carina. Abdominal segments not incised at
meson of posterior margin. Antennae 11-jointed, with one
transverse ring joint, the club solid; scape not long but much
longer. than any of the funicle joints; pedicel stout, a little
longer than wide, ring joint very short; flagellum pilose;
funicle 1 over twice as long as wide, 1-4 subequal, the others
a little shorter; club twice as long as preceding joint, a little
longer than the scape.

Several specimens bred from the bean-fly, Agromyza
phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea, Cairns district, September, 1915
(AB. Deda).

357

Running in Girault’s table of species (1915) to grayi,
Girault, and lavoirsiert, Girault. The color of the oviposital
valves in this species is certainly variable, and the use of that
character for specific distinctions is questionable.

ANASTATUS ARISTOTELEA, Girault.

Specimens, which agreed with the description of this
species, were received, labelled ‘‘From eggs of the
Neuropteron, Torbia viridissuma, Darwin, Northern Territory,
1/8/15, G. F. Hill.’’ Thus three such closely allied species
as popunculi, Perkins, blattidifuraz, Girault, and aristotelea,
Girault, are parasitic on hosts of different orders.

METAPELMA SUPERBA, 0. Sp.

Q. Length, 450 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor.
Aeneous-green, with brilliant green and purple reflections ;
legs deep rufous, washed lightly with metallic, the posterior
femora more so, the posterior coxae purple, the basal two
joints of intermediate tarsi white; scape golden-yellow, the
antennae otherwise dark; oviposital valves wholly dark.

Head a little wider than the thorax; eyes large, feebly
pubescent, somewhat convergent dorsally; ocelli large, equi-
distant from each other, the lateral pair almost touching the
eye margins; viewed from in front the head is almost circular,
slightly longer than wide; vertex and less than upper half of
face with scaly impressed reticulation ; lower half or more of
face depressed and margined, transversely lineolate and with
short white flattened setae; from lateral aspect below eyes
closely finely reticulate-punctate ; mandibles large, tridentate ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi enlarged, long and conspicuous.
Thorax without conspicuous pubescence; scutum deeply
depressed at meson, the ridges acute; lateral lobes finely
transversely lineolate, the median lobe closely finely
polygonally reticulate-punctate, also the scutellum and
axillae ; scutellum declivous at apex ; axillae plainly separated
at base; the long lateral sclerite of thorax finely very closely
longitudinally striate; propodeum short, very finely trans-
versely lineolate, the spiracle large and oval. Abdomen short
and broad, as in Anastatus; abruptly declivous at apex;
rather finely scaly; segments 2-4 incised at meson of posterior
margin; oviposital valves exserted for a length one-half
greater than that of abdomen. Intermediate tarsi armed
with stout black teeth; posterior tibiae and basal tarsal joint
compressed and flat, not very broad. Forewings long and
broad; base of wing hyaline, from a little proximad of base
of marginal vein rather deeply clouded, fading distad,

358

beyond postmarginal vein hyaline; venation yellow; marginal
vein as long as the submarginal, the stigmal rather long, the
postmarginal vein twice as long as the stigmal. Antennae
inserted on a level with ventral ends of eyes and wide apart;
13-jointed, without a ring joint, the club 3-jointed ; scape long
and slender, nearly as long as next four joints combined ;
pedicel nearly thrice as long as greatest width, over twice as
long as funicle 1; funicle 2 hardly longer than the pedicel,
3-8 shortening, 8 slightly longer than wide; club twice as
long as preceding joint; flagellum very gently incrassate.

Hab.—Queensland: Townsville (four females labelled
‘On tree-trunks, 1903, F. P. Dodd’’).

Type.—A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on a
shde.

A fine distinct form. Differing from the other Australian
species, westwoodi, Girault, in colorational details, the wing
infuscation, the non-dilated scape which is not concolorous,
the pedicel being much longer than funicle 1, the axillae
distinctly not meeting at base, the longer oviposital valves,
the shorter postmarginal vein which is much shorter than the
marginal. In three females the length is about the same, but
in the fourth it is distinctly shorter, being but 3 mm.

Family EURYTOMIDAE.

HEXEURYTOMA, 0. g.

Q. Head normal, transverse; face with a deep antennal
channel, the anterior ocellus not within this. Head and
thorax coarsely confluently umbilicately punctate; pronotum
large, quadrate; parapsidal furrows deep and complete;
scutellum large; propodeum short. Abdomen slender, com-
pressed laterally, one-half longer than the thorax; viewed
from the side much longer than high, not rising abruptly
from base, gently convex above, straight beneath; sessile;
segment 2 (first body segment) carinate along anterior margin
and with a median carina to near posterior margin, on either
side of this carina with a wide shallow sulcus with obtusely
carinate lateral margins; 3 and 4 combined hardly longer than
1, subequal; 5 as long as 2-4 combined; 6 one-half as long as
5; 7 rather longer than 6; 8 short; pointed at apex. Hind
tibiae with two short stout spurs. Forewings ample, marginal
vein linear, a little longer than the postmarginal, which is
slightly longer than the stigmal. Antennae inserted in
middle of face; scape, pedicel, one ring, six funicle joints,
the club appearing 2-jointed but not truly divided and thus
subsolid; funicle 1 fully half as long as the scape, the funicle
moniliform.

359

Resembling Eurytoma, Llliger, very much, but the 6-
jointed antennal funicle and sessile abdomen are distinctive
characters.

HEXEURYTOMA GRANDIS, N. sp.

Q. Length, 440 mm. Black, shining; antennal scape
and pedicel black, the flagellum clear testaceous; legs reddish-
yellow, the tibiae paler, apex of tibiae and all tarsi whitish,
the anterior coxae black; tegulae yellow; antennal club dusky
at apex.

Propodeum coarsely irregularly rugose, with a semi-
circular median channel. Abdominal segments 2 and 3 smooth,
4 finely obscurely punctulate at basal half, 5-8 densely
punctulate, the punctures joined by fine lines, 6-8 with.
scattered long setae. Forewings hyaline; venation pale
yellow. Pedicel short, fully as wide as long; ring joint small,
transverse; funicle 1 over twice as long as pedicel, one-half
longer than wide, the rest a little longer than wide; club
conical, twice as long as greatest width.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, December, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a tag, the antennae on a slide.

EvURYTOMA.

Three undetermined species of this genus have been bred
as follows:—/a) From cocoons of Apanfeles on Leucania
unipuncta, October, 1914, Cairns district, A. P. Dodd:
(5) From the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-
pea, August, 1915, A. P. Dodd, Cairns district; (c) Labelled
“Parasite of bean-fly, 4gromyza phaseoli, Darwin, Northern
Territory, 5/5/15, G. F. Hill.” The three species are
moderately small, wholly black, the legs mostly black, the
wings hyaline; the two first have the antennae wholly black,
while the third has the scape yellow.

Family PERILAMPIDAE.

PERILAMPUS CAIRNSENSIS. Girault.

Two females reared from larvae of Leucania unipuncta,
Cairns district, N.Q., December, 1914, A. P. Dodd. The
colour in these specimens is brilliant blue-green with purplish
reflections, the head brilliant coppery.

Family CLEONYMIDAE.

AGAMERION METALLICA, Girault.
In the Cairns district, this is a very common parasite of
the egg-cases of a common Blattid on sugarcane, Ellipsidion

360

pellucidum, destroying more than half their number. The
ootheca is laid exposed on the surface of the leaf; the parasite
when ready to emerge fully occupies the whole space of the
destroyed eggs.

Family CALLIMOMIDAE.

PODAGRION NIGRICLAVA, N. sp.

Q. Length 2°60 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor, which
is nearly as long as the body. Dull aeneous-green, the coxae
concolorous, also the hind femora except at the base and apex ;
rest of legs intensely yellow, the first two pairs of femora, and
apical half of posterior tibiae, more or less rufous; antennae
golden-yellow, the club black.

Teeth on posterior femora usually seven, distinct and
acute, 1 largest, 3 next largest, 2 shortest; sometimes there is
a very small additional tooth between 2 and 3, or there may
be a very small tooth between 5 and 6, but this is more often
confluent with 5, which thus may be broad and bidentate.
First funicle joint a little longer than wide, 7 twice as wide
as long, the club two-thirds as long as the funicle. Propodeum
with polygonal reticulation and numerous irregular carimae;
median carina forking at one-fourth its length. Scutellum
not smooth at apex but the sculpture somewhat finer there.
Forewings hyaline; stigmal vein short, shorter than the short
postmarginal.

¢o. Like the female, but the anterior and intermediate
legs (except their coxae) intense yellow; funicle joints rather
longer, the first less than one-half longer than wide, 7
quadrate, the club not one-half as long as the funicle;
posterior femora with five acute teeth, 2 small, the others
large, almost subequal.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (numerous females,
one male, labelled ‘‘From Mantid ootheca, 3/1/15, G. F.
Ee :

Types.—A female and male on a tag.

Asymmetry in the femoral teeth is common. A closely
allied form to the other Australian species. Differs from
beneficium, Girault, in the colour of the legs and antennae,
and the branching of propodeal median carina; from
washington, Girault, and pax, Girault, in having the distal
funicle joints wider than long; from pavo, Girault, in the
colour of the male, and the larger number of femoral teeth in
both sexes; from grotw, Guirault, in the much shorter
ovipositor ; from batesi, Girault, in the-colour of the legs, in
having the median carina on propodeum forking at base, and
in bearing one more tooth on the posterior femora; from
hyalina, Girault, in having the scutellum sculptured at apex.

361

MEGASTIGMUS HILLI, 0. sp.

Q. Length, 1°95 mm., excluding the ovipositor. Orange-
yellow, immaculate except for a narrow black line on suture
between axillae and tegulae ; eyes and ocelli garnet ; ovipositor
black; legs golden-yellow, also the antennae, the sutures
between the joints dark.

Body stout; head and thorax finely transversely
wrinkled, without punctures; propodeum densely coriaceous ;
scutellum simple, with six long setae; propodeum non-
carinate. Abdomen sessile, a littie shorter than the thorax ;
ovipositor exserted for a length equal to one-half that of
abdomen. Forewings ample; hyaline; marginal vein some-
what longer than the postmarginal, which is somewhat longer
than the stigmal. Antennae 13-jointed, with one distinct
ring joint, the club 3-jointed; pedicel distinctly longer than
funicle 1, which is quadrate, the others wider than long; club
almost as long as the three preceding joints united, joints 1
and 2 quadrate.

dg. Lemon-yellow, the following parts black: First
two pairs of tarsi, a line through meson of scutum and
scutellum broadened at posterior third of scutum and more so
at posterior half of scutellum, base of propodeum broadly,
not reaching far laterally, and produced posteriorly at its
lateral extremities, most of tegulae and adjacent suture
against axillae, basal third of abdomen dorsally more or less,
and a broad transverse band near apex of abdomen. Funicle
joints hardly wider than long.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (three males, one
female, labelled “From galls on Hucalyptus mimatus, 1/7/15,
ee i os

Types.—A male and female on a tag, female head on a
slide.

In Girault’s table of species (1915) running to
Epimegastigmus grotiust, Girault, but differing in the shorter
funicle joints as well as the subgeneric characters.

Family EKULOPHIDAE.

NEODIMMOCKIA, 0. g.

Q. Vertex thin; the frons somewhat wider than long,
not depressed; eyes large; mandibles 4-dentate. Thorax
normal; pronotum not as long as the scutum; parapsidal
furrows delicate, about one-third complete from anteriorly ;
scutellum long, without grooves; axillae not at all advanced ;
propodeum rather long, with a faint median carina at base,
no other carinae or sulci, the spiracles small. Abdomen short
and rather stout; somewhat convex above, more so beneath;

362

subsessile; segment 2 occupying about one-fourth of surface.
Legs normal; hind tibial spur slender. Forewings ample; the
marginal cilia rather long; marginal vein as long as the
submarginal, over twice as long as the postmarginal, which
is nearly twice as long as the stigmal, the latter of moderate
length. Antennae inserted in middle or slightly above middle
of face, far above ventral ends of eyes; scape, pedicel, one
ring, and four funicle joints, the club 3-jointed, including a
nipple-like third joint which is apparently articulated ; funicle
joints long and filiform.

3. Antennal joints of same number as in the female,
the first three funicle joints each bearing a long ramus.

Of the Hemiptarsenine genera with 4-jointed funicle,
Sympiesonecremnus, Girault, and MNecremnomyia, Girault,
bear two ring joints, and Hlachertonecremnus, Girault, has
short clavate antennae which are situated below middle of
face and below ventral ends of the eyes. Allied with
Dimmockhia, Ashmead, and Diaulomella, Girault, of the
Eulophim, but careful examination of several hind tibiae
revealed no second tibial spur. The insertion of the antennae
and the non-advanced axillae appear distinctive.

NEODIMMOCKIA AGROMYZAE, N01. sp.

Q@. Length, 150 mm. Rather dark blue-green; the
coxae concolorous, also posterior femora and basal half of
intermediate femora, the legs otherwise white, the anterior
tibiae faintly edged darker, the anterior tarsi dusky, also
other tarsi (except their basal joint) and apical third of pos-
terior tibiae; antennae black, the scape suffused with white,
the apical two club joints pale whitish.

Scape slender; pedicel over one-half longer than greatest
width ; funicle 1 over twice as long as pedicel, 2 and 3 a little
shorter than 1, 4 distinctly so; club about as long as funicle
2, joint 1 distinctly longer than 2. Thorax densely reticulate
in raised lines; on scutellum with a longitudinal tendency ;
propodeum with fine impressed reticulation; scutellum with a
single seta on either side of meson posteriorly. Wings hyaline.

3. Length, 125 mm. Colorationally like the female.
Antennae wholly black; pedicel one-half longer than wide;
funicle 1 no longer than pedicel, 2 twice as long as 1, 3
slightly longer than 2, 4 two-thirds longer than 3; club a
little shorter than funicle 4; ramus on funicle 1 at base of
joint, on 2 and 3 at. distal third.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (two males, three
females bred from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems
of cow-pea, August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

363

Types.—Two females on a tag, male and female head,
antennae, and hind legs on a slide. 4

ACANTHENTEDON, Nn. g.

Q. Head wide, very transverse, wider than the thorax,
the occiput concave; eyes large. Pronotum short, produced
semi-acutely laterally in the form of a stout tooth; scutum
large, the parapsidal furrows complete but not distinct on
account of the coarseness of the sculpture, just in front of
the tegulae and far laterally is a short blunt projection ;
scutellum large, convex, without grooves; axillae abruptly
declivous, scarcely advanced; propodeum from lateral aspect
situated much below scutellum, rather long, with a median
carina bounded by sulci and a long sulcus or groove running
obliquely from anterior margin just inside spiracle to lateral
margin near apex of median carina. Propodeum covering
petiole and base of abdomen, the abdomen thus appearing
sessile, the petiole visible only from the side, inserted
perpendicularly; body of abdomen almost. flat above, faintly
convex beneath ; pointed long-conical but only slightly longer
than head and thorax united; segment 2 occupying less than ~
one-fourth of surface, its posterior margin gently convex, 3
* shortest, 3-7 gradually lengthening, 7 almost as long as 2, 8
slightly shorter. Mandibles deeply bidentate. Forewings
ample; submarginal vein distinctly broken; marginal vein
long, the stigmal very short, the postmarginal scarcely
developed. Antennae 10-jointed, scape, pedicel, three ring,
three funicle, and two club joints, ring joints small; funicle
joints all longer or as long as wide; club with a short terminal
nipple.

This genus seems distinct from any of the many
Australian genera recently described by Girault. Of the
genera of the tribe with three ring and two club joints,
Pleurotropomyia, Girault, Zaommomentedon, Girault, and
Horismenella, Girault, bear a median sulcus on the scutum ;
Pseudacrias, Girault, Omphalentedon, Girault, Pleuwrotrop-
poms, Girault, and Hpentedon, Girault, bear true lateral
carinae on the propodeum; and Hntedonella, Girault, has a
median carina only without any lateral sulci. Like Uracrias,
Girault, of the Pediobini, but the parapsidal furrows present,
lateral sulci of propodeum not continued along posterior
margin. The wide head, acute pronotal angles, and the long
pointed abdomen will serve to distinguish the genus from its
allies.

ACANTHENTEDON LATICEPS, n. sp.

Q. Length, 250 mm. Dark metallic-green, the

propodeum bright blue-green; abdomen dull purple, segments

364

2 and 3 brilliant blue-green, also a small area at base of 4 and
5, laterally, this area much larger on 6 and 7. Legs
concolorous, the trochanters, knees, apex of tibiae, and the
tarsi, white; antennae concolorous, the scape white.

Head, scutum, and_ scutellum with very coarse
reticulation, the pronotum, propodeum, and abdomen
smooth. Apical spur on hind tibiae normal. Wings hyaline.
Scutum with about six bristles, the scutellum with one on
either side rather far laterally and posteriorly. Pedicel a
little shorter than funicle 1 which is twice as long as wide and
distinctly longer than 2 or 3, 3 a little longer than wide; club
1 somewhat longer than wide, longer than 2.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, May, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.

MESTOCHAROMYIA OOPHAGA, 2. sp.

Q. Length, 130 mm. Dark metallic-blue; the antennae
concolorous, also the legs, the tarsi (except apical joint)
white.

Head no wider than the thorax; viewed from above
much wider than long; viewed from in front somewhat wider
than long; eyes large, bare; ocelli large, m an equilateral
triangle; vertex obscurely finely scaly; frons densely scaly,
below antennal insertion smooth; mandibles bidentate, the
teeth subequal, acute. Thorax with raised lines of reticulation,
the lines not dense, the propodeum shining and finely
obscurely scaly; pronotum transverse; scutum large, with
several scattered bristles; parapsidal furrows posteriorly
forming large shallow depressions, which are smooth and
shining; scutellum longer than wide, simple: propodeum
transverse, without a neck, at meson with two diverging
carinae, and also true lateral carimae are present, these
curving around posterior margin and joining the median
carinae; spiracles small, rounded, no spiracular sulci. Petiole
stout, wider than long, finely densely scaly; body of abdomen
ovate, no wider or longer than the thorax; wholly densely
scaly, except at base of segment 2; segment 2 occupying over
one-half of surface, its posterior margin straight; surface
with a few scattered setae. Hind tibial spur long and slender,
almost as long as first two tarsal joints combined;
intermediate tibial spurs also long and slender. Antennae
inserted somewhat below middle of face, anda little above a
line drawn across ventral end of eyes: 8-jointed, with one
ring, three funicle, and two club joints ; scape slender ; pedicel
distinctly longer than any of the funicle joints, which are
globular, 1 a little the smallest; club not well separated

365

from the funicle, joint 1 subequal to funicle 3, 2 shorter with
a distinct terminal spine; ring joint distinct. Forewings:
typical; very broad at apex; hyaline; marginal cilia short;
discal cilia absent for about proximal half, thence rather
dense ; submarginal vein distinctly broken, the marginal long,
the stigmal short, the postmarginal wanting.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (numerous females
reared from egg-cases of a Blattid, Hllipsidion pellucidum,
on leaves of sugarcane, November, 1914, A. P. Doda).

Type.—Three females on a tag, head, forewing, and hind
leg, on a slide. e

Closely related to the other three members of the genus,
lividus, Girault, silvensis, Girault, and veternosus, Girault.
However it lacks the short’ median carina between the
diverging carinae, present in the two former species; differs
from lividus also in the short first funicle joint, and from
silvensis in the slender tibial spurs; separated from veternosus
by the straight posterior margin of the second abdominal
segment.

PLEUROTROPOMYIA AENEOSCUTELLUM, Girault.
Segment 5 of abdomen with two rows of pubescence, 6

with about four rows, 7 with still more. Eyes rather densely
pubescent; vertex with very fine scaly sculpture and scattered
small setigerous punctures; a median groove runs from
anterior ocellus to about upper third of face where it joins
a fine cross-groove running from eye to eye, the face below
this deeply excavated, very brassy, and without sculpture
except for a few cross-lines dorsad. Median lobe of scutum
with a single puncture bearing a long seta on either side near
anterior margin, the puncture on smooth inner area of
parapsides single, and a similar puncture rather far laterally
on scutellum at two-thirds its length.

Taken frequently on leaves of sugarcane, and a single
. female bred from leaves of sugarcane, infested with a leaf-
mining Tineid, Cosmopteryx, sp., Cairns district, June, 1915,
A. P. Dodd.

; RHICNOPELTOMYIA AENEICOXA, 0. sp.

Q@. Length, 150 mm. Brilliant metallic-green, the
abdomen darker, the head and thorax with brassy tints;
coxae concolorous, the legs white; antennal scape white, the
pedicel dusky black, the flagellum dusky yellowish.

Head with fine dense scaly reticulation, vertex broad;
frons normal, without sutures or enclosed sclerites; antennae
inserted a little above ventral end of eyes. Thorax slender;
with fine dense scaly reticulation, the propodeum almost
smooth ; parapsidal furrows normal, complete; scutellum not

366

especially long, a little longer than wide; propodeum without
a median carina, laterally with short spiracular sulci; axillae
somewhat advanced. Abdomen a little wider and scarcely
longer than the thorax; with fine dense _ reticulation.
Mandibles tridentate. Forewings long; broad, the apex
broadly rounded; hyaline; marginal cilia short; discal cilia
normal; postmarginal vein hardly shorter than the stigmal.
Antennae 10-jointed, scape, pedicel, three ring, two funicle,
and three club joints; first two ring joints small, the third
larger; pedicel scarcely longer than funicle 1, which is
distinctly longer than wide, 2 Jittle yet distinctly shorter,
slightly longer than wide; club joints a little shorter, 1 and
2 a little wider than long.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female reared
from its pupa embedded in mid-rib of leaf of sugarcane, June,
1915 AL Dodd):

Type.—A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on
a slide.

Closest to douglassi, Girault, but that species has yellow
on the face, and the facial structure is different. Of the
species of Achrysocharella, Girault, approaching nearest to
olympus, Girault, and mackayensis, Girault; differs from the
former in having funicle 2 shorter than the pedicel;
mackayensis is only half the size of this species, but the
description agrees very well, though the species in question
is said to bear two ring joints.

ACHRYSOCHARIS.

A small species of this genus, related to brevicornis,
Girault, foersterv, Girault, and nigripes, Girault, reared from
stems of cow-pea badly infested with Agromyza phaseoli,
Cairns district, September, 1915, A. P. Dodd. The species
is possibly a hyper-parasite.

NEOTETRASTICHODES POLYCHROMUS, nN. sp.

Q. Length, 245 mm. Brilliant burnished coppery-
green; abdomen intense orange, crossed dorsally by five
transverse dusky stripes, the fifth most distinct, the apex
black; legs intense pale lemon-yellow, the hind coxae
metallic at base; scape pale lemon-yellow, rest of antennae
yellow-brown ; eyes and ocelli garnet.

Vertex of head narrow; face with a deep: depression
occupying most of surface, the anterior ocellus within the
depression; ocelli large; antennae inserted on a level with
ventral end of eyes. Thorax normal, with the usual
Tetrastichine sculpture ; parapsidal furrows deep and distinct,

367 3

with a row of several small punctures within them; median
grooves of scutum not indicated ; lateral grooves of scutellum
situated far laterally; postscutellum long, at meson distinctly
longer than propodeum at meson; propodeum with fine
surface sculpture, short at meson, with a median carina, and
an irregular sulcus around spiracle tending toward latero-
posterior angle. Abdomen pointed conic-ovate, no longer
than head and thorax united; straight above, deeply convex
beneath. Head with a few small punctures. Forewings
ample ; hyaline ; broadly rounded at apex ; venation thick and
distinct; stigmal vein moderately long, the postmarginal
one-half its length. Mandibles very stout; bidentate, the
teeth large. Scape a little swollen; pedicel twice as long as
greatest width, subequal in length to funicle 1, which is longer
than 2 or 3; club plainly 3-jointed, the jcints about equal in
length, a very little longer than wide; four distinct ring
joints.

3. Length, 190 mm. Like the female, but the
abdomen wholly dull-green, shorter, somewhat convex above,
straight beneath. Antennae with four funicle joints;
flagellum with long hairs.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (two males, one
female, labelled ‘‘On laboratory window, 18/5/15, G. F.
Aull’).

T'ypes.—A female and male on a tag, female head and
antennae on a slide.

EUPLECTROMORPHA VARIICOLOR, N. sp.

@. Length, 2°95 mm. Head bright yellow, the occiput
black, lower half and centre of face red-brown; posterior
two-thirds or less of scutum, scutellum, and mesal half of
axillae reddish-brown, rest of thorax black; abdomen lemon-
yellow, broadly margined with black, with a black band just
out from base, and about three dusky irregular bands on
posterior third; margins of hind coxae, apical half of hind
femora, and all hind tibiae and tarsi, black, the rest of hind
legs lemon-yellow, the long tabial spur reddish; anterior and
intermediate legs lemon-yellow, the anterior femora and
apical half of intermediate pair, dusky, also most of
intermediate tibiae, the anterior pair less so; antennal scape
lemon-yellow, the pedicel dusky, the flagellum : fuscous;
pronotum black, with a reddish transverse band at half its
length. °

Thorax with dense scaly sculpture, finer on propodeum,
the pronotum with setigerous punctures also; scutellum with
a single seta on either side at basal third and another at

368

either latero-posterior angle; scutum with complete parapsidal
furrows, without a median carina; scutellum with deep lateral
grooves, approaching each other at base, widely apart
posteriorly; propodeum long, with a distinct median carina
and no others, the spiracle large, just mesad of which is a
short sulcus. Forewings ample; hyaline; submarginal vein
unbroken, the marginal and postmarginal veins very long,
the former much the longer. Antennae inserted on a level
with ventral end of eyes; 9-jointed, with two ring joints
and a solid club; ring joints short; pedicel cne-half as long
as funicle 1, which is distinctly longer than the others, all
longer than wide; club no longer than funicle 1.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, March, 1915, A. P. Dodd).

Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.

Closely related to malandaensis, Girault, and variegata,
Girault ; differing from the former in details of colour of the
thorax and the broad band near base of abdomen, from the
latter in having the propodeum wholly black; also apparently
differing from both those species in having the legs
varicoloured.

369

THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES.
PART III.

By Oswatp B. Lower, F.Z.S., F.E.S., etc.
[Read October 11, 1917.]

Family XYLORYCTIDAE.

This family is disappointingly represented here, and most
of the species are somewhat scarce and difficult to rear on
account of the ravages of the Ichneumonidae, during the larval
‘stage. Mr. Meyrick when revising this family conjectured the
opinion that they would probably occur more freely in the
drier districts of the State. This district, however, does not
appear to be a favourable locality.

447. MaARroGA UNIPUNCTANA, Don.

Five specimens, October and November. I have bred a
specimen from larva feeding on stem of Muwsanus acuminatus
( Santalaceae ).

448. CRYPTOPHAGA BLACKBURNII, Low.

Four specimens, September to November. The type, a
female, was taken at Port Lincoln, S. Austr. Dr. Turner
re-named this species neomorpha (Ann. Queens. Mus., p. 13,
1897), but his description of the hindwings is not quite
accurate ; in the male they are dark fuscous, and in the female
greyish-white. His types were from Charters Towers, Queens-
land.

449. CRYPTOPHAGA DELOCENTRA, Meyr.

Nine specimens, both sexes, from October to November.
Bred from Hucalyptus rostrata.

450. XyLORYCTA AMALOPTIS, Low.
One specimen, type, in February. |

451. XYLORYCTA CITRINOPA, Low.
One specimen, type, in November.

452. XYLORYCTA TETRAZONA, Low.

One specimen, in November. The type came from
Stawell, Victoria. I have it also from Norwood and Oodna-
datta, S. Austr.

453. XYLORYCTA MELANIAS, Low.

Several specimens, October to November.

370

454. XyYLORYCTA PHILONYMPHA, Low. e
Several specimens, September and October.

455. XYLORYCTA PENTACHROA, Low.
One specimen, in December.

456. XYLORYCTA HOMOLEUCA, Low.
Four specimens, October and November.

457. LicHENAULA DROSIAS, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November.

458. LICHENAULA CHORIODES, Meyr.
Four specimens, May.

459. LIcHENAULA LICHENAEA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, March and April.

460. ScIEROPEPLA SERINA, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, April. ‘

461. ScIEROPEPLA MEGADELPHA, Low.
Taken occasionally, August to November.

462. PROCOMETIS HETEROGAMA, Low.
Not uncommon, at light, October.

463. PROCOMETIS TETRASPORA, Low.
Two specimens, March.

464. HypERTRICHA EPHELOTA, Meyr.

Not uncommon, frequenting trunks of Hucalyptus trees,
also at light, April, May, and June.

465. HypERTRICHA STENADELPHA, Low.
One specimen, type, March.

466. AGRIOPHARA CAPNODES, Meyr.
Not uncommon, May.

467. AGRIOPHARA TEPHROPTERA, Low.
One specimen, type, in December.

468. AGRIOPHARA CONFERTELLA, WIk.
Three specimens, November.

3/1

Family GELECHIADAE.

This family is well represented here, no less than 20
genera out of the 55 known from Australia being present. All
this family come freely to light, and most of those mentioned
herein have been so captured.

469. EpiPpHTHORA CHIONOCEPHALA, Low.
Not uncommon, September, October, and April.

470. DoRYCNOPA ORTHODESMA, Low.
Nine specimens, October.

471. DoRYCNOPA MARMOREA, Low.
Rather scarce, September and October.

472. DoRYCNOPA HELIOCHARES, Low.
Two specimens, December.

473. MEGACRASPEDUS ARGONOTA, Low.
A rare species, two specimens, October.

474. MEGACRASPEDUS SAGITTIFERA, Low.
Very scarce here, two specimens, September.

475. MEGACRASPEDUS ACHROA, Low.
Common, at light, September to November.

476. SITOTRIGA CEREALELLA, Ol.

An introduced species. ‘‘Common in corn bins’’ (Mey-
rick). Rare here, October.

477. ARISTOTELIA PELTOSEMA, Low.
Not. uncommon, October and November.

478. THIOTRICHA BULLATA, Meyr.
One specimen, type, in May.

479. EPITHECTIS MESOLEUCA, Low.
Three specimens, March.

480. ANACAMPSIS SIMPLICELLA, WIk.
Rather common, October and November.

481. GELECHIA DESMANTHES, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November.

3f2

482. GELECHIA PYCNODA, Low.
Rather common, June to November.

483. GELECHIA ANTHOCHRA, Low.
Three specimens, October.

484. GELECHIA DICTYOMORPHA, Low.
Taken occasionally, October and November.

485. GELECHIA MELANOPTILA, Low.

Rather common, beaten from Solanum esuriale, March,
April.
486. STEGASTA ALLACTIS, Meyr.

Three specimens, probably referable to this species, taken
in October and November.

487. STEGASTA COSMODES, Low.
Rather common, September to November.

488. PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA, Zeller.

Common, taken almost throughout the year, excepting
perhaps July and August. The larvae feed on tubers of
potato.

489. GNORIMOSCHEMA BUCOLICA, Meyr.

Common, October to December, and April and May.

490. GNORIMOSCHEMA XEROPHYLLA, Meyyr.
Common, September to November.

491. GNORIMOSCHEMA HELIOPA, Low.
Taken occasionally, August to October.

492. GNORIMOSCHEMA LEUCOCEPHALA, Low.
Nine specimens, October to January.

493. GNORIMOSCHEMA PETRINODES, Meyyr.
Not uncommon, March and April.

494. GNORIMOSCHEMA PERDITA, Low.
?
Not uncommon, August to October.

495. EPpriIBRONTIS HEMICHLAENA, Low.

Common, September and October. Widely distributed
throughout Australia.

373

496. EPpIMIMASTIS PORPHYROLOMA, Low.
A single specimen, from Menindie, October.

497. SPHALERACTIS PLATYLEUCA, Low.
Two specimens, October.

498. PROTOLECHIA DESMATRA, Low.
A scarce species, four specimens, October.

499. PROTOLECHIA EXARISTA, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October.

500. PROTOLECHIA LITHINA, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November. Bred from

larvae feeding on spun-up shoots of Dodonaea lobulata.
501. PRoToLECHIA AVERSELLA, WIk.

Taken occasionally, September.

502. PROTOLECHIA MESOCHRA, Low.
Two specimens, October.

503. ProroLECHIA HAEMASPILA, Low.

Common, August to November, and in March. Somewhat
variable but easily recognised.

504. PROTOLECHIA TRIDECTA, Low.
Taken occasionally, September to November.

505. CROCANTHUS MICRADELPHA, Low.
One specimen, October.

506. ANARSIA TRICHODETA, Meyr.
Three specimens, October.

507. ANARSIA DRYINOPA, Low.
Two specimens, October.

508. ANARSIA LEUCOPHORA, Meyr.
One specimen, type, in October.

509. NoTHRIS CHLORANTHES, Low.
Not uncommon, September to November.

510. Norris TETRACHROA, Low.
Common, October and November.

374

511. Noruris ocHroitoma, Low.
Common, August to October.

512. NorHrRis MACROSEMUS, Low.
Tolerably common, October and November.

513. NorHris TRICHOMBRA, Low.
The commonest of the genus, October.

514. NorHris CYCNOBATHRA, Low.

Nine specimens, October.

515. YPpsSOLOPHUS MELICHROUS, Meyr.

Rather scarce, taken in October. I gave this species
the M.S. name of me/ichrous, but as it was never published
by me, Mr. Meyrick becomes the author.

516. YPSOLOPHUS HOLOMELAS, Low.
The type, taken in June, is still unique.

Family TINEIDAE.

517. XYSMATODOMA ZONARCHA, Meyr.
Five specimens, February.

518. ScaRDIA INCONCISELLA, WIk.
Taken occasionally, September, November, January.

519. BLABOPHANES MELIORELLA, W1k.
Not uncommon, September to March.

520. BLABOPHANES ARGILLACEA, Meyyr.
Not uncommon, October and November.

521. BLABOPHANES ETHELELLA, Newm.
Not uncommon, September to December.

522. BLABOPHANES FERRUGINELLA, Hib.
Not uncommon, September to June.

523. TINEA PELLIONELLA, Linn.
Not uncommon, November and December.

524. TINEA FUSCIPUNCTELLA, Haw.
Rather common, September to March.

375

525. TINEA GRANELLA, Linn.
Taken occasionally, October and November.

526. TINEA TAPETIELLA, Linn.
Four specimens, November.

527. CHRYSORYCTIS PURELLA, WIk.
Two specimens, March.

528. CHRYSORYCTIS TALANTIAS, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October and November.

529. CHRYSORYCTIS HEMINEPHELA, Low.
One specimen, type, in November.

530. TINEOLA BISELLIELLA, Hiim.
Not uncommon, November to March.

531. DasciIA SAGITTIFERA, Meyr.
Four specimens, taken at ‘‘Horse Lake’’ in March.

532. ZELLERIA CYNETICA, Meyr.

Four specimens, probably referable to this species, taken
in March.
533. LINDERA TESSELLATELLA, Blanch.

Rather common, taken from August to March. This is
a semi-domesticated species of wide distribution. It stands
in most Australian collections at Hucraera calcularis, Meyr.,
but Mr. Meyrick informs me that his name was never
published.
Subfamily PLUTELLIDAE.

534. LITHOCOLLETIS DESMOCHRYSA, Low.
Bred from Hardenbergia ovata, in March.

535. CoNOPOMORPHA IRRORATA, Turn.
Five specimens, March.

536. GRACILARIA XANTHOPHARELLA, Meyr.
Two specimens, December.

537. HomapavuLa COscINoPA, Low.
Taken occasionally, March.

538. HomapavuLaA MYRIOSPILA, Meyr.
Two specimens, probably referable to this species.

376

539. HomMADAULA LASIOCHROA, Low.
Not uncommon, October, January, and March.

540. CHOREUTIS BJERKANDRELLA, Thnb.
Common, August to March.

541. PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS, Curt.
Very common, September to March. Commonly known
cruciferarum, Zeller. :

542. PLUTELLA seRA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, February and March.

Family ELACHISTIDAE.

This family appears to be poorly represented here, even
the commoner species being absent. Most of those enumerated
were discovered by myself.

543. CoRYTHANGELA PUDICA, Low.
Nine specimens, at light, April.

544. CoRYTHANGELA OCHRONEURA, Low. -

Two specimens, March. The type came from Semaphore,
S. Austr.
545. BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA, WIk.

Taken occasionally, March.

546. BATRACHEDRA CAPNOSPILA, Low.
Five specimens, October.

547. BAaTRACHEDRA HOLOGRAMMA, Low.
Taken occasionally, September and October.

548. BaTRACHEDRA CRYPSINEURA, Low.
Taken occasionally, March and October.

549. BATRACHEDRA ZONOCHRA, Low.
One specimen, type, January.

550. BatrRACHEDRA STENOSEMA, Low.
. Two specimens, April.

551. BaTRACHEDRA HYPOLEUCA, Low.
Three specimens, January.

377

552. BAaTRACHEDRA (?!) LyGRoPis, Low.
Two specimens, April.

553. BaTRACHEDRA STERILIS, Meyr.
Five specimens, October.

554. STATHMOPODA MELANOCHRA, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October.

555. STATHMOPODA CROCOPHANES, Meyr.
Not uncommon, October and April.

556. AEOLOSCELIS ORTHOCHROA, Low.
Not. uncommon, October.

557. PyRODERCES SENTICA, Low.
Nine specimens, October.

558. PyRoODERCES THERMOPHILA, Low.
Five specimens, March.

559. OpszyGA EUGRAMMA, Low.
Taken occasionally, November.

560. LIMNOECIA XANTHODELTA, Low.
Three specimens, November.

561. SyNTOMACTIS OXYPTERA, Low.
Taken occasionally, October.

562. SyNTOMACTIS XENONYMPHA, Low.
Not uncommon, April and October.

563. SYNTOMACTIS CHIONOMERA, Low.
Rather common, October.

564. TRACHYDORA CAPNOPA, Low.
Three specimens, March and April.

This concludes the list for the present. In my next
instalment I will enumerate those species which I have
omitted or taken since the paper was commenced, and describe
any new material which I possess, together with the few
Rhopalocera taken here.

378

ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
No. 12.

By J. M. Brack.
[Read October 11, 1917.]
Prates VEE to XX:

This list deals mainly with plants collected at Ooldea
in January, 1917, and at other places along the East-West
Railway in June and July of the same year by Capt. 8. A.
White. The country about Ooldea appears to have been
scarcely touched botanically since Ernest Giles passed that
way on his exploration westward in 1875. The name of the
place is given as “Youldeh” in Giles’ “Australia Twice
Traversed.’’ Several of his plants, and of those collected by
W. H. Tietkins and J. Young, members of the party, were
recorded by Mueller’ in” vols. ix.) x.;- and xi “ei “the
“Fragmenta.”

This paper contains descriptions of two species new to
science, in the genera Thryptomene and Hibbertia, and a
record of two Western Australian Acacias and one Goodena
not previously found in South Australia.

Where a new record is made for any of Tate’s districts,
the fact is noted after the locality given, and alien plants are
indicated by a preceding asterisk.

The remarks in brackets are Capt. White’s field
notes, and in cases where his name is not mentioned, it is to
be understood that he is the collector of the specimens from
Ooldea and other places on the East-West Railway.

GRAMINEAE.

Stipa scelerata, Behr. (iS. setacea, R. Br., var. latifolia,
Benth.). Ooldea (S. A. White). I think this grass, which
I have also from Karoonda, in the Trans-Murray scrub,
should take rank as a separate species, on account of its flat
leaves, 4-5 mm. broad, stouter stems, perennial rhizome, and
usually longer awns. [Grows to a good height, but found
sparingly, in the sandhill country. |

Panicum gracile, R. Br. Ooldea. Not only is there: a
bristle rising from the base of the terminal spikelet of each
spike, but several of the lower spikelets are also subtended by
a bristle longer than themselves. [Often met with growing
up in the centre of bushes which afforded it protection. |

379

Eragrostis pilosa, PB. Wynbring. [Only seen in this
one locality. |

Amphipogon strictus, R. Br., var. gracilis, Benth.
Ooldea. [Plentiful; grew in bushes amongst the sandhills. |

LILIACEAE,

Xerotes leucocephala, R. Br. Ooldea. Leaves unusually
broad (4-5 mm.).

PROTEACEAE.

Grevillea stenobotrya, F. v. M. Ooldea (Dist. W). The
fruit does not appear to have been hitherto described; it is
small (about 12 mm. long), shortly beaked, very oblique,
smooth and reddish (Ooldea), older, whitish, and rough (Lake
Perigundi); stipes of fruit thickened towards the summit,
one-half as long as the pedicel; seeds 1-2, flat, oblong,
dark brown, with a membranous circumferential wing of
about 2 mm. [A common shrub throughout the sandhill
country, and at the time of my visit (January) a mass of
white sweet-smelling blossoms. Grows to the height of 12
or 14 feet. I have met with this species in many parts of the
interior.] G. pterosperma, F. v. M. Sixty miles along East-
West. Railway. Fruit ovoid, about 2 cm. long (thus differing
from the description and from Murray River specimens),
oblique, not beaked, tomentum worn off, and seeds fallen.
[This is not nearly so plentiful as the preceding species. |

LORANTHACEAE.

Loranthus exocarpi, Behr. Four hundred and ten miles
along the East-West Railway. [Common species. |

L. pendulus, Sieb. Ooldea. Leaves thick, rather short
and obtuse, usually nerveless or only showing the midnerve.

SANTALACEAE.

Fusanus acuminatus, R. Br. “Native Peach.’ Ooldea.
[Numbers of these trees were seen, but none were: in fruit,
although quantities of stones were found on the ground. |

Exocarpus spartea, R. Br. Ninety-mile Desert (S. A.
White ; Dist. T).

CHENOPODIACEAE.

Rhagodia Gaudichaudiana, Mog. Ooldea. [This plant
forms a low bush; often met with in the sandhills. |
. Chenopodium microphyllum, F. v. M. Sixty miles along
East-West Railway. [Growing on stony tablelands; did not
see this plant in the sandy country. |

2Q

380

Atriplex spongiosum, F. v. M. Same place. [Growing
on the tablelands; distributed all over Central Australia. |
A. vesicaria, Hew. Same place. ([Plentiful on table-
lands; good fodder. |

Bassa paradoxa (R. Br.), F. v. M. Bookaloo. [A
common plant on the stony tablelands, but not so in the
sandy country.| &. diacantha (Benth.), F. v. M. Bookaloo.
B. echinopsila, F. v. M. Ooldea. [Found growing on the
damp flats between the sand ridges; the burrs cause great, dis-
comfort, attaching themselves to the clothing. |

AMARANTACEAE.

Trichinuum incanum, R. Br., var. grandiflorum, Benth.
Ooldea. Perianth nearly 15 mm. long, the inner segments
appearing densely woolly owing to the long hairs arising from
the base and also from the margins; bracts densely stellate-
woolly in the lower part; bracteoles more or less woolly on
the midrib; leaves oblong, stellate-tomentose. [Only found
on the stony tablelands.]. 7. corymbosum, Gaud. Sixty
miles along East-West Railway. [Found growing on the stony
tablelands; have met with this plant all through the
interior.| 7’. alopecuroideum, F. v. M. Same place. [Grow-
ing on stony tablelands ; have seen it in like places throughout
Central Australia. |

Alternanthera denticulata, R. Br. Wynbring. [Found
growing in the damp mud of a rock hole. |

PORTULACACEAE.

*Calandrima caulescens, H. B. K., var. Menziesw, Gray.
Karoonda ; flowering and fruiting, October 5, 1915 (J. M. B.).
Appeared well established, the stems procumbent on sandy
soil in or near the scrub. Determination confirmed by the
Director of the Kew Botanic Garden, who says that it “differs
from the type in having larger fiowers on longer peduncles.
This variety is distributed from Western California to British
Columbia, and is very variable, passing gradually into the
typical form.’ Bentham (FI. Aust., i., 175) records that
(’. caulescens “has established itself in waste places about
Adelaide and other parts of South Australia.” C. balon-
nensis, Lindl. Ooldea. “Parakeelya.” [This valuable fodder
plant was very beautiful about Ooldea, and enlivened the
landscape with a wealth of gloriously coloured blossoms. |

CRUCIFERAE.

*Lepdiwm Draba, L. “Hoary Cress.” Ooldea. [Plen-
tiful on the flats between the sandhills. |

381

RESEDACEAE.

*Reseda luteola, L. ‘“Dyer’s Weed.” Tantanoola.
Europe and countries round the Mediterranean. Not pre-
viously reported.

LEGUMINOSAE.

Acacia linophylla, W. V. Fitzg., in Journ. W. Austr.
Nat. Hist. Soc., May, 1904, p. 16. Wilgena, flowering, June,
1912 (J. W. Mellor); Mount Gunson, beginning to fruit,
October, 1915 (Mrs. Beckwith); Mount Gunson, flowering,
August, 1916 (Mrs. Beckwith); Ooldea, fruiting, January,
1917 (S. A. White). First record for South Australia; the
type came from Cue and Mount Magnet, Western Australia.
The identification (made by Mr. J. H. Maiden from Western
Australian specimens) was rendered certain when the curious
cylindrical, woody pods were found at Ooldea. The phyllodes
of this Mulga are scarcely distinguishable from those of the
narrow-leaved forms of A. anewra and A. brachystachya
except by their greater length, which is sometimes 18 cm. ;
they are slightly compressed and about 14 mm. broad.
Flowers (not seen by Fitzgerald) pentamerous, in spikes 15-20
mm. long, on spreading peduncles about 6 mm. long;
bracteoles tack-shaped; sepals linear-spathulate; petals
pubescent, thickened towards the summit, at first cohering,
afterwards free (see pl. xvill.). Some of our pods are con-
siderably longer than those described by Fitzgerald, two of
them being 124 cm. long. [This is the most plentiful species
of Mulga to be found in the sandhills round Ooldea. I feel
sure this species extends as far north as the Everard and Mus-
grave Ranges, but, in spite of all efforts, could not discover
seed-pods when I visited that region in 1914. This was owing
to a many years’ drought. |

Acacia Randelliana, W. V. Fitzg., l.c., p. 14. Ooldea,
fruiting, January, 1917 (S. A. White). This is another new
record for South Australia, the original specimens being from
Mount Malcolm and near Kanowna, Western Australia. The
moniliform pods bear a considerable resemblance to those of
A. Burkittu, F. v. M..,. but are not quite so long, and the
globular seeds with a very prominent umbo form a distinctive
feature, as well as the two-edged phyllodes, which are, in our
specimens, broader and shorter than those of A. Burkittii.
In the latter species the seed is compressed-ovoid, 6-7 mm.
long, while in 4. Randelliana the seed is globose and about
5 mm. in diameter. The flowers are the same, except that the
petals of 4. Randelliana are lacking in the slight pubescence
at the base. In both cases the phyllodes are delicately ciliate
towards the summit, but those of A. Burkittii have a distinct
gland not far from the wrinkled base, and this is absent or

382

almost obsolete in A. Landelliana. The two species are
closely allied, the pod and seed being the distinguishing .
characters (see pl. xviil.). [This is the first time I have
met with this Acacia. It is growing in abundance in the
sandhill country round Ooldea; very ornate in growth, form-
ing beautiful spherical bushes up to 6 feet high, but generally
4 or 5 feet. The round seeds form food for pigeons and other
birds; a great thickness of fallen leaves is to be found under
every bush. |

Acacia salicina, Lindl. Ooldea. ‘Umbrella Bush.”
Pods 7-12 cm. long, 7-9 mm. broad, straight or curved, more
or less constricted between the seeds, but almost as firm and
woody as those of A. varians, Benth. [Grows closer to the
ground in the Ooldea sandhill country than it does farther
north and makes a larger bush.| A. rigens, A. Cunn.
Monarto South, flowering August (Miss A. McMahon; Dist.
M). A. Bynoeana, Benth. A specimen in the Tate Her-
barium, from west of Lake Amadeus, has solitary and glabrous
peduncles, about 10 mm. long, and often nearly as long as
the phyllodes.

Cassia Sturtu, R. Br. Four hundred and thirteen miles
along East-West Railway. Leaflets in 5-6 pairs, lanceolate and
channelled above, so as to come very near those of C.
artemisioides. [Common shrub in sandhills; in full blossom
in May.] C. eremophila, A. Cunn., var. platypoda, Benth.
Ooldea. [Common in sandhills, and in May the bushes were
covered in seed-pods from green to dark brown. |

Swainsona coluteoides, F. v. M. Ooldea, flowering and
fruiting in June. Pods 4 cm. long, very bladdery. [This
fine Swainsona was growing close to the railway line about
400 miles from Port Augusta. The flower-spikes at the top
of the plants were over 4 feet from the ground. |

Bossiaea Walkeri, F. v. M. Ooldea. [This strange plant
forms great masses on the sandhills 4 or 5 feet high, and at
the time of my visit was thick with dark-red flowers. |

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.

Zygophyllum fruticulosum, DC. Sixty miles west of Port
Augusta,’ July. <A dry-country form, similar to that found
on the Murray, with very delicate, straw-coloured wings and
only one seed in each fruit examined; those in the other
3 cells being abortive. [Found on the tablelands amidst the
stones ; also in the sandhills, where it was in fruit. |

RUTACEAE.

Boronia caerulescens, F. v. M. Ooldea. Petals tinged
with green (not purple) along the midrib ; leaves only 2-3 mm.

383

long, spreading. [A remarkable bush, owing to its shining
leaves and rich green. |

EUPHORBIACEAE.

Euphorbia Drummondu, Boiss. Ooldea. [This plant
was not nearly so plentiful as I have seen it further north. |

Beyeria opaca, F. v. M. Ooldea.

Adriana tomentosa, Gaud. Ooldea (Dist. W). Seeds not
quite ripe; ash-coloured and smooth. [Only seen in one
locality near the Ooldea condensers; bush, 2 feet tall. |

SAPINDACEAE.

Heterodendron oleifoleum, Desf. Ooldea. [This is a
large shrub, generally growing on the loamy flats. |

MALVACEAE.

Lavatera plebeia, Sims, var. tomentosa, Hook f. A
maritime, dense-flowered variety, with pure white flowers and
a velvety tomentum, collected by Capt. S. A. White on
Althorpe Island, February, 1916. It grew rapidly in my
garden from seed, and in a year became a stout shrub, 1 m.
high, with a stem of 6 cm. diameter at base. It was certainly
biennial, and perhaps of much longer duration, but I had to
remove it. Professor Ewart informs me that it agrees closely
with specimens from Yorke Peninsula in the National Her-
barium of Victoria. Samples were submitted to Kew, and
the following reply was received: —‘“The Lavatera has been
identified with specimens at Kew from Port Fairy, Victoria
(R. Gunn), Trefoil Island, near Woolnorth, Tasmania (R.
Gunn), and King George Sound, Western Australia (Cun-
ningham, R. Brown, Drummond). These specimens are
named L. plebeva, Sims, in the ‘Flora Australiensis,’ but
they evidently belong to a distinct variety, if not a distinct
species, and it has now been ascertained that J. D. Hooker,
in Hooker’s Journ. Bot., 11. (1840), p. 412, described a variety
tomentosa to which he referred Gunn’s and Cunningham’s
specimens, citing L. australis, Cunn., in Hook. Herb., as a
synonym.” [Found growing between the granite rocks on
Althorpe Island. The light-colouration and thickness of the
leaves, also their softness, seemed remarkable. |

Abutilon Fraseri, Hook. Sixty miles along East-West
Railway. Here, as in similar specimens from Arkaringa and
Mount Hopeless, there is some doubt as to the species, all
the flowers being male. [Growing on stony tablelands; have
met with this plant in many parts of the interior. |

Hibiscus Pinomanus, Gaud. Three hundred and ninety-six
miles from Port Augusta along East-West Railway. Locally

384

called “Sturt’s Desert Rose.” Flowering, May, 1917. Agrees
exactly with specimens in the Tate Herbarium from the Vic-
toria Desert, September 15, 1891 (R. Helms). Style-branches
pubescent near the summit, spirally twisted and united up
to the 5 red, capitate stigmas, thus conforming with Gaudi-
chaud’s original description (“‘stylo wnico, stigmate clavato-
cagitato”’) and with the accompanying plate. Ovary
glutinous, pubescent; calyx 25 mm. long; petals nearly 6 cm.
long, with a small tooth on one side. [Makes a shapely bush
up to 4 feet 6 inches tall, covered in beautiful bluish-purple
blossoms ; sandhill country seems to be its habitat.]

Sida intricata, F. v. M. Sixty miles along the East-West
Railway (S. A. White); Tarcoola (J. W. Mellor; Dist. W).
[Growing in sheltered spots, such as depressions and sheltered
sides of hills, upon the tablelands. |

DILLENIACEAE.

Hibbertia crispula, sp. nova (tab. wix.). Fruticulus
glaber tomento crispulo prope basin foliorum excepto, folvs
interdum fasciculatis lineari-cylindricis 2-4 em. longis 1 mm.
diametro marginibus incurvis itaque supra unisulcatis basi
semiampleaicaulibus et jguaxta axillam crispo-tomentosis,
floribus sessilibus in amice ramulorum, sepalis obovatis 5-7 mm.
longis ciliolatis bractead ovata dimidio minore suffultis, petalis
flavis suborbicularibus emarginatis sepala paulo superantibus,
staminibus 30-35, staminodus nullis, carpellis 3 glabris
4-5-ovulatis.

Ooldea, flowering in January, 1917 (S. A. White).
Allied to 77. fasciculata, R. Br.; //. elata, Maiden et Betche;
and H. virgata, R. Br., but differs in the much longer leaves,
more numerous stamens and ovules, and in being a desert
plant. Moreover, there appears to be constantly only one
bract at the base of the flower, and this bract is placed
opposite to the uppermost leaf. [Often met with in the sand-
hills around Ooldea in full flower; grows into a shapely bush
up to 2 feet 6 inches or 3 feet high. |

LYTHRACEAE.
Lythrum Hyssopifolia, L. Ooldea (Dist. W).

MYRTACEAE.

Thryptomene Whiteae, sp. nova (tub. wix.). Fruti-
culus gracilis, ramulis erectis tetragonis eburneis, folirs
obovato-oblongis 2-3 mm. longis carnosis decussatis laxe
umbricatis infra converts supra planiusculis in petioluwm

brevissemum abeuntibus, pedicellis solitariis brevioribus quam

385

folia, bracteolis ovatis concavis caducis, calycis tubo ovato
3 mm. longo deorsum valde compresso sursum turgido, lobis
latis obtusis albis I mm. longis petala alba orbicularia fere
aequantibus, stamimbus 5 lobis calycis oppositis, filamentis
incurvis in glandulam conspicuam loculos antherae super-
antem productis, ovulis 2 placentae lateral: juxta basin
affixis.

On the East-West Railway, 60 miles north-west of Port
Augusta; budding and flowering in January, 1917 (S. A.
White). In foliage near 7. (Micromyrtus) stenocalyz,
F. v. M., and 7. (Micromyrtus) flaviflora, F. v. M., but
differs in the larger calyx-lobes, the broad, flattened tube, the
number and position of stamens, etc. The new species is
dedicated to Mrs. S. A. White, in recognition of her services
to botanical research, when she accompanied her husband on
a camel excursion through Central Australia in 1913, and
rendered able assistance in collecting and preparing specimens.
{This low heath-like plant was found growing amongst the
stones on the tableland country, attaining the height of 10
or 12 inches; was not met with in the sandy country. |

Hucalyptus uncinata, Turcz. Ooldea (Dist. W). Young
leaves very glaucous. [Growing on the flats between, the
sand ridges.]| 2. wnerussata, Labill. Ooldea. A form
resembling those found at Murat Bay and Renmark, with
almost smooth fruits, 8-10 mm. long. [Isolated bunches
found in the sandhills. |

Leptospermum laevigatum, var. minus, F. v. M. Sand-
hills near Ooldea. These specimens are remarkable for hav-
ing the whole calyx covered with appressed-silky hairs (much
as in L. lanigerum), but in the ripening fruit the lobes fall
off and the calyx-tube becomes quite glabrous, which is the
normal condition in more southern forms; cells 6-8, summit
of capsule much exserted and convex; leaves lanceolate-
cuneate, 15-25 mm. long. Similar specimens are in the Tate
Herbarium from 60 miles north of Point Bell, a position
which would be about 100 miles south-east of Ooldea. [Quite
plentiful all through the sandhills; growing into large bushes,
15 feet tall. |

APOCYNACEAE.

Alyxia busxifolia, R. Br. Ooldea (Dist. W). [Large
bushes found all over the sandhill country. |

CoNVOLVULACEAE.

Convolvulus erubescens, Sims. Sixty miles along East-
West Railway. [A common plant on the tablelands, creeping
over low bushes. }

N

386

BORAGINACEAE. ©

Heliotromum europaeum, lL. Ooldea (Dist. W).

Halgana cyanea, Lindl. Ooldea. A very rough form,
with rigid, erect hairs and shorter glandular ones ; leaves only
5-10 mm. long, scarcely narrowed at base, with 3 terminal
teeth and about 8 lateral, midrib prominent beneath ; flowers
small. [This beautiful little plant was met with all through
the sandhills; gracefully rounded bushes, 18 inches tall, and
covered in rich-blue flowers. |

VERBENACEAE,

Dicrastylis Beveridge, F. v. M. Ooldea, flowering,
January. Leaves exceeding the description, oblanceolate,
10-30 mm. long by 3-5 mm. broad; flowers sessile in
distant clusters of 4-10, on a rhachis about 10 cm. long, some-
times branched at base. The flower apears to have been seen
by Mueller in bud only, and is therefore described here : —
Calyx globular in outline, 3 mm. long, villous outside with
long, branched, golden hairs, divided below the middle into
5 acute lobes; corolla 34 mm. long, bearded in the throat,
tomentose outside with white, stellate hairs, except towards
the membranous base and at the summit; stamens included ;
ovary stellate-tomentose. [This was a most attractive plant
with its panicles of golden flowers; the bushes attained the
height of 3 feet, and in some instances grew in masses very
closely together, forming a blaze of golden colour; many
insects are attracted by the flowers. I have never met with
this golden species before. |

*Verbena sumna, L. Ooldea.

LABIATAE.

Westringia Dampiert, R. Br. Ooldea. The short-leaved
form. [Often met with amongst the sandhills; 10 to 12
inches tall. ]

*Lamum amplexicaule, L. Mount Gambier, August
1915 (W. T. Spafford)); Geranium Plains, near Eudunda,
August, 1917 (per A. G. Edquist). Europe and Asia; called
in England “Henbit.”’

SOLANACEAE.

Solanum coactiliferum, J. M. Black. Three hundred and
seventy-six miles along the East-West Railway. [Common in
sandhills, 2 feet tall; in flower and fruit, May.]

Anthocercis myosotidea, F. v. M. Port Lincoln (H. H.
D. Griffith); Warunda (W. Gill; Dist. L).

387

MYopPoORACEAE.

Pholidia scoparia, F.v. M. Ooldea. [Growing sparingly
in the sandhills. |

Eremophila Paisleyx, F. v. M. Ooldea. Leaves much
broader than the type (6-8 mm.). JF. alternifolia, R. Br.
Ooldea. [Common shrub, growing on the flats between the
sandhills.] #. Gooduinn, F. v. M. Ooldea (Dist. W).
Agrees with descriptions, except that the fruit, not quite
ripe, is compressed, the hard endocarp winged on the 2 mar-
gins, 4-celled but only ripening 1 or 2 seeds, and apparently
ready to split into nuts. The fruit may, however, be
monstrous, owing to the attack of insects or to some other
cause. [A low shrub, occasionally met with on the flats
between the sand ridges. |

RUBIACEAE.
Pomax umbellata, Sol. Ooldea.

GOODENIACEAE.

Goodema strophiolata, F. v. M. (Pl. xx.) Ooldea,
flowering and fruiting, January, 1917 (S. A. White). First
record for South Australia, the type specimens having been
collected by Drummond in the country north of East Mount
Barren, Western Australia. Diels and Pritzel found it in the
Coolgardie District. In our specimens the fruiting pedicels
remain erect, and are not reflexed; the calyx-segments are
attached about the middle of the ovary and in fruit appear
almost as free sepals; the pedicel is jointed a short distance
above the 2 small linear bracteoles; the style is beset with
spreading hairs, and I could only find 4 ovules in each ovary
examined ; the ovoid capsule, considerably shorter than the
calyx, splits into 4 hard, thick valves; seeds 2-3, light yellow,
the strophiole large and papillose. [Plentiful in the sandy
country round Ooldea, forming a low bush.|

Damprera lanceolata, A. Cunn. Ooldea (Dist. W). [To
be found over all the sandy country in the district of Ooldea. |

CoMPOSITAE.

Helipterum floribundum, DC. Ooldea. Pappus-bristles
not united in a tube. [Found all through the sandhills. |

Helichrysum apicuiatum, DC. Ooldea. [Plentiful in
the sandhill country.] HH. bracteatum, Andr. Ooldea. [Not
common in the sandhills. |

Calotis erinacea, Steetz. Ooldea (Dist. W). Awns of
pappus only 2 (as in C. cymbacantha), but in other respects

N2

388

the specimens belong to (’. erinacea. {Common in sandhills ;
a very shapely little bush covered in bright-yellow flowers. ]

Gnephosis arachnoidea, Turcz. This species appears to
have been erroneously included in the flora of South Aus-
tralia. The specimens bearing this name in the Tate Her-
barium have the cup-shaped pappus and other characters of
G. cyathopappa, Benth. Professor Ewart kindly lent me the
following specimens from the National Herbarium of Victoria,
labelled “G. arachnoidea” :-—1, Darling Desert, near Bourke,
New South Wales, October, 1884 (Ad. Wurfel). 2, Between
Lachlan and Darling Rivers, October, 1885 (Joh. Bruckner).
3, Near Darling River, 1860 (Dr. Beckler). 4, Near Charlotte
Waters, Northern Territory, 1885 (H. Kempe). All these
specimens are indistinguishable from G. cyathopappa. He
also allowed me to inspect one of Drummond’s type-specimens
of G. arachnoidea, from Western Australia, a small plant
with reddish, filiform branches and heads only 4 mm. in
diameter. Some of the achenes had no pappus (thus agree-
ing with Bentham’s description, ‘“pappus none apparent at
the time of flowering”); but others, perhaps more advanced,
had a very short, saucer-shaped, jagged pappus. It would
appear that Mueller determined as G. arachnoidea certain
desert specimens of G. cyathopappa from northern South Aus-
tralia and western New South Wales with filiform branches
and rather smaller heads than usual (6-7 mm. in diameter).
The fact that some flowers of G'. arachnoidea possess a minute
pappus shows that the two species are very closely allied, but
at the same time it should be noted that even the youngest
flowers of G. cyathopappa (those in the early budding stage)
have the distinctly cup-shaped pappus. The examination of
more material from Western Australia may suggest the
advisability of uniting them, in which case Turczaninow’s
name would have priority. As long, however, as they are
kept distinct, G. arachnoidea should be considered as belong-
ing (as far as our present knowledge goes) to Western Aus-
tralia only.

Angianthus tomentosus, Wendl. Specimens from Fowler
Bay have a pappus of 3-5 scales, each surmounted by a
bristle; in specimens from the River Murray the number
varies from 2 to 4.

Cratystylis conocephala, 8. Moore. Ooldea. Ripe achenes
7 mm. long, compressed or angular, striate. [Growing in
bushes 2 feet high on flats between the sand ridges. |

Podolepis capillaris (Steetz), Diels. Ooldea. [This pretty
little plant was found all over the sandhills. |

*Dimorphotheca pluvialis (L.), Moench. Heathfield,
Kuitpo. Collected by Mr. W. Gill, Conservator of Forests,

389

and determined by Mr. J. H. Maiden. South Africa;
recorded by Professor Ewart (1909) as an exotic growing wild
in Victoria, but not yet sufficiently established to be con-
sidered naturalized. Grown as a garden plant in many coun-
tries on account of its handsome, radiate flower-heads. Also
in cemetery at Robe in 1910 (C. D. Black).

Erodiophyllum Elderi, F. v. M. (Pl. xx.) Fifty miles
north-east of the Burra (Walter Gill). Mr. Gill tells me that
he collected this very rare plant some years ago on the road
from the Burra to Sturt Vale Station, and, as far as his
memory serves, it was not more than 1 foot high. This
locality is in the northern part of Tate’s Dist. M. The Tate
Herbarium contains a single specimen in flower, from Wool-
tana Head Station, which lies to the east of Lake Frome, and
is on the border of Dists. C and S. The type was gathered
by J. Young in 1875, “between Elizabeth River and Youldeh”’
(Ooldea). The species, therefore, seems to have a wide dis-
tribution in South Australia, but is probably very localized.
The locality given for the type is rather indefinite, as the
distance between the Elizabeth River (an affluent of Pernatty
Lagoon) and Ooldea is some 300 miles. Some slight amend-
ments and additions to Mueller’s description (Fragm., 1x.,
119) should be made. All the flowers are not supported by
scales of the receptacle; the numerous central ones, which
crown the summit of the conical receptacle, have no scales.
They are all bisexual but sterile. Below these come 4 or 5
rows of short female flowers, embraced by conspicuous lanceo-
late bract-like imbricate scales, which are ciliate on the
scarious margins. These female flowers are not without
corollas, as Mueller declares, but the corolla is only 1 mm.
long, tubular, truncate, 5-nerved, and shortly hairy. Then
comes the outer row of about a dozen ligulate female flowers.
Both these forms of female flower are fertile. The head
undergoes changes when the fruiting period is reached. It
develops a globular shape, the scales become cartilaginous,
keeled, and concrete at base, and as the achenes are hidden
by them, they present the appearance of the inner involucral
bracts of an ordinary composite flower-head: the real bracts
of Hrodiophylium, which are in one row, and are at first
herbaceous, become horny in the lower half. and are reflexed
to such a degree that the tip is pressed against the thickened,
woody base of the involucre. The receptacle becomes
obconical in fruit, and the achene becomes hard, almost bony,
subtetragonous, and crowned by a short, crenate rim.
Mueller at first considered this genus as nearest to the South
African Garuleum and Steirodiscus, and in his first census
he placed it, among Australian genera, immediately after

; 390

Srachycome. In the second census he retained it in the
same position, but added the words ‘subgenus of Hrigeron,
sect. Trimorphaea.” It is indeed very difficult to find the
most suitable tribe of Compositae in which to place a genus
with the trimorphous flowers of a section of Hrigeron
(Astereae), the short, crown-shaped pappus of TJanacetum
and Matricaria (Anthemideae), the style of Arctotis (Arcto-
tideae), and several series of stiff, bract-like scales supporting
the female flowers, the last-named arrangement being one
which appears peculiar to Lrodiophyllum.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Prats XVIII.

Acacia Randeliana, W. V. Fitzg. 1, flower. 2, carpel.
3, part of one valve of pod, with seed. 4, seed. 5, embryo.
6, upper part of phyllode.

Acacia linophylla, W. V. Fitazg. 7, flowering branch from
Mount Gunson. 8, carpel. 9, flower. 10, bracteole. 11, fruit-
ing branch from Ooldea. 12, seed. 13, one valve of pod. 14,
upper part of phyllode.

Prats XIX.

Hibbertia crispula, n. sp. 1, base of leaf. 2, bud. 3, petal.
4, 2 of the 3 carpels and some stamens. 5, carpel split open.
6, transverse section of leaf.

Thryptomene Whiteae, n. sp. 7, young bud within bracteoles.
8, bud. 9, the same, turned so that the compression of the calyx-
tube is seen. 10, stamen (front). 11, stamen (back). 12, flower
viewed from above. 18, vertical section of flower. 14, leaf
(under-side). 15, transverse section of leaf. 16, transverse section
of upper part of calyx-tube, showing ovary and 2 ovules.

Pratt XX.

Erodiophyllum Elderi, F. v. M. 1, flowering branch. 2,
fruiting head. 3, ligulate female flower. 4, short-corollate female
flower. 5, bisexual but sterile flower. 6, vertical section of ripe
achene, showing seed. 7, upper part of style of bisexual flower.
8, upper part of style of female flower. 9, hardened fruiting scale
of the short-corollate female flowers.

Goodenia strophiolata, F. v. M. 10, flowering and fruiting
branch. 11, flower. 12, fruit. 13, vertical section of fruit, show-
ing 1 strophiolate seed in place.

391

NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN ISOPODA.

By Cuas. Cuitton, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., C.M., LL.D.,
F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Professor of Biology, Canterbury
College, New Zealand.

(Communicated by Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S.)
[Read October 11, 1917.]

(a) The Genus Serolis, Leach.
Figs. 1-14.

The following notes on the Australian Serolidae are
based on the examination of a small collection belonging to
the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, which has been
kindly sent to me for investigation. Most of them were
collected in Gulf St. Vincent by Dr. J. C. Verco, and the
remainder by a private party of which Mr. Edgar R Waite,
Director of the Museum, was a member.

The Serolidae form a peculiar family of the Isopods con-
taining the single genus, Sero/is, with about 25 species. They
are characterized by the much-depressed body, round or oval
in form, with widely-developed epimera. The first peraeon
segment has the epimeral portion very largely developed and
produced forwards so as to enclose the head shield on both
sides. Beddard considers this first segment to be formed by
the dorsal fusion of two segments, ?.¢., those bearing the
maxillipeds and the first pair of legs (gnathopods) ; in some
species there is an incomplete transverse suture on the first
epimera which ‘“‘seems to mark the line of division between
the two segments dorsally’ (Beddard: 1884, p. 8). The
terminal segment of the peraeon is vestigial, its tergum being
unrepresented and its appendages smaller than those pre-
ceding. The pleon consists of three free segments and a
caudal shield. In the appendages the first pair of legs are
developed into characteristic subchelate gnathopods, and the
second pair in the male may also be subchelate, though of
very much smaller size than the first; the remaining pairs
of legs are of the usual character, and are used for walking,
or perhaps also to some extent for swimming. In the pleon
the first three pairs of pleopoda differ markedly from the
fourth and fifth, and form flat leaf-like swimmerets abund-
antly provided with hairs. The fourth and fifth are
branchial, and consist of a basal joint with lamellar outer

, (1) The references are made by the year of publication to the
list at end of this paper.

Fig. 3.
Serolis tuberculata, second antenna,

Fig. 2.
Serolis tuberculata, first antenna,

Fig. 4.
Serojis tuberculata, mandible.’

(

Fig. 7.

Fig. 5. :
Serolis tuberculata, maxilliped.

Serolis tuberculata,
first maxilla.

Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 9.
Seroleduberculatar Serolis tuberculata, first pair of Serolis tuberculata, second pair of legs of male
legs (gnathopods). (more highly magnified than fig. 8).

second maxilla.

393

and inner branches, which act as gills, the outer branch of
the fourth being stouter, and forming an operculum divided
by a transverse suture. The terminal appendages, or uropoda,
are small and of the usual character, consisting of a short
basal joint and flat inner and outer branches.

The whole of the species of the genus known up to 1884
were fully worked out by Mr. F. E. Beddard in his Report
on the Isopoda of the “Challenger” Expedition, in which he
also considered the geographical distribution of the group,
pointing out that the species are confined almost entirely to
the Southern Hemisphere, and have probably arisen on the
shores of the South Polar Continent and thence spread
northwards.

Mr. Beddard also drew attention to the fact that the
six species then known from Australia form a well-marked
division of the genus, being characterized by the fact that the
tergum of the fifth segment of the peraeon is extremely
narrow and that of the sixth obsolete in the middle line, and
that all the species are of small size.

Very little has been added to our knowledge of the group
“since the publication of Mr. Beddard’s paper. All the six
Australian species were obtained by Mr. Waite on the
“Thetis” Expedition, and were recorded in 1901 by Mr. T.
Whitelegge in his Report on the Isopoda. In one or two cases
he gave additional facts regarding their size and structure.

In the collection belonging to the South Australian
Museum four of these species are represented, v7z., S. twber-
culata, S. australiensis, S. longicaudata, S. minuta, and there
are also specimens which I am describing as a new species,
S. bakeri, closely allied to Serolis minuta. The other two
Australian species are S. elongata and 8S. pallida. JI have
seen no specimens of the latter, but I have been able to
examine a specimen of S. e/ongata in the collections made by
the F.I.S. “Endeavour.”

I give below a few additional notes and figures of some
of the species where they appear to be necessary, but there
is comparatively little to be added to the very full account
given by Beddard in 1884.

Genus Seroiis, Leach, 1818.
List of Australian species, with localities: —
Serolis tuberculata, Grube, 1875.
Bass Strait (Grube); Bass Strait, 38-40 fathoms (“Chal-
lenger,” Stations 161 and 162); Newcastle Bight, 24-27
fathoms (“Thetis,’’ Station 33); Gulf St. Vincent, 4
fathoms (Edgar R. Waite); St. Francis Island, South
Australia, 6-13 fathoms (Dr. J. C. Verco).

394

S. australiensis, Beddard, 1884.

Bass Strait, 38 fathoms (Challenger, Station 36); off

Botany Bay, 20-23 fathoms (“Thetis,’’ Station 36) ; South

Australian coast (Dr. J. C. Verco).

S. elongata, Beddard, 1884.
Port Jackson, 30 fathoms (‘““Challenger’’) ; off Cape Three
Points, 41-50 fathoms (“‘Thetis,” Station 13).

S. longicaudata, Beddard, 1884.

Off entrance to Port Phillip, 33 fathoms (‘“Challenger,”

Station 161); off Gibbon, 46-50 fathoms (“Thetis,”

Station 38); off St. Francis Island, South Australia,

6-13 fathoms (Dr. J. C. Verco).

S. pallida, Beddard, 1884.

Bass Strait, 38 fathoms (“Challenger,’’ Station 162) ;

off Port Jackson, 30-35 fathoms (‘‘Challenger,”’ Station

163); off Cape Three Points, 41-50 fathoms (‘‘Thetis,”

Station 13).

S. minuta, Beddard, 1884.

Entrance to Port Phillip, 38 fathoms (‘“Challenger,’”

Station 161); off St. Francis Island, South Australia,

6-13 fathoms (Dr. J. C. Verco).

S. bakert, n. sp.
Encounter Bay, South Australia, 20-30 fathoms (Dr. J.
C. Verco).
SEROLIS TUBERCULATA, Grube.
Figs. 1-9.

Serolis tuwberculata, Grube: Archiv. f. Naturgesch., 1875,
p. 227; Beddard: 1884, ‘‘Challenger’’ Reports, vol. ii., p. 67,
pl. vi., figs. 1,2; Whitelegge: 1901, ‘‘Thetis’’ Sci. Results, Austr.
Mus., Mem. iv., p. 236.

Dredged by Dr. Verco, South Australian coast, many
specimens.

Gulf St. Vincent, 4 fathoms, sand, Edgar R. Waite,
12/2/17, 3 specimens.

Petrel Bay, St. Francis Island, dredged by Dr. Verco,
6-13 fathoms, 2 specimens.

These specimens agree well with the figures given by
Beddard. I have not been able to see Grube’s paper. One
specimen examined is 18 mm. in length and about 14 mm.
broad, and is therefore about the same as the larger of the
two specimens examined by Beddard, which had been obtained
in Bass Strait by the “Challenger’’ Expedition. Grube’s
specimens also came from Bass Strait.

The species seems to be a common one off the southern
coasts of Australia, the specimens of it in the small col-
lection sent to me from South Australia far outnumbering all
the other species together.

395

As Grube’s paper is not readily accessible in Australia,
and Beddard, in consequence of Grube’s full description, did
not describe the appendages very fully, I have added one or
two additional notes and figures descriptive of the species. It
is readily distinguished from the other Australian species by
the series of pointed tubercles along the posterior margins
of the anterior segments of the peraeon, by the median
tubercles on all the segments, and by the uropods having the
outer branch considerably shorter than the inner, with the
posterior end concave (see fig. 1).

The rostrum is long, reaching to the end of the first
peduncular joint of the first antenna.

The tubercles along the posterior margin of the peraeon
segments vary in the different segments and to some extent
in different specimens. They are most numerous in the fourth
(v.e., the third free segment), where they are, in the speci-
men drawn, nine on each side; on the first segment there
are only four on each side, on the second six, and on the
third seven. On the fifth and sixth segments again they are
reduced to one or two indistinct tubercles on a slight ridge.

The first antenna (fig. 2) has the basal joint broadly
dilated, the second considerably longer than the first and
slightly ridged on the upper-surface, the third joint con-
siderably longer than the first and second together and with
a slight ridge on its upper-surface, the fourth joint is small,
the flagellum contains about 25 joints and is slightly longer
than the peduncle. The second antenna (fig. 3) is well char-
acterized by the pointed projection of the third joint on its
posterior aspect and by the ridge on the upper-surface, the
fourth joint is rather longer than the fifth, it is slightly
widened at the base, narrowing towards the distal end, the
outer surface bears five slight projections bearing small tufts
of hairs, the upper-surface is distinctly rmdged along the
whole length; the fifth joint is more slender but otherwise
similar ; the flagellum contains about 20 joints, and is rather
longer that the fifth joint of the peduncle. The mandible
(fig. 4) is of normal] shape characteristic of the genus, the
basal portion having its distal end bent inwards and ending
in four stout teeth ; the palp is much longer than the mandible
itself, its second joint is the longest and bears on the outer
margin towards the distal end a distinct row of setae, the
third joint: is a little more than one-third the length of the
second. The first maxilla (fig. 5) has the outer lobe con-
siderably curved and ending in about a dozen stout spinules.
The inner lobe is very small and narrows to the subacute
apex, which bears a single short spinule. The second maxilla
(fig. 6) has the two outer lobes narrow with the margins

396

irregularly and finely serrate and the extremities bearing only
two long setae in each case ; the inner lobe is much broader and
bears on its rounded extremity about a dozen long stout
setae, and on the inner surface a small tuft of fine hairs. The
maxilliped (fig. 7) is similar in general shape to that of S.
australiensis; the first joint of the palp is very short, bears
a few spines on its surface, the second is much the longest
and has the inner margin produced and bearing a regular
row of stout setae; there are also four setae in a line on its
outer surface and some fine hairs near the outer margin; the
terminal joint is rather more than half the length of the
second and bears a tuft of stout setae at its extremity.

The first pair of legs is shown in fig. 8; they are, as
usual, modified into powerful subchelate gnathopoda, the
ischial joint is particularly long and slender, the carpus is
produced inwards into a long acute process bearing two
spinules, the palm is armed with the characteristic spinules
and the finger is long, extending:along the whole length of the
palm. In the second pair of legs (fig. 9) of the male the
ischium is very long, the merus and carpus subequal, propod
narrowing distally, and with the palm armed with two rows
of six stout spinules each. In this appendage, as well as in
the first pair, there is a pretty close resemblance to the
corresponding appendage of S. pa/lida as figured by Beddard.

The sternal surface of each of the first three pleon seg-
ments is produced in the median line into a stout tooth
directed backwards; the tooth on the first segment is the
largest and overlaps the next, just as in S. awstraliensis.
These teeth appear to be equally developed in male and
female.

The caudal plate has the extremity transverse and
straight, but with the lateral margins slightly bent in, so
that the posterior margin may appear curved when viewed
from behind. The uropods have the outer branch about two-
thirds the length of the inner one, the end being concave ;
the inner branch has the extremity rounded.

SEROLIS AUSTRALIENSIS, Beddard.
Fig. 10.

Serolis australiensis, Beddard: 1884, l.c., p. 69, pl. vi.,.
figs. 3-6; Whitelegge: 1901, l.c., p. 237.

South Australian coast (precise locality not given), |
specimen (Dr. J. C. Verco).

This specimen is a male, 10 mm. long and 8 mm. broad,
and agrees well with Beddard’s description in having the
whole of the dorsal surface covered with great numbers of
rounded tubercles, the tubercles being very distinct on the

397

terminal portion of the body. The rostrum is long, reaching
to the end of the first segment of the peduncle of the first
antenna. The terminal segment has the posterior margin
truncate and slightly emarginate. The ventral surface of
the first segment of the pleon is produced into a particularly
stout tooth, covering those on the next two segments. The
first antenna has the flagellum long, composed of about 50
rather short joints. In the uropoda the outer branch is
shorter than the inner, it ends truncately and has the outer
and posterior margin obscurely serrate; the inner branch
reaches to the end of the terminal segment, and has the end
rounded (see fig. 10).

SEROLIS LONGICAUDATA, Beddard.
Vig. 11,

Serolis longicaudata, Beddard: 1884, l.c., p. 72, pl. vii.,
figs. 8-10, and pl. viii., figs. 1, 2; Whitelegge: 1901, l.c., p. 237.

Off St. Francis Island, 6-13 fathoms, collected by Dr.
Verco, 2 males, length 8 mm., breadth 5 mm.

In the shape of the body, the short epimera, long rostrum,
and long pleon with incurved sides, these specimens agree
with Beddard’s description. The antennae and other append-
ages are also closely similar to those described by him, and
I have no doubt that the specimens belong to this species.
The “Challenger” Expedition obtained only one immature
female, though on pl. vill., presumably by misprint, it is
described as a male.

Beddard says “‘the cephalic shield as well as the rest of
the body is quite smooth, and free from tubercles’ (1884,
p- 73). In the two small specimens that I have examined
there is a distinct median keel, and the median tubercles are
fairly distinct on the three free segments of the pleon, and to
a less extent on the peraeon segments. The first three seg-
ments of pleon bear median teeth on the ventral surface, as
in S. tuberculata and S. australiensis, and the first is the
largest, but I cannot make out the “fenestrae” described in it
by Beddard. The terminal segment has the posterior margin
concave. In the uropoda the two branches are subequal, the
outer one being only very slightly shorter than the inner; it
is crenate at the end; the inner branch has the end rounded
and with small crenations (fig. 11).

SEROLIS minUuTA, Beddard.
_ Serolis minuta, Beddard: 1884, l.c., p. 77, pl. vii., figs. 2-6;
Whitelegge: 1901, l.c., p.®237.
Off St. Francis Island, 6-13 fathoms, collected by Dr.
J. C. Verco, 2 females.

398

Both these specimens are females bearing eggs; the
larger is 8 mm. long and 7 mm. broad, the other being very
slightly smaller. They are thus rather larger than the single
male specimen obtained by the “Challenger,” the dimensions
of which Beddard gives as 5 mm. long and 5 mm. broad.
The specimens agree closely with the description given by
Beddard in having the body almost circular and rostrum
short, the head with three blunt tubercles on the posterior
margin and the following segments with a blunt median
tubercle on the posterior margin, the free segments also
having a lateral tubercle on the tergal portion close to its
junction with the epimeral portion. The characters of the
pleon and of the uropods are in close agreement with Bed-
dard’s description.

Both specimens, however, differ slightly in having 2 or 3
small tubercles on each side of the first free segment and of
the next 2 or 3 segments, the tubercles being arranged in a
row near the posterior margin much as in 8S. tuberculata,
though they are less marked than in that species. Beddard
makes no mention of these in his single male specimen, and
it is possible, therefore, that they are found in the female
only, or perhaps they were not developed in his slightly
smaller specimen.

The ventral surfaces of the first three pleon segments
are nearly straight, and are not produced into teeth, as in
the preceding species.

SEROLIS BAKERI, Nl. Sp.
Figs. 12-14,

Encounter Bay, 20-30 fathoms, 2 males, 3 females with
eggs (Dr. J. C. Verco).

These specimens from Encounter Bay come very near to
the previous species, S. minuta, and they may be only a variety
of it, but in one or two characters they differ from the descrip-
tion given by Beddard, and I am provisionally describing
them as a new species. They are rather smaller than the
specimens of S. minuta, one of the ovigerous females being
6 mm. long and 5 mm. broad; the males are approximately
the same size as the females.

The head agrees with Beddard’s description of S.
minuta in bearing three blunt, rounded tubercles near the
posterior margin. The following segments of the body have
the posterior margins straight, or very nearly so, and there is
no indication of the blunt, median tubercle except to a very
slight extent in the third pleon Segment. The lateral
tubercles, or processes, which are situated on the tergal por-
tion of each segment near the junction with the epimeral

399

portion in S. minuta are also quite absent. The terminal
segment, however, is distinctly keeled and has the lateral mar-
gins slightly curving inwards. The lateral margins of the
epimera are smooth and without serrations, but in some cases
they bear a few small hairs.

The antennae are similar to those of S. minuta. The
first pair of legs (fig. 12) are similar to those of S. minuta,
the setae on the palm of the first pair are of smilar shape ;
the second pair in the male (fig. 13) has the palm provided
with two rows of 4 or 5 stout setae each, the dactyl has a
terminal portion separate from the broader basal portion, but
shorter than the corresponding part in S. minuta. The
remaining legs bear long slender setae, but apparently no ser-
rated spines. In the uropoda (fig. 14) both branches are
narrow and have the posterior margins dentate, the dentations
being most distinct on the outer branch, which is very slightly
shorter than the inner.

Specific Diagnosis.

Body almost circular, caudal shield projecting only a
little beyond the outline of the circle. Rostrum very short.
Posterior margin of head provided with three blunt tubercles.
Terminal segment with extremity narrow and rounded, its
dorsal surface with conspicuous keel. Dorsal surface of body
smooth and without median and lateral tubercles. Epimera
of sixth segment of peraeon extending to the first third of
the caudal shield, those of the third pleon segment reaching
to the middle of the shield. Uropoda with both branches
narrow, outer with external margin obscurely serrate, end
dentate or crenate, and with one or two hairs, inner branch
a little longer and with end less distinctly serrate.

In other respects resembling S. minuta.

Length, 6 mm.; breadth, 5 mm.

Locality.—Encounter Bay, South Australian coast.

I have pleasure in naming this species after Mr. W. H.
Baker, F.L.S., Hon. Curator in Crustacea at the South Aus-
tralian Museum, who has done so much good work on the
Crustacea of South Australia.

(b) On Deto marina, Chilton.
Figs. 15-21.

About two years ago I published a paper (1915) on the
terrestrial Isopoda belonging to the genus Deto in which I
recognized the following species: —D. echinata, Guérin, and
D. aemosa, Budde-Lund, from Cape Colony; D. armata,
Budde-Lund, from St. Paul Island, Indian Ocean ; D. marina,

400

Fig. 11.
Serolis longicaudata, caudal plate
and uropods, from below.

Serolis australiensis, caudal plate
and gropod, from above.

Fig. 12.
Serolis bakeri, first pair of legs
AF (gnathopods).

J ee
ig. Za
Pig 13. : ; Fig. 14.
Serolis bakeri, Serolis bakeri,
second pair of legs of male.

uropods, from below.

.
————

Fig. 18.
Deto marina, first pleopod of femate.

=

Fig. 16.
Deto marina, first pleopod of
male, posterior aspect.

Fig. 19.
Deto marina, second pleopod of female

Fig. 17.
Deto marina,
second pleopod of male,

anterior aspect.

Nase.

a

y
Fig. 21.
ay Ps :
Deto marina, terminal portion of pleon
and uropoda of male.

Deto marina, terminal portion of pleon
and uropoda of female.

401

Chilton, from Coogee Bay, New South Wales; D. aucklandiae,
G. M. Thomson, from Lord Auckland Islands, New Zealand ;
and PD. bucculenta, Nicolet, from New Zealand and from
Valparaiso Bay, South America. The species are all found
on the sea shore at or near high-water mark, and show strik-
ing secondary sexual characters which differ considerably in
the different species.

At the time of writing the paper I had only the few
original specimens of D. marina, of which only one female
was mature, and the description of this species was therefore
somewhat imperfect. I added to it the remark (1915, p. 445),
“The adult male is not known; it will be interesting to see
in what characters it differs from the female.’’ Some months
after the MS. had been despatched to the printer, I received
from Mr. W. H. Baker, of Adelaide, a few specimens of an
Isopod that he had collected on the shore of Kangaroo Island,
South Australia. On examination these proved to belong to
Deto marina, and among them were adult males and females.
I am therefore able now to complete my description by adding
that of the adult male and to point out the sexual characters.
In this case the male characters prove to be a greater elonga-
tion of the uropoda, and a more distinctly tuberculated char-
acter of the dorsal surface of the body. The antennae, which
show such marked sexual dimorphism in D. aucklandiae, are
practically the same in both sexes in JD. marina, and there is
no sign of the dilatation of the first peraeon segment in the
male such as occurs in D. bucculenta. At the same time I
give a description and figures of the first and second pleopoda
of the male and female, from which it will be seen that they
are in close general agreement with those of the other species.

The specific description I gave in 1915 applies with very
sight modification to the females from Kangaroo Island. In
the following account I have drawn up a corresponding
description of the male.

DETO MARINA, Chilton.
Figs. 15-21.
Philougria marina, Chilton: 1884, p. 463, pl. xi.; Stebbing:
1900, p. 565; Chilton: 1901, p. 128.

Deto marina, Budde-Lund: 1906, p. 85, pl. iv., figs. 39-41;
Chilton: 1915, p. 444, pl. xxxix., figs. 19-23

Specific Description.

3. Body oblong-oval, length rather more than twice the
greatest breadth. Head with surface covered with irregular
rather spinose tubercles, front projecting into a triangular
lobe ending subacutely, lateral lobes very broad. Eyes large,
on rounded prominences raised above the lateral lobes.

402

Surface of peraeon with numerous acute tubercles, forming a
fairly well-marked row along the posterior margin with
another row less distinct situated more anteriorly on each
segment, a few tubercles irregularly scattered between the two
rows ; epimera not greatly expanded, all united with the seg-
ment without sign of suture, each with a distinct oblique
ridge marked with small pointed tubercles, running outwards
and backwards to the posterior angle. Segments 3, 4, and
5 of pleon with well-developed epimera which have the pos-
terior angles acute, terminal segment triangular, its extremity
rounded.

Antennae about half the length of the body, slender,
fifth joint shghtly longer than the third and fourth together ;
flagellum as long as the fourth, with the first joint longer than
the second, which is slightly longer than the third, fourth
slender, about half as long as the preceding, and merging
almost imperceptibly into a pencil of very short setae, whole
surface of antenna covered with minute short spinules and fine
short setae.

Legs subequal in length, the posterior ones only slightly
increasing in length; all rather spiny, the largest spine, which
splits towards the end, being situated near the distal end of
the carpus.

Uropoda with base broad, reaching distinctly beyond the
end of the terminal segment ; outer ramus nearly twice as long
as the base, broad, lanceolate, slightly flattened ; whole sur-
face covered with minute spinules; inner ramus arising more
anteriorly, slender, only slightly tapering, ending with pencil
of long setae and reaching only slightly beyond the base
(fig. 20).

Length, 11 mm.; breadth, 5 mm.

Q. Differing from the male in having the body less dis-
tinctly tuberculated; epimera 2, 5, and 4 separated from
their segments by a fine suture, and the uropoda much less
elongated, the outer ramus being only as long as the base
and the inner ramus reaching about half-way along the outer
(fig. 21).

Dimensions of the ovigerous female examined. Length,
10 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.

Colour.-—Yellowish, with markings of dark brown.

Habitat.—Coogee Bay, near Port Jackson, New South
Wales (C. Chilton); Kangaroo Island, South Australia (W.
H. Baker).

The pleopoda of the male agree generally in shape with
those of D. acinosa. In the first pleopod (fig. 16) the inner
branch forms a stout appendage about twice as long as the
male organ and having the inner portion hollowed on the

403

posterior aspect and separated from the outer portion by a
ridge marked with a number of short blunt teeth; the outer
branch forma flat plate, oval in shape, and bearing only one
plumose seta towards the inner side. In the second pleopod
(fig. 17) the inner branch is very long, ending acutely, its
basal portion is broad and not distinctly articulated to the
distal part; on its anterior surface there is a groove, extend-
ing about half-way along the whole appendage and apparently
fitting against the inner portion of the endopod of the first
pleopod which closes the groove and forms the anterior wall
of the tube thus formed. The outer branch is irregularly
rhomboidal, having the outer margin fringed with a few
sparsely plumose hairs, the inner margin with a few small
short setae.

In the ovigerous female the first pleopod (fig. 18) consists
- of the outer branch only which forms a broad oblong plate
with rounded corners, as shown in fig 18; there is no sign
of the inner branch. The second pleopod (fig. 19) has the
outer branch slightly produced on the inner side, so as to be
rather more triangular, the inner and posterior margins bear-
ing a number of sparsely plumose setae; the inner branch
is represented by a stout triangular process ending acutely,
indistinctly separated from the basal portion and much
shorter than the outer branch.

The mouth-parts have been already partially figured by
-Budde-Lund. They show a close general resemblance to those
of other species, ¢.g., D. acinosa, and do not call for a detailed
description.

In D. marina, as in D. aucklandiae, the epimera 2, 3,
and 4 of the peraeon are separated from their respective seg-
ments by a fine but distinct sutural line, while in the male
they have completely coalesced with the segments. A similar
sexual difference is found in Ligia exotica and in some other
species. For further information on this point see my paper
on “Some Terrestrial Isopoda from the shore of Chilka Lake’’
(1916, p. 465).

From the description thus given it will be seen that D.
marina is closely allied to D. acinosa, from Cape Colony, the
pleopoda both of male and female being closely similar. It
can therefore stand with D. echinata, D. armata, and D.
acinosa, in the subgenus Deto, Budde- Lund, as being some-
what distinct from D. aucklandiae and D. buceulenta, which
form the subgenus Vinneta, Budde-Lund. The relationships
thus indicated agree well with the distribution of the species
and help us to understand how they arrived at the localities
where they now exist, the species of the subgenus Deto being
now found at Cape Colony, St. Paul Island in the Indian

404

Ocean, and Australia; while those of the subgenus Vinneta
occur at New Zealand and neighbouring islands, and at Chile
in South America.

For further general remarks reference may be made to
my paper on the genus (1915, p. 453). Since it was published
I have personally collected many specimens of Deto bucculenta,
Nicolet, on the shores of Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island,
New Zealand, and have examined others collected by Mr. W.
R. B. Oliver “under stones near high-water mark, Waitangi,
Chatham Islands.”

In Stewart Island the animals were found under stones
and boulders on the rocky shore at or slightly below high-
water mark, being often covered at high tide. They were
found along with Ligia novae-zealandiae, Hxosphaeroma
gigas, etc. When disturbed they either remain quite still or
walk slowly only, and are easily captured, thus forming a
marked contrast to Ligia novae-zealandiae, which runs with
great rapidity.

I am much indebted to Miss E. M. Herriott, M.A.,
Assistant at the Canterbury College Biological Laboratory,
for preparing the figures illustrating this paper.

REFERENCES.
Beddard, F. E.:—
1884—“‘Challenger”’’ Reports, xi., pp. 1-85, pls. 1.-x.
Budde-Lund, G. :—
1906—-Die Landisopoden der Deutschen Siidpolar-
Expedition, 1901-1903. Band 9, Zoologie 1., pp.
71-92, pls. i1., iv.
Chilton Ca
1884.-—On a Marine Species of Philowgria. Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. 9, pp. 463-466, pl. x1.
1901—The Terrestrial Isopoda of New Zealand. Trans.
Linn. Soc., 2nd ser., Zool. 8, pp. 99-152, and
Oi hO2™,, OUS 2. rice Rave
1915—VDeto, a Subantarctic Genus of Terrestrial Isopoda.
Jour. Linn. Soc., vol. 32, pp. 435-456, pls.
RR, al
1916—Fauna of the Chilka Lake: “Some Terrestrial
Isopoda from the Shore of the Lake.” Mem.
Indian Museum, vol. v., pp. 459-482, with 36
text figures.
Stebbing, T. R. R.:—
1900—On some Crustaceans from the Falkland Islands
collected by Mr. Rupert Vallentin. Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1900, pp. 517-568, pls. xxxvi-xxxix.

405

RESULTS OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM EXPEDITION
TO STRZELECKI AND COOPER CREEKS.

SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1916.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum.|
[Read August 9, 1917. ]

Pruates XXII. ro XLIII.

ConTENTS. Page.
(a) IntRopvuctTiIon, by Edgar R. Waite aa f > BOB
(b) Narrative, by Edgar R. Waite ... Fee sft 40K
(c) GenERAL Notes, by Edgar R. Waite _... ST genes
Post-drought Conditions ie Be, meee Sadie
Effects of Stock Be Ee ae se
Sand and Gibber ae + 1 nity Ma
Rotten Ground and Gia paue is: eet MEDS
The Mirage ze ee: eA: 49
Burke’s and Lewis’ Pres ei a a AZO
The Camels * As isa ws, en ee
(d) Merroronoey, bv Bdex R. Waite 7 alt ADD
(e) NorrEs oN THE RainFALL, by H. A. Hunt iy ae
(f) THe Natives, by Bdgar R. Waite ite ' 429
(g) MamMatia AND OpuipiA, by Edgar R. Waite ... 430
(hy Aves, by 8S. A. WuHrtt ... Men! of at ea
(1) StomacuH Contents oF Birps, by Arthur M. Lea 466
(7) Lacertinia, by F. R. Zietz 469
(k) Pisces, by a R. McCulloch and Bdgar R. Waite 472
(lj) Crustacea, by Dr. Charles Chilton a: emo Ts
(m) ARANEIDAE, by W. J. Rainbow _.... he 1. 482
(n) InsEctTa, by Arthur M. Lea ads x3 Lie 400
(oO), BOrAny, by J: .M. Black —.-: ah me Noles Soe

(a) INTRODUCTION.

The years 1913-1915 presented one of those droughts to
which Australia is periodically, though happily infrequently,
subject. The duration and intensity of the drought will be
best appreciated by referring to the accompanying details
supplied by the Commonwealth Meteorologist.

It was thought that the first “season” following the
breaking of the drought would provide an admirable oppor-
tunity for collecting natural history objects in the interior,

406

and the expedition, of which the following is a record, there-
fore resulted. The small party was constituted as follows: —

Leader—Edgar R. Waite, Director S.A. Museum.

Ornithologist—Capt. 8. A. White.

Taxidermist—O. Rau, S.A. Museum.

Cook and Assistant—James Atkins.

Native Guide—Bullocky Jack.

Afghan Camel Driver—Mahomet Salaam, with 9 bull
camels.

As the Museum ornithologist (Mr. F. R. Zietz) was
unable to accompany me, Capt. S. A. White kindly stepped
into the breach, and was officially attached to the party on
behalf of the Museum. This will explain why the accom-
panying report on the birds is prepared by Capt. White, and
not by the Museum ornithologist, who is responsible for the
account of the lizards obtained.

Mr. O. Rau, one of the taxidermists on the Museum staff,
accompanied the expedition in his official capacity, and, with
Capt. White, made skins and otherwise preserved the speci-
mens obtained.

Apart from the scientific requirements, the equipment
was furnished by Mr. F. Budge, of Farina.

Thanks are also due and are gratefully tendered to Mr.
H. A. Hunt, Commonwealth Meteorologist, for the interest-
ing notes on the rainfall of the districts traversed; to Dr.
Charles Chilton, for the account of the Crustacea; and to
Mr. W. J. Rainbow, for reporting on the spiders obtained.
The plants were collected by Capt. White and examined by
Mr. J. M. Black. Though not exactly within the scope of
the work of a zoological museum, I am pleased to be able to
include Mr. Black’s report, and thank him for the privilege
thus afforded. Mr. A. M. Lea and Mr. F. R. Zietz, members
of the staff of the South Australian Museum, are, respect-
ively responsible for the accounts on the one part, of the
insects and the stomach content of birds, and on the other,
of the lizards. To my share has fallen some notice of the
remaining vertebrates, and of matter of more _ general
interest.

Finally, in addition to thanking my friend Capt. White
for his contribution and for permission to reproduce four of
his photographs (pl. xxv., figs. 1, 2; pl. xxvii., fig. 2; and
pl. xxviil., fig. 2), I desire to express my appreciation of
his many acts of courtesy and kindness extended during the
course of the expedition.

E.R. W.
August 1, 1917.

407

(0) NARRATIVE.

By Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.

Puates XXII. to XXX.

The party left Farina on September 11, 1916, and
traversing most uninteresting country reached Mount Lynd-
hurst Station by way of Higgins Dam and Leslies Well on
the following day. Passing Frome Well and Waters Well,
we reached the Nob on the 14th, whence the route lay over
stony ground with low hills rising gently to the north-east
and dipping suddenly. Next day several ‘“‘whirlies’’ appeared,
the wind drawing up the sand into rapidly-moving columns
like waterspouts at sea; we also encountered gossamer driven
before the wind, each piece six or more feet in length, gener-
ally with a tuft at each end, one, of course, contain-
ing the young spider. Watering at Wades Tank on
the 15th, we reached the Devils Village, possibly named from
a rugged escarpment, recalling the Teufel’s Mauer on the
Danube. After leaving Trinity we entered a salt marsh
country, a weird district, the ground being encrusted and
resembling a snow scene, and freely pierced with springs,
each issuing from a low mound. The Petermorra Bore is
responsible for a fine sheet of water and running creek; as
usual with these artesian bores, we had to move a long way
from the bore head to find the water sufficiently cool for
the hand to tolerate. On September 18 we arrived at Mount
Hopeless Station, having travelled over the most dreary
country it has been my lot to traverse. No wonder Sturt
should have bestowed such a name—no tree, no bush, no
water ; and we had difficulty in scraping up sufficient materia]
for fire to boil the billy. Next day we reached a waterhole,
and later the crossing between Lakes Blanche and Callabonna,
all dry; but the water at the well was deliciously clear and
cool, and we speedily replaced the muddy water in our can-
teens. Leaving this encrusted and barren area, our route
now lay up Strzelecki Creek, also dry, but of greater interest,
and yielding a little more for the collector. In places large
shallow pools of muddy water still remained, but they were
for the greater part unapproachable, owing to the boggy
nature of the surrounding ground, and strewn with the car-
cases of dead cattle, bogged during the drought period. The
water in these pools is salter than the sea.

408

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FARINA

The dotted line shows the route.

409

The camels now showed signs of the presence of grubs
in their noses. The photograph (pl. xxi., fig. 1) shows a
very characteristic attitude—the expectancy of a sneeze.
On the sandhill bordering the course of the creek we noted
many tracks of animals, including jumping marsupials, birds,
lizards, beetles, and other insects. Meteorites, not yet
described, have been found at Accalana and Carraweena. We
got good water at Carraweena Well; its proximity was indi-
cated by myriads of cockatoos and other birds. A water-trough,
filled for the use of the mailman’s horses, was largely patron-
ized by dragon-flies and wasps, of which latter two or three
species were taken whilst drinking. Our own ablutions in the
fast disappearing daylight disconcerted thousands of Galahs,
whose drinking time we had inadvertently postponed. This
day we passed the site of Howitt’s 32nd camp at Atracoona.
On the 21st, at Kumbarie, we entered an area of low sand-
hills with scanty herbage and scattered trees, which increased
as we proceeded northward. Large gums appeared in the
now dry creeks, and most of them still showed the footholds
cut by natives of a bygone age with stone tomahawks. This
day we camped at Birkett’s woolshed, now represented by a
single post, but where at one time 20,000 sheep were shorn.
Hundreds of Cockatoos crowded on snags in the waterhole for
the purpose of drinking furnished a pleasing sight. They
were soon to be scared, however, for the hot and thirsty
camels rolled and kicked in the muddy water, emerging with
their coats plastered all over. The water is possibly per-
manent; we heard frogs croaking, and both Pied and Black
Shags remained in the vicinity. Next day we passed through
a beautifully-wooded flat, peopled with many birds, of which
the Budgerigars were most in evidence. Tinga Tingana was
reached on the following day. Caught in heavy rain, camp
was rapidly pitched on high ground, and by morning we
had caught plenty of water from the tarpaulins and tents.
We were weather-bound here until the 24th, but were able
to add to our collections. Though details are reserved for the
special accounts, I may mention that it was in this locality
that I obtained the photograph of the carrion beetles on the
hoof of a dead camel (pl. xxi., fig. 2), dug out the sand
scorpions, and discovered the mole crickets, as recorded in
the entomological report. Once more on the move, we came
across a corps of 132 camels with 30 tons of wool, temporarily
stacked as a protection against the rain—no light task to deal
with such a cargo. We now entered well-wooded flats flanked
with sandhills. The change from the Mount Hopeless dis-
trict seemed magical; here bird life was abundant, and the
Galahs and Chats (FE phthianura) were breeding. At Murteree

410

we saw some natives attached to the station, but the
number of aboriginal graves, many of recent date, tells the
ultimate story only too plainly (pl. xxu., fig. 1). Contrary
to all expectations, we found it too cold to ride, and therefore
walked to keep up our circulation. On the 26th we met a
team of cow camels, each carrying two bales of wool, together
weighing 5 cwt. Many of the cows had calves running at
their side, all born en route. The bulls carry each up to
9 cwt.

Though we generally followed the bed of the creek, it was
not always possible to define its course, but the presence of
low bushes and widely-spaced stunted trees were good indi-
cations. It is very rarely that Strzelecki Creek flows, for it
does not gather water until Cooper Creek rises 50 feet above
normal height, at which point it overflows. We expected’ to
replenish our water canteens at Della Well, but on reaching
the site found the well had become a grave, and afterwards
learned that a man named Harry Bird had been engaged
repairing the structure when it gave way and entombed him
for ever. Innamincka was reached on September 28, and
here we remained until October 2, accepting the kind
hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Roland for portion of the time.
This gave one of the party an opportunity of recovering
from slight illness, and also permitted a visit to be made to
Burke’s Tree, elsewhere referred to ; likewise to make acquaint-
ance with the aboriginals of the district, including King Billy
and several old and blind natives (pl. xxiv., fig. 1). The
Cooper (pl. xxv., figs. 1, 2), which we forded a second time,
is a fine river at Innamincka, but, as we afterwards found,
soon dwindles in volume owing to the vast areas it inundates
on its course. Our party was now augmented by the addition
of two horses and an old Coongie black, “Bullocky Jack”
(pl. xxiv., fig. 2), who acted as guide between Innamincka and
Kanowana ; but having previously traversed the locality only
in dry seasons, he lost. his bearings among the bewildering
swamps and sandhills, and we had to resort to the compass
for general direction. The course of the creek could be
detected for miles owing to the magnificent timber along its
banks. A remarkable feature was presented by the multi-
tudes of White Cockatoos (Cacatua gymnopis) in the trees,
appearing like so many tiny white flowers scattered through the
dark-green foliage. This belt of large timber is confined to
the actual banks of the creek (pl. xxv., fig. 1), beyond which
it becomes stunted, and a hundred yards from the water the
open desert is again encountered. A thunderstorm, accom-
panied with rain, was responsible for some delay on the 3rd.
Leaving the tortuous creek we next essayed the sandhills, and

411

here our real troubles began, for in its course the creek
spreads out over low-lying flats miles in extent into which
the sandhills are pushed. It was impossible to traverse the
sandhills on the one hand and the bogs on the other, so that
we had to follow the contour of the foothills, often necessi-
tating a deviation of three or four miles, sometimes at right
angles to our compass direction, and then, heading off a tongue
of the bogland, beat back in the contrary direction. Progress
was varied by crossing large dry lakes, where the ground is
so “rotten,” being full of depressions known as “‘crab holes,”
that camel travel was very slow indeed, redeeming features
being the marvellous mirages produced by the unending vista
of heated sand, some fine cloud effects at sunrise and sunset,
and the knowledge that we could keep a compass direction.
On the 6th a feral cat was discovered in a roosting hollow
previously occupied by a delicate owl. Once again we struck
the sandhills, and as our guide penitently admitted that he
was lost, we decided to make Cuttapirie Corner if possible,
where the Cooper forms a great southern loop.

Our route now lay across saltbush country, and, being
short of water and travel-worn, we were glad to see the big
timber again, and thankful when on the 8th we reached our
immediate objective (pl. xxv., fig. 2), especially as we had
experienced the worst sandstorm yet encountered. Soon after
starting in the morning, clouds of sand were seen rising from
the hills high into the air, and before long the whole horizon
was blotted out, and next we were caught in the driving,
biting sand. As, however, we were travelling between
ranges of two sandhills, and perhaps a couple of miles from
the windward hills, we escaped the full intensity of the storm,
and our motor goggles, worn primarily as a defence against
sun-glare, greatly protected our eyes. Reluctantly leaving
the most beautiful of the few pretty spots seen during the
whole journey, we were soon among the sandhills again, cross-
ing ridge after ridge, the continual climbing and descending
in the loose sand proving very tiring alike to man and camel,
and resulting not only in constantly breaking nose lines, but
in many thrown loads, the replacing of which wasted muc
time.

On October 9 we camped on the dry bed of Lake
Yarowinie, a narrow belt of low trees marking its flood limit.
The timber is so stunted that the nests of the Vroaetus audaz,
the largest Eagle in the world, can almost be reached from
the ground (pl. xxvi., fig. 1). This evening we unsuccessfully
dug into a rabbit-warren for a distance of 50 feet in search
of a woma (a large snake), whose tracks were seen in the
burrows. Next day we entered an area where the sandhills

412

were lower and the intervening valleys well supplied with
herbage, and occasionally scattered clumps of small timber
were found; these were always occupied with colonies of
Galahs, and for the first time I noticed that the birds had
ringbarked many of the trees (pl. xxvi., fig. 2), almost suggest-
ing that the trees were intentionally killed for the purpose
of providing “spouts” for nesting in a district where suitable
sites were palpably few. On the evening of the 10th we
reached Kanowana Station, and camped in the bed of Cooper
Creek, here absolutely dry, though only 30 miles in a straight
line from Cuttapirie Corner. At Kanowana we saw a
number of natives, mostly women, and unlike those within
reach of the mission stations, they offered no objection to being
photographed ; there were also a few children at their camps.
Our next objective was Mirra Mitta, and at Narrawalpina,
three miles out from Kanowana, we dismissed our guide,
who had followed a faint camel-pad thus far. This we soon
lost among the sandhills, and though we searched diligently
we failed to find it again. As a straight line would not touch
Mirra Mitta under 53 miles, and as the prospect of finding
water was doubtful, it was well that we should recover the
track, and a messenger was sent to bring Jack to the rescue.
The blackfellow, with the instincts of his race, picked up the
pad, and we finally parted from him, the old chap bidding
adieu with tears in his eyes. Higher sandhills were now
encountered, ridge after ridge seemingly interminable, the
intervening valleys differing greatly in respect to the vegeta-
tion they supported.

On the evening of the 11th we again struck the dry bed
of the Cooper, and camped at a place where there were many
carcasses of dead bullocks. We next crossed the southern
end of Lake Perigundi. Im this district the sandhills have
clayey substrata, which resists the wind and becomes only
partially denuded, leaving rough mounds 5 or 6 feet in
height, in which the Sand Martins make their burrows.
Every bit of bush, every stone or other object forms a break-
wind, and a wedge-shaped strip of sand remains on the shel-
tered side; this is cut to a keel-like edge, producing precisely
the effect seen on some wind-cut stones. Here I learned for the
first time that the larvae of, at any rate, some ant lions do not
always remain at the bottom of their pits, but tunnel there-
from for some distance close to the surface; by making a
sudden grab at the further end of the tunnel the larva could
often be secured.

October 12 proved to be a most irritating day. After
leaving the timber we had no respite from the sandhills
(pl. xxvi., fig. 1), crossing seventeen large ranges during the

413

day, with the consequent camel trouble, heightened by the
fact that some of the slopes were very steep and riddled with
rabbit-burrows, into which the animals fell, and throwing
their loads on the steeps, made recovery and replacement
heavy work. The camel-pad was hopelessly lost, but we
struck some horse tracks, believed to be those of the Mirra
Mitta boring party made some months before. The heat .
was well-nigh unbearable, our water hot, and the attention
of myriads of flies almost intolerable. Still we had some com-
pensations. At the camp we obtained a large non-venomous
snake known as the woma (pl. xxvui., fig. 2), which enabled me
to determine its species; on more than one occasion I found a
goana (Varanus) ensconsed in a lateral burrow at the foot of a
sandhill, the opening barred by its hard tail, obviously as a
protection against enemies. These reptiles were fairly
common here, and the sand at the foot of the bushes was
often scooped out where the goanas had scratched for food,
possibly smaller lizards, of which many were also seen. We
had hoped to reach the Kalladeina Bore this day, but the
many adverse conditions rendered its attainment impossible.

As the next day wore on it became evident that we had
missed the bore, though, as afterwards transpired, by a very
short distance indeed. Having seen a well ahead we diverted
our train, but on arrival discovered that the well was dry,
partly sanded up, and its floor occupied by a white ow] sitting
upon four eggs. As we had but two gallons of water left, it
became necessary to push on as rapidly as possible, our course
lying over large flat areas, noteworthy mainly from the fact
that the ground was riddled with crab-holes and thickly
grown with exasperatingly tenacious and prickly burrs called
“Bindieyes,”’ or Bogan fleas. Every flat we crossed had its
quota of dead animals; on one, perhaps 12 acres in extent,
we counted over 50 dead bullocks. In the late afternoon we
passed a claypan and camped half a mile on the further side.
Our first intention on the following morning was to return
to the claypan and fill the canteens with the muddy water,
but returning from assembling the camels the Afghan told us
he had seen plenty of water directly in our course about two
miles ahead ; we therefore, foolishly, as afterwards transpired,
moved off with empty canteens. The camel driver had been
deceived by a belt of fog in the early morning, but as we had
left the claypan three miles in our rear we decided to push
on. This day we passed over sandy plains alternating with
stony desert and flanked with flat-topped hills of varying
extent, but all on the same level, representing the height of
a former land surface. This stony desert or gibber country
has sand as a substratum, and the stones, mostly small and

4\4

few larger than a cricket ball, are left exposed by the shifting
sand, which, constantly driving over them, had rounded and
polished their surface and left them on an approximately
level bedding. This day we struck a fairly defined waggon
track, and though it trended more to the southward than was
desirable, we decided to hold to it as long as its direction was
consistent. The rabbits seen were mostly sandy in colour;
one I shot essayed to climb a tree before falling back dead.
We saw some grey animals, also one black one. It was on
this day that I was fortunate in finding the nest and eggs of
the Desert Chat, as detailed in the report on the birds. As
the day drew on it became quite evident that we were head-
ing for Mungeranie, and not Mirra Mitta, and desiring, if
possible, to make the bore before camping, we pushed along
after dark, using lanterns to illumine the track. We had,
however, to give in and lay down in the open without
removing our clothes, tired and thirsty, having compassed
30 miles during the day and travelled continuously for 11}
hours.

Rising early on the 15th our cook went out to reconnoitre,
and on returning reported that we were within five miles of
the Mungeranie Bore. The course of the hot stream was
soon evident from the rising steam (pl. xxvuil., fig. 1), and in
due time we reached the police station, where Constable and
Mrs. Aiston received us most hospitably. Many interesting
birds were seen at the bore creek, and as rain-clouds appeared
in the evening we did not, I am afraid, require much press-
ing on the part of our newly-found friends to induce us to
abandon the tents for the shelter of the station house.
Fourteen points of rain fell during the night, and the early
part of the 16th was utilized in drying our belongings. The
verandah of the house had been selected as a nesting site by
the Fairy Martins, whose nests crowd the angles of the roof.
The bore creek forms a fine and picturesque stream (pl. xxviil.,
fig. 2).

We were now again on the sandhills on the Birdsville
mail route, which runs due south to Kopperamanna. We
reached the Mission Station, now vacated, on the 18th, pass-
ing the Government Dam at Ooroowilanie, where we saw a
Silver Gull (Larus novae-hollandiae); Mulka, where a pair
of Native Companions (Grus rubicunda) were feeding ;
and White Well, near which we obtained examples of fossil
wood. We next struck westward to Killalpaninna, now the head
quarters of the Lutheran Mission. Collecting the camels on
the morning of the 19th, we found that one of our team
had fought one of the station bulls, and though he had van-
quished his rival, he had by no means escaped injury. He

415

had a large gash over one eye, a lump of flesh depending from
his lower jaw, while one leg had been badly bitten, rendering
walking difficult. We were now well into the saltbush
country, and learning that the new bore at Cannuwaukaninna
had struck water a few days previously, some of the party
left the camel train and walked to the bore head (pl. xxix.,
fig. 1). Boring had been continuous since May, 1915, and
water was struck at a depth of 3,740 feet, the output being
at the rate of half a million gallons a day. Our diversion
cost us several miles of stiff walking, for a camel team with
more than an hour’s start is not easily overtaken. Passing
Blazes Well and house we camped at Dulkaninna, and on the
evening of the next day reached Clayton Creek, having
covered 20 miles, with the poor camel limping badly all day.
We had 90 points of rain during the night, and as rain
fell during the greater part of the 21st we were unable
to move camp, but collected in the immediate vicinity. Rain
continued all night, the glass being very low (29°43). About
10 a.m. on the 22nd conditions improved, and as the rapidly
rising waters of the creek threatened to swamp the camp we_
dried the equipment and left at 12.30, with the water
4 inches below our late position, and still rising. In order
to visit the caretaker at the depot house I crossed the swollen
stream by the only means provided, a couple of wires stretched
between two trees. The rain-gauge at the house indicated
that 135 points had fallen during the three days. Travelling
for the first few miles after leaving the creek was difficult,
and even dangerous, owing to the risk of the camels breaking
their limbs, floundering over the wet and slippery ground
(pl. xxix., fig. 2). We made our last camp this evening, and
lunching at Wells Creek, reached Hergott without further
incident at 4 p.m. on October 23.

(c) GENERAL NOTES.

By Epear R. Warts, F.L.S., Director South Australian
: Museum.

PoOST-DROUGHT CONDITIONS.

Writing in 1917 it is possible to review the results of two
beneficent seasons following the disastrous drought period of
1913-1915. The following copious rains produced a marvel-
lous growth of vegetation, in preparation for which the plants
had produced a profusion of seeds often at the expense of

416

leaves, for on the expedition it was a matter of common
remark that whereas foliage was scanty or scarcely developed,
blooms and seed-vessels were crowded on the plants to their
fullest extent. This superabundance of vegetable food would,
of course, be reflected on the animal life, as, indeed, has
since become only too apparent. It was thought that the
first “‘season” following the breaking of the drought would be
an admirable period for collecting zoological objects in the
interior, but it is now known that recovery was not complete,
and that better results would have accrued had the expedi-
tion been postponed for twelve months. It is now also
apparent that the results would have been appreciably greater
had we made all possible speed to Innamincka and collected
more leisurely along the course of the Cooper and extended
operations to the Diamantina, whence we learn that most of
the lake and river birds migrated.

The increase of animal] life, due to favourable conditions,
following a period of drought is nothing short of marvellous.
Leaving out of consideration the question of man-tended stock,
we may look to wild animals and birds. At the time we
passed through the arid interior very few mammals were seen ;
even the rabbit seemed to have almost disappeared in places,
and no recent occupation of many large warrens was visible ;
now we are told that rabbits are swarming everywhere. The
country from one end to the other is now overrun with
milliards of mice, destroying enormous quantities of stacked
wheat. At first we read that, say, 15,000 mice were killed
at one stack in two days; then Mr. F. C. England patented
a double-fence trap, and the catches are now determined by
weight, e.g., “At one stack the system resulted in a catch of
eight tons of mice in four nights.’”’ The fungus disease,
Favus (Achorion, sp.), has made its appearance among the
rodents, and this will no doubt rapidly decimate them. Though
not necessarily connected with pcst-drought conditions, it 1s
significant to read that railway trains are occasionally delayed
owing to the crushed bodies of myriads of grasshoppers render-
ing the rails slippery. There is also a great increase in bird
life, perhaps especially seed-eating species and those, such as
Spoonbills and Tbis, etc., feeding upon the smaller vertebrates.

EFFECTS OF STOCK.

It may be truly said that the whole face of the country
is changed by the introduction of stock ; the natural denizens
are driven out either by man or his direct agency, and food
supply is monopolized by his introductions: native plants are
eradicated, and aliens are unintentionally introduced in
their stead, and it is a matter of common observation that

417

the plants and animals that have successfully combated the
keener competition of the home lands find small difficulty in
displacing those whose struggle has been less severe. As far
as pastoral occupation is concerned, the outward journey may
be divided into two portions—the first from the railway to
Mount Hopeless, and the second thence to Innamincka. The
western portion is stocked with sheep, while the eastern half
is devoted to cattle-raising. Sheep crop so closely and travel
so compactly that a mob of, say, 20,000 or 30,000 leaves
behind it nothing but a barren waste as far as the ground is con-
cerned. Cattle also devour the low bushes and trees, and as
the latter are in places no higher than cattle can reach, whole
areas may be entirely denuded. Perhaps more devastating
(within restricted areas) than either are the camels,
which drag up the herbage by the roots, and thus
destroy all chance of revegetation. There are some very
large mobs of camels in the Central districts, whose
depasturing alone must have a marked effect upon the vege-
tation. At the time of our visit the number of cattle and
sheep was at a minimum owing to the devastating influence
of the drought; but the camels, being under more personal
care, had suffered but slight diminution, the few skeletons seen
being doubtless those of animals that had got away from a camel
train or had been deserted by a drover on account of sickness.

SAND AND GIBBER.

I have already indicated that although sandhills form
a conspicuous feature in the landscape of many parts of the
interior they do not constitute, as some people suppose, the
main portion of this vast area. Still sand is plentiful, and it
varies greatly in colour in different places. The general hue
is a deep orange approaching to red; in other places it is
yellow, and we also met in certain districts with sand almost
as white as that of Calais. The topmost layer is generally
loose when dry, and subject to being translated by the wind,
but at a depth of a few inches it becomes hard and well
adapted to the needs of burrowing animals such as rabbits
and native mammals, lizards, scorpions, and sand wasps, all
with exception of the mammals, choosing places from which
the surface sand has been blown. This harder and moisture-
conserving stratum supports plant life in considerable profu-
sion, and which is found mainly on the lower parts of the slopes
to which the rain and organic matter naturally gravitate.

The “stony desert,” or gibber country, I have else-
where) referred to. Though apparently most unpromising

(1) Waite: Emu, xvi., 1917, p. 167.
oO

418 f

as a collecting ground, it nevertheless yields some interesting
types, and it is more than probable that, given time, a
systematic investigation would reveal a peculiar fauna and
flora suited to the remarkable conditions presented. Some
tendency in this direction was noticed during our hurried
transit, especially in the nature of assimilative colouration.
A remarkable locust (Brachytettix) was found only on
the gibber, and its reddish-brown colour exactly matches the
stones among which it lives; this, coupled with its sluggish
habit, renders it most inconspicuous. Mention may also be
made of another locust (Hremobia) which, together with other
msects, are coloured in harmony with their surroundings.
Among the reptiles the Agamoid lizard, Typanocryptis
lineatus, provides an excellent example. It was not until
the lizard moved that it could be detected, and if its exact
settling place was not noted, it could not be found until it
again ran. The colour of the Desert Chat, Ashbyia lovensis,
which bird is also confined to the gibber country, suggests
that it owes its brown back and yellow belly to an association
with its surroundings, for it 1s certainly an inconspicuous
little bird in its native haunts, and can with difficulty be
detected; even its bright yellow belly answers to the sand
patches found between the reddish-brown stones.

Rotten GROUND AND CLAYPANS.

The term ‘‘rotten ground’”’ is applied to those extensive
areas which in flood time are under water, and is a useful
expression indicating dry land subject to inundation and
having its character considerably changed in consequence.
This land is of spongy and porous nature, but to what
circumstances such may be due I am not aware. Certain it
is that the dry land supports a luxuriant growth of a
wretched burr, and it may be that when covered with silt
forms a kind of peat, which would accord with the conditions
observed. Even when dry the camels sink deeply, but when
soaked with flood water or heavy rains the land must be a
veritable bog, as the foot-holes made during such periods
by mobs of cattle, and remaining until the bog dries,
amply testify. Such impressions are spoken of as “crab
holes,’’ and were a source of considerable danger to the
camels. -

Claypans, on the contrary, though extremely boggy in
wet weather, dry with such a hard surface that foot of man
or hoof of horse leave little or no impression. Some of the
claypans are composed of a certain addition of earthy matter,
and such when dry crack aH over. These pans are charged

419

by rain water, which becomes extremely muddy and even
soupy, but never having the mineral flavour so pronounced
in some of the springs and soakages, is always regarded as
drinkable. The claypans are usually very shallow, and the
water speedily evaporates, but in some of the deeper ones
time is permitted for the growth or deposit of organic matter
whose presence is revealed, when dry, by it curling and peeling
off the surface layer of the pan.

THE MIRAGE.

The most common phenomenon met with was an apparent
separation of the horizon from the nearer land by a clear
space, producing the appearance of a sheet of water. The
difference of a few feet, it may be inches only, in the vertical
position of the observer may make or entirely destroy the
effect, thus a mirage invisible to a rider may present a
magnificent spectacle to a man on foot. The general effect
is to apparently greatly increase the height of objects in the
distance: thus a narrow belt of mist or fog becomes
an extensive lake; a low bush is elevated to the dimensions
of a stately tree; whilst a narrow clay bank assumes the
appearance of a cliff.

The followimg ungarnished description made on the spot
as we approached Hergott on the return journey, will serve
to illustrate this:—The houses were increased in height to
apparently several stories, and were reflected in the clearest
water, spread out into a large lake, wherein the high distant
hills were faithfully mirrored. On the right was a row of
tall trees, and to the left the water was spanned by a long
viaduct; the colouration was extremely subtle and tender,
eminently Turneresque. It may be added for the benefit of
those who have not witnessed a mirage that the above picture
was not drawn by any effort of the imagination, it was
absolutely real, could stand for nothing else, and was seen
identically by all members of the party. A downward slope
of a few feet and the picture vanished, leaving in its place
a most prosaic setting of houses and desert: the lofty
mansions resolved therhselves into the typical single-storied
houses of a bush town, the water had absolutely vanished,
the lofty hills dwindled to an insignificant sand ridge, while
the majestic trees turned out to be but some stunted bushes.
I was interested to learn what had been responsible for the
magnificent viaduct, and was really surprised to find that it
had been projected from a row of spaced salt bushes, the
stems elongated into the buttresses, and the spreading tops
joined to form the arches.

o2

420

From a rough sketch and description Mr. G. A. Barnes
has evolved the accompanying pictures (vl. xxx.). They
are intended to illustrate the relative conditions, and not to
represent the actual scenes. No range of hills comparable to
those sketched, even in the upper picture, can be seen
anywhere near Hergott Springs. It may also be pointed out
that a very extensive foreground, which would throw the
scene away into the distance, has been omitted, only the
actual zone subject to the mirage being portrayed. The
reader should assume that the picture was taken with a tele-
photo lens.

| Burke’s aND Lewis’ TREES.

The tree under which Burke was buried (pl. xxiii., fig. 1)
stands on the left bank of the Cooper, about two miles above
Innamincka. At the time of our visit the greater part of the
trunk was hidden by river silt, which all but covered the blaze
upon which the following letters had been inscribed by
Howitt after burying the body on September 21, 1861. The
South Australian Relief Expedition arrived at the tree on
December 7, 1861, when the leader, McKinlay, cut his initials
above the others. The ‘‘MK’’ only was visible at the time
of our visit (pl. xxiil., fig. 2). The complete inscription is said
to be as follows :—

MK (onare

It was. Howitt’s party that found King living with the
blacks, and the member who actually first discovered him was
Edwin J. Welch, an old friend of mine in Sydney. Just
before leaving Adelaide for the interior I received a letter
from him dated September 3, 1916. He wrote as follows :—
‘‘Dear Waite—I congratulate you, and fervently wish I could
be one of the party. It’s just 55 years since we buried Burke
in latitude 27° 43' S., longitude 140° 46’ E., and Wills about
15 miles to the westward, both on the Cooper.’’ When at
Innamincka I received a letter from my wife in which she
informed me that Welch died on September 24, aged 77,
exactly three weeks after the letter was written, and on the
date when my party was within a few miles of the spot of which
he wrote, the scene of one of Australia’s most historic fatali-
ties. The tree under which Wills was buried appears to have
disappeared, and knowledge of the exact site lost. Since
returning to the city I have advocated the better preservation
of Burke’s tree, and recommended ‘that a cast of the inscribed
blaze be obtained.

421

On another tree, facing the one in question, is a blaze
inscribed as follows :—

Ase:

L.

75.
This was cut by Lewis(?) and is well above the silt line, but
new growth is encroaching on the letters, the broad arrow
and the “G.”’ being already nearly covered (pl. xxii., fig. 2).
Near these trees is a recently deserted camp. This and
several similar ones in the vicinity are said to be vacated
when vermin become, even to a native, unpleasantly
numerous.

THE CAMELS.

As everyone knows, there are two kinds of camels,
distinguished, apart from other peculiarities, by the presence
of two or only one. hump, respectively. The Bactrian, or
two-humped camel, is comparatively rare, and probably
exists in a wild state in Turkestan (Bactriana), thence to
Thibet and China. As far as I am aware all the camels
imported into Australia are of the one-humped species, or
Dromedary. This animal, known in the history of man only
in a domestic state, was probably a native of Arabia and
adjacent regions.

As this journey provided my first real acquaintance with
the camel, some of my preconceived notions were upset. The
progress of a pack camel is remarkably uniform, 23 miles
being ticked off every hour with the regularity of clock-
work. This, of course, represented the pace of the slowest
camel in the train, just as the strength of a chain is that
of its weakest link. The riding camel shared by Capt. White
and myself was a large animal, and when ridden
independently of the train made much better pace. His
stride was 7 feet 3 inches, and he took 36 steps per minute,
so that his pace was three miles per hour nearly.

It is commonly said that the peculiar gait of the camel
is due to the circumstance that both legs of the same side
are lifted simultaneously. This is not strictly true, but it
is a fact that, for an appreciable space of time, the fore and
hind legs are clear of the ground together. The effect on
the rider is a fore-and-aft cradling motion, the result in
my case being extreme drowsiness. At times I could not
keep awake, and when the sensation of falling and sudden
return to consciousness was reached, an experience to be

(2) Journ. Lewis’ Exped. Lake Eyre, 1874-5, p. 37.

422

repeated within a minute, it became apparent that the only
remedy was to walk. It may be added that walking was our
usual method of progression; riding was resorted to when
dreary barren wastes were being crossed, but it was just in
such uninteresting circumstances, with nothing to divert the
attention, that drowsiness was chiefly induced.

Whereas the course of the camel train was, according to
circumstances, more or less a straight line, that of the
collectors was “‘here and there like a dog in a fair,’’ and
would average at least ten miles to the camels’ seven.

(/) METEOROLOGY.

By Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.

The only meteorological obervations regularly * made
during the entire journey were those recorded by the aneroid
barometer, read twice daily, and the minimum thermometer.
As we travelled during the daytime it was not possible to
take maximum temperatures. As our barometric readings
cannot be corrected for altitude, they lose considerably in
scientific value; but we found the deviations extremely useful
as weather guides, and more than once were justified in having
arranged our movements as a result of the readings. On
one occasion the glass had fallen so low that although no rain
was falling, we decided to bide-a-wee, and within an hour
or two were glad that we had tents or tarpaulins over our
heads and belongings. At another time weather conditions
appeared very ominous, but trusting a rising glass: and
favourable wind we struck camp, and ere long bright sunshine
confirmed our trust. I may say, however, that almost at
the outset of the journey the aneroid remained so persistently
immovable for several days that, thinking its mechanism had
been upset by the jolting of the camels, I was on the point
of putting it aside as useless, when a slight change induced
me to give it a further trial, which proved that we had passed
through a period of remarkable equilibrium of pressure.

I have at times been considerably interested in the
records of the minimum thermometer as obtained in sub-
antarctic areas, but I had not anticipated similar interest in
the readings made in such low latitude as the interior of
Australia. Though often warm or even hot in the daytime,
the temperature usually falls rapidly as “‘the sun drops
down the glowing sky,’’ and once or twice the thermometer

423

recorded only a few degrees above freezing point, the reading
being 38° on the night of October 18. It was, however, some-
what humiliating to turn out of my bunk and expect the
canteens to be frozen, and then discover that the thermometer
had stuck six degrees too high. On twelve other occasions the
readings were below 50° F. The definite records of rainfall
were kindly supplied by the managers at the several stations
through which we passed. The instruments used were kindly
lent by Mr. Bromley, Meteorological Bureau, Adelaide.

Date.
Sept. 12

13

Oct.

Time. Barometer.

a.m.
pen.
a.m.
p.m.
aim:
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.

p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.

p.m.

a.m.
p.m.

2m
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p:m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
acts
p.m.
ain,
p.m.
ac:
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.

29°33
29°34
29°34
29°30
29°31
29°37
29°39
29°49
29°53
29°73
29°89
30°06
30°08
30°08
30°02
30°05
30°08
30°04
29°98
29°88
29°85
29°75
29°82
29°90
29°92
29°84
29°84
29°84
29°86
29°83
29°84
29°80
29°80
29°74
29°79
29°84

Min.

Rainfall.

Heavy
Heavy
Slight

Thunderstorm

Slight

Approximate locality.

Mt. Lyndhurst
Waters Well

The Nob

Devils Village
Trinity Well
Petermorra Springs
Mount Hopeless
Lakes Crossing
Carraweena
Birkett’s woolshed
Tinga Tingana
Mundibarcooloo

Murta Murta

Nappacoongie
Della Well
Innamincka
Innamincka
Innamincka
TInnamincka
Cooper Creek
Cooper Creek
Cooper Creek

424

Date. Time. Barometer. Min. Rainfall. Approximate locality.

5 am; 2985. 51:0 Cooper Creek
p.m. 2980

6’ a.m.5. Qo aio Cooper Creek
p.m.) 29:67,

7 vam 29-747 1 '6L0 Cooper Creek
p.m. 29°56

8 ‘asm. 70290'58; 3 72°2
p.m. 29°77 Cuttapirie Corner

9° ja.m: ~ 29°94. 53:0
pom. 29°95

10; wasm,. 30:00" Vola Kanowana
p.m. 29°92

1 Waem. “29:87 5272 Narrawalpina
pom. 220: 76

12)* a.m. 29°74" 52:0
pam. 2972 Slight

13° a.m. 29°34 455:0
p.m. 29°81

14°) ‘a.m, §29:80. 57:2
p.m. 29:83

15 a.m. 2980 494 Mungeranie
p.m. 29°75

16 a.m.) 29578) 1158:0 "14 Ooroowilanie
PMs 229585

17 ‘a.m. 29°96. 49:2
p.m. 3002

18 am. 30:03 423 Kopperamanna
p.m. 29:98

19) Pam 29 Ole 2360) Dulkaninna
p.m.» 29°75

20° “atm. 29:71 95555, - Shen Clayton Creek
p.m. ‘29:69

21. fam.) 929766) 25450 95 Clayton Creek
p.m: 29:50

22? Warm. * “29435 61s) “40 Wells Creek
p-m. 29°49

23°" aime 4e29'63 Jb0ie Hergott

p-m. 29°72

(e) NOTES ON THE RAINFALL
in the neighbourhood of the districts traversed.

By H. A. Hunt, Commonwealth Meteorologist.

The rainfall over that portion of the Far Northern
Interior of South Australia traversed by members of the
expedition includes part of the driest area of Australia, with a
normal annual fall of barely 5 inches, and though the rain is
somewhat better towards the Queensland border in the
vicinity of Cordillo Downs and Haddon, and also in the south
about Parallana and Wooltana, even there it only approxi-
mates 8 inches a year.

425

137°

CHART SHOWING THE
RAIN RECORDING STATIONS

on the approximate route of the
S.A. MUSEUM EXPEDITION,
SEP anv OCT. 1916.

HADDON @

GOYDER LAGOON

@
aN CORDILLO DOWNS

27°

COWARIE
e

es
ap ees INNAMINCKA

MUNGERANIE
Ae

KILLALPANINNA
e

| @ PEACHAWARRINA

LAKE BLANCHE

®MULLOORINA
e ido

MU RNPEOWIE e

e
HERGOTT |® | BLANCHEWATER

e
TILCHA

a stale PARALLANA
e J

eo
MT. LYNOHURST (| LAKE FROME.

&
WOOLTANA

426

Only the more southern portion of the district may be
said to come within the influence of the winter antarctic rain
storms, and the district therefore mainly depends for its
rain on monsoonal influences. These are chiefly active during
the summer period, and the accompanyig rains are
frequently very sporadic in character; spells of several
months with little or no rain are therefore not uncommon,
and what would be considered a ‘‘drought’’ in the more
settled areas, is here an ordinary event. All the available
records of the rainfall for the district in question have been
collected to give the following tables:—Table 1, the mean
deviation of each year’s rainfall from the normal; and Table
2, a list of the longer and more notable of the periods, with
small rainfall at each of the individual stations available.

Table 1, it will be noted, shows that the individual driest
years were 1888, 1902, 1883, 1905, and 1915, in that order,
but two of these (1888 and 1905) were simply temporary
dry spells, breaking a run of otherwise good years. Extended
dry periods were the years 1880 to 1884, 1895 to 1902, and
from 1913 to 1915. These from their continuance were
undoubtedly bad drought periods. Though the most recent
of them, which may be considered to have started in 1913
at some stations, and which (except for a temporary break in
the winter of 1915) may be reckoned to have lasted till May
or June of 1916, was certainly a “‘severe’’ drought. It was
less severe than the long dry spell of eight years from 1895,
which culminated in the disastrous year of 1902.

TABLE I.
DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL

of rainfall in the Far Northern Interior of South Australia
(east of Lake Eyre) from 1880 to 1916 (100 points=1 inch) : —

Year. Dep. Year. Dep.
1880: fee oe aoe es isi S10 BR cot ad Re Mt = |S
188i Bam Up me 2 5 15) SOO sr aS
1882 | 9 Ata eee OOH ARS Gs ed een
1883:.:, shales eee Ouee WOODS ei cts sks.) hee oe
1884. 9 eee ae WOO3 = Fe. os. see See
1885: |<... tee OG OMA ae. oss eee ee
1886) 4 Se eee HOOD. tao eee ee
1887 ....4. Gees HOOG.. \o.2). «dc see
1888) 5... ee ee TOOT acs pe OS
1889 2. [Se aR SS 1908 :.... “se eso
1390) utc) ) ee geek eee NOOO: se. 5 hook ee
On sit; Nena i ogee 1910: acta cae ee
TOD a dea eee TOUT | hc eee etal
rs ee ese sacra eerste ae do) RRM eo cha =)
Poteet i. 4.) ESO TOUS) 0 0.25 ee ee ee:
lis) oe aire =e) .?) O14. ney ee oe TZ
LSSbh eI... —2od ITS ke ee, Se
USSMGteek oe. «= LOO ONG >." See ee SO

1896 ee, oe he

427

Obtained by comparing the average fall of all the stations
available each year with the average normal falls of the same
places. Only a few places kept records in the early years
(1880-5), but from 1886 onwards from 12 to 19 separate
records are available, and the departures are therefore
comparable.

TABLE 2.

Dry SPELLS AT INDIVIDUAL STATIONS.

Place. Months. Years. Total Avge. fall Normal
fall. per month. Ann. fall.
Farina a pt ee 1880-2 395 23 659
1 1888 174 16
14 1896-7 302 29
{10 1900-1 197 20
118 1901-3 266 15
13 1914-5 232 19
8 1915-6 164 20
Mount Lyndhurst {14 1880-1 120 9 621
111 1881-2 99 9
11 1888 209 19
{12 1900-1 216 18
(18 1901-3 190 11
f12 1914-5 150 12
eS 1915-6 213 Atl
Parallana 4) ED 1888 T7E 14 820
i 1897-8 228 21
{ 10 1900-1 231 23
22 1901-3 252, 12
7 1904-5 87 12
No records after 1907.
Wooltana , | 12 1880-1 334 28 763
10 1881-2 200 20
ls 1883-4 124 16
11 1888 191 a Wy
9 1895 171 19
15 1897-8 285 19
{10 1900-1 132 13
22 1901-3 209 10
{19 1913-5 576 30
1 9 1915-6 146 16
Murnpeowie Spel a 1895-6 263 15 488
15 1897-8 182 1
9 1898-9 70 8
21 1901-3 278 13
i 12 1914-5 167 14
9 1915-6 102 1]
Blanchewater ay | 1895-6 374 18 534
14 1901-2 54 4
{12 1914-5 177 Te
1 9 1915-6 63 7
Mentecollina . 316 1887-8 247 15
10 1896 192 19 7%
a 1897-8 66 9 =
8 1898-9 39 5
| 9 1900 93 10
re 1901-2 38 a

No further records.

428

Place. Months. Years, Total Avge. fall Normal
; fall. per month. Ann. fall_
Tileha; © 3.5. sins 1888-9 241 16 691
11 1897-8 147 13
i 1900-1 455) 16
9 1902 133 15
16 1904-6 300 19
{14 1914-5 189 14
; UE, 1915-6 90 13
Innamincka wee ali 1887-8 205 16 663.
iS 1891-2 98 a
(19 1899-01 204 1,
(13 1901-2 45 3
14 1904-5 220 16
{13 1913-4 157 12
\10 1914-5 95 9
Cordillo Downs ... 14 1883-4 351 25 730:
1s; 1887-8 441 34
| 13 1898-9 328 25
17) 1899-01 133 8
{14 1901-2 166 19
14 1904-5 248 18
13 1908-9 209 16
15 1914-5 144 10
Hiaddon we PERL 1888 306 25 794
fay 1899-01 151 9
V2 1902-3 Bfo 18
13 1908-9 286 9D
15 1914-5 188 13
Cowarie ia Sey ee lel I 1882-4 105 fi 484
17 1887-9 188 ll
14 1895-7 165 11D
22 1899-01 114 5
No further records.
Kanowana ... ... 14 1895-7 61 4 413:
30 1897-9 181 6
(12 1900-1 Va 9
1 8 1902 3 4
9 1904-5 39 4
ll 1914 113 10
1915, no record.
Mungeranie nS) 1901-3 211 8 501
12 1905 7. 208 24
8 1915 67 8
Goyder Lagoon ... 18 1901-3 225 12 580°
23 1904-6 271 iby
15 1914-5 176 12
6 1915-6 2 —_
Peachawarrina ... 12 1881-2 69 6 455:
alts 1882-4 189 13'
1g 1888 66 &
14 1901-2 43 3
No later records.
Kilalpaninna Ea IT bl 1888 56 5 583
14 1892-3 187 13
13 1895-6 182 14
{14 1899-1 262 19
Viz. 1901-3 132 8
fll 1913-4 230 21

1 8 1915-6 53 4

429

Place. Months. Years. Total Avge. fall Normal
fall. per month. Ann. fall.
Hergott Springs 12 1888 235 20 604
; 16 1900-1 254 -16 ,
13 1901-2 78 6
9 1915-6 115 13
Mulloarina<(..5,. <5. 12 1888 70 6 407
24 1891-3 278 12
8 1897-8 47 6
10 1900-1 109 11
14 1901-2 62 4

No later records.

(f) THE NATIVES.

By Epvear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.

There is little of interest to write about the aboriginals.
The older folk are dependent on the younger ones, who are
more or less attached to the stations, the men attending to
the stock and the women doing domestic work. Many of them
had been to the mission station, and declined to be photo-
graphed as ethnological subjects. Further afield they seldom
offered objection, but on the whole they are not of good
physique; absence of strenuous work, rendered unnecessary
by the receipt of Government rations, tending to obesity and
general flabbiness.

Though more or less clothed by day for the purpose of
moving about the station precincts, we found that many of
them utterly discarded clothing for sleeping, and this practice
no doubt renders them liable to chills and attendant ills,
whereas those who never clothe are not so subject. Our native
guide, though wearing shirt and trousers by day, usually
scratched a hollow in the sand and lay down to sleep in the
open, without a vestige of covering. The older people
frequently bask in the sunshine quite naked (pl. xxiv., fig. 1).

Comparatively few children were seen, so that the once
populous Cooper Creek district will, within a few decades,
know the native no more.

At a camp near Innamincka Head Station we saw
several very old natives, all blind, doubtless the result of
Trachoma, or sandy blight. The eye slits were invisible
owing to the presence of a regular row of flies, apparently
sipping the moisture exuded. All the natives seem to be very
tolerant of flies at their eyes.

430

The mortality among the station natives appears to be
very great indeed: witness the numbers of recent graves in
the burial areas (pl. xxui., fig. 1). If the white man has been
responsible for the introduction of clothing and its implied
sense of modesty, he is also responsible for the introduction
of many diseases among these children of Nature. The
Government has in its wisdom introduced reserves for the
blackfellow, but he has to live under the conditions of and
in contact with the white man; and herein lies the secret of
his extermination from the face of what was once his own
country.

The naturalist finds that the altered conditions are a
distinct disadvantage; these station natives being well
supplied with food and tobacco, cannot be induced to collect
specimens, and as the smaller mammals and reptiles can
scarcely be otherwise obtained, the collections suffer greatly
in consequence.

(g) MAMMALIA AND OPHIDIA.

By Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.

Mammalia.

GouLp’s Bar (Chalinolobus gouldu, Gray).
Scotophilus gould, Gray: Grey’s Journ. App., 1841, p. 405.
The day following that on which we left the Cooper at

Cuttapirie Corner, namely, on October 9, we secured a single
specimen of this species, the only one obtained on the
expedition, and not previously recorded from the Interior.
After removing four eggs of a Budgerigar (Melopsitticus
undulatus) from a dead tree, we overturned the stump, and
the bat crawled out. From this tree we also took a pair of
Click beetles (Agrypnus masters: ).

Grey’s Bat (Scotophilus greyu, Gray).

(See Dobson: Cat. Chiroptera, Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 263.)

Later in the same day as that on which the forenamed
species was taken, I pulled over another stump and a stream
of bats emerged. There must have been between three and
four dozen of them, all of the same species. We took a small
number, from which the identification is made.

They agree well with the description of Scotophilus
greyu, but there is certainly indication of a small posterior
cusp on the cingulum of the upper incisors. The colour above

\

431

is sandy or buff, the basal half of the hairs being brown: the
colour of the lower parts is distinctly lighter, the outer half
of the hairs being almost white.

The following seven species of bats are now known from
the Central Districts : —
Megaderma gigas, Dobson.
Nyctophilus timoriensis, Geoffroy.
Vesperugo pumilus, Gray.
“Scotophilus morio,” Gray (fide Sanger).
Scotophilus greyu, Gray.
Chalinolobus gouldu, Gray.
Nyctinomus australis, Gray.

Native Doe (Canis dingo, Blumenbach).

Though seldom seen, the dingo was in evidence through-
out almost the whole of the journey, its tracks or remains
being quite common. The spoor of the dingo is indistinguish-
able from that of a domestic dog of similar size, but an
examination of its tracks reveals a trait which the household
animal has, in the process of domestication, forgotten. The
course of a dog, if not exactly direct, is more or less continuous,
but that of a dingo is direct from bush to bush or rock, or
other object, the animal making. for cover, and thence
reconnoitring before moving to its next object of concealment.

At night time we occasionally heard dingos in the
vicinity of the camp, and less frequently saw them, when
conditions were favourable; but the slightest movement, as
that involved in reaching for a gun, and they disappeared.

Whenever cattle or sheep stations were approached, the
skulls of dingos were found, the animals having been poisoned
and scalped, a profitable proceeding, as the Government pays
7s. 6d. for each scalp secured. Even in remote districts, where
cattle have died as a result of the great drought of 1914-1916,
enterprising trappers had poisoned the carcases, and skeletons
of dingos were common in the vicinity.

At a native camp I saw a couple of pure dingo pups; but
unlike the puppies of domestic dogs, which show unmistakable
signs of affection and dependence, these pups retreated before
me and snarled at my nearer approach, though apparently
docile enough in the hands of their owner. Dingos thus
reared are said never to exhibit the affection associated with
domestic dogs.

The origin of the dingo in Australia is a fertile source
of inquiry. Etheridge @) the latest contributor to the subject,

(1) Hahondene Mem. Geol. Surv. N.S. Wales (Eth. Ser. 2),
1916, p. 48.

432

has recently reviewed the evidence in favour of or against
the indigenous origin of the species, and though not making
any definite pronouncement, apparently inclines to the
belief that the dingo existed in Australia prior to the advent
of man.

Rep Kancaroo (Macropus rufus, Desmarest):

No wallabies and few kangaroos. were met with. All
were of this species, which is the only one known from the
Central district. A female (Blue Doe) and a third-grown
young one were disturbed on a wooded flat near Trinity on
September 16, where numerous tracks indicated that the
animals are not uncommon in the district; an opinion after-
wards confirmed by the manager of the station. The largest
mob seen was near Petermorra Bore, in the Mount Hopeless
district, where thirteen kangaroos crossed our course, their
synchronous, or alternating, movements producing an
interesting effect.

Wire fences, where they occur—and ‘‘vermin-proof’’
fences are met with in most out-of-the-way places—limit
the range of native animals, and render their destruction
easier to both man and dingo. On one occasion we chased a
pair of the animals to a fence. One doubled back along the
wire; the other, being headed off, dashed between two of the
camels, passing under the nose-line. When near Parachilna
on the homeward rail journey we started another pair, which
bounded along in front of the train, within the wire
enclosure, for a distance of about two miles. Descending a
gradient our speed was increased to one which proved too
great for the fast-tirimg animals. One dashed at the fence
and broke through; the other attempted to jump over it, but,
striking the netting, fell back apparently exhausted. In a
few seconds it was on its legs again, and, doubling back,
gave the interested spectators in the train a splendid exhibition
of macropine progression.

Common Opossum (Trichosurus vulpecula, Kerr).

When hunting for nocturnal insects I disturbed several
opossums along the course of the Cooper, and in the daytime
their tracks on the ground were commonly seen. These are
generally in a straight line, connecting the trees with each
other, and the distinctness of the pads shows that they are
frequently used. One evening an opossum jumped from a low
branch, sprang over my head, alighted on its pad, and was
thence lost in the darkness.

Next evening I took a gun with me and secured a
specimen ; its fur was tinged with red, thus approaching the
character of the variety, 7. johnstonu, Ramsay.

433

RassBiT Banpicoot (Thalacomys lagotis, Reid).

On October 17, when in the neighbourhood of Ooroo-
wilanie, I picked up at the foot of one of the sandhills a
weather-worn skull of an old rabbit bandicoot.

As far as can be ascertained from its defective condition
and large size, it is referable to Thalacomys lagotis, but it
may be noted that three other species have been named from
Central Australia: —T. Jewcura, Thomas; T. minor, Spencer ;
and 7. sagitta, Thomas.

Apart from this skull and tracks near Mungeranie,
believed to be those of the ‘‘Pinto,’’ no other traces of the
animals were met with, though the natives know them well.
At one time they were in the habit of digging them out of
their burrows for food, but since the introduction of ‘‘Govern-
ment rations’ they cannot be induced to collect, offers of
pipes, tobacco, and sweets producing the usual profusion of
promises, but no performances.

SHORT-NOSED Banpicoot (Perameles obesula, Shaw).

The only evidence of the existence of bandicoots is
supplied by the examination of the pellets of owls. On
October 13, two days after leaving Kanowana, when somewhat
distressed for want of water, we sighted a well ahead, but,
as mentioned in the introduction, found the well dry and
occupied by a white owl sitting on eggs. Eight pellets were
obtained, and subsequent examination revealed the presence
of remains of a bandicoot in one of them. The animal was
evidently quite young, but portion of the skull with most of
the teeth were preserved, and enabled the determination to
be made.

Two species of Perameles have been recorded from the
Interior, namely, P. obesula, Shaw; and P., eremiana,
Spencer. Direct comparison with cabinet specimens, result-
ing in agreement in respect to the teeth, and especially the
large and peculiar shape of the auditory bullae, leads me to
associate the remains with the former species. Beyond
measurements, details of the skull of P. eremiana are not
available, and my specimen being extremely young and
incomplete, comparative dimensions are of little aid for the
purposes of identification.

THICK-TAILED PoucHEp Mouse (Sminthopsis crassicaudata,
Gould).

A dried specimen picked up at Wade Creek on
September 14 by Capt. White proves to be of this species.

434

Tracks of small mammals were commonly seen on the sand-
hills at the Lakes Crossing, thence up the bed of the
Strzelecki and on the banks of the Cooper. The animals had
pattered around the bushes, and traps were freely set in such
situations and left overnight, but without success. Not a
single living example was seen, and rewards offered to the
native women, who are adepts at digging out small mammals
and reptiles, were disregarded owing to the plenitude of food
and luxuries provided by the Government. Constable Aiston,
of Mungeranie, told me that his cat brings in three different
kinds of “bush mice,” but it did not oblige us on the
evening we spent there, offering a Fairy Martin by way
of variety, for which act it was suitably reprimanded by
Mrs. Aiston.

Evidence of the existence of these small marsupials is
abundantly afforded by an examination of the pellets ejected
by the White Owls. These birds were found to be quite
common in the timbered areas bordering the Cooper between
Innamincka and Kanowana, and accumulations of the pellets
were discovered in many of the larger ‘‘spouts,’’ from some
of which the birds were disturbed. On October 6 Capt.
White was investigating such a ‘spout’? when a feral
domestic cat sprang out. It was discovered to have been
camping on a bed of owl pellets. It had no doubt killed the
owl and was then probably living upon young Galahs, which
were found in almost every suitable nesting place in the
neighbourhood.

A subsequent examination of the pellets obtained along
the course of the Cooper reveals the fact that though their
main constituents are the remains of rodents, there is a fair
proportion of marsupials also. The skulls of five individuals
of the genus Sminthopsis were taken from one pellet, so that
the animals must be common in favourable localities. Owimg
to their fragmentary character it is not possible to definitely
determine them specifically, but the teeth and portions of the
skulls preserved are indistinguishable from those of S.
erassicaudata.

In addition to this species, quite a number of the smaller
mammals from the arid interior, both marsupials and
placentals, develop the base of the tail to a remarkable extent ;
Phascogale macdonmellensis and Sminthopsis larapinta are
instances of the one, and Laomys pedunculatus of the
other. The storage of food at the base of the tail is,
of course, well known elsewhere; even the star-nosed mole
is reported to accumulate food in the tail as a provision’
for the winter.

435
Ophidia.
Family TYPHLOPIDAE.

TYFHLOPS BITUBERCULATUS, Peters.

. Onychocephalus bituberculatus, Peters: Monats. Akad. Berlin,
1863, p. 233, and 1867, p. 708, fig. 4.

Typhlops bituberculatus, Boulenger: Cat. Snakes, Brit. Mus.,
i., 1893, p. 48.

On turning over a termite-riddled log on the Strzelecki
Creek, a single blind snake was secured. Another specimen
of the same species, taken at Quorn, was handed to me on our
return journey by Mounted Constable Curman.

The South Australian Museum also possesses examples
from Cooper and Leigh Creeks, both in the Central districts.

T. bituberculatus is very common in South Australia,
whence the type was obtained; it also occurs in New South
Wales, Queensland, Victoria,) and Western Australia,‘
and we have many specimens from each State. Though pre-
viously figured by Peters, as above indicated, the head-shields
are here represented because the first published illustration is
not accessible in most Australian libraries, a disability
experienced in regard to so many of our species of the family.
Many of the blind snakes emit a most objectionable odour
when handled.

TYPHLOPS AUSTRALIS, Gray.
Anthos australis, Gray: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 135.

Typhlops preisst, Jan: Icon. Gén., 1860, p. 15, liv. 1.,
plav.,: fig. 12:

Onychocephalus bicolor, Peters: Mon. Akad. Berl., 1860, p. 81.

This species was not taken on the expedition, but the
South Australian Museum possesses examples obtained on
Cooper and Leigh Creeks. It also occurs in Victoria, South
Australia, and Western Australia.

(2) Lucas: Proc. Roy.. Soc. Vict., ix., new ser., 1896, p. 43.
(3) Werner: Fauna Siidwest Aust., i1., 1909, p. 256.

436
Family BOIDAE.

ASPIDITES RAMSAYI, Macleay.
Bl. xx val. | fie. 2:

Aspidiotes ramsayi, Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
vi., 1882, p. 813; Longman: Mem. Queensl. Mus., v., 1916, p. 48.

Aspidites ramsayi, Boulenger: Cat. Snakes, Brit. Mus., 1.,
1893, p. 92; Waite: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, (2), ix., 1894, ,
ps (15) leet.

Aspidites collaris, Longman: Mem. Queensl. Mus., 11., 1913,
p. 40.

wes

We frequently saw the tracks of large snakes on the sand-
hills, often in the neighbourhood of rabbit burrows, and
where the snake had apparently been resting, and especially
after rain, the impression was sometimes so sharp that the
imprint of the ventral plates could be counted for the space
in which they had been in contact with the sand.

More than once we attempted to dig a snake out, guided
by the tracks through the ramifications of ‘the burrow. On
one occasion we opened up a trench to an aggregate length
of 50 feet, and, though guided by a blackfellow, we were
unsuccessful. The natives, however, do unearth snakes from

437

the warrens, and at one spot we came across two men who
had got a couple of rabbits by digging with sticks only. One
and all spoke of the snake as “‘woma,’’ and ‘as I had
frequently heard of a big snake by this name, I was particu-
larly anxious to establish its identity. Chance at length gave
me the desired opportunity, for on October 12, two days
after leaving Kanowana Station, when we were practically
lost among an apparently never-ending succession of sand-
hills, we camped in the fast-disappearing daylight; in
unloading the camels, one of the packs was deposited almost
on to a large snake coiled on the sand. This welcome
incident greatly alarmed our Afghan driver, who evinced the
greatest horror of all reptiles, and spurred him into most
unusual activity. The snake was soon secured and tied. up
alive, but was dead next morning, when it was posed and
photographed (pl. xxvii., fig. 2).

The “woma” of the Cooper Creek district proves to be
Asmdites ramsayi1, and when fresh the general colour was
pale greenish-grey above, somewhat darker on the head ; under-
parts yellow with pinkish-brown blotches, especially well-
marked on the fore parts and beneath the tail. The markings
are in the form of olive-coloured bands. They reach within
two seales of the ventrals, and join over the back, forming a
network two meshes wide. There are 89 bands on the body
and 14 on the tail. As the specimen obtained differs
considerably from those I had previously examined, some
details of its structure may be discussed. In this connecticn
also I have examined four other specimens afforded by this
Museum; the resulting conclusions support Mr. Longman’s
statement that the head-shields are very variable. In the
aboye-noted paper I emphasized certain characters which
seemed conclusive for the determination of the two species,
Aspidites melanocephalus and A. ramsayr. When a larger
series of specimens is examined these supposed characters.
largely fail, but the number of ventral and sub-caudal
shields appear to be reliable characters for the recognition of
the two species. In A. melanocephalus the ventrals number
321 to 338, and the sub-caudals 60 to 69, whereas in A.
ramsayt these plates number 287 to 308 and 51 to 53
respectively. Female snakes frequently have shorter tails
than males, but the figures given above bear no relation to
sex, as the examples of A. ramsayi, from which the numbers.
were obtained, are of both sexes. The wholly black or brown
head and neck may be characteristic of A. melanocephalus,
but it may be noted that of the specimens of A. ramsayi now
under review, two young examples exhibit some black mark-
ings ; thus in one, the snout, chin, and some of the head plates:

438

are black, and in another, dark markings are found on the
neck. Replying to my inquiry as to the condition in A.
collaris, Mr. Longman informs me that he now suggests that
the strikingly white colouration of the specimen may be
explained as a case of partial albinism. Melanistic birds are
but rarely met with, whereas albinos, on the contrary, are
within the experience of everyone. ‘The reverse condition

WA
( 08, Wolace f
AY

fon)
“I

appears to obtain in regard to snakes, for Boulenger writes :—
()“Melanism is frequent in snakes . . . partial albinism
is rare; perfect albinism, characterized by absence of black
pigment in the eye, rarer still.” ©

Other. characters I had relied upon to distinguish the
species of A spidites were the condition and number of the
head shields, particular importance being attached to the
number of the labial entering the orbit, the sixth being
indicative of A. melanocephalus and the seventh of 4A.
ramsayi. Of the five specimens of the latter species now
under notice, one conforms to the statement, in two the sixth

(4) Boulenger: Snakes of Europe, 1913, p. 39.
(5) For discussion on albinos and white varieties see Waite
and others, Zoologist, (3), xv., 1892, and xvi., 1893.

439

labial enters the orbit, in one the sixth and seventh on both
sides do so (fig. 4), while in the remaining two examples
the labials are cut off from the orbital margin, each by two
suboculars (fig. 5).

Though apparently of fundamental importance, the
conditions here detailed may be produced by slight superficial
changes. If we turn to figs. 3 and 4 of my paper (1894), it will
be apparent that if the lower preocular and the seventh labial
of fig. 3 were fused, the condition would be similar to that
in fig. 4, apart from the number of the labial involved. Then
as regards the presence or absence of suboculars, the relative
conditions are really slight, depending upon the degree with
which the apex of the labial is pushed upwards towards the
orbit, resulting in a separation of the orbitals or otherwise.
Similar variability exists in regard to the posterior pre-
frontals: in one of two specimens of A. ramsayi taken
together, the shields are in contact for more than half their
length (fig. 6), whereas in the other they are quite separated
(fig. 7). The loreals are very unstable, ranging from one to
three, while in one example there are six on each side.

In addition to the larger number of ventral and sub-
caudal plates found in A. melanocephaius, we may note the
smaller number of the lower labials, 14 to 17; they range
from 17 to 20 in A. ramsayi. The number of scales round
the body varies from 53 to 63, but the differences are not
correlated with the species. In most snakes the scales
are normally arranged in an odd number of rows, the ventral
plate connecting the two even sides. Having no enlarged
ventral plates, the Typhlopidae furnish an exception, bearing
an even number of scales round the body. Krefft counted 52 in
the type of A. melanocephalus, but on examination Boulenger
corrected the number to 53; similarly I am allowing 63 scales
for the specimen credited with 64 by Longman.

The ‘‘entire’’ anal is probably a character of the genus,
though Macleay stated that the type of A. ramsayi had two
anal plates. ‘

As far as known also, the distribution of the two species
is different, A. melanocephalus being a northern form
recorded from eastern and northern Queensland, and 4.
ramsayi transcontinental, occurring in northern New South
Wales, Southern Queensland, across the central districts to
Western Australia south of lat S. 23°.

The following table shows the characters of the several
examples known to me by descriptions or specimens. The
details of 4. melanocephalus, the type excepted, are kindly
supplied by Mr. Longman from specimens in the Queensland
Museum : —

440

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(4) AVES.

By 8S. A. Wairr, M.B.O.U.
PraTeE XXX.

The tract of country collected over practically formed
a triangle, situated between the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks,
and the expedition traversed two sides, the railway between
Farina and Hergott Springs forming the base. Seeing that
the Cooper is much more often in flood than any other creek
or river in the Central region, and that many fine waterholes:
occur along its course, one would naturally suppose that the
bird-life would be much more numerous in comparison with
drier districts, but I was exceedingly surprised and disap-
pointed to find that this was not the case. With the exception
of the Bare-eyed Cockatoos (Ducorpsius gymnojms), Rose-
breasted Cockatoo (Holophus roseicapillus), and the Shell
Parrots or Love Birds (Melopsittacus undulatus), the
paucity of bird-life was remarkable. This may be to some
extent due to severe droughts coming upon an overstocked
country, and to the ravages of rabbits, for much of the bush
of the country is almost exterminated, and, as far as I can
see, 1s going from bad to worse. The time of our visit to
the district was a remarkably good season, but in spite of the
great quantity of herbage growing over the sandy country,
there is no chance, even if a number of good seasons should
succeed each other (which is not at all likely), of the country
ever regaining its original state. So it is quite possible much
of the bird-life has shifted into unoccupied districts. When
the expedition had almost completed the journey, it was
found that the Diamantina, to the north, had been in flood
for several months, and there is little doubt much of the
water-fowl had collected there to nest earlier in the season.

One hundred and six species of birds were collected or
recorded during the period of the expedition.

A new tree-creeper (Climacteris waitei) was discovered
on the Cooper, and the nest and eggs of Ashbyia lovensis were
made known to science.

The expedition has been the means of greatly extending
our knowledge of the range of distribution of many species, ”
especially so with the Black-banded Whiteface (A phelo-
cephala nigricincta) and the Desert Chat (Ashbyia lovensis ).

442

Many of the birds were found to be those of a typical
desert country, and were previously met with by me over the
whole of the central area. I was surprised not to have seen
a single Crested Rock Pigeon (Lophophaps plumifera
leucogaster), for these birds were seen in numbers by Capt.
Sturt when he discovered that region. But it is more than
likely that the domestic cat introduced by white man and
now gone wild, has exterminated this lovely bird. I believe
I am the first to write up the avifauna of the Cooper Creek
district. The only bird I know of being described from the
Cooper is the Pallid Yellow-vented Parrot (Northiella
haematogaster pallescens, Salvadori). From what part of the
Cooper this bird came or how Count Salvadori obtained it, I
am not aware.

Each species in the following list has my field notes
attached ; the measurements of the total length and expanse
of the wings are expressed in millimetres; the nomenclature
is that of Gregory M. Mathews’ “List of the Birds of
Australia, 1913.’’

I have compared the birds’ skins with those in my own
collection and in the South Australian Museum, and in
reference to the latter I have to thank Mr. F. R. Zietz,
Museum Ornithologist, in giving me every assistance in
examining the collection under his charge.

Order CASURIIFORMES.
Family DROMICEIIDAE.

DROMICEIUS NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Latham (Emu).

Not a single bird was seen during the trip, and only once
were their tracks noticed.

Order TURNICIFORMES.
Family TURNICIDAE.

AUSTROTURNIX V. VELOX, Gould (Little Quail).

A fair number of these swift-flying quail were met with
on flooded ground near the Cooper, whenever there was
sufficient cover for them, generally in pairs, and once
flushed were seldom seen again. Two specimens were obtained,
and upon comparison with skins taken near Adelaide, show
little or no variation.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 25 d 139°5 mm. 255 mm.

October 5... Be 152. mm. 257°5 mm.

443

Order COLUMBIFORMES.
Family COLUMBIDAE.
STICTOPELEIA C. CUNEATA, Latham

(Eastern Spotted-shouldered Dove.)

This is a widely distributed bird, and was found all over
the country where waters existed. The plaintive cooing note
_was often heard while we were travelling down the Cooper.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 3 210°75 mm. —
October 9... 3 203 mm. 292 mm.

Specimens agree with others in my collection, taken in many
other parts of the State.

OcYPHAPS L. LOPHOTES, Temminck (Crested Pigeon).

These fine birds were met with wherever there was
permanent water, sometimes in pairs, at other times in
parties of a dozen or more. They were breeding during the
time we passed through the country. The nest consists of a
few sticks carelessly placed in a mulga, 8 or 10 feet from the
sround, but I have seen them in a cane bush almost on the
ground. The nest invariably contained two eggs, pure white.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 rah 346 mm. 501°75 mm.
September 18 fe) 304 mm. 447°55 mm.

I see no variation as to colour with birds from other localities.

Order RALLIFORMES.
Family RALLIDAE.

MICROTRIBONYX VENTRALIS WHITEI, Gould
(Black-tailed Native Hen).

These birds were met with at several places along the
Cooper, but not in the numbers one would expect. No signs
of mating were seen; they were in fairly large parties. Capt.
Sturt mentions in his journal as having met with these birds
in great numbers when he traversed that country. Four
specimens taken measured as follows :—

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 8 3 387 mm. 716 =mm.
October 8 Q 330 mm. 640 mm.
October 8 Q 349 mm. 640 mm.
October 8 Q 355 mm. 646°5 mm.

444

Order PODICIPIFORMES.
Family PODICIPIDAE.

TACHYBAPTUS RUFICOLLIS NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens
(Black-throated Grebe).

One or two birds were seen upon the large waterholes,
but no specimens were taken.

Order LARIFORMES.

Family LARIDAE.
GELOCHELIDON NILOTICA MACROTARSA, Gould
(Australian Gull-billed Tern).

Several birds seen flying over a large waterhole on the
Strzelecki Creek. No specimens were secured.

HyYDROPROGNE TSCHEGRAVA STRENUA, Gould
(Australian Caspian Tern).

A fine bird of this species was seen flying low over the
waters of the Cooper, on the watch for fish, the bill being
pointed downwards in characteristic manner.

THALASSEUS BERGII POLIOCERCUS, Gould (Crested Tern).

Several of these birds were observed flying low over the
saltbush country which surrounded Lake Harry. There was
a little surface water lying about at the time, in small clay-
pans, but nowhere more than half an inch deep.

BRUCHIGAVIA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE ETHELAE, Mathews
(Southern Silver Gull).

Seen by Mr. Edgar R. Waite on the fine reservoir at
Ooroowilanie, October 17.

Order CHARADRIITFORMES.
Family VANELLIDAE.
ERYTHROGONYS C. cINcTUS, Gould (Red-kneed Dotterel).

Two adult birds in company with two young fledged birds
visited a waterhole where we were camped early one morning ;
this was the only time upon which this species was observed.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 8... 3 181 mm. 371 mm.
October 8... ¢ Gimm.) 178 mm. 356 mm.

October 8... fe) 18] mm. 368 mm.

445

Young of the first year, still fully fledged, only possess
the adult markings of the wings, 7.e., primaries dark
blackish-brown, tipped with white; secondaries, basal half
black, the remainder white; show no sign of black head, and
deep black band across the breast of the adult bird of both
sexes; the whole of the upper-surface is of a silvery-grey,
most of the feathers margined with dull white; all under-
surface white; two central tail feathers brown, margined
with dull yellow, the remainder tipped with white, and in some
instances margined with brown and dull yellow; bill differs
from the adult in being dull plum colour, instead of rich
deep red; iris bluish-black instead of brown; feet bluish;
knees dull plum colour; while the adult has legs and feet
slate-black; knees bright plum colour.

LospiByx NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens (Spur-winged Plover).

At several places these birds were observed. At Munger-
_ anie quite a number of young birds was seen.

ZONIFER TRICOLOR, Vieillot (Black-breasted Plover).

These birds were not often seen, and appeared to be
restricted to the flooded country.

Family CHARADRIIDAE.

LEUCOPOLIUS RUFICAPILLUS, Temminck
(Red-capped Dotterel).

Thinly scattered over the country, met with in twos and
threes at dams, waterholes, and watercourses. Upon
comparing those taken, little or no variation can be seen
between the northern and southern birds.

ELSEYA MELANOPS, Vieillot (Black-fronted Dotterel).

There was hardly a waterhole of any size which these
birds were not found to frequent. They would run along
the edge of the water, stopping every few feet, and bob their
heads up and down, then on again, to repeat the performance ;
when flushed they flew to the opposite side of the water, and
while on the wing gave forth a sharp call of one note.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 3 166 mm. 349 mm.
September 24 d 160 mm. 352 mm.
September 25 d 152 mm. 334 mm.

On comparison with southern birds, no variation can
be seen.

446

Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE.
HIMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHALUS, Gould (White-headed Stilt).

Quite a number of these birds was met with at Munger-
anie, wading in the shallow swamp formed by the overflow
of the bore water; many of them were immature.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 15 ... 3 375 mm. 728 mm.
October (1/5 ~~. Q 358 mm. 691 mm.

RECURVIROSTRA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Vieillot
(Red-necked Avocet).
A large flock of these birds (mostly immature) was
feeding in company with the preceding species on the swamp .

at Mungeranie. They were thrusting their strange
recurved bills into the mud and uttering a plaintive call.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October alo... Q 413 mm. 736 mm.
October 15 i Q 406 mm. 755 mm.
October 15. . 2. Q 432 mm. 722 mm.
October 15~-<.. Q 413 mm. 739 mm.

The immature birds could be easily distinguished by the
reddish-brown top to the head, the throat almost grey, the
feathers of the neck not nearly so rich a red as in the adult.
The primaries are black, as with the adult bird, but the wing.
coverts, instead of being black, are dark brown, each feather
tipped with dull white, giving a mottled appearance; bill
black ; iris bluish-black ; feet and legs delicate pale blue.

Family GLAREOLIDAE.
STILTIA ISABELLA, Viellot (Australian Pratincole).

Only seen upon one occasion; a pair flew round a large
claypan containing water.

PELTOHYAS AUSTRALIS, Gould (Australian Dotterel).

This bird was met with on the tablelands in many places,
moving about in small parties, from three or four to a dozen.
They are very difficult to pick out amongst the gibbers, having
such a protective colouration. There is no doubt they were
breeding in many localities, but only once were eggs found,
and these when a camel had almost tredden upon the sitting
bird. The eggs were laid in a cattle track made when the
ground was soft, but since become hard clay. There was not
the slightest attempt at making a nest. The bird fluttered
off, feigning a broken wing to lure us from the spot.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 14 Ei 220 mm. 456 mm.

September 17 fe) 226 mm. 462 mm.

October 19 ... fe) 217 mm. 456 mm.

447

Family BURHINIDAE.
BURHINUS MAGNIROSTRIS, Latham (Eastern Stone Plover).
These birds were heard calling at night in one or two
localities, but were not met with during the day time. No

specimen secured.
Family OTIDIDAE.

AUSTROTIS AUSTRALIS, Gray (Australian Bustard).

I was much surprised not meeting with this bird in
numbers after such a good season. Only seen upon the wing.

Order PSOPHITFORMES.
Family PSOPHIIDAE.
MATHEWSIA RUBICUNDA, Perry
(Australian Crane, or Native Companion).

Two birds observed by our leader, Mr. Waite, on October
17, in a small swamp near New Well.

Order ARDEIFORMES.
Family PLEGADIDAE.

PLATIBIS FLAVIPES, Gould (Yellow-billed Spoonbill).

These birds were seen in several places along the Cooper,
and a single bird was disturbed from a washout near the
Strzelecki Creek, a little south of Innamincka. I observed
them‘late one moonlight night feeding on the edge of the
water at Cuttapirie Corner.

Family ARDEIDAE.

NovToPHOYX NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Latham
(White-fronted Heron). :
Met with at many places on the Strzelecki and Cooper
Creeks ; generally single birds at the waterholes. These were
very shy; no specimens taken.

Myoua paciFica, Latham (White-necked Heron).

This bird was rather numerous along the watercourses
or near permanent waters. As many as thirty were seen

together at one time.
Total length. Expanse of wings.

October 4... Q 760 mm. 1,419 mm.

NyYcCTICORAX CALEDONICUS AUSTRALASIAE, Vieillot
(Australian Night Heron).
These birds were heard’ at night while we were travelling
down the Cooper. Several seen in the big gums at
Innamincka.

448

Order ANSERIFORMES.
Family ANATIDAE.

CHENONETTA JUBATA, Latham (Wood Duck, or Maned Goose).

A few small parties met with on the Cooper, many of
the birds being fully-fledged young.

VIRAGO GIBBERIFRONS (Grey Teal).
A few seen on the waterholes, and also along the Cooper.
Two quite young broods came under notice, the parent birds
feigning lameness to distract attention from their young.

MALACORHYNCHUS MEMBRANACEUS, Latham
(Pink-eared Duck).
Only a few birds met with in the hgnum swamps; they
were breeding.
Order PELECANIFORMES.
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE.

PHALACROCORAX CARBO NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens
(Black Cormorant).
Seen once upon Cooper Creek.

MIcCROCARBO MELANOLEUCUS, Vieillot (Little Cormorant).

Observed at Buirkett’s woolshed waterhole and once
on the Cooper.
Family PELECANIDAE.

CATOPTROPELICANUS CONSPICILLATUS, Temminck
(Eastern Pelican).
A small party of these fine birds was seen at the Lakes
Crossing, flying towards Lake Blanche; also on the Cooper
at Innamincka.

Order ACCIPITRIFORMES.

Family FALCONIDAE.
UroarEtus aupax, Latham (Wedge-tailed Eagle).

Very few of these fine birds were seen. Two or three
dead ones were picked up, evidently poisoned by wild-dog
baits. Old nests were seen, but none lately occupied.

HIERAAETUS MORPHNOIDES, Gould (Little Eagle).

Several birds seen during the trip. One taken September
18 was a female sitting very closely on a single egg; nest a
large construction of sticks placed in a sandalwood tree, 15 to
20 feet from the ground.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 Q 508 mm. 1,220 mm.

449

HALIASTUR SPHENURUS, Vieillot (Whistling Eagle).

These birds were numerous along the Cooper, and were
found breeding in several localities.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 3 520 mm. 1,358 mm.
September 22 Q 553 mm. 1,390 mm.

MILVUS KORSCHUN AFFINIS, Gould (Allied Kite).

At our camps during the journey up the Strzelecki Creek
these birds were very numerous. No sooner were the camels
unloaded than the kites put in an appearance, and became
very bold, but at the sight of a gun they were off. Some
birds showed little if any fork in the tail; the only female
taken had the tail quite square, and plumage very mottled.
Six specimens were taken; measurements as follows :—

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 3 539 mm. 1,302 mm.
September 26 3 514 mm. 1,283 mm.
September 27 3 521 mm. 1,283 mm.
September 27 3 521 mm. 1,290 mm.
October 4 a 508 mm. 1,243 mm.
October 6 Q 508 mm. 1,271 mm.

These birds were lost sight of upon the last part of the
journey. During my Central Australian Expedition, 1913
(see Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xxxviil.), only one bird
was seen, and during my Far North-west Expedition, 1914
(see Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xxxix.), not a single
bird came under notice.

GYPOICTINIA MELANOSTERNA, Gould (Black-breasted Buzzard).

Several of these fine birds were seen during the course of
the expedition; they were mostly soaring very high. One
day when following up the Strzelecki Creek my attention was
drawn to a pair of these birds circling round a dead tree, and
upon making investigations found they had a large nest
constructed with sticks. It was placed about 40 feet from
the ground: while I stood underneath one of the birds
alighted on the edge of the nest, and upon climbing up found
the nest was just lined ready for the eggs.

TERACIDEA BERIGORA, Vigors and Horsfield (Brown Hawk).

This is the interior form of this bird. All birds seen
were of the uniform reddish-brown colouration. They were
found over the whole of the country traversed, and were
breeding throughout the months of September and October.

P

450

The discordant cries of this bird were heard during most
of the day, and up to very late in the evening. This light
ruddy phase I have found to be most consistent throughout the
interior, and the dark form seems to be confined to the

coastal areas.
Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 18 3 355 mm. 912 mm.

CERCHNEIS CENCHROIDES, Vigors and Horsfield
(Nankeen Kestrel).
These birds were occasionally seen, but were not numerous.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 12 Q 330 mm. 742 mm.

Order STRIGIFORMES.
Family STRIGIDAE.
SPILOGLAUX BOOBOOK, Latham (Boobook Owl).

The unmistakable call of this bird was heard upon many
occasions during the night-time. No specimens were secured.

HIERACOGLAUX CONNIVENS, Latham (Winking Owl).

A pair of these birds was observed in the vicinity of
‘“Burke’s Tree,” at Innamincka, where one was secured.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 2 3 432 mm. 1,042 mm.

They were very wary, and it was not till after many
attempts that they could be approached within gun-shot, keep-
ing to the large gum timber along the creek.

Family TYTONIDAE.
TyTo ALBA DELICATULA, Gould (Masked Owl).

These useful birds were found to be fairly plentiful all
over the country visited, and showed a great liking for
deserted wells: in one case a bird was sitting upon eggs on
the sand at the bottom of a dry well. Upon many occasions
birds were flushed from hollow trees, the hollows often
containing great numbers of pellets or rejects, one hollow
stump having over a bushel of pellets in it.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 5... 3 330 mm. 964 mm.
October 138 ... fe) 330 mm. 958 mm.

October 4... o 317 mm. 977 mm.

451

Order PSITTACIFORMES.
Family CACATOIDAE.
LOPHOCHROA LEADBEATERI, Vigors (Pink Cockatoo).

Was observed once at Innamincka, where a pair was
breeding.

Ducorpsitus GyMNopis, Sclater (Bare-eyed Cockatoo).

These birds had congregated in thousands along the
Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks, where they were in full nesting
operations. They were in company with Holophus roseicapillus,
which they apparently dominated, for they took possession
of the highest nesting places. They kept up a discordant
screeching from daybreak till dark; they were continually
flying backwards and forwards from their feeding ground in
the sandhills and out upon the flats to their nesting sites in
the timber along the creek. Upon investigating it was found
that their principal food consisted of the seed of the Bladder
Saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria). While travelling up the
Strzelecki in September, from two to four eggs were found in
the nests, while in the middle of October, while descending
the Cooper, large young were found in all nests examined.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 Q 381 mm. 818 mm.
September 15 3 394 mm. 838 mm.
September 25 Q 373 mm. 818 mm.

EOLOPHUS ROSEICAPILLUS, Vieillot (Rose-breasted Cockatoo).

These cockatoos were even more numerous than the
preceding species, and had collected on all timbers near creeks
or other waters to nest; there being so many birds they had
to make shift with any nesting places—from the topmost
hollow branch to near the surface of the ground. Four eggs
seemed to be the usual clutch, laid upon the bare wood.
This is a much quieter bird in comparison with the
preceding species, and its note is not nearly so harsh and
grating. It was a wonderful sight to see several hundreds of
these beautiful birds alight upon a dead tree. Their food
seemed to be the same as that of the bare-eyed bird.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 10 ... 3 355 mm. 812 mm.
October 10 ... Q 330 mm. 756 mm.

-LEPTOLOPHUS AaURICOMIS, Swainson (Cockatoo Parrot).
This bird was only seen once or twice. A specimen was
taken on the Strzelecki at Caraweena.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 ws 317 mm. 495 mm.

P2

452

BARNARDIUS BARNARDI WHITEI, Mathews
(South Australian Mallee Parrot).

These parrots were met with in parties of five or six on
the extreme north end of the Flinders Range. Their habits
are similar to all other members of the genus. As soon as
the low ranges were left these birds were not again seen. Their
range extends from Port Augusta in the south to a little
north of Mount Lyndhurst. Specimens taken during this
expedition agree with those from several other localities in
the Flinders Range.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 14 3 355 mm. 521 mm.
September 14 3 361 mm. 508 mm.
September 14 3 355 mm. 495 mm.
September 14 Q 343 mm. 445 mm.

PSEPHOTUS HAEMATONOTUS, Gould (Red-backed Parrot).
These birds were observed once only, near to Innamincka.

NORTHIELLA HAEMATOGASTER PALLESCENS, Salvadori
(Pale Yellow-vented Parrot).

These beautiful Parrots were fairly numerous in the
mulga scrubs near waters. Many fully-fledged young were -
accompanying the old birds. They are rather swift of flight.
Food consists mostly of grass seeds, mulga and other acacia
seeds. The call is feeble and not long sustained, generally
uttered when on the wing.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 19 3 228 mm. 381 mm.
October 10 ... 3 253 mm. 394 mm.
October 10 ... a 259 mm. 368 mm.
October 10 ... Q 250 mm. 373 mm.

MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS, Shaw and Nodder
(Shell Parrot, Budgerigar, Love Bird).

These beautiful little birds had congregated in thousands
in many places to nest, and every hollow branch had its
nesting pair. Their soft chattering note was kept up the
livelong day. A dozen or more birds would be seen
clustered along a bough, loving and preening one another.
Their bright green and yellow feathers, spotted with blue,
made a charming picture.

. Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 Q 178 mm. 271 mm.
September 22 3S 184 mm. 281 mm,
September 22 Q - 175 mm. 278 mm.
September 25 d 196 mm. 286 mm.
October 7 E 172 mm. 253 mm.

453
Order CORACIIFORMES.

Family PODARGIDAE.
PopAaRGUS STRIGOIDES, Latham (Tawny Frogmouth).

One bird of very light colouration and smal] dimensions
was taken.
Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 26 3 381 mm. 736 mm.

AEGOTHELES CRISTATA, White“) (Owlet Nightjar).

These birds were met with in many places during the
expedition, being often flushed from the hollow limbs in the
box trees. From specimens which came under observation it
would lead one to suppose that there are two forms inhabiting
the Cooper Creek region. One answering well to our coastal
form, with dark markings; the other, in which the markings
have almost disappeared, and the whole plumage of a very
rufous colouration.

Total length. — Expause of wings.
October 3... Q 216 mm. 406 mm.
October 4... Q 206 mm. 406 mm.
October 6... 3 216 mm. 394 mm.

Family ALCEDINIDAE.
CYANALCYON PYRRHOPYGIUS, Gould (Red-backed Kingfisher).

This is a real desert bird, and is often found very far
from waiter. Its call is a strange one, loud and harsh, once
heard can never be mistaken. Like other members of the
genus it is fond of perching on the top of a dead tree or
branch, from which it watches for grasshoppers and other
imsects. It will capture food upon the wing as well as
upon the ground. The birds which came under notice from
this district showed little if any variation from. specimens
taken in more central parts of Australia. The first specimen
to come under observation was taken on September 18 :—

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 (?) 235 mm. 361 mm.
metober, 3° ° 22.7) oO 219 mm. 361 mm.
Wetober 4 —.): Q 216 mm. im 266° mm.

Q) Dr. Shaw made the zoological determinations published in
“‘White’s Journal, Voy. N.S. Wales, 1790.’’—E. R. W.

454
Family MEROPIDAE.

CosMAEROPS ORNATUS, Latham (Australian Bee-eater).

These lovely birds were seen once or twice, but were not
numerous.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 25 =. Q 240 mm. 355 mm.
October 3... d 216 mm. (2) 355 mm. (?)

Family CAPRIMULGIDAE.
EUROSTOPODUS MYSTACALIS, Temminck
(White-throated Nightjar).
The unmistakable call of this bird was heard upon several
occasions during the night-time. No specimens were taken.

Order COCCYGES.

Family CUCULIDAE.
HETEROSCENES PALLIDUS, Latham (Pallid Cuckoo).
Several birds seen and heard, but no specimens taken.

NEOCHALCITES BASALIS, Horsfield
(Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo).

Two or three came under notice, but no specimens having
been taken, it is impossible to say to which sub-species they
belonged.

Order PASSERIFORMES.
Family HIRUNDINIDAE.
HirRuNDO NEOXENA, Gould (Welcome Swallow).

Observed near human habitations.

CHERAMOECA LEUCOSTERNUM STONEI, Mathews
(Eastern White and Black Swallow).

‘These birds were fairly numerous in many parts of the
country, and their nesting tunnels in the sides, of sand banks
were often met with. During October they contained large
young ones.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 5... 3 108 mm. 217 mm.
October. 5 ... Q 102 mm. 208 mm.

HYLOCHELIDON NIGRICANS CALEYI, Mathews (Tree Martin).

These birds were in thousands in some localities. They
clustered on the dead limbs of box trees till they were

“(2) 278 mm. to end of longest tail feathers.

455

crowded out; then they would fly off with one impulse in a
- cloud to again assemble as before. In one or two places they
were nesting in the hollow spouts of the box trees.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
Octobers6™ 1°: 3 127 mm. 286 mm.

LAGENOPLASTES ARIEL, Gould (Fairy Martin).

Upon more than one occasion these birds were found
nesting on the underside of leaning box trees, on the banks
of the Cooper. At Mungeranie great numbers of the strange
retort-shaped nests were clustered under the verandah of the
police station.

October 4... Q 127 mm. 256 mm.

Family MUSCICAPIDAE.
MICROECA FASCINANS, sub sp.(?) (Brown Flycatcher).

This bird is of exceptionally light colouration. I can-
not say if it is M. f. pallida, De Vis, not having seen
that bird. Have compared it with skins from the Northern
Territory but found it a much paler bird. Should it not be
M. f. pallida, would suggest the specific name of barcoo.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 30 3 140 mm. 262 mm.
September 30 Q 140 mm. 259 mm.
October 3... d 140 mm. 269 mm.(?)

WHITEORNIS GOODENOVII, Vigors and Horsfield
(Southern Red-capped Robin).

One or two examples came under notice during the early
part of our journey.

PACHYCEPHALA. sp.(?) (Thickhead).

The unmistakable note of a bird of this genus was heard
several times, but in spite of all efforts no specimen could be
secured. |

RHIPIDURA FLABELLIFERA WHITEI, Mathews
(South Australian Fantail).

One bird taken on the Cooper below Cuttapirie Corner.

LEUCOCIRCA TRICOLOR, Vieillot (Black and White Fantail).

This very familiar bird was met with not only around
stations, but hundreds of miles from any habitation. Only
a pair or a single bird seen in any one locality.

456

Family CAMPOPHAGIDAE.
CoRACINA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE MELANOPS, Latham.
Seen in several localities.

LALAGE TRICOLOR, Swainson
(White-shouldered Caterpillar-eater).

These birds were very plentiful all through the country ;
many in full breeding plumage, and seemed to be on the
move in a southerly direction.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 16 3 183. mm. : 310 mm.
September 22 a 173 mm. 310 mm.
September 22 d TOT mam: 286 mm.
October 7 3 177 mm. 304 mm.
—- Q 191 mm. . 304 mm.
October 19 ... 3 177 mm. 298 mm.

Family TIMELIIDAE.
SAMUELA CINNAMOMEA, Gould (Cinnamon Ground Bird).

These birds were not nearly so plentiful as met with
during my former trips into more central districts. They
show a great preference for stony country, and I have never
met with them in the sandhills. Fully-fledged young were in
company with the parent birds.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 Q 220 mm. 343 mm.
September 25 Q 217 mm. 281 mm.
September 26 J 215 mm. 278 mm.
October 16 ... fe) 202 mm. 278 mm.

PoMATOSTOMUS RUFICEPS, Hartlaub
(Chestnut-crowned Babbler).

These birds were fairly plentiful along the Strzelecki
Creek, moving about in small parties of four or five up to a
dozen. Their favourite haunts were the thick hgnum bushes,
growing on flooded ground. It was very difficult to flush them
from their bushes, for they would hop about in the middle
of the bush, uttering their scolding notes, and all at once
dart off from the other side, and by the time one rushed round
the flock would be just seen entering another bush, to go
through the same performance. Many fully-fledged young
accompanied the adult birds.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 20 Q 215 mm. 330 mm.
September 22 3d 220 mm. 278 mm.

September 23 d 202 mm. 278 mm.

457

MoRGANORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Vigors and Horsfield
(White-browed Babbler).

These birds were found over the driest part of the
country.

CALOMANTHUS CAMPESTRIS LSABELLINUS, North (Desert Wren).

We only met with this species during the early part of
the journey, and after a few days lost sight of them.
Specimens taken agree with those from further north.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 12 Q 117 mm. 174 mm.

CINCLORHAMPHUS CRURALIS CANTATORIS, Gould
(Southern Brown Song-Lark).

Many birds were seen, but they were very silent. This
was no doubt owing to the nesting season being over. The
specimens taken seem to be consistently smaller in comparison
with the birds nearer the coast.

PTENOEDUS MATHEWSI viGoRSI, Mathews
(Eastern Rufous Song-Lark).

These birds were very numerous along the Strzelecki and
Cooper Creek, and when the herbage and marshmallows
were green they were often flushed, and as they flew poured
forth their pleasing song. Many fully-fledged young were
seen.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 3 202 mm. 304 mm.
September 23 Q 165 mm. 245 mm.

Family TURDIDAE.
PAREPTHIANURA TRICOLOR, Gould (Tricoloured Chat).

These beautiful birds were met with all along the
Strzelecki Creek, and many were nesting in the low herbage.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 3 117 mm. 202 mm.
September 15 3 115 mm. 208 mm.
September 22 d 124 mm. 215 mm.
September 22 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 24 e) 120 mm, 205 mm.

AUREPTHIANURA AURIFRONS, Gould (Orange-fronted Chat).

These birds were found with the preceding species in
great numbers from Farina to Cooper Creek, after which
they were much more numerous than the tricoloured species.

458

They were found nesting in numbers. The nest is seldom
placed far from the ground—as a rule, not more than 18
inches or 2 feet, and very often in the centre of a low bush,
with the bottom of the nest resting on the ground. The usual
clutch of eggs seems to be three, but four are often seen.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 13 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 26 a 115 mm. 199 mm.
October 19 ... 3 117 mm. 202 mm.

ASHBYIA LOVENSIS, Ashby (Desert Chat).

This bird seems to have been breeding over the whole of
the tableland country between Farina and Innamincka, and
to the north of Hergott Springs. This gives the species a
much more extended range, for I met with it in 1914 (vide
Proc. Roy: Soc. ‘S. Austr.5) volo pxxmaxg hos) au Severak
fully-fledged young were taken, and the parent birds did
their best to draw the attention of the collector by feigning
being disabled with broken wing, etc. The nest and eggs of
this bird were discovered on the expedition’s return journey,
and have been described (‘“Emu,” vol. xvi., pp. 165-7).
The Desert. Chat is a stony-desert bird, and not once have I
met with it on any other class of country, and to call them
bush chats is a misnomer, for they do not inhabit a country
which produces bush, but are only found on the gibber or stony
tablelands. Their backs have a ruddy-brown tinge, which
harmonizes so well with gibbers that it is difficult to pick the
birds out without they move, or turn their yellow breasts
towards you. They will run along for a few yards, pause, and
maybe hop on to a stone, bobbing their tails up and down
after the manner of a pipit. The young take on the bright
yellow upon the breast from the nest, but the head and back
have a much more ruddy colouration. This is more likely to
protect them during their youthful state from birds of prey
flying overhead. They seldom utter a sound. When they -
- take to the wing they fly rapidly, straight, and to some
distance, then run rapidly on amongst the stones. Upon one
occasion, when parent birds were trying their best to draw
my attention away from their young, they uttered a plaintive
little call as if in distress.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 17 Q . 80 mm. 236 mm.
September 17 a 130 mm. 240 mm.
October 16 ... a 127 mm. 233 mm.
October 16 ... Q 136 mm. 242 mm.

October 19 ... ¢ Gmm.) 140 mm. 200) namie

459

Family SILVIIDAE.
ACANTHIZA IREDALEI MORGANI, Mathews
(Southern Thin-billed Tit).

During the early part of the journey a small party of
these birds was met with, moving about in a very sprightly
manner amongst the low bushes in a dry water-course,
searching stem and leaf for insect food. They were not
again seen.

PYRRHOLAEMUS BRUNNEUS, Gould (Redthroat).

I have not visited any part of the interior where this
bird is not to be found. They were not plentiful in the
country we passed through, but at times their sweet song
enlivened, the wilderness, for it was often poured forth in the
mornings and evenings from the top of a bush or dry twig.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 13 3 150 mm. 186 mm.

Ha.uornis cyanotus, Gould (White-winged Wren).

This was a very common bird throughout the saltbush
country. Like some of the M/aluri the male is very conscious
of his bright plumage, and will keep out of sight as much
as possible, while the brown females and immature males hop
round in full view, the full-plumaged males having slipped
away close to the ground, and they are next seen flying
to cover some distance off. This will be repeated many times
if the birds be followed up.

Total length. Expanse of wings. ~
September 12 3 136 mm. 150 mm.
September 14 Bin; 130 mm. 140 mm.
September 26 3 130 mm. 150 mm.
October 4... 3S 130 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 3 127 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 3d 127 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 fe) 130 mm. 152 mm.

LEGGEORNIS LAMBERTI ASSIMILIS, North
(Purple-backed Wren).

Only twice were these birds met with, and each time a
small party was seen in Old Man Saltbush (Atriplex
nummilaria). Upon comparison with birds nearer the coast
httle or no variation can be found.

Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 17 é 127 mm. 142 mm.

October 10 ... 3 124 mm. 152 mm.

460

Family ARTAMIDAE.
ARTAMUS LEUCORHYNCHUS LEUCOPYGIALIS, Gould
(White-rumped Wood-Swallow).

These birds were met with along the flooded area of the
Cooper, and there is little doubt they were nesting there at
the time of our visit. Upon one occasion a bird was seen
to come from an old mud nest of Grallina cyanoleuca,,
Latham.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 3 174 mm. 368 mm.
September 30 3 174 mm. 368 mm.

CAMPBELLORNIS PERSONATUS MUNNA, Mathews
(Masked Wood-Swallow).
While travelling up the Strzelecki Creek a very large
flock of these birds was seen. They were evidently migrating
prior to nesting.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 24 3 224 mm. 343 mm.
September 24 Bi 205 mm. 343 mm.
September 24 3 202 mm. 361 mm.
September 24 3 205 mm. 355 mm.
September 24 Q - 200 mm. 361 mm.

CAMPBELLORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Gould
(White-browed Wood-Swallow).
A few birds were in company of the above species.
Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 24 3 205 mm. 343 mm.

AUSTRARTAMUS MELANOPS, Gould (Black-faced Wood-Swallow).
Pie xxxi oe Ale

After teaving Farina specimens were taken in the type
locality, for my father, the late Samuel White, collected the
type at Saint A’Becket Pool, a little south of Farina, on
August 23, 1863. It was described by Gould in Proceedings
Zool. Soc., 1865. He also gave a beautiful illustration
of this bird in his folio work. We met with these birds all
through the country. They were nesting in many places.
The nest was placed in a mulga tree as a rule, and composed
mostly of a small flowering plant, Gnephosis eriocarpa, the
flower-heads and stems being intertwined in a most artistic
fashion, and lined with brown rootlets, the usual clutch of
egos being three. When approaching the nest the birds

would fly overhead and swoop down at times, snapping their

461

mandibles together with much force.

Total length.

Expanse of wings.

September 12 Q 183 mm. 355 mm.
September 15 3 177 mm. 352 mm.
September 18 3 186 mm. 343 mm.
September 20 3 190 mm. 369 mm.
September 24 3 177 mm. 345 mm.
October 4 Q 177 mm. 352 mm.

Family PRIONOPIDAE.
COLLURICINCLA, sp. (?).

A bird was heard calling on the opposite side of the
Cooper to which we were encamped at Cuttapirie Corner.
No specimens being taken, it was impossible to say to which
species it belonged.

GRALLINA CYANOLEUCA, Latham (Magpie Lark).

These birds were often met with along the Cooper, and
their mud nests seen on the branches of gum trees over-
hanging the water.

Family LANIIDAE.
GYMNORHINA TIBICEN, Latham (Black-backed Magpie).

These birds were more numerous than G. hypoleuca, and
were found all through the country. The two species were
not seen together. Found nesting in October: one nest
constructed of fine sticks and neatly lined with brown fibrous
rootlets. The eggs, as well as those of the white-backed
species, vary very much in colouration.

GYMNORHINA HYPOLEUCA LEUCONOTA, Gould
(White-backed Magpie).

These birds were observed in twos and threes until the
Strzelecki Creek was reached; then they disappeared.

OREOICA CRISTATA CLELANDI, Mathews
(Southern Crested Bell-Bird).

I was much surprised not to find these birds more
numerous, for much of the country travelled through is
similar to that found farther north, where I have met with
these birds in great numbers. Once or twice their strange
call was heard and a few birds seen.
Total length.

220 mm.

Expanse of wings.

September 24 3 343 mm.

462

Family PARIDAE.
APHELOCEPHALA LEUCOPSIS, Gould (Whiteface).
These birds were scattered all over the country visited.
Specimens taken agree with the more southern form, and do
not show any signs of the rufous flanks of A. 1. whiter and
are darker on the upper-surface than the last-mentioned bird.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 20 a 120 mm. 190 mm.
September 20 3 120 mm. 190 mm.
September 22 Q 111 mm. 183 mm.

APHELOCEPHALA NIGRICINCTA, North
(Black-banded Whiteface).

The meeting with this bird has extended its known range
considerably. The type locality was Missionary Plains,
MacDonnell Ranges. In 1914 I recorded this bird as far
south as Oodnadatta, but this latest record shows they occur
several hundreds of miles further south. The species was met
with in small parties in the sandhill country, and from the
Strzelecki Creek, in the same class of country, and from the
Cooper. Upon comparing the skins taken with those from
further north, no difference can be seen.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 Q 102 mm. 177 mm.
October 15 ... Q 115 mm. 161 mm.

SPHENOSTOMA CRISTATUM PALLIDUM, Mathews
(Pale Wedgebill).

These strange birds were not plentiful, and were very shy.
Generally met with in the dense bushes of lignum (JM/uehlen-
heckia Cunninghamu), growing in dry watercourses and on
flooded ground. They kept very close to cover, and when
beaten out showed great cleverness in reaching cover again
without giving a chance of a shot. They possess a very sweet
song, and if they think they are not observed, will go through
all kinds of antics, hopping from one twig to another, hanging
with head downwards, bobbing the head up and down, raising
and lowering the crest, and all the time giving forth strange
notes. The birds taken were remarkably pale in colouration,
and differ much from those found nearer the coast. |

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 3 208 mm. 256 mm.
September 27 Q 195 mm. 253 mm.
September 27 ot 215 mm. 253 mm.

a —(imm.) 195 mm. 245 mm.

463

Family CERTHIIDAE.
CLIMACTERIS: WAITEI, S. A. White (“Emu,” xvi., 1917, p. 168)
(Cooper Creek Tree-Creeper).

This new bird was met with in the vicinity of “Burke’s
Tree,’’ and the type specimen was procured within a few
yards of that historic tree. They were found to extend down
the Cooper as far as the flood-waters had reached, but as soon
as the water disappeared so did these birds. In habits they
resemble other members of the genus. They were moving
about in small parties, hopping up the stems of the box
trees, peering into every crevice and hole in search of insect
life. Many full-fledged young were accompanying the parent
birds. Their advanced plumage suggested that the birds had
nested early in the season, most likely in June or July.

' Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 30 Q 155 mm. 266' mm.
October 2... Q 170 mm. 275 mm.
October 2. ... é 165 mm. 284 mm.

Family DICAEIDAB.

~ AUSTRODICAEUM HIRUNDINACEUM, Shaw and Nodder
(Mistletoe Bird).

The unmistakable call of this strange bird was heard
several times. and it was once seen when the berries of the
Loranthus had ripened.

PaRDALOTUS RUBRICATUS, Gould (Red-browed Pardalote).

These birds were not met with until we were well down
the Cooper, and then they were found in the box trees
growing on flooded ground. The specimens taken showed much
more brown on the rump in comparison with specimens taken
further north.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 5... Q 102 mm. 202 mm.
October 10 ... 3 117 mm. 202 mm.

This bird has a note very distinctive from other members
of the genus.

PARDOLOTINUS STRIATUS SUBAFFINIS, Mathews
(South Australian Pardalote).

These birds were met with soon after leaving Mount
Lyndhurst, but their place was taken later on by the

464

preceding species. Specimens taken show a very close
resemblance to birds collected in the Gawler Ranges.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 14 3 115 mm. 202 mm.
September 15 3 108 mm. 190 mm.

Family MELIPHAGIDAE.
CERTHIONYX VARIEGATUS, Lesson (Pied Honey-eater).
Ph xxxigeies 2?

These honey-eaters were met with in the sandy country
along the Strzelecki.Creek. They were breeding at the time
we were there. The nest is neatly constructed of dry grasses
and rootlets, suspended in the overhanging foliage of acacia
trees. The general clutch is three eggs. Each egg is covered
with small brown spots on a light ground. The birds are most
conspicuous owing to their erratic flight—they twist and turn,
shoot upwards, then down, will often turn sharp round and
return to where they started from. Wherever the Hremophila
bushes were in flower these birds were sure to be found.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 3 180 mm. 269 mm.
September 18 Q 180 mm. 269 mm.
September 24 3 174 mm. 253 mm.

MELIPHAGA sonoRA, Gould (Southern Singing Honey-eater).

They were met with several times during the expedition,
but nowhere common. ‘
Total length. Expanse of wings.

September 12 3 195 mm. 278 mm.

PTILOTULA PENICILLATA LEILAVALENSIS, North
(Cloncurry White-plumed Honey-eater).

These birds were met with from Farina to Innamincka,
and almost throughout the return journey. Innamincka
being the nearest point to Cloncurry, the type locality from
which I have taken specimens, it can be understood that one
would expect these birds to be very light in colouration. Upon
comparison it is found that the Central Australian birds are
of a much lighter tone all over than those taken upon this
trip.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 13 — 174 mm. 267 mm.
September 23 3 170 mm. 240 mm.
September 25 fe) 155 mm. — 240 mm.
October 2... 3 170 mm. 262. mm.
October 18 ... 3 174 mm. 259 mm.

465

MyZANTHA FLAVIGULA, Gould (Yellow-throated Minah).
This bird has a great range, being found all over the
central districts. During the expedition they were found
wherever there was water, moving about in small parties
from three to a dozen, calling loudly. They are very
pugnacious birds, and not only fight with their own kind, but
attack all other birds, regardless of size.
Total length. Expanse of wings.

October 10 ... 3 253 mm. 38] mm.

ACANTHOGENYS RUFOGULARIS CYGNUS, Mathews
(Southern Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater).

Nearly always found in the flowering Hremophila bushes,
and attract attention ‘by their strange guttural notes.

Family MOTACILLIDAE.
ANTHUS AUSTRALIS, Vieillot (Australian Pipit).

These birds were seen all through the country visited.
They varied much in colouration from a warm brown to dark
birds, resembling those found near the coast.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 180 mm. 278 mm.
September 12 — 174 mm. 250 mm.
September 13 Q 155 mm. . 266 mm.

Family PLOCEIDAE.
TAENIOPYGIA CASTANOTIS, Gould (Chestnut-eared Finch).
No bird has a wider range over the interior of Australia
or 18 more numerous than this one. Specimens show ne
variation in colour. A nest containing six eggs was found
near Mungeranie on October 14.

Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 d 115 mm. 174 mm.
October 4... Q 108 mm. 177 mm.
October 4... d 108 mm. 186 mm.

Family CORVIDAE.
CoRVUS CORONOIDES PERPLEXUS, Mathews (Southern Raven).
Seen all through the country traversed by the expedition.
They were not plentiful away from the stations. Found
mesting throughout the months of September and October;
large young fresh eggs seen during those months.
Total leneth. Expanse of wings.

September 14 3 457 mm. 877 mm.

466

(1) STOMACH CONTENTS OF BIRDS.
By Artuur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum]

Many stomach were preserved, but unfortunately only
about half of them were labelled; the others had the labels
either detached or obliterated by the violent jolting to which
all camel-borne material is subjected. For the identification
of the seed contents we have to thank Mr. H. W. Andrew.
The mammalian remains were identified by Mr. E. R. Waite,
and the reptihan remains by Mr. F. R. Zietz.

In the following lst only the technical names of the birds
are given; they are in the same sequence as in the preceding
paper (h)-—

Austroturmz v. velox.—Small caterpillar; three thin
reddish-yellow seeds and some vegetable matter; fine grit.

Peltohyas australis.—(1) Head of small water beetle;
many minute fragments of insects, mostly of minute weevils ;
some small grit. (2) As in first stomach, except that there
were no remains of a water beetle. (3) Fragments of weevils,
as in two first stomachs; minute water beetle (Bidessus
bistrigatus); small grit. (4) Two caterpillars; small weevil
(Elaeagna squamibunda); a few other fragments of minute
insects ; vegetable matter (probably small galls) ; small pebble
grit. (5) Numerous bits of scorpion; fine pebble grit. (6)
Numerous caterpillars of several sorts; heads, etc., of
ichneumon wasps; some very fine grit.

Myola pacifica..—Abdomen distended with a fresh water
crustacean (Apus australiensis); many water beetles (Hretes
australis) and bits of others; bits of ground beetle (Phortv-
cosomus grandis ).

Milvus korschun affinis.—(1) Bits of lizard (Amphibo-
lurus or Tympanocryptus); numerous heads and other frag-
ments of ants. (2) Bits of two kinds of lizards (Lygosoma
lesueurii, and as in first stomach); several small feathers ;
numerous large caterpillars and several small ones; bits of
green beetle (Calosoma schayert); bits of weevil (Leptops).

Hieracoglaux connivens.—Bones and stomach of small
bird ; bits of small lizard (A mphibolurus or Tympanocry ptus ).

Tyto alba delicatula.—Two small mammals (Smnthopsis
crassicaudata ).

467

Barnardius barnardi whitei.—Large caterpillar and a
small one; bits of large grasshopper (Choryphistes); bits of
small insects; fine grit.

Northiella haematogaster pallescens.—(Crop) Vegetable
matter, numerous pear-shaped seeds of Hnchylaena tomentosa;
bits of charcoal. (Stomach) Vegetable matter and seeds as
in crop; bits of charcoal.

Podargus strigoides.—Several thin feathers; animal
matter; bits of night-flying moths; forceps of earwig: head
of soldier of small ant (Pheidole); head of stink beetle
(Tenebriomdae); bits of large spider; worm(?): numerous
flat. yellow seeds; very fine grit.

Lalage tricolor.—Three heads and other fragments of
small crickets; leg of small beetle: many other fragments of
insects.

Samuela cinnamomea.—(1) Numerous thin red seeds;
small yellow seed: granulated seeds of a saltbush (Cheno-
podiaceae); fine grit. (2) Head of small weevil ( Leptops)
and bits of others; many other fragments of insects: vege-
table matter; angular black seed (Ihagodia); some broken
seeds. (3) Head of March fly; young grasshopver: several
small spiders and bits of others, some worm-like objects:
vegetable matter; numerous seeds of a saltbush, as in first
stomach; undetermined seed: small pebble grit.

Pomatostomus ruficeps.—(1) Abdomen distended with
numerous caterpillars of several sorts. (2) Several large
caterpillars; bits of cockroach (Hpilampra). (3) Numerous
caterpillars; head of ground beetle (Phorticosomus grandis);
pebble grit.

Parepthianura_ tricolor.—(1) Numerous fragments of
small moths. (2) Many minute caterpillars; head of grass
bug; numerous fragments of jassid bugs; heads, etc., of
chinch bugs (Vysius vinitor); many other minute fragments
of insects. (3) Numerous small caterpillars; small grass
bugs ;. fragments of minute chinch bugs; many other frag-
ments of minute insects. (4) Head of small moth: small
psyllid bug; chinch bug (Nysews vinitor) and bits of many
others; many other fragments of very minute insects.

Hallorms cyanotus.—Bits of small bees; many other very
minute fragments of insects, mostly of ants.

Leggeornis lamberti assimilis.—Many small _ weevils
(Polyphrades); small weevil (Bagous); small flower beetle
(Formicomus quadrmaculatus); many other fragments of
insects.

468

Artamus leucorhynchus leucopygialis.—Large dragon fly ;
water-boatman bug; heads, etc., of green-head ant (Xcta-
tomma metalheum); many other fragments of insects.

Campbellorns personatus munna.—(1) Stomach dis-
tended with bits of flying white ants; bits of green-head ant
(Hetatomma metallicum). (2) Abdomen similarly distended
with flying white ants; numerous heads of soldiers of small
ants (Pherdole); bits of green-head ant. (3) Abdomen simi-
larly distended with flying white ants; numerous heads of
soldiers of small ants (Pheidole), and bits of other small
ants.) (4) Three small caterpillars; bits of psyllid scales;
bits of small ants; many other fragments of insects.

Austrartamus melanops.—(1) Leg of small weevil; a few
other fragments of insects; numerous small black seeds of a
saltbush (Rhagodia) and some slightly larger undetermined
seeds; fine grit. (2) Vegetable matter; same kinds of seeds
as in first stomach; fine charcoal and grit. (3) Small moth;
head of small weevil; many other fragments of insects. (4)
Bits of several grasshoppers. (5) Robber fly (A sildae); small
winged grasshopper.

A phelocephala leucopsis.—Several small caterpillars ; bits
of spiders and fragments of minute insects ; vegetable matter ;
seven saltbush seeds (Chenopodiaceae); fine grit.

A phelocephala nigricincta.—Head, etc., of ichneumon
wasp; bits of small weevils (Polyphrades or Hssolithna);
many other fragments of insects.

Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum.—(1) Small caterpillar ;
a few bits of weevils; seven thin reddish seeds; three
periwinkle-like seeds of Hnchylaena tomentosa; many small
angular seeds of a saltbush (Chenopodiaceae); much fine grit.
(2) A few bits of insects and spiders; vegetable matter ;
numerous brown ribbed seeds (Polygonaceae); two small salt-
bush seeds (Rhagodia), and seed of another species of
Rhagodia; some fine grit. (3) Vegetable matter; numerous
. undetermined seeds of one kind; scraps of charcoal and fine
grit. (4) Several kinds of seeds, including those of a saltbush
(Rhagodia); fine grit. (5) Leg of a small weevil; a few
bits of heteropterous insects; vegetable matter; one seed
(Polygonaceae); namerous undetermined seeds of another
kind ; fine grit.

Pardalotus rubricatus.—Remarkable head of hymenop-
terous insect; head of small bee; minute spider and bits of
many others; many other fragments of insects; worm-like
object.

(1) There were probably remains of several hundreds of flying
white ants in each of the first three stomachs examined.

469

()) LACERTILIA.
By F. R. Zievz.
[Contribution from the South Australian Musewm.|

The collection comprises thirteen species, all of which
have a wide distribution and are usually met with in the
arid interior. Some species vary very considerably both in
colour and markings, such colour variations being clearly
an adaptation to environment. Specimens of 7'ympanocryptis
lineata, for example, taken on the red gibber country,
resemble the colour of the rocks and stones so closely that
members of the Expedition found difficulty in locating the
lizards until they moved. Those obtained on other ground
were likewise tinted according to their surroundings. The
specimen of Hyerma whitw is also reddish-brown above, which
colour harmonizes with the red sand country where it was
found. Field notes made by Mr. Waite are appended within
brackets to the species in respect to which they refer.

GECKONIDAE.
HETERONOTA BYNOEI, Gray.

The larger of two specimens from Killalpaninna,
apparently a male, having four praeanal pores, is very pale
in colour. The upper-surface of the head is creamy-white,
the body and limbs of a similar ground-colour, covered with
minute brown spots, which give rise to faint markings where
they are more numerous and denser. A brown band extends
across the shoulders, and faint irregular markings are scat-
tered over the sides of the head and the upper-surface of
‘the body and limbs.

In the smaller specimen from the same locality the prae-
anal pores are absent, and like the remainder has alternate
whitish and dark-brown transverse bands on the upper-surface
of the body and tail.

In all the five specimens collected, the tubercles on the
upper-surface are arranged in regular longitudinal rows.

GEHYRA VARIEGATA, D. and B.

The fourteen specimens collected are all of a grey ground-
colour with dark and light markings. Some have irregular
narrow blackish transverse bands, margined posteriorly with
a white line or row of white dots. One specimen from Cooper

* 470

Creek has five to six interrupted black longitudinal lines
extending from the snout to the base of the tail.

PYGOPODIDAE.

LIALIS BURTONII, Gray.

Only one specimen of this species was collected ; it agrees’
well with variety Ea of Boulenger.

AGAMIDAE.
AMPHIBOLURUS RETICULATUS, Gray.
The only specimen collected is immature and with an

incomplete tail. It has sixteen femoral pores, and agrees in
every other respect with the type.

AMPHIBOLURUS PICTUS, Peters.

A male and female were collected at the Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka. They are both in nuptial colouration, agree-
ing well with the description and coloured illustration by
Lucas and Frost.“) The male has forty-two praeanal and
femoral pores.

AMPHIBOLURUS BARBATUS, Cuvier.
One immature specimen was collected at Cooper Creek
It was found on light-coloured sandhill country, which
accounts for its pale colouration.

TYMPANOCRYPTIS LINEATA, Peters.

One of the fourteen specimens collected, agrees with
Peters’ type, the others have the majority of the head and
body scales smooth and only a few scattered and enlarged
occipital and dorsal scales strongly mucronate and spinose ;
the scales of the limbs and tail are strongly keeled. These
specimens are referable to 7. cephalus, Ginther. Most of
them are more or less reddish, which harmonizes with the
colour of the ground where they occur.

DIPOROPHORA AUSTRALIS, Steind.

An immature specimen was collected. The tail had been
torn off and one hindleg is missing. Apparently it had been
captured by a hawk.

VARANIDAE.
VARANUS GOULDII, Gray.

Four specimens were collected ; all are of typical structure

and markings.

(1) ee aatl Prost eaitee! Horn Hixped.,. digg eoe0,.cpiudeet,
pl. x, ne, 10,

471

|This species was commonly met with in the sandhill
districts ; it tunnels not only in search of lizards, spiders, and
insects, but constructs burrows for its own protection. At
one place, where the sand was especially hard, I found that
a “‘goana’’ had contented itself with making a shallow excava-
tion in the side of a bank, in which it lay, its curved hard
tail drawn across the opening, doubtless as a barrier against
possible enemies. Though these reptiles are quick enough
when actually chased they are not readily alarmed, and
impudently stand their ground. On one occasion I saw a
goana seated at the mouth of a rabbit burrow in an upright
position watching the passing of the camel team thirty yards
distant. Being mounted, and having only a 410 gun, I
signalled to one of the party afoot. Mistaking the object, he
fired at a stick 6 feet distant from the lizard, but it moved
never a muscle, notwithstanding the loud report from the
12 bore. It took me a couple of minutes to swing round and
get within range, when I shot it with the smal] gun. |

SCINCIDAE.

EGERNIA WHITII, Lacép.

Only one specimen was collected near Tinga-tingana. It
is typical in structure, and agrees well with specimen “6” of
Lucas and Frost.(2) Scales in thirty-four rows around the
body. On examining the type and co-types of Hgernia
kintorer, S. and Z.,) I find that species to be identical with
this variety.

{Very common on the sandhills on Strzelecki Creek. This
lizard makes a circular burrow, within 6 inches of the surface,
sometimes to a distance of 5 feet; the burrow terminates in
an enlarged chamber, wherein the lizard was found coiled
up. A second opening was sometimes connected with the
burrow. |

TRACHYSAURUS RUGOSUS, Gray.

Two specimens were collected. One is dark olive-brown
with six indistinct transverse yellow bands; they become
broader and brighter on the sides of the body, where they
bifurcate and form narrow transverse bands on the under-
surface.

The other specimen is very pale brown in colour, with
yellow markings as in the above. It has a large dark-brown
blotch on each scale of the two vertebral series, extending
eirom the shoulders to the base of the tail.

(2) Lucas and Frost: ante, p. 139.

(3) Stirling and A. Zietz: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., xvi
1893; pS t7t.:

eZ

472

LYGOSOMA TAENIOLATA, Shaw.

Two specimens referable to this species were collected.
The one from Killalpaninna is identical with ZL. lesweurii,
D. and B.; the other, from near Innamincka, agrees with
L. strauchu, Blgr., excepting that the sixth and seventh
instead of the fourth and fifth upper labials are subocular.
On examining a large series of these lizards from various
localities, I agree with Lucas and Frost,“ that they are
varieties of one species; but they should be subscribed to
L. taeniolata, Shaw, instead of LZ. lesweurt, Blgr.©

ABLEPHARUS BOUTONII, Gray.

Two specimens were collected ; they agree in all respects
with the description of the type. One was obtained at
Cooper Creek, and the other on the Strzelecki Creek, near
Innamincka.

(:) PISCES.

By Autuan R. McCuttocn, Zoologist, Australian Museum,
and
Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director, South Australian
Museum. )

Family THERAPONIDAE.

THERAPON WELCHI, Nn. sp.
hfe I

Dy xa (2) 12s: Are ain. 20) BiG ease 10). CoS ay
nine rows of scales below the lateral line between its origin
and the hypural joint, and 67 above it; 10 scales between
the lateral line and the base of the median dorsal spines.
Cheek scales in six rows.

Depth 3°2 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°6
in the same. Eye 57 in the head, and 1°7 in the snout,
which is 3°3 in the head. Interorbital width 4°07 in the head.
Fifth dorsal spine 2°1, second anal spine 2°0, pectoral 15, and
ventral 1°5 in the head.

Body rather long, compressed, the upper and lower pro-
files almost evenly arched. Snout pointed, the profile from

(4) Trees and Frost: ante, p. 113.

(5)Shaw: White’s Journ. N.S. Wales, 1790, p. 245, pl. xxxii.,
fig. 1.
(6) Dum. and Bibr.: Hrpét. géen., v., 1839, p. 733.

“473

its tip to the nape almost straight and thence slightly arched
to the dorsal fin. Interorbital space almost flat; a few obtuse
bony ridges on the posterior part of the cranium. Upper
jaw slightly longer than the lower; maxillary reaching to
below the hinder nostril, its posterior margin obliquely trun-
cate and exposed. Eye rather small, much shorter than the
snout, which is a little longer than the interorbital width.
Nostrils separated by a space equal to their own diameter,
with free cutaneous margins. Preorbital bone denticulate
posteriorly. Preoperculum evenly denticulate, the denticles
largest on the rounded angle. Operculum with two spines,
the lower of which is the longer, and attains the margin of
the opercular lobe. Suprascapular and coracoid bones ex-
posed, and weakly denticulate.

Kach jaw with a band of minute teeth, the outer ones
slightly enlarged, subcardiform, and slightly depressible.
Vomer and palatines toothless. Scales largest on the anterior
portion of the sides, smallest on the breast.

<

‘ AA afas (ed Pr

= SS Mh, We ME ee Conca
SSS He ‘ COE EEOC COOL et
SS BARES etna sate HE CE SCL CCEE et Keep MS,
"9h 4H COE ox EEE MOE KM OAK CEE
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O-
CEL
F772 suis Ki SOM ( ; =
Si ve ia =
Y Ss ie te oh (Abe
ZI ALEE Es (4 -— 4 Ss

Pic. “1

Dorsal spines rather slender, the fifth longest, and the

following decreasing backward to the last. Second anal spine
much longer and stronger than the third, but shorter than
the anterior rays. Pectoral obtusely pointed above, the fifth
upper ray longest. Ventral inserted just before the vertical
of the first dorsal spine, and reaching about half its distance
from the vent. The caudal is much damaged, and the soft
portions of the dorsal and anal are so firmly adpressed that
their exact form cannot be satisfactorily determined. The
first dorsal spine also is lacking.
. Colour.—Apparently olive-green above and silvery below,
the base of each scale with a small dark spot which combines
with its fellows to form indefinite rows along the scale series.
Fins without definite markings.

474

Described from a specimen 206 mm. long from the snout
to the hypural joint. It is allied to T. bidyana, but is
readily distinguished from that species by its much larger
scales. The only other species with which it need be com-
pared is JT. hillii, which, however, has 13 dorsal spines and
is less elongate.

Loc.—Cooper Creek, near Innamincka, October 3, 1916.
Caught with hook and line.

With this species I have associated the memory of my
old friend, Edwin J. Welch, who was second in command and
surveyor of the Burke and Wills relief party, under A. W.
Howitt, 1861 (see page 420 of this vol.)—E. R. W.

THERAPON BARCOO, 0. sp.
Hig..2;
D). xin. 12 5* Al ae 085 Ox ie eno Ni ano. Sexmey
rows of scales below the lateral line between its origin and the

ae
COOEE es
SSO COGCCCCOEOC
SS BLOG OLLLMEERS
SOLACE CG bd EM COCCEECE CCC CGE
ALAAAARAS OADM AMA OA MAMOPOTOLLL
edb EE COE LEE
} CM EEC EEC ECC CC CMEECEER
; (OCEGCCGGG ANKE AAAAALAA OIE
7 NEEM EIS the
: 4 COE OG EEEEEC CECE ( (GEE
= u CE EEE OMG OCC SE OK
SSS eae i ARSC GCC EME. UG Geet
SSS oe CE EE OC CUM (CEG EE TEE a
S= aie Rats tea e COUN CCC HEE IO Oh AG eee by
SSSI yy ie Dtanen VERON CU UNE Ec EC NS -
SS ‘K SB Becta U et COEEEL CE (UAE ee
ZEEE LLCO EUEEC CUCU CORE
BBB EHEC OC (OEE KCEUECEEEES MV
- ) COLECU CU EYEE
ZCAAX—”2 a EC Lenten fe AES
SEL CECE E
( GF

ld
aay

Fig. 2.

hypural joint, and 82 above it; 12 scales between the lateral
line and the base of the median dorsal] spines. Cheek scales
in 7-8 rows.

Depth 2°1 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°2
in the same. Eye 48 in the head, and 12 in the snout,
which is 3°7 in the head. Eye 1°5 in the interorbital space,
which is 3'1 in the head. Fifth dorsal spine 2°0, second anal
spine 2°2, pectoral 1°6, and ventral 1°5 in the head.

Body rather deep, compressed, the upper and lower pro-
files almost evenly arched. Snout pointed. Head almost flat
above, the profile slightly arched from the nape to the dorsal

475

fin; interorbital space flat and broad; a few obscure bony
ridges on the hinder part of the cranium. Jaws of equal
length ; maxillary reaching to behind the posterior nostril,
its hinder margin obliquely truncate and exposed. Eye
rather small, a little shorter than the snout and much nar-
rower than the interorbital space. Nostrils separated by a
space slightly wider than their own diameter, with free
cutaneous margins. Preorbital bone denticulate posteriorly.
Preoperculum denticulate, the denticles largest on the rounded
angle. Operculum with two spines, the lower the larger and
not reaching the margin of the lobe. Suprascapular and
coracoid bones exposed and feebly serrated.

Each jaw with a band of minute teeth, the outer ones a
little enlarged, subcardiform, and slightly depressible. Vomer
with three or four small teeth in the middle, the palate other-
wise toothless. Scales largest on the anterior portion of the
sides, smallest on the breast.

Spinous dorsal arched, the fifth spine the longest, the
following decreasing evenly backward; soft dorsal somewhat
rounded. Second anal spine a little longer than the third,
and almost as long as the anterior rays. Pectoral obtusely
pointed above, the fifth upper ray longest. Ventrals inserted
behind the vertical of the first dorsal spine, and reaching a
little more than half their distance from the vent. Caudal
emarginate.

Described from a specimen 140 mm. long, which is com-
pletely bleached after long preservation in alcohol. It is
allied to 7. Aillii, from which it differs principally in its broad
- form and in having only eight anal rays; its scales also are
rather smaller than in that species.

Loc.—Cooper Creek or “Barcoo,” Central Australia.

Old collection, S.A. Museum.

(1) CRUSTACEA.

By Cuarvtes Cuitton, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., C.M., LL.D.,
F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Professor of Biology,
Canterbury College, New Zealand.

In his expedition to the interior of Australia in 1916
Mr. Edgar R. Waite collected a few Crustacea, which he
has kindly handed over to me for examination. The col-
lection is small, both in species and individuals, containing
only two terrestrial Isopoda, two species of Phyllopoda, and
one Copepod.

476

In addition to these, however, Mr. Waite also forwarded
a few additional Crustacea collected by Capt. 8S. A. White in
an expedition to the north-west corner of South Australia in
1914.0 This collection does not contain any of those repre-
sented in Mr. Waite’s, but there are in it two other
Phyllopods that I have been able to identify. There are also
some specimens, mostly dried, of two Ostracods and one
Daphnid, but these I have not attempted to name.

All the Phyllopods belong to species already known, but
the distribution of one or two is now somewhat extended by
the record of their occurrence in Central Australia; they are,
however, all species widely distributed in Australia.

Among the specimens of Hstheria packardi from Cooper
Creek I found two examples of a Copepod belonging to the
genus Boeckella. Both were males showing the last pair of legs
prehensile and terminating in a long, movable claw in the
manner characteristic for the genus. The antennae are very
similar to those of Boeckella triarticulata, the typical species
from New Zealand, which has also been recorded from Aus-
tralia by Sars. Other species of the genus have been described
by Sars and by G. W. Smith ® from Australia and Tasmania,
and I do not feel justified in identifying my two specimens
specifically, but the occurrence of the genus in Central Aus-
tralia is worthy of record.

These freshwater Crustacea can, of course, be obtained
only when the waterholes contain water; after rain they
hatch out, often with great rapidity, from eggs previously
deposited in the dried mud. If future collectors would bring
back portions of the dried mud from the waterholes, it would
be possible to hatch out the Crustacea and study them in
the laboratory, as Sars has done those from New Zealand,
Australia, and other parts of the world. This would be easier
and more-likely to lead to the discovery of new forms than
trying to collect the animals on the rare occasions when the
explorer finds the pools are full after rain.

I have been unable to identify the two terrestrial
Isopoda with any of those previously described, and have
therefore described them as new species. This, however, is
somewhat uncertain, because the species of terrestrial Isopoda
are extremely difficult to distinguish, and it is quite possible
that one of them, at any rate, may be identical with one
of the many species described by Budde-Lund; without
having actual specimens for comparison it 1s, however, very
difficult to decide. If I am right in referring the first Isopod

(1) Tene: Roy. hee S. Aueiapesxxix., 1915 op. e707:

(2)G. W. Smith: The Freshwater Cancences of Tasmania,
Trans. Linn: Soc., (2), xi., 1909, p. 85.

A477

to the genus or subgenus Hemuporcellio, it would appear to
show some relationship to the species described from India

- by Dr. Collinge. The terrestrial Isopoda of Australia, how-

ever, are only very imperfectly known, and it is therefore
not safe to make any definite statements as to their dis-
tribution.

The following is a list of the species in the two col-
lections, with descriptions and notes where required : —

ISOPODA.

HEMIPORCELLIO STRZELECKI, n. sp.
Figs. 1-6.

Loc.--Strzelecki Creek, 2 specimens.

Of these two specimens one is a male with body 6 mm.
long and 2°25 broad; the other is female with body 5 mm.
long and 2°5 mm. broad, being thus rather broader in pro-
portion than the male. It is, however, very imperfect, per-
haps crushed, and has lost the antennae, most of the legs,
and the uropods, but portions of the brood plates and eggs
are still present. I should have hesitated very much to
describe a new species on such insufficient specimens, but the
male is quite perfect and, on the whole, agrees so closely with
the species from India for which Collinge established the
genus, Hemiporcellio, that I have ventured to give the speci-
mens a name; the description, however, must be considered
to be provisional only.

Specific diagnosis.—Body oblong-oval, head and two or
three anterior segments of peraeon with some irregular
rounded tuberculations, the posterior segments and pleon
almost smooth, the whole surface of body and antennae and
uropods covered with fine setae. Head with lateral lobes
broad, median lobe rounded anteriorly, depressed below the
more posterior part of the head, which is covered with rounded
tubercles. Antennae with distinct carination on the fifth
joint of the peduncle, flagellum 2-jointed, proximal joint
about half as long as the distal. First pair of legs short,
having the inner margin of the carpus thickly covered with
short setae, most of which end in two or three points; merus
also bearing similar setae though not so numerous; propod
with two or three stout ordinary setae towards the distal end.
The second and third pairs of legs show similar setae, but
they are less numerous than in the first. Segments of
peraeon only slightly convex, posterior margin of the first
sinuate, so that the posterior angle of the side-plate is slightly
produced ; side-plates of the remaining segments becoming
more acute posteriorly. Pleon not narrower than peraeon,

Hemiporcellio strzelecki._l, Head, from above; 2, antenna;
3, first leg of male; 4, seventh leg of same; 5, pleon (less highly
magnified than the other figures); 6, uropod.

Cubaris claytonensis.—7, Under-surface of head and of first
and second segments of peraeon.

479

side-plates of segments 3, 4, and 5 large, their outer margin
being continuous with that of the peraeon ; terminal segment
narrow, triangular with sides slightly concave and reaching
well beyond the peduncle of uropods, and about as far as the
extremity of the inner branch. Uropod with basal joint
broad, grooved externally: exopod narrow, conical, about as
long as the terminal segment: endopod reaching half-way
along the exopod and ending in two or three small setae.

Colour.—Light brown with marblings and median stripe
of dark brown.

Remarks.—In the general shape of the body, in the
carination of the antennae, the setae on the anterior legs
of the male, and in the triangular terminal segment this
species agrees well with the Indian species of the genus; on
the whole, it seems perhaps to come nearest to H. hispidus,
Collinge, with which it agrees in the proportions of the joints
of the flagellum of the antennae and in the general covering
of the body, but it differs from that species in having the
median lobe of the head distinctly produced and convex, and
also in having the terminal segment longer and narrower.

_ CUBARIS CLAYTONENSIS, n. sp.
Fic. 7.

Locs.—Clayton Creek, 2 specimens; Higgins Dam, 1
specimen.

Specific diwgnosis.—Ovai, strongly convex, whole surface
minutely granular, head and lateral portions of anterior seg-
ments of peraeon with a few larger granular markings. Head
much broader than long, frontal ridge not produced above
the dorsal surface of the head and slightly emarginate in the
centre. Epimeral plates of first segment very large, reaching
to the anterior margin of the head: lower margin turned
outward anteriorly so as to become almost horizontal; pos-
teriorly it is split, inner tooth much smaller and shorter than
the outer; epimeron of second segment with tooth on the
inner surface near its anterior margin. Posterior margin of
first segment straight in centre, but with the epimeral portion
curving backwards. Epimera of segments 2 to 7 well deve-
loped, almost vertical, only sloping slightly outwards. Pleon
with the epimeral portions of segments 3, 4, and 5 largely
developed and fitting into the general outline of the body.
Terminal segment broader than long, narrowed in the middle,
its posterior margin straight and narrower than the anterior
margin.

Antennae normal, slender, the two joints of the flagellum
equal. Uropods with the basal joint longer than broad,
exopod very small, inserted in a slight notch about the middle

480

of the inner margin and not reaching to the posterior margin ;
endopod very small and short, almost knob-like, reaching only
a very slight distance beyond the base.

Colour.—Dark slatish with lhght-brown markings along
the lateral and hind margins of the segments.

Length.—-About 15 mm.

Remarks.—I describe this species with considerable hesi-
tation. In general size, surface of body, etc., it resembles
C’. montivagus (Budde-Lund), which is found in the Samoan
Islands, but it differs markedly from that species in colour,
in having the epimeron of the first segment curving outwards
anteriorly, and in having the inner lobe of the split margin
the smailer instead of being the larger, as in C. montivagus.

PHYLLOPODA.

APUS AUSTRALIENSIS, Spencer and Hall.

Apus australiensis, Spencer and Hall: ‘‘Victorian Naturalist,’’
xi1., 1895, .p. 161; Sayee: Proc. Key, -Sec.,,) Vict. 72r., 1902.
p. 241 (with synonymy).

Locs.—Clayton Creek, 5 specimens; Cooper Creek, 1
specimen.

I have little doubt that these specimens belong to the
species named above, which is the only species of the genus
yet known from Australia. According to Spencer and Hall,
specimens from many widely-separated parts all belong to
this species. Sayce gives as the distribution: “Western Aus-
tralia, South Australia, northern areas of New South Wales,
and northern areas of Victoria.”

In the general dimensions and proportions the specimens
agree well with the description given by Spencer and Hall in
their report on the Crustacea of the Horn Expedition, though
according to them there are variations in the dimensions of
considerable extent. Similarly the number of spines on the
different segments show slight differences from their descrip-
tion, but the only difference of any importance I have noticed
is that in the specimens I have examined the carina on the
carapace is smooth and does not end posteriorly in a spine;
Spencer and Hall describe the carina as being “minutely and
irregularly serrated and ending in a spine posteriorly.”

The colour of the specimens examined is olive-green
tending to brown at the edges, along the carina, etc.

ESTHERIA PACKARDI, Brady.

Estheria packardi, Sayce: Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xv., 1903,
p. 250.

Loc.--Cooper Creek, several specimens.

481

These specimens average about 9 mm. in length, and
show little variation in size. They agree well with the
description given by Spencer and Hall and Sayce of this
species, which was collected by them in Central Australia,
and is known also from various other localities in Victoria,
New South Wales, South Australia, etc.

Spencer and Hall divided the species into three varieties,
stating that although the extreme forms of these were clearly
distinct, there were intermediate forms which rendered it
impossible to place them in separate species. The specimens
I have examined come nearest to their variety typica, having
about 24 lines of growth, which bear a few setae, the inter-
spaces being marked by raised lines arranged mostly in a
radiate manner. The colour is a dark chestnut-brown, some-
what lighter near the margins of the shell.

LYNCEUS MACLEAYANA, King.

Lynceus macleayana, Sayce: Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xv., 1903,
p. 258, pl. xxxvi., fig. d.

Locs.—Between Todmorden and Wantapella Swamp,
1 specimen (in spirit), 6 mm. long; rock hole, west of
Carmeena, Everard Range, 10/8/14, 2 specimens, dry, one
5 mm. long, the other smaller.

These specimens are much larger than those referred
below to L. eremia, and in size, shape of shell, etc., appear
to belong to King’s species, which has been recorded from
various places in Victoria and New South Wales, but the
material is so scanty and imperfectly preserved that I am
not certain of the identifieation.

LYNCEUS EREMIA, Spencer and Hall.

Limnetis eremia, Spencer and Hall: Crustacea, Horn Exped.,
ii., 1896, p. 244, figs. 30-32.

Lynceus eremia, Sayce: Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xv., 1903,
p. 208, pl. xxxvi., fic. jf

Locs.—Carmeena, rock hole, Everard Range, 14/8/14,
many specimens; flat rock hole, 30 miles east of Musgrave
Ranges, 16/7/14, several specimens.

These specimens vary somewhat in size, but average
about 4 mm. in length, and in size, colour of shell, structure
of the rostrum, etc., agree with the description given by
Spencer and Hall from specimens collected by them at Cooper
Creek, Central Australia. This is the only locality given by
Sayce in 1903, so that the record of them from the localities
near the Everard and Musgrave Ranges is an extension of
their distribution.

Q

482

COPEPODA.
BoECKELLA, sp.

Two specimens from Cooper Creek found in the tube with
Estheria packard: undoubtedly belong to this genus, but the
material is not sufficient to determine the species with cer-
tainty. The specimens have been already referred to in the
introductory remarks to this paper.

OSTRACODA.

In the collection are dried specimens of two species of
Cypris, or allied genus, from “rock hole, west of Carmeena,
Everard Range,’’ collected by Capt. S. A. White, 10/8/14;
the one is oval in shape, about 2 mm. long, and light brown
in colour, the other is much smaller and greenish in colour.
Other specimens apparently belonging to the first species are
“from flat rock hole, 30 miles east of Musgrave Ranges, Capt.
S. A. White, 24/7/14.’’ In both cases specimens of Lynceus
eremia were present in the same tube.

CLADOCERA.
DAPHNIA, sp.

Dried specimens of a Daphnia with carapace produced
into a long spine similar to that of Daphnia thomsont, Sars,
were found with the Ostracods mentioned above from the
‘“‘rock hole, west of Carmeena, Everard Range.’’ They are
about the same size at D. thomsoni, which is known to occur
in Australia, but in their dried and shrivelled condition a
definite identification is impossible.

(m) ARANEIDA.

By W. J. Rartnspow, Entomologist to the
Australian Museum, Sydney.

Pirate XXXII.

Only seventeen species and one variety were collected,
and of these five are described as new. There is nothing
really remarkable in the specimens collected; indeed, they
bear a close analogy to littoral forms. A few desert species

483

previously recorded by Hogg, Strand, and myself are included
in the material. The list is as follows: —

Family DICTYNIDAE.

AMAUROBIUS AUSTRALIENSIS, Str.
Strand: Zool. Jahrb., 1913, p. 603.
Hab.—Cooper Creek. One specimen.

AMAUROBIUS AUSTRALIENSIS, Str., var. EXSICCATUS, Str.
Strand: op. cit., p. 604.
Hab.—Trinity; Clayton Creek; Devils Village, near
Trinity.
Family DRASSIDAE.
HEMICLOEA LONGIPES, Hogg.
Hogg: Rep. Horn Exped., ii., Zoology, 1896, p. 337.
Hab.—Farina, October, 1916, one male specimen badly
damaged, and one very immature female; Strzelecki Creek,
1 female, adult.
Family ZODARIDAE.

STORENA RASTELLATA, Str.
Strand: Zool. Jahrb., 1913, p. 606.
Hab.—Strzelecki Creek, 1 immature male.

Family THERIDIIDAE.

THERIDION ASBOLODES, ‘) n. sp.
Pl. exe. hie ot:

Q@. Cephalothorax 1°7 mm. long, 15 mm. broad;
abdomen 2°9 mm. long, 2°2 mm. broad.

Cephalothoraz obovate, yellow, shining, smooth. Pars
cephalica strongly arched, segmental groove profound ; ocwlar
area broader than long; clypeus broad, deep. Pars thoracica
well arched, radial groves distinct; marginal band broad.
Eyes normal. Legs.—Legs 1 and 2 missing; leg 3 has the
femur, patella, and tibia yellow, and the metatarsus and
tarsus fuscous; leg 4 has the femur and patella yellow, and
tibia, tarsus, and metatarsus fuscous; each limb is pilose and
armed with short, fine, dark spines. Palp: short, strong,
similar in clothing to legs: femur and patella yellow, tibia
and tarsus fuscous. Falces concolorus with cephalothorax,
arched, acuminate. Mazililae long, yellow, arched, inner
angles dilated, apices converging inwards and nearly meeting.
Labium concolorous with maxillae, short, broad, arched.

Go Bodwdys =sooty.
Q2

484

Sternum smoky-yellow, very slightly arched, triangular, and
terminating obtusely between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen
somewhat ovate, large, boldly projecting over base of cephalo-
thorax, sooty-black above, laterally, and beneath; on the
inferior surface, from the rima epigasteris to spinnerets there
is on each side a wavy, irregular, dull-yellow line, which
latter is broadest in front and at the middle, and narrowest
in front of spinnerets; midway between the rima epigasteris
and spinnerets there is a broken transverse line; chitinous
plate above vima epigasteris, yellow. Epigynum a short,
broad, yellow, transverse, moderately-arched plaque (fig. 1).
Spinnerets yellow.
Hab.—Cooper Creek.

THERIDION IDIOTYPUM, 2) n. sp.
Pl) xxxu,, figs. 2-4.

3d. Cephalothorax 1°77 mm. long, 1°1 mm. broad;
abdomen 2°5 mm. long, 11 mm. broad (fig. 2).

Cephalothorax obovate, yellow, smooth. Pars cephalica
arched, segmental groove distinct, finely dotted with dark |
brown down the middle; ocular area broader than long,
occupying entire width of front of cephalic segment; cly pews
pale yellow, nearly white. Pars thoracica distinctly arched,
rather darker than thoracic segment, radial grooves faintly
distinct, finely dotted sub-laterally with dark brown; mar-
ginal band pale yellow, broad. yes black, prominent,
normal. Legs long, yellow, slender, tapering, and armed
with moderately long, fine, dark spines; relative lengths,
1, 4, 2, 3. Palm short, concolorous with legs; genital bulb
large, moderately hairy, exceedingly complicated (fig. 3).
Falces pale yellow, arched, acuminate. Mazillae pale yellow,
almost white, shining, arched, apices acuminate and directed
outwards. Labsum short, broad, arched, slightly darker than
maxillae. Sternum triangular, slightly arched, impressed,
yellow, clouded with smoky-brown laterally, acuminate, term-
inating between fourth pair of coxae, lateral angles dark
brown. Abdomen oblong-ovate, slightly overhanging base of
cephalothorax, arched, superior surface chalky-white, orna-
mented with irregular yellow median markings and reticula-
tions; sides have the upper part chalky-white also reticulated
with yellow, and the lower part yellow with dark-brown wavy
pencillings (fig. 4); inferior surface yellow, spotted with dark
brown, and bordered laterally and posteriorly with an
undulating and interrupted, band of chalky-white.

Hab.—Cooper Creek.

@idvorv7os= with peculiar markings.

485

LATRODECTUS HASSELTII, Thor.

Thorell: Oefy. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Férh., 1870, p. 369;
L. scelio, Thor.: loc. cit., p. 370; L. katipo, Powell: Trans.
N. .2’d. Inst., iii., 1870, p. 56, pl. v.; ZL. hasseltu, L. Koch: Die
Arach. des Austr., 1., 1872, p. 276, pl. xxiii., figs. 2, 3, 3a; L.
scélio, L. Koch; toc. cit., p. 279, pl. xxiil., fig. 4.

Hab.—Cooper Creek. Ranges throughout Australia, New
Zealand, South Pacific Islands, Papua, India, Malaysia, and
Eastern Arabia.

Family CLUBIONIDAE.

Subfamily SELENOPINAE.

IsopepA(?) potosa, L. Koch.

Voconia dolosa, L. Koch: Die Arach. des Austr., i., 1875,
p. 648, pl. lii., fig. 2; I. dolosa, Hogg: Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond.,
1902, p. 435.

Hab.—Innamincka.

Norr.—In respect of this species Hogg (supra) makes the
following interesting remarks:—‘L. Koch described this
species from two dried specimens in the Museum at Stuttgart,
labelled ‘Australia’ only. The differences by which he says it
may be distinguished from JZ. insignis, Thor., are that ‘the
clearly smaller median eyes'of the front row are more than
their diameter from the rear median,’ and the joining by a
dark longitudinal marking of the two median pair of muscle-
spots on the back. The latter feature seems a by no means
uncommon variation in any species, whenever the back spots
are specially well developed, and the former is almost univer-
sally the case with females of J. ansegnis, Thor. I have, there-
fore, great doubts as to its being really a separate species; if
it is, the joining of the back spots is its only distinctive char-
acter. The Horn Expedition had several specimens from
Central Australia, both male and female, with back markings
as described, very flat cephalothorax, but front row of eyes
equal, and I have similar from Victoria, otherwise the same
as I. insignis.”

IsopEDA HORNI, Hogg.

Hogg: Rep. Horn Sci. Exped. Cent. Austr., pt. i1., Zoology,
p. 340; pl. xxiv, be. 12,

Hab.—Strzelecki Creek; immature.

ISOPEDA GLORIOSA, N. sp.
ieee sii.. figs, 5, 6
Q. Cephalothorax 82 mm. long, 82 mm. broad;
abdomen 10°4 mm. long, 82 mm. broad (fig. 5).
Cephalothoraz obovate, truncated in front, yellow,
moderately clothed with rather long, strong, adpressed hairs.
Pars cephalica flat, sides rather steep, segmental groove

486

profound ; ocwlar area broader than long, occupying almost en-
tire width, black; clypeus black, not deep. Pars thoracica
broad, rounded, radial grooves moderately defined; median
fovea straight, profound; marginal band broad, fringed with
long black bristles. Hyves in two rows of four each ; those consti-
tuting the front row, which is straight, are of equal size; the
second row, which is decidedly longer than the anterior, is
slightly procurved, and of those constituting this row the
median pair are distinctly the smallest, and closer to each
other than to their lateral neighbours. Legs long, strong,
yellow, laterigrade, armed with powerful spines; each femur,
patella, and tibia clothed on the underside with long, fine,
yellow hairs, and on the upper-surface with fine yellow
pubescence and each metatarsus and tarsus with long black hairs
and dense black scopula; relative lengths, 2, 1, 4, 3. Palpi
short, similar in colour and armature to legs. Falces short,
powerful, black, shining, arched, hairy, apices divergent ;
fangs short, strong, nearly black, well curved. Mazillae
normal, orange-red, apices yellow, clothed and fringed with
black hair. Labiwm normal also, orange-red, clothed and
fringed with black hairs and bristles. Sternum yellow, shield-
shaped, moderately arched, clothed with silky-yellow hair,
and terminating obtusely between fourth pair of coxae.
Abdomen ovate, rather flat, slightly projecting over base of
cephalothorax, densely clothed with golden-yellow hair, and
ornamented on upper-surface with dark-brown markings
(fig. 5) ; inferior surface yellow, hairy. Hpigynum as in figure
(fig. 6).

Hab.—Devils Village, near Trinity.

NotrEe.—One adult specimen of this beautiful spider was
collected, and with it a large number of young individuals
which had evidently only recently been hatched. There was
no cocoon; the latter would doubtless conform to the type of
egg-sac usually constructed by Sparassid spiders, 7z., round,
cushion-shaped, flat, white, and closely woven.

Subfamily CLUBIONINAE.

CiuBpiona rospusTA, L. Koch.

Koch: Die Arach: dés) Amstreea.. 1873; p. 4175 plain
fies. 2, 2a, 3, Sa.

Hab.—Trinity.
Family PISAURIDAE.

DoLomepEes(?) ausTRALIANUS, L. Koch.

L. Koch: Verh. der K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1865, p. 863;

Die Arach: des Austr., 1i., 1876%ep: 873, pl. ixxy.,) figs. 2)-20-
Hogg: Horn Sci. Exped., ii., Zoology, 1896, p. 345.

487

Hab.—Clayton Creek ; Murteree ; Strzelecki Creek ; Devils
Village, near Trinity. Previously recorded from Wollongong,
Sydney, Nepean River, and Reedy Creek, George Hill Range,
Central Australia.

Notre.—Three specimens, each immature, of what I take
to be the above species were obtained. Like the example
recorded by Hogg (supra) they differ very considerably from
Koch’s description and figure. The latter author, however,
points out that his specimens varied considerably in size and
marking. Under the circumstances, I prefer to regard the
forms before me as one and the same species, and inseparable
from D. australanus.

Family LYCOSIDAE.

LyYcoSA WAITEI, Nn. sp.
Bio xxxin, figs.’ 7-9.

Q. Cephalothorax 65 mm. long, 46 mm. broad;
abdomen 10°2 mm. long, 52 mm. broad (fig. 7).

Cephalothorax obovate, hairy. Pars cephalica slightly
raised, well arched, nearly black in front, yellow down the
middle, dark reddish-brown laterally ; ocular area longer than
broad, furnished with a few moderately long stiff black
bristles; clypeus deep. Pars thoracica well arched, dark
reddish-brown, yellow down the middle and sub-laterally ;
median fovea long, straight, radial groves well defined, nearly
black; marginal band broad. Fyes distributed over three
rows of 4, 2, 2; those of the front row small, even, and
slightly recurved ; the two constituting the intermediate row
much larger than their anterior neighbours, and dis-
tinctly larger than the posterior pair; median pair separated
from each other by a space equal to about once their indi-
vidual diameter, and the posterior pair from their median
neighbours by a space equal to about once their individual
diameter, and the posterior pair from their median neigh-
bours by a space equal to about twice their individual
diameter, and again from each other by a space equal
to fully four times their individual diameter (fig. 8).
Legs long, strong, hairy, tapering, yellow, annulated
reddish-brown, armed with long, moderately strong
spines; relative lengths, 4, 1, 2, 3. Palm long, strong,
similar in colour and armature to legs. Falces long, strong,
tapering, black, hairy, well arched. Maadllae normal, red-
dish, rather densely clothed with coarse, black hairs, apices
inclined inwards, yellow. Labiwm normal also, similar in
colour and clothing to maxillae. Sternwm somewhat. shield-
shaped, arched, yellow, shining, margined with dull pale

488

yellow, clothed with coarse black hairs. Abdomen ovate,
overhanging base of cephalothorax, hairy, well arched;
superior surface yellow, spotted with dark brown and orna-
mented with a design of same; sides yellow, spotted with
dark brown; inferior surface dull yellow. Hpigynum some-
what mitre-shaped, slightly raised, orange-red, with two long
lateral black ridges, the latter bridged at anterior extremity
(fig. 9).
Hab.—Cooper Creek.

Lycosa GoDEFFROYI, L. Koch.

Koch: Verh. der K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1865, p. 867;
Die Arach. des Austr.,,n.; 1877;>p.795/, pl. Ixxxili., figs: 3) faa,
4, 4a; L. bellatrix, L. Koch: Ver der K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien,
1865, p. 866.

Hiab.—Strzelecki Creek and Cooper Creek.

Note.—Common and widely distributed.

Lycosa NIGRopUNCTATA, Rainb.

Rainbow: Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., xxxix., 1915, p. 787,
ple xara, aioe 1G, 17:

Hab.—Innamincka. Previously reported from Musgrave
Ranges.

Lycosa CELAENTCA,() n. sp.
PL Sexe ose eed 1

Q. Cephalothorax 5°83 mm. broad, 43 mm. long;
abdomen 6 mm. long, 433 mm. broad (fig. 10).
| Cephalothorax obovate, hairy. Pars cephalica dark
reddish-brown with a broad yellow patch extending from near
the middle to the base, well arched, sides declivous, slightly
raised, truncated in front, segmented groove distinct ; ocular
area broader than long, and furnished with a tuft of long
black bristles immediately below median pair of eyes; clypeus
broad, deep, fringed with long coarse black bristles. Pars
thoracica dark reddish-brown, yellow at the centre and later-
ally, well arched, radial grooves and median fovea distinct ;
marginal band broad, dark brown. SFyes distributed over
three rows of 4, 2, 2. Front row slightly recurved, the eyes
small and placed closely together; those of the second row
largest of the series, and separated from each other by a
space equal to rather less than once their individual diameter ;
rear pair seated about twice their individual diameter from
their median neighbours, and again from each other by a
space equal to four times their own individual diameter.
Legs long, strong, tapering, hairy, spined, yellow, faintly
annulated with brown; relative length, 4, 1, 2, 3. Palm

@ re auvixos = dark.

489

long, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs.
Falces dark brown, well arched, densely clothed with long
coarse dark grey hairs or bristles. Mawillae and labium
normal, hairy; reddish, apices yellow. Sternwm broadly
shield-shaped, dark brown, nearly black, well arched, densely
hairy. Abdomen ovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalo-
thorax, arched, hairy; superior surface dark brown spotted
with yellow, and ornamented in front with distinct yellow,
somewhat crescent-like design; sides dark brown; inferior —
surface yellow, with smoky-brown longitudinal and transverse
markings. Hpigynum large, hairy, well developed, raised,
shining, yellow; there is a double ridge running down the
middle, and these are bridged in front and curved laterally
and outwards posteriorly (fig. 11).

Hah.—Farina.

Note.—The example herein described is a fully matured
but apparently rather small example. Doubtless when a series
of this species shall have been collected and brought together,
considerable variation in point of size will be noticeable.

Family OXYOPIDAE.
Only two species of this family were collected, and these
call for no comment. They are as hereunder : —

PEUCETIA ALBESCENS, L. Koch.

L. Koch: Die Arach. des Austr., 1., 1878, p. 998, pl.
Ixxxvii., figs.

p30.
Hab.—Strzelecki Creek.

OXYOPES DINGO, Str.
Strand: Zool. Jahrb., 1913, p. 6238.
Hfab.—Kanowana, Cooper Creek, and Farina.

(x) INSECTA,
By Artuur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum.]
Prares XXXTIT. ro XXXVITI.

The collection of insects obtained by the expedition is not
a large one (which could hardly be expected considering the
time of the year it was made), but nevertheless contains some
remarkable species; perhaps the most interesting of which is
a large subapterous grasshopper (pl. xxxiii., figs. 1-3), of the

490

genus Brachytettiz closely resembling the ‘‘gibbers’’
amongst which it occurs. A single specimen of the widely
distributed but rare and curious cricket, Cylindrodes camp-
belli, Burm.) (pl. xxxii., fig. 4), was taken. Several larval
ant-lions (.\yrmeleonidae) were taken, but unfortunately the
life-histories of so few of these species are known that
practically nothing can be done with preserved larvae; the
species commented upon by Mr. Waite ©) appears to have
similar habits to some of our species frequenting beach-dunes.
Two specimens of a minute weevil (Vephobolus deceptor)
having very unusual claws were obtained.

Most of the beetles collected are here identified or named,
but in addition other insects were obtained as follows:
Hemiptera, 27 species; Hymenoptera \, 20 species; Orthop-
tera, 17 species; Lepidoptera, 11 species; Diptera, 6 species ;
and europtera, 4 species.

Mr. Waite has also suppled an interesting note on some
scorpions obtained during the expedition ‘).

(1) A specimen of the species is standing under that name in
the Museum, but as yet I have been unable to verify it

(2)On September 25, when traversing the sandhills in the
neighbourhood of Strzelecki Creek, I noticed long tracks in the
sand, each terminating in a round hole; these tracks were often
punctured, evidently by birds searching for the contained insect. I
made many attempts to secure what I thought might be a mole
cricket, and finally succeeded in obtaining a single specimen, which
at eames since identified as that curious cricket, Cylindrodes.—

(3) Previously I had caught the larvae of ant-lions only at the
bottom of their pits, but when among the sandhills in the vicinity
of Kanowana on October 11, I noticed some variation in construc-
tion. A sub-surface tunnel was found to run from many of the
pits to a distance of 12 inches or so, and after many attempts,
made in various positions of the tunnel, it was found that a sudden
grab at the further end of the bore often succeeded in disclosing
the larva in the handful of sand secured.—E. R. W

(4) Thousands of wasps of two species were seen drinking at
water-troughs.

(5) On September 3, when collecting on the sandhills bordering
Strzelecki Creek, I noticed a number of peculiar slit-like holes
about 2 inches wide, but only 4 inch in depth. Discovering that
the holes were drilled to a considerable distance, I returned to
camp and obtained a shovel; then, guided by a probing stick, I
dug slopingly downwards. When the excavation reached a vertical
depth of 23 feet I came across a pair of formidable-looking nippers,
and discovered them to be the claws of quite a large scorpion.
Several other burrows were excavated with like result, and a
number of scorpions thus obtained. The narrow slit-like opening,
which exactly accommodates the body of the scorpion, is continued
of the same character through the sand to the terminal chamber,
which was found to be enlarged (23 x1 inches), certainly enabling
the creature to turn round.—E. R. W.

491

COLEOPTERA.

In dealing with the Coleoptera of the Elder Expedition,
the late Rev. T. Blackburn added some species from interior
localities that were not actually obtained during that exped1-
tion, and as there are many beetles in the Museum from
Farina, Hergott, and other localities adjacent to those
traversed by the Museum Expedition, it seems desirable .to
include these. The specimens are mostly from the Blackburn
collection ; but others taken by members of a field naturalists’
excursion to Parachilna, in the Flinders Range, in October,
1915, are included. Mr. J. W. Hosking (one of the party)
stayed at Orroroo for a few days on the return journey, and
the specimens he obtained there are likewise included; Mr.
E. L. Savage in particular obtained some interesting addi-
tions; and in April, 1917, his brother (Mr. C. G. Savage)
also visited Parachilna, and obtained many _ specimens.
Beetles were‘also received from Mount Painter (in the Flinders
Range) taken by Mr. H. G. Stokes, from Leigh Creek taken
by Mr. W. B. Greenwood, and from Roxley Downs (near
Port Augusta) taken by Mr. Henry Greenfield.

In January, 1917, Capt. S. A. White and I spent a few
days collecting at Ooldea (then the head of the con-
struction of the lEHast-West railway), but the weather
was extremely hot and dry, and but few beetles were
obtained (nearly all the more interesting ones were
taken at lights); a little collecting was done at the
waiting places to and from Port Augusta, and also at the
latter place. Subsequently Capt. White again visited Ooldea,
and obtained additional species. From Ooldea also numerous
specimens were received from Messrs. T. C. Ash and A. O.
Jones; Mr. F. N. Mack sent two lots of specimens from Ooldea
and Winbring. Mr. Blackburn recorded some insects taken
by the late Mr. R. T. Maurice at Ooldea. These are not
included here, but some taken by Mr. Maurice and not dealt
with by Mr. Blackburn are included.

It also appeared desirable to include in the paper a few
species from other States, belonging to genera species of which
were taken at the localities mentioned; but, unless stated to
the contrary, all the localities given are South Australian.

CICINDELIDAE.

CICINDELA MASTERSI, Macl. Innamincka.

C. semicincTa, Chaud. Mount Painter.

MEGACEPHALA AUSTRALIS, Chaud. Carraweena, Farina,
Orralina, and Petermorra Springs.

492
CARABIDAE.

CALOSOMA SCHAYERI, Er.

This species frequently came to the lights at night, and
its vile smell rendered it a nuisance. Carraweena, Frome
Well, Knob, Parachilna, Strzelecki Creek.

GIGADEMA BOoSTOCKI, Cast. Ooldea.

PHEROPSOPHUS VERTICALIS, Dej. Orroroo.

AGONOCHILA FENESTRATA, Blackb. Ooldea.

Dromius HUMERALIS, Macl. Lakes Crossing.

EcTROMA BENEFICA, Newm. Carraweena, Ooldea, Para-

chilna.

PHLAEOCARABUS CRUDELIS, Newm. Farina, Parachilna,

Petermorra Spring, Port Augusta, Strzelecki Creek.

TRIGONOTHOPS LONGIPLAGA, Chaud. Ooldea.

ADELOTOPUS APHODIOIDES, Westw. Ooldea.

A. HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab. Orroroo, Parachilna.

CARENUM BREVICOLLE, Sl. Museum Expedition.

C. suBcYANEUM, Macl.® Ooldea, Parachilna.

NEOCARENUM ELONGATUM, Macl. Ooldea.

PHILOSCAPHUS cosTALIS, Macl. Ooldea (pl. xxxiii.,

fig. 5).
Kuryscapuus osesus, Macl. Clayton Creek (pl. xxxii,,.
figs.“ 6; 7).

GEOSCAPTUS LAEVISSIMUS, Chaud.- Clayton Creek.

CLIVINA coronaTa, Putz. Lakes Crossing.

C. FRENCHI, Sl. Birkett’s Woolshed, Carraweena, Strze-

lecki Creek.

C. QUADRATIFRONS, Chaud. Carraweena.

C. rumipipPes, Sl. Strzelecki Creek.

OODES WATERHOUSEI, Cast. Farina, Oodnadatta, Tarcoola.

CHLAENIUS AUSTRALIS, Dej. Clayton and Cooper Creeks,

Farina, Ooldea, Parachilna, Strzelecki Creek.

C. DARLINGENSIS, Cast. Orroroo.

PROMECODERUS GRACILIS, Germ. Gawler Ranges.

PARROA APICALIS, Sl.
PL. =xmingie, 8.

An unusually large female (30 mm.) was obtained at
Ooldea ; but in its basal angles of prothorax suddenly turned
downwards, and in its rugose apex of elytra, it agrees with
smaller specimens.

CEROTALIS AMABILIS, Sl. Ooldea.

CENOGMUS ROTUNDICOLLIS, Cast. Parachilna, Wookalla.

GNATHAPHANUS PULCHER, W. S. Macl. Ooldea.

(6) Name received from Mr. Sloane.

493

G. ADELAIDAE, Cast. Ooldea.

HYpPHARPAX DEYROLLEI, Cast. Parachilna.

H. 1nornatus, Germ. Ooldea, Winbring.

H. rynteriornis, Sl. Birkett’s Woolshed, Carraweena
Higgins Dam, Lakes Crossing, Orroroo, Parachilna
Strzelecki Creek.

H. ranuta, Cast. Orroroo.

MECYCLOTHORAX AMBIGUUS, Er. Parachilna.

_ PHORTICOSOMUS GRANDIS, Cast. Cooper Creek, Hergott,

P. worn, Sl. Lakes Crossing.

P. stm1Lis, Blackb. Hergott, Parachilna, Petermorra
Spring. ;

THENAROTES TASMANICUS Bates. Lakes Crossing.

CHLAENIOIDIUS HERBACEUS, Chaud. Carraweena, Strze-
lecki Creek.

LoxAaNDRUS AUSTRALIENSIS, Sl. Birkett Woolshed, Cara-
weena, Cooper Creek, Higgins Dam, Strzelecki
Creek.

RHYTISTERNUS CYATHODERUS, Chaud. Carraweena,
Cooper Creek, Farina, Kopperamanna, Higgins
Dam, Parachilna, Strzelecki Creek, Trinity.

R. miseR, Chaud. Parachilna.

SIMODONTUS HOLOMELAENUS, Germ. Parachilna.

PLATYNUS MARGINICOLLIS, Macl. Birkett’s Woolshed,
Orroroo, Parachilna.

Poconus zizetTz1, Sl. Lakes Crossing.

TACHYS SIMILIS, Blackb. Ooldea.

BEMBIDIUM JACKSONIENSE, Guer. Birkett’s Woolshed,
Hergott, Oodnadatta, Parachilna.

B. susviripE, Macl. Ooldea.

-DYTISCIDAE.

ERETES AUSTRALIS, Er.

This species occurs in amazing numbers in many of the
interior waterholes, and is apparently one of the most
important food-insects of aquatic birds. Carraweena, Ooldea,
Parachilna, Strzelecki Creek.

ANTIPORUS GILBERTI, Clark. Buirkett’s Woolshed, Kop-
peramanna, Strzelecki Creek.

BIDESSUS BISTRIGATUS, Clark. Kopperamanna, Para-
chilna.

. CopELATUS RETICULATUS, Clark. Orroroo, Parachilna.
Macroporus wowirri1, Clark. Birkett’s Woolshed.
NECTEROSOMA PENICILLATUM, Clark. Orroroo, Parachilna.
N. virrTirpENNE, Macl. Parachilna. ~ :
RHANTUS PULVEROSUS, Steph. Parachilna.

494

HYDROPHILIDAE.
BEROSUS MACUMBENSIS, Blackb. Carraweena, Strze-
lecki Creek.
HyYDROBIUS ASSIMILIS, Hope. Orroroo, Parachilna,

Strzelecki Creek.
HYGROTROPHUS NUTANS, Macl. Strzelecki Creek.
PARACYMUS SPENCERI, Blackb. Parachilna.
PHILHYDRUS ANDERSONI, Blackb. Carraweena.
P. margmoratTus, Macl. Parachilna.

STAPHYLINIDAE.
CoNOSOMA MYRMECOPHILUM, Lea. Ooldea.
CREOPHILUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS, Fab. Cooper Creek,

Ooldea.

SCYMBALIUM ARCUATUM, Fvl._ Birkett’s Woolshed, Carra-
weena, Hergott, Higgins Dam.

TROGOPHLAEUS ADELAIDAE, Blackb. Birkett’s Woolshed,
Farina, Hergott, Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta, Quorn,
Strzelecki Creek.

LATHROBIUM SEMIFUMATUM, 0. sp.

Flavous or reddish-flavous ; head moderately, the abdomen
more deeply infuscated. Clothed with short and sparse, sub-
erect pubescence, denser and more depressed on abdomen
than elsewhere, with a few long hairs scattered about.

Head (excluding muzzle) subquadrate, parallel-sided
behind eyes, with scattered and not very large but sharply-
defined punctures. Antennae rather long and thin, third
joint distinctly longer than second or fourth. /brothoraz
slightly longer than wide, widest near apex, where the width
is almost even with head, sides lightly but distinctly incurved
near apex, basal angles widely rounded, with somewhat denser
and smaller punctures than on head but absent along middle.
Elytra distinctly wider than long, slightly wider than head;
with small and shallow punctures, seriately arranged, but
almost disappearing posteriorly. Legs short; front femora
stout and subdentate. Length, 6; to apex of elytra, 4 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Farina (Blackburn’s collection),
Wookalla (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 8204.

In many respects agrees with the description of
victoriense, but differs in having the prothorax dis-
tinctly narrowed before the middle and the head not
subtriangular; in an unpublished table by the late Rev.
T. Blackburn it was distinguished from that species by
the “eyes exceptionally large’? as against “eyes small”
(but the eyes were not even mentioned in the description

495

of wictoriense). The elytra and legs are slightly paler than
the prothorax, the tip is obscurely paler than the rest
of the abdomen, but on some specimens the tip of each
segment is obscurely diluted with red. The pubescence of the
upper-surface, although short, is very conspicuous from the
sides. The prothoracic punctures are not at all seriate in
arrangement. The front femora are ridged along the middle
of the basal half, and the sudden termination of the ridge
causes a dentiform appearance (very conspicuous from some
directions).

Variety (?). Hight specimens from North-western
Australia (Derby and Fortescue River—W. D. Dodd) may
represent a variety but probably a distinct species—they
differ from the typical form in being slightly narrower, the
prothorax and elytra almost uniformly reddish-castaneous,
and the antennae shorter; on the typical form all the joimts
of the antennae are longer than wide, but on these the ninth
and tenth are slightly wider than long; one of the Derby
specimens has the prothorax, elytra, and abdomen of an
almost uniform shade of castaneous, the legs are not much
paler, and the head is but lightly infuscated.

LATHROBIUM BASIPENNE, Nl. Sp.

Black; elytra bright reddish-castaneous, the base black
or deeply infuscated, tip of abdomen obscurely diluted with
red, appendages flavous. Upper-surface, except of abdomen,
almost glabrous. Length, 6%; to apex of elytra, 44 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s
collection). Type, I. 8205.

Structurally close to the preceding species, but larger,
prothorax black, elytra differently coloured, and punctures
rather more distinct. In general appearance it is close to
notaticolle, but is readily distinguished therefrom by the
prothoracic punctures being not at all seriate in arrangement.
On a specimen from Solarno ‘7) the basal fourth of the elytra
(rather more about the suture) is of a shining black, and the
antennae are somewhat darker than the legs, on the type the
basal portion of the elytra is*rather deeply infuscated, and
_the antennae are no darker than the legs. As viewed from
the side the upper part of the head (except in front of the
eyes) is entirely glabrous, and on the elytra the pubescence
is sparse and lateral,

SILPHIDAE.

DieTTa speRaATA, Sharp. Ooldea.

(7)T cannot find Solarno in any list of Australian towns or
localities.

496

HISTERIDAE.

SAPRINUS CYANEUS, Fab. Parachilna.
S. spectosus, Er. Cooper Creek, Lakes Crossing,
Ooldea.

STICTOSTIX LEAI, Lewis. Oodnadatta.

PHALACRIDAE.

Lirocrus consors, Blackb. Ooldea.
L. LAETICULUS, Blackb. Ooldea.
PHALACRUS CoRRUSCUS, Panz. Oodnadatta.

NITIDULIDAE.

CARPOPHILUS ATERRIMUS, Macl. Ooldea.

C. HEMIPTERUS, Steph. Ooldea.

CRYPTARCHA AUSTRALIS, Reitt. Ooldea.
CYCHRAMPTODES MURRAYI, Reitt. Parachilna.
MAcCROURA BRUNNESCENS, Reitt. Ooldea.
NoTOBRACHYPTERUS TESTACEUS, Boh. Ooldea.
THALYCRODES AUSTRALIS, Germ. Carraweena.

LATHRIDIIDAE.
CORTICARIA ADELAIDAE, Blackb. Port Augusta.
COLYDIIDAE.
DiIToMA HILARIS, Blackb. Ooldea.
DERMESTIDAE.
DERMESTES CADAVERINUS, Fab. Farina, Ooldea, Para-
chilna.
HETEROCERIDAE.

HETEROCERUS DEBILIPES, Blackb. Birkett’s Woolshed,
Farina, Strzelecki Creek.

SCARABAEIDAE.
ATAENIUS SEMICORNUTUS, Macl. Carraweena, Koppera-
manna.
BOLBOCERAS CORNIGERUM,*Macl. Ooldea (pl. xxxiil., figs.
13-17).

B. RECTICORNE, Guer. Ooldea.

B. stmpiicicers, Blackb. Ooldea.

B. SLoANEI, Blackb. Ooldea (pl. xxxiil., figs. 10-12).
MEGALOTROX ELDERI, Blackb. Ooldea (pl. xxxiil., fig. 9).
Trox aucusTazr, Blackb. Cooper Creek, Kopperamanna.

T. crotcui, Har.(8) Ooldea, Strzelecki Creek, Winbring.

(8) This is the species apearing on pl. xxxiii., fig. 2.

497

EYRENSIS, Blackb. Ooldea.
. Litrerosus, Har. Farina, Lakes Crossing, Ooldea,
Strzelecki Creek.

PERHISPIDUS, Blackb. Leigh Creek.
STRZELECKENSIS, Blackb. Leigh Creek.
VELUTINUS, Blackb. Trinity.

T[PAROCHRUS GEMINATUS, Westw. Leigh Creek.

38s 44

PARARHOPAEA GIGAS, Lea.
Pl. xxxiii., figs. 18, 19.

We obtained twenty specimens of this fine species at
Ooldea ; they flew to the vicinity of ights with a loud boom-
ing noise. Subsequently others were received from Messrs.
Ash and Jones, all males.

ZIETZIA GEOLOGA, Blackb. Roxley Downs (pl. xxxuii.,

figs. 20, 21).

HETERONYX BELTANAE, Blackb. Ooldea.

H. castaNneus, Macl. Carraweena, Farina, Higgins
Dam, Lakes Crossing, Petermorra Spring. Strzelecki
Creek.

LUBRICUS, Blackb. Ooldea.

. PicEUS, Blanch. Parachilna.
SQUALIDUS, Blackb. Farina.

. unicus, Blackb. Hergott.
WATERHOUSEI, Blackb. Ooldea.

fff

ENAMILLUS MAURICEI, Blackb.
Pl. x=xiv,, fie: 26.
On the figure the wide black apical fascia is scarcely
evident, but it is very conspicuous on the specimen itself.

Ooldea.
HAPLONYCHA.

The species of this genus are numerous in South and
Western Australia, and at first glamce many so strongly
resemble each other that it appears to be an almost hopeless
task to attempt to separate them; but the tables given by the
late Rev. T. Blackburn (9) enable most of the known species
to be readily distinguished, or at least to be sorted into
groups, although manipulation of the brittle cephalic appen-
dages has often to be resorted to.

Growp 1.—It is not always easy to count the joints of the
antennae without snapping them off, but as the distinctive
feature of this group (an eight- jointed antenna, against a
nine-jointed one of all others) is an arithmetical one, the few
species may be referred to it with certainty.

(9) Ante, 1906, pp. 292-304.

498

Group 2.—Very distinct with a little experience; all the
known members of it are large.

Group 3.—Also a very distinct group, but some members
of the preceding group have similar palpi.

Group 4.—The species of this group are the most trouble-
some to determine, as it is often difficult to decide as to the
length of the antepenultimate joint of the maxillary palpus,
its base usually being obscured, so that its real length is often
a matter of conjecture until dissection, and even after that
not always certain ; but the character is supplemented by ‘‘the
dorsal surface of the body is pruinose and iridescent”; not
always, however, very satisfactory.

Group 5._-After passing the preceding group the present
is a very distinct one.

Groups 6 and 7.—These are only distinguished, iter se,
by a character of doubtful value.

Group 8.—Distinguished solely by colour.

HAPLONYCHA MARGINATA, Blackb.

Two specimens, marked as cotypes of this species and
agreeing with the description, and another from Stradbroke
Island (Queensland), have the front tarsi with remarkable
claws; they are dilated and distorted at the base, with the
apical hook not regularly curved, but strongly incurved (or
sinuous) so as almost to touch the basal portion, and one claw
is more deformed than the other.

HapLonycHa PILOSA, Blackb.
Plo xxxiy.., digs 22)

Five specimens from Muinnipa Hill probably belong to
this species, and I should have had no hesitation in referring

them to it, but for the comments: ‘‘The sparse, erect, very
fine, and inconspicuous hairs on its head, disc of prothorax,
and base of elytra are a valuable specific character.’’ On

these specimens the middle of the disc of the pronotum is
glabrous, but there are many hairs before the basal gutter,
and about the middle of the apex (and extending some dis-
tance from the apex), but these hairs are quite as long and
conspicuous as the fringing ones. The third joint of the
antennae was not mentioned in the description, but on the
Minnipa Hill specimens is very strongly triangularly dilated
on one side. The six-jointed club and triangularly notched
apex of pygidium should, however, be conclusive.

HAPLONYCHA PULCHELLA, Blackb.

A specimen from Mindarie appears to belong to this
species, but has the elytra of a deep castaneous-red, and

499

brightly iridescent; the elytra are also slightly more dilated
posteriorly than on the typical form, but the antennae and
palpi are in agreement. Its pygidium is clothed with very
dense and short setae, as on all other specimens that I have
examined of the species. Its general appearance is much like
gagatina, but that species has non-iridescent elytra, and the
prothorax (for the genus) coarsely sculptured. Its iridescence
was probably the determining factor with Blackburn in
referring the species to Group 4, as by its palpi it should not
have been referred to that group.

HAPLONYCHA NOBILIS, Blackb.

The type of this species is a female. Two males from
the Warren River (near the original locality in Western
Australia) differ in being somewhat larger, and with the
ramus of the basal joint of the club considerably longer
(although smaller than that of the following joint), the fifth
joint of the antennae has also a more conspicuous spur than
on the female.

H. pvEcertor, Blackb. Birkett’s Woolshed, Cooper Creek,
Trinity.

FRATERNA, Blackb. Orroroo.

PALPALIS, Blackb. Museum Expedition.
SETOSA, Blackb. Oodnadatta.

sotipa, Blackb. Ooldea (pl. xxxiv., fig. 23).

eo Fa a

Group 1.
HAPLONYCHA OCTOARTICULATA, Nl. sp.

Reddish-castaneous and moderately iridescent; head,
tibiae, and tarsi somewhat darker, antennae paler. Under-
surface and legs with dense golden hairs, pygidium with
short, dense, erect setae, lateral gutters of pronotum with a
few long hairs, rest of upper-surface glabrous; membranous
fringe 0) of elytra rather long, its greatest length almost
equal to that of the fourth tarsal joint.

(10) On this, as on all other species of the genus, each elytron
has two marginal fringes—the first a row of rather long stiff setae
projecting outwards, often at right angles to the derm; the second
a much more closely packed row, apparently in most species con-
nected by a fine membrane, so as to appear semisolid, and project-
ing downwards. Its length varies considerably in the different
species, and it appears to be easily abraded. When first dealing
with the genus (under the name of Colpochila) Mr. Blackburn
appeared to consider the membranous fringes as of use in descrip-
tions. The tips of the tibiae and of some of the tarsal joints, the
outer edge of the clypeus, and the front tibial spurs are usuallly
black, but I have not considered it necessary to mention these
under each species. ;

500

‘lead with moderately large crowded punctures; front
face of clypeus with numerous setiferous punctures on sides,
but the setae almost confined to a single row across middle.
Fourth joint of antennae much longer than third, and more
than twice the length of fifth, sixth-eighth forming a club.
Prothorax fully thrice as wide as the median length, mar-
ginal gutters dilated to apex, with the front angles produced
and acute, sides oblique from apex to beyond the middle,
and then arcuate to base, where each angle is almost rect-
angular; with rather small scattered punctures. Elytra
feebly dilated posteriorly ; with fairly numerous and almost
evenly distributed punctures of moderate size, striation lightly
defined ; apical mucros sharp, and slightly longer than mem-
branous fringe. Pygidium asperate but becoming polished
at tip. Basal joint of hind tars: just perceptibly longer than
second. Length, 15 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Crecy. Type (unique), I. 4603.

I have closely examined the fourth joint of the antennae ;
from some directions a notch on one side of it causes the
antennae to appear to be nine-jointed, but from other direc-
tions the continuity of the fourth is quite distinct; both
antennae are alike, although I broke off ong to examine it
more closely. Its antennae being eight-jointed, this species
could only be referred to Blackburn’s Group 1, but it cer-
tainly looks out of place there, and more like some members
of Group 4. In the table of the group, whilst belonging to
A, it could hardly be referred to B, as the sides of the pro-
thorax are sinuate near the base, and it could not be referred
to BB,“ as the head is densely and in places confluently
punctured. I have not dissected out the maxillary palpi,
but the penultimate joint appears to be subequal to the ante-
penultimate, and is distinctly shorter than the apical. The
geminate striae of the elytra are less close together than
usual, and the punctures between them are quite as close
together as those between the other striae.

HAPLONYCHA ERYTHROCEPHALA, Ni. sp.

Blackish, and somewhat iridescent ; head, sterna, and legs
reddish. Under-surface with dense, long, almost white hairs,
becoming darker on legs, all gutters of pronotum with long
erect hairs, more numerous in middle of apex than elsewhere,
disc with a few scattered ones, elytra with a few long hairs
on suture and on apical slope, and with numerous minute
depressed setae; membranous fringe very short; pygidium
with numerous long hairs, and a few short setae.

(11) By an oversight. printed B on the top line of page 298.

501

Head with round and sharply defined but not very large
punctures, nowhere confluent, but larger in middle of base of
clypeus than elsewhere; vertical front face of clypeus with
numerous setiferous punctures on sides, but confined to a
single row across middle. Antennae with fourth joint twice
the length of third, and more than thrice the length of fifth,
sixth-eighth forming a club. Maxillary palpi with penulti-
mate joint much shorter than antepenultimate, and scarcely
more than half the length of apical, the latter rather long and
thin. Prothoraz about thrice as wide as the median length,
front angles produced and acute, hind ones rounded off; with
rather small and not very dense punctures. Eityra slightly
dilated to about the middle; geminate-striae light but dis-
tinct, punctures much as on prothorax; suture unarmed.
Pygidium strongly convex, and rather strongly asperate
about base, becoming smoother about tip. Basal joint of hind
tarsi distinctly longer than second. Length, 22 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cottlesloe, October, 1913
(No. 8194 of Western Australian Museum). Type, I. 7810.

In Blackburn’s table of Group 1, would be associated
with crinita, from which it differs in being larger and very
differently coloured, clothing in basal gutter of pronotum
much less dense. The dark prothorax and elytra (on close
examination these are seen in places to be obscurely diluted
with red) in striking contrast to the red head, is most unusual
in the subfamily. The rami of the club are quite as long as
the basal joint of antennae. The type appears to be a male.

Group 2.
HAPLONYCHA MIXTA, 0. Sp.

Reddish-castaneous and slightly iridescent, elytra (except
narrowly along suture and margins) paler. Under-surface
and legs with dense golden pubescence; head with a few long
hairs near eyes, and on base of clypeus, lateral and basal
gutters and front margin of pronotum with long hairs, dense
at positions of hind angles; membranous fringe of elytra very
short; pygidium -with numerous rather short, stiff setae.

Head with large crowded punctures about clypeal suture,
becoming smaller and sparser elsewhere; vertical front face
of clypeus unusually high, with rather dense setiferous punc-
tures on sides, but setae confined to a single row across
middle. Fourth joint of antennae very little longer than
third, sixth acute on one side, seventh-ninth forming a club.
Maxillary: palpi with penultimate joint much shorter than the
antepenultimate or apical ones, the apical densely punctured,
and with a conspicuous elongate depression or upper-surface.

502

Prothorax about four times as wide as the median length,
sides strongly rounded, front angles acute, hind angles
widely rounded off, lateral gutters wide in front and at
position of hind angles; punctures (except in gutters) very
small and sparse. Elytra with geminate-striae and punc-
tures very feeble, sides and apex lightly rugulose; suture
unarmed. Pygidiwm opaque and subasperate about base,
smooth and shining about apex. Basal joint of hind tars:
distinctly longer than second. Length, 21-23 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (H. 8. Cope),
Crecy, Grunthal. Type, 1. 7812.

The maxillary palpi are as in Group 3, but as Blackburn
treated the gutters of the pronotum as of more importance
than the palpi, this species must be referred to Group 2; in
that group it could only be associated with latebricola, from
which it differs in its consistently much smaller size, and by
its palpi and pygidium ; in general appearance it is much like
punetulata, gouldi, and trichopyga. The five specimens
before me are all of one sex, probably female.

HAPLONYCHA INTEROCULARIS, DN. sp.
Pl. xxxiv,.,, oy 24°

Reddish-castaneous, elytra paler. Under-surface and
legs densely clothed with long golden hairs, numerous similar
hairs between and at sides of eyes, lateral gutters of pronotum
with similar hairs, becoming denser at positions of hind
angles, and then suddenly terminating; membranous fringe
of elytra very short; pygidium glabrous.

Head with irregular punctures; clypeus with numerous
setiferous punctures on front face, but setae confined to a
single row across middle. Antennae with third and fourth
joints subequal, fifth with an acute ramus about one-third
the length of that of following joint, sixth-ninth forming a
club. Maxillary palpi with penultimate joint slightly
shorter than the adjacent ones. Prothorax about thrice as
wide as the median length, sides strongly rounded, front
angles produced and acute, hind ones strongly rounded off ;
lateral gutters rather wide and densely granulate-punctate,
elsewhere with small punctures, becoming very sparse in
middle. L#/ytra somewhat dilated to about the middle; with
fairly numerous sharply defined but not very large punctures ;
apex rugulose, geminate-striae distinct; suture unarmed.
Pygidium moderately convex and opaque. Basal joint of
hind tarsi distinctly ionger than second. Length, 28 mm.

flab.—South Australia: Denial Bay (Dr. C. T. Abbott).
Type (unique), I. 4608. :

503

In Blackburn’s table of Group 2 could only be associated
with campestris, from a co-type of which it differs in having
very much smaller punctures on head, with a conspicuous row
of long hairs between the eyes; the prothorax also is more
transverse. In general appearance it is like antennalis,
laminata, dubia, and nobilis. The punctures on the head
behind the clypeal suture are nearly all small and free, but
close to the suture there are many large irregularly scattered
ones; the clypeus itself has sharp punctures throughout,
becoming more crowded (but not confluent) about the suture.
The type appears to be a female.

Group 4.

HAPLONYCHA GYMNOPYGA, N. sp.

Dark reddish-castaneous and iridescent, under-surface
somewhat darker than upper. Sterna and legs with dense
golden hairs, lateral gutters of pronotum each with a row of
similar hairs; membranous fringes of clytra very short;
pygidium glabrous.

Head with not very large, and numerous but not
confluent punctures, more crowded and larger on middle of
basal portion of clypeus (which is also somewhat elevated)
than elsewhere; front face of clypeus with a conspicuous row
of setiferous punctures across middle, but more numerous
and irregular on sides. Antennae with fourth joint slightly
longer than third, sixth-ninth forming a rather small club.
Maxillary palpi with penultimate joint slightly longer than
antepenultimate, but conspicuously shorter than apical.
Prothorax almost four times as wide as long, sides strongly
rounded, front angles produced and acute, hind ones com-
pletely rounded off, lateral gutters rather wide in front,
punctures numerous and small. Elytra feebly dilated to
beyond the middle; punctures (for the genus) moderately
large and dense, geminate-striae distinct, the punctures
between each pair much sparser than between pair and pair;
suture unarmed. Pygidium glabrous, gibbous in middle, upper
portion opaque and with numerous rather small punctures,
lower portion polished and almost impunctate. Basal joint
of hind tars: slightly longer than second. Length, 21-22 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murat Bay (Dr. C. T. Abbott).
Type, I. 4620.

The front face of the clypeus in its middle has very
sparse and small punctures, leaving the setiferous now
distinct, but at the sides they are obscured; paradozxa (the
only species in Group 4 referred to FF) has the club four-
jointed, so the present species seems better referred to F.

504

Regarding it as such it would be associated with s/oane, to
which it certainly looks very close, but it differs in being
larger, punctures on head much smaller and less rugose, and
by its pygidium; on the present species that portion is
entirely glabrous, and its upper surface has rather small but
sharply defined transverse punctures, becoming much smaller
and very sparse towards the tip, where also the derm is
shining ; on aco-type of s/oanei the surface is slightly shining
throughout, somewhat shagreened, and with numerous short
stiff setae on the basal half. In general appearance it is rather
close to firma, but that species has the upper-surface of the
head and the pygidium clothed. The two specimens in the
Museum are probably females, their elytra are slightly paler
than the other parts of the upper-surface, but not conspicu-
ously so.
HAPLONYCHA BIMUCRONATA, Nl. Sp.

Dark piceous-brown and iridescent; some parts almost or
quite black, antennae reddish, club paler. Sterna and legs
with dense golden-brown hairs, a few similar hairs forming
a fringe in each lateral gutter of pronotum; membranous
fringe of elytra long, not much shorter than fourth joint of
hind tarsi; pygidium glabrous.

Head with crowded and moderately large punctures,
more crowded about clypeal suture than elsewhere; clypeus,
in addition, with numerous small punctures amongst the
larger ones; front face of clypeus with numerous punctures,
but in middle the setiferous ones confined to a single row.
Antennae with fourth joint slightly longer than third, the
two combined scarcely longer than second, seventh-ninth
forming a rather small club. Maxillary palpi with penultimate
joint slightly longer than antepenultimate, and_ slightly
shorter than apical. Prothoraxz about thrice as wide as long,
sides strongly and evenly rounded, front angles acute and
produced, hind ones obtuse but not completely rounded off ;
punctures rather denser and larger than usual. Flytra
slightly dilated posteriorly; geminate-striae moderately dis-
tinct, punctures fairly numerous but (except in the striae)
usually smaller than on prothorax; suture strongly bimu-
cronate. Pygidiwm with numerous small punctures and a
conspicuous median carina, the propygidium close, to its
suture with a conspicuous, bisinuate, briefly setose ridge.
Basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than second.
Length, 14 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I.
7813.

In general appearance somewhat like firma or a small
solida, but palpi, suture, and pygidium all very different. In

505

Blackburn’s table of Group 4, the punctures of its elytra
would associate it with deceptor and sloanei, both of which
have the sutural mucros very short (practically absent) and
the pygidium non-carinate. The prothorax is not so dark as
the rest of the upper-surface, but it is much darker than the
antennae. The type has a curious oily appearance.

HAPLONYCHA NOVEMARTICULATA, Nn. sp.

Rather dark reddish-castaneous and lightly iridescent,
antennae much paler. Under-surface and legs rather densely
clothed with golden hairs, each lateral gutter of pronotum
with a feeble row of hairs; membranous fringe of elytra long,
its greatest length about equal to that of fourth joint of
hind tarsi; pygidium (except at its glabrous tip) with dense,
very short and stiff setae.

Head with moderately dense and coarse punctures, rather
denser in middle of base of clypeus than elsewhere; front
face of clypeus with numerous punctures, but in middle the
setiferous ones confined to a single row. Antennae with third
and fourth joints subequal, seventh-ninth forming a compara-
tively small club. Maxillary palpi with penultimate joint
slightly longer than antepenultimate, and distinctly shorter
than apical. Prothoraz about thrice as wide as long, sides
strongly rounded in middle, thence oblique to apex and
arcuate to base, front angles acute and produced, hind ones
obtuse and not rounded off; punctures rather small and
sparse. Hlytra very feebly dilated to beyond the middle;
punctures larger and more numerous than on prothorax,
striation feeble; suture acutely bimucronate. Pygidium
finely shagreened, except at tip; its suture with propygidium
marked by a conspicuous, briefly setose, feebly bisinuate
ridge. Basal joint of hind tars: much longer than second.
Length, 154-165 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea (F. N. Mack), Murray
River (H. 8. Cope). Type, I. 7815. .

In general appearance strikingly close to octoarticulata,
but each antenna has nine distinct joints; it also looks like
a very small firma, but the prothorax has much smaller
punctures, and the apical joint of the palpi is considerably
shorter and stouter. The hind angles of the prothorax
somewhat resemble those of badia, but the two species are
otherwise very different. On dissection the penultimate joint
of the palpi is seen to be just a trifle longer than the ante-
penultimate, so the species should be referred to Group 4; it
is certainly not ‘‘much’’ longer, however, so in the table it
should be referred to CC, in which it looks as much out of
place as does nobilis; but if referred to C its elytral punctures

506

would associate it with deceptor and sloane:, from both of
which it is readily distinguished by its much smaller size,
sharply defined basal angles of prothorax, and sutural mucros.
On the male the rami of the club are about once and one-
half the length of those of the female.

HAPLONYCHA VILLOSA, NR. sp.

Dark reddish-castaneous and vaguely iridescent; elytra
slightly paler than rest of upper-surface, antennae paler, club
still paler. Under-surface and legs with dense, somewhat
golden hairs, numerous somewhat similar but paler hairs on
upper-surface, membranous fringe of elytra moderately long,
but becoming shorter posteriorly; pygidium with dense and
rather short stiff setae.

Head with coarse, crowded, confluent punctures; front
face of clypeus with dense punctures, the setiferous ones
forming a double row except in exact middle, but becoming
dense at sides. Antennae with fourth joint distinctly longer
than third, seventh-ninth forming a club. Maxillary palpi
with penultimate joint distinctly longer than antepenultimate,
and distinctly shorter than apical. Prothorax about thrice
as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, front angles acute
and produced, hind ones rounded off; punctures larger and
denser than usual, but not very dense. “/ytra lightly dilated
from base; geminate-striae rather feeble, punctures numerous
and of moderate size, larger in striae than elsewhere; suture
acutely mucronate. Pygidiwm shagreened and _ punctate
almost throughout. Length, 17-21 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type.
Es0t.

In Blackburn’s tables would be referred to DD of Group
4, but it is very different in general appearance to amabilis,
and it is the only species known, much of whose upper-surface
is clothed with numerous long, straggling hairs; these are
numerous on head (including clypeus), fill all the gutters of
pronotum and are numerous in front, on the elytra they are
geminate in arrangement (but owing to their length the
geminate arrangement is scarcely evident, unless the elytra
are viewed from behind), but become more numerous and
irregular towards the sides. Abraded specimens look some-
what like punctiventris, deceptor, and firma. The sutural
mucros are longer than the membranous fringe, and instead
of continuing the general curve of the suture project some-
what outwards; the propygidium, slightly above its suture
with the pygidium, has a conspicuous feebly bisinuate ridge,
crowned with closely set, suberect, golden setae, but the
ridge is often covered by the elytra; the basal joint of the

507

hind tarsi, when viewed from the outer side, appears to be
shorter than the second joint, but when viewed from the
inner side is seen to be slightly longer. On the male the
rami of the club are slightly longer than on the female, but
I can detect no other sexual differences. Numerous speci-
mens were obtained at lights.

HAPLONYCHA CARA, 0. SP.

Deep-red and brightly iridescent; elytra (suture and
margins narrowly excepted) flavous. Sterna and legs with
dense, pale, golden hairs, a few hairs in lateral gutters of
pronotum; elytra with membranous fringe very short;
pygidium with rather sparse, short, semi-decumbent setae.

Head with sharply defined punctures of moderate size,
nowhere confluent but more crowded about base of clypeus
than elsewhere ; front face of clypeus in middle with a single
row of setiferous punctures, but more numerous on sides.
Antennae nine-jointed, the club three-jointed. Maxillary
palpi with penultimate joint slightly longer than ante-
penultimate, and distinctly shorter than apical. Prothorax
more than thrice as wide as long, sides strongly rounded,
‘front angles produced and acute, hind ones obtuse but not
rounded off; punctures rather small and sparse. Hlytra
almost parallel-sided; geminate-striae distinct and _ close
together, but the pairs rather widely separated; punctures
rather numerous and of moderate size, but absent or sparse
within the pairs of striae; suture very feebly mucronate.
Pygidium rather strongly convex, very finely wrinkled; base
with small crowded punctures, becoming sparser towards the
tip. Basal joint of hind tars: distinctly longer than second.
Length, 15-19 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H.
Wright), Murray River (H. S. Cope). Type, I. 4629.

On dissection the penultimate joint of the palpi is seen
to be slightly longer than the antepenultimate, and,’ as the
elytra are brightly iridescent, there need be no hesitation in
referring the species to CC, of Group 4, where it would be
associated with bella, from which it is at once distinguished
by its three-jointed club; in general appearance it is strikingly
close to some specimens of gracilis, but that species has a five-
jointed club. The antennae differ considerably in the sexes,
on the male the fifth joint is so closely and obliquely applied
to the fourth that it appears to be a narrow apical portion of
that joint; but on the female its distinction is at once evident,
and it appears to be even stouter than the fourth; on the
female the club is distinctly shorter than on the male, and
conspicuously three-jointed, but on the male the last joint

508

is stouter and has a feebly defined median line, causing it to
appear at first like two joints very closely applied together ;
the female is also slightly more dilated posteriorly, and the
pygidium is more convex.

HAPLONYCHA IRIDIPENNIS, Nl. sp.

Black and brilliantly iridescent, the elytra especially so;
parts of antennae, of tarsi, and tips of elytra diluted with red.
Sterna and legs with rather dense and somewhat golden hair;
lateral gutters of pronotum with sparse hairs; membranous
fringe of elytra extremely short; pygidium with sparse and
very short, indistinct setae.

Antennae with third and fourth joints equal and rather
short, seventh-ninth forming a club. Pygidium moderately
convex, with punctures of two kinds: very small ones almost
evenly distributed, and larger (but not very large) ones,
crowded at the base, and becoming sparse towards apex.
Length, 15-16 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H.
Wright), Tintinara. Type, I. 4627.

On dissection the penultimate joint of the maxillary palpi
is seen to be slightly longer than the antepenultimate, so as
the derm is brilliantly iridescent I have no hesitation in
referring it to Group 4; in general appearance it is very close
to pulchella (with which it would be associated in that group),
but it is even more brilliantly iridescent, and may be at once
distinguished by the pygidium; on that species that part is
densely clothed with short, stiff setae, placed at right angles
to the derm; on the present species its clothing is sparse, not
supported by granules, and more or less closely applied to the
surface. Structurally it is exactly as described in the preceding
species, except for its antennae and pygidium, and that the
elytral punctures are somewhat larger and more rugose. The
three specimens before me appear to be of one sex.

Group 5.
HAPLONYCHA SEMIOPACA, Nl. sp.

Dark reddish-brown; most of elytra of a shining
castaneous-red, antennae paler. Sterna and legs with dense
pale hairs, lateral gutters of pronotum with a few straggling
hairs; fringes of elytra abnormal; pygidium with rather
short, dense, stiff setae on small granules.

Head with dense punctures of moderate size, but larger
on convex portion of clypeus than elsewhere; front face of
clypeus with dense, setiferous punctures, but confined to a
single row across middle. Antennae nine-jointed, the club

509

four-jointed. Prothorax less than thrice as wide as the median
length, sides moderately rounded in middle, thence oblique
to apex and subarcuate to base, front angles produced and
very acute, the hind ones obtuse but not rounded off;
punctures sparse and small. Hlytra somewhat dilated
posteriorly; geminate-striae moderately distinct, punctures
fairly dense and of moderate size; sutural mucros acute and
moderately long. Pygidiwm rough and granulate. Basal
joint of hind tars: longer than second. Length, 18-21 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Murat and Denial Bays (Dr.
C. T. Abbott). Type, I. 4635.
The polished portion of the elytra commences almost at
the scutellum on the suture, but on the sides about the
middle, so that the outer basal portion and the entire
-pronotum is opaque, but with a kind of bloom, this being
exactly alike on the six specimens before me; but on twisting
the specimens about the bloom, from certain directions,
appears to be almost white. On some specimens the proportions
of the maxillary joints of the palpi are not clearly visible,
but on dissection the penultimate joint is seen to be distinctly
shorter than the antepenultimate, so that the species should
not be referred to Group 4; but if referred to that group it
could only be placed in CC, from all the species of which it is
strikingly different in general appearance, and even in a
bright light it is but faintly iridescent. Referring it to Group
5, it should be placed with D, EE, and the base of its
prothorax is as on sinuaticollis 12). In general appearance,
except for the bloom, it seems close to firma and _ small
specimens of deceptor. The prothorax is longer than usual in
the genus. The elytral fringes are rather peculiar and unlike
‘those of any other species I have examined; on each side at
the base a row of stiff setae, directed at right angles to the
derm, commences in the usual way, but the setae soon become
closely compacted, till from about the middle they are touch-
ing, and at the first glance appear to form a rather long
ragged membranous fringe right to the apex, but the true
membranous fringe is very short, and quite concealed from
above. On the male the fifth joint of the antennae has a
short but acute spur, and the rami of the club are subequal in
length, and considerably longer than the basal joint, on the
females the fifth joint has a shorter and less acute spur, and
the first joint of the club is only about two-thirds the length

(12) The sinuation of the base relied upon by Blackburn to
separate F and FF is a very unsatisfactory character, and the
words ‘‘strongly’’ and ‘‘feebly’’ used are misleading, as in co-
ae of sinuaticollis and rustica the difference at the base is but
shght.

510

of the others, and these are scarcely longer than the basal
joint.

A male from Minnipa Hill appears to be an aberrant
member of this species, it differs from the other males in being
slightly narrower, the bloom apparently absent (a slight
amount of bloom, however, can be noticed from certain
directions, suggesting that the balance has been rubbed off)
and the setae on the pygidium much less dense (although still
fairly numerous). In general appearance this male is very
close to a co-type of simuaticollis, but that species is without
short erect setae on the pygidium.

Group 6.
HIAPLONYCHA OPACA, 0. sp.
PlY xxxivis ieee:

Castaneous-red and opaque; under-surface and legs with
dense, somewhat reddish hairs, a few straggling hairs in
lateral gutters of pronotum; membranous fringe of elytra
very short; pygidium with rather short,and not very dense
semidecumbent setae.

Head with dense but small punctures behind clypeal
suture; clypeus with denser and larger punctures about base,
but becoming small towards apex, front face with a single
row of large setiferous punctures across middle, but irregular
on sides. Antennae with fourth joint not much longer than
third, seventh-ninth forming a club. Maxillary palpi with
penultimate joint much shorter than apical. Prothorax
almost four times as wide as the median length, sides strongly
rounded, front angles feebly produced and rounded off, hind
ones completely rounded off; punctures sparse and very small.
Elytra very feebly dilated to beyond the middle, geminate-
striae feebly defined; punctures small and sparse, suture
unarmed. Pygidium gibbous towards apex; with crowded
and rather small punctures about base, becoming sparser
posteriorly. Basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 21-25 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H.
Wright), Murray River (H. S. Cope), Darke Peake (P. G.
Dolling). Type, I. 4636.

On dissection the penultimate joint of the maxillary
palpi is seen to be a trifle shorter than the antepenultimate,
and as the dorsal surface of the body is not iridescent it
appears desirable not to refer the species to Group 4, and if
not to that group it could only be referred to E of Group 3
but it is strikingly different to pectoralis and pygmaea; in

51]

fact its curiously opaque velvety appearance is very different
to that of any other species known to me. Of the seven
specimens in the Museum, one has the rami of the club rather
longer than on the others, but I can detect no other differences
likely to be sexual. There are two specimens of the species
from Ouyen (Victoria) in the National (Melbourne) Museum.

HaPLONYCHA RUFICOLLIS, MN. Sp.

Reddish-castaneous; head and elytra almost black, parts
of abdomen deeply infuscated. Under-surface and legs with
dense and somewhat reddish hairs, a few similar hairs close
to each eye on upper-surface of head, and filling all the
gutters of pronotum, pygidium glabrous; membranous fringe
of elytra extremely short.

Head with crowded and somewhat irregular but not very
large punctures, more crowded on a convex space at base of
clypeus than elsewhere, and less crowded immediately behind
the convex space ; front face of clypeus with rather dense and
moderately large punctures, but setae across middle confined
to a single row. Antennae with third and fourth joints
subequal and lightly transverse, seventh-ninth forming a club.
Maxillary palpi with apical and antepenultimate joints of
equal length, and conspicuously longer than penultimate.
Prothorax very little more than twice as wide as the median
length, sides strongly and evenly rounded, front angles pro-
duced but not very acute, hind ones completely rounded off,
base strongly bisinuate with the median lobe conspicuous ;
punctures rather small and irregularly distributed. Elytra
subparallel-sided ; geminate-striae very conspicuous, the space
between each pair impunctate and convex, but between pair
and pair with numerous punctures and irregularly obliquely
wrinkled; suture unarmed. /Pygidiwm shining, moderately
convex, with minute and rather sparse punctures. Hind
tibiae much shorter than usual; basal joint of hind tarsi
distinctly longer than second. Length, 17-19 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7816.

The setae in the middle of the front face of the clypeus
are in a regular row, but as it was upon the punctures that
Blackburn founded his sixth and seventh groups, this species
must be referred to Group 6, where it can only be associated
with clara, from which it differs strikingly in colour, in being
more parallel-sided, prothorax less transverse and with
smaller punctures, and the legs considerably shorter and
stouter. The clothing of the hind margins of the pronotum
is more pronounced than is usual on species other than of
Group 2. The general appearance of the insect is much like

512

many of the smaller Dynastides. The pygidium, although
itself glabrous, is fringed with long hairs, these being much
more conspicuous on the propygidium than is usual in the
genus. On the male the rami of the club are about once and
one-half the length of those of the female.

HAPLONYCHA DILATATA, N. sp.

Piceous-brown (almost black); prothorax and scutellum
of a dingy-red, antennae paler. Sterna and legs with rather
dense, whitish hairs, lateral gutters of pronotum with a few
long hairs; elytra with membranous fringe very short;
pygidium very sparsely clothed.

Head with dense punctures of moderate size; clypeus not
specially convex at middle of base, front face of clypeus with
rather dense punctures, but the setiferous ones across middle
confined to a single row. Antennae with third and fourth
joints rather short and subequal, seventh-ninth forming a
club. Maxillary palpi with apical and antepenultimate joints
rather long and equal, and distinctly longer than the
penultimate. Prothorax not thrice as wide as long, sides
strongly rounded, front angles produced and acute, hind ones
rounded off; punctures numerous and rather small. Hlytra
rather strongly dilated to beyond the middle; geminate-
striae distinct, the space between each pair rather narrow,
convex, and impunctate, but with numerous punctures
between pair and pair; suture unarmed. Pygidiuwm with
small, crowded punctures almost throughout; with a distinct
elongate tubercle (or subcarinate swelling) in middle. Basal
joint of hind tars: distinctly shorter than second. Length,
11-124 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (J. A Anderson and A. A.
Girault). Type, I. 4642.

In Blackburn’s table of Group 6, would be associated
with pectoralis and pygmaea,5) and its elytral punctures
are intermediate in character between those of the two species
named, but in general appearance it is not very close to them ;
it is smaller than pygmaea, the elytra more dilated posteriorly
and the pygidium very different. Four other specimens from
Cairns appear to belong to this species, but differ in being
entirely pale-castaneous, the antennal rami shorter, the elytra
even more dilated posteriorly, and the tubercular swelling of
the pygidium less evident, they are probably females, and the
others are probably males.

(13) One specimen was labelled by Mr. Blackburn ‘“‘Sp. nov.,
near pygmaea.”’ :

513

MAECHIDIUS SAVAGEI, N. sp.
Pi xxxyvil.,. fiz, 88,

Dull piceous-brown; legs not much paler, antennae and
palpi castaneo-flavous. With short, stiff, depressed stramineous
setae.

Head rather strongly and evenly convex between eyes,
densely granulate-punctate; clypeus rather widely but deeply
notched in front, each side obtusely trilobed. Prothorax
with sides obtusely serrated, base strongly bisinuate, with
the hind angles sharply acute and lightly produced, vaguely
depressed along middle, and still more vaguely across middle ;
with dense, but rather small and shallow punctures. Llytra
with almost regular series of rather small punctures, each at
base with a small granule. Pygidiwm with a narrow median
carina. Front tibiae obtusely tridentate, the third tooth
ahmost in exact middle; hind tibiae with two series of small
but acute tubercles, the external apical process rather short;
hind tarsi with basal joint distinctly shorter than second and
third combined, claws without basal quills. Length, 7-8 mm.

Hab.—South Australia (Rev. A. P. Burgess), Parachilna
(Field Naturalists’ Excursion). Type, I. 420.

On this, as on most species of the genus, there is a small
shining granule at the base of each elytral puncture, and a
depressed seta proceeds from each granule so that from some
directions the elytra appear to be supplied with numerous
strings of rather widely spaced beads. In general appearance
it is like sordidus, but is smaller and without tarsal quills;
from clypealis it differs in being darker and hind angles of
prothorax very acute, etc.; it is also close to modiceus, but the
basal joint of the hind tarsi is shorter and stouter, and the
clypeus is slightly more undulated. In Blackburn’s table
(ante, 1898, pp. 57-59) it would be associated with ater, and
it is similar in size and shape to that species, but is not black,
the clypeus is rather more deeply notched in front, the hind
angles of the prothorax are rather more acute, the appearance
as of rows of beads on the elytra is less conspicuous and the
two basal joints of the hind tarsi are somewhat differently
proportioned. On the male the hind tibiae near the apex and
the three basal joints of the hind tarsi are clothed with more:
numerous long hairs than on the female. The club of the
antennae is three-jointed on this and on all the following
new species.

MAECHIDIUS HOPLOCEPHALUS, N. sp.
PEexxxvii., fie. 89:

Dull reddish-brown; antennae and palpi flavous. With
thin, suberect, stramineous setae, becoming rather long on
legs.

R

514

Head strongly convex and with large granules betwe-
eyes, with large punctures in front; clypeus deeply notche..
in front, and with three strong teeth on each side, the basal
tooth more obtuse than the others. Prothorax rather strongly
and evenly convex, sides obtusely serrated, base rather
strongly bisinuate, the hind angles almost rectangular; with
numerous distinct granules, each marking the base of a
puncture. Hlytra with close-set geminate rows of shallow,
suboblong punctures, with indistinct granules. Pygidium
with large shallow punctures, and without a median carina.
Front tbiae strongly tridentate, the third tooth distinctly
nearer base than apex ; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer
than second, claws slightly appendiculate at base, but without
quills. Length, 64-7 mm.

Hab.— Queensland, Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type,
Tes is: :

The size of parvulus, but the head very different. In
Blackburn’s table the species would be associated with major
and gibbicollis, but it is very much smaller, and the sides of
the clypeus and the mentum (this is conspicuously keeled
along the middle) are very different. The appearance as of
rows of beads on the elytra is very ill-defined on the species.

MAECHIDIUS CONSPICUUS, N. sp.
Pl, xxxvii., fig. 90.

Reddish-brown and shining; antennae flavous. Upper-
surface with short, stiff, depressed, whitish setae, becoming
conspicuously longer on under-surface, and still longer on
legs.

- Head conspicuously elevated between the eyes, and with
rather large punctures; clypeus widely notched in front, the
middle of the notch with a distinct subtriangular elevation,
each side with three lobes, the front one subdentiform, the
second more obtuse, and the third still more obtuse.
Prothorax moderately convex, with a vague longitudinal
impression and remnants of a still more vague transverse one,
sides rather strongly serrated, and stbangulate in middle,
base strongly bisinuate, the hind angles slightly obtuse;
with moderately large punctures, not very crowded about
middle. “iytra with narrow striae, the interstices wide and
with punctures cutting into each so as to give their margins
a crenulated appearance, towards the sides each interstice
becomes almost like a continuous series of small zigzags;
without distinct granules. Pygidiwm with moderately large
punctures, becoming crowded about apex, with a shallow
median line. Front tibiae strongly tridentate, the third

515

tooth distinctly nearer base than apex, hind tibiae with two
rows of granules, of which one row is larger than the other,
but abruptly terminated; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly
longer than second; claws without quills. Length, 10 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Minnipa Hill (W. J. Spafford).
Type (unique), I. 7967.

The hind tibiae are certainly not normal, but the median
projection is not in the nature of a transverse carina (as on
tibialis and in the description of cagtalis), but is due to the
abrupt termination of a longitudinal row of granules or
denticulations, somewhat as on rugosipes (which Blackburn
associated in his table with tebzalis). It seems desirable
therefore that this species should be associated with those
mentioned, but from which (as from all others known to me)
it may be distinguished by the head, and especially by the
dentiform elevation (very distinct from the sides) on the front
of the clypeus. The head at the base is not evenly convex,
but there is a conspicuous flat-topped elevation abruptly
terminated at each eye; from the sides the mentum appears
to slope upwards to a central point; from in front it appears
like a slightly truncated triangle, with the front face gently
concave.

MAECHIDIUS SQUAMIPENNIS, 0. sp.
Pi sorxvil.; fie, 90,

Blackish ; legs obscurely paler, antennae castaneo-flavous.
Upper-surface with short, stiff, depressed, pale setae, but 10
addition sides of prothorax and the elytra with large, elliptic,
depressed scales; under-surface with clothing varying from
stiff setae to short stout scales.

Head rather lightly convex, densely granulate-punctate ;
clypeus widely and very feebly notched in front, each side
with a moderately distinct notch near apex, and a very
feeble one towards the base. Prothorax moderately convex,
sides strongly rounded and strongly but obtusely serrated,
base bisinuate ; with large, round punctures, becoming smaller
and more crowded on sides. H/ytra with geminate rows of
shallow, suboblong punctures, each with a small basal
granule; interstices feebly elevated. Front tzbzae strongly
tridentate, third tooth almost in the exact middle; claws
without basal quills. Length, 8 mm.

Hab.—South Australia (Rev. A. P. Burgess). Type
(unique), I. 406.

A subopaque species. As the hind legs of the type are
missing it is impossible to place it in Blackburn’s table
beyond A, B; but the clothing of the upper-surface renders it
abundantly distinct from all previously described species; on
the pronotum the scales are confined to the sides, but on each

R2

516

elytron they are in five irregular rows (the second and third
subgeminately arranged). The appearance as of strings of
beads on the elytra is rather distinct from some directions,
but is interfered with to a certain extent by the scales. The
mentum, when viewed perpendicularly, appears like a flat,
shining semicircle.

MAECHIDIUS SCULPTIPENNIS, Nn. Sp.
Plixxxva ae) 92.

Blackish; parts of legs obscurely diluted with brown,
antennae and palpi somewhat paler.

Head rather strongly convex, and with coarse crowded
punctures, becoming somewhat smaller on clypeus: this deeply
notched in front, and with each side strongly trilobed.
Prothoraxz moderately convex, sides strongly rounded and
obtusely serrated, base strongly bisinuate, with the hind
angles acute, with a vague median depression; with crowded
and large punctures, becoming smaller on sides. FHlytra very
irregularly sculptured. Front t:bzae tridentate, two first
teeth large and close together, the third much smaller and
almost in the exact middle, hind tibiae obtusely serrated ;
basal joint of hind tarsi not much longer than second: each
claw with a conspicuous quill. Length, 95-10 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow
and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 4811.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with macleay-
anus, which has similarly sculptured head and prothorax, but
very different elytra. in many respects it agrees with the
description of sexdentatus, but the size is somewhat larger,
the lateral projections of the clypeus are too obtuse to be
called triangular, and the hind angles of the prothorax are
acute and directed slightly outwards. The geminate rows of
punctures on the elytra are conspicuous, and each puncture
has a distinct shining granule, so that the appearance as of
strings of beads is unusually pronounced ; but on each elytron
there are three wide, shining interstices, strongly crenulated
by the punctures, about half of which are without granules.
There are no true granules on the head, but there appear to
be numerous ones from certain directions; the notch in front
of the clypeus passes along the lower lip, and terminates on
the mentum, which has a distinct median fovea.

MAECHIDIUS INSULARIS, Nn. sp.
P). xxxvi, dig. 938.
Dull-black; elytra and parts of legs obscurely diluted

with red; antennae flavous. Clothed with thin, depressed
pale setae.

a17

Head rather strongly convex and densely granulate-
punctate between eyes; clypeus deeply notched in front, each
side strongly but somewhat obtusely tridentate. Prothorax
rather strongly and evenly convex, sides moderately rounded
and very obtusely serrated, each side of base widely excised,
the hind angles rather obtuse; with crowded but (for the
genus) small and shallow punctures.. Hlytra with close-set
rows of very shallow punctures. Pygidium densely granulate-
punctate. Front tibiae strongly tridentate, third tooth
somewhat nearer base than apex; basal joint of hind tibiae
almost as long as second and third combined; claws each with
a basal quill. Length, 74-8 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Melville Island (W. D.
Dodd). Type, I. 4813.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with emar-
gmatus, from which it differs in its much smaller size and
very different clypeus; it has the general appearance as of
fissiceps on a very small scale. The rows of punctures on the
elytra are very close together, and are scarcely geminate in
arrangement; each puncture is like a small elliptic ring
(rather than a small pit) the central part of which is on a
level with the rest of the elytra; the setae are rather more
numerous than usual, but on the elytra they are confined to
regular series. The mentum is almost semicircular in outline,
and gently depressed in the middle.

MAECHIDIUS LATERIPENNIS, 0. sp.
Plo mxxvire? fis. 94°

Dull reddish-castaneous; antennae paler. With thin,
short, depressed, pale setae.

Head rather strongly convex, and densely granulate-
punctate between eyes, and on a feeble median elevation at
base of clypeus; clypeus deeply notched in front, each side
with three prominent processes, of which the first is rather
acute, the second somewhat obtuse, and the third still more

obtuse. Prothorax moderately convex, sides moderately

rounded and obtusely serrated, base widely and rather
shallowly excised on each side, hind angles subobtuse, a
shallow but distinct transverse depression on each side of
middle; with fairly large and dense punctures, towards sides
becoming crowded and granulate. SH/ytra with close-set,
subgeminate rows of shallow punctures. Front tibiae strongly
tridentate, the third tooth distinctly nearer base than apex:
claws each with a basal quill. Length, 6-74 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (N. Davies). Type,
I. 4812. .

518

[I think this species should be regarded as having the
hind angles of the prothorax excised, although the excisions
are less pronounced than in some species, they are much as
on clypealis, acutangulus, and imitator, commented upon by
Blackburn as doubtful in this respect; the species therefore
is associated with AA, BB (if not referred there in Blackburn’s
table it could hardly be referred to AA, E, as the angles are
not acute, although the base is strongly sinuate, or to E, as
the base is strongly sinuate and the angles obtuse), and with
excisicollis, from which it differs in being much smaller anc
in many other particulars; in size and general appearance,
and in its deeply notched clypeus, it seems quite close to
hoplocephalus, but the claws of that species are without basal
quills. Four of the five specimens under examination have on
each elytron a shining subcarinate elevation from the shoulder
to the basal third (apparently as in froggatt:, from the
description of which, however, it differs in many particulars),
and commencing near it (but nearer the side) another one
that is continued almost to the apex, where it turns round
and terminates half-way to the suture; the latter is somewhat
suggestive of the sexual brands of Awtomolus, but it is
certainly not a feminine character, as the basal joints of the
hind tarsi have the rather dense clothing of many males of
the genus; the fifth specimen is entirely without the shining
lines, and the basal joint of its hind tarsi (the only one left)
is without sexual adornment. On one of the males (otherwise
normal) two of the joints of each club are longitudinally cleft
down the middle, so that the club appears to be five-jointed.
Antennalis, described as having a five-jointed club, and
apparently with very similar elytra, appears to have the
clypeus strikingly different. The mentum is subtriangular
and gently concave.

MAECHIDIUS ATRATUS, Burm., var.

Two specimens from Victoria (Emerald) would be
associated with atratus in Blackburn’s table, and in size and
general appearance they are close to that species, but they are
shining instead of opaque, and the punctures of the upper
surface are considerably deeper (although scarcely wider) and
much more conspicuous, those of the pronotum being as on
macleayanus. The sinuation of the clypeus and base of
prothorax and the curious dentition of the front tibiae are
exactly as on typical specimens of afratus, so that 1t does not
appear desirable to regard these specimen: as representing
more than a variety.

519

MAECHIDIUS PARVULUS, Macl.
M. acutangulus, Waterh.
Pl. xxxvii., figs. 95 and 148.

Ul. parvulus was passed over by Blackburn as being
unidentifiable from the description. I have, however,
examined the type, and it agrees well with the specimen he
identified as acutangulus, and which agrees with the descrip-
tion, and also with a specimen sent by Mr. Arrow as such.

MAECHIDIUS CAPITALIS, Blackb.

The type of this species is a peculiarly robust convex
specimen, with the head much more sinuous on one side than
on the other; it is now in the British Museum. I have seen
nothing at all close to it, and think it should not have been
made into a type.

MAECHIDIUS SORDIDUS, Boi., var.
PL xxexyiis ee, 96.

A Sydney specimen was standing, without comment,
with other specimens of sordidus in Blackburn’s collection ;
but it differs from the typical form (as he identified it) in
being of a brighter colour, with the clothing brighter and
longer (quite conspicuously so, even to the naked eye, on the
head and prothorax). A similarly coloured and clothed
specimen (from Brisbane) was in his collection, and I have
seen others from Galston, Sydney, and Mittagong. In the
table these specimens would fall into the place assigned to
sordidus, and they appear to represent a variety only of that
species.

MAECHIDIUS FISSICEPS, Macl. (pl. xxxvui., fig. 97).
LATUS, Waterh. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 98).

EXCISICOLLIS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvui., fig. 99).
CAVICEPS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvui., fig. 100).
CRENATICOLLIS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 101).
TIBIALIS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., figs. 102 and 149).
ATER, Waterh. (pl. xxxvil., fig. 103). |
RUGOSICOLLIS, Macl. (pl. xxxvui., fig. 104).
CLYPEALIS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 105).
LONGITARSIS, Waterh. (pl. xxxvii., figs. 106 and 150).
SPURIUS, Kirby (pl. xxxvii., fig. 107).

Some outline details of these species are given for purposes
of comparison.

SS SSESESES

CAULOBIUS PUNCTULATUS, Blackb.
This species Was named as from the type only, but there
was a specimen labelled as a co-type in Blackburn’: collection
and from the original collector and locality.

520

lar. ( ¢).—There are also in the Museum seven specimens
from the Warren River (Western Australia) that appear to
belong to the species, but of these only one has the head and
prothorax darker than the elytra, but its metasternum is not
also dark; they all have the elytral punctures in irregular
double rows, and a few are confluent, so that they appear like
single, transverse, angular punctures, on the co-type this is
more pronounced, so that they are much coarser and in
irregular single rows. On the Warren River specimens also
the elytral setae, over most of the surface, appear to be in
quite regular double rows, but on the co-type these are less _
conspicuous. All eight specimens have a long hair on each
shoulder.

CAULOBIUS CAVICEPS, n. sp.
Pl. xxxval., “ies. 10Siand— ot.

Of a rather dingy-castaneous; antennae paler, parts of
legs infuscated. Clothed with semi-decumbent, stramineous
setae, on the elytra seriate in arrangement; four basal joints
of each tarsus fasciculate on lower-surface.

Head with rather dense, asperate punctures; clypeus
rather long, apex lightly incurved to middle, sides moderately
curved and increasing in width to base, where each forms
an ocular canthus. Club elongate. Prothorar not twice as
wide as long, apex rather strongly incurved to middle, sides
subangulate in middle, base bisinuate; granulate-punctate,
the punctures as dense as on clypeus. Hlytra feebly dilated
to about middle, with geminate rows of asperate, setiferous.
punctures. Front t/bzae strongly bidentate at and near apex,,
and with a small basal tooth; tarsi elongate. Length, 8 mm.

Hab.— Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7966.

In general appearance like a small specimen of Ater-
monocheila longipes, but with the curious front tibiae of
Caulobius and Automolus. Of the known species of Caulobius
it is nearer to punctulatus than to any other: but it differs in
being larger, wider, and the clypeus longer, with its vertical
front face not triangularly dividing the mentum into two
lobes. Three interstices on each elytron are slightly elevated
and glabrous, being thus rendered rather distinct; on the
head the setae are rather dense between the eyes, becoming
sparser on clypeus, except that the hind wall of the front
elevation is rather densely clothed with short setae. The
lateral and front margins of the clypeus are rather strongly
elevated, rendering the front part of the head conspicuously
concave. The type is probably a male, and the peculiar
clothing of the tarsi (suggestive of Ocnodus), is possibly a
masculine feature.

521

ScITON FLAVOCASTANEUS, Nn. sp.
Pl, .axxvii., hes 109.

Flavo-castaneous; antennae flavous. Under-surface
rather sparsely clothed, upper-surface glabrous, except for a
few hairs in lateral gutters of pronotum.

Head with numerous rather smal] punctures, becoming
crowded near eyes, with a depression behind middle of clypeal
suture; clypeus irregularly concave, with somewhat larger and
sparser punctures than between eyes, front vertical and
truncate, each side rather strongly incurved. Antennae nine-,
club three-jointed. Prothorarx more than thrice as wide as
long, sides moderately rounded, hind angles rounded off, the
front ones lightly produced and acute; punctures rather
sparser, but otherwise much as on head. Seutellum impunc-
tate at apex and along middle. Llytra with punctures not
very large, but in places dense and frequently confluent
(subvermiculate); striation well-defined, but the geminate
pairs not much closer together than the others. Front tehiae
strongly tridentate; two basal joints of hind tarsi subequal.
Length, 125 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I.
7869.

A highly polished species, in this respect differing strik-

ingly from ruber and varucollis. which are also wider,

differently coloured, and with much less conspicuous punctures ;
paullus is slightly smaller, opaque, and otherwise very
different; the mentum is concave with the notch on each
side in front even more pronounced than on rwber.

In Blackburn’s table of the Sericoides (ante, 1898, p. 34)
Sciton is noted as having “front of clypeus with sharp lateral
angles, its sides straight,” but on ruber (the typical species),
on paullus, and also on the present species, the clypeus whilst
truncate in front, has each side quite conspicuously sinuous.

SCITON RUBER, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 110).
Se eauneus, Blackb.. (pl., xxxvil., figs 111).

Outlines of the clypeus are given for comparison with
that of the above species.

Ocnopus FALLAX, Blackb.
PL xxxviis,) fig, P12.

On the type male of this species the three basal joints of
the front tarsi are more dilated than on the female, and the
claw-joint is somewhat inflated and conspicuously lop-sided ;
the latter feature may have been considered accidental by
Blackburn, and so not mentioned, but it is exactly the same
on a male taken at Cue by Mr. H. W. Brown,

522

A female from Ooldea may belong to the species, but its
elytral punctures are very much smaller and nowhere con-
fluent, and the rami of the club are somewhat shorter than
on other females; it is also somewhat smaller (a still smaller
specimen from Lennonville with normal punctures is before
me, however), but otherwise agrees so well with co-type
females that it appears better to regard it as a probable
variety, than as a distinct species (till at any rate a male is
available for comparison).

O. sPINICOLLIS, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxvii., fig. 113).

OcNODUS UNIDENTATUS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xXxxyil,, “fies 152,

Very dark reddish-brown, darker on upper-surface than
under; antennae paler. Upper-surface glabrous, except for
a few setae in lateral gutters.

Head with fairly numerous, sharply defined punctures
between eyes, but a polished impunctate space in middle of
base; clypeus with somewhat larger and more crowded punc-
tures, sides evenly rounded but middle of apex truncate;
labrum not projecting beyond clypeus, and rather distant
from its summit; mentum depressed along middle, and with
sharply defined punctures. Prothorax evenly convex, sides
rounded in middle, oblique to apex, subarcuate to base;
punctures much as on head between eyes. H/ytra with sutural
interstice on each well-defined, slightly dilated near base, but
elsewhere evenly convex and with two regular rows of
punctures, striation elsewhere (except marginal) feebly defined
or absent; punctures rather larger and more crowded than
on prothorax. Pygidiwm with crowded and irregular punc-
tures, and with a median carina. Front tibiae strongly
produced at apex, and without teeth behind same. Length,
8 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 4821.

A highly polished species, appearing black to the naked
eye, the cephalic punctures are very sharply defined. The
basal angles of the prothorax, as seen from above, appear to
be quite sharply pointed, but when viewed at right angles are
seen to be right angles slightly rounded off. It is the only
known species with unidentate front tibiae.

Two specimens from the Northern Territory (Daly River
and Darwin, H. Wesselman) and one from North-western
Australia (Roebourne, J. P. Tepper) appear to belong to
this species, but differ in having the punctures on the head
decidedly smaller and denser (especially those behind the

523

clypeal suture), those on the pronotum also smaller and
denser, but the labrum mentum and front tibiae are as on
the type. The two specimens from the Territory are also
somewhat paler.

On this and all the following species the antennae are
nine-jointed, with the club three-jointed; the prothorax on
all of them is from a little more than three to nearly four
times as wide as long (but the degrees are too close to be of
use in descriptions), its apex is lightly bisinuate, with a
feeble granule marking the junction of the sinuations.

OcNODUS BIDENTATUS, N. sp.
Pip xxvii; fies: 114 and) 153:

Black or blackish; legs not much paler, antennae and
palpi bright-castaneous. Upper-surface glabrous, except for
a few setae in the lateral gutters.

Head rather large and convex, with densely crowded
punctures, less crowded about base than elsewhere; clypeus
strongly rounded; labrum not produced beyond clypeus, and
moderately distant from its summit; mentum not depressed
along middle, with an irregular row of punctures in front,
elsewhere without conspicuous punctures. /Prothorax rather
strongly convex, sides rounded in middle, arcuate to base,
front angles produced but rounded off: punctures sharply
defined and larger than on head but not so dense. Llytra
with large punctures in almost regular rows about suture and
sides, but not quite so regular elsewhere. Pygidiuwm with
coarse, crowded punctures, and an irregular median carina.
Front tzbiae strongly produced at apex and with a conspicuous
tooth at about one-third from apex. Length, 74-8 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murat Bay (Dr. C. T. Abbott),
Ooldea (A. O. Jones). Type, I. 4823.

A small black coarsely sculptured species, apparently
allied to porosus, but with the front tibiae bidentate; only
two species have been previously named with similar tibiae,
and of these sezssiceps (4) differs strikingly in many details
of the head and general sculpture; swspiciosus is a narrower
“species, with much smaller punctures and very different
clypeus and labrum. The tufts on the tarsi, and the clypeal
suture are less conspicuous than usual. The hind angles of
the prothcrax, as seen from above, appear to be acute and
rather small, with a notch before each, but from the side
each is seen to be more than a right angle.

(14) The type is now in the British Museum, but I examined
it prior to its being sent there.

524

OcNODUS BILOBUS, Nl. sp.
Plovtxxxvine tioeeed 5.

Dark castaneous-brown; antennae and palpi paler.

Upper-surface glabrous, except for a few setae in the lateral
gutters. :
Head with crowded punctures, larger on than behind
clypeus; clypeus conspicuously bilobed; labrum deeply
notched, the sides projecting slightly in front of clypeus;
mentum strongly impressed along middle, with large and
dense punctures. /rothorax rather lightly convex, sides
gently rounded, oblique to apex, arcuate to base; punctures
about as large as those between eyes, but sparser. H/ytra with
subsutural and lateral striae well-defined, but the others
feeble or absent, punctures moderately large and dense.
Pygidium with rather crowded punctures, and a feeble median
carina. Front tibtae produced at apex into a rather strong
tooth, a somewhat obtuse tooth near apex, and a still more
obtuse one in middle. Length, 8-9 mm.

Habh.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type, 1. 4820.

In general appearance strikingly close to /ugubris and
suspiciosus. There is a deep notch common to the clypeus
labrum and mentum, the labrum is not very prominent, but
its upper edge is close to the upper edge of the clypeus, so in
Blackburn’s table (ante, 1907, p. 278) it would be associated
with porosus, from which it differs considerably in the
punctures and other features; in lugubris the labrum is
deeply notched, but not the clypeus, in suspiciosus the front
tibiae are bidentate. From above ‘the hind angles of the
prothorax appear to be acute, but from the sides are seen to
be gently rounded off and rather larger than right angles;
the elytral striation is but feebly defined, but such as it is it
appears to mark off the punctures into very irregular,
alternate series, of two and of three rows; there is a highly
polished, impunctate, medio-basal space on the head, but
most of it is usually concealed by the overlapping prothorax.

OCNODUS TRIDENTATUS, N. sp.
Pl. xxxvilemos lod:

Dark castaneous-brown; antennae and palpi paler.
' Upper-surface glabrous, except for a few short setae in the
lateral gutters.

Head with crowded punctures, quite as dense behind as
in front of clypeal suture; clypeal margin rather strongly
elevated in front, and lightly incurved to middle; labrum
deeply notched, the sides scarcely projecting beyond clypeus;

525

mentum strongly impressed along middle with coarse punc-
tures. Prothoraxz moderately convex, sides gently rounded,
feebly arcuate towards base ; punctures less crowded than on
head, but similar in size. Hlytra with rather dense and large
punctures, divided off into irregular double and triple rows
by feeble striae. Pygidiwm with coarse punctures. Front
tibiae strongly tridentate. Length, 7-8 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River, Darwin (H.
Wesselman). Type, I. 7817.

The elytral striation is rather more defined than on the
preceding species, and somewhat similarly appears to divide
off the punctures into irregular rows; but it differs from that
species in the less conspicuously bilobed apex of clypeus, hind
tooth of front tibiae larger and more acute, and hind angles
of prothorax not quite the same, as from above they appear
to be almost rectangular. In Blackburn’s table would be
placed in B, but the character of the basal edging of the
pronotum that he used for C (fallax and lepidus) and CC
(lugubris) seems an unworkable one, it iy certainly somewhat
finer on dugubris than on the others, but the degree is not
very pronounced; the present species has the edging as on
lugubris, from which it differs in having the clypeus (as seen
from above) slightly incurved to its middle instead of
truncate; it is considerably smaller than fallax and lepidus;
in general appearance it is very close to susgrciosus, but the
front tibiae are tridentate.

OcNODUS SIMPLEX, N. sp.

Bright reddish-castaneous; antennae and palpi paler,
club almost flavous. Upper-surface glabrous, except for a
few setae in the lateral gutters.

Head with crowded punctures, uniform throughout
except for a polished medio-basal space; clypeus rounded on
the sides, truncate in front; labrum deeply notched, scarcely
projecting in front of clypeus, and distant from summit of
same; mentum with large but very shallow punctures. Pro-
thorax moderately convex, sides gently rounded; punctures
somewhat irregular. Hlytra with striation well defined only
near suture and sides; punctures large and mostly in irregular
rows. Front tibiae tridentate. Length, 94-11 mm.

Hab.—North-western Australia: Junction of Fitzroy
and Margaret Rivers (Calvert Expedition). Type, I. 570.

In general appearance somewhat like small pale specimens
of fallax, but front tarsi of male with claw-joint quite
symmetrical, and the pygidium of the female very different
to that of the female of fallax. From above the hind angles
of the prothorax appear to be somewhat obtuse, but from

526

the sides they are seen to be quite rounded off; its punctures
are sparser than on the head, at their densest they are
somewhat similar in size to those there, but where sparser
they are distinctly larger. The sexes are well-defined, on
the males the three basal joints of the front tarsi are wider
and much more densely clothed than on the female; and
its pygidium has large evenly distributed punctures; on the
female the pygidium has a large, subtriangular, polished and
impunctate apical space.

LIPARETRUS.

The species of this genus are abundant in many parts of
Australia in spring, on the foliage and flowers of eucalypti,
and on the flowers of many other myrtaceous trees and shrubs,
but some appear to be attracted by almost any kind of flower.

Macleay divided the genus into two sections, by the
antennae being nine- or eight-jointed (the club is always
composed of three joints), but Blackburn has pointed out that
some species of his Section 1 are really eight-jointed), whilst
only three (monticola, ferrugineus, and erythropygus) can
remain in Section 2, the others belonging to Automolus (and
one to Caulobwus). Macleay split up Section 1 into sub-
sections and groups by the structure of the clypeus and the
clothing (or want of it) of the upper-surface, and in general
his divisions are natural and easy to follow. Blackburn,
however, considered the front tibiae and basal joint of hind
tarsi. as (after the antennae) more important; so far as the
front tibiae are concerned his divisions are easy to follow. but
the divisions dependent upon the hind tarsi are often unsatis-
factory (in particular Groups 5, 6, and 7), and probably had
he attached higher importance to the clypeus a more satis-
factory arrangement would have been prepared. By either
system species apparently very closely allied are often widely
separated, and, also by either system, a slight amount of
abrasion may cause specimens of many species to be referred
to groups or subsections other than their correct ones.

Many species strongly resemble others from which they
are distinguished by unmistakably salient features of the
antennae and front tibiae, so that superficial comparisons are
not to be altogether relied wpon, and in every instance it
appears desirable to count the joints of the antennae; not
always an easy process; Blackburn, himself, although paying
very careful attention to the antennae, was deceived in at
least one instance (see notes under nigriclavus). Many species
vary in the colour of the elytra from red to black, the

pygidium and propygidium also so vary, but less frequently
than the elytra.

527

Where there has been a possibility of doubt as to which
group a species should be referred to, I have placed it in the
group that appears to be its correct one, but have also
compared it with species of the doubtful group or groups.

LIPARETRUS VILLOSICOLLIS, Mazcl.
Pl. xxxvii., figs. 1386, 137.

A female of this species (from Gisborne) has the black
part of the base of the elytra wider (especially beyond the
scutellum) than usual, and the suture, sides, and apex
distinctly infuscated.

LIPARETRUS CAPILLATUS, Mazcl.

A male from the old collection, and without locality
label, agrees well with the original description of capillatus
(except that the front angles of the clypeus are feebly
produced to one side, although much less conspicuously so
than on the other species of Macleay’s first subsection), and
- also with Blackburn’s comments upon that species; it also fits
exactly into the position assigned to it in Blackburn’s table.
A second specimen (from Badgebup, Western Australia),
structurally agrees perfectly with it, but has the clothing of
the head and pronotum much darker (this would refer it to
FF, of Group 2), but I believe this character to be non-
specific; both have a fairly close-set fringe of short, stiff
reddish setae, at the apex and apical sides of elytra.

LIPARETRUS MASTERSI, Macl.
PY xxxvar. fot’ 138;

Mr. Blackburn considered this species as doubtfully
distinct from germari, but there are before me two specimens
labelled by him as mastersi and germari (the former from
Western Australia, the latter from South Australia), and
they certainly appear to be distinct; they present the differ-
ences mentioned by Macleay. The specimen labelled mastersi,
and one (from Kalgoorlie) that agrees with it, have fairly
numerous hairs on the elytra in addition to those at the base,
but the species was referred to Group 2, characterized by
“elytra glabrous or nearly so.”

e

LIPARETRUS JUVENIS, Blackb.
Pe Xxxvii., fig, foo.

Six specimens from the Daly River (Northern Territory)
appear to belong to this species, or at least to represent a
variety of it; they differ from the types in being slightly
smaller, and elytra slightly paler and less iridescent. The

528

upper part of the propygidium, aa also of the pygidium,
has squamiform setae on some of the specimens, but they
appear to be easily abraded, as others have those parts quite
glabrous; hence their position in Group 4 depends on their
state of preservation; in good condition they would be
referred to H, II, to no species of which do they look at all
close; but with the hind parts abraded they would be referred
to HH, II, and there associated with juvenis. The punctures
on the head are not confluent, but I cannot regard them as
sparse, either on the types or on the Daly River specimens.

LIPARETRUS NIGROUMBRATUS, Blackb.

This species occurs in New South Wales, Victoria, Tas-
mania, and Flinders Island, as well as in South Australia. In
the original description all that was said of the clothing of
the hind parts was ‘“‘pygidio propygidioque longe fulvo-
pilosis,’’ but it is rather peculiar (there are a co-type and
other specimens named by Blackburn in the Museum) on
specimens in good condition it is almost white, and consists of
long straggling hairs, and rather dense pubescence (scarcely
setae), rather closely applied to the derm; on some specimens
there appears to be even a third kind of clothing: rather
short setae at right angles to the derm (but possibly these
are remnants of broken hairs). In the table the species was
placed in Group 5, but the basal joint of the hind tarsi (when
the full ‘length of each is visible) is seen to be distinctly
longer than the second. The colour variety, described from
Kangaroo Island, is equally as common as the typical form,
and on a rare variety the elytra are much darker (almost
piceous-brown).

LIPARETRUS SERICEUS, Macl. .

On this beautiful species (fairly common in the southern
parts of Queensland) the pygidium and propygidium are
occasionally reddish.

LIPARETRUS IRIDIPENNIS, Germ.

On some females of wrdipennis the elytra (except for a
basal infuscation) are obscurely reddish; the lateral fmnnge
of the pronotum was tabled by Blackburn as “whitish,” it is
often whitish at the base, but usually becomes considerably
darker in front.

LIPARETRUS TUBERCULATUS, Lea.
In Blackburn’s revision the statement was made that
this species was practically undescribed, and it was assumed
that my reference of it to Macleay’s Sec. 1, Sub-sec. 3, c,

|

529

was erroneous; in Blackburn’s table it was placed in Group
19 (a group characterized by having the antennae seven-
jointed). The antennae, however, are nine-jointed, and the
two basal joints of the hind tarsi are equal or almost so (from
some directions the first appears to be slightly the longer, but
from others slightly the shorter). Regarding them as equal
the species should be referred to Group 7, and there asso-
ciated with gractlipes, of which in fact it appears to be a
variety; it appears to be a female, with the tubercle on the
propygidium much more conspicuous than usual, and without
the “two short longitudinal furrows’ upon which special
stress was laid in the original description (in long series of
gracilipes these furrows appear to be quite as often absent as
present, but the male of the species is very distinct by its
bifasciculate abdomen).

LIPARETRUS PARVIDENS, Macl.

On this species (a common one about Brisbane) the
pygidium and propygidium are more often black than dark-
red (as on the type).

LIPARETRUS OBTUSIDENS, Macl.

In Blackburn’s table this species was associated with
parvidens as having the “front of clypeus feebly and obtusely
tridentate,’’ but the teeth of the male, although much less
acute than on tridentatus, are quite conspicuous (much more
so than on the male of parvidens). The species occurs in
Victoria, as well as in New South Wales.

LIPARETRUS ROTHEI, Blackb.

The type of this species was not in the Blackburn
collection when J: examined the types, and was not listed as
being in the British Museum. There was, however, a
specimen in the Blackburn collection standing with a reversed
label 45) that appears to belong to the species, and was from
the head of Yorke Peninsula; it is without the apical fringe
of the elytra of the type, but this appears to be a sexual
feature, as of eight specimens (taken on the Murray River by
Mr. F. R. Zietz) before me, three have a very conspicuous
fringe, while five are without one, as the three have the
abdomen considerably larger and more convex than the five,
the difference would appear to be sexual, the three being
females. The largest specimen is 4 mm. (the length of the
type), the smallest not quite 3 mm. At the time of its
description Blackburn was in doubt as to the number of

(15) Signifying doubt, or to be looked into.

530

joints of the antennae, but later (when tabulating the genus)
the species was placed in a nine-jointed group. Owing to
the close approximation of the joints between the second and .
club, I could not count these clearly with a Coddington lens,
but under a compound power it was seen that there were nine
joints, of which the fifth and sixth were very closely applied
to the club; the upper tooth of the front tibiae is very small,
and on some specimens almost approaches obliteration.

LIPARETRUS IMPRESSICOLLIS, Macl.

Three specimens, from Sydney and Galston (New South
Wales) differ from the typical form of this species in having
the elytra of a brighter red, the propygidium, pygidium, and
three apical segments of abdomen are also red ; their pygidium
has an irregular median carina, that is scarcely traceable on
the typical form.

LIPARETRUS DISCIPENNIS, Guer.

Two specimens from Stanthorpe (Queensland) differ from
the normal form of this species in having the prothorax and
elytra somewhat shining, and with much more conspicuous
punctures; but as they exactly fit into the position assigned
to the species in Blackburn’s table, and in other respects
agree with normal specimens, I presume they represent but
a variety.

LIPARETRUS FERRUGINEUS, Blanch.

A male before me has the clothing of the pronotum
confined to conspicuous fringes at the sides and apex, but
otherwise agrees with normal males; four females are entirely
without the apical fringe (they are in good condition and do
not appear to be abraded), and its absence would therefore
cause them (in Blackburn’s table) to be referred to Group 16
(instead of to Group 15).

LIPARETRUS FALLAX, Blackb.

I can see no difference whatever in the hind angles of the
prothorax of the type of fallax and specimens identified by
Mr. Blackburn as atriceps, but those of the former were
tabulated as ‘“‘quite defined’’ and of the latter as ‘‘rounded
off (non-existent).’’ Looking at them at right angles they
are seen to be rounded off, but from some _ directions
(especially if a few hairs are in the way) they appear to be
obtusely angular.

LIPARETRUS ABNORMALIS, Macl. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 140).

L. KREUSLERAE, Macl. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 141).

L. XANTHOTRICHUS, Macl. (pl. xxxvil., fig. 142).

531

L. FIMBRIATUS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 143).
L. NEcEssARIUS, Blackb. (pl. xxxvi., fig. 144).
L. pistinctus, Blackb. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 145).

Some outline details of these species are given for
purposes of comparison.
Group I.
LIPARETRUS NIGER, 0. Sp.
Blo xxxyii..s fio. 2116.

3. Black; front tibiae, antennae (club excepted) and
palpi more or less reddish. Front of head, pronotum
(including disc) and elytra about base and near suture, with
erect, straggling hair, varying from dingy-whitish to dark-
brown; under-surface, hind parts “© and legs with denser
and mostly whitish hair.

Head with crowded and more or less confluent punctures,
becoming sparser and larger on clypeus; sides and apex of
the latter rather strongly elevated, apex truncate, its sides
acute and produced. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax
with sides strongly rounded, hind angles rounded off, the
front ones acute; with numerous fairly large punctures,
mixed with smaller ones on disc, becoming crowded and more
uniform in size on sides. Hlytra with rather large punctures,
becoming smaller towards side and apex, geminate-striae
irregular. Hind parts with punctures much as on disc of
pronotum. Front tvbiae very obtusely tridentate; basal joint
of front tarsi narrow at base, inner edge then suddenly
dilated and keeled, front claws considerably thickened at
base, basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second.
Length, 10 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Kalgoorlie. Type (unique),
T. 7834.

As the elytra are clothed beyond the base (although the
clothing there is not very dense) the species belongs to Group
1, and there it would be associated with ater, from the
description of which it differs in having the punctures of the
head not “‘minute,’’ prothorax shining, with numerous fairly
large punctures and the geminate-striae of the elytra feeble;
Blackburn, in commenting upon ater, considered it possibly a
variety of phoemcopterus; the type of this differs from the
male of phoenicopterus in having the clypeus truncate in
front, and less produced at the sides, larger punctures, sparser
clothing, black elytra, and very obtuse teeth to front tibiae.

6) The propygidium and pygidium are the parts referred to
as hind parts.

532

LIPARETRUS INSIGNIS, nN. sp.
Pl. xxvii; Tees;

d. Black; antennae (club excepted) of a dull-red. Head,
pronotum (parts of disc excepted) under-surface, hind parts,
and legs with long, whitish hair.

Head with crowded and in places confluent punctures,
becoming larger and sparser on clypeus; sides of the latter
somewhat sinuous and lightly elevated, apex more elevated,
truncate or almost so, and feebly or not at all produced at
sides. Antennae nine-joimted. Prothorax with sides strongly
rounded, hind angles rounded off, front ones produced and
acute; with numerous (but not crowded) rather small ‘punc-
tures, and with larger ones scattered about, sides with rather
dense punctures, surface finely shagreened. JLlytra with
fairly large punctures, becoming smaller and denser on sides
and apex; geminate-striae well-defined. Hind parts shagreened
and with numerous rather small punctures. Front ftebiae
strongly tridentate; front tarsi with the basal joints keeled,
front claws thickened at base; two basal joints of hind tarsi
subequal. Length, 103-13 mm. |

Hab.—Western Australia: Kuminin (E. F. du Boulay),
Cue (H. W. Brown). Type, I. 7833.

The largest black species known to me; of the six
specimens (all males) under examination two have numerous
hairs on the elytra, on two they are sparse and two others
have the elytra glabrous (except for a few hairs at the base
and sides), but as the four latter specimens are evidently
abraded, the species should be referred to Group 1. At first
glance the specimens resemble the preceding species, but they
may be at once distinguished by the front tarsi, on that
species the basal joint is narrow at the base and then suddenly
dilates forward, with the keeled inner portion scarcely half
the length of the outer edge; on the present species the
inner edge is not suddenly dilated, is very little shorter than
the outer, and is more acutely keeled, the claws and the derm
and clothing of pronotum are also different; on all six
specimens the elytra are terminated by a short reddish
membranous fringe, of which there is not a trace (possibly
owing to abrasion) on the type of the preceding species: The
basal joint of the hind tarsi is about the length of the second
(certainly not longer), but from some directions it appears
to be slightly shorter. The clothing of the pronotum is not
confined to the margins, but the middle of the disc is glabrous.
If the elytra were regarded as glabrous, the species would be
referred to Group 2, all the previously described species of
which have reddish elytra.

533

Group 2.
LIPARETRUS SEMICASTANEUS, Nn. sp.
PAs xxxvit.,) fie. 118:

3. Black; elytra, abdomen, legs, antennae, and palpi
reddish-castaneous. Clothed with long, reddish or stramineous
hair, but a narrow transverse portion of pronotum and elytra
(except on sides) glabrous.

Head with crowded punctures, more or less confluent,
becoming sparser and larger on clypeus; sides of the latter
conspicuously elevated and lightly bisinuate, front wide and
obtusely trilobed, scarcely produced at sides. Antennae nine-
jointed. Prothorax with hind angles strongly rounded off,
front ones produced and acute; with rather small and not
very dense punctures, but becoming crowded on sides. Hlytra
with fairly large punctures, becoming smaller and more
crowded at the sides and posteriorly, geminate-striae well
defined. Front tehbiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of
front tarsi not keeled, but spinose towards and at inner apex,
basal joint of hind tarsi somewhat shorter than second.
Length, 11 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Kuminin (E. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7837.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with germari
and capillatus, from the former distinguished by the triden-
tate clypeus 47), and the abdomen entirely red (including the
hind parts) ; from the latter it is distinguished by its larger
size, paler abdomen, and different clypeus. The elytra are
terminated by a comparatively wide membranous fringe.

LIPARETRUS LEPIDOPYGUS, Nn. sp.
Pl, Sxxviic Bea hI9.

Black ; elytra (part of base infuscated or black), parts of
legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi reddish-castaneous.
Clothed with long whitish hair, but most of disc of prothorax
and elytra (except at base and margins) glabrous, abdomen
with rather dense depressed whitish hairs or setae; hind parts
with white scales, closely applied to derm; and with numerous
long, white hairs.

Head with coarse, crowded, and confluent punctures,
becoming much sparser on front and sides of clypeus; sides
rather strongly elevated and obliquely decreasing to apex,
apex also strongly elevated and feebly emarginate. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly produced,
hind angles widely rounded off, front ones produced and acute,

(7) As viewed from behind, it is not strongly tridentate, as
in Macleay’s Sec. 1, Subsec. 2, but belongs to Subsec. 1.

534

with a conspicuous but rather shallow median line becoming
deeper at base; with punctures of moderate size, and rather
sparse about middle, but more numerous towards sides. Elytra
rather more dilated posteriorly than usual; punctures of
moderate size and comparatively sparse; geminate-striae well-
defined. Front tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal joint of hind
tarsi much shorter than second. Length, 6-8 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Lake Austin (H. W. Brown).
Type; 1. 7841.

The pronotum is conspicuously frilled on all its margins,
and on some specimens there are a few long hairs on the
middle of the disc; as the basal joint of the hind tarsi is
distinctly shorter than the second, the species should evidently
be referred to Group 2, but its small size and conspicuously
squamose hind parts cause it to look very out of place there;
if not to Group 2, it might be referred to Group 3, and there
associated with angulatus, which has the clypeus of the male
much more angular, hind parts not squamose, etc. The
punctures of the hind parts are normally mostly concealed,
but appear to be fairly numerous; parts of the upper-surface
are rather brightly iridescent. The female is larger than the
male, with margins of clypeus less elevated, front more
rounded, and legs somewhat shorter. On all the specimens
(eight) before me the elytra are without a membranous fringe.

LIPARETRUS TRICHOSTERNUS, N. sp.
Pl xxxyin pe. 120)

3. Black; elytra (base infuscated) and antennae (club
black) of a more or less dingy-castaneous. Clothed with
long, whitish hair (but becoming dark on pronotum), part of
pronotum and elytra (except at base and sides) glabrous, hind
parts (in addition to the long hair) with rather dense,
depressed, white scales.

Head with crowded and confluent punctures, becoming
somewhat larger and much sparser on clypeus; the latter
with strongly elevated sides and front, sides oblique and
curved, front distinctly emarginate, antennae nine-jointed.
Prothorax with sides rather strongly rounded, hind angles
widely rounded off, front ones produced and acute, median
line rather shallow but distinct at base; punctures of uneven
sizes and unevenly distributed. Hlytra with fairly large
punctures about base, becoming much smaller posteriorly ;
geminate-striae distinct. Front tibiae tridentate; basal joint
of hind tarsi shorter than second. Length, 61-64 mm.

Q. Differs in having wider elytra, clypeus with less
elevated sides and front, the latter not emarginate and legs
shorter, with front tibiae more acutely tridentate. i

535

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay).
Type, I. 7845.

The elytra have some long hairs about the base, but as
these are very few in number the species should be referred
to Group 2, from all the tabled species of which (as also from
all those tabled of Group 1) it is readily distinguished by its
squamose hind parts, from the preceding species it is distin-
guished by the much more acutely angled clypeus of the male,
and by the non-iridescent elytra. The clothing of the hind parts
conceals most of the punctures, it is denser (and almost white)
on the sterna than elsewhere; the elytra of the three specimens
before me are without membranous fringe. On the female
the teeth of the front tibiae are all strong and acute, but on
the male the hind one is rather obtuse.

Group 4.
LIPARETRUS COMPOSITUS, Nl. sp.
Ply xxvii Satie. al.

Reddish-castaneous, parts of sterna somewhat darker ;
head black, prothorax in parts more or less deeply infuscated.
Under-surface and legs with long whitish hair, but clothing
of upper-surface confined to clypeus and to lateral margins
of pronotum, hind parts sparsely clothed.

Head with crowded but not confluent punctures, becom-
ing sparser and larger on clypeus, but a narrow space
immediately behind the clypeal suture shining and impunc-
tate; clypeus with sides and apex strongly elevated, the
former subparallel near base, and then strongly narrowed to
apex, which is truncate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax
with hind angles widely rounded off, front ones produced and
acute, median line very feeble; sides and apex with dense
and rather small punctures, becoming somewhat larger and
sparser in middle. SHlytra with fairly large punctures,
becoming smaller at sides and posteriorly; geminate-striae
well-defined. Hind parts with moderately small punctures,
somewhat denser on pygidium than on propygidium. Front
tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly
shorter than second. Length, 11-12 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell and Cue (H. W.
Brown). Type, I. 7839.

Belongs to FF of Group 4. Looking at the pronotum
from in front the lateral, but not the front margins of the
type, are seen to be fringed, but on the specimen from Cue
there are a few hairs in front (but the species agree in but
few details with picipennis), disregarding the few hairs of
the latter specimen the species would be referred to HH, and

536

as the punctures of its hind parts are more distinct than on
rufipennis, it would be referred to IT, all the species of which
are much smaller and otherwise different. In general appear-
ance it appears to be allied to germarz and mastersi. The type
at first glance appears to have the pronotum black or almost
so, but under a lens it is seen to be obscurely diluted -with
red; the specimen from Cue has most of the pronotum no
darker than the elytra, but its apex, sides, and base (the
latter very narrowly) are deeply infuscated, the antennae and
palpi are entirely pale (almost flavous). The elytra are
terminated by a very short membranous fringe (much shorter
—less than half its length-—than on the following species),
but the membranous fringe at the apex of the prothorax is
unusually long.
LIPARETRUS APICALIS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xsexvaie, ies 122?

Black; eltyra, abdomen, and appendages (club partly
black and outer parts of front tibiae blackish) reddish-
castaneous. Under-surface and legs with long and somewhat
golden or reddish hair, similar hairs margining sides of
pronotum, and fairly numerous about the front angles (rest
of upper-surface glabrous), hind parts with rather sparse
hairs, but in addition with numerous short erect setae.

Head with rather small and crowded but not confluent
punctures, a shallow depression in middle just behind clypeal
suture; clypeus with sparser and somewhat larger punctures
in front and on sides than between eyes, sides and front
moderately elevated. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothoraz
with hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones produced
and acute; with fairly numerous and rather small punctures,
becoming crowded on sides; median line absent, except for a
feeble basal impression. Llytra with moderately large
punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly; geminate-striae
well-defined. Hind parts with rather numerous punctures,
larger on pygidium than on propygidium. Front tibiae
strongly tridentate; hind tarsi with basal joint shorter than
second. Length, 10-12 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin (Western Aus-
tralian Museum, Nos. 6652 and 6844). Type, I. 7838.

Of the two specimens before me there are only three basal
joints remaining of one hind tarsus, and of these the first is
slightly shorter than the second; regarding it as shorter, the
species would belong to Group 4; the clypeus is very feebly
tridentate in front (much less than in distans, from which the
species differs also in many other respects) ; passing that species
in the table it would be associated with picipennis, which is

537

a considerably smaller and otherwise different species. If not
to Group 4, it could only be referred to Group 7, and there
associated with sericeus, with which it has very few points in
common. In general appearance it is close to germari,
mastersi, and semicastaneus, but is abundantly distinct by
the clothing of the pronotum. From the preceding species
it is readily distinguished by the clypeus, and by the absence »
of a shining impunctate space behind the clypeal suture. The
sides of the clypeus evenly diminish to the apex, which is
almost truncate, on one specimen it is feebly but distinctly
produced in the middle (very feebly tridentate), on the other
from some directions it is scarcely perceptibly produced in the
middle, from most directions appearing gently rounded or
truncate. The setae on the hind parts are distinct only from
the sides, and they are denser on the propygidium than on
the pygidium. ‘The elytra are tipped by a conspicuous
corrugated membranous fringe.

LIPARETRUS LACINIATUS, N. sp.
Pl. xxxyu fies 133,

d. Black; elytra, hind parts, and appendages more or
less reddish-castaneous. Under-surface, hind-parts, front of
clypeus, and lateral margins of pronotum with long stramineous
hair, elytra with a conspicuous fringe of long reddish bristles.

Head with rather small and crowded, but not confluent
punctures, becoming sparser and larger on front of clypeus ;
clypeus with sides moderately diminishing to apex, front
strongly reflexed and conspicuously emarginate. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute; with fairly dense
punctures of moderate size; with vague remnants of a median
line. Elytra with moderately large and rather dense punc-
tures, becoming smaller and denser on sides and posteriorly ;
geminate-striae moderately distinct. Front tibiae strongly
tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi almost as long as second.
Length, 10-105 mm.

Q. Differs in having the clypeus smaller, much less
acutely angled, and less emarginate in front, legs shorter, and
front tarsi thinner.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (Blackburn’s collection from
— Taylor). Type, I. 7862.

The basal joint of the hind tarsi, when viewed from most
directions, appears to be slightly shorter than the second, but
when viewed so that the full length of each is visible, are seen
to be of equal length, or almost so. In Group 4 it would be
associated with vicarius, which is a much smaller species, with

538

very different clothing and clypeus; the clypeus is considerably
(but not deeply as in abnormalis) emarginate in the male,
and rather lightly incurved at the apex in the female, but
regarding the species as belonging to EE, of Group 7, it could
be referred to H, but to neither I nor II, as the clypeus is
not at all tridentate. In general appearance, however, it
appears to belong to Groups 1 or 2, but the prothorax entirely
glabrous (except for the lateral margins) forbids its being
referred to either. In Macleay’s divisions it would readily fall
into the first subsection of Section 1. The elytral fringe is
of an unusual character, and apparently takes the place of
the apical membrane of other species. Each of the long hairs
of the hind parts arises from a puncture. On the type the
hind femora are almost entirely black, a smaller proportion
of the middle ones, and a still smaller proportion of the front
ones are black, the hind parts are of a dingier red than the
elytra. On the female the whole of the abdomen and femora
are brightly reddish, the clypeus is diluted with red at the
apex, and the prothorax is of the same shade of red as the
elytra, except in front, where it is rather deeply infuscated ;
its scutellum also is red.

LIPARETRUS OBSCURIOR, N. sp.
Plo xxv hen 124.

Black; elytra blackish, silghtly iridescent. Sterna with
dense whitish hair, a fringe of somewhat similar hair on each
side of pronotum, rest of upper-surface glabrous; abdomen
_ with dense white adpressed pubescence, and each segment
with a row of long hairs; hind parts with stouter setae (almost
scales) than on rest of abdomen, but lower part of pygidium
glabrous.

Head with small, non-confluent punctures, crowded on
sides, but somewhat sparser in middle, and becoming sparser
and shghtly larger on clypeus; sides of clypeus moderately
elevated and evenly decreasing in width to apex, which is
more elevated and truncated, but with rounded sides.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides strongly rounded,
hind angles widely rounded off, front ones rather strongly
produced and acute; median line feeble, and only distinct at
base, with sharply defined but rather small punctures,
crowded on sides, somewhat sparser in middle. Hlytra with
larger but sparser punctures than on pronotum ; geminate-
striae well-defined. Hind parts with crowded, partially-
concealed punctures. Front tibiae strongly tridentate; basal
ag of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second. Length,
7-8 mm.

539

Hab.—Western Australia (E. F. du Boulay). Type, I.
7836).

B Blackburn’s table would be associated with ovatus,
from which it differs in having the elytra black or blackish,
antennae darker (the first six joints are all darker than on
ovatus, the club being black on both) and prothorax with
sparser and slightly larger punctures; from a dark variety of
rubefactus it differs in being considerably larger, punctures in
general finer, and pygidium as well as propygidium densely
clothed ; in general appearance it is fairly close to dark speci-
mens of picvpennis, but the pronotum has lateral hairs only,
and there are other differences. The legs (except for the
teeth of the front tibiae) are almost entirely black. One
specimen has the four basal segments of abdomen rather
densely clothed in middle, and is probably a male, the other
has the abdomen glabrous along the middle, and is probably
a female, but the clypeus and legs are practically identical.
The elytra are without an apical membrane.

Group 7.
LIPARETRUS CARUS, 0D. sp.
Ply xxxvil:; fie! 125.

3. Black; elytra (except for a narrow portion of the
base, and for a slight infuscation of the suture and apex),
legs (except most of femora), antennae (except club), and
palpi reddish-castaneous. Under-surface and legs with long
pale hair, a fringe of pale hair (becoming darker in front) on
each side of pronotum, rest of upper-surface and hind parts
glabrous. :

Head with rather small, crowded, and in places trans-
versely confluent punctures, becoming sparser and slightly
larger on clypeus; clypeus rather more concave than usual,
sides moderately decreasing in width (with curved outlines)
to apex, which is strongly raised, and conspicuously, but
obtusely, tridentate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax
with sides widely rounded, hind angles widely rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line shallow but
distinct on basal half; punctures rather small and not very
dense. Llytra with rather small and not very dense punc-
tures, but becoming more numerous and more or less
confluent on apex and sides. Hrnd parts with rather dense
punctures, on pygidium slightly larger than on propygidium
or elytra. Front tbiae tridentate; two basal joints of hind
tarsi subequal. Length, 9 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type (unique), I. 7855.

540

The basal joint of the hind tarsi is scarcely perceptibly
longer than the second joint (it is certainly not shorter), so
the species should be referred to Group 7, and there a
with aidipenmes (to which it is structurally very close), but i
differs in being larger, elytra mostly red, and punctures ot
pronotum more distinct. On the type the clypeus from above
appears to be obscurely and very narrowly margined with red,
but from below and in a suitable light the margin appears to
be of a conspicuous blood-red colour. Owing to its brilliant
iridescence it is a particularly beautiful species, although the
general colours are as in many other species. The type ‘is
without an elytral membrane.

Growp 10.
LIPARETRUS MELALEUCAE, Ni. Sp.

Plo) Sexscy Ties dee eat
lack ; elytra of a dingy piceous-brown, legs partly paler;
antennae (club partly infuscated) and palpi still paler. Sterna
with moderately dense pale hair, abdomen with a row of long
setae cn each segment (usually interrupted in middle), head
with sparse hairs, a fringe on each side of prothorax and
extended on to sides of front margin, rest of upper-surface

glabrous.

Head with crowded and small punctures, some of which
are transversely confluent, with an irregular row of larger
punctures between eyes; two feeble tubercles in middle;
clypeus with somewhat larger and sparser punctures than on
head, sides strongly diminishing in width to apex, which is
strongly tridentate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with
sides strongly rounded, hind angles widely rounded off, front
ones produced and acute, median line shallow and confined to
basal half; punctures rather small and not very dense. H/ytra
with sparse and rather small punctures; geminate-striae well-
defined. Hind parts with punctures much as on pronotum.
Front tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi
distinctly longer than second. Length, 54-63 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murray alee (F. R. Zietz),
Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow), Cook Plains, on flowers of
Melaleuca (J. G. O. Tepper). Type, I. 480.

Belongs to CCC, of Blackburn’s table; the prothorax is
not conspicuously frilled all across the apex, but there are
some conspicuous hairs towards the sides on some specimens,
and across the middle there are a few depressed hairs; prob-
ably Blackburn would have referred it to his Group 10, and
it would there be associated with perkins?, from which it
differs in being larger, elytra darker, clypeal projections less

541

acute, prothoracic punctures less sharply defined, ete. If not
to Group 10, it could only be referred to Group 9, and with
the only species (rothe:) there noted, it has scarcely anything
in common. In general appearance it is like some specimens
of picipennis, which has very different clypeus, etc., and some
of gracilipes, which has abdomen of male bifasciculate, etc. The
male has the clypeus rather more acutely tridentate and the
abdomen with more uniform clothing than on the female,
but the external sexual differences are but slight. The upper-
surface is feebly iridescent, and the hind parts are usually
slightly pruinose, the elytra are usually a very dingy brown,
becoming almost black at the base and suture, but on an
occasional specimen they are paler (dingy castaneous-brown),
the front legs are almost wholly castaneous, the whole of the
abdomen is usually black, but is sometimes (occasionally only
the hind parts) obscurely diluted with red; the propygidium
has a few scattered hairs (but these are easily abraded), and
there are usually a few at the tip of the pygidium. The clypeal
suture is conspicuously bisinuate, and a very narrow space
immediately behind it is shining and impunctate. The elytra
are terminated by a narrow but conspicuous membrane, but
on two (of the fourteen) specimens in the Museum only
remnants of it are left.

LIPARETRUS NUDUS, N. sp.
Pls RE Kwils nS 2 1275

Black ; eltyra (base, suture, and margins infuscated) and
appendages (femora mostly black and club infuscated) reddish-
castaneous. Under-surface and legs rather sparsely clothed,
hind parts and upper-surface glabrous, except for a feeble
fringe on each side of pronotum.

Head with dense and small punctures, much the same
on clypeus as between the eyes, but immediately behind the
clypeal suture a fairly wide, shining, impunctate space;
clypeus with margins rather lightly elevated, sides rather
strongly rounded, apex moderately incurved to middle.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly
produced; hind angles widely rounded off, feebly produced
and almost rectangular, median line faint; punctures rather
small, sharply defined and not very dense, smaller and more
numerous on sides than on middle. Elytra short ; with rather
large but not very dense punctures, geminate-striae well-
defined ; with a short but conspicuous apical membrane. Hind
parts with dense punctures, slightly larger than on pronotum.
Front teb:ae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi
conspicuously longer than second. Length, 61 mm.

542

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7849.

In Group 10 would be associated with convezxior and
laeticulus, from both of which it differs in being larger and
very differently coloured ; it is an unusually sparsely clothed
species, but I do not think the type has been abraded, as the
membranous elytral fringe is in perfect condition. The infus-
cation of the elytra is more pronounced at the base than
elsewhere.

Group 11.
LIPARETRUS TRICHOPYGUS, Nl. sp.
Piiexxxvits, fiesi28:

Black ; parts of front tes obscurely reddish, antennae
castaneous, club blackish. Densely clothed all over with long
erect hair, mostly white or whitish, on under-surface, hind
parts, and head; mostly black or blackish on pronotum and
elytra.

Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, becoming
sparser on front of clypeus; clypeus with rather strongly
elevated margins, sides strongly rounded, apex truncate in
middle. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorar with strongly
rounded sides, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones
produced and acute, median line vague and traceable only at
base; with rather large but not crowded punctures. Hlytra
with sparser and somewhat smaller punctures than on pro-
notum ; geminate-striae ill-defined. Hind parts with dense but
partially concealed punctures. Front tibiae strongly biden-
tate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second.
Length, 10-10} mm.

Hab.— Western Australia: Cunderdin (Western Aus-
tralian Museum, No. 8228). Type, I. 7835.

The front tibiae have two strong teeth, but behind the
second tooth of one specimen each of them has a very feeble
projection. I think the tibiae should be regarded as bidentate
only, and that the species should be referred to Group 11,
and associated with swavis, but it 1s very different in general
appearance to that species, and to all others of the group.
But regarding the front tibiae as tridentate it would prefer-
ably be referred to Group 8, and associated with ebeninus,
which is evidently a much smaller species, with very different
clothing, etc.; if not to Group 8, it might be referred to F,
of Group 5, but it differs very considerably from vestitus and
negroumbratus in clothing and punctures, black elytra, etc.
The upper-surface has a bluish iridescence, this being very
conspicuous on the elytra, The clothing of the hind parts is
unusually dense, and consists of long erect hairs and long

543

depressed pubescence. The elytra, although in perfect
condition on both specimens, are entirely without a
membranous fringe. The clypeus when viewed from behind
appears to be semicircular.

LIPARETRUS PUNCTICEPS, Nn. Sp.
Pit crxxyar: fies 0129:

Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins excepted),
antennae (club excepted), and palpi bright flavo-castaneous,
legs of a darker red. Clothed with long hair, mostly whitish,
but becoming darker on pronotum, and darker and shorter
on elytra.

Head with irregular punctures; clypeus with sides feebly
diminishing in width to apex, which is very feebly tridentate.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with strongly rounded
sides, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones very feebly
produced and obtuse, median line not traceable; punctures
indistinct. Hlytra with sparse and small punctures, mostly
confined to the geminate-striae and these indistinct. Hind
parts with small and inconspicuous punctures, but more
distinct on apical part of pygidium (which is shining) than
elsewhere; propygidium very large. Front trbiae tridentate,
front tooth long but rather obtusely pointed, the other very
ill-defined ; basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than second.
Length, 63 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow}.
Type (unique), I. 7852.

In general appearance close to discipennis and canescens,
distinguished from the former by its tridentate clypeus, and
from the latter by the conspicuously longer basal joint of hind
tarsi. In Blackburn’s table it would be associated with
albohirtus, from which it differs in the clypeus, in the clothing
of upper-surface partly black, hind parts black and elytra
completely margined with black. The lateral and basal hairs
of the pronotum are pale, those on the disc being conspicuously
darker; on the elytra they are entirely dark, seen from above
they appear to be sparsely and irregularly distributed on the
elytra, but when viewed from in front or behind they are seen
to be in almost regular rows. The head immediately behind
the clypeal suture is shining and impunctate, then there is
a space (about the length of the clypeus) where the punctures
are crowded and of irregular sizes (mostly fairly large), behind
which the surface is opaque and with sparse punctures; on the
clypeus the punctures are fairly large. The elytra of the type
are terminated by a very short membrane.

544

| Group 12.
LIPARETRUS LISSAPTERUS, N. sp.

Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins narrowly infus-
cated), antennae, and palpi bright-castaneous, legs and
abdomen of a darker red. Under-surface with long pale hair,
mixed on the propygidium with depressed white scales and
on the pygidium with depressed setae or sparse pubescence ;
head with short, dense, light-brown, erect setae or hairs
between eyes, somewhat shorter and not so dense on clypeus;
pronotum with numerous long, erect, dark hairs, becoming
paler at the sides and base, in addition with numerous stout
subdepressed whitish setae; elytra glabrous.

Head with small crowded punctures, in places becoming
confluent; clypeus with larger punctures than between eyes,
its suture deep and distinct, margins strongly raised and
(except for a slight flattening in front) semicircular. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly produced,
hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones subacute;
median line distinct on basal half; punctures fairly dense,
subasperate, and mostly of two sizes: small ones denser on
the sides than elsewhere, and fairly large ones (about as large
as those on clypeus) from each of which arises a long hair.
Elytra with sparse and small shallow punctures; geminate-
striae feebly defined. Hind parts with somewhat crowded
punctures, much as on pronotum, but larger (although
shallow) about apex of pygidium. Front fzbiae strongly and
acutely bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer
than second. Length, 9 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (F. R. Zietz).
Type (unique), I. 7853.

In Blackburn’s table would be referred to I of Group 12,
but as there are numerous white hairs mixed with black ones
on the pronotum, it could be reterred to neither J nor JJ of
that group. In size and general appearance it is close to
gravidus, and it has the back parts similarly clothed, but the
punctures and clothing of the pronotum are different, and
the elytra are glabrous at the base. The elytra are without
an apical membrane, and their punctures are unusually feeble.
On the type the abdomen (including the hind parts) and hind
coxae are of a dingy red; but it is probable that those parts
are usually (or at least commonly) black; with the prothorax
closely applied to the elytra it appears to have distinct hind
angles, but from certain directions these are seen to be widely
reunded off.

545

LIPARETRUS FLAVIPENNIS, Nl. sp.

Black ; elytra, antennae, and palpi flavous, front legs and
all the tarsi more or less reddish. Elytra glabrous, but else-
where more or less densely clothed with long hair, dark on
the pronotum (except on the sides) and head, mostly pale
elsewhere; abdomen in addition with rather dense, whitish
pubescence, becoming subsquamose on propygidium.

Head rather convex; with crowded subasperate punc-
tures; clypeus with sides strongly and apex feebly rounded,
punctures at base mtich as between eyes, but sparser in front.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides distinctly
produced, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones not
acute, median line distinct only at base; with fairly dense,
subasperate punctures, of small and moderate size. Elytra
with sparse punctures of small or moderate size; geminate-
striae distinct; without apical membrane. Hind parts with
crowded puncture of sizes as on pronotum, but partially
concealed. Front tibiae bidentate, the apical tooth long and
acute, the other feeble; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than
second. Length, 54-53 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B.-A. Feuerheerdt).
Type, I. 7854.

In Blackburn’s table of Group 12, the position of this
species 1s somewhat doubtful, as whilst the basal joint of the
hind tarsi is distinctly longer than the second, it is certainly
not ‘‘very much’’ longer (the type of sericevpennis was
described as having the first joint twice the length of the
second); referring it to I, its position is again doubtful, as
the clothing of the pronotum, whilst mostly dark, is mixed
with white setae, disregarding the latter it would be associated
with occidentalis, from which it differs in its clothing, in the
much less conspicuously bicoloured elytra, and very different
clypeus. At first glance it looks close to wbiqwitosus, of Group
15, or like luridipennis on a reduced scale. The elytra are
somewhat iridescent, with the base, suture, and sides feebly
and narrowly infuscated ; the club is sometimes lightly infus-
cated. On some specimens there are a few short pale setae on
the pronotum, the scales and shorter clothing of the hind parts
are usually conspicuous, but a slight amount of grease causes
them almost to disappear; on an occasional specimen the
abdomen is obscurely reddish. The sides of the clypeus are
rather more strongly rounded on some specimens than on
others, but I can find no other differences (on the nine
specimens in the Museum) likely to be sexual.

s

546

LIPARETRUS BIMACULATUS, nh. sp.
Pl xxxvii.,tie? 130.

Black, with a bright bluish iridescence; elytra with a
large flavous spot on each side near base, front legs, antennae
(part of club excepted), and palpi flavo-castaneous. Elytra
and clypeus glabrous, but elsewhere with rather long white
or whitish hair; abdomen in addition with white pubescence
in transverse series.

Head with rather crowded, small, and moderately large
punctures ; clypeus highly polished and with sparse punctures,
sides strongly rounded, apex very feebly incurved at middle.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with strongly rounded
sides, hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones feebly
produced and subacute; with small and comparatively sparse
punctures, and a few larger ones scattered about; median
line absent. Hlytra with sparse and rather small punctures ;
geminate-striae well-defined ; without apical membrane. Hind
parts with rather dense small punctures, and a few of larger
size. Front tzbiae strongly bidentate ; first joint of hind tarsi
just perceptibly longer than second. Length, 53 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (W. K. Hunt).
Type (unique), I. 7847.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with discoidalis,
from which it differs in being brilliantly iridescent, prothorax
with sparser clothing, punctures distinct and surface not
opaque, pale portions of elytra considerably smaller in extent
(each spot is close to the base and about the size of the head),
and basal joint of hind tarsi shorter. The erect hairs on the
disc of the pronotum are not dense, but are almost evenly
distributed; on the propygidium there are three transverse
series of white pubescence (in addition to the long hair), the
first basal (this would probably be concealed on some speci-
mens), the second median, and the third apical; at the tip
of each elytron there are two long rigid white setae, and on
the sides a few shorter ones.

LIPARETRUS LONGIDENS, n. sp.
Pl. xxxyitmee Sl’

Black and flavo-castaneous. Elytra glabrous, elsewhere
more or less densely clothed.

Head with crowded but sharply defined punctures in
front, becoming sparser posteriorly; clypeus very short, with
rather dense punctures, margins lightly elevated, sides very
strongly narrowed to apex, which is truncated (but without
lateral angles). Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides
rather strongly produced, hind angles widely rounded off,

547

front ones lightly produced and acute; with fairly large but
not dense punctures; median line absent. Hlytra with fairly
numerous punctures of moderate size, geminate-striae fairly
distinct but irregular; terminated by an extremely short
membrane. Hind parts with rather dense punctures of
moderate size. Front tibzae with apical tooth only, this long
and very acute; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 44 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I.
7831.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with discoidalis,
which has much longer clothing, bicolorous elytra, etc., but
as the basal joint of the hind tarsi, from some directions,
appears to be distinctly longer than the second, it might be
compared with sericezpenms, from the description of which it
differs in many particulars, and notably in its unidentate
front tibiae. The black parts are the head, prothorax,
scutellum, sterna, base of abdomen, hind coxae, and club.
The head of the type (except the clypeus) and hind parts have
a curious muddy appearance, that may really be due to dirt,
but it certainly does not appear to be in any way abraded.
The elytra in some lights have a conspicuous pruinose gloss.
The clothing on the under-surface is mostly of a snowy-
whiteness, on the legs and upper parts it is more or less
stramineous; on the pronotum the hair is not very long, and
is almost evenly distributed (except in front, where there is a
rather conspicuous fringe of longer hair); on the head (except
at base), including the clypeus, it is dense and rather short,
on the hind parts it consists of fine evenly distributed (but
rather sparse) hair.

LIPARETRUS ALBOVILLOSUS, 0D. sp.
Pl) sexxvil., he. 132.

¢. Black; some parts more or less reddish-castaneous.
Elytra glabrous, elsewhere with more or less dense, long,
erect, white or whitish hair.

Head with small, crowded punctures, with a few
irregularly distributed larger ones; clypeus highly polished
and with sparse punctures, margins rather strongly elevated,
sides scarcely diminishing to apex, which is very feebly
incurved to middle and with angles gently rounded off.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides and base
strongly rounded, hind angles widely rounded off, the front
ones obtuse, median line very feeble or absent; with rather
dense, small, and moderately large, irregularly mixed
punctures. Elytra with rather dense punctures of

s2

548

moderate size, becoming smaller at the sides and pos-
teriorly; geminate-striae very distinct; without apical
membrane. Hind parts with dense punctures, mostly small
on propygidium, somewhat larger on pygidium. Front tzbiae
bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 5-54 mm.

Q. Differs in having the clypeus somewhat smaller, with
its front edge not at all incurved, and abdomen larger and
more convex.

Hab.—Queensland: South Johnstone River (H. W.
Brown). Type I. 7861.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with /uridipennis,
which is a much larger species, with very different clothing of
pygidium ; from occidentalis, to which it is structurally fairly
close, it differs in being smaller, in the darker disc of elytra,
with much less sharply defined dark borders, stronger punc-
tures, and in the more feeble dentition of the front tibiae, of
these the front tooth is long and acute, but the other is very
feeble (on one specimen the front tibiae could quite fairly be
regarded as unidentate). The antennae are nine-jointed, but
the fourth to sixth joints are small, and it is necessary to
view them in a good position and a good light to see them
clearly; the two basal joints of the hind tarsi are almost
equal, certainly the first is not ‘‘notably shorter’ as on
palmerstom. On two specimens the elytra are of a rather
bright-castaneous, with the base suture and sides somewhat .
infuscated, the front legs, antennae (except most of the club),
and palpi are also castaneous; on a third specimen the elytra
are considerably darker and the infuscations also are darker
(parts are quite black) and more extended; on a fourth
specimen (the only female sent by Mr. Brown) the elytra are
considerably less infuscated (the apex scarcely at all), and
the pygidium and propygidium (except where covered by the
elytra) are entirely flavo-castaneous. The clypeus is more
sparsely clothed than the head between the eyes, and the hairs
project backwards, the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum is
also sparsely clothed ; on the hind parts the hair is longer (but
not so dense) than on the wider parts of the abdomen.

Group 18.
LIPARETRUS BASICOLLIS, n. sp.
Pl. xexviieane, 153:

Black ; elytra and legs of a dingy piceous-brown, antennae
(club black) and palpi paier. Under-surface rather sparsely
clothed, hind parts almost glabrous, upper-surface glabrous,
except for a fringe on each side of pronotum.

549

Head with rather small and comparatively sparse
punctures; clypeus more shining and with sparser punctures
than between eyes, its base somewhat elevated in middle, its
margins rather strongly raised and semicircular, except for a
flattening in front. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with
evenly rounded sides, hind angles obtuse but not rounded off,
front ones acute and rather lightly produced: punctures
slightly sparser, but otherwise much as on head. L£/ytra with
rather sparse but sharply defined punctures; geminate-striae
conspicuous ; with an extremely short apical membrane. Hind
parts with punctures much as on pronotum. Front tibiae
bidentate, the front tooth long and acute, the second obtuse;
basal joint of hind tarsi slightly shorter than second. Length,
5-6 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (F. H. du Boulay).
Type I. 7846.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with rotund?-
pennis, from which it differs in being considerably narrower,
sides of prothorax more evenly rounded and base different,
clypeus different at base, etc. It is one of the few species of
the genus whose hind angles of prothorax (although obtuse)
are not completely rounded off; the pronotum is more convex
than usual, and except for a slight flattening near the base,
is without trace of a median line. When the full extent of
the basal joint of the hind tarsi is clearly visible, it is seen
to be almost exactly the length of the second (certainly not
longer); the sixth joint of the antennae is very small, and
so closely applied to the club that the antennae at first appear
to be but eight-jointed. Of the five specimens taken by Mr.
du Boulay three have the elytra distinctly paler than the
prothorax, but the other two have very dark elytra (scarcely
paler—to the naked eye—than the prothorax): one of the
former has the abdomen of a dingy-brown, but on the others
it is black or blackish; the tarsi are usually paler than the
rest of the legs.

LIPARETRUS SEMIFLAVUS, Nl. sp.

Flavous; some parts black or infuscated. Sterna with
moderately dense clothing, abdomen with a row of setae
across each segment, upper-surface and hind-parts glabrous,
except for a conspicuous fringe on each side of pronotum.

Head with small and dense but (except in front) ot
crowded punctures ; clypeus with considerably larger punctures
than between the eyes, margins rather strongly elevated, sides
rounded and rather gently decreasing in width to apex. which
is lightly incurved to middle. Antennae nine-jointed.

550

Prothorax with sides subacutely produced, hind angles widely
rounded off, front angles lghtly produced and almost
rectangular, median line not traceable, a vague transverse
impression at apical third (but not continuous across middle) ;
punctures small and comparatively sparse. Hlytra with rather
small and sparse punctures; geminate-striae well-defined.
Propygidium with punctures as on pronotum, but slightly
larger on pygidium. Front tibiae bidentate, the front tooth
long and acute, the other small but distinct; basal joint of
hind tarsi slightly longer than second. Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (EK. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7843.

The black parts are the head (im front, however, it is
obscurely diluted with red), sterna, and hind coxae; the
pronotum and scutellum are rather deeply but somewhat
irregularly infuscated, hence there is some doubt as to
whether the species should be referred to F, or FF, of Group
13 ; regarding it as belonging to F, it would be associated with
pallidus, which is a considerably narrower and _ otherwise
different species; if referred to FF, it would be associated
with rotundipennis, which is a shorter, wider, iridescent and
differently coloured and clothed species. The elytra of the
type are without a membranous fringe, but there is a slightly
ragged appearance about their tips that may be the remnants
of one. :

LIPARETRUS FLAVUS, 0. sp.
Pi) xxxvil.,, fie. 34)

Flavous; head and parts of legs flavo-castaneous. Under-
surface moderately pilose; upper-surface glabrous except for
a fringe on each side of pronotum (continued on to sides of
elytra), and for a few depressed setae across its apex; hind
parts with fairly numerous, but short and inconspicuous
setae. _

Head with small dense punctures, many of which are
transversely confluent; clypeus very short, with larger and
Sparser punctures than between eyes, margins moderately
elevated, sides oblique from base to apex, which is widely trun-
cated but with angles rounded off. Antennae nine-jointed.
Prothorax widely transverse, sides rounded near base, hind
angles very obtuse, but not completely rounded off, front
ones produced and rather acute, median line absent ; punctures
small and comparatively sparse. Hlytra with rather small
punctures; geminate-striae fairly distinct; without apical
membrane. Hind parts shagreened and with small shallow
punctures. Front tebiae strongly bidentate ; two basal joints
of hind tarsi equal or almost equal. Length, 54-8 mm.

551

Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (F. R. Zietz),
Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow). Type, I. 7850.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with pallidus,
to which in fact it is closely allied, but it differs in having
elytra longer, with the geminate-striae less pronounced,
prothorax with smaller punctures and without a median line;
in general appearance it is strikingly close to aridus (of Group
4), but the front tibiae are bidentate instead of tridentate ;
at first glance it resembles many of the small pale species of
Heteronyx. The upper-surface and hind parts have a more
or less conspicuous pruinose gloss; the setae across the apex
of the pronotum are fairly distinct on some specimens, but
from others they appear to be absent, on many specimens the
pronotum is of the same shade of colour as the head. I can
find no conspicuous sexual differences, although Mr. Zietz
took specimens in abundance.

LIPARETRUS UNIDENTATUS, Nl. sp.

Flavous ; head (somewhat darker between eyes) and parts
of legs flavo-castaneous. Sterna moderately pilose, abdomen
with sparser and stiffer clothing, upper-surface glabrous except
for a fringe on each side of pronotum, hind parts with short,
erect, and moderately dense, but (except from the sides)
inconspicuous setae.

Head with small dense punctures, becoming crowded in
front, somewhat larger and sparser on clypeus; clypeus short,
sides oblique, apex wide and truncated, but with angles
rounded off. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorar with
moderately rounded sides, hind angles widely rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line lightly
impressed ; punctures rather small and dense on sides, becom-
ing somewhat sparser in middle. /lytra with rather small
and fairly numerous punctures; geminate-striae conspicuous ;
without apical membrane. Hind parts with rather dense and
small subasperate punctures. Front t¢biae with a strong apical
tooth only; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than
second. Length, 65 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Hughendon (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7851.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with modestus,
which is a much smaller, wider, and otherwise different species ;
disregarding the hind tarsi it would be associated with
brevipes and blanchardi, also very much smaller and otherwise
different species; in general appearance it is strikingly close
to aridus, pallidus, and flavus, but is readily distinguished
by the unidentate front tibiae. On the type there is a small

552

projection at the middle of the apex of the clypeus, it is quite
conspicuous from the side, but does not interfere with the
front outline as viewed from above.

Group 15.
LIPARETRUS IRREGULARIS, N. sp.

Black and reddish-castaneous; antennae and_ palpi
flavous. Densely clothed with long whitish hair on under-
surface (but somewhat shorter and sparser on abdomen,
including hind parts, than on sterna), head sparsely clothed,
pronotum with rather dark hair, forming a wide loose fringe
across and near apex (but a few hairs on middle of disc),
each side with a fringe but becoming pale towards base; elytra
glabrous.

Head with crowded and small punctures, but with some
larger ones in irregular transverse series; clypeus with less
crowded punctures but somewhat larger than those between
eyes, sides rounded, apex very feebly incurved to middle.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorax less transverse than
usual, sides and base rounded, hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute, median line indistinct ;
punctures rather small and crowded on sides, but sparser
elsewhere, and with some larger (but not very large) ones
scattered about. //ytra with fairly numerous punctures of
moderate size; geminate-striae conspicuous. Hind parts with
dense, subasperate punctures. Front ftebiae strongly but
obtusely tridentate; two basal joints of hind tarsi subequal.
Length, 61 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7863.

In Group 15 would be associated with rubieundus, from
the description of which it differs in having the sterna and
hind coxae black, the pronotum with some rather large
punctures, the geminate-striae on the elytra conspicuous, and
the hind parts with rather short and dense clothing; if the
type is a male it is readily distinguished from the male of
ferrugineus by the clypeus, if a female by the clothing of the
pronotum, etc. With the full length of the two basal joints
of hind tarsi clearly visible they are seen to be equal or almost
so, but from most directions the first appears to be shorter
than the second. The fifth joint of the antennae is very
small, so that at first they appear to be but seven-jointed, but
from some directions it is sufficiently distinct. The reddish
parts are the pronotum (but all its margins are infuscated or
black), elytra (the extreme base excepted), two apical
segments of abdomen (but not the base of the propygidium),

553

and legs (except coxae, parts of femora, and parts of hind

tibiae). The elytra of the type appear to be tipped by

remnants of an extremely short membrane.

Group 16.

LIPARETRUS SEMIATRICEPS, N. sp.
Pi xexvits, fe.) 135.

Flavous; head black between eyes, parts of sterna
infuscated. Under-surface rather densely pilose, upper-
surface glabrous except for a fringe of stout setae on each
side of pronotum, for a few hairs on each side in front, and
for a few marginal and apical setae on elytra, hind parts
glabrous except for a few fringing hairs.

Head with crowded and small punctures, a few of which
are transversely confluent, immediately behind clypeal suture
a very narrow polished impunctate space; clypeus with sparser
and somewhat larger punctures than between eyes, sides
oblique (with somewhat sinuous outlines) to apex, which is
strongly elevated and truncated. Antennae eight-jointed.
Prothorax shagreened, sides rounded, hind angles rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line vaguely
indicated ; with small and fairly dense, but not crowded punc-
tures. Hlytra with fairly dense and rather small punctures;
geminate-striae distinct; without apical membrane. Hind
parts with dense and small subasperate punctures, and finely
shagreened. Front tibiae tridentate; two basal joints of hind
tarsi equal. Length, 9 mm.

Hab.—Australia (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique),
rood.

Belongs to FF, of Group 16, but (as pointed out under
notes on fallax), I do not consider that G and GG (hind
angles of pronotum defined or not) are warranted. On this
species the hind angles are completely rounded off (as they
are on most species of the genus), hence in that table it would
be associated with atriceps, from which it differs in being more
robust, and in the much denser and smaller punctures of the
prothorax, elytra, and hind parts; the punctures are very
much denser than on the type (and also on a co-type and
many other specimens) of fallax, the clypeus is less narrowed
to the apex, and its sides and apex are more strongly reflexed ;
from Macleay’s description of monticola (tabled by Blackburn
as having the punctures of the pronotum ‘‘quite sparse’’ in
comparison with those of fallax) it differs in many particulars
of colour and punctures. From certain directions the front
margin of the clypeus appears to be widely truncated, with
the lateral angles obtuse, but not rounded; from directly

5d4

above it appears to be feebly incurved to the middle, and
from behind (seen just above the head) it is scarcely per-
ceptibly trilobed. There was no locality label on the type, but
it was probably from Queensland or the Northern Territory.

LIPARETRUS MIMICUS, Nn. sp.

Black ; elytra, hind parts, and parts of legs dark piceous-
brown, tarsi, front tibiae, antennae (club excepted) and palpi
paler. Sterna with rather dense long pale hair, becoming
sparser and more setose in character on abdomen; upper-
surface and hind parts glabrous, except for a fringe of dark
hair on each side of pronotum.

Head with small dense non-confluent punctures; clypeal
suture unusually deep; clypeus short, with somewhat larger
but not much sparser punctures than between: eyes, sides
strongly oblique and gently rounded, front truncated, with
angles rounded off. Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorax with
sides strongly rounded posteriorly ; hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute; median line vague;
punctures rather small and sparse. Hlytra with moderately
large but not very dense punctures; geminate-striae well-
defined. Hind parts with dense punctures, rather larger
than on pronotum, the propygidium with a rather large but
obtuse median tubercle. Front tzhiae tridentate, but the
tooth nearest the base very small (the others large) ; two basal
joints of hind tarsi equal or subequal. Length, 6 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow).
Type (unique), I. 7858.

The type does not fit well into any of Blackburn’s
divisions of Group 16, as its elytra, although dark, are not
black, but regarding them as black it would be associated with
erythropygus, from which it differs in many respects (size,
colour, punctures, etc.). When the full length of the two
basal joints of the hind tarsi is visible, the first 1s seen to be
a trifle longer than the second (certainly not ‘‘much’’
longer) (8), but from some directions it appears to be a trifle
shorter; it is the only member of Group 16 (except fallaz,
which extends as far south as Oodnadatta) known from South
Australia. In general appearance it is strikingly close to
rotundipenns (of Group 13), to some of gracilipes (of Group
7), and to some of prcipennis (of Group 4). I have satisfied
myself by careful examination of the antennae from different
positions and in good lights that they are but eight-jointed ;

(8)Group 17, the group with the basal joint much longer
than the second, consists of but one species (criniger), very
unlike the present one.

505

the club is considerably darker than the rest of the antennae,
but is far from being black; the upper-surface has a vague
wridescence. The elytra of the type appear to have remnants
of a very short membrane.

Group 17.
LIPARETRUS FLAVICORNIS, 0. sp.

Black; eltyra (base, suture, and margins excepted) and
legs more or less castaneous, antennae and palpi flavous.
Under-surface with dense pale hair, pronotum rather densely
and almost uniformly clothed with brownish hair, becoming
shorter, denser, and paler on head between eyes (clypeus
glabrous), elytra with rather long sparse clothing at base and
sides, becoming sparser and shorter towards middle, and
absent posteriorly; hind parts with moderately dense, and
mostly depressed, pale clothing.

Head with small dense subasperate punctures; clypeus
short, with sparser punctures than between eyes, its suture
marked by a conspicuous, transverse, subgranular elevation,
sides rounded, front truncated, but angles Widely rounded off.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorar with sides strongly
produced outwards, hind angles widely rounded off, the front
ones subrectangular; median line vague; with fairly dense
but rather small punctures. Hlytra with not very dense and
rather small punctures, becoming smaller on sides and
posteriorly; geminate-striae scarcely traceable. Hind parts
with dense, small, shallow punctures. Front tibiae strongly
tridentate (the front tooth unusually thin and curved); basal
joint of hind tarsi much longer than second. Length, 6 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7832.

Belongs to Group 17, hitherto consisting of but one
known species (criniger), from which this species differs in
being much smaller and differently clothed, sides of prothorax
angularly produced, etc. As viewed from the side the base
of the clypeus appears to be traversed by a prominent ridge;
the elytra of the type are without an apical membrane.

LIPARETRUS NIGRICLAVUS, Nl. sp.

Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins narrowly
infuscated), hind parts and legs (coxae and hind femora
black) more or less reddish-castaneous, antennae (club black)
and palpi flavous. Sterna moderately, abdomen (including
hind parts) more sparsely clothed; upper-surface glabrous
except for a fringe of dark hairs on each side, and one across
apex of pronotum.

556

Head with crowded and small but seldom confluent
punctures; with a lghtly elevated, semidouble, transverse
median ridge; clypeus with slightly larger and sparser punc-
tures than between eyes, sides strongly decreasing to apex,
which is truncate, but with angles widely rounded off.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorax less transverse than usual,
sides moderately rounded, hind angles obtuse but not com-
pletely rounded off, front ones produced and acute, median
line vague; punctures small and sparse. Hlytra with rather
sparse punctures of moderate size; geminate-striae well
defined. Hind parts with rather dense and small punctures,
the propygidium with an obtuse median tubercle. Front
tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly
longer than second. Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales (Blackburn’s collection). Type
(unique), I. 4580.

Belongs to Group 17; but the type is a specimen assumed
by the late Rev. T. Blackburn to be tuberculatus, and placed
by him in Group 19, on account of its antennae appearing to
be seven-jointed. As a matter of fact it is neither tuberculatus
nor a member of-Group 19, its antennae being really eight-
jointed. The left antenna has the joints of the club separated,
and the fifth joint is so small and so closely applied to the
base of the club that as a joint it appears to be non-existent,
and in consequence that antenna appears to be seven-jointed ;
but on the right antenna the fifth joint is less closely applied
to the club, and is seen to be acutely pointed on one side. The
basal joint of the hind tarsi is very decidedly longer than the
second, although less conspicuously so than on criniger, from
which it differs in its opaque pronotum, and very different
clothing. In general appearance it is close to many species,
but by the use of Blackburn’s table it may be readily
separated from all others. The clothing of the abdomen
consists of a row across each segment: at the side rather long
pale depressed hairs, across the middle short stiff suberect
setae; the elytra have fragments of a very short apical
membrane.

Group 19.
LIPARETRUS PALLENS, N. sp.

Castaneo-flavous, head and legs with a redder tinge;
antennae and palpi flavous. Under-surface moderately, the
abdomen more sparsely, clothed; upper-surface glabrous
except for a fringe on each side of pronotum, a few short
depressed setae across its apex, and a few inconspicuous
setae on clypeus; hind parts with short, sparse, and incon-
spicuous setae.

597

Head with small crowded punctures, somewhat sparser
in middle than in front, clypeus short, with larger and much
gparser punctures than between eyes, sides strongly rounded
and rapidly decreasing to apex, which is very feebly incurved
to middle, and with angles widely rounded off. Antennae
seven-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly rounded
and produced outwards towards base, hind angles widely
rounded off, the front ones produced and acute, median line
briefly and vaguely indicated; surface shagreened, and with
rather small and not crowded punctures. EHlytra with punc-
tures much as on pronotum; geminate-striae well-defined ;
with a conspicuous, finely corrugated apical membrane. Hind
parts with small shallow punctures. Front tbzae strongly
bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 6-7 mm. :

Hab.—Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type,
LF 865.

Readily distinguished from all others of Group 19 by its
bidentate front tibiae. In general appearance it is strikingly
close to pallidus and wmdentatus (of Group 13), but those
species have nine-jointed antennae, whilst on the three
specimens before me of the present species the antennae are
easily seen to be but seven-jointed. The upper-surface has a
slight pruinose gloss; the pronotum is very narrowly infuscated
on all its margins, but the infuscation is invisible to the naked
eye, the scutellum also has its margins very narrowly
infuscated.

AUTOMOLUS.

I cannot quite follow Mr. Blackburn in his table of this
-genus (ante, 1906, pp. 279-281), as regards the clothing of the
head and pronotum of the species of BBB being ‘‘at most
fine adpressed sparse hairs’; on granulatus and humilis the
hairs are dense and stout (more or less setose in character),
but being adpressed they have a very different appearance to
the erect hairs of the other groups; but this is liable to
alteration by maltreatment, as has been already commented
upon under ordinatus; two specimens of valgoides before me
also have the clothing of the head and pronotum decumbent.
Moreover the clothing of the pronotum quite commonly varies
in colour, so that it is not advisable to eh much reliance
on this as a distinguishing feature.

AUTOMOLUS ALPICOLA, Blackb.
Many specimens from New South Wales agree perfectly
(sex for sex) in structure with two co-types of this species,
but have most of the clothing of the pronotum black; by the

558

table they would not be associated with alpicola, but with
bicolor, from which they are structurally very different.

AUTOMOLUS DEPRESSUS, Blanch.

This species varies from a form having the clothing oi
the pronotum entirely pale to one in which it is entirely black.

AUTOMOLUS GRANULATUS, Blackb.

The enormous propygidium of this species, in comparison
with the small pygidium, and the dark club readily distinguish
this species from all others of the genus except humilis and
propygidiahs. The type and only specimen known to Black-
burn was evidently a male; the female differs in being more
or less castaneous (the head, scutellum, and pygidium ex-
cepted), and each elytron with a conspicuous postero-lateral
glabrous space (much larger than on the female of humilis).

Hab.—South Australia: Wilmington, Karoonda to
Peebinga; Western Australia: Beverley.

AUTOMOLUS BURMEISTERI, Macl.

In Blackburn’s table of the species of Awtomolus this
species (with others) is distinguished by ‘“‘pilosity of pronotum
dark at least in middle of disc.’’ This is generally true of the
males, but all of the numerous females before me have the
pilosity entirely of a rusty red, and even on some males black
hairs are not always present", although generally con-
spicuous on the middle. The sexual brand on each elytron of
the female is smaller than usual (about the length of the
scutellum, but only about half its width).

AUTOMOLUS SEMITIFER, Blackb.

Of this species Blackburn had four females under examin-
ation, and of these there are now three before me, all of
which have the club black. The co-types are slightly greasy,
but specimens in better condition have a curious silken or
pruinose gloss on the pygidium, propygidium, and abdomen,
very conspicuous from some directions; in consequence the
punctures, although shallow, appear considerably larger than
they otherwise would, and the hairs with which they are
supplied project in a curious way. The sexual brand on the
co-types is continuous on each elytron, from the shoulder to
the apex, but on some others it is interrupted in the middle,
so that each appears to have two smaller ones, one on the

(19) It is difficult to distinguish such males from males of
depressus, apart from the shorter pilosity of the pygidium and
propygidium.

559

shoulder, the other near the apex (2). The male differs in
being smaller, abdomen considerably smaller, prothorax with
black hairs much more conspicuous (on the female they are
sometimes entirely pale), elytra without sexual brands, and
tarsi somewhat longer.

AUTOMOLUS MELANCHOLICUS, N. sp.

Black; parts of tarsi somewhat reddish, antennae (club
excepted), and palpi flavous. Densely clothed with long ashen-
white hair, becoming darker on most of prothorax than
elsewhere, elytra with short and rather dense suberect, dark
pubescence, and with a few longer pale hairs.

Head densely granulate-punctate; clypeus with sides and
apex incurved. Antennae apparently eight-, club three-jointed.
Prothorax rather strongly convex; with punctures as on head.
Elytra with suboblong, asperate punctures in irregular
(semidouble) rows, alternate interstices somewhat elevated.
Hind parts with dense and rather large but shallow punctures.
Front tebiae with two strong apical teeth, and a small one near
base, basal joint of hind tarsi very short. Length, 5-54 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow).
Type, I. 4587.

In Blackburn’s table would be associated with funereus
and striatepennmis, from the former distinguished by its larger
size and hind tarsi, etc., and from the descripion of the latter
by the complete absence of abdominal scales. On funereus the
second joint of the hind tarsi is scarcely more than twice the
length of the first, and the length (excluding the claws) of
the fifth; on the present species the second joint is about
thrice the iength of the first, and distinctly longer than the
fifth. The elytra are obscurely diluted with red about the
apex, they are without a conspicuous sexual brand on any of
the four specimens before me, but on two of them the summit
of the apical slope of each elytron has a shining interrupted
space that may be remnants of brands; the elytra of these
specimens, however, are quite as dark as those of the others,
and I can find no other distinctions likely to be sexual.

AUTOMOLUS TRIDENTIFRONS, 0. sp.
: Pl. xXxxvii., fiz. A6.
Black; elytra bright-castaneous, but base and suture
somewhat infuscated, antennae (club excepted), palpi, and

(20) One of these was standing with specimens of depressus
in Blackburn’s collection, but the punctures of the hind parts
readily distinguish it from the females of that species, apart
altogether from the sexual brands.

560

tarsi more or less reddish. Clothed with stout, white,
depressed hair or setae, longer and denser on the under-
surface than on the upper, where it is almost evenly
distributed, except that on the elytra it has a subgeminate
appearance, and that there are some longer fringing hairs;
hind parts with dense subsquamose clothing.

Head coarsely granulate-punctate; sides of clypeus
oblique, front acutely tridentate. Antennae apparently eight-,
club three-jointed. Prothorar granulate-punctate, the
punctures of moderate size and not very close together. Elytra
with irregular rows of punctures, a small granule behind
each; a transverse, shining, interrupted space across summit
of apical slope. Hind parts with dense but more or
less concealed punctures. Front tcae with a strong and
acute apical tooth, a smaller submedian one, and a very small
one near base; basal joint of hind tarsi scarcely half the
length of second. Length, 44-45 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell (H. W. Brown).
Type, I. 4584.

A shining species that in Blackburn’s table would be
associated with pygmaeus, from which it differs in its con-
spicuously tridentate clypeus; opaculus has the clypeus
tridentate, but less acutely than on the present species, its
prothorax is very differently sculptured, clothing of hind parts
sparser and considerably finer, and feminine brands much
more conspicuous. The clothing of the hind parts is almost
squamose in character, on the upper-surface the setae are
thinner but still fairly stout. Of the four specimens before
me three are apparently females, and of these two have a
vague greenish gloss on the pronotum, the third has the
elytra with the margins (as well as the base and suture)
infuscated; the fourth specimen is apparently a male (in
Automolus the female is the more distinctive sex of the
species), and has the elytra and antennae entirely black, the
upper-surface much less shining, with thinner and denser
(although not longer) and mostly black or blackish clothing,
the pygidium with finer clothing (scarcely even setae) and
the clothing on the under-surface rather thinner and _ less
dense.

AUTOMOLUS PROPYGIDIALIS, Nn. sp.
Plo xxxvinveue 147.

Black ; elytra, legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi
more or less castaneous, abdomen darker, with moderately
.long, pale, and rather dere clothing, shorter on hind parts,
and darker on middle of pronotum than elsewhere.

Head with dense asperate punctures; clypeus with sides
oblique and lightly incurved, apex truncate. Antennae

561

apparently eight-, club three-jointed. Prothorax with large,
shallow, rugulose punctures, the interspaces with fine punc-
tures. Elytra with irregular punctures, the interstices
irregular and finely wrinkled. Hind parts with dense, sub-
granulate punctures; propygidium very large, the pygidium
small. Front t#biae with a strong and acute apical tooth, a
small one near apex and a very feeble one near base. Length,
4+ mm.

; Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type (unique), I. 7868.

Allied to humilis, with which it would be associated in
Blackburn’s table, but clothing of pronotum considerably
denser and longer (although still depressed), the prothoracic
punctures are rather larger and sparser (but considerably
smaller than on pygmaeus, which also has a much smaller
propygidium); the type is probably a female (its elytra are
reddish), and if so a small shining space at the middle near
the apex of each elytron is the sexual brand, which is very
much smaller, and in a different position to the feminine
brand of humilis; granulatus is a considerably larger species,
with shorter clothing, the feminine brand very conspicuous,
and the male with black elytra. The pronotum is not as dark
as the head, but is darker than the abdomen, which to the
naked eye appears almost black; only a small part of its
clothing is darker than the rest, but it is probably variable.

AUTOMOLUS BRUNNEUS, ND. sp.

Blackish-brown or dark brown; head (except in front)
black; legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi paler.
Clothed with moderately dense pubescence.

Head with fairly large and deep but not crowded punc-
tures ; clypeus with oblique feebly incurved sides, apex widely
truncated. Antennae apparently eight-, club three-jointed.
Prothorax with rather dense, subasperate punctures. Llytra
with irregular semidouble rows of not very large and somewhat
asperate punctures; interstices nowhere conspicuously
elevated. Hind parts with punctures much as on pronotum,
rather larger on pygidium than on propygidium. Front tzbiae
strongly bidentate at apex, and with a small subbasal tooth ;
basal joint of hind tarsi much shorter than second. Length,
34-44 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 7866.

The clothing of the head and prothorax is rather dense,
but as it is not erect it seems better to refer the species to
AA, BBB, than to AA, B, of Blackburn’s table: but it does
not. fit:well there, the prothoracic punctures are smaller and

562

denser than on pygmaeus, but rather larger than on the other
species of BB (except evanescens); the propygidium is not
enormous as on the species of DD, and the clypeus is sharply
truncated in front, not rounded as on evanescens; or triden-
tate as on opaculus. All the species of AA, B, C, are
considerably larger, except funereus, which is a deep black
species with very different clothing, and pictus, from the
description of which it differs in many particulars of colour
and sculpture. The three specimens before me all differ ©
slightly in colour, this in general being of a very dark-brown,
with the abdomen (and elytra or not) obscurely paler; on the
under-surface the clothing is mostly of a dingy-white; on the
upper-surface of one specimen it is not much darker, but on
the others it is considerably darker (almost black in parts), in
general, however, it has an ashen appearance.

These specimens are presumably males (they certainly
have no sexual brand on the elytra); two others are possibly
females of the species, they have the elytra more coarsely
sculptured, with the alternate interstices conspicuous, and
with a small irregular shining space (presumably the sexual
brand) near the apex of each, club of the antennae consider-
ably smaller, abdomen rather more convex, pygidium larger
and propygidium smaller, clothing stouter (this is notably
the case on the hind parts), that on the elytra blackish (except
at the base, suture, and apex), and that of the pronotum
more conspicuously variegated, being pale except on a rather
distinct medio-basal space, where it is almost black.

PSEUDORYCTES SEMICALVUS, ND. sp.
Pl. xxxv., figs. 64, 65.

3. Bright-castaneous, some of the projecting parts
darker. Densely clothed with rusty-red hair, elytra and apical
half of pygidium glabrous.

Head flattened and with small punctures between eyes;
clypeus almost vertical, and with conspicuously elevated
margins, especially in front; mentum narrow and conspicuous.
Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, rami of club about as long
as inner part of front tibiae. Prothorax with a somewhat
flattened excavation for more than half its width, the excava-
tion marked on each side by a strong pointed horn (curved
inwards at its tip), the middle of the apex with another but
smaller and more acute curved horn, produced over head ;
with dense, partially concealed punctures. Scutellum
with similar punctures to pronotum. Jlytra distinctly
wider than prothorax, sutural and marginal striae well-
defined, the others feeble ; with irregular series of sparse and
mostly small punctures. Pygidiwm with dense punctures

563

beneath hair, sparse ones elsewhere. Spurs to hind tzbiae long.
wide, unequal, and obtuse. Length 24-27 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7823.

The simple medio-frontal prothoracic horn associates this
species with monstrosus, but that species has the prothoracic
cavity much less densely clothed (to the naked eye it appears
glabrous) and the horns much longer, elytra darker, etc. ; the
clothing on the pronotum and scutellum is almost as dense as
on the under-surface, it is even fairly dense on the back parts
of the horns, but their front parts are glabrous. Six specimens
were obtained at lights.

PSEUDORYCTES GRISEOPILOSUS, 0. sp.
Pi sexs: fis ior-

d. Black; parts of legs somewhat paler, antennae
eastaneous. Densely clothed with greyish hair, but elytra
and apical half of pygidium glabrous.

Head with fairly numerous punctures; clypeus almost
vertical, semicircular, margins strongly elevated, especially
the hind one; mentum moderately prominent. Antennae
ten-, club three-jointed, its rami unusually large. Prothorax
with a wide, deep, median excavation, bounded on each side
and in front by a strong, curved, simple horn, the front one
projecting over head; with numerous, rather small, partially
concealed punctures. Hlytra very little wider than widest part
of prothorax, sutural and marginal striae deep, the others
rather shallow but containing rows of rather large punctures, |
which become sparse or absent posteriorly. Spurs to hind
tibiae moderately long, unequal, and rather sharply pointed.
Length, 12 mm. .

Hab.—South Australia: Wirrabara. Type (unique), I.
7821.

The mentum is more swollen than is usual in Cavonus,
and less than in Pseudoryctes, and the club of the antennae
is larger than usual in either genus (quite as large as on most
species of Corynophyllus); but as the prothoracic cavity is
filled with hair the species has been referred to Pseudoryctes.

PSEUDORYCTES NIGRIPENNIS, Nn. sp.
Pi xxxv.:) figs: 70, 17

¢. Bright-castaneous; elytra and part of head black.
Rather densely clothed with reddish hair, but elytra and
apical two-thirds of pygidium glabrous.

Head almost impunctate; clypeus almost vertical, semi-
circular and rather deeply concave; mentum prominent.
Antennae ten-, club three-jointed ; rami of club about as long
as head is wide. Prothorax with a wide and deep median

564

excavation, on each side of which is a long, strong, suberect
horn, front strongly produced into a bifid horn; punctures
rather sparse and small. H#lytra subquadrate, the width of
base of prothorax; sutural and marginal striae well-defined,
the others feeble but containing well-defined rows (sub-
geminately arranged) of rather small but deep punctures.
Pygidium impunetate, except at base. Spurs to hind tibiae
long, stout, unequal, and obtuse. Length, 13-16 mm.

Hab.—Southern Queensland (H. H. D. Griffith, from
F. P. Dodd), Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type, I. 7830.

Allied to tectus, but much smaller and with black
elytra. The clypeal cavity varies considerably in depth and
the prothoracic horns in size; on the largest specimen each
of the suberect horns if inclined inwards would touch the base
of its fellow, and the frontal one is directed well over the
head with each of its wings considerably wider than the
clypeus; on the smallest specimen each suberect horn if
inclined inwards would scarcely extend more than half-way to
the base of its fellow, and the wings of the frontal horn are
feeble, the distance between their tips being considerably less
than the width of the clypeus. I have also seen a specimen,
from the Alice River, in Mr. H. W. Brown’s collection.

PSEUDORYCTES ATER, 01. sp.
Pl. xxxv., figs. 55, 56.

3. Deep black and shining. Lower-surface, legs, and
most of pygidium with black hair, upper-surface glabrous.

Head with irregularly distributed punctures; clypeus
vertical, almost transversely-elliptic, deeply concave; mentum
prominent and rather thin. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed,
the rami almost as long as the distance across the eyes. Pro-
thorax with a deep excavation for more than half its width,
each side of it marked by a long, strong, suberect horn, having
a small projection at about its middle, front produced well
over head and very widely bifurcated ; excavation with short,
transverse, subvermiculate excavations, elsewhere with irregu-
larly distributed punctures. lytra subquadrate, scarcely
wider than prothorax; with almost regular rows of large
punctures in deep striae, but becoming irregular posteriorly.
Pygidium with irregular punctures, almost absent from a
space near apex, but dense at base. Spurs to hind ¢tzdbiae long,
subparallel-sided, obtusely pointed and unequal. Length, 18-
20 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7822.

Apparently allied to swleatus, but differs from the
description of that species in being black, and with large
sublateral prothoracic horns.

565

PSEUDORYCTES VALIDUS, Hh. sp.
Pl. xxxv., figs. 62, 63.

3. Black; parts of under-surface and of legs castaneous.
Upper-surface glabrous, lower-surface, legs, and upper parts
of pygidium with dense, somewhat reddish hair.

Head almost impunctate, rather deeply concave between
eyes; clypeus semicircular, deeply concave; mentum very
prominent. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed. Prothorax
very largely excavated, sides and apex armed; cavity trans-
versely and obliquely strigose, elsewhere with sparse
punctures. Llytra subquadrate; striation very feeble, with
a distinct row of small punctures in sutural stria, but elsewhere
almost or quite impunctate. Pygidiwm with punctures only
about base. Legs very thick and strong; spurs of hind tibiae
long, parallel-sided, obtusely pointed and unequal. Length,
18-24 mm.

Hab—-Queensland: Coen (J. A. Anderson). Type, I.
2278.

Belongs to the same section of the. genus as dispar,
mullerianus, and turritus, from the two latter distinguished
by its entirely black upper-surface, and from the former by
its compound medio-frontal horn of pronotum, smooth elytra,
etc. The size and armature of the prothorax vary considerably
on the three specimens before me; on the type its greatest
width is considerably more than that of the elytra, but on the
smallest specimen its width is equal to that of the elytra; the
cavity is so large that, on the largest specimen, the distance
between the tips of the lateral projections is equal to the width
of the elytra; the lateral projections’ appear to be acutely
elevated parts of the sides, from the base each curves forward
till becoming vertical, at the middle of its front face there is
a transverse cavity, emarginate in front; the median projection
of the largest specimen overhangs and passes the head, with
its tip notched so as to appear bifid from behind, and V or
Y shaped from in front; on the smallest specimen it does not
pass the head, and its point is almost simple.

PSEUDORYCTES SEMICRUDUS, Nn. sp.
Pi xxxv., figs.’ 66)" 67.

3. Black; elytra bright-red, parts of under-surface and
of legs reddish. Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface, legs,
and upper parts of pygidium with dense, reddish hair.

Head with fairly numerous punctures, rather deeply
concave between eyes; clypeus semicircular, deeply concave,
and vertical; mentum very prominent. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed ; rami almost as long as head is wide. Prothorax

566

with a wide and deep excavation, sides and apex armed;
cavity transversely strigose, sides with scattered punctures.
Elytra subquadrate, narrower than widest part of prothorax ;
sutural stria well-defined and with irregular punctures,
elsewhere striation and punctures very feeble or absent.
Pygidium with punctures only about base. Legs very powerful ;
spurs of hind tibiae very long, thin, acutely pointed, and
subequal. Length, 17-20 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Melville Island (W. D.
Dodd). iiype, 1. 22779)

Readily distinguished from all previously described
species by its striking colours, these being alike on six
specimens taken by Mr. Dodd. Structurally it is allied to the
preceding species, and the cavity of the prothorax is much
the same, but the lateral projections are less exaggerated, and
the depression on the front face of each is larger, the medio-
apical projection extends well over the head, and its tip is
conspicuously notched, so that from in front it appears like
a V or U, directly from behind it appéars acutely bifid; the
transverse carina, marking the hind margin of the clypeus,
is sometimes quite as strongly elevated as the front margin,
but is sometimes less than half its height.

PSEUDORYCTES TRIFIDUS, Blackb.
IPL Sexxy, ties.» 58-Oll,

Several males of this species were taken by Mr. H.
Hardcastle at Cunnamulla (Queensland) ; of these a small one
(fig. 61) differs from the normal form in having the frontal
horn of the prothorax smaller and bifid. A female has the
prothorax wide flattened and unarmed, the head with the
clypeal cavity much smaller, and the club of the antennae
only about half the size of that of the male.

PSEUDORYCTES MONSTROSUS, Blackb. (pl. xxxv., figs. 49,

S10.

P. MULLERIANUS, White (pl. xxxv., fig. 51).

P. turritus, Macl. (pl. xxxv., figs. 52-54).

P. DISPAR, Sharp (pl. xxxveiies. (68, 69),

P. rectus, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxv., figs. 47, 48).

Ilustrations of these species are given for purposes of
comparison.

The males of this fine genus (except sulcatus, unknown
to me, but certainly allied to ater) may be tabulated as
follows :—

A. Prothoracic cavity entirely glabrous.

a. Hlytra coarsely sculptured ... ... ... ... ater
aa. Elytra finely sculptured.
bdiisitravbright red: ..:) seo... ceisemeerudius

bb. Elytra black wok wae) RE. ce LES

567

AA. Prothoracic cavity not entirely glabrous
(usually densely clothed). .
B. Lateral projections of prothorax not simple. ea
c. Apical projection of prothorax bifid ... turritus

ec. Apical Eeuieoon Pape:
ad. Black... é AB nee se Lat. “IspayTr
dd. Reddish... . mullerianus

BB. Lateral projections of prothorax simple.
C. Apical projection of pee ene ay la

Peet yira TeAGISHy os Sc) tyes 1 foo 4s, Semicalvus
ee. Elytra black.
f. Pronotum red and sparsely clothed .... monstrosus

ff. Pronotum black and densely clothed griseopilosus
CC. Apical projection of prothorax not

simple.
D. Apical projection trifid (2) ... ... ... trifidus
DD. Apical projection bifid.
EK. Elytra black ... . was: |e NREES oule . cee th MULL DECRIES
mee Pivtta FTeddish .:....: ase. Lo beekus

CAVONUS ACUTIFRONS, 0. sp.
Pl. xextiyce es yo:

3. Black and shining. Upper-surface glabrous; under-
surface, legs, and upper part of pygidium with dense black
hair.

Head transversely impressed and with numerous punc-
tures between eyes; clypeus large semicircular, margins rather
strongly elevated and undulating; mentum not very con-
spicuous. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, seventh joint
very thin, rami of club about as long as head is wide.
Prothorax with a large and deep cavity bounded by a
conspicuous horn on each side and in front, the cavity with
transverse striae, elsewhere with punctures, becoming crowded
in front. Llytra scarcely wider than prothorax, slightly
longer than wide; with rows of large punctures in well-defined
striae, the second and third rows on each elytron widely
separated from about the base to near the middle. Pygidiwm
with crowded punctures about base, smooth, and almost
impunctate elsewhere. Spurs of hind tzbiae stout and
unequal. Length, 12 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7820.

The size of parvus, but excavation of prothorax larger
and with a tubercle on each side of it, clothing of under-
surface black, etc. ; armatus has prothorax somewhat similarly
armed, but the clothing of its under-surface is not black, and
the elytral punctures and striae are very different; sculp-
twratus (also from Ooldea) was described as being considerably

(21)On a rare variety of trifidus the projection is bifid, but
the species is otherwise abundantly distinct from tectus and
nigripennis.

568

larger, and with different clothing on the under-surface.
Neocavonus niger and Phylliocephala nigrohirta have some-
what similar clothing, but are structurally very different.
The prothoracic cavity occupies fully half of the disc, the
tubercle on each side of it is fairly large and acute, and
projects slightly backwards, the apical tubercle is somewhat
larger, more acute, curved, and projects well over the head.

Cavonus pParvus, Blackb.
Pla xxxiy;, fies: 30, 31.

This species varies considerably in size, the largest male
in the Museum is 21 mm. in length; two specimens of the
species were taken from nests of a soldier-ant (Myrmecia) at
Port Lincoln.

CavoNnus ARMATUS, Sharp.
Pl, xxxiv.,;fiess 27,20.

Males and females of this species in the Museum, both

vary in length from 14 to 22 mm.

ANEURYSTYPUS PACHYPUS, Ni. Sp.

3. Bright-castaneous; head somewhat darker and
opaque. Under-surface, legs, and pygidium with dense,
rusty-red hair; upper-surface glabrous, except for some long
hairs in gutters of pronotum.

Head with coarse, crowded punctures between eyes,
becoming smaller and less crowded towards base, and absent
from a small medio-basal, polished space; clypeus with sides
and apex strongly rounded and elevated, suture well defined,
punctures at base as behind the suture, but becoming much
smaller in front. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, rami
rather narrow, but slightly longer than head is wide. Pro-
thorax scarcely twice as wide as long, evenly convex, not
excavated or tuberculate in front, sides strongly rounded,
angles rounded off; with fairly numerous distinct but not very
large punctures becoming somewhat larger and more numerous
on sides. Hlytra slightly wider than prothorax ; with somewhat
irregular rows of distinct (but usually not very large) punc-
tures, usually in striae, these in places having a tendency to
become geminate, punctures about apex crowded and irregular.
Pygidium with crowded but partially concealed punctures.
_ Hind trbvae very short and strongly dilated to apex, spurs
stout and very unequal; claws long and thin. Length, 11-13
mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7827.

The unarmed prothorax and small size associate this
species with /aetus, from the description of which it differs very
considerably in the punctures of its head and pygidium, and

569

in the clothing of its pronotum; the mentum is intermediate
in prominence between that of dives and aurilegulus. The
antennae are of normal form for the genus, but the hind tibiae
are unsually short and wide. The clothing of the lateral
gutters of the pronotum is as in Blackburn’s Group 2, of
Haplonycha (ante, 1906, p. 292), whilst the apical joint of
the maxillary palpi is as in his Group 3; in fact there is quite
a strong resemblance of this species to H. mawricei, originally
described from Ooldea; the resemblance, of course, is only
superficial, as the antennae, mouth parts, and legs, etc., are
all very different.

ANEURYSTYPUS PILOSICOLLIS, nN. sp.

¢. Bright-castaneous, some parts darker. Under-
surface, legs, and pygidium with dense, long, stramineous
hair, elytra (except for the marginal fringes and for a few
hairs at base) glabrous, rest of upper-surface moderately
clothed.

Head coarsely and irregularly sculptured between eyes,
but becoming smooth towards base; clypeus with front and
sides rounded and strongly elevated, the latter abruptly
truncated at base, suture deep, punctures rather small and
irregular. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, rami rather thin
but as long as head is wide. Prothorax more than twice as
wide as long, sides rather strongly rounded, angles rounded
off, front neither excavated nor tuberculate; punctures
moderately large and unevenly distributed. Hlytra slightly
wider than prothorax; punctures and striae much as on
preceding species. Pygidiwm and legs much as on that species.
Length, 9-10 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7828.

The clothed and unarmed pronotum, densely clothed
pygidium, and very short hind tibiae, readily distinguish
this from all previously described species, except the preceding,
from which it differs in being smaller, sculpture of the head
more irregular, mentum much more prominent, prothorax
with coarser punctures and its clothing not confined to the
gutters, but scattered about on the disc as well; the mentum
is very prominent, in this respect being second only to that of
pauxillus. The three specimens before me all have the basal
half of the head almost black, and they all have the suture
and outer apical parts of the elytra infuscated; two have the
scutellum darker than the adjacent parts of elytra, and one
of these has the prothorax rather deeply infuscated. On the
head between the eyes the clothing is shorter and sparser than
on the pronotum.

570

ANEURYSTYPUS INERMICOLLIS, Nn. sp.

¢. Bright-castaneous. Under-surface and legs with
dense, rusty-red hair; upper-surface glabrous; pygidium
sparsely clothed on upper-sides, elsewhere glabrous.

Head with irregular punctures between eyes; clypeus
rather elongate, apex and sides strongly elevated, the latter
deflected outwards at base to touch the ocular canthi, basal
carina well elevated and somewhat sinuous, punctures rather
small and fairly numerous. Antennae ten-, club three-
jointed, seventh joint very thin, rami much larger than usual
in the genus. Prothorar not twice as wide as long, sides
strongly rounded, front angles produced, the hind ones rounded
off, front neither excavated nor tuberculate ; punctures sparse
and minute, but becoming somewhat larger towards base.
Elytra slightly wider than prothorax; sutural and lateral
striae distinct but somewhat irregular, the others very feeble,
punctures moderately large but irregular, rather sparse except
on apical slope. Pygidium with crowded and _ irregular
punctures about base, sparse and small elsewhere. Hind tihme
moderately long, spurs long and unequal; claws long, thin, and
equal. Length, 15 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Denial Bay (Dr. C. T. Abbott).
Type (unique), I. 7826.

The only previously described species (except the two pre-
ceding ones) whose male has the prothorax unarmed is /aevis,‘)
from the description of which the present species differs
in being larger, in having the punctures of the clypeus smaller
than in pauanilus instead of larger, and in other details of
punctures. The club of the antennae is considerably larger
than in other species of the genus and approaches that of
Corynophyllus, but the mentum is more prominent than on
that genus. In Aneurystypus the mentum varies considerably, .
being very prominent in pawaxillus, not quite so prominent in
richardsae, still less prominent in calvus and aurilequlus, and
slightly less so in dives, on which species it is much as on the
present one. The punctures between the eyes are not very
dense, close to the eyes they are small, simple, and fairly ©
numerous, but in the middle they are smaller, and often two
or three are transversely conjoined to appear like short striae.
On close examination much of the surface of the prothorax
and elytra is seen to be very finely shagreened. On the type
the side of each elytron near the base has a small and peculiar
notch, but this may be individual rather than specific.

(22) Excluding collaris, which has been transferred to Sauio-
stomus, of the Rutelides, on account of its uneven claws. I am
very dubious if the transfer was justified, despite the claws. ,

571

. CHEIROPLATYS EXCAVATUS, DN. sp.
Pl. xxxiv., figs. 37-39.

dG. Black and highly polished, under-surface obscurely
diluted with red. Upper-surface and pygidium glabrous,
under-surface with long, reddish-brown bristles.

Head with close reticulate sculpture, becoming transverse
on clypeus; clypeus with sides strongly, obliquely narrowed
from base to apex, which is narrow and truncate, with a
narrow gutter along apex and sides. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed, seventh joint very thin; rami of club about the
length of clypeus. Prothorax scarcely one-fourth wider than
long, sides strongly rounded, apex not half the width of base,
front angles produced, hind ones rounded off, disc very largely
excavated, middle of apex tuberculate ; excavation with narrow
sinuous markings, sides at apex densely punctate, elsewhere
with sparse and small punctures. Hlytra the width of pro-
thorax; smooth and impunctate or almost so, sutural and
lateral striae narrow and well-defined, the others absent or
very feeble. Pygidiwm very finely shagreened, with dense
punctures on upper sides, and a transverse connecting row.
Abdomen with apical segment depressed and punctate towards
base, near apex with a transverse row of bristles (and a similar
row on pygidium), a narrow deep impression behind each row.
Front tibiae strongly and very obtusely tridentate; four hind
tarsi with basal joint strongly dilated externally. Length
(3, Q), 23-26 mm.

Q. Differs in having the prothorax but feebly depressed
in front, the tubercle scarcely defined, and the punctures
simple and more crowded in front.

Hab.—Queensland: South Johnstone River (H. W.
Brown), Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 2329.

The non-tuberculate head and largely excavated prothorax
of the male with a small tubercle in front, are as in Chero-
platys and Isodon; but the smooth elytra and general
appearance are suggestive of Pseudopimelopus, but as the
characters of the head and abdomen, with the teeth of the
front tibiae strongly rounded, are as in Cheiroplatys, I have
referred the species to that genus. The clypeus is traversed
by numerous short costae, many of which are conjoined to
become longer sinuous ones, but behind .the suture the
transverse arrangement is less evident. The middle joint of
the club appears to be double at its apex (causing the club to
appear to be four-jointed there), but its middle and base are
simple. The prothoracic excavation occupies about half its
disc, in front it is flattened out, at its sides and base (which
are somewhat sinuous) -its walls are almost vertical, its base
is slightly more distant from the base of the segment than the

572

length of the scutellum; its finer sculpture on some specimens
resembles fine layers of plates, but on others the laminate
arrangement is scarcely evident; the medio-apical tubercle on
three males is single, on three other males double, the two
nodes placed longitudinally, the hind one upright, the front
one overhanging the head. On one male the prothoracic
excavation is much smaller and shallower than usual, and
only occupies about three-fifths the length of the segment, its
apical tubercle is very small and there are some fairly distinct
punctures on the elytra, with the striation (although feeble)
more evident and distinctly geminate towards the base.

CHEIROPLATYS CASTANEUS, N. Sp.
Pls xxiv. fie. J36.

3. Bright-castaneous and highly polished. Upper-
surface and pygidium.glabrous; under-surface and legs with
numerous, but irregularly distributed, reddish bristles.

Head transversely rugose; clypeus with sides strongly
obliquely decreasing in width to apex, which is rather narrow
and finely serrated, its disc with numerous transverse costae ;
mentum rather prominent. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed,
sixth and seventh joints very thin. Prothorax about once
and one-half as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, front
angles obtusely produced, the hind ones rounded off ; disc with
a large flat-bottomed excavation occupying about two-thirds
the width and three-fifths the length of the segment, its front
with an obtuse tubercle; with rather small and not very
numerous punctures, becoming larger and crowded at apex.
Elytra with sutural and lateral striae deep and well defined,
the others rather feeble and geminate in arrangement, with
series of rather small punctures in the striae, but becoming
more numerous and irregular on apex and sides; wrinkled
about shoulders. Pygidiuwm with sharply defined and not very
dense punctures, but becoming crowded at basal angles.
Abdomen with apical segment sloping to base, and with
numerous punctures there, a conspicuous row of setae near
apex, and another at tip of pygidium. Front tbiae with
three strongly rounded teeth, spurs to four hind ones wide and
unequal; basal joint of four hind tarsi strongly dilated
externally. Length, 17 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 2308.

About the size of jwvencus, but more brightly coloured,
excavation wider and flat-bottomed, punctures much smaller
and sparser, elytral sculpture much finer and clypeus different
at apex; the serrations there are nine in number on the type,

573

but are probably variable. The punctures in the prothoracic
excavation are sparse and simple.

NOVAPUS ARMATUS, HN. sp.
Pl. xxxiv., figs. 45, 46.

3. Dark reddish-brown; head and parts of legs black.
Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface and legs with rather
dense rusty-red hair, upper parts of pygidium with numerous,
rather short, depressed setae, and a few hairs.

Head with coarse crowded punctures; with a strong
suberect horn, slightly bifid at its tip. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed, seventh joint very thin. Prothorax about one-
fourth wider than long, sides dilated from base to apical third,
and then strongly incurved to apex, apex géntly arched, with
the front angles not separately produced, with a large (almost
circular) discal cavity, transversely impressed in its front,
with punctures at its back, elsewhere with sparse and rather
small punctures, but becoming larger towards base and sides.
Elytra with sutural and lateral striae well-defined, the former
crenulate; with rows (mostly regular) of rather large punc-
tures becoming smaller posteriorly, apex with numerous
smaller punctures. Pygidiwm with numerous fairly large
punctures, becoming crowded at base. Length, 21-214 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia (— Jung), Swan River (Black-
burn’s collection). Type, I. 169.

A specimen of this species was labelled by Mr. Tepper as
Novapus armatus (apparently a manuscript name of the late
Rev. T. Blackburn). It appears to be allied to rugicauda, but
differs from the description of that species in having the base
of the pygidium with a fringe of hair, and most of its surface
with rather large isolated punctures. The prothoracic excava-
tion has outlines much as on crassus, but is shallower and
differently sculptured. The cephalic horn from some
directions appears to be truncate at its tip, but really feebly
brfid.

NOVAPUS ADELAIDAE, Blackb.
Ply xxxiv., ties. 42-44.

A female from Ooldea appears to belong to this species,
but is rather larger than usual; the figures are of normal
specimens.

CRYPTODUS GIGAS, Nn. sp.
; Pl. xxxiv., fig. 40. ;
gd. Blackish; pygidium, parts of under-surface and of

legs more or less obscurely reddish. Upper-surface glabrous
and shining, under-surface sparsely and irregularly clothed.

574

Head with a conpicuous depression in middle and non-
tuberculate; with dense but irregular semicircular punctures ;
clypeus moderately elevated and truncated in front; mentum
large, gently depressed in middle, base obtusely notched for
reception of front process of prosternum, with dense but
irregular semi-circular punctures, an oblique row of long
hairs on each side. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, basal
joint about twice as long as its apical width, its extended apex
concealing some of the following joints. Prothorar about
once and one-half as wide as long, sides strongly rounded,
front angles produced, basal ones obtuse ; with sharply defined
but not very large or dense punctures, but becoming crowded
in gutters; with a shallow and vaguely defined median line.
Elytra with somewhat irregular rows of rather large, horse-
shoe-shaped punctures, becoming crowded at apex, each
(excluding the suture and margin) with four shining elevated
lines, of which the outer one is rather feeble. Pygidium
strongly convex; with crowded punctures except in middle.
Front tarsi with very unequal claws, the inner one thick, with
a large basal appendix, the outer one thin with an acute
appendix. Length, 27 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Bellingen (W. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7819.

Considerably larger than any previously described species
except politus, from the description and figure of which it
differs in having the head depressed in middle and non-
tuberculate. The mentum is conspicuously notched, but much
less deeply than is usual in those having it notched.

CRYPTODUS BILOBUS, 0. sp.
Ply xxxivs, peas

Blackish-brown; head and parts of legs black. Upper-
surface glabrous; under-surface sparsely and irregularly
clothed.

Head with crowded and irregular punctures, a short
transverse strongly elevated ridge with geminate tubercles
between eyes; clypeus strongly bilobed owing to a deep apical
notch; mentum with numerous rather large punctures,
somewhat concave in front, obtusely notched at base, with a
semicircular marginal row of stiff bristles. Antennae nine-,
club three-jointed, apex of basal joint concealing some of
the following ones. Prothoraxz about once and one-fourth as
wide as long, widest at about apical third, then gently
incurved posteriorly, then slightly dilated with the basal
angles rounded off, front angles slightly produced, a shght
concavity in middle of apex, with middle of margin slightly
elevated (but not tuberculate) ; with numerous sharply-defined

575

and rather small punctures on disc (but almost absent along
middle), becoming transverse and larger towards apex (where
they are crowded and transversely or obliquely confluent), and
more numerous on sides. EHlytra with rather large shallow
punctures, in more or less regular rows, but becoming denser
and irregular on sides and apex, striae shallow. Pygidium
with rather crowded punctures. Basal joint of four hind
tarsi dilated externally, and with several deep notches.
Length, 13-14 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (F. H. du Boulay).
Type; I. 2262.

The strongly bilobed clypeus and conspicuous geminate
tubercles of head readily distinguish this from all previously
described species of the genus. The claws of the front tarsi
are not distorted on any of the three specimens before me, but
the curious notches on the tarsi are probably indicative that
they are males.

C. caviceps, Westw., Ooldea.

C. PASSALOIDES, Germ., Ooldea.

ISODON PECUARIUS, Reiche., Birkett’s oe Carra-
weena, Farina, Hergott, Strzelecki Creek.

NEPHRODOPUS ENIGMUS, Sharp, var. NIGER, n. var.
Pip aexsive) fies) 32...33:

Some males from the Alligator River (Northern Territory)
agree so closely in sculpture with typical specimens of this
species, that I cannot regard them as representing more than
a variety; they differ, however, in having the upper parts
entirely black, the pygidium and propygidium blackish, and
a greater portion of the legs infuscated.

PSEUDOCAVONUS ANTENNALIS, Blackb.
Pl. xxxiv., figs. 34, 35.
Figured for comparison with species of the allied genera.

BUPRESTIDAE.
MERIMNA ATRATA, L. and G.

Numerous specimens of this species were seen on the
hottest days, basking on the extremely hot brick wails of the
baking ovens at Ooldea.

ANILARA PLATESSA, Thoms., Ooldea.

Drapoxus scaLaRis, L. and G., Ooldea, Parachilna.
MELOBASIS CUPREOVITTATA, Saund., Parachilna.

M. nopiLitata, Thoms., Orroroo.

M. sorpipa, Blackb., Ooldea, Parachilna.

M. sprectosa, Blackb., Orroroo, Parachilna.

576

STIGMODERA ATRICOLLIS, Saund., Cooper Creek.
S. FortNuMI, Hope, Leigh Creek.

S. HEROS, Gehin., Ooldea.

S. TIBIALIS, Waterh., Ooldea.

4

GERMARICA LILLIPUTANA, Thoms. (formerly A phanisticus ).

ce

If the expression ‘‘swbhtruncata et biacuta’’ applied to the
apex of the elytra of this species means that each elytron has
two apical mucros, I do not know it; but a species that may
be beaten from many kinds of Casuarina in Queensland
(Dalby, Bluff, and Cairns), New South Wales (Sydney, Mitta-
gong, and Whitton), Tasmania (Launceston, Hobart, Beacons-
field, and Swansea), and South Australia (Parachilna and
Ooldea) seems to me (apart from the quoted expression) to
agree with the description. The specimens of it have the sides
of the elytra obliquely narrowed to the tips (on some
appearing obliquely truncate) with each tip acute at the
suture (this 1s especially noticeable when the elytra are
separated). On some specimens the sides of the prothorax are
more strongly rounded than on others (possibly a sexual
difference) and Tasmanian ones are somewhat larger than
those from the mainland (a common variation). ‘They all
have a metallic gloss, but this is but little in evidence on some
specimens. The species is certaintly not casuarinae, from
some co-types of which it differs in being much smaller and
less coarsely sculptured, with the elytra rather more acutely
pointed (although the difference in the tips is not very
striking).

ELATERIDAE.

AGRYPNUS MASTERSI, Macl., Clayton Creek.

CHROSTUS QUADRIFOVEATUS, Cand., Ooldea.

LACON FARINENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.

MacROMALOCERA SINUATICOLLIS, Blackb., Ooldea (pl.
Xxxvi., figs. 72, 73).

Monocrepipius commopus, Blackb., Cooper Creek.

DASCILLIDAE.

CYPHON LINDENSIS, Blackb., Orroroo.

MALACODERMIDAE.

DasyTES FUSCIPENNIS, Hope, Ooldea.
Lalus EYRENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
METRIORRHYNCHUS RUFIPENNIS, Fab., Farina, Parachilna

577

CLERIDAE.

NaTAa.is porcaTA, Fab., Ooldea.
NECROBIA RUFIPES, DeG., Cooper and Leigh Creeks.

LEMIDIA VARIICOLLIS, Lea.

A specimen of this species was reared from an old gall
(probably hymenopterous) on a mulga tree at Wookalla ; it
has the prothorax as described on a co-type of the species, but
the vitta on each elytron is completely interrupted near the
apex, thus leaving an isolated blackish spot; its femora and
tibiae are entirely pale.

L. MERIDIONALIS, Lea, Parachilna.

BOSTRYCHIDAE.

BostrycHopsis JEsuITA, Fab., Carraweena, Clayton
Creek, Kopperamanna, Ooldea, Parachilna.

TENEBRIONIDAE.
ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS, Panz., Ooldea.
HOoPATRUM COWARDENSE, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
H. LONGICORNE, Blackb., Wookalla.
TENEBRIO MOLITOR, Linn., Parachilna.
HYPaAULaAx orcus, Pasc., Ooldea.
BRISES TRACHYNOTOIDES, Pasc., Winbring.

HELAEUS CONJUNCTUS, 0. sp.
Pl. xxana.,. ite. 80:

Of a dingy reddish-brown, some parts paler, carinated
parts of prothorax and of elytra shining black. Upper-surface
moderately densely clothed with stout, stramineous setae,
uniform and decumbent on pronotum, subseriately arranged
and suberect on elytra.

Head widely concave in front, densely granulate behind
eyes. Prothorax rather long (13 x 9§ mm.), disc strongly
convex, and crowned with a strong interrupted ridge; with
numerous small setiferous granules; flanges wide, obliquely
elevated, touching at their tips, with smaller and sparser
granules than on disc, margins not upturned. Scwtellum with
an acute projection in front. Hlytra no wider than widest
part of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, surface
shagreened and with small scattered punctures; each with a
conspicuous carina from base, the two subparallel for about
half their length, then converging to summit of apical slope,
and then diverging till each joins in with a conspicuous row
of shining black-tipped granules; suture flat throughout;
flanges not very wide, widest at extreme base, nowhere as
wide as the distance between the carinae, with minute

T

578

setiferous granules ; reflexed margins almost vertical, longitud-
inally concave and finely wrinkled and granulate. Length,
25 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7964.

An elongate-elliptic species allied to sqguamosus, but
discal carinae of elytra continued to join in with the sublateral
rows of granules (as in elliptieus and moniliferus), median
carina of pronotum different and the elytral margins stronger.
In Carter’s table (2) it would be associated with derbyensis,
from which it differs in having the prothorax narrower, its
carina wider and practically touching apex (its base is curved,
acute, and overhangs the scutellum), elytra more convex,
more parallel-sided, with the flanges wider and their reflexed
edges conspicuously wider.

HELAEUS WAITEI, 0. sp.
Pl. 2 &xxVi.,: figs. WOsGE,

Dull-black ; flanges and parts of appendages more or less
obscurely reddish-brown. Upper-surface opaque.

Head with small setiferous punctures. Prothorax twice
as wide as long (23 x 11 mm.); disc irregularly depressed and
with an acutely-conical, subbasal tubercle ; punctures extremely
minute ; flanges very wide, at base very much wider than disc,
feebly concave, sloping upwards, and with small but distinct
setiferous punctures, tips widely crossed, reflexed margins
almost vertical. Hlytra slightly wider than long (253 x 234
mm.), with numerous small punctures and scarcely visible
granules, near flanges each with a very feeble and non-
granulate elevation, suture narrowly carinated; flanges very
wide, especially at base, with numerous small but fairly
distinct granules, reflexed margins at base as on prothorax,
but gradually decreasing till at the tips the flanges are simple.
Length, 29-35 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea, Winbring. Type, I.
7963.

Proportionately wider and with wider flanges than any
other species of Group 1, known to me, the elytral granules
(on the disc) are also extremely faint (not visible to the naked
eye). In Blackburn’s table (ante, 1899, p. 37), it would be
associated with ingens, from which it differs in being consider-
ably wider, with wider flanges (on this species each elytral
flange at the extreme base is distinctly wider than the
intervening space), and by the entire absence of granules
from the vague elevation on each elytron just before the
flange; on two co-types of ingens these granules, although

(23) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1910, p. 93.

579

small, are acute and quite distinct to the naked eye. On one
specimen the base of the head (behind the eyes) is exposed,
and is seen to be densely covered with minute granules. A
specimen of this species was in the Blackburn collection as
ingens (see the following note).

HELAEUS INGENS, Blackb.

This species was described as from the McDonnell Ranges,
and there are two co-types in the Blackburn collection. In the
original description the elytra were noted as ‘‘obsoletissime
quadricostato (costa externa quam ceterae paulo fortiori et
granulis conicis sat validis armata).’’ Subsequently, when
dealing with the beetles of the Horn expedition, Blackburn
identified three Tempe Downs specimens as belonging to
ingens, two of these are presumably in the National (Mel-
bourne) Museum, the third is before me and is not ingens (it
is entirely without the sublateral_ row of granules on each
elytron) but the species described above as waite?.

H. aripus, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi., fig. 78).

H. Faucatus, Pasc., Ooldea.

H. rnrerroris, Macl., Museum Expedition (pl. xxxvi.,

he TON,

H. princeps, Hope, Wookalla.

PTEROHELAEUS BULLATUS, Pasc., Orroroo.

P. piceus, Kirby, Ooldea.

P. vicarius, Pasc., Knob, Lakes Crossing.

SARAGUS CONVEXIUSCULUS, Macl., Parachilna.

S. LAEVICOLLIS, Oliv., Orroroo.

S. PASCOEI, Macl., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi., fig. 74).

ONOSTERRHUS OOLDENSIS, Cart., Ooldea (4) (pl. xxxvi.,

fig. 75).

AMARYGMUS AEGER, Blackb., Ooldea.

CHALCOPTERUS EREMITUS, Blackb., Parachilna. (24)
. EYRENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
C. Fastuosus, Germ., Parachilna.
C. FERVENS, Germ., Farina, Ooldea, Parachilna (24).
C. PALMERSTONI, Blackb., Ooldea (24).
C. poLycuRomus, Pasc., Parachilna (2%.
C.
A

‘o)

PURPUREUS, Coan. Patachiina (24) |
DELIUM SIMPLEX, Blackb., Ooldea.

CISTELIDAE.
APELLATUS LATERALIS, Boh., Farina (24),
HoMOTRYSIS CARBONARIUS, Germ., Parachilna.
H. TENEBRIOIDES, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Ooldea (24).

(24) For these names we are indebted to Mr. H. J. Carter.
T2

580

ANTHICIDAE.
ANTHICUS SEMIPUNCTATUS, Nl. sp.

3. Reddish-brown; appendages paler, abdomen blackish
except at base, elytra obscurely fasciate. Moderately clothed
with short, whitish pubescence, the elytra in addition with
some longer, suberect hairs.

Head rather convex, with sparse punctures; base bilobed
just before neck. Eyes rather large and prominent. Antennae
rather thin, extending to about middle coxae. Prothorax
long, thin, and strongly convex, about twice as wide near
apex as at the subbasal constriction, non-tuberculate at base ;
with small, scattered punctures. Hlytra long, rather thin,
and lightly convex, at base about twice the width of prothorax,
sides feebly dilated to about the middle; with dense and
rather coarse punctures, subseriately arranged, but suddenly
becoming much smaller and sparser beyond the middle. Sterna
with punctures somewhat smaller but otherwise as on base of
elytra. Legs long; four hind femora subpedunculate; hind
tibiae with a small acute tooth on the inner side about the
middle; basal joint of hind tarsi lightly curved, almost as
long as the rest combined. Length (¢, 9), 34-3? mm.

Q. Differs in having somewhat shorter legs and simple
hind tibiae. :

Hab.—South Australia: Birkett’s Woolshed, Petermorra
Spring (Museum Expedition), Oodnadatta, Leigh Creek °
(Blackburn’s collection), Murray River (H. S. Cope),
Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H. Wright); Queensland:
Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle), Winton (A. M. Lea); Western
Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown), Geraldton (Lea); North-
western Australia: Derby (W. D. Dodd). Type, I. 7961.

In some respects close to wollastonz, but narrower, elytra
with coarser and sparser punctures on basal half, suddenly
becoming much smaller and sparser (practically absent) on an
obscurely defined post-median fascia (this fascia is rather
wide and complete, and on some specimens almost black, but
it is not at all sharply defined on its front edge, the tips
beyond it, however, are much paler—on some specimens
almost flavous; on wollastoni the punctures evenly decrease in
size posteriorly, and the markings are different; on the median
fascia of rectzfasciatus, confertus, and gawleri, the punctures
are also sharply defined. On some specimens the hind femora
are infuscated; on many females no part of the abdomen is
blackish. .

ANTHICUS XEROPHILUS, N. sp.

Reddish-flavous, legs paler, abdomen infuscated or black
towards the apex; elytra with two transverse spots almost

581

meeting on suture, and the tips black or blackish, clothed
with extremely short, pale, depressed pubescence.

Head moderately wide and lightly convex; with small
scattered punctures; base feebly bilobed above neck. Eyes
rather large and prominent. Antennae rather long and thin,
passing middle coxae. /Prothoraz rather flat, slightly
longer than the greatest width, which is near apex and
about once and one-half the width of base, sides constricted
near base, a narrow transverse impression at base; with dense
and small punctures. Llytra about twice the width of base
of prothorax, sides feebly dilated to middle; with crowded
and small but sharply defined punctures, gradually
becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs long and thin; basal
joint of hind tarsi almost as long as the rest combined.
Length, 21-2? mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion); Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle); Western
Australia: Geraldton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 7962.

In general appearance very close to paululus, but with
much denser and quite sharply defined (although small)
elytral punctures; monilis, to which also it looks very close,
is rather more convex, with slightly larger and sparser
punctures, and less prominent eyes; there are also several
closely allied but at present undescribed species. The median
spots on the elytra are rather wide near the sides (which they
do not touch) and are narrowed and diluted towards the
suture (across which they never seem to meet); the derm
between the median and apical spots is sometimes quite as
pale as the legs ; on some specimens there is a slight infuscation
about the scutellum.

ANTHICUS AUSTRALIS, King, var.

Some specimens from Oodnadatta, Leigh Creek, Murray
River, and Grange, appear to belong to this species, but differ
from the typical form in having the pale elytral fasciae much
larger; on the normal form of australis the pale post-median
fascia 1s considerably shorter than the black median portion
(at most one-third the length), and is about half the length
of the black apical portion; but on eight specimens of this
variety the pale postmedian fascia near the suture is fully as
long (on some specimens it is decidedly longer) as the black
median portion and distinctly longer than the black apical
portion ; the pale subbasal fascia is also much larger than on
the typical form; the head on most of these specimens has a
narrow (but distinct) shining median line, that is absent from
the typical form.

582

ANTHICUS POSTICALIS, Lea.

Three specimens from Oodnadatta differ from the types
of this species in having the prothorax of a rather bright
red, and the head not much darker.

A. FLORALIS, Payk., Ooldea.

A. INGLORIUS, Lea, Strzelecki Creek.

A. KREUSLERI, King, Oodnadatta.

A. MASTERSI, King, Leigh Creek.

A. MELANCHOLICUS, Lea, Hergott, Leigh Creek, Lake

Callabonna, Port Augusta.

A. moniLis, King, Oodnadatta, Ooldea.

A. MyrTEUS, King, Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.

A. unirascratus, King, Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.

A. woLuasTont, King, Birkett’s Woolshed, Farina, Her-

gott, Mount Painter, Oodnadatta, Trinity.

FORMICOMUS QUADRIMACULATUS, King, Parachilna.

MECYNOTARSUS AMABILIS, Lea, Mount Painter. /

RHIPIDOPHORIDAE.

EMENADIA NIGROAPICALIS, Lea.
E. NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Gerst.

Specimens of these remarkable insects were obtained on
the remarkable flower Dicrastylis Beveridgei (5),

CURCULIONIDAE.
MYLLOCERUS MULTIMACULATUS, Lea.

Three specimens (probably females) from Strzelecki Creek
appear to belong to this species, but differ from the types in
having the elytral spots less conspicuous and antennae and
legs thinner than those of the female, and conspicuously
thinner than those of the male.

MYLLOCERUS SQUAMICORNIS, Lea.

A specimen from Ooldea appears to belong to this species
but differs from the type in having the head rather more
convex in front of the eyes, and the elytra with numerous
small infuscated spots. .

MYLLOCERUS TATEI, Blackb.
Beaten in abundance from Dodonaea viscosa near Ooldea.

MYLLOCERUS RUGICOLLIS, Lea.
On the male of this species the femora are unusually stout
and strongly dentate, and the front trochanters are each
armed with a small spine.

(25) Name received from Mr. Black.

583

MYLLOcERUS DARWINI, Blackb.

Three specimens from the Daly River (Northern Terri-
tory) are structurally so close to darwini that I cannot regard
them as representing more than a variety of that species, but
their legs and antennae are almost entirely red.

Another specimen from the Daly River apparently
represents another variety ; it has the appendages partly dark,
but the scales entirely white or whitish.

MYLLOCERUS QUADRICOLOR, n. sp.

Black, appendages reddish. Densely clothed with bright
green scales, but becoming almost white on appendages; a row
of depressed pale setae on each elytral interstice.

Head flat between eyes, with a narrow median fovea.
Hyes strongly convex. Rostrum slightly wider than long,
carinae normally concealed. Antennae rather long and thin,
first joint of funicle no longer than second. Prothoraz
moderately transverse, sides increasing in width to extreme
base, convex along middle but widely depressed towards each
side of middle; punctures normally concealed. Hlytra
conspicuously wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel to
beyond the middle; with rows of rather large punctures,
appearing much smaller and suboblong through clothing.
Femora lightly but acutely dentate. Length, 4-4} mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (G. F. Hill and
W. K. Hunt). Type, I. 4090.

A small species belonging to B of the 1914 table of the
genus, and there associated with Jongus,; from which it differs
in size, shape, antennae, impressions of prothorax, etc. It
looks very out of place amongst the species of B, but the
base of the prothorax is conspicuously wider than the apex.
The scales on the elytra of the type are uniformly green, but
on a second specimen there are a few feebly infuscated spots ;
on the second specimen also the impressions on the pronotum
are deeper, so that it appears to be rather conspicuously
bifoveate.

MYLLOCERUS VIRIDIMICANS, N. sp.

Black; appendages reddish. Densely clothed with bright
green scales, becoming almost white on antennae and parts of
legs ; a single row of very inconspicuous setae on each elytral
interstice.

Head feebly convex and with a small interocular fovea.
Eyes subelliptic and moderately convex. Rostrum moderately
long, median and sublateral carinae traceable through
clothing. Antennae thin and rather long; scape narrowly
grooved along under-surface; first joint of funicle distinctly

584

longer than second. Prothorax moderately transverse,
sides gently but distinctly increasing in width to base,
apex gently incurved to middle; punctures normally
concealed. Llytra much wider than prothorax, feebly
increasing in width to beyond the middle; striation
distinct, seriate punctures moderately large but appear-

ing very small and narrow through clothing, punctures
on interstices normally quite concealed. /emora_ scarcely

visibly dentate. Length, 5 mm.

Habh.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), LI.
7600.

In the 1914 table of the genus would be associated with
taylori, from which it differs in being smaller, prothorax
decidedly longer and at base conspicuously much narrower
than base of elytra, head longer, eyes less prominent, etc.
The scales of the type have the beautiful bright-green colour
of fresh specimens of fate:, but that species belongs to a
different section of the genus. The elytral setae are incon-
spicuous, even from the sides.

MYLLOCERUS OBLIQUIFASCIATUS, Nn. sp.

Black; appendages obscurely reddish. Densely clothed
with white or whitish scales, more or less variegated on the
head and prothorax, the elytra with two conspicuous oblique
dark fasciae; head and prothorax with fairly numerous
depressed setae, but on the elytra becoming very distinct and
suberect (although not very long).

Head gently convex between eyes; with a narrow inter-
ocular fovea. Eyes subovate, not very prominent. Rostrum
subcylindrical, shghtly longer than wide, sublateral carinae
distinctly traceable through clothing, the median one
concealed. Antennae long but not very thin, first joint of
funicle much longer than second. Prothorar moderately
transverse, sides gently rounded, base and apex equal;
punctures concealed. Hilytra much wider than _ prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex; striation distinct but punctures in
striae normally almost concealed. Femora scarcely visibly
dentate. Length, 43-7 mm.

. Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell (H. W. -Brown).
Type, 1. 7603,

A very distinct species, with a curious subcylindrical
rostrum. The elytral setae are suberect and conspicuous, but
not long enough for the species to be referred to C, in the
1914 table; in which it would be referred to F, K, from all
the species of which it is strikingly distinct. On some specimens
the appendages are distinctly reddish, but on all the others
they are almost as dark as the body parts. The majority of

585

the scales on some specimens are almost of a snowy whiteness
(on parts of the under-surface sometimes with a vague golden
gloss), but usually have a slightly rusty appearance, on the
prothorax they are sometimes of a slaty-grey, with paler
scales along the middle and sides; the elytra have two very
conspicuous dark oblique fasciae (almost V-shaped), one
commencing about the middle of the base on each side and .
ending on the suture before the middle, the other beginning
near the sides beyond the middle and ending very close to
the suture near the apex; the fasciae are sometimes broken up
into disconnected spots, but the V-shaped patterns appear to
be always distinct. The male differs from the female in being
smaller, markings usually more sharply defined, appendages
longer, antennae somewhat thicker and abdomen much less
convex.
MYLLOCERUS VILLOSIPENNIS, Nn. sp.

Black; appendages more or less obscurely diluted with
red. Densely clothed with whitish scales, on the prothorax
and elytra conspicuously variegated with infuscate markings;
elytra with numerous long, more or less erect, dark hairs,
except towards base.

Head flat between eyes; inter-ocular fovea almost con-
cealed. Eyes not very prominent. Rostrum rather short,
sublateral carinae traceable through clothing, antennary pits
close together. Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle
disinctly longer than second. Prothorax not much longer
than wide, sides moderately rounded, base and apex subequal ;
setiferous punctures traceable through clothing. L/lytra much
wider than prothorax, sides feebly dilated to beyond the
middle; striae distinct, but seriate punctures appearing small
through clothing. /Femora dentate. Length, 43-5 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7602.

The long hairs cause this species to be referable to C
of the 1914 table; some of the scales have a vague bluish
tinge, but disregarding these the species would be associated
with suturals, from which it differs in being larger, long
clothing of elytra more in the nature of straggling hairs than
stiff setae, and in many other particulars. The scales on the
under-surface in some lights have a slight golden gloss; the
darker scales on the upper-surface form three infuscate vittae
on the pronotum: (the paler portions there have a spotted
appearance, owing to numerous setiferous punctures: these
are also on the darker parts, but are not so conspicuous), and
numerous spots (frequently conjoined) on the elytra. The
male differs from the female in being smaller, appendages
slightly longer, abdomen less convex, elytra less dilated
posteriorly, and with more numerous hairs.

586

MYLLOCERUS ZOPHERUS, nN. sp.

Black ; appendages and abdomen more or less obscurely
diluted with red. Densely clothed with sooty and whitish
scales; prothorax with numerous stout but depressed setae,
each elytral interstice with a rather inconspicuous row of setae.

Head somewhat flattened between eyes, inter-ocular fovea
rather narrow. Eyes not very convex but with coarser facets
than usual. Rostrum about as long as the basal width; median
carina distinct in front, the others not traceable through
clothing. Antennae moderately long and thin; first joint of
funicle conspicuously longer than second. Prothorax
moderately transverse, sides lightly rounded, base and apex
subequal. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided
to near apex; striation distinct but seriate punctures appear-
ing small through clothing. Femora very feebly dentate.
Length, 43 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Port Augusta. Type (unique),
I. 7604.

In general appearance close to some forms of varius, but
prothorax trivittate, and eyes with coarser facets. In the
1914 table it would be associated with multimaculatus, and
in general appearance it resembles that species, but the
prothorax is shorter, the eyes are larger and more convex,
and the scape is decidedly thinner. On the upper-surface the
dark scales are more numerous than the pale ones, on the head
and elytra they are irregularly intermingled, the paler ones
forming small irregular spots or scattered singly, but on the
prothorax the paler ones form four and the darker ones three
feebly defined vittae; on the abdomen the scales are almost
wholly white, but on the rest of the under-surface and on the
appendages the two colours are more or less intermingled.

MYLLOCERUS ASHI, N. sp.

Black; the appendages in places very obscurely diluted
with red. Densely clothed with greyish-white scales, more or
less conspicuously mottled with darker ones; on the under-
surface usually white but with a bluish, or greenish, or golden
gloss; upper-surface with numerous distinct but more or less
depressed setae, more or less irregularly seriate on the elytra.

Head gently convex between eyes, inter-ocular fovea
small. Eyes moderately large and prominent. Rostrum about
as long as the basal width, median and sublateral carinae
usually traceable through clothing, distance between antennary
pits about half of that between eyes. Antennae long and not
very thin; first joint of funicle distinctly longer than second.
Prothorax rather strongly transverse, sides feebly rounded,
base slightly wider than apex; punctures normally concealed,

587

but the setiferous ones traceable. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, ‘parallel-sided to near apex; striation distinct,
seriate punctures moderately large, but appearing small
through clothing. Femora lightly dentate. Length, 5-7 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7601.

Twenty-three specimens (including several pairs taken
an cop.) are before me, and they appear to belong to but one
species, but some specimens have three vaguely infuscated
lines on the pronotum, and others are slightly transversely
depressed near base and apex, so that (by the 1914 table), the
various specimens might be widely separated. The specimens
that might be referred to E, of that table, and there associated
with multimaculatus, differ from it in being consistently
larger, pronotum much wider, head considerably larger and
scape much longer and thinner. Those that might be referred
to F, 2, differ from rugicollis as they differ from multimacu-
latus; from melvillensis they differ in rnany respects. Those
that might be referred to F, m, differ from nasutws in having
the eye not quite so long and rather less convex (the distance
between the front of an eye and the antennary pit is about
once and one-third the length of an eye, in nasutus it is about
twice the length of an eye). On the elytra the two colours
(of scales) are sometimes very feebly contrasted, the paler
scales being in the majority; but on some males the darker
scales are in the majority and sharply contrasted; on the
pronotum there are usually three vaguely infuscated lines.
The secondary sexual differences are slight.

MYLLOCERUS ANGUSTIPENNIS, 0. sp.

Piceous-brown; appendages obscurely diluted with red.
Densely clothed with obscurely variegated brownish scales,
becoming whitish on sides and under-surface; a row of incon-
spicuous setae on each elytral interstice.

Head moderately convex between eyes, these moderately
large but not very prominent. Rostrum distinctly narrowed
from base to near apex, median and sublateral carinae narrow
and distinct. Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle
much longer than second. Prothorax strongly transverse,
sides moderately rounded, base not much wider than apex;
punctures normally concealed. Scutellum strongly transverse.
Hlytra at base scarcely (if at all) wider than base of prothorax,
sides feebly dilated to about the middle, and then strongly
narrowed to apex; seriate punctures of moderate size, but
distinct through clothing, their containing striae very feebly
impressed. Femora feebly dentate. Length, 44 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (H. Wesselmann).
Type (unique), I. 7609.

588

A curious species, structurally close to subapterus, but
scales not green, elytral setae much less conspicuous (indistinct
even from the sides), legs and antennae darker, and prothorax
with less rounded sides. On the pronotum three vaguely
infuscated lines of scales may be traced in some lights.

MYLLOCERUS ABERRANS, RN. sp.

Reddish-brown; appendages somewhat paler. Densely
clothed with very pale-brown, almost fawn-coloured scales,
becoming whitish on under-surface; with dense, conspicuous,
subdepressed, almost golden setae; some conspicuous vibrissae
at the position of ocular lobes.

Head convex at base but flat between eyes; inter-ocular
fovea small. Eyes large and subovate, but not very prominent.
Rostrum about as long as the basal width, sides feebly
decreasing in width to near apex, median carina distinct in
front, the sublateral ones scarcely traceable through clothing.
Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle distinctly
longer than second. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides
gently rounded, base not much wider than apex, the latter
very gently incurved to middle; punctures normally concealed.
Hlytra much wider than prothorax, sides feebly dilated to
beyond the middle; striation distinct, seriate punctures ap-
pearing small through clothing. “emora edentate. Length,
6 mm.

Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River (H. Wessel-
mann). Type (unique), I. 7605.

The prothorax is perceptibly wider at the base than
at the apex, but not much so, so that the species should
preferably be referred to BB rather than to B of the 1914
table. Regarding it as such it would be associated with the
species of F, w, from all of which it may be distinguished by
the prothoracic vibrissae. The front margin of the prothorax
is without ocular lobes, but at their position (of other sub-
families) there is on each side some conspicuous (almost
golden) vibrissae. The setae of the upper-surface are unusually
dense, but are not conspicuously erect or suberect; on the
elytra they form two or three irregular rows on each inter-
stice. The lower edge of each eye almost touches a glabrous
space on the under-surface of the rostrum.

TiITINIA BICOLOR, Blackb., Parachilna.

T. 1GNaRIA, Pasc., Ooldea, Parachilna.
HOMOEOTRACHELUS AUSTRALASIAE, Faust., Orroroo.
PROSAYLEUS comosus, Germ., Wookalla.

P. ROSTRALIS, Blackb., Ooldea.

CaTASARCUS ARMATUS, Blackb., Ooldea.

C. STIGMATIPENNIS, Boi., Clayton Creek, Kopperamanna.

589

POLYPHRADES RAUI, 0. sp.

Black; densely clothed with snowy-white scales closely
applied to derm; with sparse thin setae on elytra, but more
numerous elsewhere.

Head wide; eyes scarcely interrupting the general con-
vexity. Rostrum short, distinctly narrowed from base to apex,
apical triangle glabrous and with small distinct punctures, a
short carina behind it. Antennae short, five apical joints of
funicle transverse. Prothorax widely transverse, evenly
convex, sides gently rounded. Hlytra subcordate, much wider
than prothorax, widest at about basal third; with rows of
large but almost concealed punctures. Legs moderately stout ;
front tibiae moderately, the others lightly, denticulate; claw
joint of tarsi almost as long as the others combined. Length,
6 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Carraweena. Type (unique), I.
7960.

The claw joint is unusually long and the claws are more
widely separated than is usual in Polyphrades, but they are
soldered together for about half their length; the species is a
rather aberrant one, and in some respects appears to approach
Onesorus. The type has not been abraded, but the elytra
appear to be uniformly convex with no striae, the seriate
punctures being isolated in the rows. To the naked eye the
insect appears pure white, except where a slight amount of
abrasion has revealed the black derm, but under a lens the
scales along the middle of the pronotum and about the elytral
suture appear somewhat slaty-grey.

P. Fortis, Blackb., Ooldea.
P. SATELLES, Blackb., Cooper Creek.

LEPToPS FUMATUS, Lea.

Two specimens from Cooper Creek differ from the types in
being somewhat smaller, and with conspicuously paler scales ;
one of them has the tubercles more acute than on the type,
but on the other they are less acute.

LEPTOPS GLOBICOLLIS, Lea.

Four specimens from Carraweena appear to represent
another variety of this species; they differ from the types in
being smaller, with the scales considerably paler (almost
white) and with the rostrum and tibiae not quite so stout.

. CACOZELUS, Lea, Ooldea.

. CONTRARIUS, Blackb., Ooldea.

. DUPONTI, Bol., var. INTERIORIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
. GRAVIS, Blackb., Leigh and Strzelecki Creeks.

el = aul a

590

ONESORUS ALBATUS, Lea.

Numerous specimens were taken, usually walking on the
sandhills; they vary in length from 8 to 12 mm., and most of
them have the clothing irregularly distributed, as on the type,
but on one specimen it is almost uniform on the elytra.
Clayton and Cooper Creeks, Kopperamanna, Lakes Crossing,
Strzelecki Creek, Trinity.

ESSOLITHNA JONESI, Nn. sp.

¢. Black; densely clothed with mouse-coloured scales,
becoming paler on sides and white or whitish on under-surface,
upper-surface with numerous white scales scattered singly,
and on the elytra often condensed into loose spots ; muzzle with
a few golden-green or green scales; elytra with numerous stiff
erect setae on and near the shoulders, on the fourth to sixth
interstices.

Head large, with dense concealed punctures. Rostrum
short, sides oblique. Antennae short and stout; first joint of
funicle about as long as second and third combined, third-
seventh transverse. Prothorax about once and one-half as
wide as long, sides moderately rounded; with small dense
punctiferous granules, normally quite concealed. Hlytra sub-
cordate, widest across basal third, but at base no wider than
base of prothorax ; with rows of rather large, round punctures,
but appearing small and narrow through clothing. Legs short
and stout ; femora each conspicuously notched on upper-surface
near apex. Length (d, @), 4-5 mm.

Q. Differs in being wider, abdomen more convex, and
femora each very feebly incurved on upper surface near apex.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7611.

An unusually distinct species, in general appearance
somewhat like cordipennis, but the head and femora of the
male very different; the single claw to each tarsus readily
distinguishes it from Polyphrades, to which genus, at first
glance, it appears to belong. The conspicuous notch on the
upper-surface of each of the femora of the male is a remark-
able character; on the female these notches are scarcely
indicated ; the disposition of the elytral setae is also unusual.
On fresh specimens the upper-surface has a conspicuously
speckled appearance, owing to the numerous white scales
scattered about, but on less well-preserved specimens these are
less noticeable, and the surface appears of a uniform dingy-
grey. Mr. Jones obtained numerous specimens on young
mallee shoots in April and May, and we took one in January.

E. seriatTa, Blackb., Ooldea.

E. squatipa, Blackb., Farina.

ACHERRES GRANULATUS, Ferg., Ooldea.

591

TALAURINUS MACULIPENNIS, Lea.

Numerous specimens were obtained at Ooldea from under
spinifex, or wandering about at night.

T. PILULARIUS, Macl., Ooldea.
T. REGULARIS, SI., Ooldea.

OXYOPS ALPHABETICA, 0D. Sp.

Black; parts of antennae obscurely diluted wtih red.
Densely but irregularly clothed with whitish scales and stout
setae. |

Head with coarse, partially concealed punctures, with a
narrow deep impression in middle. Rostrum stout, about as
long as head across eyes; in front with small exposed punc-
tures, elsewhere with punctures as on head. Antennae stout;
third joint of funicle slightly shorter than second, and slightly
longer than first. Prothorax about as long as basal width,
base much wider than apex, disc widely irregularly flattened ;
with coarse punctures. Hlytra much wider than prothorax,
each side with a vague swelling behind the shoulder; with
rows of large oblong punctures, third interstice with an
elongated tubercle near base, and another at summit of apical
slope. Intercoxal process of mesosternum subacutely produced.
Length, 7-9 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type, I. 7958.

Not very close to any other species known to me, but
perhaps closer to vitiosa than to any other; it differs from
that species in the elytral markings, and by the third inter-
stice on each elytron having but two tubercles. The clothing
varies from stout setae to wide scales, and is more uniform on
the under-surface than on the upper; the tip of the rostrum
is glabrous, each side of the prothorax is almost glabrous,
and there is a vague oblique line near each side; on the
elytra there are sinuous glabrous markings: that on the right
elytron is shaped like an irregular S (reversed on the left) ; on
the left it is sometimes shaped like an interrogation mark
(?, reversed on the right), the marks extend from below the
shoulders almost to the apex (near the suture), and along their
courses the whole extent of the punctures is exposed ; elsewhere
the apparent size of the punctures is greatly reduced. Speci-
mens in perfect condition have an ochreous meal over most of
the surface, but on immersion in alcohol this is removed,
and generally the markings are rendered more obscure.

592

OXYOPS VACILLANS, Nn. sp.

Black; in parts obscurely reddish. Clothed with white
setae or scales, denser along middle from apex of prothorax
to apex of elytra, and on under-surface than elsewhere.

Head coarsely punctured, with a deep impression in
middle, strongly constricted behind eyes (these very
prominent). Rostrum short, about as long as wide, apex
depressed and with small dense exposed punctures; elsewhere
with punctures partially concealed. Antennae rather stout;
second joint of funicle almost twice as long as first or third.
Prothorax evenly convex, about as long as basal width, sides
gently decreasing in width to apex; densely granulate-
punctate. LHlytra much wider than prothorax; with rows of
large punctures, each of which has a stout scale; interstices
with numerous small granules, third with an elongated
elevation near base, another on each shoulder, and a smaller
one between. Legs short and stout. Length, 74-83 mm.

Hab.—South Australia (Blackburn’s collection), Ooldea.
Type, F. 7909:

At first glance this species appears quite an ordinary
Gompterus, nearer perhaps to citraphagus than to any other;
but the sexes vary; on one sex (probably the male) there is a
conspicuous post-humeral tubercle on each elytron, at the
usual position in Gonipterus; but on the other sex there is no
tubercle there, and but a vaguely indicated swelling (less
pronounced than on many species of Oxyops), and as the
intercoxal process of the mesosternum is subacutely produced
in both sexes the species has been referred to Oxyops rather
than to Gonipterus. On one specimen the antennae and tarsi
are the only parts that are reddish, but on a specimen taken
(in cop.) with it, the only parts that are black are parts of
the head, and the subbasal elevations of the elytra; five other
specimens are intermediate. The tip of the rostrum is glabrous,
the clothing on the pronotum forms a distinct median line,
is very dense on the scutellum, and has a spotted appearance
on the suture; the individual scales are larger on parts of the
legs and the sides of the sterna than elsewhere. Some speci-
mens on capture are almost covered with an ochreous or
muddy-looking meal, but this disappears in alcohol.

OxYOPS CRASSIROSTRIS, Pasc.

Two specimens from Ooldea are in perfect condition, and
at first glance appear very different to a co-type of this species.
They are thickly coated on the upper-surface with brickdust-
like meal, but this does not conceal a conspicuous patch of
whitish scales along the middle of the pronotum, the patch

593

continued on to the base of the elytra and scutellum, where
it is subquadrate in shape, the apical slope of the elytra has a
large patch of similar scales, and there are a few spots
scattered about; other specimens from Wirha and Coolgardie
have the dust-like meal less distinct or almost absent and the
white (on some specimens of a rather pale ochreous) patches
much less distinct, but they all agree in having the shoulders
rather prominent and multi-granulate.

- ©. FascrtatTa, Boi., Oodnadatta, Ooldea.
O. GEMELLA, Pasc., Ooldea.
O. opscuraA, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Oodnadatta.
O. soror, Lea, Oodnadatta, Strzelecki Creek.
BRYACHUS SQUAMICOLLIS, Pasc., Ooldea.
PANTOREITES ARCTATUS, Pasc., Frome Well.
SYARBIS GOUDIEI, Lea, Ooldea.
RHINARIA TRAGOCEPHALA, Lea, Ooldea.
APARETE PALPEBROSA, Pasc., Kingunyah.
ETHEMAIA SELLATA, Pasc., Ooldea, Wookalla.
OPHRYOTA RAPAX, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
LixUs MASTERSI, Pasc., Ooldea.
ORTHORRHINUS CYLINDRIROSTRIS, Fab., Parachilna.

EPAMAEBUS ZICZAC, Lea.

Numerous specimens were taken at Ooldea with the
elytral markings varying from sharply defined to scarcely
traceable (as on some specimens from Forest Reefs previously
commented upon).

NIPHOBOLUS DECEPTOR, Blackb., Farina, Strzelecki Creek.

SToREUS MUNDUS, Blackb., Parachilna.

SYMBOTHINUS SQUALIDUS, Blackb., Ooldea.

XEDA FASCIATA, Lea, Birkett’s Woolshed.

MISOPHRICE ARIDA, 0. Sp.

Black; clothed with large, soft, white scales.

Head with punctures normally concealed. Rostrum
moderately long, thin, and lightly curved; with series of fine
punctures, basal third partially concealed in male, less in
female. Prothorax lightly transverse, sides rather strongly
rounded. Llytra considerably wider than prothorax, parallel-
sided to near apex; with regular rows of large, but partially
concealed punctures. Legs moderately long. Length, 1-1}
mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7629.

A minute black species, allied to parallela and soror, but
even smaller than those species, and distinct by the arrange-
ment of the elytral scales, these are notably stouter, and so

594

placed that the odd interstices appear to be uniformly clothed
throughout their length, whilst on the even ones the scales
are so disposed that there is a glabrous space between each,
giving them a checkered appearance (6). On some specimens
the front femora appear to be obscurely diluted with red.
Only seven specimens were obtained, although branches of
Casuarina, sp., were frequently beaten over the umbrella.
M. pusra, Lea, Ooldea.

EPACTICUS WHITEI, 0. sp.

Reddish-castaneous; head, rostrum, prothorax, under-
surface, funicle, and club somewhat darker. Moderately
densely clothed with stout, white, depressed setae or scales,
mixed with more rounded ones at sides of prothorax and on
metasternum; elytra in addition with conspicuous, suberect
setae, forming a single row on each interstice.

Rostrum about the length of prothorax, feebly curved ;
striate-punctate, punctures glabrous on apical half, each
with a white scale on basal half. Antennae thin, inserted
slightly closer to apex than to base of rostrum; first joint
of funicle long; club rather short. Prothorax about as long
as wide, sides gently rounded, base very little wider than apex ;
with dense and (on removal of clothing) sharply defined
punctures. lytra rather narrow, distinctly wider than
prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; with regular rows of
large, partially concealed punctures. Length, 24-2? mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Frome Well, Leigh Creek.
Type, I. 7606.

It is with some doubt that this species is referred to
Epacticus, as the club is not very elongate (it is, however,
not much shorter than in ruber, the type of the genus) and
the rostrum is almost straight. In all other respects it agrees
with the position assigned to the genus in Blackburn’s table
of the subfamily 2” and with the original diagnosis (28); the
scales are not as coarse as on ruber, but more as on the species
commented upon as being probably nzgrirostris; from which
it differs in the straighter rostrum and elytra with a con-
spicuous row of semi-upright setae on each interstice. The
side pieces of the mesosternum and of the metasternum are
so densely covered with scales that the derm is entirely
concealed, but where the derm of the under-surface is not
concealed it appears to be almost black; on the elytra the

(26) This appearance, however, is affected by a slight amount
of abrasion.

(27) Ante, 1894, p. 149.
(28) Z.c., 1893, p. 305.

595

scales are somewhat denser on the suture and at the position
of the subapical callosities (of other genera) than elsewhere,
but not very conspicuously so.

A specimen from Western Australia: Swan River (A. M.
Lea), possibly belongs to this species, but has the tarsi darker,
head and rostrum almost black, and elytra somewhat deeper
(as viewed from the sides); its elytral margins are narrowly
stained with black, but those of the type are also narrowly
infuscated.

EPACTICUS OCCIDENTALIS, N. sp.

d. Light-castaneous, some parts darker. Densely clothed
with stout, depressed, white setae or scales.

Rostrum moderately curved, about the length of pro-
thorax ; striate-punctate, punctures on apical half mostly
_ glabrous, on basal.half each with a scale. Antennae thin,
inserted nearer apex than base of rostrum, club moderately
long. Prothorax feebly transverse, sides gently rounded, base
slightly wider than apex; punctures normally concealed.
Elytra distinctly wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel
to near apex; with regular rows of fairly large, but more or
less concealed, punctures. Length (¢d, 92), 14-2 mm.

Q. Differs in having the rostrum considerably longer and
thinner, its punctures smaller and mostly glabrous, antennae
inserted slightly nearer base than apex of rostrum, and
abdomen more convex.

Hab.—Western Australia: Geraldton (A. M. Lea).
Mape, IT. 7613.

In general appearance fairly close to nigrirostris, but
slightly smaller, elytra somewhat wider, and rostrum not
black. The head and sterna are darker than elsewhere, parts
of the sterna on some specimens being almost black, parts of
the tarsi are infuscated, but the femora and tibiae are usually
shightly paler than the elytra; the funicle and club are darker
than the scape. The elytra on some specimens are almost
uniformly clothed, but on many have a slightly mottled
appearance, owing to the partial absence or slight variegation
of the scales (somewhat as on some specimens of nzgrirostris) ;
in addition to the stout setae or scales, there are some thinner
ones, but these are moderately distinct only from the sides.

EPACTICUS BIMACULATUS, Ni. sp.
gd. Castaneous; some parts infuscated or black. Densely
clothed with large, soft, white scales, closely applied to derm,
but elytra with two glabrous, or almost glabrous, spots.
Rostrum rather lightly curved, slightly longer than pro-
thorax; apical half shining and with rows of distinct
punctures, basal half with larger punctures but more or less

596

concealed by scales. Antennae thin, inserted slightly nearer
apex than base of rostrum; club moderately long. Prothoraz
about as long as wide, sides moderately rounded, base slightly
wider than apex; with dense but normally concealed punc-
tures. Hlytra rather narrow, much wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex; with rows of rather large, but
more or less concealed punctures. Length (dé, 92), 2-21 mm.

Q. Differs in having the rostrum considerably longer and
thinner, its clothing not continued beyond the basai third,
antennae inserted slightly nearer the base than apex of
rostrum, and abdomen more convex.

Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt,
his No. 742), Coorong (S. A. White), Port Lincoln; Western
Australia: Geraldton CAT Mo Geay elypen L.. 1607.

Rather close to ruber, but elytra conspicuously bimaculate
and tarsi black; the two conspicuous spots on the elytra are
due to the partial or complete absence of scales; they are
about two-fifths from the apex and close to the suture. The
head, rostrum (part of this is usually diluted with red),
prothorax (parts of the sides are usually diluted with red),
scutellum, and most of the upper-surface and of the antennae
and tarsi are black; the suture and margins of elytra are
usually somewhat infuscated. On specimens in perfect con-
dition each of the seriate punctures on the elytra appears to
be partially filled by a stout seta or scale, but there are no
true setae on the interstices, the clothing there consisting
entirely of soft scales.

EPACTICUS NIGRIROSTRIS, Blackb.

The type of this species was unique in the Blackburn
collection, and is now in the British Museum. There are,
however, numerous specimens before me from Port Lincoln,
Lucindale, and Kangaroo Island that agree with the brief
description, and probably belong to the species.

The species is somewhat variable in its scales; on the
elytra they are frequently whitish, but are sometimes mixed
with somewhat darker ones, these occasionally having a
maculate or vaguely fasciate appearance. The rostrum whilst
usually black, is occasionally diluted with red at the tip; it is
distinctly shorter and less curved on the male than on the
female.

TYCHIUS MINUTISSIMUS, Boh.

Fourteen specimens from Ooldea probably belong to this
species, they are structurally (sex for sex) identical with the
specimens previously (2°) recorded as belonging to the species

(29) Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, 1910, p. 105.

597

from Sydney, but they vary considerably in the colour of the
rostrum and legs. On the males the legs and rostrum (except
for their clothing) are entirely black, and the antennae are
black except that the funicle is obscurely reddish; on some
females the legs, antennae (except club), and apical half’or
more of the rostrum are flavous (although not so bright as on
the Sydney specimens) but on others these parts are very
obscure, although (except for the hind femora) scarcely
black.

BELUS SEMIPUNCTATUS, Fab., var. POVERUS, n. var.

Numerous specimens (twenty-four) from Goolwa and
Mudd Island, are structurally so close to semipunctatus that
I cannot regard them as representing more than a variety,
they differ from the typical form in being considerably paler
(castaneous-brown, some parts infuscated) and not at all
metallic; elytra clothed only along suture (on a few specimens,
however, the medio-discal row of spots on each elytron is
vaguely indicated), but in particular by the discal carinae; on
the typical form the carina on each elytron commences as an
oblique, impunctate, slightly elevated line, almost level with
the front edge of the metasternum, but on this variety it
commences just beyond the metasternum, the space before it
being covered with normal punctures; the post-scutellar
depression is also smaller and shallower.

BELUS ANGUINEUS, Pasc.
B. ventralis, Blackb.

The type of ventralis is a female of the species identified
by both the late Rev. T. Blackburn and myself as anguineus.
The species occurs in Western Australia and Queensland, as
well as in South Australia (Quorn, Leigh Creek, and Oodna-
datta).

BELUS BISON, Blackb.

This species was tabulated by both Blackburn and myself
as having the front femora edentate; this is usually the case,
but on a few specimens now before me the front femora are
feebly but distinctly dentate; it was also noted by myself as
having the ‘‘suture not suddenly and strongly raised at base,’’
but the specimens upon which I so noted the species (a very
similar one was taken at Ooldea), although belonging to
bison, are not typical of that species, which usually has the
suture strongly raised there. Ooldea, Orroroo, Parachilna.

BELUS TIBIALIS, Blackb.

This remarkable species appears to be fairly common at
Lucindale ; on the majority of specimens the elytra are almost

598

as densely clothed on the suture as on the median line of the
pronotum, the rostrum is usually black and highly polished,
but is occasionally dull red.

BELUS ANGUSTULUS, Germ.

I had previously identified (and tabulated as such) a
species from Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria
that appeared (and still appears) to agree well with the
description of angustulus, but I have seen no South Australian
specimens of it (many of the species of Belus are very widely
distributed). But Blackburn identified quite another species
as angustulus, and as all the specimens before me of this
species are from South Australia, the probability is that his
is the correct identification. This species (although narrower)
has elytra produced much as on phoencopterus, and each
metasternal episternum with a narrow glabrous space at the side
(sometimes quite concealed by the eltyra) ; on the specimens I
had identified as angustulus (and which I now consider may
represent a variety of zmconstans) the elytra are much less
acutely produced (somewhat as on anguineus and scalaris) and
each metasternal episternum has a conspicuous rounded
glabrous spot.

BELUS SCALARIS, Germ.

This species varies considerably in size (11-17 mm.), and
although the front femora are usually edentate, they are
occasionally very feebly dentate. Orroroo.

BELUS CRISTATUS, Lea.

This species occurs in Western Australia (Cue) as well
as in South Austraha; in my table © of the genus the species
was distinguished from varzlis by the antennae, but the
character then relied upon was a sexual one. On the male
the basal joint of the antennae is slightly longer than the
third, but distinctly shorter than the second and third com-
bined, the rostrum is shorter (although still rather long),
stouter, and with coarser punctures; on the female the first
joint is distinctly longer than the second and third combined.
The species, however, differs considerably from varipilis in the
clothing, and of the elytral carinae on that species the longer
one on each elytron is continued almost to the base,
obliquely diverging towards it (much as on the typical form
of semepunctatus), but on eristatus it ends about half-way to
the base (being much as noted on the variety poverus of
semvpunctatus). Ooldea.

(30) Ante, 1908, pp. 231-235.

599

BELUS ACACIAE, Lea.

A specimen from Swallow (Central Australia) possibly
represents a variety of acaciae, but differs from the types in
being slightly more robust, prothorax with sides more dilated,
and spots of clothing on elytra more numerous and better
defined.

BELUS VERTEBRALIS, Lea.

A specimen from Charters Towers (Queensland) differs
from the types in being without a nude spot on each meta-
sternal episternum, its whole surface being densely and
uniformly clothed.

é
BELUS PLAGIATUS, Pasc.

On specimens from New South Wales and Southern
Queensland, of this species, the subapical spots of the elytra
are elongated and there are several small spots about the
-middle; but on specimens from Northern Queensland the
subapical spots are almost circular, and the median spots are
wanting.

BELUS vVETUSTUS, Pasc.

A specimen from Ooldea possibly represents a variety of
vetustus, it differs from typical specimens in having the
elytra with fewer setae scattered singly, the pronotum with
the dorsal channel more conspicuously interrupted in middle,
and with looser clothing, the abdomen (except at the sides)
without distinct glabrous spots (these are sometimes but
faintly indicated on otherwise typical specimens), and with
the pubescence in five feebly defined stripes: a median and
two lateral snowy ones, the others stramineous.

ANGUINEUS, Pasc., Ooldea.

FILIFORMIS, Germ., Orroroo.

PHOENICOPTERUS, Germ., Orroroo.

SERPENS, Pasc., Parachilna.

SUTURALIS, Boi., Ooldea, Orroroo, Parachilna.

bs Oo bd be

BELUS INTERRUPTUS, 0. sp.

Dark castaneous-brown, becoming almost black on parts
of head and of legs; antennae and tarsi somewhat paler. In
places densely clothed with more or less stramineous
pubescence. :

Head with coarse vermiculate punctures between eyes,
becoming smaller but still crowded about base. Rostrum long
and lightly curved; with dense and fairly coarse punctures
on basal half, becoming smaller towards, and very fine in
front. Antennae rather long, third joint slightly shorter than
first and fourth and conspicuously longer than second,

600

.
eleventh about once and one-half the length of tenth. Pro-
thorax moderately transverse, basal angles acute, median line
rather narrow; with numerous small well-defined punctures.
Elytra parallel-sided, each rather strongly produced at base,
conjointly lightly produced at apex, with a conspicuous
granulate elevation behind scutellum; densely granulate-
punctate. /emora conspicuously dentate, hind pair extending
to tip of second abdominal segment, basal joint of tarsi as
long as second and third combined. Length, 10 mm. ©).

Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), 1. 7871.
» A well-marked species allied to grayi and punctirostris,
but markings very different (on the pronotum the disc, except
for a conspicuous median line, is almost glabrous). The head
and base of rostrum are rather sparsely clothed, but the eyes
are encircled by pale clothing, and there is a feeble median
line; on the pronotum the median line of clothing is well-
defined (and continued on to the scutellum), and the sides ~
are densely clothed; to the naked eye the elytra appear to
be clothed with four conspicuous but much interrupted stripes,
and there are a few small spots scattered about; on the elytra
also there is some very short dark pubescence, but this is
invisible from most directions; on the under-surface the
clothing is very dense and with a beautiful pinkish and .
greenish iridescence, but with a glabrous spot on each side
of the metasternum, and one on the metasternal episternum,
and a row of irregular glabrous spots on each side of the
abdomen; the legs are moderately clothed. The rostrum is
about as long as the head and prothorax combined. The
front femora are tridentate, two of the teeth being placed
longitudinally.

BELUS MIMICUS, h. sp.

Black; parts of the appendages obscurely diluted with
red. Irregularly clothed with white pubescence.

Head coarsely granulate-punctate between eyes, more
finely towards base. Rostrum lightly but distinctly curved,
about the length of prothorax ; densely and finely transversely
corrugated, and with punctures scattered about, larger and
denser about base than elsewhere. Antennae not very thin,
third joint somewhat shorter than first, scarcely longer than
fourth and twice the length of second, eleventh about once
and one-half the length of tenth. Prothoraz about as long
as basal width, sides feebly decreasing in width from base to
apex (feebly incurved near apex), with a narrow median line;
densely punctate or granulate-punctate. Hlytra parallel-sided

(31) The lengths given are exclusive of the rostrum.

601

to near apex, which is lightly produced, each side of
base obtusely produced, with a conspicuous granulate
elevation behind scutellum; densely punctate, about base
granulate-punctate. Femora rather stout, conspicuously
dentate; hind ones extending to about middle of second
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi distinctly shorter than
the two following ones combined. Length, 11-14 mm.

Hab.—South Australia (Rev. A. P. Burgess), Para-
chilna (Field Naturalists’ Excursion), Mount Lofty (S. H.
Curnow), Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 7874.

In my table of the genus ©) might be placed in E, and
would there be associated with punetirostris, with which Ab
has little in common; if referred to EE, it would be associated
with brunneus, to which it is certainly close, but from which
it differs in being consistently larger, and elytra with spots
not confined to suture. The pubescence (except on the under-
surface) is rather sparse on the head, but encircles the eyes,
the rostrum is glabrous (except that its base is sparsely
clothed), the median line on the pronotum is feeble and
interrupted, but the sides and the scutellum are densely
clothed, on the elytra the spots are numerous and small,
becoming crowded (and sometimes conjoined) close to the
suture, but distinct to the sides and mostly with a feebly
seriate arrangement; on the under-surface the clothing is
mostly dense, but with a nude spot on each side of the meta-
sternum and another on its episternum, abdomen rather
sparsely clothed along middle, and with a row of glabrous
spots towards each side, the legs are moderately clothed. On
some specimens the median line of pale pubescence on the
pronotum is not conspicuous, but this appears to be due to
infiltration of grease; on some specimens also the elytra, and
especially the legs, are not as dark as those of others. There
are two conspicuous teeth on the front femora, and several
smaller ones. A specimen from Parachilna, ~ otherwise quite
normal, has a row of small teeth on each side of the lower
apical half of the rostrum ; on many specimens of brunneus 3)
similar rows may be seen.

BELUS MULTIMACULATUS, Nn. sp.

Black; elytra, legs, and antennae more or less obscurely
reddish. Upper-surface sparsely clothed except for numerous
conspicuous white spots; under-surface densely clothed with
white pubescence, but with numerous glabrous spots.

(32) Ante, 1908, pp. 231-235.

(33) On beans also the clothing is Seciics quite regular
on the suture, but that species is considerably wider ‘than
suturalis, and is otherwise different.

602

Head densely granulate-punctate. Rostrum lightly curved,
slightly longer than prothorax, behind antennae slightly wider
than in front of same; and with rather dense and coarse
punctures becoming much smaller to apex. Antennae not very
thin, third joint slightly shorter than first, the length of
fourth, and about one-third longer than second, eleventh
about twice the length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as
wide, sides gently rounded, median line interrupted in
middle; with numerous granules appearing through clothing.
Elytra thin, very little wider than prothorax, almost parallel-
sided to near apex, which is moderately produced, not elevated
behind scutellum; with rather large close-set punctures,
becoming granulate towards base. Front femora lightly den-
tate, the others edentate, hind ones just passing apex of first
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi somewhat shorter
than the two following combined. Length, 93-10 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Quorn (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, 2. W877:

With very sharply defined elytral spots, approaching
those of some specimens of anguineus, but each of the four
basal segments of abdomen with five conspicuous nude spots ;
the spots are much as on _ parallelus (= serpens and
abdominalis), but it differs from that species in being slightly
wider, each elytron with a sharply defined discal row of spots,
and the sutural ones also much more conspicuous, the elytral
punctures are also somewhat different. The upper-surface
(except for the white markings) is sparsely clothed with
stramineous pubescence, on the pronotum the sides are irregu-
larly spotted, and there is a conspicuous interrupted median
line, on the elytra the suture is very narrowly whitish almost
throughout, and attached, or almost attached, to it are
numerous conspicuous spots, each elytron has an irregular
discal row of conspicuous spots, and a less conspicuous sub-
marginal row; on the under-surface there are some irregular
nude spots on the sterna, and a very conspicuous one on each
metasternal episternum, on each of the four basal segments
of abdomen there are five nude spots: a subtriangular one on
each side of the base, one in middle of apex, and a circular
subapical one half-way between the middle and each side. The
femoral teeth are feeble but are traceable on the three
specimens in the Museum (two of which are from the old
collection, and without locality labels).

BELUS EXILIS, 0. sp.

Piceous-brown, some parts black; front of prothorax,
elytra, rostrum, and most of legs somewhat reddish.

603

Upper-surface sparsely, the under-surface moderately densely
clothed with whitish pubescence.

Head densely granulate-punctate. Rostrum long, thin,
lightly curved, shining, and with minute punctures, but
becoming more distinct near base. Antennae thin and rather
long, first joint about as long as second and third combined,
second shorter but somewhat stouter than third, third and
fourth ‘equal, eleventh about once and one-half the length of
tenth. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, median line
narrow; densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra very narrow,
slightly wider than prothorax, slightly narrowed towards but
scarcely produced at apex, suture not distinctly elevated at
base; with closely-set punctures, somewhat larger towards
base than elsewhere. Front femora rather long and lightly
dentate, the others shorter and edentate, hind ones just
passing tip of first abdominal segment, basal joint of tarsi
almost as long as the two following combined. Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Mittagong (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7884.

The abdomen is more sparsely clothed than on acaciae,
and the sublateral spots are narrower and much less defined ;
the species also differs from acaciae (with which it might be
associated in my table) in being narrower, pale clothing of
elytra much sparser and confined to suture, rostrum distinctly
longer, etc. The clothing of the under-surface, although not
very dense, is almost uniform except for a narrow glabrous
(but not very sharply defined) spot on each side of each of the
four basal segments of abdomen, the metasternal episterna
are very narrowly glabrous where they touch the elytra, but
are without distinct nude spots; the head (except for a feeble
ring around each eye) and pronotum (except for a feeble and
partial median line) are almost glabrous, on the elytra the
clothing consists of small and feeble spots, somewhat distantly
placed along the suture. The elytral punctures are placed in
almost regular rows, but the punctures in the rows, and the
rows themselves, are so close together as to be practically
touching.

BELUS ACUTIPENNIS, 0. sp.

Piceous-brown; rostrum and legs somewhat paler.
Sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence.

Head convex and densely granulate-punctate between
eyes; finely punctate at base. Rostrum slightly longer than
prothorax, thin, lightly curved, shining; at extreme base with
fairly strong punctures, elsewhere with very small ones.
Antennae rather long and thin, but five apical joints somewhat
thickened, third slightly longer than first, distinctly longer

604

than fourth and twice the length of second, eleventh once and
one-half the length of tenth. Prothorax almost as long as
greatest width, which is near base, base not much wider than
apex, sides feebly rounded; rather densely granulate. LHlytra
thin, slightly wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, which is strongly and acutely produced, suture scarcely
elevated at base; densely punctate or granulate-punctate.
Front femora rather long, very lightly dentate, the others
shorter and edentate, hind pair just passing tip of first
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi slightly longer than
second and third combined.. Length, 10 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Gosford (H. W. Cox). Type
(unique), I. 7895.

In my table would be associated with acrobeles, from
which .it differs im being narrower, elytra much more acute
at apex, antennae longer and thinner, etc. Structurally it
is fairly close to acanthopterus and edentulus, but the rostrum
is shorter, the prothorax is less transverse, and the clothing
of the abdomen is very different. The clothing is fairly dense
about the eyes, and the median line of the pronotum is
feebly indicated, but elsewhere it is sparse although almost
evenly distributed, even near the elytral suture it is not
condensed into spots; the under-surface is evenly and rather
sparsely clothed throughout, there being no naked spots, and
the sides (even of the sterna) without denser clothing than
in the middle.

BELUS PODAGROSUS, 0. Sp.

Piceous-brown ; parts of legs and of rostrum more red-
dish. With stramineous pubescence feebly margining eyes,
forming a feeble median line on pronotum, numerous spots
conjoined to a narrow sutural stripe on the elytra, and dense
on parts of the under-surface.

Head densely granulate-punctate, more coarsely between
the eyes than elsewhere. Rostrum long, thin, and lightly
curved; behind antennae with punctures as on base of head,
in front shining, and with minute punctures. Antennae
rather long and thin, first joint about as long as second
and third combined, third distinctly longer than fourth, and
about twice the length of second, eleventh twice the length of
tenth. Prothorax slightly longer than its greatest width (which
is near the base) sides moderately rounded, median line well-
defined, except in front; with small dense granules. Hlytra
(for the genus) moderately wide, distinctly wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, which is strongly and
acutely produced, suture feebly elevated at base; densely
granulate-punctate. Femora dentate (the front pair

605 |

moderately, the others lightly), hind ones extending to about
middle of second abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi
conspicuously inflated, concave on lower surface, almost as
long as two following joints combined, and much wider than
either. Length, 15 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Murray Bridge. Type (unique),
I. 7880.

The general outlines are much as on bidentatus, centralis,
and hemustictus; the elytral markings are as on some speci-
mens of scalaris, but it is wider than that species, and the
second-fourth joints of antennae are very differently propor-
tioned. In my table it would be associated with sparsus, but
is wider, differently clothed, third joint of antennae very
different, etc., I do not think it should be referred to D, of
that table, as the pale elytral clothing, although confined to
the suture, is distinctly spotted. On the under-surface the
pubescence 1s rather dense on the sides, especially of the
sterna, but there is a narrow nude space on each side of the
metasternum, and a somewhat rounded nude spot on its
episternum; on the abdomen the pubescence is sparse along
the middle, and irregular about the sides, with a (not very
sharply defined) nude spot on each side of each of the four
basal segments. The basal joint of each tarsus is conspicuously
inflated, more especially on the front pair.

BELUS VARIABILIS, n. sp.

Piceous-brown ; some parts black, elytra paler but some-
what infuscated about suture, apical half of rostrum and parts
of legs reddish. Irregularly clothed with whitish (in some
places stramineous) pubescence.

Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, with
finer sculpture at base. Rostrum rather long, thin, and
lightly curved ; with rather coarse punctures behind antennae,
in front shining and with small punctures. Antennae
moderately long, third joint slightly longer than fourth,
shightly shorter than first, and conspicuously longer and
thinner than second, eleventh about twice as long as first.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides gently rounded, base
not much wider than apex, median line well-defined, densely
granulate. slytra thin, very little wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is lightly produced, suture
scarcely elevated at base; densely granulate-punctate. Froat
femora lightly dentate or edentate, the others shorter and
edentate, hind pair just passing tip of first abdominal ceg-
ment; basal joint of tarsi as long as the two following
combined. Length, 8-94 mm.

606

Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type, I. 7885.

There are twenty specimens before me, but I cannot
regard them as belonging to more than one variable species ;
the femoral dentition is usually very feeble, and is occasionally
quite absent, but the dentition is similarly variable on several
other species. Many specimens are rather close in general
appearance to acaciae (with which the dentate specimens
would be associated), and have very similar abdominal
clothing (except that the nude spots are longer), but the
rostrum of both sexes is conspicuously longer; the specimens
with edentate femora, in my table, would be associated with
longicornis, to which, however, they are not very close. The
pubescence is fairly dense about the eyes, forms a conspicuous
median line on the pronotum and is dense on the sides, and
forms numerous irregular spots close to or conjoined with the
suture, towards the sides the spots (often consisting of but
two or three hairs) are smaller and much less conspicuous to
' the naked eye, on the sides of the sterna the pubescence is
denser than elsewhere; there is a narrow nude space on each
side of the metasternum where it joins the episternum (but
the episternum itself is uniformly clothed, except that a very
small narrow spot—usually concealed by. the elytra—is
sometimes visible); on each of the four basal segments of
abdomen there is an elongated nude spot towards each side.
On many specimens the median clothing of the pronotum is
more stramineous than white, and it is occasionally inter-
rupted in the middle. The male differs from the female in
having slightly wider prothorax, slightly narrower elytra and
conspicuously thinner front femora.

Two specimens (A), from Lucindale have the head and
prothorax with whitish pubescence, rather thickly scattered
about and the median clothing unusually dark and con-
spicuous, on the elytra the subsutural spots are larger and
more confluent than usual, and the other spots are also
unusually numerous, their metasternal episterna are uniformly
clothed. Two other Lucindale specimens (B), agree with A,
except that each metasternal episternum has a conspicuous
nude spot; on one of them also the rostrum is almost black.
A specimen (C), from Kilkerran (Blackburn’s collection) is
unusually small, and has the subsutural spots less numerous
than usual. One (D), from Quorn (Blackburn’s collection),
has elytral clothing as on C, but each metasternal episternum
with a conspicuous nude spot and the rostrum quite black.
One (EK), from Kangaroo Island, has a few spots touching the
suture, but none towards the sides, a conspicuous nude spot on
each metasternal episternum and the rostrum black. Another

607

(F), from Kangaroo Island (J. G. O. Tepper), has clothing as
on A, except that there is a glabrous spot on each metasternal
episternum, this specimen, however, has fairly strong teeth on
the front femora (stronger than on any other specimen of the
species before me). A specimen (G), from Murray Bridge
(A. M. Lea), has clothing as on A, except that there is a
considerably larger spot than usual on each elytron at its base,
its rostrum is reddish, even at the base, and femoral dentition
fairly strong.
BELUS ANGUSTATUS, Nn. sp.

Piceous-brown or black; apical half of rostrum, elytra
and legs more or less reddish. With sparse whitish pubescence
about eyes, forming a feeble median line on pronotum, and
small conjoined spots on suture; each side of under-surface
with a conspicuous white stripe from beneath the eye to apex
of abdomen, rest of under-surface sparsely clothed; a nude
spot on each metasternal episternum.

Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, punctate
about base. Rostrum rather long (quite as long as front
femora), thin and lightly curved; behind antennae with
punctures as on base of head, in front shining and with
minute punctures. Antennae rather long and not very thin,
third joint slightly shorter than first, slightly longer than
fourth, and much longer than second, eleventh thrice
the length of tenth. /Prothoraxz distinctly shorter than
its greatest width (which is near the _ base), sides
rather strongly rounded, median line distinct only on
basal half; somewhat asperately granulate-punctate. Hlytra
thin, except close to base no wider than widest part of pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, which is lightly produced ;
closely granulate-punctate. Femora lightly dentate, hind pair
not (or scarcely) passing apex of first abdominal segment;
basal joint of tarsi about as long as two following combined.
Length, 10-13} mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Strathalbyn (Rev. A. P. Bur-
gess), Port Lincoln (Blackburn’s collection), Lucindale (B. A.
Feuerheerdt and A. M. Lea): Bull Island (E. A. Limbert),
Mindarie; Western Australia (E. F. du Boulay). Type, I.
7883.

Of the specimens before me seven have antennae as
described, on three others the eleventh joint is less cylindrical
and but twice the length of the tenth; these specimens also
have the front femora stouter, so presumably are females (one
certainly is, as its ovipositor is protruding), the others being
males. A specimen from New South Wales (Dorrigo, W.
Heron) is probably a male of this species, but its front femora
are edentate, and suture very sparsely clothed. In general

608

appearance the species is close to sparsus, but is even more
parallel-sided, femoral dentition much smaller (on one speci-
men from Port Lincoln it is practically absent) and terminal
joint of antennae (both sexes) much longer; filiformis has
very similar outlines, but the clothing and antennae are
different; diffiicilis is also close, but has a shorter rostrum,
antennae with apical joint much shorter, etc.; structurally
it is fairly close to pudicus, but is very differently clothed.
The dentate specimens in my table would be associated with
brunneus, with which they have few details in common; the
edentate ones with edentulus, angustulus, and imconstans,
from which they differ in the sutural clothing and in the
antennae. The elytral suture to the naked eye appears to be
narrowly and almost uniformly clothed with whitish
pubescence, but under a lens this is seen to consist of numerous
more or less loosely conjoined spots, somewhat more widely
distributed near the base than elsewhere (on an occasional
specimen, however, the maculate appearance is less evident).
As on many other species of the genus the elytra have some
dark pubescence (fairly conspicuous on the outer apical
margins), but it is very short and indistinct. There are

numerous conspicuous granules on the sparsely clothed parts
of the under-surface.

BELUS HALMATURINUS, N. sp.

Blackish ; elytra, rostrum, antennae, and legs of a rather
bright red. Moderately clothed with whitish and stramineous
pubescence.

Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, punctate ~
about base. Rostrum moderately long, rather thin and lightly
curved; behind antennae with punctures much as on base of
head, in front shining and with small to minute punctures.
Antennae inserted about one-third from base of rostrum, first
joint almost as long as second and third combined, second
thicker and just perceptibly longer than third, the latter
slightly longer than fourth, fourth-tenth subequal in length,
but after the sixth distinctly increasing in width, eleventh
about once and one-half the length of tenth. Prothorax
lightly transverse, sides rather strongly rounded, base very
little wider than apex, median line not very deeply impressed ;
densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra thin, not much wider
than widest part of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex,
which is lightly produced, suture not elevated at base; with
dense punctures, about base with a few granules. Femora
edentate, hind pair extending to about middle of second
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi much shorter than
second and third combined. Length, 7-74 mm.

609

_ Hab.—South Australia: Kangaroo Island. Type, I.
7894.

In size and sculpture close to granicollis, but very
differently coloured and clothed. The pubescence is sparsely
distributed over the upper-surface, but is fairly dense about
the eyes, along the median line (except in middle) of pro-
notum, is dense on the scutellum, and forms feeble spots on
the elytra, mostly near the suture; on the under-surface it is
fairly dense, and there are no nude spots except a small one
on each metasternal episternum. The antennae are inserted
nearer the base of rostrum than is usual; the elytral punctures
are very close together, and in places have a seriate arrange-
ment. ;

BELUS LACUSTRIS, n. sp. _

Black; claws obscurely reddish. Densely clothed with
white pubescence.

Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, punctate
about base. Rostrum rather long, thin, and lightly curved ;
with rather coarse punctures behind antennae, shining, and
with small punctures in front. Antennae not very thin,
inserted about one-third from base of rostrum, first joint
longer than second and third combined, second slightly stouter
‘and just perceptibly longer than third, third-tenth equal in
length, but after the sixth increasing in width, eleventh
rather closely applied to and about once and one-half the
length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as greatest width,
sides strongly rounded, base slightly wider than apex, median
line lightly impressed ; with numerous small granules showing
through clothing. Hlytra (for the genus) not very narrow,
scarcely wider than widest part of prothorax, parallel-sided to
near apex, which is lightly produced, suture not elevated at
base; with dense punctures and with numerous granules
showing through clothing. /emora edentate; hind pair just
passing apex of basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi
no longer and but little wider than second. Length, 114 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Lake Callabonna (A. Zietz).
Type, I. 7875.

Allied to ursus, but larger and darker, rostrum longer
and clothing shorter (although still dense), and to the naked
eye having a maculate appearance ; in some respects it is close
to vetustus, but is wider, with denser clothing and median line
of pronotum less pronounced. The rostrum (except at base)
and basal joint of antennae are glabrous; elsewhere the cloth-
ing is dense but somewhat maculate in appearance, owing to
numerous granules showing through.

Two specimens (from the old collection and without
locality labels) possibly belong to this species; they are of a

U .

610

dingy red (the head and parts of the under-surface blackish),
the clothing not quite so dense, and the elytra with numerous
transverse series of stramineous spots of clothing; the inter-
spaces between the spots are more sparsely clothed than on the
type; but on the type the spots themselves are indicated,
although they are quite as white as the rest of the clothing.

BELUS CYLINDRICUS, 0. sp.

Black; parts of legs and of antennae obscurely reddish.
Moderately (in places densely) clothed with white or whitish
pubescence, rostrum glabrous. Length, 103-11 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cue and Lake Austin (H. W.
Brown). Type I. 7876.

Structurally close to the preceding species, but narrower,
rostrum slightly longer and more curved, fourth joint of
antennae slightly longer than third and fifth, median channel
of pronotum more distinct, each elytron rather more distinctly
produced at base, their maculate appearance more evident,
and punctures (due to the less even distribution of pubescence)
much more conspicuous; on the preceding species all the joints
of the antennae (after the first) are densely clothed, on the
present species four or five of the basal joints are sparsely
clothed. In my table it would be associated with amplicollis,
from which it is very different; its general appearance is
strongly suggestive of some of the narrower species of Lizus.
The pubescence causes the head to appear feebly trilineate;
on the pronotum it forms a conspicuous (but interrupted)
median line, and numerous lateral spots, on the elytra also it
forms numerous spots, and these are in more or less oblique or
transverse series, instead of in longitudinal ones, as on most
species of the genus; the spots are all small and loosely formed
and are frequently conjoined, the interspaces between the
spots are loosely clothed; on the under-surface there is a
small nude spot on each metasternal episternum, and a small
one on each side of the base of each of the four basal segments
of abdomen. On the type the whole of the pubescence is
white, on a second specimen the spots on the elytra are mostly
stramineous.

* BELUS FLOCCOSUS, Nn. sp.

Reddish-castaneous; parts of antennae and of tarsi
darker, head black or blackish. Irregularly clothed (densely
in places) with white, woolly-looking pubescence.

Head densely granulat punctate between eyes, at base
punctate. Rostrum long, thin, and lightly curved; behind
antennae with dense distinct punctures, in front polished and
with minute punctures Antennae long and thin, inserted

611

about one-fourth from base of rostrum, third joint about the
length of first, distinctly longer than fourth, and fully twice
the length of second, eleventh about once and one-fourth the
length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as greatest width,
sides strongly rounded, base not much wider than apex,
median line lightly impressed ; densely granulate. Hlytra very
thin, slightly wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, which is lightly produced, suture not elevated at base;
densely punctate. /emora edentate, hind ones slightly passing
apex of basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi as long
as second and third combined. Length, 7-9 mm.

Hab.—-Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay) ;
South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt, his No.
goes ype, F789:

The clothing has a peculiarly loose flocculent appearance
along the suture, which readily distinguishes the species from
variabilis, the rostrum is also thinner and antennae longer
than on that species; the clothing is very different to that of
longicornis and filiformis, with which it would be associated
in my table; in many respects it is close to acaciae, but the
front femora are edentate; from parallelus it differs in having
looser clothing, abdomen with nude spots only on sides, and
rostrum, antennae, and basal joint of tarsi longer. The sexes
differ in the width of prothorax and thickness of front femora.
The rostrum (either entirely or with the base excepted) is of a
brighter red than the other parts. The pubescence margins
the eyes, but is sparse on the upper parts of the head, on the
pronotum it forms a fairly distinct median line, but is dense
on the sides, is dense on the scutellum, on the elytra it forms
loosely compacted spots along the suture, and smaller and still
looser ones elsewhere, with a few hairs scattered singly; on
the under-surface it is dense, but somewhat sparser along the
middle than on the sides; the metasternal episterna are
uniformly clothed, but there is a fairly large nude spot on
each side of each of the four basal segments of abdomen.

BELUS TRILINEALBUS, N. sp.

Black; rostrum, base of head, and parts of antennae and
of legs more or less reddish. Clothed with white pubescence,
mostly maculate in arrangement.

Head coarsely sculptured between eyes, less coarsely at.
base. Rostrum long, thin, and distinctly curved; behind
antennae with rather coarse punctures, in front with smaller
but quite conspicuous ones. Antennae moderately long, first
joint about as long as second and third combined, third

u2

612

scarcely longer than fourth, and about one-fourth longer
than second, eleventh more than twice the length of tenth.
Prothoraz lightly transverse, sides strongly rounded, base
much wider than apex, with a wide shallow median channel ;
with numerous conspicuous granules, the interspaces with
dense but more or less concealed punctures. Llytra rather
narrow, somewhat wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to
near apex, which is strongly and acutely produced, suture not
elevated at base; with dense and moderately large punctures,
becoming granulate-punctate towards base. Front femora
rather stout, edentate; hind pair not extending to middle of
second segment; basal joint of tarsi much shorter than second
and third combined. Length, 15-16 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
Re kel e®

A multimaculate species with acutely produced elytra,
at first glance like densely clothed puncticeps, but femora
edentate on the four specimens before me; the elytra are more
produced at apex and with much more numerous spots than
on anguineus; in some respects close to helms: and bison, but
narrower, elytra more produced at apex, with discal spots and
granules more numerous and head with three white lines
instead of two; in general appearance strikingly close to
eristatus, but head trilineate and elytra not carinate: in my
table would be associated with edentulus, but it is much wider
and is otherwise very different to that species. The apex of
the prothorax, and the sides near apex of elytra on two of
the specimens are obscurely diluted with red. The upper-
surface of the head is sparsely clothed, but the pubescence
forms a moderately distinct median line and conspicuously
margins the eyes, giving the head a trilineate appearance; on
the pronotum not many hairs are scattered singly, but there
is a conspicuous interrupted median line and numerous spots
on the sides; on the eltyra there are numerous small
and very small spots, denser about the suture than elsewhere
(the tips only have fairly dense blackish pubescence); the
under-surface is rather densely clothed, but has a spotted
appearance owing to numerous granules showing; there are
two nude spots (the hind one of which is sometimes indistinct)
on each metasternal episternum; the clothing of the abdomen
is irregular along the middle (not quite as on anguineus and
sealaris), and each of the four basal segments has a nude spot
on each side of the base. The punctures on the apical half
of the rostrum, although considerably smaller than on the
basal half, are decidedly larger there than is usual in the
genus; the elytra pass the abdomen for more than the length
of the apical segment. |

613

BELUS ORTHODOXUS, DN. sp.

Piceous-brown; rostrum (and sometimes the elytra and
appendages) paler. Upper-surface with sparse stramineous
pubescence except for a conspicuous line on suture, under-
surface densely but somewhat irregularly clothed.

Head with crowded and fairly large punctures between
eyes, becoming smaller about base. Rostrum moderately long,
thin, and lightly curved; about base with rather coarse but
partially-concealed punctures, elsewhere shining and with
small but distinct punctures. Antennae moderately long, first
joint about as long as second and third combined, third
distinctly longer than fourth and second, these equal in
length, but second slightly stouter than fourth, eleventh
almost twice the length of tenth. Prothorax lightly trans-
verse, sides moderately rounded, base distinctly wider than
apex, median line shallow but well-defined; densely granulate-
punctate. Hlytra rather thin, slightly wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is moderately produced,
suture not distinctly elevated at base; with dense punctures,
about base with granules. /’emora edentate, front ones stout,
hind ones just passing basal segment of abdomen; basal joint
of tarsi distinctly shorter than second and third combined.
Length, 11-13 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (8. H. Curnow).
Type, Ll. 7887.

Structurally close to vetustus and brevipes, but very
differently clothed, and otherwise different, although the
suture is conspicuously clothed throughout the pubescence is
not confined to it, as on swtwralis and its allies, but there are
pale hairs scattered about elsewhere and especially about the
base. In my table some specimens would be associated with
brevipes, but others have the elytra no paler than the
prothorax and these would be referred to M, e, but they are
considerably larger and otherwise different to inconstans. On
some specimens, but not on others, the elytra distinctly pass
the abdomen for more than the length of the apical segment,
but the variations appear to be due to irregular contraction.
The eyes are moderately ringed, but the rest of the upper parts
of the head are sparsely clothed, there is a fairly distinct
median line of clothing on the pronotum, on the elytra the
suture is conspicuously clothed throughout, but under a lens
the pubescence has a somewhat maculate appearance, especially
towards the base, about which there are a few small scattered
spots, on the rest of the elytra the derm is glabrous or with
a few hairs scattered singly; on the under-surface there is a
dense stripe on each side from beneath the eye to tip of

614

abdomen, with a small nude spot on the metasternal epister-
num; the abdomen is moderately clothed along the middle,
but the derm is obliquely glabrous just before the stripe on
each side, there are no nude spots on the sides themselves.
The punctures between the eyes are deep and round, with
their walls not broken up into granules.

BELUS VILLOSUS, Nn. sp.

Black; tibiae and claws more or less obscurely reddish.
Clothed (in places densely) with white pubescence, and in
addition with numerous long hairs.’

Head with coarse, partially concealed punctures between
eyes, becoming smaller but more distinct about base. Rostrum
scarcely longer than prothorax, rather thin and distinctly
curved; behind antennae with coarse crowded punctures, in
front shining and with rather small but conspicuous ones.
Antennae inserted in middle of rostrum, not very thin and
decidedly thickened to apex, first joint almost as long as
second and third combined, second and fourth subequal in
length and each slightly shorter than third, eleventh about
once and one-third the length of tenth. Prothorar about as
long as greatest width, sides strongly rounded, extreme base
not much wider than apex, median line well-defined ; densely
granulate. Hlytra thin, not much wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is but lightly produced,
suture not elevated at base; with dense strong punctures,
about base with a few granules. /'emora edentate, hind pair
just passing basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi
somewhat inflated and distinctly shorter than the two follow-
ing ones combined. Length, 95-11 mm.

Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown); South
Australia: Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 7889.

With many long straggling hairs as on most specimens
of filiformis, but otherwise very different to that species; in
general appearance it is somewhat like large specimens of
gramcollis, but with even looser ciothing, head trilineate,
abdominal spots different, etc., also like niveopilosus, but
smaller, rostrum shorter, antennae inserted further from the
base, prothorax less transverse, and clothing of head and
abdomen different. In my table would be associated with
amplicollis, which is a considerably larger species, with very
different prothorax. On one of the Quorn specimens the elytra
are obscurely reddish, and the tibiae brightly coloured. The
white pubescence margins the eyes, and forms a fairly distinct
median line on the head, on the pronotum it forms a distinct
(and sometimes interrupted) median line and numerous spots

615

on the sides, on the elytra it is mostly condensed into small
spots conjoined to the suture, but there are a few small spots
scattered about the base, and forming a feeble discal row on
each elytron; on the under-surface the pubescence is mostly
dense, but there is a nude spot towards each side of the four
basal segments of abdomen; the abdomen along the middle,
however, is very irregularly clothed and some specimens appear
to have four or five nude spots on most of the segments
(approaching the clothing of angwineus and scalaris). The
long hairs are numerous between the eyes and on the base of
rostrum, on the sides of prothorax, and on the under-surface
and legs.
PACHYURA QUADRIMACULATA, Ni. Sp.

Reddish-castaneous; head (but not rostrum) and most
of prothorax somewhat blackish. Most of under-surface and
sides of prothorax with dense, stramineous pubescence;
pubescence rather conspicuously margining eyes, forming a
narrow median line on pronotum, fairly dense on medio-basal
portion of elytra, and forming four very conspicuous circular
spots across middle, elsewhere more sparsely clothed.

Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures. Eyes
large and round. Rostrum rather short (about as long as
width of head across eyes), at base with punctures as on head,
elsewhere shining, glabrous, and with minute punctures, two
small acute projections at apex. Antennae rather stout, third
joint the length of first, much longer than second and slightly
longer than fourth. /Prothoraz lightly transverse, sides
moderately rounded, base strongly bisinuate and conspicuously
wider than apex (which is truncate), median line shallow;
densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra distinctly wider than
prothorax, lightly notched by scutellum, each strongly pro-
duced at base, parallel-sided to near apex, which is obtusely
pointed ; densely granulate-punctate. /emora not very stout,
edentate, hind pair almost extending to apex of second
abdominal segment. Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—Victoria (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique),
F870.

Allied to minima, fasciata, and pyriatra, but readily
distinguished by the transverse series of four spots, of these
the outer ones are slightly smaller and slightly posterior to
the others. Both antennae of the type are damaged, with
the eleventh joint missing.

PACHYURA BREVIROSTRIS, Nl. sp.

Of a rather dingy pale castaneous; head darker, rostrum
black and shining. Rather sparsely clothed with stramineous

616

pubescence, but becoming dense on middle of base of pro-
thorax, and on the sides of under- surface, especially of the
sterna, but metasternal episternum with a conspicuous
glabrous spot.

Head rather wide; with moderately large, deep, well-
defined punctures, with a narrow median line, and a narrow
line near each eye, these large and prominent. Rostrum
scarcely as long as width of head across eyes, with two sharp
projections at ‘tip; base with punctures much as on head,
elsewhere polished and with small punctures. Antennae
moderately long, seven basal joints thin, the others consider-
ably wider, second joint the length of fourth, slightly shorter
than first, and much shorter than third, eleventh about once
and one-fourth the length of tenth. Prothoraz rather strongly
transverse, sides moderately rounded, base strongly bisinuate
and conspicuously wider than apex, which is truncate, median
line narrow in front, interrupted in middle and rather deep
at base; with sharply defined punctures near middle of base,
but granulate-punctate elsewhere. Scwte/lum short and
strongly transverse, conspicuously cutting into bases of elytra.
Hlytra distinctly wider than prothorax, shoulders strongly
rounded, sides almost parallel to beyond the middle, apices
conjointly acutely produced; with close series of small, deep
punctures, the interstices granulate; a conspicuous shining
elevated line near the middle of each elytron, from about the
basal fifth to about the apical fifth, each side dilated adjacent
to metasternum, and with a marginal row of granules. Legs
rather stout; femora edentate, hind pair passing apex of
second abdominal segment; tibiae lightly denticulate on lower
surface; basal joint of tarsi slightly longer than second and
third combined, and distinctly longer than claw-joint.
Length, 8 mm.

Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type
(unique), E7873.

I think it improbable that this species will be allowed to
remain in Pachyura, but short of proposing a new genus for
its reception, that is the only one to which it can be referred
at present. In my table of genera of the subfamily the
species would be associated Beret A gnesiotis, to which it is not
at all close; in that table Pachyura is placed with the genera
having the elytra trisinuate at base, this is usually hat not
always the case; the present species has the elytra acute at
the apex, but the tip of its rostrum is much as on the pr eceding
species, which also has the elytra (although otherwise very
cafiersau) spuewhat similar at the base. The rostrum is

(34) Ween’ S Gai: Enseeus Ree ON pp. Bits

617

conspicuously shorter than on any previously described species
of the subfamily, and the claw joint is also shorter (but this
may be sexually variable). The sides of the abdomen are
somewhat shrunken, probably indicating immaturity of the
type, but the species is such a distinct one that I have not
hesitated to describe it.

RHINOTIA HAEMOPTERA, Kirby, Parachilna.

HapPLonyx (AOLLES) ORBICULATUS, Lea.

A single specimen, apparently belonging to this species,
was taken at Ooldea, but with the circular dark patch on the
elytra less well-defined than on the type, owing to the intrusion
of numerous whitish scales on the apical slope; many of the
pale scales elsewhere also have a rusty appearance.

H. MyrruHatTus, Pasc., Orroroo.

DIETHUSA MOLLIS, Lea, Parachilna.

D. sQquaMIVARIA, Lea, Orroroo, Parachilna.

MELANTERIUS HYBRIDUS, Lea, Birkett’s Woolshed.

M. soutitus, Lea, Strzelecki Creek.

M. tTristis, Lea, Orroroo.

ELAEAGNA SQUAMIBUNDA, Pasc., Cooper Creek, Lakes
Crossing:

ANTHRIBIDAE.

ARAEOCERUS LINDENSIS, Blackb., Ooldea.
ECELONERUS SUBFASCIATUS, Fhs., Ooldea.

BRUCHIDAE.

BRUCHUS LYNDHURSTENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.

CERAMBYCIDAE.

EURYNASSA ODEWAHNII, Pasc., Ooldea.

E. stigmMosum, Newm., Ooldea.

MACROTOMA EDULIS, Newm., Ooldea.

XYSTROCERA VIRESCENS, Newm., Parachilna.

PacHyDissus Boops, Blackb., Ooldéa, Parachilna (pl.
SEKVinS eS 81).

P. PICIPENNIS, Germ., Parachilna (pl. xxxvi., figs. 82,
83).

PHORACANTHA POSTICALIS, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi.,
fig. 85).

P. qurnaRiaA, Newm., Parachilna.
P. seEnrio, Newm., Carraweena, Ooldea.

618

APHANASIUM ALBOPILOSUM, Ni. sp.
Pl] xxxwik jigs, (S64, 87;

+. Black or blackish; antennae, legs, and elytra with
flavous markings. Rather densely clothed with whitish
pubescence, sparser on elytra (but still fairly dense) than
elsewhere; in addition with sparse, suberect, and usually
darker hairs scattered about.

Head with crowded and small. punctures, normally
concealed except at base. Eyes large and coarsely faceted.
Antennae long and thin, at least three joints passing elytra,
first joint moderately stout and with dense punctures, second
small, third and fourth subequal, fifth-tenth slightly longer,
flatter, and acute (but not spinose) on one side at apex,
eleventh slightly longer and thinner than tenth. Prothorax
lightly transverse, with two small tubercles on each side, and
five very feeble ones on disc; with crowded and small punc-
tures, mostly concealed. JSlytra_ distinctly wider than
prothorax, widest across shoulders; with moderately dense
and sharply defined, but rather small punctures, becoming
very small and shallow posteriorly; each with two feeble
longitudinal elevations on disc. Four hind femora with dense
pubescence filling a groove along under-surface of each.
Length, 13-14 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Cooper Creek. Type, I. 7630.

In general appearance close to variegatum, but the
clothing on the upper-surface conspicuously whitish (dark on
that species), and much denser, especially on the prothorax
and scutellum; prothorax with only two tubercles on each
side (the front one of these is round and shining, the other
subconical but not acute), the five discal ones (two in front
and three behind) tending to obliteration, and with much
smaller and denser punctures, under-surface uniformly dark
and elytral markings not quite the same: on variegatum there
is a curved dark mark, from each shoulder, that does not quite
reach the suture, on the present species the curved mark is
much wider and extends to the suture (this is dark through-
out) both along the base and at about the basal fourth (thus
enclosing a pale spot near each side of the scutellum) ; there
is an angular median fascia connected with the suture and
the apical fourth is dark; each tibia is flavous near the base,
and the base of the third joint of antennae is pale; on a
second male the dark median fascia is extended to the sides
and narrowly connected along them with the apical blotch,
thus enclosing an oblique flavous mark on each elytron, the
fourth joint of the antennae as well as the third is also flavous
near the base.

619

ANATISIS LAMINOSUS, Newm., Ooldea.
APOSITES LANATICOLLIS, Blackb., Kingunyah.
URACANTHUS ALBATUS, Lea, Leigh Creek.

U. aver, Lea, Ooldea.

PEMPSAMACRA DISPERSA, Newm., Parachilna.
ANCITA FASCICULATA, Blackb., Ooldea.

A. varicornis, Germ., Orroroo, Parachilna.
SYMPHYLETES FUMATUS, Pasc., Clayton Creek.

PENTHEA PARDALIS, Newm.
PY, xxauvisjcfio., 84.

The specimen figured represents a slight variety of the
species commonly labelled as pardalis in Australian collec-
tions; but the original description would fit many species of
the genus. Ooldea. |

P. picta, Pasc., Ooldea.

MICROTRAGUS.
In Group Ill. Parmenides, Microtragus, and its close
allies are thus dealt with by Lacordaire (5) :—

Antennes rapprochées a leur base.
Dernier art. de tous les palpes ou des max. seuls

triangulaire Deets k eee. Mo cat to ae eee) OE UCMULS
Dernier art. des palpes normal; prothorax
tuberculé sur les cétés.
Elytres ovalaires, arrondies en arriere .... Microtragus
Elytres trés-attenuées et épineuses ... .... Ceroegidion
Antennes plus ou moins distantes 4 leur base ... Athemistus

No doubt he had but few species and specimens under
examination, as the character noted for Stychus is a sexual
one, the male having the apical joint of each palpus consider-
ably dilated to the apex, so as to be triangular; this is also
the case with-J/. mormon, and in several other. species of
Microtragus, and in all the species of that genus before me
(where I can be certain of the sexes) the apical joint is more
or less variable sexually; Stychus, therefore, cannot be
maintained, as it was proposed solely upon this character,
the species, amycteroides, having been previously correctly
referred to Microtragus. Nor is the rounding of the apex of
the elytra to be relied upon, as on several species the apices
are conspicuously produced (although far from being spine-
like as on Ceroegidion). The main character of the table is
also unreliable, as in Athemistus ‘howitti the antennae are
much closer together than in other species of Athemistus, and
more like those of JMuicrotragus; Athemistus, however, is
otherwise distinct.

(35) Gen. Coleopt., ix., p. 263.

620

I do not know eremitus and waterhousez, but the others
may be tabled as follows :—
A. Prothorax impunctate along middle (36) ... mormon
AA. Prothorax with punctures along middle.
B. Each elytron with two rows of isolated
tubercles.
a. Each elytron with two large tubercles
atbase eee EA eey ete). Peas S
aa. Kach elytron with but one large
tubercle at base.
b. A conspicuous spot of pale clothing
near each shoulder ... ... .:. .... quadrimaculatus
bb. Elytra not maculate....° 0... .:.... luetwosus
BB. Each elytron with two longitudinal
costae, (S7)
C. Prothorax with two small conical
tubercles on disc, as well as a large
one on each side tan | Fea So) RR bafasciatis
CC. Prothorax without conical tubercles
on disc. ,
D. Black spots on elytra all small and
wolated: (2h: 2 We fe. Lae renee
DD. Black spots often conjoined to form
large irregular blotches... .... senex

Mricrorracus Luctrosus, Shuck. (dloramus).

Mf. amycteroides, Pasc. (Stychus of Lacordaire).
J. pascoer, Thoms.

In Lacordaire’s Atlas two species are figured on plate 96
under the specific name of amycteroides :-—

Stychus amycteroides, Pasc., fig. 4, from Australia,
Phantasis amycteroides, Pasc., fig. 5, from Africa;

but the references to the figures are transposed, as figure 5
is quite evidently of the Australian beetle, it having but two
rows of tubercles on each elytron (Pascoe says “‘tuberculorum
serielus duabus,” and again, “each with two rows of stout
prominent tubercles’’), not at least three, as on the other
figure.

The description of Jorimus luctuosus agrees well with the
specimens before me, and I have no doubt but that it is
synonymous with amycteroides, of which it has precedence.
It was recorded as from Tasmania by Shuckard, but the
locality was queried in Master’s Catalogue. I have only seen

(56-)On the variety sticticus of arachne the punctures along
the middle of the pronotum aré not actually visible, but their
positions are indicated through the clothing.

(57) The costae, owing to their clothing, frequently have an
appearance as of being broken up into tubercles, but even when
aa are divided off, they are connected with the costae by lower
ridges. ,

621

specimens from Southern Queensland, and believe the locality
Tasmania to have been given in error.

MICROTRAGUS QUADRIMACULATUS, Blackb.

A specimen from the Coen River (Queensland) agrees
with the description of this species; it resembles the preceding
species, but differs in being very much smaller, with the rows
of tubercles continued to much nearer the apex of elytra, the
prothorax less coarsely sculptured on the disc, and the elytra
with four large pale spots; as the apical joint of each palpus
is rather thin the specimen is probably a female.

MIcCROTRAGUS SENEX, White.
Var. M. junctus, Blackb.

M. maculatus, Blackb.
M. albtdus, Blackb.

Of twenty-nine specimens before me the elytral markings
are not exactly the same on any two, and they are not
exactly the same on the two sides of any individual ; but there
is frequently (in addition to other markings) a large black
blotch on each side near the base, and an irregular one on
the suture posteriorly, and such specimens agree well with the
figure of the type; but occasionally the markings are extended
over most of the surface, and are but brown and black,
instead of white, brown, and black. It varies greatly in size
also (10-20 mm.). On the male the apical joint of each palpus
is distinctly wider than on the female, but it is not triangu-
larly dilated as on the males of luctuosus and mormon, the
sexes, however, may be readily distinguished by the hind
coxae, on the male (only) each of these at its inner angle has
a short upright tubercle, usually rather compressed and
sharply pointed, but occasionally shorter and subconical.

Junctus appears to be a variety of senex, having a some-
what narrower body, markings more diffused and elytra with
longer and more sinuous costae; although described as having
the costae joined posteriorly (and named junctus) a specimen
labelled by Blackburn as junctus certainly has not the costae
joined pesteriorly, although they are fairly close to each other
at their tips. The type of maculatus appears also to have
been one of the many varieties of senex, it is now in the
British Museum, but the specimen identified as maculatus
from the Elder Expedition is before me, and belongs to sees -
‘the costae on the elytra are rather more pronounced and more
sinuous than on the western forms, but there are connecting
specimens before me. Structurally two specimens labelled by

622

Blackburn as gunctus and maculatus respectively, are in
perfect agreement.

The type of a/bidus is in the British Museum, and it
seems probable that it was also described from a form of
senex, the longitudinal impression on the head of that species
appears to vary with the condition of the pubescence, and
the humeral tubercles are also variable to a certain extent.
But I have seen no specimen of the genus agreeing with the
following details: —‘‘When closely examined this species
appears to be rather closely sprinkled all over with minute
snowy-white spots, such spots consisting of single white scales
interspersed with the darker ones.’’

The locality of the type of senex was unknown, but the
specimens before me are from North-western Australia
(Roebuck Bay and Derby), Northern Territory (Tennant
Creek, McDonnell Ranges, and Finke River) and South
Australia (North-western interior and Ooldea).

MICROTRAGUS ARACHNE, Pasc.
Var. MW. stectecus, Pasc.

There are numerous specimens before me from Western
Australia (Geraldton, Fortescue River, and Cue) and
Queensland (Dalby) that I refer to this species, which I
consider somewhat doubtfully distinct from senex, as its
general structure (including the sexual differences of the palpi
and hind coxae) is practically the same; but it may be
distinguished by the black spots on the elytra being always
isolated and usually rounded, the long hairs on the upper-
surface are also more numerous. Although none of the speci-
mens in the Museum could be said to have the elytral clothing
“pale lemon-yellow,’’ it is decidedly yellowish on some of
them, but on the majority it is of a more or less dingy-brown,
in places shading off to whitish grey; but even on the very
dark specimens the black spots are conspicuous.

Mr. H. W. Brown has taken at Lake Austin and South-
ern Cross (in Western Australia) numerous specimens that
have the pubescence almost uniformly greyish-white, the
setae white except on the antennae, tarsi, and part of the
tibiae, and the longer hairs dark and numerous; the dark _
spots on the elytra are smaller and much less conspicuous
than on the typical form, and are sometimes more of a
reddish-brown than black. On some specimens the numerous
setae (not the hairs) on the elytra are conspicuously paler
than the depressed pubescence, but this is due to the latter
appearing darker through the infiltration of grease; such
specimens to a certain extent agree with Blackburn’s quoted

623

remarks on albidus, but on all of them the longitudinal
impression on the head is distinct only between and adjacent
to the antennary sockets. A male from Cooper Creek with
the coxal armature very light, is very densely clothed all over
with white pubescence, closely applied to the derm, in addition
with numerous rather short suberect setae (dark on the
pronotum and antennae, pale elsewhere), and over all with
long and fairly numerous erect dark hairs; on the elytra the
blackish spots are as on the typical form; the clothing in
general also (except as to its colour) is as on that form; the
large basal tubercles are more obtuse than usual.

Pascoe in describing sticticus, thought it was probably a
variety of arachne, and I am convinced that such is the case;
Blackburn identified a specimen from Narrabri (New South
Wales) as belonging to it, there was another in his collection
from Queensland, and I have seen two others from Queensland
that agree with these; they are all males, with the conspicuous
coxal armature of the male of arachne. The disc of the
pronotum is much more densely clothed than on the typical
form, thus obscuring the punctures, but I can find no
structural differences. Some specimens from the Daly River,
Darwin, and Wyndham, are smaller (83-114 mm.) than
usual, the elytral spots ‘feebly defined and a vague fascia
connecting the prothoracic tubercles across the disc; the
pubescence on the pronotum is denser than on most specimens
of arachne, but not so dense as on the variety sticticus.

MiIcroTRAGUS MORMON, Pasc.
M. assimilis, Blackb.

On this species the sexual differences of the palpi are
quite as pronounced as on Juctuosus; the pronotum has an
impunctate space along the middle, but on the basal half
there is a distinct groove. The length varies from 16 to 25
mm.

The type of assimilis is now in the British Museum, no
other specimen was in the Blackburn collection, nor was
mormon represented there; but I am convinced that assimilis
was described from a female of mormon; there are several
specimens in the South Australian Museum that agree well
with Blackburn’s description, and although Pascoe made no
mention of the lateral granules of the elytra, these are
sometimes but little in evidence. Blackburn considered that
assimilis differed from mormon ‘‘by the absence of hairs’’
(but Pascoe did not mention any such), and by the apex of
elytra, but the tips of these are variable.

Two specimens in the Museum differ considerably from
the ordinary form; one, A, is a female from Kuminin (it is

624

the only specimen I have seen from Western Australia) and
has the inner carina on each elytron shorter and more obtuse
than usual, and the outer one scarcely serrated. The other,
B, is a male from Mindarie, and has the prothorax wider and
more coarsely sculptured than usual (but with the impunctate
median space and longitudinal groove of the typical form),
the elytra with the inner costa on each strongly serrated, and
the outer one broken up into tubercles (much as on /uectuosus ),
the apex is strongly notched, with the tips appearing as
oblique triangular flanges (58). The other specimens before me
are from Ardrossan, Corny Point, Crecy, Karoonda, Ooldea,
Pinnaroo, and Pungonda in South Australia, and Birchip and
Sea Lake in Victoria.

MICROTRAGUS BIFASCIATUS, Nn. sp.

Black; with dense, variegated clothing.

Head with large punctures traceable through clothing,
longitudinal impression distinct only between antennary
sockets. Antennae rather short and stout. Prothorar
strongly convex, slightly longer than wide; with a strong
conical tubercle on each side, and a smaller one on each side
of middle (these slightly closer to the lateral ones than to
each other); with dense, large, round, deep punctures,
partially obscured in middle. Sewtellum small and transverse.
Elytra elliptic-ovate, conjointly rounded at apex, each with
a large suberect subconical tubercle in middle of base, and
each with two rather obtuse costae, terminating slightly
beyond the post-median fascia; sides with larger punctures
than on prothorax, but smaller towards suture, and still
smaller posteriorly. Length, 94-11 mm.

Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (E. Allen and F. P.
Dodd). Type, I. 7806.

Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
bifasciate elytra, and dense long hairs. The pubescence is
dense all over and is mostly black, but whitish on parts of
the legs; on the elytra there are two conspicuous white
fasciae: one close to the base crossing the suture but not
touching the sides, the other just beyond the middle, not
crossing the suture and not touching the sides, beyond it the
pubescence is conspicuously brownish; over all there are
dense, long, and usually dark-brown hairs. The sexes may be
readily distinguished by the palpi, on the male the apical
joint of each of these is rather long, subovate, and the tip
widely truncated; the maxillary ones each with a shallow

(38) In some respects this specimen agrees with the description
of waterhouset.

625

fovea on the upper-surface; on the female the maxillary palpi
are not foveate, and all have the apical joint decidedly
narrower and scarcely more than half the width of those of
the male at the tip.

MICROTRAGUS BASALIS, N. sp.

Black; closely covered with short, muddy-brown pubes-
cence; in addition with a few long dark hairs.

Head with large punctures, longitudinal impression
distinct only between antennary sockets. Antennae rather
stout and not very long. Prothorax slightly longer than wide,
with a stout subconical tubercle on each side and some vague
swellings on disc; with large, round, deep punctures, every-
where distinct. Scutellum inconspicuous. Flytra_ elliptic-
ovate, feebly notched at apex; each with two conspicuous
rows of tubercles, the inner commencing with a large sub-
conical one at base, and ending on summit of apical slope,
the other commencing near base, and ending on the slope,
in addition there is at the base on each side another large
tubercle; with large punctures on sides, becoming smaller
towards suture and posteriorly, but everywhere distinct.
Length, 7 mm.

Hab.—-Queensland: Mackay (Blackburn’s collection from
R. E. Turner). Type (unique), I. 7807.

Allied to gquadrimaculatus, but smaller, non-maculate,
elytra with four large tubercles at base, etc. As the apical
joint of each palpus is subtriangular, and widely truncated
at the apex, the type is certainly a male. The pubescence on
the legs is partly whitish, the long hairs are fairly numerous
on the face and pronotum, but on the elytra they are confined
to the vicinity of the tubercles.

CHRYSOMELIDAE.
DITROPIDUS GYMNOPTERUS, Nn. sp.

Bronzy or coppery-bronze; legs (in parts infuscated),
antennae (from one to five apical joints infuscated), palpi,
and labrum testaceo-flavous. Moderately densely clothed
with depressed, white pubescence; the elytra glabrous.

Head flat between eyes; with small, partially concealed
punctures. Prothorax about twice as wide as the median
length, base strongly bisinuate; punctures more or less
concealed. Scutellum small, its apex rounded. Flytra lightly
narrowed posteriorly ; with distinct but not very large punc-
tures in light striae, the interstices (except the shoulders)
shagreened throughout. Length, 23-3 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Parachilna. Type, I. 8206.

626

A suboblong, metallic species, apparently allied to
hirticollis, but differing from description in the elytra and
scutellum ; it is about the length of pubicollis, but is narrower,
pubescence denser, elytra conspicuously shagreened, etc. ;
whiter is larger, with sparser pubescence, legs differently
coloured and elytra differently sculptured. The pygidium
on some specimens appears to have a median line, but this is
due to the pubescence.

DITROPIDUS DAVISI, Saund.
A specimen of this species with the head entirely pale
was taken at Ooldea.
CANESCENS, Chp., Parachilna.
CUNEATUS, Chp., Ooldea, Parachilna.
LENTULUS, Chp., Parachilna.
PUBICOLLIS, Chp., Parachilna.
WHITEI, tien: Ooldea.
ELAPHODES VULPINUS, Chp., Ooldea.
RHYPARIDA VAGANS, ten Oolden.
PAROPSIS AENEIPENNIS, Chp., Ooldea.
P. HEMISPHAERICA, Chp., var. GLoBosa, Blackb., Cooper
Creek, Lakes Crossing.
P. HERA, Stal., Ooldea.
P. morosa, Blackb., Ooldea.
CHRYSOMELA FULVILABRIS, Germ., Cooper Creek, Kop-
peramanna, Ooldea, Strzelecki Creek.
C. sansoni, Baly., Cooper Creek.
PHYLLOTRETA AUSTRALIS, Blackb., Ooldea.

SOUoy

PSYLLIODES ARIDA, DN. sp.

Dark brassy-green; under-surface piceous-brown, elytra
and legs flavous with a more or less brassy-green gloss,
antennae flavous, from one to five apical joints infuscated.

Head with coarse and rather dense punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on clypeus. Antennae ten-jointed,
first joint about as long as second and third combined, second
slightly longer than third. Prothorax almost twice as wide
as the median length, sides narrowly margined and with a
slight apical projection ; punctures rather crowded and sharply
defined, but smaller than on head; with a feeble median line.
Elytra with well-defined rows of moderately large punctures
in feeble striae; the interstices with minute punctures. Hind
femora very stout, about twice as long as greatest width ; hind
tibiae tridentate on each upper edge, and with an apical spur;
basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the nee combined. Length,
23-3 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. eee T. 5227.

627

Readily distinguished from all previously described
Australian species of the genus by its elytra much paler than
the prothorax. On most of the specimens the hind femora
are rather deeply infuscated in the middle. Nine specimens
were taken at Ooldea by Capt. White; a specimen in rather
poor condition, apparently belonging to this species, was
taken between Karoonda and Peebinga by Mr. G. E. H.
Wright.

MEGAMERUS.

The sexual differences in this genus vary considerably
with the species. On the male of Aang: the apical joint of
each palpus is considerably dilated to the apex (subtriangular),
with the apex obliquely truncated and hollow; the basal
segment of its abdomen is shallowly grooved along the middle,
and the groove has denser clothing than on the adjacent parts
(on one male before me, however, the basal segment is not
grooved, and is but little less convex than on the female),
and the apical segment is feebly depressed in the middle. On
the female the apical joint of each palpus is much less
dilated (5°) (subelliptic), the basal segment of the abdomen is
strongly convex along the middle, and the apical segment is
nowhere depressed. The species varies considerably in size
(84-10$ mm.), and some specimens are more rugose than others.
It appears to be confined to Queensland, and has the hind
tibiae much more acutely produced at the outer apex than all
the other species here dealt with.

The type (9) of mandibularis is a male, with the apical
joint of each palpus even more dilated than on the male of
Kingi; the apical half of each mandible is highly polished,
subelliptic in shape, and deeper than wide; it appears to be
scooped out where it slopes upwards to the basal half; the
basal segment of the abdomen is vaguely depressed along the
middle, but is without special clothing there.

Two new species are here described; but I am also
acquainted with two others, of which one is very small (103
mm.) and represented by a single female from Queensland in
the National Museum; of the other there are two females
in the South Australian Museum from Derby and Menzies
(the specimen from the latter locality is 33 mm., larger than
any species of the family as yet recorded from Australia) ; the
larger species has mandibles much as on mandibularis and

(39) Jacoby, in Wytsman’s Gen. Insect. Fasc., xvi., p. 2,
assumed the shape of the apical joint of the palpi to be constant,
but it is liable to both sexual and specific variation.

(40) We are indebted to Mr. Kershaw, of the National
Museum, for a loan of the type.

628

femoralis, but the elytra even more rugose (strongly vermicu-
late) than on ventralis.
The described species may be thus tabulated :—
Mandibles much deeper than wide on apical half. :
Brown and front femora of male simple | .... mandibularis
Black and front femora of male carinated ... femoralis
Mandibles wider than deep on apical half.
Male with a Bere neue pad on basal segment
of abdomen .. Rr . | a hae BOL
Male without such a pad eS IeE th. :...% 2c: EEORG?

MEGAMERUS VENTRALIS, 0. sp.

d. Black and shining. Under-surface with moderately
dense stramineous pubescence, becoming condensed into a
conspicuous pad on middle of basal segment of abdomen; a
few long hairs about eyes, upper-lip with a conspicuous fringe
of golden setae.

IIead with moderately dense punctures, becoming crowded
in front. Mandibles coarsely sculptured about base, apical
half shining and lightly curved. Antennae moderately stout,
conspicuously passing hind coxae, eleventh joint about once
and one half the length of tenth, its tip conical and subappen-
diculate. Apical joint of each palpus rather stout, dilated
from base to about middle, and then parallel-sided to apex,
with a shallow depression near outer apex. Prothorax lightly
transverse, sides rather strongly rounded and widest near
apex ; irregularly depressed, wrinkled, and finely shagreened,
punctures sparser and somewhat smaller than on head.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, widest across shoulders ;
striation well-defined but somewhat irregular on sutural two-
thirds, ill-defined elsewhere; interstices irregularly trans-
versely impressed, and with a few punctures, becoming
vermiculate towards sides. Basal segment of abdomen widely
and shallowly depressed along middle, apical segment lightly
foveate. Legs comparatively short; hind femora strongly
angulate but scarcely dentate; hind tibiae conspicuously
dilated to apex. Length (3d, 9), 20-25 mm.

2. Differs in being stouter, eyes less prominent, antennae
not extending to hind coxae, basal segment of abdomen
evenly convex and without special clothing, apical segment
non-foveate, and angulation of hind femora less conspicuous.

Hab.—North-western Australia (Blackburn’s collection) ;
Western Australia (National Museum from C. French). Type
gd, I. 4153, in South Australian Museum; type 9, in
National Museum.

The specimen from the Blackburn collection is certainly
a male, but the apical joint of each of its palpi is much less

629

dilated to the apex than on the males of the other known
species, and scarcely differs from that of its own female; the
mandibles are sexually much alike, and without any striking
peculiarity. The tip of each antenna is somewhat reddish.
The elytra of mandibularis were described as “imaequaliter
punctulato-rugosis et fortiter transversim rugatis,’’ but they
are much less conspicuously rugose than those of the present
species, and have more conspicuous punctures; there are also
many other differences of the palpi, abdomen, etc.

MEGAMERUS FEMORALIS, D1. Sp.

¢. Black and highly polished. Under-surface moderately
clothed with stramineous pubescence, the abdomen more
sparsely than the sterna; with a few long hairs near eyes,
upper-lip with a very conspicuous fringe of golden setae.

Head with rather dense punctures, becoming crowded in
front, with a large irregular depression in front of antennae.
Mandibles coarsely punctured and concave at base; apical half
suddenly compressed so as to be deeper than wide, highly
polished and impunctate. Antennae long and thin, passing
hind coxae, tip subconical. Apical joint of each palpus
strongly dilated from base to apex, the apex slightly longer
than the inner side, but shorter than the outer. Prothorax
lightly transverse, sides strongly rounded and widest near
apex ; irregularly depressed, wrinkled, and finely shagreened,
the wrinkles deep and very conspicuous on the lower sides of
the base; punctures smaller and sparser than on head. Llytra
much wider than prothorax, widest across shoulders, with
somewhat irregular rows of distinct punctures, which towards
apex become transversely confluent, interstices also with
punctures. Basal segment of abdomen lightly impressed along
- middle; the apical segment wih a rather large fovea. Front
femora on one side towards apex somewhat scooped out, the
excavated portion bounded behind by a vertical ridge, hind
pair strongly angulate; hind tibiae strongly dilated to and
sinuous at apex. Length (d, 2), 24-26 mm.

Q. Differs in having less prominent eyes, much shorter
antennae, palpi with apical joint considerably narrower (but
still dilated from base to apex), abdomen strongly and evenly
convex along middle, legs somewhat shorter, with the excava-
tion and ridge of the front femora less distinct.

Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea, Murray River, Western
Australia: Cue. Type I. 8209.

On the male the apical joint of each palpus is much as
on mandibularis, but the subapical joint is considerably
stouter ; the mandibles are similar except that the apical half

630

of each is even more conspicuously scooped out, they scarcely
differ sexually; but the apical joint of each palpus on the
female is decidedly longer than wide. The species, however,
may be readily distinguished from mandibularis by the front
femora.

MOoNOLEPTA INTERRUPTA, N. Sp.

Head behind eyes, elytra, metasternum (except episterna
which are black), and abdomen metallic bluish-green; head
in front of eyes (the tip of muzzle infuscated), prothorax
and legs (parts of the tarsi lightly infuscated) flavous;
antennae (parts of four basal joints obscurely flavous), parts
of palpi and scutellum blackish. Under-surface and legs
sparsely pubescent.

Head with small punctures, with some irregular depres-
sions between eyes, and between antennae with three short
elevations, conjoined to form a thick Y. Antennae moderately
long and rather stout, second and third joints small and
subequal, their combined length scarcely equal to that of
fourth. Prothorar about twice as wide as long, each side of
base with a slight angular projection; with a rather deep
transverse impression, suddenly interrupted in middle; punc-
tures rather more distinct than on head. Elytra finely
shagreened; and with dense and rather small but sharply
defined punctures; epipleurae each traceable beyond the
middle to near apex as a narrow rim. Length, 35 mm.

Hab.—South Australia: Parachilna. Type (unique), I.
8207.

In Blackburn’s table (ante, 1896, pp. 100-102) would be
associated with pictifrons and occidentalis; from the former
it is distinguished by its larger size and metallic elytra, and
from the description of the latter by its smaller size, base of
head not of the same colour as the elytra, and by the four
basal joints of the antennae being only partly pale.

MonoLEpPTA DIvisA, Blackb., Parachilna.
M. TaRsALIs, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Parachilna.
TOMYRIS VIRIDULA, Er., Ooldea.

COCCINELLIDAE.

CocCINELLA TRANSVERSALIS, Fab., Cooper Creek, Ooldea,
Parachilna.

RHIZOBIUS LINDI, Blackb., Ooldea.

R. noctuasunpus, Lea, Frome Well, Lakes Crossing,
Parachilna.

R. PpuLcHER, Blackb., Ooldea.

SCYMNUS FLAVIFRONS, Blackb., Ooldea, Parachilna.

CyREMA NIGELLUM, Blackb., Ooldea.

631

(0) BOTANY.
By J. M. Buacx.
Pirates XXXVIII. ro XLIII.

This list comprises 153 species collected by Capt. S. A.
White in the course of the expedition, during September and
October, 1916. It records two species which are believed to
be new to science, in the genera Panicum and Helipterwm.
The other new records are :—

For South Australia—Kochia planifolia, F. v. M.;
Dicrastylis Costellor, F. M. Bailey.

For Tate’s District C—Calamagrostis aemula, Steud. ;
Alopecurus geniculatus, L.; Panicum divaricatissemum,
R. Br.; P. gracile, R. Br.; Heleocharis acuta, R. Br.; Blen-
nodia nasturtioides, Benth. ; Gnephosis cyathopappa, Benth. ;
Podolems Lessonii, Benth. ; Helipterum pygmaeum, Benth.

The country between Strzelecki Creek, Cooper Creek, and
the Diamantina was first explored by Capt. Charles Sturt,
and the plants collected were dealt with by Robert Brown in
a botanical appendix to vol. i. of the “Narrative of an
Expedition into Central Australia during the years 1844-46.”
The next collector in this district was A. C. Gregory, leader
of the Barcoo Expedition in search of Leichhardt. In 1858
he descended the Barcoo into South Australia and found it to
be identical with the Cooper Creek of Sturt. His plants were
enumerated in a report by Mueller. A. W. Howitt, leader
of the expedition for the relief of Burke and Wills, reached
Cooper Creek in September, 1861. In the third volume of his
“Fragmenta”’ (1863) Mueller mentions Dr. Wheeler and Dr.
J. Murray as botanical collectors in Howitt’s expedition, and
several of their plants are there recorded by him. Dr. H.
Beckler was botanist to the Burke and Wills expedition, but
did not advance further than the Barrier Range. The new
records made in this district by Mr. Rodney Cockburn in
June, 1916, have been mentioned in these Transactions, xl.,
459.

Alien species are indicated by an asterisk.

Additions in_ brackets are Capt. White’s field
notes. He writes:—‘‘The term ‘flooded ground’ does not
mean that the ground was under water at the time, but indi-
cates that it is hard soil periodically subject to floods, either

632
from the overflow of creeks or flats on to which the surround-
ing hills (mostly sandhills) throw the water during rain. Our
visit took place some few weeks after heavy rains.”’ :

MARSILEACEAE.

Marsilea Drummondu, A. Braun. ‘“‘Nardoo.’ Mount
Lyndhurst; between Innamincka and Kanowana,_ {Very
plentiful along the Strzelecki and Cooper Creek; in some
instances the leaves and fruit were very large. |

GRAMINEAE.

Bragrostis setifolia, Nees, ann. 1843 (H#. chaetophylla,
Steud., ann. 1855). Strzelecki Creek, 40 miles south-west of
Innamincka; Mungeranie. A grass varying in height from
20 to 50 cm. [A common grass growing round claypans and
waterholes ; also found in the valleys between sandhills.| 2.
Brownu, Nees. Six miles north-east of Farina. [Growing
in tussocks on stony tablelands.| ZH. faleata, Gaud. Murteree,
Strzelecki Creek. [Found growing on flooded ground; does
not seem to be relished by stock. |

Calamagrostis aemula, Steud. (Deyeura Forsterr, Roem.
et Schult.). Strzelecki Creek. [Often seen growing in a mass
round claypans which had recently held water. This grass is
eaten by stock. |

Alopecurus geniculatus, L. Strzelecki Creek; Mount
Hopeless. [Growing sparsely in a very poor country, 6'to §
inches high. |

Spnifex: paradoxus, Benth. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 1). Peter-
morra Spring. [A great sand-binder, covering hundreds ot
miles of sandhill country, and where it is not eaten down by
stock keeps the sand from drifting ; grows in large bushes up to
5 feet in height.} Capt. White states that the S. paradovus,
which covers miles of sandhills, is known among the white men
as “‘Cane-grass,’’ and he has never heard that name applied to
Glyceria ramigera. J. H. Maiden (Useful Nat. Pl. of Aust.,
90) and F. Turner (Aust. Grasses, p. xvi.) give the name of
“Cane-grass” to G'. ramigera.

Panicum divaricatissimum, R. Br., var. ammophilum,
F.v. M. Mungeranie. Lower spikelet of each pair pedicellate.
{Not a common grass; only found near the water flowing from
Mungeranie Bore.] VP. gracile, R. Br. Innamincka. [Only
met with in the one locality. |

Panicum Whitei, sp. nova (tab. «armx.), Gramen
verisimiliter perenne circiter 30 em. altum, caulibus gracilibus
erectis vel geniculatis, foliorum laminis lanceolatis 5 mm.
latis, vaginis nonnullis tuberculatis vel pilosis, ligulé brevi

633

ciliata, paniculae circiter 15 em. longae ramis alternis capil-
laribus divisis demum patentibus, rhachi communi pilis longis
obsitd, spiculis omnibus pedicellatis acuminatis 3 mm. longis,
glumaé infimad truncato-acuminatad I mm. longa subtiliter
3-nervid, glumis secundd et tertid subaequalibus 9-nerviis,
glumé tertid paleam inclusam triente superante, glumd fructi-
Tera fuscéd nitente 7-nervida.

Strzelecki Creek, south-west of Innamincka; Cooper
Creek, at. Cuttapirie Corner. There is also a specimen in the
Tate Herbarium from Cootenoorina Creek (west of Oodna-
datta), and placed under P. effuswm. Nearest to P. bicolor,
R. Br., from which it differs in the broader leaves, the hairy
rhachis of the panicle, the lowest glume only one-third as long
as the spikelet, and probably also in the distinct. nervation of
the fruiting glume. P. bicolor belongs to the coastal regions
of Eastern Australia, while the new species, named in honour
of the collector, is a desert grass. [Seen in many localities
growing on ground lately flooded by heavy rains; forms good-
sized clumps and stools out all round ; stock seem to relish it;
also forms a food for seed-eating birds. |

Astrebla pectinata, F. v. M. ‘Mitchell Grass,’’ East
ot Mungeranie; Mount Hopeless. [This grass was mostly
found growing on the tableland country. |

Chioris acicularis, Lindl. East of Mungeranie, Innamincka.
Spikelets larger than usual; second outer glume 7-10 mm. long ;
flowering glume 7-9 mm. long; leaves flat, scabrous down-
wards with minute, rigid hairs, visible under the lens; ligule
very short, ciliate. [Often found growing round the crab-
holes on tableland country, and attaining a height of 2 feet
at times. | |

Pollina fulva, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek; east of
Mungeranie.

Trivaphis mollis, R. Br., var. humilis, Benth. Inna-
mincka ; Mungeranie; Carraweena. I have also this variety
from Mount Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith). {This handsome-headed
grass was found on flooded ground. |

Pappophorum avenaceum, Lindl. Innamincka; Strze-
lecki Creek, south-west of Innamincka. [Met with in many
localities; seems to be of a dwarf nature.|

Diplachne loluformis, F. v. M. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana; Mount Hopeless. Dwarf specimens 6-10 cm.
high.

Bromus arenarius, Labill. Mount Lyndhurst.

*Trisetum pumilum, Kunth. At Mount Lyndhurst this
is a dwarf grass only 3 cm. high; at Woolshed Flat and
Hawker it grows with erect stems to a height of about 20 cm.,
and then much resembles another alien grass, Aoeleria

634

Michelu. {Found near dry watercourses on the tablelands;
introduced by sheep most likely. |

Aristida stipoides, R. Br. Between Innamincka and
Kanowana. [Growing amongst gibber stones. |

Stipa scabra, Lindl. Six miles north-east of Farina.
[Found growing in most stony localities. |

Glyceria ramigera, F. v. M. Cuttapirie Corner, Cooper
Creek. To the descriptions of this curious grass given by
Mueller and Bentham should be added: —Palea glabrous on
nerves, readily splitting into two halves; lodicules distinct :
grain oblong, loosely enclosed in the membranous pericarp.

Sporobolus actinocladus, F. v. M. Mount Hopeless. The
leaves of all my specimens of this species, and also of those
in the Tate Herbarium, are shortly scabrous-ciliate.

Triodia pungens, R. Br. “Porcupine grass.” Lake Peri-
gundi. Spikelets rather larger than in Bentham’s description
—10-12 mm. long, and the flowering glume 6-7 mm. long.
This species was found by Helms on the Arkaringa Creek in
1891, and has therefore been already recorded for South
Austraha. [Met with this plant at Lake Perigundi for the
first time; not in any quantity. |

Panicum leucophaeum, H. B. et K. Innamincka. [This
grass was growing amongst the stones on tablelands. |

Plagiosetum refractum, Benth. Fifteen miles west of
Innamincka. To the descriptions of Mueller and Bentham
should be added that the flattened panicle branches (or
peduncles of the involucres) sometimes bear 3 and even 4
spikelets. Where there are 4, the 2 central ones are arranged
on the central pedicel (or branch of the involucre), one near
its thickened base and the other at its summit, while the 2
others stand somewhat higher on lateral pedicels, and have
also bunches of the long involucral bristles behind them.
{This grass was met with in the sandhill country to the south
of the Cooper; stock eat it; only seen once or twice. |

Eriochloa punctata (L.), Hamilt. The typical form,
with spikelets 3-4 mm. long and pedicels and rhachis of spikes
minutely pubescent, was collected between Innamincka and
Kanowana. Then there is another form from Mungeranie,
with similar pubescence on pedicels and rhachis, but the
pedicels have also a few long hairs at the summit, and the
spikelets are 9-10 mm. long. I have exactly similar spikelets
from Oodnadatta. These specimens, with the outer glumes
three times as long as the type, would appear to constitute a
very marked variety, were it not that intermediate forms,
with the spikelets 5-8 mm. long, are to hand from Mount
Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith) and from Torrens Plain and Gidia
Creek (Tate Herbarium). These may, perhaps, represent /.

635

annulata, Kunth., var. aerotricha, Benth (Fl. Aust., vii.,
463), although nothing is there said which would imply spike-
lets as long as those under consideration. As the only tangible
distinction between 2. punctata and EF. annulata is a slight
difference in the hairiness of the axis of the panicle and its
branches, the two species should probably be united, but this
must be done under the name of #. punctata, and not of FL.
polystachya, H. B. et K. (ann. 1815), as advocated by
Mueller. This grass was originally called Milium punctatum,
L., Syst. ed. 10, 872 (1759), so that, when the species is trans-
ferred to Hriochloa, Hamilton’s name is correct. [Found
growing in the dry sandy beds of creeks, and in some instances
very luxuriantly; the typical form was found round the
margins of lakes and on flooded ground. |

CYPERACEAE.
Heleocharis acuta, R. Br. Strzelecki Creek. Spikelets
10-30 mm. long; hypogynous bristles usually 8-9. [Generally
found growing close to waterholes or near springs. |

PROTEACEAE.

Grevillea stenobotrya, F. v. M. Lake Perigundi. This
species was found in 1913 by Capt. White near Macumba
Station, which was its first record for South Australia proper.
Leaves 9-18 cm. long. [Found in the sandhill country ; trees
growing 15 to 20 feet high; flowers containing much honey ;
ground under bushes covered with thick mass of fallen
leaves. |

Hakea leucoptera, R. Br. (pl. xxxvii,, fig. 2). Mirra
Mitta Creek. [Sparsely distributed all over the sandhill
country, attaining a height of 15 to 20 feet. Many of these
‘needle bushes’’ were in full flower, and could be detected
at some distance by the sweet odour. I doubt if anything
will eat this bush except as a last resource from starvation. |

CHENOPODIACEAE.

Atriplex velutinellum, F. v. M. Murteree, Strzelecki
Creek. [Large bushes of this plant were seen, much new
growth having been made since the rain.] A. limbatum,
Benth. Between Innamincka and Kanowana. [A common
plant on the Cooper.| A. spongiosum, F. v. M. Innamincka.
[Following the good season, this saltbush had grown abund-
antly, making good stock feed.|]

Bassia paradoxa (R. Br.), F. v. M. Lake Perigundi ;
Mount Hopeless. What appears a very distinct, large-headed,
and broad-leaved form was gathered on the Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka, on September 29. The fruiting heads are

636

12-15 mm. in diameter, and the perianths, instead of the
usual spine at the base of each, or some of the lobes, have
a short blunt horn, while the leaves are 15-25 mm. long and
5-7 mm. broad. As the seeds are ripe and yet no spines are
apparent, this should perhaps be classed as a new variety,
but then we sometimes find spineless perianths in the norma!
form, so that it is advisable to await the results of further
research. Mueller (Frag., vi., 11) mentions that the leaves
of B. paradoxa sometimes attain a breadth of 6 mm. [Very
plentiful over most of the country, and camels seem to be the
only animals who will eat it, at least when the spiny fruiting
heads are formed.] 2. biflora (R. Br.), F. v. M. Murteree.
The form in which the flower-heads contain 3-4 perianths.
{A good deal of this plant was met with near to Strzelecki
Creek, growing mostly on low sandy country.] £B. lanicuspis.
F. v. M. Lake Perigundi. This is the form with 3-5 spines
to each fruiting perianth, as figured on pl. lxxx. of Mueller’s
“Salsolaceous Plants,” but not described anywhere, as far as
I know. The long hairs of the perianth and spines are some-
times fulvous, as in specimens from Tarcoola and Farina, or
white, as in those from Lake Perigundi; perianth-lobes erect,
2 mm. long; seed obliquely placed, gibbous at summit, owing
to the ascending radicle. B. sclerolaenoides, F. v. M. Mount
Hopeless.

Salsola Kali, L. Tinga-tingana; Strzelecki Creek.
{Growing in great masses on sandhills; young plants are deep
green, and as they dry off go brown, become detached from
the sand, and blow away, rolling for miles.|

Kochia aphylla, R. Br. Mount Hopeless. “A. coronata,
J. M. Black. Murteree; Strzelecki Creek. [Found mostly
on the tablelands.]| K. planifolia, F. v. M. Mount Lynd-
hurst ; Mount Hopeless; also Mount Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith) ;
between Moorilyanna Native Well and Everard Range (S. A.
White); Fowler Bay (Tate Herbarium). First record for
South Australia, although Mr. F. Turner noted it for the
Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, and figured it in his
“Forage Plants of Australia” (1891). It has probably been
confused in the past with K. sedifolia, F. v. M. (“Bluebush’’),
from which it differs in its flatter and shortly-stalked leaves.
All my specimens have a stellate tomentum on the lobes and
tube of the perianth, and if this is constant, it should form
another means of distinguishing this species from K. sedifolia
and villosa. |Most abundant on tablelands. |

Chenopodium auricomum, Lindl. Caraweena. Stem-
leaves mostly hastate and very obtuse. [Growing in the dry
bed of the Strzelecki Creek near a soakage well to the height
of 4 feet.] Ch. nitrariacewm, F. v. M. Cuttapirie Corner.

637

{A common bush on the country over which the Cooper over-
flows at times; attains the height of 8 to 10 feet.]

Enchylaena tomentosa, R. Br. Lake Perigundi. [This
was rather a common bush round Lake Perigundi, and it was
in full fruit at the time, the berries forming food for many
birds. |

AMARANTACEAE.

Ptilotus latifoliuws, R. Br. East of Mungeranie. [On
stony tablelands in one locality only. |

Trichintum alopecurodeum, F.v. M. Murteree. [Large
bushes of this plant were common in the sandhill country. |

Alternanthera nodiflora, R. Br. Strzelecki Creek, near
Innamincka. [Common plant, found in or close to water. |

AIZOACEAE.

Aizoon quadrifidum, F.v. M. (pl. xl., figs. 1, 2). “Native
Iceplant.”’ Sandhills between Cuttapirie Corner and Kanowana.
{This plant grew in dense round bushes 12 to 18 inches high, a
few acres on the sand presenting a lovely sight in the mass of
star-shaped white flowers with the appearance of being
sprinkled with sparkling water. |

Mollugo hirta, Thunb. Innamincka. [This very pretty
flowering plant was not common. |

PORTULACACEAE.

Portulaca australis, Endl.(?) Leaves oblong with short
stipular hairs; flowers 3-4, sessile in clusters among floral
leaves; sepals about 7 mm. long; petals yellow, about 12 mm.
long; stamens over 30; style 6-7 mm. long; style-branches 4,
shorter than the style.

Calandrinia balonnensis, Lindl.(?) Kanowana. This
has all the characters of the species, except that the seeds are
smooth and shining, instead of concentrically reticulate, and
the styles are free. It is perhaps the plant with 5 petals
which Mueller records as having been found between Youldeh
(Ooldea) and Charlotte Waters and near Wills Creek, and
which he considered was either a very similar species to (.
pleiopetala, or a variety of the same. {This “parakilia” was
not nearly so plentiful as one would imagine it would be in
that sandy country; no doubt this is due to rabbits, over-
stocking, and the drought. |

CRUCIFERAE.

Blennodia_ lasiocarpa, F. v. M. Murteree; Tuinga-
tingana: sandhills 15° miles west of Innamincka. The pods

638

from the last-named locality are pubescent with short stellate
hairs. [Has a wide range, and was met with all over the
sandhill country.] £. canescens, R. Br. (pl. xh., fig. 1). Lake
Blanche. The lnear-cylindrical pods are sometimes 5 cm.
long. The specimens agree with other northern ones except
that the seeds are bordered by a rather broad wing, while
those of the type are, as usual in the genus, quite wingless.
I therefore propose calling this variety pterosperma. Capt.
White says the flowers resemble those of a garden stock and
vary from white to pink. 6. tmsecta, Benth. Mount Lynd-
hurst. [Only met with in the stony country.] 2B. carda-
minoides, F. vy. M. Tinga-tingana, Strzelecki Creek. These
far-northern specimens are more or less covered with rather
long, simple or forked hairs, otherwise they agree with
specimens from the Murray which have the typical stellate
pubescence. [Common plant, eaten by goats and sheep. |
B. nasturtioides, Benth. Lake Blanche.

Menkea sphaerocarpa, F. vy. M. Lake Blanche; Mount
Lyndhurst. Mueller, in his original description, says the
petals are purple; Tate, in his Extratrop., Fl. S. Austr., 17,
says “petals yellow.’’ The dried petals in our specimens
appear distinctly yellow.

Lemdium phlebopetalum, F. v. M. Trinity Well. JL.
papillosum, F. v. M. Trinity Well; Innamincka; Mount
Hopeless. [Widely distributed; found growing throughout
the country, and varies much as to size. |

CAPPARIDACEAE.

Capparis Mitchellu, Lindl. “Native Orange.” Cooper
Creek. [Several of these trees were met with, generally on
the edge of the sandy country; the branches are thickly
covered with sharp recurved spines; a shapely tree. |

PITTOSPORACEAE.

Pittosporum phillyraeoides, DC. East of Mungeranie.
The usual narrow-leaved, small-fruited form found in the Far
North. [Small clumps of these shrubs were met with on stony
tablelands, covered in bright-orange fruit, often attaining a
height of 20 feet. |

LEGUMINOSAE.

» Trigonella suavissima, Lindl. Murteree; between Inna-
mincka and Kanowana. [Found growing in damp localities
along the creek and near waterholes. |

Lotus australis, Andr., var. parviflorus, Benth. Lake
Blanche. [Fairly plentiful on the lower Strzelecki; growing
in other bushes for protection from stock. |

639

Psoralea patens, Jaindl. Mirra Mitta Creek. [This
common plant was growing in great abundance along the
creeks and lakes.] P. errantha, Benth. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana. [Bushes up to 2 feet in height, and covered
in blossom were found growing in the sandhills. |

Swainsona campylantha, F. v..M. Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka; Mount Hopeless; Devils Village, near
Mount Lyndhurst. Bentham appears to have seen only the
very young pod, which he describes as “‘sessile and glabrous.”
The ovary is almost sessile, but is silky-pubescent (as has
been already noted by Mueller, Fragm., 11., 46). The half-
ripe pods on our specimens have attained a length of 25 mm.,
are becoming glabrous, are ripening only 2-3 seeds, and taper
at the base into a stipes of 4-5 mm. The standard is not
orbicular, but always considerably broader than long. The
specimens from Devils Village are only 15 cm. high. [Met
with in many localities, and varies in height according to
richness of soil; those plants found in watercourses reach
4 or 5 feet high, while on poor stony soil only a few inches. |
S. phacoides, Benth. Between Innamincka and Kanowana;
Lake Blanche. |Met with in many localities; strange to say,
in nearly every instance the leaves had dropped off or had
been eaten off by insects, leaving the bare flower-stems.| SN.
procumbens, F. v. M. Mount Hopeless. A small, apparently
erect form, with about 9 leaflets, keel twice as long as wings,
and the spirally-twisted style at least twice as long as the
ovary. 8S. oligophylla, F. v. M. Strzelecki Creek, south-west
of Innamincka. [This seems to be a stunted species growing
in small clumps.] 8S. microphylia, A. Gray. Tinga-tingana ;
Caraweena. {Not a common plant; found in one or two
places in the sandhills; grows to 12 or 18 inches high.] At
Farina was collected a puzzling specimen, with the small
flowers of S. /essertafolia but a thicker style, 7 blunt linear
leaflets, like some forms of S. phacifolia, but narrow stipules.

Crotalaria Cunninghamii, R_ Br., n. var. trifoliolata.
Variat folus nonnullis trifoliolatis. “Stuart Pea.’’ Strzelecki
Creek. The discovery of this variety proves that C. Cunning-
hami, like C’. dissitiflora, may have either 1 or 3 leaflets. Our
specimen shows only the upper part of the stem: the upper-
most leaf consists of 1 leaflet, the next 3 leaves are of 3 leaflets
each, the lateral ones rather smaller than the terminal. In
all other respects the specimen agrees with the type. [Small
patches were met with, but not in any great quantities. |

Cassia Sturtu, R. Br. Mount Lyndhurst; Mungeranie.
Leaflets in 2-3 pairs, obovate-oblong, grey-tomentose, with
a conspicuous depressed gland between each pair: pods not

640

yet ripe, very flat, many of them 15-18 mm. broad. A
form very near C’. desolata, F. v. M., but very hairy, and
the leaflets usually in 3 pairs. There is a specimen from |
Murteree, with the leaves ,similarly clothed, but narrower
and in 3-4 pairs. [Many bushes were met with covered in
large, flat green seed-pods, while at other times they were
a blaze of yellow blossoms.| C. eremophila, A. Cunn. Mur-
teree. [A common shrub, covered at the time in bright,
sweet-smelling blossoms; in some instances grew 6 or 7 feet
high. |

Bauhinia Carronu, F. v. M. “Queensland Bean.”
Caraweena. | Met with on the Strzelecki Creek at Birkett’s
Woolshed Waterhole for the first time, after which they
were plentiful all the way to the Cooper ; a shapely tree of
dark-green foliage, and in some instances covered in bean-
pods. We met with it for a considerable way down the
Cooper. |

Acacia brachystachya, Benth. (A. cibaria, F. v. M.).
“Mulga.” Near Mirra Mitta Creek (fruiting) ; Kanowana (in
flower). Phyllodes 4-10 cm. long x2 mm. broad; pods com-
pressed, 2-6 cm. long x 6-7 mm. broad; valves pubescent
and marked with broad, yellowish, branching nerves; seeds
longitudinal and 2 to 3 in each pod; funicle almost as in
A. aneura. |This is the most common species of the genus,
but in many places it has been badly punished by stock,
being killed off in some localities.} A. Oswaldu, F. v. M.
Murteree; Carraweena; Cuttapirie Corner; Lake Perigundi—
Phyllodes narrow, young ones silver-pubescent; Mount
Lyndhurst—Phyllodes broader, young ones golden-pubescent.
[A low shrub, often found on the banks of dry watercourses ;
foliage thick and often weeping in habit.]| A. cteaphylla,
F. v. M. Devils Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. [Shrubs
8 to 10 feet high; were seen along watercourses; .they were
all covered in large seed-pods.] A. salicona, Lindl. (pl. xli.,
fig. 2). Mount Hopeless; Lake Perigundi. [Growing in
sandhill country to the height of 8 feet, umbrella-shaped,
drooping over from the top, almost in the form of a mushroom.
Those growing on the tablelands scarcely seem to be the same
species. They are shrubs of straggling and open growth, quite
different in external appearance from those on the sandhills. |

Nore on Acacia salicina anv A. varians.—As stated above
by Capt. White, 4. salicina varies remarkably, and not only
in the compact or diffuse arrangement of the branches, but
in several other characters. While, however, its variability
is acknowledged, [ would here suggest that we confine the
name to the shrubby growths, and no longer treat a fine tree
like the Native Willow as a variety of the Umbrella Bush.

641

An endeavour is here made to distinguish satisfactorily
between the two species.

A. varians, Benth. (A. salicuna, Lindl., var. varians,
Benth.), The “Native Willow,” or “Broughton Willow,” of
South Australia ; the “Cooba,’’ of New South Wales. A large
tree, 6-12 m. high, inhabiting moist situations, especially
the flats along running creeks or rivers. Near the Rocky
River I have found the trunk up to 50 cm. in diameter. The
branches start a long way above the base ; the branchlets droop
gracefully towards the ground. The flower-heads are few
and pale yellow; some of the racemes are slightly branched
and leafy, so that the inflorescence is really a small, droop-
ing, leafy panicle. The pods are thick and woody, with obtuse
edges, and without any or with very slight constriction
between the seeds; the ripe valves do not break transversely
between the seeds, as do those in d4. salicina. The pods ate
few, and I think this paucity of flowers and fruit is due to
the fact that A. varians propagates itself principally by
suckers, which form young plants around the parent stem ;
at least that is my experience with trees growing near the
Rocky River. Habitat—The Broughton River and _ its
affluent, the Rocky, between Laura and Gladstone; Baroota
Creek, where it issues from the Flinders Range; Mount
Lyndhurst (Max Koch); Oodnadatta and further north (S.
A. White); and probably in many other parts of the State.
I have not seen it on the Murray, but it should be found
there, as it has been reported from that river in Victoria,
and from its tributaries, the Darling and Lachlan, in New
South Wales. The type was collected by Mitchell in 1846
on the Balonne River, Queensland. When reducing it to
var. vurians (Fl. Aust., 11., 367), Bentham wrote:—‘“It is
generally a very distinct form, and it is with some hesitation
that I have followed F. Mueller in considering it a variety
only of A. salicina.”” Bentham gave this opinion on herbarium
specimens; if he had seen the Native Willow and the
Umbrella Bush in their Australian home it is probable that
he would have persisted in treating A. varians as a separate
species. Capt. White has furnished me with the following
interesting note: —“Of course it is very difficult to judge the
natural growth of acacias in a country which has once been
stocked, because all kinds of stock will feed upon them, and
camels are specially fond of acacias, and can usually reach
the topmost branches. There is a tree much resembling the
Native Willow growing in the country north and west of
Oodnadatta, and, for all I know, it may be the Willow grow-
ing in a dry country, but I thought it differed somewhat
from the tree known as the Native Willow, and growing at

Vv

642

the southern end of the Flinders Range. The people north
of Oodnadatta call the tree in question the ‘Native Willow,’
and there is a ‘Willow Well,’ so named from two of these
fine trees growing close by.”” I may add that the specimens
brought back by Capt. White from Dalhousie Springs and
Oodnadatta have the pod of A. varians, and in his field notes
with reference to the same he says:—‘‘The Native Willow
grows into quite a tree, 40 feet or so high, with very elegant
drooping foliage, and is always found where there is
moisture.”’

A. salicona, Lindl. The “Umbrella Bush,” at least as
regards its more compact forms. Always a shrub, although
sometimes a large one, usually 2-4 m. in height; all the
branches rigid, the lowest ones springing from near the base
and their ends sometimes sweeping the ground, the branchlets
spreading or ascending. Flower-heads bright yellow, 1-5, in
numerous short racemes; pods rigid, more or less constricted
between the seeds, with acute edges, and the ripe valves
splitting readily between the seeds. Appears to propagate
itself only by seeds. Grows in dry places and often in very
dry country, from Robe to the northern boundary of the
State, extending eastward to Renmark and westward at least
as far as Ooldea. The pods, even on the same plant, display
remarkable variety in the amount of constriction. A small,
compact, maritime form, of Kangaroo Island and Yorke
Peninsula and Port Lincoln, with oblong-linear leaves and
valves thinner and uniformly constricted between the seeds,
has been distinguished by Mr. J. H. Maiden as var. Il ayae
(these Trans., xxxii., 277, and For. Fl. N.S. Wales, iv., 146)
with a height of 3-6 feet (1-2 m.), but it should be observed
that fruiting specimens from Outer Harbour and Dublin, sub-
mitted to Mr. Maiden and identified as var. IVayae, have
most of the leaves lanceolate, as in the type, while the height
of the shrubs at Outer Harbour is 3-4 m., and they show
considerable diversity in the compact or loose arrangement
of the branches. The difficulty of the whole subject is some-
what increased by the scientific name. One would suppose
prima facie that the “curious willow-like acacia” found by
Major Mitchell near Oxley, on the Lachlan, in 1836, and
described by Lindley as A. salicina, was the Cooba, or Native
Willow, but Bentham judged his specimens of 4. varians to
be distinct from A. salicina, and Maiden also (For. FI.
N.S. Wales, iv., 146) has no doubt on the subject. It would
help very much to elucidate the question if some New South
Wales botanist or collector would follow in the tracks of
Mitchell and obtain, if it is possible at the present day, co-
types and photographs of the original plant.

643

GERANIACEAE.

Geranium dissectum, L. Kopperamanna; Devils Village,
near Mount Lyndhurst. [Distributed over the whole country ;
varies much in size, according to rainfall and soil.|

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.

Zygophyllum fruticulosum, DC. Clayton Creek (flower-
ing); Lake Perigundi (beginning to fruit). The capsules are
often only 1-seeded by abortion, as in some specimens from
the Murray. [Forming large bushes on the shores of some of
the salt lakes.] Z. Howittw, F. v. M. Carraweena; Strzelecki
Creek. [Found growing in dry, sandy bed of the creek.|
Z. iodocarpum, F. v. M. Devils Village, near Mount Lynd-
hurst. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally; radicle oblique.
{Common over the whole country; varies much in size.| Z.
hybridum, Tate. Mount Hopeless. Peduncles’ erect, rigid,
slender, nearly twice as long as the capsules, which open
loculicidally ; endocarp finally separating. [Common plant,
both on high or low lands; about 3 to 4 inches. |

Tribulus hystrix, R. Br. Innamincka—the comparatively
small-flowered form; Tinga-tingana—petals 3 cm. long. [This
lovely flowering plant is fond of the sand, where it. grows into
a low bush 8 or.10 inches high and 2 feet across; covered in
bright-yellow blossoms.|] 7. terrestris, L. Mount Hopeless.
{Met with on stony country. |

Nitraria Schoberi, L. Clayton Creek; Lake Blanche.
{Large bushes of this plant in full fruit were seen on all
saline creeks cr margins of lakes.|

HKUPHORBIACEAE.

Euphorbia Drummondi, Boiss. Mungeranie. [This
poisonous plant was seen in quantities on the tablelands. It
is attractive, with bright-red stems and foliage at times ;
grows very flat on the ground.].

SAPINDACEAE.

Dodonaea viscosa, L. Innamincka. [This hopbush was
met with east of Innamincka.! 7). microzyga, F.v. M. Devils
Village.

MALVACEAE.

Plagianthus glomeratus, Benth. Lake Perigundi. [Only
seen in one locality; the plant was from 12 to 15 inches high. |

Sida corrugata, Lindl. Murteree, var. trichopoda, Benth.
Mirra Mitta Creek; between Innamincka and Kanowana;
Kopperamanna. [Bushes growing on the flooded ground from
18 inches to 2 feet high. |

v2

644

Malvastrum spicatum, A. Gray. Mungeranie; Mirra
Mitta Creek. [This low bush with bright orange flowers was
often met with along the watercourses. |

Lavatera plebera, Sims. Murteree. |The “marshmallow”
was growing very luxuriantly on swampy ground near water-
holes, etc., often reaching the height of 5 or 6 feet, the pale-
pink blossoms making a pretty picture. |

Abutilon Mitchellu, Benth.(?) Carpels 7, as long as
the calyx-tube, 2-3-seeded, villous at outer angle and covered
with tubercles ending in short spreading hairs; seeds sparsely
pubescent. A. Frasert, Hook. Trinity Well; Mount Hope-
less. Flowers male only; similar specimens from Arkaringa
(Miss Staer) suggest that this plant may sometimes be
dioecious. [This charming, buttercup-like flower was met
with in many places on the high ground and along the creeks ;
the bushes were often as high as 3 feet.|

FRANKENIACEAE.

Frankema serpyllifolia, Lindl. Murteree; Innamincka:
Mount Hopeless; Carraweena. [Beautiful shapely bushes of
this plant were ‘often met with covered in bright-pink
blossoms. |

THYMELAEACEAE.

Pimelea simplex, F. v. M. Mount Lyndhurst. The
heads remain compact after flowering, but the leaves and
branches are sprinkled with long hairs, showing an approach
to P. sericostachya, F. v. M. Except for the compact fruiting
head it resembles closely my P. continua, and it is possible
that the latter may prove to be only a variety or form with
the fruiting rhachis unusually lengthened. [Found growing
on the tableland country. |

MYRTACEAE.

Melaleuca glomerata, F. v. M. Petermorra Springs.
{The trees were growing in clumps amongst the mound springs
upon raised ground; evidently the surrounding country had
been blown away to a lower level.|

Eucalyptus microtheca, F. v. M. “Swamp Box.” Cutta-
pirie Corner, Cooper Creek. [Lining all creeks and growing
on flooded ground. It was under one of these trees that Burke
died. |

HALORRHAGIDACEAE.

Halorrhagis heterophylla, Brongn., var. aspera, Schindl.
(H. aspera, Lindl.). Murteree; Strzelecki Creek; between
Innamincka and Kanowana. From Innamincka itself there
is a small specimen with some ripe fruits, which are coarsely

645

rugose-alveolate in the lower part. [Often met with along
the Cooper; 6 to 10 inches tall. ]

‘UMBELLIFERAE.

Didiscus glaucifolius, F. v. M. Tinga-tingana {Found
growing in the bed of the creek in damp sand. |

CONVOLVULACEAE.

Convolvulus erubescens, Sims. Mount Lyndhurst.
[Found growing in centre of bushes; otherwise it would be
exterminated by stock. |

BoORRAGINACEAE.

Trichodesma Zeylanicum, R. Br. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana. [Not a common plant; only seen once or
twice; the larger plants were from 18 inches to 2 feet high.]

Echinospermum concavum, F. v. M. Lake Perigundi.
{There was a quantity of this bush round the edge of the
sand at high-water mark; it was about a foot high, and
stuck to the clothing when we passed through it.]

VERBENACEAE.

Dicrastylis Costello, F. M. Bailey (pl. xli.). Lake
Perigundi. One of Capt. White’s specimens was forwarded
to Mr. C. T. White, Acting Government Botanist of Queens-
land, who considers, after comparison with the types, that it
differs from D. Costelloi, especially as regards the clothing of
the plant. It is quite true that the clothing of our speci-
mens is looser and more woolly, especially on the branches,
but desert plants vary so much in this respect, and the flowers
are so exactly alike, that I have placed them, at least pro-
visionally, under the name quoted above. The plate shows
a drawing and details of a small type-specimen kindly given
me by Mr. White, also one of the specimens from Lake Peri-
gundi, and also one from Lake Eyre, preserved (under the
name J). Beveridge:), in the Schomburg Herbarium, which
is remarkably like the Queensland type. It is quite possible
that ). Costelloi may ultimately have to be reduced to a
white-flowered variety of ). Beveridge, F. v. M. Our speci-
mens of the latter from Ooldea seem to differ only in the
golden tomentum of the flowers, and in the leaves darker
above, owing to some of the hairs wearing off. [Some good-
sized bushes were met with near Lake Perigundi, and attracted
attention by the very light colouration of leaves, flowers, and
stems. Grew from 18 inches to 2 feet high. |

646

LABIATAE.

Teucrium racemosum, R. Br. Murteree; Cuttapirie
Corner. Var. tripartitum, F. v. M. Tinga-tingana. Our
specimens of the variety are small, erect plants about 12 cm.
high, with the 3 leaflets quite distinct in most cases, and this
trifoliolate system extending to the summit of the raceme.
{This bluish-grey plant was met with on the Strzelecki Creek
in one place only, and on Cooper Creek it stood 12 to 18
inches high. |

Mentha australis, R. Br. Murteree. [Found growing in
and near water. |

SOLANACEAE.

Solanum lacunarium, F. v. M. Mount Lyndhurst. A
small slender plant scarcely 10 cm. high, conspicuous by its
bright orange-red spines. 8S. oligacanthum, F. v. M.
Kanowana; Cuttapirie Corner; Carraweena. Many of the
leaves have a single prickle on the upper face. [Did not meet
with this plant in any quantity till we were well down on the
Cooper ; one odd plant was seen at Carraweena. |

Nicotiana suaveolens, Lehm. Mount Lyndhurst. Small
plants flowering when only 6-10 cm. high; corolla 15 mm.
long. {Met with in many localities, mostly on flooded ground
near creeks; this seems to be a very stunted form.|

SCROPHULARIACEAE.
Morgania floribunda, Benth. Lake Blanche.

MYoOPORACEAE.

Myoporum refractum, Maiden et Betche. Mount Hope-
less. Corolla with a few scattered hairs inside, thus con-
firming Max Koch’s observation (Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr.,
xxll., 76). The calyx-lobes, very broad and subcordate at
base, vary from 4 to 5 in number, the corolla-lobes from 4
-to 8, and the stamens from 4 to 5. [Large bushes up to
3 feet high were met with on the stony tablelands and some-
times on the banks of dry watercourses. |

Eremophila Freelingu, F. v. M. Petermorra Spring ;
Devils Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. [Bushes much broken
down by stock were met with in the broken country.] J.
maculata, F. v. M. Strzelecki Creek, south-west of Inna-
mincka; Murteree. [This species seems to be relished by
stock; many bushes were laden with large green fruit.] JZ.
longifolia, F. v. M. Murteree. [Many of these shrubs were
growing along the Strzelecki Creek, but they .were much
broken down by stock.] #. MacDonnell, F. v. M. Koppera-
manna; Kanowana. [This is one of the smallest of the species

647

met with;. not a common plant; only attains the height of
' a few feet; it has a very handsome flower.| £. alternifolia,
R. Br. Mount Lyndhurst. [Met with on the stony country. |

CAMPANULACEAE.

Isotoma petraea, F. v. M. Innamuincka. [Growing
amongst the rocks; the natives say if this plant is held near
the face it will affect the eyesight. |

GOODENIACEAE.

Scaevola collaris, F.v. M. Wake Perigundi. Fruit about
10 mm. long, and the neck or beak surmounting it 7-8 mm.
long. [This was the only. time it was met with; large
bushes, 2 feet high, covered in fruit.] S. humilis, R. Br.
Between Innamincka and Kanowana. Apparently the same
form as that collected by Hergolt at Wonnomulla (50 miles
west of Lake Torrens) and mentioned by Bentham (FI. Aust.,
iv., 100). The hairs at the back of the indusium are white
and not as long as the latter. [A common plant along the
Strzelecki Creek, growing about a foot in height; a very
round and shapely bush. |

Goodenia cycloptera, R. Br. Kopperamanna; Tinga-
tingana. [| This plant was fairly common around Tinga-
tingana, but was only seen once afterwards: found close to
the creek. |

CoMPOSITAE.

Angianthus pusillus, var. polyanthus, Benth. East of
Mungeranie. Partial heads 4-7-flowered. [Widely distributed
over tablelands and flooded country alike. |

Craspedia, pleiocephala, F. v. M. Devils Village, near
Mount Lyndhurst; Mount Hopeless. As in other specimens
of this species, it is quite the exception for the compound
flower-head to have a second one associated with it at its
base. In poor ground the plant may grow not more than
5 cm. high, with a single erect stem bearing one compound
head, but usually it branches from the base and stands 15-25
em. high. |Growing very thickly in places like a carpet of
gold.| CO. chrysantha, Benth. Heads globular: Cuttapirie
Corner, Cooper Creek. Heads ovoid or oblong: Mungeranie ;
Ambuginia Creek. [These plants, like the preceding species,
give a most pleasing aspect to the country when growing in
masses. I am of opinion that the plant bearing the ovoid
heads is a distinct variety to that bearing the globular heads.
They are found growing in, distinct colonies.] The difficulty
about describing a variety of this species (which was not
attempted by Bentham) is that all the characters except the

648

shape of the flower-heads are exactly the same. The globular
heads are 8-10 mm. in diameter; the others are 10-20 mm.
long, and vary from ovoid to oblong. The plants seem usually
about 10 cm. high, but some specimens, brought by R. Cock-
burn from the Birdsville track, are 22 cm. high, with heads
distinctly oblong.

Note on ('. plevocephala anv C'. chrysantha.—These two
species are easily distinguished by their general appearance,

although the characters which divide them are not very
marked. They may be defined as follows : —

C’. pleiocephala. C. chrysantha.

Leaves oblong-cuneate, sprinkled Leaves linear, white - woolly,
with hairs, but green. becoming glabrous with age.
Bracts of general involucre Bracts of general involucre quite

greenish and more or less hidden.
conspicuous.
Corolla-lobes long, about 4} the Corolla-lobes short, about % the
length of the corolla. length of the corolla.
Pappus-bristles 9-12, free. Pappus-bristles 10-16, united in

a ring at base.
The clustered compound heads attributed to C. pleiocephala
are a somewhat deceitful distinction, as there is sometimes,
although very rarely, a second head at the base of the large
one in ('. chrysantha.

Calotis multicauls. (Turez. ann., 1851), J. Me Black
(C. plumulifera, F. v. M., ann, 1859). Murteree. A form
with narrow leaves and almost glabrous achenes, thus showing
an approach to C. porphyroglossa, F. v. M., but the rays of
our specimens appear to be white, and they have neither the
hairiness nor the broad-cuneate leaves of porphyroglossa.
{Growing in tufts on the flooded ground 4 or 5 inches high. |

Calocephalus platycephalus, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek ;
Kanowana. The outer bracts of the partial heads are about
12; they have yellow, somewhat spreading tips, are woolly
along the midrib, and are affixed at the base of the conical
partial receptacle, which has a short stipes. The inner bracts
of the partial heads are nearly as numerous, very deciduous,
with minute yellow tips and no wool; flowers in each partial
head 16-20, united among themselves by the pappus of 7-10
weak, flexuose bristles with long distant barbs, penicillate
at summit, and united at the base in a ring. When the
compound heads are in full flower, the partial heads show
out quite distinctly. |This plant grew in great masses, and
the bright yellow flowers were quite dazzling in the sunlight.
It is distributed over a wide area, and grows into a small
bush from 12 to 18 inches high. ]

Gnephosis cyathopappa, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek;
Innamincka. [A common plant, mostly growing on low land

649

subject to flooding.| G. eriocarpa, Benth. Mount Hopeless ;
Ambuginia Creek. In addition to the particulars given in
these Trans., xl., 461, it should be remarked that the com-
pound heads attain a diameter of 10 mm., and consist of
numerous primary partial heads or involucres consisting of a
few woolly bracts without laminae, and each containing about
5 secondary 1-flowered partial heads. The involucre of these
1-flowered heads consists of 5-6 oblanceolate scarious concave
bracts united by their wool, with green midribs and small
almost colorless tips, and of 1 still narrower subtending bract.
[Great quantities of this plant were found growing upon
flooded ground. During the latter part of our travels, in
October, it had dried off, and was invariably used by many
species of birds in nest-building. |

Gnephosis skirrophora, Benth. Mount Lyndhurst. This
species has a wide range in South Australia, extending from
Mannum, on the River Murray, to Dalhousie Springs, beyond
Oodnadatta, and westward through the Gawler Ranges to
Minnipa and Murat Bay. While exploring in the neighbourhood
of Lake Eyre in 1872, Ernest Giles collected a plant which was
described by Mueller in his Fragmenta, ix., 2 (February,
1875), as Angianthus codonopappus—“Gnephosis codono-
pappus (sic), F. M. coll.,” being given as a synonym. In
the Ist Census (1882) the name appears as “G'. codonopappa,
F. v. M., in Giles, geog. trav., 217 (1875).’’ This plant has
‘only been described twice—once from the specimen which
reached Mueller, and once, very shortly, by Tate (FI.
Extratrop. S.A., 128). G. skirrophora has been described
by Sonder and Mueller (Linn., xxv., 490); Bentham (FI.
Aust., iti., 570); Tate (l.c.); Moore (Fl. N.S.W., 288), and

Mueller (Key Vict. Pl., 334).

If these descriptions are com-

pared, the characters appear as follows: —

G. skirrophora.
A woolly-white annual.
Leaves narrow-linear.
Compound heads globular, 3-4
lines diameter, surrounded by
small, scarious, woolly bracts.
Receptacle convex.
Involucral bracts slightly woolly

at the top, with a_ small,
spreading, ovate, coloured
lamina.

Partial heads 1-flowered.

Pappus a cylindrical cup, toothed
or jagged, nearly half as long
as the corolla (Bentham).
Pappus tubular towards the
base, lobed towards the sum-
mit (Mueller).

G. codonopappa.

A woolly-tomentose annual.

Leaves terete-linear.

Compound heads globular, 4
lines diameter, exceeding the
very short floral leaves.

Receptacle depressed.

Involucral bracts shortly bearded
below the very short, acute,
vellow lamina.

Partial heads 1-flowered.

Pappus cylindrical-campanulate,
almost truncate or very shortly
lobed, somewhat shorter than
the corolla.

650

It is very difficult to resist the suspicion that Mueller, in
describing G. codonopappa as an Angianthus, had for the
moment forgotten the existence of G. skirrophora. The pro-
bability is strengthened by the fact that he does not compare
his new species at all with G. shirrophora, but merely says
that “it will stand in the vicinity of G. cyathopappa,” a
species which is well distinguished by having two flowers to each
partial head. It may be mentioned that the receptacle of
G. skirrophora is both “convex”? and ‘‘depressed,” that is
to say, it is cushion- or buffer-shaped, and almost flat on the
broad summit. Tate's description is evidently a mere abridge-
ment of Mueller’s, for the Tate Herbarium contains no speci-
men named G'. codonopappa. The question was submitted to
Professor Ewart, who very kindly examined the specimens in
the National Herbarium of Victoria, and came to the con-
clusion that G. codonopappa is a separate species, distinguished
from G. skirrophora by having the pappus-cup less lobed, the
bracts of the partial involucre more acute, the receptacle less
hairy and more flattened, the bracts as long as or longer than
the flowers, and the leaves more crowded. So variable is the
pappus of G. shirrophora in length and degree of lobing that
I can attach no importance to that distinction, but in the
type-specimen which Prof. Ewart kindly lent me, the leaves
were much crowded, the receptacle had shorter hairs, and the
bracts were more acute and a trifle longer than is usual in
G. skirrophora. It was a small plant, 7 cm. high, with short
stem and 3 branches, and as the flowers were only in bud
I could not judge of their length in comparison with that
of the bracts. But as regards the short-haired receptacle and
more acute bracts it agreed with specimens in my herbarium
from Dalhousie Springs and Mount Lyndhurst. These, how-
ever, have the limb of the corolla exserted from the bracts,
just as in G. skirrophora. The type specimens of G. codono-
pappa seem to be dwarfed by the barren and arid character
of the country near Lake Eyre, and at most to be scarcely
more than a variety of G. skirrophora. Further material
would be very welcome to throw more light on the question.
It may be added that Angianthus codonopappus is recorded
by Mueller in Journ. Bot., xv., 303 (1877), as having been
found by Giles on his journey westward in 1875 “between
boundary line and Victoria Springs.” This locality is in
Western Australia, but in both the Ist and 2nd Census G.
codonopappa is only recorded for South Australia.
Helipterum moschatum, Benth. Murteree; Innamincka ;
Kanowana; Mount Hopeless. Small specimens 6-8 cm. high ;
heads 2-3-flowered, but only one achene ripens. [A widely-
distributed plant, and in places it grew thickly and in large

651

masses.]| HH. Troedelu,F.vM. Murteree; Strzelecki Creek ;
Mount Lyndhurst. Heads 12-22-flowered; pappus-bristles
8-10, united in the lower half; stems erect, but varying much
in height, those from Strzelecki Creek 22 cm. high, those from
Mount Lyndhurst only 6-9 cm. [Found throughout the
country traversed, and in many places it grew in compact
masses.| HH. corymbiflorum, Schlecht. Sandhills 15 miles west
of Innamincka. A small, probably stunted form, only 6-12
- em. high. [Seems to keep mostly to the sandy country, where
it was very plentiful.} HW. strictum, Benth. Trinity Well.
H. floribundum, DC., and H. microglossum, Tate. Devils
Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. [The former is widely dis-
tributed and is mostly found in sandhill country.| JH.
pygmaeum, Benth. Mount Hopeless.

Helipterum uniflorum, sp. nova (tab. xlir.). Herba
annua humilis (specuminibus nostris 7 em. altis) tota dense
albo-lanata, caulibus erectiusculis rigidulis dichotome ramosis,
folvs alternis vel rarius oppositis linearibus planis 5-10 mm.
longis, capitulis unifloris ovoides 5 mm. longis caducis
subsessilibus in glomerulos foliosos terminales et laterales
aggregatis, imvolucri bracteis 8-10 oblanceolatis appressis
apice scariosis inter se densd land dorsali cohaerentibus,
corolla parva imconsyicud 5-dentatad, achaeno maturo fusi-
formi 3 mm. longo pilis brevibus biuncinatis consperso
lanugine obtecto, papm setis 9-12 «inaequalibus lberis
flexuosis inferne plumosis superne sparse barbellatis.

Kopperamanna. Also collected by R. Helms at Arkaringa
Creek, May 14, 1891, and placed in,the Tate Herbarium
under Gnaphalium indutum, which it somewhat resembles
externally. A very distinct species, probably nearest to H.
moschatum, Benth., with the same woolly achenes, but the
plant is more compact and smailer than most forms of H.
moschatum, the leaves are narrower, the involucral bracts
much more woolly and not shining, the clusters are lateral
and in the forks as well as terminal, and are supported by a
few leaves at the base, while the flowers in each head are
reduced to one. [This plant was not observed further east,
but around Kopperamanna it was found in dense patches on
flooded ground, producing the effect of patches of cotton wool
at a distance. |

Helichrysum semifertile, F.v. M. Cooper Creek, between
Innamincka and Kanowana. Flowers in each head about 20,
of which several, sometimes almost half, are sterile; pappus
bristles 16 to over 20. Specimens from Innamincka (and
from west of Port Augusta) have erect stems, perhaps due to
the surrounding plants. This species forms a link between

652

Helichrysum and Schoenia, having the compressed outer
fertile achenes of the latter, but the style of the inner flowers
is bifid. [Found over a great range of country, and observed
growing on flooded ground as well as tablelands.}| AH. podo-
lepideum, F.v. M. Mount Hopeless. [Only met with in one
locality, where a small colony was struggling on poor soil. |

Minuria integerrima, Benth. East of Mungeranie. {Met
with in sandy creeks.] 3/. denticulata, Benth. Mount Lynd-
hurst; Trinity Well. [On tablelands, 6 to 8 inches high.]
M. annua, Tate. Mount Lyndhurst. M. leptophylla, DC.
Mount Lyndhurst. [Found growing on the tablelands, 5 to
6 inches high. ]

Brachycome pachyptera, Turcz. Mungeranie. [Growing
in tufts 4 to 5 inches high amongst gibbers.| BB. ciliaris, Less.,
var. Januginosa, Benth. Mount Hopeless; Mount Lyndhurst.
[Only met with between these localities. |

Rutidosis helichrysoides, DC. Innamincka. [This fine
plant was met with in full flower in many places, and it often
stood 3 feet high. |

Senecio lautus, Sol. Innamincka; between Innamincka
and Kanowana; Trinity Well. A small form with more
numerous and longer bracts and flowers. [A widely-distributed
plant, growing in the sandy country; varied from 4 or 5
inches to 10 or 12 inches.| S. Gregoru, F. v. M. Mount
Lyndhurst. S. Cunninghamu, DC. Carraweena. Bracts
about 8; flowers in head about 15; leaves lanceolate, toothed,
with small, entire auricles at base. This puzzling specimen
seems to stand on the dividing line between S. Cunningham
and S. odoratus. [Common along the Strzelecki Creek, grow-
ing from 18 inches to 2 feet high. |

Centipeda Cunninghamu, A. Br. et Aschers. Inna-
mincka. , [This very unpleasant-smelling plant was seen in
many waterholes. |

Podolepis capillaris (Steetz), Diels (P. Sremssema,
F. vy. M.). Mount Hopeless. [Quantities of this plant came
under notice in the vicinity of Mount Hopeless.] P. Lessonii,
Benth. Mount Hopeless. [Not common; growing on flooded
ground, from 3 to 4 inches high. |

Myriocephalus Stuarti, Benth. Mount Hopeless; Lake
Perigundi. {Flowering in great abundance all over the sandy
country, some plants standing over a foot high.|

Triolaena leptolepis, Benth. Trinity Well; Ambuginia
Creek; Mount Lyndhurst. Varies greatly in the hairiness
of the leaves; pappus-bristles dilated and flattened towards
the base. [Widely distributed and growing in varied situa-
tions, in some instances flowering when only 2 or 3 inches.

653

high, while at others attaining over a foot in height; the
structure and shape of the leaves seem to vary very much. |

Calotis erinacea, Steetz. Lake Perigundi; Kanowana.
C. hispidula, F. v. M. Kopperamanna.

Pterocaulon sphacelatum, Benth. et Hook. Innamincka.
{Several large bushes of this plant were seen in the one locality

only. |

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Pratt XXI.

Fig. 1. Attacked by bot flies. At certain seasons the camels
are attacked by a bot fly (Cephalomyia maculata), which lays its
larvae already hatched in the nostrils. When fully grown the
larva becomes very irritating, and produces sneezing, by which
act it is finally ejected, completing its metamorphosis beneath the
surface of the sand. The position shown—‘‘the expectancy of a
sneeze’’—is quite characteristic.

Fig. 2. Carrion beetles (Trox crotchi) feeding at the hoof of
a dead camel.

PuatE XXII.

Fig. 1. Native grave at Murteree. The body is laid on the
surface or in a slight excavation and piled up with earth and sand
until a large mound is formed 15 feet or so in length. Timber is
then laid over the mound to protect the body from attack by dogs,
wild and otherwise.

Fig. 2. Inscription cut by J. W. Lewis on tree near Burke’s
Tree at Innamincka; the lettering, now being overgrown, is :—
A S.A.G. L. 75 (see J. W. Lewis’ Journal Lake Eyre Exped. ;
1874-5, p. 37).

Phare AXE.

Fig. 1. Burke's Tree, Innamincka. The original fence is
almost buried in sand, and McKinlay’s mark, MK (cnjd.), seen at
ground level, is the only inscription now visible (see fig. 2 of this
plate).

Fig. 2. Burke’s Tree, Innamincka. McKinlay’s mark. Burke
and Howitt’s lettering is hidden by silt. The full inscription
reads : —

MK (cnjd.)

PuateE XXIV.

Fig. 1. Old female native at Innamincka, at entrance to
wurlie. Note the dogs within.

Fig. 2. Bullocky Jack, a Coongie native, our guide on Cooper
Creek.

654

Puate XXV.
Fig. 1. Cooper Creek, near Cuttapirie Corner.
Fig. 2. On the Cooper. The larger timber is the home of

large flocks of naked-eyed cockatoos (Cacatua gymnopis). An
eagle had built its nest in the tree in mid-stream.

PiatTeE XOXVi)

Fig. 1. Nest of wedge-tailed eagle (Uroetus audax). Owing
to the scarcity and dwarf character of the timber, this large eagle
builds its nest within reach of a man on camel back.

Fig. 2. Tree near Kanowana, with nest of galah (Cacatua
oseepiey in the ‘‘spout.’ The tree had been Ting-barked by
the cockatoos, and as nesting sites are very scarce in ‘the dicta
it might almost appear that the birds had purposely ringed the
trees (several of which were found similarly treated) in order to
increase the accommodation; though this is perhaps too much to
suggest for the intelligence of even a cockatoo.

Puate XXVIII.

Fig. 1. Descending a sandhill preparatory to crossing a
gibber plain, across which another sandhill will be encountered.
When near Perigundi seventeen such sandhills were crossed
between sunrise and sunset.

Fig. 2. A woma (Aspidites ramsayi, Macleay) obtained
near Perigundi. Although tracks of this large python were often
seen, this was the only example secured

PuateE XXVIII.

Fig. 1. Mungeranie Bore, October 15, 1916. The rising
steam was a gratifying sight in the early morning, after a period
of several days of privation. This bore supplies the stream seen
in fig. 2 of this plate. :

Fig. 2. Mungeranie Creek, supplied by the bore. Our camp
and the constable’s enclosure are seen on the further bank.

Pore, xine

Fig. 1. Outflow of the Cannuwaukaninna Bore, photographed
October 18, 1916. Water was struck only a few days before our
ae the depth being 3,740 feet, and the flow 500,000 gallons

al '

"Hig. 2. Our team of nine camels, near Wells Creek, October
23, 1916. The water lying on the eround is the result of 135
points of rain which fell the previous night.

PuatE XXX.

A mirage drawn by Mr. G. A. Barnes from rough sketches
and descriptions supplied by Mr. Edgar R. Waite.

Fig. 1. The view as seen under natural conditions.

Fig. 2. As it appeared under the influence of the mirage.

Prats XXXII.
Fig. 1. Nest and eggs of black-faced wood swallow (Austr-
artamus melanops ).

Fig. 2. Nest and eggs of pied honey-eater (Certhionyz
variegatus ).

Fig. 1. Theridion asbolodes, Rainb., epigynum.
bat Be ae idiotypum, Rainb., male.
” 3. ”? 9 ” ”» palp 1.
oy. ee eae ie 6 nidomen! side view.
,, 5. Isopeda gloriosa, Rainb., ‘female.
» 4. » 9 epigynum.
», «@. Lycosa waiter, Rainb., female.
” 8. 9 9 9 eyes.
39) 9. 93 Pat epigynum.
er. ,, celaenica, Rainb., female.
” ie. 5B) ” 22 epigynum.
PuatE XXXII.
Figs. 1-3. ... Brachytettiz (?)
iss 4. ... Cylindrodes campbelli, Burm.
en .... Philoscaphus costalis, Macl.
» 6,7. ... Euryscaphus obesus, Macl.
creel 7S. Parroa apicalis, Sl.
en G. ... Megalotrox elderi, Blackb.
5, 10-12. ... Bolboceras sloanei, Blackb.
k= eee 2 cornigerum, Macl.
» 18,19. ... Pararhopaea gigas, Lea.
» 20,21. ... Zietzia geologa, Blackb.
Pratt XXXIV.
Fig. 22. Haplonycha. pilosa, Blackb.
this aebs solida, Blackb.
an ee if interocularis, Lea.
wen ater opaca, Lea.
Oats TO, _.. Enamillus mauricet, Blackb.
» 27,28. ... Cavonus armatus, Sharp.
ee rs os acutifrons, Lea.
ei: ORs | aa 5» parvus, Blackb.
», 932,38. ... Nephrodopus enigmus, Sharp, var. niger, Lea.
», 34, 85. .... Pseudocavonus antennalis, Blackb.
Ey . ... Cheiroplatys castaneus, Lea.
es: a excavatus, Lea.
eae: |e Cryptodus gigas, Lea.
ies: a FP bil obus, Lea.
», 42-44. ... Novapus adelaidae, Blackb.
toe a. <.: vs armatus, ‘Lea.
Pratt XXXV.
Figs. 47, 48. ... Psewdoryctes tectus, Blackb.
bea Ae, Os as e monstrosus, Blackb.
AN e ind i mullerianus, White.
Bh ee en Mi turritus, Macl.
OMI 13g 5 Reg " ater, Lea.
aa ye eas + griseopilosus, Lea.
et DO-OU. ost 7m trifidus, Blackb.
Le ys - trifidus, Blackb., var.
pe G2 CBEes, 5 validus, Lea.
cert GE Gee e oe semicalvus, Lea.
es. G6) GY. a semicrudus, Lea.
eo |: 68, 60: 3s dispar, Sharp.
oak aye nigripennis, Lea.

655

Puate XXXII,

bi)

39

93

Figs. 72, 73.
7

99.
100.
101.

102.
103.
104.

105.
106.

107.
108.
109.
110.
Th
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
LN es

33
3)

9

656

Prate XXXVI.
Macromalocera sinuaticollis, Blackb.
Saragus pascoei, Macl.

Onosterrhus ooldensis, Cart.
Helaeus waitei, Lea.

aridus, Blackb.
iuntertoris, Macl.
conjunctus, Lea.

Pachydissus boops, Blackb.

be)
Penthea pardalis, Newm.
Phoracantha posticalis, Blackb.
Aphanasium albopilosum, Lea.

picipennis, Germ.

Pratt XXXVI.

Maechidvus savagei, Lea, head and prothorax.

hoplocephalus, Lea, head and _ pro-
thorax.

conspicuus, Lea, head and prothorax.

squamipenns, Lea, head and pro-
thorax.

sculptipennis, Lea, head and_ pro-
thorax.

insularis, Lea, head and prothorax.

lateripennis, Lea, head and «pro-
thorax.

parvulus, Macl., head and _ pro-
thorax.

sordidus, Boi., head and prothorax.

fissiceps, Macl., head and prothorax.

latus, Waterh., head and prothorax.

excistcollis, Blackb., head and _ pro-
thorax.

caviceps, Blackb., head and _ pro-
thorax. |

crenaticollis, Blackb., head and pro-
thorax.

tibialis, Blackb., head and prothorax.

ater, Waterh., head and prothorax.

rugosicollis, Macl., head and _ pro-
thorax.

clypealis, Blackb., head and_ pro-
thorax.

longitarsis, Waterh., head and pro-
thorax.

spurius, Kirby, head and prothorax.

Caulobius caviceps, Lea, clypeus.
Sciton flavocastaneus, ues clypeus.
ruber, Blackb., clypeus.
paullus, Blackb., clypeus.
Ocnodus fallax, Blackb., clypeus.

99
9)

93
99
9)

spinicollis, Blackb., clypeus.
bidentatus, Lea, clypeus.
bilobus, Lea, clypeus.

Iiparetrus niger, Lea, clypeus.

29

insignis, Lea, clypeus.

657

Fig, 118. ... Liparetrus semicastaneus, Lea, clypeus.
siete pas " lepidopygus, Lea, clypeus.
Be 35 Bs » © trichosternus, Lea, clypeus.
mi sit iy compositus, Lea, clypeus.
Pa 1D. ee ah apicalis, Lea, clypeus.
ae ets oe A lacimatus, Lea, clypeus.
sh ae. a J obscurior, Lea, clypeus. (41)
4 OD, = He carus, Lea, clypeus.
4. 026. ‘ee af melaleucae, Lea, clypeus.
ee Le eS a nudus, Lea, clypeus.
ua EDO: x: 8 trichopygus, Lea, clypeus.
1D. a) nf puncticeps, Lea, clypeus.
Spade! 10 th be bimaculatus, Lea, clypeus.
LSE. Be 3 longidens, Lea, clypeus.
tp kon: ae <5 albovillosus, Lea, clypeus.
eee. ae 3 basicollis, Lea, clypeus. (42)
», 184. a5: a flavus, Lea, clypeus. (43)
pe is ‘ay a as semiatriceps, Lea, clypeus.
etoO. Lor, a villosicollis, Macl., clypeus.
» 138. Mee ss mastersi, Macl., clypeus.
pao. ee . juvenis, Blackb., clypeus.
ey 140. Py. is abnormalis, Macl., clypeus.
al. i “3 kreuslerae, Macl., clypeus.
sx, LA2. ee xanthotrichus, Macl., clypeus.
» 148. en i fimbriatus, Blackb., clypeus.
», 144. oe a necessarius, Blackb., clypeus.
py 45. ae 4 distinctus, Blackb., clypeus.
ae L4G: ... Automolus tridentifrons, Lea, clypeus.
ange Eg a propygidialis, Lea, clypeus. ”
», 148. “| Maechidius parvulus, Macl., front tibia.
» 149. as e, tibialis, Blackb., front tibia.
had a Ae longitarsis, Waterh., front tibia.
ea boll. . Caulobius caviceps, Lea, front tibia.
ok AYA ... Ocnodus unidentatus, Lea, front tibia.
ay) nde: a nr bidentatus, ‘Lea, front tibia.
Be deli = a tridentatus, Lea, front tibia.

PuatE XX XVIII.
Fig. 1. Spinifer paradorus (Cane Grass).
Fig. 2. Hakea leucoptera (Needle Bush).

PuatE XX XIX.

Panicum Whiter, n. sp. 1, upper part of panicle-branch.
2, base of leaf-blade, showing lhgule. 8, spikelet. 4, 3rd glume
with its palea. 5, fruiting glume.

PLATE XL.
Fig. 1. Aizoon quadrifidum. Growing on sand-drifts.
Fig. 2. Aizoon quadrifidum.

(41) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of Jissapterus
and flavipennis.

(42) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of semiflavus,
trichosternus, nigriclavus, and the female of lepidopygus.

(43) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of zrregularis,
mimicus, pallens, and flavicornis.

658

Prate XLI.
Fig. 1. Blennodia canescens, var. pterosperma.
Fig. 2. Acacia salicina.

Pruatre XLII.

Dicrastylis Costelloi, F. M. Bailey. la, a type specimen from
Lake Nash, Queensland, collected by D. Costello; 1b, hair from
upper face of leaf; lc, expanded calyx (inside); ld, pistil (from
bud); le, corolla (in bud); If, corolla spread open (inside).
2a, specimen from Lake Perigundi; 2b, calyx of same; 2c, part
of corolla (inside); 2d, branch-hair and leaf-hair; 2e, pistil in
bud and in flower. 3, specimen from Lake Eyre (Schomburgk
Herbarium).

Prate XLITT.

Helipterum uniflorum, n. sp. 1, flower-head. 2, ripe achene.
3, short 2-hooked hair of achene. 4, corolla. 5, outer bract of
involucre. 6, inner bract of same (both showing the inner face).
7, pappus.

The photographs of plants were taken on the spot by Capt.
S. A. White.

659

MISCELLANEA.

Notes on Diatomaceous Earth from Lord Howe Island.

Mr. Water Howcuin on April 12, 1917, exhibited a
large piece of diatomaceous earth from Lord Howe Island,
and offered the following remarks on it:—The stone was
obtained by Mr. A. M. Lea from Mr. J. B. Waterhouse
during the former’s recent visit to the island. Mr. Waterhouse
stated that in the year 1911 a considerable quantity of this
stone was washed up on the beach, and attracted much atten-
tion on account of its peculiar appearance and lightness. Mr.
Howchin stated that he had carefully examined the rock with
the following results:—The grain of the stone is excessively
fine and remarkably uniform, and, with the exception of a
few brown specs, which on closer examination proved to be
smal] fish scales, no defined objects could be distinguished by
the unaided eye. A microscopical examination showed that
the stone consisted of very finely-divided flocculent matter in
which was embedded great numbers of diatoms, chiefly
belonging to the discoid genus, Voscinodiscus, of which several
species are present, in addition to which are numerous sponge
spicules (chiefly monactinellid), a few radiolaria, and the fish
scales already mentioned. The organic contents prove it to be
a marine deposit, but of somewhat uncertain origin. The
extreme fineness of the particles, the absence of land wash, as
well as the absence of foraminifera and other small organisms,
that are almost always more or less present in marine deposits,
indicate that it must have been laid down under unusual con-
ditions. Mr. W. S. Chapman, Assayer at the School of
Mines, has been kind enough to supply the following partial
analysis of the stone : —

Per cent.
Moisture fa: fe ae Se vont
Combined water (and organic) Peer Wein
Si ear i) ~ 2. bere Ue sow One)
Alumina Ny. any tas Seas
Iron oxide oe oat a eer")
Times) ee a. ae cs clea rere
Magnesia fy ig ax em aerO
(Alkalies not determined)
92°2

The amount of silica present is not equal to that of a rela-
tively pure diatomaceous earth, and the presence of magnesia,

660

as the next highest content, gives the stone, in several respects,
a character in the direction of meerschaum, but it contains
less magnesia, is less compact, and has probably had a
different origin than the last-named mineral. Like most
diatomaceous earths it is very light and, when dry, floats on
water ; but when the air is expelled by boiling, it sinks. To
find its way to Lord Howe Island the bed must have been, in
the first place, raised above sea-level, then desiccated to dry-
ness and operated on by the waves, so that detached pieces
could be carried away by the sea currents.

Native Legend on the Origin of Orion’s Belt.

Narrung is bordering the shores of Lake Alexandria and
opposite to Milang township, distant therefrom about 16 miles
east-south-east.

Recently, while visiting Narrung, the following legend
was communicated to me by Mr. G. Hackett, a resident of the
district for sixty years, and well known as the manager of
Narrung Station. The legend struck me as worthy of record,
because in classical mythology Orion was a hunter slain by
Artemis for making love to Eos; Orion then became a con-
stellation.

We were driving in the beautiful moonlight, and the
hour was shortly after midnight. On our right were numerous
lagoons—some about a chain square, others eight or ten chains
long and several in breadth. There were two low hills, one
on our right and the other at some distance on our left. On
the hill to the right there once dwelt a mighty hunter named
Wyangaure, who occupied his days in pursuit of the kan-
garoos, emus, and other game which in those days were
gigantic in size. It was the custom of this hunter to skin
his game and peg out on the plain the skins of kangaroos,
emus, wild turkeys, etc. So mighty were the animals of
those far-off days that their weighty skins lying on the ground
made the depressions which, filled with water, we now see as
lagoons. On the hill away to the left lived Nurundie, the
“great man’ of the blacks—the all-powerful. He dwelt with
his two wives and lived by hunting, but was not so successful
in the chase as was Wyangaure, the mighty hunter. In due
course Wyangaure, who was but a youth, underwent the
“rites”? consequent upon being made “‘a young man.” He was
under oath and severe penalties not to speak to any woman.
One day he returned from a hunting trip loaded with game,

661 :
and when he reached a swamp he waded out into deep water
to drink, because by his oath he was compelled to drink by
drawing water through a reed. The wives of Nurundie, the
all-powerful, were smitten with the charms and prowess of the
mighty hunter, and desired not only speech with him, but a
gift of the game with which he was loaded. Wyangaure,
however, was steadfast and departed to his wurlie on the hill
to the right of us. Now these dusky daughters of Eve deter-
mined to carry by cunning assault the virtuous and vow-bound
hunter. At this juncture their lord and master, Nurundie,
the all-powerful; intimated his intention of absenting himself
for some days on a hunting trip. Here was opportunity. The
dusky pair reconnoitred the wurlie of the mighty hunter, and
augured from the ascending smoke that he was within. With-
out delay they ran towards the wurlie, thudding on the
ground with their feet, and so imitating the sound of running
emus. Out rushed the mighty hunter eager for the fray. At
the successful issue of the pleasant ruse the dusky dames
laughed jubilantly, the while adding such little touches of
coquetry as the urgency of their case demanded. The mighty
hunter, as many another, succumbed to these feminine wiles
and agreed to give them some game to satisfy their craving
hunger. The barrier of reserve broken the trio entered the
wurlie, and after much cooking performed the genial rites with
such effect that they all fell into a heavy sleep. In the mean-
time the wily, all-powerful Nurundie altered his plans, and
returning to his own wurlie discovered the absence of his
dual wife. As the result of experience, hoary with
antiquity, even in those far-off days, he hied him with
unerring instinct to the wurlie of the mighty hunter—
the human forbidden fruit. On ascertaining the state
of affairs he waxed wrathful and swore mighty vengeance.
He tore up all the trees and bushes in the neigh-
bourhood and piled them round the wurlie sheltering the
sleeping sinners and set alight to the whole. Now Wyangaure,
the mighty hunter, and the two dusky temptresses had no
desire to perish by fire, and watching their opportunity
escaped by breaking through on the side opposite to that on
which Nurundie was labouring with pious solicitude. The
three guilty ones ran away into the bush, but Wyangaure, the
hunter, knew that Nurundie, the all-powerful, would eventu-
ally find and destroy him. So he took a spear and threw it
into the sky; but after a time the spear returned. So he
with a mighty effort despatched another—and it also returned.
He now selected his favourite barbed spear, attached to which
was a long line. This spear he threw into the sky, and it
returned not. He pulled heavily on the line, and still the

662

spear held, so he climbed up the line into the sky. Moved
by the wailings of his dusky co-sinners he, on arrival in the
sky, pulled up first one and then the other. In proof of
the truth of this legend the blacks to-day point to the three
great stars in Orion, and to the hill, on which could formerly
be seen the ashes of the burnt wurlie. When Nurundie, the
all-powerful, found that his victims were beyond his reach
he waxed exceedingly wrathful. He caught all the game
—the mammoth kangaroos, emus, and others—and tore them
to pieces.

No more do we find these mighty denizens of our Aus-
tralian wilds; their fragments now live as kangaroos, walla-
bies, toolachees, emus, turkeys, plover—al] of the smaller
dimensions of moderate degenerate days.

Duncan ForsBes LAURIE.
dune 14, 1917)

Notes on Various Birds.

At the meeting held on July 12, 1917, Mr. Epwin
AsHBY exhibited the skin of one of the rarest visitants to
Australia (Hydrochelidon leucoptera grisea, Mathews),
Eastern White-winged Tern. Mr. Mathews, in his ‘Birds of
Australia,” says this bird was added to the Australian avi-
fauna by Mr. Gould in 1866, but it was regarded with sus-
_picion by later ornithologists. Later Mr. Mathews established
it as a rare visitor, and quotes three instances of its occurrence
besides the one quoted by Mr. Gould. The last occurrence
recorded is believed to be forty-nine years ago. This year
they have visited Western Australia in considerable numbers,
the specimen shown having been shot on the Swan River, near
Perth, in April last, and being the first Australian skin
exhibited in South Australia. These birds breed in China,
and at certain seasons extend their range as far as Java. Why
this year they have visited Australia is a question not easily
solved.

Also skin of the swift Lorikeet (Lathamus discolor),
which was obtained at Blackwood in July, 1914. The pre-
vious records for this bird’s occurrence in South Australia
were 1862 and 1882. During the past month this parrot has
again put in an appearance, several small flocks having been
noticed flying swiftly over Mr. Ashby’s property.

Mr. Asusy also exhibited a complete series of the Aus-
tralian Cuckoo Shrikes. While in Gould’s work they were all

663

included under the genus Graucalus, they are now divided
into several different genera : —

Pteropodocys maxima neglecta, Math. Western Australia.
Coracina novae-hollandiae, Gmelin. Tasmania.

CU. novae-hollandiae melanops, Latham. South Australia.
C. hypoleuca parryi, Math. Northern Territory.

C. robusta mentalis, V. and H. New South Wales,
Paragraucalus lineatus, Swainson. New South Wales.

On July 7, 1917, Capt. S. A. Waite exhibited a skin of
Scopus umbretta, Hammerkop, which is found over the
southern part of Africa wading in streams and lakes in search
of frogs and other food. The natives have a superstitious
dread of these birds and never molest them. These birds often
go through a most wonderful dance. The nest is an enormous
structure of sticks, plastered inside with mud, the bird using
its tail to finish it off. The eggs are white and round, rough
and unpolished, from 2 to 4 in number. Although the nest is
very large, the inside is only about a foot in diameter; it is
often decorated with bright objects—coloured crockery, glass,
spoons, knives, etc.

Notes on Small Flies of Genus Simulium.

At the present time these flies are causing serious annoy-
ance to horses and cattle in the south-eastern portion of South
Australia. Mr. B. A. Feuerheerdt, of Lucindale, wrote about
them :—‘*‘I would not like to say this fly is new to this dis-
trict, but it certainly has never been so numerous before. In
low-lying, sheltered localities it occurs in thousands, and as
its bite is very sharp all stock in such localities suffer very
badly. They are particularly bad around the township of
Lucindale, and I myself saw the commonage cattle at this
place galloping around like things demented. I examined one
milking cow closely, and she was simply covered with these
flies. The teats and bare parts of her body were quite red
with beads of blood, and as the fly can burrow into the coat
very rapidly and neatly, no doubt other parts of the body
had suffered also.” Similar insects have been recorded as
causing serious losses of stock in the United. States and South
Africa. |

A.M. Lea.

October 11, 1917.

664

Notes on Styphelia depressa (The Native Currant).

The specimens exhibited show two very distinct forms.
The larger one is from a plant growing in the wild part of my
garden ; came from the Barossa Ranges, in some parts of which
it is very common. The smaller form was collected by me
in the mallee, near Woodchester, on what is known as
Chance’s line.

The mallee form is much more slender in growth; the
branches bearing flowers are very much more slender than in
those from Barossa. The general appearance is markedly
different, owing to the leaves of the mallee one being half the
length of the Barossa species, viz., 24 mm., as against 5 mm.;
but the width at the hbase is almost similar in both, the
mallee one being over 15 mm. wide, against the Barossa forms
2mm. There is a bare 4 mm. difference in the width,
although in length one is double the other. The former is
broadly ovate, whereas the latter is lanceolate. The edges of
the mallee species are more folded over than the other, and
the leaf-stalk proportionately longer and curiously bent.

The fruit of the Barossa species is larger and more juicy.
f am able to show flowers of the mallee species, but the
Barosssa one is not yet out, so that I am unable for the pre-
sent to make a careful comparison of the two flowers.

ltemarks.--I have found that the Barossa species is
easily acclimatized to the conditions of Blackwood, provided
the young plants are watered a few times through the first
two years. I have never been able to get any to come up
from seed ; perhaps that is the reason that this really valuable
fruit has never been introduced to the fruit gardens of this
State by nurserymen.

Epwin ASHBY.

October 11> 1917.

665

DBoStLRACT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
Royal Society of South Australia
(Incorporated)

FoR 1916-1917.

OrDINARY MEETING, NoveMBER 9, 1916.

THe Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.) in the
chair.

PorRTRAITS OF OFFICERS.—Resolved: “That, as far as
possible, a collection be made of the portraits and signatures of
the Officers of the Society, vzz.:—Presidents, Vice-Presidents,
Hon. Secretaries, Hon. Treasurers, and Editors, from its
establishment in 1853.’’

Exuipits.—Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited a drawer con-
taining most of the insects taken on the recent Museum
Expedition to the Interior. Among these were some grass-
hoppers more than double the width of ordinary species,
having a striking resemblance to the small stones of the
‘“‘cibber’’ country, amongst which they were found; some pale
yellow crickets from the nest of a stinging ant; and two
specimens of a small weevil, the toes of which are on a
different plan from those of any sub-family hitherto known.
He also showed a large butterfly and a moth from Northern
Queensland, and beautiful drawings of these made by Miss
Margaret Kelly, of the School of Arts and Crafts. Mr.
Epear R. WarteE showed two glass bottles from the Interior,
which had assumed a ground-glass appearance from the
drifting sand, and a violet tinge, supposed to be due to the
action of the sun upon some chemical, possibly manganese, in
the glass. Mr. Epwin Asusy showed Malurus assimilis
(southern purple-backed wren), J/. melanotus whnter (tur-
quoise wren), and M. cyanotus (white-winged wren) from
Port Germein, to compare with M. cyaneus leggei (superb
warbler) and J/. melanotus (black-backed wren) from the
Victorian mallee country. Capt. S. A. WuitEe showed two
specimens of M. melanotus callainus, one from Eyre Peninsula,
and one from the Far North. Also beans from a Bauhinia
tree in the Interior. Dr. R. S. Rogers exhibited and described
an orchid found by Dr. Helen Mayo, near Victor Harbour,

666

belonging to the genus Satyrium, known only in South
Africa, and therefore probably an alien to Australia. Prof.
Osporn exhibited Plantago psyllium, L., from Nantawarra,
near Port Wakefield. This is its first record for Australia,
its native habitat being the sandy shores of the Adriatic. Also
Poa caespitosa, Forst., a sport from the south park lands,
Adelaide, in which the viviparous flowers were replaced by
bulbils. Also several micro-fungi, including three new rusts,
a smut, once reported, many years ago, by Mr. J. G. O.
Tepper; a smut, once reported, 20 years ago, in New South
Wales; and a rust from Wirrega, which was either new or
previously incorrectly described. THE PRESIDENT showed a
scorpion over six inches in length, from the Central Provinces,
India.

Professor RENNIE read some notes by Mr. R. T. Baker,
explanatory of samples (botanical, timber, and oils) forwarded
by him in connection with the paper by himself and Mr. H. G.
Smith, read at the last meeting. It was resolved ‘‘That a
special vote of thanks be given to Messrs. Baker and Smith for
the gift of their valuable samples.’’

Paper.—“The Australian Ant-genus, Myrmecorhincus,
Ern. André, and its Position in the Subfamily Camponotinae,”’
by Professor Wiitt1am Norton WHEELER, of Harvard
University, U.S.A.

ORDINARY MEETING, APRIL 12, 1917.
THE PRESIDENT (J. °C. Verto, M:D., F'R:C.S_) amethe

chair.

NomInatTion.—-Charles A. E. Fenner, D.Sc., F.G.S.. was
nominated as Fellow.

Pror. Brace.—The President announced that our Hon.
Fellow, Professor W. H. Bragg, had been awarded, by the
Royal Society of London, the Rumford Medal for his
researches in physics.

Exuisits.—Mr. W. Howcuin showed diatomaceous earth
from Lord Howe Island (vide Misceiuangea). He also
exhibited a section of an ‘‘Iron Ball’’ or ‘‘Box,’’ a hollow
segregation of iron found in shale. Dr. PULLEINE showed a
specimen of Pisonia Brunomana, covered with captured flies :
also a large slab of tale from a native storehouse, and a bull-
roarer associated with it. Mr. A. M. Lea showed two drawers
of insects taken by Capt. S. A. White and himself on a recent
trip to Ooldea; a drawer of showy longicorn beetles, from
tropical Australia; a stag beetle (from Mr. Ashby) so covered
with small ticks that its body was almost concealed; two
scorpions (from Mr. E. L. Savage), one of which, when taken,
was carrying about thirty young ones on its back; and (also

667

from Mr. Savage) a minute blind beetle, of the genus
Rodwagia, occurring in the nests of ants, and now first
recorded from South Australia. Mr. Epcar R. Waite
showed a photograph of a hat from New Britain, eight feet
in diameter, which is worn by two men at once. Capt. S. A.
WuiteE showed live and dead specimens of the old English
black rat, recently introduced from Egypt, and now doing
serious damage in our orchards. During its sojourn in Egypt
for many generations it has become much lighter in colour.
He also showed photographs exemplifying its ravages. Mr.
F. R. Zierz showed some tear-drop shaped obsidianites, from
the Diamantina ; also tracings of aboriginal pictographs, from
two rock shelters at Yattalunga, in the valley of the South
Para River, near Smithfield, sketches of some of which had
been previously published in vol. xxvi. of our “‘“Transactions,”’
and, in addition, a jaw of a bandicoot, freshwater mussels
(Umo sp.), and fragments of emu egg shell found amongst
the ashes and sand on the floor of one of the shelters. Capt.
S. A. Waite showed photographs of the locality of these
shelters, and urged that action should be taken to preserve
them.

Resolved.—‘‘That the Council be requested to consider
what steps can be taken to protect these interesting relics of
aboriginal art.”’

Paprer.—‘‘The Iodine and Bromine Contents of a Sample
of Water from Lake Gairdner,”’ by W. Trernent Cooxe, D.Sc.

OrpinaRY Meetine, May 10, 1917.

Poe vPResipent (J) Verea) MOD. OF R-C.S.)) ‘in’ the
chair. ‘

Nomination.—John F. Bailey was nominated a Fellow.

Eviection.—Charles A. E. Fenner, D.Sc., F.G.S., was
elected a Fellow.

Exuisits.—Mr. Epvwin Asupy exhibited a number of
Polyplacophora (Chitons) collected by himself at Port Lincoln.
Amongst these was a very carinated specimen of Ploxiphora,
which he believed would correspond with the description of
the lost Ploxiphora conspersa, described by Adams and Angas
from specimens collected at Port Lincoln. The less carinated
form described by Tom Iredale as P. matthewsi, of which
several specimens from Port Lincoln were shown, is, in Mr.
Ashby’s opinion, only a variety of Adams and Angas’ P.
conspersa. The type form is evidently much rarer than the
variety, as only two specimens were obtained by Dr. Torr,
who was collecting with him, and one by himself. THE

668

PRESIDENT showed an ethnological object, sent by Dr. Ronald
Triidinger, from Melut, on the Nile, in the Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan. It was a rude model in blue mud of an elephant,
with pieces of grass stem, about six inches in length, stuck
into its back. When a child is attacked by fever among the
Dinka tribe such a model is made, the grass stems being
inserted while it is soft, and the child is then expected to
recover. Capt. S. A. WuHiTE showed six Te of dotterels
from the dry interior of Australia, vz.- virida
(Oriental dotterel), Peltohyas australis (Adatralian dotterel),
Cirripedismus bicinctus (double-banded dotterel), Hlseya
melanops (black-fronted dotterel), Leucopolius ruficamllus
(red-capped dotterel), and Hrythrogonys cinctus (red-kneed
dotterel). Mr. A. M. Lza exhibited some remarkable galls on
Banksias, from which several kinds of insects had been reared ;
also two flies, parasitic upon the egg masses of spiders, and
having extremely small heads in comparison with their bodies ;
also a drawer of carnivorous bark-beetles from the Blackburn
collection, and a drawer of fine tropical longicorn beetles. Mr.
J. M. Buacx showed several weeds gathered in flower on the
Adelaide park lands, between April 22 and 25, although
their usual flowering season varied from June to October.
This was the effect of the unusually heavy rains in February
and March. Mr. F. R. Zierz exhibited a nest of Geobasileus
chrysorrhous (yellow-rumped tit) from the Grange, and five
specimens of stone fungi from various parts of South
Australia. .

ORDINARY MEETING, JUNE 14, 1917.

THE PRESIDENT (J). C.. Vereo, MiD..: F.RiCiS)), im the
chair.

Sir E. C. Stirytinc.—The Presipenr reported that Pro-
fessor E. C. Stirling, C.M.G., F.R.S., etc., had been honoured
with the title of Knight Bachelor. Besides being a valued
contributor to the Transactions and Memoirs, Sir Edward
had, at various times, served the Society as President, Vice-
President, and Member of Council.

Evection.—J. F. Bailey, Director of Botanic Garden,
_ Adelaide, was elected a Fellow.

Exuipits.—Capt. 8S. A. Wurre exhibited objects obtained
on the route of the Port Augusta-Kalgoorlie Railway, 272
(1) a marsupial mole; (2) salt from ‘Lake Hart; (3) ieee
graphs of insects; and (4) various plants; also eggs of white-
backed and black-backed magpies, from different parts of South
Australia, noticeable for the great variation in their colouring.
It was resolved: “That the possibility of action to protect
the rare species of palms and cycads from extermination be

669

considered by the Council.”’ Mr. J. F. Bartey showed a
native mat from the Gulf of Carpentaria, made of the fibre
of a marine sedge; the fruit of a South American myrtaceous
plant, growing in the Botanic Garden, Adelaide; and a nut
from Central Australia. Mr. W. Howcuin, for Dr. Pulleine,
exhibited a piece of flexible sandstone from India. Mr. F. R.
ZieETz showed a lizard from Port Darwin, Chelosania brunnea,
Gray, being the second known specimen of this species. Dr.
J. B. Cuztann, of Sydney, showed a beautiful set of water-
colour drawings of Australian fungi (Agarics).

Mr. D. B. Lauri£ read an account of a Native Legend
of the Narrung district, South Australia (vide MisceLLaNnea).

Papers.—‘‘Additions to the Flora of South Australia,
No. 1l,’’ by J. M. Black; ‘‘Studies in Australian Lepidop-
tera,’ by A. Jefferis Turner, M.D., -F.E.S.; “‘On Some
Moths from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, in the South
Australian Museum,’’ by A. Jefferis Turner, M.D., F.E.S.;
“Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoptera, with Descriptions
of New Species, Part III.,” by Arthur M. Lea.

ORDINARY MEETING, JULY 12, 1917.

THt Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S8.), in the
chair.

THE PRESIDENT reported that the question of protection
to rare palms and cycads was under consideration by the
Council ; also that the balance (£250) of Mr. R. Barf Smith’s
legacy had been received and steps taken to invest it.

Exuipits.—Mr. Epwin Asuey showed skins of Hydro-
chelidon leucoptera grisea (eastern white-winged tern),
Lathamus discolor (swift lorikeet), and a complete series of
Australian cuckoo shrikes (vide MISCELLANEA).

Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited numerous insects and a scorpion
caught by the sticky seeds of Pisonia brunoniana, in Queens-
land; also some large moths caught by the tongue by the
contraction of the flowers of a rubber tree, of which Mr. A. P.
Dodd, of Cairns, wrote: ‘‘The moths were caught by the
tongue in a species of rubber flower, and were unable to
extricate themselves. When caught they dash about in order
to free themselves, but it is only a very strong specimen
that is able to escape. We have frequently found two or
three of these moths caught in one flower. Once we secured
four, and once five. The name of the rubber tree is 7'aber-
naemontana crassa.”’ Capt. S. A. Waite showed a bird
(Scopus umbretta) (vide Mriscetuanea). “Mr. F. R.
Zirtz showed the larva of a crustacean, of the family

670

Seyllaridae, probably Zbacus, popularly known as the “glass
crab.” This was received from Capt. C. A. Anderson, of
Kingscote, Kangaroo Island. Mr. L. K. Warp showed a map
of South Australia indicating the relation between the rain-
fall and the contours.

Parer.—‘‘Notes on the Remarkable Hailstorm, near
Adelaide, on May 12, 1917,’ by Watter Howcuain, F.G.S.

OrpinaRY MEETING, AvucustT 9, 1917.
THe PRESIDENT (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the

chair.

Exuinits.—Dr. R. 8. Rocers exhibited drawings of the
orchid described by him on November 9, 1916, now identified
as Satyrium corwfolium. It had been ascertained that it
was introduced from South Africa during the Boer War,
cultivated in a private garden, from which it had spread for
some distance. Mr. A. G. Epquist showed a piece of boiled
potato, which had been soaked in copper sulphate and placed
on a sheet of glass under a tumbler. It was now covered
with a growth of mould, and what was probably a colony of
bacteria. This was interesting, as pickling seed wheat in copper
sulphate was the process usually adopted to preserve it from
such growths. Mr. J. M. Buacx exhibited a native convolvulus
plant, (C. erubescens), received from Miss Mills, of Woolshed
Flat, notable for its fasciated stem. Mr. Epcar R. Waite
showed living larvae and eggs of a Mexican amphibian,
known in the larval stage as Avolotl, and in the adult
stage as Amblystoma. It is remarkable for arriving
at sexual maturity in the larval stage, but if the water
dries up it develops lungs and breeds in the adult
stage. Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited dry and moist samples of
wheat from the outside of some stacks at Port Adelaide,
severely damaged by insects, of which there were at least
twenty species, the principal one being the rice weevil
(Calandra orizae), but a small reddish beetle (Triboliwm
ferrugineum) was also numerous. Professor T. G. B.
Ossorn exhibited specimens of Hxocarpus cupressiformis
(native cherry), showing its semi-parasitic habit upon various
roots ; also microscopic preparations showing how the haustoria
of the Lxocarpus penetrated the root of its host, setting up a
connection with the wood and bast of the latter.

Papers.—‘‘Notes on some South Australian Eucalypts,’’
by J. H. Maiven, 1.8.0., F.R.S., etc. ; ‘“Results of the South
Australian Museum Expedition to Cooper Creek, 1916, viz. -:
—TIntroduction, Mammals, Snakes., etc., by Edgar R. Waite,
F.L.S.; Birds, by Capt. S. A. White, M.B.0.U., R.A.O.U.;

671

Stomach Contents of Birds, by A. M. Lea, F.E.S.; Lizards,
by F. R. Zietz; Fishes, by A. R. McCulloch and Edgar R.
Waite; Crustacea, by Dr. Charles Chilton; Insects, by A. M.
Lea, F.E.S.; Spiders, by W. J. Rainbow, F.L.S., F.E.S.;
Plants, by J. M. Black; Notes on the Rainfall, by H. A.
Hunt.’’

ORDINARY MEETING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1917.

THE Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the
chair.

Nomination.—G. M. Young, chemist, Hutt Street, was
nominated as Fellow.

Exuipit.— Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited Termites, queen and
workers; also a Bible from Leigh Creek, completely riddled
by these insects.

Paprer.—‘‘ Additions to the Orchidaceous Plants of South
Australia,’’ by R. S. Rocers, M.A., M.D.

ANNUAL MEETING, OcTOBER 11, 1917.

THe Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the
chair.

Exursits.—Mr. Howcuin exhibited a glacial erratic
found by Dr. Teale at Dingable-Dinga, in a cutting on the
main road, between Meadows and Willunga. This is a new
locality for Permo-carboniferous glacial deposits and the
furthest north hitherto recorded, south of the Willunga
range. It is of quartzite, covered with a ferruginous skin,
of sub-angular outline, and having two smooth faces, one
distinctly striated. It is at present uncertain whether the
erratic was 7m situ, or had been washed out of a glacial clay
and mixed with re-arranged material. Mr. Epwin ASHBY
exhibited two birds collected near Loxton, 12., Pomatorhinus
ruficeps and Malurus melanotus; also two forms of native
currant (Styphelia depressa). Professor OsBporn showed two
Lycopods, /soetes, sp. (drummondu [1]), and Phylloglossum
drummondu, collected for the first time in South Australia.
Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited a collection of wheat-attacking
insects, some very destructive, some acting as scavengers, and
some being parasitical upon the destructive species ; also some
small flies of the genus Simulium.

The Annual Report and Balance-sheet were read and
adopted.

ELEcTION OF OFrFicers.—The following, who retired by
efuxion of time, were re-elected :—President, J. C. Verco,
M.D., F.R.C.S.; Vice-Presidents, Professor E. H. Rennie,
M.A., D.Se:, F.C.S., and Lieut.-Colonel’ R. S. Rogers,

672

M.A., M.D.; Hon. Treasurer, W. B. Poole; Members of
Council, E. Ashby, M.B.O.U., and R. H. Pulleine, M.B.;
Representative Governor on Board of Public Library, etc.,
W. Howchin, F.G.S.; and Hon. Auditors, W. L. Ware, J.P.,
and H. Whitbread.

Papers.—‘‘The Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, Part III.,’’
by Oswatp B. Lower, F.L.S., F.B.S.; “‘Records and
Descriptions of Australian Chalcidoidea,’’ by Atan P. Dopp;
‘Additions to the Flora of South Australia, No. 12,’’ by
J. M. Biack; ‘“‘Notes on Australian Isopoda,’’ by CHARLES
Cuitton, D.Sc., C.M., C.M.Z.S., ete., communicated by
Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S.

ANNUAL. REPOR D2 Agta- Ls.

The Council is glad to be able to report that notwith-
standing the continuance of war conditions the work of the
Society has been well sustained, and that the next voluie
of its Transactions will include contributions to Avustralian
Entomology by Dr. A. Jefferis Turner, Mr. A. M. Lea, and
Mr. Oswald B. Lower; and to Australian Botany by Mr.
J..:M.- Black; Dr. B.S. Rogers, and) Mrx.J.. ao Maiden:
Special features will be a detailed description of a remarkable
hailstorm near Adelaide by Mr. W. Howchin, and several
papers by various contributors upon the scientific results of
the South Australian Museum Expedition to Cooper Creek
in 1916. Many objects of interest were shown at the evening
meetings.

The necessary steps for the protection of native fauna
and flora in a reserve on Kangaroo Island have not yet been
taken by the Government, the Bill for this purpose having
been again postponed.

The two researches towards which the Society made small
grants, as referred to in last year’s report, are still in progress.

The work of our Honorary Fellow, Professor W. H.
Bragg, in the region of physics has again been recognized,
the Royal Society of London having awarded him the
Rumford Medal; while in conjunction with his son he was
received the gold medal of the Physical Section of the Societa
Italiana delle Scienze. Our Fellow and Past President,
Professor E. C. Stirling has also been honoured with the title
of Knight Bachelor.

673

The additions to the library have been somewhat curtailed
through the cessation of exchanges with the learned societies
in enemy countries, and the postponement of some with other
countries until transport becomes more regular and certain.
Negotiations with the geological surveys of the various State
Departments of the United States of America have led in
many cases to an agreement to exchange publications in
future. A moderate amount of binding has been done during
the year.

In accordance with a resolution passed by the Society, on
November 9 last, an effort has been made to obtain portraits
and, where possible, autographs of all Presidents, Vice-
Presidents, Hon. Secretaries, Hon. Treasurers, and Editors
of the Society since its foundation in 1853. The number of
such officers to date is 56, and portraits of all except three
are now in hand. It is proposed to bind them in album form,
and in future to keep the collection up to date.

The membership now comprises 10 Honorary Fellows, 5
Corresponding Members, 74 Fellows, and 1 Associate.

Jos. C. Verco, President.

Water Routt, Hon. Secretary.
September 30, 1917.

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676

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY

FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1917.

TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, REPORTS, ETC.,

presented by the respective governments, societies, and
editors.

AUSTRALIA.
AUSTRALASIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1911-14. Scientific
reports, ser. C, vol. 4, pt. 1. Adel. 1916.
AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS. Proc.,
ns! no.;29-26;) Melb. 1916-17
AustRaALia. Advisory Council of Science and Industry.
Reports 1-3. Melb. 1916-17.
Memorandum on the Organization of Scientific
Research Institutions in U.S.A. Melb. 1916.
Bureau of Census and Statistics. Census of the
Commonwealth, 1911, vol. 1. Melb. 1917.
Official Year Book, No. 9. 1916.
Bureau of Meteorology. Bulletin, no. 14. 1916.
Rainfall map for 1916.
——- Dept. of External Affairs. Bull. of the territory of
Papua, ne. 3: Melbe)) 1915.
Dept. of Trade and Customs. Fisheries. Zoological
results of fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S.
‘‘Endeavour,’’ vol. 4, pt. 2-4. Melb. 1916.
STANLEY, E. R. Geology of Woodlark I., Papua.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

AUSTRALIAN Museum, Records, vol. 11, no. 5-10. 1916-17.

— Report, to June, 1916. Syd. 1916.

Linnean Society or N.S.W. Proc., vol. 41, pt. 3-4; 42, pt.
L. Syde Si 6—17e

Maiven, J. H. Critical revision of the genus Eucalyptus,

pt. 28-31. Syd. .1916-17.

Forest. flora of N.S: Waeivel. 6) (pt. 9210 ane

1916.

NATURALISTS’ Society oF N.S.W. Australian Naturalist,
vol. 3, pt. 4, 9-10; 13-14. Syd. 1914-17.

New Souty Wates. Botanic Gardens. Report, 1915.

Board of Fisheries. Report, 1915. “Syd. 1916:

677

New Sourn Wates. Dept. of Agriculture. Agricultural
gazette of N.S.W., vol. 27, pt. 10-12; 28, pt. 1-8.
1916-17.

Dept. of Mines. Report, 1916. Syd. '
Geological , Survey. Mineral resources of
N.S.W:, no. 22, 24, 26. Syd. 1916-17.

Records, vol. 9, pt. 3. 1916.
Dept. of Public Health. Report, 1914-15.
Rovat Society or N.S.W. Proc., vol. 18, 27, 50. 1885-1917.

SypnEyY University. Science papers, A, Bl, B2, 1909-16.

QUEENSLAND.
QUEENSLAND. Dept. of Agriculture. Botany bull., no. 19.
Brisp., 1917.
Dept. of Mines. Geological survey publications, no.
Za 250, 2o4, 2o72 mibrisp. yl 16.
Roya SociETY OF QUEENSLAND. Proc., vol. 28. 1916.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

Pusiic Lisrary, Museum, aNnD ArT GaLLeRy oF S.A.
Report, 1915-16.

Royat GeEoGRAPHICAL Society oF AvUSTRALASIA (S.A.
Branew). Proc:, vol. 17: Adel. 1917.

Soutn Avustratia. Dept. of Chemistry. Bull., no. 1-6, 8.
Adel. 1916-17.

——— Dept. of Mines. Metallurgical report, no. 1-2.

, 1916-17.

Review of mining operations in §.A., no. 24-

Dae 5 VOLO. .

Geological Survey. Bull., no. 6. 1917.

Government Geologist’s report, 1916.

Woods and Forests Dept. Report, 1915-16.

South AUSTRALIAN ScHooL oF MINES AND INDUSTRIES.
Annual report, 1915. Adel. 1916.

TASMANTA.
Roya Society oF Tasmania. Proc., 1916. Hobart. 1917.
Tasmania. Geological Survey. Bull., no. 25. 1916.
Mineral resources, no. 1, pt. 3; no. 2-4.

1916-17.
VICTORIA.
Royal GEOGRAPHICAL Society oF AUSTRALASIA (VICTORIAN
Branca). Journ,, vol. 33. Melb. 1917.
Roya Society oF Victoria. Proc., vol. 29. Melb. 1917.
Vicrorta. Dept. of Agriculture. Journ., vol. 14, pt. 10-12;
15, pt. 1-9. Melb. 1916-17
——— Dept. of Mines. Report, 1915-16.

678

Victoria. Dept. of Mines. Geological Survey. Mem., no.
tocp LOL:
Victorian - NatuRauist, vol: 33, no. 6-12; 34, no. I-5:
1916-17.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Roya Society oF W.A. Journ., vol. 1. Perth. 1916.
WESTERN AusTRALIA. Geological Survey. Bull., no. 66-69,
i2— ‘Perth. wooo.

ENGLAND.

British ANTARCTIC ExpEpDITION. Reports: geology, vol. 2.
cond: S16:

British Museum (Natura History). Catalogue of ungulate

mammals,.vol. 5. Lond 83ib:

Economic ser., no. 2. 1915.

Special guide, no. 7. 1916.

CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SociETy. Proc., vol. 19, pt. 1.

Trans.; vol. 22;. no2 10-14.) Camb: Siig

CaMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY. Library report, 1916.

Solar Physics Observatory. Annals, vol. 3, pt. 1.

ConcHoLogicaL Society. Journ., vol. 15, no. 4-6. Lond.
1916.

GroLocicaL Society oF Lonpon. Quarterly journ., vol. 71,
pt. 3-45.72, pil. Lond. LOi6-17.

Hornet, Jas. Marine zoology of Okhamandel. Lond. 1916.

IMPERIAL INSTITUTE. Bull., vol. 14, no. 2-4. 1916-17.

Linnean Society oF Lonpon. Journ.: botany, no. 292-4.

Journ.; zoology, no. 223. Lond. 1916.

Proc. and Gist, 1915 te:

LIVERPOOL GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Trans., 1916.

National PuystcaL Lasporatory. Report, 1915-16. Ted-
dington. 1916.

NortuH oF ENGLAND INSTITUTE OF MINING AND MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS. Trans., vol. 66, pt. 3-7. Newc. 1916.

OxFrorD UNiversitTy Press. Periodical, no. 88-92.

Royat CoronraL Institute. United Empire, vol. 7, no.
9-12558, nos 1-8: onde sae9uG- FT.

RoyvaLt GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Journ., vol. 48, no. 3-6; 49;
50, ‘no. 1-2. Tiond.2 Bower.

Royat Microscopicay Society. Journ., 1916, pt. 5-6; 1917,
pt. 1-3. Mond oTeatG

Roya. Socrety.. Prec.; ser. Ay no. 644-652; ser. By mo:

617-621. Lond. 1916-17.

Yearbook, 1917. ,

*TaTE AND BLAKE. The Yorkshire Lias. Lond. 1876.

*TaTE, RatpH. Rudimentary treatise on geology. 1887.

*TatE, THomas. Science contributions, 2 vols.

679

*TyNDAL, JOHN. Fragments of science. Lond. 1879.
Heat a mode of motion. Lond. 1880.
Six lectures on Light. Lond. 1875.
On Sound. Lond. 1875.
*Presented by Dr. J. C. VzERco.

| TRELAND.
Roya. Dusuin Society. Economic proc., vol. 2, no. 11.
Scientific proc., vol. 15, no. 1-14. Dubl. 1916.
Roya Irish AcapEMy. Proc., vol. 33, sect. A, no. 4-5, C.
no. 6-11; and List, 4915-16. Dubl. 1916.

SCOTLAND.
Royat Puysicau Society. Proc., vol. 20, pt. 1-2. Edin.
Roya Society oF EpinspureH. Proc., vol. 36; 37, pt. 1-3.
Trans., vol. 51, pt. 1-3. Edin. 1915-17-
Scottish GEOGRAPHICAL MaGazIne, vol. 33, no. 8. Edin.
1917.

ARGENTINE.
AcADEMIA NACIONAL DE Crenct1As. Boletin, tom. 9, entr. 3-4;
17, entr. 4; 21. Buenos Aires. 1886-1916.

BRAZIL.

Instituto OswaLpo Cruz. Mem., t. 8, pt. 1. Rio de Janeiro.

Museu Pavuista. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, vol. 2-4.
Sao Paulo. 1909-13.

— Notas preliminares, vol. 1, fasc. 1-3. 1907-14.

evista. vol.-2, 5.27, 9: TL69T-=1914.

CANADA.

Canava. Dept. of Mines. Geologecal Survey. Contributions
to Canadian palaeontology, vol. 3, pt. 1, 3-4. 1891-
1908.

—____ Mem. 51, 61-63, 73, 83, 85-86, 88-94,

Museum bull., no. 23-26. Ottawa.

Mines Branch. Bull., no. 14,17. 1917.

Publication, no. 388, 426. 1916.

CANADIAN RECORD OF SCIENCE, vol. 9, no. 8. Montreal. 1916.

Nova Scotian InstTituTe oF ScreNcE. Proc., vol. 14, pt. 2.
Halifax. 1916.

Roya Society oF Canapa. Proc., ser. 3, vol. 10; and List.
Ottawa. 1916.

CEYLON.
Co_omso Museum. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 10, pt. 38. 1916.

680

CHINA.

Royaut Asiatic Society, NortH-CHina Brancw. Journ., vol.
46. Shanghai. 1915.

DENMARK.

K. DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKABS. Oversigt, 1916, no.
3.
Skrifter: hist. og fil., ser. 7, Afd. 2, no. 5.
Skrifter: nat. og math., ser. 8, Afd. 1, no. 3; 2, no.
2-3. Cpng. 1916.

FRANCE.
BonapaRTE, Prince. Notes ptéridologiques, 1-2. Par. 1915.
SociETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE. Annales, vol. 85, pt.
2-4.
Bull. 1916, no. 416-21) 19 ieemo web, 9 - kOe
rou

INDIA.

Inp1a. Board of Scientific Advice. Report, 1915-16.
Botamcal Survey. Records, vol. 6, no. 1. 1912.
Dept. of Agriculture. Mem.: botanical ser., vol. 8,

no..1,.5-6:;.9, no. 1-2, 4). Gales 9iG-17%

Mem.: chemical ser., vol. 4, no. 6; 5, no. 1.

Report, 1915-16. Cale. 1917

Geological Survey. Mem., vol. 43, pt. 2. 1916.

Palaeontologia Indica, n.s., vol. 5, no. 3.

Records, vol. 47, pt. 3-4. Cale. 1916.

Pusa Agricultural Institute. Report, 1915-16.

Royat Asratic Society, Bompay Brancw. Journ., no. 70.

ITALY.

MALPIGHIA, anno. 27, fase. 7-12. Catania. 1916.

SociETA ITALIANA DI ScCIENZE Natura. Atti, vol. 55, fasc.
24.) $Pavia.® «uo l= fe

SocietA Toscana DI ScieENzE Naturaul. Processi verbali,
vol, 25, no, 2-4: Pisa. S091G:

ZOoLoGIA GENERALE E AGRARIA. Bollettino del laboratorio,
vol. 7-8. Portici. 1913-14.

JAPAN.

Formosa. Bureau of Productive Industries. Icones of the
plants of Formosa, vol. 6. Taihoku. 1916.

Japan. Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee. Bull.,
vol. 7, no. 2;.8)no.3! |) Tekyo. « 1916217;

Kyoto Imperiat University. College of Engineering. Mem.,
vol. 1, no. 6-10.. Kyoto. 1916-17.

—— College of Science. Mem., vol. 1, no. 8-10; 2, no. 1-2.

681

TOHOKU IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY. Science reports, Ist ser., vol.
5, no. 4-5; 6, no. 1-2; 2d ser., vol. 4, no. 2.

ToHoku MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL, vol. 10, no. 3-4; 11. Sendai.

Toxyo ImpeRIAL UNIVERSITY. Calendar, 1915-16.

College of Scvence. Journ., vol. 37, art. 6-8; 38,

ating 2 50, aru. t-o.. 1916-17. |

JAVA.
NepERLANDSCH Oost-InpDIE. Hoofd-Bureau Mijnwezen.
Jaarboek, 1914, pt. 3; 1915, pt. 1. Batavia. 1916.

MEXICO.
Instituto GEoLogico DE Mexico. Anales, no. l.
Boletin, no. 34. Mexico. 1916.
SoctrpaD CiENTiFICA “ANTONIO ALZATE.”’ #$Memorias y
revista, tom. 34, no. 1-10. Mexico. 1916.

NEW ZEALAND.

New Zeavtanp. Dept. of Internal Affurs. 49th annual
report of Dominion laboratory. Well. 1916.
Geological Survey. Bull., no. 18. 1917.

New ZEALAND INSTITUTE. Trans., vol. 48. Well.

NORWAY.

Bercens Museums. Aarbog, 1914, pt. 3; 1915-16.

——— Aarsberetning, 1914-16. Bergen.

K. Norskrt VIDENSKABERS SELSKABS. Skrifter, 1914.
Trondhjem.

StTavaNnceR Museum. Aarshefte, 1915. Stavanger. 1916.

PERU.
CUERPO DE INGENIEROS DE Minas. Boletin, 82-83. Lima.
RUSSIA.
SocigETE IMPERIALE DES NATURALISTES DE Moscov. Bull.,
P15.
— Mem., tom. 15, livr. 2, 4. Mosc. 1885-86.
SPAIN.

JUNTA DE CrENCIES NATURALS DE BaRcetona. Ser. zoologica,

i... Vi5 Vile eee
. SWEDEN.

ACADEMIE ROYALE DES’ BELLES-LETTRES D’HISTOIRE ET
D’ARCHEOLOGIE. Peinture Gothique en Suéde, intro.,
livre 1. 1916. Pres. by StockHotm UNIVERSITY
LipraRy, with 36 other pamphlets.

682

ENTOMOLOGISKA FORENINGEN I STOCKHOLM. Entomologisk
Tidskrift, Arg. 37, H., 1-4. Upsala. 1916.

SWITZERLAND.

NATURFORSCHENDE GESELLSCHAFT IN ZURICH. Viertel jahrs-
schrift, 1906, H. 1-3; 1907-10; 1912-15; 1916, H. 1-2.

SociEtE NEUCHATELOISE DES SCIENCES NaTURELLES. Mem..,.
vol. 5.

Socirté DE PHYSIQUE ET D’HisTorRE NATURELLE. Comte
rendu des sciences, vol. 32. Geneva. 1915.

UNON OF SOUTH AFRICA.

Dursan Museum. Annals, vol. 1, pt. 4-5. 1917.

Report, 1913, 1915-16.

GroLocicaL Society or §.A. Trans., vol. 19. Johannesburg.

Roya Society or 8.A. Trans., vol. 5, pt. 6. Cape Town.

S.A. ASSOCIATION, FOR THE ADVANCEMENT CF SCIENCE. Journ.,
vol!/.12, no. 12-1313, nex I-95 145 mer Tse Cane. own:

S.A. Museum. Annals, vol. 9, pt. 5; 15, pt. 3, 5-6.

Report, 1916. Cape Town. 1917.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Journ.,
vol. 16; pt. 3: 7 1916:

—-—— Proc., vol. 68, pt. 1-2. Philad. 1916.

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Journ., vol. 38; 39, no. 1-8.

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Geographical review, vol.
2° no. 3-63-35 "4, aos 1) aN, VenOG =e

AMERICAN MicroscoPicaL Society. Trans., vol. 35, no. 2-3.

AMERICAN Museum or Naturat History. Anthropological
papers, vol. 10, pt. 4; 11, pt, TIei2ete pt. 3-4; 18s
pi Lo 1o Spt Leen On oe

—~—--—-- Cicindelinae of North America.

——— Guide leaflets, no. 44. 1916.

——— Handbook ser., no. 4. 1916.

—— Journ., vol. 16, no. 6-8; 17, no. 1-5. 1916-17.

—— Mem., n:s., vol. 1, pt. 6. 1916.

——— Monograph ser., vol. 2. 1915.

Report, 1915.7 N.Y (ya tee

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Society. Proc., vol. 55, no. 1-7.

ARCHAELOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA. Journ. of archae-

ology, vol. 20, no. 3-4; 21, no. 1. Concord, N.H.

Art and archaeology, vol. 4, no. 2-6; 5. 1916-17.

Bernice Pavant BisHop Museum. Handbook, pt. 1. 1915.
Mem., vol. 4, pt. 2. Honolulu. 1917.

Occasional papers, vol. 3, no. 3-4; 6, no. 4.

683

BrookLyN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND ScIiENCES. Museum.
Mem., vol. 1, no. 1-2, 4. N.Y. 1902-04.

———— Museum quarterly, vol 3, no. 1-3. 1916.

Science bulletin, vol. 2, no. 6; 3, no. 1. 1916.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF ScrENCES. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 5,
no. 7-8; 6, no. 1-7. San. Fran. 1916.

CaLiForNia. State Mining Bureau. Bull., no. 71-73.

Geological map of California. 1916.

(CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY. Publications in American archae-

ology, vol. 11, no. 5-7; 12, no. 1. Berkeley. 1916.

Botany, vol. 5, no. 7-8; 6, no. 6-12.

Geology, vol. 8, no. 22; 9, no. 1-18; 10, no. 1.

Zoology, vol. 12, no. 13-16; 13, no. 11-12; 15, no. 1;
1G. ‘mo. al=15.- 4, 1915-16.

——— Agricultural Eaperiment Station. Entomology, vol.
Potton. ©, HOLT :

CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NaturaL History. Journ., vol. 22,
no. |.

(ConNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Mem., vol.
5. INew, ELaven.~ 1916. Press by YALE UNIVERSITY.
Trans., vol. 20, p. 241-399; 21, p. 1-144. 1916.
DENISON SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. Bull., vol. 17, art. 8-14;

tS) fs. Granville, QO: " 19t4-15.
Fietp Museum or Narurat History. Botanical ser., vol.
De HOT U.
Geological ser., vol. 3, no. 10. Chic. 1916.
Ornithological ser., vol. 1, no. 10.
——-— Report ser., vol. 5, no. 1, 1915. Chic.
Zoological ser., vol. 10, no. 14. 1916.
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. Journ., vol. 182, no. 3-6; 183; 184,
no. 1-2. Philad. 1916-17.
HaARvaRD CoLLece. Juseum of Comparative Zoology. Bull.,
Valeo OF 1,410. 1°35, no, i; 55, ne. 3-4; 56,ca8e-
Soto 3-4. 55, no. 6-1: 59-60; 61, mo. 2-9.

Report, 1889-94, 1913-15. Camb., Mass.
HawWattIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL Society. Proc., vol. 3, no. 3-4.
LELAND STANFORD UNIVERSITY. University ser., no. 21-23.
Minnesota. Geological Survey. Occasional papers, no. 1.
Minnescta UNIVERSITY. Studies in language and literature,
| no. 3. Minneapolis. 1915.

Studies in social sciences, No. 6. 1916.

Agricultural Experiment Station. Bull., no. 153-9.
NaTIONAL ACADEMY OF ScIENCES. Mem., vol. 14, no. 1.
Proe., vol.e2) no: 9212; 3; nolege) Wash. 1916.
Nesraska. Geological Survey. Vol. 4, pt. 2, 6, 8, 15-27.

Lincoln.

684

New York ACADEMY OF ScIENcES. Annals, vol. 26, p. 395-
486 5°27, pH BIN 1a) Ne ye™ eo:

New York Pusiic Liprary. Bull., vol.‘ 20, no. 9-12; 21,
nor 1-6;

New York ZooLocicat Society. Zoologica, vol. 2, no. 5.

Zoopathologica, vol. 1, no. 1-2. N.Y. 1916-17.

OBERLIN CoLLEGE. Laboratory bull., no. 17. Oberlin, O.

Wilson bull., vol. 28, no. 3-4; 29, no. 1-2.

Onto StaTE UNIVERSITY. Bull., vol. 21, no. 11. Columbus.

Biological Survey. Bull., vol. 2, no. 4-5. 1916-17.

Scientific Society. Journ., vol. 16, no. 1-4; 17, no.

1-8.

PHILLIPINES. Bureau of Science. Mineral resources, 1915.

Dept. of Public Instruction. Library bull., vol. 4,

no. 11-12. °

SMITHSONIAN InsTITUTION. Annual report, 1915. Wash.

Bureau of American Ethnology. Bull., no, 55, 62.

Report, 1907-09. Wash.

TENNESSEE. (Geological Survey. Bull., no. 19, 1917.

Resources of Tennessee, vol. 7, no. 2-3. Nashville.

Unitep States. Dept. of Agriculture. Bull. 329, 335, 347-8,
356, 361,365, 368.5370, 31%. 319, 0005 206.p400.

Farmers’ bull. 758. Wash. 1916.

Journal of agricutural research, vol. 6, no.

21, 523-265. 7-9); 10; no. 146. 1916-17;

North American fauna, no. 40. 1916.

Syllabus, no. 19. Wash.

Office of the Secretary. Circular 61.

Geological Survey. Bull. 610, 618-19, 6200, 621EMP,

623, 626-30, 632-6, 638, 640A-E, 641A-E, 645, 649.

Geologic folios, 195-201. 1915-16.

Mineral resources, 1914, I, 25-26; 1915, I,

125,075, D2, 1-14 Gy Sea

Professional paper, 89, 91, 98 A-KMN. 1916.

Water-supply paper, 332, 360, 369,- 374,
375G, 383-4, 387, 395, 398-9.

——_— National Museum. Bull. 50, pt. 7; 94; 96.

Contributions from the National Herbarium,

vol. 18, pt 55020; pied sie 1.7.

Proc., vol. 49-50. Wash. 1916.

WaGNER FREE INSTITUTE oF ScriENcE. Annual Announce-
ment, 1916-17. Philad.

WasHINGTON University, St. Louis. Studies, vol. 2, pt. 1,
no. 2, and pt. 2, no. 2; vol. 3, pt. 1, no. 1, and pt. 2,
noit-2; vol. 4, pt. 1, -ma, dey 1915-6.

685

Prot OF "MEMBERS

AS EXISTING ON

SEPTEMBER 30, 1917.

=—aaee—

Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers pub-
lished in the Society’s Transactions.

Any change in address should be notified to the Secretary.

Norse.—The publications of the Society will not be sent to
those whose subscriptions are in arrears.

Date of
Election.

1910.

1893.
1897.

1890.

1905.
1905.

1892.
1898.
1894.
1912.

Honorary FR.iows.

*Braaa, W. H., C.B.E., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Physics,
University College, London (Fellow 1886).

*“Cossman, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris.

*Davip, T. W. Ep@EwortH, C.M.G., B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.,
FE. G.S., Professor of Geology, University of Sydney.

*ETHERIDGE, Rospert, jun., Director and Curator of the
Australian Museum of New South Wales, Sydney.

Gitt, THomas, I.8.0., Under-Treasurer, Adelaide.

pear, O Cuas. is Assistant Curator, Australian Museum,
yan

*MAIDEN, r Fy I.8.0., F.R.S., F.L.S., Director Botanic
Gardens, Sydney, New. South Wales.

*MEYRICK, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., Tohrnhanger, Marl-
as TWitts, England.

*Witson, J. T., M_D., Ch.M., Professor of Anatomy,
University ‘of Sydney, New South Wales.

*“Trrrer, J. G. O., F.L.S., Elizabeth Street, Norwood
(Corresponding Member 1878, Fellow 1886).

CoRRESPONDING MEMBERS.

*Carter, H. J., B.A., Wahroonga, New South Wales.

*Jouncock, C. 1 Clare.

“STRETTON, W. G., Darwin, Northern Territory.

THomson, G. M., F.L.S., Dunedin, New Zealand. ;

*WooLnovaH, Waxrer George, D. Se., F.G.8., Professor in
Geology, University of Perth (Fellow 1902).

FELLOWS.

*Asupy, Epwin, M.B.O.U., Blackwood.
BaILey, J. F., Director Botanic Garden, Adelaide.
*BAKER, W. H., F.L.S., Glen Osmond Road, Parkside.
*Brack, J. McConnett, 1 Brougham Place, North Adelaide.
BRADLEY, Epaar J., C.E., Hydraulic Engineer’s Depart-

ment, Adelaide.
*BROUGHTON, A. C., Young Street, Parkside.
Brown, Epaar J., 'M.B., D:Ph.. 3, North Terrace.
*Brown, Ha Woe... ” 286, Ward Street, North Adelaide.
BruMMITT, Roserr, M.R.C. 5. Medindie.

1916.
1906.

1907.

1904.
1895.

1907.
1912.
1914.
1916.
1914.

1887.
1915.
1911.
1902.
1917.2

1914.
1904.

1880.
1910.

1904.
1916.
1916.

1896.
1883.

1912.

1893.
1910.

1915.
1897.
1884.
1888.
1914.
1905.

1874.
1907.
[Sore
19%:

1886.
fOr:

686

Buty, Lionet B., Laboratory, Adelaide Hospital.

Bunpty, Miss Exien Mine, 148, Molesworth Street,
North Adelaide.

*CuapMan, R. W., M.A., B.C.E., Professor of Mathematics
and Mechanics, University of Adelaide.

CuristTiE, W., 49, Rundle Street, Adelaide.

*“CLELAND, JoHN B., M.D., Government Bureau of Micro-
biology, Sydney, New South Wales.

“Cooke, W. T., D.Sc., Lecturer, University of Adelaide.

Corsin, H., B.Sc., Forest Department, Adelaide.

Cornisyu, K. M., Coast View, Adelaide Road, Glenelg.

Daruine, H. G., Franklin Street, Adelaide.

DarrocH, D. G., Australian United Paint Co., Port
Adelaide.

*Drxon, SAMUEL, Bath Street, New Glenelg.

Dopp, Atan P., Kuranda, N. Queensland.

Dutton, H. H., Anlaby.

Epauist, A. G., Tate Terrace, Croydon.

Fenner, C. A. E., D.Sc., F.G.S., Education Department,

Adelaide. :

Frereuson, E. W., M.B., Ch.M., Gordon Road, Roseville,
Sydney.

Gorpon, Davip, c/o D. & W. Murray, Gawler Place,
Adelaide.

*GoypER, George, A.M., F.C.S., Gawler Place, Adelaide.

*Grant, Kerr, M.Sc., Professor of Physics, University of
Adelaide.

GriFFitH, H., Brighton.

Hackett, W. C., Rundle Street, Adelaide.

Hancock, H. Lipson, A.M.1I.C.E., M.I.M.M., M.Am.1I.M.E.,
Moonta Mines.

Hawker, E. W., F.C.S., East Bungaree, Clare.

*Howcuin, Water, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology and
Paleontology, University of Adelaide.

Jack, R. L., B.E., Assistant Government Geologist,
Adelaide.

James, THomas, M.R.C.S., Moonta.

*Jounson, EE. A., M.D., M.R.C.S., 295, Pirie Street,
Adelaide.

Laurig, D. F., Agricultural Department, Victoria Square.

*Lea, A. M., F.E.S., South Australian Museum, Adelaide.

Lenpon, A. A., M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.S., Lecturer in
Obstetrics, University of Adelaide, and Hon.
Physician, Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide.

*LowEr, Oswatp B., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 18, Bartley Crescent,
Wayville.

Matuews, G. M., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Foulis Court,
Fair Oak, Hants, England.

*Mawson, Srr Doveras, D.Se., B.E., Wecturer in
Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Adelaide.

Mayo, Gro. G., C.E., 90, Hill Street, North Adelaide.

Mexrose, Rosert THomson, Mount Pleasant.

*Moraan, A. M., M.B., Ch.B., Angas Street, Adelaide.

*Osporn, T. G. B., M.Sc., Professor of Botany, University
of Adelaide.

Pootr, W. B., Savings Bank, Adelaide.

Poorer, T. S., B.A., LL.B., Register Chambers, Grenfell
‘Street.

1908.
1907.
1916.
1885.

1913.
1911.

1905.
1869.
1914.
1891.
1893.
1906.
1910.

1881.

1907.
1897.

1894.
1878.
1883.
1914,
1912.
1878.
1907.
1904.
1912.

1912.

1904.

687

Pope, Witt1amM, Eagle Chambers, King William Street.

PuueineE, Mayor R. H., M.B., North Terrace, Adelaide.

Ray, Winiiam, M.B., B.Sc., Victoria Square, Adelaide.

"Rennie, Enwarp H., M.A., D.Sc. (Lond.), Os: Pro
fessor of Chemistry, University of Adelaide.

Ripper, Starr-Seret. A. R., No. 7 A.G. Hospital, Keswick.

Roacu, B. S., Education -Department, Flinders Street,
Adelaide.

“Rogers, Lizvut.-Cont. R. S., M.A., M.D., Flinders Street,
Adelaide.

*Rutt, Water, C.EK., College Park, Adelaide.

SaunpERS, M. E., Wood Street, Millswood.

Senway, W. H., Treasury, Adelaide.

Simson, Aveustus, J.P., Launceston, Tasmania.

Snow, Francis H., National Mutual Buildings, King
William Street.

*Stantey, E. R., Government Geologist, Port Moresby,
Papua.

*Stirtine, Sir Epwarp C., Kt., C.M.G., M.A., M.D.,
F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology, University
of Adelaide, Hon. Curator of Ethnology, South Aus-
tralian Museum.

Swererapepte, H. A., M.D., Park Terrace, Parkside.

-*Torr, W. G., LL.D., M.A., B.C.L., Brighton, South Aus-

tralia.

“TurNnER, A. JEFFERIS, M.D., F.E.S., Wickham Terrace,
Brisbane, Queensland.

*Verco, JosePH C., M.D. (Lond.), F.R.C.S., Consulting
Physician Adelaide Hospital and Children’s Hospital.

Wartnweicut, EH. H., B.Sc. (Lond.), Seafield Tower,

Glenelg.

*WaitE, Enear R., F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.

Warp, Leonarp Keiru, B.A., B.E., Government Geologist,
Adelaide.

Wares, W. L., King William Street.

Wess, Noet A., Barrister, Waymouth Street, Adelaide.

WuitTspreap, Howarp, c/o A. M. Bickford & Sons, Currie
Street, Adelaide.

*Warrte, Captain S. A., M.B.0O.U., ‘‘Wetunga,’’ Fulham,
South Australia. ;

*Zirrz, F. R., South Australian Museum.

ASSOCIATE.

Rosrnson, Mrs. H. R., ‘Las Conchas,’’ Largs Bay, South
Australia.

688

APPENDIGES:,

FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION

OF THE

Moval Society of South Australia (Incorporated).

THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
COMMITTEE.

For THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 18, 1917.

Your Committee is pleased to report that the meetings
and excursions of this Section have been well attended during
the year.

The election of officers at the annual meeting held on
September 19, 1916, resulted in the following members being
appointed to the various offices: —Chairman, Prof. T. G. B.
Osborn, M.Se.; Vice-Chairmen, Sgt. A. R. Riddle and Mr.
W: J: Kimber; »ffon.',Treasurer, Mr. B. B. Beek; Hon:
Secretary, Mr. Wm. Ham; Hon. Assistant Secretary, Miss E.
Hocking; //on. Librarian, Miss I. Roberts; Committee,
Lieut.-Col. R. S. Rogers, M.A., M.D., Capt. S. A. White,
M.B.0.U.,’ Mr. W. J. Mellor, BR ALOMOLS Meee E Gock
FR.HGS. 3 Mrs: BR. 8S.) Rogers, Mr. W Eh Selway:> Miro
Llewellyn, and Mrs. J. F. Mellor; Hon. Auditors, Messrs.
Walter D. Reed and A. W. Drummond.

During the year the Rules of the Society were altered to
include the Chairman and Hon. Secretary of the Fauna and
Flora Protection Committee as ex officio members of the
Committee of the Section. The names of Messrs. E. Ashby,
Chairman, and Mr. P. H. Runge, Hon. Secretary of the
Fauna and Flora Protection Committee were therefore added
to those enumerated above.

The Fauna and Flora Protection Committee was also
elected at the annual meeting on September 19, 1916. The
following were chosen:—Mr. Edwin Ashby (Chairman); Mr.
P. H. Runge (Hon. Secretary); Lieut.-Col. R. 8S. Rogers,
M.A., MiD.; Dr. W. Ramsay Smith, Dr A: He. Pulleme,

689

Messrs. W. H. Selway, J. W. Mellor, J. M. Black, A. G.
Edguist, E. H. Lock, A. M. Lea, 8. Angel, J. Willmott,
R. Llewellyn, 8. Stokes, and Capt. 8. A. White.

At the meeting held on October 17, 1916, in the absence
of the Chairman (Capt. S. A. White), who was then on
a scientific expedition to Central Australia, Mr. W. H.
Selway gave an interesting lecture on the Buffalo Ranges in
Victoria. With the aid of photographs and maps the lecturer
dealt with the geographical, physiographical, geological, and
scenic features of the region. Mr. Aitken gave a short paper
dealing with the adaptations in the structure of the fruit-
eating and insect-eating bats. At the same meeting many
interesting exhibits were tabled by Miss I. Roberts, Mr. E. H.
Ising, Mr. E. Drummond, and Mrs. J. F. Mellor.

The next evening meeting was held on May 17, 1916,
when Capt. S. A. White gave his lecture, ‘‘With an Expedi-
tion through the Cooper Creek District,’’ in which he dealt
most interestingly with his experiences in Central Australia
while collecting specimens of natural history, in company
with the Director of the Museum (Mr. Edgar R. Waite,
F.L.S.). A large number of slides added to the interest of the
address. The lecturer made an eloquent appeal for the
co-operation of his hearers in the effort to secure from the
Government the reservation of the land over which the
Everard blacks still roam untouched by contact with the
whites.

On June 19 Dr. E. O. Teale lectured on ‘‘Travels in
Tropical Africa.’’ The speaker dealt with the physiography
of that region of coastal East Africa between the Zambesi
and the Limpopo Rivers. By the-aid of diagrams the
lecturer illustrated the geological and physiographical features
of the region dealt with. He also exhibited a large number
of beautiful slides showing the scenic beauties resulting from
the uplift of part of the district, producing scarp faces, and
giving the rivers power to wear down picturesque gorges.

At the monthly meeting held on July 17, 1917, Mr. J. F.
Bailey (Director of the Botanic Garden) dealt with the
subject of “‘Queensland Plants at Home.’’ With the aid of
a large number of artistically executed slides, the lecturer
took his hearers into the various botanical. regions of the
Queensland scrubs and forests, and introduced them to many
of the most interesting plants to be found on the coast, in the
coastal plains, the southern forests and scrubs, the tropical
forests, and the great western plains. :

Dr. -C. Fenner, ¥.G:S.,. spoke;on @¢fhe History of a
River’”’ at the monthly meeting held on August 21, 1917. The
lecturer dealt with the growth and work of rivers generally

690

in cutting down their beds and forming flood plains and
deltas, thus producing most interesting scenic effects as well
as being of great economic value. The lecture was illustrated
with many diagrams and views of Australian river scenery,
etc.

On October 11, 1916, a small party, under the leadership
of Mr. E. H. Lock, visited Sibley’s marble quarries, at
Angaston. A large number of members, under the leadership
of Mr. W. H. Selway, collected native flowers in the scrub
between Williamstown and Kersbrook, securing a good number
of species, orchids being especially abundant.

An excursion was made on October 21, 1916, to the
National Park, Belair. Professor Osborn led the botanists,
who secured a large number of specimens, while Mr. A. M.
Lea secured some interesting insects and addressed the
members on the subject of the food of birds.

The next excursion was to the Marino Rocks, on Novem-
ber 11, 1916, under the leadership of Mr. W. J. Kimber.
The few members who braved the elements had an interesting
time, and secured several kinds of shells. In the afternoon
Mr. Kimber addressed the members on the living inhabitants
of the shells found.

On December 22, 1916, the President (Professor Osborn)
met a large party in the Botanic Garden and spoke on the
Pitcher Plants (Wepenthes) and the Cycads, illustrating his
remarks by specimens and by the plants growing in the
Garden, after which an adjournment was made to the
Classification Ground, where many interesting plants were
observed. The party afterwards rambled through the Garden,
noting amongst other things the rubber tree, the banyan, and
the collection of wattles.

The first excursion of the year 1917, held on January
20, was a dredging trip. Starting from the Outer Harbour
the party made a few casts of the dredge at the Semaphore
anchorage, and then returned to the Port River, where
dredging was resumed in the North Arm, where a few
specimens were obtained. Mr. Edgar R. Waite spoke on the
Oyster, referring especially to the diseases which attacked it.
Mr. Kimber spoke on the life history of some shell fish, and
Mr. W. Ham drew attention to the adaptation of the
mangrove to its surroundings, referring especially to the work
of the pneumatophores.

On January 29, 1917, members joined in an all-day
dredging trip in” Gulf St. Vincent. The party spent
the night on board, and at dawn the vessel was well out in
the Gulf. Several hauls were made during the day, and some
interesting material was gathered. A new shell, of the genus

691

Volvatella, was secured, this being the first occasion on which
a specimen of this genus has been taken in South Australian
waters. The species has not yet been determined, and is
probably new to science.

On March 10, 1917, a large number of members travelled
to the Waterworks Reserve at Clarendon, under the leadership
of Capt. S. A. White. Many species of native birds were
observed in their native haunts, and the leader gave a short
lecture on some of the most interesting of South Australian
wild birds, illustrating his remarks by a number of skins
which he had secured from Central Australia and elsewhere,
chiefly those of the robins found in Australia. The Experi-
mental Orchard at Blackwood was also visited by the section.
The members were shown over the orchard by Mr. G. Quinn,
Instructor in Horticulture, and the Manager, Mr. C. Savage.
These officers described the plan of the orchard and, gave
particulars of some of the experiments then in progress.

On April 21, 1917, Professor Osborn led a numerous
party across LeFevre Peninsula from the coast to the river.
The leader dealt, in turn, with the principal points in the
botany of the shore, the sand-dunes, the plains, the swamps,
and the mangrove flats, comparing the adaptations of the
different societies of plants to their varying environments.

Staff-Sergt. Riddle led a party through the Brighton
cement works on May 5, 1917, when the members were able
to inspect the quarries from which the raw material was
taken, and thence to follow the whole process of manufacture
to the finished article. |

On May 7, 1917, a large number of members travelled
by train to Port Noarlunga under the leadership of Mr. W. J.
Kimber. The members were able to secure a number of
fossils from the tertiary cliffs and to gather a harvest of
interesting shells, sponges, fish, etc., on the shore. The
leader dealt interestingly with the material collected. The
botany of the sand-dunes, near the mouth of the River
Onkaparinga, was also investigated.

A visit to the Museum was made on May 19, 1917, when
the Director (Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S.) addressed the
members and showed them through the new Australian Wing
of the Museum.

The inclemency of the weather on June 4, 1917, pre-
vented the party from carrying out the original intention of
visiting the aboriginal caves on the Para River. A trip was
made to Gawler, where the party inspected the Gawler
Institute and examined the Museum under the guidance of
Mr. F. R. Zietz.

692

On June 9, 1917, the members visited the Metallurgical
Experimental Laboratory, on the Frome Road. The Manager
of the Works, Mr. Connor, described the various methods of
treatment of ores pursued in the laboratory, and the members
spent a profitable afternoon.

Dr. C. Fenner, F.G.S., led a party on June 16, 1917, up
the Waterfall Gully at Burnside. With the aid of diagrams
distributed to the members of the party, the leader described
the geological and physiographical features of the locality.

On June 30, 1917, Mrs. R. 8S. Rogers conducted a party
of members through a portion of the National Park, at Belair.
Though the visit was early in the season, members succeeded
in securing a number of species of orchids.

Mr. A. G. Edquist acted as leader on July 14, 1917, the
excursion being to Eden Hills. The party was able to study
the glacial till 7m sitw on the creek, the members being supplied
~ with diagrams, which enabled them to follow the leader’s very
interesting descriptions.

Professor Osborn led the excursion on August 11, 1917,
to the Black Hill. Here the party was able to gather a great
number of species of native flowers. A special study was
made of the many species of Drosera met with in this locality.
The leader also spoke on the fertilization of the Hakeas.

On August 25 Mr. Ernest H. Ising led a party from the
Upper Sturt railway station to Belair. Members secured a
number of native flowers, and the leader spoke on the method
of classification of plants, illustrating his remarks by the

specimens taken.
T. G. B. Ossporn, Chairman.

W. Ham, Hon. Secretary.

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694

MALACOLOGICAL SECTION

OF THE

Poval Society of South Australia (Incorporated).
ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1916-1917.

Seven meetings were held during the year. There are
ten members. The average attendance of members was 4°3.

Over sixty species of shells, belonging to the following
genera, have been identified and classified during the year :—
Thais, Listrum, Fusis, Latirofusis, Altwwasum, Fasciolaria,
Marginella, Mitia, Turris, Imbricaria, Lyria, and Scapha.

Dr. Verco has been elected President and Dr. Torr, Hon.
Secretary and Treasurer for 1917-18.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR 1916-17.

Receipts.
so Beh se
To Subscriptions... ae Ed) aN eee LO a0
», Debit Balance ... sh ee as Se Si
£418 6
Expenditure.
2 sig:
By Debit Balance, 1915-16 OS ASO
», Printing Post ‘Cards... sels = x opetomteeea eee
», Subscription to Royal Society bs ota) oe Oa)
£418 6

Wrirram G. Torr, Hon. Treasurer.

695

ieee RAL INDE xX?

[Generic and specific names printed in italics indicate that the
forms described are new. |

Ablepharus boutonii, 472.

Aboriginal pictographs, 667.

Abstract of Proceedings, 665

Abutilon Fraseri, 383, 644; Mitchelii,
644.

Acacia brachystachya, 640; Bynoe-
ana, 46, 382; iteaphylla, 640 ;
linophylla,. 381; Menzelu, 45;
Oswaldii, 45, 640 ; Randelliana,
381; rigens, 382; salicina, 382, 642 ;
varians, 641.

Acanthentedon, 303; A. laticeps, 363.

Acanthiza iredalei morgani, 459.

Acanthogenys rufogularis cygnus,
465.

Accipitriformes, 448.
Acharana licarcisalis,
Achrysocharis, 366.
Acidalia hypochra, 55;
Acroclita, 56.
Additions to the Library, 676.
Adriana tomentosa, 583.
Aegotheles cristata, 453.
Aeoloscelis orthochroa, 377.
Agamerion metallica, 359.
Agamidae, 470
Agriophara capnodes, 370;
tella, 370; tephroptera, 370.
Agrotis ypsilon, 55.
Aizoaceae, 637.
Aizoon quadrifidum, 637.
Alcedinidae, 5.
Allium rotundum, 42.
Alopecurus geniculatus, 632.
Alternanthera denticulata, 380;
flora, 637.
Alyxia buxifolia, 385.
Amarantaceae, 580, 637.
Amaurobius australiensis, 483; var.
exciccatus, 483.
Amphibolurus barbatus, 470; pictus,
470; reticulatus, 470.
Amphipogon strictus, var.
379.

54, 56.

rubraria, 55.

confer-

nodi-

gracilis,

Amsinckia angustifolia, 50.

Anacampseros australiana, 44.

Anacampsis simplicella, 371.

Anarsia dryinopa, 373; leucophora,
373; trichodeta,

Anastatus aristotelea, 357.

Anatidae, 448.

Aneurystypus inermicollis, 570;
pachypus, 568; pilosicollis, 569.
Angianthus pusillus, var. polyanthus,

647; tomentosus, 388

Annual meeting, 671.

Annual Report, 672.

Anseriformes, 448.

Anthemus chionaspidis hilli, 352.

Anthicidae, 178, 580.

Anthicus australis, 581 ;
582 ; semipunctatus,
tlus, 580.

Anthocercis myosotidea, 386.
Anthribidae, 617.

Anthus australis, 465.
Antiopala ebenospila, i:

Aphanasium albopilosum, 618.

Aphelinus ciliatus, 353.

posticalis,
580 ; xeroph-

Aphelocephala leucopsis, 462, 468;
nigricincta, 462, 468.

‘Apocynaceae, 385.

Appendices, 688.

Apus australiensis, 480.

erate (Museum Expedition),

Arctiadae, 53, 54.

Ardeidae, 447.

Ardeiformes, 447.

Argyroploce illepida, 56.

Ariathisa, 55

Aristeis hepialella, 15.

Aristida stipoides, 634.

Aristotelia peltosema, o71.

Artamidae, 460.

Artamus leucorhynchus leucopygi-
alis, 460,

Articerus cylindricornis, 125; fort-

numi, 125.

Asclera mansueta, 272.

Ashby, E., Notes on various birds,
662 ; Notes on Styphelia depressa,
664; Exhibits of birds, 665, 669,
671; chitons, 667; plants, 671.

Ashbyia lovensis, 458.

Aspidites ramsayi, 436.

Astragalus hamosus, 47.

Astrebla pectinata, 633.

Atheropla psammodes, 79.

Atractocerus tasmaniensis, 143; vic-
toriensis, 142.

Atriplex limbatum, 635 ; spongiosum,
580, 635; velutinellum, 635; vesi-
caria, 380.

Aurepthianura aurifrons, 457.

Austrartamus melanops, 460, 468.

Austrodicaeum hirundinaceum, 463.

Austrotis australis, 447.

Austroturnix v. velox, 442, 466.

Automolus, 557; A. alpicola, 557;
brunneus, 561; burmeisteri, 558;
depressus, 558; granulatus, 558;
melancholicus, 559; propygidialis,
560; semitifer, 558; tridentifrons,
Bog:

Aves (Museum Expedition), 441.
Axolotl, 670.

Bailey, J. F., Exhibit of native mat,
669 ; Exhibit of fruits, 669.

Balance-sheets, 674, 693, 694.

Barea consignatella, 57; eophila, 57.

Barnardius barnardi whitei, 482,
467.

Bassia biflora, 636; diacantha, 380;
echinopsila, 42, 380; lanicuspis,
636; longicuspis, 43 ; paradoxa,
380, 635 ; sclerolaenoides, 636.
Batrachedra arenosella, 376; cap-
nospila, 376; crypsineura, 376;
hologramma, 376 ; hypoleuca, 376;
lygropis, 377; 'stenosema, 376;
sterilis, 377; zonochra, 376.

Batrisodes bimucronatus, 125.

Bauhinia beans, 665; Carronii, 640.

Belus acaciae, 599; acutipennis, 603;
anguineus, 597; angustatus, 607;
angustulus, 598; bison, 597; cris-
tatus, 598; cylindricus, 610; ewxilis,
602 ; floccosus, 610; halmaturinus,
608 : interruptus, 599 : lacustris,
609; mzmicus, 600; multimaculatus,
601; orthodoxus, 613; plagiatus,
589: podagrosus, 604; scalaris,
598; semipunctatus poverus, 597;
tibialis, 597; trilinealbus, 611;
variabilis, 605; vertebralis, 599;
vetustus, 599; vwvzl/osus, 614.

Beyeria opaca, 383.

Binsitta effractella, 119.

Birds, Exhibits of, 662, 663, 665, 668,
669, 671; notes on, 662, 663.

Blabophanes argillacea, 374; ethel-

ella, 374; ferruginella, 374; meli-
orella, 374.
Black, J. M., Vocabularies of Three

South Australian Native Lan-
guages, 1; Additions to the Flora
of South Australia, 41; Flora of
South Australia, 378; Botany
(Museum Expedition), 631; x-
hibits of plants, 668, 670.
Blennodia canescens, var.
sperma, 638; cardaminoides,
lasiocarpa, 637; trisecta, 45,
Boarmia, 55; inflexaria,
Boeckella, 482.
Boidae, 436.
Boraginaceae, 49, 386, 645.
Borkhausenia anthemodes,
Boronia caerulescens, 382.
Bossiaea Walkeri, 382.
Bostrychidae, 577.
Botany (Museum Expedition), 631.

ptero-

638 ;
8.

57.

696

Brachaciptera, B;

519 ;

Eps
tibialis, 318

auricoma,

| Brachycola, 53.

Brachycome ciliaris, var. lanuginosa,

652; )- exilis, 51; * Muelleri,; -Si:
pachyptera, 652.

Bragg, Professor, and Rumford
Medal, 666.

Bromine and lJIodine Content of

Water from Lake Gairdner, 39.
Bromus arenarius, 6353; Madritensis,
41; rubens, 41.
Bruchidae, 617.
aa novae-hollandiae ethelae,
Buprestidae, 575.
Burhinidae, 447.
Burhinus magnirostris, 447.

Cacatoidae, 451.
Calamagrostris aemula, 632 ;
lardieri,
Calamidia, 53.
Calandrinia balonnensis,
caulescens, var.
Callimomidae, 360.
Callitris propinqua, 41.
Calocephalus platycephalus,
Calomanthus campestris
457.
Calosoma schayeri, 492.
Calotis erinacea, 387, 653; hispidula,
653; multicaulis, 648.
Campanulaceae, 647.
Campbellornis personatus
460, 468; superciliosus, 460.
Camponotinae, 14.
Campophagidae, 456.
Canis dingo, 431.
Cantharidae, 269.
Capparidaceae, 638.
Capparis Mitchelii, 638.
Caprimulgidae, 454.
Capua, 56.
Carabidae, 492.
Cassia eremophila, var.
382; Sturtii, 382, 639.
Casuriiformes, 442.
Catoptropelicanus conspicillatus, 448.
Caulobius caviceps, 520; punctulatus,

var. Bil-

380, 637;
Menziesii, 380.

648.

isabellinus,

munna,

platypoda,

519.
Cavonus acutifrons, 567; armatus,
568; parvus, 568.

Centipeda Cunninghamii, 652.
Cerambycidae, 314, 617.
Cerchneis cenchroides, 450.
Certhiidae, 463.
Certhionyx variegatus, 464.
Chalcididae, 344.
Chalcidoidea, Australian, 344.
Chalinolobus gouldii, 430.
Charadriidae, 445.
Charadriiformes, 444,
Cheiroplatys castaneus,
vatus, 571.

572 ;

exca-

Chenonetta jubata, 448.

Chenopodiaceae, 42, 379, 635.

Chenopodium atriplicinum, 42; auri-
comum, 636; microphyllum, 379 ;
nitrariaceum, 636.

Cheramoeca leucosternum stonei, 454.

Chezala absona, 80; aleurias, 80;
silvestris, 81; torpida, 81.

Chilton, C., Australian Isopoda, 391;
Crustacea (Museum Expedition),
475.

Chitons, 667.

Chlamydopsis comata, 126.

Chloris acicularis, 633.

Chloroclystis laticostata, 55.

Choreutis bjerkandrella, 376.

Chrysomelidae, 319, 625.

Chrysoryctis heminephela,
purella, 375; talantias, 375.

Cieindela, 125; C. antigua, 121;
frenchi, 124; iosceles, 123; plebeia,

Efe

123; queenslandica, 123; ypsilon,
124,

Cicindelidae, 121, 491.

Cidaria, 53.

Cinclorhamphus cruralis cantatoris,
45

Cirphis loreyi, 55; C. unipuncta, 55.

Cistelidae, 579.

Citharodica leparga, 108.

Cladocera, 482.

Cleland, ue B., Exhibit of drawings
of fungi, 669.

Cleonymidae, 359.

Cleridae, 577.

Climacteris waitei, 463.

Clubionae, 486.

Clubiona robusta, 486.

Clubionidae, 485,

Coccidencyrtus eucalypti, 354.

Coccinellidae, 630.

Coccophagus clarus, 352.

Coceyges, 454.

Coesyra achranta, 74;
bathrophaea, 68; chrysocolla. 68;
delicia, 70; diadela, 71; disticta,
tea epiplasta, 70; euryzona, 69;
gilvella, 75; haplogramma, 172;
hemiphragma, 69; iodeta, 68;
lochmaea, + 71; monoides, 74:
phaeocephala, 69; silacea, 13;

asema, 74;

spectabilis, 68; sporeta, 75; steno-
typa, 72; syneches, 69; thiodes,
74; timalphes, 70; translatella,

68; zanclotypa, 73.
Coleoptera, 121, 491.
Colluricincla, 461.
Columbidae, 443.
Columbiformes, 443.
Colydiidae, 496.

Compositae, 51, 387, 647.
Compsotropha “flavitincta, 93.
Coniferae, 41.
Conopomorpha irrorata, 375.

697

Convolvulaceae, 385, 645.

Convolvulus erubescens, 385, 645.

Cooke, W. T., The Iodine and
Bromine Content of a Sample of
Water, 39.

Copepoda, 482.

Copidita apicifusca, 307; appendicu-

lata, 305: baldensis, 297: bipar-
tita, 273: erythroderes, 304: fuscz-
collis, 300; illota, 306; interocu-
laris, 302; interrupta, 305; ker-
shawi, 297; languida, 298; mari-
tima, 299; mira, 301; nigronotata,
297; oblongicollis, 303; pulchra,

299; puncta, 295;
sloanei, 298.
Copriodes, 57.
Coraciiformes, 453.
Coracina novae-hollandiae melanops,.
4506. :
Corethropalpa melanoneura, 78.
Corvidae, 465.
Corvus coronoides perplexus, 465.
Corythangela ochroneura, ar6is
pudica, 376.
Cosmaerops ornatus, 454.
Crambus cuneiferellus, 56.
Craspedia chrysantha, 647;
cephala, 51, 647.
Crassulaceae, 45.
Cratystylis conocephala, 388.
Cristatithorax viridiscutum, 356.
Crocanthus micradelpha, 373.
Crocydopora cinigerella, 56.
Crotalaria Cunninghamii, var. ¢r-
foliolata, 639.
Cruciferae, 45, 380, 637.
Crustacea (Museum
475; Exhibit of, 669.

ruficollis, 296;

pleio- |

Expedition),

Cryptodus Obzlobus, 574: caviceps,
575; gigas, 573; passaloides, 5
Cryptophaga blackburnii, 369; delo-
centra, 569.

Ctenoplectron humerale, 172; rufo-
brunneum, 172.

Cubaris claytonensis, 479.

Cuculidae, 454.

Curculionidae, 582.

Cyanalcyon pyrrhopygius, 453.

Cyperaceae, 42, 635.

Dampiera lanceolata, 387: mari-
folia, 50.

Daphnia, 482.

Dascia sagittifera, 375.

Dascillidae, 576.

Dasycerca apocrypha, 59.

Decemplocotes brevipennis, 146.

Dermestidae, 496.

Deto marina, 399.

Diasemia, 56.

Diatomaceous earth from Lord Howe:
Island, .

Dicaeidae, 463.

Dichromia quinqualis, 53.

698

Dicrastylis Beveridgei, 386; Costelloi,
645

Dictynidae, 483.
Didiscus eriocarpus, 49; glaucifolius,
645

Dilleniaceae, 48, 384.
Dimorphotheca pluvialis, 388.
Dinka model of elephant, 668.
Diphobia foveata, 154; intricata,
155; metallica, 155; myrmecophila,
153.
Diphucephala
galis,
Diplachne loliiformis, 633.
Diplocotes foveicollis, 45S) Veaeg)-
strigicollis, 150.
Diplopseustis perieralis, 54.
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, 45.
Diporophora australis, 470.
Dircaea bimaculipennis, 173.
Dischisma capitatum, 50.
Distypsidera, 124: D.
122.
Ditropidus davisi, 626; gymnopterus,
625

Dodd, Al Pe Nueeralian! | @haleider

neigritarsis, 121; re-

pictipennis,

idea, 544.

Dodonaca microzyga, 643; viscosa,
643.

Dohrnia bzfoveicollis, 294; bois-
duvali, 293; eremita, 294

Doleromima cosmopoda, 119; rhaphi-

dvas, “119'-) (rhodomita, 2119 > > tri-
punctella, 118.
Dolomedes australianus, 486.
Dorycnopa_ heliochares, 371;
morea, 871; orthodesma, 371.
Drassidae, 483.
Drawings of Fungi, 669.
Dromiceiidae, 442.
Dromiceius novae-hollandiae, 442.
Ducorpsius gymnopis, 451.
Dytiscidae, 493.

mar-

Kchinospermum concavum, 645.

Echium italicum, 50.

Ectrephes, 145; E. clavatus, 146.

Edquist, A. oy Exhibit of mould,
670.

Egernia whitii, 471.
Elachanthus pusillus, 51.
Elachistidae, 376.
Elaeonoma, 54.
Elasmidae, 345.
Elasmus telicotae, 345.
Elateridae, 576.
Elseya melanops, 445.
Emenadia, 254; KE.
cucullata; 257;
interioris, 257;
maculicollis, 255; nigroapicalis,
258, 582; novae-hollandiae, 254;
582; punctulaticeps, 258: rufo-
fasciata, 259; setipennis, 262:
tricolor, 255.

crassipes, 261;
diversiceps, 257;
laeviceps, 260;

‘Euryischia

Enamillus mauricei, 497.
Enasiba tristis, 145.
Enchylaena tomentosa, 637.
Encyrtidae, 352.
Endotricha, 56.

English black rat, 6067.
Eochrois magniferella, Jah
Kolophus roseicapillus, 451.

Komystis ebenosticha, 110: melano-
plecta, 110.
Epacticus bimaculatus, 595; nigri-

rostris, 596;

whitei, 594.
Epamaebus ziczac, 593.
Epibrontis hemichlaena, 372.
Epicrocis sublignalis, 53.
Epimimastis porphyroloma, ot5.
Epiphthora chionocephala, 371.
Epipyrga hemiphaés, 58.
Kpithectis mesoleuca, 371.

occidentalis, 595;

Eragrostis Brownii, 632; falc&ta,
632; pilosa, 379; setifolia, 632.

Erechthias, 54.

Eremophila alternifolia, 387, 647;
Freelingi, 646: Goodwinii, 387:
longifolia, 046; MacDonnelli,

646; maculata, 646;
Eretes australis, 493.
Eriochloa punctata, 034.
EKrodiophyllum Elderi, 389.
Eryngium rostratum, 49.
Krythrogonys c. cinctus, 444.
Essolithna jonesz, 590.

Kstheria packardi, 480.

Eucalypts, South Australian, 333.

Eucalyptus bicolor, 3840; Black-
burniana, 340; calycogona, 340;
cladocalyx, 341; cneorifolia, 340;
diversifolia, 333; hemiphloia,
incrassata, 385; leucoxylon, 341;
microtheca, 644; odorata, 339;
ovata, 541; uncinata, 585.

Eucosma plebeiana, 56.

Euctenia fusca, 266; myalops, 265;
sericea, 264.

Eulachna xanthospila, 59.

Eulechria delochorda, 58;
chroa, 58.

Eulophidae, 361.

Kupelmus, 356.

Euphiltra angustior, 106; celeteria,
107; epilecta, 107; eroticella, 106;
fusiplaga, 106.

Euphorbiaceae, 383,

Euphorbia Drummondii, Soo, 645.

Euplectromorpha variicolor, 367.

Euprionocera, 101; E. eremnopa, 102;
geminipuncta, 102.

Eupselia anommata, 118.

Kurostopodus mystacalis, 454.

Eurydinota braconis, 349.

aleurodis, 346;
spearei, 346.

Eurytoma, 359.

Eurytomidae, 358.

Paisleyi, 387.

shake-

Evaniocera, 262: E. fusca,
megalops, 265; meyricki, 263;
minuta, 264; nervosa, 262; per-
thensis, 264; pruinosa, 263 : sericea,
264.

@xocarpus spartea, 379.

Expedition to Strzelecki and Cooper
Creeks, 405.

Falconidae, 448.

Field Naturalists’ Section, 688.

Flexible Sandstone, 669.

Flora of South Australia, 41, 378.

Frankeniaceae, 48, 644.

Frankenia fruticulosa, 48;
folia, 644.

Fruits, Exhibite of, 669.

Fungi, Drawings of, 669.

Fusanus acuminatus, 3579.

Geckonidae, 469.

Gehyra variegata, 469.

Gelechia anthochra,.372; desmanthes,
371; dictyomorpha, 372; melanop-
tila. 372; pvenoda, 372.

Gelechiadae. 371.

Se nilotica
4

serpylli-

macrotarsa,

Geococcus pusillus, 45.

Geometridae, 53, 55.

Geraniaceae, 643.

Geranium dissectum, 643.

Germarica lilliputana, 576.

Glacial erratic, 671.

Glareolidae, 446.

Glass, Exhibits of Coloured, 665.

Glyceria ramigera, :

Gnephosis arachnoidea, 388;
opappa, 648;
skirrophora, 649.

Gnorimoschema bucolica, 372;
opa, 3572;
perdita, 372:
xerophylla, 372.

Goodeniaceae, 50, 387, 647.

Goodenia eycloptera, 647; glauca,
var. sericea, 50; strophiolata, 387.

eee, 54; G. xanthopharella,

Grallina cyanoleuca, 461.

Gramineae, 41, 378, 632.

cyath-
eriocarpa, 649;

heli-
lecucooephala, 372;
petrinodes, 372;

Grevillea pterospnerma, 379: steno-
botrya, 379, 635.
Gymnorhina_ hvypoleuca _leuconota,

461; tibicen, 461.
Gypoictinia melanosterna, 449.

Hailstorm, Remarkable, 323.

Hakea leucoptera, 635; ulicina, var.
flexilis, 42.

Halgania cyanea, 386.

Haliastur sphenurus, 449.

Hallornis cyanotus, 459, 467.

Halophila ovalis, 41.

Halorrhagidaceae, 49, 644.

699

266; |Halorrhagis elata, 49; heterophylla,

var. claucifolia, 49 ; var. aspera,

6

Halticorcus, 319; A. platyceri, 320.

Hamotopsis auricomus, 125.

Haplonycha, 497; H. b¢mucronata,
504; cara, 507; dilatata, 512; ery-
throcephala, 500; gymnopyga, 503;
interocularis, 502; tridipennis, 508;
marginata, 496; mixta, 501;
nobilis, 498; novemarticulata, 505;
octoarticulata, 499; opaca, 510;
pilosa, 498; pulchella, 498; rufi-
collis, 511; semzopaca, 508; villosa,
506.

Haplonyx orbiculatus, 617.
Hat, Photograph of, from New
Britain, 667.
Helaeus conjunctus, 577;
579; waiter, 578.
Helichrysum apiculatum, 387; brac-
teatum, 387; podolepideum, 652;
semifertile, 651.
Heliocausta achroa, 111;
111; arrhodea, 113;°
112; idiosema, 113;
112; phanozona, 112;
112: sarcodes, 113;
xanthisma, 114.
Heliocharis acuta, 635.
Heliotropium Europaeum, 386.
Helipterum corymbiflorum, 651;
floribundum, 387, 651; hyalosper-
mum, 51; Jesseni, 51; micro-
glossum, 651; moschatum, 650;
polygalifolium, 51; pygmaeum,
051; strictum, 51, 651; Troedelii,
651; uniflorum, 651.
Hemibela tyranna, 68.
Hemicloea longipes, 483.
Hemiporcellio strzelecki, 477.
Herse convolvuli, 56.
Heteroceridae, 496.
Heterodendron oleifoleum, 383.
Heteronota bynoei, 469.
Heteroscenes pallidus, 454.
Hexaplocotes sulcifrons, 150.
Hexeurytoma, 358; H. grondis, 359.
Hibbertia acicularis, var. sessiliflora,
48; crispula,
Hibiscus Pinonianus, 583.
Hieraaetus morphnoides, 448.
Hieracoglaux connivens, 450, 466.
Hieroxestis ornoscopa, 54, 56.
Himantopus leucocephalus, 446.
Hirunda neoxena, 454.
Hirundinidae, 454.
Histeridae, 126, 496.

ingens,

acosmeta,
complanula,
pelosticta,
rhopopleura,
simplex, 112:

Homadaula coscinopa, 375: lasio-
chroa, 376; myriospila, 375.

Howchin, W., Notes on the Remark-
able MHailstorm near Adelaide,
323; Diatomaceous earth from
Lord Howe Island, 659, 666;
Exhibit of diatomaceous. earth,

700

066: Exhibit of iron-ball or box,

606; Exhibit of flexible sand-
stone, 669; Exhibit of glacial
erratic, 671.

Hunt, H: A.. Notes on . Rainfall

(Museum Expedition), 424.
Hybocrossa, 105; H. paratypa, 105.
Hydrillodes lentalis, 53, 585.
Hydrocharitaceae. 41.
Hydrophilidae, 494.

Hydropogne tschegrava strenua, 444.
Hylochelidon nigricans caleyi, 454.
Hymenia fascialis, 56.

Hypena masurialis, 53, 55; sylpha,
5a:

Hypertricha ephelota, 370; stena-
delpha, 370.

Hyponomeuta, 54.

Ieracidea berigora, 449.

Insecta (Museum Expedition), 489.

Insects. Exhibits of, 665, 666, 668, 669,
670, 671.

Iodine and Bromine Content of
Water from Lake Gairdner, 39.

Iron-ball or box, 666.

Ischnomera monticola, 314;
lineata, 314.

Isodon pecugrius, 575.

Tsoetopsis graminifolia, 51.

Isopeda dolosa, 485; gloriosa, 485;
horni, 485.

Isopoda, 591, 477.

Isotoma petraea. 647.

Ixiolaena leptolepis, 652.

sub-

Juncaceae, 42.
Juncus pauciflorus, 42.

Kochia aphylla, 636; coronata, 43,
636; lobiflora, 42; planifolia, 636.

Labiatae, 386, 646.

Lacertilia (Museum Expedition), 469.

Lagenoplastes ariel, 455.

Lagria albovillosa, 175; cyanea, 175;
decipiens, 176; erythroptera, 177;
grandis, 174; pulchrivaria, 175:
tenuicollis, 177.

Lagriidae, 174.

Laius, table of species,-141; L. acer-
vatus, 133; ammophilus, 1325
apicicollis, 129: aulacophoroides,
138; cinctus, 141; concavifrons,
135; egenus, 140; eyrensis, 139;
filamentarius, 136; flavifrons, 137;

flavonotatus, Sie melanoderes,
130; miraculus, 128; mirocerus,
139; nodicornis, 139; pretiosus,
139; quinquenotatus, 140; sor-
didus, 132; stenotarsus, 134; tar-
salis, 140; trisignatus, 140; varie-
gatus, 139; verticalis, 140.

Lake Gairdner Water. 39.
Lalage tricolor, 456, 467.

Lamium amplexicaule, 386.

Laniidae, 461

Laridae, 444.

Lariformes, 444.

Lathridiidae, 496.

Lathrobium basipenne,
fumatum, 494

Latrodectus hasseltii, 485.

Laurie, D. F., Native Legend on the
Origin of Orion’s Belt, 660.

Lavatera plebeia, 644; var. tomen-
tosa, 383.

Lea, A. M., Notes on Miscellaneous
Coleoptera, 121; Stomach Con-
tents of Birds (Museum Expedi-
tion), 466; Insecta (Museum. Ex-
pedition), 489; Notes on Small
Flies of Genus Simulium, 663;
Exhibits of insects, 665, 666, 668,
669, 670, 671.

Leggeornis lamberti

semt-

495 ;

assimilis, 459,

Leguminosae, 45,°381, 638.

Lemidia variicollis, 577.

Lepidium Draba, 380; papillosum,
638 ; phlebopetalum, 638.

Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, 369;
Studies in Australian, 57.

Lepidosperma viscidum, 42.

Lepidotarsa alphitella, 105;
serythra, 105;
pentascia, 106.
Leptolophus auricomis, 451.

heptons fumatus, 589; globicollis,
5

chry-
idiocosma, 105;

Leptospernum laevigatum, var.
minus, 385

Leucocirea tricolor, 455.

Leucopolius ruficapillus, 445.

Lialis burtonil,

Lichenaula choriodes, 570;
370; lichenaea, 370.

Liliaceae, 42, 379.

Limnoecia xanthodelta, 377.

Linaria spuria, 50.

Lindera tessellatella, 375.

Liparetrus 526; L. abnormalis, 530 ;
albovillosus, 547; apicalis, 536;
basicollis, 548: bimaculatus, 546;
capillatus, 527; carus, 539; com-
positus, 535; discipennis, 530;
distinctus, 531; fallax, 530; ferru-

drosias,

gineus, 530; fimbriatus, 531;
flavicornis, 555; flavipennis, 545;
flavus, 550; impressicollis, 530;

iridipennis, 528;
juvenis, 527;
laciniatus, ate y
lissapterus, 544;
mastersi, 527;

insignis, 552;
trregularis, 552;
kreuslerae, 5350;
lepidopygus, 533;
longidens, 546;
melaleucae, 540; mimicus, 554;
necessarius, 531; niger, 531; nigrt-
clavus, 555; nigroumbratus, 528;
nudus, 541; obscurior, 538; obtusi-
dens, 529; pallens, 556; parvidens,

701

529; puncticeps, 543; rothei, 529;
semiatriceps, 553; semicastaneus,
533; semiflavus, 549; s
528; trichopygus, 542; trichoster-
nus, 554; tuberculatus, 528; wnz-
dentatus, 551; villosicollis, 527;

. xanthotrichus, 530.

List of Members, 685.

Lithocolletis desmochrysa, 375.

Lizard, Exhibit of, 669.

Lobibyx novae-hollandiae, 445.

Lophochroa leadbeateri, 451.

Loranthaceae, 379.

Loranthus exocarpi, 379;
579.

Lord Howe Island, Diatomaceous
earth, 659; Moths, 5%.

Lotus australis, var. parviflorus, 638.

Love, J. R. B., Notes on _ the
Wororra Tribe, 21.

Lower, O. B., Lepidoptera of
Broken Hill, 369.

Lycosa celaenica, 488; godeffroyi,
488; nigropunctata, 488; waite,
87.

sericeus,

pendulus,

Lycosidae, 487.
Lygosoma taeniolata, 472.
Lymexylon australe, 143.
Lymexylonidae, 142.

Lynceus eremia, 481;

81.
Lythraceae, 384.
Lythrum hyssopifolia, 384.

Macalla, 54.

Machaeritis calliphylia, 59; chali-
crata, 60; dulcicula, 60; heteropa,
59; hylobita, 60; polycapna, 61.

macleayana,

Machetis eudmeta, 115; laticincta,
115; plagzozona, 114.
Machimia coccinea, 59; mesogaea,

59.

Macropus rufus, 432.

Maechidius ater, 519; atratus, 518;
capitalis, 519; caviceps, 519; clype-
alis, 519; conspicuus, 514; crenati- |

collis, 519; excisicollis, 519; fissi-
ceps, 519; hoplocephalus, 513;
insularis, 516; lateripennis, 517;
latus, 519; longitarsis, 519; par-
vulus, 519; rugosicollis, 519;
savagei, 513; sculptipennis, 516;
sordidus, 519; spurius, 519;

squamtipennis, 515; tibialis, 519.
Maiden, J. H., South Australian

Eucalypts, 333.
Malacodermidae, 128, 576.
Malacological Section, 694.
Malacorhynchus membranaceus, 448.
Malvaceae, 48, 383, 643.
Malvastrum spicatum, 644.
vee (Museum Expedition),

Maroga unipunctana, 369.
Marsileaceae. 632.

Marsilea Drummondii, 632.

Mathewsia rubicunda, 447.

McCulloch, A. R., and Waite, E. R.,
Pisces (Museum Expedition), 472.

Mecyna, 54

Meetings, 665.

Megacephala, 124; M. australis, 122;
bostocki, 123; murchisoni, 123.

Megacraspedus achroa, 4371; argo-
nota, 371; sagittifera, 371.

Megamerus, 627; table of species,
628; M. femoralis, 629; ventralis,
628.

Megastigmus hilli, 361.

Melaleuca glomerata, 644.

Melandryidae, 162.

Meliphaga sonora, 464.

Meliphagidae, 464.

Melopsittacus undulatus, 452.

Members, List of, 685.

Menkea australis, 45; shpaerocarpa,

Mentha australis, 646.

Merimna atrata, 575.

Meropidae, 454.

Mesectrephes, 145.

Mesolecta angustella, 101.

Mesotretis inconstans, 156.

Mestocharomyia oophaga, 3064.

Metapelma superba, 357.

Mezium affine, 149; sulcatum, 149

Microcarbo melanoleucus, 448.

Microcybe pauciflora, 47.

Microeca fascinans, 455.

Micro-fungi, 666.

Microtragus, 619; table of species,
620; M. arachne, 622; basalis, 625;
bifasciatus, 624; luctuosus, 620;
mormon, 623; . quadrimaculatus,
621; senex, 621.

Microtribonyx ventralis whitei, 443.

Milvus, korschun affinis, 449; 466.

Minuria annua, 652; denticulata,
652; integerrima, 652: lepto-
phylla, 652.

Miscellanea, 659.

_Misophrice arida, 593.

Mollugo hirta, 637.

Monectrephes, 145.

Monolepta interrupta, 630.

Mordella, 216; M. adipata, 237; albo-

scutellata, 219; alphabetica, 235;
auronotata, 252; australis, 217:
baldiensis, 218, 219; bella, 219:
blanda, 240; brevis, 220; cairn-
sensis, 228; calodema, 240; calo-
pasa, 237; caloptera, 239: cara,
220; chrysophora, 230; conspecta,

229; corvina, 243;

226; dumbrelli, 220;
220; elongatula, 221:
graphiptera, 222; hamatilis, 222;
ignota, 219; inconspicua, 219;
wridea, 234; lepida, 214: leuco-
sticta, 224; limbata, 224: metaster-

9-maculata,

234; mixta, 214;
tata, 224; nigrans, 224;
turalis, 229; norfolcensis,
notatipennis, 236; obliquirufa,
239; obsoleta, 225; 18-maculata,
225; ornata, 215: ovalisticta, 226;

multigut-
N1LVEOSU-

235 ;

nalis,

parva, 215; promiscua, 226:
pulchra, 227; pygidialis, 231;
quadrimaculata, 238; sericans, 241;
subvittata, 228; sydneyana, 228;
tarsalis, 242: tomentosa, 215; tris-
tis, 228; V-aurea, 228; verticor-
dae, 228; V-fasciata, 229; vztte-
collis, 231; waterhousei, 219.

Mordellidae, 209; list of species,
212.

Mordellistena, 246; M. abaceta, 248;
aspersa, 215; atronitens, 250; aus-
trina, 246; brunneipennis, 247;
castigata, 251; coelioxys, 249; con-
cinna, 251; concolor, 247; flavicans,
247; fuscula, 252; melvillensis,
249; multilineata, 249; obscuri-
pennis, 247; pulcherrima, 252:

tibzalis, 248; trichura, 250.
Morgania floribunda, 646.
Morganornis superciliosus, 457.
Morpholycus, 287; M. apicalis, 288;

costepennis, 290; monilicornis, 290;

serraticornis, 289.

Motacillidae, 465.
Moths from Lord Howe and Nor-

folk Islands, 53.

Mould, Exhibit of, 670.

Muscicapidae, 455.

Myllocerus aberrans, 588;
pennis, 587; ashi, 586; darwini,

583; multimaculatus, 582; obliqui-

fasczatus, 584; quadricolor, 583;

rugicollis, 582; squamicornis, 582:

tate, 582; villosipennis, 585; viri-

dimicans, 585; zopherus, 586.
Myola pacifica, 447, 466.
Myoporaceae, 387, 646.

Myoporum refractum, 646.
Myriocephalus Stuartii, 652.
Myrmecorhrynchus, 14; "M. emeryi, 16.
Myrtaceae, 384, 644.

Myzantha flavigula, 465.

angustt-

Narrinyeri vocabulary, 8.
pare Languages of South Australia,
Native Legend on the
Orion’s Belt, 660.
Native Mat, Exhibit of. 669.
Natives (Museum Expedition),
Native rockshelters, 667
Neochalcites basalis, 454.
Neodimmockia, 361: NV.

Origin of

429.

agromyzae,

Neosalpingus obscuripennis, 160;
politus, 159 serraticollis, 159;
trifoveicollis, 161.

Neosigala, 118; N. ceroplasta, 118.

|

702

Neotetrastichodes polychromus, 366.
Nephogenes argyrodes, 100; ear-
basea, 98; cirrhocephala, 96;
epipercna, 100; Ahylophila, 95;
hypopolia, 99; lochmaula, 96;
napaea, 99; pilidiota, 95; sertula,

98; stenoptela, 101; syncolla, 97; -
thiocrossa, 97.
Nepnrogenvs enigmus, var. niger,
ae 54; WN. eladara, 54.
Nicotiana suaveolens, 646.
Nitidulidae, 496.
Nitraria Schoberi, 643.
Noctuidae, 53, 55.
Norfolk Island Moths, 53.

Northiella haematogaster pallescens,

452, 467.

Nothris chloranthes, 373; cycno-
bathra, 374; macrosemus, 374;
ochroloma, 374; tetrachroa, 373;

trichombra, 374.
Notophoyx novae-hollandiae, 447.

Notosalpingus metallicus, 158 ;
montanus, 158; wvariabilis, 157:
varlipennis, 157.

Novapus adelaidae, 573; armatus,
573

Nycticorax caledonicus australasiae,
447.

Obsidianites, 667.

Ocnodus bilobus, 524; bidentatus,
525; fallax, 521: semplex eee.
tridentatus, 524: unidentatus, 522.

Octasphales eubrocha, 120.
Ocyphaps |. lophotes, 443.

Ocystola acrocosma, 63; auchmera,
67; chrysoides, 67; clethrosema,
65; embolistis, 65; esthlopis, 62;
eucraera, 64: glycydora, 66;
idiosticha, 63: innumera, 61;
macrotricha, 65; oxytona, 61;
pachythrix, 62; ~phaulopis, 64;
proselia, 62 ; ptochodes, 63:
pyrochrysa, 61; symbleta, 61;
tanythrix, 61; ¢trichophora, 66;
xantholoma, 64.

Oecophorinae, 57.

Oecophylla smaragdina, 19.

Oedemera_bivittata, 272; brevi-
cornis, 272.

Oedemeridae, 271; catalogue, 273.

Onesorus albatus, 590.

Ooctomus aureinotum, 351.

Ophideres salaminia, 53.

Ophidia (Museum Expedition), 435.

Opszyga eugramma, 377.

Orchesia macilenta, 170; minuta,
170; multinotata, 171.

Orchidaceous Plants, 342.

Orchids, 665, 670.

Oreoica cristata clelandi, 461.

Oricopis zntercozxalis, 314; macult-
ventris, 316; setipennis, 315.

703

Orion’s Belt, Native Legend, 660.

Osborn, T. G. B., Exhibits of
plants, 666, 670, 671; Exhibits of
micro-fungi, 666.

Ostracoda, 482.

Otididae, 447.

Oxacis apicicollis, 311; auricomus,
308; australis, 308; caloptera, 311;
caviceps, 309 ; concaviceps, 309;
lateralis, 309; majorina, 310; picti-
ceps, 313; vittipennis, 312

Oxyopes dingo, 489.

Oxyopidae, 489.

Oxyops alphabetica, 591; crassiros-
tris, 592; vacillans, 592.

Pachybela, 94; P. eremica, 94;
parisa, 95.

Pachycephala, 455.

Pachyura brevirostris, 615; quadri-
maculata, 615.

Palms and Cvycads, Protection of,
668,

Panicum divaricatissimum, var.
ammophilum, 682; gracile, 3878,
632; leucophaeum, 634; _ pauci-
florum, 41: whitei, 632.

Pappophorum avenaceum, 633.

Pararhopaea gigas, 497

Pardalotus rubricatus, 463, 468;
striatus subaffinis, 463.

Parepthianura tricolor, 457, 467.

Paridae, :

Parocystola haplophara, 68; leuco-
spora,

Paromarteon, 167; P. constans, 168;
mutabile, 167.

Parroa apicalis, 492.

Passeriformes, 454.

Paussidae, 126.

Paussoceros antennalis, 146: cremas-
togastri, 153.

Paussus australis, 126. |

Pelecanidae, 448.

Pelecaniformes, 448.

Pelecotomoides, 267; P. hackeri, 269;
nigrolateralis, 268; nuda, 268.

Peltohyas australis, 446, 466.

Penthea pardalis,

Perameles obesula, 433.

Perilampidae, 359.

Perilampus cairnsensis, 359.

Peritorneuta stigmatias, 120; thivel-
lia, 120.

Peucetia albescens, 489.

Phalacridae, 496.

Phalacrocoracidae, 448.

Phalacrocorax carbo novae-hol-
landiae, 448.

Philenora, 53.

Philovota agnesella, 89; agrapka,
S03: \alypa, o3;° aureola, ..83;
auriceps, 82; borburodes, 90;
carphalea, 83; ceratochroa, 90:
cnecopis, 92: delosema, 87;

diucrita, 55; diaereta, 89; en-
chalea, 90; ecucrita, 87; euctista,
92; hilda, 91; hydara, 82; isomora,
53; leucocosma, 35: Jlochitis, 37;
lonchota, 82; lunata, 82; megalo-
xantha, 92; melichrodes, 83; metria,
91; mimetis, 86; mysticodes, 84;
ocularis, Son orestera, 93;
orphnaea, 82; orthomita, 88;
orthotoma, 88; osteochroa, 83:
pandora, 84; perixantha, 82; poly-
botrya, 93; sophia, 82; sordidella,
83; theorica, 83; thermophanes,
86; xanthoprepes, 85;

Pholidia scoparia, 387.

Phthorimaea operculella, 372.

Phyllophanes. 104; dyseureta, 104;

Phyllopoda, 480.

Phyllotocidium bimaculiflavum,. 127.

Phyzanica, 117; P. tapinopa, 117.

Pimelea trichostachya, 49; simplex,

Pisauridae, 480.

Pisces (Museum Expedition), 472.

Pisonia Brunoniana, 666.

Pittosporaceae, 638.

Pittosporum phillyraeoides, 638.

Plagianthus glomeratus, 48, 643.

Plagiosetum refractum, 634.

Plantaginaceae, 50.

Plantago coronopus, 50; psyllium, 50.

Plants, Exhibits of, 665, 666,
668, 670, 671.

Platibis flavipes, 447.

Platycilibe brevis, 156.

Plegadidae, 447.

Pleurota chrysopepla, 76; epitrtpta,
77; gypsosema, 70; leucogramma,
76; leuconeura, 77.

Pleurotropomyia aeneoscutellum, 365.

Ploceidae, 465.

Plutella maculipennis, 376; sera,
3576.

Plutellidae, 375.

Podagrion nigriciava, 360.

Podargidae, 453.

Podargus strigoides, 453, 467.

Podicipidae, 444.

Podicipiformes, 444.

Podolepis capillaris, 388, 652; Les-
son, 51. 652.

Pollinia fulva, 633.

Polychrosis botrana, 56.

Polycystomyia benefica, 346.

Polyeucta, 104; P. callimorpha, 104.

Polyphrades raui, 589.

Polyplocotes longipes. 152; perfor-
atus, 150; pilosus, 145; scabricollis,
151.

Polypogon monspeliensis, 41.

Pomatostomus ruficeps, 456, 467.

Pomax umbellata, 387

Portraits of Officers, 665.

Portulaca australis, 637.

Portulacaceae, 44, 380, 637.

Prionopidae, 461.

Proceedings, Abstract of, 665.

Procometis heterogama, 370;
spora, 370

Prodenia litura, 55.

Proteaceae, 42, 379, 635.

Protection of palms and cycads in
Central Australia, 668, 669.

Protolechia aversella, 373; desmatra,
573; exarista, 373; haemaspila,
373; lithina, 373; mesochra, 373;
tridecta, 373.

Protomacha anthracina, 78; cathara,
78; leucophara, 78; straminea, 78.

Proxenus tenuis, 55.

Pselaphidae, 125.

Psephotus haematonotus, 452.

Pseudananca ruficollis, 273.

Pseudocavonus antennalis, 575.

Pseudolycus, 276; P. atratus, 277;
canaliculatus, 286; carteri, 285;
cinctus, 278; costipennis, 278;
elegantulus, 282; haemopterus,

280; haemorrhoidalis, 276; hilaris,

283; marginatus, 279; montanus,
281; niger, 286; ~pictipes, 284;
puberulus, 281; rufipennis, 278;
torridus, 283: wallacei, 283;

vitticollis, 284.

Pseudoryctes, table of species, 566;
P. ater, 564; dispar, 566; griseo-
pilosus, 563; monstrosus, 566;
mullerianus, 566; nigripennis, 563;
semicalvus, 562; semicrudus, 565;
tectus, 566; trifidus, 566; turritus,
506; validus, 565.

Psittaciformes, 451.

Psophiidae, 447.

Psophiiformes, 447.

Psoralea eriantha, 639; patens, 639.

Psylliodes arida, 626.

Ptenoedus mathewsi vigorsi, 457.

Pterocaulon sphacelatum, 653.

Pteromalidae, 346.

Pterosema subaenea, 348.

Pterosemoidea drosophilae, 350.

Ptilotula penicillata leilavalensis’,
464

Ptilotus latifolius, 637.

Ptinidae, 144; list of species, 146.

Ptinus amoenus, 145; australicus, 145;
caeruleipennis, 148; Jleucomelas,
147.

Pulleine, A. R., Exhibit of Pisonia
Brunoniana and flies and slab of
talc, 666.

Pycnocera, 102; P. hypoxantha, 102.
Pycnozancla, 109; P. acribes, 109;
epiprepes, 109; erythrodes, 109.

Pygopodidae, 470

Pyralidae, ‘53, 56.

Pyrausta cynaralis, 54.

Pyrochroidae, 209.

Pyroderces sentica, 377;
phila, 377.

thermo-

704

Pyrrholaemus brunneus, 459.

| ‘Pythidae, 157.
tetra- | ,
_ Rainbow, W. J., Araneidae (Museum

Expedition), 482.

| Rallidae, 443.

Ralliformes, 443.
Rat, English Black, 667.
Recurvirostra novae-hollandiae, 446.

| Recurvirostridae, 446.

Rennie, Prof., Exhibit of eucalyptus
samples, 666.

Resedaceae, 381.

Reseda luteola, 381.

Rhagodia Gaudichaudiana, 379.

Rhamnaceae, 48.

Rhicnopeltomyia aeneicoxa, 365.

Rhinosimus corticalis, 159.

Rhipidius mollipes, 253; pectinicor-
nis, 254.

Rhipidophoridae, 253, 582.

Rhipidura flabellifera whitei, 455.

Rochelia Maccoya, 49.

Rockshelters, Native, 667.

Rogers, R. §., Orchidaceous Plants
of South Australia, 342; Exhibits
of orchids, 665, 670. -

Rubiaceae, 387.

Rumford Medal, 666.

Rutaceae, 47, 382.

Rutidosis helichrysoides, 652.

Salsola Kali, 636.

Samuela cinnamomea, 456, 467.

Santalaceae, 379.

Sapindaceae, 383, 643.

‘Scaevola collaris, 647; humilis, 647.

Scarabaeidae, 126, 496.

Scardia inconcisella, 374.

Scenedra decoratalis, 54.

Schoenotenes, 56.

Scieropepla megadelpha,
ina, }

Scincidae, 471.

Sciton flavocastaneus,
521: ruber, 521.

Scoparia, 56.

Scorpion, Exhibit. of, 666.

Scorpiopsis, 119: S. pyrobola, 120.

Scorzonera laciniata, 51.

Scotophilus greyii, 430.

Scraptia, 162; S. angusta. 164; aus-
tralis, 163; decipiens, 167; faset-
ata, 165; gymnosterna, 163; laticol-

OrOle yser-

521: paullus,

lis, 163: lugubris, 166; te/ephoro-
ides, 165.

Scrophulariaceae, 50, 646.
Selenopinae, .

Senecio Cunninghamii, 652; Greg-

orii, 652; !autus, 652; magnificus. 51.
Sericea spectans, 53.

Serolis, 591; list of species, 393;
S. australiensis, 396; bakeri, 598;
longicaudata, 397; minuta, 397;

tuberculata, 394.

Sida corrugata, var. trichopoda, 643;
intricata, 384.

Signiphora reticulata, 353.

Silphidae, 495.

Silviidae, 459.

Simplicia robustalis, 53.

Simulium, Notes on Small Flies of
Genus, 66%.

Sisymbrium erysimoides, 45.

Sitotriga cerealella, 371.

Sminthopsis crassicaudata, 433.

Solanaceae, 50, 386, 646.

Solanum coactiliferum, 386; lacu-
narium, 646; marginatum, 50;
oligacanthum, 646; rostratum, 50.

South Australian Museum Expedition
to Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks,
405.

Sphaleractis platyleuca, 373.

Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum,
462, 468.

Sphingidae, 56.

Sphyrelata acritopis, 116; aimotella,
116; arrhythma, 117: laetifica,
116; nefanda, 116; ptochica, 116.

Spiloglaux boobook, 450.

Spinifex paradoxus, 632.

Spodoptera mauritia, 583.

Sporobolus actinocladus, 634.

Spyridium phlebophyllum, 48.

Staphylinidae, 494.

Stathmopoda crocophanes,
melanochra, 377.

Stegasta allactis, 372: cosmodes, 372.

Stictopeleia c. cuneata, 44

Stiltia isabella, 446.

Stipa elegantissima, 41; scabra, 634:
scelerata, 378.

Stirling, E. C., Honour of Knight
Bachelor, 668.

Stomach Contents of Birds (Museum
Expedition), 466.

Stomatoceroides clariscapus, 344;
gracilicorpus, 345; rubripes. 345.

Stone-fungi, 668.

Storena rastellata, 483.

Strigidae, 450.

Strigiformes, 450.

Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks, Ex-
pedition to, 405.

Styphelia depressa, 664.

Swainsonia campylantha, 639: colu-
teoides, 382; microphylla, 639;
oligophylla, 639; phacifolia, 47;
phacoides, 639; procumbens, 639.

Syntomactis chionomera, 377: oxyp-
tera, 377; xenonympha, 377.

377;

Tachybaptus ruficollis novae-hol-
landiae, 444.

Taeniopygia castanotis, 465.

Talaurinus maculipennis, 591.

Talayra elongata, 171

Talc, 666

705

Techmessa bifoveicollis, 292; rufi-
collis, 291.

Temnopalpus bicolor, 168.

Tenebrionidae, 156, 577.

Tetracnemella brachyptera, 355;

hemiptera, 355; hyalinipennis, 355:
megymeni, 354.

Teucrium racemosum, var.
titum, 646.

Thalacomys lagotis, 433.

Thalasseus bergii poliocercus, 444.

Thelymitra azurea, 342; truncata,
543.

Therapon barcoo, 474; welchi, 472.

Theraponidae, 472.

Theridion asbolodes, 483; idiotypum,
484.

Theridiidae, 483.

Thiotricha bullata, 371.

Thlaspi cochlearinum, 45.

Thryptomene Whiteae, 384.

Thymelaeaceae, 49, 644.

Thyromorpha, 108; 7. stibaropis.,
108.

tripar-

Tillaea acuminata, 45.
Timeliidae, 456.

' Tinea, 56; T. fuscipunctella, 374;
granella, 375; pellionella, 374;
tapetiella, 375.

Tineidae, 54, 56, 57, 374.

Tineola biselliella, 375.

Tirathaba rufivena, 53.

Tomoxia apicata, 243; aterrima,
243; exoleta, 245; flavicans, 215,
howensis, 244; melanura, 245;

melasoma, 244.

Tortricidae, 56.

Tortrix, 56.

Trachydora capnopa, 377.

Trachyntis diaphanes, 58.

Trachysaurus rugosus, 471.

Trachyzancla, 79; T. histrica, 80.

Tribulus hystrix, 643; terrestris, 643.

Trichananca concolor, 178; nigripen-
nis, 179; pisoniae, 178: victorien-
sis, 178.

Trichinium alopecuroideum, 380,
637; corymbosum, 380; incanum,
var. grandiflorum, 380.

Trichodesma Zeylanicum, 645.

Trichophaga tapetiella, 54.

Trichophysetis cretacea, 54, 56.

Trichosalpingus obscurus, 169; vart-
abilis, 169.

Trichosurus vulpecula, 432.

Tricondyla, 125.

Trifolium cernuum, 47.

Trigonella suavissima, 638.

Trigonogastra agromyzae, 347.

Triodia pungens, 634.

Triraphis mollis, var. humilis, 633.

Trisetum pumilum, 41, 633.

Turdidae, 457.

Turner, A. J., On some Moths, from
Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands

53; Studies in Australian Lepidop-
tera, 957.
Turnicidae, 442.
Turniciformes, 442.
Tychius minutissimus, 596.
Tympanocryptis lineata, 470.
Typhlopidae, 4365.
Typhlops australis, 435; bitubercu-
latus, 435.
Tyto alba delicatula, 450, 466.
Tytonidae, 450.

Umbelliferae, 49, 645.
Uroaetus audax, 448.

Vanellidae, 444,

Varanidae, 470.

Varanus gouldii, 470.

Verbenaceae, 386, 645.

Verbena supina, 386.

Verco, J: G3. Exhibit! Gf scorpion,
666; Exhibit of Dinka model of
elephant, 668.

Virago gibberifrons, 448.

Vocabularies of South
Native Languages, 1.

Australian

Waite, E. R., Museum Expedition :—
Introduction, 405; Narrative, 407:
General Notes, 415: Meteorology,
422: Natives, 429; Mammalia
and Ophidia, 430; Pisces, 472,
Exhibits of Axolotl, 670; coloured
glass, 665; photograph of hat
from New Britain, 667.

Waite, E. Rand McCulloch, A.
i Pisces (Museum Expedition),

2

Weeds, Exhibit of, 668, ™
Westringia Dampieri, 386.
Wheeler, W. M., The Australian Ant
Genus Myrmecorhynchus. 14.
White,"S. "A. a Aves (Museum KEx-
pedition), 441; Exhibits of beans,
665; birds, 663, 665, 668. 669 ;
English black rat, 667: objects
from Port Augusta - Kalgoorlie
railway line, 668: photographs
of native rock-shelters, 667.
Whiteornis goodenovi, 455.
Wingia rectiorella, 103:
105; synnephela, 103.
Wirrung vocabulary, 3.

subrosea.

706,

Wongaidya vocabulary, 12.
Wororra Tribe, 21.

Xanthorhoe sodaliata, 55.
Xerotes leucocephala, 379.
Xylophilidae, 179.

Xylophilus abundans, 185; acaciae,

208; alpicola, 184; anthiciceps,
00; basicornis, 185; brachyderes,
199; cnemopachys, 201; conspicil-
latus, 188; decipiens, 203; dis-

coater, 190; divisus, 202: dolicho-
deres, 198; flavicollis, 194; flavo-
eastaneus, 195; fusciventris, 205;

glaber, 188; immaculatus, 184:
ineisus, 185; interioris, 204; inter-
ruptus, 185; Jlaterofuscus, 205:
leucostictus, 189; mediofasciatus,

201; microps, 197; mundus, 184;
nigriclavus, 203; norfolcensis, 186;
octomaculatus, 183; obliquifasci-
atus, 193; pachymerus, 192: paren-
theticus, 191; pectinicornis, 183;
pilosicornis, 187: poecilopterus,
196; rufobrunneus, 207: rufohum-
eralis, 196; synopticus, 191: tri-
chomerus, 206; undatus, 182.
Xylorycta amaloptis, 369: citrinopa,
369; homoleuca, 370: melanias.
369: pentachroa, 370; philonympha,
570; tetrazona, 369: .
Xyloryctidae, 369.
Xysmatodoma zonarcha, 374.
574 ;

Ypsolophus holomelas, melli-

chrous, 374.

Zelleria cynetica, 375.

Zelotechna psittacodes, 103.

Zietz, F. R., Lacertilia (Museum
Expedition), 469; Exhibits of
aboriginal pictographs, 607 :
birds, 668; crustacea, 669: liz-
ard, 669: obsidianites, 667: stone
fungi, 668.

Zodaridae, 483.

Zonifer tricolor, 445.

Zonitis breviceps, 270;
269.

Zouopetala tephrastis, 107.

Zygophyllaceae, 382, 643.

Zygophyllum fruticulosum, 382, 643:
Howittii, 643; hybridum, 645;
iodocarpum, 643.

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Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. Vol. XLI., Plate XL.

Photo by S. A. White.
Fig. 1. Aizoon quadrifidum. Growing on sand-drifts.

Photo by S. A. White.

Fig. 2. Aizoon quadrifidum.

HUSSEY & GILLINGHAM LIMITED, PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS ADELAIDE, SO. AUS.

Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. Vol. XLI., Plate XLI.

Fig. 1. Blennodia canescens, var. pterosperma.

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Photos by S. A. White.

Fio. 2. Acacia salicina.

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HUSSEY & GILLINGHAM LIMITED, PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS

ADELAIDE, SO. AUS.

Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. Vol. XLI., Plate XLII.

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Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr.

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CONTENTS.

Buack, J. M.: Vocabularies of Three South Australian Native
Languages—Wirrung, Narrinyeri, and Wongaidya
WHEELER, Witi1AM Morton: The Australian Ant-Genus M yrmecorhynchus
es André) and its Position in the Subfamily Campondtinae.
BLOB r,s
Love, J. R. B.: N otes on the Wororra Tribe of North-western Australia.
Plates ii. to Vili.
Cooker, W. TEeRNENT: The Todine and Bromine Content of a Sample of
Water from Lake Gairdner ...
Brack, J. M.: Additions to the Flora of South Augtralily, ‘No. 11.
Plates ix. to a Ee
TuRNER, A. JEFFERIS: On some Moths from. ‘Lord Howe and Norfolk
Islands in the South Australian Museum ... 86
TurNneER, A. JEFFERIS: Studies in Australian Lepidoptera it
Lza, ArrHur M.: Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoptera, with ‘Descrip-
tions of New Species.—Part III. Plates xii. to xv. .
Howcuin, Water: Notes on the Remarkable Hailstorm, near Adelaide,
on May 12, 1917. Plate xvi. :
Maipen, J. H.: Notes on some South Australian Eucalypts
Roasgrs, R. S.: Additions to the Orchidaceous Plants of South Australia.
Plate xvii. fa
Dopp, Aan P.: Records and Descriptions of Australian Chalcidoidea ...
Lowzn, Oswarp B.: The Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, New South Wales.
art
Brack, J. M.: Additions to the Flora of South Australia. No. 12.
Plates xvili. to xx. .
Cuitton, Cuas.: Notes on ‘Australian Isopoda’
_ WalrTE, Epaar R., and Others: Results of the South Australian Museum
* Expedition to Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks. rem and Coen
A aca Plates xxi. to xliii. ...
(a) Introduction, by Edgar R. Waite
(b) Narrative, by Edgar R. Waite ...
(c) General. Notes, by Edgar R. Waite
(d) Meteorology, by Edgar R. Waite §
(e) Notes on the Rainfall, by H. A. Hunt .
(f) The Natives, by Ed ar R. Waite . pe
(g) Mammalia and Ophidia, by Edgar R. Waite Fi
(h) Aves, by S. A. White
(2) Stomach Contents of Birds, by Arthur M. Lea
(j) Lacertilia, ey = R. Zietz ...
(k) Pisces, by A McCulloch and Edgar R. Waite
(l) Crustacea, by a Charles Chilton iy
(m) Araneidae, by W. J. Rainbow
(n) Insecta, by Arthur M. on
(o) Botany, by J. M. Black .
fy Explanation of Plates $i
MiscELLANEA—
Notes on Diatomaceous Earth from Lord Howe Island .
_ Native Legend on the Origin of Orion’s Belt ... io3
Notes on Various Birds nik
Notes on Small Flies of Genus Simulium ...
Notes on Styphelia arrest: Sire ey Currant)
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ...
ANNUAL REPORT
BALANCE SHEETS ‘pS ean ie nae ia iy tu
Donations to Lisrary _... Lf ue ist at a aa
List or MeEemBeERs vgs
- APPENDICES—-
Field Naturalists’ Section: Annual] Report, ete.
© Malacological Section : dasrenitnrs acini vis ete! it

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