f yO ae es be J tA SO RERSSIS AAS ASIAS AS ASLO SSSA SAAS 9 | | | nee QF NATURAL HIST ORY, | URBANA, ILLINOIS. | ee ee St ae | hae rs 3 . i? ae ea ' fp tf Mis i 1 PR fi Hy" yt, As, Ma j v7 Vint : Mi Ae, OO rele i sta t i hi Ant mS 9 Aye pit ‘ , RN AN a RA I) RANG get ia aes ” rot LA { 1 bide) ti 4 Fe Hs TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS me.) 66 OCMREPORT ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. ee es . For 1895-6. SerthD BY -.W.-. HOWCGHIN, :-F.GS8. _[Wirn Bicur Pirates. | © Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING “WILLIAM STREET. DECEMBER, 1896. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South : Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed : ‘*per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co.. ie, 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ a 1 ae . Aanat ks sah pI) ok Eesha! hose q , W . : he bs >? ; ayo) wiott eiotgonny 1 ninth toot pitgte) jets, 3 . A one ¥e . “4 ves nee ae x ; epilirisjaukh byepey’ he “191 - xed , » ” te d i . + UR tm) ots fr A ‘i ict reo 7 ay , wa 2ra": Aron ey ~eeru BS ae a) : tc wdnfhae B ae, } hid 7 e! : ay of P : ys , ee? * P » Litany Jae Ee TS Bae on. aon : 7 Plott ‘ ase * [avigwitonieA sai to Jools doar DESCRIPTIONS OF MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA FROM QUEENSLAND. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D. [Read March 3rd, 1896.] A somewhat hasty and unexpected visit to Europe during the printing of my former paper in the Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 1894, p. 120, prevented my reading the proofs, and I must request those who refer to it to correct the following printer’s errors which have crept in :— For Grac. ewmetella, Meyr., read Grac. ewmetalla, Meyr. For using the leaves, read mining the leaves. For Grac. albospersa, n. sp., read Grac. albispersa, n. sp. For Grac. albomaculella, n. sp., read Grac. albimaculella, n. sp. For Grac. enchlamyda, n. sp., read Grac. ewchlamyda, n. sp. For Lepidotarsa chryscrythra, n. sp., read Lepidotarsa chryserythra, n. sp. My recent journey has enabled me to compare my types with those of Mr. Meyrick, who, with his usual generosity, has given me invaluable help in their identification and classification. He has placed me in a position to rectify several errors in my former paper, and has saved me from many into which I should have otherwise fallen in the present instalment. At the same time it must be understood that for any errors which may exist in the present paper, I take the whole responsibility. I have endeavored to give a complete list of all the species known to occur in the district of Moreton Bay. GRACILARIID. GRACILARIA, Z. | The Brisbane list must be enlarged by the addition of the fol- lowing species, all of which are common here, but were previously overlooked :— G. nereis, Meyr. (G. fluorescens, mihi, is a synonym) ; G. ewpe- tala, Meyr. ; G. alysidota, Meyr. ; G. tricuneatella, Meyr. G. PYRIGENES, 1. sp. I substitute this for G. nitidula of my former paper, the latter name having been preoccupied by Stainton for an Indian species (British Museum Catalogue XX X., 30). 2 G. OPHIODES, ”. sp. S mm. Head and face white. Maxillary palpi minute, white. Labial palpi white; second joint with an apical, terminal joint with a median fuscous ring. Antenne longer than forewings, whitish at base, gradually becoming dark fuscous. Thorax white ; shoulders pale ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs fuscous ; posterior tibize and bases of all tarsal joints white ; middle tibiz not thickened. Forewings pale ochreous-fuscous ; a broad white line, black-margined in disc, along inner margin from base to middle, whence it proceeds obliquely outwards to middle of costa; an elongated white blotch om inner margin, ending abruptly at anal angle where it is thickened to reach more than half across disc, partially black-margined ; a black line along posterior half of costa; a white spot on hindmargin above anal angle ; costal cilia ochreous-fuscous, at apex white, with a trans verse black bar and black apices, thence whitish. Hindwings and cilia dark grey. Very distinct by the basal white line. Brisbane; one speci- men on a fence in September. ORNIX, = Z. Iam indebted to Mr. Meyrick for the identification of this genus, which is new to Australia. It may be distinguished from Gracilaria, which the species described closely resembles, by the long forwardly directed tuft of scales on the head. ORNIX AUSTRALIS, 7. sp. 9-10 mm. Head with long tufted scales white above, fuscous on inferior aspect. Face, labial, and maxillary palpi white. Antenne longer than forewings, dark fuscous. Thorax white, shoulders fuscous-grey. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs whitish ; anterior and middle femora and tibiew, and posterior femora with longitudinal fuscous stripes; posterior tibiz whitish; tarsi whitish on inferior surface, on superior surface fuscous, except apices of each joint which are pure white. Forewings fuscous- grey ; a narrow white streak along costa from base to four-fifths ; a broad white line along inner and hindmargin. At anal angle this broadens to one-half breadth of wing, and contains a narrow fuscous-grey streak, internal to which are a few scattered fuscous- grey scales Sometimes this streak is continuous with ground color posteriorly. An outwardly oblique, narrow, black-margined, white streak, from costa at four-fifths, not quite.reaching hind- marginal line ; a second white streak, anteriorly black-margined, just before apex, parallel to first ; cilia on costa fuscous, at apex pure white, with a transverse black line, then a black subapical hook, beneath this again pure white, then fuscous to anal angle. Hindwings and cilia “dark- -grey. 3 Very similar in appearance to some species of Gracilaria. It has the same rest-attitude. Brisbane ; taken commonly on a fence from September to November ; probably from an adjacent thicket of Acacia Cunninghami. (COPHORID At, PALpARIA, Wong. PALPARIA EURYPTERA, ”. Sp. Female, 35 mm. Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi with tuft of second joint dense, porrected, as long as terminal joint ° pale ochreous, tuft pinkish, at extremity fuscous ; terminal joir: pink. Antenne pinkish. Thorax pink. Abdomen whitish. orchreous, beneath pale yellow. Legs dusky pink; posterior tibie, except spurs, pale yellowish. Forewings broad, costa strongly arched, especially in outer half, apex acute, hindmargin oblique, sinuate ; pink, densely irrorated with pale ochreous, especially towards hindmargin ; costal edge narrowly ochreous from one-fourth to apex; cilia pale ochreous, apical third pinkish except on costa and anal angle, towards apex fuscous. Hindwings ovate, hindmargin rounded; whitish-ochreous ; _pos- teriorly pinkish tinged ; cilia whitish-yellow, with a pinkish line at apex. | Intermediate between P. lambertella, Wing, and the more usual forms of the genus. Brisbane; one specimen taken by Mr. Tllidge in October. Eomystis, Meyr. The species referred here has no specific affinity to the type, and Mr. Meyrick considers that it should be referred to Helio- causta, although it answers to the generic characters of Homystis, which, indeed, are scarcely distinguishable from those of the former. EvuryPe.ta, 7urner. This genus was founded in error on a female specimen, and must be withdrawn. The species must be referred provisionally to Heliocausta, pending the discovery of the male. Hemipeta, Turner. The species on which this genus was fonnded is closely allied to Ocystola tyranna, Meyr., with which it agrees in the extremely short terminal joint of the palpi. It must therefore be provi- sionally referred to that genus. Perhaps eventually it may be found necessary to divide the genus Ocystola, in which case the above genus may be retained. 4 Eupuivtra, JMeyr. E. thermozona, Turner, is a synonym for £. eroticella, Meyr. Hetiocausta, Meyr. The following have been taken in the neighborhood of Bris- bane :— H. inceptella, Walk. ; H. pelosticta, Meyr.; H. triphena- tella, Walk.; H. protowantha, Meyr.; H. rhodoxantha, Meyr. ; H. mimica, Meyr.; H. phylacopis, Meyr.; H/. acmea, Meyr. ; H. acribes, Turner ; H. epiprepes, Turner. HELIOCAUSTA ACOSMETA, 7. sp. Female, 23 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax pinkish- ochreous. Abdomen whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, oblong, costa moderately arched toward base poster- iorly straight, apex retangular, hindmargin straight ; ochreous, inclining to pinkish; cosial edge uniformly colored with disc ; markings very obscure in pale fuscous ; a fine dentate line cury- ing outwards from costa beyond middle, and becoming parallel to hindmargin at six-fifths; traces of a median and inner line; a series of faint dots on hindmargin ; cilia unicolorous with dise, paler at apices. Hindwings whitish; hindmargin and apex ochreous tinged ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with a median fuscous line at apex. The natural position of this insect is between H. inceztella, Walk., and H. severa, Meyr. Brisbane; one specimen. HELIOCAUSTA ACHROA, 1. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antennee, and thorax whitish-grey ; terminal joint of palpi darker anteriorly. Abdomen whitish- grey. Anterior legs fuscous ; middle and posterior whitish, tarsi fuscous. Forewings moderate ; costa moderately arched toward base, posteriorly straight ; apex obtusely rounded ; hindmargin scarcely oblique; whitish-grey, markings fuscous; a row of minute dots from costa about middle towards hindmargin, sharply bent in dise at five-sixths, and continued parallel to hindmargin to inner-margin ; a few scattered fuscous scales in disc ; a row of dots along costa from four-fifths to apex, and along hindmargin to anal angle ; cilia whitish-grey. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane ; three specimens in October. HELIOCAUSTA COMPLANULA, 2. sp. Male, 18-20 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, slightly brownish-tinged ; face whitish. Antenne whitish. Palpi rosy- whitish, terminal joint ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous- fuscous ; tuft ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair suffused with pink. Forewings moderately elongate, costa slightly 5 arched, apex rectangular, hindmargin scarcely oblique ; whitish- ochreous, faintly brownish-tinged; costal edge pale rosy; a fuscous dot in disc before middle, sometimes obsolete ; a second in dise beyond middle, and a third in fold obliquely beyond first ; a few faint fuscous dots in disc at four-fifths, parallel to hind- margin ; a row of fuscous dots on hindmargin ; cilia pale rosy, apices whitish. Hindwings pale fuscous, darker at apex; cilia pale fuscous, with a darker line near bases. Closely allied to H. aemea, Meyr., and H. protoxantha, Meyr., but may be distinguished from both. Brisbane ; two specimens. HELIOCAUSTA SIMPLEX, %. Sp. Female, 17-20 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-brownish. Antennz fuscous. Palpi anteriorly fuscous ; posteriorly whitish. Abdomen ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior tibie and _ tarsi fuscous or pinkish-fuscous ; posterior tibiz and tarsi ochreous- whitish. Forewings rather elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin oblique; brownish-ochreous, thickly irrorated with whitish scales, without markings; costal edge sometimes rosy; cilia grey. Hindwings pale yellowish; cilia pale yellowish, apices whitish. Brisbane ; two specimens. HELIOCAUSTA PHANOZONA, 2. Sp. Female, 18 mm. Head white, face fuscous. Antenne white, with black annulations, basal joint white. Palpi, second joint fuscous, at base and apex whitish; terminal joint whitish. Thorax white, posterior apex fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior tibize and tarsi pale fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, costa moderately and evenly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin oblique; white, with four transverse fascie ; first fascia at base, slightly outwardly oblique, tawny-fuscous ; second from costa at one-third to middle of hindmargin, reddish-brown, anterior margin deeply concave, connected with basal fascia by a narrow tawny-fuscous line along costal edge, posterior margin irregular and suffused, partly suf- fusedly confluent with third fascia in costal portion of disc ; third from beyond middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, tawny-fuscous on costa, then reddish-brown for one-third breadth of disc, remainder tawny-fuscous, narrower than second, both margins irregular; fourth along hindmargin, broad at costa, gradually narrowing to a point just above anal angle, an- terior portion tawny-fuscous, posterior paler fuscous, anterior edge somewhat sinuate ; cilia ochreous-whitish, bases fuscous, at anal angle uniformly pale-reddish-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia uniform pale reddish-ochreous-fuscous. 6 _ This species is not near any known species of Heliocausta ; nevertheless, as far as can be determined from the female, it ap- pears to possess all the characters of the genus. Brisbane ; one specimen. Evcuatis, Meyr. EUCH#@TIS RHIZOBOLA, Jeyr. Brisbane. Eurypiaca, Meyr. EURYPLACA OCELLIFERA, Meyr. Brisbane. EUPRIONOCERA, %. g. Head with appressed scales, sidetufts moderate, loosely ap- pressed. Antenne moderate, in male coarsely serrated (one), and with fine, very short ciliations (one-fourth). Pecten absent. Palpi moderate, second joint reaching base of antennx, with ap- pressed scales, terminal joint shorter than second, moderate, recurved. Thorax smooth. Forewings moderately elongate, hindmargin almost straight. Hindwings broader than forewings, cilia one-fifth, Abdomen rather stout. Forewings with vein seven to hindmargin, two from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. Distinguished by the well-marked serrated antennze of the male and the broad hindwings. In other respects it appears allied to Heliocausta. EUPRIONOCERA GEMINIPUNCTA, %. Sp. Male and female, 24-30 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi pinkish- ochreous ; face paler. Antenne fuscous. Abdomen ochreous, beneath pinkish-ochreous. Legs pinkish-ochreous. ° Forewings moderately elongate, costa gently arched, more strongly at base, apex obtusely rectangular, hindmargin almost straight ; uniform dull pinkish-ochreous ; a conspicuous dark-fuscous dot in disc at two-thirds ; a variable number of single dark-fuscous scales along veins ; cilia dull pinkish-ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish, apical portion dull pinkish-ochreous ; cilia dull pinkish-ochreous, towards anal angle whitish. Brisbane ; two specimens. Hopritica, Meyrick. The following have been taken about Brisbane :— H. sobriella, Walk. ; H. sericata, Meyr.; H. carnea, Z.; H. repandula, Z. ; H. pudica, Z.; H. leucerythra, Meyr.; H. costimacula, Meyr. ; H. rufa, Meyr.; H. colonias, Meyr.; H. absumptella, Walk. ; H. jucundella, Walk. 7 Hop.irica RUFIMACULELLA, %. Sp. Male, 19 mm. Head and thorax pinkish-ochreous, face whitish. Palpi, second joint whitish towards base, towards apex rosy ; terminal joint rosy-fuscous. Antenne grey, basal joint pinkish- ochreous. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish-grey, anterior tibie and tarsi carmine. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin oblique; pinkish-ochreous, with scattered scales of a deeper pink forming indistinct mark- ings; a dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle; a faintly indicated line from middle of costa obliquely outwards, sharply bent in disc at five-sixths, and continued parallel to hindmargin to inner-margin before anal angle; many faint pink dots along hindmargin, and in disc showing a tendency to form anterior and median lines; cilia pinkish-ochreous, tips whitish. Hindwings whitish, tinged with grey towards hindmargin ; cilia grey, with a paler basal line. Brisbane; one specimen. I could have taken more, but mis- took it at the time for H. leucerythra, Meyr., which it closely resembles. It may be distinguished by the dots on the forewing being pink, instead of dark-fuscous. The smaller size and pink thorax distinguish it from /Z. liosarca, Meyr. HOopPLiricA EOXANTHA, 7. sp. Male and female, 19-23 mm. Head and thorax ochreous- brownish ; face ochreous. Palpi second joint whitish, suffused with pale reddish except at base; terminal joint anteriorly fuscous, posteriorly reddish. Antenne pinkish-ochreous, sharply annulated with black ; basal joint ochreous beneath, reddish above. Abdomen ochreous-yellow. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior tibiz and tarsi reddish, the latter annulated with purplish-fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa strongly arched at base, thence almost straight, apex obtuse, hindmargin oblique ; whitish, thickly irrorated with red scales; costal edge red, extreme edge whitish; markings purplish-fuscous, indistinct; a discal dot at two-fifths, and a second at four-fifths ; three indistinctly suffused transverse lines, all partially obsolete, first at one-fifth, second just posterior to first, third through second dot, distinct on costa; a fourth line parallel to hindmargin, indistinct towards costa; a row of suffused dots along hindmargin; cilia pale pinkish, sparsely irrorated with red scales. Hindwings and cilia yellow. Brisbane ; four specimens in October. HOoPLiticA ATRIPUNCTATELLA, 7. sp. 19-22 mm. Head and thorax pale-pinkish-grey ; face whitish. Palpi whitish, terminal joint tinged with pink anteriorly. An- tenne pale-pinkish-grey, terminal half or two-thirds fuscous. 8 Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior tibiz and tarsi reddish. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin oblique; pale pinkish-grey ; markings jet-black ; a discal dot before middle, a second beyond middle, a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; a row of dots from costa before middle obliquely outwards, sharply bent in dise at five-sixths, and continued to hindmargin before anal angle; a very variable number of dots or scattered black scales in disc ; a row of black dots along apical third of costa and hindmargin to anal angle ; cilia pale-pinkish-grey. Hindwings whitish, apex and hindmargin sometimes pale-fuscous ; cilia whitish, at apex pale-fuscous. Brisbane ; five specimens. HopPuitica PORPHYRASPIS, %. Sp. Male and female, 19-25 mm. Head, face, thorax, palpi, and antennse whitish-grey. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, beneath whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior tarsi barred with fuscous. Forewings moderate, not dilated; costa geutly arched, apex obtusely rounded, hindmargin oblique; _ whitish- grey, irregularly suffused with dark-fuscous scales ; basal one- third of costa, apex, and upper half of hindmargin dark-fuscous ; a very large semicircular purplish-fuscous blotch extending on inner-margin from one-fifth nearly to anal angle reaching two- thirds across disc, its anterior margin rounded, its posterior margin straighter, more oblique, and acutely angled just above anal angle ; two small purplish- fuscous dots in disc posterior to summit of dorsal blotch; posterior portion of disc more or less suffused with fuscous, with a paler line first oblique, then parallel to hindmargin, faintly indicated ; cilia fuscous with a paler basal line, paler at anal angle. Hindwings pale-ochreous, apex suffused with fuscous ; cilia pale-ochreous, at apex fuscous. The large dorsal blotch recalls H. colonias, Meyr. Brisbane; five specimens. HopPuiticA PYRRHELLA, n. sp. Male and female, 13-19 mm. Head and face yellowish, with a red dot beneath base of each antenna. Palpi yellowish, second joint with a subapical fuscous ring, a broad median band of terminal joint fuscous. Antenne yellowish, annulated withdark-fuscous. Thorax, anterior half crimson-red, edged with fuscous anteriorly ; posterior half clear yellow, shoulders clear yellow, edged with red externally. Abdomen dark-fuscous, tuft ochreous; inferiorly ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous ; tibie and first tarsal joints of anterior and middle pair with subapical fuscous annulations, Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex round pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded; crimson-red 9 markings clear yellow, margined with dark-fuscous ; four in- complete or interrupted fasciz, and a discal spot; extreme basal portion of inner margin yellow; first fascia from base of costa to inner-margin at one-fourth, interrupted at fold, and thence dilated to inner-margin, where it contracts abruptly ; second from costa at one-fourth obliquely outwards, angled inwards in disc, and abruptly interrupted at fold, where it sometimes anastomoses with first, thence it is continued by a yellow spot on fold, and a second spot obliquely beyond this on inner-margin beyond middle ; third from middle of costa to anal angle, sometimes entire, sometimes twice interrupted ; fourth broad on costa at four-fifths rapidly narrowing to a point just beyond anal angle; a yellow spot in disc between second and third fascie ; hindmargin edged with dark-fuscous ; cilia on costa first yellow, then dark-fuscous, beyond apex ochreous, towards anal angle bases crimson-red, apical halves dark-fuscous. Hindwings, basal half ochreous-yellow ; apical half dark-fuscous ; cilia dark-fuscous. This and the following species belong to the natural group of which H. jucundella, Walk., is a type. Brisbane; twelve speci- mens. HOoPLITICA PYRITES, 7”. sp. Female, 10 mm. Head pale-yellowish, side-tufts reddish- orange anteriorly ; face whitish, with a reddish-orange transverse line. Palpi whitish, second joint with an apical, terminal joint with a median fuscous ring. Antenne whitish} sharply annul- ated with black. Thorax pale crimson, with two pale yellow dots posteriorly. Abdomen fuscous, beneath whitish. Legs whitish; anterior tibie pale red; anterior and middle tarsi annulated with dark fuscous. Forewings elongated, narrow, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; pale crimson ; markings pale yellow, outlined with dark fuscous; a basal band from costa at base, directed obliquely outwards, endin zs in a rounded extremity beyond fold, not reaching inner marzin; an outwardly curved fascia from costa at one-fourth to iiner margin before middle; an irregular band from inner margin beyond middle, not reaching centre of disc ; a second fascia from middle of costa to anal angle, dilated at centre to contain a pale crimson spot; a band broad on costa at three-fourths, narrowing toa point above anal angle; some dark fuscous scales at apex; cilia pale yellow, with a median orange line at apex; at anal angle partly fuscous, partly pale crimson. Hindwings whitish, at apex pale fuscous ; cilia whitish, _at apex fuscous. This exquisitely colored and delicate insect is the smallest of the genus. Brisbane ; three specimens. 10 LoPHOPEPLA, 7. g. Head with appressed scales, sidetufts moderate, loosely ap pressed. Antenne moderate, ciliations in male one and a half, with strong pecten. Palpi moderate, second joint reaching base of antennee, considerably thickened with scales, somewhat loose beneath, terminal joint shorter than second, moderately stout, recurved. Thorax with small posterior crest. Fore- wings moderate, apex somewhat acute, hindmargin oblique, almost straight ; with tufts of raised scales on disc. Hindwings narrower than forewings ; cilia two-thirds. Abdomen moderate. Forewings with vein seven to hindmargin; vein two much curved from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. Of uncertain affinity, but seems on the whole to be nearest to Hochrois, Meyr., differing in the thoracic crest, and raised tufts of scales on forewings. LOPHOPEPLA IGNIFERELLA, Walk. Hypercallia igniferella, Walk. (Brit. Mus. Catalogue, X XIX., 670.) Male and female, 14-16 mm. Head and face ochreous-whitish, apices of sidetufts crimson-red. Palpi whitish, second joint with a median and apical crimson ring ; terminal joint with a median _ and subapical crimsonring. Antenne whitish. Thorax pale-yellow, mottled with crimson-red spots; a small bifid posterior crest crimson-red. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs whitish; an- terior pair crimson-red, tarsi annulated with whitish. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex tolerably acute, hindmargin oblique, almost straight ; vivid crimson-red ; costal edge pale yellowish ; with very numerous irregularly distributed small pale- yellow spots, sometimes partly confluent ; a fuscous dot on costa near base ; a narrow oblique dark-fuscous line from costa at one- fourth to inner-margin beyond middle—on this are a few scattered scales with metallic lustre ; a second line beneath costa, with which it is connected at one-half and three-quarters, thence prolonged to anal angle; a third line parallel and near hind- margin ; cilia pale-yellow, with an interrupted median crimson line. Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish. Unsurpassed in brilliancy of coloring. Walker’s description refers without doubt to this species. Brisbane ; not uncommon. Kuvecureia, Meyr. The following are taken in the neighborhood of Brisbane :-—- EB. convictella, Walk.; £. exanimis, Meyr. (2); #. pallidella, Meyr.; £. triferella, Walk.; E. brachypepla, Meyr.; £. trans- versella, Walk.; E&. philotherma, Meyr.; £. calotropha, Meyr. ; £. philostaura, Meyr.; £. xylopterella, Walk.; £. mesophragma, Meyr. (7); £. delotis, Meyr. 11 Meyrick also records 2. epicausta, Meyr., from Helidon. The identification of two of the species in the above list is not quite certain. The form attributed to 4. mesophragma, Meyr., may be either a local variety or a new species. There are certainly many more species of this genus to be discovered here. I have several apparently new species besides those given below, but do not propose to describe them at present. EULECHRIA STIGMATOPHORA, %. Sp. Male, 16-19 mm. Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint with an indistinct fuscous subapical ring, terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antenne ochreous-fuscous. Thorax pale whitish-brown, sometimes with a broad fuscous central transverse line. Abdomen pale whitish-brown. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior tibie and tarsi ochreous-fuscous. Forewings hardly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin moderately oblique, strongly rounded; pale whitish- brown with conspicuous blackish-fuscous dots; a dot at base of costa, and a second in costal portion of disc near base; a dot in dise before middle, a second in disc beyond middle, and a third on fold obliquely beyond first; a row of four subcostal dots between two-fifths and five-sixths, usually distinct, with a fifth just below fourth; a row of dots close to hindmargin, from beneath apex to beyond anal angle ; hindmarginal edge sometimes very faintly pinkish-tinged; cilia pale whitish-brown. Hind- wings grey ; cilia grey with a pale basal line. Allied to #. convictella, Walk. Brisbane; four specimens. EULECHRIA BARYPTERA, 7. Sp. Male, 23-26 mm. ; female, 30-32 mm. Head and face whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged ; apices of sidetufts sometimes fuscous. Palpi whitish; apical half of second joint and terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antenne whitish. Thorax white, irrorated with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey, with a tawny- fuscous band on each segment; beneath whitish. Legs whitish, anterior pair fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, oblong, costa strongly arched at base, thence almost straight, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white, in parts ochreous-tinged, irrorated with dark-fuscous scales ; markings fuscous ; a triangu- lar blotch, paler in centre, at base of costa, sharply limited at fold ; an irregular blotch with white centre, or partly obsolete, on inner-margin from one-fourth to one-half, its apex reaching to fold ; a dot in dise at one-third, a second below this on fold, forming apex of inner-marginal blotch, a third above middle of dise, and two spots usually confluent forming a semilunar mark, in dise at two-thirds; a triangular blotch on centre of costa, 12 sometimes indistinet ; a broad inwardly oblique streak from costa at five-sixths, from: which a strongly outwardly-curved dentate line is continued to anal angle ; a row of small dots along hind- margin ; cilia whitish-grey, with an interrupted median-fuscous line. Hindwings grey, whitish towards base ; cilia grey, with a pale basal line. In the female the markings are less distinct, and the basal triangular blotch obsolete. The largest species of the genus, allied to £. philostawra, Meyr. Brisbane ; not uncommon. EULECHRIA EUCHLORA, 1”. sp. Female, 24 mm. Head and face grey. Palpifuscous ; apex of second joint whitish. Antenne fuscous. Thorax grey, greenish- tinged, anterior margin dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochre- ~ ous; a broad reddish-fuszous band in central portion of each seg- ment; beneath whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi fuscous. Forewings oblong, costa mode- rately arched at base, thence almost straight, apex rounded, hind- margin obliquely rounded ; whitish irrorated with greenish-grey scales ; a dark fuscous dot at base of inner margin; a very short dark fuscous line in costal portion of disc near base ; indications of an outwardly oblique greenish-grey fascia from costa at one- fourth, only reaching to fold, and the commencement only of a similarly oblique mark on middle of costa; an oblique dark fuscous mark in disk before middle representing first discal dot ; a long- itudinally elongate dot above middle of disc ; two dots in dise at two-thirds tending to join to form a semilunar mark ; an inwardly oblique line from costa at five sixths, from which is continued a strongly outwardly curved interrupted line to anal angle; cilia grey, paler towards apices. Hindwings and cilia grey. Distinguishable by its greenish-grey colouring. Belongs to the same group as the preceding. Brisbane ; one specimen. EULECHRIA CURVILINEA, 7. sp. Male and female, 12-16 mm. Head and face white. Palpi white, basal two-thirds of second joint fuscous. Antenne fuscous, obscurely annulated with whitish. Thorax white, an- terior margin broadly fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous whitish ; anterior pair, middle tibiz, and tarsi ochreous- fuscous, the last obscurely annulated with ochreous-whitish. Forewings hardly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; white, sparsely irrorated with ochreous-fuscous scales ; a fuscous spot at base of costa, produced along costal edge; a rather narrow, curved, inwardly oblique fascia, sometimes obsolete at both extremities, from middle of 13 costa to inner-margin just before middle, ochreous-fuscous ; a broader ochreous-fuscous fascia from costa at four-fifths to anal angle, anterior margin strongly convex, posterior concave or nearly straight, ill-defined; a row of three or four ochreous- fuscous dots, sometimes confluent, parallel to lower two-thirds of hindmargin ; hindmarginal edge irregularly fuscous ; cilia ochre- ous-whitish, with an interrupted median fuscous line. Hindwings and cilia grey. Allied to E. brachypepla, Meyr., from which it may be dis- tinguished by the anterior dark margin of thorax, and inwardly oblique curved anterior fascia. Common about Brisbane. EULECHRIA TETRAPLOA, %. sp. Male, 13 mm. Head and face white. Palpi white, basal two- thirds of second joint ochreous-fuscous. Antenne fuscous, basal joint white. Thorax white, with a transverse ochreous-fuscous line posterior to middle. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-fuscous. Forewings not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; white, with three fasciz and an hindmarginal blotch ochreous-fuscous ; first fascia at base, very distinct ; second rather narrow, straight, inwardly oblique, from costa at two-fifths to inner margin at two-fifths, strongly dilated on both margins ; third broader, from costa before apex to anal angle, produced along costa towards apex, anterior margin convex, pos- terior sinuate; hindmarginal blotch triangular, very distinct, from just below apex to just above anal angle ; cilia white, oppo- site hindmarginal blotch and at anal angle irrorated with fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey. Allied to 2. brachypepla, Meyr., from which it may be dis- tinguished by the differently shaped fasciz and the hindmarginal blotch. From E. epicausta, Meyr., it may be distinguished by the inwardly oblique anterior fascia; and from JZ. schalidota, Meyr., by the thorax being white anteriorly. brisbane; one specimen. OENOcHROA, Meyr. I have taken O. /etella,* Walk., and O. homora, Meyr., w.s., near Brisbane, and have bred both species, the former from Eucalyptus, the latter from Acacia. OENOCHROA OCHROSOMA, %. sp. Female, 17-18 mm. Head and face whitish-grey. Palpi whitish-grey, terminal joint fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax *In Walker’s Catalogue this stands as lactella, which is doubtless a printer’s error. 14 dark fuscous, with an irregular central whitish-grey blotch. Ab- domen pale ochreous. Anterior and middle legs dark fuscous, middle tibie and tarsi annulated with whitish-grey ; posterior legs ochreous whitish, tarsi fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very oblique ; dark fuscous irregularly irrorated with whitish-grey scales; a whitish fascia from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-fourth, anteriorly concave, posteriorly convex, moderately broad on costa, narrowing tcwards inner margin ; basal area of disc, and a trans- verse band beyond fascia free from whitish scales ; a dark dot or crescent in disc beyond middle, and a dark line from costa at four-fifths to anal angle, sharply angulated in disc; cilia dark fuscous-grey. Hindwings pale ochreous-yellow ; extreme apex pale fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous. Distinguished from all except 0. /etella, Walk., by the yellow hindwings, Brisbane; two specimens in August. OENOCHROA GNOPHODES, 1%. sp. Male, 14 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne slaty-grey. Palpi with second joint markedly dilated at apex, forming an incipient tuft. Antennal ciliations in male rather long (2). Thorax dark fuscous. with a central median band pale slatey-grey ; shoulders pale slatey-grey. Abdomen fuscous. Legs whitish; anterior and middle tibie and tarsi dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, narrow; costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very oblique ; whitish-slaty-grey ; markings dark fuscous, rather obscure ; an inwardly oblique fascia from costa at one-third to inner margin at one-fourth ; anterior to this some obscure con- fluent dark markings ; indications of an interrupted fascia from costa at four-fifths to anal angle; a series of dark fuscous dots on hindmargin ; cilia fuscous, irrorated with pale whitish-slaty-grey. Hindwings pale grey, darker towards hindmargin; cilia, grey. Brisbane ; one specimen. Puacocosma, Meyr. PLACUCOSMA ANTHOPETALA, Meyr. Brisbane. PLACOCOSMA PHAEINA, 7. sp. Male, 12 mm. Head and face snow-white, side-tufts tinged with fuscous. Palpi snow-white; second joint with a fuscous subapical ring ; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly and at apex. Antenne white, with dark fuscous annulations, basal joint fuscous. Thorax snow-white, apex of crest golden-ochreous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior tibie fus- cous, anterior tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very 15 obliquely rounded ; snow - white ; with three golden - ochreous fascie, first slightly outwardly oblique from costa near base to inner margin at one-sixth, of equal thickness throughout ; second from costa at three-fifths to anal angle, somewhat dilated on costa, and constricted in disc ; third from apex parallel to hindmargin, ending in a point above anal angle ; hindmarginal edge white ; cilia fuscous at apex ; thence golden-ochreous. Hindwings grey ; cilia ochreous. Distinct and easily recognised. Brisbane ; one specimen taken by Mr. Ilhdge. Linosticua, Jey. LINOSTICHA ALBIDA, 2. sp. Male and female, 11-15 mm. Head, face, and thorax white. Palpi white; basal two-thirds of second joint pale ochreous- fuscous. Antennze white. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish. | Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex acute, hindmargin very oblique; white; with a few scat- tered fuscous scales ; “posterior portion of disc and along principal veins faintly ochreous-tinged ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings and cilia white, faintly ochreous-tinged. Brisbane ; nine specimens. PuHiaopota, Meyr. The following are taken near Brisbane :—P. twrbatella, Walk.; P. psephophora, Meyr.; P. melanodelta, Meyr. PHLGOPOLA SUBVIRIDELLA, %, Sp. Male, 16-19 mm. Head fuscous, face whitish. Palpi fuscous, second joint irrorated with whitish scales, and with a narrow white apical ring. Antenne whitish, barred above with fuscous. Thorax fuscous ; apex of crest and of shoulders white. Abdomen pale ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish ; anterior and middle tibix and tarsi fuscous, with whitish annulations. Forewings elongate, posteriorly moderately dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; whitish, irregularly irrorated with greenish-grey and fuscous scales, which give rise to mark- ings ; a dark fuscous dot at base of costa, a second at base of hindmargin, and a very short narrow dark line in disc outside fold close to base; a dark-fuscous dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold immediately below first ; there is a tendency to form transverse fasciz of greenish- grey ‘scales, including the first two dots—these are best marked on costa as dark- creenish- -grey dots; a third costal dot just before apex ; cilia pale-greenish-grey, bases whitish. Hindwings pale- fuscous, whitish towards base ; cilia whitish, at apex fuscous. Best distinguished by the greenish tint of the forewing. Bris- bane ; two specimens. 16 PHL@OPOLA EUCAPNODES, 1. sp. Female, 13-18 mm. Head and face whitish. Palpi whitish ; base of second joint and a subapical band dark fuscous ; terminal joint with a median dark fuscous band. Antenne dark fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous, apex of crest and shoulders whitish. Ab- domen ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior tibiz and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white irrorated with fuscous ; a dark fuscous dot at base of costa, a second at base of inner margin, and a third confluent with first in basal part of disc ; an irregular dark fuscous fascia from costa at one-fourth to inner margin before middle, interrupted in costal part of disc, strongly dilated on inner margin, and enclosing a blackish dot on fold ; a dark fuscous blotch on costa beyond middle, connected by a blackish dot with another dark fuscous blotch on anal angle to form a complete fascia ; a dark fuscous blotch on costa before apex, with a suffused line toward anal angle; hindmarginal edge mostly dark fuscous ; cilia fuscous, at lower half of hindmargin irrorated with white. Hindwings and cilia fuscous. Brisbane ; two specimens. PHLGOPOLA BASIGRAMMA, 7. sp. Male, 13-21 mm. Head white, anterior part of side-tufts some- times fuscous; face white. Palpi, basal half of second joint dark fuscous, apical half white; terminal joint white, with an indistinct fuscous band before middle. Antennz ochreous-fus- cous. Thorax dark fuscous, apex of crest and of shoulders white. Abdomen ochreous, beneath whitish. Legs whitish; anterior and middle tibize and tarsi fuscous with whitish annulations. Forewings elongate, dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargiu obliquely rounded; white, irrorated with greyish scales, costal edge and posterior part of disc tinged with pale ochreous ; a thick blackish streak from base of costa along fold to one-third, on the centre of the outer surface of this is a blackish projection ; from apex of streak a fuscous shade extends to inner margin at two-fifths; a blackish dot on costa at one- third; a blackish dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle obliquely below first ; a straight, dark fuscous fascia from costa at two-thirds to anal angle, containing a black dot on costa and a second in disc; a dark fuscous inwardly oblique spot on costa before apex, from which a fine outwardly curved line is continued to anal angle ; hindmarginal edge narrowly fuscous ; cilia whitish. Hindwings whitish, suffused with fuscous, especially at apex ; cilia towards apex fuscous, with a whitish basal line, towards anal angle whitish. . 4 ie ee 17 Distinguished from all but P. semocausta, Meyr., by the dark basal line along fold. Brisbane ; six specimens. PHL@OPOLA MELANOSPILA, 7. sp. Male and female, 17-29 mm. Head and face ochreous-tus- cous. Palpi ochreous-whitish irrorated with dark fuscous scales, terminal joint dark fuscous except at apex. Antenne ochre- ous-fuscous, obscurely annulated with dark fuscous; cilia- tions two-thirds. Thorax ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen ochre- ous-fuscous. Legs ochreous - fuscous, tarsi banded with dark fuscous; anterior tibie dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; reddish-ochreous fuscous, with scattered whitish and dark fuscous scales; markings blackish- fuscous; a large basal blotch extending from base of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, with a rounded or toothed projection into disc above fold ; in the male the basal blotch is uniformly blackish-fuscous, in the female partly obscured by the ground-colour, its posterior edge partly bordered with whitish; a suffused spot on costa at one-third: a distinct white-bordered dot in disc at one-third ; a large pentagonal blotch from costa at two-thirds, reaching more than half across disc ; a short whitish- bordered longtitudinal line between this and basal blotch, below which is a fuscous suffusion; a suffused spot below costa near apex, from which proceeds a curved series of whitish-bordered dots to near anal angle ; cilia whitish-ochreous, with a median fus- cous line. Hindwings fuscous-grey; cilia fuscous-grey with an indistinct darker line. Nearest to P. melanodelta, Meyr, but is a much larger insect. Brisbane ; six specimens. PHL@OPOLA EUPREPES, 7. sp. Male,15 mm. Head and face very pale ochreous-white. Palpi whitish ; second joint dark fuscous at base, and with an indistinct subapical fuscous ring ; terminal joint with a broad fuscous band before middle. Antenne blackish, in male with incipient serra- tions. Thorax blackish-fuscous, a few scattered scales and apex of crest whitish. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish : anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi dark fuscous, annulated with whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa mode- rately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; very pale ochreous-white, with a few scattered dark fuscous scales ; markings dark fuscous ; a squarish spot at base of costa ; a short very narrow streak near inner margin at base; a broad fascia from costa at one-fourth to middle of inner margin, dilated on fold and broadly dilated on inner margin, costal edge between B 18 this and basal spot is dark fuscous; a second fascia on costa beyond middle to anal angle, very broad on costa, then narrowing and almost interrupted in disc, being connected by a very short oblique bar with a rounded blotch above anal angle ; between first and second fascia is a round dot in centre of disc ; a third fascia commences by a broad band directed obliquely inwards from costa just before apex, and is continued by a fine line, first obliquely outwards, and then bent sharply and continued parallel to hindmargin to anal angle, where it joins second fascia: a dark fuscous line along hindmargin ; cilia, bases barred alternately with whitish and dark fuscous, apices pale fuscous. Hindwings pale fuscous, darker towards apex ; cilia fuscous. A very neat and distinct species. Brisbane; two fine specimens. PHL@OPOLA LEUCOCEPHALA, 7. sp. Male and female, 13-18 mm. Head and face snow-white. Palpi white, base of second joint and apical one-half or two-thirds of terminal joint dark-fuscous. Antenne white, sharply annulated with dark-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous, shoulders and crest snow-white. Abdomen ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; ant- erior and middle tibie and tarsi dark-fuscous, annulated with ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, not dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; snow-white, markings dark-fuscous ; a very small spot at base of costa; an inwardly curved streak from inner-margin near base, joining first fascia near costa; a broad oblique fascia from costa at one-fourth to middle of inner-margin; narrower on costa, dilated on inner-margin; a second fascia from costa just beyond middle to anal angle, both fascize with irregularly dentate margins ; a third broad fascia from costa near apex, in- wardly oblique, and coalescing with second at anal angle ; cilia white, bases barred with dark-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey. In this species vein seven of forewings is to hindmargin. It appears nearly allied to P. synchyta, Meyr. Brisbane; six specimens. SPHYRELATA, Meyr. S. ochrophea, Meyr., and S. melanoleuca, Meyr., are taken about Brisbane. PiLoprePEs, Meyr. The following are taken in the neighborhood of Brisbane :— P. emulella, Meyr.; P. aristocratica, Meyr.; P. lophoptera, Lower (Trans. Royal Soc., 8.A., 1894). 19 PitoprePes Lucasil, 2. sp. Male, 17-18 mm. Head snow-white, apices of sidetufts orange- fuscous. Face snow-white. Palpi white, apex of terminal joint fuscous. Antenne white, obscurely annulated with pale-fuscous. Thorax white, more or less irrorated or marked with orange-fuscous, with a posterior dark-fuscous spot; crest orange-fuscous. Abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior tibiz and tarsi densely clothed with long ‘hairs, white suffused with grey. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, slightly dilated with scales at one-half, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; a snow-white basal patch, posterior margin well- defined, from costa at one-fourth obliquely outwards to fold, thence angulated inwards to inner-margin at two-fifths, in this margin are two very prominent tufts of raised scales, one at fold, the other between fold and costa ; a dark-fuscous spot at base of costa, and another at base of inner-margin; the white basal patch also contains a purplish-grey transverse band from inner-margin not reaching costa, often broken up into spots, and a pale- ochreous. suffusion between this and base near inner-margin , median area of disc purplish-grey, bounded by a line from costa at two-thirds to anal angle, indented in disc and at anal angle ; within this is a narrow interrupted white line from costa before middle to inner-margin before anal angle, its outer-margin suf- fused with orange-fuscous; remainder of disc white, with an interrupted ochreous line along costa, and a subapical orange- fuscous blotch, and a line of fuscous dots along hindmargin ; cilia ochreous-whitish, at anal angle dark-fuscous. Hindwings ochre- ous.yellow ; cilia ochreous-yellow suffused with pale-fuscous. Very distinct. Brisbane, two specimens; first taken by Dr. T. P. Lucas. PILOPREPES GLAUCASPIS, 7. sp. Male, 16 mm. Head white, anterior part of side-tufts reddish- brown. Face white. Palpi whitish, apex of second joint, and all terminal joint except base fuscous. Antenne whitish ; cilia- tions three. Thorax white, anterior part fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi white, barred with fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched at base, with a strong tuft of scales at one- half, thence straight, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white, with scattered, pale reddish-brown scales ; a dark fuscous spot at base of costa, and a second in disc close to first; central portion of disc occupied by a large olive-green blotch, which commences in a dark fuscous dot on costa at one-third, rapidly widens in disc, and on inner margin reaches from one-third to just before anal angle, its anterior margin concave, posterior 20 margin convex, white bordered ; beyond this disc is pale reddish brown, darker towards hindmargin, and contains a curved line of obscure fuscous dots ; costal tuft dark fuscous; cilia grey, bases barred with fuscous, at anal angle white. Hindwings and cilia grey. Conspicuously distinct. The antennal ciliations are very long for this genus, but I do not think it necessary to separate it. Vein seven of forewings is distinctly to apex, and the costal tuft is characteristic. One specimen; taken near Brisbane by Mr. Tllidge. TERATOMORPHA, 1%. g. Head with appressed scales, sidetufts moderate, closely ap- pressed. Antenne moderate, basal joint stout, pecten absent, ciliations in male unknown. Palpi very long; second joint very long, horizontally porrected, with a brush-like projection of long scales on inferior margin from one-third to apex, and a smaller brush on middle third of superior margin ; terminal joint shorter, ascending, its middle third thickened with loose scales, apical third smooth, apex acute. Thorax with a posterior crest. Fore- wings moderate ; costa with tufts of scales ; hindmargin sinuate, not oblique ; disc with strong tufts of raised scales. Hindwings as broad as forewings, ciliations one-fourth. Abdomen (broken). Anterior tibiz but slightly thickened. Forewings with vein 7 to costa, 2 from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. Perhaps an extreme development of Piloprepes. TERATOMORPHA COELIOTA, 2. Sp. Female, 27-50 mm. Head and face ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish ; second joint irrocated with fuscous scales, except on tufts ; terminal joint with a broad dark-fuscous ring before middle, a small fuscous ring beyond middle, and a third at apex. Antenne whitish with fuscous annulations. Thorax ochreous- whitish with a few dark fuscous scales. Legs ochreous-whitish banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa exca- vated in middle and again bafore apex, before each excavation is a strong tuft of scales, apex rounded, hind-margin sinuate not oblique ; ochreous-whitish ; a broad dark-fuscous band, partly interrupted by ground-color, from costa at one-sixth, towards, but ceasing abruptly before, middle of disc ; afew scattered dark- fuscous scales; a dark-fuscous blotch at apex; in oblique light some of the fuscous scales have a metallic iridescence ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; a dark-fuscous spot at apex ; cilia ochreous-whitish, at apex fuscous. This curious species is evidently a mimic of birds’ droppings. Bowen, North Queensland, two specimens in the collection of the Brisbane Museum. 21 PHYLLOPRANES, 1%. g. Head loosely haired, sidetufts moderate, spreading. Antenne moderate, basal joint stout, pecten absent, ciliations in male unknown. Palpi rather long, second joint somewhat exceeding base of antenne, densely scaled beneath, scales forming a large apical tuft, terminal joint much shorter, moderate, recurved. Thorax smooth. Forewings moderate, apex pointed, hindmargin only slightly oblique, with a strong tuft of scales on costa. Hind- wings narrower than forewings, cilia at apex long forming a hook- like projection, basal cilia one-half. Abdomen moderate. Anterior tibie not dilated. Forewings with vein seven to apex, two from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. The tufted palpi recalls Palparia, and the costal tufts Pelo- prepes, but I doubt whether it is really closely related to either genus. PHYLLOPHANES DYSEURETA, 7. Sp. Female, 22 mm. Head, face, and thorax whitish, irrorated with reddish-brown. Palpi anteriorly reddish-brown, posteriorly whitish ; terminal joint with a median white ring; tuft two- fifths length of terminal joint. Antenne pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish grey. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior tibiz and tarsi reddish-brown. Forewings elongate oblong, costa moderately arched, strongly dilated with scales before middle, apex pointed, subrectangular, hindmargin slightly oblique, lower half obliquely rounded ; whitish thickly irrorated with reddish-brown scales ; a few fuscous scales in disc, on fold, and about anal angle; cilia whitish. Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish, apical tuft fuscous, from this a median fuscous line can be traced for a short distance. Not like any other species. When the wings are closed the apical tufts of hindwings project beneath costa of forewings, giving the appearance of a second costal tuft. The moth then closely resembles a piece of crumpled leaf. Brisbane; one specimen from Lugenia. PYCNOCERA, 7. g. Head with appressed scales, side-tufts moderate, closely ap- pressed. Antenne moderately long, in male very much thickened, serrate (one-third), and densely ciliated (one and a half); with strong pecten. Palpi rather short, second joint not reaching base of antenne, with appressed scales. terminal joint less than half first, moderately stout, recurved. Thorax smooth. Fore- wings moderate, hindinargin scarcely oblique, rounded beneath. Hindwings narrower than forewings ; cilia one-third. Abdomen rather stout. Forewings with vein seven to hindmargin, two from just before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. 22 Immediately distinguished by the greatly thickened antenn of the male. PYCNOCERA HYPOXANTHA, 1. Sp. Male, 21-23 mm. Head, face, and palpi ochreous-fuscous. Antenne dark fuscous. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, apical tuft and basal tufts ochreous. Legs fuscous, anterior and middle tibie and tarsi annulated with ochreous ; posterior tibie and tarsi ochreous. Forewings oblong, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin scarcely oblique, rounded beneath ; dark fuscous thickly irrorated with whitish scales, towards inner margin and about centre of disc these are less numerous or wanting; an oval dark fuscous blotch from anal angle, nearly reaching costa at two-thirds ; a narrow fuscous line from costa at five-sixths, confluent with blotch at anal angle ; cilia fuscous. | Hindwings, basal half clear ochreous-yellow ; apical and hindmarginal portions fuscous ; cilia fuscous with paler basal line, at anal angle ochreous-yellow. Brisbane ; three male specimens. NEPHOGENES, Meyr. Nephogenes fedatella, Walk. Brisbane. Nephogenes atmopis, Meyr. Taken by Meyrick at Toowoomba NEPHOGENES VARIABILIS, 7%. sp. Male, 19-23 mm. Head and face ochreous-whitish Palpi ochre- ous-whitish, second joint sometimes partly suffused with fuscous. Antenne whitish, sometimes annulated with fuscous, basal joint fuscous ; ciliations in male two and a-half. Thorax pale ochreous- whitish, more or less suffused with fuscous; anterior half of shoulders fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish; anteriorand middle tibie and tarsidark fuscous, annulated withwhitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded ; very pale ochreous-whitish, more or less irrorated with fuscous ; mark- ings fuscous ; a triangular patch on costa before middle, reaching one-third across disc ; a dot in disc at one-third, a second slightly beyond this on fold, a third at apex of costal triangle, and several confluent, forming a semilunar mark in disc at two-thirds; a short, inwardly oblique streak from costa at five-sixths, from which proceeds a line sharply bent in disc, and continued parallel to hindmargin to above anal angle, where it sometimes ends in a fuscous spot, but this is only occasionally present; a series of fine dots around apical and hindmarginal edge ; cilia whitish, with two fuscous lines, sometimes interrupted or obsolete. Hind- wings pale grey, darker towards apices ; cilia whitish, with a pale grey line at one-third. - 23 A variable species. The above description is taken from ten specimens, all males, of which scarcely two are exactly alike. They include two well-marked varieties ; in (1) the costal triangle is very well marked, and there is an equally distinct fuscous line along central half of inner-margin, discal dots and posterior line are obsolete, the latter being represented by a conspicous blackish spot above anal angle; in (2) the disc and more especially its basal portion are extensively suffused with fuscous, and an in- wardly concave fuscous shade unites the two extremities of the posterior line. In the narrow forewings it resembles NV. apora, Meyr., from which it may be distinguished by the somewhat ochreous-tinged forewings. From other species it may also be distinguished by the absence of any basal patch or fascia (except in conjunction with a general fuscous suffusion). The long antennal ciliations of the male are also a point of distinction. Brisbane; not un- common. PuiLopota, Meyr. This large genus is conspicuously poorly represented in the neighbourhood of Brisbane. I am able to record the following :— P. chionoptzera, Meyr.; P. pruinosa, Meyr.; P. adaptatella, Walk.; P. xanthiella, Walk.; P. fascialis, Fab.; P. tentatella, Walk.; P. melanoploca, Meyr.; P. pulverea, Meyr. Three additional species have been taken on Stradbrooke Island :—P. irruptella, Z.; P. chrysopotama, Meyr.; P. pretio- sella, Walk. Meyrick records P. erebodes, Meyr., and P. calamea, Meyr., from Toowoomba. PHILOBOTA XIPHERES, 7. sp. Male, 19-20 mm. Head and face white, very faintly ochreous- tinged. Palpi, antenne, and thorax white. Abdomen whitish- grey. Legs whitish-ochreous. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded; snow-white; a fuscous streak along costa almost to apex, attenuated at base and extremity; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia grey. Closely resembles the male of P. chionoptera, Meyr, but may be at once distinguished by the much darker hindwings. Brisbane ; two specimens. PHILOBOTA LONCHOTA, 2. sp. Male, 18 mm. Head, face, and thorax ochreous. Palpi ant- eriorly and externally fuscous, posteriorly and internally ochreous. Antennz fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous ; anterior and middle tibize and tarsi fuscous. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin 24 obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; a dark fuscous streak along costa to three-fourths, attenuated at base and extremity; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey. Distinguished from the preceding by the ochreous-tinged fore- wings, and shorter costal streak. Brisbane ; two specimens. PHILOBOTA PERIXANTHA, 1%. Sp. Male, 18-19 mm.; female, 25-27 mm. Head and face ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous. Antenne whitish, ciliations two. Thorax white. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. | Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior and middle tibie and tarsi suffused with fuscous. Fore- wings elongate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round- pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded; white; base of costa dark fuscous ; costal and hindmarginal edges narrowly ochreous ; cilia ochreous. Huindwings pale grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous. Brisbane ; taken commonly. PHILOBOTA ORPHNITES, 7”. sp. Male, 17-22 mm.; female, 23-25 mm. Head and face white. Palpi whitish, anterior surface of second joint except apex, and of terminal joint pale fuscous. Antenne whitish. Thorax white. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white ; basal fifth of costal edge dark fuscous; some pale fuscous suffusion along costa; discal dots dark fuscous, first at one-third, second obliquely beyond first on fold, third beyond second above fold often absent, fourth above centre of disc, and three others forming a crescent at two-thirds ; an inwardly oblique streak from costa at five-sixths, sharply bent in disc and continued as a series of fine dots parallel to hindmargin to anal angle, this posterior line is often obsolete ; a series of dots often obsolete along apical sixth of costa and hindmargin ; cilia whitish. Hindwing and cilia whitish-grey. Brisbane ; taken commonly. PHILOBOTA ORPHNMA, 2. sp. Male and female, 17-20 mm. Head and face ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish, basal half of anterior surface of second joint sometimes fuscous. Antenne ochreous-fuscous. Thorax ochreous-whitish, with a transverse fuscous band. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; more or less suffused with fuscous scales—these sometimes form an irregular blotch in centre of disc above fold ; a fuscous dot before middle of disc, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold obliquely 25 below first; a more or less obsolete broken fuscous line from costa at five-sixths parellel to hindmargin to before anal angle ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane ; taken commonly. PHILOBOTA LUNATA, %. sp. Male and female, 16-18 mm. Head anteriorly snow-white, posteriorly dark-fuscous. Face snow-white. Palpi, basal third of second joint dark-fuscous, remainder snow-white ; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly, white posteriorly. Antenne dark-fuscous. Thorax snow-white, anterior margin dark-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish; anterior tibie and _ tarsi fuscous, Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin moderately oblique; a snow- white blotch on basal one-third of inner-margin, with a rounded outline extending beyond fold ; a fuscous longitudinal bar from base of costa separates this from a triangular costal white blotch, extending on costa from one-fifth to three-fifths, its apex not reaching middle of disc; an oblong inwardly oblique white blotch from costa before apex; a suffusedly outlined white triangular marking at anal angle, and a white line on middle third of hindmargin; remainder of disc fuscous or reddish-fuscous, irrorated with white ; cilia dark-fuscous, on middle third of hind- margin and at anal angle pure white. Hindwings ochreous, irrorated with fuscous towards apex ; cilia pale-ochreous, at apex fuscous. Brisbane ; five specimens. PHILOBOTA CHRYSANTHES, %. Sp. Male and female, 20-22 mm. Head orange-yellow. Face dark fuscous with some orange-yellow scales. Palpi, anterior surface dark fuscous, extreme base of second joint yellow ; posterior surface yellow. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen ochreous- fuscous. Legs dark fuscous, posterior tibiz and tarsi ochreous on upper surface. Forewings moderate, somewhat dilated pos- teriorly, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; deep yellow ; base of costa dark fuscous at edge ; afuscous line from centre of base to costa at three-fourths, often obsolete except near base ; a second line occasionally present or wholly or partially obsolete from base to anal angle, parallel to and below fold; a fuscous hindmarginal blotch, its anterior margin strongly convex, and enclosing in its lower part a deep yellow spot which may be partly confluent with ground color of dise ; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous; more or less irrorated with yellowish scales ; cilia dark fuscous. Nearest P. awriceps. Butler. Ballandean (2,500 feet), near 26 Wallangarra, Queensland; four specimens in January and February. PHILOBOTA SOPHIA, ”. sp. Male, 19-25 mm. Head orange-yellow. Face dark fuscous. Palpi second joint dark fuscous, apex yellowish ; terminal joint pale yellowish. Antenne dark fuscous. Thorax orange-yellow, with a central fuscous spot. Abdomen dark fuscous, tuft ochre- ous. Legs dark fuscous ; posterior tibie and tarsi pale ochreous on upper surface. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated pos- teriorly, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white; a broad hindmarginal streak, and middle half of costa orange-yellow ; extreme base dark fuscous ; from this a broad dark fuscous streak extends at first on, and then just beneath, costa to three-fifths ; a similar inwardly oblique streak from costa before middle, terminating abruptly on fold at one-third ; between this and base is an orange-yellow streak in costal portion of disc ; from oblique streak just above fold pro- ceeds a longitudinal streak twice bent in disc at two-thirds, and prolonged to apex; a streak from before apex to anal angle, sometimes connected with the preceding above anal angle; cilia at apex dark fuscous, thence orange-yellow. Hindwings grey ; cilia ochreous. A very distinct and handsome species, nearer to P. ida, Lower. than to any other. Armidale (3500ft.), New South Wales - three specimens in October. PHILOBOTA OCULARIS, 7. sp. Male and female, 16-17 mm. Head, face, thorax, and palpi pale yellow. Antenne greyish. Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round- pointed, hindmargin nearly straight, slightly oblique; pale yellow ; costal edge fuscous, darker towards base; a very strongly in- wardly-curved fuscous fascia from costa at five-sixths to anal angle ; hindmarginal edge narrowly fuscous ; cilia fuscous. Hind- wings and cilia fuscous-grey. Differs from the rest of the genus in the short antennal cilia- tions of the male (one-half) ; but it does not appear necessary to _ Separateit at present. There is a strong antennal pecten, and second joint of palpi considerably exceeds base of antennz. Specifically it resembles Coesyra ocellaris, Meyr. Charters Towers (Queensland), two specimens in March. CompsorropHa, Meyr. Compsotropha strophiella, Meyr. Brisbane. 27 CoMPSOTROPHA CHRYSOZONA, 7. sp. Male and female, 18-19 mm. Head black ; face yellowish Palpi second joint considerably exceeding base of antenn, white; terminal joint fuscous. Antenne (ciliations two) ochreous-whitish, annulated with black. Thorax ochreous-yellow. Abdomen fus- cous. Legs ochreous-yellow ; anterior tibize fuscous ; posterior tarsi barred above with fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin sinuate, oblique ; ochreous-yellow, towards base deep yellow ; with four blackish- fuscous faciv ; first occupies basal fifth of disc ; second inwardly oblique from middle of costa to middle of inner margin; third confluent with second on costa, to anal angle ; fourth along hind- margin from apex to anal angle; cilia blackish-fuscous at apex and anal angle, along middle third of hindmargin ochreous-yellow. Hindwings dark fuscous ; costal margin and base suffused with orange-yellow ; cilia dark fuscous, A very distinct insect not nearly related specifically to any other. Brisbane; four specimens in November. PuiLtonymMpHA, MMeyr. . Philonympa hololenca, Meyr. Brisbane. PELTOPHORA, Meyr. The following have been taken near Brisbane :-—P. carphalea, Meyr.; P. prowimella, Walk.; P. basiplaga, Walk.; P. conjunc- tella Walk.; P. privatella, Walk.; P. psammochroa, Lower. P. argutella, Z., and P. marionella, Newm., have been taken on Stradbrooke Island. SARopLa, Meyr. S. cleronoma, Meyr., Brisbane. S. coelatella, Meyr., is recorded by Meyrick from Toowoomba. CoRETHROPALPA, 1%. g. Head with loosely appressed scales, side-tufts rather large, meeting above. Antenne in male moderate, shortly serrated, shortly and evenly ciliated, three-fourths, with moderate pecten. Palpi long, second joint much exceeding base of antenne, horizontally porrected, clothed anteriorly with long scales ex- panding above and beneath to form apical tufts, of these the inferior is much the longer ; terminal joint shorter than second, slender, obliquely ascending, partly concealed in apical tuft. Thorax smooth. Forewings elongate, apex pointed, hindmargin very oblique. Hindwings as broad as forewings, elongate-ovate, hindmargin rounded, cilia three-fourths. Abdomen moderate. Posterior tibize clothed with long hairs. Forewings with vein 28 seven to hindmargin, two from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. Closely allied to Phryganeutis, Meyr., which it resembles in the peculiar palpi, but differs in the short antennal ciliations. CoORETHROPALPA FALCATA, 1%. Sp. Male and female, 16-19 mm. Head and face white. Palpi white, inferior tuft almost as long as terminal joint, external sur- face of second joint fuscous beneath, white above ; terminal joint fuscous. Antenne white above, fuscous beneath. Thorax white ; shoulders pale fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, more strongly towards apex, apex acute, slightly falcate, hindmargin sinuous, very oblique ; pale fuscous, with longitudinal white lines along veins; a double costal streak, a strong subcostal streak with branches along venules, a fine median streak with fine streaks along median venules, a rather strong streak in basal part of disc beneath fold ; a white line along hindmargin; cilia white with basal and apical dark fuscous lines, and a dark fuscous streak just above apex. Hindwings pale grey ; cilia pale grey, apices white, a fuscous basal line in apical half of hindmargin. Brisbane ; observed flying low among grass and herbage in August in numbers. Superficially, its markings resemble those ot one of the Crambide. Pievurora, Hb. The following are taken about Brisbane :—P. brevivittella, Walk.; P. pelowantha, Meyr.; 1’. psammoxantha, Meyr. Caranica, Meyr. Ceranica isabella, Newm. Brisbane. Casyra, Meyr. The following are taken about Brisbane :—C. dichroélla, Z.; C. wozona, Meyr.; C. cyclotomn, Meyr.; C. acrotopa, Meyr. ; C. ochroptera, Meyr.; C. amylodes, Meyr.; C. ergatis, Meyr.; C. gephyrota, Meyr.; C. innwmera, Meyr.; C. leptospila, Meyr. Meyrick also records C. omichlota, Meyr., from Rosewood ; and C. hemiphragma, Meyr., from Toowoomba. COESYRA SPECTABILIS, 7. sp. de , 1 A | « ‘ . 7 | Male, 17 mm. Head pale yellow ; face and palpi yellowish. Antenne fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa scarcely arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin oblique, almost straight; yellow ; base narrowly dark fuscous ; a broad fuscous hindmarginal band, 29 bounded anteriorly by an almost straight edge from costa at two- thirds to before anal angle ; almost in the centre of this band is a suffusedly outlined yellow spot ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and cilia fuscous. Brisbane ; one specimen taken by Mr. Illidge. CoESYRA DICOELA, %. sp. Male and female, 14-16 mm. Head, face, and palpi yellow. Antenne fuscous. Thorax yellow with an anterior fuscous line. Abdomen dark-grey, beneath whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish- ochreous. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex round- pointed, hindmargin almost straight, oblique ; yellow ; costal edge near base fuscous ; a slender purple-fuscous facia from costa at one-third to inner margin slightly before middle, slightly out- wardly curved ; a second similar fascia from costa near apex to anal angle, inwardly curved ; a pale purple-fuscous suffusion along hindmargin ; cilia yellow. Hindwings dark-grey ; cilia dark-grey with a pale basal line. Allied to C. anthodora, Meyr. Brisbane ; five specimens. CoESYRA CHRYSOCOLLA, 7. sp. Male and female, 11-12 mm. Head golden-yellow, face reddish- ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish, terminal joint pale fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi suffused with fuscous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa almost straight, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; bright golden-yellow ; a narrow dark fuscous basal fascia, a slender fus- cous line along costa; a broad fuscous hindmarginal band, ante- rior margin of this slightly convex, from costa at three-fourths to before anal angle; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark- grey. Brisbane ; two specimens. Epipyrea, Meyr. E. agaclita, Meyr., is recorded by Meyrick from Rosewood. OxyTHECTA, Meyr. O. hieroglyphica, Meyr., and O. acceptella, Walker. Brisbane. CREPIDOSCELES, Mey. C’. eostephana, Meyr., and C. exanthema, Meyr. Brisbane. Ocystroua, Meyr. The following have been taken near Brisbane :—0O. thiasotis, Meyr.; O. oxytora, Meyr.; O. acroxantha, Meyr.; O. psamathina, 30 Meyr.; O. monostropha, Meyr.; O. paulinella, Newm.; O. neurota, Meyr. . Meyrick records O. suppresse/la, Walk., from Rosewood, and O. protosticha, Meyr., from Toowoomba. PAROCYSTOLA, 7. g. Head smooth, side-tufts moderate, loose. Antenne in male with moderate ciliations (one and a-half); basal joint without pecten, rarely with a few scales only. Palpi rather short ; second joint barely reaching base of antennz, with appressed scales, somewhat loose beneath towards apex; terminal joint shorter than second, moderately slender, recurved. Thorax smooth. Forewings moderate, apex acute, hindmargin straight, oblique. Hindwings elongate-ovate, cilia one. Abdomen moderate. Pos- terior tibiz clothed with moderately long hairs above. Forewings with vein seven to hindmargin, two from before angle of cell. Hindwings normal. A development of Ocystola, from which it is distinguished by the absence of the pecten, and the shorter antennal ciliations. The latter character serves to separate it from Compsotropha, to which it is not really very closely allied. PAROCYSTOLA LEUCOSPORA, %. Sp. Male and female, 13-16 mm. Head, face, and thorax pale ochreous-grey. Palpi and antenne greyish. Abdomen ochreous- whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish. Forewings. moderate, costa gently arched, apex acute, hindmargin straight, or slightly sinu- ate; pale greyish, tinged with ochreous; an ill-defined fuscous line along costa; extreme costal edge pinkish-ochreous; an occasional ill-defined fuscous suffusion on inner margin at one- third; a fuscous dot in disc at one-third, sometimes obsolete, a second at two-thirds, and a third on fold obliquely below first ; the latter two often accompanied by two white spots very variable in their development; a line of fuscous dots from costa at two- thirds, angulated in disc to anal angle, each fuscous dot accom- panied by a white dot ; a dark fuscous line around apex and along hindmargin ; cilia pinkish-ochreous, at apex and anal angle fus- cous. Hindwings grey, towards base ochreous-tinged ; cilia grey. Brisbane ; from September to November; not uncommon. I have bred one specimen from Acacia Cunninghame. Macuaritis, Meyr. M. calligenes, Meyr.; M. melanospora, Meyr.; M. indocta, Meyr. Brisbane. Leprocroca, Meyr. L. sanguinolenta, Meyr. Brisbane. 31 OECOPHORA, Z. O. hemispherica, Meyr. Brisbane. Meyrick also records O. lagara, Meyr., from Rosewood, and O. eremea, Meyr., from Toowoomba. OECOPHORA SPHAEROIDES, 7”. sp. Female, 14-15 mm. Head and face ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish ; terminal joint and basal third of second joint fuscous. Antenne ochreous-whitish annulated with fuscous. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs ochreous- whitish ; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; a fuscous spot at base of costa ; a dark fuscous dot in dise at one-third, a second obliquely below first on fold, two confluent dots placed transversely in disc at two-thirds; a dark fuscous dot at anal angle ; a fuscous shade in‘outer part of dise, sharply limited anteriorly by an outwardly oblique, out- wardly curved line from costa beyond middle through posterior diseal dots to before anal angle; posteriorly this shades off into ground colour ; a submarginal line of confluent dark fuscous dots along posterior one-third of costa and hindmargin ; cilia ochreous- whitish, at anal angle pale fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane ; two specimens taken by Mr. Illidge. OECOPHORA HEMILEUCA, 1%. sp. Female, 17 mm. Head and face snow-white. Palpi white; basal half of second joint fuscous. Antenne dark fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous, with a large snow-white posterior spot. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, costa almost straight, apex tolerably acute, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; snow-white; a broad fuscous streak from base along costa to one-third ; thence proceeds a fuscous fascia, slightly outwardly oblique, to inner margin before middle, its anterior edge sharply defined, posterior edge suffused ; a darker dot on fold in posterior edge of this fascia ; a broad fuscous fascia from costa near apex, narrowing abruptly to a point at anal angle ; between the two fasciz are some obscure fuscous markings in costal portion of disc ; a fuscous spot on hindmargin below middle; cilia fuscous, just above anal angle ochreous-whitish. Hindwings grey, basal half whitish-ochreous ; cilia, apical third fuscous, remainder whitish-ochreous. Very distinct. In the absence of the male the generic position of this species cannot be exactly determined. In the specimen examined, which is rather worn, I cannot distinguish any trace of a pecten ; further observation will be required to deter- mine whether this is really absent. Brisbane; one specimen taken by Mr. Illidge. 32 CrossopHora, JMeyr. C niphadia, Meyr. Brisbane. MacrospatHrRa, Meyr. The following have been taken in the neighbourhood of Bris bane :—W. chrysotoxa, Meyr.; M. desmotona, Meyr.; ML. mesopora Meyr.; JL. chlorosoma, Meyr.; M. niphadobola, Meyr.; M. argo nota, Meyr.; M. alternatella, Walk.; M. «xuthocoma, Meyr. ? M. crymalea, Meyr.; M. melanargyra, Meyr.; YU. myriophthalma, Meyr.; MZ. chrysospiia, Meyr.; M. diplochrysa, Lower. Meyrick also records Jf. brontodes, Meyr., from Rosewood, and M. monostadia, Meyr., and M. nephelomorpha, Meyr., from Toowoomba. I have bred a specimen of MZ. wuthocoma from Acacia penni- mervis, and a series of M. chrysospila from Acacia complanata and A. decurrens. M. diplochrysa, Lower, I have bred abundantly from Acacia Cunninghami in September, but have never observed in the free state. MACROBATHRA PUNCTICULATA, %. SD. Male, 15 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous. Face ochreous- whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish ; second joint irrorated with fuscous ; terminal joint dark fuscous except at base and apex. Antenne dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous, annul- ated with ochreous- whitish. Forewings elongate - lanceolate ; dark fuscous ; an oblong, ochreous-white, outwardly oblique spot from costa at one-fourth, reaching fold ; an ochreous-white dot on middle of costa, a conspicuous white spot on costa at three-fourths ; a yainute ochreous-white dot in centre of disc at one-third, a second on fold obliquely beyond first, a third in middle of disc, and a fourth in disc at two-thirds; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane ; one specimen, bred from Acacia sp. in October. MACROBATHRA CHRYSOBAPHES, 7. sp. Male and female, 13-16 mm. Head and face ochreous-yellow. Palpi ochreous-whitish; second joint fuscous anteriorly; terminal joint fuscous, except at base and apex. Thorax pale purple- fuscous, with a yellowish anterior and posterior spot. Abdomen fuscous, towards base ochreous-yellowish. Legs dark-fuscous, banded with whitish-yellowish. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; pale purple-fuscous ; markings deep ochreous-yellow ; a small basal spot ; a broad outwardly oblique fascia from costa at one- fifth, not reaching inner-margin narrowest at costa, broad on fold; a rather large spot on costa before middle, and another of 33 equal size on inner-margin opposite ; a small round spot on disc at two-thirds ; a rather large spot on costa at four-fifths, and a smaller spot on anal angle ; apical portion of disc darker fuscous ; cilia fuscous, beneath anal angle paler, on costal spot yellow. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane; six specimens bred from Acacia sp. Closely allied » to AL. chrysospila, from which it is readily distinguished by the paler ground-color, deeper yellow markings, and especially by the broader fascia. I have bred a large number of the latter species, and find these points of distinction constant. MACROBATHRA ROSEA, ”. sp. Male and female, 10-13 mm. Head dull rosy ; face paler rosy Palpi, second-joint rosy-whitish, irrorated with dark fuscous ; terminal joint dark fuscous, irrorated with rosy-whitish, apex whitish. Antennze fuscous, obscurely annulated with whitish. Thorax dull rosy irrorated with dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous ; anterior and middle pair banded with rosy-whitish; posterior with whitish. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; pale rosy ; base narrowly blackish-fuscous ; with four transverse black- ish-fuscous fascize, more or less suffused and interrupted in disc ; first from costa at one-fifth to inner margin at one-fourth ; second from costa at two-fifths to middle of inner margin; third from costa at three-fifths to before anal angle ; fourth from costa before apex to hindmargin just above anal angle ; cilia ochreous with a fuscous basal line, on costa and just above and below anal angle fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey. A pretty and very distinct species, Brisbane ; six specimens. The following are new localities for the species mentioned. Ballandean (2500ft.) is seven miles north of Wallangarra on the Queensland border. Eochrois laetiferana, Ballandean. Zonopetala divisella, Ballandean. Heliocausta severa, Ballandean. Heliocausta limbata, Armidale (3500ft.), New South Wales. Hoplitica pudica, Ballandean. Hoplitica rufa, Ballandean. Eulechria puellaris, Ballandean. Lulechria epicausta, Ballandean. Eulechria leucopelta, Ballandean. Eulechria habrophanes, Ballandean. Eulechria xylopterella, Armidale (3500ft.), New South Wales. Sphyrelata indecorella, Ballandean. Nephogenes apora, Ballandean. Philobota arabella, Armidale. Philobota anchylotoxa, Armidale. Cc 34 Philobota chrysopotama, Armidale. Philobota monoloncha, Armidale. Philobota pruinosa, Armidale. Philobota catachrysa, Armidale. Philobota automina, Sydney, New South Wales. Philobota occidua, Ballandean. Philonympha leptostola, Ballandean. Oxythecta alternatella, Armidale. Oxythecta zonoteles, Armidale. Oxythecta acceptella, Armidale. 30 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Biacksurn, B.A. [Read April 14, 1896.] XIX. BUPRESTID. CALODEMA. C. Wallacei, Deyr. There is an example of this insect in Mr. French’s collection, which that gentleman informs me was taken in N. Queensland. STIGMODERA. S. magnifica, sp. nov. Sat lata; metallico-viridis, prothoracis disco elytrisque violaceo-purpureis, his fascia mediana com- muni sat lata aurantiaca ornatis; capite longitudinaliter concayvo, antice grosse leviter (postice magis profunde minus grosse) punctulato; prothorace fortiter transverso, acervatim sat fortiter punctulato, antice valde angustato, lateribus mox ante basin fortiter dilatato-rotundatis; elytris fortiter striatis, striis leviter punctulatis, interstitiis convexis fere ut strie punctulatis, lateribus postice crenulatis, apice breviter bispinoso. Long., 10 1.; lat., 441. This magnificent insect is quite distinct by its color and mark- ings from all others known to me. It should be placed I think near S. alternozona, Thoms. N. Queensland ; in the collection of Mr. French. ELATERID, TETRIGUS. This genus is new to the Australian fauna. The antenne are of very characteristic form in their lamelle being given off from the base (not the apex) of the lamellated joint. The antennz of the following species are exactly like those of 7’. parallelws, Cand. (as figured, Mon. Elat., vol. I., pl. v., fig. 5a), except in their apical joint being differently formed. The head too is very dis- tinctive, the forehead being abruptly truncate in front, with the part which Dr. Candéze calls the “ plaque nasale ” abruptly per- pendicular. T. australicus, sp. nov. Elongatus; subparallelus ; pubescens ; capite prothoraceque crebre subtilius punctulatis ; hoc quam 36 longiori parum latiori, angulis posticis retrorsum productis acutis carinatis; elytris prothoraci latitudine squalibus, apice breviter submucronatis, subtiliter striatis, striis sat subtiliter minus crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis crebre subtiliter punctulatis; antennarum articulo ultimo ad apicem breviter subappendiculato. Long., 16—1é6 1.; lat., 4—44 1. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. French. TENEBRIONIDAi. SPILOSCAPHA. S. thalloides, Pasc. This species (described by Mr. Pascoe as a Platydema) is certainly a Spiloscapha. Mr. Bates (E.M.M., IX., p. 203) has already expressed the opinion that the description of P. thalloides reads like that of S. crassicornis. Examples before me are certainly P. thalloides, equally certainly a Spiloscapha, and scarcely less certainly S. crassicornis, Bates,—which name consequently should be regarded as a synonym of Mr. Pascoe’s name. BRENTHID:. HORMOCERUS. H. fosswlatus, sp. nov. Griseo-brunneus, prothoracis sulco intus plus minusve flavescenti; opacus; rostro quam prothorax vix breviori, postice longitudinaliter suleato; antennis quam rostrum multo brevioribus, robustis, articulis (basali apicali- que exceptis) transversis ; prothorace longitudinaliter pro- funde sulcato, ad latera grosse vix crebre punctulatis, antice angustato ; elytris sulcatis, sulcis grosse punctulatis, inter- stitiis costulatis. Maris rostro recto ad apicem dilatato ; prothorace quam latiori duplo longiori; elytris ad apicem late explanatis ; abdominis segmentis basalibus 2 late profunde concavis. ; Feminz rostro manifeste arcuato; prothorace quam latiori sesquilongiori ; elytris ad apicem vix explanatis ; abdominis segmentis basalibus 2 grosse vermiculatis, haud concavis. Long. (rostr. excepto), 8-—10 1.; lat., 13—1,% 1. The genus Hormocerus has not, I believe, been previously re- corded as Australian. The above species is clothed with a kind of dust-like squamosity which however is wanting on the front half of the rostrum and is very sparse on the disc of the pro- thorax. The antenne are inserted (in the male scarcely, in the female distinctly) behind the middle of the rostrum. N. Queensland ; Cairns ; sent to me by Mr. Froggatt and Mr. Masters. 37 MESELIA (gen. nov. Brenthidarum). Mas. Caput fere ut /thysteni sed paullo minus elongatum ; ros- trum leviter compressum quam prothorax paullo longius, supra longitudinaliter sulcatum ad apicem minus dilatatum ; antenne fere ut Jthysteni sed paullo breviores ; prothorax et elytra fere ut Jihysteni sed his (speciei typicee) sat fortiter striatis ; femora postica vix ultra abdominis segmentum 2°" extensa ; tarsorum posticorum articulus 1" quam sequentes 2 conjuncti haud longior; abdominis segmenta basalia 2 longitudinaliter concava. Femina latet. In M. Lacordaire’s arrangement of the Lrenthide this genus is referable without hesitation to the division consisting of the two groups Selorhynchides and Ithystenides (which are dis- tinguished inter se by the tarsi either “robust, with the basal joint not longer than the next two together” or “slender, with the basal joint longer”) but it seems to be intermediate between those groups, having slender tarsi the basal joint of which does not exceed the next twoin length. I cannot find that it has been hitherto characterised. M. amena, sp. nov. Rufo-testacea ; capite antennis prothoracis vittis 3 pedibus elytrorum parte suturali et corporis subtus partibus lateralibus nigro-piceis, elytrorum vittis discoidali- bus 3 angustis flavo-testaceis; capite prothoraceque fere leevibus ; elytris leviter striatis, striis crebre minus fortiter punctulatis. Long. (rostro excepto), 8 1.; lat., 13, 1. N.S. Wales; Tweed River District ; sent by Mr. Froggatt. LONGICORNES. OPSIDOTA. O. estuosa, sp. nov. Mas. Rufa, pilis albis sat sparsim vestita, his in prothoracis basi maculis 3 et in scutello condensatis ; sat grosse (elytrorum apicem versus vix rugulose) ruguloso- punctulata ; antennis quam corpus vix longioribus, articulis (basalibus 2 exceptis) fortiter compressis, 3° quam 4°° sub- breviori, 11° appendiculato ; prothorace quam longiori fere sesquilatiori, ante medium rotundato-dilatato, in disco longi- tudinaliter breviter elevato-glabro ; elytrorum apice suturali spiniformi. Long., 15 1.; lat., 42 1 Femine antennis quam corpus multo brevioribus, oculis quam maris inter se minus approximatis. Long., 18 1.; lat., 51. Sculptured almost exactly as Anatisis laminosus, Newm., but a little more coarsely on the basal part of the elytra. Also bears considerable resemblance to A. Frenchi, Blackb., but at once distinguishable by its male having non-flabellate antenne. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. French. 38 ACROGENIUS (gen. nov. Cerambycidarwi ). Caput antice productum ; oculi emarginati, vix subtiliter granu- lati; antenne (femine?) quam corpus sat _ breviores (articulis haud spinosis, 1° modico, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1“ et quam 4" duplo longiori, 5° quam 4" vix breviori); pro- thorax subcylindricus inermis; elytra ad apicem truncata haud spinosa; cox intermedize extus clause; femora petiolata, elongata, ad apicem subito valde clavata (posticis elytra paullo superantibus) ; tarsorum posticorum articulus 1°* quam 2"* 3" que conjuncti vix longior. Its finely granulate eyes (about as finely as in Hetosticta, in which however the granulation is less fine than in many genera of the section) refer this genus to the second of M. Lacordaire’s sections of the Cerambycides. In that section the combination of ‘intermediate cox closed externally,” “front cox rather widely separated from each other,’ ‘head not narrowed behind,” “elytra punctulate,” ‘“elytral epipleurz obsolete,” “eyes rather distant from each other” places this genus among six ‘ groupes” which M. Lacordaire says cannot be distinguished inter se by any sharply defined character. Of these groups it appears to me that the Tillomorphides is the one in which the present genus is most at home. Its antenne are not long enough for the Rhopalophorides, and other objections occur in respect of the remaining four. The most striking character seems to lie in its femora, all of which are petiolate and clavate in the most exaggerated degree, the petiole of the front femora being a little longer than (of the inter- mediate nearly twice as long as, and of the hind more than twice as long as) the clavate black apex. Thus the femora are not unlike those of Hctosticta except in being (especially the hind pair which are half again as long as the intermediate) much longer. The head, prothorax and antenne are very much like those of Acrocyrta chrysoderes, Pasc., except in the yellow of the prothorax being of the derm (not caused by pubescence) and in the antennz not being spinose. ‘A. tinctus, sp. nov. Sat elongatus ; setis subtilibus erectis sat sparsim vestitus; capite meso- et meta- sternis pedibus (femorum petiolo excepto) prothoracis macula parva et elytris (notulis nonnullis exceptis) nigris, partibus ceteris rufo-testaceis, elytrorum notulis flavis exceptis [sc. in utroque elytro sutura et margine laterali usque ultra medium, plaga subscutellari elevata eburnea, notula lineari discoidali eburnea litteram 4 (sursum deorsum versatam) simulanti, inter hanc et marginem lateralem linea eburnea oblique posita, et fascia eburnea paullo ante apicem posita|, antennis ad basin fere nigris ultra medium fuscescentibus ; 39 capite fortiter (antice sat crebre postice sat sparsim) punc- tulato; prothorace subvelutino subopaco haud_perspicue sculpturato, longitudine latitudini quali, subcylindrico (sed lateribus leviter arcuatis); elytris crebre grosse rugulose (prope apicem minus crebre minus grosse) punctulatis. Long., 4 $1.; lat., 13 1 The elytral markings are not much like those of any other species known to me; the elevated ivory-like lines are of a pale yellow color and are placed on patches of brighter yellow than themselves and of similar shape. If the yellow color be taken as the ground, the blackish markings are (a) a large basal patch not quite touching the lateral margins and interrupted at the suture (6) a mark resembling the letter L (reversed on the left elytron) ; regarding the yellow color as the markings the head of the insect must be towards the observer to produce the effect of a yellow L, which is then seen on what appears to be the left elytron, that on the right elytron being then reversed (c) a patch covering the whole of about the apical quarter of the elytra. N. Queensland ; in the collection of Mr. French. PHYTOPHAGA. (Tribe) EUPODA. CHEILOXENA. C. insignis, sp. nov. Subelongata ; minus opaca ; fusca, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, elytrorum tuberculis nigris ; pilis brevibus albidis sat sparsim (his hic illic in elytris maculatim condensatis) vestita; prothorace sat transverso vix crebre punctulato, lateribus dentatis ; elytris sat crebre vix seria- tim tuberculatis; antennarum articulis 8°—10° brevibus submoniliformibus. Long., 4—43 1.; lat., 14—2 ]. Readily distinguishable from C’. Westwoodi, Baly, inter alia by the short submoniliform joints 8—10 of its antenne and the whitish hair-like scales of its surface which are condensed on the elytra to form rather conspicuous spots some of them considerably larger than any of the yellowish spots on the elytra otf Westewoodi ; also by the much more numerous and confusedly arranged tubercles of its elytra. Differs also from C. Prenche, Blackb., by the presence of lateral prothoracic teeth. Victoria and N.S. Wales ; on Eucalyptus. (Tribe) GALERUCIDEs. In M. Lacordaire’s classification this “tribe” forms the last section of the family Phytophaga. It is very numerously repre- sented in Australia but up to the present time comparatively few of its Australian species have been described and named, and 40 those which have been named have not been treated of systematically or collectively. The following is an attempt at a systematic treatment of the tribe. I have no doubt that errors will be found in my work, and I do not think it possible to issue such a work as I am attempting without running the risk of error, as many of the existing descriptions are of such a nature that the identification of the species they refer to is most difficult, and even the apportionment of the species to genera is in some cases almost a matter of guess-work. M. Lacordaire divides the tribe into the “ sub-tribes ” Halticides and G'aleruwcides according as the hind femora are or are not dilated giving the insects saltatorial faculties. (Sub-Tribe) HALTICIDES. Of this sub-tribe 78 species have been described and they are distributed among 19 genera. Two of these—//altica splendida, Oliv., and H. smaragdula, Oliv.—are not intelligibly characterised and it is not possible to refer them to any genus with confidence. In Mr. Masters’ Catalogue the former stands as a true Haltica (possibly correctly), the latter as an Arsipoda, but the description of the latter characterises the basal joint of its hind tarsi as “valde elongatus” which is inconsistent with a place in Arsipoda ; I can offer no suggestion as to what it really is. It is quite possible that some of my generic determinations may not stand —e.g., I think it probable that Arsipoda will be sub-divided eventually and I doubt the Austraiian Crepidodere remaining in permanent association with the European species of that genus. Under these circumstances it seems necessary to preface my work with a tabulated statement of generic characters which will enable the student to determine without hesitation to what genus I refer the inseets treated of in this memoir. I regret that I am unable to place the genus Platycepha in the tabulation ; unfortu- nately however its author has not stated whether its antenne are approximate at the base; if they are not approximate (but in that case surely the author, Dr. Baly, could not have overlooked the character) Platycepha must be extremely close to Amphimela ; if they are approximate the genus seems to be near Arsipoda structurally (judged by Dr. Baly’s diagnosis) but to differ inter alia by its hind tibize being strongly dentate. In the following pages I characterise three new genera and 56 new species of Halticides, besides recording as Australian four genera not previously attributed to Australia. A. Front coxal cavities closed. B. Apical joint of hind tarsi not eee te dilated. C. Claws bifid . ... Podontia. CC. Claws appendiculate. D. Antenne very widely separated at the base .... Amphimela. DD. Antenne not abnormally separated at the base. 41 E. Mesosternum distinct. F. Hind tibiz distinctly sulcate. G. Prothorax with an anterior sulcus on either side “GG. Prothorax without anterior sulci. H. Intermediate tibiz not dentate exter- nally. I. Basal joint of hind tarsi longer than the two following together “it II. Basal joint of hind tarsi shorter than the two following together... HH. Intermediate tibiz dentate exter- nall : FF. Hind tibie not or scarcely furrowed EE. Mesosternum concealed.. BB. Apical joint of hind tarsi strongly swollen AA. Front coxal cavities a behind. B. Claws simple ... & : BB. Claws appendiculate. C. Hind tibiz unarmed . CC. Hind tibiz mucronate. D. Apical joint of hind tarsi not abnormally dilated. E. Mucro of hind tibiz normal. F. Antenne 11-jointed. G. Mesosternum distinct. H. Prothorax devoid of sulci. I. Basal joint of hind tarsi not exces- sively elongated. J. Hind tibize rounded or truncate at apex. K. Species of large size (more than 21. KK. Very small species (about 1 1.) JJ. Apex of hind tibiz divided into two short lobes II. Basal joint of hind tarsi half as long as its tibia HH. Prothorax with a transverse sulcus only. i, Prothoracic sulcus bent hindward on either side to reach the base. J. Mucro of front tibize normal : JJ. Mucro of front tibice very small placed above the tarsus 4 II. Prothoracic sulcus entirely trans- verse Pf ak HHH. Prothorax with both transverse and longitudinal sulci. I. All the tibia mucronate ... II. Only the hind tibiz mucronate GG. Mesosternum concealed FF. Antenne with only 10 joints FFF. Antenne with only 9 joints ... EE. Mucro of hind tibiz bifid ee DD. Apical joint of hind tarsi bees swollen .... Nisotra. Xenidia Arsipoda Plectroscelis. Crepidodera. Sphzrophyma. Opisthopygme. Docema. Licyllus. Sutrea. Phyllotreta. Aphthona. Longitarsus.. Hyphaltica. Halticodes. Haltica. Xuthea. Lactica. Spheroderma. Psylliodes. Enneamera. Dibolia. (Edionychis. *I have attributed (with hesitation) to Arsipoda one species in which the basal sulci are interruptedly elongated nearly to the front margin. 42 AMPHIMELA. A. australis, Blackb. I have received from Mr. Masters an example taken near Sydney which I hesitate to separate from this species although it differs markedly in coloring, its prothorax being entirely of a clear yellow color and its antenne entirely pitchy-black. It is also of somewhat different form being a wider insect with its greatest width slightly behind the middle of the elytra; this difference of form may be sexual. Even as a variety it seems distinct enough to bear a name so I propose to call it “var. ? piceicornis.” XENIDIA. The following species seem to be referable to this genus which has not previously been reported as Australian. Unfortunately it is not possible to be quite certain in identifying Xenidia with- out an authentic type as its author (Dr. Baly) does not say whether its front coxze are closed behind. The following are the leading characters of the species described below: front cox closed behind: anterior four tibize unarmed (Dr. Baly gives no information regarding the front tibize) ; transverse sulcus of pro- thorax feeble or wanting; claws appendiculate ; hind tibiz very much as in Plectroscelis but with an even wider sulcus, and not furnished with a tooth externally ; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than the following two together. X. picticornis, sp. nov. Late ovalis; nitida; fortiter convexa ; subtus picea ; supra cupreo-purpurea, antennarum articulis 3° 4° 11° que plus minusve testaceis, pedibus plus minusve piceis vel rufo-piceis (femoribus posticis supra fere nigris purpureo-tinctis); capite levi; oculis magnis; antennis quam corpus paullo brevioribus, sat gracilibus, apicem versus paullo incrassatis [articulo 1° modico, 2° quam 1: dimidium longiori, 3° quam 1” sublongiori, 4° quam 3" maris haud (femine paullo) breviori, 5° 3° longitudine zquali]; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, transversim leviter sulcato (sulcg fortiter punctulato) et utrinque impresso, minus perspicue (sulco transverso excepto) punctulato, antice leviter angus- tato, lateribus sat fortiter marginatis leviter arcuatis paullo pone marginem anticum angulatis ; elytris leviter (marginem versus fortius) striatis, striis fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis planis (marginem versus convexis) subtiliter punctulatis ; tibiis posticis dilatatis fortiter sulcatis, sulci margine externo fortiter crenulato ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis «quali. Long., 141.; lat., 4 1. The coloring of this species,—especially the pallid (in some examples almost white) apical joint of its antennie,—distinguishes it from its previously described congeners. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebeie near Cairns. 43 X. bizonata, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis ; sat nitida; sat fortiter convexa; obscure cyanea, antennarum parte intermedia elytrorum parte dimidia anteriori mesosterno metasternoque rufo-fulvis ; capite fere ut przecedentis sed antennis paullo brevioribus, articulo 3° (?feminz solum) quam 4"* manifeste longiori; prothorace fere ut pracedentis sed sparsim sat fortiter punctulato; elytris (colore excepto) fere ut preece- dentis sed paullo magis elongatis; pedibus fere ut prece- dentis sed tibiarum posticarum sulci margine externo minus distincte crenulato. Long., 1} ].; lat., £1. An easily recognisable species on account of its color and markings. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele near Cairns. X. melancholica, sp. nov. Late ovalis ; nitida; fortiter convexa ; nigra vix cyanescens, antennarum articulis 2—6 plus minusve testaceis, capite fere ut X. picticornis sed antennis manifeste brevioribus, articulo 3° (?femine solum) quam 4"* manifeste longiori; prothorace utrinque ad basin vix impresso, transversim haud sulcato, cetera ut X. prcticornis : elytris subtiliter seriatim punctulatis, nullo modo striatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis; pedibus ut X. picticornis. ‘Long., 14 1.; lat., 55, 1. (vix). N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele near Cairns. ARSIPODA. There is great diversity of facies among the species that, according to Dr. Baly, ought to be attributed to this genus ; but amid this diversity there seems to be great structural uniformity. I refer below (under A. eneofulva) to the sexual characters. The males, it may also be noted, have (I think in all the species) a fovea near the apex of the fifth ventral segment from which a furrow (varying from a deep sulcus to a fine line) runs hindward towards the base of the seyment. In some few species the males have the hind femora strongly toothed. The following tabulated statement of characters includes those of the previously named species with the exception of A. bifrons, Er., which I am unable to place. I should have felt some hesitation in identifying A. chrysis, Oliv., had I not possessed an example ticketed as that species from the collection of Dr. Chapuis who probably had good reason for his identification. A. Elytra dark or metallic. B. Seriate puncturation of elytra well defined— at any rate near the base. C. Prothorax with a transverse impression. D. Elytra dark, prothorax (at any rate partly) red. E. Anterior femora testaceous or red. 44 F. Head not impressed with deep fovew. G, Punctures in elytral series closely placed GG. Punctures in elytral series much less closely placed ... FF. Head impressed with deep fover.. EE. Anterior femora black ... DD. Elytra and prothorax uniformly dark or (if scarcely so) with metallic gloss. E. Abdomen wholly dark, or at most apical segment partly reddish. F. Size moderate or large. G. Form more or less e/ongate-oval. H. Antenne (at most basal part excepted) piceous or black. J. Hind angles of prothorax not acutely dentiform. J. Elytra with a well-detined sub-basal transverse im- pression. K. Elytral interstices some- what strongly punctu- late KK. Elytral interstices scarcely visibly ris tulate JJ. Elytra evenly convex or nearly so II. Hind angles of “prothorax acutely ‘dentiform HH. Antenne entirely pallid GG. Form very short and broad FF. Size very small (long. 1 1.). G. All the femora dark GG. The anterior femora fulvous EE. Apical two or three segments of ab- domen red in both sexes CC. Prothorax devoid of transverse itm- pression. D. Elytra dark, prothorax red. E. Abdomen black EE. Abdomen entirely rufous . DD. Elytra and_ prothorax uniformly of dark color. K. Form more or less elongate-oval. F. Seriate punctures of elytra well de- fined at least in front half. G. Femora at least as dark as the tibive. H. Prothorax at most moderately narrowed anteriorly. I. Apical portion of antenne very strongly incrassate. J. Abdomen unicolorous t JJ. Apical portion of abdomen rufo-testaceous II. Apical portion of antenne but little incrassate + lwviceps, Blackb. languida, Blackb. Evichsoni, Baly. bicolor, Waterh. chrysis, Oliv. jocosa, Blackb. concolor, Blackb. ceruleata, Baly. eneo-fulva, Blackb. Lownei, Baly. consanguinea, Blackb. parvula, Jac. Macleayi, Baly. Julvicollis, Baly. spectabilis, Blackb. piceipes, Baly. crassicornis, Waterh. consuta, Germ. 45 HH. Prothorax twice as wide at base as at apex ... GG. Femora rufous, tibiz blackish.. FF. Seriate punctures of elytra obso- lete except close to the base EE. Form short and broad. F. Elytra distinctly striate, legs fulvous FF. Elytra not striate. G. Legs fulvous GG. Femora black BB. Elytra without seriate puncturation (at least in front part of disc). -C. Prothorax without a transverse sulcus. D. Prothorax and elytra concolorous or nearly so. E. Form e/ongate-oval (general color black) F. Elytra entirely black * FF. Elytra reddish in apical half EE. Form short and broad (color green)... D. Elytra dark, prothorax red. E. Elytra rugulose EE. Elytra not rugulose : CC. Prothorax with a transverse sulcus AA. Elytra non-metallic, more or less testaceous. B. Size large (24 1. or more) 4 BB. Size moderate or small (less than 2 1. ). C. Form e/ongate-oval. D. Elytra with strongly defined seriate puncturation. K. Punctures in the elytral rows closely placed .. EE. Punctures in the ely tral rows very distantly placed DD. Elytra with scarcely traceable seriate puncturation. E. Antenne (except at base) dark piceous. F. Prothorax closely punctulate FF. Prothorax sparsely punctulate EE. Antenne testaceous CC. Form broadly oval or subquadrate. D. Seriate puncturation of elytra well defined. kK. Prothorax narrowed in front. F. Elytral sculpture continuous almost to the apex. G. Lateral margins of prothorax nar- rowed towards base. H. Longitudinal furrow on each side of prothorax normal HH. Longitudinal furrow on each side of prothorax excessively wide... GG. Lateral margins of prothorax not narrowed towards base FF. Elytral sculpture obsolete in apical one-third EE. Prothorax fully as wide across front as across base ... DD. Seriate puncturation of elytra obsolete striatipennis, Blackb. | femorata, Baly. detersa, Blackb. Sulvipes, Baly. deceptriz, Blackb. pallidicornis, Blackb. holomelena, Germ. terminalis, Blackb. nitida, Waterh. rugulosa, Baly. hematodera, Baly. paradoxa, Blackb. podontioides, Blackb. cenescens, Blackb. fossipennis, Blackb. jugularis, Blackb. hepatica, Blackb. acuminata, Waterh. variegata, Waterh. collaris, Blackb. picturata, Blackb. variabilis, Blackb. laticollis, Blackb. ovata, Waterh. 46 A. leviceps, sp. nov. Mas. Ovalis; nitida; nigra, capite pro- thorace antennarum basi abdominis apice pedibusque rufis ; capite levi, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, sat robustis, articulo 1° incras- sato minus elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1"* vix breviori, 4° 3° sat equali; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, subcrebre minus fortiter punctulato, transversim et utrinque longi- tudinaliter profunde sulcato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis incrassatis oblique truncatis; elytris leviter striatis (striis discoidalibus antice obsoletis), striis sat grosse sat crebre punctulatis, interstitiis punctulatis (postice et latera versus leviter convexis ; femoribus posticis inermibus,. Femine pedibus posticis nigris, abdomine concolori. Long., 14—2 1; lat., 3 1 Near A. Lrichsoni, Baly, but differing inter alia in its red head, which is devoid of fovez above the eyes. Victoria and N.S. Wales ; in mountainous places. A. languida, sp. nov. Mas. Elongato-ovalis; nitida ; subtus nigra, abdomine postice capiteque rufis; supra (antennis pedibusque inclusis, illis apicem versus piceo-tinctis) rufa, capite postice infuscato, elytris sneo-viridibus, nonnihil auratis; capite minus distincte punctulato, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, minus robustis, articulis fere ut A. levicipitis sed 1° paullo longiori minus incrassato; prothorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, crebre subtilius punctulato, tranversim et utrinque longitudinaliter minus fortiter sulcato, antice angustato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis incrassatis oblique late truncatis; ejytris vix striatis, seriatim minus fortiter minus crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis punc- tulatis. Femine antennis paullo brevioribus, pedibus posticis infuscatis, prothorace medio infuscato. Long., 1} 1.; lat., 55 1. Nearest to A. bicolor, Waterh. (probably) which is very insuf- ficiently described, but as the femora of that species are said to be black I presume that this insect is not identical with it. Victoria. A. concolor, sp. nov. Mas. Ovalis, subelongata ; nitida ; obscure viridis, antennarum basi pedibusque vix picescentibus ; capite inter oculos manifeste punctulato et transversim sulcato ; antennis robustis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 1° modico sat incrassato, 2° sat brevi, 3° quam 1% subbreviori quam 4"° vix longiori; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori sat quadrato, minus convexo, antice parum angustato, sat crebre sat distincte punctulato, transversim 47 (leviter) et utrinque longitudinaliter (sat profunde) sulcato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis subtuberculiformibus ; elytris zequalibus, vix striatis, seriatim concinne nec fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis planis minus subtiliter punctulatis. Femina latet. Long., 21 1.; lat., 1 1. A very distinct species, nearest perhaps to chrysis, Oliv., but differing inter alia in color, in its less convex and more quadrate prothorax and its evenly convex elytra. Victoria. A. jocosa, sp. nov. Mas. Ovalis, fere subparallela ; nitida ; nigra, capite prothoraceque lete viridibus, elytris cupreo- violaceis, antennarum articulis basalibus 4 (basali supra excepto) et tibiarum basi summa rufis ; capite obsolete vix subtiliter punctulato, inter oculos minus distincte sulcato, a sulco antrorsum usque ad clypei apicem (longitudinaliter) preter modum anguste carinato ; antennis ut A. concoloris ; prothorace fere ut A. concoloris sed paullo magis obsolete punctulato, antice magis angustato ; elytris paullo pone basin late leviter sat distincte transversim impressis, v1x striatis, seriatim sat subtiliter nec crebre punctulatis, puncturis in parte antica discoidali multo magis sparsim dispositis, inter- stitiis planis pernitidis fere levibus vel potius subtilissime punctulatis. Femina latet. Long., 22 1.; lat., 14 1 An extremely nitid and brilliantly colored species, remarkable for the narrowness and strong elevation of the convexity running forward between the antennz from the transverse sulcus on the head. Australia ; I am not quite sure of the exact habitat, but it is almost certainly in Victoria. A. eneofulva, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; nitida ; obscure fulva, zneo-micans, antennis pedibusque sordide testaceis ; capite crebre subtilius punctulato, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo brevioribus apicem versus paullo incrassatis, articulo 1° modico, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 1"* sat breviori quam 4° paullo longiori; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, sat equaliter cum capite punctulato, antice vix angustato, lateribus parum arcuatis, angulis anticis fortiter incrassatis oblique truncatis; elytris vix striatis, seriatim concinne sat subtiliter punctulatis, inter- stitiis planis subtiliter punctulatis. Long., 14 1.; lat., 41. The color seems to be distinctive, —piceous (a little more pallid towards the apex) with a strongly marked bronzy gloss. This species somewhat resembles the preceding in sculpture but has the transverse sulcus of its prothorax much feebler. It is also a 48 considerably more elongate insect with shorter antenne, different color, &c. The female does not differ from the male except in its slightly shorter antenne, less dilated basal joint of tarsi, and differently formed apical segment of abdoinen. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. A. consanguinea, sp. nov. Sat elongata, postice sat angustata ; nitida ; supra viridis vel cyanea; subtus picea, antennis testaceis apicem versus vix vel manifeste infuscatis, femori- bus rufo-piceis, tibiis tarsisque dilutioribus ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, articulis basalibus 2 incrassatis (hoe quam 3" haud longiori); capite cum pro- thorace subfortiter vix crebre punctulato, illo haud trans- versim carinato ; prothorace sat transverso, antice angustato, ad basin utrinque longitudinaliter breviter sulcato, sulcis longitudinalibus sulco transverso conjunctis; elytris punc- tulato-striatis, puncturis in striis sat magnis, interstitiis apicem lateraque versus costitormibus. Long., 11.; lat., $1. (vix). This species must be very near A. parvula, Jac., but differs from the description of that species in many respects; the legs are differently colored ; there is no trace of any transverse ridge on its forehead: the interstices of the elytral striz are not “‘costate ‘throughout ” but distinctly so only near the lateral margins and the apex. I have seen numerous examples of this insect, which do not vary iter se except in the upper surface of some of them being cyaneous rather than green and the antennze being more or less infuscate near the apex. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele and Mr. Cowley. A. spectabilis, sp. nov. Fem. Ovalis, minus elongata ; nitida ; rufa, elytris obscure violaceis, antennis apicem versus et femorum posticorum apice, piceo-nigris; capite minus dis- tincte (inter oculos subfortiter sparsim) punctulato, inter oculos sulcato, juxta oculorum (his subapproximatis) partem postico-internam utrinque profunde excavato; antennis vix robustis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, articulo 1° in- crassato minus elongato, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 1" vix breviori quam 4" sat longiori; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, subtilius minus crebre punctulato, antice sat angustato utrinque longitudinaliter sulcato, lateri- bus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis fortiter incrassatis oblique truncatis; elytris vix striatis, striis subtilius sat crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis sparsim subtiliter punctulatis. Long., 24 1. ; lat., 141. Mas. latet. A notable species on account of the very wide and deep sulci 49 on the head at the postero-internal corner of the eyes (which in most Arsipode are much slighter impressions) and the compara-* tively narrow interval between the eyes. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. A. detersa, sp. nov. Mas, Ovalis; minus elongata; nitida ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque nigra; supra obscure eyanescens vel violacea ; capite inter oculos leviter sulcato, dupliciter (subtiliter et sat fortiter) nec crebre punctulato ; antennis robustis quam corporis dimidium parum longioribus, apicem versus incrassatis ; articulo 1° modico, 2° sat brevi, 3° quam 1" paullo breviori quam 4" vix longiori; pro- thorace quam longiori paullo plus quam duplo latiori, antice multo angustato, concinne subcrebre subtilius punctulato, utrinque longitudinaliter sulcato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis incrassatis antrorsum manifeste acutis ; elytris vix striatis, seriatim punctulatis, seriebus mox pone basin obsoletis (externis fere ad medium continuis), inter- stitiis planis sat crebre minus subtiliter punctulatis. Long., 2124 ].; lat., 1,—14 1. Femina differt ut A. eneofulve. Var. ? colore zneo, statura minore. Easily distinguishable by the sculpture of its elytra; well defined rows of punctures commence on the base but do not run further back than about one-fourth or one-third the length of the elytra where their punctures diminish to about the same size as those of the interstices. The var. ? is from N.S. Wales. Victoria ; Alpine region. A. striatipennis, sp. nov. Fem. Ovalis vel fere obovata ; fortiter convexa ; minus nitida; fusco-picea, sat manifeste zneo- micans, antennis pedibusque dilutioribus ; capite subfortiter sat crebre punctulato, inter oculos fortiter sulcato ; antennis modice robustis quam corporis dimidium manifeste brevioribus, articulo 1° sat elongato, 2° sat brevi, 3° quam 1" sat breviori quam 4% vix longiori; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, antice fortiter angustato sat crebre subfortiter punctulato, utrinque longitudinaliter suleato, lateribus leviter arcuatis angulis anticis incrassatis oblique subtruncatis; elytris manifeste striatis, striis sat fortiter minus crebre punctulatis, interstitiis leviter convexis subtiliter punctulatis. Long., 24 1.; lat., 14 1. Mas. latet. A rather broad species, but much narrowed behind; it is notable by the seriate punctures of its elytra being placed in distinct striz, the intervals between which are distinctly though only gently convex ; the metallic gloss on the elytra is not D D0 very marked so that it hovers a little doubtfully between the two * groups (metallic and non-metallic species) into which I have divided the Arsipode in my tabulation. S. Australia; Murray R. district. A. deceptrix, sp. nov. Mas. Breviter ovalis; nitida; nigra, antennarum articulis basalibus 5 vel 6 pedibus abdomineque fulvis ; capite subleevi, inter oculos sulcato, oculis inter se minus distantibus ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 1° modico minus crasso, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 1" vix breviori quam 4" paullo longiori ; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, sparsim minus subtiliter punctulato, antice leviter angustato, utrinque longitudinaliter sulcato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis incrassatis oblique truncatis; elytris haud striatis, seriatim subtiliter (in parte discoidali quam prothorax nullo modo magis fortiter) punctulatis, interstitiis planis sparsim subtiliter (quam series magis subtiliter) punctulatis. Long, 1, Vs Mat.) Pl. (ix). Femina differt ut A. eneofulve. This species must be very close to A. fulvipes, Baly (from N. Queensland), but can hardly be identical with it on account of its smaller size, and especially its non-striate elytra. (Dr. Baly says that the elytra of A. fulvipes are “distinctly punctate- striate.”) The humeral calli being prominent cause the appear- ance of a furrow immediately within them, and these pseudo- furrows being opposite the longitudinal sulci of the prothorax it appears from a certain point of view as though the latter were continued on the elytra. A good ideaof the sculpture of the elytra may be given by comparing it to that of the European Apteropeda graminis, Hoftm., which is similar in kind. In the present species, however, the seriate punctures are much coarser close to the base than on the rest of the surface, the largest punctures being larger than any on A. graminis, and the generality of punctures being decidedly finer than the seriate punctures of that species ; the punctures of the interstices are a little finer than in A. graminis, so that (except close to the base) there is less difference between the seriate and interstitial punctures, from which it results that (except close to the base) the rows of punctures are considerably less conspicuous. N.S. Wales; taken by Mr. Froggatt near Maitland. A. pallidicornis, sp. nov. Fem. Late ovalis; nitida; nigra, antennis totis tibiis anterioribus 4 et tarsis omnibus pallide testaceis, abdomine rufo; capite ut A. deceptricis ; antennis gracilibus, quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, articulis 1—4 ut A. deceptricis ; prothorace fere ut A. deceptricis sed 51 antice magis angustato angulis anticis antrorsum sat acutis, sulcis longitudinalibus obsoletis ; elytris fere ut A. deceptricis sed serierum puncturis basin versus quam alias haud majoribus, interstitiorum puncturis (quam dA. deceptricis) majoribus sicut series subobsoletz apparent. Mas latet. Long., 23 1.; lat., 131. A fine large species resembling A. Jd/acleayi, Baly, in form ; easily recognisable by the pale (almost whitish) testaceous color of its antenne tarsi and anterior 4 tibie. Structurally it is very close to the preceding except in the slenderness of its antenne. Tropical Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele. A. terminalis, sp. nov. Fem. Elongato-ovalis, postice acuminata ; nitida ; nigra, antennarum articulis 2°—4° pedibus (femorum posticorum apice nigro, tibiis paullo infuscatis) elytrorum dimidia parte apicali et abdominis apice rufo-testaceis ; capite tenuiter ruguloso, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, sat robustis, articulis 5°—10° subserratis, articulo 1° sat brevi, 2°—4° inter se longitudine sat equalibus quam 1“ parum brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, dupliciter (subtilissime crebre et magis fortiter minus crebre) punctulatis, antice sat angus- tato, utrinque longitudinaliter breviter impresso, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis antrorsum acutis; elytris confuse minus distincte punctulatis, pernitidis; tibiis pos- ticis ante apicem leviter flexuosis. Long., 22 ].; lat., 14.1. Mas latet. Very like A. holomelena, Germ., from which it differs (apart from coloring) in its narrower and more elongate build, and in the hind tibize of the female being distinctly flexuous before the apex. 3 N,W. Australia. A, paradoxa, sp. nov. Mas. Breviter ovalis; sat nitida; nigra vix znescens, antennis pedibusque (femoribus plus minusve infuseatis exceptis) rufis; capite postice sat levi antice tenuiter ruguloso, inter oculos suleato; antennis robustis, quam corporis dimidium longioribus, articulo 1° modico, 2° minus brevi, 3° 2° longitudine sat equali quam 4" sat longiori; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, leviter sparsius punctulato, profunde transversim et utrinque longi- tudinaliter sulcato, antice parum angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis incrassatis oblique truncatis ; elytris confuse confertim subrugulose punctulatis; feraoribus posticis subtus dente magno armatis ; tibiis posticis fortiter arcuatis. Long., 14 1.; lat., 31. Feminz femoribus posticis muticis ; tiblis posticis rectis. 52 This is a very abnormal species which ought perhaps to be separated from Arsipoda. It differs from all its allies in the fourth joint of its antenne being shorter than the second. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. A. podontioides, sp. nov. Fem. Ovalis; nitida; testacea, elytro- rum interstitiis (maculatim fere ut Podontie nigrovaria, Macl.) striis epipleuris que femorum posticorum apice et tarsis subtus infuscatis; capite vix distincte punctulato, inter oculos interrupte sulcato ; antennis corporis dimidio longitudine sat sequali, articulo 1° sat elongata, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1“ sat breviori quam 4™ vix breviori; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, antice vix angustato, subtiliter (ad latera acervatim sat grosse) punctulato, trans- versim et utrinque longitudinaliter fortiter sulcato, sulcis longitudinalibus antrorsum fere ad marginem anticum indis- tincte interrupte continuis, lateribus sat arcuatis, angulis anticis antrorsum acutis; elytris striatis, striis confertim subfortiter punctulatis, interstitiis leviter convexis vix mani- feste punctulatis. Long., 25 1.; lat., 12 1. Mas latet. An abnormal species in appearance owing to the infuscate markings of its elytra which are much like those of Podontia nigrovaria, Macl.; indeed the insect has much resemblance to a very small Podontia but its appendiculate claws at once separate it from that genus. Its prothoracic sculpture is different from any of the varied types I have seen in other species of Arsipoda, but I do not find any marked structural character absolutely re- quiring a new generic name. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. A. enescens, sp. nov. Mas. Elongato-ovalis ; nitida; testacea vix genescens, capite prothoraceque rufescentibus ; capite -distincte sat crebre punctulato, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis ‘modicis apicem versus incrassatis, articulo 1° sat elongato, 2° brevi, 3° minus elongato quam 4" paullo breviori ; pro- thorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, concinne sat crebre punctulato, transversim et utrinque longitudinali- ter sulcato, antice leviter angustato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis extrorsum acutis; elytris haud _striatis, seriatim sat crebre minus fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis planis crebre distincte punctulatis. Fem. latet. Long., 14 1.; lat., 41. This species was sent to me by M. Sevrin from the Chapuis collection ticketed “ A7sipoda enescens, type.” IT cannot find that any description of it has been published ; but, to provide against my being mistaken on this point, I have used the name e@nescens, although the zxneous tone of coloring is so slight that I cannot regard the name as very appropriate. W. Australia; Albany. A. fossipennis, sp. nov. Fem. Elongato-ovalis; nitida ; testacea; capite sparsim sat distincte punctulato, inter oculos sulcato; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longi- oribus, articulo 1° minus elongato, 2° breviori, 3° quam 1"* vix breviori 4° longitudine eequali; prothorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, sat crebre minus subtiliter punc- tulato, antice paullo angustato, utrinque longitudinaliter fortiter et transversim subobsolete sulcato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis incrassatis oblique truncatis extror- sum acutis ; elytris haud striatis, seriatim sparsim subgrosse punctulatis, interstitiis planis subtiliter minus crebre punc- tulatis. Long., 121; lat., 21. This little species is notable for its uniform testaceous color and the coarse distantly placed punctures of its elytral series. I have a male example too much broken for description, but it does not seem to differ from the female except by the sexual characters common to the genus. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Meyrick. A. jugularis, sp. nov. Mas. LElongato-ovalis ; nitida; testacea, capite postice subtus nigro, sternis et abdominis dimidio basali plus minusve infuscatis; antennis apicem versus nigricantibus, pedibus et abdominis apice rufescentibus ; eapite crebre subtiliter punctulato, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, robustis, apicem versus manifeste incrassatis, articulo 1° modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° 4° que inter se sat zqualibus quam 1" sat brevioribus ; prothorace quam. lougiori minus quam duplo latiori, crebre subtiliter punctulato, antice sat angustato, transversim et utrinque longitudinaliter leviter impresso, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis vix incrassatis ob- tusis ; elytris haud (postice vix manifeste) striatis, seriatim subtiliter crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis crebre quam series parum magis subtiliter punctulatis (sicut series indis- tinctee apparent); femoribus posticis dente parvo acuto armatis ; tibiis posticis arcuatis. Fem. latet. Long., 14 1.; lat., £1. The black middle of the hind portion of the head on the under- side, the elytral series of punctures rendered inconspicuous by the comparatively strong puncturation of the interstices and the dentate hind femora of the male are notable characters of this species. W. Australia; taken by Mr. Meyrick. 54 A. hepatica, sp. nov. Fem. Elongato-ovalis ; nitida ; livida, antennis apicem versus nigricantibus ; capite fere levi, inter oculos sulcato ; antennis fere ut przcedentis sed articulo 2° quam 3"° vix breviori; prothorace fere ut precedentis sed antice minus angustato, sparsim minus subtiliter punctulato, lateribus minus arcuatis, angulis anticis magis incrassatis oblique subtruncatis ; elytris haud striatis seriatim minus crebre minus subtiliter (suturam versus vix seriatim), inter- stitiis planis sparsim inequaliter punctulatis (sicut series indistinctz apparent). Mas. latet. Long., 12 1.; lat., 7 1. (vix). The uniform nitid livid coloring of this species seems to be a marked character. The elytral puncturation is on the same plan as that of the preceding (A. jugularis), but the seriate punctures are less fine and much less closely placed, and the puncturation of the interstices is very uneven, being near the base and suture so strong as almost entirely to confuse the series and in other parts becoming finer so as to leave the series tolerably distinct. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. A. variegata, Waterh. An example in my collection from Tasmania (the locality of the type) agrees so well with Mr. Waterhouse’s brief description of this species that there seems hardly any room for doubt about the correctness of its identifica- tion. Its small size, short robust form and variegated non- metallic elytra give it a facies so entirely different from (say) A. chrysis that one would not expect to find those two associated generically. Their structural characters however are very similar, and if Dr. Baly’s view of Arsipoda be accepted,-—that it is a genus in which several characters that in many genera are stable are subject to variation,—there seems to be no reason for exclud- ing this species from Arsipoda. The following four species are all extremely closely allied to the insect referred to above, and with it form a very distinct group in the genus. I have speci- mens from the mountainous districts of Victoria and N.S. Wales which seem to me to be A. variegata. A. collaris. sp. nov. Mas. Brevissiine ovalis; nitida; rufescens, elytris (marginibus lateralibus exceptis) dilutioribus, abdomine obscuro, antennis apicem summum versus pice- scentibus ; capite coriaceo, inter oculos fovea sat magna impresso ; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, articulo 1° minus elongato, 2° brevi, 3° 4° que inter se sat eequalibus quam 1" vix brevioribus; prothorace quam longiori fere triplo latiori, antice distincte angustato, indis- tincte vix crebre punctulato, transversim et utrinque longi- tudinaliter profunde sulcato, sulcis longitudinalibus latissimis BD fere transversis, lateribus subrectis; angulis anticis subin- crassatis late oblique truncatis ; elytris vix striatis, seriatim sat fortiter vix crebre punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis sub- tiliter punctulatis. Femina differt ut A. eneofulve. Long., 1 1.; lat., 2 1. A species of shorter wider form than any of its immediate allies known to me ; it is notable also for the great width of the excavation on either side the base of the prothorax and repre- senting the longitudinal sulcus, which however is not strictly speaking longitudinal being a trifle wider than long. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. A. picturata, sp. nov. Mas. Breviter ovalis; sat nitida ; -rufescens, supra dilutior, capite prothorace elytrisque con- cinne fusco- vel piceo-notatis, antennis ultra medium infus- eatis; capite confertim subtilissime ruguloso, inter oculos transversim vix sulcato, macula* elongata fusca ornato ; antennis fere ut A. collaris sed articulo 1° magis elongato, 2° minus brevi; prothorace utrinque macula magna fusca discoidali ornato, quam longiori fere triplo latiori, antice leviter angustato, confertim subtilius subrugulose punctulato, transversim et utrinque longitudinaliter sulcato, sulcis longitudinalibus normalibus, lateribus minus arcuatis, eequaliter preter solitum late marginato, angulis anticis late subtruncatis ; elytris maculis nonnullis piceis bene deter- minatis (sc. macula basali litteram C simulanti et macula post mediana transversa contorta) et maculis fuscis com- munibus nonnullis in sutura dispositis ornatis, fere ut A. collaris sculpturatis sed puncturis seriatis magis crebris interstitiis magis crebre magis distincte punctulatis. Long., Baas fab, el Readily recognisable by the sharply defined markings of its upper surface and the prothoracic lateral margins distinctly wider than is usual in the genus, and of even width throughout their length. S. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. A. variabilis, sp. nov. Mas. Breviter ovalis; sat nitida; colore varibilis, subtus obscura, supra rufa plus minusve infuscata vel picescens, elytris vel rufis piceo-umbratis vel fere totis piceis vel nigris, pedibus antennisque rufis (his apicem versus et illorum femoribus plus minusve infuscatis) ; capite coriaceo inter oculos vix distincte sulcato; prothorace fere ut A, collaris sed minus subtiliter punctulato, sulcis longi- tudinalibus multo minus latis ; elytris haud striatis, seriatim minus fortiter minus crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis quam A. collaris multo minus subtiliter punctulatis, sculptura in parte postica tertia subobsoleta. lLong., 1,%,1; lat., {5 1. Femina differt ut A. eneofulve. 56 I have seen numerous examples of this species and scarcely two of them are quite similar to each other in color and markings of the elytra. The elytra of a light colored example are pale red with an ill defined dark common patch around the scutellum and another about the middle. Ina series of examples these dark patches more or less increase in size and vary into black until in extreme specimens they coalesce and spread out to cover the whole elytra. ‘The great enfeeblement of the sculpture on the apical third of the elytra is a conspicuous character. Victoria ; mountainous districts. A. laticollis, sp. nov. Mas. Sat breviter ovalis; sat nitida ; rufo-testacea, elytris (maculatim) et antennis (apicem sum- mum versus plus minusve) infuscatis ; capite coriaceo, inter oculos sulcato; antennis corporis dimidio longitudine vix zqualibus, articulis fere ut A. collaris ; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, antice haud angustato, sat crebre sat fortiter punctulato, transversim et utrinque longi- tudinaliter profunde sulcato, sulcis longitudinalibus normali- bus, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis subtruncatis paullo pone marginem anticum extrorsum distincte acutis ; elytris ut A. collaris sculpturatis ; tibiis posticis extus ante apicem late distincte angulatis. Long., 1—13 1; lat., poten: Femine tibiis posticis haud angulatis. _ Near A. collaris but differing inter alia in color and markings, in the prothorax not narrowed in front and with longitudinal sulci less wide and in the evident external angulation of the male hind tibie. The infuscate blotches on the elytra are ill-defined and variable ; they usually consist of an elongate discoidal blotch near the base and a larger one somewhat behind the middle. S. Australia ; near Quorn. PLECTROSCELIS. The task of dealing with the Australian species of this genus presents exteme difhculty owing to the fact that a number of species (12) have been described by Dr. Baly in such fashion that it is impossible to identify them with any confidence from the descriptions ; for though the descriptions are fairly detailed, scarcely any are more than bare descriptions, and the absence of comparison with other species causes the utmost difficulty in forming any clear idea of the insects they relate to. I have asso- ciated many of Dr. Baly’s names with insects in my collection, but with so much doubt that I cannot venture on making confi- dent use of my identifications for the purposes of this memoir. Hence I am obliged also to pass unnoticed some species in my D7 collection which are probably undescribed but may be among Dr. Baly’s, and to limit myself to describing new species that seem very decidedly different from those already characterised. As Dr. Baly’sspecies are scattered through 3 separate memoirs without any connected classification it will be convenient for me to include in this memoir some brief notes on their probable relation to the species I describe below. IJ annex a tabular statement of the characters of the new species I now describe, and have been able to work into that statement by studying Dr. Baly’s descriptions the characters of four of his species with tolerable confidence ; of the remaining eight I have discussed P. Wilsoni below (under ' P. propingua) and P. fuscomaculata (under P. tumbyensis ). There still remain six on which I make the following notes :— P. australica is probably near P. propinqua calida and longior, but cannot be placed in my tabulation as the information is wanting whether its elytral interstices are costiform towards the apex. It seems to differ inter alia from propinqua by its pro- thorax having no basal impressions, from calida by its prothorax being rugulose laterally, and from /ongior by there being a row of large punctures on its elytra between the suture and the abbreviated stria. P. carinata I cannot place among my species, but it seems to be a very distinct species by the presence of a longitudinal linear carina on its clypeus. P. Hrichsona must be near varipes, differing inter alia by its elytral interstices subcos- tate near the apex. Concerning P. laticeps I cannot form any clear idea. P. megalopoides is probably near calida, differing inter alia by the front angles of its prothorax acutely directed outward. LP. submetallescens is no doubt near longior, but differs by its elytral stria. being “ sulcate,” whereas in longior the stria are quite lightly impressed. It should be noted that, as far as my observations go, there are sexual differences in some at least of the Australian species of this genus in the antenne being longer and the head and pro- thorax a little less closely and strongly punctured in the males than the females, so that slight differences in these characters cannot be relied on as specific. A. Species not exceptionally parallel in form. B. Interval between the eyes much greater than the width of an eye. C. Prothorax strongly punctured. D. Metallic species. EK. The abbreviated subsutural stria of the elytra quite traceable. F. Front femora (at least partly) con- colorous with their tibie. G. Elytral interstices wide and but little convex behind. H., Prothorax considerably less than twice as wide as long. 58 I. Size moderate — more than LL Jong;,, ee II. Size very small, scarcely 1 1. long... HH. Prothorax very fully twice as wide as long GG. Elytral interstices narrow and costiform behind FF. Front femora black (or nearly so) in strong contrast with their tibiz. G. Puncturation of prothorax very strong GG. Puncturation of prothorax much less strong (almost fine) EE. Subsutural stria or row of punctures quite lost in confused punctura- tion. F. Puncturation of prothorax very strong and close he FT’. Puncturation of prothorax much less strong and close .. : DD. Fulvous, non-metallic species. EK. Puncturation of head close, continuous with that of prothorax EE. Puncturation of head sparse, much less close than that of prothorax CC. Prothorax extremely finely punctured. D. Prothorax without longitudinal basal grooves. KE. Punctures in the elytral strize coarse. F. Antenne reaching considerably beyond base of prothorax FF. Antenne not reaching beyond base of prothorax _ .. EE. Punctures in the elytral strive fine.. DD. Prothorax with a tone basal groove on either side BB. Interval between the eyes equal or nearly so to the width of an eye. C. Elytral interstices costiform and narrow near apex ... CC. Elytral interstices convex behind AA. Form elongate, parallel. B. Head subopaque, and with large feebly im- pressed punctures. C. Punctures of elytral striz coarse (much larger than those of the prothorax) CC. Punctures of elytral striz much finer (about equal to those of the prothorax) BB. Head closely and evenly punctured. C. Discal interstices of elytra quite flat CC. Discal interstices of elytra more or less convex. D. Interstices of elytra not granulose DD. Interstices of elytra granulose at most ‘not (or scarcely) calida, Blackb. noxia, Blackb. propingua, Baly. longior, Blackb. varipes, Blackb. minutalis, Blackb. crebra, Blackb. Olliffi, Blackb. tumbyensis, Blackb. hypocrita, Blackb. aciculata, Blackb. Albertisi, Jacoby. brevicornis, Baly. laticollis, Baly. impressipennis, Blackb. eyrensis, Blackb. crassipennis, Blackb. quadraticollis, Blackb. pallidior, Blackb. Meyricki, Blackb. Waterhousei, Baly. 59 P. calida, sp. nov. Ovalis; convexa; nitida; nea, viridi-vel auro-micans, antennis rufis apicem versus infuscatis, pedibus rufis (femoribus posticis aneis); capite sat lato, subfortiter plus minusve crebre punctulato, oculis inter se distantibus, sulcis interocularibus sat distinctis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium (maris sat manifeste, feminz vix) longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2" 3° que conjuncti (hoc quam ille manifeste longiori) sat breviori; prothorace quam longiori manifeste minus quam duplo latiori, maris minus fortiter minus crebre (femine sat fortiter sat crebre) punctulato, antice sat angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis antrorsum acutis ; elytris striatis, striis sat fortiter minus crebre punctulatis, interstitiis haud punctulatis leviter convexis postice haud costiformibus. Long., 11—-12 l.; lat., 2—,5 1. Of this species, of which I have numerous examples apparently taken in company, some specimens are a little smaller than the majority with longer antennz and their head and _prothorax less closely and strongly punctured; I take them to be the males. The subsutural abbreviated stria is punctured a little confusedly but is quite well defined. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr, Koebele. P. longior, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat convexa; sat nitida zenea, antennis rufo-testaceis plus minusve piceo - tinctis, pedibus rufo-testaceis femoribus plus minusve infuscatis exceptis ; capite lato, sat fortiter minus crebre punctulato, oculis inter se valde distantibus, sulcis interocularibus distinctis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2" 3"° que conjuncti (his inter se longitudine sat zqualibus) vix breviori ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, fortiter crebre punctulato, antice vix angustato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis extrorsum manifeste acutis ; elytris leviter striatis, striis sat fortiter sat crebre punctulatis, interstitiis subtiliter punctulatis convexis postice angustis subcariniformibus. Long., 11 1.; lat., 31. Each joint of the antenne after about the 3rd is more or less stained with piceous ; the front part of the femora is more or less widely infuscate (in some examples only very narrowly). S. Australia; near Port Lincoln. P. noxia, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat elongata ; sat convexa; subnitida; obscure eneo- viridis, nonnullorum exemplorum pedibus anterioribus et tibiis tarsisque posticis plus minusve dilutioribus, antennarum- basi testacea; capite sat lato,. coriaceo et puncturis nonnullis distinctis im- 60 presso, inter oculos (his inter se distantibus) trans- versim impresso, inter antennas _ longitudinaliter convexo; antennis corporis dimidio longitudine sat eequalibus, articulo 1° sat elongato, 2° paullo breviori, 3° quam 2™* subbreviori ; prothorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, confertim subtiliter punctulato, antice angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis extrorsum nullo modo directis ; elytris vix striatis, striis vix crebre minus fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis_ subtiliter punctulatis ; tibiis posticis apice valde mucronatis. Long., 1/1. -(vix) 5 lat., 2 1. This species must resemble P. submetallescens, Baly, in size and color but it differs from the description of that insect by the front angles of its prothorax being not in the least directed out- ward and the interstices of its elytra not being costate at the sides and apex. It is said to be destructive to vegetation. N.S. Wales ; near Wentworth ; taken by Miss Cudmore. P. propinqua, Baly. A species occurring somewhat plentifully near Adelaide is, I have little doubt, this insect. I expect that P. Wilsons, Baly, is a mere variety. Unfortunately Dr. Baly has made no comparison between the two species and has used so nearly the same words in describing them that after a careful examination of the two descriptions the only clearly specified dif- ferences I can discover consist in Welsona being a trifle smaller than propinqua, having somewhat darker femora, the unpunct- ured part of the head less rugulose and the lateral punctures one or two less in number. It alse seems to be implied that the small basal impressions on the prothorax of propinqgua are want- ing in Wilsont and nothing is said about its front prothoracic angles being produced externally. I have examples (which I cannot separate specifically from those that agree perfectly with the description of propinqua) in which some of these trifling differences are apparent. 2. propinqua appears to me to be a variable insect widely distributed in Southern Australia dis- tinguishable from its congeners most readily by the sculpture of its head ; the middle part is finely strigose or finely rugulose and almost impunctate, but there are a few large coarse punctures on each side near the hindmargin of the eyes. In typical specimens of propinqua the front part of the middle space on the head is very distinctly rugulose and the basal impressions of the pro- thorax are quite distinctly traceable ; while the legs are entirely of a dull fulvous color, except the hind femora. I have this form only from the Adelaide district. From Yorke’s Peninsula I have two examples which may be Wilsoni although their legs are not as darkly colored as those of the type of Wilsont seem to have been. I have a number of specimens from the Port Lincoln dis- 61 trict which present slight uniform distinctive characters perhaps entitling them to be considered a local variety and which may be thus characterised : Var. lindensis. Minor (long. 1 1.). Differt capitis parte mediana strigosa nec rugulosa; prothorace ad basin vix manifeste impresso (This variety differs from Welsonz by its smaller size and fulv- ous legs, except the hind femora). I have also some specimens from the higher mountains of Vict- oria which seem to represent a local race though hardly deserv- ing to be considered a species ; they may be thus characterised : Var. alpicola. Major (long. 14 1.). Differt capitis parte mediana subcoriacea, vix strigosa (subtilissime nec rugulose punctulata), puncturis magnis prope oculos sat numerosis ; prothoracis impressionibus basalibus sat distinctis. (This variety differs from Wilsonz by its larger size, and legs, except the hind femora, entirely fulvous). I may add that I find the angularity of the front corner of the prothorax a character that cannot be relied upon. In all the above mentioned specimens the front angles are more or less pro- duced externally ; I have even specimens in which one angle seems more prominent than the other; in the specimens from Port Lincoln and Yorke’s Peninsula the angle seems less marked than in those from the Adelaide district and Victoria, in some examples it is scarcely traceable. P. varipes, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata ; nitida ; senea, tibiis tarsisque rufis piceo-variegatis, antennis rufis (parte dimidia apicali infuscatis) ; capite convexo leviter crebre vix subt- iliter punctulato, sulcis interocularibus sat profundis (ab oculorum parte postica ad antennarum basin fere recte ut linez sat subtiles extensis) ; antennis quam corporis dimidium haud longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2"5 3° que conjuncti haud breviori, his inter se sat equalibus ; prothorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, sat grosse sat crebre punctulato, quam caput distincte latiori, antice distincte angustato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis anticis paullo in- crassatis sat acutis sed vix extrorsum directis; elytris striatis, striis sat grosse nec confertim punctulatis (striz prime puncturis vix contusis), interstitiis manifeste punct- ulatis vix convexis. Long., 12 1.; lat., 21. ee P. Olliffi, Blackb., but of a fi iiehtly brassy tone of color, with all the femora dark, the prothorax and elytral striw considerably more strongly punctulate, and the interstices of the elytral striz less flat. N.S. Wales; Blue Mountains. 62 P. minutalis, sp. nov. Ovalis, modice elongata; nitida; ut preecedens colorata; capite fere ut preecedentis sed sparsim subtiliter punctulato; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, apicem versus incrassatis, articulo 1° quam 2"* 3"° que conjuncti breviori, 2° brevi (quam 3” sat breviori) ; prothorace fere ut precedentis sed multo minus fortiter punctulato ; elytris fere ut preecedentis sed striarum puncturis manifeste minoribus. Long., + 1.; lat., ,% 1. This very small species is much like the preceding (P. varipes ) in miniature but differs from it in its antenne being much shorter with differently proportioned joints and in its very much more finely punctulate head and prothorax. In tabulating the species of the genus I have placed this one among those with the prothorax strongly punctulate, but with some hesitation; the puncturation of its prothorax however is much less fine than in the species in which I have called the prothoracic puncturation fine. Victoria. | P. Olliffi, Blackb. When I described this species I omitted to mention a character which though slight seems (from the examination of a considerable series of allied species) to be of some importance, viz., the presence on the portion of the elytra between the suture and the first complete stria of very coarse interstitial puncturation among which the shortened subsutural row of punctures is entirely untraceable. P. crebra, sp. nov. Sat breviter ovalis; minus convexa; sat nitida ; viridi-enea, elytris plus minusve violaceo-micantibus, pedibus (femoribus posticis plus minusve infuscatis vel nigris vel violaceis exceptis) rufis, antennis obscuris basi dilutiori- bus; capite sat lato, crebre minus fortiter punctulato, oculis inter se distantibus, sulcis interocularibus leviter impressis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, articulo 1° quam 2"° 3° que conjuncti breviori, hoc quam ille vix longiori sed multo graciliori; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, subgrosse sat crebre punctulato, antice leviter angust- ato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis haud extror- sum acutis; elytris fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis levibus (1° excepto, hoc tam fortiter punct- ulato ut strie prime puncture sunt penitus confuse). Long.;! Tiley lat.,i2:1) (ram: A short broad species notable for the very coarse puncturation of its prothorax and the absence of a defined abbreviated sub- sutural stria, the space between the suture and the first complete stria being occupied with confused coarse puncturation devoid of linear arrangement. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele. 63 P. tumbyensis (var. ? P. fuscomaculate, Baly). Elongato-ovalis ; sat convexa ; sat nitida; testacea, capite prothorace scutello elytrorumque maculis nonnullis infuscatis et sneo-micanti- bus, antennarum articulis (3 vel 4 exceptis) plus minusve piceo-tinctis ; capite fortiter plus minusve crebre haud (vel parum) rugulose punctulato, sat lato, oculis inter se valde distantibus, sulcis interocularibus sat profundis; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2s 3%° que conjuncti (hoc quam ille sat longiori) parum breviori ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, crebre sub- grosse punctulato, antice parum angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis anticis manifeste extrorsum acutis; elytris fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis punctulatis convexis postice angustis costiformibus. Long., 14 1.; lat., $1. The markings on the elytra are of a reddish fuscous color with a slight brassy tone; they consist of a subbasal fascia not reach- ing the lateral margins, a median fascia much narrowed about the suture, and a very faint subapical. fascia; in some samples they are almost obsolete. It is possible that this is a local form of P. fusco-maculata, Baly, but I think it more probably a. dis- tinct species as it differs from the description not only in the markings of the elytra and the absence of infuscation on the under surface, but in several more important characters—notably in the straight sides of its prothorax. I have seen about half-a- dozen specimens which differ inter se only in the sculpture of the head (a sexual variation I believe) and the greater or less dis- tinctness of the markings on the elytra. 8. Australia; Eyre’s Peninsula, near Tumby. P. hypocrita, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; sat convexa; sat nitida; testacea, capite prothoraceque rufescentibus, antennis apicem versus et femoribus posticis infuscatis ; capite lato, sparsim grosse punctulato ; oculis inter se valde distantibus, sulcis interocularibus minus profundis ; antennis quam corp- oris dimidium subbrevioribus, minus robustis, articulo 1° quam 2"* 3" que conjuncti vix breviori, 2° quam 3"° multo erassiori et sublongiori ; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, fortiter sat crebre punctulato, antice parum angust- ato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis manifeste extror- sum acutis; elytris modice striatis, striis confertim minus fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis vix convexis vix manifeste punctulatis. lLong., 1 1.; lat., 2 1. Notable for the pale testaceous color of its elytra and the coarse sparse puncturation of its head. W. Australia. P. aciculata, sp. nov. Ovalis; convexa ; nitida; enea, antennis 64 (parte dimidia avicali nigra excepta) pedibusque (femoribus posticis eneis exceptis) rufo-fulvis; capite sat lato, subt- iliter ruguloso et puncturis nonnullis sparsim impresso, oculis inter se distantibus, sulcis interocularibus fortiter impressis; antennis quam corporis dimidium subbrevioribus sat robustis, articulo 1° quam 2" 3° que conjuncti (his inter se sat equalibus) paullo breviori ; prothorace quam longiori minus quam duplo latiori, subtilissime strigoso et sparsius subtiliter (ad latera paullo magis fortiter) punct- ulato, antice (superne viso) sat angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis vix incrassatis nec extrorsum directis ; elytris leviter striatis, striis sat grosse minus con- fertim punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis (latera apicemque versus leviter convexis) minus perspicue punctulatis. Long., LiL Jat., 2. This species is notable among its Australian congeners for the very fine punctures (resembling pricks with the point of a fine needle) sparsely distributed over the disc of its prothorax. Victoria ; on the higher mountains. P. impressipennis, sp. nov. Ovalis’; sat elongata ; modice con- vexa; nitida; fulva, vix cupreo-micans, antennis apicem versus paullo (vel vix) infuscatis, pedibus rufo-testaceis ; capite minus lato, coriaceo vel subtiliter ruguloso, oculis magnis inter se subapproximatis, sulcis interocularibus fort- iter impressis ad oculos contiguis; antennis quam corporis dimidium longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2° 3° que conjuncti (his inter se sat eequalibus) parum breviorl; prothorace quam longiori fere triplo latiori, crebre fortiter punctulato, quadr- ato, quam caput multo latiori, antice haud. angustato, mox intra marginem lateralem (hoc fere recto) longitudinaliter manifeste impresso, angulis anticis incrassatis plus minusve distincte extrorsum prominulis, basi utrinque fovea brevi obliqua impressa; elytris paullo pone basin manifeste trans- versim-arcuatim late impressis ; fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis subtiliter punctulatis convexis (latera spaenaae versus sat fortiter costiformibus). Long., 121; lat. 1. A very distinct species on account of its comparatively large size, its large subapproximate eyes, the well defined longitudinal impressions (almost sulci) just within the lateral borders of its prothorax, and the well defined wide shallow impression from shoulder to shoulder on its elytra. Owing to the interocular sulci on its head being very close to its eyes, the spaces on the head which Mr. Baly calls the ‘“interocular spaces” are extremely narrow. I have two examples (from 8. Australia) somewhat. smaller than typical specimens, a little wider and less elongate, 110 65 with the front angles of their prothorax rather more strongly directed outward which may possibly represent a distinct species. S. Australia. P. eyrensis, sp. nov. Precedenti (P. impressipenni) atftinis ; diftert elytris multo minus fortiter striatis, striis multo minus erebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis (latera apicemque versus vix convexis). Long., 1,3, 1.; lat., 21. Remarkably like the preceding but with very differently sculp- tured elytra. In impressipennis these have deep striz witl crowded punctures giving them a catenulated appearance, while in the present species the striz are slight so that the sculpture is not very much more than rows of punctures on the surface, the several punctures in the rows being well isolated from their fellows. The very slight convexity of the interstices even near the apex and lateral margins further distinguishes this insect from the preceding. S. Australia ; near Lake Eyre. P. quadraticollis, sp. nov. Elongata; subparallela; minus convexa; sat nitida; neo-picea, antennis pedibusque fulvescentibus, illis apicem versus piceo-tinctis ; capite lato, subtiliter strigoso et puncturis sat magnis leviter minus crebre impresso, sulcis interocularibus obsoletis, oculis inter se valde distantibus; antennis gracilibus quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2"° 3"° que conjuncti (his inter se sat equalibus) vix breviori ; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, crebre fortiter punctulato, quadrato, quam caput vix latiori, margine antico quam posticus latiori, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis incrassatis sed vix extrorsum directis ; elytris leviter striatis, striis crebre minus fortiter punctulatis (striz prime puncturis sat confusis), interstitiis vix (apicem versus nullo modo) convexis vix manifeste punctulatis. Long., PY; Tat., 2 1. Seems to be ailied to P. Waterhousei, Baly and laticeps, Baly (both from W. Australia) and to differ from them inéer alia by the peculiar sculpture of its head, also by its prothorax being at at its widest across the front. S. Australia ; Quorn, &c. P. pallidior, sp.nov. Precedenti valde affinis; differt statura majore, colore toto (antennis apicem versus infuscatis exceptis) brunneo-testaceo, capite haud strigoso crebre sat eequaliter punctulato, prothorace paullo minus fortiter minus crebre punctulato, elytrorum interstitiis subtiliter distincte punctulatis omnibus (extermis 2 vix convexis exceptis) planis. Long., 141.; lat., $1. S. Australia. E 66 P. crassipennis, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; sat nitida; subtus obscure rufescens, supra brnnneo-testacea, (capite prothoraceque plus minusve rufescentibus), antennis testaceis (parte dimidia apicali plus minusve picescenti), pedibus testaceis (femoribus posticis plus minsuve infuscatis) nonnullorum exemplorum sutura infuscata ; capite fere ut P. quadraticollis sed sulcis interocularibus minus obsoletis (ab oculorum parte postica’ ad antennarum basin ut line subtiles rectze extensis) antennis fere ut LP. quadraticollis sed subbrevioribus paullo robustioribus ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, subgrosse vix crebre punctulato, quam caput paullo latiori, antice distincte angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis parum incrassatis sat acutis sed haud extrorsum directis ; elytris striatis, striis sat grosse nec crebre punctulatis (strize prime puncturis vix comer et interstitiis ee convexis vix manifeste punctulatis. Long. 11.5; lat., $1. (vix). Allied to the eenadine two species but readily distinguishable by the coarse comparatively sparse punctures of its elytral striz. Its prothorax is by no means sparsely punctured but evidently less closely than that of P. quadraticollis. In this and the pre- ceding two species the interval between the eyes is evidently wider than twice the width of an eye. In this species there is a perplexing variability in the depth of the larger punctures of the head and in the degree of convexity of the elytral insterstices, hardly two specimens being quite alike in these respects. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. P. Meyricki, sp. nov. Elongata; subparallela; sat nitida; piceo-brunnea, vix cupreo-micans, antennis testaceis (articulis ultimis 4 piceo-tinctis), pedibus testaceis (femoribus plus minusve infuscatis); capite lato, confertim subrugulose eequaliter punctulato, sulcis interocularibus obsoletis, oculis inter se valde distantibus ; antennis minus gracilibus, quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo 1° quam 2". 3"° que conjuncti (hoc quam ille vix longiori) vix breviori; prothorace fere ut P. qguadraticollis sed marginibus antico et postico latitudine equalibus ; elytris leviter striatis, striis minus crebre vix fortiter punctulatis (striarum prime, et antice secunde, puncturis confusis), interstitiis sat convexis vix perspicue punctulatis. Long., 1 1. ; lat., 2 1. Near P. quadraticollis but differing from it and other allied species by the puncturation of its head which scarcely differs from that of its prothorax except in being a trifle closer with a distinct tendency to rugulosity. J have a specimen from W. Australia (which I take to be an immature example of this insect) entirely of a pale testaceous color. W. Australia; taken by Mr. Meyrick. 67 CREPIDODERA, C. indicica, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitida ; subtus obscura; supra coerulea (colore fere indici), antennarum articulo basali apicem versus et 2° 3° que totis testaceis vel piceo-testaceis ; capite levi, inter oculos minus distincte transversim sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulis 1° 3° 4° que inter se longitudine sat eequalibus, 2° sat brevi ; prothorace sat transverso, levi, ante basin fortiter transvers- im sulcato (sulco transverso utrinque sulco longitudinali forti terminato), lateribus arcuatis, angulis distinctis vix acutis ; elytris irregulariter eae et confuse subt- iliter punctulatis. Long., 13 1.; lat., $1. This species is well chee aniesd a its eae puncturation, the rows of which are extremely irregular owing to punctures about the same size as those of the rows (as well as some much smaller) being confusedly scattered about the interstices; near the apex the rows are scarcely traceable at all. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. C. crassior, sp. nov. Precedenti (C. indicice) aftinis; differt antennarum articulis 3—6 magis gracilibus, elytris regul- ariter seriatim grosse punctulatis (puncturis prope apicem confusis subtilioribus). Long. 14 1.; lat., 2 1. (vix). Considerably smaller than the preceding and having the inter” mediate joints of the antenne more slender so that the antenne appear somewhat thickened towards the apex ; also the punctura- tion of the elytra is very much coarser and (except towards the apex) is disposed in regular rows. N. Queensland ; taken near Cairns by Mr. Koebele. OPISTHOPYGME (gen. nov. Halticitarumn). Corpus ovale, glabrum, minus convexum ; antenne 1]-articulate, sat approximate, filiformes, quam corporis dimidium o longiores, minus robuste, articulo 1° modico, 2° quam 1" sa breviori, 3° quam praecedentes g graciliori quam 1"* vix eee 4° quam 3"* subbreviori, 5° quam 1” sublongiori; prothorax latissime quadratus, paullo ante basin transversim profunde sulcato (sulco margines laterales attingenti, et utrinque cum basi sulco longitudinali profundo conjuncto); scutellum modicum; elytra profunde punctulato-striata inzqualia, epipleuris latis bene determinatis fere ad apicem continuis subhorizontalibus (extrorsum paullo inclinatis) ; pedes modici; tibize anteriores 4 mutice, postice mucronate, his extus leviter canaliculatis ; femora postica valde incrassata, subtus leviter canaliculata ; tarsi postici quam tibie haud multo breviores, articulo basali quam sequentes 2 conjuncti paullo 68 longiori, articulo apicali valde inflato-dilatato; unguiculi appendiculati ; coxee antic minus elevatze, inter se sat longe distantes, postice clause ; mesosternum modicum. The species for which I propose this new generic name is of great interest because the inflated claw joint of its hind tarsi in combination with its closed front coxe refer it to M. Lacordaire’s Group “ Monoplatites” hitherto (so far as I can ascertain) only known as American. I cannot place it in any of the numerous previously described genera of the Group. Its maxillary palpi do not accord very satisfactorily with those of either of the sections into which M. Lacordaire divides the genera by the form of the maxillary palpi; the second joint is obconic, the third shorter than the second (but not much thicker than its apex) the fourth conic and a trifle longer than the second. O. Jacobyi, sp. nov. Nitida; testaceo-ferruginea, antennis apicem versus infuscatis, elytris indeterminate brunneo-maculatis horum striis interrupte infuscatis ; capite levi, inter oculos transversim arcuatim sulcato; prothorace levi (sulcis punctulatis exceptis), angulis anticis manifeste explanatis, posticis acutis, lateribus rectis; elytrorum striis apicem versus profundioribus, interstitlis convexis (apicem versus subcostatis). Long., 12 1.; lat., 41. The sulcation of the prothorax is unusual, there being an extremely strong sulcus running all across in front of the base, and also an equally strong longitudinal sulcus on either side run- ning from the transverse sulcus to the base. On the elytra an ill defined depression runs hindward just within the humeral region and then bends towards the suture which it reaches so as to join its fellow of the other elytron thus causing the inner basal part of each elytron to appear elevated. N. Queensland ; named in honor of Mr. M. Jacoby well known as an accomplished specialist in the Phytophaga. SUTREA, The following species seem to be referable to this genus which has not been previously recorded as Australian, though well represented in New Guinea. Its principal characters are; antenne approximate (of 11 joints), front coxal cavities open behind, mesosternum normal, hind tibize not sulcate (mucronate at apex), anterior four tibiz unarmed, claw joint not dilated, pro- thorax devoid of impressions, margins of elytra evidently dilated. . S. Mastersi, sp. nov. Hlongato-ovalis, minus parallela; sat convexa ; nitida ; testacea, antennis (basi testacea excepta) | obscuris, elytrorum macula communi magna basali et parte 69 dimidia apicali nigris ; capite levi inter oculos transversim suleato; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulis 3° 4° que inter se sat zequalibus ; prothorace quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, transversim quadrato, vix perspicue punctulato, lateribus leviter em ep ; elytris subtiliter minus crebre punctulatis. Long., 24 1. ; lat., 141. (vix). The markings on the elytra of this species seem to be ‘very different from those of the previously described ones. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. S. speciosa, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; minus parallela; modice convexa ; nitida ; testacea, abdomine (basi apiceque exceptis) obscuro, elytris (basi et marginis lateralis. parte antica exceptis) violaceis; capite levi inter oculos transversim suleato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulis 3° 4° que inter se sat equalibus ; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, postice subangustato, vix perspicue punctulato, lateribus sat rotundatis; elytris paullo pone basin transversim impressis, vix punctulatis sed sparsim leviter granulatis. Long., 31.; lat., 131. Probably near S. violaceipennis, Jac, but differing from it inter alia by the flavous base (and front part of the sides) of its elytra and its yellow scutellum. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. HALTICODES (gen nov. Halticitarum). Comets oblongo-ovale, modice convexum ; antenne 11-articulate, sat approximate, filiformes, quam corporis dimidium vix vel paullo longiores, minus robustee, articulo 1° minus elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1** sublongiori,4° quam 3"° paullo breviori ; prothorax transversus, mox ante basin transversim sulcatus, sulco utrinque (sat longe a margine laterali) in basin recurvato ; scutellum magnum triangulare; elytra quam prothorax ‘manifeste latiora, confuse punctulata, marginibus lateralibus sat latis, epipleuris horizontalibus fere ad apicem continuata; pedes modici; tibiz anteriores 4 brevissime, postice sat breviter, mucronate, his fere cylindricis ; femora postica sat incrassata subtus canaliculata ; tarsi postici sat elongati quam tibize dimidium sat longiores, articulo basali 2° 3° que conjunctis equilongo, ultimo haud _ inflato; unguiculi appendiculati; coxe antice sat elevate, postice apertee ; mesosternum sat magnum. I cannot find that any genus has been characterised to which it is possible to refer the species for which I propose this name. Its facies is altogether that of Haltica to which genusit is ex- 70 tremely close structurally, but I do not see how it is possible to place it in Haltica as limited by Dr. Chapnis on account of the very different form of its prothoracic sulcus which (instead of running all across the segment and merging laterally in the lateral margin) bends hindward on either side at some distance from the lateral margin and so arrives at the basal margin but without being limited externally by anything like a longitudinal sulcus. I should feel some doubt as to whether the present insect is distinct from the very briefly characterised Docema, Waterh. were it not that the claws of the latter are described as “simple.” Further distinctions of the present genus from the European /faltice (e.g. pusilla, Duf.) will be found in the widened lateral margin of the elytra, in the elytral epipleurze (which are horizontal, with their external edge well defined instead of becoming sublateral hindward with no well-defined carina limiting them externally), and in the considerably greater dilatation of the hind femora (which however are not so strongly dilated as those of Arsipoda). It is to be noted that the ex- tremely short mucro of the anterior tibize is placed above (not below) the base of the tarsus and is very oy overlooked with- out careful observation. H. disparipes, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat nitida ; subtus (prosterno et abdominis apice brunneis exceptis) piceo- nigra; supra testaceo-brunnea, pedibus (femoribus posticis piceis exceptis) pallide brunneis, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 vel 4 testaceis exceptis) nigris; capite levi, inter oculos trans- versim arcuatim sulcato; prothorace subquadrato, quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, antice vix angustato, sub- tilius sparsim punctulato, lateribus vix arcuatis, angulis omnibus distinctis subacutis ; elytris crebre fortiter confuse punctulatis. Long., 21; lat., zy ). Victoria ; I have met with it only in mountainous places. HYPHALTICA (gen. nov. Halticitarwm). Generi preecedenti (//alticodi) affinis; differt elytrorum margini- bus lateralibus minus latis, epipleuris pone medium magis angustis, tibiis anticis distincte minus breviter (intermediis breviter) mucronatis, femoribus posticis magis dilatatis sub- tus planatis sed vix canaliculatis. This is another ally of Haltica according to Dr. Chapuis’ arrangement ; its prothoracic transverse furrow is quite as in Halticodes but it seems necessary to separate it from that genus on account of the characters noted above, especially the presence of a very well defined mucro (in the usual position) at the apex of the front tibie. In some respects this genus as well as the 71 preceding resembles Lactica but it does not appear possible to associate with that genus species in which there are no distinct longitudinal sulci on the prothorax. It should be noted that the mucro of the intermediate tibiz is in H. /auta little more than a conical projection from the tarsal cavity which I have only been able to identify by removing the tarsus, but it undoubtedly is a small mucro. H. lauta, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; minus convexa; sat nitida ; lurida, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 vel 4 exceptis) nigris, corpore supra hic illic (presertim elytris postice) indeterminate infuscato, corpore subtus piceo ; capite sparsim subtiliter punctulato, inter oculos leviter sulcato; anten- narum articulo 3° quam 4"* haud longiori ; prothorace quam longiori paullo plus quam duplo latiori, antice haud multo angustato, fere ut caput punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis omnibus distinctis nec acutis ; elytris subt- iliter (apicem versus vix distincte) subcrebre punctulatis. Long., 14:1.; lat., 41. In this species the transverse sulcus of the prothorax is well defined (a trifle more strongly than in the European H. pusilla, Duf.), and instead of running on to the lateral margin bends round obliquely to the base some little distance from the lateral margin, but without being bounded by anything that could rightly be called a longitudinal sulcus. S. Australia; taken near Quorn. H.(?) anomala, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; sat nitida ; nigra, capite antennarum articulis basalibus 3 prothorace pedi- busque testaceis; capite vix manifeste punctulato, inter oculos fortiter sulcato; antennis quam precedentis magis robustis, articulo 3° quam 4" haud longiori; prothorace quam. longiori duplo latiori, antice parum angustato, subt- iliter sat sparsim punctulato, transversim obsolete sulcato, lateribus sat arcuatis, angulis subacutis; elytris subtiliter sat crebre punctulatis; tibiis intermediis distincte mucron- atis. Long., 14—141.; lat., j—4 1. I have some little hesitation in considering this species con- generic with H. lauwta on account of the sulcus of its prothorax being very faintly marked and the mucro of its intermediate tibize being quite well defined. These characters seem too slight to justify the creation of a new genus for a single species, but I look upon it as very probable that when the Halticites of Aus- tralia are more fully known it will be found that these two must be separated notwithstanding their similarity both in facies and general characters. Victoria ; Dividing Range. 72 H. (?) occidentalis, sp. nov. Subovata; sat nitida; lurida, antennis apicem versus vix infuscatis, capite postice rufo- piceo, corpore supra hic illic indeterminate infuscato, corpore subtus magis obscuro ; capite levi, inter oculos bituberculato sed vix distincte sulcato; antennarum articulo 3° quam 4° manifeste longiori; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, antice manifeste angustato, subcoriaceo et sat obsolete punctulato, sat fortiter transversim sulcato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis obtusis ; elytris fortiter sat crebre punct- ulatis ; tibiis intermediis distincte mucronatis. Long., 131; lat., 3 1. The species of Southern Australia appertaining to Lacordaire’s group “ Halticites” (outside the genus Haltica) differ in respect of facies and characters to an extent that would perhaps justify the creation of a separate genus for each of them. I am reluctant to follow this course, and so am placing in this genus Hyphaltica several forms that (appertaining to the Halticites) agree in the transverse sulcus of their prothorax being (not continued to the lateral margin but) bent round to the base before reaching the lateral margin, in their elytra not being exceptionally widely margined, and in their front tibiz having a well-defined mucro placed i in ‘the normal position. The present species differs some- what in facies from the preceding two, owing to its subovate form, and the strongly rounded sides of its prothorax. W. Australia. H. mediocris, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; sat nitida; lurida, scutello antennis (parte apicali excepta) et femorum parte superiori (basi excepta) infuscatis; capite lato, in medio fere levi, ad latera punctulato, inter oculos transversim sulc- ato; antennis sat robustis, quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 3° quam 4"* paullo longiori ; prothorace fortiter transverso, postice paullo angustato, sublevi, sat fortiter transversim sulcato, lateribus sat arcuatis (latitudine majori ante medium posita), angulis bene determinatis sub- acutis; elytris subtiliter obsolete (circa scutellum magis perspicue) punctulatis; tibiis intermediis breviter distincte mucronatis. lLong., 1,°, 1.5 lat., 21. The wide head of this species (the interval between the eyes being considerably more than the greatest diameter of an eye) and its not very convex eyes, together with the shape of its pro- thorax (wider in front than behind) give it a characteristic facies suggestive of generic distinctness from the others that I have provisionally associated in this genus; but it is certainly very close allied to them. S. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. 73 H. Adelaide, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat elongata; sat nitida ; supra nigra; subtus picea, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus, femoribus (presertim posticis) plus minusve infuscatis vel nigricantibus ; capite lato, in medio fere levi, inter oculos suleato; antennis sat robustis, quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 3° quam 4% multo longiori, hoc quam 2% subbreviori; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice vix angustato, distincte minus crebre punctulato, fortiter transversim sulcato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis minus acutis (anticis incrassatis extrorsum leviter directis) ; elytris crebre fortiter punctulatis ; tibiis inter- mediis breviter distincte mucronatis. Long., 13 1; lat., 41. (vix). A very distinct species on account of inter alia its entirely black upper surface. S. Australia ; Adelaide district. HALTICA. This genus as restricted by Dr. Chapuis may be taken to be limited to species that M. Allard’s monograph would place in Graptodera. M. Allard suppresses Haltica altogether, but Dr. Chapuis’ plea for retainining the name seems to me quite con- elusive. The species are extremely variable and very difficult to determine. As regards the Australian species the best distinctive characters appear to me the sexual peculiarities of the males. H. corrusca, Er. I am not sure that I know this species (which was described from Tasmania). The only Tasmanian Haltica known to me differs in important respects from Erich- son’s description. But there 1s a species occurring plentifully, and widely distributed in Southern Australia (Victoria, N.S. Wales and 8. Australia, and probably in Tasmania), which agrees well with the description of //. corrwsca in every respect except that (so far as regards the specimens I have seen) the violaceous coloring of the underside referred to by Erichson is wanting. It is an insect of brassy-zenous color (long., about 23 1.) with well defined fairly close and rather fine elytral puncturation, and the longitudinal post-humeral sulcus very faint. Its males (apart from the dilatation of the basal joint of the tarsi) are dis- tinguished by the sculpture of the apical ventral segment, which is devoid of tubercles and has its apical half (or thereabouts) flattened so as to be on a lower plane than the front part from which in certain lights it seems to be separated by a sulcus; the middle part of its apical margin (which must not be confused with the free edge of the pygidium seen beyond it) is rounded but owing to inequalities on its surface immediately before the apex it appears (from a point of view whence the true apex does 74 not catch the eye) to be trilobed. Its intermediate tibize are straight or nearly so. H. splendida, Oliv. I have not seen any insect at all likely to be this species; the description of it seems possibly consistent with its being a true Ha/ltica. H, ferruginis, Blackb. I regard this insect as possibly repre- senting a gen. nov. near //altica. As far as I know the species that may be rightly regarded as typical members of Haltica, they are invariable in being of some dark (more or less metallic) color, and in having a prothoracic sulcus completely traversing the seg- ment in complete separation from its base. H. ferruginis however not only is of a nearly uniform brownish-testaceous color, but has its prothoracic sulcus less distinctly complete than in a typical Haltica inasmuch as near the lateral margins it seems to lose itself in a mere basal depression (there being in that part no elevated interval between it and the true basal margin). The combination of these two differences from a normal Haltica points to the likelihood of other species allied to it existing in N.W. Australia (which is its habitat). Its prothoracic sulcus is not much like that of either of the new genera (/yphaltica and Halticodes) characterised above. As far as I can see its four anterior tibize are unarmed but the type is not in a condition to allow of my thoroughly investigating the question whether a very small mucro may be hidden among the apical sete. I cannot find any named genus other than /Haltica in which it might be placed, although it is very difficult to arrive at certainty regarding some of Baly’s genera owing to their author having merely enumerated their characters without mentioning what genera they are allied to. H. pagana, sp. nov. Ovalis, minus elongata; nitida; ccrulea vel purpurea, antennis tibiis tarsisque obscuris ; capite sub- levi, inter oculos transversim sulcato, ante suleum bituber- culato ; antennis quam corpus (maris haud multo, feminz paullo magis) brevioribus, sat robustis (articulo basali modico, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1" vix breviori, 4° quam 3 vix longiori) ; prothorace sat transverso, antice sat angustato, in disco levi, latera versus distincte punctulato, ante basin sat profunde sulcato, lateribus sat arcuatis; elytris sat crebre sat fortiter (quam H. pusille, Duf., paullo minus crebre vix minus fortiter) punctulatis, ad latera obsolete sulcatis (sulco ante medium extus vix manifeste carinato). Maris tibiis intermediis sat rectis; segmento ventrali apicali in medio postice rotundato, nullo adspectu trilobato, mox ante apicem bituberculato. Long., 22 1.; lat., 141. Much like H. australis, Blackb., but a more richly colored in- sect, with less close elytral puncturation, and the apical ventral 75 segment of the male quite different. The antenne of the male are about three-quarters the length of the body. Victoria and Tasmania; in mountainous places. H. gravida, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitida ; enea, corpore subtus antennis pedibusque obscuris; capite antennisque fere ut precedentis, sed his paullo brevioribus ; prothorace minus transverso (quam longiori circiter quarta parte latiori), subcoriaceo et sparsim subtiliter (latera versus magis grosse) punctulato, antice parum angustato, ante basin sat profunde sulcato, lateribus minus arcuatis ; elytris sat crebre sat subt- iliter subobsolete punctulatis, ad latera fortiter . sulcatis (sulco et intus et extus longe ultra medium carina forti marginato). Maris tibiis intermediis (exempli typici) extrorsum fortiter curvatis ; segmento ventrali apicali ad apicem certo adspectu fortiter trilobato. Long., 3—-311.; lat., 14 1. Resembles in general appearance and color the species men- tioned above as being probably //. corrusca, Er., but inter alia much larger, with the lateral furrows and carine of its elytra very much stronger. The apical ventral segment does not present much difference, but the extraordinary middle tibiz of its male which are very strongly bent outwards at the apex (if not a deformity of the unique male that I have seen) furnish a very striking character. In any case the present species is an ex- tremely distinct one. I have two female examples from N.S. Wales which I attribute to this species but cannot be sure of their identity without knowing their male. S. Australia; Murray River District, &c. The following table shows the distinctive characters of the species attributed to Australia that there seems to be more or less reason to regard as true Haltice (the doubt, in my opinion, being about the first two) :— A. Underside testaceous. B. Elytra testaceous.. ate are w. ferruginis, Blackb. BB. Elytra metallic... oe Pa ... splendida, Oliv. AA. Underside dark. B. Sublateral sulcus of elytra feeble and not limited by a sharply defined carina. C. Apical ventral segment of male not tuberculate. D. Upper surface metallic blue or purple ... australis, Blackb. DD. Upper surface zneous or bronzy .. corrusca, Er. CC. Apical ventral segment of male bituberculate payana, Blackb. BB. Sublateral sulcus of elytra strong and limited by a sharp carina. C, Apical ventral segment of male with a large impression before the apex (color brassy) .... gravida, Blackb. CC. Apical ventral segment of male even or nearly so (color coppery) ¥ rey! ... atgnea, Blackb. 76 LONGITARSUS. LI, Victoriensis, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat nitidus; fusco-testaceus, capite rufescenti, antennis extrorsum labro et femoribus posticis infuscatis ; antennis sat gracilibus quam corpus vix brevioribus, articulo 1° quam sequentes 2 conjuncti vix breviori, 3° quam 2". sat longiori quam 4" paullo breviori ; capite vix punctulato, in vertice plus minusve distincte transversim strigato ; prothorace transversim subquadrato, crebre fortiter punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis; elytris fortiter subseriatim punctulatis. Long. 11.; lat. 31. (vix). Very like Z. lwridus, Gyll.; differing from that species especially by its elytral puncturation evidently a little closer and less coarse, and much more disposed to a seriate arrangement ; also by the usually well-marked transverse strigosity of the hind part of its head. Victoria ; Alpine district. APHTHONA,. A, Cowleyi, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongata; nitida ; antennis extrorsum labro et (ex parte) femoribus posticis piceis, tibiis plus minusve infuscatis ; capite levi inter oculos sulcato ; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, articulo 1° modico, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 2" sat longiori (1° long- itudine sat equali), 4° 3° squali; prothorace subtilissime | punctulato, subquadrato, antice leviter angustato, pone marginem anticum lateribus subangulatis; elytris quam prothorax minus nitidis vix manifeste punctulatis; coxis anticis apertis ; tibiis omnibus breviter mucronatis, posticis extus sat longe sat manifeste longitudinaliter sulcatis ; tars- orum posticorum articulo basal sequentibus 2 longitudine eequali. lLong., 171.5; lat. £1. In this species the ind abi are somewhat more decidedly sulcate externally than is usual in Aphthona, but I can find no other character inconsistent with a place in that genus. Apparently near A. papuensis, Jac, but considerably larger, with more transverse prothorax, &e. Northern Australia ; taken by Mr. Cowley, near Cairns. XUTHEA (?) I feel considerable hesitation in assigning the following species to this East Indian genus, which is not known to me in nature. But it agrees with the diagnosis in all essential characters and certainly ought to be placed very near Xuthea. Its front cox are open behind, its prothorax has a strong transverse sulcus sharply limited by a short longitudinal sulcus on either side ; ; its iw antenne are 11-jointed ; its mesosternum is normal ; all its tibie are mucronate ; and the claw joint of its hind tarsi is normal. These are the structural characters of Xuwthea and I cannot find that they have been attributed to any subsequently named genus. It is likely enough that a comparison of types might render it desirable to separate the insect described below from Xwthea but meanwhile I think it should be provisionally referred to that genus. It evidenly bears much specific resemblance to the type of Xuthea, though it is considerably smaller. X? formosa, sp. nov. LElongato-ovalis; nitida; tota lete ceerulea, antennis obscuris basin versus vix rufescentibus exceptis ; capite levi, inter oculos transversim arcuatim suleato ; oculis grosse granulatis; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, apicem versus gradatim manifeste incrassatis, articulo 1° parum elongato, 2° quam 1” sat breviori, 3° 1° longitudine eequali, 4° quam 3" paullo breviori, 5° 3° longitudine zequali et paullo magis robusto ; prothorace sublevi, antice angustato, ante basin profunde transversim sulcato (sulco transverso utrinque in sulco profundo longit- udinali terminato); elytris subtiliter minus regulariter seriatim punctulatis, nullo modo striatis; coxis anticis apertis, tibiis omnibus breviter mucronatis tarsorum postic- orum articulo basali sequentibus 2 longitudine equali. Long., LE; lat., 2 1.. (vix). Its brilliant metallic blue color (almost as bright on the under- surface and the legs as on the elytra) renders this a very beauti- ful little insect. The color of the legs underlying their blue iridescence is of a somewhat pitchy testaceous tone. The basal joint of the antennz is somewhat shorter than in most Ha/lticides. The mucro at the apex of the anterior 4 tibize is placed among coarse setze and needs looking for. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele, near Cairns. SPH RODERMA. S. baldiensis, sp. nov. Late ovalis ; nitida ; rufo testacea, antenn- arum articulis ultimis 5 obscuris; capite transversim pro- funde arcuatim sulcato (sulco pone oculos, ut S. testacee, Fab., continuo), in vertice punctulato et longitadinaliter striatim ruguleso; antennis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, articulis ultimis 5 gradatim incrassatis, articulo 1° modico, 2° minus brevi (quam 1"* fere duplo breviori), 3° quam 2” graciliori sed vix longiori, 4° 6° inter se sat cequali- bus (quam 3" subbrevioribus) ; prothorace transverso, transversim convexo, subfortiter sat sparsim punctulato ; elytris sparsim sat fortiter (quam 8S. festacee, F., magis sparsim vix magis fortiter) punctulatis ; femoribus posticis modicis. Long., 12 1; lat., + 1 18 The structural characters seem to be altogether those of the European species of the genus unless the shortness of the antennce be considered aberrant; many species with short antenne from Java, &c., have, however, been attributed to Sphwroderma. Victoria ; Alpine district. PSYLLIODES. P. lubricata, sp. nov. Hlongato-ovata; pernitida ; supra eneo- viridis, prothorace aurato, antennis piceis basin versus testaceis ; subtus piceo-nigra, pedibus rufis (femoribus plus minusve eneo-tinctis ; capite sublevi; prothorace fortiter transverso, lateribus pone apicem fortiter dentatis, disco sparsius minus fortiter (lateribus sat crebre sat grosse) punctulato ; elytris leviter striatis, striis crebre sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis planis (apicem versus leviter con- vexis) subtilissime punctulatis ; tibiarum posticarum pro- cessu apicali quam tibia tota plus quam triplo breviori, ad_ latera pectinato, ad apicem fortiter bidentato. Long., 1% 1; lat., # 1. The reddish-testaceous color of the legs (including the femora), —only in places with a brassy metallic tone overlying the red color,—distinguishes this species from its allies ; it is also notable for the flat interstices (only feebly convex near the apex) of its elytral strie. Victoria ; Black Spur. (Sub-tribe) GALERUCIDES. The Australian Polynesian and Papuan Phytophaga of the sub- tribe Galerucides present considerable ditticulties to thier student owing to the great uncertainty that exists in respect of some of the genera—an uncertainty notably illustrated by the frequency of the mark ‘“?” after the generic designations of species described by even well known specialists. In a recent investiga- tion of the Galerucides of my collection I have found among those insects many species previously undescribed, but in several instances have been unable to reach any confident conclusion as to what is their right generic position. As this difficulty arises mainly from the faultiness of generic diagnoses there does not appear to be any escape from it, and I must therefore follow the same course that others have adopted and in some cases indicate a doubt as to the correctness of my generic determinations. Authors in general seem to be fairly agreed that the structure of the prosternum is the character on which the primary sub- division of the tribe should be founded. Dr. Chapuis (Gen. Col. vol, XI.) recognises two distinct forms of this structure indicated by the cavities of the front cox being either open or closed 19 behind. Subsequently Dr. Baly (Journ. Linn. Soc. XX) while accepting the prosternal structure as the basis of classifica- tion regards (not the closure of the cavities but) the relation between the prosternum and the hind margin of the antepectus as the true index of that structure, and indicates two forms of the relation in either of which the cavities may be either open or closed. He considers that both conditions of the cavities may exist within the limits of a genus. Now I venture to think that for the purposes of classification, at our present stage of knowledge, something else than the anatomical importance of characters ought to be taken into account —viz., the facility or otherwise of observing them. It is usually necessary to injure a specimen to find out even whether its coxal cavities are open or not; it is always necessary to do so in order to examine the relation between the prosternum and the hind- margin of the antepectus. I cannot but regard this proposal of Dr. Baly’s as somewhat of the nature of his classification of Paropsis where he finds a primary character in the internal organs of the hind body. The divergence between these specialists however suggests a doubt whether they agree practically as to the limits of a given genus and creates a great difficulty in dealing with the species they have described. I find Dr. Baly’s classification impracticable and greatly prefer to make use of Dr. Chapuis’. It appears to me however that even Dr. Chapuis is not quite clear in his definition of the terms “‘ open” and “ closed” in dealing with the coxal cavities. He says that when the coxal cavities are open the base of the true prosternum (by which he means the hind margin, behind the coxe, of the middle part of the prosternum as a whole) does not join the inward prolongation of the pro- sternal epimera. But there are very few cases in which this juncture is absolutely wanting, and I find from the dissection of numerous specimens that his test practically is whether the base of the true prosternum meets the apex of the inward prolonga- tion of the epimera, or whether the apex of the epimera is freely applied against the coxa. In the former case (which is exempli- fied in Adimonia, Monolepta, &c.) Dr. Chapuis regards the coxal cavity as closed; in the latter (exemplified by Awlacophora, Luperus, &c.) he regards it as open. I treat. the terms “open ” and “closed” (as applied to the coxal cavities) in this sense. OIDES. O. insignipennis, sp. nov. Elongato-ovata; flava, antennis (articulis basalibus flavo-variegatis exceptis) vittisque in elytris 2 latissimis (his postice conjunctis) piceo-nigris, tibiis externe tarsisque infuscatis ; antennis robustis quam corpus 80 circiter tertia parte brevioribus, articulo 3° quam 2" duplo longiori quam 4"* paullo breviori quam 5” vix breviori ; capite inter oculos profunde transversim sulcato, fronte longitudinaliter vix impressa ; oculis minus prominulis ; pro- thorace quam longiori paullo plus quam duplo latiori, fere eequali, subfortiter minus crebre sat «qualiter (et latera versus confertim subtilissime) punctulato ; elytris dupliciter (sc. sat crebre subtilissime et sat crebre vix subtiliter) nullo modo rugulose punctulatis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 22 1. The elytral vittze are considerably wider than the yellow stripes, so that the elytra are more black than yellow. The greatest width across the elytra is nearly four times the width of the prothorax and the elytra are fully six times longer than the prothorax. The hind angles of the prothorax are by no means rounded off but well-defined obtuse angles. At once distinguished from O. Fryi, Clk., by inter alia the absence of a transverse pro- thoracic impression, the less close puncturation (devoid of any rugulosity) of the elytra, and its less prominent eyes. Queensland ; Port Mackay; sent to me by Mr. Lower. O. ocularis, sp. nov. Elongato-ovata ; flava, antennarum articulis 2°—8° in parte (9°—11° totis) vittisque in elytris 2 modice latis (his postice conjunctis) piceo nigris, tibiis externe tars- isque infuscatis; antennis minus robustis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 3° quam 2" duplo longiori quam 4"° sat breviori quam 5™ vix breviori; capite fere ut preecedentis (O. insignipennis),; oculis sat prominulis ; prothorace fere ut precedentis sed partis lateralis punct- uratione subtili multo minus conferta minus subtili ; elytris fere ut preecedentis punctulatis. Long., 4 1; lat., 221. Allied to the preceding but with the vittsz (especially the external one) of the elytra narrower, the antenne shorter and less robust, the eyes considerably more prominent, the excessively close and fine puncturation on the sides of the prothorax want- ing, &e. At once distinguishable from O. Fryi, Clk., by the puncturation of the elytra not showing any tendency to rugulos- ity, the absence of the transverse prothoracic impression, We. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley. O. ignota, sp. nov. Elongato-ovata ; rufo-flava, antennis articul- orum (1'—3' parte inferiori dilutiori) vittisque in elytris 2 modice latis (his postice conjunctis) piceo-nigris, tibiis externe tarsisque infuscatis ; antennis robustis quam corpus circiter tertia parte brevioribus, articulo 3° quam 2° haud duplo longiori quam 4"* tertia parte breviori quam 5% mani- feste breviori ; capite fere ut O. insignipennis ; oculis minus prominulis; prothorace quam longiori fere triplo latiori, 81 ante medium transversim late impresso (parte concave utringue abbreviata), sat crebre subgrosse punctulato, margine postico retrorsum late rotundato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris dupliciter (sc. sat crebre subtiliter et sat erebre fortite) nec rugulose punctulatis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 3 1. (vix). 7 A fine large species, at once distinguishable from its allies by the strong puncturation of its upper surface ; the comparatively long second joint of its antennz is also a notable character. N. Australia ; | am not sure of the exact locality. O. tigrina, sp. nov. Ovalis ; flavo-testacea, antennarum articulis 1°—8° in parte (9° 11° totis) vittis in elytris 4 angustis capite postice prothoracis maculis nonnullis metasterni parte magna femoribus (basi excepta) tibiarum parte magna tarsisque piceis ; antennis minus robustis quam corporis due partes longioribus, articulo 3° quam 2"* haud duplo longiori quam 4 tertia parte breviori quam 5” paullo breviori; capite inter oculos profunde transversim sulcato, fronte longitudin- aliter manifeste impressa ; oculis sat prominulis ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, ante medium transversim interrupte leviter impresso, coriaceo et sparsim inzequaliter leviter punctulato, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine postico retrorsum late rotundato; elytris dupliciter (sc. subtilissime minus crebre et sat crebre fortius) vix subrugul- ose punctulatis. Long.,41.; lat., 2% 1. Differs from its immediate allies in its somewhat regularly ova! shape, also in there being four dark vittz on eachelytron. These are of about equal width and do not reach the apex. The subsutural one becomes gradually darker and more defined from the base hindward ; the second and third coalesce near their hinder end (their common stem coalescing with the other two a little before the apex of the elytron) ; the external one exists only in the hinder third part of the elytron. The previously described Australian species of Ozdes having testaceous or yellow elytra ornamented with dark vittz (more than one on each elytron) are Fryi, Clk., seminigra, Clk., and 6-vittata, Duviv. Of these I know only the first except by description. The second is described as having its prothorax black with the margins reddish yellow. (I have seen no Oides with prothoracic colors at all approaching this description.) The third is said to have very short antenne not reaching the middle of the elytra, the disc of the prothorax with only a few extremely fine punctures, and the elytra with more than two vittzee—characters which distinguish it from all the species of Oides known to me. The following table shows the characters of the species of this group of Oides :— F 82 A. Prothorax yellow or yellowish, with no (or scarcely any) dark coloring. B. Antenne elongate (not less than ? the length of the body). C. Puncturation of prothorax more or less feeble. D. Two vittz on each elytron ; form elongate- ovate. E. Puncturation of elytra not in the least rugulose ... ii a .. tnsignipennis, Blackb. EE. Puncturation of elytra eli! rugulose Fryi, Clk. DD. Four vittz on each elytron ; form oval tigrina, Blackb. CC. Puncturation of prothorax strong and deep ignota, Blackb. BB. Antenne shorter. C. Elytra with two vittz each ... ocularis, Blackb. CC. Elytra with more than two vittee each ... 6-vittata, Duviv. AA. Prothorax black, with be the eee yellowish seminigra, Clk. O. velata, sp. nov. Bate aie: pallide uses capite postice et elytrorum maculis binis (altera minori basali subrotundata, altera magna subapicali subovali longitudinaliter posita), antennarum articulis 4°—6° ad apicem (et 7°—11° totis) tibiarum apice tarsisque infuscatis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium parum longioribus, articulo 3° quam 2"* duplo longiori 4° sat equali quam 5” sat longiori; capite inter oculos profunde transversim sulcato ; oculos sat prominulis ; prothorace quam longiori paullo plus quam duplo latiori, antice sat angustato, leviter vix crebre punctulato, disco utrinque fovea magna sat fortiter impresso, angulis posticis sat Po pnndatis ; elytris fere ut prothorax punctulatis. Long., 441.; lat., 221. The asa spot on each elytron is transversely subrotundate and is much nearer to the suture than to the external margin. The subapical spot is somewhat obliquely placed; it is twice as long as wide, oval in form but with its front subtruncate, com- mencing not much behind the middle of the elytron and all but reaching the apex. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. O. plantarum, sp. nov. Ovalis ; pallide straminea, elytris pallide brunneo-testaceis, antennarum articulis 2°—4° ad apicem (et 5°-—11° totis) tibiarum apice tarsisque infuscatis; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 3° quam 2" duplo longiori quam 4° vix breviori quam 5" paullo longiori ; capite inter oculos leviter transversim sulc- ato, fronte longitudinaliter impressa ; oculis parvis; pro- thorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antice sat angustato, obsolete punctulato, disco utrinque fovea et postice sulco transverso brevi impresso, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris sparsim subtilissime punctulatis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 2 1. 83 Somewhat resembles 0. antennalis, Baly, but is more narrowly oval in form with much shorter antennz and much less closely and distinctly punctured elytra, &c. N. Queensland. AULACOPHORA. A. denticornis, sp. nov. Testacea, elytrorum parte basali et macula magna subapicali rubropurpureis, pedibus _posticis plus minusve infuscatis ; capite prothoraceque levibus ; hoc quam longiori vix dimidio latiori; elytris distincte punctul- atis ; metasterno nonnihil rubro-infuscato. Maris capite inter oculos profunde biimpresso, utrinque inter partem impressam et oculum sat alte cristato; antennarum articulis basalibus 5 deformibus (sc. basali elongato extus emarginato et dentato, 2° minuto extus dentato, 3° magno triangulari ad apicem extrorsum fortiter producto, 4° quam 3" longiori compresso ad apicem truncato 5° quam 3"° vix longiori ad apicem extus fortiter producto (partis producte margine antico profunde emarginato et biacuto. Femine capite sat quali, antennis simplicibus quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus. Long., 34 1.; lat., 121. The elytra are divided into three somewhat equal zones of color—the basal one-third part purplish red, the middle one-third testaceous, the apical one-third purplish red ; the apical purplish red color however does not quite reach the suture. The male characters in the head and antenne are more strongly marked than in any other Aulacophora known to me. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns. A. cucullata, sp.nov. Fem. Testacea; elytrorum parte basali tertia nigra, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus 4 plus minus infusc- atis, pedibus posticis (femorum basi excepta) fere nigris ; capite prothoraceque obsolete punctulatis ; hoc quam longiori fere duplo latiori; elytris sparsim subtiliter penctulatis ; antennis quam corporis duz partes longioribus, articulo 3° quam 4™* vix breviori. Long., 321.; lat., 2,5, 1. I cannot find among the numerous described species of Aulacophora any the coloring and markings of which bear much resemblance to those of the present species. AGELASTICA. 4 A. (Galeruca) melanocephala, Fab. There does not appear to be any doubt that this species is an Agelastica. It is clearly identical with the Agelastica that Dr, Baly described under the same specific name. Of course Fabricius is the earlier describer to whom the original name must be attributed. I believe this synonymy has not been previously noted. The species stands in 84 Mr. Masters’ Catalogue as Monolepta melanocephala, Fab., and also as Agelastica melanocephala, Baly. CALLIPEPLA. C. sexsignata, Boisd. I have received from Mr. Masters and Mr. French (as taken in tropical Queensland) specimens cf an insect which seems likely to be this scarcely described N. Guinea species. PRASYPTERA. P. Mastersi, sp. nov. Flava; elytris metallico-viridibus vel eyaneo-viridibus, labro (antice) palpis (basi excepta) man- dibulis (basi excepta) antennis (articulo apicali flavo excepto) g genubus tibiis tarsisque piceis ; prothorace trans- versim irregulariter i impresso, leviter punctulato ; elytris sat crebre punctulatis. Long., 41.; lat., 24 1. Differs in coloration and other characters from all the pre- viously described members of the genus, which has not previously (to my knowledge) been recorded as occurring in Australia. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. SASTRA. S. costatipennis, Jac., var. obscuricornis. A typo differt antennis (articulo basali subtus dilutiori excepto) nigro-piceis ; elytrorum sutura (apice angustissime flavescenti excepto) cum superficie concolori, costa interna haud ultra medium extensa. Long., 52 1.; inn 23 1. Although from its large size and differences of coloration this insect appears to a casual glance very distinct from S. costatipennis I think it very likely to prove a mere local form of that insect, to which it is at any rate very closely allied. N. Queensland. MOMAIA. M. eximia, sp. nov. Hlongata ; subparallela; testacea, elytris vitta lata discoidali lete viridi ornatis, antennis tarsique picescentibus ; antennis quam corpus paullo brevioribus, articulo 3° quam 4" manifeste breviori; prothorace leviter transverso, sat equali, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, lateri- bus rotundatis, angulis subtuberculiformibus ; elytris con- fertim minus subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam sequentes 2 vix longiori. Long., 24 1; lat., 1). The bright green vitta on each elytron commences,on the shoulder and runs back widening almost to the apex, so that the common testaceous interval between the two vittze is in the form of a very elongate triangle with its base on the base of the elytra ; the testaceous lateral margin is very narrow. G 8) This species seems clearly to appertain to Jomea on account of its front coxe open behind, bitid claws, unarmed and exter- nally carinate tibix, long antenne, narrow parallel form, «c. The even surface of its prothorax and the not strongly transverse form of the same perhaps render its place in the genus a little doubtful, but I hesitate to separate it on these characters alone. Momea has not been previously attributed to Australia ; it occurs in New Guinea. N. Queensland. DIRCEMA. It has been pointed out by Baron de Harold that Galer cula australis, Bohem., is a member of this genus. It appears probable that this is a correct reference. RUPILIA. R. excelsa, sp. nov. Minus nitida; supra rufa, elytris (parte prope suturam rufa excepta) cyaneis ; subtus rufa (segment- orum ventralium parte antica laterali cyanescenti excepta) ; pedibus (femorum basi rufa excepta) piceis; capite inter oculos inequali, longitudinaliter linea fortiter impresso, parte mediana sat crasse punctulata; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, crebre fortiter subequaliter punct- ulato, sulco lato transverso discoidali bene determinato profunde impresso (hoc margines laterales fere attingenti, sed ad medium paullo minus lato paullo minus profundo); scutello elytrisque confertim sat fortiter (fere subrugulose) punctulatis. Long., 331.; lat, 141. Distinct from its previously described allies by the broad rufo- testaceous stripe forming the inner border of each elytron. Its nearest ally seems to be #. ruficollis, Clk., from which it differs inter alia by the strong subrugulose puncturation of its scutellum, as well as by the coloring of its elytra. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele. NEORUPILIA. NV. ornata, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis (mas) vel oblongo-ovata (fem.) ; minus robusta ; sat nitida ; nigra, antennarum basi genubus tibiis tarsis et elytrorum maculis binis (his in hnmero et prope apicem positis) testaceis ; capite prothoraceque fere levibus; hoc minus transverso, postice sat angustato ; elytris subtiliter sparsius (minus distincte) punctulatis, maris quam abdomen paullo (femine sat multo) brevioribus, ad apicem dehiscentibus; antennis quam corpus (maris) sublongioribus vel (femingz) sat brevioribus, articulis basali- bus 3 testaceis, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 2" paullo longiori, 4° quam 3% paullo 86 longiori (quam 1", et quam 2" 3"* que conjuncti, breviori). Long., 4 1.—1 1.; lat., ,—? 1. The male of this minute Galerucid has a certain resemblance to a small Z'achys. _It is a very pretty and distinct species. In some specimens the pale marks on the elytra are almost white. Victoria ; Alpine region. ADIMONIA. Several Australian species seem to be referable to this genus, with which they agree in the following characters ; front coxal cavities closed (their structure is as in the European A. capree, Linn.); front cox contiguous or all but contiguous; metasternum not prominent between the middle cox ; elytral epipleurz con- tinued well behind the middle of the length of the elytra; tibiz unarmed ; claws of the tarsi bifid ; lateral borders of prothorax well defined ; head considerably narrower than prothorax ; third joint of antenne distinctly longer than fourth joint ; basal joint of hind tarsi about equal in length to the next two joints together ; tibiz more or less carinate on their external margin. The species that I refer to this genus agree well with it in facies and also resemble in facies Dircema (Galeruca) australis, Bohem. In the last-named species the apices of the epimera of the prosternum undoubtedly do not meet the base of the true prosternum but project freely ; nevertheless I cannot satisfy myself that it is any- thing but an extremely close ally of these species which I refer to Adimonia. In Galerucella McDonaldi, Lea the front coxe are closed and therefore that insect ought not to stand in Galerucella; I think it can hardly be separated generically from Adimonia. A. lugens, sp. nov. EHlongata; minus nitida; subtiliter pube- scens ; supra nigro-picea, capite postice antice et ad latera anguste testaceo, prothorace testaceo-variegato, elytris nonnullorum exemplorum in disco vix dilutioribus et utrinque prope scutellum linea brevi testacea ornatis ; subtus obscure livida, piceo-variegata ; antennis nigris, articulo basali subtus et 2' 3' que basi summa testaceis; pedibus piceis, femoribus testaceo-maculatis ; antennis minus robustis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 3° quam 4"* vix longiori; capite longitudinaliter sat fortiter impresso, cum prothorace crebre aspere punctulato ; hoc quam longiori duplo latiori, transverism fortiter impresso, lateribus sat rotundatis ;_ elytris confertim sat subtiliter vix aspere punctulatis. Long., 441.; lat., 24 1. The elytra are almost uniformly pitchy black, when closely ex- amined a small testaceous mark is observed on either side of the scutellum and in some specimens a faint indefinite tendency to .. ia 87 reddish on the disc. On the prothorax there is a large black spot at each angle and a still larger one occupying the disc but not quite reaching the base or front margin. The sulcus of the prothorax is of curved shape and is on the front half of the sur. face ; the surface of the prothorax (the sulcus excepted) is even and the hind angles are rounded, This species, to a casual glance bears much resemblance to a very dark specimen of D. ( Galeruca ) australis, Bohem. Besides the distinctions involved in the above remarks it differs from D. australis by its longer and less robust antennex, its closely punctulate head and prothorax, its closed front coxe, &e. From D. MeDonaldi, Lea (which has closed front cox and ought I think to be placed in Adimonia) it differs widely by its color, much larger size, much longer and less robust antennx, more transverse prothorax of which the hind angles are rounded, &e., &e. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns. A. Mastersi, sp. nov. Sat elongata; minus nitida; subtiliter pubescens ; supra testaceo-brunnea; subtus, cum antennis pedibusque piceo-nigra ; antennis modice robustis, quam cor- poris dimidium subbrevioribus, articulo 3° quam 4% sat longiori; capite inter antennas bituberculato, crebre nec grosse punctulato; prothorace quam longiori vix duplo latiori, ineequali (sc. utrinque spatio concavo magno leviter impresso, et antice spatio triangulari leviter elevato—hoc in medio concavo—instructo), crebre (in spatio elevato triangulari sparsim) punctulato, angulis anticis dentiformibus, lateribus mox ante basin ut dens parva productis; elytris sat crebre sat fortiter punctulatis, lineis nonnullis elevatis vix manifestis instructis. Long., 24 1.; lat., 14 1. A very distinct little species ; from its general facies and the form of its prothorax it should stand I think near A. (Galerweella) MeDonaldi, Lea. It bears considerable general resemblance to the European A. capree, Linn., but inter alia its prothorax is much smaller in proportion to the elytra. N.S. Wales; sent to me by Mr. Masters from the Richmond River District. A. richmondensis, sp. nov. Modice elongata ; minus nitida ; subt- iliter pubescens ; testacea, elytris vitta lata discoidali viridi ornatis, antennis genubus tibiis tarsisque infuscatis ; antennis sat robustis, quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo 5° quam 4" sat longiori ; capite confuse nec grosse ruguloso, longitudinaliter leviter impresso ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, ante medium late transversim leviter concavo, crebre subtilius (antice magis crasse) punctulato, lateribus sat rotundatis, angulis anticis sat acutis (vix 88 prominulis) posticis obtusis; elytris confertim subtilius punctulatis ; unguiculis bifidis sed lobo interiori brevi. Var. ! maculatifrons differt capite macula magna nigra ornata, elytrorum vittis in sutura conjunctis et versus latera minus extensis. Long., 34 1.; lat., 12 1. I do not know of any vitivinaaae dessribed species resembling this in coloring. The var.? maculatifrons does not seem to differ from the type except in respect of its markings and in the sculp- ture of its head scarcely rugulose. N.S. Wales; sent tome by Mr. Masters from the Richmond River District ; the var. ? is from Queensland. SOLENIA. S. Cowleyi, sp. nov. Late ovata; nitida ; supra testacea, elytris ceruleis; subtus antice (capite prosternoque) testacea, postice (abdomine) picea, mesosterno et metasterno testaceis plus minusve infuscatis ; antennis piceis (articulis basalibus 3 testaceis) ; pedibus testaceis, posticis cum tibiis tarsisque omnibus plus minusve picescentibus; capite lato levi; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo 3° quam 2" sesquilongiori; prothorace convexo, quam longiori vix duplo latiori, vix manifeste punctulato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis subdentiformibus, ad_ basin utrinque fovea impresso ; elytris sat crebre minus subtiliter (puncturis in parte antica subseriatim pa glad in parte postica sat obsoletis) punctulatis. Long., 24—2+1.; lat., 1i—12 1. v o This genus has not, I believe, been previously reported as Aus- tralian. The above species is no doubt very near S. Albertisi, Jac., but differs from it in several characters—e.g., its yellow scutellum and the well defined and comparatively strong puncturation of its elytra. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns. MICRANTIPHA (gen. nov. Galerweitarun.). Caput convexum, inter oculos transversim sulcatum ; palporum. maxillarium articulus apicalis brevis conicus acuminatus ; oculi sat parvi sat fortiter granulati ; antenne robuste sat elongate (articulo basali sat elongato, 2° 3° que inter se sat eequalibus minus brevibus, 4° quam 3"* parum longiori) ; prothorax transversus, mox ante basin transversim sulcatus ; scutellum parvum ; elytra oblonga ; epipleure fere ad apicem continue ; prosternum inter coxas continuum ; metasternum sat elongatum, antice haud productum ; cox antice clause ; pedes sat robusti, tibiis sat cylindricis posticis breviter mucronatis ; tarsi breves, articulo basali (? maris solum) ili 89 dilatato—posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* vix longiori ; unguiculi appendiculati. The minute insect for which I propose this name has much the appearance of a //alticid, but as its hind femora are not at all more dilated than than those of the other pairs of legs it must be placed among the Galerucides. It does not satisfactorily fall into any of Dr. Chapuis’ “Groupes” of that sub-family, but its non-contiguous closed front cox together with its normal meta- sternum seem to associate it with the Antiphites from which however the presence of a small mucro at the extremity of the hind tibize (I cannot detect any mucro on the other tibiz) seems to separate it. On the whole it has something of the facies of Solenia in miniature and therefore I think will not be far out of place if treated as an aberrant member of the Antiphites, but it is certainly a very puzzling form. M. paradoxa, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis ; sat nitida; setis gracili- bus albis erectis sparsim vestita; brunneo-testacea vel brunnea, antennis apicem versus et abdomine magis obscuris ; capite vix perspicue, prothorace sparsim fortius, punctulatis ; elytris vix striatis, striis sat fortiter nec crebre punctulatis. Long., 2—4 1.; lat., }—,%, 1. One of my examples is smaller and considerably darker in color than the others, with antennz a little longer (about as long as three-quarters of the body). I take its differences to be sexual, but it may possibly represent a distinct species. S. Australia; Eyre’s Peninsula. CANDEZEA. C. sculpta, Blackb. When TI described this species (P. L. 8., N.S.W. 1890, p. 363) I mentioned its very close alliance with C. bimaculata, Jac. and stated that I should have hesitated to consider it distinct except on the ground that bimnaculata was said to have elytra scarcely visibly punctured. I have since obtained a specimen from New Guinea (the habitat of C. hamaculata) evidently conspecific with my C. sculpta and there- fore—although I certainly cannot regard the elytra as “ scarcely visibly punctured,” I think there cannot be much doubt that the two names apply to the same insect and that scwlpta must be treated as a synonym of bimaculata. MENIPPUS. Through the liberality of Mr. Masters I have recently acquired an authentic specimen of VW. cynicus, Clk. (the typical species of this genus). It seems to have been an oversight that M. Lacordaire placed it in the Groupe (alerucites as its metasternum is strongly produced between the middle coxze—a character that 90 refers it to M. Lacordaire’s Groupe Hylaspites. Had I been able to examine a type previously, or had this character been recorded by the author of the genus or by M. Lacordaire, I should not have referred to Menippus the species which I have so referred, — and I now regret to find that they cannot stand as congeneric with JZ. cynicus. They are three in number. ‘The first of them (M. macuircollis) is I now believe a var. of Dircema (Galeruca) australis, Bohem, while the other two (M. elegans and 4-notatus ) may be referred to Adimonia, although M. elegans is by no means a typical Adimonia (approaching Buphonida in its head being scarcely narrower than its prothorax but differing from Buphonida even more than from Adimonia in its claws being scarcely bifid, almost simple). MONOLEPTA. There is no genus of the Galerucides more difficult to charac- terise definitely than this. Mr. Baly (Journ. Linn. Soc. XX.) states that it varies in respect of the closure of the front coxe and in the length of the elytral epipleure, while Dr. Chapuis says that some of its species (having their front coxz open) ought not to remain init and Mr. Jacoby tells us that those with elongate elytral epipleure (in spite of Mr. Baly’s statement that the type of the genus is one of these) ought to be removed. Among the numerous species (attributed to the genus) before me I find considerable variation in the elytral epipleure, but I have not seen any in which I can find that the front coxz are open. These discrepancies of diagnosis occasion me considerable diffi- culty in respect of several new species before me, especially in view of the fact (referred to above) that Dr. Chapuis and Mr. Baly do not seem to mean quite the same by ‘“‘ open” or ‘‘ closed ” front cox. It seems best, under the circumstances to define the characters which in this memoir I regard as those of Monolepta, viz., front cox closed in the sense that the apex of the prosternal epimera is not (as it is in e.g., Luperus) a free pro- jection laid against the surface of the coxa, elytral epipleurze failing (or at least only very obscurely traceable) behind the middle of the elytra, tibie mucronate ; basal joint of hind tarsi at least as long as the following joints together, claws append- iculate. It is extremely difficult, in my experience, to draw a sharp line of distinction between the Groupes Monoleptites and Luperites. In some of the species that I have attributed to Monolepta (M. modesta, quesita, and Benalle particularly) the closure of the front cox is excessively fine and it is possible that they are examples of what Dr. Baly considers species with the cox not quite closed but nevertheless attributable to Monolepta. All ‘gal 91 their tibiz being mucronate and their elytral epipleurz obsolete behind the middle I do not see how they can be placed in Luperus and the basal joint of their hind tarsi is too short for Luperodes, so for the present at any rate they must remain in Monolepta. M. dilutior, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; sat nitida; pallide testacea, antennis apicem versus infuscatis, elytris apicem versus plus minusve obscuris; antennis gracilibus quam corpus parum brevioribus, articulo basali sat elongato arcuato, 2° 3° que brevibus (hoe quam ille graciliori), 4° sat elongato (quam 2" 3" que conjuncti vix longiori, quam 1” sub- breviori) ; capite sublevi, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori duabus partibus latiori, subquadrato, sat fortiter vix crebre punctulato, trans- versim late minus profunde in medio impresso; elytris fere ut prothorax punctulatis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti fere duplo longiori. Long., 13.1.5 lat, $1. Var. elytris totis testaceis. This little species has a more slender and tragile appearance than most Monolepte and has much the facies of a Halticid ; the tarsi of its hind legs are nearly as long as their tibie. The elytral epipleurze are broad near the base and rapidly become extremely narrow before the middle of their length, but are just traceable for an appreciable distance behind the middle. The dark blotch near the apex of the elytra looks as though it were caused by the elytra being sprinkled with a fine smoky dust, and is never very conspicuous. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele near Cairns. M. wmplicata, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; sat nitida; testacea, antennis apicem versus infuscatis, capite prothorace elytris que lineis maculisque piceis numerosis ornatis; antennis gracilibus quam corpus vix brevioribus, articulo basali sat elongato arcuato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" graciliori et dimidia parte longiori, 4° sat elongato quam preecedentes 2 con- juncti vix (quam 1" sat manifeste) breviori ; capite sublevi, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato; pro- thorace quam longiori duabus partibus latiori, fortiter vix crebre punctulato, transversim obsolete impresso, lateribus modice arcuatis ; elytris ut prothorax punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti fere duplo longiori. lLong., 13 1.; lat., 4 1. This species is closely allied to the preceding, though at once distinguishable from it by the markings on its upper surface (also by the more rounded sides of its prothorax, &c.). The piceous markings are a little variable. In an ordinary example 92 they consist of a longitudinal median line on the head; a patch resembling the letter M on the prothorax and also the extreme lateral margins of the same ; and on each elytron a spot near the apex of the scutellum, a short longitudinal line between the spot and the shoulder, a bisinuate longitudinal line from the shoulder nearly to the middle of the elytron, a transverse zigzag line touching neither suture nor lateral margin slightly in front of the middle of the elytron, and two spots near the apex. In some examples these markings are larger and more numerous as well as nearly black in color. In one example (which the discovery of more specimens may possibly prove to be a distinct species as the prothorax seems more feebly punctulate and its transverse impression is scarcely traceable) the markings are black and those on the elytra present the appearance of three coarse vitte (the inner two vitte three or four times interrupted, the external one interrupted only near the base, all of them dilated here and there so as to coalesce in places) and the prothoracic discal markings consist of black lines touching the apex but not the base. I think this form might be called “ var extrema” as I have not seen any specimen really intermediate between it and the type; nevertheless I think its markings are only an extreme develop- ment of those of the type. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele near Cairns. M. fumaticornis, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; sat nitida; testacea, antennis nigris ; antennis minus gracilibus, quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° 3° que brevibus inter se sat eequalibus, 4° elon- gato (quam precedentes 2, et quam 1” sublongiori) ; capite subleevi, inter oculos transversim arcuatim profunde sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, sat crebre sat subtiliter punctulato, transversim sat fortiter impresso ; elytris crebre subfortiter punctulatis ; epipleuris paullo ultra medium sat distinctis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti sesquilongiori. Long., 2% 1; lat., 1. Very distinct by its color, uniformly pale testaceous, except the antenne which are entirely deep black. Thursday Island ; taken by Captain E. Bourke, R.N. M. sparsipennis, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis ; nitida ; flavo-testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 exceptis) et elytrorum maculis singulis parvis basalibus, nigris; antennis sat robustis, quam corpus sat brevioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 2" paullo longiori, 4° quam 1™ (et quam 2" 3"° que conjuncti) vix longiori ; capite inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato, parte postica 93 cum prothorace minus crebre sat subtiliter punctulata ; hoc quam longiori fere duplo latiori, transversim obsolete impresso ; elytris minus crebre minus fortiter punctulatis, epipleuris pone medium obsoletis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti fere duplo longiori. Long., 24 1.; lat., 121. A very nitid species and easily recognisable from all known to me by its color and markings ; it is of a bright testaceous color, with the antennz black (except the basal three joints) and a small black spot on either side of the scutellum. In the unique type the suture bears a small infuscate blotch a little in front of the middle, but as this mark is on one elytron only I suspect it is accidental. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns. M. elytrura, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; nitida; testacea, anten- narum articulo apicali piceo, elytris rufo-piceis latera versus dilutioribus; antennis modice gracilibus, quam. corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo basali sat elongato, 2' brevi, 5° quam 2™ sat longiori, 4° quam 1" vix breviori (quam 2™ 3" que conjuncti vix longiori; capite inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato, vix manifeste punct- ulato; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, sat sequali, crebrius sat subtiliter punctulato ; elytris minus confertim minus subtiliter punctulatis; epipleuris pone medium ob- soletis ; tarsorum posticorum Soe basali quam ceteri conjuncti duplo longiori. Long., 24. 1.; lat., 141. Entirely testaceous except the apical Faia of the antenne which is blackish, and the elytra which are reddish piceous be- come more rufo-testaceous about the lateral and apical margins. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns. M. brevior, sp. nov. Subovata; nitida; brunneo-testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 vel 4 exceptis) piceis, corpore subtus rufo-piceo abdomine excepto (hoc testaceo latera versus piceo); antennis gracilibus quam corpus paullo brevioribus, articulo basali sat elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" graciliori dimidia parte longiori, 4° quam 1". vix breviori (2° 3° que conjunctis longitudine sat squali) ; capite sublevi, inter oculos transverse profunde arcuatim sulcato; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, sat squali, fortiter (fere rugulose) punctulato; elytris sat fortiter sat crebre punct- ulatis ; epipleuris ultra medium indistincte continuis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo longiori. lLong., 141; lat., 21. The distinctly ovate form of this little species (its greatest width being behind the middle of the elytra) is characteristic. In 94 some respects it resembles Af. dilutior structurally, but the com- paratively much shorter basal joint of its hind tarsi forbids its being regarded as a very close ally. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele. M. cognata, sp.nov. Ovalis; modice elongata ; nitida ; testacea, antennis (basi excepta) leviter infuscatis ; his sat robustis, quam corporis dimidinm paullo longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam a manifeste longiori, 4° sat elongato quam 1” (et quam 2" 3"° que conjuncti) sub- longiori; capite subtiliter punctulato, inter oculos trans- versim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, transversim leviter impresso, subtilius punctulato; elytris subtiliter crebrius punctulatis; epipl- euris paullo ultra medium continuis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo longiori. Long., 2s. lat., 1201 This species bears much resemblance to M. fumaticornis, but is smaller, with the antennez (the basal joint excepted) slightly infuscate and the elytra much more finely punctulate. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Koebele. M. biguttigera, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; sat nitida; testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 exceptis) infuscatis, elytris maculis nigris binis (sc. altera rotundata basali, altera elongata prope apicem oblique posita) ornatis; antennis modice robustis, quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2° sat longiori, 4° quam 1* (et quam 2™ 3" que conjuncti) vix longiori; capite vix manifeste punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, transversim minus fortiter impresso, sat crebre minus subtiliter punctulato; elytris fere ut prothorax punctulatis ; epipleuris paullo ultra medium continuis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo longiori. Long., 2 1.; lat., 1 1. A very distinct species on account of the markings on its elytra, consisting of (on each elytron) a small roundish black spot on the base nearer the lateral margin than the suture and an elongate black spot placed obliquely near the apex (this also nearer the lateral margin than the suture). N.W. Australia; sent to me by Mr. Masters. M. variegata, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; sat nitida; testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 exceptis) piceis, elytris plagis nigris (sc. macula lunata basali, macula mediana transversa, maculis 2 subapicalibus oblique positis, et margine apicali) ornatis, metasterno tarsisque infuscatis ; antennis ut preeced ot i a i i ae 95 entis ; capite inter oculos distincte minus subtiliter punctul- ato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; -prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, transversim im- presso, vix crebre minus subtiliter punctulato ; elytris quam prothorax paullo magis crebre punctulatis; epipleuris vix ultra medium distincte continuis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo longiori. Long., 141.; lat., 1. Structurally very near the preceding from which it differs widely in respect of its color and markings—also in several other respects, especially in the much more distinct puncturation of its head. N.W. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. WM. subsuturalis, sp. nov. Elongata; sat nitida; supra pallide brunneo-testacea, prothorace (nonnullorum exemplorum) in- determinate nigro-adumbrato, scutello nigro, elytrorum sutura angustissime nigra, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 fuscis exceptis) nigris ; subtus nigra, pedibus testaceis (tarsis subinfuscatis) ; antennis (maris) quam corpus haud breviori- bus sat robustis, (feminz) brevioribus gracilioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2"* parum longiori, 4° modice elongato (1° et 2° 3° que conjunctis longitudine sat equali); capite sat distincte punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, transversim impresso, leviter minus distincte punctulato; elytris sat crebre subfortiter punctulatis; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 14 1.; lat., $1. This little species bears considerable resemblance to that which I take to be suturalis, Boisd., but differs from it inter alia by its black undersurface. Victoria. MM. eyrensis, sp. nov. Precedenti (M. subsuturali) valde affinis ; differt antennis totis brunneo-testaceis, prothorace distincte punctulato, oculis magis grosse granulatis, elytrorum sutura __ leviter infuscata nec nigra. Long., 121. lat., 31. Very close to the preceding, but certainly distinct on account of the much coarser granulation of its eyes. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. M. tricolor, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; sat nitida; testacea, capite prothoraceque rufis, antennis (articulis basilibus 4 exceptis) et elytrorum sutura (hac sat late) nigris, tarsis plus minusve infuscatis ; antennis quam corpus sat_breviori- bus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° minus brevi, 3° quam 96 2"* parum longiori, 4° minus elongato (quam 1", et quam 2"° 3" que conjuncti, paullo breviori); capite sat fortiter punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sule- ato; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, trans. versim vix impresso, sat crebre sat fortiter subrugulose punctulato; elytris sat crebre sat fortiter nec rugulose punctulatis ; epipleuris paullo ultra medium sat distinctis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 14 1.; lat., $1. This species bears much superficial resemblance to IL. Vroggatti, Blackb., but, besides color differences, is very distinct from it inter alia by its strongly punctulate head and prothorax. Victoria. M. sordidula, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat nitida; sordide testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 exceptis) infuscatis; his sat gracilibus, quam corpus sat brevioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2"* sat longiori, 4° minus elongato (quam 1" et quam 2" 3" que conjuncti sub- breviori ; capite subtilissime punctulato, inter oculos trans- versim sulcato et sub-bituberculato; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, transversim vix manifeste impresso, distincte sat crebre punctulato; elytris crebre subfortiter punctulatis ; epipleuris vix ad medium distinctis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine equali. Long., 121. lat., + 1 (vix). Resembles I. anconspicua, Blackb. from which however it differs inter alia by the puncturation of its prothorax. Victoria ; on the Black Spur and in other localities. M. intertincta, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitida ; testacea, - antennis (articulis basalibus 5 exceptis) nigricantibus, sutura (hac peranguste) corporeque subtus nigris ; antennis modice robustis, quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" manifeste longiori, 4° sat elongato (1°, et 2° 3° que conjunctis, longit- udine sat eequali) ; capite distincte punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato (exempti typici in fronte transversim 3-foveolato) ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, transversim fortiter impresso, subleevi ; elytris subfortiter sat crebre punctulatis ; epipleuris vix ultra medium distinctis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 12 1. ; lat., 2 1. Much resembles M. subsuturalis (of which it is possibly a well- marked local form) but differs from that species in its consider- ably larger size, in the basal five joints of its antennse testaceous, its less infuscate tarsi, &c. Victoria. 97 M. melancholica, sp. nov. Ovalis, minus elongata; sat nitida ; piceo-nigra, capite prothorace que obscure rubrescentibus, pedibus piceo-testaceis (tarsis obscurioribus) ; antennis minus robustis, quam corpus parum brevioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" paullo longiori, 4° modice elongato (1° et 2° 3° que conjunctis, longitudine sat zequali); capite minus perspicue punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato et distincte bituber- culato ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, transversim vix perspicue impresso, leviter punctulato ; elytris subtiliter minus perspicue punctulatis ; epipleuris paullo ultra medium sat distinctis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali Guam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 141. ; lat., 2 Easily recognisable by its small size, dark color, and the fine inconspicuous puncturation of its very nitid elytra. Victoria ; Alpine region. M. ordinaria, sp. nov. Ovalis, modice elongata; sat nitida ; nigra, capite prothorace que flavo-testaceis, antennarum tibiarumque basi plus minusve rufescentibus ; antennis sat robustis, quam corporis dimidium multo (maris) vel vix multo (feminze) longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° sat brevi, 3° quam 2" (maris manifeste, feminz vix) longiori, 4° longitudine 1° sat zquali (quam 2° 3" que con- juncti subbreviori) ; capite obsolete punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, transversim vix manifeste impresso, subtilissime sparsius punctulato; elytris subtiliter minus perspicue punctulatis; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo = quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 14 1.; lat. I. N.S.W.; on the Blue Mountains. M. pictifrons, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis, subparallela ; sat nitida ; nigra, capite supra (fronte summa labroque nigris exceptis) prothorace supra antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium multo longioribus, articulo basali modice elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" manifeste longiori, 4° modice elongato (quam 1* vix longiori, quam 2%° 3° que conjuncti subbreviorl): capite vix perspicue punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulc- ato; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, transversim manifeste impresso, sat distincte punctulato; elytris crebre fortius (fere subrugulose) punctulatis; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 12 1.; lat., } 1. 40 Easily distinguishable by the coloring of its face,—the labrum G 98 and the part behind the transverse sulcus being black while the intermediate portion is yellow. Its nearest previously described ally seems to be M. modesta, Blackb. Victoria. M. piticollis, sp. nov. Ovalis, modice elongata; sat nitida ; testacea, macula frontali maculis in prothorace 2 magnis et elytris (macula magna communi testacea excepta) fuscis vel nigro-fuscis, antennis (basi excepta) plus minusve infuscatis ; his quam corpus paullo brevioribus modice robustis, articulo basali modico, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" sat longiori, 4° modico (1°, et 2° 3° que conjunctis, longitudine sat quali); capite vix perspicue punctulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato; prothorace quam longiori plus quam dimidia parte latiori, transversim vix impresso, subtiliter ° minus perspicue punctulato: elytris leviter minus perspicue punctulatis ; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti manifeste longiori. Long., 2 1.; lat., 1 1. (vix). Readily recognisable by the dark blotch on the middle of the forehead together with another somewhat similar (but larger) on either side of the median line of the prothorax and close to its front margin. The common testaceous area on the elytra seems variable in size and shape,—in some examples being nearly a parallelogram and occupying the larger portion of the elytra, in other examples being considerably smaller and having its shape modified by the dark basal and apical coloring being more or less prolonged along the suture (I have not seen any example in which the suture is wholly dark so as to divide the testaceous spot). Victoria. M. debilis, sp. nov. Ovalis, minus elongata ; nitida ; sordide rufo-testacea, antennis (articulis basalibus 4 exceptis) tibiis tarsis pectoreque infuscatis, abdomine fere nigro ; antennis minus robustis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, articulo basali sat elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2" sesqui- longiori, 4° sat elongato (1°, et 2° 3° que conjunctis, longit- udiue sat sequali); capite fere levi, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, transversim vix perspicue impresso, sparsius sat subtiliter punctulato; elytris subtiliter sat sparsim (quam prothorax paullo magis subtiliter magis sparsim) punctulatis ; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 12 1.; lat., 41. A species of inconspicuous appearance, differently colored from 99 its allies, and with the puncturation of its elytra unusually fine and sparse. Victoria. M. albotincta, sp. nov. Ovalis, minus elongata ; nitida; nigro- picea, tibiis tarsisque dilutioribus, elytrorum lateribus albidis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, minus robustis, articulo basali sat elongato, 2° brevi, 3° quam 2” sesquilongiori, 4° sat elongato (1°, et 2° 3° que con- junctis, longitudine sat zquali) ; capite vix perspicue punct- ulato, inter oculos transversim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, transversim vix impresso, fortius sat crebre punctulato ; elytris ut prothorax punctulatis ; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix longiori. Long., 12 1.; lat., £ |. (vix). Apart from other characters the coloring of this species is so distinctive that it is impossible to confuse it with any of its described allies. Victoria. M.(?) tarsalis, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis; sat nitida; supra sordide testacea hic illic indeterminate infuscata, antennis nigris, pectore abdomineque nigris, pedibus _ testaceis ; antennis robustis, quam corpus paullo brevioribus, articulo basali minus elongato, 2° sat brevi, 3° quam 2" parum longiori, 4° sat elongato (quam 1° et quam 2"* 3"° que con- juncti sublongiori); capite sat magno (quam prothorax haud multo angustiori), distincte punctulato, inter oculos trans- versim profunde arcuatim sulcato ; prothorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, transversim obsolete impresso ; subt- iliter sat crebre punctulato; elytris crebre subtilius (quam prothorax paullo minus subtiliter) punctulatis ; epipleuris pone medium obsoletis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali (? maris solum) valde dilatato, quam ceteri conjuncti subbreviori. lLong., 23 1.; lat., #1. I feel much hesitation in attributing this species to Wonolepta on account of the remarkable dilatation of the basal joint of its hind tarsi, and also on account of that joint being not quite so long as the three following joints together. I cannot, however, find that any other genus has been characterised to which this insect might be referred, and the tarsal character does not seem sufficient to justify the formation of a new genus. S. Australia ; near Quorn. M. croceicollis, Germ. I have not seen any G'alerucid agreeing with the description of this species, but it does not seem at all likely to be a true Monolepta as its author states that the third joint of its antenne is as long as the fourth. 100 The described Australian species of JZonolepta are now so numerous that it seems desirable to attempt a tabular statement of their characters. In the following table I have been obliged to rely more upon distinctions of color and markings than I alto- gether like doing, but this is due to the fact that a good many species probably attributable to Monolepta were described by the earlier authors in terms which gave no information regarding them except in respect of their colors and markings and it seems desirable to include these in a tabular arrangement although there are only two or three of them that I have been able to identify as among the species before me. Ido not think that this is a very important matter, however, as I find that few species of Monolepta vary too much to be confidently separated by such broad distinctions of color and marking as I have made use of. A. Elytra with sheply defined markings. B. The elytral markings transverse. C. Base and apex of elytra not concolorous. D. Elytra red in front, dark behind. EK. Abdomen fulvous .. ... dmidiata, Jac. EE. Abdomen black ... ... divisa, Blackb. DD. Elytra dark in front, red behind... hemorrhoidalis, Fab. CC. Base (at least in its scutellar region) and apex of elytra concolorous. D. The base and apex entirely black. k. An entire median pale fascia Jasciatipennis, Blackb. EE. The pale facia not reaching the lateral margins picticollis, Blackb. DD. Base black around the scutellum, red laterally ; apex black. E, The basal red of the elytra is an isolated spot... angulata, Blackb. EE. The basal red of the elytra i is widely connected with the median red portion ... alpina, Blackb. BB. The elytral markings longitudinal. C. The marking consists in “the suture being black. D. Puncturation of prothorax indistinct or at least very feebly impressed. E. Underside black. F. Species of normal form. G. Hinder part of head black ... Froggatt, Blackb. GG. Head entirely testaceous ... tntertincta, Blackb. FF. Form very narrow and subparallel subsuturalis, Blackb. EK. Underside testaceous “if suturalis, Boisd. DD. Prothorax very strongly and con- spicuously punctured re tricolor, Blackb. CC. The markings consist of a discal dark vitta on each elytron Tepperi, Blackb. CCC. The markings consist of a - whiteish marginal vitta on each elytron ... albotincta, Blackb BBB. The elytral markings consist of isolated spots. 101 C. Apex of elytra black. D. Elytra pallid, with a basal and apical spot black DD. Elytra — with a pale humeral spot DDD. hives ‘or or four large isolated dark spots on each elytron ... CC. Apex of elytra pallid. D. Underside testaceous. E. Two black spots on each elytron (Form elongate)... EE. One black spot (basal) ‘on each elytron (Form normal) . DD. Underside black ... 4 BBBB. Elytral markings different from the preceding. C. Elytra pallid, with a number of fine zig- zag dark lines : CC. Elytra testaceous, with a rose-colored basal patch and subapical spot AA. Elytra without sharply defined markings. B. Elytra dark (i.e., green blue or blackish). C. Head black. D. Prothorax testaceous or red. E. Antenne entirely black EE. Base of antenne testaceous. F. Size small (length less than 2 1.), surfaee nitid . FF. Size larger (length more than 2 21. ); surface subopaque DD. Prothorax black or bluish. E. Apical joints of antenne fulvous EE. Apical joints of antenne dark CC. Head partly testaceous, D. Legs testaceous. E. Size small (length about 14 1. ) (Form narrow) EE. Size larger (length more ae 2 L) (Form normal) . DD. Legs black CCC. Head entirely rufous or testaceous. D. Scutellum dark. K. Size very small (length less than 13 1.), elytra dark piceous £3 EE. Size larger (length about 2 1. Ms aes deep black. DD. Scutellum yellow ... BB. Elytra testaceous, or reddish, or - brownish- testaceous. C. Basal joint of hind tarsi less than half again as long as the rest together. LD. Basal joint of hind tarsi of normal form. E. Upper surface more or less mottled or clouded with a darker tone of color. F. Elytra considerably more closely and conspicuously punctured than dise of prothorax. quadrimaculata, Jae. humeralis, Fab. variegata, Blackb. biguttigera, Blackb. sparsipennis, Blackb. gquadripunctata, Fab. implicata, Blackb. vosea, Blackb. nigricornis, Blackb. modestus, Blackb. Meyricki, Blackb. Germari, Jac. quesita, Blackb. pictifrons, Blackb. occidentalis, Blackb. Benalle, Blackb. melancholica, Blackb. ordinaria, Blackb. lebieformis, Boisd. 102 G. Form very elongate. Elytral puncturation (for a Monolepta) very strony i ... eyrensis, Blackb. GG. Form normal. Elytral punc- turation considerably less strong. H. Antenne (at least of one sex) long robust and (except basal three joints) black ... swmulatriz, Blackb. HH. Neither sex with antenne an. Sh. Ge inconspicua, Blackb. FF. Puncturation of prothorax and elytra uniform or nearly so. G. This puncturation (for a Monolepta) very strong ... sordidula, Blackb. GG. This puncturation very feeble = debi/is, Blackb. EK. Upper surface uniformly bright tes- taceous, without infuscation ... cognata, Blackb. DD. Basal joint of hind tarsi (at least in one sex) strongly dilated.. tarsalis, Blackb. CC. Basal joint of hind tarsi at least half again as long as the rest together. D. Antennz more or less testaceous. K. Transverse discal impression of pro- thorax obsolete. F. Antenne (except piceous apical joint) wholly testaceous elytrura, Blackb. FF. Antenne (except at base) infuse- ate ... brevior, Blackb. EE. Transverse discal i impression of pro- thorax well defined ... ... dilutior, Blackb. DD. Antennz entirely deep black ... fumaticornis, Blackh. CASSIDIDES. CHIRIDA. This genus was founded by Dr. Chapuis (Gen. Col. xi. 405) for certain species attributed by Boheman to Coptocycla and which differ from Coptocycla in their claws being appendiculate instead of simple. Dr. Chapuis says that owing to the slight regard Boheman paid to the structure of the claws in his descriptions of Cassidide it is impossible to specify accurately which of his Coptocycle should enter this new genus ; the only species he (Dr. Chapuis) can answer for as members of Chirida are two from S. America. The following species from tropical Queensland agree sufficiently with Dr. Chapuis’ diagnosis to be at any rate pro- visionally placed in Chirida, although it is quite possible that if they could be compared with the American species on which the genus was founded it might appear necessary ‘to found another distinct genus for these Australian forms. It may be noted that one of the species described below is so near (judging by the de- scription) to Coptocycla Holmgreni, Bohem. that although Boheman does not describe the claws of that insect it is almost sure to be congeneric with the species before me, from which it seems a probable conclusion further that all the other Australian Cassidides described by Boheman as congeneric with Holmgreni must be eliminated from Coptocycla. The following characters in combination distinguish these insects from all the other known Australian Cassidides.:—Head entirely hidden under the front of the prothorax ; claws appendiculate, the basal piece not being pectinate ; prothorax much narrower than the elytra. The two species described below differ infer se so much in size and facies as well as in some structural characters that they might well be treated as generically distinct from each other, but in view of the large number of Australian Cassidides still remaining undescribed it is better I think for the present to be content with describing species and grouping them in genera by a few well-marked characters, as generic classification should be based if possible on plentiful supplies of material. The characters I have mentioned above associate these two together and distinguish them from all other genera that have been attributed to Australia. | 103 C. multicolor, sp. nov. Subrotundata; nitida ; valde convexa ; pallide testacea; supra (marginibus explanatis exceptis) nigro-picea, rufo-ferrugineo-variegata ; antennis fere ad coxas posticas attingentibus, subfiliformibus, articulis 3°—5° inter se sat zqualibus (quam 1" gracilioribus paullo breviori- bus, quam 2" gracilioribus sat longioribus); prothorace transverso, fere zequaliter elliptico, fere levi ; elytris leviter interrupte striatis, striis grosse punctulatis, antice retusis, pone scutellum vix distincte gibbis, humeris callosis; tarsorum articulo apicali ultra preecedentem vix excedenti; corpore subtus fere levi. lLong., 3 1.; lat., 23 1. The markings of the convex discal portion of the upper surface are as follows:—On the prothorax this portion is ferruginous with a short broad blackish vitta running forward a short dis- tance from the base and dilating at its front; on the elytra the discal part is blackish with the following parts ferruginous—the scutellum and a spot on either side of it, on each elytron a little behind the scutellum a V-shaped mark having its apex on the suture, on each elytron behind the middle a subsutural spot, also the lateral and apical edges of the discal part (this edging being dilated inward about the middle and near the apex). The ferruginous parts are slightly raised and are_ probabiy metallic when the insect is alive. The explanate margin is wide and sloped downward; at its widest part it is con- siderably narrower than the interval between it and the suture. The prothorax is almost exactly of the figure that is known in mathematics as a section of an elliptic spindle and is 104 sunk between the prominent and somewhat acute humeral angles of the elytra to its lateral angles which are obtuse. This species is probably near Coptoeycla Holmgreni, Bohem., but I judge from the description of that insect that znter alia it differs much from the present one in color and marking. N. Queensland ; taken near Cairns by Mr. Cowley ; also sent to me by Mr. Masters. C. maxuma, sp. nov. Scutiformis; nitida; valde convexa ; pallide testacea, antennarum parte apicali nigra, elytrorum parte discoidali rufescenti nigro-variegata ; antennis fere ad coxas posticas attingentibus, parte dimidia apicali quam basalis nonnihil robustiori, articulo 3° quam 2" vix longiori, 4° quam 3" fere duplo longiori, 5° quam 4" (et 6° quam 5"5) sat breviori, 6°—10° inter se sat equalibus, 11° quam 10°° sat longiori; pruthorace transverso sublevi, angulis lateralibus subacutis ; elytris hic illic striis brevibus punctu- latis impressis (in aliis partibus fere levibus), pone scutellum alte gibbis, humeris leviter callosis; angulis humeralibus rotundatis fortiter (sc. ultra prothoracis angulos laterales) productis ; tarsorum articulo apicali ultra praecedentem manifeste excedenti; corpore subtus fere levi. Long., 6 1. ; Waits, 2) ls The markings on the convex discal portion of the elytra are as follows :—On the retuse portion in front some inconspicuous blackish clouds, a linear interrupted blackish marking or series of marks running obliquely from the humeral callus to the suture at about its middle, an irregular blotch of blackish color near the apex of the suture which is obsoletely continued along the suture to its actual apex (on the explanate border). The form of the prothorax is peculiar; at either extremity of the front (evenly curved) outline (which represents I suppose the front and lateral margins) the outline is sharply rectangular ; from this angle the prothorax narrows strongly hindward, its outline on either side being nearly an oblique straight line; this straight line at its hind extremity merges without a defined angle into the sinuate horizontal base which in the middle is moderately lobed hindward. The gibbosity behind the scutellum (in reality it includes the scutellum) is very pronounced (amounting to a large conical protuberance), the front slope of which bears a large deep fovea on each elytron. The explanate margin of the elytra is very wide, being at its widest part scarcely narrower than the interval between its inner margin and the suture. The fourth joint of the antenne distinctly longer than any other joint except the first and eleventh is a very distinctive character. The appendiculation of the claws is, even more markedly than in 105 the preceding species, of the peculiar form that Dr. Chapuis attributes to Chirida. That learned author says that the structure is not quite that which the term ‘ appendiculated ” indi- cates; but that the base of each claw is dilated in such fashion as to produce the appearance (if the two claws be looked at from in front of them) of their basal parts being connected by a kind of erect quadrate lamella. The front margin of the prothorax does not project far beyond the head ; when the antenne are pro- jected forward the apex of the basal joint is visible from above. N. Queensland ; near Cairns. C. (2) tacunata, sp. nov. Breviter late ovalis (vel potius sub- quadrata) ; nitida; sat convexa; supra _ rufo-ferruginea, margine explanato (prothoracis toto, elytrorum in medio solum) testaceo translucido; capite (parte antica nigra excepta) antennis (parte apicali vix infuscata) pedibusque testaceis ; corpore subtus nigro (abdominis apice testaceo) ; antennis elongatis ad coxas posticas attingentibus, articulo 3° quam 2" graciliori et paullo longiori, 4° quam 3" sat longiori, 7°—11° clavam laxam minus dilatatam formanti- bus ; prothorace fortiter transverso, sat equaliter elliptico, levi (puncturis nonnullis sat magnis ante basin positis exceptis) ; elytris pone scutellum haud gibbis, vix striatis, striis sat regulariter punctulatis (puncturis in striis sat parvis), humeris sat callosis, angulis humeralibus rotundatis minus productis ; corpore subtus sparsim perspicue punct- ulato; tarsorum articulo apicali ultra precedentem vix excedenti; unguiculis appendiculatis (in sensu _ solito). Long., 24 1.; lat., 2 1. The claws of this species are very difficult to examine without breaking them off as they scarcely project from the penultimate tarsal joint and are recurved in form so as to be closely applied to its under surface. They are divergent (7.e. having their dorsal border lying in the direction,—or nearly so,—of the longitudinal line of the tarsus) and are appendiculate in the ordinary sense of the term, the front claws being more markedly so than the others (perhaps in one sex only). This species is difficult to place in Dr. Chapuis’ classification of the Cassidide ; the only subfamily characterised as having the head covered by the prothorax and also the claws appendiculate is the Chiridites,—but in its single genus (Chirida) the appendiculation of the claws is of the peculiar structure mentioned above (under C. maxima), whereas in the present insect it is of ordinary structure. It would perhaps be justifiable on this ground to find a new generic name for this species, but for reasons mentioned above it seems at present de- sirable to avoid multiplications of genera for the Australian 106 species of this family ; at any rate under the condition in which I find myself of not having available for comparison a large collection of Cassidide from all parts of the world. As a species this insect is very easily recognisable. The red color of its elytra extending over the explanate margin (which is fairly wide, but at its widest considerably narrower than the interval between it and the suture) except on a conspicuous yellow transparent patch placed at about the middle of its length characterises it quite unmistakeably. N. Queensland ; given to me by Mr. French. C. simplaria, sp. nov. Subrotundata; sat nitida; sat convexa ; testacea, supra parte convexa discoidali indeterminate obscuriori; antennis fere ad coxas posticas attingentibus, subfiliformibus, articulis 3°—5° inter se sat eequalibus (quam 1° gracilioribus vix brevioribus, quam 2" gracilioribus multo longioribus) ; prothorace transverso fere squaliter elliptico, vix manifeste punctulato, parte discoidali a margine explanato sulculo interrupto curvato et 4-foveolato leviter impressa distincta ; elytris vix striatis irregulariter fortiter seriatim punctulatis, hic illic irregulariter (et longitudinaliter et transversim) areis leviter convexis instructis, pone scut- ellum haud gibbosis, humeris callosis; tarsorum articulo apicali ultra preecedentem vix excedenti; corpore subtus fere Hevi., Long., 25.1.5 lat., 227. An almost uniformly brownish testaceous insect, with the con vex portion of the upper surface here and there more decidedly brown than the rest of the surface. Not quite so nitid as is the preceding (C’. multicolor) and distinguishable also by the convex disc of the prothorax being separated from the explanate margin by an exceptionally distinct but much interrupted furrow in which there are four well marked large impressions. The shoulders of the elytra are rather strongly projected forward (reaching the middle of the prothorax), their front angles being obtuse. The more or less smooth (somewhat convex) spaces on the elytra are very ill defined and consist of two or three trans- verse and obliquely longitudinal patches placed in the neigh- borhood of the front half of the suture. The prothorax is very finely and closely but scarcely distinctly punctulate. N. Queensland ; taken near Cairns by Mr. Cowley. CASSIDA. C. Adelaide, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat nitida; convexa; rufo- brunnea, corpore subtus obscuriori, antennis apicem versus picescentibus ; his brevibus (vix ultra coxas intermedias attingentibus), articulo 3° quam 2° graciliori et sat longior ; Eee 107 (4° sat equali), articulis ultimis 5 clavam laxam formantibus (10° fere transverso quam 11" fere duplo breviori); pro- thorace quam longiori dimidia parte latiori, antice late rotundato, postice sat fortiter bisinuato, subtilissime coriaceo et sparsim vix perspicue punctulato; elytris punctulato striatis, puncturis in striis crebre positis sat magnis, inter- stitiis discoidalibus latis leviter convexis. humeris vix callosis, angulis humeralibus obtusis modice productis, marg- inibus punctulatis minus latis; corpore subtus subleevi. Dong., 22 1.; lat.,.13 1. Distinguishable from C. mera, Germ., and C. denticulatas Bohem., inter alia by the non-denticulate sutural apex of its elytra, from navicella, Bohem., by its head and undersurface not being black, &c., and from perpusilla, Bohem., by its much larger size. 8. Australia. C. prothoracica, sp. nov. Late breviter ovalis, postice angustata ; sat nitida; sat convexa ; brunneo-testacea, antennarum parte apicali elytris et corpore subtus plus minusve infuscatis ; antennis fere ut precedentis (C. Adelaide) sed clave articulis paullo magis elongatis ; prothorace fere ut przced- entis sed antice multo magis anguste rotundato ; elytris vix striatis, seriatim punctulatis, inter series interstitiis haud convexis, humeris leviter callosis, angulis humeralibus minus obtusis modice productis, marginibus vix distincte punctul- atis minus latis; corpore subtus sublevi. Long., 14 1. ; lat., 1,3, 1. Distinguishable at once from the previously described Aus- tralian species of the genus by its non-striate elytra, the rows of punctures being separated by flat interstices. The infuscation of the elytra is variable and ill-defined consisting of a few elongate blotches of which the most constant appear to be two placed obliquely one on either side of the scutellum. N.S. Wales; taken by Mr. Sloane near Mulwala. ASPIDOMORPHA. A. planipennis, sp. nov. Rotundata; minus convexa; nitida ; testacea ; antennarum apice, elytris (maculis 3 magnis transversim positis exceptis, sc. 1 communia basi ad mediam partem suture extensa et utrinque macula ovali in margine explanato paullo pone basin posita), nigris; elytris pone scutellum haud gibbis, vix (striis subsuturali et externa exceptis) postice obsoletis, callo humerali sat prominulo, angulis humeralibus obtusis, margine explanato quam discus nullo modo angustiori, disco medio paullo pone basin fovea profunda impresso. 108 Var. macula communi elytrorum nigromaculata, maculis lateralibus ad marginem extensa, et macula in margine explanato prope apicem addita. Long., 5 1.; lat., 44 1 The notable character in this species is the great width of the explanate margins of its elytra which at their widest are fully as wide as the interval between the suture and the external stria. The insect is allied to A. ramulopicta, Wag., from which it differs imter alia by the character just cited, by the absence of a yellow spot in the front black part of the explanate margin, and by the elytra being without any gibbosity behind the scutellum and being much less evidently striate. N. Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley near Cairns; the var. taken by Mr. Masters. A lauta, sp. nov. Rotundata ; modice convexa ; nitida ; testacea ; prothoracis elytrorumque disco plus minusve brunnescent- ibus; horum sutura (plus minusve manifeste) et notula subsemicirculari (hac ab angulo humerali introrsum curvata, in discum paullo extensa et marginem lateralem paullo ante apicem attingenti) ferrugineis; elytris pone scutellum fortiter gibbis, aliter ut preecedentis (_4. planipennis). Long., 42 1,; lat., 32 1. Owing to the colors of this species being all various shades of testaceous or reddish-testaceous they present a washed-out appearance which seems constant and characteristic. The only marking that is at all well-defined is a ferruginous curved mark on the elytra which commences at the humeral angle and curves inward (reaching about its middle just on to the discal side of the external stria) arriving at the lateral margin again a little before the apex. It is distinguished from most of its allies by the antennz being constantly unicolorous. The explanate margin of the elytra (as in A. planipennis) is at its widest fully as wide as the interval between the suture and external stria. N. Territory of 8S. Australia; near Port Darwin. A N. Guinea species (which I have been unable to identify) is near this one but has elytra almost impunctulate. : COCCINELLID A. RHIZOBIUS. R. secessus, sp. nov. Breviter late ovalis ; valde convexus ; minus nitidus; pube albida suberecta et setis longioribus magis erectis vestitus; ferrugineus, metasterno piceo, antennis pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis ; capite prothoraceque crebre subtiliter, elytris sat subtiliter (sed quam prothorax sat fortius) crebre, punctulatis ; prosterno medio longitudinaliter e} Dy, spatio depresso antice sat angustato utrinque subt-. iter carinato. lLong., 141. ; lat., ae lL. my tabulation of the species of Riieobive (Tr. Roy. Soc., ., 1892 pp. 257 dc.) this species should be placed along with 5 discolor, oe and Hvansi, Muls., from both of which it naire 110 NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE NINETY=MILE DESERT. By Epwarp VINCENT CLARK, B.Sc. [Read April 14, 1896.] Prats, I. The geology of the area enclosed between the River Murray on the north and west, and the Victorian frontier on the east, is little known, with the exception of the more southerly portion, where the Eocene beds of the Mount Gambier District are found. The object of this paper is to bring into notice several Tertiary deposits occurring in or near the Ninety-Mile Desert. The Mount Gambier beds are fairly well known, and have frequent outcrops from Kybybolite, where they have an altitude of about 300 feet, and Narracoorte, 279 feet, to MacDonnell Bay, where they pass below sea level, thus having a dip of about three feet per mile, as Kybybolite—according to the Rev. Tenison-Woods, the most northerly point in this district having an Eocene outcrop—is about 100 miles from the coast. A well sunk at Bordertown by the Railway authorities re- vealed a polyzoal limestone some distance below the surface, and a short time ago I obtained several fossils from various wells, five or six miles south of Bordertown. The matrix of the bed is very similar to that of the Mount Gambier Eocene, being almost a pure limestone, composed mostly of broken pieces of polyzoa, with a few large fossils. This limestone forms the base of the wells, which are about 70 feet deep, but as, unluckily, I was not present at the digging of any well, Iam unable to say how near to the surface these beds extend. As the Bordertown Rail- way Station is 268 feet above sea level, these beds have an alti- tude of about 200 feet, or perhaps more. According to the dip, above mentioned, of the Mount Gambier beds, they should have an altitude of about 400 feet, but although they may originally have had this altitude and have been worn down before the de- position of the present surface material, this is not likely. Still, considering the similarity in the lithological features of the bed here and further south, there is no reason to doubt the continuity of the Bordertown bed, and the Eocenes of Narracoorte and Mount Gambier. The fossils found at Bordertown were not numerous, either as 111 regards species or specimens, but by searching the debris round various wells I obtained the following :— Pecten polymorphoides, Zittel Pecten Gambierensis, 7'en.- Woods Amussium Zitteli, Hutton Waldheimia divaricata, 7'ate Terebratella Woodsii, 7’ate Terebratulina catinuliformis*, Z'ate Magasella Woodsiana, Tate Psammechinus Woodsii, Laube Hemiaster planedeclivis, Gregory Lovenia Forbesii, Z’enison- Woods Scutellina patella, Z'ate. also numerous polyzoa, and the carapace of a crustacean. With the exception of the Pecten Gambierensis, which is per- haps only a variety of P. polymorphoides, all the above-named species occur in the River Murray cliffs, while only five, namely Pecten Gambierensis, Amussium Zittelli, Terebratulina catinuli- formis, Magasella Woodsiana, and Scutellina patella are to be found in any part of the Mount Gambier series, so we see here that while the character of the stone agrees with that of the Mount Gambier deposits, the fauna it contains has greater affinity with the beds of the Murray Cliffs. By the kindness of Mr. J. W. Jones, the Conservator of Water (to whom my sincerest thanks are due for supplying me with material from various bores, and also for many suggestions con- cerning this paper), I acquired some fossils obtained at a depth of 200 feet from a well at Pinnaroo; and as the altitude of that place is only about 250 feet, these fossils were found not far above sea level. However, I saw no samples of stone from any other part of the well; and so these may easily have been found near the base of the Eocene deposits there. The fossils were mainly in the form of casts, with the exception of several pallio- branchs, including Waldheimia Garibaldiana, W. grandis, and Magasella compta. Besides these there were recognisable, as far as casts ever can be determined, Cucullea Corioensis, Cassis exigua, a Conus, and one or two Cypreas. This bed is clearly Murravian, both on lithological and on paleontological grounds, and so we have a connecting link between Bordertown on the south and the River Murray on the north, Pinnaroo being nearly midway between. In all probability bores put down north of Bordertown would reveal the polyzoal limestone of Mount * Nore.—This species is usually known as TZ. Dawvidsoni. As another species has this name the Australian shell has been re-named as above by Professor Tate. 112 Gambier, becoming more and more arenaceous, with a correspond- ing decrease of polyzoa and increase of the mollusca, till at Pin- naroo we get the almost typical Murravian bed. The chief objection to this view is that if the dip of three feet per mile, as shown between Narracoorte and Port MacDonnell, were continued northwards, the Murray Cliffs should be about 1,000 feet above sea level, excluding the Miocene covering ; whereas the Eocenes of the Murray rarely reach an altitude of more than 200 feet. Still, this is not a very serious objection, as we saw that the beds at Bordertown are not nearly so high as they would be according to this dip, and so we might very reasonably consider that the beds further north ought to have very little dip at all, if any, or perhaps they may undulate to a small extent. The country to the west of Bordertown, to the Murray, is practically a geological terra incognita. As the ground descends considerably from Bordertown along the line, so that at Wirrega, 13 miles away, the altitude is 210 feet; and at Keith, 15 miles further, only 101 feet, one might expect an outcrop of the polyzoal limestone to occur; but I have been unable to hear of any such outcrop,—and it is improbable that one could exist without being known,—so we may assume that there is none such. However, at Coonalpyn, Ki Ki, Tintinara, and Emu Flat bores have been put down by the Government ; and the Conser- vator of Water, Mr. Jones, allowed me free access to the boxes of samples of stone obtained from them. Each bore meets Eocene strata at a moderate depth below sea-level, and of considerable thickness, while all four bores show great similarity in the beds through which they pass. Ki Ki, the most westerly bore, is situated on the railway line about 105 miles from Adelaide, or nine miles west of Coonalpyn. The mouth of the bore is 68 feet above sea-level, and the total depth of the bore 666 feet. For a depth of 145 feet, or to 77 feet below sea-level, unfossil- iferous limestones are found. Then comes a bed of Eocene polyzoal limestone, having a thickness of 195 feet, but containing few fossils other than polyzoa. This bed is met with in each bore, and from it I have obtained Terebratulina lenticularis, T. catinwli- formis, Magasella sp., Salenia tertiaria (?), and Scutellina patella. Below this in eachebore is found a black clay intercalated with fossiliferous sands, In the Ki Ki bore these clays and sands alternate for 108 feet, or to a depth of 380 feet below sea level, when the bed rock is met with at first a light colored clay, becoming by degrees much harder till at the base of the bore, 600 feet below sea level, it becomes almost a slate. The black clay is very noteworthy. It varies from a brownish 113 color, in some places containing a few bits of fossil shells, to an intense black, with no visible trace of fossil remains at all. It is usually highly carbonaceous, and in the Coonalpyn bore at one point actually becomes a lignite, which will burn if held in a flame, though like charcoal it does not give out sufficient heat to keep alight by itself. In each bore the first deposit below the polyzoal limestone is a band of this clay, but after that the different bores vary in their arrangement of the sand and clay. This sand contains at Ki Ki numerous polyzoa and a goodly number of gastropods, with a few lamellibranchs, nearly all very small, and all showing signs of being greatly worn, proving the deposit to be littoral. Professor Tate gives the opinion that these shells more nearly resemble those of the Adelaide Eocene beds than those of any other deposit, though many of them appear to be new species. Here we see, as at Aldinga (which is pretty well identical with the Adelaide deposits) that the polyzoal lime- stone overlies the bed containing gastropods. At CoonaLpyn the bore is very similar, except that the altitude of the various beds differs a good deal. The surface of the bore is 72 feet above sea level, and the un- fossiliferous limestone has a thickness of 75 feet. Then come the polyzoal limestones, extending to a depth of 262 feet, 7.e., having a thickness of 259 feet. Next we have the intercalated sands and clays for 196 feet, the bed-rock being reached at a depth of 458 feet, while the bore descends 758 feet below sea-level. There is no great difference between the beds in this and in the Ki Ki bore, except that the sand beds here contain very few fossils except polyzoa, though careful searching reveals a few gastropods, among which is a Zwrrite/la, very like, if not identical with, Turritella Aldinge. We see also that the sands and clays have a much greater thickness here than at Ki Ki, the difference, 88 feet, being mainly at the bottom, and due to the slope of the bed-rock. The Trntinara bore is peculiar in that the unfossiliferous lime- stone overlying the Eocene in both other bores is here entirely absent, and in its stead we find a deposit of recent shells of a thickness of 154 feet, 2.e., extending to 92 feet below sea-level. Then the polyzoal limestone, instead of being 250 feet, as at Coonalpyn, is reduced to six feet, the black clay, which here is not so carbonaceous, being met with at a depth of 98 feet. The sands associated with this clay appear to be fairly fossiliferous, but the bore only reaches a depth of 191 feet (or to 253 feet from its mouth), and consequently the bore ends in Eocene beds. Emu F ar is situated about five miles from the railway, Keith being about the nearest point. Here we find the Recent or Pleistocene beds of the Tintinara bore absent, but the unfossil- H 114 iferous limestone of Coonalpyn and Ki Ki has reappeared. This deposit descends to 21 feet below sea-level. Then the polyzoal limestone succeeds for a thickness of 88 feet, and at 109 feet below sea-level the clays and sands begin, the latter in this bore containing very few fossils of any sort whatever. The bore only goes down 168feet below sea-level, and does not bottom the EKocenes. The relative positions and depths of these four bores are shown on the accompanying horizontal section, together with a well- section at Bordertown, and the section of a bore situated four miles east of Wellington, the latter recorded by Prof. Tate. (Trans. Roy. Soc. vol. IV., p. 144). The mouth of the bore near Wellington is near sea-level, and for 56 feet are met the polyzoal limestone, and below for a little over 100 feet are sands and clays, which, although unfossiliferous, probably correspond to the lower of the Eocene beds shown by the four bores ; the bed- rock was just about reached at the bottom, 167 feet below sea- level. If the lines of demarcation are marked out on the map as far as possible, they will be found very irregular in shape, and the thickness of each bed varies greatly, the irregularity of the line of separation of the Eocene polyzoal limestone and the under- lying clays, apparently showing that their formation depended partly at any rate, on purely local causes, as we cannot consider the intercalated sands and clays to have been denuded into their present shape to make room for the overlying polyzoal limestone. It seems probable that this limestone is a continuation of the somewhat similar beds at Bordertown, and unites them to the Murray beds at Tailem Bend and Wellington. If this is actually the case, we have very good evidence to show that the Aldinga and Adelaide gastropod-beds are older than the Eocene beds of the Murray since, as mentioned before, the sands of the Ki Ki Bore seem to closely approximate in their fossils to the Adelaide beds. A peculiarity about the more recent deposits overlying these Eocenes, is the fact that in the Tintinara Bore alone do we meet with recent marine shells, while we get here none of the un- fossiliferous limestone which in each of the other beds overlies the Eocene limestone. These fossils bespeak an extremely recent age, Pleistocene if not Post-pleistocene, and it seems strange that they are not met elsewhere. The probabie explanation is, that at Tintinara, (as in the other bores) in post-Eocene times the Eocene deposits became covered with this unfossiliferous limestone, pre- sumably a land formation, but that subsequently it was worn away at Tintinara, and with it very likely some portions of the polyzoal limestone, which is here reduced to six feet in thickness, 115 and then very recently this gap was filled up by a sandy material containing these shells, which are in a very good state of pre- servation. The relationship of these beds is shown on the diagram, representing a section along the railway line from Bordertown to Tailem Bend. The Eocene beds of the Mount Gambier district are entirely isolated from all other Eocene deposits, not only by their position, far removed from all other places where outcrops occur, but also by their fauna, which, with the exception of polyzoa, is extremely limited, consisting of about. sixteen molluscs and six echinoderms, many of which are widespread forms. However, by the wells at Bordertown and Pinnaroo, we see the probable continuity of the Mount Gambier beds with those at Overland Corner, while the four bores in the Ninety-Mile Desert show that the same beds, at a lower depth, join on to the Murray Beds at Tailem Bend, and thus it is safe to say that the Murravian and Mount Gambier Eocenes are portions of the same deposit. Then also the similarity of the fauna of the sands met with in the Ki Ki bore with that of the Aldinga marls, would show that these two beds were deposited at the same time, from which we might infer that the polyzoal limestone which overlies the marls at Aldinga is contemporaneous with the similarly composed beds resting on the sands and clays, as shown in the accompany- ing diagram, and therefore with the Mount Gambier and the Murravian deposits. Still, we see from the four bores above described that the line of separation of the sands and clays from the overlying polyzoal rock is very irregular, which tends to prove that, although on the whole the sands are the older of the two beds, nevertheless they were being deposited at the same time in localities very near together, and that therefore local causes had a good deal to do in determining their deposition ; so that considering how far removed are Aldinga and the Murray Cliffs, we might be making a mistake in saying that the Aldinga marls are older than the Murravian limestone, though this is probably the case ; and at any rate we may be fairly safe in con- cluding that no period of any length separated their formation. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE. Since the above was written Professor Tate has examined fossils from the Eocene sands of the Ki Ki bore (380-424 feet below the surface) and has identified the following species and genera :— Terebratulina, sp. (prob. fry of T. Scoulari, Zate). (passim). Crassatella communis, Zate. (passim.) 116 Carditella, n. sp. Limopsis multiradiata, Zate. (Aldinga.) Plagiarea cainozoica, Zate, (passim.) Trophon, sp. aff. polyphyllus, 7.-Woods. (Muddy Ck., Spring Ck., Mornington.) Triton, sp. indet. Tritonidea, 7. sp. Nassa! sp. Ancillaria ligata, Tate. (Aldinga.) Trivia, 7. sp. aff. T. pompholugota, Zate. Turritella, sp., worn (prob. T. Aldingze, Yate). (Aldinga. Cape Otway.) EKulima, . (7) sp. Ataxocerithium concatenatum, Yate. (Aldinga. Muddy Creek.) Triforis, sp. (Aldinga.) Lovenella, 5 spp. Litiopa, n. sp. Rissoa, sp. (Muddy Creek.) Rissoa, 2 n. spp. Liotia Roblini, Zate. (River Murray, Muddy Creek, Table Cape. ) Delphinula, 2 ”. spp. Phasianella, 7. sp. Leptothyra parvula, 7’.-Woods. (Muddy Creek. Corio Bay.) Leptothyra, sp. Calliostoma, sp. Euchelus, sp. Meretrix, sp., indet. Amphihelia striata, 7’.-Woods. (Aldinga.) nm. sp. signifies not identical with any belonging to other Eocene sections in Australia. The names in brackets after various species are the localities whence those species have already been obtained, ‘ passim” denoting a species found at all, or nearly all, Australian Eocene outcrops. Professor Tate remarks, with regard to the fossils tows ensemble, “Specimens usually much broken, or juvenile ; hence specific determination not admissible, or only by trouble- some comparisons, which time has not permitted to be given.” This accounts for the large number on the list unnamed. Of those that have been worked out, we have in all 23 species, of which ten are hitherto unrecorded, and three widely distributed ; while of the others six have been found at Aldinga and Adelaide, four being till now unrecorded elsewhere, and five at Muddy Creek, to which place, however, only one is peculiar. Thus we ee! Vol. XX, Plate I. “STOGWAS “[PA9] BOS WOT] 400% OJOUEP solNnSIg “Your [ 03 3e0eF OOS ‘TBOAICA “Gouy [ OF sopyur OT ‘TezuozT10R —: e[sog ee MOTLORS. RN WO \~ \ Ws IGG \Y / f i if VYWNILULL OEE RNG NAATWNOOQN Wf SMV Tef SIO ee — = ee | a 2 + ~ eg ee eee ie ae ; ; i ; w a . - ; Bice Wet on at ae en eae Lay eh ae ry fh iy : Tae ’ ; ' iF : a : ce, an ‘ } ie 2 mk : Nee =f 4 a Pa ent wy lal a ees a ne Be alt rw tes hy Ain se ' nj es HAN + » 7 race i i : : 7 ee? > spe ) S oe eng Se ye? EN ak ay MT abe ne Rete fut tee Sag] | a vo or op a - a 7 - — ~~. ts Wy Pee 1° «@ * d 117 are justified in saying that the fauna more resembles that of Aldinga than of any other locality. From the Tintinara bore, at a depth of 244 to 253 feet, were obtained the following lamellibranchs among other molluscs not yet worked out :— Leda planiuscula, Zate. (Aldinga.) Leda sp. aff. leptorhyncha, 7'ate. Limopsis insolita, Sowerby. (Aldinga, Spring Creek, Cape Otway). Arca n. sp. aff. A. equidens, 7'ate. Cardita (?) n. sp. 118 CORRELATION OF THE MARINE TERTIARIES OF AUSTRALIA. PART IIL, SOUTH AUSTRALIA anv TASMANIA. WitH GENERAL REMARKS AND APPENDICES. By Professor RatpH Tate and J. Dennant, F.G.8., F.C.8., &e. [Read May 5, 1896.] Puate II. CHAPTER I. SoutH AUSTRALIA. I. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EOCENE STRATA. The chief areas occupied by deposits of this epoch are :— 1. The plateau terminating in the sea-wall extending from Wilson Bluff on the West Australian Boundary to the Head of the Great Australian Bight.* The coast section has been described. 2. Spencer Gulf.—Point Turton in the southern part of Yorke Peninsula is an outlier of polyzoal limestone +, also about the shore of Wallaroo Bay, and extending inland to Boor’s Plain. 3. St. Vincent Gulf—The west shore extending from Edith- burg to near Black Point is occupied by cliffs of polyzoal lime- stones ; a representative section is that of Surveyor’s Point ; outliers occur to the north of Black Point in the neighbourhood of Ardrossan. § On the east shore-line of St. Vincent Gulf, older Tertiary strata developed beneath Adelaide and its immediate vicinity have been described. || The older Tertiary sections, displayed in the sea-clifis of Aldinga Bay, to which reference has been made in some of the above-quoted papers, have not been described in detail, an omis- sion that it is now sought to supply. A brief summary was, * Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aus., II., pp. 102-111, 1879. + Tate, id., XIII., pp. 112-114, 1890: + Pritchard, id., XV., pp. 179-180, 1892. § Tepper, Roy. Soc. S. Aust., II., pp. 72-76, 1879. || Tate, id. V., p. 40, 1882; XIII., p. 180, 1890. 119 however, published in 1878 (Tate, Roy. Paes S. Aust., I, p. 121) as under :— a. Lacustrine clays, no fossils.. : 48 ft. b. Upper Aldinga Series, calciferous sand- stones and impure limestones with oyster banks ve 22 ft. c. Lower Aldinga Series, consisting of beds of a most diversified character clays, lime- stones, and sands, rapidly replacing one another in horizontal and vertical exten- sion oy a bd. . 80 ft. A correlation with ied sabes was attempted te the same author, op. ez. IT., p. liii., and at p. ivill. the term Eocene was applied to the Lower Aldinga Series, and that of Miocene to the Upper Series. 4. Kangaroo Island.—The small outlier of Eocene limestone near Kingscote, first indicated by Peron, has been described by Tate, op. cit. VI., p 122, 1882. 5. River Murray Piri. —The literature relating to the geology of this extensive area, as well as detailed descriptions of the sec- tions, age, and correlation, has been dealt with by Tate, op. cit. VIL. pp. 24-41, 1885. 6. Mount Gambier District.—Tenison Woods’ “ Geological Ob- servations,” London, 1867, embodies the chief literature relating to the geology of this area. Mr. Edward V. Clark, in a paper read this year before this Society submits proof of the subter-connection of the limestones of the Mount Gambier area with the more arenaceous beds of the Murravian area, and indicates the occurrence of deeper-seated sands, the fossils of which seem to be part of the fauna character- ising the inferior beds of the Aldinga section. II. M1ocENE AND ITS RELATION TO EOCENE. 1. River Murray Cliffs.—The oyster-beds or Upper Murravian Series were detached from the underlying Eocene calciferous sandstones on paleontological data, but re-examinations of the section in the cliffs at Nor-West Bend leave no doubt of a genuine erosive surface between the two sets of beds. 2. Adelaide.-—Burr* was the first to describe the lithological features of the beds on which the city of Adelaide stands, and considered them to belong to the Tertiary period, without assign- ing any definite age. Sturt recognised, however, that these beds * ** Remarks on the Geology of South Australia,” Adelaide, 1846. 120 were of ‘“‘the same kind of fossil formation as that on the banks of the Murray.” This correlation applies to the Miocene only. 3. Aldinga Bay and Hallet’s Cove, east side of St. Vincent Gulf. Only the basal part of the Miocene Series is here fossiliferous, and because of the prevailing sandy matrix, the majority of the fossils are in the state of casts, though occasionally, when the matrix is more consolidated and somewhat calciferous, the tests of the fossils occur as pseudomorphs after calcite, though those originally calcitic are unaltered. The fossiliferous Miocene beds directly overlie those of the Kocene, and the. stratigraphical discordance between them is marked by erosive surfaces, more or less of the nature of pot-holes, but more particularly by the transgression of the Miocene over the edges of the Eocene strata, which have a higher dip; this feature is most discernible in the face of the cliffs extending from the jetty southward towards Schnapper Point for a length of a hundred chains. The topmost of the hard arenaceous bands of the Miocene in Blanche Point, which is at an elevation of 80 feet above sea-level, declines to high water-mark at Schnapper Point in a distance of two miles, corresponding with a dip of 1 in 132. In Maslin’s Beach to the north of Blanche Point, the echino- dermal bed of the Eocene shows a dip of 2° 7’ in approximately the same direction, that is south-west, as that of the observed inclination of the Miocene to the south of the jetty ; but moreover, in the north face of Blanche Point, which has approximately an east and west bearing, the Eocene strata have a dip of 5°, whilst the Miocene beds are apparently horizontal. At the mid-part of the Aldinga Bay section the Miocene con- sists, in the basal portion of sharp sands and calciferous sand- stone, and in the upper portion of unfossiliferous blue clays, which change to the northward into red mottled sands and sandy clays, also unfossiliferous. Beyond the limits of the occurrence of Eocene beds to the northward, as about Pedlar’s Creek (sections 353, 356, 359, see map), the base of the Miocene is a conglomerate, resting on Archean rocks, succeeded by a calciferous sandstone more or less commingled with pebbly grit in which fossils occur ; the upper- most and larger part of the sections consists of variously colored sands and sandy clays. The finest sections of this type occur from a little north of Witton Bluff, by the mouth of the River Onkaparinga to beyond Black Point, forming the north headland of Hallett’s Cove ; beyond this the Miocene thins off and is re- presented by the conglomerate-base, which on the cliffs at Marino, south side of Holdfast Bay, is covered by the mammaliferous drift of the Adelaide Plain. 121 The section at Hallett’s Cove is as follows :— Feet Red and grey argillaceous sands hi ek ii8O Sand-rock Ae te oie er ba coll Sands (yellow)... dey OO White chalky limestone, with much sharp quar tz-sand interspersed ; fossiliferous pick ay wise wat 135 The common fossils are Potamides sp., Pecten antiaustralis; P. consobrinus, Spondylus Aldingensis,* Placunanomia Lone, Ostrea arenicola, Anapa variabilis, Laganum platymodes, and Orbitolites complanata. Ill. THe Eocene oF ALDINGA Bay. Though a reference to this most important and instructive section was published as early as 1878, yet as previously stated, no detailed description has been given. The characteristic features of it are:—-The varied nature of its sediments, the largely unique fauna, and diverse life-groups co-ordinate with the change in sedimentation. The Eocene beds occupy a continuous section of nearly three miles in length, commencing about 40 chains due north of Blanche Point, and terminating southwards on the approach to Schnapper Point, where they descend below sea-level, but they reappear on the extreme south of Aldinga Bay. (See map.) The Eocene and the overlying Miocene occupy a small basin of low-level country bounded all round, except the sea-frontage, by more elevated country occupied by Archean rocks. The most inland occurrence of Eocene strata is at Tintaro (Section 681, Hundred of Willunga) about five miles due East from the coast. The maximum inclination of the Eocene strata is 5° in a direc- tion W. 10°S., from which is deduced an increasing altitude in an easterly direction; this is partly corroborated by a few well- sinkings and quarries situated at various distances, up to a mile or so from the coast. The occurrence of bedded deposits with Turritella Aldinge at elevations up to 250 feet in Maclaren Vale (sections 126, 127, 137), and of blocks of a siliceous rock charged with Eocene fossils at an elevation of 600 feet at Tintaro (section 681), cannot be accounted for on the basis of the observed dip of the coastal sections ; but they point to a basal deposit having a slope corresponding with that of the surface on which they rest. * Pecten spondyloides, mihi, proves to be a Spondylus, and as the original species-name is incompatible with the revised generic location, it is altered as above.—R.T. 122 The diversified material composing the Eocene strata as seen on the coast, the arrangement of the material, and an increasing altitudinal range passing inland, point to a large fan-like accumu- lation adjacent to a sinking land-surface with a sea-scarped front, over which the sediments have been poured down. If such has been the case, it is not possible to determine the thickness of the mass on the basis of an observed inclination and horizontal exten- sion of the deposit ; moreover, it appears as we recede from the main locus of accumulation that the nature of the material changes, and finally gives place uniformly to a polyzoal limestone, such as characterises the line of sea-cliffs on the west side of St. Vincent Gulf. And it is noteworthy that this last deposit, uniform in itself, contains the more widely diffused organic re- mains ; the more local sediments have for the most part restricted species. A similar, but smaller, basin is that which has its chief locus of accumulation in Witton Bluff, being separated from the former by the Archean outcrop, which extends inland from near the mouth of Pedlar’s Creek. It is impossible by words to adequately convey to the mind the changing nature of the Eocene sediments composing this section, but as making some approach in that direction, a few vertical sections at varying intervals throughout the whole cliff frontage are now presented :-— NortuH oF BLANCHE Point, Masuin’s Bay (1) IN ALIGNMENT OF E. & W. Roap BETWEEN SECTIONS 374 AND 375. ft. in. ( Greenish marly sand rock and mottled (red 30 8 and white) sand rock sf roi 52 ft. Whitish-yellow nodular impure limestone ly Fait White and brown sands in courses Bocuua Glauconitic limestone ... Hd: af She 4 0 6S ft passing into sand + SA 4 a 0 i Tron-shot sand, drift- bedded — 3. i. fol High-water- mark sys sé NortTH OF BLANCHE Point, Mastin’s Bay (2). Recent travertine and soil is ae ox 5 6 Green marly sand-rock . ... about 12 0 Red and white (mottled) sand-rock ... about 25 0 MI0CENE. Raggy white calcareous sand-rock __... ~ 6 6 64 ft. 6 in. Fine yellow sand.. Le White calcareous sandy clay with calcareous bands Ae 19 10 Glauconitic white limestone, very ‘fossilif- acai erous, rich in echinoids and palliobranchs 4 0 89 ft. 8 in Greenish colored sands somewhat calcareous 11 0) +) camaiat rae Brown iron-shot sands (teeth of Zamna sp.)... 24 8 High water-mark Fy) —— 123 SoutuH ProsEcTION OF BLANCHE POINT (8). ft. ins RECENT. Soil and travertine a oe Sasi ee — Whitish sand clays bos Site ™ \ 38 0) Red and greenish clays ... irs : Rubbly limestone A 776 rari e . White arenaceous limestone (fossiliferous) i. PQ ; White sand : oe ft We Gil 6 8 Cavernous limestone __... ts. a ae 3 9 Red sand with oysters ... as -. a 2G Brown sandy marls + 29 0 Blackish calcareous clays, in bands, with in- Eocene. durated surfaces... 10,4 58 ft. 4 ins. Ditto, with courses of turritellze and nodular limestone... ae ae oat tree. 0 Low-water mark 120. 9 Crier Section, NortH oF JEtTry, AND SoutH oF BLANCHE PornT (4). Miocene. 14 ft. Grey limestone ... se dar ... about 14 0 Yellow calciferous sand.. ... about 24 0 Polyzoal bed—a coarse sand and small gravel with polyzoa (at certain points this bed is exclusively composed of polyzoa com- eceie’ pacted into a fissile, current-bedded . 40 ft. 10 ins monk eS : , Fine grey sand with small gravel Os. 10 Green and yellow clayey sand . ie ie Brick-red clayey sand eed Brown, and yellow and brown, , clayey sand... 2 3 Black clay, very fossiliferous”. ; lag ee High water-mark, below which argillaceous limestones appear. Port WILLUNGA JETTY (5). Soil and travertine A ie ve 13.9 Gis 10 Blue clay . 41 0 Rubbly grey limestone mixed with sand in MIOCENE. lower part ; casts of fossils ae sad? 60 ft. 4 in. Arenaceous calcareous bands with interca- 9 lated sands.+ Oyster bed, at a eepge of 11 4 ft. 3 in. from top. ae \} Unconformity. EocENE Calciferous sand-rock with hard concreted | 19 ft 6 th portions at top and siliceous bands at; 19 : ] | bottom.t —.. eye £ ¥ | High water- mark. “Common fossils—Chione cainozoica, Limopsis insolita, Triton tortirostris. +Common fossils.—Ostrea arenicola, Pecten lucens, P. subbifrons, P. antiaustralis, Spondylus Aldingensis (Pecten spondy/oides), Laganum platymodes, tSealaria Mariew, Waldheimia fureata, W. suffata, Magasella Woodsiana, Pecten Eyre:, Fibularia gregata, Graphularia senescens. 124 SoutH Sipe, ALDINGA Bay. Front of ‘red loam ” cliffs faced by a mural line of calcareous rock, largely made up of echinodermal and polyzoal debris ; the upper part rather harder and weathering ruggedly and fantas- tically ; the lower part hollowed out into caves and tunnelled through to the “ red-loam” at the back. Height of wall about 20 ft. Dip apparently west ; the whole seems as it it had been thrust forward by the weight of the “ red loam.” The glauconite limestone is rich in palliobranchs and echino- derms, some of the former and most of the latter being confined to it. The lower portions of the Turritella-banks of Blanche Point contain very few species, though densely packed with Zwrritella Aldinge, and with Entalis subfissura common. Towards their upper part, species occur in considerable numbers, and individuals abound ; among the commoner ones may be mentioned :— Peristernia Aldingensis, Murex sublevis, Triton oligostirus, Voluta pagodoides, Ancillaria ligata, various species of Plewrotoma, Erato pyrulata, Trivia avellanoides, Natica Aldingensis, Amussiwm Zitteli, Leda Huttoni, L. planiuscula, L. apiculata, L. leptorhyncha, Arca equidens, Cardita latissima, Meretrix tenuis, Corbula pyxrdata, Myodora lamellata, Terebratulina triangularis, Trocho- cyathus heterocostatus, Notocyathus Tateanus, Bistylia adherens, and other corals. The marls which succeed are sparsely fossiliferous, and the fossils are not always obtainable in good condition, but the best time for collecting is in fine weather, just after a copious rain. For the most part, the species have ascended from below ; but a species of Potamides may only be obtained here. Continuing south to the cliff section No. 4, the marls pass to the condition of a black clay, containing many of the species belonging to the Blanche Point marls, of which Limopsis insolita is profusely abundant, and of large size; hence the bed has been called the ‘‘ Limopsis-clay.” The calciferous sand-rock so extensively developed on the south side of Port Willunga Jetty does not contain a great variety of fossils, though individuals are fairly abundant ; the chief species, except among the Polyzoa, are:—DPecten LHyrei, Waldheimia furcata, W. Garibaldiana, W. sufflata, Scalaria Marie, Eupatagus decipiens, Maretia anomala, Antedon sp., Graphularia senescens. In the following summary and table of species belonging to the Adelaide and Aldinga sections, account is taken of the Eocene strata only. I. PALZXONTOLOGICAL SUMMARY. ALDINGA AND ADELAIDE (EOCENE). ft | No. of Species, No. of Restricted Species. Pisces... 2 0 Cephalopoda eF. on 2 0 Gastropoda AS wal 182 126 Scaphopoda tr 3 ] Pteropoda bis | 1 1 Lamellibranchiata | ‘Wi 35 Palliobranchiata ... 7 25 F Polyzoa ... 7 16 Echinodermata 22 7 Zoantharia | 14 9 Total | 379 202 With this total of 375 species, 184 genera are represented, being an average of little more than two species to each genus, which is a high pro- portion of diversity. Though only two genera are peculiar, viz, one bivalve (Limarca), and one coral (Bistylia), yet the stratigraphical distribution of several genera is of a high antiquity :—Plagiarca, Plesiotriton, Clavilithes, Conorbis, Mesalia, and Ampullina among Mollusca; Paradoxechinus, Holaster, Cardiaster, and Hemiaster among Echinodermata ; Notocyathus, Trematotrochus, Conos- milia, Cyathosmilia, and Graphularia among Zoantharia. Of all the Australian sections they are the richest in in Palliobranchs and Kchinoids. The living species of Mollusca (except Polyzoa) are Saxicava australis and Rhynconella squamosa, or two in a total of 290, which equals °69 per cent. The percentage of restricted species is 54, whilst a considerable number of the extra-limital species are in common, either separately or collectively, with Cape Otway and Spring Creek. Il. LIST OF EOCENE FOSSILS. ALDINGA AND ADELAIDE. {Index numbers to localities :—1, Cape Otway; 2, Table Cape; 3, Spring Creek; 4, Geelong; 5, Birregurra; 6, Camperdown; 7, Gellibrand; 8, Muddy Creek; 9, Murray River; 10, Mornington; 11, Bairnsdale ; 12, Mount Gambier. | GASTROPODA. Typhis tripterus, Tate ... Bat ** tetraphyllas, Tate, n. sp. - Murex calvus, J'ate at Cem | ‘* manubriatus, J'ate =) mrons, Tite ... Sel Ree CR Ee ‘* Adelaidensis, 7'a/e pe. ee ** tenuicornis, Tate Ya a ** subleevis, Zate ... Pe. eS aes ee nb ai ** asperulus, ? Tate ees) neem ass =! Af Ae = ** prionotus, Jate ... eck. X Aum: > = 126 Murex tridentatus, Tate ‘ ‘¢ sp. (aff. M. tesselaris) ... Muricidea torquata, J’ate " hypsella, 7'ate iy Ja monotropis, 7'ate - icosiphyllus, 7'ate . Triton cribrosus, Vate . . hy all ** oligostirus, Tate.. : 6é sp. Epidromus nodulatus, 7'ate Plesiotriton Eyres, Tate (Cantharus) .. Fusus cochleatus, Tate .. “= ‘seulptilis, Tate, ... an ‘¢ — (Tectifusus) tholoides, Pit) 33. i — ie I al ae Ta Clavilithes incompositus, Tate. 1 e sp. (indet.) .. - Cominella pertusa, Tate tf pumila, Z'ate Peristernia Aldingensis, J'ate . a apicilirata, Jate .... - a actinostephes, J’ate. - f sp. (aff. P. Mur- rayana) ... Sone Voluta protorhysa, Tate ik oy, seribresa, Pate .«.: wat aye “¢ pagodoides, Tate asi tna Mitra varicosa, Tate... wi? Sey ** complanata, T'ate... see ‘ subcrenularis, J'ate SUS ‘ citharelloides, Tate Biiad ‘ pumila, Tate (Peristernia) - — - Marginella Aldinge, Tate ao re n“ n “ MS subwentworthi, 7. Woods +: th dy submicula, 7ate 4 ene ee sulcidens, Tate LOPE Oliva Adelaide, Tate ... Pgs |": Ancillaria ligata, Tate ... eee e subgradata, Tate Harpa Clarkii, Tate Columbella eryptacris, 7'ate Cancellaria ptychotropis Tate... - - a6 turriculata, Tate. <.‘\l=ue “e micra, Tate... a4 2 2 spp. ame = Trichotropis angulifera, Tote ae BS tabulata, Tate 4) a triplicata, Tate ede i interlineata, Tate - ‘s costata, Tate ie, 6 fenestrata, Tate ... -- - Conorbis atractoides, Tate ... - - Daphnella, 3 spp. ae Re yy Raphitoma, 4 spp. cee os Se 1, TG ear Surcula, 14 spp. ... Pleurotoma sp. Metula ? sp. Cypreea ovulatella, Tate - ed Seca Tat Trivia av Siatioidce, M cCoy ** pompholugota, 7'ate Erato australis, Yate “© pyrulata, Tate Crossea princeps, 7'ate ... Sealaria (Punctiscala) pleura, Z'ate BS (Cirsotrema) Marie, Tate uf i? “6 (Cirsotrema) pleio- phylla, Tate - (Cirsotrema) sp. oh ta (Hemiacirsa) lampra. Tate Natica Aldingensis, J'ate ‘* Hamiltonensis, 7’. Woods Ampullina effusa, J'ate.. Calyptrea placuna, Tate Capulus circinatus, Tate Calyptropsis arachnoideus, Pate Torinia Simsoni, Tate ... ‘¢ ephamilla, J’ate Discohelix sp. ... Turritella Aldingz, Tate Mesalia stylacris, Tate .. Mathilda bicarinata, Tate re cribarioides, Tate - umbilicata, Tate Thylacodes actinotus, Tate = asper, Tate... a Adelaidensis, Tenagodes occlusus, 7’. Wds.... Eulima aeutispira, 7. Wds. “* Dane, T. Was. mee SD. = a Niso sp. (aff V. psia) ... Turbonilla, 5 spp. Aclis sp. Odostomia, 4 spp Eulimella, 2 spp.. Dialopsis? sp. ... Ataxocerithium ? 2 spp. Pyrazus Aldingensis, Tate Triforis reversa, Tate ce 55) spp. Colina pagoda, Tate Lovenella triserrata, J'ate = 8 spp... Rissoa, 2 spp. Liotia, 2 spp. Cyclostrema, sp.. Tindstoma princeps, Tate clathr: ata, bo: wo, Pais ams ' Ww: , wwe, ' vs ec ire CS ee Tee eae fie ~I : rss, 9 10 Astralium, 2 spp. Leptothyra sp. Diloma, 3 spp. Solariella, 2 or 3 spp. Kuchelus sp. “Ae Basilissa Cossmanni, Tate Calliostoma, 3 SPP. Astele sp. Emarginula, 3 spp. Triploca ligata, Tate Actaeon, 3 spp. Leucotina sp. 5 Bulimella angustata, Tate os callosa, T'ate.. Entalis Mantelli, Z¢te/... ‘¢ subfissura, 7'ate Dentalium triquetrum, T'a/e Styliola annulata, Z'ate... LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Ostrea hippopus, Tate non Dk. Gryphaea tarda, Hutton Dimya sigillata, Tate 2 **. ‘disstonlis: Tate... ? Placunanomia sella, TJ'ate Anomia cymbula, Tate ... Pecten Aldingensis, Zate 128 — PTEROPODA. ?=Gryphaea tarda passim -_ ‘¢ econsobrinus, J'ate, var. or Nn. sp. << Kyrei, Tate ‘¢ Flindersi, Tate... ‘* —_Hochstetteri, Ztte/ ne Peroni, Tate aoe subbifrons, Tate Amussium Zitteli,. ‘Hutton Hinnites Corioensis, McCoy Tama Bassi,<7. Wds. ... ‘* polyactina, Tate ... Limatula Jeffreysiana, Tate ‘¢ polynema, Tate Limea alticostata, Tate... 1 : ae aa | ‘SCAPHOPODA, lt 2 1 2 e 3 3 passim 1 2 ‘¢ sp. (aff. L. transenna) ... pee sui, 2D he ty Spondylus gaederopoides, McCoy .. ! aie Avicula nasuta, Tate Vulsella laevigata, Tate Perna sp. Modiola Adelaidensis, Tate ts sp. (aff. M. albicostata) ey.” Mytilus sp. , Modiolaria arcacea, Tate - subgranosa, Tate 10 N.Z. 10 N.Z. 10 N.Z. Crenella globularis, Tate Nucula semistriata, Tare Leda apiculata, Tate ... ** Huttoni, 7.-Wds.... ** leptorhyncha, Tate *¢ planiuscula, Tate... Limopsis insolita, Sow * multiradiata, Tate o- ae a SEs Limarca angustifrons, Tate Pectunculuscainozoicus, 7’. Wds. a lenticularis, Tate Arca (Fossularca) equidens, Tate ee vA e a” dissimilis, Tate ‘* pseudonavicularis, Tate... Plagiarca cainozoica, Tate Barbatia limatella, 7'ate Cucullaea Adelaidensis, Ta/e .. Crassatella aphrodina, non T. Weds. (2) s communis, 7'ate* 5 corrugata, Tate Mytilicardia alata, Tate - curta, Tate... Cardita latissima, Tafe ... Carditella lamellata, Tate Se radiata, Tate ie rugosa, J'ate ... Chama lamellifera, 7. Weds. Cardium monilitectum, Tate ‘* hemimeris, Tate Chione cainozoica, 7’. Wds. ‘* multitaeniata, Tate t ... Meretrix tenuis, Tate Dosinia imparistriata, Tate Tellina porrecta, Tafe ... Myodora lamellata, Tate ‘ tenuilirata, J'ate Thracia perscabrosa, T'ate 5 sp. bis P Corbula pyxidata, 7’ate i? Cuspidaria Adelaidensis, Tate... a latesuleata, J’ate Saxicava australis, Lam. Jouannetia cuneata, Tate Teredo Heaphyi, Zttel... Aspergillum teredina, V’ate Clavagella lirata, Tate ... PALLIOBRANCHIATA. th, Terebratula Aldingz, Tate = bulbosa, Tate - subcarnea, Tate .. * C. astartiformis non Nyst, i C. multilamellata non Br, aya he Bal Y Lire. 4 ee a ho 14 eo ee 1 3.N.Z 2. ares Cee passim New speci — 2.3 - o 1 ND) 5 - es 8 Recent EIGO 1. (GON, Terebratula vitreoides, 7. Wds. - 2 3 4 Ww aldheimia fimbriata, Tate 1 : furcata, J'ate ed © Deel es insolita, Tate 1 ee: are i Johnstoniana, Paige - +> fie oa pectoralis, Zate ... - - a sufflata, J'ate Seige ns Mtge ae fe? Wateana; 2'.- Vda - —~2 ae oe Vincentiana, Tate. - - - Terebratella furculifera, Tate . N.Z. Ley pentagonalis, Tate - 27 - ce Tepperi, Tate... - ° - Terebratulina catinuliformis, Tate * - Terebratulina lenticularis, Tate - 2 Scoulari, Yate... - ay triangularis, Tate 1 a sp. as ee aa Magasella compta, Sow. i ee . deformis, Tate wa eh ole ts Woodsiana, Tate -. 1 25 =. eS apr) -.F. > sin Pee See Rhynchonella squamosa, Hutton - 2 - 4 ECHINODERMATA, Cidaris Australie, Duncan ]. 2S ane UZ SOT > is hf ioe) Salenia tertiaria, Tate ... «© globosa, Tate ... SE ee Paradoxechinus novus, Laube.. - ke) egy Psammechinus Woodsii, Loube) = Soe Fibularia gregata, T'ate.. sic) Cassidulus longianus, Gregory... a an ae Australiz, D. (Echi- nobrissus). is ee Sera Echinolampas _ posterocrassus, Greg... = Ait gs Echinobrissus Vincentinus, Tate 2a ee Holaster Australie, Duncan ... 1 - 3 - Cardiaster tertiarius, Gregory... -- - - “ latecordatas, Tate.:- = = se = Hemiaster planedeclivis, Greg. - - - - Eupatagus.cor-anguinum, Tate - - - - Meoma decipiens, Tate... ase” tee ea Maretia anomala, Duncan ... - -°- - Astrogonium sp,.... aa on AU ares P= Pentacrinus sp. ... nS son NG Antedon sp. au site a eae ZOANTHARIA. Flabellum distinctum,#Hdw.d@dH. 1 - 3 - Notocyathus australis, Duncan - - 3 - KS Aldingensis, T. . Wds. ... Lo tevemet ae oe Tateanus, 7. Was. oP vate) 9 Re Ye Distyia adherens, TT Waa, .. 0 mee eee op t a ie 1 “J, 1s .. Great Australian Bight oe om? olan} 9 10 1) 8? - 10 11 12 “ge (RS 9 i) 12 Bie) le 9 10 N.Z 9 uJ = ey) cn - (N. A 9N.Z Rent. 9 : ne Te OQ eslbee Le a 38. Gy * Slee 9 . : 9 10. =~ ‘Nomen mutand, _T. Davy idsoni, Ether idge fils, » non King, ‘1871. vw 131 Trematotrochus fenestratus, 7’. Was. Sed ACE = Gar aed | oa nae " heterocostatus, 9 Ai, ech i 03 ae aie eee a Amphihelia RE RRR a ee CEE. WS. ... te Sm Semmumreontortm, ©. Wds.... - -° - -9 -* = sso os el Cyathosmilia laticostata, Hie ee he ee ee a) Pe mw se tenuicostata, T. Weds. . ed hen sisal eines oc). s Cladocora contortilis, T. VW Re a er Sunrre Benescens, Tate <= 3 - 3S - =) ee Re le Cyaprer II. TABLE Caps, TASMANIA. This section has been so fully described by Johnston, ‘“ Geol. Tasm.” that after a visit of inspection little can be added. But it is noteworthy that the bed richest in fossils is the basal one, or Crassatella-bed ; the overlying Turritella-bed, so called from its profusion of two small species of that genus, shows a remarkable poverty in species, while all, except the few echinoderms, are common to the Crassatella-bed. A gradual diminution in species and individuals arrests the attention as we rise in the section, so that at last the top of the Turritella-bed shows barrenness, and merges into unfossiliferous beds. No stratigraphical interruption from base to summit can be observed. The Turritella-bed has acquired exceptional interest from the fact that it has furnished the remains of a marsupial, and there- fore the most ancient as regards Australia. The study of the block stone containing this unique fossil does not permit of an explanation of its occurrence other than that of its embedment in original soft sediment. The Table Cape section thus presents most pronounced littoral deposits, gradually merging into a lacustrine formation. We append a list of fossils revised from that given by Mr. Johnston, and have indicated those for whose denomination we hold ourselves responsible ; and until actual comparison with the Aldinga types be made it will not be safe to accept those alleged to be in common with restricted species of the Aldingian basin. Mr. Pritchard’s paper on ‘“‘ Table Cape Fossils” only reached us a few days before this paper was read, so that its critical con- sideration is deferred ; but it may be stated that Mr. Atkinson’s collection, which forms the basis of Mr. Pritchard’s report, was studied and named by one of us in 1893, when on a visit to Table Cape, though it is evident that gentleman has since increased his 132 collection by the addition of the smaller species of Mollusca, as then urged upon hin. We catalogue 303 species from the Table Cape beds, summar- ised as follows :— Zoantharia 21 Echinodermata 8 Crustacea... ne 4; 1 Palliobranchiata 18 Lamellibranchiata (6) Mollusca ~ Scaphopoda ROWS Gastropoda 170 Cephalopoda 1 Pisces ; is 4 Mammalia 2 The Polyzoa and Foraminifera are not included in our list. Hight species of Mollusca out of the above total of 267 are re- corded as still living, viz., Rhynconella sqwamosa, Myodora brevis, Chamostrea albida, Limopsis aurita, L. Belcheri, Pectunculus laticostatus, Ostrea hyotis, Dentaliwm lactewm, and the proportion of recent species is therefore 3 per cent. By excluding Pectunculus laticostatus and Limopsis awrita from the list, for reasons subsequently given, this percentage will be rednced to 2:2. LIST OF TABLE CAPE FOSSILS. Being Addenda and Corrigenda to List in Johnston’s Geology of Tas- mania, 1888, pp. 229 et seq. !Species studied. *Type Specimens from Table Cape. ZOANTHARIA. ! Trematotrochus fenestratus, 7’. Was. Notocyathus viola, D. ‘ excisus, D. DELTOCYATHUS ITALICUS, and H. Ceratotrochus McCoyi, D. (fide Ty Wideo shu: 05: 1876;rpally Antillia lens, D. Flabellum Victorix, D. Js pedicellare, Tate Duncani, 7. Wds. es CANDEANUM, Hdw.&H. (coll. E. D. Atkin- son! F. distinctum apud Pritchard) Placotrochus elongatus, D. Edw. ! ! * sc ' by deltoideus, D. Conosmilia anomala, D. nf striata, D. Heliastrwa Tasmaniensis, D. Thamnastriea sera, D, ee Tasmaniensis, D. * 8 ee? ote Paleeoseris Woodsii, D. *! Astrangia tabulosa, Tate *!Dendrophyilia epithecata, D. (syn. D. Duncani, T. Wds.) ! Balanophyllia Australiensis, D. ECHINODERMATA. Cidaris, sp. ! Echinolampas —_ posterocrassus, Greg. ? (Hobart Mus. ! speci- mens crushed or ill-conditioned) ! Kupatagus Murrayanus, Laube ? (Hobart Mus ! specimens crush- ed or ill-conditioned) Lovenia Forbesi, T. Wds. (coll K. D. Atkinson! var. minor ; var. Ktheridgei. ) *!Conoclypeus_rostratus, Tate (Micraster brevistella, Hobart Mus. !) ! Fibularia gregata, Tate *! Monostychia Etheridgei, Johist. Schizaster abductus, Tate (coll. K. D. Atkinson. ) Ee 1 133 CRUSTACEA. Balanus amphitrite, Darwin (coll. R. M. Johnston !) PALLIOBRANCHIATA. *! Terebratula vitreoides, 7. Wds. ! ce Sp. * ‘Waldheimia Tateana, 7’. Wds. ! aa Garibaldiana, Davidson i furcata, Tate _ Johnstoniana, Tate ; ca grandis, 7. Wds. a Taylori, Eth. Corioensis, McCoy _ pectoralis, Tate ? * ! Terebratulina Scoulari, Tate (coll. E. D. Atkinson !) rh catinuliformis, Tate 7 lenticularis, Tate ? 7 triangularis, Tate Terebratella Tepperi, Tate aS Woodsii, Tate ! Magasella Woodsiana, Tate (coll. E. D. Atkinson !) ! RHYNCHONELLA SQuAMosaA, Hut- ton LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. ! Aspergillum cee Tate (A. sp., coll. R. M. J. !) liratum ? ! Teredo sp. * ! Solecurtus Legrandi, Tate : : Panopaea Agnewi, T. Weds. - orbita, Hutton (Coll. E. D. A. !) ! Corbula ephamilla, Tate ! “ pyxidata, Tate ! Zenatiopsis angustata, Tate (coll. EK. D. A.! Hobart Mus. ! syn. Z. fragilis, Pritchard) | ! MyopoRA’ BREVIS, Stutchbury (M. equilateralis, Johnston !) \=x se ! australis, Johnst. Mactra Howchiniana, J'ate (juvenile example) Phragmorisma anatinaeformis, Tate Psammobia aequalis, 7'ate es Hamiltonensis, Tate | !* Tellina cainozoica, 7. Wds. 1 “ Masoni, T ate, var. :* Chione Allporti, T. Wds. 1* “ec hormophora, 7’ate ! Chione dimorphophylla, 7'ate (coll. EK. D. A. !) eainozoica, 7’. Wds. propinqua, 7’. Wds. multiteniata, J’ate (coll. KE. D. A. 3) ! Meretrix eburnea, J'ate (syn. M. tenuis, Pritchard, non Tate) submultistriata, J'ate !* Dosinia Johnstoni, 7'ate (syn. D. densilineata, Pritch.) !* Cardium septuagenarium, Tate ! ‘¢ hemimeris, 7'ate !* Chama lamellifera, 7’. Wds. ! CHAMOSTREA ALBIDA, Li. C. crassa, Tate) !* Lucina planatella, Tate !* Diplodonta subquadrata, Tate £¢ suborbicularis, V'ate * Crassatella oblonga, 7. Wds. * $s var. aphrodina, 7’. Wads. communis, Tate (syn. C. astartiformis, Tate, non Nyst) !* Mytilicardia platycostata, John- ston Carditella lamellata, Tate Cardita trigonalis, Tate {* 66 1* ce ! 6 ! 73 (syn. ' ¥* ‘* gracilicostata, 7’. Wds. i* ‘¢ Tasmanica, Tate ‘* scabrosa, Tate (fide Pritchard) ! Trigonia semiundulata, McCoy !* Nucula Tenisoni, Pritchard am N. tumida, T. Wds., non Hinds) Atkinsoni, Johist. fenestralis, Tate ! Nuculana Huttoni, T. Wds. a prelonga, Tate crebrecostata, T. Wds. os Woodsii, Tate be apiculata, Tate Arca pseudonavicularis, Tate ! Barbatia celleporacea, Tate ! i limatella, Tate ! Cucullea Corioensis, McCoy !* PECTUNCULUS cainozoicus, I. Wads. LATICOSTATUS, (4. and G.? (syn. P. McCoyii, John- ston) 1% ee {* ce ! 1* (x4 ! ! ! 66 | | Lyrwopsis auritTA, Brocchi ? ! ce BELCHERI, Ads. & Lv. ! : !* Lima Bassii, 7. Wds. Modiola n. sp. Crenella globularis, 7'ase Spondylus pseudoradula, McCoy (Hobart Mus. 4 giederopoides, McCoy (coll. E. D. A. squamosa, T. Wds.) ') ') (syn. L. Limatula Jeffreysiana, Tate ig crebresquamata, M.S. !* Limea transenna, Tate ! ! x Pecten Foulcheri, T. |Wds. ‘¢ Hochstetteri, Zitte/ Tate, ‘¢ polymorphoides, Zitte/ ‘¢ Yahlensis, T. Wds. (coll. E. D. A. !, Hob. Mus. !; P. lucens, Johnston, non Tate) Amussium Zitteli, Hutton Placunanomia sella, Ta/e Dimya dissimilis, Tate OstREA HyoTis, Sow.? (Hobart Mus. ') SCAPHOPODA. DENTALIUM LACTEUM, Desh. Entalis Mantelli, 7Zittel ‘* subfissura, Tate (Hobart Mus. !) GASTROPODA. * Murex Kyrei, 7. Wds. “¢ Legrandi, Johnst. $3 velificus, V'afe (coll. E. D. Atkinson !) ‘* irregularis, 7’afe *¢ ~~ eamplytropis, J'ate Pseudomurex sp. Rapanaaculeata, 7’ate (coll. E D. Atkinson !) Typhis McCoyi, 7. Wds. !* Ricinula purpuroides, Johnst. 1 * !* Clavilithes Tateanus, ! ! !* Lampusia Abboti, 7. Wds. ! a tortirostris, 7'ate ! ! ! Ae crassicostata, 7'ate * Epidromus tasmanicus, Johist. * Trophon Selwyni, Pritchard !* Fusus Meredith, 7. Wds ‘¢ ~=6 Johnstoni, 7. Wds «¢ dictyotis, Tate *¢ craspedotus, Vafe (F. pa- godoides, McCoy m.s., (Hob. 1’. Was. Hob. Mus. !) ‘¢ foliaceus, Tate Mus. !) Fasciolaria decipiens, 7'atc 134 ! Latirofusus sp. !* Siphonalia Roblini, 7'." Wds ! Sipho n. sp. !* Peristernia transenna, 7. Wds. 4 Aldingensis, Tate (fide Pritchard) Murrayana, Tate, var. (fide Pritchard) * sa affinis, 7'ate “ semiundulata, Pritch- ard (P. rudis, Tate m.s. * Tritonidea minuta, Johnston (Murex) '* Cominella fragilis, 7. Wds. (Buccinum) !* Phos lirecostatus, 7. Wds. (Cominella) _ * Pyrula altispira, Pritchard (coll. | E. D. Atkinson !) * Lyria semiacuticostata, Prifch- ard (coll. E. D. Atkinson) * _ volute Agnewi, Johnst. Allporti, Johnsf. - “© MeCoyi, T. Wds, * « Tirata, Johnst. * «¢ — Stephensi, Johns. * pellita, Johns. * * “Tateana, J ons. ‘* anticingulata, McCoy (V. antiscalaris, ‘* Geol. Tasin.,” & SU, oy ‘© —antiscalaris, McCoy (coil. E. D. Atkinson !) * “ — strophodon, “cCoy ‘* ancilloides, Tate ‘< ~ Mortoni, Tate Sa WV ENE: of. “PPOs: “< Halli, Pritchard <¢ Spenceri, Pritchard ‘* Atkinsoni, Pritchard * Mitra anticoronata, Johnst. [eee dichua, 7: Was ‘con.’ sp. (aff. My” othone; T. Wds.) . * Marginella Wentworthi, 7. Wds. strombiformis, 7’. Wds 2 . octoplicata, T. Was. * Erato duplicata, Johnst. ‘¢ minor, Jate ? ! Ancillaria hebera, Hutton (A. mucronata, T.-Wds., Johnston, nou Sow.) ! ie pseudaustralis, Tate (coll. EK. D. Atkinson!) Ke Columbella Oxleyi, 7’. Weds. a cainozoica, 7. Wds. i" Cancellaria Etheridgei, /ohnst. * * Terebra simplex, 7. Weds. - additoides, 7’. Wds. * preegracilicostata, Pritch. !* Surcula Johnstoni, 7. Wds. pipettes paracantha, 7’. Weds. Pinel pullulascens, 7. Wds. = se Wynyardensis, Pritch. !* Drillia sandleroides, 7. Was. * erenularoides, Pritch. ! P| Sap. * Daphnella cancellata, 7. Wds. 4s columbelloides, 7”. Wds. gracillima, 7. Wds. : tenuisculpta, 7. Wds. ! Mangilia, n. sp. : “f n. sp. : ry n. sp. * Mangilia (?) gracilirata, 7. (Hobart Mus.) !* Thala (?) marginata, Conus complicatus, E. D. Atkinson !) as Cypriea Archeri, 7. Wds. © subsidua, Tate eximia, G.B.S. (coll. E. LD. Atkinson ! ) platypyga, McCoy (coll. E. D. Atkinson !) consobrina, McCoy (coll. E. D. Atkinson !) { = = “ec 1* “e Was. eS - Was: Tate (coll. 1* se 135 | } ; - platyrhyncha, McCoy (Hob. Mus. !) “9 ovulatella, Tate (fide Pritchard) a sphaerodoma, 7'ate ? (fide Pritchard) .. leptorhyncha, McCoy ! Trivia avellanoides, McCoy !* Semicassis sufflata, 7. Wds. (syn S. transenna, Tate) ! Cassidaria gradata, ticulospira, McCoy, m. Mus !) Natica subNox, Tate Tate (C. re- s.in Hob. 1= * polita, 7. Wds. }* ‘ -vix-umbilicata, 7’. Wds. Pt -19) Wintles, PF. Wads. ! Calyptrea subtabulata, Tate. (Trochita calyptrzformis, syn. ‘Pileopsis navicelloides) !* Calyptropsis umbilicata, Johist. !* Crepidula Hainsworthi, Johns?. !* Sealaria inornata, 7'ate : oF foliosa, Tate ! Crossea princeps, 7'ate ! a sublabiata, 7'a/e 1+ * Turritella Sturtii, 7. Wds. $ Warburtoni, 7. Wds. | : !* Turritella tristira, Tate i “4 Murrayana, 7'ate conspicabilis, Tare (fide Pritchard) !* Tenagodes occulusus, 7. Wds. !* Thylacodes conohelix, 7’. Wds. ! 4g rudis, Tate * Odostomia Roberti, 7’. Weds. polita, “Tohnst. af microlirata, Johnst. puteolata, Pritchard ee ce (Actzon) * Pyramidella puny Johust. ! ce sp. 2 * Turbonilla eae, T..Wds. fs liraecostata, 7’. Wds. * Eulima (Leiostraca) Johnstoni- ana, J'ate ! Newtonia n. sp. !* Bittium Johnstoni, 7. Wds. (Rissoina and Cerithiopsis) !* Potamides semicostatum, 7'afe [* a Wynyardense, Tate, (nom. mut. syn. P. pyramidale, Tate non * Rissoina concatenata, 7. Wds. ! ae Mulderi, Tate n. sp. * Rissoa Stevensiana, 7’. Wds. (R. dubia, Johnst. is the tip of turretted shell of un- certain genus) Tateana, 7. Wds. (Riss ina) varicifera, 7’. Wds. (Risso- ina) 31. spp. ! Torinia Simsoni, Tate, m.s. * Adeorbis levis, Johnst. * Liotia lamellosa, 7’. Wds. 1* ©)» Roblin, T. Wds. !* Delphinula gibbuloides, 7’. Wds. (Torinia; Hobart Mus. !) tetragonostoma, 7’. Weds. imparigranosa, Pritchard !* Turbo Etheridgei, 7. Wds. * « Atkinsoni, Pritchard !* Astralium Flindersi, 7. Weds. Ee “ ornatissimum, 7”. }Vds. 1* crassigranosum, 7’. Wds. (Gibbula) Hudsoniana, Johust. (syn. A. Johnstoni, Pritchard) ! ec “ec o- ia ' ce ce * “ee ee * ce 136 * Trochus Josephi, 7. Wds. !* Ringicula lactea, Johnst. as Gibbula equisulcata, T. Was. !* Cylichna Woodsii, 7'ate “« Clarkei, 7’. Wds. ! a sp. \ ‘* crassigranosa, 7. Wds. | ! Volvulella sp. (part, junior) ! Atys sp. * Calliostoma atoma, Johnst. cuit < se Tasmanica, Johnst. cs ‘ Re x “ Blaxlandi, Johnst. Aturia australis, McCoy e ri latecarina, Pritch. oe) !* Cantharidus alternatus, 7’. Wds. PInGESe (Thalotia) Carcharodon angustidens, Ay. !* Euchelus Woodsii, Johnst. Oxyrhina trigonodon, Ay. !* Margarita Keckwicki, 7’. Wds. Lamna elegans, Ay. Fissurellidzea malleata, Tate ! Mylobates plicatilis, Davis !* Emarginula transenna, 7’. Wds. * Tugalia crassireticulata, Pvitch. MAM MAI A- Haliotis ovinoides, McCoy (fide , !* Zeuglodon brevicuspidatus, Vase ‘Pritchard) Diprotodontoid marsupial (Ho- ! Acton scrobiculatus, 7’. Wds., bart Mus. !) Cuaprer ITI. GENERAL RemArKs— Horizons OF THE EOCENE. Regarding the main divisions of the Tertiary deposits of Southern Australia into Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene there is little difficulty, the paleontological being. confirmed by the stratigraphical evidence. The two latter groups are of compara- tively limited development in the province, but the first named, besides being spread over a wide area, shows such variation in the faunal contents of the beds as to render their correlation no easy task. In our previous papers we have treated the Hocenes as a whole, without attempting further subdivision, the simple reason being that no satisfactory basis of classification presented itself. That the beds in question are of Eocene age was discussed fully in Part I., and it may be added here that on this point there is unanimity among all observers who have given adequate atten- tion to the subject. The chief argument relied on is the propor- tion of recent molluscan species, which nowhere exceeds 3} per cent. As a fact the percentage is usually under 2, the only ex- ception being in the Table Cape section with a record of from 2.2 to 3 per cent. of living species, so that a margin is left for what further researches may possibly disclose. In some beds the per- centage is less than 1, and in others between 1 and 2, but it would be extremely unwise, as well as contrary to the practice of geologists, to form conclusions as to relative age on such minor variations as these, since they may depend upon the number of species collected, or upon other causes which need not be cited. As a convenient, though admittedly rough, means of classifying Tertiary strata, the percentage system may serve for distinguish- ing their broad divisions, but must necessarily fail when applied to the discrimination of minor zones of deposition, where the re- corded variation does not exceed 1 or 2 per cent. ——_ — oe ~ ’ 137 The actual number of species common to the respective beds can as yet be estimated approximately only. It is true that much material is on hand, the ranks of collectors having been strongly reinforced of late years, but as the critical examination of the Pleurotomidae, Trochidae, and some other families is but little advanced, the published lists are necessarily defective. Additional identifications are frequently made, but pending an opportunity for publishing they may remain in manuscript for a long time. The observations made in this and former papers are based upon the published lists as revised to date by our manuscript additions and corrections. We should be glad if these latter could be printed herewith, but there is a limit, not only to the time at our disposal, but also to the space allowed us in the Society’s Trans- actions, and it must suffice to say at present that we shall take the earliest opportunity of furnishing revised tables of fossils. By far the most prolific Eocene deposit in Australia is that at Muddy Creek with 649 species of mollusca, and, as might be ex- pected, representatives of many of them are found in all the beds. At Spring Creek, out of a total of 320 molluscan species on our lists, 127, or 40 per cent., occur also at Muddy Creek. In their latest paper*, Messrs. Hall and Pritchard credit us with ad- mitting that there are two zones on the Spring Creek cliffs, but, as a fact, we purposely abstained from expressing a decided opinion on the matter until fuller investigations had been made. Our remarks are too long for quotation, but their meaning is clear enough from the concluding words, which are as follows :—‘‘ We offer the swgyestion that at this level, and above the echinoderm rock, a minor zone of the Eocene may possibly be demonstrated— at any rate the matter is worthy of further research.” Our doubts as to the existence of two zones at Spring Creek are increased rather than diminished by the list of fossils quoted by these authors from the upper clays. Amongst the 105 species enumerated from the clays, 40, or 38 per cent., are represented at Muddy Creek, and for the sake of comparison we will make a similar calculation for the species of the so-called lower beds. Seven species are recorded by us as confined to the strata overlying the echinoderm rocky, and de- ducting these from our total of 320 species for the general sec- tion, 313 are left as proper to the inferior strata, of which 124 are Muddy Creek species, giving a proportion of 40 per cent., which indicates a higher proportion of Muddy Creek shells in the lower than in the upper zone. And yet we are asked to believe that of these two zones it is the upper one which is more pene allied to the Bindddy Creek bed! We * lisihcn: on the pained sébdivinian of the ieee eke of Victoria. Proc. Roy. Soc., Vic., 1896. + Correlation, i i Ptckl,, p. 119. 138 may add that we do notaccept all the species noted by Messrs. Hall and Pritchard as restricted (for Spring Creek) to the upper clays, two or three of them having been found by us in the basal beds also. If there are really two zones at Spring Creek they must be very minor ones, the variations in their faunas being slight, and further collecting from both is advised before announcing definite conclusions as to their import. For the fossils of the Lower Maud beds the same authors claim a similarity to those from Spring Creek, but we are unable to trace any special affinity between the two faunas. Their revised table of Maud fossils, just received,* contains only 37 species of mollusca, but a collection made at the section by Mr. Mulder and one of us gives a total of 66. Of these, 33 species are represented at Muddy Creek, and 23 at Spring Creek, but 18 of the latter are also included amongst the Muddy Creek representatives. Of the five Spring Creek shells remaining, none are special to that sec. tion, and occur also in one or other of the extra-limital deposits. At least six of the species obtained by us are new and apparently restricted to this small exposure. The names and distribution of the Maud fossils on our list will be found in Appendix I. At a higher level, and therefore probably overlying the fossil- iferous strata, an outcrop of basalt is visible, which by the Survey is mapped as Older Voleanic. Messrs. Hall and Pritchard, in speaking of it, say, ‘there is, we now think, not sufficient evidence to suggest a subdivision of the volcanic rock,”+ which means that they regard the Maud basalt as the equivalent of that which underlies the marine Eocenes of Flinders and Eagle Rock. We do not pretend to say without a fuller study of the Maud section whether this is the case or not, though the reported relations of the igneous rock to the accompanying sedimentary strata would lead to a different conclusion. Below the shell-beds, or littoral deposit, a polyzoal limestone, appears, which, though of consider- able thickness and easily separable from the overlying sandy beds, is not mentioned by Messrs. Hall and Pritchard in either of their papers. We have picked out pectens and other fossils from it, and observe that they are the ordinary ones yielded by such strata. Polyzoal limestone is also said to rest upon the Maud basalt, but the significance of this has yet to be worked out. The list of fossils from the Upper Maud beds given by Messrs. Hall and Pritchard cannot be appealed to, since most of the gastropods, it is stated, come from a deposit overlying polyzoal limestone, some miles distant. In their first paper great prominence was given to the argument that the Upper Maud and Waurn Ponds beds lie on the same horizon, and a comparative table of fossils was supplied to demonstrate their close affinity. In the lately * OD. Ch | Older Tertiaries of Maud, &c. Proce. Roy. Soc., Vic., 1895. 139 issued article this view is entirely withdrawn, and with it, we presume, the interpretation placed upon the fossil evidence, since we are now told that the former deposit is younger than the latter ; in fact, we are led to infer that, like the Spring Creek beds with which they are finally correlated,* the Waurn Ponds limestones are overlain by the Older Basalt. Now, these limestones do lie immediately beneath basalt, but Messrs. Hall and Pritchard will certainly not contend that it is the older flow, as it covers also adjacent Eocene beds, which they still consider the youngest in the series. There is undoubted Older Basalt beneath the Eocene of Curlewis, a few miles from Waurn Ponds, and if it were present at the latter locality, which is apparently not the case, might we not also expect it to underlie the fossiliferous strata ? An exceedingly instructive outcrop of the Eocene has lately been worked at Birregurra by Mr. Mulder,+ to whom we are in- debted for examples of most of the fossils collected. Taken as a whole, the fauna belongs to the Muddy Creek type, but, curiously enough, includes also several species recorded hitherto only from Spring Creek, Table Cape, Cape Otway, or Aldinga Bay, amongst which may be quoted Ancillaria ligata, Cancellaria Etheridge, Voluta anticingulata, V. Halli, [sapis eothinos, Can ditella lamel- lata, C. radiata, Cardiwm pseudomagnum, Chione Pritchardi, C. multiteniata, Dosinia Johnstoni. This intermingling in one sec- tion of shells usually considered to be characteristic of diverse faunas has an important bearing upon the correlation of the Eocenes, as will be seen in the sequel. The beds at Shelford have so far yielded 201 species of mol- lusea, of which 143 occur also at Muddy Creek. The Schnapper Point and Bairnsdale deposits are probably of the same type, but the catalogues of species from them are too imperfect to allow of definite comparisons. The majority of the fossils in the Geelong beds (including Western Beach, Lower Moorabool, Curlewis- Belmont, and one or two others) are recorded also from Muddy Creek, while, though Spring Creek is in closer proximity to them than to the Birregurra section, they contain fewer representatives of its fauna. A possible explanation may be that, notwithstanding the greater distance, the configuration of the coast in Eocene times was such as to offer less obstruction to the migration of species between Spring Creek and Birregurra than between the former locality and Geelong. Community with the fauna of Muddy Creek also obtains in the gastropod-bed of the Murray River, near Morgan, though the distance is so great. Two of the most interesting deposits remain to be mentioned viz., those at Cape Otway and at the Gellibrand River, both on * Op. cit. Summary, page 166. + Catalogue of Fossils from Birregurra, Geelong Naturalist, April, 1896. 140 the south coast of Victoria, and only about 25 miles apart, but nevertheless showing a most marked difference in their respective faunas. Out of 265 species of mollusca from the Gellibrand, 216, or 80 per cent., occur also at Muddy Creek, while of the 123 species recorded for Cape Otway, 44, or only 36 per cent., are Muddy Creek shells. On the other hand, 40 of the Cape Otway species, or one-third of the whole, are represented in the distant Aldinga section, while 18 of them are restricted to these two sets of beds. Though so close together, the outcrops of the Gellibrand and Cape Otway contain only 30 species in common! It may be added that lithologically they are alike, the strata in each locality consisting of mound-like masses of black mud, while both are similarly overlain by a Pleistocene rock. The Otway Eocenes are certainly underlain by mesozoic strata, but at the Gellibrand these suddenly disappear close to Pebbly Point, and are not met with again to the west on either the Victorian or South Aust- ralian coast. The proportion of recent species in the two deposits is practically identical, but owing to the comparatively small number of mollusca collected at Cape Otway, no special signifi- cance is attached to this circumstance. In Part II, when refer- ring to the discordant facts of distribution disclosed in these sections, we said that the most reasonable explanation was that the beds were on different horizons. Corroborative stratigraphical evidence certainly cannot be adduced, but then the coastline between the two localities has not been closely examined. As will be seen, however, in the succeeding observations there are good grounds for deeming our previous conclusion correct. From the great similarity between the Gellibrand and Muddy Creek fossils, we may infer a coastal connexion between the localities during the-era of deposition. As was shewn in Part I, the beds are in reality continuous between the two areas. Farther west, between Portland and Muddy Creek a similar continuity of the Eocenes beneath a covering of basalt was pointed out some years ago.* Outcrops of the same strata are visible also on the banks of the Glenelg River for fully 100 miles from its mouth, while in the County of Follett, from the sea coast as far as Apsley, aud in the adjoining South Australian territory, from Mt. Gambier to Narracoorte and Border Town, the existence of Eocene deposits containing a similar type of fauna is abundantly revealed by numerous fossiliferous caves, as well as by the fossils obtained wherever wells have been sunk. That this whole region was thus one of practically contemporaneous deposition during the Eocene period will hardly be questioned. The resemblance of the fauna of the Murray River in South Australia, and of Shelford, Geelong, W&c., in Victoria, to that of the same area has been already alluded to. Notes on the Muddy Creek beds, &c. Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1888. 141 If we now examine the Eocene strata of Aldinga (and Adelaide) inthe St. Vincent Gulf area of South Australia we observe, as shewn in the Table of Fossils published herewith, that amongst many of the old familiar Muddy Creek forms, a large number of new ones make their appearance—to such. an extent, indeed, is this the case that the two faunas are really in marked contrast. Compared with the wide spread fauna of the Muddy Creek Eocene, that of Aldinga, as a whole, is: much more restricted geographically, as, except at Cape Otway, few of its characteristic fossils are present in other deposits. From this fact alone it might perhaps be inferred that the Aldingian is the older of the two contrasted faunas, remnants of it only having survived toa later period. The recent discoveries made by Mr. Edwd. Clark, B.Sc., in the Ninety-Mile Desert of South Australia, already alluded to, and which are published in the present issue of the Society’s Transactions tend to confirm this view. Having been allowed by the courtesy of the author to peruse the manu- script of his article we have little doubt concerning the correct- ness of his conclusions, viz., that in all probability the inferior beds of Aldinga (and Adelaide) underlie the Mount Gambier and Murray River limestones, and consequently therefore the deposits we have correlated with them at Muddy Creek. Amongst the various Eocene beds hitherto examined those at Muddy Creek and Aldinga exhibit the greatest diversity in their faunas, as, though they contain many species in common the restricted ones are specially numerous. Both have been well ex- amined and may be regarded as typical representatives of the older and younger faunas respectively, with which, therefore, other Eocene sections can be well compared. With the notable exception of Cape Otway, the Muddy Creek type of fauna is con- spicuous in most of the Victorian Eocene sections, that of Aldinga being feebly represented. The same remark applies to the Murray beds in South Australia, and also to those at Table Cape in Tasmania. In the case of some of the best known sec- tions, the relative representation of the Aldingian fauna can be approximately estimated, and it is curious to note that the per- centage of characteristic Aldinga shells present in them seems to decline from Cape Otway to Table Cape, Spring Creek, and Geelong, and thence westward to Birregurra, Camperdown, and Gellibrand R., along a former strait or channel, which, as will be shown later on, existed in the old Eocene sea. Our estimate is arrived at by taking account of those Aldingian shells which have not so far been recorded from Muddy Creek, though they are represented in one or other of the intermediate outcrops. Only well authenticated species can be quoted, which, according to our records, number 46. The distribution of these is shown in the following table :— Fossixs in Aldinga Bay or Adelaide sections, not collected at Muddy Creek but occurring in other localities. Murex calvus... es) rrons prionotus hypsellus sublevis Triton cribrosus Clavalithes incompositus Voluta cribrosa Ancillaria ligata iy Cancellaria ptychotropis Cyprea ovulatella Erato pyrulata ‘¢ australis be Scalaria pleiophylla ... Torinia Simsoni ‘ Turritella Aldingz Mesalia stylacris “Mathilda bicarinata ... Lovenella triserrata .. Triploca ligata Bulimella callosa Pecten Peroni.. oe consobrinus, v var. Hochstetteri (a) Limopsis insolita Dimya sigillata Limatula polynema ... Spondylus gzederopoides ( b ) Modiola sp. (aff. albicostata) - Leda leptorhyncha Arca pseudo-navicularis Barbatia limatella Mytilicardia alata Carditella radiata fF lamellata ... Chione multitzniata... Cytherea tenuis Myodora lamellata Corbula pyxidata (c ) Aspergillum teredina Waldheimia furcata (d) ie pectoralis ~*~ Johnstoniana ... Terebratulina triangularis ... f lenticularis (¢ ) Terebratella Tepperi 66 “6 66 “e Total species of Mollusca col- lected in each bed Per centage distribution of typical Aldinga species... OTHER OCCURRENCES :—(a@) R. Murray ; (0) Bairnsdale ; + DISTRIBUTION. Cape Otway. %# me & € Bik s * OK * #4 123 | 320 ee | Spring Creek | OO, Te er 0 Western Beach, Geelong. Lower Maud. sate : = — 5/2) & » | © = =a ee ae om S vo faa) | = = |) oe aoe ~ = ”: a - * ree: ee - * - ~ | 3 ow | “ ah 2 oe ee A fs | » ee 4 j x i E a ae - - bi - - * “4 * } 7 ‘ : 165 | 91 | 265 4°2.) Door tia (c) Cheltenham, Schnapper Point, Shelford, Moorabool Valley, Curlewis ; (d) 7 Curlewis, Upper Maud; (¢) Geelong, R. Murray. + Quoted on the authority of Mr. R. Johnston. 143 The species here enumerated are thus survivors of the more ancient fauna found intermingled with those characteristic of the later one, and where in any section the proportion of them is con- siderable, as at Cape Otway, its relatively low position in the Eocene series is probably indicated. For Spring Creek, Table Cape, &c., where the percentage of such forms is comparatively small, we hesitate to express a decided opinion, and prefer to wait for further evidence. In the absence of stratigraphical evidence, the subdivision of the Eocenes on _ palzontological grounds must be attempted with caution, the horizons apparently merging very gradually. It is quite possible that, like numerous other species known to be common to the whole series, some at least of those here tabulated may have existed continuously through the earlier and later periods. That they are either absent or sparingly represented in a particular deposit may depend upon other conditions, and notably of course upon geographical distance along the ancient coast line. We may safely affirm that a widely ditterent arrangement of the land and water areas formerly obtained in the Southern Ocean. To the north of Cape Otway there is an elevated region showing Mesozoic rocks only, which must have been either an island or a peninsula during the Eocene period, there being at Birregurra, Inverleigh, Shelford, Geelong, &c., on its northern margin a valley in which, as previously mentioned, deposits of the marine Eocenes occur. This valley extends to Port Phillip Bay and Western Port, where the high lands of the Gippsland Mesozoics intervene between the Tertiaries just mentioned and those in the east of the colony. That the Cape Otway ranges were separated from the mainland during the Tertiary period is an opinion advanced both by Mr. F. M. Krausé* and Mr. R. Murray. The latter gentleman further concludes that a strait formerly connected Port Phillip Bay with Warrnambool and Portland.+ On the coast line to the west of the Gellibrand River section no strictly littoral deposit of the Eocene is known either in Victoria or the Mount Gambier area of South Australia, the outcrops: showing mostly deeper sea forms. These are invariably of the younger type, the older beds being apparently entirely absent. The great thickness of the newer Eocene in this region is well illustrated by bores lately put down in the strata at Portland, which failed to pierce them at a depth of 2,265 feet! The idea was to reach the Mesozoic strata, which were supposed to underlie the limestone, in the hope of finding a coal seain. Most probably neither the Mesozoic nor the older Eocene ever existed in the locality. * Geol. Surv. of Victoria. Prog. Rep. No. 1, page 101. + Geology and Phys. Geography of Victoria, pp. 120-1-2. 144 Allusion has already been made to the presence of restricted species in many of the sections. A distinction should be made in this respect between the molluscan beds and those containing mostly deeper sea forms, as it is from the former that such species have been principally recorded. The latter consist chiefly of limestones and polyzoal rocks, and the suddenness with which these occasionally replace the more littoral deposits has been frequently remarked upon. The relation of the two sets of strata is often puzzling, and they have, in fact, been arranged by separate authors in exactly reversed sequence. At Muddy Creek, as well as on the Glenelg and Murray Rivers, the shell beds merge rapidly into polyzoal rock, and their contemporaneous de- position is thus scarcely open to doubt. Close to Geelong the evidence is conflicting, since, though both classes of strata alter- nate, the limestone underlies at Belmont and in the Lower Moorabool, while higher up the same river, in the Maud section previously referred to, a thin littoral deposit rests upon one polyzoal rock, and is said to be overlain by another, with basalt intervening. At Spring Creek, however, which is 13 miles south of Geelong, our observations certainly indicate a contemporaneous origin for the two sets of strata. In this section the restricted forms are numerous, which fact alone seems to point to its com- parative isolation during the era of deposition, or, in other words, to its separation from the neighbouring land by tolerably deep water, the result being a colony or minor region of molluscan life, in which specialised forms might be expected to occur. It must not be forgotten that the great bulk of the Australian Eocenes consists of “these polyzoal ‘rocks and limestones, with their deeper sea fauna, and when in the midst of them, species peculiar to the laminarian or littoral zone suddenly appear, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that the latter were deposited on the shores of an island. When older rocks are elevated above the adjoining Tertiaries, as is the case at Geelong, on the south coast of Victoria, in the valley of the Glenelg, and elsewhere, we may safely decide that they represent either islands or peninsulas in the ancient seas, and the occasional presence of restricted species among the ordinary ones perhaps demands no further explanation. In the foregoing observations we have confined ourselves to broad outlines only. Many matters of detail, which naturally suggest themselves, cannot be discussed until our knowledge of the Tertiary areas is greatly increased. The questions raised, though deeply interesting, are confessedly difficult, and will perhaps not be finally settled for many years to come. 7 145 APPENDICES. E TABLE OF LowER MAup FossI.Ls. (Collected by Messrs. Name of Species. / GASTROPODA. Pseudovaricia mirabilis, 7'ate Natica varians ? 7’ate ee polita, Zen. Wds. Scalaria n. sp. (aff S. echino- phora Turritella gemmulata, J'ate n acricula, J’ate, var. Thylacodes conohelix, Ten. Wds. ‘* erateriusculus, 7'ate Tenagodes occlusus, 7'en. Wds.. Rissoa sp. ... Liotia Roblini, Ten. Was. Phasianella sp. * Turbo sp. Astralium ? sp. Collonia tzniata, (new sp.) Gibbula 2 spp. Thalotia exigua, 7’. Wds. Sp. Giesithenid sp. Euchelus sp. Clanculus sp. ; ; Eumargarita new ‘sp. (aff. E. strigata) ce sp. Solariella sp. Pleurotomaria ? sp. Emarginula sp. (aff. E. trans- Tate, ™m.s., enna) Lad sD. Chiton sp. Ringicula sp. Bulimella eran, 7 Tate m.s. Utriculus sp. ; SCAPHOPODA. Entalis subfissura, J’ate ... K Dennant and Mulder. ) * KX He * x x hao | Muddy Creek. | xt | Spring Creek. Other Occurrences (Veri- fied by the Authors.) Mioc. Muddy Gippsland. Creek, Western Beach, Mioc. Gippsland. Gellibrand ; Lower Moor- abool ; Table Cape. Fyansford. &e..s | Also Mioc. Muddy Ck. Name of Species. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA, Teredo sp. Corbula pyxidata, Tate ... Myodora tenuilirata, Tate Tellina n. sp. (aff. T. porrecta)... ce nN. Sp. Donax Dixoni, Tate Chione cainozoica, J’en. Was. «sp, (juv.) Dosinia Johnstoni, Tate ... Chama lamellifera, Ven. Wds. Lucina leucomomorpha, Tate “¢ projecta ? Tate (juv.) Mysia Pepieeionnis: ? Tate m.s. s Mylitta sp. Cardita Maudensis, Pritchard ‘* scabrosa, Tate Trigonia intersitans, 7'ate ©) Barbatia crustata? J’ate . 6é sp. Fossularca n. sp. Pectunculus cainozoicus, 7’en. Wds. Limopsis insolita, Sow. “© Belcheri (Ad. & R.) McCoy Cucullza Corioensis, M Coy Dimya dissimilis, Tate Lima Bassii, Ten. Wds. Pecten consobrinus, 7'ate, var. ... ‘¢ Foulcheri, Ten. Wds. Anomia ? sp. Ostrea sp. BRACHIOPODA. Waldheimia grandis, 7. Wds. ... Magasella compta, Sow ... Crania quadrangularis, 7’ate CRUSTACEA. Scalpellum sp. ECHINODERMATA. Monostychia australis, Laube. ... Echinus sp. Scutellina patella, 7’ate ... Fibularia gregata, Jate ... “eé “eé var. 146 Muddy Creek. * * & & ' * * * * * * Other Occurrences (Veri- fied by the Authors.) Gellibrand; Moorabool Valley, &c. Birregurra ; Table Cape ; Mioc,, Muddy Creek. Western Beach ; R. Mur- ray. Murray desert, Mioc. ? Mioc., R. Murray. Birregurra ; Aldinga. _Gellibrand ; Mornington. Mioc., Aldinga. | Glenelg R.; R. Murray ; Table Cape. | Waurn Ponds. _R. Glenelg; R. Murray. | | R. Murray ; Aldinga. (1) Nomen mut., T. Tatei, Pritchard, non Holub & Neumayr, 1882, es Other Occurrences (Veri- zee oe Species. fied by the Authors.) Spring Creek. ZOANTHARIA. | Placotrochus elongatus, Dune. ... | Notocyathus australis, Dune. ne excisus, Dune. * |R. Murray; Gellibrand;C. _ Otway; Rec., Sth. Aust. - | Gellibrand ; Fyansford. Sp. Deltocyathus italicus, Edw. & H. i‘. -oe ee % : Muddy Creek. = + Ceratotrochus typus, Seq. Conocyathus sp. Sphenotrochus n. sp. / Trochocyathus? sp. ) Cycloseris sp. | | Balanophyllia sp. | Dendrophyllia? 2 spp. | | | Graphularia senescens, ate | for * | Cheltenham ; Crawford R. LF. Messrs. Hall and Pritchard, in their latest paper, give a list of Eocene species at Muddy Creek recorded as living, which requires correction. According to our records, the Eocene species at Muddy Creek passing to Recent are:— 1. RHYNCONELLA squaMosa, Hutton. Comparison of actual specimens has yet to be made. 2. OsrREA Hyovis, Linn. The identification awaits corrobo- ration. 3. Limopsts BELcHERI, Ad. and A. 4. CREPIDULA UNGUIFORMIS, Lam. 5, CapuLtus DANIELI, Crosse 6. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. (H. foliaceus, Y. and G.). 7. DenraLiuM LActEuUM, Deshayes. The fossil has not yet been compared with the recent shell. Pectunculus laticostatus, Q. and G., so called, of the Eocenes of Tasmania and Southern Australia, is, in our judgment, a distinct species, and should be quoted as P. McCoyzi, Johnston, though the differential characters relied upon by its author are based on misconception. Limopsis awrita, McCoy, is not the European species, fide Cossmann, Saxicava arctica, Linn. The prominent and spinulose posterior angle may indicate a distinct species from the living one, but a decision thereon must await further material, that already pos- sessed being inadequate. 148 Nucula tumida, Ten. Wds., is not acknowledged as a recent species. Placunanomia Ione, Gray. Messrs. Hall and Pritchard claim this as an Eocene species on our authority, and quote it as being so noted on page 20 of Dennant’s ‘‘ Notes on the Muddy Creek Beds.” They are mistaken. It is there marked Y, which indicates the upper beds. ITI. We desire to acknowledge the scientific candor with which Messrs. Hall and Pritchard have withdrawn some of their con- clusions concerning the classification of the Eocenes in deference to the arguments advanced by us. These authors, however, take exception to our figures regarding the number of species at Muddy Creek and Spring Creek respec- tively which pass up into the Miocene, and give others which, as they say, differ widely from those quoted. In reference to this matter we remark (1) that rare forms, or those concerning which there was likely to be a difference of opinion, were intentionally omitted ; and (2) that the figures furnished by Messrs. Hall and Pritchard for Muddy Creek are apparently mainly derived from the 1888 list, which now needs considerable revision. In this connection we may also observe that a few minor errors appear in the distribution assigned to certain Muddy Creek species described in the Society’s Transactions, which are hereby corrected as follows :—Zenatiopsis angustata, Strigilla australis, Carditella polita, Mitra sordida, M. conoidalis have been collected from the upper beds only; and Chama lamellifera, Hinnites Corioensis, Hipponyx antiquatus from the lower only. It may also be noted that Massa Tatei is a derived shell in the Miocene, while, as the text shows, JV. crassigranosa belongs to the upper deposit, the junction beds in which it was found, sparingly mixed with Eocene species, being partly remade ground. By including the omitted species referred to, our quoted number of Kocene shells which pass up into the Miocene is thereby in- creased to 36 for Spring Creek and 46 for Muddy Creek ; and taking Messrs. Hall and Pritchard’s estimated total of 326 species for the former, and our own of 649 for the latter, the calculations show that the case was in reality understated by us, the revised figures giving 10:1 per cent. of Miocene shells present in the Spring Creek Eocenes, as against 7 per cent. in those of Muddy Creek. A list of these species will be given subsequently. It is withheld just now, pending an opportunity for consultation concerning the distribution of a few Muddy Creek fossils. In our estimate we have taken account of those Eocene forms only which pass up to the Miocene, but we freely admit the pro- priety of extending the inquiry to the Pliocene, viz., to the Dry Creek and Limestone Creek beds. ‘? Vol. XX. Plate IT. Allyvivin vYv Blown sand. 3 rifts. \WWN der Tertiary. (Sie \ feceie Oxide _jn_hand DJ (7% (y\1o 58) Grils, rotten. slates and TILA oro Hi INDEX TO SIGNS [RRB Arehaean 149 - NoTE ON AGENUS OF GRYLLIDZ, NEW FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA; AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MYRMECOPHILA. By J. G. O. Tepper, F.LS., ce. [Read June 2, 1896.] The Myrmecophilides form a tribe of the family of the Gryllide, or Crickets, and are divided by M. Saussure into four legions, with 11 genera and 40 species (Mel. Orth., vol. II., p. 455, &c.), to which Mons. Brunner adds the genus Lissotrachelus and six species, of which three are distributed among as many older genera, thus bringing up the totals to 12 and 46 respectively. These are distributed over all continents, only two species of one genus (Calochilus, being recorded from Australia, and one each of three other genera from New Caledonia, Tahiti, and Fiji respectively, but none endemic apparently. The typical genus Myrmecophila comprises four species, viz., M. acervorium, L., 8. Europe and N. Africa; Jf. ochraceus, Fisch. Sicily and Asia Minor; J. dubius, Saussure, Bitang (Malaysia’‘); and M. Americanus, Saussure, S. America ; but none for Aus- tralia or its adjoining island regions. The genus is not only remarkable for the small size of its members, but also for the peculiar habit of living exclusively with and under the protection of particular species of ants. Through the zeal and assiduity of A. Zietz, Esq., F.L.S., and Assistant-Director of the 8.A. Museum, a pair of these minute crickets were secured on May 17th last among ants under large stones on a hillside near Adelaide, and placed under my care, when, on examination, they turned out to be a new species of the above interesting genus. Both specimens were caught alive, although exceedingly nimble and active ; but the male died soon after capture from injuries received. The female reached me alive next morning, and I kept her so for three days by moistening the inside of the “cork stopper of the small glass tube with a little saliva daily and occasionally renewing the air by opening the same. The little creature seemed to like its strange fare and scarcely quitted the cork even while being turned about during inspection. The following description was drawn up from the fresh and living specimens :— MyYRMECOPHILA AUSTRALIS, sp. n. Male. Pale brownish-ochreous, ovate, flattened above, very thinly and minutely sericeous, head (except vertex), underside, and legs mostly whitish. Antenne slightly longer than the body, 150 base subglobose, pale, scape brownish, hirsute. Eyes distinct, minute, oval, obliquely behind and external of antenne, covered by the margin of the pronotum, black. Pronotum subglobose, incrassated foremargin produced behind as a small acute tooth merging into the median line, ferrugineous, disk pale, hindmargin fuscous, with narrow pale border. Meso- notum and metanotum, also abdominal dorsal segments, bordered darkly behind. Anterior and intermediary legs short and slender, hind legs about twice as long as the body, femora, tibiz and tarsi nearly subequal, in length, pale. Hind femora ovate, about twice as long than wide, externally very convex, with a small protuberance before the middle near the upper margin ; inferior margin ciliate, ridges terminating by distinct teeth; apex truncated, with a small, circular depressed area (resembling a tympanum), immediately beneath the insertion of the tibiz, bearing a minute spinelet on its hindmargin (also present in the female but less perfectly) ; internal side of femora deeply concave. Hind tibie slightly shorter than femora, subcompressed, upper margin concave, lower convex ; lower external spur minute, straight, upper much larger, distinctly recurved ; internal spurs very long, slightly decurved; upper margin with one external and two internal spines, ciliated. Hind tarsi longer than tibia, very slender; first joint with three minute oblique spines and a longer terminal spur, second joint very short, third joint extremely slender and claws most minute. Cerci about two-thirds of the length of the body, hirsute base thick, gradually tapering, apex acute, brownish ferrugineous. Supra anal lamina transverse, very short, rotundate, smooth. Female.—Resembling male, but larger and darker. Antenne more and base less incrassated. Eyes more prominent, less obtected. Abdomen wider posteriorly, darker above and beneath. Hind femora shorter and rather less robust. Supra- anal lamina subtrigonal, transverse ; a fine groove on either side of the middle when alive. Ovipositor rather stout, nearly half the length of the body ; subcylindrical, pale, slightly contracted in the middle; apex forming two parallel acute spines, dark brown. Male. Female. Length of body 2 maim 4 mm. Width os . 2 re pa ee, Length of hind legs DAD et Length of hind femora a 2 - Width of hind femora roo pe aay Length of ovipositor - 2 151 Habitat.—Hillsides near Adelaide, South Australia, under stones with ants. When alive the insects are extremely active and nimble ; when at rest the antenne are carried subhorizontally diverging out- wards in an easy curve ; the femora are placed at an angle of 40— 50° to the body, the tibiz being adpressed to the inner upper margin and nearly parallel with it (not along the lower as is usually the case) the tarsus extending backwards in the same direction as the body. In this position the concavity of the inner side strongly resembles that of an outer ear, and suggests the idea of serving as an auditory organ together with the membran- ous plate at the apex. After death the body shrinks considerably and also becomes darker in color. The species resembles the European one considerably, but differs in various details, such as size, the presence of eyes, the curved hind tibiz, and having the spurs and spines of different form, «ce. 152 New AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, By Oswatp Lower, F.E.S., de. [Read June 2, 1896.] GEOMETRINA. HyYDRIOMENID. ASTHENA PORPHYRETICA, nN. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head, thorax, antennz, and abdomen ochreous grey. Abdomen with pairs of black spots on base of anterior segments ; three posterior segments with one large spot on each. Forewings triangular, hindmargin bowed, oblique ; ochreous grey, with dull purplish markings ; numerous transverse narrow wavy lines, the confluence of which form a moderately broad band from beyond middle of costa to beyond middle of inner-margin ; a black discal dot before this above middle; lines towards hind- margin more dense, and forming a suffused band; a hindmarginal row of black dots at extremities of veins; cilia ochreous grey. Hindwings with color and markings as in forewings, cilia as in forewings. Two specimens in August at Rockhampton, Queensland. Nearest xylocyma, Meyr. BOMBYCINA. LIMACODID. DORATIPHORA EUCHRYSA, 0. sp. Female, 34mm. Head, thorax, palpi, legs, and antenne golden rufous ; thorax more reddish, patagia reddish fuscous, abdomen reddish fuscous. Forewings moderately dilated, costa nearly straight, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; bright brassy yellow; costal edge narrowly fuscous; a fuscous band starting from base and continued along inner-margin right round hindmargin to apex ; a narrow, hardly waved line from costa just before apex to middle of inner-margin ; cilia dark fuscous. Hind- wings pale ochreous-reddish, with a darker line at base; cilia pale reddish-ochreous. A very striking species, not like any other species known to me. ‘Two specimens, in November, received from Mr. Rowland Turner, of Mackay, Queensland. a 153 LETHOCEPHALA (?) CALLIDESMA, N. sp. Male, 32 mm. Head, abdomen, and legs reddish fuscous, tinged with darker fuscous ; abdomen tinged with dark purplish-reddish on posterior half. Thorax deep purplish-fuscous, tinged with scarlet posteriorly ; collar scarlet. Antenn reddish, pectinations at greatest length four, gradually attenuated to apex, but not ending in a bristle. Forewings moderate, somewhat dilated pos- teriorly, costa almost straight, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely bowed ; deep reddish-fuscous, anterior half deep purplish-fuscous, separation well defined by an ochreous-white oblique, hardly sinuate line, from inner-margin at one-third to more than half across wing, then obscurely continued to just beneath costa at tive-sixths ; a dark fuscous, somewhat undulated line from apex of this streak to below middle of hindmargin; cilia reddish- fuscous. Hindwings with hindmargin rounded ; reddish-fuscous, purplish tinged, becoming lighter towards costa ; cilia as in fore- wings. One specimen, Mackay, Queensland, in December. Not unlike Lethocephala bombycoides, Feld., but is shorter winged. DoRATIPHORA EUMELA, N. Sp. Female, 28 mm. Head, palpi, legs, antenne, and abdomen fleshy white ; legs minutely irrorated with black. Thorax pale reddish- fuscous, with a short black longitudinal streak behind collar. Forewings moderately dilated, costa hardly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin bowed, oblique; pale fleshy-brown, more or less suffused with whitish, with scattered minute blackish scales ; a somewhat quadrate shining-fuscous patch extending from base to near middle, reaching more than half across wing, edged poster- iorly with a line of white, and containing a round sharply-defined black spot near base; a large whitish ill-defined somewhat suffused round patch near apex, partly edged anteriorly by a fine fuscous line, and containing near its posterior edge a suffused fuscous mark, on which are placed three dark fuscous-cuneiform spots on veins, the apices directed inwards. The mark is edged posteriorly by a line of whitish, indicating extreme edge of round spot; cilia fleshy-white, with a whitish basal line. Hindwings with hind- margin rounded ; dull fuscous, tinged with reddish ; cilia as in forewings. One specimen from Mackay, Queensland ; sent by Mr. Rowland Turner. ARCTIADE. SORCOSTIA NIPHOSTENA, N. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head and thorax white. Legs fuscous whitish ; palpi three, fuscous, internally white. Antenne and abdo- 154 men fuscous whitish. Forewings elongate triangular; costa moderately arched; hindmargin obliquely rounded; fuscous, mixed with darker fuscous; tufts fuscous, basal third of wing whitish, becoming fuscous tinged above and below middle ; a fine blackish irregularly dentate line, somewhat curved inwards in- dicating posterior boundary of basal patch, followed by a very broad fuscous fascia, anterior edge from before middle of costa to one-third of inner margin and bounded by the fine black line ; posterior edge ill-defined and lost in general ground-color, ex- cepting on lower two-thirds which is rounded by a fine black edged snow-white line, commencing at two-thirds of inner margin with two indentations below middle, and continued obliquely to more than two thirds across wing, thence suddenly angulated and ending in hindmargin above middle; in the angulation is a very dark fuscous patch with three teeth, the apices directed towards hind- margin ; a snow-white streak from above second angulation to anal angle ; a large black discal dot; cilia fuscous-whitish. Hind- wings and cilia grey-whitish. One specimen at Port Victor, South Australia, in November. Nearest albalis, Walk. PYRALIDINA. EPIPASCHIAD. EPIPASCHIA LITHOCHLORA, N. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head, thorax, palpi and legs pale-greyish ochreous, palpi more whitish beneath ; legs dusted with white. Antenne greyish-fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings moderate, dilated posteriorly; costa hardly straight arched towards apex; apex round pointed; hindmargin bowed ; oblique ; pale-fawn, with three indistinct transverse fasciz of pale ochreous, causing the color to appear ochreous-grey ; a very pale ochreous basal patch (being indications of first fascia), outer edge irregular, from one-third of costa to one-third inner margin and containing a raised tuft which is tinged with reddish fuscous. spot on costa at about one-half; a tuft of reddish fuscous. obliquely confluent with it, from which proceeds a waved pale: ochreous line to middle of inner margin, indicating second fascia ; a fuscous-reddish spot on costa at about two-thirds; a pale ochreous fascia from costa at five-sixths to inner margin at anal angle, preceded on lower half by a well-defined curved patch of reddish-fuscous, becoming strongly dentate posteriorly on veins, and edged by a line of ground-color ; veins somewhat blackish on this patch; cilia ochreous-grey, with a median line of smali blackish dots; tips tinged with fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, becoming dark-fuscous round hindmargin, especially round apex ; cilia white, chequered with black on basal half. 155 Three specimens bred by Mr. R. Illidge, near Brisbane, Queens- land, in November. Srericta (7?) CALLIzona, n. sp. Female, 388 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen purplish-fuscous ; palpi very long. Legs purplish-fuscous ; anterior and middle cox fleshy white. Forewings moderately dilated; costa nearly straight; arched towards apex; apex rounded ; hindmargin obliquely rounded ; fuscous, slightly purplish tinged ; a broad white band starting from costa at base and continued obliquely to below middle of disc, thence suddenly curved to middle of inner margin ; extremities suffused, edged throughout beneath with tine blackish line, and broadly above with olive- green, which color is inclined to be suffused with band ; a small dark fuscous spot on band near base ; a raised tuft of dark fus- cous scales on inner margin at about a quarter, and another larger beneath costa about middle; a fleshy-white cuneiform mark on costa at four-fifths from anterior edge proceeds a fuscous line, dentate throughout, more strongly indented beneath costa and with a strong angulation outward above middle, anteriorly edged on upper half by a large fleshy-white patch containing a small spot of ground-color, and posteriorly by a suffused whitish line, more pronounced on upper half; an apical blackish patch containing two or three suffused fleshy-white spots; a row of obscurely whitish spots near parallel to hindmargin ; cilia fleshy white, extremities blackish on basal half chequered with black and white. Hindwings dark fuscous ; cilia as in forewings, but extremities more reddish. One specimen from Mackay, Queensland, in December. The palpi of this are very long and quite a peculiar character. I am not sure if it is referred to its correct genus. STERICTA CHIONOPA, N. sp. . Male, 30 mm. Head white, palpi fuscous. Thorax white with a broad fuscous longitudinal band, darkest posteriorly. Collar dark fuscous. Antenne and Jegs dark fuscous, base of antenn white beneath ; all tibiz and tarsi ringed with white. Abdomen ochreous, sides and anal tuft fuscous, whitish beneath. Fore- wings moderate, dilated posteriorly ; costa nearly straight, arched towards apex, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; snow-white, with dark fuscous markings ; a large broad cuneiform spot on costa from near base to about a third; a very suffused irregular line from anterior edge of this spot to inner margin near base ; an almost imperceptible line from posterior edge of cunei- form spot and continuous with it to inner margin near middle, interspace with a slight bluish tinge and sparsely irrorated with minute fuscous scales ; an elongate mark on costa at about two- 156 thirds, below which is a well-marked discal spot,; a broad irregu- larly edged transverse band from costa at four-fifths to inner margin at three-quarters, containing a suffused spot of ground- color on inner margin; a large roundish hindmarginal patch, darkest:and well-marked on upper half, and nearly confluent with preceding band, and enclosing a prominent spot of ground-color on costa at five-sixths ; lower half of hindmarginal band strongly suffused with ground-color posteriorly ; the separation of transverse and hindmarginal bands is accomplished by a fine waved line of ground-color, which is split up into two spots on apical portion ; a hindmarginal row of black dots on hindmargin, strongly per- ceptible on lower half; cilia fleshy-white, basal half chequered with black. Hindwings fuscous ; cilia grey-whitish with a darker fuscous line near base. Two specimens taken at Railway Station electric light, Bris- bane, Queensland, in December and January. ie! wl 103 ANNUAL REPORT, The Council ‘has to report that a variety of new matter relating to mollusca, ccelenterata, insecta, marsupialia, anthro- pology, botany and geology has been brought under the notice of the Fellows and Members during the past year. Amongst the most noteworthy is the discovery of Radiolaria and Lower Cambrian fossils in new localities for the Province. The exhi- bition of the restored fore and hind left feet of Diprotodon at the September Meeting is an event which is unique in the history of science; and that it was possible, is largely due to the technical skill of the Assistant Director of the Adelaide Museum, A. H. L. Zietz, F.L.S., who was able to preserve the extremely brittle remains found at Lake Callabonna, South Australia. During the past year two gentlemen were elected Hon. Fellows on account of the distinguished services which they had rendered to science through the Society. They were Prof. T. W. E. David, B.A., of the Sydney University, and John Dennant, F.G.8., of the Education Department, Victoria. Four new Fellows have been elected, and seven removed by death or other- wise. The Society consists now of 12 Hon. Fellows, 71 Fellows, 13 Corresponding Members, and | Associate. The obituary includes the name of an Hon. Fellow, Baron F. von Muller, whose death has occasioned a loss which it will be difficult to fill, not only to Australian workers, but to the scientific world generally. At the proper time and place this Society will hope to co-operate with Australian learned societies in raising to his memory some fitting memorials. Another Hon. Fellow has also died, namely, Sir W. F. D. Jervois, K.C.M.G., L.B., &c., ex-Governor of South Australia. In the death of Sir Thomas Elder, K.C.M.G., science and art have lost a generous benefactor and this Society a Fellow. Volume XVI. of the Society’s Transactions will remain a memorial of the scientific results of one of the expeditions fitted out to explore Central Australia at his expense. Whilst the principal attention of the Society has naturally been devoted to the receiving and recording of new scientific facts, other matters relating to the economic application of science have not been neglected. A Sub-Committee of the Council was appointed to ascertain the best methods of disseminating infor- mation respecting local predatory insects and insectivorous birds. This important matter has received very careful consideration, 104 and a report may be expected shortly offering some valuable suggestions. In sympathy with this subject may be mentioned the results of the action of the Field Naturalists’ Section of the Society through its Native Fauna and Flora Protection Commit tee. Through its energy and instrumentality a Bill is now before Parliament entitled ‘“ Protection of Birds Act.” In presenting this report of the year’s proceedings the retiring Council fells that although some substantial work has been re- corded, yet that much more might have been effected had the Council had ampler means at its disposal. There is an abundance of scientific material awaiting publication, but the Council has had to hesitate about attempting it owing to its straitened means. Happily, owing to the generous action of the Government in subsidising the subscriptions of the Fellows, a little has been ac- complished, but this could easily be expanded to three or four times the amount if financial circumstances were propitious. Whilst the Council feels a debt of gratitude to that small branch of Fellows who have year by year so steadily contributed to the funds of the Society, yet it would ask them further to use their influence in persuading others to join the Society and assist in this way the recording of matter pertaining to South Australia of the greatest scientific value. 105 ‘LOST ‘F “390 ‘Tomseady, ‘U0H ‘LLAM YALIVM ‘sogrpny “MONOOV ‘f ‘a “4091109 panos pure pe}Ipny ar ge ee 8 OL ccéF 8 OL coer e + 16 oa eee eae eee L68T | TaqoyQ “Yurgq ssuraeg ut soured ,, O16 O - = _- a eOlIpung 35. | O -6E I ha * os os “* qSatequy ,, bo Sz eo Spr 1a oa ‘os {UOUIUIOAOY) WOAy QuRID ,, Oe: 2 ae ""* W0IZ0ag [RoIsopooRTe | 0 Ol6t + —— ) O02 Ch. “ WOlQo9g [eorwWoUOsSy OF /O\ cl. *= = * SATE “Aq U7 Bs OS UOTPOOS SISITVINFEN POL] 0: Qt ae at 0018 A “IC —PplIy ul sjueiry ,, , —suorruog ,, 0 OLO as Syoog jo oselzsey—Areaqry ,, |0 9 66 — 0 OT OT Arou0ryeyg pue ‘aseqsog ‘Surquiig aa Os 2s 2 oe WOT{DaG [ePosopooryepy j= 0. 2 te “a8 "** Joyejoreg—soasem ,, 0 0 9L (sarod omy) UOQo0Qg [voTWOUOASW iia | eee 0 0 SI WOTPIIY S.4STPRANGRN pow, D0: ok =": “* (sueak $7) Surysipqng 0. 8 70. > ¥ \ Ayatoog [ekoy 1) 2c. se ss Suryerysnyfy —suorqdiiosqng ,, CER es ME ci (stvoA F[) Suryutag 8 FI OFT ee ee ee eoueleg OT, —suorjoesuery, Jo son Ag ‘96GST “IST 19q0700 5 eM 3 ‘pe 22 ee oe. Oe ae aq VITVALSAV HLAOS AO ALAIOOS TVAOW AHL HLIM LNOONO NI YAMASVAML AHI ——<————— — 106 THE ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS BY WALTER HowcHIN, F.G.S. (PRESIDENT). In vacating the Chair, which I have had the honour to occupy for the past two years, I shall be following traditional usage if I make a brief reference to the present position and prospects of the Society. With the current year we publish the twenty-first volume of the Transactions and proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. The Society has completed the second decade of its existence, and has a record of work which, if con- sidered with a due regard to its limited membership, and equally limited means, is a matter for congratulation. When we con- sider the great geographical extent of the colony, and the com- paratively recent settlement of its population, it will be under- stood that the scientific workers have been hitherto mainly engaged in pioneering work, sketching the broader outlines, and gathering the more evident facts in this vast scientific field. The past year has not been destitute of work done by Fellows of the Society which mark distinct stages in scientific achieve- ments. The first-fruits of Dr. Stirling’s and Mr. Zietz’s patient elaboration of the Callabonna fossil faunze has been published in our Transactions in elucidation of the feet and leg-bones of the great struthious birds which have become extinct on Australian soil within comparatively recent geological time. The same authors have had the honor to place a unique exhibit before the Society in a complete osteological restoration of the fore and hind feet of the Diprotodon, the first occasion in which these much- debated appendages have been discovered and placed before a scientific society. Dr. J. C. Verco’s further descriptions of new species of marine mollusca from his dredgings in South Aus- tralian waters, and the Monograph on the Opisthobranchs of the Older Tertiary of Australia by the French specialist and Honorary Fellow of this Society, Maurice Cossmann, are respectively con- tributions of great value. Within the sphere of new geological observations may be noted the glacial discoveries in the Inman Valley, Yankalilla, and Cape Jervis districts, which have revealed an extinct icefield of vast extent, of which the Hallett’s Cove deposits form but a distant outlier. The discovery of a thick group of Lower Cambrian limestones, with characteristic fossils, in the Ranges extending from Normanville to Willunga is of great interest as bearing on the possible age of the Mount Lofty series, it being the only clearly determined datum line in —_ 107 the older rocks of the hill country to the south of Quorn. The discovery of Radiolaria in the cherty nodules of the Crystal Brook limestones, as well as in the siliceous limestones of Brighton, has opened a new chapter in the paleontology of the older rocks of the colony. At the instant when Professor David and myself thought that in this discovery we had secured organic remains in rocks of Archean age, the find of Cambrian fossils shortly afterwards in the associated beds has rendered this con- clusion exceedingly doubtful. Our review of the present position of the Society is over- shadowed with two regrets. First, that the number of those who either actively or by Fellowship with the Society show practical sympathy with scientific research is so small—a roll of 75 con- tributing Fellows cannot be regarded as satisfactory in this respect ; and second, scientific investigators have reason to be discouraged that the financial resources of our Society—the only Society in the colony devoted to the cause of original research— are inadequate for the effective illustration of scientific discoveries which may have occupied years of patient labor. The scientific investigator takes upon himself honorary and onerous duties, and is content to find his reward in the pleasures of his work and the privilege of adding to the sum of human knowledge. All he asks in return for his voluntary labors is the means of communi- cating his special knowledge by a suitable channel to others. During recent years original observations of great scientific value have been held back from publication through this lack of mone- tary means, and unless in the near future the burden is shared by a larger circle in the community, we shall witness the humiliating consequences that discoveries of great national interest will have to go to foreign societies to obtain a voice in the scientific world. I would now crave your indulgence for a short time whilst reviewing in a brief nanner some RECENT RESEARCHES BEARING ON THE FORAMINIFERA. Much interest attaches to the occurrence of the Rhizopoda in the older stratified rocks. We may, therefore, in the first place, draw attention to our present knowledge of The Early Geological History of the Foraminifera. The lowly organisation of these protean forms of life is sugges- tive of a remote ancestry that may possibly take us back link by link in an unbroken chain of vitality to the pregnant moment that witnessed the dawn of life on this planet. On evolutional grounds we may plausibly infer that there was a time when the Protozoa formed the characteristic—perhaps the only type of animal life on the earth—a protozoan age that antedated the age of the higher 108 invertebrates. If such was the case it has left scant evidence of its existence. The practical results of a search in the Archean and older Palewozoic rocks for these paleontological proofs are extremely disappointing. Instead of finding the limestones of these early periods crowded with the remains of what might be deemed the primitive type of animal life, the Archean limestones are singularly destitute of organic remains; and when we pass the great interval marked by the unconformability between the Archeans and the Cambrians, we find in the latter a richly differentiated invertebrate fauna with scarcely a trace of the more primitive Rhizopod. It is only when we rise in the geo- logical series as high as the Carboniferous limestone that the Foraminifera become at all a characteristic feature of the de- posits, and the maximum of the order was only attained with the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations, or, possibly, in the foramini- feral fauna of the present seas. It is not improbable that the unclothed amceboid organism was the earlier prevailing type of this class, and that on the gradual increase of carnivorous and predatory forms of life, the Amba obtained a distinct advantage in the struggle for life in the formation of a testaceous covering for its sarcode, either by the secretion of carbonate of lime or by the agglutination of sand grains and other foreign bodies. Such an important modification of habit prepared the way for an endless morphological variation of the organism—gave birth to a new order of Protozoans, and made the Foraminifera the most important member of its class. If the naked condition was the primitive form of the Protozoan type, and the testaceous covering a later and slowly developed modification, this will sufficiently account for the comparative absence of the Foraminifera from the older geological formations. The discussion on the organic or inorganic nature of Eozéon, which has lasted over 30 years, still continues. A fascination gathers around this so-called “Dawn Animal,” “ the lone occupant of Laurentian seas,” that has called forth laboured investigations and an elaborate literature. Eozéon was first described by Dr. Carpenter and Principal Dawson in 1864. Its organic origin was hotly contested by Professors W. King and T. H. Rowney in numerous publications distributed over a period of 16 years. Their contention was that the so-called organic structure of Eoz6on was nothing more than an inorganic arrangement of minerals in a laminar structure that was not uncommon in serpentine rocks, and could be paralleled in the serpentine marble or ophite of Skye, the serpentine of the Lizard, and other examples. Mr. H. J. Carter took up a similar position of scepticism. In 1884 Prof. J. F. Blake examined the typical locality for Eozéon at Cote St. Pierre, in Canada, with the result that he concluded — —~ * 109 the nodules of so-called Eozéon were simply concretionary under metamorphic rearrangements, and in a letter to Prof. H. J. Johnston-Lavis, said, ‘I came away with the clear conviction that we need no longer trouble about its organic nature.”* The latest and most important contribution on this subject isa joint paper read before the Royal Dublin Society by Prof. H. J. Johnston and Dr. J. W. Gregory, and is published in the Trans- actions of that Society for 1894.; The exhaustive observations which the first-named of these authors has made on the geology of Monte Somma brought to his notice some remarkable litholog- ical features in certain ejectamenta from this old crater, and has supplied the material for the joint paper now referred to, on the “‘ Kozdonal Structure of the Ejected Blocks of Monte Sommaa.’ The blocks in which this structure is seen were derived, according to the authors of the paper, from limestones of Mesozoic age situated at a considerable depth in the funnel of the volcano, and the specimens show an intermediate degree of metamorphism between the comparatively unaltered Tertiary beds in the upper part of the sub-volcanic platform and the more completely fused ultra-basic and basic rocks of greater depth. The genesis of this eozdonal structure can be gathered from the examination of a series of specimens in which it is more or less perfectly developed. As the result of an examination of a large number of these ejected fragments, the authors conclude that ‘the Eozéon struc- ture has been produced in those limestones which have, under great pressure, in the presence of different gases, and in the neighbourhood of a comparatively basic magma, undergone whole or partial fusion.” } The remarkable concentric and laminar structure of. the eozoonal nodules is accounted for by the interaction of the lime- stone and the more or less acid magma when brought into con- tact. Along the line of contact a process of mutual modification takes place. The limestone extracts a proportion of silica from the magma, and the magma is rendered more basic, not only by a loss of silica, but by the absorption of lime and magnesia from the limestones with which it is in contact. The so-called *‘acervuline layer” in Eozéon is accounted for by this process of interchange and chemical reaction, attenuated and irregular silicate bands being produced by the exhaustion of the silicic substances in penetrating into the limestone. The presence of twhuli in Eozéon structure is the strong point of evidence with *** Kozdonal Structure of Ejected Blocks of Monte Somma,” by Prof. H. J. Johnston-Lavis and J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., Sc. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., Vol. V. (Ser. 2), 1894, p. 274. + Op. cit. t Op. cit., p. 264. 110 those who assert the organic origin of the specimens, and supplies the characteristic feature that has led to its classification with the Nummulinide. Similar tubuli or stoloniferous passages, filled with mineral matter, are seen in the Monte Somma speci- mens passing through the calcareous layers, and communicating with the intermediate bands. These tubuli are supposed by the authors to mark the main passages along which the fluid or gases penetrated. The photographic figures given in illustration of the work are extremely suggestive of the anomalous Laurentian fossil, although, judging from the plates, the cell walls and canal system lack the definiteness and clear outline of the type specimens. Sir J. W.. Dawson has given a short rejoinder to Professors Johnston-Lavis and Gregory, in Vat. Science of June, 1895, in which article he says—‘ [ must emphatically deny that they resemble either in composition, mode of occurrence, or form and structure the Laurentian Eozéon of Canada.” Nothwithstanding this rejoinder the latest evidences tend to weaken the proofs of the organic origin of this doubtful object rather than confirm the conclusions- which in the early years of its discussion were generally accepted. One result of this prolonged discussion has been to illustrate in how many instances petrological structure may simulate organic features, and emphasizes the caution that should be exercised in referring doubtful structures, especially when included in altered and metamorphic rocks, to organic agencies. The discovery of Foraminifera in the Cambrian rocks of southern New Brunswick by Messrs. W. D. and G. F. Matthew is of considerable interest. So far as I am aware, this is the first. case in which Foraminifera have'been noted in rocks of Cambrian age. They were discovered in the first instance by sectioning the phosphatic nodules contained in the St. John series near the base of the Lower Cambrians, and are associated with a group of fossils of a distinctive character, which Mr. G. F. Matthew has described in the Transactions of the New York Academy of Science, vol. XIV. (1894-95), as “The Protolenus Fauna.” The Foraminifera are referred to the genera Orbulina and Globigerina, two of the commonest genera of the present seas, and whilst seven new species are described, the remaining one, Orbulina universa, is said to be indistinguishable from the same species which makes up so large a proportion of the Atlantic ooze of to-day. Without calling in question Mr. Matthew’s determination, it is well to. remember that extreme caution is demanded in the determination of fossils of so great a geological age, and particularly those (as in the case of the genera referred to) which have a spherical form,. as this is more easily simulated by inorganic structure than any other outline. The previous records for the geological distribu- 111 tion of Globigerina do not go further back than the Jurassic, and those of Orbulina, not earlier than the Lias. In view of the present discovery, it is remarkable that no trace of either genus has been found in the comparatively rich foraminiferal fauna of the Carboniferous Limestone. Assuming the determination of the author to be correct, it places Orbulina wniversa in a unique position as the oldest surviving species among living things ; and if the claims of Eozéon be disallowed, the Protolenus horizon of St. John has the earliest record for the occurrence of Foraminifera in any part of the world.* If I may be allowed a moment’s digression from the immediate subject of my address, I would draw attention to the fact that it seems probable that more success will attend the search for the Radiolarian representatives of the Rhizopoda in the older stratitied rocks than remains the Foraminifera. L. Cayeux has recently announced the discovery of Radiolaria inthe Pre-Cam- brian rocks of Brittany. Whilst there are some aspects of this supposed discovery that have led other specialists to regard Cayeux’s determinations with some scepticism, it will quicken the interest in these old and so-called azoic rocks that will no’ doubt shortly place the matter beyond question. During the last three years simultaneous discoveries of Radiolaria have been made in many countries and from most formations, ranging from the Cambrian to the present day. These results have been in many cases, particularly those pertaining to the older rocks, obtained from the examination of the much neglected cherty bands and nodules which frequently accompany calcareous beds of all ages. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. From the days of Conrad Gesner in the middle of the sixteenth century the delicate and varied forms of the Foraminifera have commanded an increasing attention from scientific workers, yet it is only within the last few years that any definite knowledge has been obtained of the life history of this interesting Order. The opacity of the investment has made the investigation of the soft parts of the animal, in most cases, practically impossible and, even where the shell exhibited some translucency, as soon as the animal was removed from its normal conditions for observation it withdrew its body to the.centra] portions of the shell, whilst the vital functions either ceased or were for the time being suspended. Two improved methods of enquiry have led up to the present advance in our knowledge of the biology of the Foraminifera. The first of these is an improved method of sectioning the shell introduced by Mons. C. Schlumberger, of Paris, by means of *Unless we accept the statement of L. Cayeux that he has obtained Foraminifera, as well as Radiolaria, from the Pre-Cambrians of Brittany. 112 which. the excessively delicate central chambers of the test are preserved from destruction in the mechanical process ; the second, an ingenious contrivance of Mons. F. Schaudinn, assistant at the Zoological Institute of Berlin, by which Foraminifera can be placed under observation throughout all the phases of their existence. As far back as 1841, Ehrenberg noticed a Spirillina with a great number of young examples within the chambers of the parent shell, and as the observation was unique he conferred upon it the trivial name of vivipara. Similar phenomena were sub- sequently seen by Schultz and other observers in individuals belonging to several different genera. In 1861 Mr. Carter detected the existence of spherules in the chambers of some fossil Foraminifera, which he regarded as “ propagative agents.” * About the same time attention became directed to the structure of the sarcode or protoplasm that formed the living body of the animal, and in 1878 A. Schneider published + the results of his researches with regard to the reproductive processes pertaining to the genus Miliolina. The most striking point of Schneider’s researches was, that in some instances the protoplasmic body became broken up into two kinds of minute bodies, the smaller of these, possessing spontaneous movement, he regarded in the light of spermatozoa, and the larger as ova. The latter developed into young Miliolina, and after secreting a delicate calcareous test passed into a free condition. These observations of Schneider require confirmation. The first definite step in elucidating the life history of the Foraminifera was taken, however, in 1880, when Munier-Chalmas, the distinguished French microscopist, announced that in the case of certain species of Vwmmulites and Assilina the initial chambers were formed on two distinct plans. In the one case the primordial chamber was large, and in the other the same primordial space was occupied by a number of small chambers. Thus the individuals of a species were divided into two natural groups (1) those which had a megalospheric central chamber, and (2) those with a microspheric centre. The external features of the two groups were identical, except that those individuals which had the large central chambers were, in most species, smaller in size than those which had the smaller but more numerous central chambers. This “dimorphism,” as it was called by Munier-Chalmas, has been made the subject of careful and systematic investigation by the last-named eminent savant in conjuction with the able and energetic specialist, Charles * Ann. Mag., Nat. His. Ser. 3, Vol. VIII., 1861, p. 309. + Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Protozoen. Zeits. f. Wiss., Zool., Vol. 30, Sup. 1878, p. 446. uy) sh en ar 113 Schlumberger, and by their united efforts the existence of a dimorphic origin has been demonstrated in the case of over twenty genera. The question that immediately arose, and awaited solution, was, “ What is the meaning of this dimorphism?” That it had a distinct relationship to the process of reproduction was generally inferred, and its significance in this respect has given rise to much discussion. The first point that required determination was whether the dimorphic features were aboriginal in the history of the individual, or caused subsequently to birth by a secondary growth of smaller chambers within the macrospheric chamber, an alternative that was soon decided in favour of the view that the difference was aboriginal. In 1894 Mr. J. J. Lister, in a paper read before the Royal Society of London on “The Life History of the Foraminifera,” gave a full and lucid resumé of the state of knowledge on this subject to date, with many valuable, original observations. Lister’s researches have been directed chiefly to the study of the nuclei of Foraminifera in relation to reproduction. His observa- tions were confined to a limited number of forms, and chiefly the cosmopolitan species, Polystomella crispa. This careful observer was able to note that the nuclei of the megalospheric and microspheric individuals of a species differed essentially from each other. The megalospheric form carries but one large nucleus during the greater part of the life of the individual, whilst the microspheric form, in the place of a large central nucleus, contains several small nuclei. This discovery of a physiological, as well as a morphological difference, in the two forms strengthened the assumption that they owed their difference of form to aboriginal causes. The next point was to establish what relationship the two forms bore to each other in the life history of the species. Did the difference of form mark a difference of sex? Or did the two forms represent a cycle of recurring generations, as may be seen in some other departments of Natural History? Lister was led to discard the sexual hypothesis chiefly from the study of Orbzto- lites complanata, in which he found the young of the megalo- spheric form in the brood chambers of both megalospheric and microspheric individuals; “hence,” he says, “it is impossible to regard either form as male.” Ina postscript to his paper, of slightly later date, he reaches a definite conclusion on this point in the following words, “The fact that the whole of the proto- plasm of the parent is used in the production of the young, and that these are all of one form, supports the view that the two forms of the Foraminifera belong to different generations.” * a * Op. cit., p. 446. 1l4 We must now refer to the brilliant work done by Schaudinn in the elucidation of this interesting biological problem, who quite independently of Lister has been engaged on the same investigations, and by a curious coincidence has taken the same species as Lister (Polystomella crispa) as his principal type. Not only have these two eminent naturalists been independently led to the same conclusion, but Schaudinn has thrown much additional light on the reproductive phenomena of the Foraminifera.* By the use of very high magnifying powers (up to 2,000 diameters) he has watched the changes that take place in the nuclei during the reproductive process, and are of the greatest interest. In the first place he has never seen a nucleus multiply by constriction, as is frequently the case in some Orders of the Protozoa, but the nucleus passes through a succession of very remarkable and com- plex changes which cannot well be made intelligible without reference to the diagrammatic figures by which his work is illustrated. Stated generally, however, the nucleus when passing into the reproductive stage first develops a granular centre, around which gathers a sphere of droplets like an alveolary border. A process of segregation goes on and a cyst is formed, the inner surface of which is covered by a number of compact spheroidal bodies. When matured, the cyst bursts and the spheroids are distributed throughout the protoplasm of the animal as embryonic nucleoids. The next question was to determine the distinctive changes which take place respectively in the megalospheric and micro- spheric forms of propagation. In the case of microspheric generation there develops the cyst-like bodies with included zoospores, as already described. In the crisis of reproduction, the cyst bursts, the corpuscular bodies are set free, and by a rapid circulatory movement, that is set up concurrently in the proto- plasm, they are evenly distributed throughout the mass. At this stage the whole of the protoplasm vacates the shell, forming an irregular mass. The protoplasm then divides into sections of various sizes, each fragment assumes a rounded form, secretes a calcareous test, and this globular test constitutes the primordial chamber of a Polystomella crispa, of the megalospheric form. In these observations two points were established ; first, that the whole of the parent body was used up in the formation of off- spring ; and, secondly, a microspheric individual gave birth to a megalospheric progeny. * For particulars of M. Schaudinn’s investigations I am chiefly indebted to M. Schlumberger, who in the following two papers has given an excellent resumé of Schaudinn’s Preliminary Notes, with a reproduction of Schau- dinn’s figures. Note sur la Biologie des Foraminiferes. La Plastogamie dans les Foraminiferes, par Ch. Schlumberger, in La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, in Mars et Mai, 1896. 4 . . 115 It now became the task of the investigators to watch the evolu- tion of the megalospheric form. A considerable proportion of the nucleoid bodies that during the embryonic condition were scat- tered through the protoplasm of the microspherical individual were seen to unite and form a compact mass, which became the nucieus of a new megalospheric individual, and, according to Lister, such nucleus generally occupies the primordial chamber. When this individual of the megalospherical plan of growth has reached the reproductive stage, the principal nucleus disappears, broken up and absorbed into the protoplasmic mass, and minut2 nuclei make their appearance. A karyokinetic division of all the nuclei follows, the latter acting as centres around which the protoplasm arranges itself, forming small spherical masses which gradually and uniformly become distributed throughout the protoplasmic body until the whole of the body substance is used up in their formation, and the minute spheroids, which are the ultimate product of this extended process of division, are set free _as flagellated zoospores of uniform size. These zoospores form the embryos of the microspheric form of Polystomella crispa. In these results the biological significance of the megalospheric and microspheric plans of growth among the Foraminifera has been explained. It has been demonstrated there are two methods of reproduction—one by the production of embryos, and the other by the emission of spores. The microspherical group produce young in the form of embryos, which develop into megalospheric individuals; and the megalospherical group produce spores, which in turn reproduce the species on the microspherical plan of growth. In a few rare cases, however (Schaudinn noticed three in 4,300), it has been observed that where no principal nucleus was formed in a megalospherical individual, the small nucleoid bodies multiply directly from themselves, forming embryos instead -of spores. In this case a megalospherical parent produces megalospheric offspring without an intermediate microspheric generation. The proportion of numbers in the two forms is worthy of note. The megalospheric form is much more common than the microspheric. The proportion in Polystomella crispa, according to Lister, is in the ratio of 34 to 1; and in Adelosina polygonia, according to Schlumberger, the relative proportions areas 8 tol. The season of the year has apparently something to do with these relative numbers, for the microspheric, or spore- produced forms, on Lister’s observations, occur in greater numbers in the height of summer than in other parts of the year. If I may for a moment longer tax your patience in reviewing these biological researches I would refer to a recent discovery in which M. Schaudinn has still further advanced our knowledge of the life history of the Foraminifera. He has obtained abundant 116 evidence of the occurrence of copulation in some species which he has had under observation. His preliminary notes* on this subject have, by the consent of the author, been summarized and translated into French by M. Schlumberger in a paper published in La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, in May, 1896, to which I am indebted for a knowledge of this part of M. Schaudinn’s dis- coveries. Prior to the discovery now referred to, copulation had been observed to take place among some of the Rhizopoda, but no exact determination had been made of the changes that were thereby induced in the individuals concerned in the act; and, prior to the observations made by Schaudinn, no one had noted the occurrence of copulation among the Foraminifera. The researches of Maupas and Hartog on the methods of reproduction among the lower forms of life, both in the vegetable and animal kingdoms, published about five years ago, undoubtedly prepared the way for the recent discoveries among the Foraminifera. Maupas had pointed out that in the lower organisms long-con- tinued propagation by fission without fusion resulted in a state of senescene and ultimate extinction. This has been abundantly confirmed by Professor Hartog, who says :—‘‘ We have evidence on all sides to show that a sexual] reproduction, colonial or cellular, is rarely continued indefinitely in those organisms which have a sexual process. After a certain continuance of asexual reproduction the strain deteriorates.” + What the author calls a ‘rejuvenescence ” must be attained by fusion of individuals to prevent degeneration, and maintain the vigour of the organism. To reach this rejuvenescence, in the case of the Protozoa, Hartog notes that there are two leading types of reproduction, which he designates respectively Karyogamy and Plastogamy. Karyogamy (a term first used by Maupas) is defined by Hartog to be “ the’ fusion of two or more nuclei as well as of the cytoplasts into a. uninucleate cell.” +‘ Plastogamy is the cytoplastic union of cells without nuclear fusion. This, of course, brings about com- plete mixture of the cytoplasts, comparable to that of the nuclei in Karyogamy.”§ In the discoveries of Schaudinn, to be im- mediately referred to, it will be seen that copulation among the Foraminifera is plastogamic rather than karyogamic. For the purposes in view, Schaudinn has chiefly confined his observations to two species of Foraminifera, Patellina corrugata and Discorbina globularis, both of which are common forms in * F. Schaudinn, Ucber Plastogamie bei Foram.; Sitz. Bericht. d. Gresellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde, 1895, No. 10. +‘*Some Problems of Reproduction,” by M. M. Hartog, Quar. Jour. Micro. Soc., vol. XX XIII. (1892), p. 64. + Ibid. § Ibid. 117 Australian waters. One point clearly demonstrated is that copulation can only take place under conditions in which the respective individuals are qualified for copulation. These condi- tions are apparently determined by the state of the nucleus. Copulation only ensues when the individuals concerned have but a single nacleus and this nucleus at rest, that is to say, not undergoing sub-division. In every case observed where one or both of the individuals of the same species had their nuclei on the way to divide, the pseudopodia instead of fusing shrank away from each other, but when two individuals approached each other having their nuclei in the embryonic chamber, in a quiescent condition, copulation ensued. These results were observed, not only in the case of such examples as happened to come into contact fortuitously, but were repeatedly experimentally confirmed by Schaudinn, who used artificial means in bringing individuals to- gether in various states with regard to their nuclear condition. The act of copulation in the case of Patellina consists ap- parently in the fusion of the protoplasm—that is, the cytoplast as distinct from the nweleus in the individuals concerned. First the pseudopodial extensions touch and merge and ultimately the main portions blend, by which means the respective tests are raised until they touch, not face to face, but at an angle forming a V shaped space between the two shells. The open sides are rapidly built up by the organisms with grains of sand and other fortui- tous fragments that may be at hand, to give the greater protec- tion, and (as we have already seen taken place in the case of Polystomella crispa when in the act of reproduction) the whole of the animal substance leaves the shells and is united into one mass enclosed within the chamber formed for the occasion. After the lapse of an hour or two, or even days, the protoplasmic mass breaks up and concentrates around the nuclei; each little frag- ment takes a globular form and secretes a test which forms the embryological chamber of the new life. When the embryos are ready for independent existence the temporary barriers are broken and they escape from the ‘ nuptial cavern.” In this act of copulation several individuals can take part concurrently (Schaudinn actually observed groups up to five) but they must all be mononucleary in condition, and the fusion is limited to the protoplasm as distinct from the nuclei. The process of copulation in Discorbina is very similar to that already described in the case of Patellina. The flat faces of the tests are brought together so that the respective apertures can readily communicate. Portions of the walls of the final chambers are even reabsorbed to permit of freer intercourse, and the open space between the shells temporally enclosed by a film of carbonate of lime. The multiplication of the nuclei and the formation of K 118 embryos go on simultaneously in the two individuals. Each nucleus forms an embryo—only one nucleus to each embryo—and the latter develops two or three chambers by growth before it escapes from the conjugal enclosure. It is therefore clear that, whilst an agamic reproduction is the commonest method of increase among the Foraminifera, a conjugal union of individuals is necessary at certain times and under fit conditions as a means of preventing the deterioration of the species. Jt has also been established, so far as the species placed under observation are concerned, that the act of copulation is exclusively of the nature of plastogamy. Quite recently Mr. J. J. Lister has propounded a very ingeni- ous theory to explain the alteration of plan of growth which takes place in the microspheric forms of Biloculina and Triloculina.* Among the Mailiolide the principal types exhibit a biloculine, triloculine, or quinqueloculine test, according as two, three, or five chambers are exposed externally. It has been observed that in the case of the (?sexually produced) microspheric forms of Triloculina the early chambers of the shell are arranged on a quinqueloculine plan, changing in the later stages to the trilocu- line arrangement; and in the case of Siloculina, the early chambers are quinqueloculine, then triloculine, and _ finally biloculine. No such transmutations of form occur in the (asexual) megalospheric forms, but these are respectively either triloculine or biloculine throughout their growth. The questions Mr. Lister has attempted to solve are—First, why this remark- ‘able change should take place in the growth of the genera referred to; and, second, why such a change should be characteristic of the microspheric and not the megalospheric form. The assump- tion is, that the sexually-preduced microspheric form goes out of its way to repeat the arrangement characteristic of allied forms before it attains the arrangement proper to its own genus. Mr. Lister says—‘‘ Is not this a particular instance of a phenomenon widely met with in higher forms of animals, in which the indi- viduals produced by budding attain the adult structure by a direct development, while those produced from the egg often develop by an indirect course, going out of their way to repeat lost features characteristic of the archaic forms of their race? . In the case of higher animals the larval stages are lost, the body of the larva being fashioned into that of the adult, but in this group of the Protozoa, the Miliolidz, the peculiar structure of the young is permanently recorded, being built in and retained in the centre of the chambers subsequently added.”+ If Mr. Lister’s *«* A Possible Explanation of the Quinqueloculine arrangement of the Chambers in the Young of the Microspheric Forms of Z'riloculina and Biloculina,” Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., vol. I[X., p. 236 (1897). + Op. cit. 119 interpretation of these structural phenomena be correct, it follows that the quinqueloculine plan of growth is the primitive type of the group, whilst the triloculine and biloculine varieties represent later modifications of the primitive form in its successive stages of evolution. FORAMINIFERA IN BOULDER CLAY. What promises to have an important bearing on the theory of the formation of Boulder Clay in the Northern Hemisphere is the discovery of Foraminifera in the glacial deposits of Ireland, Scotland, England, Denmark and other Continental countries. As far back as 1879, Mr. Joseph Wright, of Belfast, began an examination of the Boulder Clay for Foraminifera, and has summarised his latest results in two papers published in the Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow for 1894 and 1895. In almost every instance in which he examined the unstratitied Till of Ireland and Scotland, he found Foraminifera present in the material. The shells, which in the majority of «cases were rare, were found free from either weathering or abrasion, and had evidently lived and died im setw. It would have been of great interest if Mr. Wright had indicated at what height above the sea the samples were taken from, and whether the Boulder Clay of high altitudes carried the same evidences of foraminiferal life as the Clay at lower levels. The attention of other investigators having been called to these occurrences, Mr. T. Mellard Reade* has been successful in finding Foraminifera in the Boulder Clay of England. Dr. Madsen+ has made a similar discovery in Denmark, and Johannes Korn { in Germany. The unstratified Till has been hitherto generally considered as a moraine profunde, but if the evidences now adduced be confirmed as a feature pertaining to the Till in general, it will prove beyond question that it has been laid down under marine con- ditions. THE DETERMINATION OF LOCAL FAUN&. The recent work done among the Foraminifera in determina- tion of local faunze commands a moments notice. In the lamented death of my friend and frequent helper (Henry B. Brady, F.R.S.) in 1891, the most conspicuous British authority on the Foram- inifera was removed fromus. His death left a gap in the British ranks that has not been adequately filled by any one particular worker in this department of natural history, but there are not a few whose labors are worthy of honorable mention. The monograph on “ The Foraminifera of the Crag,” which was begun * Proc. Liverpool Geo. Soc., 1896. + Middelelser Fra Dansk. Geologisk Forening, 1895. t+ Ueber Foraminiferen in Glacialthonen. Neus Jahrbuch fiir Mineral, Geol. und Paliontol. Stuttgart, 1895. 120 by the publication of Part I. in the Paleontographical Society’s volume for 1865, has, after an interval of thirty years, been com- pleted in the Society’s volume for 1895. The authorship of the earlier part was by Messrs. Rupert Jones, W. K. Parker, and H. B. Brady. Of this distinguished triad only the first-named_ re- mains with usto-day. Prof. Rupert Jones, whose name will ever stand in the first rank of students of the Foraminifera, and who has nearly completed his half century of observations in this de- partment of study, takes the leading position in the completion of the monograph. He has been ably assisted by H. W. Burrows, C. D. Sherborn, F. W. Millett, R. Holland, and F. Chapman, cath, of whom brings a special knowledge to bear on the branch of the work entrusted to him. It is significant of the progress the science has made in the interval that no less than thirty-one of the specific determinations made in Part I. have had to be corrected in their classification in the Part just published. Mr. Frederick Chapman, F.R.M.S., who either independently or as collaborator with other well known naturalists, has greatly en- riched our knowledge of the British fossil Foraminifera, has for more than ten years been engaged on a monograph of the Foram- inifera of the Gault, of which nine Parts have already been pub- lished and about 250 species figured. Mr. Chapman’s patient and exhaustive labors are all the more valuable in that he has worked out the foraminiferal fauna of the Gault in relation to the zonal distribution of the species. Deep sea dredging for scientific purposes has, of late years, been prosecuted by many of the leading nations of the world. An expedition of this kind was carried out by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “ Albatross” in 1891, under the scientific control of Alexander Agassiz, the able Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at ; Harvard College. The ground investigated was an unexplored region of the ocean floor off the West coast of Central America, from the Galapagos on the Equator to the Gulf of California as the northern limits of the explorations, and has yielded material for a large number of monographs in eluci- dation of the rich and interesting faunz then obtained. The Foraminifera were intrusted to Axel Goés, the eminent Swedish naturalist, who has worked out with distinguished ability the very rich foraminiferal material obtained in these dredgings, and has added to our knowledge a large number of new forms. Goés’ Work forms the XX Bulletin of the series, and was published in 1896. One of the most valuable contributions to our subject within recent years is that of Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek and R. Fennema in a joint description of the Geology of Java and Madoura*, * Description geologique de Java et Madoura. Tomes Ir. Amsterdam, 1896. 121 published last year in two volumes by order of the Governor- General of the Netherlands East India. The islands of Java, Sumatra, and others that are adjacent, possess a remarkable assemblage of large Foraminifera, chiefly of Tertiary . age, belonging to several genera. The authors referred to have con- fined their attention mainly to these conspicuous forms, and particularly those belonging to the Family Nummulinide, which they have described with great care and illustrated by detailed drawings that are models in their clear and faithful representation of the objects described. The Work must rank as one of the most important contributions in the elucidation of this important family of the Foraminifera. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Before I conclude, I must refer to one more important contri- bution to the study of the Foraminifera, which, though not dealing with research in the ordinary use of that term, has placed all original workers under lasting obligations to its author. I refer to Mr. Charles Davies Sherborn’s exhaustive work, ‘An Index to the Genera and Species of the Foraminifera,” published by the Smithsonian Institution, in two parts; Part I. being issued in 1893, and Part II. in 1896. Mr. Sherborn had already secured a world-wide reputation by his ‘‘ Bibliography of the Foraminifera,” brought down to the year 1888, and his *‘ Index” supplies a ready reference to all species that have been described up to 1889. The work is an inestimable boon to the specialist, not only minimising the labour of wading through a voluminous and scattered literature, but has greatly iimited the chances of duplication in the description and naming of species. In the same direction I cannot forbear mentioning the valuable aid which naturalists, in general, will in future obtain from the “ Record of Geological Literature,” which the Geological Society of London has recently undertaken to publish as an annual volume. The scheme followed will practically amount to a Bibliography, in at least the geological field of investigation, and be the means of calling attention to the published results of of workers in the same departments of study that might other- wise be overlooked. DONATIONS | POT te 1 ee For the Year 1896-97. TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, AND REPORTS. Presented by the respective Societies, Editors, and Governments. AUSTRIA AND GERMANY. Berlin—Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, band X XX. No. 6; XXXI., No. 1. ———— Verhandlungen, ditto, band X XITII., Nos. 1 to 3. Sitzungberichte der Ko6niglich Preuss. Akad. der Wis- senschaft. zu Berlin, Nos. 40 to 53 (1895), and Nos. 1 to 25 (1897). ——— Abhand. der Konig. Preuss. Metereolog. Instituts, Ergeb. der Beobacht. an den Stationen, 1893, 1894, 1896. Bericht uber die Thatigkeit, ditto, 1896. Gottingen—Nachricht. von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissensch. u. d. Georg-August. Universitat, heft 3 to 4 (1896), heft 1 (1897). Halle—Leopoldina, heft 31. | Nova Acta der K. Leopold-Carol. Deut. Akad. der Naturforscher, band LXIITI., No. 1; LXVI., No. 1. Kiel—Schrift. der Naturwiss. Vereins fiir Schleswig-Holstein, band X., heft 2. Munich—Sitzungsb. der Mathem.-Physik. Classe der K. B. Akad. der Wissensch. zu Munich, heft 3-4 (1896), heft 1 (1897). Vienna—Sitzungsb. der Mathem.-Naturwissen. Classe Kaiser. Akad. der Wissensch., Nos. 7, 13, 14, 17 (1897). ——— Verhand. der K. Geolog. Reichenstalt, Nos. 13-15 (1896), Nos. 1, 2, 3, 7,8, TO) Tie Bat ieod ) —-—- K.K. Gradmess.-Bureau, Astronom. Arbeiten, band VIEL, (1896): ——— Verhand. der K.K. Zoolog.-Botan. Gesellsch. in Wien, band XLVL., heft 9, 10. ——— Annalen der K.K. Naturhist. Hofmuseums, band X., Nos. 2-4; band XI., Nos. 1-4. Wurzburg—Sitzungsb. der Physik.-Medicin. Gesellsch., Nos. 1 to 11 (1896). ea = == 123 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. Adelaide—Gov. Geologist — Report Arltunga Goldfield and Hart’s Range Mica Field (1897) Brisbane— Depart. of Agriculture—Botany Abridged, 2nd Edit., 1897. Royal Society of Queensland, vol. XII. Hobart—Royal Society of Tasmania, Papers and Proceedings, 1897. Melbourne— Victorian Naturalist, vol. XITI., Nos. 9 to 12 ; vol. XIV., Nos. 2 to 4. — Royal Society of Victoria—Proceedings, vol. TX., fee, Vol. -X.) pt.’ T. — Royal Geograph. Society of Australia—Transactions, vol. XIV. —-— Department of Mines and Water—Annual Report, 1896. Report on the Bendigo Gold Fields, Nos. 1-2. Sydney—Australian Museum—Memoirs III., Atoll of Funafuti. Records, vol. III., No. 2. Report, 1896. —w— Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. XXX., 1896. —— Agricultural Gazette, vol. VIT., parts 10-11; vol. VIIT., pts. 1-5, 7. —— Linnean Society—Proceedings, vol. X XI., pts. 3, 4. —— Department of Mines and Agriculture—Records of the Geolog. Survey of N.S.W., vol. V., pt. 2. Report, 1896. ——— Sydney Observatory—Meteorological Observations (H. L. Russell). Wellington, N.Z.—New Zealand Institute — Transactions and Proceedings, 1896. ——— Department Lands and Survey — Reports, 1894-5 ; 1895-6. BELGIUM. Brussels—Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belge, tome 39, 1895. Memoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liege, tome XIX. CANADA. Halifax—Nova Scotian Institute Nat. Sciences, Proceedings, vol. IX., part 1. Montreal—Canadian Record of Science, vol. VII., No. 4. Ottawa—Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, 1894 ; ditto, 1895. Toronto—Canadian Institute: Annual Reports, 1887, 1892, 1893, 1894; Transactions, vol. I., part 1; Pro- ceedings, vol. I., parts 1, 2. 124 FRANCE. Nantes—Bulletin de la Société Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, tome VI., Nos. 2, 3 (1896). Paris—Feuilles des Jeunes Naturalistes, Nos. 314 to 321. Bulletin des Seances Société Entomologique, Nos. 15 to 20 (1896); Nos. 1 to 12 (1897). Annales, vol. LXIV. (1895). —— Bulletin des Museums d'Histoire Naturelle-Gcéologie des Indes Anglaises. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Cambridge —Philosophical Society, Proceedings, vol. IX., part 5. Dublin—Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings, vol. IV. part 1. Edinburgh—Royal Physical Society, Proceedings, 1895-6. ——— Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. XX. —— Edinburgh Geological Society, Transactions. London-—Royal Microscopical Society, Journal, parts 5, 6 (1896) ; parts 1 to 4 (1897). Royal Society, Proceedings, vol. LX., Nos. 360 to 368 ; vol. LXI., Nos. 369 to 376. Linnean Society, Proceedings, Nov., 1895; June, 1896. Entomological Society of London, vol. 1896. Chemical Society, Journal. Imperial Institute, Journal, vol. II., Nos. 22, 23; vol. ITT., No. 26. Leeds—Journal of Conchology, vol. VIII. Nos. 8 to 11. Manchester—Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, vol. XLI., parts 1 to 3. ———_— Manchester Geological Society, vol. XXIV., part 10; vol. XXV., parts 4 to 7. INDIA. Calcutta—Indian Museum, Ancient Coins, parts 3, 4. Madras—Madras Government Museum, Bulletin, vol. II., No. 1. tie ITALY. Florence—Societa Entomologica Italiana, Bulletin I. to IV., 1897. Milan—Atti della Societa Italiana Scienze Naturali Milano, vol. XXX VI., Nos. 15 to 26; vol. XXX VIII., Nos. 1 to 7. Palermo—Bolletino della Societia Botanico di Palermo, Anno I., part 1. Pisa—Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, vol. XV. Turin—Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata dello R. Univer. di Torino, vol. XI., Nos. 260 to 267; vol. XII., Nos. 268 to 292. 125 JAVA. _ Batavia—Natrkuncig Tidschrift deel LVI.; Boekwerken, 1896. _ Amsterdam—Geological Description of Java and Madoura, tomes I., II., with maps. JAPAN. Tokio— Asiatic Society, Transactions, vol. XXTV. -——— Seismological Society, Transactions, 1896. College of Science, aaa of Japan, vol. IX., part 2 ; vol. X., parts 1, Geograph. Soc. of J an vol. XA VITE, No.3, Mexico. Mexico—NSociedad Cientifica, tomo IX., Nos. 9,10; tomo X., Nos. 1 to 4. Instituto Geologico, Bolletino, Nos. 4 to 6. Norway AND SWEDEN. Bergens—Bergens Museum Aarbag, 1896, part 1 (Isopoda), part 2 (Crustacea) ; 1897, parts 3 to 6. Christiana—Den Norske Nordhavs Expedit., 1876-75, No. XXIII. (Tunicata), No. XXIV. (Protophyta). Fauna Norvegiz, No. I.(Phyllocarida of Phyllopoda). Norvegischen Meteor. Instit. Jahrbuch, 1893-4-5. —- Norronaskellen Crania Antiqua, 1897. ——_¥— Philologiske Afghandlingen. _Stockholm—Geologiska Foreningens, 1896. Entomologisk Tidschrift, vol. 1896, heft 1 to 4. Stavanger—Stavanger Museum Aarb., 1895. Trondhjem—Kongelige Norske Videnskabers, 1894-5. Upsala— University of Upsala, Bulletin of Geological Institution, vol. IT., parts 2 to 4. RuvssIA. Moscow —Société Impériale des Naturalistes, bulletin Nos. 2 to 3, 1896. St. Petersburg—Société Impériale Mineral., band 32. Comité Geologique, bulletin tome XIV., Nos. 2 to 4; tome XV., Nos. 2-5 ——-——---——— Academie Impériale des Sciences. Bulletin, tome VI, Nos.‘1 to, 3. SWITZERLAND. Geneva—Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Compte Rendue des Seances, vol., XIII., 1896. Lausanne—Socicté Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, bulletin XXXII. Nos. 121-122; XXXIII., No. 123. Meuchatel— Société Neuchatelaise de Géographie, bulletin, tome, VITTI., 1894-5. —_. 126 SoutH AMERICA. Buenos Aires—Acadomia Nacional de Ciencias, boletin, tome, XIV., Nos. 3, 4. Montevideo—Musee Nacional, annales V., VI., VII. . Rio de Janein—Observatoria, Annuario 1896. —— Musee Nacional], Archivos, vol. VIII. SoutH AFRICA. Cape Town— Philosophical Society, vol., VII., pt. 2. UNITED STATES AMERICA. Baltimore—John Hopkins’ University Studies, series XIII., Nos: 9 to 12; XIV., Nos. 1 to 5; circulars, vol. XVI., Nos. 129-130. —-—- American Chemical Journals, vol. XVII., Nos. 8 to- 10; XVIIT., Nos. 1 to 5. -— Journal of Philclogy, vol. XVI., Nos. 2 to 4. Boston-—Society National History Proceedings, vol. XX VII. American Acaaemy of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings, vol. X XITI. Cambridge—Harvard Museum Comparative Zoology, Bulletin, vol. XX VITI., Nos. 2,3; XXX., Nos. 1 to 6. Cincinnati—Society of National History, Journal, vol. X VIII.,. Nos. 3, 4; XIX., No. 1. Chicago—Field Columbian Museum, vol. I., Nos. 1 to 5. Grenville, Ohio—Scientific Laboratories, Denison University,. vol. | LX; apt. d: New York—Academy of Sciences, annals, vol. [X., Nos. 1, 3. — Microscopical Society, vol. XI]., No. 4; XIII, Nos. | to 3. Philadelphia—Academy Natural Sciences, Proceedings, parts 1, 2, 1896. Rochester, N.Y.—Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, vol. LIL, pt. I: San Francisco—Californian Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, vol. V., pt. 2; Memoirs, vol. III., No. 5. Salem——-American Association, Advance. Science, Proceedings, 1895. St. Louis—Missouri Botanic Gardens Report, 1896. Washington—National Academy of Sciences Memoirs, vol, ITI. -— U.S. Geologicol Survey—Annual Report, 15, 16; Bulletins 123, 126, 128, 129, 131, 134. ————— Department of Agriculture, N.A. Fauna, No. 12 ;. Monograph, Common Birds in their relation to Agriculture. Date of Election. 1857. 1893. _ 1897. 1897. LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &c. NovemMBer, 1897. Those marked (F) were present at the first meeting when the Society was: founded. Those marked (L) are Life Fellows. Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers published in the Society’s. Transactions. Any changes in the addresses should be notified to the Secretary. HONORARY FELLOWS BARKELEY, Sir Henry, K.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.R.S., Royal Colonial Institute, London. *CossMANN, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. *Davip, T. W. E., B.A., Professor of Geology, Sydney University, New South Wales. *DENNANT, JOHN, F.G.S., Inspector Technical Schools, Camberwell, Victoria. Evuery, R. L. J., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., late Government Astronomer Victoria, The Observatory, Melbourne, Victoria. *ETHERIDGE, RoBERT, Director Australian Museum, Sydney. GARRAN, A., L.L.D., Sydney, New South Wales. GREGORIO, MARQUIS DE, Palermo, Sicily. Hvti, H. M., Hobart, Tasmania. Littuez, E. Russet, H. C., B.A., F.R.%., F.R.A.S., Government Astr onomer New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales. *Witson, J. T., M.D., Professor of Anatomy, Sydney University. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Baruty, F.M., F.L.S., Colonial Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland. *CLoup, T. C., F.C.S., Manager Wallaroo Smelting Works, South Australia. *ForLscHeE, PAut, Inspector of Police, Palmerston, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. GoLpDsTEIN, J. R. Y., Melbourne, Victoria. *Kempg, Rev. J., Australia. *McKitiop, Rev. Davin, 8..J., late Daly River Mission, Northern Territory. *Maipen, J. H., F.L.S., F.C.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. *“MASKELL, W. M., Wellington, New Zealand. Nicoiay, Rev. C. G., Freemantle, Western Australia. *RicHarps, Mrs. A., Mount Barker, South Australia. *Scuuitz, Rev. Lovts. *STIRLING, JAMES, Government Geologist, Victoria. *STrRETTON, W. G., Palmerston, Northern Territory 1887. 1874. 1897. 1887. 1893. 1887. 1884. 1886. 1882. 1883. 1897. 1893. 1884. 1879. 1876. 1895. 1880. 1887. 1876. 1896. 1893. 1890. 1886. 1882. 1889. 1880. 1887. 1896. 1896. 1891. 1883. 1895. 1896. 1853. 1894, 1897" 1884. 1856. 1888. 1885. 1896. 1897. 1874, 128 FELLOWS, Apcock, D. J., Adelaide, South Australia. Anaas, J. H., Adelaide, South Australia, AsuBy, Epwin, Adelaide, South Australia. Bacor, Jonn, Adelaide, South Australia. *BEDNALL, W. T., Adelaide, South Australia. *BLACKBURKN, Rrv. THomas, B.A., Woodville, South Australia. Borttcer, Orro, Adelaide, South Australia. *Bracc, W. H., M.A., Professor of Mathematics, University of Adelaide, South Australia. Brown, L. G. Adelaide, South Australia. *Brown, H. Y. L., F.G.8., Government Geologist South ‘Antinied Adelaide. Browne, J. H., North Adelaide, South Australia. BromMitT, Ropert, M.R.C.8., England, Kooringa, South Australia. Bussey, J. W., F.R.M.S., North Adelaide, South Australia. *CLELAND, W.L., M.B., Ch.M., J.P., Colonial Surgeon, Resident Medical Officer Parkside Lunatic Asylum, Lecturer on Materia Medica’ University of Adelaide, Parkside, South Australia. (1) Cooke, E., Commissioner of Audit South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. Cookk, JoHN H., Adelaide, South Australia. Cox, W. C., Semaphore, South Australia. *Dixon, SAMUEL, Adelaide, South Australia. Dospik, A. W., Adelaide, South Australia. DrumMMoND, J. H. G., M.D., Moonta. Dupnay;,, Us, Drake, N.S. W. *KasT, a J, 9 tae S (Corresponding Member, 1884), Kalgoorlie, WA FLEMING, Davin, North Adelaide, South Australia. Fow Ler, Wr1aM, Melton, Yorke’s Peninsula, South Australia. Frasier, J. C., Adelaide, South Australia. *GoYDER, GEORGE, JuUN., F.C.S., Government Analyst South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. Graspy, W. C., F.L.S., Grenfell-street, Adelaide, South Australia. GREENWAY, Thomas J., East Adelaide. Hawker, HK. W., LL.B., B.A., F.G.S., Gladstone Chambers, Adelaide. *Hoirze, Maurice, F.L.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Adelaide (Corresponding Member, 1882), Adelaide, South Australia. *HowcHIn, WALTER, F.G.S., Goodwood East, South Australia. James, THomas, M.R.C.S., England, Moonta, South Australia. Jonss, J. W., Conservator of Water, Adelaide. (F) Kay, Ropert, General Director and Secretary South Australian Public Library, Museum, &c., Adelaide, South Australia. KERSHAW, JAMES A., Entomologist National Museum, Melbourne. Lea, A. M., Col. Entomologist, Perth, W.A. LENDON, A. A., M.D., M.R.C.8., Honorary Physician Childrens Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. Luoyp, J. S., Adelaide, South Australia. *Lowerr, O. B., F. Ent. 8., Broken Hill, N.S.W. *Lucas, R. B., Adelaide, South Australia. LukowiTz, M. von, M.D., Adelaide. Marsu, C. W., Menzies, W.A. Mayo, G. G., C.E., Adelaide, South Australia. 129 *Mryrick, KE. T., B.A., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England. Mouineux, A., F.L.S., Secretary Central Agricultural Bureau South Australia, Kent Town, South Australia, (L) Murray, Davin, Adelaide, South Australia. Munton, H. 8., Brighton, South Australia. PARKER, THomas, C.E., F.G.S., Rockhampton, Queensland. Perks, R. 4., M.D., F.R.C.S., Adelaide, South Australia. Puiuurpes, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia. Poor, W. B., Adelaide, South Australia. PrrestLeEy, P. H., Unley Road, Parkside. Ramage, Rev. GRANVILLE, Norwood, South Australia. *RENNIE. H. #., M.A., D.Sc., F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry Uni- versity of Adelaide. Rutt, WATER, C.E., Assistant Engineer-in-Chief, Adelaide, South Australia. Sretway, W. H., Jun., Adelaide, South Australia. Simson, Avucustus, Hobart, Tasmania. SMEATON, THomas D., Blakiston, Littlehampton, South Australia. SmitH, Ropert Barr, Adelaide, South Australia. *STIRLING, EDWARD C., C.M.G.,MA., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Physiology University of Adelaide, Director South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. *STREICH, Victor, F.G.S., Windanya, W.A. *Tats, Rapa, F.G.S., Professor of Natural Science University of Adelaide. “TEPPER, J.G.O., F.L.S., Entomologist South Australian Museum (Corresponding Member, 1878), Adelaide, South Australia. *TURNER, A. JEFFERIS, M.D., Brisbane. VARDON, JOSEPH, J.P., Adelaide, South Australia. *Verco, JosepH C., M.D, F.R,C.S., Lecturer on Therapeutics University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. Warnwaeicat, E. H., B.Sc., St. Peter’s College, South Australia. Ware, W. L., Adelaide, South Australia. Way, SAmvEL J., D.C.L., Chief Justice and Lieutenant-Governor South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. *WHITTELL, Horatio, M.D., M.R.C.S., F.R.M.S., President Jentral Board of Health and City Coroner, Adelaide, South Australia. *Z1eTz, A. H. C., F.L.S., Assistant Director South Australian Museum, South Australia. ASSOCIATE, CLELAND, JoHN B., Parkside, South Australia. — 130 FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE oval Society of South Australia. FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE, BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1897. Evening Meetings.—Hight evening meetings have been held, at which papers have been given as under :— 1896. Oct. 20—Mr. O. E. Menzel, ‘ Botanical Excursions in - N.S. Wales.” Nov. 17—Various members, Results of Excursion to Port Elliot, Port Victor, &e. 1897. Apl. 13—Mr. J. Aitken, “The Fauna of Boston Island, Port Lincoln.” May 18—Mr. J. W. Mellor, ‘“‘ Notes of a Collecting Trip to the Flinders Ranges.” June 15—Miss J. L. Hussey, “A Few Notes on South Australian Algee.” | July 20—Mr. E. Ashby, “ Marine Life on the Brighton Rocks.” — Aug. 17—Mr. W. Howchin, F.G.S., ‘‘The Glacial Age in South — Australia.” Sept. 31—Annual meeting, Chairman’s Address by Mr. M. Symonds Clark. 4 The aggregate attendance at these meetings has been greater than — for several years past. It will be seen that the subjects dealt — with have embraced several departments in Natural History, the | greatest interest, judging by the attendance, being shown in Mr. | Howchin’s address on the “Glacial Age in South Australia.” Most of the papers have been given by, scientifically speaking, | the younger members of the Section, which must be regarded as a — hopeful sign. The exhibits have again been numerous and in- | teresting, and have given practical evidence of the enthusiasm of | collectors, especially in the departments of botany, ornithology, — 131 and conchology. At the September meeting the orchid Acianthus caudatus, found by Miss Hussey near Port Elliot, was exhibited for the first time in the Section’s history. Excursions.—During the year eleven excursions have been held, of which the following is a list :— 1896. Oct. 10—Norton’s Summit. «¢ — 24_National Park. Nov. 7-9—Three days excursion to Port Elliot, Port Victor, &e. 1897. Feby. 20—Trawling and dredging off Glenelg. April 10—Dredging in Port River. May 15—The Grange (Pine Forest). June 12—Henley Beach to Glenelg. July 17—Black Hill. Aug. 21—Semaphore to Grange. Sept. 1—Golden Grove and Gorge of the Little Para River. «¢ 18—Blackwood. ‘The most noteworthy excursion was the three days’ visit to Port Elliot, &c., in November last, when about twenty members enjoyed a pleasant and profitable holiday. Several plants new to most of the party were then gathered by them for the first time. In the winter months the coast was visited, chiefly for securing shells, while in the summer there were two trips on the sea, one off Glenelg, for trawling and dredging; the other in the Port River, for dredging only. One excursion was held chiefly for the study of ornithology. The whole-day trip on September lst to Golden Grove and the Gorge of the Little Para River {which places had not been visited together for 13 years) was successful both from a social and scientific point of view, and _ additional pleasure was given to the occasion through the kind hospitality of Mrs. Robertson, of Golden Grove. The remaining excursions were made to the hills, including that favourite resort —National Park. Protection of our Native Fawna and Flora.—A separate report is, as usual, presented by this Committee, which, it will be seen, has been engaged in formulating a new Bill to afford better pro- tection to our native birds and other animals. Royal Societys Library.—The members of the Section were reminded during the year that they had the privilege of access ‘to the valuable collection of books in the Royal Society’s Library. Rules.—Owing to the necessity of a reprint of the Section’s Rules, the Committee have gone through them seriatim, and have suggested a few alterations which they think will be an ‘improvement. cn 132 Financial.—The subscriptions have again considerably ex- ceeded the payments, the former having amounted to £15, while the disbursements have only been slightly over £10. Membership.—Fresh names continue to be added to our roll of membership, whilst, as always happens, some have been removed from various reasons. The number now on the roll is 88. M. Symonps CLark, Chairman. W. H. Setway, Jun., Hon. Secretary. Adelaide, 20th September, 1897. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT. OF) THE, NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEET- ING OF THE SECTION ON 21st SEPTEMBER, 1897. The Birds Protection Act.—The chief business of your Com- mittee has been the preparation of a bill for the further protec- tion of the native fauna, embodying most of the provisions (in an amended form) of the Game Act and the Kangaroo Protection Act, together with some new clauses. Your Committee, believing that the term ‘‘ Game Act” was misleading, adopted the name of the “ Birds’ Protection Act.” The new clauses comprise pro- visions, amougst others, for the protection of Cape Barren geese on their island breeding places; for the establishment of public and private reserves for the protection of birds and other animals : for preventing the sale of kangaroo skins of less than 1 |b. in weight ; for the issue of licences to trap alive birds, &c., for the purpose of domestication ; and for the granting of permits to scientific collectors, providing, however, that such licences and permits shall become void on conviction of the holder of any offence under the Act. The first schedule comprises birds and lizards to be protected during the whole year, the native birds being distinguished by the scientific family or generic names taken from Gould’s Handbook to the Birds of Australia. The second schedule includes all other birds and quadrupeds, with certain named exceptions, to be protected during portions of the _ year. Mr. Wm. White generously offered to submit the draft bill to his solicitor, who suggested several amendments of a verbal nature, which greatly improved the measure. The Minister of — Education has kindly promised to take charge of the bill. It is +t , Pe Z 133 now in print, and your Committee hope it may be introduced this session. The Mount Lofiy Recreation Reserve.—In response to a com- munication from the Secretary, a letter was received from Mr. L. J. Milford, Honorary Secretary to the Committee taking charge of this Reserve, stating that his Committee would do all in their power to prevent the destruction of shrubs and birds upon the Reserve. Kangaroo District, No. 2.—The period proclaimed for the pro- tection of kangaroos in the western portion of the colony having expired, the Secretary wrote to the Commissioner of Crown Lands suggesting an extension of the period for another term, and on the 14th inst. he received an intimation that this request had been complied with. A notice in the Gazette of the 9th inst. proclaims an extension for two years from the 8th inst. as regards this district, comprising the Crown Lands in counties Robinson, Dufferin, Way, Kintore, and Hopetoun. Your Committee having last week observed a report of a seizure in Victoria of a number of ducks, teal, &c., amounting to some 3,000 head, which had been destroyed in the close season, the Secretary wrote to the Commissioner of Crown Lands and Survey, Melbourne, congratulating him on the seizure, and ex- pressing the hope that adequate penalties had been imposed upon the perpretators of such wholesale destruction. Your Committee, in conclusion, desire to express their thanks to the Commissioner of Crown Lands, the Minister of Education, and the Commissioner of Police for assistance given in carrying out their aims. SAMUEL WJIxoN, Chairman. M. Symonps Crark, Hon. Secretary. Adelaide, 20th September, 1897. 134 ‘L681 ‘toquieydeg 430% ‘oprepepy ‘JaINSvIIT, pue Arvya1909g ‘WOH -s1091pnY | ee ‘IVIGVA ‘SOHL “vag SAVMATIS "H “AN ‘SNVAW ‘SOHAL *qyoo1100 punoj pue poyIpny & OL 8cF o ‘E12 of "3 ~ “+ puey Ul souL[eg 4, | 0 0 &I aa “ = Aya100g jeXoyy 0} taA0 pred v1qU0S aad sv suondiiosqnue ,, § Ot Ol 0oT : aourpues}}y 5, (yO). -GL + <"s a “ts a suordtaosqng ,, "a ae a3 2 a pe SUMO 5° alo a) SOL ->. - ‘+ Agotoog [eoy wory yu ,, 8 6 F “i solipung pure seseysog Aq |Z OL & Ase as ‘* pAVMIOJ FYSNOIG souryeg oy, ‘ps F ‘SLNAWESHNGSIGQG ‘p's F “SLAIIGOAVY ate) “ad ‘)-9681 NVEK FHL Od SLNAWASUAASIG] GNV SddAOaTY NN OI iO iO AE OO LO ll ELE, D2 Oe ‘YIIVULSOV HLOOS JO ALGIOOS IVAOY AHL AO NOILOWS SLSTIWYOLYN aT Tad 135 ASTRONOMICAL SECTION Roval Society of South Australia. FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. The Committee congratulate their fellow-members on being able to present a Fifth Annual Report for their adoption. The number on the roll is the same as last year, two having been lost and two gained. The work of the Society has been carried on by the President and a few active members, which circle the Committee think should be widened, and with that end in view has had prepared a list of subjects, from which every: member might select one or more on which he could express his opinion or seek for informa- tion, thereby starting a discussion, and so increase the interest of the general meetings. As in previous years, there have been five general meetings and five business meetings of the Committee. Papers on the following subjects have been read and dis- cussed :— “ Shooting Stars and their Streams combined with Meteoric Showers.” Mr. R. F. Griffiths. * Planetary Motions.” Captain Lee. “The Temples of Egypt from an Astronomical Point of View.” Miss A. M. M. Todd. “ Nebular Hypothesis, and the Action of the Tides.” Mr. R. W. Chapman, M.A. The subjects provided by the Question Box have received care- ful consideration ; the more important were :-— “The limits of time exposure in Astronomical Photography.” “ The alleged atmosphere of the Moon.” “Greenwich Observatory and the production of the Nautical Almanack.” “The latitude and conditions under which the Moon may be seen to rise at the same hour on consecutive days.” The Astronomical Notes (first issued in July, 1892, and now in their sixth year of publication) have appeared regularly during the past 12 months, reflecting great credit on Capt. Lee and Mr. Griffiths, who are at the pains of preparing them. Adopted at the Annual Meeting of the Society, held at the Observatory, Adelaide, on the evening of Thursday, the 2nd Sep- tember, 1897. C. Topp, President. W. E. CuresmMaAn, Hon. Secretary. "L681 ‘doquaqideg puz, “ABAINSVIAT, PUB “09S ‘NVINSHAHO “AH "M "LEST “4snony ISTE ‘quepiselg “TdOL ‘0 ‘SHLIAMTYS “A “HOTTY ‘poqdope pur pray : ‘40a1100 punoy pure peyIpny 0 6 LEF 0 G LEF e 9 OLZ se y: ee 5 me aourR[ed ,, 2 0 8 @ “Ss © */ SON snonesontng 5 | aos OSS Le Se qsetoquy ,, 9 ¢ I vole ci. on Teas vee “090 ‘£19MOINeIG ‘; G20 cee fe an eee wee Aya100g jeAoy WOIy JURIO ,, 0 OLZ weit fer a8e4sog - 0 ¢ 9 ae siete eee ane eee oes suorgdiiosqng + 01S Sp SS Ajatoog [ehoy suonduosqng Aq | 11 ¢ Gt “" 9" GR Staquiaydag oouereg og, RLS Ss ae ‘1681 ‘ATANALIAG HLOG ONIGNG HVAA YOU LAAHG AONVIVG LOOP N I eee PLLA LL LLL LLL LO POT a Oa OO are VITVEYLSOY HEAOS HO ALHIOOS TIVAOH AHL HAO NOILLOUS TVOINONOULSY 137 GENERAL INDEX. (The species and genera, the names of which are printed in italics, are described as new.] Aborigines of the Lower North of South Aus- traiia, Notes relating thereto, 72 Actwon distinguendus, 33; evanescens, 4; funi- culifer, 2; olivelleformis, 4; puteolata, 5; scrobiculatus, ] ; subscalatus, 2. Agrotis callimera, 51; gupsina, 52. Anarsia dryinopa, 57 ; holomela, 57. Anthropological Notes, 72. Aphodius Vicforia, 88. Aristotelia epipsila, 58 ; monostropha, 57. Asemantus Leai, 28. Atriplex Kochiana, 87. * Axunaon Championi, 34. Birds, List of, about Laura, 22. Blackburn, Rev. T , New Genera and Species of Australian Coleoptera, 28, 88 Browne, Mr. J. H., Anthropological Notes, 72. Bullinella altiplica, 14; angustata, 11; aratula, 12 ; cuneopsis, 13 ; exigua, 10; infundibulata, 14; paucilineata, 12; phanerospira, 15. Cesyra arguraspis, 54. Calvert Expedition, botany of, 69; mollusca of, 101. Cambrian Fossils, occurrence of, in Mount Lofty Range, 74. F Cape Jervis District, glacial features of, 61. Car condensatus, 35. Central Australia, evidences of glaciation in, Ceratognathus } renchi, 28. Cleodora eumela, 59. Coleoptera, new genera and species of, 28, 88. Cooking Cress, aboriginal method of, 72. Cosmotriche brachuycera, 50. Cossmann, Mr. M., Opisthobranchs of the Older Tertiary*of Australia, 1 Cress, aboriginal method of cooking, 72. Cubicorhynchus tortipes, 96. Cuspidaria simulans, 44; trigonalis, 45. Cylichnella callosa, 17. Dav.d, Prof., and Mr. W. Howchin, glacial features of the Inman Valley, 6i. Diphucephala Kershawi, 89. Elleschodes Hamiltoni, 37. Erechthias polyspila, 60. Eutornia niphodes, stratimera, 58. Exangetus angustus, 93. Foraminifera, recent researches bearing on the, 107. Game, aboriginal method of obtaining, 72. Gardenia Keartlandi, 70. Gelechia desmatra, 56 ; hemichlena, 55 ; micra- delpha, 56; micromela, 55; monoleuca, 55; ombrodes, 56. Glacial features, Central Australia, 68 ; Inman Valley and Cape Jervis district, 61. Howchin, Mr. W. and Prof. David, glacial features of the Inman Valley, 61. Howchin, Mr. W., on the occurrence of Lower Cambrian fossils in the Mount Lofty Range, 74; anniversary address, 106. Hussey, Miss, some Port Elliot Plants, 100. Hypena mesochra, 52. Inman Valley, glacial features of, 61. Isodon novitius, 28, Tasmanica, 44; Lepidoptera, descriptions of new Australian species, 50. Lower, Mr. Oswald, descriptions of new Aus- tralian Lepidoptera, 50. Luciola Covleyi, 34. Lucina lacteola, 48. Macrohelodes tasmanicus, 33. Maiden, J. H., on a new Atriplex from South Australia, 87 Microdes typhopa, 50. Megapenthes futilis, 32. Mollusca, Australian, critical remarks on, 40; of the Calvert Expedition, 101. Morgan, Dr., List of birds about Laura, 22. Mount Lofty Range, occurrence of Lower Cambrian fossils, 74. Nenenia thoracica, 37; virgata, 38. Opisthobranchs of the Older Tertiary of Australia, 1 Orophia marmorea, 54, Ospidus gibbus, 94. Pachygastra Victoric, 90. Paraloea maritima, 51. Paromarteon mutabile, 94. Peltophora leucoplaca, 53, Penthea Mastersi, 97. Philobota monadella, 53. Phleopola pyrocentra, 53. Plants, of the Calvert Expedition, list of, 69 ; of the Port Elliot Gistrict, 100. Plutella ochroneura, 59 Pogonias capnopa, leucoma, 59. Proctammodes minor, 89. Prostomis intermedius, 88. Radiolaria in S. Australian rocks, 99, 101. Rhytiphora Spenceri, 38. Ringicula lactea, 18; Zatei, 19; tenuilira‘a, 12; preelonga, 20. Roxania bulleformis, 17; Woodsi, 16. Rushes, aboriginal method of steaming, 72. Scaphander Jatei, 9. Scearptia lunulata, 95. Semiactzon microplocus, 5. Steaming rushes, aboriginal-method of, 72. Stigmatium bimaculatum, 91 Stigmodera campestris, 31 ; Caroli, 31; insul- aris, 30 ; pulchripes, 31. Tate, R., Critical remarks on some Australian Mollusca, 40. Tate, Prof., evidences of glaciation in Central Australia, 68; list of plants of the Calvert Expedition, 69. Tornatina aptycha, 8; involuta, 8; longispira, 7; pachytycha, 6. Triploca ligata, 6. Turritella oxyacris, 41. Typhlopide of Australia, 25. Typhlops pinguis, 25. Umbrella australiensis, 20. Volvulella inflatior, 9; Tatei, 8. Waite, Mr., Notes on Australian Typhlopide, 25. Xylopertha hirticollis, 92. Ypsolophus dryinodes, 58. scrobiculata, 16 ; Bee & ti TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND ae fF Ook. | OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. ERRATA. pp. 80-89, and legend on Plate iv. (Mollusca) read Plate iv. dvs. p. 145, line 30, read were never seen. p. 162, line 12 from bottom insert at after shot. pp. 173, 175-8, 181, 183, insert Brockman before Creek. p. 217, line 30, read Plate 6 instead of Plate 7. Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed . **“per W. C. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.’’ ie TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND 2 ae POR T 3 OF THE _ ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. SS ae Fer 1897-98. [With SEvEN Puates AND THREE WoopcutTs. | EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. ISSUED DECEMBER, 1898. Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed ‘*per W. C. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ dopal Aociety of Fouth Australia. Patron : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. OPM OBS: [ELECTED OcTOBER, 1898. ] president: W. L. CLELAND, M.B. Vice-President: PROFESSOR RALPH TATE. (Representative Governor.) WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. Hon. CGrevsurer: Hon, Secretarp: WALTER RUTT, C.E. G..G. MAYO, ©.E. atlembers of Council: REV. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE, SAMUEL DIXON D.Sc., F.C.8. MAURICE HOLTZHE, F.L.S. W. H. SELWAY, Joy. J. S. LLOYD E. C. STIRLING, C.M.G., M.D., M.A., F.B.S. PART I. (Issued July, 1898.) _ErxeErrpcGE, R. : A further Cambrian Trilobite from Yorke Peninsula (Plate IV.) © . - : - : . - _ Masxett, W. M.: On some Australian Insects of the Family Psyllidz (Plates I.—III.) - - - - - Howcain, W.: Further Discoveries of Glacial Remains in South i Australia - - - - - - - Bracksurn, Rev. T.: New Genera and eee of Australian Coleoptera (XXIII.) ~——- - - - - Tate, Pror. R.: On two Deep-level Deposit of Newer Pleistocene in South Australia - - - . a H. B.: Notes on the Graphitic Slates and Dees Rocks in the Kalgoorlie District - . - - - _ Marpen, J. H., and EK. BercHe: On a New Myoporum from South Australia - - - . - - - PART II. (Issued December, 1898.) ‘Tate, Pror. R.: On Two New Cretaceous Bivalves - - ~ On Some Australian Species of Eulimide and Pyramidellidz (Plate IVa. pars.) . - ————-- On Some Recent and Fossil Australian Species of Philobrya (Plate IVa. pars. ) - - TurNeR, Dr. A. JEFFERIS: Notes on Australian Lepidoptera (Plate V.) 4 - 3 : : Koc, Max: A List of Plants seta on Mount eaters: Run, S.A. - - - . - - - - ‘Tate, Pror. R.: On some New or Little-known South Australian Plants - - - - - - —_——— _ Dimorphism in two South Australian Cruciferous Plants - - - - Nort, A. J.: List of Birds collected by the Calvert Expedition in West Australia ; incl. Field Notes by G. A. Keartland - Morcan, Dr. A. M.: Notes on the Nest and Begs of Porzana fluminea-- - - - - - Tate, Pror. R. : On deep-seated Eocene Strata in the Sova and other Bores - - - - - : - Turner, Dr. A. JEFFERIS : au a of New ab das from Queensland - - roRR, Dr. W. G., and E. heer: fascindons of Sones few. Species of South Australian Polyplacophora (Plates VI. and VII.) — - BLACKBURN, Rey. T.: New Genera and Species of Australian Coleoptera (X XIV.) - - - - - : SROWNE, J. Harris : Use of the Wedge by Aborigines — - - PAGE 80 194 200 215 221 234 lv. PAGE ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS — - - : : : - ae ANNUAL REPORT - - - - - : - oy BALANCE SHEET - - - - : - - 242 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS : : : : : - 243 Donations TO LIBRARY - - : . - 250 List oF FELLOWS - - - - : - - Zar APPENDICES. PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT AND BALANCE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION - 2 ° - - -/ 260 @ ASTRONOMICAL SECTION = ‘ J 7 - - 265. JENERAL INDEX : : a : [ : - 68 A FURTHER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE FROM YORKE PENINSULA. By R. Erueriper, Junr., Hon. Fellow, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney. [Read November 2, 1897. ] Plate IV., figs. 1-3. In 1884 Dr. Henry Woodward described* two Cambrian Trilobites from the Parara limestone of Yorke Peninsula, to which he gave the names of Dolichometopus Tatei, and Cono- cephalites australis. Since then Prof. R. Tate has describedt two others from the same district—Olenellus (?) Pritchardi and Microdiscus subsagittatus. Quite recently the Mr. W. Howchin transmitted to me a portion of the cephalic shield of another Trilobite, found by him at Ardrossan, that is in my opinion congeneric with Woodward’s C. australis, but differing specifically, as I hope to show in the sequel, by a very important character. It will, however, be necessary in the first place to review our position in a generic sense. Dr. Woodward, following my determination of the Caro- line Creek Trilobites, in Tasmania, referred his species to the genus Conocephalites, Barrande, both of us using this name:as it was then commonly accepted. Through later researches amongst Cambrian Faunas, and the literature relating thereto, it has been ascertained that Conocephalites as a generic name will not stand, but must give place to that of Ptychoparia, Corda. No one has done more to clear up this point than have Messrs. F. B. Meek and ©. D. Walcott, the latter the energetic director of the U.S. Geological Survey. It appears that Zenker, in 1833, proposed the name of Conocephalus for a blind Trilobite, previously known as T'rilobites Sulzeri, Schlottheim, and in 1839 Emmrich added a_ second species termed Conocephalus striatus, but possessing eyes. The incongruity of this appears to have struck Corda, who in 1847 pointed out that Conocephalus was, at the time of its enunciation, by Zenker, a preoccupied name, and proposed to substitute for the blind Conocephalus (C. Sulzeri) the name of Conocoryphe, and for the species provided with eyes (Conocephalus striatus) that of Ptychoparia. Subsequently the illustrious palceontologist Barrande, without separating the two forms, endeavoured to * Geol. Mag., 1884, I. (3), p. 343. + Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr., F892, Vi PI? It.,: BP FSi: 2 surmount the difficulty by substituting the name Conocephalites for Conocephalus*. In 1872 the late Mr. F. B. Meek, whose great care and perspicuity it is a pity more of us do not follow, adopted} Corda’s. names to the exclusion of Barrande’s substituted one. Finally in the words of Mr. Walcott :—“ This division [7.e., of Conocephalus, Zenker] appears to me to be one demanded by the characters of the two types, and I fully endorse the opinion of the late Mr. F. B. Meek( . . . . ) that Mr. Corda’s names should be adopted, and the subsequent name Conocephalites, proposed by Mr. Barrande, in 1852, treated as a synonym.{” In these terms I now employ the name Ptychoparia for Conocephalites australis, Woodw., and the fragmentary cephalic shield, lately obtained by Mr. Howchin, for which I propose the name of— Ptyechoparia Howehini, sp. nov. Pl. IV., figs. 1-3. Sp. Char.—Glabella oblong, with sides almost parallel, narrow- ing but very slightly towards the front, which is evenly rounded; surface convex, and slightly arched in the middle line, most so posteriorly ; furrows in three pairs, the first or posterior pair being the strongest marked, consisting of shallow depressions extending inwards nearly to the arched median line ; second or middle pair still shallower and shorter, issuing from the axial grooves halfway between the first pair of furrows and proximal ends of the ocular ridges ; third or anterior pair very short and faint, mere nicks in the lateral margins of the glabella, exactly opposite the proximal ends of the ocular ridges ; basal lobes the most pronounced, the anterior lobe the largest, gradually sloping downwards to the well developed frontal furrow, which is wide and gently concave ; fillet (bowrrelet) of the limb prominent, thick, and rounded. Facial sutures anterior to the ocular ridges, straight (7.e., parallel to the longer axis of the glabella), giving to the anterior portions of the united glabella and fixed cheeks a square appearance. Fixed cheeks gently convex, but not wholly preserved. Ocular ridges very well marked, broad and rather flat, very oblique to the longer axis of the glabella, bounded pos- teriorly by faint furrows. Axial furrows broad and not deep. Ornament consisting of granules of two orders, small, and minute respectively, interspersed with one another, and distributed over the whole surface, including the frontal furrow, limb, and ocular ridges. * Syst. Sil. Bohéme, 1852, I. p. 415. + 6th Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Survey Territories (Hayden’s), 1872, p. 487. I regret that I have not this work at hand to refer to. + Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey (Powell’s), No. 10, 1884, p. 35. Vol. XXII. Plate IV, Home t 3 Obs.—The central portion of the cephalic shield, or cephalon, is all that is preserved of this interesting crustacean. The reason for separating it from P. australis, Woodw., sp., are the follow- ing :—(1.) Presence of the strong ocular ridges, absent in the latter ; (2) direction of the facial sutures, which in P. australis are said to be ‘‘ somewhat oblique,” but here are certainly straight anterior to the ocular ridges, and do not commence near the anterior angle(s) of the glabella ; (3) absence of oblique striz in advance of the eyes ; and (4) the position the eyes would occupy were they preserved. As regards the last point of difference in P. australis the anterior ends of the eyes are decidedly well forward, but I believe the corresponding points in P. Howchini will be found to be much more posterior in position. In most Ptychoparie possessing ocular ridges, the anterior terminations of the eyes are situated at the distal or posterior ends of the ocular ridges. Now these points in P. Howchini are much more posterior than the corresponding positions in P. australis. Herein, in my opinion, lies a fundamental difference between the two types. To Ptychoparia are also referable, in all probability, most, if not all the fragmentary cephalic shields, described by me from Caroline Creek, Tasmania.* [The Type specimen is in the Australian Museum, Sydney, presented by Mr. Howchin. |] EXPLANATION TO PLATE IV. PrycHopARIA HowcHINI. Fig. 1, The cephalon or head shield as far as preserved, front view. 2. The same, side view. 3. Granules forming the sculpture, much enlarged. * Proc. R. Soc. Tas. for 1882 (1883), pp. 153-157. On SOME AUSTRALIAN INSECTS OF THE FAMILY PSYLLIDZ&.* By W. M. Maske tt, Hon. Correspondent. [Read December 7, 1897.] Plates [.-ITT. The Australasian Psyllide have not, as far as I am aware, been sufficiently studied. T. Dobson, in the Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land, in 1850, wrote upon the waxy secretion, or “manna,” produced by some Tasmanian insects, and gave some figures both of this manna and of adult insects ; but he seems to have known of only three species. I possess some waxy shields corresponding to his figures 3 and 5, but have not their adults; and it is not possible to make out from his figures 4 and 6 exactly what genera or species are repre- sent.d by them. Since his time I do not know of any systematic attempt to describe Psyllid in this part of the world, except my own paper in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,. 1889, in which I reported four new species, one of which was probably an importation from Australia. Mr. E. Riibsaamen, in the Berlin Entom. Zeitschrift, 1893, has a paper on some galls on Eucalyptus, amongst a number of which he mentions one from Australia which contained a Psyllid pupa; but no adult was. found. I gathered from a letter a few years ago from the late Mr. Olliff that he proposed to form a new genus, “Xylolyma,” for some of the species which have waxy shields ; but the specimens which I possess of four of these would belong rather to Signoret’s proposed genus ‘‘ Spondyliaspis.” Probably, however, the adults of these forms, when found, would not be separable from the ordinary Psyllid genera, like Asphalara tecta of the present paper; and both Spondyliaspis and Xylolyma would be aban- doned. I think that Mr. Olliff never actually published anything on his suggested genus. If any other papers exist on Austral- asian Psyllide, I have not seen them, nor can I find references. to any in the “ Zoological Record.” But there must be many fine species yet to be discovered in these regions. The principal character for generic separation in this family is the venation of the forewing of the adult. In order to illustrate * This is a posthumous article, the author having died before receipt of proofs.—[ Ep. ] 5 this point in the present paper I have inserted in the figures of wings letters denoting the parts referred to in the text. Although I could not, on account of the dark patches, put such letters in fig. 3, but the letters of figs. 10 and 17 will serve also for them. I have also placed letters to the figures of the male genitalia. Genus PsyLua, Geoff. Head prolonged anteriorly in two processes. Stalk of the cubital vein in the forewing shorter than the stalk of the sub- costal vein. Psylla Lidgetti, sp. nov. Pl. i., figs. 1-4. Insects not forming any gall or shield. Pupa naked, active (Fig. 1). Colour, dorsally, dark brownish- yellow, with a dark-brown patch on the head on each side of a longitudinal light stripe ; thorax with an anterior brown patch and six others in two rows; abdomen transversely banded with brown. Wing-cases dark-brown, almost black. Ventrally, the general colour is dark-red. Antenne and feet greenish, the ter- minal joints of each dark-brown. Eyes red. The general form of the insect in this stage is elliptical, the head smoothly rounded in front, the abdomen terminating in a minute projection. Antennz as long as the whole body, rather thick, with eight joints, six of which are ringed and bear numerous hairs, and on the Jast are two unequal spines. Feet thick and swollen, rather short ; the dimerous tarsus, claws and pad are normal of the genus. The margin of the whole body and head is fringed with numerous short hairs, and a number of these are also scattered over all the dorsum. Length of the pupa about 14 mm.= 5 inch. The adult insect (fig. 2) is of a general brown colour with some irregular patches of reddish yellow ; the antenne and feet yellow ; eyes red. Head broader than long, somewhat depressed in front and produced beneath in two short roundly-conical pro- cesses. Eyes semi-globular, sessile, mnumerously facetted. Antenne moderately long and slender, with ten joints, of which eight are ringed. Feet presenting no special characters. In the forewings the sides are nearly parallel, each side very slightly concave in the middle, the ends broadly rounded. The primary stalk of the veins reaches to about one-fourth of the length of the wing; the stalk of the cubitus* is about one-half the length of the stalk of the sub-costa ; the sub-costa forks close to the margin * On account of the dark bands on the wing in fig. 3 the veins cannot be well distinguished by lettering ; but the letters in figs. 10 and 17 will answer also for this. 6 with one short branch and another almost parallel to the margin, but there is no pterostigma in the enclosed space; the radius is wavy, joining the costal margin about the apex ; the upper main branch of the cubitus is convex, forking at two-thirds of its length and its upper secondary branch reaches the margin a little below the apex ; the lower main branch forks at about three- fourths of its length, the shorter secondary branch turning sharply to the margin, the longer extremely convex ; the claval vein is short and very slightly concave. On the surface of the wing are several brown patches ; a few, small and scattered, near the base of the wing; one across the middle, much broader near the costal margin and narrow near the dorsal margin; a third, towards the extremity, very broad at the dorsal margin; and a fourth, very small, separated from the third by a crescent-shaped hyaline space, just above the apex. The hind wings are hyaline, with only the usual three longitudinal faint veins. The genitalia of the male insect (fig. 4) consists of the usual dorsal processes ; the genital-plate (a) is curved slightly backwards, with its basal portion very broadly rounded posteriorly ; the forceps (6) con- sists of two narrow cylindrical processes bent slightly forwards ; between these organs is the penis (not shown in the figure) ; the abdominal extremity (c) is blunt and turned upwards. The genitalia of the female have not been observed, but in all pro- bability they do not differ greatly from those of the next species. Hlabitat.—In Australia, on Acacia implexa. My specimens were sent by Mr. Lidgett, of Myrniong, Victoria, from whom I have ventured to name the insect. The differences between this and P. acacie will be readily seen by comparison of the wings and the genitalia, although in colour and in habit the two do not greatly differ. The brown bands on the forewing of P. Lidgettt are much more close and conspicuous than the scattered patches on P. acaciw, and the dorsal hairs of the pupa are also distinctive. GENuS APHALARA, Jrster. Head either swollen or produced in conical processes ; stalk of cubitus in forewing longer than the stalk of the subcosta ; radius curved. I follow F. Low in including amongst the generic characters the processes of the head. Scott (Trans. Entom. Soc., London, 1876) says :—“ Face not lobate.” Aphalara tecta, sp. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 5-10. Insects covered in the pupal stage by a waxy scale or shield. The colour of this shield is reddish-yellow; the form is sub- 7 elliptical or pear-shaped, tapering anteriorly, somewhat convex, the secretion exhibiting very fine transverse striations, and in some specimens also a few obscure corrugations radiating from the pointed end; the margin is smooth all round; the average length is about 4 mm.=} inch, with a width at the broadest part of about 3mm. The texture of the dorsal part is thin and not very solid; the marginal part is thickened by an accretion which, on turning over the shield, is seen to form a ventral scale not extending over the whole median space. The enclosed pupa is yellow, both dorsally and ventrally, and the antenne and feet are likewise yellow; the wing-cases are dark-brown. On the dorsum there is a short transverse black band at about the separation of the thorax and the abdomen ; on the head and thorax are two longitudinal rows of black quadrangular spots, and on the abdomen two similar rows of short black bands in pairs; the extremity of the abdomen bears a black patch. On the abdominal margin is a quantity of white cottony secretion, not forming a fringe. Antenne moderate, with eight joints, of which six are ringed. Feet short and thick. The adult female is yellow, with the thorax and abdomen marked dorsally with a few black patches ; eyes reddish, facetted, semiglobular, sessile. Head broader than long, depressed in front, produced beneath in two rather long sub-cylindrical pro- cesses. Antenne yellow, with brown tips, of the usual ten joints. Feet yellow, normal. Forewings hyaline, without spots or bands ; the primary stalk of the veins (a 5) is very short, only about one-sixth the length of the wing ; the stalk of the cubitus (b c) is a little longer than the stalk of the sub-costa (b d); the sub-costa (dg) forks close to the margin; the radius (df) is rather convex, and reaches the margin near the apex, and a little above it ; the upper branch of the cubitus (ce, c h) forks at some distance from the margin, its branches bending sharply down- wards ; the lower cubital branch (c &, c m) forks at a short dis- tance from its source, and its longer branch is not very convex ; the clavus (a 7) is concave. Hindwings hyaline, with the normal three longitudinal veins. Genitalia of the male (fig. 14) with a sub-conical genital-plate, the sides straight, the end truncate ; the forceps is very broadly dilated at its tips, and is bent sharply forward beyond the genital-plate. Genitalia of the female formed of two simple conical valves enclosing the ovipositor. Habitat.—On Eucalyptus stuartiana. My specimens were sent by Mr. French from Victoria, the exact locality not mentioned. The appearance of the pupal shield in this species might cause it to be easily mistaken for a coccid of the genera Chionaspis or 8 Mytilaspis, but examination of the enclosed pupa shows it to be undoubtedly a Psyllid. Genus Trioza, Forster. Head produced in two conical processes ; stalk of the cubitus in forewing entirely wanting. Trioza multitudinea, Tepper. PI. iii., figs. 11-17. Ascelis (?) multitudinea, Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, 1893. Figs. 15-21. Insects forming large galls on leaves, in the pupal stage. These galls, in the fresh state, have a greenish colour, but when quite mature or old they become red, or reddish-yellow; the normal form is subglobular ; rarely, specimens are slender and cylindri- cal ; the outer surface is rough and wrinkled ; the texture is soft and leathery. Each gall usually contains a single cavity—some- times there are two or three cavities; the interior walls are always quite smooth. The gall is attached to the leaf by a narrow base, and on the other side of the leaf there is usually a depres- sion, but this is not entirely constant. The galls vary in size from a diameter of 3mm.=+2 inch, to 12 or more mm. And I have seen a few almost 1 inch. Within the galls are found the pupz, which when alive have dorsally a palish-browr colour, banded with faint yellow bars ; dead specimens are dark-brown, and the bands almost obsolete ; ventrally the colour is pale yellow, the feet and antenne the same. Dorsally the wing-covers are plainly visible, also the eyes, which in fresh specimens are bluish. The margin of the pupaall round bears a fringe of short yellow hairs. The general form is elliptical, with a length of about 2 mm.=,', inch. There is no special character in the antenne and feet, which indeed do not vary greatly in the genus Trioza. The larva has not been observed. The adult female is almost entirely yellow, with a darker tinge on the thorax, dorsally, and at the extremities of the antennze and feet; the eyes are red, semi-globular, facetted, placed on a short tubercular base. The head is broader than long, depressed in front and produced beneath in two moderately long sub-conical ' processes ; the rostrum is cylindro-conical. The antennz have 10 joints, all elongated, sub-equal and ringed, except the two first, which are short and smooth ; on the last joint are two short sub- equal spines. Feet normal, with dimerous tarsi and double claws. The genitalia of the female (fig. 19) consist of two longish, sharply-pointed processes enclosing the ovipositor ; one of these is rather shorter than the other ; both are numerously ringed, the a 9 outer margins of the rings smooth to the tip; the inner margins are also smooth for about halfway, but those near the tip are very sharply serratulate. Forewings hyaline, with a very minute sparse punctuation and without marginal hairs; the dorsal margin (fig. 21, a mh) is slightly concave in the middle, the costal margin (age) is nearly regularly convex; the primary stalk of the veins (a }) extends to nearly one-third of the wing ; the cubitus (be, 6%) has no stalk, forking directly with the sub- costa (at 6); the upper branch of the cubitus (be, 6 h) is convex, forking near the apex, the terminal branches reaching the margin at about equal distances from the apex ; the lower branch forks near the dorsal margin with one short branch (to m) and one longer and convex (to k); the radius (df) is very slightly wavy, and leaves the subcosta (6 7) at about half the length of the latter ; the clavus (a 7) is nearly straight ; the costal vein (a g ei ) runs all round the margin. The hindwings are hyaline, with three faint longitudinal veins, of which the posterior one is forked. The genitalia of the male have the usual dorsal processes ; the genital plate (a) is broad at the base, with slightly emarginate tapering sides ending in two divergent sub-conical teeth ; the forceps (0) is somewhat similar, but narrower, and is bent forwards almost to the plate. The length of this insect is about 2 mm=,}, inch, with an expanse of wings about 5 mm. Habitat.—In Australia, on various species of Hucalyptus ; principally, I believe, on what is known as “ Stringybark.” Mr. Tepper sent me specimens from Marino, South Australia; Mr. Froggatt, from New South Wales; Mr. French, from Victoria ; and Mr. H. 8. Dove, from Tasmania. The generic position of this insect is clearly defined by the character of the wings, which are quite normal of the genus Trioza. Specifically, it may be distinguished by the genitalia of the female, which seems to be different from any hitherto re- ported, as well as by the character of the galls which the pupz inhabit. Psyllide, as has been found of late years, are almost as varied as Coccide in their ways of covering themselves ; and this seems to be especially the case with the Australasian forms, for I do not find that Low and Scott or Riley draw particular attention to this point respecting Psyllide of other regions. In this part of the globe, however, we have some uncovered (e.g. Lhinocola fuchsie in New Zealand), some with cottony secretion (as Rhinocola eucalypti in N.Z.), some excavating pits for them- selves (as some undetermined Australian forms), some forming elaborate waxy tests of elegant design (as the species described from Tasmania by Dobson in 1850 and others not yet fully worked out), and some again, such as the one now under dis- 10 cussion, forming large and conspicuous galls. I possess several specimens of very beautiful waxy pupa-cases, of which one is certainly that for which Signoret founded his genus Spondyliaspis in 1879; but some of these are empty, and in others there are only dead pupz, so that I cannot well describe them. It would be worth while for an Australian entomologist to take up the study of these forms, and to describe the adults. In 1893 Mr. J. G. O. Tepper published in the Transactions of this Society a paper on “South Australian Brachyscelid Galls,” in which he described one species as of the genus Ascelis, namely, A. multitudinea. Having previously had galls of this (sent by Mr. French), and having extracted from them only Psyllid pupe, I was convinced that Mr. Tepper’s description of them to the Coccide could not be correct, and I asked him to let-me have specimens, which he very kindly did at once. From the galls which he sent me I bred four adult insects, which are those described above. Mr. Tepper must have been led into his error on account of a principle which he laid down in his paper. Speaking of some of my Coccid genera—VFrenchia, Cylindro- coccus, &c.,—he said:—“‘ On account of a general similarity of habit, I consider that they also should be included in the family [Brachyscelide]. They form woody galls similar in structure to those of Brachyscelis.” Undoubtedly, the galls of Trioza multi- tudinea might easily be taken as very closely allied to those of such species as Brachyscelis nux or Opisthoscelis subrotunda or others, as long as the enclosed insects are not examined. But the study of these at once shows that the principle embodied in the words just quoted (and which I have italicised) is essentially erroneous. Clearly both Psyllide and Coccide have a “ general similarity of habit ;” yet it is quite impossible to unite the two. There is only one point as to which I amin doubt. Mr. Tepper describes not only the gall of his species, but also the enclosed insect. This, he says, is “ yellow, rather flat, elliptical, with long hairs . . antenne dorsal . . legsnone . . last segment of abdomen deeply emarginate, the sides forming thick, obtusely acuminate appendages, without bristles or sete.” What was this insect? The description does not seem like that of a Coccid, and the figure given by Mr. Tepper (in bis Plate V., fig. 4d) has no Coccid features. In all the galls of this species opened by me I have found Psyllid pupz, in which the legs are a very conspicuous character ; but in some I found also yellow, elliptical things, with dorsal autenne, which were pupe of parasites, and from one of which emerged a long-bodied, long-winged fly of some Hymen- opterous genus. I think, on the whole, that I have rightly attached Mr. Tep- per’s insect to Z’rioza. The specific name given by him is quite appropriate, and I have not disturbed it. Plate I. 4 bd P< 3 > Vol, XXII, Plate II, Plate III. Vol. XXII _—— eee ge 11 INDEX TO FIGURES. Nortr.—In the figures of wings a } is the ‘‘ primary stalk ;” bc is the ‘** stalk of the cubitus;” 6 dis the ‘‘stalk of the subcosta;” bg, bf, is the ‘‘ subcosta ;” a fis the ‘‘radius;” ce,ch is the ‘‘ upper branch of the cubitus ;” ck, c mis the “‘ lower branch of the cubitus;” an is the clavus.” In the figures of genitalia, a is the ‘‘ genital-plate ;” bis the ‘‘ forceps ;” c is the ‘‘ abdominal extremity.” All the figures are highly magnified, except fig. 16. Fig. is Psylla Lidgett, pupa. 2. adult insect, dorsal view. : A e forewing. a = genitalia of male, side view. 5. Aphalara tect, shields on leaf. 6.. pupa. 7 ok ‘<< head of adult. 8. = ‘* antenna. 9. ws ‘© genitalia of male. 10. 1 ‘* forewing. ll. Trioza multitudinea, galls on leaf. 12. = pupa. 13. a adult insect. 14, = = genitalia of female. » 15. sy ns a more highly magnified. 16. ‘ “ genitalia of male. 17. és ae forewing. ‘ FURTHER DISCOVERIES OF GLACIAL REMAINS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By Water Howcuiy, F.G.S. [Read May 3, 1898.] The Inman and Hindmarsh Rivers enter the sea within one- and-a-half miles from each other at Encounter Bay, with the town of Port Victor situated between their outlets. The Inman takes its rise in the Bald Hills and follows a E.S.E. course, whilst the Hindmarsh River rises in a series of springs among the “ Tiers,” twelve miles north of Port Victor, and has a course almost due north and south. | In a previous paper read before the Society* it has been shown that the Inman valley carries abundant evidences of former glacial conditions, and that the trend of the ice was from south to north. Ice-borne stones have been traced rounding Cape Jervis, and studding the eastern shores of the Gulf. Similar erratics have been carried overland, across the Cape Jervis peninsula, and northward as far as Hallets Cove, at least fifty miles from their source. All the evidence thus obtained pointed to the fact that the granite ridge of the southern coast had been a centre of dispersion for the ice, and as the Hindmarsh Valley, like the Inman, is included in the radii from this centre, it seemed highly probable that it would supply additional proofs of the extent of this extinct icefield. To test this point by direct observation, I spent a few days last month in a walking tour through the Hindmarsh Valley and Ranges, across to Myponga and Sellick’s Hill. The superficial deposits to some extent mask the geological features of the Valley, yet the results show that the Hindmarsh Valley has been under an equal measure of glaciation as the Inman Valley. The geological formations of the district are as follows :— fecent.—1. River wash, consisting mainly of fine silt. Newer Tertiary.—2. Horizontal beds of variegated marls and sands, with thin lenticular beds of fine gravel. Older Tertiary.—3. Pink - coloured fossiliferous limestone (limited to the head waters of the Hindmarsh). * Trans. Roy. Soc., 8S. Aus., xxi, p. 61. SS | = ao 13 Geological Horizon Doubtful.—4. Glacial clays and sand- stones, with erratics. Primary.—5. Metamorphic quartzites, sometimes passing into schistose structure. In no part of its course (south of Nettle’s Hill) does the Hind- marsh River flow over the Primary rocks, and consequently no opportunity presented itself of finding such examples of polished ice pavements as occur in the Inman. The Valley flats and minor hills are composed of Newer Tertiary beds, as described above. In the lower reaches of the Valley these beds attain a considerable thickness, and effectually obscure the underlying beds. Good sections may be seen in washaways and steep cliffs up to 50 ft. in height, and it is in these Newer Tertiary beds that the river has cut its way and laid down more or less a secondary deposit of recent alluvial wash, In some parts of the valley, especially on the higher flats, the surface is a loose white sand, densely occupied by scrub. On all sides there were presented the strongest proofs that in post glacial times the valley has been subjected to much silting up, the glacial deposits have been wasted, rearranged, or blinded by an excess of cover, and the wonder is that any evidence of their presence has been left to tell its tale. A very large granite boulder was met with on Mr. Alexander Hutchison’s land, distant from the river about three-quarters of a mile, on its western banks, and immediateiy on the line of fence separating Sections 205 and 218, Hundred of Encounter Bay. The stone was originally so large that it formed an obstacle to the fence, and had to be blasted before the wire could be carried through. Two shots had been inserted, reducing the part exposed above ground to half a dozen pieces, the largest of which measures 4 ft. x 3 ft. x 3 ft. The base is still set firmly in the ground, and the part exposed measures seven feet across. It isa red granite with the characteristic features of the Port Victor and Port Elliot granites. Two other large granite boulders were pointed out to me by Mr. Hutchison occuring on his land on the eastern side of the river. One of these was situated near the eastern edge of Section 117, Hundred of Goolwa, and the other near the middle of the adjacent Section 143. Both boulders are nearly even with the ground, and have an exposure of five feet and four feet respec- tively, but it was apparent that if the soil had been removed their dimensions would have been shown to be much greater. Following the road for about two miles, and rounding the prominent spur of the Peeralilla Hill, as the road passes through Section 136, a low cutting on the right hand side of the road exposes a drift bed containing many erratics, including a 14 granite boulder which is uncovered to the extent of about 2 ft. It is not unlikely that this bank of drift has slipped down from higher ground. A few hundred yards further north, at a point nearly opposite the gates of Beaudesert, occupied by Mrs. Hutchnison, two large granite boulders are seen on the right hand side of the road, near the crest of the foot hills. They are at an elevation of about 80 ft. above the road, and as they exhibit flat faces toward each other, it is very likely that they originally formed one block which hag split along a line of weakness into two. They are now 3 ft. apart (one having slid a little down the bank), and are about of equal size, measuring, respectively, 7 ft. x 3 ft. above ground. Miss Hutchinson, of Beaudesert, kindly directed my attention to a very fine erratic which occupies the bed of a dry tributary of the river about a quarter of a mile below the farmstead. It is a solid block of granite, 6 ft. x 5 ft. x 3 ft. 6 ins. high, and has a fragment lying beside it which appears to have at one time formed part of the larger mass. The boulder rests on a whitish sandstone, somewhat flaggy in structure, which is set irregularly with erratics of all sizes. This ylacial sandstone is well seen about ten yards further down the creek, where it occupies the whole bed of the stream and has a dip of 18° N.N.E. Between this spot and the Beaudesert farmhouse there is a bed of laminated black clay in the bottom of the Hindmarsh River which has much the appearance of the black shale of the Inman Valley, where it is found to be intercalated with the glacial sand- stone. Half a mile further north the glacial sandstones are said to be again exposed in the bed of the river at the confluence of a tributary, and the retaining wall of the Mount Billy bridge, which crosses the stream in Section 138, Hundred of Goolwa, rests upon the same beds. Large granite boulders, I was told, occur on the top of the foothills to the right of the Mount Billy bridge, but I had not the opportunity of visiting them. On Mr. Abel Gray’s property, at Condolley Farm, Section 59, Hundred of Encounter Bay, there is an exposure of glacial sand- stone which forms a cliff 15 feet high. The beds have a dip 12°8., 3° E. The stone is moderately hard, and Mr. Gray when building his house put in two shots to test the quality of the stone for building purposes, but it proved too friable for use. The beds at this place are comparatively free from large stones, but several small granite boulders were seen on the surface which had probably been weathered out from the upper beds, the largest of which measured 18 inches in length. Mr. Gray informed me that the same sandstone could be seen in the creek on the other side of the Green Hill opposite his house, - 15 and also at a more distant locality at the Square Water Hole, on the road to Willunga, about 20 chains N.N.W. of the Old Square Water Hole House, and five to six chains from the Adelaide road on the left hand side going north. The surface of the stone at the latter place, he states, has been loosened by weathering, and is more or less covered by blown sand. It seems highly probable that the extensive deposits of Newer Tertiary sand beds, which have to a great extent choked the Hindmarsh Valley, have been derived as rearranged material from the glacial sandstones, which at several points are seen to underlie them. . The Hindmarsh Valley proper comes to an abrupt termination at Nettle’s Hill, about nine miles from Port Victor. After passing Mount Billy Bridge, the road makes a steep ascent of several hundred feet, and enters on a hilly plateau known as the “Hindmarsh Tiers.” I saw no granite boulders, nor could I hear of any having beea noticed in these Ranges. On the hilltops there frequently occur, however, beds of sandy clay, in which pebbles are promiscuously distributed. These pebbles are much worn, and in some examples appear to be facetted. They are, indeed, exactly similar to the rounded and facetted pebbles which occur plentifully in undoubted glacial drift at Yankalilla and Cape Jervis. Jam by no means certain that they have any con- nection with the glacial phenomena of the district, but their occurrence is peculiar and worth recording. Similar beds with . pebbles distributed irregularly through them can be seen at Myponga on the southern flanks of Sellick’s Hill. At the head of the Hindmarsh River there occurs a very re- markable fossiliferous limestone of Eocene age. The stone con- sists almost entirely of organic remains, forming a very pure carbonate of lime often of a delicate pink colour, and is quarried in the neighbourhood and burnt for lime. The outcrop, which is of an inconspicuous character, is confined to the sides of a narrow creek on land farmed by Mr. Geo. Maslin, within Sections 600 and 601, Hundred of Encounter Bay. The rock is in places massive, and is exposed to a height of twenty feet above the level of the stream, but as the stream has not cut its way to the base of the formation its thickness is unknown. The same limestone can also be seen in a small tributary a little further to the west, but I did not visit the place. This limestone has been generally spoken of as the “ Mount Jagged limestone,” but it is situated more than three miles from Mount Jagged and is nearer Mount Cone, which is a more considerable elevation. The spot where it occurs is marked by several strong springs which form the head- waters of the Hindmarsh River. 16 The considerable altitude of this limestone invests it with special interest. The numerous Eocene outcrops of the colony are, with this exception, all within a height not exceeding 200 feet above sea level, whilst the Eocene outlier of the Upper Hindmarsh cannot be much less than 1000 feet. The water parting of this elevated plateau occurs about three miles north of the Eocene outcrop, reaching its greatest altitude in Mount Cone and Mount Jagged, the former, according to the Survey Office records, is 1,380 feet above sea level, and the latter 1,230 feet. The Peeralilla Hill, which is three miles further down the valley than the outcrop in question, hasa height of 910 feet. The exact height of the Eocene beds is not known, but is probably some- where between 800 feet and 1000 feet. IT hoped, in visiting this outcrop, some evidences might be found that would throw light on the stratigraphical relationship of the Eocene limestone to the glacial beds of the district, but neither the base nor the upper limits of the Lower Tertiary beds were exposed. A great thickness of rich loamy soil forms the banks of the creek at this place, and the upper posts of limestones have been weathered into large boulders (after the manner of limestones), with soil as cover and filling the intermediate spaces. The occurence of Eocene beds at an altitude which gives them a unique position for rocks of this age in southern Australia raises some interesting questions in stratigraphical geology, concerning which we have at present no satisfactory solution.* It is worthy of note that a few months ago I picked up several sea-worn boulders of Eocene limestone of a pinky colour on the beach near Sellick’s Hill. In some respects they bore a close re- semblance to the limestone of the Upper Hindmarsh, but differed from the latter in containing rounded grains of quartz. There are Eocene beds on the beach near where the pink limestone boulders were found, but they appeared to possess very distinct lithological features from the rolled fragments. The origin of these sea-worn boulders is, therefore, a little uncertain. If de- rived from the upland outcrop they must have crossed the water- shed. It is perhaps more likely that they have a local origin in some calcareous band which, when broken up and exposed to sea water for some time have suffered some alteration in their ferru- ginous constituents, and, by oxidation, have developed a pink colour. Such a change, so far as I know, is not common in our Eocene limestones, and may be taken into account when an * Professor Tate says—‘‘ Catyclismal disturbance must account for the presence of fossiliferous beds of this age (Hocene) in the Encounter Bay district at elevations above 600 feet.” Roy. Soc., N.S. Wales, Vol. xxii, p. 242. (1888). : 4 i 4 ; 9 _ | ‘a 4 tt 17 attempt is made to correlate stratigraphically these upland Eocenes with their low-level equivalents. The observations detailed in this paper, whilst enlarging our knowledge of the geographical extent of the extinct ice-field of South Australia, unfortunately, do not throw any additional light on the age at which the glaciation took place or the kind of agency by which the ice operated. We may reasonably expect, however, that when the thick and varied deposits of this period have been submitted to careful examination these two questions will be solved. 18 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buackpurn, B.A. [Read May 3, 1898.] p.@. @ Fb LAMELLICORNES. MELOLONTHINI (Tribe). This aggregate of genera appertains, in Lacordaire’s arrange- ment, to the second “ Legion” of the family ‘“Zamellicornes” on account of some of the abdominal stigmata being placed on the ventral segments. Lacordaire divides this second “‘ Legion” into “Tribes,” of which the Melolonthini is one and is distinguished by those of the abdominal stigmata which are placed on the ven- tral segments not diverging strongly from the line in which the dorsal and ventral segments meet. The “Tribe” Melolonthinz is divided by Lacordaire into ‘“sub-tribes,” of which, so far as I know, only four are represented in Australia,—viz. Systellopides (separated since Lacordaire’s time from his sub-tribe Pachypodides) Sericides, Sericoides, and Melolonthides (true). The Systellopide, are distinguished from the rest of the above-named sub-tribes by the atrophy of the maxillary lobe in combination with the posi- tion of the labrum on the same plane with the clypeus; while the true Melolonthides differ from the remaining two by the front coxee being (not conical and prominent but) transverse. Lacordaire distinguishes the Sericides and Sericoides by the relation between their clypeus and labrum, the latter being in the Sericides intimately connected (soudé) with the clypeus so as to be “indistinct” while in the Sericoides it is “free.” Here it is to be noted (as Lacordaire remarks) that in some genera (e.g. Diphucephala) the clypeus is divided by a suture which gives its front part the appearance of a free labrum, and it must be admitted that there are genera in which it is exceedingly difficult to say that the piece in question is not the real labrum. As an instance I would mention Phyllotocus. Comparing an example of this genus with some of the Systellopides I cannot discover any difference of structure justifying the assertion that the front piece of the head is a part of the clypeus in one and the labrum in the other. It must be remembered doubtless that Lacordaire 19 does not appear to have actually examined any Systellopid spe- cies, and that it is Dr. Sharp who states that it is the labrum which in the Systellopides is attached to the front of the clypeus and is on the same level with it. I do not venture to assert that either of these accomplished entomologists (both extremely eminent anatomists) is wrong,—which would be highly presump- tuous in any but a specialist on anatomy,—but I draw attention to the matter in order to show that Lacordaire’s method of dis- tinguishing the Sericides from the Sericoides is at any rate not easy of application to the ordinary student. However, there can be no doubt that these sub-tribes of Melolonthini form two very natural and distinct aggregates in each of which moreover there is a highly characteristic relation between the clypeus and labrum, and I think this can be expressed in terms (different from those of Lacordaire) which at any rate as a supplementary statement of characters will be found useful inasmuch as it avoids the necessity of determining in difficult cases whether the front piece of the head is or is not a true labrum. In the Sericides, whether we regard the front piece of the head as a labrum or follow Lacordaire in regarding it as an extension of the clypeus and the labrum as invisible, it stands good that the front face of the front piece of the head looked at from in front has very little downward vertical or oblique development, so that the insertion of the palpi is very little below the plane of the clypeus, but in the Sericoides it is far otherwise. In them (and also in the true Melolonthides), the labrum is attached to the clypeus at a position considerably below the plane of the upper surface of the latter, so that if the latter be looked at from in front it seems to be strongly thickened downward (in some species obliquely downward and hindward) and the labrum is attached to it at a point considerably down this thickened front face. As in the Sericides so in Sericoides there are genera in which the labrum is not very easy to see as an organ distinct from the clypeus, and moreover the labrum itself is of very variable form in the Sericoides (in some genera even becoming an erect lamina the apex of which rises considerably above the plane of the clypeus) ; nevertheless a result of the attachment of the base of the labrum being as indicated above is that the palpi are inserted considerably below the plane of the upper surface of the clypeus and all the observations I have made confirm the opinion that their being so inserted is reliable evidence that the relation of the clypeus and the labrum are of the Sericoid rather than the Sericid type. The adoption of this view of the distinctive characters of the Australian Sericides and Sericoides involves some little re-adjust- 20 ment of the species to be attributed to those sub-tribes respectively, inasmuch as it renders necessary the removal of Mechidius from the former to the latter and of Pachytricha and Phenognatha from the latter to the former. These transfers, however, appear to me to tend altogether to a more natural classification. All the three genera affected by it are extremely isolated in their characters, and it is probably open to question whether each of them may not eventually be regarded as representing a distinct sub-tribe, but even so it seems to me that in a natural arrangement. the sub-tribes containing Phenognatha and Pachytricha would stand before the Sericides in the Melolonthini, and that containing Mechidius certainly after the Sericoides. If the arrangement I thus suggest be followed it will have the effect of associating together in the Sericides species having remarkable sexual characters in the front tarsi (unless Phenognatha of which I know only one sex be an exception) and in the Sericoides species. not exhibiting such sexual characters (or at least only in a slight degree and in occasional members of a genus) and also of making the Sericides of Australia consist entirely (unless Zpholcis Phenognatha and Pachytricha, which I have nct seen alive, be - exceptions) of genuinely flower-frequenting day-fliers, and the Sericoides (so far as I know, and I have collected nearly all the genera) contain no genus at all with similar habits ; for although afew Heteronyces and Liparetri are sometimes to be met with on flowers (as indeed what insect are not? I once found some flowers thickly studded with a Hydrophilid) certainly neither Liparetrus nor Heteronyx can be reckoned a flower-frequenting genus. | Since the publication of Lacordaire’s volume dealing with the Lamellicornes numerous Australian genera have been added, and as their diagnoses are scattered over a wide field of literature it. seems desirable before passing to the description of some new species that are before me to make some remarks on the aggre- gates to which those new species are referable. I will begin with the SERICIDES (sub-tribe). Excluding Mechidius and including Pachytricha and Phenognatha (as proposed above), four genera known to Lacordaire would form the Australian contingent of this sub- tribe. To these five genera must now be added (including two new ones described below and one formerly described under a nom. procc). A. Head (at any rate of the male) armed with a horn h & .~ Phoenognatha. AA. Head unarmed. ' B. Each claw bidentate beneath .., w+ Pachytricha. BB. Claws not bidentate beneath. 21 €. Hind cox elongate. D. Hind tarsi with claws elongate slender and simple. E. Basal four joints of front tarsi of male together much longer than apical process of tibia. F, Intermediate claws similar to hind claws ze .. Phyllotocus. FF. Intermediate claws short (in male thickened and with long appendages) Phyllotocidium, gen. n. EE. Basal four joints of front tarsi to- gether shorter than apical process of tibia : ... Cheirrhamphica, gen. n. DD. Hind tarsi with short claws. E. These claws simple ... Neophyllotocus, gen. n. EE. These claws appendiculate ... Cheiragra. CC. Hind coxe short and parallel. D. Eyes free or nearly so Diphucephala. DD. Front part of _ divided by 8 a canthus ; oe Epholcis. PHYLLOTOCUS. Many of the species of this genus are incapable of certain identification where comparison of types is not feasible. Unfor- tunately 30 names are attributed to it. In Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W., L., pp. 80 &e., the late Sir W. Macleay published a review of the then existing names and added nine more, but although he complained of the imperfection of Boisduval’s descriptions his own descriptions were of the same kind as Boisduval’s,—one of them consisting of eight words of Latin and 13 of English in which no definite character is mentioned apart from color, and the rest are not much better. I have had the advantage of examining some of Sir W. Macleay’s types and therefore am in a position to attempt a contribution towards the elucidation of the genus. In Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., IL, p. 187, Sir W. Macleay described two additional species, and in P.L.S., N.S. W., 1887, p. 225, another. Although most of Boisduval’s descriptions are in my opinion - incapable of being definitely attributed to any particular species it seems to me desirable, as Sir W. Macleay has applied them to species in his collection, to accept his identifications and to let the insects in question bear Boisduval’s names. These names are preusta, rufipennis, australis, and mestus. The first of them _ {preusta) Sir W. Macleay regards (correctly I think) as a syno- nym of JJacleayi, Fischer, which last is a species that can be confidently identified. Boisduval described another species {Lottini) which he referred to Phyllotocws only with doubt and _ which Sir W. Macleay believed to be a Liparetrus ; it certainly may be disregarded. 22 Erichson described one species (P. bumaculatus) ; it is easily recognisable. Blanchard followed with three species (erythropterus, navicularis and ustulatus) ; all are easy to identify. Burmeister was the next describer, and he also added two names (discoidalis and pectoralis) the former of which he gives as Mr. W. 8. Macleay’s name (no doubt MS.) and states that it is identical with australis, Boisd. It seems to me decidedly that it is a variety of the species that Sir W. Macleay has called australis, Boisd., and that the insect which Sir W. Macleay sub- sequently named iidescens is the same thing. Pectoralis (as Sir W. Macleay points out) is not a Phyllotocus. In 1858 Bohemann described three species (marginicollis, oblongus and velutinus) which Sir W. Macleay says (I think correctly) are all founded on varieties of the species that he calls meestus, Boisd. Then Sir W. Macleay follows with his 12 names on which I make the following remarks. Assimilis is excessively close to Macleayi, Fisch. Its author states that the only good specific character to separate it by is a slight groove on its forehead. After examining a long series I have failed to find such a groove constantly present or absent in either species, and doubt whether the two are distinct. Kingz is undoubtedly a good and distinct species. I believe it to be the insect which Boisd. called rufipennis, but as Sir W. Macleay has attributed that name ;to another insect I shall not disturb his nomenclature. Marginipennis has puzzled me considerably. Its author states. that it is abundant in the neighbourhood of Sydney ; yet I have seen nothing among the numerous Phyllotoci collected by me (or sent to me from) near Sydney which agrees with the description. Unfortunately I can find no reference to it in the notes I made when examining Sir W. Macleay’s types,—so I must pass it by with the remark that unless there is some clerical or printer’s error in the description it is probably a good species unknown to me. Iridescens (as noted above) I have little doubt is identical with australis, Boisd. | Palliatus is decidedly a var. (not I think sexual, as Sir W. Macleay conjectures) of discoidalis. Marginatus its author conjectures to be the female of marginipennis. Judging by the description I have no doubt it is a in of that species, though I doubt the difference being sexual, Ruficollis I cannot identify confidently. The colours are differently described in the Latin diagnosis and the English : 23 following it. It is possible that the species I call rwficollis in the following tabulation may be wrongly identified. Scutellaris is a good species. Apicalis (from Northern Queensland) is a good species. Sericeus, its author states, resembles australis, Boisd.; but no difference from that species is pointed out, and the description applies perfectly to the species named australis in the Macleay collection. I have not seen the type of sertcews, which is not in the Macleay Museum, but is doubtless in the “ Australian ” Museum. Varivicollis I think I know; the type specimen is no doubt with that of sericews, and I have not seen it, but I have an ex- ample from the neighbourhood where varvicollis was taken, which agrees well with the description. It seems to be a good species. Vittatus is an extremely isolated species from tropical Queens- land. The remaining three species (occidentalis, Meyricki, and dispar ) are of my own nomenclature. It will thus be seen that after all necessary weeding out eighteen species remain which may be regarded as at present forming the genus Phyllotocus. The following tabulation shows satisfactory structural characters for distinguishing most of the described species. There are however two (apicalis, Macl. and marginipennis, Macl.) which I am unable to place in the tabula- tion owing to the vagueness of their descriptions. A. Elytra glabrous (or nearly so) except along their lateral margins. B. Elytra nitid, not velvety, with interstices similar inter se and not (or scarcely) convex. C. Maxillary palpi elongate, their apical joint narrow and cylindric or nearly so. D. Front tibiz in both sexes externally tridentate (including the apical process). E. Prothorax rectangular at base Macleayi, Fisch. » EE. Hind angles of prothorax strongly obtuse.. bimaculatus, Er. DD. Front tibic with only one tooth above the apical projection. E. Head testaceous ... oY. ... occidentalis, Blackb. EE. Head black ‘ Meyricki, Blackb. CC. Maxillary palpi much shorter, their apical joint somewhat oval meestus, Boisd. BB. Elytra more or less opaque, often velvety, ; with convex unequal interstices. C. Hind femora black or nearly so. D. Prothorax strongly lobed in the middle of base _... scutellaris, Macl. DD. Prothorax not (or scarcely) lobed in middle of base. E. Puncturation of prothorax faint and obscure (as usualinthe genus) .. wstwatus, Blanch. 24 EE. Puncturation of prothorax unusually strong and well defined... ... variicollis, Macl. CC. Hind femora testaceous vittatus, Macl. AA. Elytra clothed with erect hairs (at. any rate along the base and suture). B. The hairs fringing the prothorax black or nearly so. C. Prothorax entirely black. D. Head very coarsely unevenly and by no means closely punctulate. E. Convexity of prothorax (viewed from side) even,—at any rate in the middle. F. Elytra entirely set with erect pilosity erythropterus, Blanch. FF. Disc of elytra glabrous rufipennis, Boisd. EK. Prothorax strongly declivous hind- ward all across base i Kingi, Macl. DD. Head closely Age and somewhat finely punctulate .. navicwlaris, Blanch. CC. Prothorax red, or at any rate with its sides broadly red. D. Prothorax very strongly lobed hindward at middle of base ... rujicollis, Macl. DD. Prothorax not or but little lobed at base australis, Boisd. BB. The prothorax fringed laterally with close- set white pilosity aT dispar, Blackb. It seems desirable to say a word rghit the sexual characters of Phyllotocus, which to some extent vary with the species. In all of them the male has one of the claws of its front tarsi more or less (in some species very much more than in others) dilated. There is also a tendency towards darker coloring in the males than in the females of some species, and in several species the elytra of the female are much more hairy than those of the male. This latter character is very noticeable in P. australis, Boisd.; but is extremely developed in P. Kingi, Macl., the female of which has its elytra densely set with velvety pile while in the male the elytra are nearly glabrous on the disc. Sir W. Macleay is certainly justified, I think, in regarding Lacordaire as in error when he finds sexual characters in the antenne of Phyllotocus. I do not observe any sexual differences in the armature of the front tibiee. PHYLLOTOCIDIUM (gen. nov. Sericidarum ). Mentum sat elongatum sat angustum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo obconico ; palpi maxillares sat breves (fere ut Cheiragre), articulo apicali elongato-ovali quam ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; labrum breviter transversum (a Cheirrhamphice parum ‘dissimile) ; ; oculi modici; antennze modice, 8-articulate, clava (maris quam femine magis elongata) 3 - articulata ; prothorax qualis ; scutellum modicum ; elytra maris haud, femine vix manifeste, striata ; pedes robusti minus elongati; tibia antice extus (processu 25, apicali vix extus directo excepto) haud deniate ; unguiculi modice elongati (ab articulo 5° tarsorum longitudine haud multo dissimiles), simplices, maris anterioribus incrassatis et appendicibus 2 eiongatis membranaceis instructis; coxe postice quam metasternum paullo breviores ; corpus supra sat glabrum, subtus pilosum. Type P. (Cheiragra), Macleayi, Blackb. The tarsal character of this species (mentioned by me in describing it, P.L.S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 482) must, I am now con- vinced, be regarded as inconsistent with a place in the genus Chevragra ; its facies moreover is quite sue generis, the glabrous nitid upper surface being suggestive of certain Phyllotoci while its head is that of a Cheiragra; the structure of the legs (and especially the claws) is quite different from that of any other species known to me, while the coppery (or purplish) gloss of the upper surface distinguishes it among its allies. CHEIRRHAMPHICA (gen. nov. Sericidarum). Mentum sat elongatum sat angustum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo obconico; palpi maxillares modici (quam Phyllotocc Macleayi, Fischer, multo breviores), articulo ultimo subcylindrico ad apicem subacuminato ; labrum breve transversum a clypeo sutura vix manifesta divisum; oculi modici, fere ut Phyllotoci ; antenne modice, 8-articulate, clava brevi 3-articulata; prothorax equalis; scutellum modicum ; elytra oblonga, parum manifeste striata ; pedes elongati fere ut Phyllotoci, sed maris tibiis anticis compresso- dilatatis et tarsis anticis brevibus (harum articulis basalibus 4 brevissimis, articulo apicali quam tibia antica vix breviori, unguiculo permagno deformi) ; cox postice quam abdomen vix breviores ; corpus pubescens. It will be seen from the above diagnosis that this genus must be placed in Lacordaire’s “Groupe” Phyllotocides and that it differs from Phyllotocus notably in the front piece of the clypeus being very short, strongly transverse, and not separated from the preceding piece by a sharply defined suture, also by the very remarkable sexual characters in the front legs of the male, and the very different maxillary palpi. The hind coxe are very elongate, their hind edge being (on the lateral margin) scarcely farther from the apex of the abdomen than from the hind margin of the metasternum. C. pubescens, sp. nov. Sat ovalis; pube pallida sat elongata ad- pressa vestita ; subnitida; nigra, vix enea, antennis palpis pedibusque brunneo-testaceis (nonnullorum exemplorum pro- thorace elytris abdomineque brunneo-testaceis, nonnullorum 26 femoribus posticis vel 4 posterioribus infuscatis); capite prothoraceque sparsim sat fortiter, elytris minus sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio leviter squamose, punctulatis ; pro- thorace transverso, antice leviter angustato minus emar- ginato, lateribus sat arcuatis, basi bisinuata, angulis posticis obtusis ; scutello modico ; elytris haud (vel vix manifeste) striatis ; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis. Long., 17—24 L ; lat. 4+—14 1. In the male the basal four joints of the front tarsi are incras- sated and very short,—together scarcely reaching to the apex of the apical process of the tibia. The fifth joint is excessively dilated and as long (without including the claws) as the preceding joints together. One claw is as long as the fifth joint has a very large lamina like appendage at its base and is attached to the apex of the fifth joint in such fashion that it is directed back- wards almost parallel with the tarsus. The other claw is normal. The apex of the basal part of the fifth joint is thickly clothed with long hairs. W. Australia; taken by Mr. Lea at Swan River and Geraldton. C. interstitialis, sp. nov. Mas.—Ovalis; parum lata; pube brevi erecta pallide ferruginea vestita ; sat opaca ; nigra, antennis palpis pedibus anterioribus 4 tarsisque posticis plus minusve rufescentibus ; capite crebrius subtilius, prothorace sparsim sat grosse, elytris quam prothorax magis crebre vix minus grosse, pygidio minus perspicue, punctulatis ; prothorace vix transverso, antice sat fortiter angustato, lateribus modice arcuatis, basi vix bisinuata, angulis pos- ticis obtusis ; scutello modico ; elytris costis obsoletis angustis circiter 4 instructis; tibiis anticis extus haud (processu apicali excepto) dentatis; tibiis posticis robustis. Long. 221; Lat. 121. I see no reason to separate this species generically from the preceeding although as will be seen by comparing the descriptions the two are not much like each other superficially. The erect (not adpressed) hairs with which it is clothed, its clypeus more evenly rounded in front, its much less transverse prothorax its elytra with distinct traces of coste, its very stout hind tibi, the much more numerous set at the apex of each tarsal joint, &c., contribute to make this species extremely distinct from the pre- ceding. Its facies, indeed, is very much that of a Cheiragra, but [I do not see how it can justifiably be placed among species with short appendiculate claws while (as is the case) its claws are altogether as characterized in the diagnosis of Cheirrhamphica. Perhaps eventually it may be regarded as the type of a new 27 genus. The male characters of the front tarsi are quite as in C. pubescens except in the basal lamina of the large claw being scarcely developed. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. French. NEOPHYLLOTOCUS (gen. nov. Sericidarum). Type V. (Macrothops) rostrata, Macl. I propose this name as a substitute for Macrothops, Macl. nec Boisd., which is a nom. preocc., having been used by Boisduval for a genus already named Phyllotocus by Fischer de Waldh. Sir W. Macleay’s diagnosis is not very complete as it does not in- clude any reference to the claws, where the most obvious distinc- tive characters of the Phyllotocides are to be found. In the present genus the claws are extremely short (about half the length of the 5th tarsal joint), and are all simple in the female. In the male one of the claws on each of the 4 anterior tarsi is bifid. Sir W. Macleay described a second species of his genus Macrothops under the name pallidipennis which he stated was founded on specimens that had lost their “ palpi, tarsi &c.” It is therefore, impossible to say whether that species is rightly as- sociated with the present insect. CHEIRAGRA. Sir W. Macleay formed this genus for a number of species which he described so briefly that it is impossible to identify any of them (as species) with certainty except by comparison, which has not been practicable for me. I have before me a considerable number of specimens evidently attributable to the genus. Sir W. Macleay in his diagnosis of the genus omitted to mention that the claws are appendicuiate and furnished at their base with large membranous processes, which I take to be the most reliable generic character. In the male the front tarsi have one claw similar to those of the female while the other claw is enormously developed and turned back against the surface of the tarsus. With the exception of two examples (from a far Northern locality, unfortunately both females and therefore undesirable for description) I cannot satisfy myself that the specimens of this genus before me represent more than one species. They are from various localities in Victoria and N.S. Wales and differ to a remarkable extent in coloring, so that it is hard to find two quite alike. This species does not appear to be Phyllotocus pusillus, Blanch. (which Sir William seems to regard as the type of Cheiragra) as its prothorax is not black in any variety that [have seen and certainly could not be described as ‘‘haud punctatus.” 28 I suspect it is C. ruficollis, Macl., but unfortunately there is a discrepancy between the 12 words of Latin and the 33 of English of which the description consists, as the Latin makes the elytra testaceous and the English implies that they are black (at least in the male). However, the specimens before me include elytra entirely black, entirely testaceous, and black with various testace- ous blotches. There are no differences among Sir W. Macleay’s descriptions of C. ruficollis, pallida, lurida, and atra except in respect of color and slight distinctions in size. C. pygmea is probably a distinct species which I have not seen, and aphodioides may be distinct, as Sir W. Macleay says that the front tibize of the male are more slender than in its allies. EPHOLCIS, This genus bearing much superficial resemblance to Mechidius has entirely the Sericid relation between clypeus and labrum. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse in founding it expressed the opinion that it is intermediate between Diphucephala and Mechidius. Its coloring and the character of its sculpture as well as the presence of appen- dages at the base of the claws are certainly suggestive of thelatter, though it is to be noted that the claw appendages are not really characteristic of Mechidius, being absent in many species, and an analogous structure being found in an isolated species (Nosphisthis) described below. But the structure of the head is totally different from that of Mechidius and if it were to be regarded as allied to that genus rather than Diphucephala it would upset the validity of Sericides and Sericoides as distinct sub-tribes. I have little doubt that it is a flower-frequenting genus. Mechidius Albertisi and bilobiceps of Fairemaire are evidently referable to Zpholcis. I suspect that the former is identical with £. divergens, Waterh., in which case its name must sink as a synonyn. I refer provisionally to this genus Mechidius gracilis, Waterh. which its author says is “very unlike all the others in that genus.” It appears to me impossible to consider it a Mechidius or even closely allied thereto, inasmuch as its prosternal sutures are not open to receive its antenne and its mouth structure is of the Sericid type, the front of its labium being almost in contact with the apex of the clypeus without the intervention of a visible labrum. Its facies is undoubtedly highly suggestive of Mechidius and very different from that of Zpholcis, but never- the-less I can find no character to separate it from the latter genus which is not evidently merely specific in other genera, e.g. Diphucephala and Mechidius. The following is a new species allied to Z. (Mechidius) gracilis. eS 29 £. longior, sp. nov. Sat elongata; sat opaca ; picea, antennis palpis pedibus et corpore subtus rufescentibus; setulis brevibus gracilibus adpressis, et pilis erectis elongatis sparsis, testaceis vestita; capite antice truncato elevato-reflexo, lateribus sinuatis ; prothorace sat transverso, antice fortiter angustato crebre rugulose sat grosse punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, angulis anticis sub-acutis minus promi- nulis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi rotundata; elytris obscure seriatim punctulatis, lineis 3 obscurioribus vix ele- vatis instructis; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis, a 3° sat remotis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basaliquam 2° multo longiori; ungui- culis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis armatis. Long. 341. ; Lat. 121. Larger and more elongate than #. gracilis, Waterh., with the prothorax much more coarsely punctulate ; the clypeus consider- ably more reflexed in front (causing the labium to appear less nearly in contact with the edge of the clypeus when the head is looked at from beneath), and with its sides more sinuate. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. Cowley. SERICOIDES (Sub-tribe). This sub-tribe is by far the most numerously represented among the Australian Melolonthini, and moreover presents extra- ordinary difficulties in classification, owing to the presence of the most remarkable structural differences between insects that apart from those differences are not even very notably distinct from each other as species. These differences are found in the number of joints in the antenne, the structure of the antennal club, the form of the labrum and the hind coxe, and even, to some extent, the structure of the claws. To regard such differences as generic (which one would do unhesitatingly in the case of almost any other Coleoptera) would require an enormous multiplication of the genera known at present and would split up numerous genera. that are among the most natural aggregates in the whole coleo- pterous series. For example, to regard those differences as generic would involve the formation of at least nine new genera out of Heteronyx, than which in a natural arrangement a more homo- geneous aggregate could hardly be found, and changes almost as sweeping would be required in nearly all the other large genera. However at present the sub-tribe is in a state of extreme con- fusion. Numerous genera have been formed since the publication of Lacordaire’s work, but their diagnoses are scattered over a wide field of literature and so far as I know have not been systematically classified. The result of this is that anyone hav- ing new species to describe is faced with the greatest difficulty in 30 ascertaining the genus to which (at Jeast some of them, in all probability) should be referred. I propose therefore, before pro- ceeding to describe various new species before me, to review the Sericoid genera and endeavour to set forth their characters in a tabulated form. I shall not, however, attempt the ambitious task of placing the genera in anything like a permanently satis- factory condition, as in my opinion that would be at present impossible, and moreover would require very extensive alterations that should be made by someone who has a wider knowledge than I possess of the Sericordes of other parts of the world. I may say, in passing, that I believe the character which should have the greatest weight in the classification of the Sericoid species into genera to be the nature of the sexual distinctions. There are far too many species of which the sexual characters are at least uncertain to allow of this system being carried out to-day, but I am convinced that in it will be found the key to the essential distinctions among the Sericoid genera. What I shall attempt will be simply to determine which of the existing generic names can be retained as founded on characters that are (at any rate among other characters) valid, and show the relation of them to each other,—making as few additions as possible, and not attempting to split them up even in cases where I have little doubt that a fuller knowledge of the sexes will eventually require that they be split up. It is necessary however to add a few new genera. It will be observed that in the following classification of genera considerable weight is conceded to characters seeming very slight in comparison of others which are treated as of little value though apparently more important; as where the nature of the elytral striation is made generic and the number of antennal joints specific. On this I have to remark that in what I believe will be the really scientific classification characters founded on the nature of the sexual distinctions will take the place of the apparently unimportant characters now employed and also that, however superficial some of these make-shift characters may appear, long and careful observation of a very extensive series of species from many collections has convinced me that they accompany real generic difference and that there is no fear of future observations requiring the genera thus slightly characterized to be suppressed, but that the effect of future observations will be only to show the necessity of further sub-division of the genera now distin- guished by apparently slight characters. The following may be noted in respect of the result of my observations regarding the Australian Sericoides. 1. The nature of the armature of the claws where the claws are not simple cannot be relied upon as generic, but the difference between claws 31 that are either bifid or appendiculate and those that are simple (disregarding membranous basal appendages) is strictly generic. 2. The number of antennal joints and the number of joints forming the antennal club are not generic (although the difference between the number of joints in the club where it is sexual probably is generic). 3. Characters founded upon the granula- tion of the eyes are strictly generic. 4. The difference between simple and geminate striation of the elytra is nearly always combined with reliable generic differences. 5. Marked differences in the form of the clypeus (at least in many cases) are much more generic than differences in the form of the labrum. 6. Differences in the hind tibie are generic. From these general observations I now pass to some remarks on the generic names that at present stand attributable to ‘the Australian Sericoides. These are, I believe, 34 in number (excluding “ Melolontha” which seems to have been applied loosely by some of the earlier authors to species of this subtribe). © Of these Cotidia and Colobostoma are mere names given (without mention of characters) by Boisduval to species that cannot. be identified. It is not unlikely that Colobostoma was founded on the insect since named Platydesmus sulcipennis by Sir W. Macleay, but the evidence is not strong enough to upset the later name. I Lave already discussed this point in Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1890, p. 517 (note). Haplonycha=Colpochila. Silopa and Hostilina = Heteronyzx. Philochlenia and Omaloplia = Caulobius. Of the names sunk as synonyms in the above statement I regard it as possible that two (Haplonycha and Philochlenia) may have to be restored as repre- senting valid genera when the sexual characters of Colpochila and Caulobius are known in a long range of species, but I do not find any other generic character that seems sufficient to confirm them. After the above eliminations there remain 28 genera, to the validity of which I am not able to bring any definite objection, but of them there are four that I have not been able to identify among the large collections of Melolonthini that I have examined. On each of these a few remarks seem called for. 1. Automolus. This genus was formed by Burmeister for a small Tasmanian species, to which Erichson seems to have attached the MS. name Liparetrus angustulus. Burmeister says that its antennze are nine-jointed. Assuming the correctness of that statement I should say that the genus is a good one and that I have not seenit. If it could be that Burmeister had counted the joints incorrectly and that they are really eight (it is easy to go wrong about the minute antennal joints of a small Liparetrus) I should suspect that the species is one of those which Sir W. 32 Macleay calls ‘‘Section II” of Liparetrus, and in that case I am not at all sure that it would not be justifiable to retain the name Automolus and regard Macleay’s ‘‘ Section II” as forming a dis- tinct genus. But in this uncertainty I must pass the genus by with the remark that it is certainly very closely allied to Lnparetrus. 2. Microthopus. This is another genus (from W. Australia) which Burmeister characterises as closely allied to Liparetrus. If its author is right in saying that it is founded on a male example it is unknown to me. If he was mistaken about its sex I should regard it as possibly identical with my genus Macleayia (in which case my name would lapse). Here again I must pass the genus by as uncertain. 3. Homolotropus. This genus was founded by Sir W. Macleay (Tr. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., IT., p. 193) on an insect that I am unable to identify. Apart from the antenne I find no character in the diagnosis that seems really generic, and the antennal characters alone do not appear to me conclusive. Nevertheless, from the description of the species, I take it that the genus is likely to be a good one, but there is no character mentioned by the author that enables me to place it in a tabulation. Moreover as Sir W. Macleay asserts that the position of Homolotropus is near Xylonychus (which Lacordaire places among the true J/2lolonthides, where I think it is certainly more at home than in the Sericozdes) it is quite possibly not a member of the sericoid group. 4. Odontonyx. Another of Sir W. Macleay’s genera concern- ing which I cannot speak positively. The diagnosis would fit Eurychelus but in the description of the species the author states that there “seems to be” a kind of membranous appendage beneath the last joint of the tarsi, and this remark I am afraid compels me to pass the genus by, with the observation that it is probably near Lurychelus. To the above I have to add nine new genera bringing up the total number to 33. A. Prosternal sutures normal. B. The claws simple (disregarding membranous appendages). C. Winged species. D. Femora glabrous and very slender and elon- gate ‘ar te + es nes) keener Ens DD. Femora shorter and stouter and more or less pilose. K. Elytra very short exposing much of the propygidium (all small species). F. Clypeus margined in front. G. Antennal club 3-jointed in both sexes ... Liparetrus. GG. Antennal club 5-jointed in the male .. Macleayia. FF. Clypeus not margined in front _... ... Comophorus. EE, Elytra of normal length (except in a very few large species). F. Eyes large (projecting laterally at least as far as clypeus), nitid, and scarcely (or very finely) granulate. Front tibiz not as in GG. H. Antennal club not setose on the faces of the joints in either sex. I. Tarsal joints not bearing tufts of long soft hairs. J. Labrum distinct (at least by a suture) from vertical front face of clypeus. K. Free outline of clypeus an even curve (or nearly so) L. Base of prothorax margined. M. Elytra geminate-striate. N. Hind tibiz short, their inner outline not nearly straight. QO. Apical joint of labial palpi conic, not much longer than penultimate ... Aneucomides. OO. Apical joint of labial palpi longer and more cylindric. P. Labrum (viewed from above) trun- cate or emarginate in front. Q. Canthus cutting into front of eye 9 well defined.. Colpochila. QQ. Front of eye entire (or all but entire) ” Petinopus. PP. Labrum strongly projecting, re- flexed and angular at apex... Glossocheilifer. NN. Hind tibiz more elongate, their inner margin straight. O. Antennal club differing sexually (always longer than spud joint of maxillary palpi) Scitala, OO. Antennal club ia both sexes not or scarcely longer than apical joint of maxillary palpi _... ... Anodontonyx. MM. Elytra not geminate-striate. N. A membranous appendage at the base of each claw ... Nosphisthis. NN. No membranous appendage at base of claws. O. Eyes widely separated. P. Spurs of hind tibize normal. Q. Apical joint of labial palpielongate and cylindric... Frenchella. QQ. Apical joint of labial palpi short and more or less conic Platydesmus. PP. Hind tibiz without spurs distinct from the fringing cilia Anacanthopus. OO. Eyes very larye, subapproximate above and beneath the head... Hngyops. LL. Base of prothorax not margined. M. Transverse carina of hind tibize want- ing (as in Scitala). N. Sterna clothed with long pilosity ... Colpochilodes. NN. Sterna almost glabrous Sericesthis. MM. Transverse carina of hind tibiz well defined (as in Colpochila) wn. “VEa0. 34 K.K. Front of clypeus with sharp lateral angles, its sides straight... ... Sciton K.K.K. Front of clypeus emarginate ..« Byrrhomorpha. J.J. Labrum entirely confused with vertical front face of clypeus Dysphanocheila. I.I. Tarsal joints each with an isolated tuft of long soft hairs beneath Ocnodus H.H. The faces of the joints of the antennal elub clothed with erect sete .. ... Diphyllocera. G G. Front tibie excessively dilated and sinuous (not dentate) externally $F .. Pachygastra, F.F. Eyes smaller, and more distinctly granulate ; ¢ surpassed by clypeus. G. Front tibiz not having a tooth close to the base externally 33 Haplopsis. G.G. Front tibie with a minute tooth close to the base externally yacht Caulobius. C.C. Apterous species... ; afte ... Callabonica. B.B. Claws bifid or appendiculate. C. Apterous species 8 ¥ iy ... Pseudoheteronyz. C.C. Winged species. D. Antenne with more than 7 joints. E. Tarsi of male normal. F. Form strongly depressed ... dn oe Pi pet cies es F.F. Form notably more convex Heteronyz. E.E. Anterior four tarsi of male strongly dilated... .Veoheteronyx. D.D. Antenne with only 7 joints 5 aah A.A. Prosternal sutures open to receive the antenne ... Maechidius. ANEUCOMIDES (gen. nov. Sericoidarum ). Mentum antice emarginatum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo breviter conico quam precedens parum longiori; palpi maxillares sat elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori ; labrum modice exstans, antice late rotundatum (superne visum); oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granu- lati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 4-articulata (hac maris quam articuli precedentes conjuncti parum breviori, feminez haud observate); prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata ; tibie antice extus 3-dentatz, posticis perbrevibus ad apicem valde dilatatis; unguiculi simplices; sterna femoraque pilosa. The species for which I propose this new generic name is an extremely puzzling one. Its facies is strongly suggestive of a small Dynastid of the Oryctomorphid group, but its abdominal stigmata are decidedly those of a Melolonthid, its antennal struc- ture moreover being quite inconsistent with the idea of a Dynastid. It is a short robust insect with hind femora and tibiz very short and incrassate, and bears no resemblance in facies to any other Melolonthid known to me. Nevertheless, I have failed to discover any structural character that I can rely upon to dis- er o~ JV tinguish it from Colpochila except the conic form and unusual brevity of the apical joint of the labial palpi and the somewhat peculiar labrum (slightly approaching that of Glossocheilifer ), which viewed from above appears as a lamina projecting to a moderate degree from the lower part of the vertical front face of the clypeus, and having its free outline broadly rounded. In the unique male before me the abdomen is remarkably short but this may possibly be the result of distortion merely, and I also observe that the bristles forming the apical fringe of the hind tibize are unusually short and thick. A. coloratus, sp. nov. Brevis, sat latus; sat nitidus ; supra sat glaber sed prothorace pilis fimbriato, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosus; rufus, elytris nigro-piceis ; clypeo subtilius crebrius, capite postice magis fortiter, prothorace ut clypeus sed minus crebre, elytris crebrius fortiter, pygidio subtiliter sparsim, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotundato sat fortiter reflexo; prothorace postice marginato, fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, angulis anticis acutis minus prominulis posticis (superne visis) fere rectis, basi utrinque vix sinuata ; elytris parum distincte striatis (striis geminatis), interstitiis planis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" vix breviori. lLong.,51.; lat., 24 1. This small species is notable for its coloring, the whole insect being of a somewhat full red color except the elytra which are black (or nearly so), with a little tendency to rufescence about the shoulders. S.W. Australia ; Eyre’s Sand Patch. COLPOCHILA. C. Roei, Burm., is certainly, I think, identical with C, crassiventris, Blanch. The latter is the older name. PETINOPUS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice profunde triangulariter emarginatum ; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo gracili cylindrico; palpi maxillares sat elongati, articulo ultimo quam prexcedens multo longiori ; labrum a clypei parte antica verticali bene discretum sed vix prominulum (fere ut Scztale) ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice fere integri ; antennez (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata quam pal- porum maxillarium articulus ultimus parum longiori (maris quam feminz haud longiori) ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata; tibie antice extus 3-dentatez, posticis modicis latis intus sat fortiter arcuatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna parce pilosa; tarsi posteriores 4 maris subtus longe dense pilosi. 36 The species for which I propose this new generic name has the appearance of a Colpochila,—though very much smaller than any Colpochila known to me,—but is at once distinguishable from the species of allied genera by the sides of its clypeus not cutting into the eye. I find however a faintly marked smooth but scarcely elevated line on the eye occupying the position that in allied genera is occupied by the canthus-like prolongation of the clypeus. Another notable character consists in the long closely placed pilosity on the underside of the hind and intermediate tarsi in the male which gives those organs an appearance from a certain point of view suggestive of a feather. In the female the hind tarsi are glabrous except at the apex of each joint. The mentum, moreover, is remarkable on account of the very deep triangular excision (reaching nearly half-way to the base) of its apical margin. P. egrotus, sp. nov. Sat brevis; sat latus; sat nitidus; supra fere glaber ; brunneo-testaceus ; clypeo minus crebre, capite postice crebre subaspere, prothorace vix crebre minus for- titer, scutello fere ut prothorax, elytris fortius subcrebre, pygidio fere ut prothorax, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotun- dato reflexo ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antice minus angustato, angulis anticis sat acutis parum productis posticis rotundato-obtusis ; scutello magno triangulari; ely- tris leviter geminato-striatis, interstitiis nonnullis angustis subconvexis ; tarsorum posticorum articulis 1—4 inter se longitudine subzequalibus. Long., 441.; lat., 24 1. N. Territory of 8. Australia; in my collection, also in 8.A. Museum. GLOSSOCHEILIFER (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice latum fortiter emarginatum ; palpi fere ut Diphyllocere (labialibus modicis articulo ultimo sat elon- gato apicem versus angustato, maxillaribus sat elongatis articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori); labrum for- titer productum, ad apicem angustatum et reflexum ; oculi sat magni, sat nitidi, fere leves, antice a cantho profunde incisi ; antennze (speciei typice) 9-articulatze, clava 3-articulata hac maris articulis antennarum 2-6 conjunctis equilonga, femine sat breviori ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata; tibiz antics extus 3-dentatz, posticis minus elongatis (parte apicali sat fortiter dilatata); unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis elongatis dense vestita; tarsis maris quam femine multo longioribus robustioribus. This genus differs from all its allies in the remarkable form of its labrum, which is very large and projects forward from the lower extremity of the front (subvertical) face of the clypeus, 37 bending obliquely upward, and viewed from above looks like a protruding tongue. G. labialis, sp, nov. Elongato-ovatus; nitidus; supra fere glaber, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosus ; piceo-niger, antennis palpisque rufis, pedibus (presertim coxis anticis) plus minusve rufescentibus ; clypeo minus crebre, capite postice confertim (hoc exemplorum visorum in medio fovea Jeviter impresso), prothorace sparsim (ad latera magis erebre), elytris sat sparsim, parum fortiter punctulatis ; pygidio in medio sublevi, ad latera sparsius subtiliter punctulato; clypeo antice rotundato sat reflexo ; prothorace postice marginato, sat transverso, lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis minus productis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi utrinque sinuata; elytris in disco distincte striatis (sed striis minus perspicue geminatis), latera versus minus distincte striatis (sed striis perspicue geminatis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sat breviori. Long. 64—7]I. ; lat. 341. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Lea at Mt. Barker. SCITALA. In Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1890, pp. 539-545, I wrote at some length on the claims of this name to retention,—it having been substituted by Burmeister and Lacordaire for Sericesthis. I need not now repeat the arguments I then employed, but merely observe that I contended for the claims of Sericesthis to be re- tained in preference to Scitala. In doing so I followed the dis- tinguished authors quoted above in the assumption that the type of Sericesthis is congeneric with the type of Scitala. Lately however I have seen reason to consider that assumption unwar- ranted. I take it that the type of Sericesthis is the species for which Boisduval first used the name,—viz. S. geminata,—and that is undoubtedly a later name for Melolontha pruinosa, Dalm. Now the type of Erichson’s genus Scitala is S. sericans, Er., a species which I am not sure that I know, but I have before me numerous species undoubtedly congeneric with it (judging by the generic diagnosis), and there appear to me sufficient reasons for the conclusion that they are not congeneric with Sericesthis geminata, Boisd. Erichson states that in Scitala the apical joint of the labial palpi is obconic and incrassate (as it is in the numerous species referred to above) and he so figures it. But in S. geminata, Boisd., it is elongate, cylindric, and very slender. The shape of that joint is a very important character which that eminent specialist Dr. Sharp relies upon as a leading distinction of his genus Anodontonyx. I find, moreover, that all the species known to me congeneric with S. sericans have the base of the 38 prothorax margined while in Sericesthis geminata, Boisd., the prothorax has no basal margin. On these grounds I have con- cluded that Scztala and Sericesthis are both valid genera, and I know of no other species than geminata, Boisd. (=pruinosa, Dalm.) that can be attributed to the latter. Dr. Sharp’s genus Anodontonyx has the labial palpi of Scitala as figured and described by Erickson [a fact which Dr. Sharp seems to have overlooked,—probably taking S. pruimosa on Lacordaire’s authority as the species of (so-called) Scitala with which he compared his Anodontonyx,—though he probably has seen also some true Scitala for he says that the apical joint of the labial palpi in Scitala is “generally” slender]. Anodontonyx however is perfectly distinct from both Sericesthis and Scitala by another character (mentioned by Dr. Sharp) viz. that the antennal club is short. This is more fully expressed by saying that in Anodontonyx the antennal club is alike in the sexes while in Scatala it is much longer in the male than in the female and in both sexes is considerably longer than that of Anodontonyz. Boisduval and Erichson appear to have included species of other genera in their Sericesthis and Scitala respectively (a matter with which I hope to deal in the next part of this series of papers) but that does not appear to touch the validity of the genera inasmuch as their characters should rest in the one case on the characters of the species to which the name was first applied (without a diagnosis) and in the other case on the diagnosis. The seven species described by me in my paper referred to above under the name Sericesthis (on the assumption that Sericesthis and Scitala are identical) I must now transfer to Scitala (regarding that genus as distinct from Serécesthis ). NosPHIsTHis (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice vix perspicue emarginatum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo subconico; palpi maxillares parum elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens vix longiori ; labrum sat prominulum, antice (superne visum) emarginato- truncatum ; oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typics) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata, quam palporum maxillarium articulus ultimus haud longiori; prothorax transversus ; elytra striata (haud geminatim); tibie antice extus 3- dentate, posticis sat brevibus ad apicem dilatatis intus arcuatis ; unguiculi parvi simplices, sed ad basin lamella membranacea instructi; sterna pilis longis minus dense vestita, : : 39 This genus has the facies of /renchella, from which it is readily distinguished by the membranous Jamella at the base of each claw, as well as by the form of the apical joint of the labial palpi and of the antennal club. I suspect the type is a female, but I have no doubt the male scarcely differs in external structure ; I do not recollect an instance of an Australian Melolonthid having an extremely abbreviated antennal club in the female and a longer one in the male. I judge the type to be a female only because its tarsi are short and slender. The sexual distinctions in the genera to which this is related are very slight, usually almost confined to the length of the tarsi where the antennal club is not in both sexes notably longer than it is in the insect before me. NV. parvicornis, sp. nov. Fem.? Sat nitida; rufo-ferruginea ; pilis elongatis fimbriata ; corpore subtus pygidioque pilosa ; capite confertim rugulose punctulato, clypeo late truncato- rotundato, antice fortiter reflexo; antennis 9-articulatis, clava perbrevi quadrata 3-articulata; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, sparsius (quam caput multo minus crebre) punctulato, lateribus sat squaliter arcuatis, angulis anticis vix acutis posticis obtusis, basi minus fortiter bisinuata; scutello punctulato; elytris sat fortiter sat zequaliter striatis, interstitiis fortius vix crebre punctulatis; pygidio subopaco, creberrime subtilissime ruguioso-punctulato ; tarsis brevibus ; articulo apicali inter unguiculorum baseos lamina instructo; unguiculis brevibus fortiter curvatis. Long., 6} 1; lat. 341. N.S. Wales ; taken by Mr. Lea at Forest Reefs. FRENCHELLA. In addition to the species of Blanchard and Burmeister already mentioned by me (Pr. Linn Soc, N.S.W., 1892, p. 104) as probably needing to be transferred from Haplonycha to Frenchella, I find that H. iridescens, Blanch., is almost certainly a /renchella ; I have examples before me which seem to be clearly that species The following are new ones. Ff. hispida, sp. nov. Sat nitida; ferruginea, prothorace prope marginem lateralem medium macula obscura notato; supra pilis elongatis fimbriata et in capite elytris pygidioque pilis longis erectis sparsim vestita ; subtus sat pilosa; capite crebre fortiter rugulose punctulato, clypeo antice rotundato modice (minus quam /. l/ubrici, Black.) reflexo; antennis 8-articulatis, clava sat elongata 3-articulata ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, quam caput multo minus crebre punctulato, lateribus superne visis a 40 basi ad medium fere parallelis hinc antrorsum subsinuatim convergentibus (a latere visis, paullo pone medium rotundato dilatatis), angulis anticis acutis posticis acutis nonnihil dentiformibus, basi bisinuata ; scutello punctulato; elytris sat «qualiter striatis, interstitiis subconvexis sat fortiter punctulatis ; pygidio fere ut elytra punctulata et pilosa. Maris antennarum clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori; feminz paullo breviori. Long. 6—6} 1, ; lat. 3 —34 1. For remarks on this species see the following (/. approximans). Victoria and N.S. Wales. F. approximans, sp. nov. Sat nitida ; fusca, antennis palpisque dilutioribus, nonnullorum exemplorum elytris et corpore subtus plus minusve rufescentibus; ut F. hispida pilosa ; capite antennisque ut /. hispide ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato (nonnullorum exem- plorum obsolete canaliculato), quam caput vix minus crebre punctulato, lateribus superne visis fere ut /’. hispide sed a latere visis multo minus fortiter (et vix pone medium) rotundato-dilatatis ; cetera ut F. hispide. Long. 6—7 1. ; lat. 24—4 1, This species is readily distinguishable from nearly all the other described Australian Sericoid Lamellicornes with simple claws by the long slender erect hairs that are thinly placed in longitudinal rows on its elytra. It is, however, extremely close to /. hispida from which it differs by its darker color, the considerably closer puncturation of its prothorax and the different lateral outline of its prothorax. If this be looked at from the side it is seen in F. hispida to form a strong curve the extreme convexity (that is, the point where the prothorax is at its greatest width) of which is markedly behind the middle, whereas in the present species it is only very feebly curved outward, and the extreme convexity of the curve is scarcely behind the middle of the length of the lateral margin. Owing to the declivity of the sides of the prothorax this difference is scarcely noticeable when the prothorax is looked at from above. N.S.W.; Sydney and northern districts. f’. hirticollis, sp. nov. Sat nitida ; fusca, plus minusve rufescens ; fere ut F. hispida pilosa sed pilis erectis in prothorace ut in elytris vestita ; capite ut /’. hispide ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata 3-articulata ; prothorace sat fortiter trans- _ verso, antice angustato, dupliciter punctulato (puncturis majoribus solis setiferis), lateribus superne visis modice arcuatis (latitudine majori pone medium posita) basin versus sinuatis (a latere visis fere ut JF’. hispida sed etiam magis fortiter rotundato-dilatatis) ; cetera ut F. hispide. 1 ey 5 41 Maris antennarum clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori; femine paullo breviori. Long., 7— 7} 1.; lat., 34—34 1. Allied to the preceding two, but easily distinguishable by the following characters :—The antennz nine-jointed, the prothorax (as well as the elytra) clothed with long erect pilosity, the pro- thoracic puncturation consisting of two kinds of punctures inter- mingled (one kind manifestly smaller than the punctures on the prothorax of hispida and non-setiferous, the other kind much larger and setiferous), the sides of the prothorax very manifestly sinuate behind the middle (viewed from above) and evidently more abruptly—indeed almost sub-angularly—dilated behind the middle, and more abruptly declivous (viewed from the side). N.S. W. ; all the specimens I have seen are, I believe, from the Sydney district. Ff. aspericollis, sp. nov. Mas. Sat nitida; fusco-rufescens ; pilis elongatis fimbriata, capite pygidioque pilis erectis vestitis, corpore subtus piloso; capite antennisque ut F& hispide ; prothorace fere ut F&. hispide sed creberrime aspere punctu- lato ; elytris magis subtiliter punctulato; pygidio (exempli typici) longitudinaliter fortiter carinato; cetera ut JF. hispide. Fem. latet. Long., 53 1.; lat., 31. Near /. hispida but with elytra devoid of erect sete (I do not think this is due to abrasion). Very distinct also by the extremely close asperate puncturation of the prothorax and the very evidently finer puncturation of the elytral interstices, as well as by the strongly carinate pygidium,—though I do not find the carination of the pygidium a reliably constant character in all the Australian Lamellicornes. N.S. Wales ; Armidale ; given to me, I believe, by the late Mr. Olliff. i. sparsiceps, sp. nov. Mas. Sat nitida; rufescens ; pilis elon- gatis fimbriata, corpore subtus piloso ; capite postice minus fortiter minus crebre haud rugulose (parte media fere levi), clypeo (hoc minus brevi antice rotundato) magis crebre magis equaliter, punctulatis; antennis 9-articulatis, clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti sat longiori ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, sparsius (quam /. hispide sat minus crebre) punctulato, cetera ut 1. hispide ; scutello sat levi; elytris fere ut /. haspide sed interstitiis multo minus grosse punctulatis. Fem. latet. Long., 6 1.; lat. 34 1. I have seen two males of this species—both in inferior condi- tion and both taken by Mr. Lea near Sydney. The species is at 42 once distinguishable from all the preceding by its much more sparsely and smoothly punctured head. In both the examples before me there are two large faintly marked impressions between the eyes, but this is probably not a constant character. J. sparsiceps is also distinguishable from all the preceding except hirticollis by its nine-jointed antenne, and from that species by its considerably longer antennal club and the absence of erect pilosity on the upper surface. N.S. Wales. ANACANTHOPUS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum ). Mentum subangustum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo minus elongato subovali; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens duplo longiori; labrum parvum sed distinctum, parum exstans, antice (superne visum) emar- ginatum ; oculi modici sat nitidi, subtiliter granulati, antice a cantho incisi; antenne (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata [hac maris (?) quam articuli 2-6 conjuncti vix longiori]; prothorax transversus; elytra striata (haud geminatim); coxe postice quam metasternum parum breviores ; tibiz antic extus bidentatz, posticis brevibus ad apicem valde dilatatis spinoso-ciliatis (sed haud calcaribus a ciliis distinctis armatis) certo adspectu bilobis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna breviter sparsim pilosa. A very remarkable genus which I refer with much hesitation to the Sericoides, The species described below has the facies of a Dynastid, and I have not a specimen which I can afford to damage to the extent that would be necessary to examine its abdominal stigmata, but its nine-jointed antenne justify me I think in excluding it from the Dynastides. Assuming it to be a Melolonthid there is nowhere to place it but in the Sericordes from which I can find no structural character to separate it. But wherever it be placed the remarkable structure of its hind tibiz should make it easy to recognise. These are extremely dilated at the apex where they bear a continuous fringe of strong stout spines but nothing that can be distinguished from the rest of these spines as being “ apical spurs.” It is to be noted that its eyes are smaller and more distinctly granulated than in most of the genera allied to Colpochila and Sericesthis, and thus ap- proximate to the Caulobius type, but as they project laterally as far as the clypeus I think the genus should be grouped with the former two rather than the last-named. The evident resemblance on facies to the next genus (Hngyops) which is certainly a Sericoid tends to contirm this in the place I have given it. I am uncertain of the sex of the specimen before me but T do not think that important since (from the analogy of allied genera) it is. ] 43 unlikely that if it be a female the male differs materially except in probably having a longer antennal club. I have not been able to make a proper examination of the front margin of the mentum (which is rugulose and clothed with extremely long sete, and therefore difficult to study without dissection). A. imermis, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; minus convexus; sat nitidus ; supra sat glaber ; supra piceo-niger, corpore subtus antennis palpis pedibusque rufescentibus ; capite cum clypeo crebre grosse, prothorace sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio sat grosse, punctulatis; prothorace leviter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, basi utrinque subsinuata, angulis anticis acutis vix prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis; elytris substriatis, striis sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis subtilius seriatim punctulatis sat planis ; tarsorum posticorum gracilium articulo basali quam 2°° sublongiori. Long., 35 1.; lat., 14 1. Tropical Queensland. ENGYOPS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum sat angustum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo minus elongato, subdilatato, ad apicem acuminato ; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens duplo longiori ; labrum modicum, bene exstans, antice (superne visum) emarginato-truncatum ; oculi permagni inter se sub- approximati, sat nitidi, subtiliter granulati, antice a cantho incisi ; antennz (speciei typice) 9-articulatz, clava3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli 2-6 conjuncti paullo longiori) ; pro- thorax transversus ; elytra striata (haud geminatim) ; coxe postice minus elongate ; tibize antic extus 3-dentatz, posticis sat brevibus ad apicem modice dilatatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna sparsim pilosa. The species for which I propose the above yeneric name must certainly I think stand near the preceding one (Anacanthopus imermis) on account of the close resemblance between them in respect of the oral organs (the narrow rough mentum clothed with very long sparse sete, the very long apical joint of the maxillary palpi, &c.), and a decided agreement in facies. The present insect however has a less marked resemblance to a Dynastid and differs from the preceding in several important structural characters. It is distinguished from all the other Aus- tralian Sericoides so far as my observation goes by its very large eyes, the interval between which is so narrow that the middle part of the head (limited in front by the clypeal suture, on the sides by the eyes, and behind by a line joining the hind extrem- ities of the eyes) is scarcely if at all wider than long. 44 E. spectans, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; minus convexa; subnitida ; suprasatglabra; ferruginea; capite crebre fortius, prothorace sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio fortiter minus crebre, punctu- latis ; prothorace sat transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus-leviter arcuatis, basi utrinque vix sinuata, angulis anticis acutis vix prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis ; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat fortiter nec seriatim punctulatis subconvexis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sublongiori. Long., 34 1.; lat. 141. Southern Queensland, COLPOCHILODES (gen. nov. Sericoidarum ). Mentum antice sat fortiter emarginatum ; palpi fere ut /renchelle (labialibus modicis articulo ultimo sat elongato sat cylindrico, maxillaribus sat elongatis articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori) ; labrum totum plus minusve exstans, antice (superne viso) truncato vel late emarginato ; oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articu- lata (hac maris angusta elongata quam articuli precedentes conjuncti vix breviori, feminze multo breviori) ; prothorax transversus; elytra geminato-striata; tibie antice extus tridentatz, posticis fere ut Sericesthis (elongatis, gracilibus, intus fere rectis) ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis elongatis dense vestita. The species for which I propose the above new generic name cannot be satisfactorily placed in any previously characterised genus. With the general characters in other respects of a Colpochila it combines the hind tibie of a Sericesthis,—slender, elongate, and having their inner edge straight, which gives it a facies quite unlike that of either of the above named genera. Besides the species described I have seen two others from W. Australia, but as each of them is represented by a unique female it would not be wise to describe them at present. C. raucipennis, sp. nov. Elongato-ovatus; sat nitidus; supra fere glaber, sternis femoribusque pilosis; ferrugineus vel piceo-ferrugineus ; clypeo crebre subfortiter, capite postice acervatim minus fortiter, prothorace sparsius (ad latera sat crebre) sat fortiter, elytris sat grosse rugulose, pygidio minus crebre subfortiter, punctulato ; prothorace postice haud mar- ginato, sat transverso, lateribus (superne visis) pone medium fere rectis, angulis anticis subacutis minus prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi utrinque sinuata; scutello levi; elytris geminato-striatis, interstitiis nonnullis angustis convexis sed sculptura nonnihil propter rugositatem obscura ; 45 tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* parum breviori. Long., 7—8} 1. ; lat., 34—4 1. W. Australia; Perth, Albany, &c. NESO (gen. nov. Sericoidarwm ). Mentum antice leviter emarginatum; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo subcylindrico haud vel vix dilatato, sat elongato; palpi maxillares modici, articulo ultimo quam preecedens sat longiori; labrum in medio vix prominulum, antice (superne visum) emarginato-truncatum ; oculi magni nitidi subtilissime granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (specierum cognitarum) 9-articulatee, clava 3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli 1-6 conjuncti haud breviori, feminz sat breviori) ; prothorax transversus, basi haud marginata ; elytra varie striata; coxze postice minus elongate ; tibiz antics extus 3-dentatz, posticis sat brevi- bus ad apicem dilatatis intus arcuatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna sparsim pilosa. : This genus (which seems peculiar to tropical Australia) differs from Colpochila in facies more widely than in structural charac- ters. It is however distinct by several good characters,—espe- cially its prothorax not margined at the base its short hind coxe and the sparseness of the pilosity on its sterna. The canthus cutting into the front part of the eye moreover is much less divergent from the clypeal outline than in Colpochila, being evidently a mere prolongation of the clypeus, while in Colpochila it has the appearance of a carina distinct from the clypeal out- line. It should be noted that this genus presents the very rare (among the Australian Sericoides) character of including among species with simply striate, one at least with geminate-striate, elytra. In the latter however the striation is very different from that of Colpochila, Scitala, &c., the width of the interstices between stria and stria of the pairs being very little less than of the alternate interstices and all the interstices being equally flat, whereas in Colpochila, &c., the wider interstices are twice as wide (or more) as the narrower ones and the latter are distinctly more convex than the former. NV. usta, sp. nov. Ovata; sat convexa; nitida; supra glabra ; rufo-brunnea, capite prothorace pedibusque obscuris ; capite cum clypeo sat crebre sat grosse, prothorace sparsius sub- fortiter, punctulatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi retrorsum declivi utrinque vix sinuata, angulis anticis acutis subprominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis; elytris subtilius punctulato-striatis, interstitiis subtilius confuse punctulatis, planis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* sub- breviori. 46 Maris antennarum clava quam articuli 1-6 conjuncti vix longiori, pygidio nitido sparsim distincte punctulato. Femine antennarum clava sat breviori, pygidio minus nitido subobsolete punctulato. Long., 44-531; lat., 24—3 1. Tropical Queensland. N. yorkensis, sp. nov. Ovata; modice convexa ; nitida ; supra glabra ; rufa, elytris antennisque testaceis ; capite cum clypeo crebre fortiter, prothorace sparsim subfortiter, pygidio sparsim subtilius, punctulatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi retrorsum declivi utrinque manifeste sinuata, angulis anticis acutis subprominulis posticis obtusis (vix rotundatim) ; elytris minus regulariter striatis, striis fortius punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis sparsim fortius punctul- atis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" distincte breviori. Maris antennarum clava quamarticulil—6 conjuncti fere sesqui longiori. Femine antennarum clava quam articuli 1—6 conjuncti sat breviori. Long., 53 1.; lat., 24 1. Differs from the preceding in color, also in the much longer antennal club of the male, the prothorax notably less strongly declivous hindward across the base, the considerably stronger puncturation of the elytra, the absence of sexual difference in the sculpture of the pygidium, We. Tropical Queensland. NV. planicollis, sp. nov. Ovata; modice convexa ; nitida ; supra glabra ; rufa vel rufo-testacea, capite infuscato, prothorace magis obscure rufo, elytris antennisque pallidis; capite quam clypeus manifeste minus crebre, prothorace sparsim subfortiter, punctulatis; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice sat fortiter angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi haud retrorsum declivi utrinque parum sinuata, angulis anticis acutis parum prominulis posticis obtusis (vix rotun- datim) ; elytris geminato-striatis, striis sat fortiter punctu- latis, interstitiis (ex his, alternis quam cetera paullo angustioribus minus punctulatis vix convexioribus) sat fortiter confuse punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2° sat breviori. Maris antennarum clava quam articuli 1—6 conjuncti plus quam sesquilatiori, pygidio sparsim subfortiter punctulato. Femina latet. Long., 5£1.; lat., 3 1. Resembles the preceding (NV. yorkensis) in color but differs from it in the considerably longer antennal club of the male (which to a casual glance looks about twice as long as all the 47 preceding joints together), in the basal part of the prothorax not being declivous hindward, in the elytral stria distinctly running in pairs, Xe. . Tropical Queensland. SCITON. For the original diagnosis (P. L. 8., N.S.W., 1892, p. 101) it will be well to substitute the following fuller one. Clypeus aatice truncatus, lateribus sinuatis; mentum antice emarginatum, lateribus pone apicem profunde excisis ; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo dilatato ; palpi maxillares parum elongati, articulis robustis (apicali 2° longitudine eequali quam 3" sat longiori) ; labrum vix exsertum, antice (superne viso) truncatum vel late vix emarginatum ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho pro- funde incisi; antenne (specierum cognitarum) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata (hac maris* cogniti quam articuli precedentes 5 conjuncti paullo longiori, femine paullo breviori) ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata ; tibie antice extus tridentate, posticis fere ut Sericesthis (elongatis, gracilibus, intus fere rectis) ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis erectis sat brevibus minus perspicuis vestita, pedibus sparsim pilosis. A very distinct genus on account of the form of the clypeus (recalling that of Mechidius), the peculiar excision of the sides of the mentum disclosing the extreme base of the labial palpi, and the scarcely exserted Jabrum resembling that of the genus I take to be Ocnodus. S. paullus, sp. nov. Ovatus, minus elongatus ; subopacus, non- nihil pruinosus ; supra glaber; rufo-ferrugineus, antennis palpisque testaceis ; clypeo nitido in medio subgibbo crebre squamose, capite postice prothoraceque vix manifeste, elytris parum distincte, pygidio nitido subtiliter sat crebre, punctu- latis; prothorace sat transverso, antice minus angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, basi utrinque leviter sinuata, angulis anticis acutis minus prominulis posticis superne visis sat (nec acute) rectis; elytris geminato-striatis, interstitiis alternis angustioribus subconvexis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" paullo longiori. Long., 5—52 1. ; lat. 24—3 1. 5 Very much like S. ruber, Blackb., but much smaller, and easily distinguished inter alia by its clypeus being quite gibbous in the middle longitudinally (so that from a certain point of view it appears foveate on either side) and by the notably longer basal * i.e. S. paulli, sp. nov. 48 joint of its hind tarsi. I have before me a third species of this genus (also from W.A.) which is not however in fit state for description. W. Australia. DYSPHANOCHILA (gen. nov. Sericoidarwm). Mentum antice leviter emarginatum ; palpi labiales modici, arti- culo ultimo subconico sat dilatato ; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens multo longiori; labrum a clypei parte antica verticali nullo modo discretum ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho pro- funde incisi; antennz (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli precedentes conjuncti multo longiori, feminze haud observatze); prothorax trans- versus ; elytra haud manifeste striata ; tibie antic extus 2-dentate, posticis elongatis minus robustis intus fere rectis; unguiculi simplices ; sterna femoraque pilosa. This genus is easily distinguished by the total absence of any distinction between the labrum and the deep downward-vertical front face of the clypeus (which is even more complete than in the genus that I take to be Ocnodus), in combination with hind tibize of the Sericesthis type. Its facies is something like that of Anodontonyx. D. pilosipennis, sp. nov. Sat brevis, sat lata; modice nitida ; supra pilis subtilibus elongatis erectis sparsius vestita, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosa; brunneo-testacea; clypeo crebrius fortiter, capite postice sparsim sat grosse, prothorace fere ut clypeus sed paullo minus crebre, elytris crebrius sat fortiter, pygidio fortius minus crebre, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotundato-reflexo ; prothorace postice in medio haud marginato, transverso, antice angustato, angulis anticis minus acutis minus prominulis posticis acutis leviter retror- sum prominulis, basi utrinque sinuata ; elytris haud distincte striatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" paullo breviori. Long., 44 1.; lat., 22 1 An easily recognisable species on account of the long erect hairs clothing the upper surface. In one example I can detect no indication of elytral strigz, in the other there are very faint traces of strive arranged in pairs; they are however scarcely dis- tinguishable, but sufficient to show that the striation, such as it is, is of the geminate type. W. Australia; Swan R. Taken by Mr. E. F. W. Blackburn and Mr. Lea. HAPLOPSIS. M. Lacordaire regards this genus as identical with Heteronyx. His remarks seem to imply that he had seen at least one of its 49 species, but it is difficult to believe he can really have done so, as he says that it has “‘entirely the general appearance” of Heteronyz,, —which is far indeed from being the case. Together with a very different facies, it has simple claws and the club of the antennz remarkably elongated. Structurally it is near Cawlobiws (which Lacordaire also merges in Heteronyx, quite erroneously I am convinced). Superficially it is easily separated from Cawlobius by the presence (at any rate in all the described species) of con- spicuous pubescent vittz on the elytra; but it is difficult to specify satisfactory structural distinctions because Cawlobius must I think for the present be allowed to embrace species that will probably have to be treated eventually as types of distinct genera. The insect which Burmeister has described as Caulobius (Sericesthis cervina, Boisd.) is I think pretty certainly not con- generic with C. pubescens, Le Guillou; but as I have not to my knowledge seen the former I am unable to deal with the matter confidently, and must treat Caulobius sufficiently loosely to in- clude in it both those which Burmeister attributes to it. Re- garded thus, the only one of Burmeister’s characters that seems reliable is a very slight (but as far as my observation goes a very constant) one, viz. the presence in Caulobius but not in Haplopsis of a minute tooth on the external margin of the front tibiz close to the base of those organs. In his tabulation Burmeister dis- tinguishes the two genera by the form of the labrum, which in Caulobius is said to be,—and in Haplopsis not to be,—prominent and separated by a distinct suture from the vertical front face of the clypeus. This holds good in respect of Haplopsis and Caulobius pubescens but not in respect of some other species be- fore me which, I feel confident, are congeneric with C. cervina. So again Burmeister says there are eight joints in the antennz of Cuulobius and nine in those of Haplopsis,—but the variability of the Australian Heteronycides in very closety allied species of numerous genera is so great as to render this character worthless. The other notable distinctive character mentioned by Burmeister, —viz. the presence of sexual variation in the clypeus of Haplopsis and not of Caulobius,—is an important one if constant,—but I have not before me (and still less had Burmeister before him) a sufficiently long series of species and specimens to say confidently whether it is constant. That Haplopsis and Caulobius are two thoroughly good genera I should say there is not the shadow of a doubt,—nor have I much doubt that all Burmeister’s distinctive characters (except that founded on the number of antennal joints) will stand, but I suspect that Burmeister’s diagnosis of Caulobius was drawn up on C. pubescens only and that C. cervinus if examined would be found not to correspond with the diagnosis of C. pubescens in respect of the labrum and to differ in other D ' 50 respects of generic importance. Owing to this suspicion I have included among the new species under Caulobius (below) some species which I place in the genus only provisionally (as probably congeneric with C. cervinus, Burm.,? Boisd.), but for which I think a new generic name will be required eventually. H. debilis, sp. nov. Piceo-nigra ; subzenescens ; subnitida ; capite prothoraceque pilis elongatis erectis pallide brunneis, elytris pilis decumbentibus griseis vittatim positis, corpore subtus pedibusque pilis albidis sat crebre, vestitis; capite pro- thoraceque sat crebre nec fortiter punctulatis; hoc fortiter transverso, antice angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis productis posticis obtusis; elytris obscure rugulosis, 5-lineatim (plus minusve manifeste) longitudina- liter convexis, lineis glabris vix rugulosis. Maris clypeo antice truncato subtiliter marginato, antennarum clava elongata. Feminz clypeo rotundato, antennarum clava minus elongata. Long., 25—3 1.; lat., 14—12 1. Easily distinguishable by the form of the clypeus which in front is simply truncate in the male and rounded in the female with its margin not reflexed. The prothorax is notably less coarsely punctulate than in its allies and the tarsi are much more slender than those of H. lineoligera, Blanch. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. H. Ollifi, sp. nov. Obscure viridis; subnitida; supra pilis griseis (in elytris vittatim dispositis), subtus pilis albidis vestita ; capite prothoraceque grosse minus crebre punc- tulatis; hoc minus fortiter transverso, antice angustato lateribus arcuatis, angulis anticis productis posticis obtusis ; elytris granulato-rugulosis, 5-lineatim (plus minusve mani- feste) longitudinaliter convexis, lineis glabris vix rugulosis. Maris clypeo antice fortiter reflexo, producto, late truncato ; antennarum clava modice elongata. Feminz clypeo antice vix producto, anguste reflexo, late trun- cato ; antennarum clava vix minus elongata. Long., 3 1.; lat., 12 1. The decidedly green coloring of this species distinguishes it from all its known congeners except viridis, Blackb., and the clypeus of its male strongly produced and upturned in front with the apex sharply truncate distinguishes it from them all. Northern N.S. Wales ; given to me by the late Mr. Olliff. H. lineoligera, Blanch. The synonymy of this species was given wrongly by Burmeister, and has been taken over by other authors from him. A very casual comparison of descriptions renders this manifest, and it seems incomprehensible that Bur- oo 51 meister could have made such a mistake; equally so that he should have re-described under another name (grisea) an insect which he believed to be already described by Blanchard and then have deliberately placed Blanchard’s name as a discarded synonym below his own. Is it possible he can have thought this course justified by the fact that the specimen he described bore a MS. name affixed to it by Hope at a date possibly earlier than that of Blanchard’s publication? However that may be H. pilosa, Burm. (and not grisea, Burm.) is evidently the same as lineoligera, Blanch., and therefore the name pilosa, Burm., must drop (as a synonym of Jineoligera) and grisea, Burm., must stand as a good species. CAULOBIUS. I have discussed this genus above in connection with Haplopsis. The following species are I think new. C. punctulatus, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; subcylindricus; rufes- cens, capite prothorace metasternoque picescentibus ; pilis brevibus pallidis suberectis minus confertim vestitus ; capite rugulose sat grosse sat crebre punctulato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo; prothorace transverso, antice angustato, rugulose grosse sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus subsinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata; scutello parum manifeste pun- ctulato ; elytris fortiter sat grosse crenulato-striatis, inter- ' stitiis angustis inequaliter nec fortiter convexis; tibiis anticis dentibus 2 prope apicem sat magnis et altero minuto ad basin externis armatis; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; tarsis 4 anterioribus (posticis exempli typici carentibus) modice elongatis, articulis ad apicem fortiter clavatis 2° quam 1" longiori. Long., 31.; lat., 121. I am uncertain of the sex of the unique type of this species, as I do not find any very reliable external sexual characters in Caulobius. The labrum is scarcely distinct from the front face of the clypeus and is pointed behind, its point being opposite to an emargination of the mentum. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Meyrick, near Albany. C. advena, sp. nov. Subnitidus ; subcylindricus ; piceo-brunneus antennarum stipite tarsis elytrisque plus minusve rufescent- ibus; pilis brevibus pallidis suberectis subtilibus minus confertim vestitus ; capite crebrius minus grosse minus pro- funde punctulato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo, antennis 9 (?) articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; prothorace transverso, antice 52 angustato, crebre minus profunde (nullo modo grosse) punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus manifeste sinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis sat acute rectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello vix manifeste punctulato ; elytris inzequali- ter subtilius punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat latis insequali- ter minus fortiter convexis ; tibiis anticis et tarsis anterior1- bus 4 ut C. punctulati, tarsorum posticorum articulo 2° quam 1"* plus quam duplo longiori. Long., 31.; lat., 12 1. Very close to the preceding structurally but with the sides of the prothorax evidently more sinuate near the base, the hind angles distinctly sharper, the color throughout (very notably that of the antennal club) quite different, the puncturation of all the upper surface much feebler and finer, &c. It should be noted that there is a difference in the form of the clypeus between these two species for although it is truncate in both when viewed from above, its front outline viewed from in front is straight in this species but sinuate in C. punctulatus. The labrum seems to differ somewhat in form from that of C. punctulatus the middle of its hind margin not appearing pointed, but that difference is possioly only apparent as in the unique type of the present species the labrum is closely in contact with the mentum and in the other is fully exposed. The antenne are in a very unfavor- able position for examination of the minute joints that form the funiculus and I cannot get sight of them with a microscope but IT am almost sure they are 9-jointed. Australia or Tasmania; exact habitat not known, but pro- bably Tasmania, as a considerably broken specimen in my collec- tion from that island does not seem to me to differ from the type except in larger size (long. 32 1.) and decidedly more rufescent elytra. C. discedens, sp. nov. Subnitidus ; brevior ; niger, capite pro- thoracis lateribus sutura antennis pedibusque obscure rufus- centibus ; pilis brevibus suberectis albidis sat confertim ves- titus ; capite sat fortiter minus crebre vix rugulose punctu- lato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; prothorace sat transverso, antice angustato, rugulose grosse sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus subsinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello coriaceo ; elytris confuse vix perspicue sed sat grosse punctulato-striatis, interstitiis minus angustis leviter valde inzequaliter convexis ; tibiis anticis ut C’. punctulati sed brevioribus magis latis ; tarsis anterioribus 53 4 fere ut C. punctulati sed brevioribus minus gracilibus ; tarsis posticis sat brevibus, articulo 2° quam 1"° vix duplo longiori. Long., 241. ; lat. 121. Differs from C. punctulatus (apart from color and size) chiefly as follows :—The clypeus viewed from in front is not sinuate ; the prothorax is less strongly transverse ; the sculpture of the elytra is extremely confused (and difficult to describe) consisting of coarse but not deep punctures which run unevenly in indistinct strie and have an ill-defined appearance, their interstices very little raised and much wider than in pwnetwlatus and extremely irregular (here and there almost disappearing in vague rugulosity) and generally much serrated by the seriate punctures (in punctulatus the punctures of the striz being markedly coarser and deeper and much more regularly seriate) ; the tibiz are con- spicuously shorter and evidently wider (though with similar external dentation, two well defined teeth close to the apex and one minute tooth at the extreme base) ; the anterior 4 tarsi are manifestly stouter and shorter ; the whole insect is shorter and wider. The much coarser puncturation of the prothorax readily separates this species from C. advena. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. C. compactus, sp.nov. Subnitidus ; brevis; niger ; palpis anten- narumque stipite dilutioribus ; pilis erectis in capite pro- thoraceque sat longis ferrugineis, in elytris brevibus pallidis vestitus ; capite sat grosse crebrius rugulose punctulato, clypeo antice truncato fortiter reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori ; prothorace minus fortiter transverso, antice angustato, grosse rugulose sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis, (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita), angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello coriaceo leviter inequali; elytris minus distincte punctulato-striatis, interstitiis angustis vix convexis obscure rugulosis ; tibiis anticis ut C. punctulati ; tarsis anterioribus 4 fere ut C. punctulatc sed intermediis quam antici sat brevioribus ; tarsis posticis elongatis gracilibus, articulo 2° quam 1" plus quam duplo longiori. Long., 2—22 1.; lat. Lio—liolh This species is in general facies much like C. discedens but is notably blacker with the prothorax less strongly transverse and much more closely punctured ; the elytra also are very differently sculptured ; to a casual glance their sculpture might be described as closely rugulose the rugulosity having a seriate arrangement, but when closely examined they are seen to be in reality closely striate-punctulate, the rows of punctures so close as to be almost 54 confluent and the intervals (both between series and series and between puncture and puncture of the series) squamose-rugulose in such fashion as greatly to obscure the puncturation. Mountains of Victoria and N.S. Wales. C. evanescens, sp. nov. Minus nitidus ; sat brevis ; niger, palpis anternarum stipite et nonnullorum exemplorum tarsis dilutioribus ; pilis pallidis decumbentibus vestitus ; capite crebrius sat grosse punctulato, clypeo sat elongato antice minus lato subrotundato vix reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix bre- viorl ; prothorace leviter transverso, antice leviter angustato, crebrius rugulose sat grosse punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori vix pone medium posita), angulis anticis acutis posticis obtusis (sed bene determinatis), basi media minus fortiter lobata; scutello coriaceo parum inzequali ; elytris crebre minus fortiter seriatim punctulatis, parum rugulosis, interstitiis minus distinctis ; tibiis anticis fere ut C. punctulate sed brevioribus latioribus; tarsis ut C’. discedentis. Long., 15 1.; lat., +1. This miuute Lamellicorn is evidently allied to C. discedens but may be at once separated from it and from all the other described Caulobir by its clypeus evidently more elongate and very much less strongly reflexed at the apex. Although I have not broken off an antenna for examination under a microscope (the only way to be absolutely certain of the number of minute joints in the funiculus) I have, I think, seen quite plainly through a Codding- ton lens that there are four joints in the funicle,—so that the antenne are nine-jointed. W. Australia; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. MCHIDIUS. This genus presents the difficulty usual in Australian ento- mology of containing a certain number of species so vaguely described that it is impossible to identify them without examin- ing the types. The number of names that have been given to species of Machidius is, I believe, 33 (excluding Albertisi, Fairm., bilobiceps, Fairm., and gracilis, Waterh., which have not the pro- sternal sutures open to receive the antenne and have the Sericid structure of the mouth ; they are allied to Diphucephala and are members of, or very near to, the genus Hpholcis). Of the 33 names really appertaining to Mechidiws four must be dropped as synonyms, viz. Kirbyanus, Westw.=spurius, Kirby, excisus, Waterh. = rugosicollis, Macl., raddonanus, Westw. = sordidus, Boisd., and sinwaticeps, Blackb. =mellyanus, Westw. Of the remaining 29, two (viz. obscwrus, Macl., and parvulus, Macl.) are so slightly described that it is impossible to form a clear idea of _ a a ed “ie \ 5d them and I am obliged to pass them by. Thus I regard the genus as at present consisting of 27 valid species to which I shall presently add eight additional ones. Of the 27, there are six that I have been unable to identify, on which I offer the follow- ing notes. M. spurius, Kirby is from N.S. Wales. It is a large species (long., 5 1.) with simple claws, the clypeus very feebly emarginate, the basal angle of the prothorax obtuse, the elytra with rows of minute tubercles, and the hind tibiz with their external apical process extremely elongate. This latter character enables me to place it confidently in tabulating the genus. I have no doubt the Mechidius from W.A. which Mr. Waterhouse (Tr. E. S. Lond. 1875 p. 193) thinks a possible var. of spurius is mellyanus, Westw., which at p. 201 of the same paper the author mentions as unknown to him. M. brevis, Waterh., from North Queensland, is_ scarcely described, the remarks on it consisting of little more than the mention of certain differences from U. ater, Waterh., without any definite statement whether in all respects not specified the description of MW. ater stands good for WM. brevis. Thus there is a considerable element of doubt about some of the characters,— e.g., the color (which is unusual and probably constant in If ater). If WM. brevis is of the same deep black color as WM. ater, I have not seen it. If it is of a different color the description is valueless. M. corrosus, Waterh., is a large species (long., 54 1.) from Tas- mania with appendages to the claws, and the hind angles of the prothorax “not at all acute.” I have seen nothing like it. M. sexdentatus, Waterh., is a rather small species (long. 37 1.) from Adelaide with the head “ tridentate on either side.” Among the numerous South Australian examples of Mechidius that I have seen there is not one with the head sculptured as that of sexdentatus is said to be. The only species I have seen from any locality with sculpture at all approaching it has the sides of the prothorax excised (which they do not appear to be in sexdentatus) and is from Sydney and agrees very well with the description of M. emarginatus, Waterh. M. Froggatti, Macl., is a species of moderate size (long., 4 1.) from N.W. Australia. The only very notable character in the description is a costa running hindward from the humeral angle (7,;the humeral ‘“ callus”). I do not think I have seen the insect. M. antennalis (described below) has such a costa, but is quite different in other respects from the description. M. bidentulus, Fairm., is a small species (long., 3 1.) from Queensland. It has simple claws and is said to be notable by the presence of two blunt teeth on the head. Iam satisfied that I have not seen it. 56 It should be added that the identification of MM. sordidus, Boisd., seems rather doubtful. Boisduval’s description would apply to almost any Machidius, but Mr. Waterhouse (loc. cit.) gives some information regarding it which he says is founded on “authentic specimens,” but without stating the grounds on which he considers them ‘‘ authentic.” Moreover there is a considerable difficulty in understanding his remarks. Under the heading of M. sordidus he says that that species is one of the commonest Mechidii in 8. Australia, and describes its prothorax as ‘ very slightly narrowed posteriorly, the posterior angles slightly less than right angles.” I can at once identify the insect (which is the only common one in S§. Australia, and also occurs in Victoria and N.S. Wales) on which that description is founded, but under the description of the next species (JZ. emarginatus) Mr. Water- house speaks of the “ posterior emargination” of the prothorax in “the preceding (species)” and says that emarginatus is closely allied to it. These statements appear quite impossible to recon- cile with each other. I, however, suppose that by some means the place of emarginatus in the memoir was changed after the description was written and that sordidus was not intended by “the preceding,” but some other species (perhaps excisus, Waterh.). Therefore I take sordidus, Waterh., to be the insect on which the remarks under the name “ sordidws” were founded, —not that referred to (under the heading “ emarginatus”) as “the preceding.” Mechidius is a genus in which the species are for the most part easily distinguishable inter se by well marked characters, and are readily tabulated. There is however one character that it is impracticable to disregard in a tabulation, but which nevertheless cannot conveniently be used without a few preliminary remarks, and that is the form of the hinder part of the prothorax, which is alike in scarcely any two species of the genus. But the grada- tions of difference from one.species to another are not marked enough to make easy the division of the species into groups founded on this character. In a few species the base of the prothorax is straight or evenly curved, with the sides also evenly curved; then we find species in which the base is more or less sinuate and the sides evenly curved; then species in which the sinuation of the base becomes so strong that it should be called rather an “excision” (in some the exci- sion being so angled at both ends that there is an opening for question which is the true basal angle); and then species in which the excision takes in more or less of the side of the pro- thorax so distinctly that there can be no hesitation in calling the hinder extremity of the excision the “hind angle of the pro- thorax.” I have tried several methods of forming groups on this 7 5) character and find the most workable to be founded on the difter ence between a “sinuation” and an “excision” without regard to the question whether the inequality is in the side or the base. Even taking this as the crucial point, there is nevertheless a possibility of doubt in respect of a few species which group the insect should be referred to, and therefore it seems desirable to specify M. clypealis, acutangulus, and imitator as species in respect of which there is room for doubt whether the emargination of the hind part of the prothorax should be regarded as a strong sinua- tion or a moderate excision. With this qualification I believe that it will be easy to distinguish the described species by means of the following tabulation. A. Claws without basal appendage. B. Upper surface not clothed with long erect hairs. C. Hind tibiz normal (not as CC). D. Prothorax not excised in its hinder part. E. Hind tarsi not particularly slender,—their basal joint notably shorter than the next two together. F. External apical process of hind tibie very long,—about same length as longer spur on inner side. G. Hind angles of prothorax acute mel/yanus, Westw. GG. Hind angles of prothorax obtuse spurius, Kirby. FF. External apical process of hind tibiz notably shorter. G. Hind angles of prothorax very acute and strongly prominent hindward. H. Elytra with well defined costz Jatus, Waterh. HH. Elytra not costate ... ater, Waterh. GG. Hind angles of prothorax right or moderately acute, not (or scarcely) prominent hindward H. Clypeus very strongly triangu- larly excised in front. I. Prothorax of normal convexity major, Blackb. II. Prothorax strongly convex longitudinally ... ... gtbbicollis, Blackb. HH. Clypeus widely and feebly emarginate in front. J. Basal joint of hind tarsi about same length as apical joint. J. Base of prothorax feebly _ sinuate ee ... crenaticollis, Blackb. *JJ. Base of prothorax pro- foundly sinuate on either side ... ae ... clypealis, Blackb. II. Basal joint of hind tarsi not- ably shorter than the apical joint 3: bed ... ordensis, Blackb. GGG. Hind angles of prothorax obtuse (though not at all ronnded off) collaris, Blackb. EE. Hind tarsi slender,—their basal joint about as long as the next two to- gether. 58 F. Hind angles of prothorax acute FF, Hind angles of prothorax obtuse (much rounded off) _... : DD. Prothorax in hinder part distinctly ex- cised,—the basal edging not continu- ous round the excision. F. A distinct angle immediately in front of the excision. F. The prothorax considerably nar- rowed in front. G. Basal jointof hind tarsi very short, not longer thanapicalspur of tibize *H. The angle at front of proth- oracic excision strongly denti- form oft 552 sd *HH. The angle at front of excision not dentiform ... p GG. Basal joint of hind tibiz consider ably longer than apical spur of tibize mA ee Ms FF. The prothorax as wide in front as at base nef He tae EE. No angle at front of prothoracic excision ae Aor ae CC. Hind tibie angularly dilated externally at about the middle of their length. D. Prothorax very sparsely punctulate DD. Prothorax closely punctulate fe BB. Upper surface clothed with long erect hairs. C. The uppermost external tooth of front tibiz placed at about the middle of their length ve oh See Hy CC. The uppermost external tooth of front tibize placed much below the middle of their length nA o 4 AA. A quill-like appendage at the base of each claw. B. Prothorax not excised in front of the hind angles. C. Joints of the antennal club shorter than the rest of the antennal joints together. D. Uppermost tooth of the front tibiz placed at about the middle of the length of the tibiz. EK. Base of prothorax strongly sinuate on either side, so that the angles are acute. F. Puncturation of prothorax not par- ticularly coarse. G. Interstices of the elytral striz wide (each with two rows of unctures) ... bivig tt GG. Interstices of elytral striz much narrower, —the strie being much more numerous longitarsis, Waterh. rufus, Hope. acutangulus, Waterh. imitator, Blackb. rugosicollis, Macl. modicus, Blackb. hopeanus, Westw. tibialis, Blackb. rugosipes, Blackb. pilosus, Blackb. variolosus, Macl. sordidus, Boisd. multistriatus, Blackb. * These species may be considered intermediate between the group in which the pro- thorax is excised and that in which it is merely sinuate in its hinder part. 59 FF. Puncturation of prothorax ex- tremely coarse macleayanus, Westw. EE. Base of prothorax not sinuate,—the angles not acute caviceps, Blackb., DD. Uppermost tooth of front tibix placed considerably below middle of length of tibia . atratus, Burm. CC. Joints of antennal club as long as the rest of the antennal joints together ... jissiceps, Macl. BB. Prothorax excised in front of the hind angles. C. Club of antennz three-jointed. D. Side of prothorax with a strong angle in front of the excision emarginatus, Waterh. DD. Side of prothorax rounded at front of excision is excisicollis, Blackb. CC. Club of antennz five- jointed bee ... antennalis, Blackb. M. gibbicollis, sp. nov. Late subovatus minus depressus ; minus nitidus ; piceus, antennis testaceis ; setulis brevibus subtili- bus minus crebre vestitus; capite antice triangulariter fortiter exciso, lateribus sat fortiter bisinuatis ; prothorace gibbo fortiter transverso, antice sat angustato, confertim rugulose punctulato, lateribus sat fortiter crenulatis modice arcuatis, angulis anticis subacutis sat productis posticis rectis (vix acute), basi utrinque sat fortiter sinuata ; elytris crebre punctulato-substriatis, interstitiis nonnullis leviter convexis quam ceteri paullo latioribus ; tibiis anticis extus fortiter 3-dentatis (dentibus intervallis sat equalibus inter se divisis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" parum longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. lLong., 44 1. ; lat., 23 1, This species bears a strong resemblance to WZ. fissiceps, Macl., but belongs to a different section of the genus owing to its having no quill-like appendages at the base of its claws. Its clypeus scarcely differs from that of J fissiceps, but inter alia the general form of the insect is considerably wider and shorter, the prothorax is less narrowed anteriorly and the teeth of its front tibize are much larger more acute and more evenly spaced inter se. It must also be near MM. bidentulus, Fairm. (which has similar claws), but that insect is described as a small species (long. 6 mm.) of oblong form with the sides of the elypeus not sinuate, while the present insect is much larger, is of exceptionally short wide form, and has the sides of the clypeus strongly sinuate. The strong longitudinal convexity of the prothorax (best observed by looking at that segment from the side) is a little more marked than in JW. fissiceps and distinguishes it from most of its congeners. W. Australia; Roebuck Bay. Given to me, I believe, by Mr. J. J. Walker. 60 M. ordensis, sp. nov. Minus brevis, sat parallelus; minus nitidus ; nigro-piceus, antennis dilutioribus ; setulis minutis sparsim vestitus ; capite antice leviter late nec triangulariter emarginato, lateribus vix sinuatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice parum angustato, confertim aspere nec grosse punctulato, lateribus subtilissime crenulatis leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis subacutis modice productis posticis obtusis retrorsum subprominulis, basi utrinque sat fortiter sinuata; elytris crebre striatis, striis sat latis, interstitiis latis convexis biseriatim punctulatis et transversim rugatis (sculptura latera versus confusa); tibiis anticis extus (exemplorum visorum) obsolete obtuse 3-dentatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali crasso quam 2° paullo longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 321. ; lat., 121. A rather narrow parallel little species, with a general resem- blance to M. modicus, but differing by its clypeus only feebly and roundly emarginate in front with front angles quite rounded off, its prothorax not emarginate before the hind angles which are obtuse, and the much shorter and thicker basal joint of its hind- tarsi. In the two examples before me the front tibiz are exter- nally feebly trisinuate rather than toothed, but it is possible this is due to the apex of the teeth having been worn off. W. Australia; sent by Mr. Lea from Ord River, Kimberly district. | M. collaris, sp. nov. Sat brevis, latus ; minus nitidus ; piceus, antennis dilutioribus ; setulis brevibus gracilibus testaceis suberectis vestitus ; capite antice late minus profunde tri- angulariter emarginato, lateribus sat fortiter sinuatis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice sat angustato, sat fortiter minus crebre punctulato, lateribus sat arcuatis, angulis anticis sat acutis modice prominulis posticis obtusis, basi recta ; elytris substriatis, interstitiis planis vix in zqualibus puncturis sat magnis papillatis biseriatim impressis ; tibiis anticis extus obtuse 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 41.; lat. 22 1. This species is very notable in the genus through the base of its prothorax being quite straight,—not at all sinuate. S. Australia ; I have no record of the exact locality of capture. M. imitator, sp. nov. Modice elongatus; subnitidus ; piceus subrufescens, antennis dilutioribus; setulis brevissimis adpressis sat sparsim vestitus; capite antice sat fortiter triangulariter emarginato, lateribus latis leviter sinuatis, angulo ante oculum acute recto ; prothorace fortiter trans- 61 verso, antice fortiter angustato, crebre fortiter rugulose punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis perspicue crenulatis, angulis anticis minus prominulis minus acutis posticis oblique semicirculariter emarginatis (angulo ante emarginationem obtuso bene definito) ; elytris punctulato-substriatis, inter- stitiis inequalibus (nonnullis quam cetera latioribus) irregu- lariter granulis rugisque nitidis ornatis; tibiis anticis extus obtuse tridentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 subapproximatis, a 3° modice remotis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali brevi quam 2" vix longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 4 1.- lat., 141. Allied to M. rugosicollis, Macl., easily distinguishable by the characters indicated above in the tabulation. Australia ; I am not certain of the exact locality, but believe it to be in Victoria. 4M. modicus, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; minus nitidus; piceus plus minusve rufescens ; setulis minimis gracilibus minus crebre vestitus; capite antice triangulariter sat fortiter exciso, lateribus sat fortiter sinuatis antice subacutis; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice parum angustato, confer- tim rugulose nec grosse punctulato, lateribus subtiliter crenulatis leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus productis posticis oblique semicirculariter (fere ut IZ. excisi, Waterh.) emarginatis, angulo ante emarginationem fere recto; elytris crebre striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis ineequaliter rugulosis vel granulosis (nonnullis quam cetera paullo latioribus) ; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" fere duplo longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 34 1.; lat., 14 1. A very distinct species but bearing a general resemblance to M. excisus, Waterh., from which, however, it is readily dis- tinguished inter alia by the much deeper excision of the clypeus, the much slighter narrowing of its prothorax in front, and the much greater length of the basal joint of its hind tarsi. Coolgardie, W. Australia ; sent by Mr. Lea. M. multistriatus, sp.nov. Modice elongatus; subnitidus; piceus, antennis testaceis; setulis brevibus gracilibus suberectis minus crebre vestitus ; capite antice sat fortiter triangular- iter emarginato, lateribus latis sat fortiter sinuatis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice modice angustato, crebre rugulose nullo modo grosse punctulato, lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis sat prominulis posticis subacutis retrorsum directis, basi utrinque fortiter sinuata ; elytris crebre striatis, interstitiis transversim aspere rugatis 62 (certo adspectu nonnullis quam cetera paullo latioribus) ; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approx- imatis a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori, apicali elongato; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 44— 51.5 lat. 2—22 1. Tt is difficult to believe that this common species is undes- cribed and yet there seems to be no doubt that such is the case. It is nearest, I think, to macleayanus, Westw., to which it bears considerable resemblance ; but it differs from thatspecies inter alia in the wider form and less coarse puncturation of its prothorax and in the sculpture of its elytra; these in macleayanus present alternately more and less convex lines, the former more nitid and rugulose than the latter; in the present species the lines of sculpture are equally inter se convex nitid and rugulose and are narrower and separated from each other by more defined and numerous striz. The tarsi of macleayanus, moreover are shorter and more robust. N.S.W. (Sydney, Forest Reefs, &c.) M. excisicollis, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; sat opacus; piceus: antennis dilutioribus; setulis brevibus gracilibus suberectis minus crebre vestitus; capite antice sat fortiter triangu- lariter emarginato, lateribus latis fortiter sinuatis; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice angustato, crebre granu- loso-punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis obsolete crenulatis, angulis anticis sat prominulis vix acutis posticis oblique semicirculariter emarginatis (angulo ante emargina- tionem nullo); elytris seriatim punctulatis (puncturis singulis basi tuberculis nitidis instructis); tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis, a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2™ paullo longiori; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 5 1.; lat., 24 1. (vix). A very distinct species with the prothorax very like that of hopeanus, Westw., but more narrowed in front, and having the basal angles dentiform ; and differing from hopeanus inter alia by the presence of quill-like appendages at the base of the claws ; also like emarginatus, Waterh., but differing from it inter alia by there being no angle before the posterior emargination of the sides of the prothorax. Victoria; in the 8. Australian Museum. M. antennalis, sp.nov. Minus elongatus ; sat opacus ; castaneo- piceus, antennis testaceis clava elongata 5-articulata ; setulis sat gracilibus sat elongatis adpressis minus crebre vestitus ; clypeo antice late subtruncato ad latera recto, angulis anticis / 63 acute jrectis; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice haud angustato, leviter minus crebre punctulato, in disco bifoveo- lato, lateribus leviter sinuato-arcuatis subtilissime crenulatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus prominulis posticis subquadratim emarginatis, angulo ante emarginationem fere recto ; elytris sat crebre punctulato-substriatis, interstitiis angustis inter se zqualibus (sed costa sat fortis postice longe abbreviata a callo humerali, et altera sublateralis antice breviter abbre- viata a callo subapicali, procedunt); tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam sequentes 2 conjuncti haud breviori; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 41.; lat., 2 1. The extraordinary antennz of this species with a club consist- ing of five very elongate joints (longer than all the preceding joints together) of which that nearest the base is a little shorter than the rest distinguish it from all its described congeners known tome. Ido not think the character to be sexual inasmuch asof fissiceps(which hasalmost aselongate an antennal club though only three-jointed) I have seen enough specimens to render the presence of both sexes probable and I do not find any difference in the antenne of different examples. N.S. Wales ; a single specimen taken near Sydney. MELOLONTHIDES (true). RHOPZA. &. hirtuosa, sp. nov. Sat elongata (presertim mas); subtiliter pubescens et pilis erectis sat numerosis (presertim in pro- thorace) vestita; testacea vel fusco-testacea ; capite pro- thoraceque confertim aspere (clypeo grosse minus crebre nec fortiter) quam Ff. heterodactyle, Germ. multo minus sub- tiliter, elytris dupliciter (ut heterodactyle), pygidio ut prothorax, punctulatis; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus crenulatis modice arcuatis, angulis posticis obtusis; elytris ut heterodactyle subcostatis. Maris antennarum flabello elongato 7-articulato, articulo 3° (antennarum) intus producto. Femine antennarum flabello brevi 5-articulato, articulis 4° 5° que (antennarum) intus productis. Long., 101. (mas.) 9 1. (fem.) ; lat., 44—5 1. This species is allied to heterodactyla, Germ. and soror, Blackb. (from the other described species its closely punctured prothorax in combination with a 7-jointed male antennal flabellum at once distinguish it) from both of which it differs by the presence of 64 numerous long erect hairs on the upper surface (they are almost wanting in heterodactyla and soror) and by the markedly stronger and more asperate puncturation of its prothorax, and from soror also by the much less strongly rounded sides of that segment. The antennz of the male are very similar to those of the two species just named but the female has the club of its antennz only 5-jointed (in soror it is 6-jointed,—I do not know the female of heterodactyla, but Germar implies that its antennal club is 7- jointed). N.S. Wales. R. morbillosa, sp. nov. &. Mussoni affinis. Minus elongata ; supra breviter sparsim pubescens; testacea vel fusco-testacea ; capite rugulose inzqualiter, prothorace fortiter vix crebre (quam heterodactyle multo minus crebre), elytris rugulose sat grosse, pygidio confertim aspere, punctulatis ; prothoracis conformatione fere ut &. hirtwose sed angulis posticis rectis bene determinatis; elytris subcostatis (fere ut . heterodactyle ). Maris antennarum flabello elongato 5-articulato, flabelli arti- culis 1° 2° que quam ceteri multo brevioribus (hoc quam ille longiori ad apicem profunde emarginato). Fem. latet. The club of the antennz in the male having only three long joints at once separates this species from all its described con- geners. In other respects it is very much like &. Musson, Blackb., but differs inter alia in its prothorax considerably more closely, and its elytra evidently more coarsely, punctured. N.S. Wales; taken by Mr. Lea near Forest Reefs. 65 ON Two DEEP-LEVEL DEPOSITS OF NEWER PLEISTOCENE IN SouTH AUSTRALIA. By Proressor Raupu Tare. [Read June 7, 1898.] The majority, if not ail, of the low-level tracts fringing our coastline is generally known to be occupied by recent marine accumulations, indicating an elevation of about 12 to 14 ft. around St. Vincent’s Gulf, and thence westward to Fowler’s Bay (see Trans. R. Soc., S. Aust., IT, 1879, pp. lxvii-lxix and 114; IV, 1881, p. 45; and XIII, 1890, pp. 172 and 181). In the South- East, stretching from Lake Alexandrina to the plateau of the Mount Gambier limestone, similar deposits of recent marine shells underlay this extensive paludinal area (see Woods, “ Geol. Obs.,” pp. 183 e¢ seq.). With the exception of the Port Creek shell-limestone (see Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., X, 1888, p. 31), which extends from 18 to 26 ft. below high tidemark, no tangible evidences of deep- seated deposits of a like nature have been brought to scientific notice, though a passing reference to such an occurrence in the Tintinara bore was made at my instigation by Mr. E. V. Clark (Trans. Roy. Soc, 8S. Australia, XX, p. 115). The desirability of publishing particulars of the indications of recent marine deposits at considerable depths in the Port Pirie bore has influenced me in furnishing the data which fix a like age for the chief fossiliferous beds passed through in the Tintinara bore, though more than a decade has passed since the completion of that work, more especially so as my analyses extend the depth of the newer deposits for a further depth of 90 ft. than that stated by Mr. Clark. TINTINARA BORE. This bore was executed by our Department of Water Supply. Samples of the beds passed through and explanatory manuscript formed part of an exhibit staged by the Hydraulic Department in the Jubilee Exhibition held at Adelaide in 1887. This exhibit is now in the museum of our School of Mines, and the samples from Tintinara have been critically examined by me. E 66 The Tintinara bore is located in the Ninety-mile Desert in near proximity to a station of that name on the railway line connecting Adelaide and Melbourne. Its site is sixty-two feet above sea level, and the main fossiliferous deposits extend in depth from 60 to 100 feet, though marine shells appear at 26 feet and at 154 to 244 ft. The deposits to 154 ft. in depth consist essentially of loose shell debris, with varying admixture of sand ; viewed as a whole, the shell debris is, by its nature and the species of molluscs represented, analogous to shell banks which occur between tide-marks on sheltered beaches of to-day, such for example as Hardwicke Bay. The majority of the species, though not living between tide- marks, are those either frequent or not uncommon among the accumulation of shells on many of our beaches. The accompany- ing list of species is based on the examination of about two pints of material, ‘belonging to the School of Mines, in three equal parts from 60 to 70, 70 to 80, and 90 to 100 ft. in depth; and about half-a-pint in the aggregate from depths ranging from 154 to 244 ft. received from the Conservator of Water. All the commoner species occur at all the depths to 100 ft., so that a record of the position of the rarer forms was not considered necessary, but I have added the occurrences below that depth in support of my contention that the containing beds are Newer Pleistocene and not Kocene. Some of the identifications in the subjoined list, either from the fragmentary, juvenile, or rolled condition of the specimens on which they have been based, are not certain though approx- imately correct ; these are indicated in the list by a sign of doubt after the author’s name. All the determined species, as a result of comparison with authenticated specimens, are with three exceptions living in our seas. The exceptions are :—Strigilla sp., this is represented by very little more than the hinge-line of a medium-sized left valve and by a right valve, 6 by 5 mm.; there can be no doubt as to the generic location, but the incomplete outline of the fragment and the very juvenile size of the perfect valve do not permit with safety an identity with the only Australian species of the genus, S. Senegalensis, occurring in North Queensland (Port Douglas, ex Brisbane Museum). ‘The very much finer and closer sculp- ture does not agree with that on an equal area of the umbonal region of the Queensland shell. A minute Erycinid, genus and species yet to be determined, and Syrnola Jonesiana are the other exceptions, both occur in abundance. These I cannot associate with any Australian species known to me either by actual speci- mens or figures, ; 87 SUMMARY OF STRATA Passed through in the Tintinara Bore. (Surface 62 ft. above sea-level). Recent (Terrestrial). Depth in Feet. Travertine, compact and rubbly ... bes 0 — 24 NEWER PLEISTOCENE (Marine). Sand (a few marine shells) .. : 24 — 26 Yellow and grey sands (shells veryabundant) 26 — 154 White friable calcareous silt (apparently comminuted polyzoal debris, shells rare) 154 — 160 Black clay (with scattered shells) ... .. 160 — 244 EKocENE (Marine). Blackish-brown sand (with numerous fossils) 244 — 253 Total thickness of the Newer Pleistocene beds is 220 ft., ex- tending in depth from 38 ft. above sea level to 182 ft. below it. The calcareous silt (154-160 ft.) was regarded by Mr. Clark as the equivalent of the polyzoal limestone of our Eocene, but, as may be gathered from my List, the under-laying black clay (160- 244 ft.) contains the same species of mollusca as occur in the beds over-laying it. To account for a few Eocene fossils in the washings from the material labelled 220-244 ft., there has been some reconstruction of the Eocene-surface or the basal portions of the black clay and the upper-most portion of the Eocene sand-bed have been acci- dently mixed in the process of boring. But recognition of their respective sources is easy by the fact that the Pleistocene-shells show lustre in contrast with the dark-brown colour and opacity of the tests of the Eocene-species. The Bankivie from 220-244 ft. still retain their colour-markings, and the Erycinid bivalve is quite pellucid. List oF SPECIEs.* [The prefixed asterisk denotes abundance. | Purpura textiliosa, Lamarck. *Nassa monile, Kiener. Also 145-154 ft. Marginella muscaria, Lamarck. Marginella muscaria, var. minor. At 220-244 ft. *Marginella turbinata, Lamarck. Also 220-244 ft. Columbella semiconvexa, Lamarck. *Neverita conica, Lamarck. Neverita sagittata, Menke ? Bittium estuarinum, 7’ate. veyenols J onesiana, Tate. *Examples are included in the Pel optolosten Collection at the Museum of the School of Mines, 68 Rissoia (Sabanza) Tasmanica, 7’en.- Woods. Calliostoma Allporti, Z’en.- Woods. Trochocochlea constricta, Lamarck. *Bankivia fasciata, Menke. Also to 244 ft. Adelactzeon casta, A. Adams. Volvulella rostrata, A. Adams. Corbula tunicata, Hinds. Corbula scaphoides, Hinds. At 180-200 ft. *Mactra rufescens, Lamarck. Mesodesma elongata, Deshayes. Mesodesma erycinza, Lamarck. Strigilla sp., . Also 145-154 ft. Rupellaria mitis, Deshayes ? Also 145-154 ft. Chione undulosa, Lamarck ? *Gen. et sp. Erycinide (not determined). Also 220-244 ft. - Carditella infans, 7. A. Smith ? *Nuculana crassa, Hinds. Also to 244 ft. Limopsis Forskali, A. Adams. Magasella Cumingi, Davidson. At 154-160 ft. PORT PIRIE BORE. Operations at this bore were suspended at the date of prepara- tion of this communication, after having passed through to a depth of 574 ft. of incoherent deposits, and a further depth of 61 ft. in siliceous clay-shales and limestones of Cambrian age. At the date of the reading of this paper the boring had been re- sumed, but with what object one is at a loss to understand, as previously a finality had been secured both from geological and economical standpoints. Samples of the beds passed through and a statement of their respective thicknesses have been obligingly placed in my hands by the Conservator of Water. From these data the following descriptive tabular schedule of the boring has been drawn up :— Surface-level 14 ft. above low water-mark. NEWER PLEISTOCENE. Depth in feet. Light blue clay ee a ts a Mottled clayey gritty sand. Marine shells 30 — 90 Reddish sub- angular gritty sandy clay. Marine shells ... 90 — 110 Light grey calcareous silt, slightly argillace- ous, with Plecotrema ciliatum.. cot SEBO 8. DSG Brown clay with included subangular silice- ous and calcareous grit. Marine shells 136 — 150 Mottled (red and gray) ‘gritty clay. Salt water ... 150 — 178 Red-yellow sand or ‘sandrock, consisting of coarse moderately abraded grains ... 178 — 180 Light red and cream colored mottled clay 180 — 276 69 Yellowish grey rey clay. A little salt water ... 423 .. 276 — 290 Very fine grained, yellow, sand-rock. Brackish water t. 13 ... 290 — 360 INFRA EOCENE ? Fine grained, white, sand-rock, colored black by carbonaceous matter ep 360 — 455 Fine grained, white, sand-rock, colored black by carbonaceous matter. With iron pyrites ... oH ... 405 — 485 Brown, _ slightly argillaceous, sand-rock (color discharged on heating) .. 485 — 490 Brown and black bituminous clayey sand- rock. 490 — 527 Fine grained clayey sand and sandy clay, with bituminous stains. .Stock water 527 — 560 Sand with lignite fragments is .. 060 — > 574 CAMBRIAN. Siliceous shales and limestones... .. 544 — 641 Washings for macro-organisms have yielded the following results :— Depth of 50-ft.—Cerithium tenue, Sowb.; and Clanculus Dunkeri, Phil. Depth of 70-ft.—Cerithium tenue. Depth of 130-ft.—Plecotrema ciliatwm, Tate. Depth of 150 to 170-ft.—Cerithium tenue; Diala lauta, A. Adams ; Odontostomia Angasi, Tryon ; Cyclostrema Tater, Angas ; Pseudoliotia micans, var. simplicior, Tate ; Clanculus Dunkeri ; and Utriculus ewmicrus, Crosse. [Nore.—The majority of the foregoing species has been pre- sented to the Museum of the School of Mines.—R.T. | The species and individuals are few in number ; but, consider- ing the very small bulk of the material under analysis, they are proportionately rich. All, with one exception, are living in South Australian waters, and are commonly cast-up on our shell beaches. The exception is a varietal form of a somewhat common littoral shell—Cyclostrema micans. Passing upwards from the Cambrian bed-rock, there are 314 ft. of unfossiliferous beds, more or less carbonaceous. These indicate a land-accumulation. Whether or not, they are virtually cotem- poraneous with the overlying marine-beds, or are on the same horizon as similar beds passed through in the Kent Town-bore,* * Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., V, 1882, p. 43; and XIII, 1890, pl. 4, 70 which underlay Marine Eocene, it is impossible to say. The succeeding 182 ft. of sandy and clayey beds, though unfossilifer- ous, have so much the character of the overlying strata with marine shells that they may be reasonably regarded as forming part of the same series. The chief fossiliferous beds range between 90 and 150 ft., but in the midst of them, at about 130 ft., is a band of calcareous silt charged with Plecotrema ciliatum in an excellent state of preservation. This pulmoniferous mollusc is living at extreme high tide-mark in the marine marshes abutting on the Port Creek, whilst the fine calcareous silt is analogous to the shell-travertine which delimits the margin of an upraised Pleistocene sea-bed, extending from Glenelg via Dry Creek to beyond Virginia. This ancient silt with Plecotrema must, therefore, at the period of its accumulation have been at the line of junction of sea and land, and is indicative of an actual depression of 130 ft. below high water-mark. The associated beds, from 30 to 150 ft. in depth, are, from their con- tained organic remains, shore-line accumulations, and the total amount of depression evidenced thereby is a few feet less than 150 ft. below high water-mark. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. ODONTOSTOMIA JONESIANA, Zate, 1898. Shell narrowly pyramidal, a little more than three times as long as wide, shining-white and smooth. Spire-whorls eight in a length of six millimetres, of moderately rapid increase, flat, separated by a well-defined linear suture. Last whorl with a regularly convex base ; aperture pyriform, with a stout elevated plait at the origin of the columella, inner front angle of aperture slightly effuse and thickened with a slightly reflexed edge. Length, 6°25, vix ; breadth, 2:0, vix, mm. If Syrnola is a valid genus, then the present species belongs thereto. Among Australian species known to me by actual specimens it has the following alliances. It is narrower than S. jucunda and broader than S. tincta, but differs from both in its longer aperture and the far-backward position of the columella- plait; in respect of its apertural characters, it resembles 5. infrasulcata, mihi, which is, however, a robust shell and has a sculptured body-whorl. The species-name is in compliment to Mr. J. W. Jones, Con- servator of Water, whose continued interest in the promotion of stratigraphical and paleontological investigations is abundantly evinced in the present communication. 71 PSEUDOLIOTIA MICANS, A. Adams, VAR. SIMPLICIOR, Zate, 1898. Cyclostrema micans is the type of a new genus, Pseudoliotia which I propose to establish. The present variety differs by the acute axial costz, which do not form nodulations on the spiral carine. In consequence, the periphery appears markedly trun- cate with a deep concave sulcus between the two peripheral keels. Nevertheless, the normal forms show some variation in the den- sity of the nodulation and by decrescence of that character would graduate into the variety here described. Unfortunately only one example (an adult) was found, and that of 2 mm. diameter. This size is much smaller than usual, which ranges up to 4 mm., yet it is not smaller than a micromorph, which occurs abundantly at Port Western, Victoria, or than Liotia speciosa, Angas, which is conspecific. . —~J bo NoTES ON THE GRAPHITIC SLATES AND ASSO- CIATED ROCKS IN THE KALGOORLIE DISTRICT. By H. B. Corsin, B.Sc. (Communicated by Professor Tate.) [Read June 7, 1898. ] On November 12, 1897, at a meeting of the Boulder Literary and Debating Society, Mr. Bethune read a paper on ‘‘ Evidences of a Deep Level in the Kalgoorlie District,” and therein expressed the opinion that certain graphitic slates in the Boulder North Extended mine at 240 ft. were the result of a filling-in of a cavity by alluvial deposits, and that subsequent lateral pressure had given the alluvial detritus a laminated structure. T could not agree with him on the evidence adduced, and as a result of my criticism elicited that he had discovered certain fossils in these beds, which he regarded as conclusive evidence in support of his theory. T subsequently in company with Mr. Bethune visited the mine and saw the only section available, and in this communication I propose to describe the geological features which are visible, and to discuss the nature and origin of the so-called fossils. The shaft of the Boulder North Extended being close-timbered all the way, and the only open ground available for inspection being in the east and north crosscuts, I have had to rely a good deal on hearsay evidence for certain data. Virtually, the whole of the way after the surface alluvium (by the ininers called ‘“‘ made ground”) had been passed through, the shaft was sunk in pink and white clay slates. At about 80 feet water was met with, and at 200 feet crosscuts were opened out N.E. and §.W., that is, at right angles to the general strike of the auriferous lodes in the Kalgoorlie district. ; The west crosscut passed through about 12 feet of fairly hard clay-slates, almost vertical but with a slight underlay to the west. Several veins of ferruginous quartz were cut in the clay-slates ; then a mass of decomposed rock was entered (which from its general appearance, kaolinitic nature and presence of “soapy heads” I take to be a porphyry) and continued to the head of the cross-cut at 50 feet, being occasionally traversed by vertical clay-slates, though not so defined as near the shaft. On the east side, the foot wall of the clay-slates is noticed at about four or five feet in from the shaft, giving a total width of ~~ 73 20 ft. to the first series of clay-slates. This foot wall (?) carries a very hard band of ferruginous quartzite, about 10 ft. wide. Immediately beyond this vein an intensely hard diorite was met with. The crosscut was only driven about 15 ft. at the time of my visit, as it was intended to continue the shaft and to crosscut at a deeper level. The bottom of the shaft was so wet that I could not see any of the features there, but I critically examined the stuff sent up from this position, and secured from it various specimens of the so-called fossils. These occur both in the semidecomposed rock and in a true graphitic slate, so that evidently the clay-slates have changed at some depth below 200 ft. to graphitic slates, and, according to Mr. Bethune, this change took place gradually at a depth of about 200 ft. The specimens which Mr. Bethune regarded as fossils, I at first thought they were so; that one was the cast of a Unio, another of a Rhynchonella, and soon. Hence I considered that the diorite on the east side was the result of a flow over horizontal beds, represented now by the vertical clay-slates. But on going below and studying the section I changed my views, especially when I remembered that the graphitic schists at the Queen Margaret mine carried similar pyritous nodules, only they are for the most part spherical. I am now of the opinion that the clay- slates and graphitic slates are examples of contact-meta- morphism. I imagine that the diorite on the east side is an intrusive mass and found a partial vent in a fissure in the porphyry on the west side. The result of the intense pressure would be to cause the slaty structure assumed by the metamorphosed porphyry. The volatile hydrocarbons escaping from below, contemporaneous with diorite-intrusion, could easily supply the necessary carbon to render the slates graphitic. Surface oxidation would remove the graphitic matter above the water-level. The pseudo-fossils would be present before the intrusion of the diorite, and had at that time probably a spherical form. The upwardand lateral pressures will account for the more or less elongated and flattened form which they now present. The origin of the ferruginous quartzite bands I explain as follows:—The diorite and also the contact-metamorphosed rock on cooling would naturally contract and thus would cause fissures more or less irregular, which by deposition of silica and iron-salts from solution in percolating waters would be in course of time completely filled. | Could one critically examine the locus of the pseudo-fossils, and should they be found to lie ina vertical plane, then my view would receive considerable support. ¥ 74 DISCUSSION. Professor Tare was not satisfied as to the evidence of contact- metamorphism submitted by the author, or to that of alluvial deposition contended for by Mr. Bethune. He considered that those phenomena were explainable by the diminishing effects of disintegration in depth upon the same rock. The shapes of the pyritous bodies could not, in his opinion, be referred to bivalved molluscan casts. Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S., remarking on the acute edges of the supposed fossils, said that the figure could not be due to lateral pressure, otherwise the edges would be perpendicular to the diameter as in ordinary discs, or at least a very blunt round- ing off. The objects could not be compressed nodules, in his opinion, and that they were of organic origin was a view receiving some support from the great development of graphite associated with them in the containing rock. Graphite in rock-formations had long been claimed to have been derived from organic matter, since no other satisfactory theory to account for the isolation of the carbon had been advanced. Mr. W. Howcuin, F.G.S., considered that in view of the ““augen” structure so often produced in metamorphic rocks, the argument that the flattened shape was not due to pressure could scarcely be applied. A fuller knowledge of the actual locai con- ditions and constitution of the rocks was required to make generalizations safe. Mr. J. J. Hast, F'.G.S., speaking from personal knowledge of the Kalgoorlie field, stated that the occurrences cited were in no way peculiar to the locality dealt with by Mr. Corbin. In the «ueen Margaret mine at Bulong the same kind of thing was common. Where the graphite occurred plentifully the miners sought to get beyond it as quickly as possible, for, though seldom unassociated with gold, it rarely formed the matrix of good ore. The rocks of Kalgoorlie form a low range of ferro-magnesian silicates of diabasic character, which were broken up by intrusive dykes of diorite and porphyry. The diorite-dykes seem to be the dominant feature, and extend for miles in thin and thick bosses, alternating along the line of direction in such manner that a plan of them would suggest the figure of a huge cable. Each “link” forms a boss, and along the sides of the “link” the richest gold veins occur in the contact-zone. The graphitic belt is well marked in places, and its connection with the gold-deposit is evident. He regarded the graphite as having been derived from the breaking up of liquid carbonic acid contained in inclosures in the rocks, and by its agency the gold was precipitated from the waters holding it in solution. The nature of these waters we could only guess ee eS +P ~~ 7 : . , : 7 5) at now. They had, however, developed kaolinization of the silicates to an amazing extent, and the iron-constituent had been completely peroxidised to red hematite. The hematite was everywhere finely disseminated throughout the kaolin. In the contact-zones the hematite was hydrated to limonite, and a little free silica in granular form, resembling quartzite, also occurred. In depth pyrites were plentiful, and much of the free gold was replaced by gold combined with tellurium. The porphyry-dyke cited by the author appeared to be genuinely obtrusive, as it cut off all the transverse veins it met. Kaolinization was greatly advanced and had spread to the greenstone rock alongside. It is between the dyke and the greenstone that a schistose structure has been developed by pressure and shearing-strain, but the num- ber of secondary minerals is surprisingly few; colloid silica and limonite, forming the so-called “jasper” reefs, constitute the lode veinstone proper, but its development is quite local. In fact, the bulk of the paramorphism would seem to have been a rapid passage of the greenstone to the stage of kaolin and chlor- ite. A swelling of the rock in consequence developed the joint- ings which now furnish the “soapy heads” of the author. Where such a paucity of secondary minerals has been developed, it is much more likely that they should aggregate into colonies or kernels than that they should occur minutely disseminated. To his mind the lusus natwre of the writer were but nodules of secondary origin, and principally of the class termed “ spear” pyrites, a variety which rapidly decomposes in contact with air or rain-waters. Wad and pyrolusite also plentifully occur along the graphito-pyritic belt. The pyrolusite is usually well crystal- lised, and is at times associated with very rich ore. 76 On A NEw MyoroRruM FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By J. H. Marpen, Hon. Memb., and E. Betcue. [Read July 5, 1898.] MYOPORUM REFRACTUM, 7. sp. A glabrous shrub somewhat prostrate, attaining a height of 3 feet, but usually only 1 to 2 feet high as seen, with terete branches amply covered with resinous tubercles. Leaves alternate, crowded, oblong, } to # inch long, very obtuse, entire or occasionally slightly crenulate, thick or somewhat succulent, sessile and refracted. Flowers usually solitary (sometimes two) in the axils, on slender pedicels shorter than the leaves. Calyx divided to the base, the segments broad and acute, imbricate at the base, about three lines long. Corolla white or often with small purplish dots on the inside of the lobes; glabrous inside, the lobes shorter than the tube. Stamens generally 4 (sometimes 5) exserted but rather shorter than the lobes. Ovarium and fruit 2-celled, not compressed. Fruit small, apparently only slightly succulent, ovoid tapering to the persistent base of the style. Colour of the thin pericarp cream or yellowish. Fifteen miles north of Mount Distance, 8.A. (on very salty, mineralised damp soil—a salt-lake, now dry), M. Koch. The specific name is in allusion to the set of the leaves. This is distinctly an ornamental species, worthy of cultivation. In affinity it is nearest allied to Mf. brevipes, Benth., also a South Australian desert species, from which it is chiefly dis- tinguished by the refracted leaves, the broad calyx-segments, and the shape of the fruit. The flowers seem to be remarkably vari- able, not only in the number of stamens, but also in the colour and perhaps in the hairiness of the corolla. All corollas we ex- amined were perfectly glabrous inside, but as Mr. Koch describes the corolla in his notes as “bearded inside” it seems to be pro- bable that both forms exist. -J ~] ON Two NEw CRETACEOUS BIVALVES. By Proressor RaupH Tate. [Read August 2, 1898.] Lucina (?) Bonythoni, sp. nov. (1898). Shell large, triangularly oval, with depressedly convex (right) valve. Umbo a little in front of the middle, moderately large, incurved in a transverse direction; lunule almost obsolete. Posterior and anterior dorsal slopes making an angle of 110°; the posterior one straight, the anterior one slightly incurved, and shortly and bluntly extended at its junction with the semi-circular ventral margin, the post-ventral margin rounded. The ornamentation consists of acutely - rounded radial threads and concentric thread-like lamelle, forming by their combination a cancellated surface-structure of oblong or nearly square depressions, which extends over the whole surface. The thread-like margins of the concentric lamelle are feebly vaulted — on the radial threads. Towards the ventral margin in the medial line, there are about eight radial threads, and about nine concentric threadlets in a square of 5 millimetres. Dimensions. — Antero-pos- terior diameter 4:5; ventro- umbonal diameter 4:0 ; post- dorsalandantero-dorsal slopes about 2°5 mm. Habitat.—One right valve, the test of which is replaced . by Precious Opal. UPppEr CRETACEOUS at White Cliffs, New South Wales ; the unique type in the Museum of the School of Mines at Adelaide. The species-name is in compliment to Sir J. Langdon Bonython, Chairman of the Council of the School of Mines since 1890. Remarks.—The only shells figured from Australian Cretaceous rocks at all comparable with the present species, apart from any presumptive generic affinity, are Lucina anomala and L. ? aus- tralis, Moore, in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., xxvi, 1870; more so G 78 with the former than the latter. But Z. anomala is suborbicular in shape, with a nearly straight dorsal line, whilst my species is triangularly oval or somewhat axiniform in marginal outline, and has a strong tessellated ornamentation. The Syrian Cretaceous species, L. percancellata, Whitfield, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 403, t.b, f.b, 1891, has a somewhat similar cancellate ornament, but that fossil is nearly circular in outline. Until the interior is known, the generic location of L. Bonythoni will remain uncertain, though the shape and orna- mentation are not incompatible with a reference to Lucina, but, on the other hand, the transverse direction of the umbonal incurvature may imply other affinities, if other than a mere specific characteristic. The distinguishing features of LZ. Bonythoni are :—The axial direction of the umbo, the axiniform shape, the cancellate surface-ornamentation (particularly the frilled edge of the con- centric growth-lines). Flatopis (2) corrugata, sp. nov. (1898). The fossil under observation is not like any figured species belonging to the Cretaceous fauna of Australia, though it has some resemblance to certain species of so-called Cytherea, but yet is more Astarte-like than they are. The interior is unknown, and, therefore, the generic relations are extremely dubious. Never- theless, one exterior feature will narrow the arena of comparison, that is the possession of an erect exsert ligamental plate to each valve,as in Psammobia and other Tellinids, and thus indicates an external ligament. Among the genera presenting this character, Platopis, Whitfield, Bull, Mus. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 399, 1891, seems to include the main external features presented by the Australian shell. Platopis, which is placed by its describer in Astartidz, contains species which “externally somewhat resemble shells of the genus Astarte,” the hinge dentition differs from Opis and Opiosma ; they have a “flattened or depressed convex form,” and “possess an abruptly flattened, or even depressed slope, which in many is sharply flattened, or even depressed between the umbonal angles, and the very ill-defined, although large- sized, lunule.” Shell transversely triangular, somewhat cuneiform, convexedly depressed. Umbones large, obtuse, antemedian; lunule ill- defined. The dorsal slopes straight, inclined at an angle of 95°, the posterior considerably the longer; post-ventral extremity roundly-pointed (the shell is deficient in this region), the ventral margin nearly straight to beyond the middle line, thence curving rapidly upwards to form the well-rounded anterior extremity. The post-dorsal line is bounded by a narrow declinous lanceolate 79 area and delimited on its inner aspect by an ill-defined obtuse ridge extending from the umbo to the post-ventral extremity. The inner margin of the valves is smooth (at any rate visually so) at post-ventral ex- tremity. The ornamentation consists of subacute concentric undulations of variable strength and at variable distances, separated by shallow concave spaces wider than the ridges ; coincident with the undulations are JM widely-separated linear growth-lines; the Zh concentric undulations are continued beyond 77% the post-umbonal ridge as close-set growth- lines. Dimensions.—Umbonal-ventral diameter, 18; antero-posterior diameter, 22 (by estimate); transverse diameter, greatest at about one-third from the unbo, 9 mm. Habitat.—One specimen of two valves in apposition, the test replaced by Precious Opal; the interior matrix not opalized. Upper CreEtTAcEous at White Cliffs, New South Wales; the unique type in the Museum of the School of Mines, Adelaide. 80 ON SOME AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF EULIMID4Z AND PYRAMIDELLIDZ. By Proressor R. Tater. [Read August 2, 1898. ] Puate IV, Ficures 1-7. FAMILY EULIMIDA:. Genus EvuLma. (a). Shell straight. 1. E, augur, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 56; Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. f., 1866; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. viii., p. 269, t. 68, f. 10, 1886. Synonym, ZL. proxima, Sowerby in Reeve’s Icon. Conch., t. 6, f. 48, 1866 ; Tryon, op. cit., t. 68, f. 11. I have compared the types of #. augur and £. proxima in the British Museum, and ,the only differences between them (Z. proxima is slightly immature) are those of total length, the former having 10 whorls in a length of 12 m.m., and the latter 12 whorls in a length of 15 m.m., and a slight difference in the proportion of the length to the breadth. An examination of many examples of #. awgur proves that the proportion of length to breadth is not constant, and that micromorphs occur ; indeed there is a great tendency among Eulimide to range from giant to dwarf-sizes; thus two extremes give the following ratio, 100 to 36 and 100 to 28 vix. Tryon’s figure of £. augur grossly misrepresents its shape, some individuals may show a barely perceptible torsion of the spire, but in general, Angas’ diagnosis ‘“ marginibus spire rectioribus ” is applicable. Distribution.—For FE. augur. South Australia (without locality), Angas, type specimen; Holdfast, Aldinga, and Fowler’s Bays, Wauraultie and Wallaroo, Spencer Gulf, Z’ate,; Royston Head (Matthews ! ) Tasmania (coll. Dr. Verco ! ) For £. proxima. New Sourta Watss, Port Jackson (type). The record for Tasmania of 2. proxima by Tenison-Woods is based on an erroneous determination, the shell so-named is Rissoina spirata. 2. E. orthopleura, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 1. Pyramidal, straight, opaque-white, shining; whorls, nine, flat ; last whorl subangular at the periphery, aperture rhomboidal. Length, 6:25 ; width, 2:25. 81 Affinities This new species resembles £. polygyra, H. Adams (type compared), but it has a blunter apex, and the aperture is of a different shape. The rhomboidal aperture differentiates it from 2. polygyra and #. augur, and in addition is is distinguishable from the latter by a subangular base. Localities—Souta Avustraria ; Holdfast and Aldinga Bays (&. Tate, many examples). (b) Shell tortuous. In the following descriptions I have employed the phrase ‘torsion in one or two directions,” that is lateral or vertical, or both. Hitherto the torsion has been described as either to the left or right, upwards or backwards; but as these positions are relative to the aperture, it is obvious that if the spire be inclined to the left at a given stage of growth, the addition of a half-turn to the body-whorl will bring the torsion to the right. The same change will happen when the torsion is in a vertical plane: at one stage, if the inclination be forwards, it becomes backwards with the increase of a half-turn. The application of the terms expressive of the direction of the torsion can only be absolute as to the plane of the twist, that is whether vertical or lateral. It is only possible to extend their application when growth of the shell shall have ceased, or if the shell-growths be periodic and of one or more complete turns. This latter condition is certainly presented by Z. Zenisoni, as pointed out to me by Dr. Verco, as traces of periodic growths are visible on the spire, and in alignment on the one side. But there are no distinctive features by which to recognise an adult Eulimid. 8. E. Tenisoni, 7ryon, Man. Conch., vol. VIII., 1886, p. 269, t. 68, f. 16. £. micans, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1875, p. 144 (1876), non Carpenter. The early spire-whorls are very narrow, and impart to the adult shell an almost mucronate termination. The apical whorl is blunt, higher than wide, but it cannot be described as mamil- lated. The shell attains to a length of 6 mm., and width of 2-5 mm.; the spire-whorls nine in number; the torsion of the spire is in two directions ; aperture roundly oval. This species makes a near approach to #. brevis, Sow. (with the type of which I have made comparison), but the shell is more tortuous, and the body-whorl more depressed. Distribution.—TasMania (TZen.-Woods, type); Victoria!; Sourn Avusrratia, Holdfast, Aldinga, Streaky, and Fowler Bays, Wauraultie, Spencer Gulf (2. Tate, many exs.). 82 4. E. commensalis, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig.£2. Shell elongate-pyramidal, strongly curved in two directions, translucent, vitreous, fawn-coloured with contained animal ; whorls ten, moderately convex ; body-whorl globosely inflated, thence rapidly tapering to the acute apex ; aperture semi-circular ; outer lip much ecurved medially ; the front of the aperture is well-rounded, but the margin is slightly reflected, so that seen from behind there is the semblance of basal constriction. Tong. is 5; lat., 2 mm. Habitat and Localities.—Commensal with Amblypneustes, spp., Holdfast and Aldinga Bays (#. Tate, many exs.) ; Port Stephens, N.S.W. (Aust. Mus. !). Affinities.—From figures and description, this species resembles EL. parva, Sowerby, but seems to differ by its more ventricose body-whorl and semi-circular aperture. 5. E. indisereta, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 3. Shell elongate-pyramidal, slightly curved in two directions, translucent, vitreous, colourless. Whorls eight, nearly flat, of regular increase ; apex acute ; base convex and attenuate at the front ; aperture narrowly oval; outer lip much curved medially. Long., 4:25; lat., 1:5; long. of aperture, 1:5. Eacality: eae sini Holdfast Bay (&. Tate, one ex.); Frederick Henry Bay, Tasmania (W. L. May /); Port Stephens, N.S.W. (Aust. Mus. !). Not much unlike 2. commensalis, but the whorls are much flatter and the aperture of a different shape. From figures and description this shell has an analogue in the European 4. incurva, but the aperture appears to be proportionately less elon- gate in the Australian shell. 4. Petterdi, Beddome, must be a near ally ; it is diagnosed as follows :—“ Shining white, curved ; apex rounded; whorls 10; aperture narrowly pyriform; lip scarcely reflected ; columella straight. Long., 4; lat., 1; apert., 1 m.” FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. Genus EULIMELLA. Of the diagnostically-known Australian species of this genus, five species are recorded from North Australia in the ‘‘ Challenger Mollusca,” and two others from New South Wales — #. moniliformis, Hedley, and #. pulchra, Brazier. In South Aus- tralian waters there occur two species, viz. :— 1. E. moniliformis, Hed/ey, P.L.S., N.S. W., 1891, p. 247, t. 19, figs. 1-3. Holdfast Bay, in shell-sand (£.7. ). 83 2. E. trieineta, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 4. Shell small, elongately conical, pellucid-white ; apex hetero- strophe. Spire-whorls six, somewhat convex, the anterior whorl margining the suture, sculptured by three engraved spiral lines, one median and one near to each suture. Last whorl regularly convex and moderately attenuated at the base. Aperture pyri- form ; outer lip straight and thin ; columella arched, there is no indication of a plait or tooth. Length, 5:5; breadth, 1:75 mm. Has somewhat the aspect of Syrnola jucunda, but apart from the different generic characters, the shell is narrower and the last whorl proportionately much longer. Localities.—Streaky and Fowler Bays, in shell-sand (#. 7. ). GENUS ODONTOSTOMIA. 1. Odontostomia (Syrnola) infrasuleata, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 5. Shell narrow-lanceolate, about four times as long as_ wide, shining, white, feebly striated in an axial direction. Apex heterostrophe. Spire-whorls nine, flat, suture linear. Body- whorl imperforate, subangulate at the periphery, below which are about six revolving incised lines, the posterior one a little in front of the posterior angle of the aperture. Aperture narrow-oval ; columella-plait very prominent, in front of which the inner lip is effusively expanded, and its margin reflected; outer lip not ribbed within. A specimen in Dr. Verco’s collection has two sulci on the last whorl above the periphery, one of which is continued submedially on the spire-whorls. Length, 11; breadth, 3-5 mm. Localities.—Holdfast Bay, St. Vincent Gulf, and Wauraultie, Spencer Gulf, in shell-sand (&.7.). Dredged off Rapid Head in 10 to 12 fathoms by Dr. Verco. A ffinities.—This new species is conspicuous by its elongate-oval aperture, effuse at the front and the sulci on the base of the body-whorl. It seems to have no near ally among figured species, though S. gracillima is a micromorph of it as regards am shape. waa Supplemental Note.— The annexed figure of lige O. (Syrnola) Jonesiana, described in Part I of the #4 present volume, p. 70, is added for comparison with the present species, between which there are great resemblances. 84 2. Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) Mayii, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 6 Shell conoidally turreted, relatively solid, dull white. Whorls five (excl. the heterostrophe apex), separated by a deeply and broadly channelled suture; ornamented by rounded obliquely axial ribs wider than the interspaces, which are not visibly sculptured. Last whorl with about 20 axial ribs, which terminate at a spiral groove on the periphery; base somewhat flattened and radially ridged, defined by a spiral rib, which margins the peripheral groove. Aperture oval, outer and inner margins joined by a callus, columella-plait stout, almost parietal. Length, 2°5 ; breadth, 1:0 mm. Localities.— D’Entrecastreaux Channel, Tasmania, whence type-specimen in my collection received from Mr. W. T. May, after whom the species is named. Remarks.—There are several European species of this type of ornamentation presented by O. May, such as O. turbonilloides, and one Australian species, O. Henni, Brazier. From the latter this new species differs (judging by description and figure) by its channelled suture, oblique and stout ribs, and ribbed base. GENUS TURBONILLA. Turbonilla erubeseens, 7ate. 1877. Elusa bifasciata, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1876, p. 150; non Turbonilla bifasciata, A. Adams, 1861. 1877. Turbonilla festiva, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 35, t. 5, f. 4; non Folin, 1867. 1879. Turbonilla erubescens, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., ii:; p: 108, 0, 2.10: The types which served for the definitions of the forenamed shells are from Tasmania, New South Wales, and West Australia {King George Sound). Mr. May is satisfied, as the result of comparison of authentic specimens, that the first two are one and the same; I have arrivedata likeresult in respectof the Tasmanian and West Australian shells. At the time of my definition of T’. erubescens, my knowledge of 7. festiva was restricted to the published description and figure; but now, with actual specimens before me, I find that the alleged differences prove to be invalid. The question remains as to which of the three names should be employed; as indicated in the above synonymic schedule bifasciata and festiva have prior use in the genus over their Australian applications, this leaves erubescens free to be employed. The species is also known to me from South Australia and Victoria. 85 Turbonilla Beddomel, Petterd, sp. 1884. Chemnitzia Beddomei, Petterd, Jour. Conch., p. 136. 1892. Turbonilla crenulifera, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., xv., p 126, t. 1, f. 2. The specimens, attributed to Petterd’s species, given me by Mr. May, leave no doubt of the identity of my shell therewith, though the diagnosis of the Tasmanian shell does not refer to the tendency of decresence of the cost on the anterior aspect of the whorls, and to crenulation at the posterior suture. So far as known to me, the species is restricted to South Australia and Tasmania. Turbonilla varicifera, 7ate, 1898. PI. iv., fig. 7. Shell elongate turreted, about four times as long as broad ‘usually of a chestnut-brown colour, with the varices mottled with white, but various shades passing to white occur. Spire-whorls twelve in a length of fifteen millimetres, tipped by a heterostrophe protoconch ; flatly convex, but separated by a well-defined suture ; ornamented by close-set, slightly oblique, rounded, axial ribs, separated by much narrower interspaces, here and there two -or more cost are confluent to form a broad varix ; the whole surface is crossed by incised spiral lines increasing to about fifteen -on the penultimate whorl of a large specimen. Last whorl with axial costz, about twenty, evanescent at the regularly rounded periphery ; base spirally linear-sulcate ; aperture oblong, columella with an obscure spiral plication. Long., 15 mm. ; lat., 4:00 mm. A micromorph of twelve spire- whorls measures 10 mm. by 2°5 (vix) mm. This species has been represented in my cabinet for many years by incomplete beach-examples, which indicate a very large shell for the genus and the possession of varices. Its recent discovery in some numbers by Dr. Verco, through dredgings in the deeper parts of St. Vincent and Spencer Gulfs, has, now, made it possible to adequately diagnose the shell. The feature of the variced spire, though exceptional, is how- -ever, presented by the recent species, 7’. striatula, Linne (the type of Montserrato’s Section Pyrgostylus) and the Miocene species, 7’. intermedia, Grateloup; both of which I have under observation. The Australian species, making the third enumeration under Pyrgostylus, differs from 7. striatula, chiefly by its straighter cost and narrower interspaces ; and is distinguishable from 7’. intermedia by slenderness, less oblique ribs with narrower ‘interspaces. 86 On SOME RECENT AND FOSSIL AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES OF PHILOBRYZ. By Proressor Raupy Tarte. [Read August 2, 1898.] Puate IV., Ficures 8-10. The bivalved mollusca, which constitute the genus Philobrya, are minute shells, which present in their adult state various characters proper to the very young states of WMytilide, Aviculide, and Arcide. They were little known to malacologists till the appearance last year of M. Felix Bernard’s “ Etudes comparatives sur les genres Philobrya et Hochstetteria.” Bernard has provisionaliy placed these two genera as a subfamily (Philobrying) in the family Aviculide; but the absence of prismatic structure of the test, and the existence of a copious periostracum incline me to the opinion that the systematic position of this subfamily is rather with Mytilide than with Aviculide. Of the eleven species referred by Mr. Bernard to this subfamily, nine occur in the Southern Hemisphere, chiefly in moderately high latitudes. The recognition of the existence of Philobrya in Australian waters is, therefore, not unexpected ; but greater interest is attached to the fossil record, here announced for the first time, as may be gathered from the following extract from M. Bernard’s essay :—‘ I] est indispensable de rechercher si parmi les formes fossiles il n’en existe aucune qui pourrait soit rentrer dans le genre Philobrya, soit s’en rapprocher plus que ne font les Anisomyaires actuels. Je n’ai trouvé aucune indication de cette nature en ce qui concerne les faunes secondaire et tertiare. La cause en est peut-étre dans la petitesse de ces coquilles qui peuvent avoir échappé aux investigations, ou bien avoir été considérées par ceux qui les ont recueillies comme des jeunes ou de petites especes d’Aviculidés, de Mytilidés ou méme de Lima. Les fossiles primaires m’ont fourni quelques indications qui, tout en manquant pour le moment de precision, me paraissent devoir soulever une utile discussion.” Journ. de Conch., No. 1, 1897, p. 41. The additional species—subjects of the following records are : -—Two living in Southern Australia and Tasmania, one from the Newer Tertiary of New Zealand, and two from the Older Tertiary of Victoria. 87 Philobrya ecrenulatifera, Tate. Myrina crenatulifera, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Australia 1892, p. 131, t.1, figs. 11 and 1la. This shell has all the interior characters proper to Philobrya, but its inflated umbo is crowned by a subcircular (not calyculate) prodissoconch which does not interrupt the convexity of the umbo. The absence of coste further suggests a reference to Hochstetteria, but the elongate ligamental pit and almost terminal umbo are, however, not in agreement thereto. In addition to the South Australia locality of the type, speci- mens from two Victorian localities have been submitted to me. Barwon Heads, Mr. 7. §. Hall; Flinders Island, Mr. G. B. Pritchard. Philobrya fimbriata, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 8. Shell thick, ventricose, contour obliquely subquadrangular, umbos terminal. Prodissoconch relatively small, though prominent, semicircular, its outer margin defined by an elevated rim. An- terior margin of valve inclined at an angle of from 60° te 70° to the dorsal margin; surface ornamented with about fourteen feeble angular radial ribs, crossed by regularly disposed concentric threads (not so strong as the radial ones), which form imbricating serratures at the intercrossing. Test covered with a tawny sub- pellucid epidermis, which is raised into setee on the radial costz (corresponding with the serratures thereon), and extends as a fringe around the ventral margin of the sheil. Ligamental pit lanceolate, directed obliquely backwards for one- third or one-half-length of the posterior hinge-line. The trans- verse crenulations on the posterior of the hinge-line are reduced to short crowded striz. Dimensions of a large example.—Ant. post. diameter, 3°75 ; dorso-ventral diameter, 4°5 ; thickness, 3 mm. ; but the average size is about three by four. Habitats —TasmantA, Derwent and Frederick Henry Bay, coll. Mr. May ; Sourn AvstRALIA in dredge-siftings from St. Vincent and Spencer Gulfs—dead shells numerous, living examples few, coll. Dr. Joseph Verco. Vicroria, among Kellia rostulata, Tate, dredged in life, seven to nine fathoms at Port Phillip Heads by the late Mr. J. B. Wilson (my collection). Philobrya trigonopsis, Hutton, sp. Mytilicardia trigonopsis, Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Institute, vol. xvii, p. 324, 1885; id., “ Macleay Memorial Volume,” p. 85, t. 9, f. 94 a-b, 1893. Habitats — Wanganui (Pliocene) and Petane (Miocene), New _ Zealand. 88 The above emended generic reference is based on the study of cotypes kindly transmitted to me by the author of the species. Tt closely resembles P. costata, but which has thicker and closer ribs. Philobrya Bernardi, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 10. Shell rather thin, ventricose, contour obliquely subquadrangu- lar; umbones nearly terminal, prodissoconch large and prominent. Anterior margin nearly straight, or slightly curved, making a right angle with the hinge-line; posterior margin -traight, ventral-margin well-arched. An obsolete keel defines a somewhat steeply inclined post-umbonal slope; anterior to which the surface is ornamented by about eight slender costz, which are crossed by concentric threads of nearly equal calibre with the radial threads, regularly disposed, but with increasing intervals towards the ventral margin; these concentric threads produce slight serratures on the radial threads. Internally, the posterior margin is slightly interrupted by five or six crenulations. The ligamental pit is short, lanceolate, and directed backwards; posterior to which the hinge- line is obsoletely transversly ridged. A very deep byssal notch terminates the aimost obsolete anterior of the hinge-line. This new species is named in compliment to M. Felix Bernard,* of the Natural History Museum at Paris, whose gift of specimens of P. costata has largely assisted me in the elaboration of the species herein dealt with. It is conspicuous among congeners by open fenestrated ornament. Horizon.—Kocene, Victoria ; Muddy Creek (2 exs.), Shelford (1 ex.), Curlewis (1 ex.), collected by J. Dennant; and Fyans- ford (1 ex.), collected by J. F. Mulder. Philobrya preenuntia, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 9. Shell rather thin, ventricose, inequilateral ; obliquely oval- rhomboid in contour ; prodissoconch relatively very large and prominent. The anterior margin is convex. The ornament consists of about twelve slender radial cost, on which are formed slight serratures by the very feeble concentric laminations which are visible in the interradial spaces. The ligamental pit is shortly oval-lanceolate and directed backwards; the anterior portion of the hinge-line has about fourteen transverse ridges, whilst the posterior portion is only obsoletely ridged. *It is with profound regret that I announce this dedication to be posthumous, as that talented young malacologist died August 12, 1898, at the early age of thirty-five years. Vol. XXII. Plate IV. , Vt 1/1, ’ ‘AN 44, 71/1144 Le DEB / ) vn LLL WLLL W((1 on \\ ‘ wn ee lt | MG “fi iM, Uf Caos G 7, (A U7) if; Sg 7 s % Uys if mic t/ Ail Ny Loe ay \ } iP Wj Hl ij) Tl fn tN ig }} J//f / LLL Wt); y C.Hedley del ——_— 89 This species has some resemblance to P. Filholi, but is less inequilateral, and the cost are more numerous and slender. Its most striking feature is the relatively wide anterior area. Horizon.—Eocene, Victoria, at Cape Otway, one ex. (since lost) collected by J. Dennant. LIST OF DESCRIBED SPECIES OF PHILOBRYA. (a) RECENT. P. setosa, P. P. Carpenter, 1864. California. P. Munieri, 7. Bernard, 1896. France. P. atlantica, Dall, 1895. Argentine. P. meridionalis, H. A. Smith, 1885 (Dacrydium). Prince Edward and Marion Islands. . aviculoides, Velain, 1876. Isle St. Paul. . meleagrina, Bernard, 1896. Stewart Island, N.Z. . costata, Bernard, 1896. Stewart Island, N.Z. . Filholi, Bernard, 1897. Stewart Island, N.Z. . crenatulifera, J’ate, 1892 (Myrina). S. Australia and Victoria. . fimbriata, Tate, 1898. S. Australia and Tasmania. P. (Hochstetteria) crenella, Velain, 1876. Isles St. Paul and Amsterdam. P. (Hochstetteria) modiolina, Velain, 1876. Isles St. Paul and Amsterdam. P. (Hochstetteria) trapezina, Bernard, 1897. Stewart Island. a>hacharheckahas (6) Fosstt. P. trigonopsis, Hutton, 1885 (Mytilicardia). Pliocene and Miocene, N. Zealand. P. Bernardi, Tate, 1898. Eocene, Victoria. P. prenuntia, Tate, 1898. Eocene, Victoria. ~ = yp} -— --—_—_—_—__—- EXPLANATION TO PLATE IV. [All the figures considerably enlarged. } . Eulima orthopleura, Tate, 1898. Eulima commensalis, 7’ate, 1898. Enlima indiscreta, Tate, 1898. . Eulimella tricincta, Tate, 1898. Odontostomia infrasulcata, Tate, 1898. Odontostomia Mayii, Tate, 1898. . Turbonilla varicifera, Tate, 1898. . Philobrya fimbriata, Tate, 1898. . Philobrya prenuntia, Tate, 1898. . Philobrya Bernardi, Tate, 1898. S © OTS OUP GO DO _ 90 NoTES ON AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D. [Read September 6, 1898. ] Plate V. SYNTOMIDIDA. The great majority of the Australian species of this family are referable to the genus Hydrusa. My attention was first called to this group by the difficulty experienced in identifying one of our commonest Brisbane insects, described below under the heading of Hydrusa aperta, Walk. Fortunately, nearly all the types of the species described by Mr. Meyrick (Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1886, p. 773) are contained in loca! collec- tions. During a recent short stay in Sydney, I took the oppor- tunity of carefully examining those in the Macleay and Australian Museums, and comparing them with my own examples; and I must express my gratitude to the Curators of these museums for their kind assistance. J am also much indebted to Dr. T. P. Lucas for an opportunity of examining types in his valuable collection, and to the Queensland Museum for the loan of specimens. The difficulty of determining the species of this genus lies in the great uniformity of marking, combined with the considerable range of variability in certain species. For this reason they cannot be satisfactorily studied from isolated museum specimens, but need large series of specimens from various localities for comparison. Series bred from the larve would be specially valuable. Mr. Meyrick has, I believe, in spite of the thorough- ness and accuracy of his work, been misled in at least one instance into making several species out of one by the paucity of his material. I do not regard the present contribution as in any way final, for much remains to be learnt of the species inhabiting Northern Queensland, where the genus is most abundantly represented. Of many species, I have seen only a few isolated types ; and of those enumerated below, some may, I think, be regarded as perfectly well-established and distinct species: — Hydrusa humeralis, Butl.; H. xanthosoma, Turn.; H. ecliptis, Meyr.; H. stelotis, Meyr. ; H. pyrrhodera, Meyr.; H. leucacma, Meyr.; H. aperta, Walk. ; H. orphnea, Turn.; HA. recedens, Luc.; H. annulata, F.; H. phepsalotis, Meyr. ; H. bicolor, Walk. The following I regard as species concerning which further information is required, although the majority at least are likely 91 to stand :—H. sphenophora, Turn.; H. chlorometis, Meyr.; H. hyalota, Meyr.; H. cyanura, Meyr.; H. antitheta, Meyr.; 4. humeralis, Butl.; H. eschatias, Meyr. ; H. trigonophora, Turn. There are three of Meyrick’s species, concerning which, from lack of material, I am unable to form an opinion :—Hydrusa paraula, Meyr.; H..anepsia, Meyr. ; H. macroplaca, Meyr. In determining the species, the wing markings are of little value in most instances, as they are both very similar in different species, and variable in the same species. I have followed Meyrick in assuming a normal five spots en the forewings in each instance. A connecting spot between the fourth and fifth is sometimes present. Its full development, so as to unite these two into one large spot, is an important character, but its partial development is valueless, as a small spot in this region is frequently present, or completely absent, in one and the same species. Occasionally the first and third spots are partially confluent as an abnormal variety, but I have never seen them completely merged except in H. ecliptis and H. lampetis, where they are combined. The white apices to the antennz of some species is a valuable character, also the presence or absence of yellow or orange spots on the thorax. The thorax is, however, frequently rubbed in imperfect or badly-pinned specimens. The presence or absence of orange on the posterior abdominal segments also furnishes good characters, though a slight extent of variation must here be allowed for. I have given a complete list of the known Australian species of this family, and have incorporated the localities given in Meyrick’s paper. But the section of the Hydrusa with black anal segments still remains in an unsatisfactory condition ; H. leucacma, Meyr., is a well-defined species ; for the discrimina- tion of the other forms new series of specimens are required. In Plate V., which is reproduced from a photograph, figures 1 to 6 inclusive and 8 are varieties of H. aperta, Walk.; 7. trigonophora, n. sp.; 9. H. lewcacma, Meyr.; 10. H. orphnea, n. sp.; ll. H. ecliptis, Meyr.; 12. H. lampetis, n. sp.; 13. H. phepsalotis, Meyr.; 14. H. pyrrhodera, Meyr. AGAPHTHORA, Meyrick. AGAPHTHORA MELANORA, Meyr. I know of only the type specimens in the Macleay Museum which are from Cape York, Queensland. AGAPHTHORA SPHENODES, Meyr. Cairns, Queensland ; Macleay and Queensland Museums. SYNTOMIS, Ochsenheimer. Tongue well developed. Antenne in male simple, without serrations, with very short even ciliations (+). Palpi short, 92 porrected, loosely scaled. Spurs very short. Forewings with 2 from about 2, 4 and 5 approximated at base, 7 out of 8 below 10 ;. 9, 10, and 11 out of 8. Hindwings with vein 4 absent, 3 and 5 separate at base, 6 absent. The neuration resembles Choromeles, Meyr., but the antennz are non-pectinated. SYNTOMIS ANGUSTIPENNA, Lucas. Hydrusa angustipenna, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1889. Male and female, 23-27 mm. Head and face black, collar orange. Antenne wholly black. Thorax black. Abdomen orange, bases of segments broadly black, two apical segments and anal tuft wholly black. Forewings blackish, spots rather small, semi-transparent, dull orange ; basal spot absent ; second wedge- shaped, with apex obtuse, anterior; third trapezoidal or triangu- lar; fourth elongate, sometimes surmounted by a small dot; connecting spot absent; fifth roundish, fairly evenly bisected. Hindwings black with a roundish basal orange spot. In the females the spots are rather larger than in the males. Brisbane. HYDRUSA, Walker. TABULATION OF SPECIES. 1, Abdomen wholly orange _... ue a ... xanthosoma Abdomen not wholly orange ; i. oe 2. Forewings wholly black without spots iff sf 3 Forewings with spots present 365 » ra 4 3. Anal tuft black 3 te ve oud aie bicolor Anal tuft orange... i it} ... eschatias 4, Forewings with spots colourless ; oe os Forewings with spots more or less orange AX th 6 5. Thorax with orange spots ... ‘ bit ... pyrrhodera Thorax wholly black > hyalota 6. Connecting spot between fourth and fifth completely developed (as long as fifth) 7 Connecting spot absent or only partially developed (less than half fifth) ... 11 7. First and third spots wholly confluent _ a a 8 First and third spots separate 9 8. Spots large, those of hindwings wholly confluent m ecliptis Spots small, those of hindwings pray only .. ... _lampetis 9. Patagia partly yellowish % ia .- chlorometis Patagia wholly black ates He ee aa 10 10. Antennz with apex white... ats a ck stelotis Antenne wholly black Ny sphenophora 11. Abdomen with last two or three segments wholly black 12 Abdomen with last two or three segment not wholly black... 14 12. Abdomen wholly black beneath, or with only a few orange scales rT. at cyanura Abdomen with orange markings beneath a df 13 93 13. Hindwings with basal spot obsolete ... he .. leucacma Hindwings with basal spot well developed __... .. antitheta paraula anepsia : macroplaca 14. Antenne with apex white ... te oh pee 15 Antenne wholly black fe - ae S 16 15. Spots small, opaque, deep orange __... ioe ... phepsalotis Spots moderate, semitransparent _.... * Sy annulata 16. Abdomen hairy a 1 is wa tha 17 Abdomen smooth-scaled a abe m out 18 17. Thorax with yellowish markings wt nad Pee recedens Thorax wholly black ah ay ak a orphnea 18. Patagia orange ie *: ass nee .. humeralis Patagia black " 19 19. Distal spot of hindwings triangular, touching | basal spot on median vein ... . trigonophora Distal spot of hindwings roundish... ee Fale aperta HyDRUSA XANTHOSOMA, 7. sp. Male, 25-28 mm. Antennal pectinations well marked, 14. Veins 3 and 5 of hindwings closely approximated at base. Head and face orange. Antenne fuscous, irrorated dorsally with orange scales. Thorax orange. Abdomen orange without black markings, tuft orange with a few lateral fuscous hairs. Legs orange, anterior and middle tarsi fuscous. Forewings blackish, with confluent orange spots ; first spot, small, roundish ; second, wedge-shaped; an additional orange streak separated by blackish vein from second spot, and by a narrow black line from costa ; third, elongate prolonged upwards and inwards, separated from second only by median vein ; fourth, elongate, surmounted by an additional spot; fifth, bisected by a black vein into two equal elongate segments ; an elongate connecting spot developed between fourth and fifth ; and another between fifth and third ; these confluent spots leave two small black areas, first beyond second spot, sometimes confluent with costal and anal black areas ; second separating first and third spots. Hindwings orange, hindmargin broadly but irregularly blackish, a small black dot below middle of costa. Varieties.—The extent of orange suffusion relatively to black ground color varies. The connecting spot between fourth and fifth, usually well developed, may be completely absent. A very distinct species, remarkable for the absence of black rings on abdomen, and the unusually developed confluent orange markings on wings. Barrier Range, North-West Australia; some half-dozen specimens, all males (Coll. Macleay), one of which is now in my collection. H 94 Hyprusa Ecuiptis, Meyr. Pl. v., fig. 11. Brisbane. Onespecimen taken by Mr. fideo. This exactly corresponds with the types inthe Macleay collection, which are from Cooktown. HypDRUSA LAMPETIS, n. sp. PI. v., fig. 12. Female, 35 mm. Head and face reddish-orange, with a broad black line between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax wholly black. Abdomen orange, bases of segments black; two terminal segments wholly black, except anal hairs; beneath wholly black. Forewings dull-blackish fuscous, with a brilliant purple lustre in oblique light; spots small, pale-duli-orange, reddish-tinged, semi-transparent ; first coalescing with third to form an elongated oblong spot of moderate size; second small, wedge-shaped ; fourth elongate, connected with fifth by an equally large additional spot ; fifth bisected unequally, upper seg- ment elongated, lower sub-triangular. Hindwings dull-blackish- fuscous with purple lustre ; spots pale-orange, semi-transparent ; basal spot small, bisecting vein not black; second very small, triangular, touching first. It is possible that this may be an extreme variety of 7. ecliptis. The present species is distinguished by the much smaller spots and by the distal spot of hindwing not being completely merged with basal spot. Bowen, Queensland; one specimen (Coll. Queensland Museum). HyDRUSA SPHENOPHORA, %. sp. Maleand female, 31-36 mm. Headand face orange, witha narrow black line between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black, with a conspicuous posterior orange spot. Abdomen orange, base of segments narrowly fuscous above, more markedly so beneath, apical segment blackish-fuscous, tuft orange. J ore- wings black with greenish-iridescence, spots moderate or rather large, pale-dull-orange, opaque; first subquadrate, broadly separate from third ; second wedge-shaped, apex anterior, obtuse; third irregular oblong, prolonged upwards anteriorly, where it is separated from second only by vein; fourth connected by an additional spot with fifth, the whole forming a broad wedge with apex downwards, separated by veins into four segments, decreas- ing in size from above downwards, upper three elongate, lowest triangular. Hindwings with spots same colour as forewings, large and confluent ; leaving an irregular black line along hind- margin, thickest at. apex, toothed below middle; and a black spot below middle of costa. Allied to H, ecliptis and H. stelotis. From the former distin- guished by separation of first and third spots, from the latter by 95 black-tipped antenne, large and confluent spots of hindwings, &c., but more material is necessary to satisfactorily determine the limits of variation of these species. Barrier Range, North-West Australia ; two specimens (Coll. Macleay). HyYDRUSA CHLOROMETIS, Meyr. I have not seen a type of this species, but from the description it appears to be very distinct, belonging to the group in which con- necting spot between fourth and fifth is fully developed, and characterised by the ochreous-yellow spots on patagia and thorax. The type specimen was taken by Mr. Meyrick at Glen Innes, New South Wales, in December. HypDRUSA STELOTIS, Meyr. I have only seen the types, which appear very distinct. Cooktown (Macleay Museum). HypRUSA PYRRHODERA Meyr. PI. v., fig. 14. Thursday Island, Cape York, Cooktown, and Cairns, Queens- land. The Queensland Museum contains a large series from the last-named locality. Hyprusa HYALoTA, Meyr. Cape York, Queensland ; one specimen each in the Macleay collection and that of the Queensland Museum. Fresh specimens are required to establish with certainty its distinctness from the preceding. Hyprusa Leucacma, Meyr. PI. v., fig. 9. There are five male specimens of this species in Coll. Lucas. It closely resembles some forms of the following species in the fore- wings and thorax ; but may be readily distinguished by the obsolescence of basal spot of hindwings, and complete blackness of three apical abdominal segments including anal tuft. There are five orange markings on dorsal surface of abdomen of male. Cairns, Queensland. Hyprusa ApertTA, Walk. PI. v., figs. 1-6 and 8. Syntomis aperta, Walk., Suppl. 72, Meyr., l.c., 134.; Hydrusa pyrocoma, Meyr., 127; HH. synedra, Meyr., 128; H. hesperitis, Meyr., 129; H. mochlotis, Meyr., 132; H. nesothetis, Meyr., 133. The distinguishing features of this species are the large size, 33- 48 mm. (but dwarfed specimens also occur), the black antenne, the broadly orange head, the conspicuous yellow posterior thoracic spot, the seven orange bars on the abdomen of male, six in female (the last two of these may be reduced in size, or nearly obsolete), the very elongate fourth spot of forewings, and the well-developed basal spot of hindwings. 946 Varieties.—The wing-markings are extremely variable. The sexes are usually easily distinguishable, the males being broader- winged, with smaller and more widely separate spots; in the females the spots are usually larger, more closely approximated (rarely tending to coalesce), and supernumerary spots are often present. To enter into details — The fourth spot is sometimes surmounted by a small extra spot, The connecting spot between fourth and fifth may be entirely absent, or rudimentary, or well- developed, about half-length or less of upper segment of fifth spot. A small spot resting on second spot is rarely present in the male, frequently in the female. Very rarely first and third spots are partially confluent (one specimen). In hindwings distal spot may be small (especially in males), with upper segment small or absent, or large (especially in females), with upper segment well developed. In the abdomen the orange on the dorsal surface of penultimate and ante-penultimate segments may be reduced to small central dots. Beneath the two ante-apical segments may have the orange fairly well-marked, reduced to a few scattered scales or absent. The anal tuft is always orange. After careful comparison with the types in the Macleay and Australian Museums, I believe that all Meyrick’s names given above are synomyms for one variable species. All the forms occur commonly about Brisbane. At the same time I would freely acknowledge, that if my material had been restricted to Mr. Meyrick’s types, I should have regarded them as separate species as he has done. With regard to Syntomis aperta, Walk., I have felt consider- able difficulty. Walker’s description of the wings I cannot understand, but he says “scutellum” is yellow, which is suggestive of this species. Meyrick describes the thorax as black, but this, I believe, after examining them, to have been due to his types being rubbed. That in Dr. Lucas’ collection has a conspicuous posterior yellow spot. Mr. Meyrick describes the antenne as white at apex, but I cannot help regarding this as an error. Careful inspection of the types named by him aperta in the Macleay, Australian Museum, and Lucas’ collections shows no more than a doubtful paleness of the terminal joint in one instance, due to loss of scales. These types appear to me to be certainly referable to the common Brisbane species. If my conclusions be correct, the species has a wide range from the extreme north of Queensland to South Australia. It is very common in the neighbourhood of Brisbane. Mr. R. Illidge finds the larvee in his garden feeding on various weeds and decaying leaves and fruit they are densely clothed with brown hairs. 97 HypRUSA TRIGONOPHORA, 7. sp. PI. v., fig. 7. Male and female, 25-35 mm. It differs from H. aperta, Walk., in the smaller size, in the distal spot of hindwings triangular, instead of roundish, the apex of triangle touching basal spot on median vein, and in tuft of male being black laterally. At first, I regarded it as a variety of the preceding; but have now five specimens taken at Brisbane and Stradbrooke Island, and have seen many others, all of which show the differences to be constant. Hyprusa CYANURA, Meyr. One specimen (Coll. Lucas); said to be from Thursday Island, Queensland. There is a second specimen in this collection. Hyprusa ANTITHETA, Meyr. I saw a type of this species in the Australian Museum, and it seemed to me distinct ; distinguished from H. aperta by the two apical segments being wholly black. Whether a posterior thoracic spot was present I could not decide. No trace of it is discernible, but the pin goes through where it might have been. I have received a specimen from Bundaberg, which resembles the type of H/. paraula, Meyr., in the Macleay Museum. This may or may not be distinct from the foregoing. The posterior spot is very distinct. I have not seen the types of H. anepsia, Meyr., and Z. macroplaca, Meyr., and can therefore express no opinion on these species. ; HyprusA HUMERALIS, Butl. (Journ. Linn. Soc., 1876, 352). Male and female 24-30 mm. Antennal pectination in male rather long (2). Head orange, obscurely fuscous between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black with orange patagia, and a conspicuous posterior orange spot. Abdomen orange, bases of segments broadly blackish ; apical segment in male blackish, with a small dorsal orange spot, in female pale orange. Forewings blackish, spots pale orange, opaque, rather small; first, roundish or oval; second, wedge-shaped, apex anterior, obtuse; third, irregular-oblong or sub-triangular ; fourth, elongate, sometimes surmounted by an additional dot ; connecting spot absent ; fifth, roundish or oval, evenly bisected by a black vein. Hindwings black, with spots large and con- fluent, somewhat constricted at point of union. Distinguished by long antennal pectinations of male, con- fluence of spots of hindwings, and especially by the orange patagia. 98 Barrier Range, North-West Australia; two specimens (Coll. Macleay). The British Museum type is stated to be from North Australia. I have two specimens from Brisbane and Stradbrooke Island, and have seen others, which differ from the types in spots of hindwings: being separate; for the present I include them in the present species. HYDRUSA ORPHNAA, %. Sp. Male and female 24-27 mm. Head broadly black on crown, collar yellow. Face black in male, in female mixed with ochreous. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black. Abdomen with hairy yellow scales, bases of segments black. Forewings black without iridescence, thinly scaled ; spots moderate, pale orange, semitrans- parent ; first, small, subquadrate ; second, larger, bluntly wedge- shaped ; third, nearly triangular, anterior angle produced towards second, and truncate ; fourth, elongate, surmounted by a small dot, connecting spot absent ; fifth, roundish, bisected by a black vein. Hindwings, basal spot rather larger, irregularly outlined, unequally divided by a fine black vein ; distal spot well developed, upper segment nearly as large as lower. Readily distinguished by the hairy abdomen and the scantily- clothed forewings, which give the species a very distinct appearance. The black face of the male is a very marked character, but may not be constant. The male is broadey, winged. Ballandean, Queensland, and Tenterfield, New South Wales, three specimens in February. Hyprusa ANNULATA, Fab. Zygaena annulata, F.E.S., 389; Syntomis annulata, Boisd. Zyg. 122, pl. vii., 8, pl. viii, 2; Hydrusa cingulata, Butl., Journ. Linn. Soc. 1876, 352; H. nigriceps, ib. 352; H. intensa, ib. 353, Meyr. lc. 136. The earlier synomymy is taken from Meyrick’s paper. I have read Butler’s descriptions and do not find in them any tangible points of distinction. His Hydrusa intensa is recognised by Meyrick, but the point of distinction given by the latter is unten- able. I have taken every gradation from nearly complete absence to considerable development of upper section of distal spot of hindwings on the same day under circumstances which left no doubt as to specific identity. Varieties.—A. very constant form in its markings. In Bris- bane the males are slightly larger and broader-winged than the females, in specimens from Ballandean and Tenterfield the dis- parity is much more marked. The anal tuft of the male, normally wholly orange, is sometimes black at the sides, as in I. phepsalotis. In forewings the fourth spot is rarely surmounted a = 99 by a small extra spot. I have one female specimen in which the first and third spots, normally widely separate, are confluent. Brisbane, Stradbrooke Island, and Moreton Bay District generally ; Ballandean, Maryborough, Rockhampton, and Cook- town, Queensland ; Tenterfield, Grafton,Sydney, and Wollongong, New South Wales ; also from Tasmania. Common and generally distributed. HypRUSA PHEPSALOTIS, Meyr. Pl. v., fig. 13. This may be distinguished best from H. annulata by the small, intensely orange spots on the wings. The anal tuft, orange, with black sides, is characteristic, but is occasionally found as a variety in the latter species, as is the obsolescence of upper part of basal spot of hindwings. Var. ethiops. In the Macleay Museum are two specimens from Sydney and Illawarra, in which the spots on the wings are extremely small. In both the distal spots of the hindwings are absent. In one the posterior spots of the forewings are absent, only three minute basal spots being present. Maryborough and Mount Tambourine, Queensland; Sydney and Illawarra, New South Wales. HyYDRUSA RECEDENS, Luc. (Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1891.) Male, 17 mm. Head and face ochreous-yellow ; a few fuscous scales between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black, with some ochreous-yellow scales posteriorly, patagia fuscous or light-ochreous-yellow. Abdomen with hairy yellow scales, bases of segments black ; seven yellow markings on dorsal surface ; tuft pale-ochreous, at sides fuscous. Forewings black, rather thinly scaled, without iridescence ; spots pale-ochreous, semitransparent; first and second spots quadrangular ; third triangular ; a well-developed lenticular spot between second and third ; fourth narrow-elongate, surmounted by a faint ochreous line; connecting spot indicated by a small dot; fifth spot roundish, evenly bisected. Hindwings with basal spot well developed ; distal moderate, remote, upper segment small. Immediately distinguished by its small size from all other species. It appears to be variable; the colour of the patagia differs in the two specimens. The lenticular spot between second and third spots would be a good character if constant. In the hairy abdomen it differs from all except H. orphnaa. Duaringa, Queensland. Hyprusa ESCHATIAS, Meyr. I have only seen the type in the Macleay Museum. The locality is unknown. 100 Hyprvusa BIcoLtor, Walk. Euchromia (Hydrusa) bicolor, Walk., Bomb. 255, Butl. Tl. Het. I. 19, pl. ix. Mydrusa bicolor, Meyr., |.c., 139. Cairns, Queensland, apparently common (Macleay and Queens- laud Museums). Mr. R. Illidge has taken one specimen at Bris- bane. CHOROMELES, Meyrick. CHOROMELES GEOGRAPHICA, Meyr. Taken commonly about Brisbane in October and again in March. CHOROMELES STREPSIMERIS, Meyr. I have seen only the type in the Macleay Museum ; it is from Bowen, Queensland. EUCHROMIA, Hb. EUCHROMIA POLYMENA, Lin. Sphinx polymena, Lin., Syst. Nat. II., 106; Cr. 13, D.; Meyr., lic., 142. North Australia; one specimen in the Macleay Museum. EvucHRoMIA IRus, C7. Sphinx irus, Cr., 3684; Slaucopis irius, Boisd., Voy. Astr., V., 192; S. ganymede, Dbld. Soct. Dise., 519, Pl. III., 3; Huchromia trus, Meyr., l.c., 143. Cape York and Cookstown, Queensland. Vol. XXII. Plate V. 101 A LIST OF PLANTS COLLECTED ON MT. LYND-= HURST RUN, S. AUSTRALIA. By Max Kocu. [Read, September, 6, 1898.] This list embodies the result of my gatherings, which I under- took for the Central Agricultural Bureau, at the request of the General Secretary, Mr. A. Molineux. The classification is in accordance with the “ Handbook of the Flora of Extratropical South Australia.” The area worked is of comparatively small extent, not exceeding 200 square miles. The exact locality is situated about 12 miles due north from the old Yeralina Head-station, embracing a portion of the Mt. Freeling Hills in the east, the Yeralina and Twins (now called Pindalpena) Creeks in a southerly and westerly direction, and terminating at the lower portion of the George Creek in the north. Though slightly to the north of District 8., I have decided at Prof. Tate’s suggestion and in accordance with the general complexion of my collection, to move the geographic boundary, by enclosing the Mt. Freeling Hills and the surrounding elevated country in District 8. The collection would not have been by far so representative, if it was not for the enthusiastic co- operation of my neighbours, Messrs. J. Langley, of the Trinity Well, and W. Langley, of Mt. Fitton mine, and I wish hereby to acknowledge their valuable help in the cause of science. The greater number of the plants had been named by Mr. J. H. Maiden, Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, through the agency of the Central Agricultural Bureau, Adelaide, while the remainder have been named, and a large number of of the whole revised, as indicated by prefixed asterisk, by Professor R. Tate, of the University of Adelaide. Being intimately associated with the rearing of stock, I have made it my business to investigate which plants are most suit- able and valuable for pasture, and notes of the economic value of each plant, as far as known to me by personal observation, are herewith given. I have also ascertained a few aboriginal names for various plants, as well as the uses they are put to by the natives, and I trust these additions to my list will be of some interest. Ranunculacee. Ranunculus parviflorus, Linne. Good fodder. *Myosurus minimus, Linne. 102 Papaveracee2. *Papaver aculeatum, Zhuwmb. Rare. Capparidee. *Cleome viscosa, Linne. Fodder. Crucifere. All useful fodder plants. *Erysimum brevipes, /. v. WV. *Erysimum Blennodia, /. v. WM. *Sisymbrium trisectum, /. v. MZ. I note three forms here. My No. 221, with white flowers and linear-filiform leaves, is probably the typical form. No. 325 resembles very much the ahove, but has pale-yellow flowers, and being generally found in the presence of 8. nasturtiordes, it may be a hybrid. No. 328. The foliage of this form is denser, the leaves are broader, somewhat thick and succulent, and the racemes more robust. The flowers of this form are always at the top end of the stalk, which gradually grows longer as the flowering proceeds; while in Nos. 221 and 325 the flowering begins at the bottom end of the raceme, which only shows buds at the top-end. *Sisymbrium nasturtioides, /. v. M. ‘ Mustard-bush.” *Sisymbrium procumbens, Zate. Rare. *Stenopetalum lineare, R. Brown. Aboriginal name, Warcoontoo. An article of food for the natives. *Alyssum minimum, Pallas. *Menkea australis, Lehm. Menkea australis, Lehm. My No. 326 is a variety differing from the typical form by the paucity of foliage. It is quite prostrate, racemes are filiform, flowers white, more minute than with J. australis, and the fruits somewhat narrower at the apex, and slightly wrinkled. Capsella cochlearina, &. v. M. Capsella ochrantha, F. v. M. *Lepidium phlebopetalum, / v. WM. “‘ Cress.” *Lepidium papillosum, /. v. M. “Cress.” Aboriginal name, Nalaka. 'The seeds are eaten by the natives. *Lepidium ruderale, Linne. Three forms are noticed here. My No. 272 is a stout herb, with radical, deeply-lobed glabrous leaves, flowers in short corymbose racemes, pods half-line long. No. 324. Leaves glabrous and lobed, flowers in long racemes, pods half-line long. No. 388. Stems and leaves slightly hairy, lower leaves lobed, upper ones entire, pods 14 line long. ba Ts 103 Frankeniacee. *Frankenia levis, Zinne. Useless for fodder. Two forms I have noticed, one with ovate leaves, the other with linear leaves. Pittosporee. Pittosporum phillyreoides, De Can. ‘‘Apricot-tree.” An orna- mental tree; the foliage is eaten by cattle. Aboriginal name, Madroo. The seeds are eaten by the natives. *Bursaria spinosa, Cav. ‘ Boxbush.” Collected by Mr. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. Rutacee. *Eriostemon difformis, Cunn., var. teretifolius. Collected by Mr. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. Zygophylleez. *Tribulus hystrix, &. Br. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Koola. Though some species of Zygophyllum are said to be injurious to stock, I have no evidence to that effect, but I noted stock feed freely of them. *Zygophyllum apiculatum, /.v. M@. Fodder. Collected by J. Langley, Trinity Well. *Zygophyllum fruticulosum, De Can. Useful fodder. Aboriginal name, Medeewurta ; an article of food for the natives. Zygophyllum ammophilum, /. v. J. Zygophyllum Billardieri, De. Can. *Zygophyllum prismatothecum, /. v. M. *Zygophyllum Howittii, /. v. M@. Collector, J. Langley. *Zygophyllum iodocarpum, /. v. WM. Suspected of being injurious. *Zygophyllum glaucescens, /. v. Mf. Usefulfodder. Aborignal name, Vilday. An article of food for natives. Geraniacee. Erodium cygnorum, Nees. Valuable fodder. Aboriginal names, Yarpee, Windoo, Wuntooka. The herb is largely eaten by the natives. Oxalis corniculata, Zinne. Soursobs. Fodder; eaten by the aborigines. Sapindaceze. Heterodendron oleaefolium, Désf. The foliage of this tree is greatly relished both by cattle and sheep. Aboriginal name, Mindra, the seed of which forms an article of food for the natives. *Dodonza viscosa, Linne. ‘‘ Hopbush.” Dodonza viscosa, variety, angustifolia. *Dodonea lobulata, /. v. M. “Hopbush.’ All three collected by W. Langley at the Daly and Stanley mine. 104 Dodoneza microzyga, 7. v. M. “ Red Hopbush.” All the above Dodoneas are cropped by sheep. Phytolacceez. *Codonocarpus pyramidalis, & v. M@. “ Poplar tree.” Malvacee. All more or less useful for fodder. Sida corrugata, Lindl. Sida virgata, Hooker. Aboriginal names, Watteeworroo and Burdaddee. Abutilon Mitchelli, Bentham. Ornamental. Aboriginal name, Yarreedee. * Abutilon oxycarpum, Ff. v. I Abutilon Fraseri, Hooker. *Lavatera plebeia, Sims. A valuable fodder plant, also orna- mental. Aboriginal names, Wirpa, Koornma, and Wurnma. The roots (apara) of young plants are eaten by the natives. Malvastrum spicatum, A. Gray. Useful fodder. *Hibiscus brachysiphonius, 7. v. MW. Rare. *Gossypium Sturtii, /. v. M@. A very ornamental shrub. Tiliacez. *Corchorus longipes, Tate, n. sp. Fodder. Euphorbiacee, *Kuphorbia erythrantha, /. v. Mf. Fodder. Euphorbia Drummondii, Boiss. Fodder. Euphorbia eremophila, Cunn. Fodder. These herbs are looked upon with suspicion as poisonous, but reliable proofs are wanting. *Phyllanthus rhytidospermus? 7. v. M. Rare. Phyllanthus lacunarius, /.v. *Phyllanthus trachyspermus, J Hooker. Collector, W. Langley The same as the Mount Parry plant, which was wrongly attributed to P. Gunni. [R.T. *Beyeria opaca, 7’. v. M. Collected by W. Langley. Portulacee. All these herbs are eaten by stock. Portulaca oleracea, Linne. Good fodder; Aboriginal name, Monyeroo. 'The leaves and seeds are an article of food for the aborigines. Claytonia Balonnensis, 7 v. M.? Aboriginal name, Parakilya. *Claytonia pumila, /. v. M. The only previous record for South Australia is ‘near Macdonnell Range, C. Giles.” *Claytonia volubilis, /. v. M. Though described to have 8 to 10 stamens, [ often found 18 or 20. 105 Caryophyllee. *Spergularia rubra, Cam’. It occurs in two forms, one is prostrate, the other erect ; fodder. Polygonacez. Muehlenbeckia Cunninghamii, /. v. WZ. Fodder. “ Lignum” ; Aboriginal name, Burdinga. Chenopodiacee. Comprising the most important and widely distributed fodder-plants of the district. Atriplex stipitatum, Bentham. Atriplex nummularium, Lindl. ‘Old - man Saltbush” ; aboriginal name, Vilpena. Atriplex vesicarium, Hew. Bladder saltbush. This is the most valuable saltbush of all. A variety has been noted by me in the Mt. Freeling Hills, which resembles the typic forin in habit and foliage, but the fruits show only the inner herbaceous valves, while the bladder-like appendages are either wanting or very minute. Aboriginal names, Billacurroo, Dandayree. Atriplex velutinellum, # v. MW. Collector, J. Langley. Atriplex fissivalve, F. v. IW. *Atriplex angulatum, Bentham. I notice a variety differing in habit, form of foliage, and fruits. The latter consist of two thin three-angled valves with either one or two small hornlike dorsal appendages, which, however, are not unusual. Atriplex leptocarpum, F. v. IW. *Atriplex limbatum, Benth. ‘Spreading Saltbush.” Atriplex halimoides, Zind/. About four varieties have been noticed by me, the chief difference is in the shape of fruits. Aboriginal name, Maltoo, which seems to be also employed for several other annual saltbushes. *Atriplex holocarpum, #. v. /. Annual or Pop-saltbush, so called on account of the popping noise the fruits produce when trod upon. Aboriginal name, Maltoo. Several varieties of this species has been noticed by me. (a). Stems robust fruits large, nearly globular and spongy, This is the typic form. (6). Foliage much crowded and very watery ; fruits ovoid, somewhat acuminate. Stems herbaceous. This is the spongiosa-form of F. v. Mueller. (c). Stems rather rigid, woody and brittle ; fruits obovate, intermediate in shape, but with a hard and shining epiderm. Atriplex Kochianum, Maiden. Stems erect, angular, woody, and brittle. Leaves very angular, whereby it can be easily 106 distinguished from A vesicarvwm, to which it is allied. Fruits have two large, thick, nearly basal ovate-lanceolate appendages. Rhagodia spinescens, &. Br. Useful fodder. Spinescent only when very old, or in adverse seasons. Aboriginal name, Yillaroo. Rhagodia nutans, &. Br. Good fodder. *Chenopodium nitrariaceum, /. v. M. Chenopodium auricomum, Lindl. Good fodder. Chenopodium cristatum, /. v. M. Fodder. Enchylena tomentosa, &. Brown. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Burlahmee. These fruits are an article of food for the natives. ' *Threlkeldia proceriflora, Ff. v. J. Kochia lobiflora, # v. MW. Rare. Kochia brevifolia, R. Brown. ‘* Bluebush.”’ Kochia pyramidata, Benth. ‘‘ Bluebush.” Aboriginal names, Ooneroo and Koonambirra. Kochia eriantha, /. v. YW. Rare. *Kochia spongiocarpa, /. v. WM. “ Bluebush.” Kochia villosa, Lindl. ‘‘Cotton-bush.” Four forms have been noticed here ; the difference is principally in the more or less dense woolliness of stems and foliage, size of fruits, and habit of growth of the plants. Kochia sedifolia, F. v. M. ‘ Bluebush.” Kochia aphylla, &. Br. ‘ Cottonbush.” Valuable fodder, often spinescent. Aboriginal names, Bulka and Poondoo-poondoo. Kochia ciliata, # v. AZ. Aboriginal name, Moodlee. Kochia brachyptera, /. v. A. *Bassia Dallachyana, Benth. Fodder, but injurious to sheep when in fruit, as these are densely enveloped in cottony wool, and if partaken of in quantities they will form indigestible felty balls in the entrails of sheep, which often die in consequence of them. Bassia tricornis, Bentham. Bassia biflora, /. v. I. Bassia paradoxa, /. v. WM. Bassia lanicuspis, /. v. M. Bassia diacantha, /’. v. MM. *Bassia uniflora, /. v. W. Bassia bicornis, /. v. I. Bassia eriochiton, 7'ate. *Bassia quinquecuspis, /”. v. WM. Aboriginal name, Yate. *Bassia divaricata, /. v. M. Aboriginal name, Yalkirray 3assia bicuspis, /. v. I. *Bassia Tatei, 7. v. MU. 107 All the Bassias, especially in the earlier stages of growth, provide palatable and succulent fodder for stock; and, although the spiny nature of the fruits of some of them is objectionable in wool, the pastoralist of the Far North should not condemn these plants on that account, because these spiny fruits are the very safeguards against eradication of a most useful class of fodder-plants. Babbagia dipterocarpa, #. v. IM. *Babbagia acroptera, / v. MW. and Tate. *Babbagia pentaptera, /. v. MW. and Tate. *Salicornia arbuscula, &. Brown. Aboriginal name, Zarapoolia. Salsola Kali, Zinne. ‘ Roley-Poley.” Aboriginal name, Yilka. Very useful fodder. Amarantacee. Euxolus Mitchelli, /. v. W Fodder. Euxolus interruptus, Miguel. Rare. The first record for South Australia. Ptilotus obovatus, /. v. WM. Good fodder. Ptilotus exaltatus, Vees. Ornamental. Collector, Mr. Langley. *Ptilotus nobilis, /. v. MZ. Ornamental. Good fodder. Aboriginal name, Anemaheewurta. *Alternanthera triandra, Lam. Good fodder. Nyctaginee. *Boerhaavia repanda, Willd. Collected by W. Langley at Mt. Fitton. Boerhaavia diffusa, Linne. Good fodder. Two forms are noted here, which the aborigines also seem to distinguish. No. 65, Stemsand leaves hairy; aboriginal name, Zawo. No. 66, Stems and leaves glabrous; aboriginal name, Padioo. The natives eat the roots of these herbs, which they call Murra. Urticacez. Parietaria debilis, 4. Forster. Good fodder. Casuarinee. Casuarina glauca, Sieb. ‘“ Blackoak.” The foliage is a valuable fodder. Aboriginal name, Alkoo. Leguminose. *Daviesia genistifolia, Cumn. Collected near Yudnamuttena by Mr. W. Langley. Templetonia retusa, &. Brown. Collected by Mr. H. L. Hughes, of Umberatena. Templetonia egena, Benth. ‘ Broombush.” Aboriginal names, Atara and Linyee. 108 *Goodia medicaginea, Salisb. Collected by Mr. W. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. (*Crotalaria Cunninghamii, #. Br. Not eaten by stock. ‘Hacks’ Bean, Parrot-plant,” ornamental. Introduced by me into the district. | * /Aschynomene indica, Linne. Rare. *Indigofera australis, Wold. *Indigofera brevidens, Bentham. Both collected by Mr. W. Langley at Mt. Livingstone. Clianthus Dampieri, Cunn. Good fodder; perhaps the most ornamental plant in the North. Aboriginal names, Ngarabana and Minyee-minyeelparry. *Swainsonia phacoides, Benth. *Swainsonia campylantha, /. v. *Swainsonia stipularis, # v. IZ. *Swainsonia oroboides, # v. M. These Swainsonias, or Vetches, yield fattening fodder, and as far as can be ascertained are not injurious to stock. *Psoralea patens, Lindl. Fodder. Trigonella suavissima, Lind/. Good fodder. ‘‘ Scented clover.” Aboriginal names, Walpurla, Kanba, Kadumma, and Columba. The latter name is from Innamincka blacks. Lotus australis, Andrews, var. Behrianus. Ty aay Derby, N.W. Australia ([) Ad. male Riu 4 Derby, N.W. Australia (J) Ad. female Bie Perth, S.W. Australia (K) Juv. male 2°45“ Burwood, Sydney, N.S. Wales (L) Juv. male 24 «6 Derby, N.W. Australia (M) Juv. female 2:4 ‘* Port Essington, North Australia (N) Juv. male rs: Port Essington, North Australia All the young birds are more or less tinged with yellow, especially on the cheeks, upper wing-coverts, and edge of the wing. 148 [On my arrival at Derby on May 1, I found several kinds of trees in full blossom, and consequently Honey-eaters were plenti- ful. One of the noisiest for its size was the bird under notice. It showed a decided preference for the blossom of the [i-tree, but occasionally visited the Eucalyptus. They were seen singly or in pairs. | No. 39. Prinoris FLAVESCENS (Yellow-tinted Honey-eater). Ptilotis flavescens, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1839), p. 142; zd, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV., pl. 41 (1848) ; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. IX., p. 245 (1884); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., vol. I., 2nd series, p. 1,092 (1886). Five males, two female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. The range of this species extends east to Normanton in the Gulf district. Young birds have the upper surface paler than the adults. [During the hot days of December and January these birds came to the water-trough at the well near the Telegraph Station in such numbers as to completely line the trough whilst they were drinking ard bathing. They seem to be similar in their habits to P. penrcillata, spending their time in bathing, chasing each other, and seeking insects or blossom amongst the branches of the different trees. The sexes are alike in plumage, and can only be distinguished by dissection. They were just building their nests when we left in March. | No. 40. Prinoris sonora (Singing Honey-eater). Ptilotis sonorus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1840), p. 160 ; 2d. Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV. , pl. 33 (1848). Ptilotis sonor a, Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. [X., p. 234 (1884); Ramsay, Proce. Linn. Séc. N.S. W., vol. I., 2nd series, p. 1,092 (1886). A young female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. The young of this species may be distinguished from the adult by its paler under surface, and having only narrow shaft-streaks of pale brown on the breast. It is distributed over the greater part of Australia. [In the scrub near Geraldton these birds were first seen busy amongst such bushes as were in blossom in June, and from that time until my arrival at Derby, they were seen almost daily. Occasionally they were the only birds to be found on the sandhills Several clutches of their eggs were taken from the Casuarina and Acacia-trees during August. | No. 41. PriLoris KEARTLANDI (Keartland’s Honey-eater). Ptilotis keartland:, North, Ibis (1895), p. 340; North and Keartl., Rep. Horn Sci. Exp. Centr. Austr. part IT., Zool. p. 93, pl. 6., upp. fig. (18964). 149 Three adult males, one young male. Obtained in the forest timber, near the Fitzroy River, on the way into Derby. It is interesting to meet with a series of skins of this Honey-eater, which Mr. Keartland first discovered during the visit of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia in 1894. It is also re- markable that Mr. Cairn, or the late Mr. Bowyer-Bower, did not meet with this species during the time they made large collections in the vicinity of Derby in 1886. Two of the adult specimens have the basal portion of the lower mandible yellow ; wing, 3 inches, to 3°3. The young male is slightly duller in plumage than the adult, and the patch of yellow feathers below the ear- coverts is not so bright and well-defined ; wing, 2°8 inches. {On October 5 several of these birds were found far in the desert, south of Separation Well, in a small patch of scattered mallee. They were afterwards found at Gilgelly Creek and Derby. Probably the fact that so many of the trees were just out in blossom during the time of our visit at the end of April may account for their presence in such numbers. | No. 42. SromiopERA vuNIcoLoR (Uniform-coloured Honey-eater). Ptilotis unicolor, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc., (1842), p. 136; id, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV., pl. 46 (1848) ; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. [X., p. 249 (1884); Sharpe, Rep. Voy. Alert., p, 20 (1884). Stomiopera unicolor, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S8.W., vol. I., 2nd series, p. 1,092 (1886). Four adult males. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Similar to specimens from Northern Australia. {The loud notes of this bird were only heard amongst the man- groves near the Fitzroy River. They seem to delight in bathing, and when not so engaged may be seen actively searching for insects or honey amongst the dense undergrowth which skirts the river. The sexes are alike in plumage. | No. 43. Paitremon sorpipus (Northern Friar Bird). Tropidorhynchus sordidus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. L, introd., p. 58 (1848). Philemon sordidus, Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. IX., p. 277 (1884); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., vol. I., 2nd series, p. 1,092 (1686); North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 219, pl. 12, fig. 3 (1889). Philemon sp. (1) Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., vol. I., 2nd series, p. 169 (1887). . Philemon juv (sp. ?), Ramsay, op. cit., vol. [I., 2nd series, p. 169 (1887). 150 Philemon occidentalis, Ramsay, top. cit., p. 676 (1887), amm. male. Four adult females, one immature male. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Gould separated this species from P. citreogularis on account of its smaller admeasurements and larger bill. Five specimens from Port Essington, where the type of P. sordidus was obtxined by Gilbert, have the bills of the same size as examples of P. citreogularis, procured in New South Wales. They are, however, much smaller, the wing measurements varying in length from 4°55 inches to 4:7. The present examples all have the bills larger than in P. citreogularis, and the wing measurement nearly alike, varying only from 4°95 inches to 5-05. They are slightly paler- brown above, and whiter on the under-surface, and have that washed-out appearance often seen in birds procured in very hot. districts. The specimens obtained by Mr. E. J. Cairn on the Lennard River are slightly larger, aud the wing measurement. varying from 5:25 inches to 5:45. In the list of references given above it will be seen that I have included Dr. Ramsay’s P. occidentalis as a synonym of this species. The type of P. occidentalis was obtained by the late Mr. T. H. Bowyer-Bower near Derby, and it is in precisely the same stage of plumage as. the immature male of P. sordidws procured by Mr. Keartland, and from which it cannot be distinguished. Both specimens have all the feathers of the interscapular region edged with ashy- white, the outer webs of the inner primaries margined with greenish-yellow, a conspicuous patch of citron-yellow feathers on the sides of the lower neck, and only a faint tinge of yellow on the silvery-white throat. Immature specimens of P. citreogularis, from Eastern and Southern Australia, differ in having a bright. citron-yellow throat, and only a few feathers on the sides of the lower throat tipped with citron-yellow. Adult specimens of P. sordidus from North-Western Australia. can only be distinguished from P. citreogularis by their bleached appearance and larger bill. The latter character is subject. to- much variation, especially in specimens obtained in different localities. In other respects the two birds are similar. A nest of this species from which the female was procured was built in the drooping leafy twigs of a Eucalyptus growing near the Fitzroy River. It is cup-shaped in form, and is outwardly constructed of dried grass-stems and long strips of very fine bark- fibre, held together with the indumentum of some composite plant, the inside being lined entirely with dried grasses. Exterior measurements, 33 inches in diameter, by 54 inches in depth 3. interval diameter, 24 inches, by 34 inches in depth. An egg belonging to this nest is of a very pale-purplish-red ground colour,. 151 with a few rounded spots and dots of dark-purplish-red on the larger end ; while appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell are underlying spots of faint purplish-grey-grey. Length, 1:03 x 0-73 inch. Another specimen has dull-purplish-red blotches. uniformly distributed over the surface of shell, except on one side, and the ground-colour almost obscured with numerous streaky markings of faint purplish-grey. Length, 1:12 x 0°77 inch, |In the neighbourhood of the Fitzroy River, and especially at Derby, these birds were very numerous. They seemed to require water as frequently as Finches and Pigeons, and dearly love a bath. Often whilst watching the different birds arriving and departing from the water-troughs I was annoyed by the visit of one or more of these birds, whose sudden arrival caused the immediate dispersal of all other species from the water. It is very pugnacious, and chases any intruders from the vicinity of its nest. Should an Owl be disturbed during the day he is immediately noticed by the Friar bird, and chased and worried for a great distance during which time many other birds join in the hunt. Many of their nests were found near the river, but only two eggs obtained. The nests were made of coarse grass, cup-shaped, and placed in the drooping foliage of the Eucalypt. When seen from below they bore a strong resemblance to those of the Chestnut-eared Finch. One of the birds was distinguished by its darker plumage and yellow markings on the sides of the neck. Whether another species or simply a variation in plumage with age I was unable to determine. It was being constantly attacked by the Sordid Friar-birds, which were numerous in the locality where it was shot. | No. 44. Metirureprus terior (Yellow-backed Honey-eater). Melithreptus letior, Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. His., 4th series, vol. X VI., pl. 287 (1875); td., Bds. New Guinea, fol., vol. III., pl. 40 (1875-88) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W.,, vol. L., 2nd series, p. 1,093 (1886). Three adult males, one immature male. Camp near the junc- tion of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Four examples of this beautiful Honey-eater, with its conspicuous bright-yellow hind neck and rump. The immature male has the outer primaries, most of the inner secondaries, and the lateral tail-feathers pale- brown. Wing, 3°3 inches. This very distinct species is also found in the Gulf District, Northern Queensland. In vol. IX. of the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum its name is. erroneously placed as a synonym of M/. gularis. [The neighbourhood of the Fitzroy River from Derby to its _ junction with the Margaret River appears to be the stronghold 152 of this beatiful Honey-eater. During February they were found in small flocks amongst the Mimosa, Bauhinia, and Eucalyptus saplings. Those seen in May had paired and were nesting. | No. 45. Myzometa PECTORALIS (Banded Honey eater). Myzomela pectoralis, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1840), p. 170; id., Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV., pl. 65 (1848); Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. TX., p. 138 (1884) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W., vol. II., 2nd series, p. 169 (1887). Three young males. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. The youngest bird has patches of pale buff among the black feathers on the crown of the head, and has the mantle strongly mottled with the same colour ; the innermost secondaries are conspicuously edged with white, and the ear-coverts are yellow. The other specimens have the ear-coverts a paler yellow, a few rich buff feathers in the mantle, and one of them some pale buffy-white feathers on the forehead. Adult birds have the ear-coverts pure white like the sides of the neck and the upper parts of the head, mantle and back black. There is an adult male of this species in the Australian Museum, obtained by Mr. George Masters at Port Denison. Previously it has not been recorded further south in Queensland than Rockingham Bay. [The trough at the well in the vicinity of our camp at the telegraph station near the Fitzroy River was frequently visited by these birds, and I soon obtained specimens for my collection. — They were also found in considerable numbers at Derby in May, where the blossom afforded them an ample supply of food. Though the adult males are decidedely black-and-white, several of those shot appeared to be immature, and had old brown feathers dispersed through the black. I have reason to believe that the young of both sexes are plain dark-brown above and pale-brown or dirty-white beneath What appeared to be adult females corresponded in plumage with the young ones. A deserted nest — of this species bore a strong resemblance to that of M. nigra, but was lined with a few bits of horsehair. ] No. 46. ENroMOPHILA RUFIGULARIS (Red-throated Honey-eater). Entomophila rufogularis, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1842), p. 137; 2d., Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV., pl. 52 (1848); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., vol I., 2nd series, p. 1,092 (1886). Entomophila rufigularis, G Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. [X., — p- 219 (1884); North, Nests dad Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 2138 (1889). Three adult males, one adult female, one not quite full plumaged male. Camp about five miles from the junction of the — 153 Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. The wings of adults measure from 2°8 to 3 inches. A nest of this species taken near the Fitzroy River in February, 1897, is attached on one side to a thin leafy twig of a species of Bauhinia, prokably B. Hookeri, Mr. Fred Turner, F.R.H.S., kindly informs me. It is a deep cup-shaped structure, one side of it being considerably higher than the other, and is outwardly formed of very fine bark fibre, a small quantity of grass, and the outer covering of some composite plant, firmly matted and held together, the inside being neatly lined with fine dried grasses. On one side it measures exteriorly 4+ inches, on the other 2} inches ; inside diameter, 2 inches. The eggs are two or three in number for a sitting, and are extremely variable in size, shape, disposi- tion, and dolout of their markings. The most common type is elongate-oval in form, white, with small irregular-shaped spots and dots of rich-red or pinky- red evenly distributed over the entire surface of the shell, and closely resemble the eggs of Gerygone albigularis, or Malurus cyaneus. Two sets of three each measure as follows :—Length, (A) 0:74.x 0°5 inch, (B) 0°76 x 0°51, (C) 0°73 x 0:5, (D) 0:77 x 0°54, (E) 0°68 x 0°53, (F) 0°73 x 05. A set of two are nearly round, and measure (A) 0°63 x 0:53, (B) 0°67 x 0°55. Another type has a zone on the larger end formed of large confluent dull-red blotches, and resembles some varieties of the eggs of Malurus lambert: or M. longicaudus. A third has the pure-white ground colour sparingly dotted and spotted with purplish-black, ‘and in some specimens a few large penumbral markings of purplish-red on the larger ends, and resemble the ezgs of Glyciphila modesta or oh wnec a! epee A set of two measures, (A) 0°68 x 0°48 inch, (B) 0:67 x 0°47. [Near the Fitzroy River these birds were numerous. They were very active, and when seeking for insects amongst the long grass, or in the foliage of the various trees, kept up an incessant chatter, chasing each other or attacking birds of other species which happened to intrude on any bush on which they were feeding. They evince a decided liking for the small black fig, and also to shelter themselves from the sun amongst its foliage. At nesting time, which is immediately after rain in January or February, they become very tame and fearless. On_ several occasions I stood under a Bauhinia-tree, and watched them build- ing their nests within five feet of my face. The nest, which is deep, cup-shaped, is always suspended by one side of the rim to the end of some slender twig, seldom more than six feet high, but on one occasien a pair built fully twenty feet from the ground in a Eucalypt at our camp. The nests were all built so that they could swing with the wind, and were constructed principally of fine grass. The eggs show great variation in colour and mark- 154 ings. Four clutches, taken from nests built near our camp, which were frequently visited during building and laying, and about which there is not the least doubt, differ thus :—No. 1 Clutch— Heavily freckled with light-red on white ground, elongated oval in shape. No. 2 Clutch—Much smaller than the above, slightly spotted at the larger end with small black spots on white ground, short, swollen, oval in shape. No. 3 Clutch—Sparingly marked with large dark-brown spots on white ground, oval shape. No. 4 Clutch—Heavily marked with dark-red, especially at the larger end, where the ground colour is almost completely obscured. Three eggs form the usual complement, but occasionally birds were found sitting on two. | No. 47. CuIMACTERIS MELANURA (Black-tailed Tree-Creeper). Climacteris melanura, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1842), p. 138 ; 7d., Bds. Austr., fol., vol. IV., pl. 97 (1848) ; Gadow, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. VIIL., p. 334 (1883); Ramsay, Proc. Linu. Soc. N.S.W., vol. IL., 2nd series, p. 169 (1887); North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 239 (1889). Three adult males, two adult females, two immature males. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Gould’s figures of this species in his “‘ Birds of Australia” are those of the male only. ‘The female has the throat white, and the feathers on the lower portion of it broadly edged with chestnut-red. Immature males are brownish-black above and below, with narrow white streaks to the feathers on the throat, and sub-terminal spots of white on the under-tail coverts ; the fawn band through the centre of the wing is also of a richer colour than in the adults. [Near the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers these birds were often seen or heard. Their notes and _ habits closely resemble those of the well-known Brown Tree-creeper. They are very shy and ditficult to approach. The adult female is easily distinguished by a white patch on the throat. Why this bird should be named the Black-tailed Tree-creeper is difficult to understand, whea the term sooty or Black Tree-creeper would be so much more appropriate. | No. 48. Paaprs uisrrionica (Harlequin Bronze-wing). Columba (Peristra) histrionica, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1840), p. 114. ; Peristera histrionica, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. V., pl. 66 (1848). Phaps histrionica, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. IL, 2nd series, p. 171 (1887); North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds p. 274 (1889). 155 Histriophaps histrionica, Salvad., Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus, vol. XXT., p. 529 (1893). One adult female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. [These birds were invariably found in large flocks in the vicinity of the Fitzroy River, where they came to drink towards evening, but as we traversed the open grassy plains south of the St. George Range, great flocks arose from amongst the Flinders grass, on the seeds of which they had been feeding. They are extremely sociable in their habits, always feeding and drinking in company, and wherever one nest is found many others may be looked for in the same neighbourhood. | No. 49. LopHopHaps FERRUGINEA (Rust-coloured Bronze-wing). Lophophaps ferruginea, Gould, Handbk. Bds. Austr., vol. TT. p. 137 (1865) ; id., Bds. Austr., Suppl., pl. 68 (1869); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. IIL., 2nd. series, p. 171 (1887). Lophophaps plumifera, Salvad. (nec Gould), Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. X XI, p. 533 (1893). An adult male and female, obtained near Mount Arthur, slightly darker and richer in colour than specimens procured by the Jate Mr. T. H. Bowyer-Bower near Derby, in October, 1886. The sexes are alike in plumage, but individual variation exists in the depth of the white band on the throat ; in some specimens it is crescentic in form, in others it extends in a V-shaped mark- ing down the centre of the throat. Two eggs, taken by Mr. Harris from a slight grass-lined depression in the ground, shel- tered by a spinifex tussock, are swollen ellipses in shape, and of a uniform pale-cream colour, the grain of the shell being very fine and its surface slightly glossy. Length, (A) 0°94 x 0°77 inch, {B) 0-9 x 0°77 inch. These are the only authenticated eggs of this species that, as far as I am aware, have yet been found. Count Salvadori has described this Pigeon in the ‘“ Catalogue of the Columbe in the British Museum,” under the name of Gould’s older species, LZ. plumifera. The latter in his “ Handbook to the Birds of Australia” states that “ LZ. ferruginea differs from L. plumifera . . inthe absence of the broad white pectoral band so conspicuous in the latter.” In the ‘ Aves of the Horn Expedition ” I pointed out the difference between Gould’s and Count Salvadori’s descriptions of L. plumifera, but, judging from the measurements only, I there concurred that the bird described by Count Salvadori was similar to the one from which Gould had taken his original description of LZ. plumifera. Since the publica- tion of the Report of the Horn Expedition, however, the Aus- tralian Museum has been enriched by the addition of the well- known Dobroyde Collection, which contains a fine series of the 156 Plumed Bronze-wings, and I now feel confident that the specimens from which Count Salvadori took his description of LZ. pluwmifera are only slightly paler-coloured examples of Gould’s L. ferruginea, and not his true LZ. plumifera. This is supported by the fact that the talented author in describing L. ferruginea, and of which he had Gould’s type before him, states that it is ‘Similar to ZL. plumifera, but the general cinnamon colour of a deeper hue.” Moreover, there is now a sufficient number of specimens of Plumed Bronze-wings in the Museum, [I believe, to satisfactorily answer the question asked by (sould in his Supplement to the Birds of Australia: ‘Are there two or three species of these charming little crested Pigeons?” The last to be described, L. ferruginea, is a good and distinct species, which may be easily distinguished from L. plumifera by the absence of the white band on the chest, and its uniform cinnamon-coloured breast and abdomen. The habitat of this species appears to be restricted to that portion of West Australia lying between Champion Bay and King Sound. The late Mr. T. H. Bowyer-Bower obtained samples of it near Derby, North- West Australia, and it is from some of his specimens Count Salvadori has taken his description of LZ. plumifera. Gould’s figure of L. ferruginea, although slightly high-coloured, otherwise accurately represents the distinguishing characters of this species. His original description of LZ. plumifera in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society is apparently taken from a young bird, for the middle of the abdomen is there described as being light-buff. In describing the same species in his Handbook, he states the abdome2n is snow-white, which clearly applies to the bird he dis- tinguished later on in his Supplement to the Birds of Australia, under the name of G. lewcogaster. It was with hesitation that Gould separated the birds from South Australia under the latter name, and one of his principal reasons for so doing was that they were obtained in a locality far removed from the then known habitat of Z. plumifera. In his Handbook, Gould remarks: “ From Gilbert’s journal I extract the following passage :—‘ Lat., 17° 30’. March 6. I was fortunate enough to kill for the first time Lophophaps plumifera.’ I only saw the specimen I killed.” In the “ Old Collection” of the Australian Museum is a specimen of L. plumifera, which Dr. Ramsay informs me was presented to Mr. John Murphy, one of the members of Dr. Leichhardt’s Over- land Expedition, and who obtained it during the journey from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. Mr. Murphy, then a lad of 16, was with Gilbert at the time he treacherously met his death at the hands of the natives, and presumedly this is the historic specimen referred to by Gilbert in his journal, for there is no record in Dr. Leichhardt’s work of any others being obtained, —— >. «te, Cg hee la ‘Tr = 157 except two shot by Brown the day before Gilbert secured his specimen, “but they were too much mutilated to make good specimens.” Upon comparing a number of these Pigeons with white pectoral bands, and buffy-white or snow-white abdomens, from different parts of the Gulf District with others procured in Central and North-West Australia, I cannot but regard them as all being referable to one species—ZL. plumifera, of which I rank G. lewcogaster as asynonymn. A pair of L. plumifera from the Gulf District have thrived well in the aviary at the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, for the past four years. {The North-West part of Australia appears to be the home of this species. In habits and appearance at a distance they closely resemble ZL. lewcogaster of Central Australia. In some rocky country near Gorda Town we saw these Pigeons for the first time. Several single birds were disturbed as we passed the base of the hills, but soon afterwards large coveys, consisting of about one hundred birds, passed from their feeding ground to the hills. At the homestead of Liverynga Station, I am informed, they are very abundant in the hills close by, and are so tame that as many as a dozen birds may be seen under the verandah seeking shelter from the hot sun, or drinking from a dish of water placed for their convenience They are also plentiful near the Margaret and Gascoigne Rivers. They deposit their two creamy-white eggs on the ground beneath the shade of a spinifex tussock in a slight depression in the ground, in which a few bits of grass are collected. Iam indebted to Mr. Harris, of Fitzroy River, for the clutch in the collection. | No. 50. OcypHars LopHotes (Crested Bronze-wing). Columba lophotes, Temm., Pl. Col., 142 (1823). Ocyphaps lophotes, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., V., pl. 70 (1848) ; Sturt, Exped. Centr. Austr., vol. II., App., p. 44 (1849); Ram- say, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W,, vol. II., 2nd series, p. 171 (1887) ; North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 277, pl. 4, fig. 10 (1889) ; Salvad., Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXI., p. 535 (1893); North and Keartl., Rep. Horn Sci. Exp. Centr. Austr., part II., Zool., p. 99 (1896). One adult female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. {These lovely birds had a peculiar interest for our party, as by observing the direction taken by them in the morning Mr. L. A. Wells found water on two occasions. They were present in the greatest numbers near Mount Bates, where they came in immense flocks to drink at a small pool. But wherever water existed throughout the journey they were seen. Being very plump and fleshy, they were often shot for the pot. At the Fitzroy River M 158 several nests containing eggs or young birds were found during our stay. | No. 51. GeoPpELIA HUMERALIS (Barred-shouldered Dove). Columba humeralis, Temm., Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. XIIL, p. 128 (1821). Geopelia humeralis, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. V., pl. 72 (1848); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. IL., 2nd _ series, p. 171 (1887) ; Salvad., Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXI., p. 455 (1893). : Erythrauchena humeralis, North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 277 (1889). An adult male and female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Similar to examples from Eastern Australia, { Among the dense timber along the banks of the Fitzroy River these birds were very numerous, but they were never seen far from water. They were always found in pairs, and several of their nests containing young were found on the Bauhinia-trees near the river. | No. 52. GEOPELIA cUNEATA (Little Turtle-dove). Columba cuneata, Lath., Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. 61 (1801). Geopelia cuneata, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. V., pl. 74 (1848); Sturt, Exped. Centr. Austr., vol. II., App., 44 (1849) ; Salvad., Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXI., p. 462 (1893); North and Keartl., Rep. Horn Sci. Exp. Centr. Austr., part II., Zool., p- 101 (1896). Stictopelia cuneata, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. L., 2nd series, p. 1,095 (1886) ; North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 279 (1889). One adult male. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Two eggs taken from a frail nest of twigs are true ellipses in form, pure white, and measure {A) 0°79 x 0°6 inch, (B) 0°78 x 0°6 inch. [Near Cue a few of these Doves were seen ; but, afterwards, in the timbered country beyond Lake Way, they were disturbed in hundreds as the caravan passed along. They were found wherever water existed, and appeared to drink frequently. At the Fitzroy River several nests were found containing eggs or young. The nest, a very frail structure, is usually placed on the horizontal branch of a Bauhinia-tree, and consists of a few small twigs or grass-stems, so loosely thrown together that the eggs may be seen from beneath, and so flat on top that it is a difficult matter to bend the limb without causing the eggs to fall. | 159 No. 53. Turnix vVELOx (Swift-flying Turnix). Hemipodius velox, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1840), p. 150; zd., Bds. Austr., fol, vol. V., pl. 87 (1848); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. ‘Soc. N.S.W., vol. IT., 2nd series, p. 171 (1887). Turnix velox, North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 286 (1889); Grant, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXIT., p. 553 (1893). An adult male and female. Camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. 7. /eucogaster, -described by me in the report of the Horn Expedition from a ‘Single specimen, may prove to be only a very bleached young bird of this species. A set of three eggs of 7. velox are of a pale-brownish-white ground colour, which is almost obscured by numerous minute reddish-brown and violet-grey freekles uniformly distributed over the surface of the shell. In one specimen the ground colour is almost a clear white, rendering the markings very distinct. Length, (A) 0°91 x 0:74 inch, (B) 0°91 x 0°7 inch, (C) 0°88 x 0:71 inch. Another set of two are slightly more pointed at the smaller ends, and have the pale-brownish-white ground colour thickly -covered with very small indistinct markings of a slightly-darker hue. These specimens have a washed-out appearance, and look _as if they had been exposed to the sun’s hot rays for a long time. Length, (A) 0-92 x 0-72 inch, (B) 0°92 x 0°7 inch. No. 54. EryrHroconys cinctus (Red-kneed Dotterel). Erythrogonys cinctus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p, 155; id., Bds. Austr, fol., vol. VI, pl. 21 (1848) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., vol. IL. m 2nd series, p. 171 (1887); North, Nests and Eggs Austr. Bds., p. 307, pl. 16, fig. 5 (1889) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus,, vol. XXIV, p. 125 (1896). Two adult males and two females. Swamp at the rear of the. telegraph office, about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. The crown of the head of adult females is bronzy-brown, like the back, but it becomes darker as the birds get older, and very old females can hardly be distinguished from the male. This species is represented in the Australian Museum by numerous examples from all parts of the Continent, except Queensland. [These handsome little waders made their appearance at the swamps near the Fitzroy River immediately after the rainfall. They were found in small flocks, and frequently in company with the Marsh Sandpiper. | No. 55. TrRinGA acuminata (Marsh Tringa). Totanus acuminatus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. XIII, p. 192 (1821). 160 Scheniclus australis, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. VI., pl. 30: (1848); Sturt, Exped. Centr. Austr., vol. II., App., p. 50 1849). i acuminata, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. II., 2nd series, p. 171 (1887). Heteropygia acuminata, Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXIV., p. 566 (1896). An adult male and female in winter plumage, obtained at a small swamp immediately at the rear of the telegraph office, near the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. Examples are more frequently procured in Eastern Australia during October, November, and December. {The first pair of these birds was obtained near camp on Creek. The two birds were obtained on different days in August, and were the only ones seen until after the tropical rains fell.in January and February at the Fitzroy River, when they were seen wading in the shallow margins of the swamps. They display a peculiar habit of jerking up their tails whilst feeding or when about to fly. On disturbing small flocks of the Red-Kneed Dotterel (Hrythrogonys cinctus), a bird of this species was after observed to rise in company with them, as though one of the flock. | No. 56. GLAREOLA ORIENTALIS (Eastern Pratincole). Glareola orrentalis, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. XIII, p. 132, pl. XTIT (1820) ; Gould, Bds. Austr., fol., vol. VI., pl. 23. (1848) ; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXIV., p. 58 (1896). Four adult females, one adult male, two young males. Shot near the camp about five miles from the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret rivers. Recorded for the first time from North- West Australia. It is worthy of note that the late Mr. T. H. Bowyer-Bower obtained specimens of G. isabella (@. grallaria Temm.) in the same district. On the eastern coast G. orientalis, has been procured as far south as Botany, near Sydney. |The appearance of this bird is regarded by residents of North- West Australia as an indication of the approach of rain, and it is locally known as the ‘“ Little Storm-bird.” During January I noticed a flight of strange birds, which afterwards proved to be this Pratincole, about a-quarter of a mile from the telegraph station. I ran for my gun, but was surprised to see the birds rising from the ground like a continuous column of smoke and circling overhead until they spread out so as to almost obscure the sky. I was within one hundred yards of them when the last bird left the ground. After soaring and rising in the air they disappeared in a southerly direction. For about a month after- wards they were seen in large flocks nearly every day coming -—-, ¥ See ee eee lol from the West, and later in the evening returning in that direction. They came in a similar manner to a flight of Swifts, scattered over a wide area and circling or dashing along in pursuit of insects. Those shot had their gullets filled with beetles and grasshoppers. Owing to their tender skin [ found it difficult to obtain specimens. Although a number was shot those which fell any distance were ruined by striking the ground, as the con- cussion invariably knocked off large pieces of skin. The examples secured were shot whilst skimming over a swamp, from which they were retrieved by a little black urchin about eight years old. The natives were very indignant at my shooting these birds, and a deputation from the blacks’ camp explained for my edification that if I killed any more a big rain would come and never stop until it had washed everything away. Although I was responsible for the death of about a score of birds the deluge had not occurred in the district at the time of writing. Perhaps because | left. ] No, 57. NumeEnius minutus (Little Whimbrel). Numenius minutus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1840), p. 176; id. Bds. Austr., fol., vol. VI., pl. 44 (1848). Mesoscolopax, minutus, Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol. XXIV., p. 371 (1896). An adult male, shot in an open plain twenty miles south of Derby. This species breeds in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, and winters in Australia. During its stay here examples may be obtained in the same month in districts exhibiting the extremes of temperature. Specimens have been procured during March in the Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, at an alti- tude of 3,700 feet, also on the hot plains of the Northern Terri- tory of South Australia. {On the open plains, near Derby, these birds were often noticed. Their mode of flight against the wind closely resembles that of the domestic Pigeon. In alighting on the ground they immediately become very active in their search for food, which consists of insects, especially grasshoppers, and a few small seeds. |: No. 58. Trrponyx VENTRALIS (Black-tailed Rail). Gallinula ventralis, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1836), p. 85. Tribonyx ventralis, Gould, Bds. | 185 the brood had recently been hatched, were passed, and the chicks themselves noted during July. The nests were usually found in the open spinifex flats between the sandhills. Although no adult specimens were secured, the birds were often seen, and feathers obtained in places where the Emu had fallen a victim to either the natives or dingoes. No, 90. CHARIOTIS AUSTRALIS (Australian Bustard). During the early and Jatter parts of our journey these birds were seen in great numbers, but they avoid much of the desert. Near the Fitzroy River Mr. Ferris found a fresh egg on the 11th November, and several young birds were seen a few weeks later. On two occasions female birds with their single chicks were noticed walking to water, and on attempting to approach them we found the young ones suddenly disappear. In each case they had forced themselves into the hole formed by a horse’s hoof in the dry mud. Near Mount Campbell I counted eighteen bustards all in view at once. Whilst travelling near the Nerrima Creek, on Ist April, I bagged a brace of bustards, which were in capital condition, and must have weighed nearly 20 lb. each. One bird furnished four meals for three men and a dog, whilst the five natives in camp made two meals off the other. These birds were in heavy moult; but the fact that the grass- hoppers had been very plentiful no doubt accounted for their condition. No. 91. GEpicnemus GRALLARIUS (Southern Stone Plover). Several of these birds were seen on the stony ground near our camel depét during the monthof August. They were extremely shy, and difficult to approach. Although these birds are nocturnal in their habits, they commenced to run before I was within 150 yards of them, and defied all attempts to capture or shoot them. As we approached the Fitzroy River, before day- break of 6th November, the weird notes of the Southern Stone Plover were amongst the delightful music that greeted our ears, as it is well known that although this bird spends the day in the forest or open plain, it always resorts to water at night. No. 92. LopivaANELLUs mites (Masked Plover). Near the Fitzroy River many of these birds were seen, but when the rains fell they scattered to the numerous swamps which were then formed. Their habits are precisely similar to those of L. lobatus. Unfortunately the birds all disappeared before I had the opportunity of preserving specimens. I am indebted to Mr. Jas. Livingstone for a pair of eggs of this bird, which he obtained near the river. They were taken from a slight hollow in the ground, and were of a dull olive-yellow, heavily blotched with brownish-black markings. 186 No. 93. EupDROMIAS AUSTRALIS (Australian Dotterel), At the first lagoon we passed on approaching the Fitzroy River a number of these birds were seen running near the margin of the water. When alarmed, they rose quickly, their long pointed wings enabling them to travel a great distance in a very short time. Although on several occasions three or four birds were disturbed near together, each went off by itself, either on to the open plain or some other part of the lagoon. On our return along the course of the river to Derby they were frequently disturbed some distance from water. They were never seen in flocks. No. 94. AXGIALITIS MELANOPS (Black-fronted Dotterel). At all creeks or pools passed between Mullawa and the Fitzroy River this active little Dotterel was found, either singly or in pairs, running along the margin of the water in search of small aquatic insects. During August several young birds, just able to fly, were shot at the camel depdt, and one fresh egg was picked up beside a pool. On 7th November I found several pairs of newly-hatched young ones on the sandy bed of the Fitzroy River. Although probably not more than a day or two old, they ran very quickly for some distance before being caught. When ong was captured it invariably proved that the other had escaped during the chase. When newly hatched, the Black-fronted Dotterel is probably the most handsome of all Australian birds at that age. No. 95. AGIALITIS RUFICAPILLUS (Red-capped Dotterel). Large numbers of these birds were found at the fresh-water swamp near Lake Way. They congregated on the sandy margin in great flocks, and ran over the moist ground with surprising rapidity in search of food; but when their wants were satisfied they again assembled in groups, and remained in one position for over an hour, if undisturbed. No. 96. GLAREOLA ISABELLA (Australian Pratincole). Single examples of this species were frequently seen on the open plains within a few miles of Derby and at the swamps near the Fitzroy River. I was informed that they breed in con- siderable numbers on the stony rises near the Margaret River. No. 97. RECURVIROSTRA NOVH®-HOLLANDIE (Red-necked Avocet). This well-known wader was frequently observed in the shallow swamps near the Fitzroy River. Running amongst the weeds in the shallow swamp, the Avocet dexterously secures a supply of minute aquatic insects by the aid of its peculiar awl-like bill. They were often seen in company with the White-headed Stilts. 187 No. 98. HiMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHALUS (White-headed Stilt). At the large fresh water lagoon near Lake Way these birds were found in great numbers. On 14th July a few were shot for the pot, ard amongst those secured young birds predominated. After the rains fell in January large flocks of Stilts visited the pools along the Fitzroy River, where their peculiar croaking notes often betrayed their presence amongst the coarse grass tussocks growing in the water. When disturbed, their manner of extending their long legs behind whilst flying gave them a very grotesque appearance. No, 99. CLADORHYNCHUS PECTORALIS (Banded Stilt). Several of these birds visited the swamps near the Fitzroy River during our stay in that locality. They were observed feeding in company with Avocets and White-headed Stilts. No. 100. GALLINAGO AUSTRALIS (New Holland Snipe). During February a number of Snipe were seen along the course of the creek running from the telegraph station to the Fitzroy River, and also on many of the marshes formed by the heavy rain. ‘They were very wild, and frequently rose far out of range. 3 No. 101. Ruyncn#a Ausrra.is (Australian Rhyncheea). On 14th August a fine bird of this species was shot by Said Aimeer as it was wading in the shallow water of the creek at the camel depét. It proved to be a female, well developed, and would soon have laid. The peculiar formation of its trachea proved a matter of great interest to our Afghan, who was never tired of asking questions concerning it. No. 102. Gronricus sPINICOLLIS (Straw-necked Ibis). These birds were numerous along the course of the Fitzroy River, and they were found wading in many of the swamps on its margin. Occasionally large flocks were observed perched on the dead trees we passed. As an instance of the tenacity of life in the Ibis, I may mention that one shot by Mr. Wells flew nearly a quarter of a mile after a Winchester bullet had passed through its body in an oblique direction. No. 103. THRESKIORNIS STRICTIPENNIS (White Ibis). A few of these birds were seen at the lagoons near the Fitzroy River, but they were rare in comparison with the straw-necked species. No. 104, Pratipis FLAVIPES (Yellow-legged Spoonbill). Many of the lagoons on the southern side of the Fitzroy River are resorted to by the Spoonbill. They were also seen on the sandy flats of the river. 188 No. 105. Grus AUSTRALIANUS (Native Companion). These birds were generally met with in pairs until April, when they were seen in large flocks. They were found in the river bed and on the open plains, but seem to prefer the timbered country. Their loud notes often betrayed their presence some time before the birds themselves were seen. No. 106. XENORHYNCHUS AUSTRALIS (Australian Jabiru). These birds were observed on several occasious near the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, and one of their old nests on the latter stream was pointed out to me. It consisted of a large mass of sticks, and, viewed from beneath, somewhat resembled the nest of Aquila audax, though a trifle smaller. The natives occasionaily secure the young birds. No. 107. ArpEA paciFiIca (Pacific Heron). These birds were first noted soon after leaving Cue, and were afterwards found at all surface waters passed; but as soon as rain fell, they were seen in great numbers at the swamps near the Fitzroy River. Their strange habit of standing motionless in the swamps or on trees near the water, rendered their long white necks a marked feature in the locality. Their food consisted of water beetles, frogs, and small fresh-water snails. No. 108. ARDEA NOV#-HOLLANDI& (White-fronted Heron ) This well-known Heron was frequently met with during the early part of our journey, but they were more numerous in the vicinity of the Fitzroy River. Although generally found singly, they were occasionally seen in flocks, varying from three to a dozen. No. 109. Nycricorax caLEponicus (Nankeen Heron). In searching amongst the dense timber on the banks of the Fitzroy River, I disturbed many hundreds of these birds. Although nocturnal in their habits, they are very wary, and not easily surprised during the day. They breed in great numbers amongst the tall mangroves, and the young birds form an important item in the menu of the natives. No. 110. PorpHyrio BELLUs (Azure-breasted Porphyrio). Several of these birds were found near the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, where they were seen wading in the shallow swamps, or perched on trees growing in the water. Their habits are identical with those of the well-known Black- backed Porphyrio. — 189 No. 111. HyporNipIA PHILLIPPENSIS (Pectoral Rail). A few of these birds were flushed near the camel depét on Brockman Creek, and also near the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers. At the latter place two clutches of hard- set eggs were taken during February. No. 112. Furica austrA.is (Australian Coot). Large flocks of these birds were seen at the lagoons passed on the south side of the Fitzroy River. When disturbed, they simply flew a short distance, and settled on the water like a flock of ducks. No. 112. Heropias axpa (Australian Egret). These birds form a prominent feature in the avi-fauna of the vicinity of the Fitzroy River. Scarcely a lagoon or stretch of water in the river was passed without seeing one or more of these birds solemnly wading in the shallows in quest of prey, or sleeping on one leg. Although slow in its movements, the Egret is very shy, and considerable care is required to approach it within shot. A second species of White Egret, much smaller than the above, was seen, but at too great a distance to identify. No. 114. CeREoPsIs NOVH-HOLLANDIZ& (Cereopsis Goose). Several of these birds were observed flying from islands to the mainland, as the “ Australind” steamed down the west coast to the Australian Bight; and I was informed by Mr. T. Carter, a fellow-passenger, that they are occasionally shot near Carnarvon. No. 115. ANSERANAS MELANOLEUCA (Senipalmated Goose). A small flock of these birds was observed at a lagoon about 100 miles south-east of Derby. I was informed that they are more numerous further east. No. 116. CHLAMypocHEN suBata (Maned Goose). These birds were not by any means numerous, a few being seen near Lake Way, and a pair were shot ata fresh-water creek, near Lake Augusta. They were also found in small flocks at several lagoons along the course of the Fitzroy River. No. 117. Nerrapus PULCHELLUS (Pygmy Goose). Several flocks of these little Geese were seen on the south side of the Fitzroy River. They were very shy, and difficult to. approach. When disturbed, they arose quickly, and flew near the surface of the water, making a peculiar whistling noise all the time they were on the wing. I was informed that several of their nests are generally found near together, but they were not. breeding at the time of my visit. ) 190 No. 118. Casarca 'TADORNOIDES (Chestnut-coloured Sheldrake). Near Lake Way a pair of these Ducks passed our camp just out of range, and others were seen at three places near the Fitzroy River, either singly or in pairs. No. 119, DENpRocyena vaGcans (Whistling Duck). These birds were found in large flocks on the margin of the pools near the Fitzroy River. During the day they sleep under the shade of the bushes around the water, but at night travel out on to the open plains to feed. Whilst on the wing they keep up an incessant whistling noise, from which they derive their name. They deposit their eggs amongst the spinifex and cane- grass some distance from water. No. 120. DENDRocYGNA EYTONI (Eyton’s Tree Duck). The open plains near the Fitzroy River appear to be the strong- hold of this species. Whilst travelling at night near Noon- koombah we frequently disturbed them in thousands as they were feeding amongst the dry grass, probably on the seed. Towards morning they return to the water, and after a short bath repair to the shelter of the bushes on the margin. These birds lie so close together when sleeping that seven or eight are often secured at one discharge. On several occasions I killed birds of the two species (Hytoni and vagans) at the one shot. Both species breed very freely in the coarse grass near Mount Campbell, and the natives in that neighbourhood make sad havoc amongst their eggs. No. 121. ANAs supEeRcILiosa (Australian Wild Duck). A few pairs of these birds were found at most of the surface waters seen, At a large claypan east of Cue we saw old birds swimming with their young broods as early as June 29, and during August several immature birds were shot. In the neighbourhood of the Fitzroy River fresh eggs were taken during January and February, thus showing that the breeding season is largely influenced by the rainfall. On several occasions single birds of this species were seen flying in company with a flock of common Teal (Anas gibberifrons), and at one pool I shot one in company with Nyroca australis. Both birds were adults, and arrived at the water together. This habit of different species mingling together was noted on a much larger scale at some of the pools near the Fitzroy River. No. 122. ANas GiBBERIFRONS (Slender Teal), Until reaching the Fitzroy River this Teal proved to be by far the most plentiful species of Duck. They were found at all claypans and creeks passed, and frequently proved an acceptable 191 adjunct to our larder. On several occasions flocks comprised of about equal proportions of Teal and White-eyed Ducks were seen swimming or flying together. On our arrival at the camel depdét on August 10 I killed a young bird of each species at the one shot. They were unable to fly, and were the only birds on the creek at the time. Fresh eggs of the Teal were taken from hollow trees at the Fitzroy River during January and February. No. 123. MaLAcoORHYNCHUS MEMBRANACEUS (Pink-eared Duck). A few of these birds were seen on a swamp near the telegraph station on the Fitzroy River during February, but they are not plentiful in any known part of West Australia. No. 124. Nyroca ausTRALIS (White-eyed Duck). These birds were found scattered all over West Australia . wherever fresh-water pools existed. Near Lake Way and the Fitzroy River they were particularly numerous, and many were shot for food. They were generally seen in flocks, but occasionally singly or in pairs. Owing to the density of their plumage, rapid flight, and dexterity in diving, they tax the skill of the sportsman in pursuit of them. The Wyroca is often found in company with Ducks of other species, particularly Teal. No. 125. Popiceps crisratus (Australian Tippet Grebe). Several birds of this species were seen at the Fitzroy River and also at some of the large claypans passed near Lake Way. No. 126. Popicrrs nestor (Hoary-headed Grebe). On a large claypan about 20 miles east of Cue adult and young birds of this species were noted on June 29th. Others were afterwards observed on several pools near the Fitzroy River. No. 127, Popicers Nov® HOLLANDI& (Black-throated Grebe). A few isolated birds had been previously noted, but large numbers of them were see near Lake Way, and at the depét Mr. L. A. Wells killed one on firing into a flock of Teal. These Grebes were also found at many of the swamps formed by the heavy rains near the Fitzroy River. No. 128. HyprocHELIDOoN HYBRIDA (Marsh Tern), On November 6th we found several birds of this species at a large lagoon near the Fitzroy River, but after the tropical rains they became more numerous, and were seen at the swamps along the course of the river until within a few miles of Derby. 192 No. 129. SrerNA AneLica (Long-legged Tern). Several flocks of these Terns passed over our camp at the Fitzroy River, and I was informed that they were plentiful at several large swamps between the river and the Barrier Range. They were seen during April at a swamp within six miles of Derby. No. 130. GracuLUs sTICTOCEPHALUS (Little Black Cormorant). Although not by any means so numerous as the preceding species, these birds are found under similar conditions in the same locality. No. 131. GracuLtus MELANOLEUCUS (Little Black and White Cormorant). It is impossible to walk 100 yards amongst the dense timber on the margin of the Fitzroy River without disturbing numbers of these birds. After satisfying their hunger in the early morning, they resort to the shelter of the foliage of the Leichardt Pines and mangroves, where they remain motionless for hours. In many places the ground is perfectly white with their droppings. No. 132. GRACULUS NOVH HOLLANDI& (Black Cormorant). Several birds believed to belong to this species were seen in the distance ; but the first to come within shot was obtained at the camel depdt, where it came into the creek in quest of frogs, which were numerous there. These Cormorants were afterwards seen at the Fitzroy River. No, 133. PrLicanus consPiciLLatus (Australian Pelican). Along the course of the Fitzroy River large flocks of these birds are found. During the day they may be seen standing in groups on the sandy flats perfectly motionless, in such a manner as to suggest the idea of a small graveyard in the distance. They are so sluggish that the natives frequently kill them with their waddies, which they throw with surprising accuracy of aim. ee | : 193 A NOTE ON THE NEST AND EGGS OF PORZANA FLUMINEA., By A. M. Moreay, M.D. As the eggs of this bird are rare in collections, and as I am unable to find a description of them in any scientific writings, I take this opportunity of describing a clutch sent to me by Mr. Malcolm Murray, of Wirrabara. Mr. Murray writes :—‘“ The Crake’s nest was composed of grass, dry and green intermixed, placed above water level, in a bush growing in the water of a lake or swamp near Farina, on Myrtle Spring’s Run.” The eggs are five in number, and were taken on August 18, 1898. The ground colour is of a light olive-brown, with dark reddish-brown spots, more plentiful at the larger end, but not forming a distinct ring, some of the marking appear as if beneath the surface. At the larger end there are, in each egg, a few round almost black spots. Measurements :—(A) 14 in. x 42 in,, (B) 14 in. x 43 in, (C) 1,3, in. x 34 in., (D) 1,5, in. x 43 in., (E) 1} in. x32 in. The eggs were accompanied by the bird shot from the nest. 194 ON DEEP-SEATED EOCENE STRATA IN THE CROYDON AND OTHER BORES. By Proressor Raupx Tarte. [Read September 6, 1898. ] I. Croypon Bore (No. 2). In the Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., XITI., p. 188, 1890, I have given an account of the strata passed through in the Croydon- bore, which attained a depth of 800 feet below the surface. Therein the chief point of interest was the recognition of the Pliocene beds of the Dry Creek-bore, the fossiliferous develop- ment of which extended from 395 to 605 feet. At the time of the publication of my paper the boring was abandoned; _ sub- sequently a second bore-hole was commenced alongside the first, and was finally abandoned, 17/6/93, after attaining a depth of 2,296 feet. The geological conditions revealed in the additional 1,496 feet have not yet been described ; though the Conservator of Water has furnished details of thickness and description of strata to accompany the Engineer-in-Chief’s report for the year ending June 30, 1893. Mr. Jones has obligingly placed to my use, for the present object, all the bore material preserved in his department. OLDER PLIOCENE. At from 470-475 in the Croydon-bores (No. 1 and No. 2) the assemblage of fossils was the same as in the Dry Creek-bore at about 400 feet, though the actual number of species was relatively small. Fossils were again met with at 603-606 and at 705-715; the assemblage consisting of the larger species, which also occur at the highest level in the Croydon and Dry Creek-bores, and if viewed by themselves would have been pronounced Miocene. However, as they occur in association with an undoubted Pliocene fauna, they must be regarded as survivals from Miocene times. 195 _ A jlist of the determined species from the lowest levels is as follows :— 603-60 feet. 705-715 feet. Lampusia armata... ok — Natica balteatella ye —~ Spondylus arenicola fe * Pectunculus convexus -— Cucullzea Corioensis . Crassatella oblonga = Divaricella Cumingi — i Chione Cainozoica 7 - Hemimactra Howchiniana . * Corbula ephamilla = * Below the depth of 715 feet no fossils appear till 778 feet, but the nature of the fossils there encountered do not permit of a decisive determination as to age, and this also applies to other occurrences. It is not until the fossiliferous bed at 970-1,0U0 feet is reached that undoubted evidence of Eocene age is forthcoming, which continues to 1,681 feet, the greatest depth yielding fossils. kK KK KK Hh HK H Eocene. 763—808. Calcareous silt, with much polyzoal debris, chiefly Celleporze at 778 feet. 810—880. Fine yellow sands (polyzoal and echinodermal debris at 820—835). 880—928. Fine yellow’ calciferous sands (polyzoal and echinodermal debris at 905—910). 928—931. Yellow sandy clay with fragments of Hupatagus sp. 931—-970. Fine yellow calciferous sand. 970—980. Fine yellow’ calciferous sand; polyzoal and echinodermal debris, /ibularia gregata abundant. 1,060—1,090 Calciferous sandstone with some _ glauconitic coloration. Pecten sp. and polyzoa at 1,085. 1,126. Calcareous sand with shell-debris; grey and_ bluish calciferous sandstone, more or less chalcedonic, and sand-rock. Corbula py«xidata. 1,200—1,230. Calcareous sand-rock. 1,282. Bluish friable calcareous sand-rock with sheli-debris chiefly echinodermal and polyzoal). Magasella lunata. 1,376. Bituminous clay and black sand. Turritella Aldinge. 1,681. Bituminous shale; casts of Gasteropods in chalcedony, calcite, and iron-pyrites, some shell-matter. Turritella Aldinge, Mesalia stylacris, Fibularia greyata, Cellepora. 2,155. Brownish sandy clay. No fossils. 196 2,175. Brownish sandy clay with included fragments of fine- grained sandstone. No fossils. 2,262—2,296. ‘‘Fragments of sandstone, chloritic slate, and limestone of primary age.” Government Geologist. List or Eocene Fossiis From the Croydon-bore (No. 2) at various depths between 970 and 1,681. Turritella Aldingz, Z'ate. Mesalia stylacris, T'ate. Dentalium Mantelli, Z7zttel. Dentalium subfissura, Zate. Dimya dissimilis, Z’ate. Lima Bassi, 7. Woods. Pecten Eyrei, Z'ate. Pecten Flindersi, 7'ate. Pecten Hochstetteri, 72ttel. Terebratulina catinuliformis, Z'ate. Magasella lunata, 2. sp. Magellania Garibaldiana, Davidson. Fibularia gregata, J'ate. Scutella marsupiata, n. sp. Kchinolampas Murrayanus, Lambe. Pentacrinus and Antedon, spp. Graphularia senescens, Tate. Report by the SUMMARY OF STRATA IN Croypon-Bore (No. 2). Mammaliferous Drift 4e Older Pliocene (marine), 395—715 Eocene ? (marine), 715 — 760=45 Eocene (marine), 760 — 1,681 = 921 Eocene (unfossiliferous), 1,681 — 2,262 = 581 Thickness. 395 320 1,547 2,262 General kemarks :—The sequence of deposits in the Croydon- bore compared with that as illustrated in the Kent Town-bore and immediate vicinity* reveals several disparities, when it is remembered that a distance of only about four miles separate the two areas. The disparities between them are :—In the Croydon-bore, 320 feet of Marine Pliocene, absence of typical Miocene, a thousand feet of sandy beds with a paucity of Eocene marine fossils. In the Kent Town section, no marine Pliocene, a typical develop *Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8S. Aust., v., p. 40. 1883. 197 ment of Miocene, 149 feet of argillaceous and calcareous strata containing a typical Eocene molluscan fauna, and an infra-Eocene series of more or less carbonaceous beds 142 feet thick. Professor David and Mr. Howchin* have sought to explain the stratigraphical relationships of these two dissimilar series of beds by the introduction of a north und south fault, ranging along the buried scarped front of the Archean rocks, on which the Eocene and Miocene of the Adelaide plateau repose. This conjecture disregards the probability that physical conditions of varying character may have been the contributing cause of the lithological and organical disparities. If the position of the Eocene in the Croydon-bore be due toa downthrow fault, then it might be reasonably expected that the very distinctive Eocene series of the Kent Town-bore would be repeated in the Croydon-bore ; but as such is not the case, I am of opinion that there is no direct evidence of a fault, and that the Kent Town series belong toa later period, and are more littoral in their organic contents. The series of events that these sections teach us may be sum- marised as follows :—The Post-Cretaceous sea laved the base of the now subterranean escarpment of over 2,000 feet in vertical height, and at that measure the land stood relatively higher. Deposition and depression were synchronous over the submerged plain ; coincident therewith, wholly or in part, lacustrine and paludinal accumulations, preserved in the carboncceous beds of the Kent Town-bore, were formed on the higher ground. Finally depression submerged the terrestrial surfaces at Kent Town, and a more littoral life prevailed there in comparison with the earlier Eocene deposits. The Miocene deposition followed, succeeded by the extensive denudation of the Miocene and higher levels of the Eocene, and the removal of about 800 feet of the Eocene series, constituting the Adelaide Plain. Over this plain of marine denudation, Pliocene marine beds were accumulated, these of a more or less shallow-water origin, and over an area of depression; finally to be converted into a vast lacustrine area, in which land- drifts of about 400 feet have been accumulated. II. Tin tinara Bore. Eocene-sands at a depth of 244-253 have yielded on the examination of further material the following list of species, which indicate a correlation to the lower series of the Aldingian beds, those in common marked with an asterisk. *Marginella sub-Wentworthi *Drillia, sp. *P.L.S., N.S. Wales, xxi., tab. xl., fig. 1. 198 *Mesalia stylacris *Natica Aldingensis *Turritella Aldingze Cyclostrema, sp. Calliostoma, sp. * Actzeon evanescens Bullinella, sp. aff. cuneopsis *Cylichnella callosa *Dentalium Mantelli Cadulus, sp. *Lima Bassi *Nucula Tenisoni *Nuculana planiuscula *Nuculana Huttoni *Nuculana leptorhyncha *Nuculana apiculata Barbatia, n. sp., aff. equidens * Limopsis insolita Verticordia n. sp. *Cardita lattissima *Carditella lamellata *Carditella rugosa Carditella, n. sp. Trigonia semiundulata ? *Chione Cainozoica *Meretrix tenuis *Tellina porrecta Tellina, n. sp. *Myodora lamellata *Corbula pyxidata *Terebratulina catinuliformis Magasella, sp. Ditrupa, sp. III. Revisep List or Fosstts From K1-K1i Bore. Eocene sands at a depth of 380-424 feet. (Supplementary to Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1896, p. 115). *Trophon hypsellus *Tritonidea, aff. apicilirata *Marginella submicula * Ancillaria ligata *Clathurella apicilirata, n. sp. *Trivia ovulatella *Scalaria Maric *Turritella Aldingee *Ataxocerithium concatenatum 199 Newtoniella, 5 spp. Triforis, spp. *Triforis, sp. *Eulima, sp. Turbonilla, sp. Siliquaria occlusa ? Rissoia, 3 spp. Strebloramphus, ». sp. Liotia Roblini Leptothyra parvula Leptothyra, sp. Phasianella, sp. *Calliostoma, sp. *Euchelus, sp. Patella, sp. Puncturella psila, 2. sp. *Dentalium Mantelli *Arca pseudonavicularis Arca, sp. *Limopsis multiradiata Carditella, 2.sp., as at Tintanara *Crassatella communis, var *Chione Cainozoica *Meretrix tenuis *Terebratulina Scoulari ? Polyzoa, many spp. Pentacrinius, sp. Cidaris, sp. Balanus, sp, *Amphelia striata DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA FROM QUEENSLAND. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D. [Read October 4, 1898. ] PLUTELLID Ai. I deal here only with the forms generally known as Hypono- mentide and Glyphipterygide, which are included with the Plutellide by Mr. Meyrick in his recent work on British Lepidoptera. But few species are as yet known from this part of Australia, and I have but small addition to make to our knowledge. The genus Glyphipteryx, in particular, is much better represented in the southern part of the Continent. Hyponomenta, Latreille. I have two species referable to this genus, a definition of which may be found in Mr. Meyrick’s work mentioned above. One with grey forewings bears the manuscript name of H. pawrocentera, Meyr., the second I describe as new. HYPONOMENTA PAUROCENTERA, Jeyr. (MS.). Brisbane and Warwick, Queensland. HYPONOMENTA MYRIOSEMA, 72. Sp. Male, 22-28 mm. Head white. Palpi white; apex of second and middle of terminal joint annulated with black. Antenne white, becoming dark-grey towards apex. Thorax white, with two black dots before middle and one at posterior apex ; patagia white, with a small black dot on anterior margin. Abdomen dark-fuscous ; apices of segments and tuft white. Legs white, with black annulations round apices of tarsal joints and tibiee ; anterior femora and tibiz black on internal surface; black dots on middle and base of external surface of anterior and middle tibie ; and on apex of middle femora. Forewings elongate slightly dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin straight, slightly oblique; snow-white, with numerous black dots ; one at base; six on basal two-fifths of costa; three to five beneath, but not on apical portion of costa ; two rows in disc beneath centre of four to six each, that over anal angle slightly larger; two to five along hindmargin, some- times partly fused ;-cilia snow-white, sometimes partly fuscous 201 on centre of hindmargin. Hindwings pale-grey, towards base whitish ; cilia white, sometimes grey around apex. Brisbane ; ; three specimens, one of which was taken in August, the others undated. Atreva, Walker. British Mus. Cat., IT., 526. This genus has not yet been properly defined. It may be dis- tinguished from Hyponomenta by the presence of vein 4 in hind- wings. Walker’s name can only be adopted by courtesy. I have not been able to refer to Zeller’s definition of his genus Oeta. ATTEVA NIVEIGUTTELLA, Walk. Brit. Mus. Cat., II., 526. This and the following are handsome insects, the forewings being orange-fuscous, with numerous white spots. In the present species the apical half of hindwings is dark-grey, in the following the hindwings are orange. Brisbane ; also from India. ATTEVA IMPARIGUTTELLA, Z. Oceta impariguttella, Zeller, Hore Ent. Soc. Ross.. XIIL., 224. Atteva impariguttella, Moore, Lepid. Ceylon. Plate. Brisbane and Cookstown, Queensland ; also from Ceylon. POLYNESA, 7. g. Head smooth. Tongue well-developed. Antenne three- fourths, in male filiform, moderately ciliated (one to one-half) ; basal joint without pecten. Labial palpi moderate, curved, ascending, second joint with appressed scales, terminal joint almost as long as second, rather stout, acute. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Forewings vein 2 from three-fourths, 6 and 7 stalked, 7 to hindmargin, 11 from middle. Hindwings: ovate, broader than forewings, cilia one-third, veins 2 and 4 stalked, 5 present, 6 and 7 approximated at base. Posterior tibize smooth- scaled. POLYNESA MACULOSA, 7.sp. Male, 16 mm. Head white. Palpi white, base of second and apex of terminal joint dark-fuscous. Antenne white, annulated with fuscous. Thorax white, with a black dot on base of each patagium. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs white; anterior and middle pair broadly annulated with dark-fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white, with many large black dots, three at base, four on costa, three in a line above middle of disc, one in disc beneath the last of these, two on fold, one on inner-margin at three-fifths, three near and parallel to hind- 202 margin, the lowest touching it; a few black scales on hind- margin ; cilia white, on apex and opposite last dot black, and with three black dots between these two. Hindwings whitish ; cilia whitish, with a fuscous dot at apex, and traces of a medium fuscous line. Brisbane ; one specimen. Hyperrropua, Meyrick. HYPERTROPHA TORTRICIFORMIS, G7. Brisbane, Queensland ; also from Ballandean, Queensland, and Tenterfield, New South Wales, in February. HYPERTROPHA AMETALLA, 7. Sp. Male, 17 mm. Head, face, and palpi dark-fuscous, irrorated with whitish scales. Antenne dark-fuscous, towards base obscurely annulated with whitish. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous, irrorated with dark- fuscous, tarsi annulated with fuscous ; posterior tibie yellowish. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex pointed, hindmargin markedly sinuate, slightly oblique ; fuscous, irrorated with whitish, reddish-fuscous, and blackish scales ; an obscure outwardly curved transverse blackish line from costa at one-third, not reaching inner-margin ; indi- cations of two fainter similar lines between this and base, and of five very faint parallel lines from costa beyond one-third, all lost in disc ; an ill-defined blackish spot in costal portion of disc beyond middle; cilia fuscous, with metallic lustre; traces of metallic lustre are also visible in parts of disc by oblique light, and tend to form lines. Hindwings pale-yellow, with a broad fuscous line along hind- and inner-margins ; cilia fuscous. Closely allied to the preceding, but different, especially in the scanty development of metallic markings. Armidale (3,500 ft.), New South Wales ; one specimen. Sim=rHis, Leach, Besides those given below, Mr. Lower. has described two species from Queensland (Proc. Roy. Soc. 8.A., 1896, p. 167). SIMETHIS SYCOPOLA, Meyr. Brisbane. SIMATHIS METALLICA, 7. sp. Female, 11 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen _ fuscous, irrorated with dull orange scales. Palpi ochreous, annulated with fuscous. Antenne fuscous with whitish annulations. Legs ochreous-whitish, with fuscous annulations. Forewings strongly dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin 203 oblique, slightly sinuate; dark-fuscous irrorated with dull orange-ochreous , a transverse, slightly wavy, bluish-metallic line from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-third ; an irregularly curved bluish-metallic line from costa at three-fifths obliquely outwards, decribing a U curve in apical part of disc, and joining a short outwardly oblique similarly coloured line in middle of disc at five-sixths ; a straight erect metallic line from inner-margin at two-thirds not reaching middle of disc; around this line is a dark-fuscous blotch ; several fuscous and ochreous- orange areas in disc; cilia fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings dark-fuscous ; disc irregularly blotched and irrorated with dull- orange ; cilia fuscous, with a pale basal line, and whitish apices. Brisbane ; one specimen. CuHorEnNtTIS, Hiibner. Chorentis bjerkandrella, Thunberg. Brisbane ; sometimes abundant. Kupsevia, Meyrick. EUPSELIA CARPOCAPSELLA, Walk. Brisbane ; two specimens in September. EUPSELIA BEATELLA, [Walk. Female, 14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, finely irrorated with whitish scales. Antenne fuscous. Abdomen ~ dark-fuscous, irrorated with yellow scales, forming obscure annula- tions. Legs pale-fuscous, reddish-tinged ; posterior pair yellowish. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated ; costa gently arched ; apex rounded ; hindmargin obliquely rounded ; fuscous irrorated with whitish scales, which tend to be arranged in transverse lines ; the absence of these leaves a fuscous blotch on middle of inner- margin, sharply defined anteriorly, suffused posteriorly ; a much larger, more ill-defined blotch, roundish, reaching from costa at three-fourths to anal angle; between the two blotches three incomplete fine transverse metallic lines are visible on oblique illumination ; two small metallic spots between second blotch and apex ; four or five black dots on lower half of hindmargin ; cilia fuscous with a metallic basal line. Hindwings deep yellow, with a broad dark-fuscous hindmarginal band, produced along inner- margin to base ; cilia fuscous with paler basal and median lines. I have redescribed this species, Walker’s description being insufficient and inaccurate. Unfortunately Meyrick was misled thereby into describing Z. carpocapsella as this species (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. V., p. 219). This is rectified in an appendix (ibid., vol VII., p. 184). From £. carpocapsella it is distinguishable by the absence of transverse lines from costa, the 204 inner-marginal blotch is common to both. In the former the hindmarginal band of the hindwings is also much thicker at the apex. Brisbane ; one specimen in April. EUPSELIA SATRAPELLA, Meyr. Brisbane, in September ; Ballandean, Queensland, in February. EUPSELIA THEORELLA, J/eyr. Brisbane ; two specimens in September. HKUPSELIA MELANOSTREPTA, Meyr. Oxenford, near Brisbane ; one specimen in November. Tenter- field (3,090 feet), New South Wales ; one specimen in Februar y EUPSELIA ANOMMATA, 2. 8p. Female, 14 mm. Head, face, and palpi ochreous-whitish. Antenne pale-fuscous with blackish annulations. Thorax dark- purple fuscous, with a conspicuous anterior and posterior ochreous- whitish spot. Ahdomen fuscous, tuft ochreous-tinged. Legs fuscous, posterior pair ochreous. F'orewings moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; purple-fuscous, with violet metallic lustre; a whitish blotch on inner-margin from one-fifth to three-fifths, not quite reaching costa ; a narrow whitish fascia from costa at two-thirds, two before anal angle, constricted in disc ; cilia dark-fuscous with a pale basal line, and pale apices. Hindwings fuscous, ochreous-tinged, especially towards base ; cilia fuscous with a pale basal line. This handsome species differs from other members of the genus in the absence of hindmarginal dots. Brisbane ; one specimen in September. GLYPHIPTERYX, Hiibner. GLYPHIPTERYX ATRISTRIELLA, Z. Zeller, Hor., Ross. (1877), p. 398, Meyr., le, p. 229. Glyphipteryx chrysolithella, Meyr., |.c., p. 230. There can, I think, be little doubt of the identity of these two species. Brisbane specimens agree closely with specimens from Blackheath, New South Wales, having the hindwings golden- yellow, with broad blackish hindmarginal band. This constitutes the variety chrysolithella. On the other hand I have received a South Australian specimen from Mr. Lower in which the forewings are essentially similar, but the hindwings are fuscous, towards base mixed with yellowish, as in Zeller’s description of his type, which was from Tasmania. —— 205 GLYPHIPTERYX IOMETALLA, Jeyr. Brisbane ; very abundant in grassy places from August to October, flying near the ground and difficult to see. GLYPHIPTERYX METEORA, Meyr. Brisbane. GLYPHIPTERYX CHRYSOPLANETIS, Meyr. Brisbane and Ballandean, Queensland. GLYPHIPTERYX PALHOMORPHA, Meyr. Recorded from Brisbane by Meyrick. (ECOPHORID 4. At some future date I hope to publish a revision of this family. The present instalment is confined mainly to descrip- tions of new species. AGLAODES, 7. g. Head with appressed scales, sidetufts small. Antenne, basal joints moderate, without pecten (?); ciliations in male (unknown). Palpi long; second joint very long, much exceeding base of antennz, with appressed scales slightly dilated at apex ; terminal joint short (one-third of second), slender, acute. Thorax with a small posterior crest (7). Forewings with costa strongly arched. Hindwings narrower than forewings and much shorter, ovate ; cilia two-thirds. Anterior tibiw clothed with long hairs. Forewings with vein 7 to apex. Hindwings normal. Although the generic characters cannot be fully determined from the single female specimen, its distinctness can hardly be doubted. The palpi and shape of wings are peculiar. It appears , to come nearest EHpipyrga, Meyr. AGLAODES CHIONOMA, Nn. sp. Female, 11 mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish ; second joint tinged with reddish externally towards apex. Thorax (rubbed). Abdomen ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior tibie with long reddish hairs, anterior tarsi reddish. Forewings strongly dilated posteriorly, costa strongly arched, apex obtusely rectangular, hindmargin slightly oblique, straight ; fuscous irrorated with whitish and bright-red scales ; a broad snow-white streak along basal third of costa ; a red blotch on inner-margin before middle, containing a central yellow spot ; a narrow red line along costa from one-third to two-thirds, thence in a strongly arched line to hindmargin above anal angle; beyond this, apical portion of dise is bright-yellow ; cilia yellow, at anal angle fuscous, with a r 206 few red scales. Hindwings much shorter than forewings, apex very obtusely rounded ; grey; cilia grey. ™ This little moth is surpassed by none in its gaudy colouring, the contrast of bright-red, bright-yellow, and snow-white, on a fuscous background, being most striking. Brisbane ; one specimen, in February. EULECHRIA SILVICOLA, 1. sp. Male and female, 11-13 mm. Head, face, and palpi pale- brownish-ochreous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax and abdomen pale-brownish-ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings oblong, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; pale-brownish-ochreous ; a minute fuscous dot in disc at one-third ; .a larger dot in disc at two-thirds, prolonged by a transverse fuscous suffusion to before anal angle ; some fuscous scales in apical portion of disc, with traces of an outwardly curved line from costa to four-fifths to anal angle often obsolete ; cilia pale-brownish-ochreous. Hind- wings and cilia pale-grey. This small and inconspicuous species belongs to the group of £. convictella, from which it is distinguished by the absence of second discal dot, and the transverse mark formed by union of posterior dot with inner-margin. Mount Tambourine, near Brisbane; six specimens in November among dense tropical forest. I sent one to Mr. Meyrick, who pronounced it new. KULECHRIA CONCOLOR, 7%. sp. Male and female, 17-19 mm. Head, face, thorax, and abdomen pale-ochreous-brown. Palpi ochreous-brown, apex of terminal joint fuscous, external aspect of second joint sometimes fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, not dilated ; costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hiudmargin very obliquely rounded; _pale-ochreous- brown, without markings; costal edge at base fuscous; cilia pale-ochreous-brown. Hindwings ochreous-brown, very slightly darker than forewings ; cilia ochreous-brownish. In Meyrick’s tabulation this would come next to Z. alopecistis, being distinguished by the absence of reddish tinge. Common at Ballandean, Queensland, in February. I sent specimens to Mr. Meyrick, who pronounced it new. KULECHRIA CANDIDA, 7”. sp. Male and female, 17-23 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi fuscous ; second joint white posteriorly and at apex. Abdomen fuscous, apices of segments whitish, tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs 207 whitish, anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hind- margin very obliquely rounded ; white without markings ; cilia white. Hindwings pale or dark-grey; cilia whitish with a faintly-marked grey basal line. (Cilia about half.) Variety. Forewings, head, and thorax suffused with greyish. In Meyrick’s tabulation this falls under the same heading as E. cycnoptera (Meyr.); but Mr. Meyrick informs me that it is not this species, from which it differs by broader hindwings (in cycnoptera these hardly equal cilia), longer palpi, and larger size. Ballandean (2,500 ft.), Queensland ; Tenterfield (3,000 ft.), and Armidale (3,500 ft.), New South Wales; taken commonly in February. EULECHRIA CHRYSERES, ?. Sp. Male, 15 mm. UHead blackish ; sidetufts and face orange. Palpi orange ; second joint with a few blackish scales ; terminal joint wholly black. Antenne blackish, annulated with ochreous ; basa] joint orange, with a few black scales. Thorax orange ; anterior margin and a posterior dot blackish. Abdomen dark- fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous, annulated with ochreous. Fore- wings narrow; costa slightly arched; apex rounded; _hind- margin extremely oblique; scarcely rounded ; bright-orange with black markings; costal edge black, except for short spaces at two-fifths and four-fifths; inner-margin black throughout; a basal patch not touching costa, extending to middle of inner- margin ; a transverse fascia from costa at three-fifths to inner- margin before anal angle ; dilated on both margins, and connected in dise with basal patch ; a broad band along apex and _ hind- margin, with a few orange scales at apex; cilia black Hind- wings and cilia grey. Very distinct. In Meyrick’s tabulation it falls under the same heading as £. malacoptera, Meyr., and £. beliodora, Meyr., being distinguished from both by the black markings. Sandgate, near Brisbane; one specimen on a tree-trunk in July. EULECHRIA DIAPHANES, 7%. sp. Male, 14 mm. Head and thorax pale-yellowish, irrorated with dark-fuscous scales. Palpi pale-yellowish ; second joint irrorated with dark-fuscous ; terminal joint with a broad median dark- fuscous ring. Antenne pale-yellowish, annulated with dark- fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, irrorated and annulated with fuscous. Forewings moderate, scarcely dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin oblique, slightly rounded in lower half; whitish, faintly yellow-tinged, very distinctly yellowish along costa ; 208 rather thickly irrorated with dark-fuscous scales ; the absence of these leaves a whitish dot in disc above middle at one-third, and a second before two-thirds ; also an inwardly oblique triangular mark on costa at four-fifths, from which a curved line proceeds to anal angle ; cilia whitish, yellowish-tinged, with a few scattered dark-fuscous scales. Hindwings whitish, thinly scaled, semi- transparent ; a few pale-fuscous scales at apex and along hind- margin ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Very distinct from any other species hy the yellowish fore- wings with fuscous irroration, and the semi-transparent hind- wings. Mount Tambourine, near Brisbane, one specimen in November. LINOSTICHA POLIOCHROA, n. sp. Male and female, 12-13 mm. Head white, finely irrorated with fuscous. Palpi white ; second joint fuscous at base, and with a fuscous subapical ring; terminal joint with a fuscous basal and subapical ring. Antenne pale-fuscous ; ciliations in male 3. Thorax white, finely irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish. Forewings narrow, elongate, costa almost straight, apex round-pointed ; hindmargin very obliquely rounded, white, finely irrorated with fuscous, and with darker-fuscous dots ; a raised patch of scales in middle of disc at one-third and two-thirds, with a dark-fuscous dot beyond each ; a third dot on fold obliquely below first; a fourth on inner- margin before anal angle ; traces of short lines from base of costa along fold, and from costa at one-third to first dot; a dot on costa at one-half, and another at two-thirds ; from the latter is a series of five or six dots parallel to hindmargin ; cilia white, with a few fuscous scales. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey. In Meyrick’s tabulation this would fall next to L. helictis, Meyr., distinguished by absence of inner-marginal blotch. It is, however, a much smaller insect, more resembling L. anarcha, Meyr., but without ochreous tinge. The raised scales are a peculiar character. Mount Tambourine ; two specimens in November. PHILOBOTA RHODOPLEURA, 7. Sp. Male, 21-22 mm. Head grey. Palpi grey; middle third of second joint, base, and apex of terminal joint dark-fuscous. — Antenne grey. Thorax and abdomen grey. Legs grey ; anterior tarsi dark-fuscous, annulated with whitish ; posterior tibie and tarsi whitish. Forewings moderate, oblong, costa moderately arched, apex obtusely rectangular, hindmargin slightly oblique, rounded beneath ; grey; costal edge blackish at base, thence —- — 209 pale-rosy to four-fifths ; a blackish dot in disc at one-third, a second before two-thirds, a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; a few scattered blackish scales in disc; a partially obsolete blackish line from costa beyond middle, sharply angulated in dise at five-sixths, and continued thence to anal angle; a row of blackish dots along apical one-fifth of costa and hindmargin; cilia grey. Hindwings grey, slightly infuscated in apical portion ; cilia grey. This species has all the appearance of Heliocausta, but the presence of a pecten removes it from that genus. Among the described forms of Philobota it is conspicuously distinct in the uniform grey-colouring, with pink-costal edge of forewings. Brisbane ; two specimens. Also one specimen at Stradbrooke Island in October. PHILOBOTA MELICHRODES, 7. sp. Male and female, 15-16 mm. Head whitish-grey, without yellow tinge. Palpi fuscous; second joint pale - yellowish internally, second and terminal joints whitish posteriorly. Antenne fuscous. Thorax pale-whitish-yellow. Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings pale- whitish-yellow without markings; extreme base of costal edge fuscous ; cilia grey, on costa whitish-yellow. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey. Near P. melirrhoa, Meyr., but distinguished by the grey head and abdomen. Brisbane ; two specimens taken in October. PHILOBOTA COSMIA, 7”. sp. Female, 18mm. Head white. Palpi white; basal third of second joint dark-fuscous. Antenne dark-fuscous, sharply annulated with whitish. Thorax dark-fuscous; centre of anterior ’ margin and a posterior dot white. Abdomen dark-fuscous. Legs ochreous; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin nearly straight ; oblique ; white, markings fuscous, ferrugineous- tinged ; a narrow basal fascia; a streak along costa to middle; a broad transverse fascia before middle ; a third fascia from costa at two-thirds to anal angle, broad in disc, and containing a few white scales; a narrow band along apex and hindmargin, not reaching anal angle; cilia dark-fuscous, on costa and middle of hindmargin ochreous-whitish. Hindwings fuscous; cilia fuscous, with a paler basal line. In Meyrick’s tabulation falls with P. lysizona and P. pruinosa, from which it is readily distinguishable by the transverse fasciz. Brisbane ; one specimen in October ; and I have seen others of both sexes, 210 PHILOBOTA SORORIA, 7”. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white, base of second joint dark-fuscous. Antenne blackish. Thorax dark- fuscous, middle of anterior margin broadly white. Abdomen grey. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair infuscated. Forewings somewhat dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin nearly straight, oblique ; white, the greater part of disc suffused or irrorated with fuscous; a fuscous streak along basal third of costa, its anterior extremity prolonged to inner- margin; on inner-margin near base is a large roundish snow- white blotch ; some irregular white areas on costa, inner, and hindmargin ; two discal dots faintly indicated ; cilia dark-fuscous, at apex and above anal angle whitish. Hindwings aud cilia grey. The male is not known, but it appears closely allied to the preceding, the fascize being lost in a general fuscous suffusion. It is certainly distinct. Brisbane ; one specimen. PELTOPHORA IDIOCOSMA, 7. sp. Male, 19 mm. Head (rubbed), palpi, and antennz ochreous- whitish. Thorax pale-ochreous-whitish. Forewings dilated, costa slightly arched, apex tolerably acute, hindmargin very oblique, slightly sinuate; pale-pinkish-ochreous, markings ochreous- fuscous; an oblique line from base to inner-margin at one-fourth ; two oblique fascie parallel to this, first from costa near base to middle of inner-margin, second from costa at one-fourth to anal angle ; all three lines partly obsolete and suffusedly connected On inner-margin ; a fourth line from costa at two-fifths, dilated above anal angle, where it is confluent with second fascia, from thence it is bent upwards and continued to apex ; a triangular blotch on costa before apex ; cilia pale-ochreous, at apex fuscous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; cilia pale-ochreous. Very peculiarly marked, and not like any other species. Mount Tambourine, near Brisbane; one specimen in November. PELTOPHORA OSTEOCHROA, 2. Sp. Male, 16-18 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne whitish, faintly orchreous - tinged. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs | ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate- oblong, not dilated, costa strongly arched at base, thence straight, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged ; a dark-fuscous dot in dise before middle, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; sometimes a fourth dot at anal angle tending to be united by a 211 fine line with second dot; cilia whitish. Hindwings whitish- grey; cilia whitish. A simply-marked species, falling in Meyrick’s tabulation with P. amenena, Meyr., from New Zealand, but distinguished. Mount Tambourine near Brisbane, two specimens in November. PELTOPHORA AUREOLA, %. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head and thorax orange-yellow. Palpi yellow, second joint with a dark-fuscous dot on external surface at base and another before apex. Antenne orange-yellow. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair some- what infuseated. Forewiugs moderate, somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded; bright-orange-yellow, deeper towards hindmargin ; markings blackish ; a dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold obliquely beyond first ; a fine line of dots from costa at four-fifths, outwardly curved in disc to anal angle ; cilia deep-orange-yellow. Hindwings and cilia yellowish- whitish. The orange-yellow forewings, together with the very simple markings, distiuguish this species from any other. In Meyrick’s tabulation it would fall next P. conietia (Meyr.), from which it is separated by the blackish markings. Mount Tambourine, near Brisbane ; one specimen, in November. SAROPLA PSAMMODES, %. sp. Female, 15 mm. Head, thorax, and antenne pale-ochreous. Palpi pale-ochreous; basal two-thirds of external surface of second joint fuscous. Abdomen pale-ochreous-fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous ; posterior tibiz and tarsi ochreous-whitish. Fore- wings moderate, scarcely dilated, costa moderately arched, apex tolerably acute, hindmargin oblique, scarcely sinuate ; very pale- brownish-ochreous, irrorated sparsely with brownish scales, which form a suffused fascia from costa before apex to anal angle; a blackish dot in disc before middle, a second above middle, a third on fold obliquely below first, and two more almost confluent in disc beyond middle; cilia very pale-brownish-ochreous, at anal angle fuscous. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey. The colour of the forewings distinguishes it from other des- cribed species. The long terminal joint of palpi, almost as long as second joint, is another point worth noticing. Brisbane ; one specimen in August. CoESYRA IODETA, 1. sp. Female, 14 mm. Head dark-fuscous, face whitish. Palpi whitish. Antenne whitish, with a few fuscous dots on upper 212 surface near base. Thorax bright-yellow, anterior margin and posterior extremity dark-fuscous; patagia wholly yellow. Abdomen fuscous. Legs whitish; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, apex round- pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; bright golden-yellow ; a basal fascia from base of costa along inner-margin to one-sixth ; an erect purple-fuscous mark from anal angle, reaching two-thirds across disc ; a subterminal and a hindmarginal band of reddish- violet, containing a few scattered purple-fuscous scales ; cilia yellow, at anal angle reddish-violet, with fuscous apices. Hind- wings dark-grey ; cilia grey. A distinct species. In Meyrick’s tabulation it falls with C. philoxena, Meyr., being distinguished from this by the absence of costal streak, and from most other species by the dark-fuscous sidetufts of head. Brisbane ; one specimen in October. CROSSOPHORA NEPHELELLA, 7%. Sp. Male, 13 mm. Head and thorax whitish. Palpi whitish, terminal joint sparsely irrorated with blackish scales. Antenne whitish. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior pair somewhat infuscated. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa moder- ately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; whitish, very sparsely irrorated with isolated blackish scales, especially towards margins; discal dots obscurely indicated by clusters of these scales, the first two often completely obsolete ; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia whitish. An inconspicuous little species easily overlooked. It comes nearest C’. thetvas, Meyr., but may be distinguished by the general irroration and obolescence of the discal dots. Sandgate near Brisbane; three specimens beaten from Melaleuca leucodendron in August. Psecapia, Hiibner. Head with appressed scales, side tufts small. Tongue developed. Antenne three-fourths, in male thickened, sometimes serrate, with very short ciliations (one-fifth), pecten absent or represented by a few fugitive scales. Labial palpi moderate or rather short (sometimes long, Meyrick), second joint with appressed scales, terminal shorter. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa or apex. Hindwings rather broader than forewings, elongate-ovate, cilia less than one-fourth, 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated to 6, 6 and 7 parallel. Posterior tibize hairy. This genus was omitted from Meyrick’s descriptions of Aus- tralian Cicophoride, but will be found defined in his work on 213 British Lepidoptera. I have three species referable to it. Two are here described ; the third has white forewings, and resembles nearly examples I have received with the name Psecadia postica, Z., of which I have not yet seen the description. PSECADIA HILARELLA. Walk. Azinis hilarella (Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat., XXVIIL., p. 542 ; Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, IIT., p. 506, piate 209, fig. 3). Male and female, 25-35 mm. Head whitish-grey, with two black dots posteriorly. Palpi whitish-grey, with black annula- tions, second joint with a basal and subapical, terminal with a basal and apical ring. Antenne grey, with a black dot on basal joint ; towards apex dark-fuscous. Thorax slaty-grey, with two pairs of black dots. Abdomen deep-orange with a cental black dot on first six segments. Legs grey, with black annulations ; posterior femora orange. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin straight, scarcely oblique ; slaty-grey with black dots; one at base of costa and of inner-margin, two just beyond these, one on costa at one- fifth, one on fold, two near inner-margin at one-fifth and two- fifths, two in a line beneath costa, and two in a line below middle of disc; five arranged in a circle beneath apex ; a line of about ten on hindmargin ; cilia dark-grey, apices paler. Hind- wings golden-orange, with a triangular blackish blotch at apex ; cilia dark-fuscous at apex, thence orange. A large and handsome species, which must have an extensive geographical distribution. The antenne in the male are some- what serrate, but its close relationship to the following species shows that it must be referred to this genus. Brisbane ; also from Ceylon. PSECADIA HEPTASEMA, 7. sp. Male and female, 18-20 mm. Head whitish-grey. Palpi whitish-grey, terminal joint blackish. Thorax grey, with two black dots on anterior margin ; patagia whitish-grey, apex black. Abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs grey, with blackish annulations ; posterior femora pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin straight, slightly oblique ; grey, with black dots; a black spot at base, with whitish-grey centre; a black dot on fold, a second beneath costa at one-fifth, a third in a line with second, two in centre of disc at about middle and three-fourths, and two more beneath apex; a row of four dots along hindmargin ; cilia grey. Hind- wings grey, towards inner-margin ochreous-whitish ; cilia grey at apex, gradually becoming ochreous-whitish towards anal angle. Brisbane. 214 CreratoPuysEtis, Meyrick, CERATOPHYSETIS SPHHROSTICHA, Meyr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (1886), p. 1,045. T have seen two specimens, the type in the Queensland Museum, and another, also male, inMr. Dodd’s collection. In the latter the anterior edge, which is twisted uppermost of the laterally com- pressed antenne, is clothed with a brush of long whitish hairs ; in the type these seem to be denuded. The posterior tibize are shortly rough-haired. The genus must be referred to the immediate neighbourhood of Psecadia, Hb., from which it is only distinguished by the extra- ordinary antenne of the male. DEFINITIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AUSTRALIAN POLYPLACOPHOR, By W. G. Torr, LL.D., and Epwin Asupy. [Read October 4, 1898. ] Plates VI. and VII. In the Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, vol. II., part 4, April, 1897, appeared a very excellent paper by Mr. W. T. Bednall on the Polyplacophora of South Australia. This painstaking article has paved the way for all future workers in this field, and the South Australian rocks are furnishing excellent opportunities for original research. New species are constantly being discovered. Unfortunately, in several instances only one specimen of a species has been found. The deep dredging operations of Dr. J. C. Verco has helped us very considerably, and has introduced several species not found near the coast. To Mr. E. H. Matthews, of Yorke’s Peninsula, we are deeply indebted for helping us to classify our specimens. To Mr. M. M. Maughan and Dr. J. C. Verco our thanks are due for specimens supplied, and to Professor Ralph Tate for his kind advice and encouragement in preparing our work for the printer and engraver. 1. Chiton Vereconis, x. sp. Pl. 6, fig. 1. General Appearance.—Shell oblong, much elevated, carinated, side slopes slightly curved and steep. Colour.—Flesh-coloured, variegated with creamy-white flecks. Third valve with more white than others; a broad blackish band running all medial areas. Anterior Valve.—Ten riblets ornamented with strong elongated longitudinal tubercles. Teeth, eight slits. Posterior Valve.—Mucro median, prominent. Ornameuted with nine or ten riblets, composed of tubercles similar to anterior valve. Sinus moderately broad. Median Valve.—Latera] areas ornamented with 12 to 14 pairs of strong elongated longitudinal tubercles, divided into two rows by a deep sulcus. The tubercles vary from opposite to alternate, the anterior being shorter than the posterior. Pleural areas covered with 14 to 16 longitudinal riblets, sometimes continued 216 into the dorsal area. Dorsal area smooth. The median valves each have one slit. The teeth under the microscope are pectenated ; sinus broad and shallow. Inside colour creamy- white with bluish patches. Girdle.—Clothed with imbricating scales, apices sub-erect, giving the girdle a rasp-like appearance. Scales pyramidal, apices smooth, base ornamented with eight to ten vertical riblets. Measurement.—Length, 24 mm. - breadth, 12 mm. Habitat.— Dredged in'Sti Vincent's Gulf, South Australia, by Dr. Verco and W. D. Reed. Aldinga, by Ww. Kimber. Remarks.—It can easily be distinguished from allied species by the strongly raised longitudinal tubercles in the lateral areas. 2. Aeanthoehites ecrocodilus, x. sp. Pl. 6., fig. 2. General Appearance.—Shell elongated, rounded, very broad in proportion to the girdle. Side slope curved. Colour pale-olive- green. Anterior Valve.—Strongly radially ribbed with five ribs. Interspaces covered with more or less straight transverse rows of squamose pustules. Two slits only discoverable in broken specimen. Posterior Valve.—Mucro median distinctly beaked; valve divided into dorsal and pleural areas ; dorsal smooth and raised— pinnatifid—and pleural similar to corresponding area in median valves. Four slits. Sinus broad, Median Valves.—Lateral areas distinctly raised. Anterior margin forming a strongly elevated diagonal rib, clothed with irregular raised squamose pustules, having a confluent tendency. Pleural area has a somewhat concave appearance, owing to the raised character of lateral and dorsal areas. The whole covered with triangular-shaped scales, which become very flat and large as they approach the anterior margin. Pustules and triangular scales are placed in longitudinal rows, continued through lateral and pleural areas. Dorsal Areas.—Triangular, smooth, each margin deeply notched with three to eight notches, prominently beaked. Teeth, 1-1. spongy, having on each side seven and on anterior valve four tufts of short brownish spicules. Microscopically mottled wit’ white, and densely clothed with minute, irregular, opaque sca es, which give it a rough appearance. Measurements.—Length, 17 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.—in dried Specimen, Habitat.—Marino, South Australia; discovered by Dr. Torr. Remarks.—\temarkable for strongly raised diagonal rib, and for its very coarse shagreening ; some of the scales being fully half mm. across, and are microscopically striated. 217 3. Acanthochites cornutus, »n. sp. Pl. 6, fig. 3. General Appearance.—Shell elongated, narrow, decidedly carinated, side slopes very slightly curved. Colour light-yellowish- brown, mottled with white. Dorsal area whitish-brown. Anterior Valve.—Radially ribbed with five ribs, the whole area being closely packed with bead-like granules. Posterior Valve.—Very diminutive. Mucro post-median. Valve divided into dorsal and pleural area. Dorsal similar to same area in median valves. Pleural area covered with concentric rows of bead-like granules. The deep sulcations of the dorsal area are present on anterior margin to the outer edge of valve. 5 Median Valves.—Lateral area much raised, and_ thickly studded with imbricating granules. Pleural areas decorated with eight to ten longitudinal rows of distinctly raised pustules, con- siderably larger than the granules of the lateral area. Dorsal Area.—Triangular, microscopically pinnatifid, which appearance is caused by three or more deep sulcations, continued into the pleural areas. Girdle.—Narrow, having on each side seven sutural horny protuberances, covered with microscopic glossy granules. Whole girdle clothed with closely-packed microscopic imbricating semi- transparent scales. General colour yellowish, with splashes of brown. Measurement.— Dried specimen: Width, 3mm.; length, 8 mm. Habitat.—Marino, South Australia; low tide. Discovered by E. Ashby. Only one specimen (not dissected). Remarks.—The horny protuberances, absence of spicules, and transparent, closely-packed scales make this a very distinct species. 4. Acanthochites Verconis, 7. sp. Pl. 7, fig. 4. General Appearance.—Shell distinctly elongated carinated. Exposed portion of valves one-third total width in live specimen. Valves elevated. Posterior margin concave, prominently beaked. Colour of valves, pearly white, distinctly mottled with pink deepening to rose-pink at posterior margin. Anterior Valve.—Clothed with somewhat flattened pustules, separated, oval, very distinct, smaller towards the apex, and arranged alternately. Teeth, five slits, with rays leading to apex. = Valve.—Mucro central, covered with flattened pustules rather longer and flatter than anterior valve. Dorsal area distinct and smooth. Sinus wide. Eight slits at irregular distances. Median Valve.—Pleural area covered with ten to eleven diagonal rows of squamose pustules. Dorsal area raised, striated 218 showing distinct hastate to pinnatifid outline (pustulose under high magnifying power); one slit. Inside colour creamy-white to deep- -pink. Girdle.—Cream to deep-rose-pink, leathery, and encroaching on the sutures, destitute of tufts, covered with minute hairs. Measurements.—Length, 10 mm. ; breadth, 4 mm. Habitat.—Dredged by Dr. Verco in St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia, and taken at Aldinga Rocks by Dr. Torr. Remarks.—This species is allied to A. scutiger of Reeve ; his description is very incomplete. The girdle in A. Verconis is smooth and not densely bristled as in scutiger. 5. Acanthoechites Maughani, x. sp. Pl. 7, fig. 5. General Appearance.—Shell elongated oblong, carinated, side slope curved. Colour light-brown, with patches of yellowish- brown. Anterior Valves.—Covered with concentric rows of pustules, large at base, and growing smaller towards apex. Posterior Valve.—Mucro slightly post-median. Five concentric rows of pustules. Median Valves.—Lateral and pleural areas, except that the former is yellower; both areas ornamented with six slightly radiating longitudinal rows of exceptionally elongated tubercles, inclined diagonally acutely backwards, touching ‘the tegmentum almost the whole length, giving the appearance of riblets serrated on one side. Some tubercles are much bent over at the tip. Tubercles rough with microscopical granules. Dorsal Area.—Linear raised granulose, intermittently covered with blackish specks. Longitudinally and transversely striate under the microscspe. Apex of sixth valve black. Girdle.—Light-brown, little darker than valves; leathery, loosely clothed with minute scales. Sutural tufts of short brownish spicules, and four tufts on anterior valve. Measurement.—Length, 8 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.—dried speci- mens. Habitat.—Port Victor, 8. Australia; discovered by M. M. Maughan, Esq. Aldinga, by Kimber. Kemarks.—Kasily distinguished from its allies by its narrow raised and granulose dorsal area and its exceedingly elongated appressed tubercles. 6. Acanthochites exilis, . sp. Pl. 7, fig. 6. General Appearance.—Colour porcelain-white, slightly mottled with very pale-brown. Dorsal area on third valve bright-red, oblong, rather broad, strongly carinated, side slope straight, beaked, 219 Anterior Valve.—Radially ribbed with five ribs, the whole closely covered with glossy pustules on a brownish ground. Posterior Valve.—Mucro anterior. Pustules as in anterior valve ; very small. Median Valves.—Lateral areas raised, closely covered with slightly diagonal rows of highly polished pustules. Continued through pleural areas, but considerably Jarger and more raised, in some cases so closely packed as to suggest longitudinal riblets. Some rows are confluent. Dorsal Area.—Triangular, broad; uniformly covered with somewhat distant, evenly distributed, slightly raised pustules, arranged in some valves in longitudinal rows. Tegmentum longi- tudinally striated. Ground colour of third valve deep rose-red ; pustules less highly coloured. In valves 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 the dorsal area is often mottled with pink. Girdle.—Spotted with cream and pale-brown. Very much crumpled in dried specimen. Covered with irregular scales. At the sutures prominent rough tubercles, from the centre of which a bundle of white or brown spicules is produced. Size, dried specimen: Length, 3 mm.; breadth, 1 mm. Habitat.—Dredged by Dr. Verco in Spencer’s Gulf and Investigators’ Strait, South Australia, in 10 to 15 fathoms of water. 7. Acanthochites Tatei, x. sp. Pl. 7, fig. 7. General Appearance.—Greenish-brown, spotted with pale-grey. Dorsal areas buff colour, with tinge of salmon-pink, in third valve dark-green. Girdle, mossy-green. Shape, oblong carinated, side slopes straight. Anterior Valve.—Three very indistinct radial ribs closely covered with slightly elliptical pale-brown scales gradually decreasing in size to the apex. Ground dark-horn colour. Apex smooth transversely striated. Posterior Valve.—Mucro post-median. Dorsal area triangular. The buff or salmon-pink colour extending over two-thirds of valve. Median area dark-brown, closely covered with elliptical irregular whitish scales, Median Valves. —No distinction between lateral and pleural areas. Ground colour, ornamented with six or seven irregular radiating diagonal rows of whitish spathulate scales, which increase in size as they near the posterior margin. Dorsal Areas.—Triangular, raised, beaked, smooth, decorated with transverse wavy markings, microscopically longitudinally and transversely striated. Third valve moss-green, and remainder buff with tinge of salmon-pink. 220 Girdle.—Olive-green, one-third of area. Mossy, owing to its being covered with short yellowish-white spicules, larger at margin, forming a dense fringe. Tufts, seven each side at inter- section on valves. Four on anterior valves. Sutural tufts coarse and spear-shaped, closely appressed towards the apex of the valves. Specimen in formalin. Length, 6 mm. ; breadth, 24 mm. Habitat.—Middleton, Encounter Bay, South Australia; one specimen only on rocks discovered by Dr. Torr. __ EXPLANATION OF PLATES VI and VII. a. Dorsal view of entire shell. b. Anterior valve. c. Median valve. d. Posterior valve e. Lateral view of posterior valve. f, Portion of girdle magnified. g. Life size, lateral view. Fig. 1. Chiton Verconis, n. sp. 2. Acanthochites crocodilus, x. sp. 3. . cornutus, %. sp. 4, pls Verconis, 7. sp. 5. . Maughani, n. sp. 6. £ exilis, . sp. ri se Tatei, n. sp. —— a hg bo bo — FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WiTH DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buacksurn, B.A. [Read October 4, 1898.] XXIV. PALPICORNES. NEOHYDROBIUS (gen nov. Hydrobidarum). Mentum antice emarginatum ; palpi graciles, labialibus brevibus, maxillaribus valde elongatis (quam caput prothoraxque conjuncti haud brevioribus), articulis ultimis 3 gradatim brevioribus ; mandibule ad apicem bifide ; labrum trans- versum antice late subemarginatum; clypeus antice emarginatus; oculi modici minus convexi; antenne 9-articulate (articulis 1° magno, 2° sat elongato, 3°-5° brevibus, 6° majori 7" amplectenti, 7°-9° clavam forman- tibus) ; prothorax transversus;~ scutellum modicum triangulare ; elytra ovalia nullo modo striata ; pedes modici ; tibiz ad apicem bicalcarate, tibiarum anticarum calcaribus permagnis ; tarsi modici; unguiculi maris antici inequales valde arcuati et subtus ad basin lamina muniti; mesos- ternum postice carina brevi armatum. Type (Philhydrus) burrundiensis. Blackb. Since I described this insect (Proc. L.S8., N.S.W., 1889, p. 447) I have obtained more specimens, including the male, and I find that its tarsal characters,—together with some other characters noted above,—are inconsistent with a place in Philhydrus. The original specimens were taken in the Northern Territory, but those received later are from N. Queensland. PSEUDOHYDROBIUS (vide infra). The remarkable insect for which I propose this name and which I have placed below (at the end of the Palpicornes), might on account of its tarsal characters be considered more naturally placed near Neohydrobius. It is therefore well to mention it in both places. BEROSUS. The known Australian species of this genus are now so numerous that it seems desirable to place a statement of their characters in a tabular form. I am doubtful whether the species Q - 222 might not justifiably be divided into two genera, but as in that case the genera would both have to be regarded as distinct from Berosus, and as moreover they both completely resemble Berosus superficially I prefer to avoid the creation of these new genera. In the first of these groups the elytral sculpture resembles that of the European Z. affinis, Brul., in having a short stria (aot nearly reaching the middle of the elytra) between the Ist and 2nd complete striz, but the structure of the mesosternum is quite different from that of B. affinis that segment being traversed merely by a fine elevated longitudinal line ; while in the second group the stria between the lst and 2nd complete striz reaches more or less beyond the middle of the length of the elytra, but the mesosternal structure is identical with that of the European B. affinis. I think I have before me examples of all the described Aus- tralian Berosi except B. approximans, Fairm., which is a very small species (Long., 14 1.) from Queensland of which the most notable character appears to be that the interstices of the elytral strie are transversely wrinkled ; it is possibly identical with B. (Hygrotrophus) involutus, Macl. Of the described species, how- ever, one (B. pallidulus, Fairm.) seems to be identical with Hygrotrophus nutans, Macl., and therefore if Hygrotrophus is to stand (as I think it may) must be removed from Berosus. On the other hand Hygrotrophus involutus, Macl., as noted below seems to me to appertain to Berosus, and when these corrections have been made and two new species (described below) added there are 18 names that have been applied to Australian Berosi. One of these however (B. externespinosus, Fairm.) I regard as pro- — bably a synonym (of Australie, Muls.). One species as noted above (B. approaimans, Fairm.) being unknown to me, the number to be dealt with in the following tabulation is 16. A. Mesosternal carina not prominent in front of the intermediate coxe ; 2nd stria of elytra not nearly reaching the middle of the length of the elytra. B. Elytra spinose at apex. C. Apical spines of elytra comparatively short. D. Puncturavion of elytral interstices equal or nearly so. K. Puncturation of dise of prothorax comparatively close and striation and seriate punctures of elytra comparatively strong. I’. Base of the posterior 4 femora black or dark-fuscous. G. Head very elongate (size of insect about 4 1.) hs ics A iP oF GG. Head notably less elongate (size of insect about 3 1.) i .. Australie, Muls. FF. Legs entirely clear testaceous .. majusculus, Blackb. KK. Puncturation of disc of prothora notably more sparse, and striation and seriate punctures of elytra evidently finer ois ae gravis, Blackb. decipiens, Blackb. 223 DD. Elytral interstices in front nitid and finely and sparsely punctured, behind opaque with close asperate punctures macuwmbensis, Blackb. CC. External spine at apex of elytra very long and slender (much longer than the scutellum) ads ies rey BB. Elytra unarmed at apex. C. Head testaceous or brown. D. Striz and seriate punctures of elytra strong (about as in Australivw, Muls.)... sticticus, Fairm. DD. Striz and seriate punctures ofelytra fine debilipennis, Blackb. CC. Head black or metallic. D. Punctures of disc of prothorax very close (about as in B. affinis, Brul.)... we DD. Punctures of disc of prothorax evidently less close. E. Clypeus extremely closely (almost con- fluently) punctured a r EE. Clypeus notably less closely punctured. F. Lateral striz very much narrower than their interstices. G. Interstice on either side of the short second stria bears a single row of well-defined punctures ... Mi GG. Interstice on either side of the short second stria with confused and faint puncturation a - FF. Lateral striz about same width as their interstices ... a4 ... ovipennis, Fairm. AA. Mesosternal carina prominent in front of intermediate coxe (as in affinis, Brul.); second stria of elytra reaching at least to middle of length of elytra. B. Punctures of prothorax very coarse (notably munitipennis, Blackb. Flindersi, Blackb. discolor, Blackb. stigmaticollis, Fairm. auriceps, Blackb. more coarse than in afinis, Brul.) ... Qqueenslandicus, Blackb. ‘BB. Punctures of prothorax much less coarse. C. Size comparatively large (about 3 1.) .. duplopunctatus, Blackb. CC. Size very small (at most 21.) ... ... _tmvolutus, Macl. B. mayusculus, Blackb. In Tr. Roy. Soc. S.A. 1892, p. 207, I expressed a doubt as to whether this species is really distinct from B. externespinosus, Fairm., and stated that I was unable to specify any structural characters to separate the two. I had not at the time examined a male of the latter, but having now seen a male I am able to say that majusculus is a valid species as the penultimate ventral segment in the male of Fairmaire’s insect is even, having no trace of the dentation of outline that ;s so con. spicuous in BL. majusculus. B. Australiw, Muls. I think &. externesprnosus, Fairm., may be regarded as identical with this insect. M. Fairemaire says that the latter is very near his species, but differs in the termina] spines of its elytra being of equal size and less widely separated ; I can definitely assert, however, that there is quite as much variation as this expression indicates in the terminal spines 224 of specimens of Berosus taken in company and evidently con- specific. In all other respects the description of Australie fits M. Fairmaire’s insect very well unless it be with regard to the strie 4-6 of the elytra which Mulsant says are “ postice lviores.” T take this to mean that the punctures of those striz are less. conspicuous than of the others in the hinder part, and certainly this seems to be the case (at any rate from points of view) in several species (including externespinosus) although it is not so strongly marked in any species known to me that I should be inclined to attach much importance to it. B. sticticus, Fairm. I have examples (from Queensland) of a Berosus which I refer doubtfully to this species. Their discrepancy with the description consists in the markings of the elytra (which are not constant), since I cannot find that in any of my speci- mens those markings fall in any distinct manner into the form of a semicircle. Whether or not, however, I am right in my identification B. sticticus is rightly placed in the tabulation as all the characters I have relied upon in placing it are characters mentioned in M. Fairmaire’s description. B debilipennis, sp. nov. Elongato-ovalis; testaceus, capite prothoraceque fusco-adumbratis, elytrorum striis puucturis maculisque nonnullis obsoletis et corpore subtus fuscescentibus ; clypeo subtiliter sparsissime capite postice crebrius subfortiter, prothorace sat fortiter nec crebre (hoc antice sat angustato), punctulatis; elytris subtiliter striatis, stria 2° longe ante medium desinenti, striis subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis subseriatim (antice quam strie haud magis subtiliter) punctulatis, elytris postice inermibus ; mesosterni carina ante coxas intermedias haud prominenti. Long., 25 1.; lat., 131. My unique example of this insect has unfortunately lost its. front tarsi and therefore its sex cannot be determined. Its elytra simple at the apex and its testaceous head, in combination, dis- tinguish it from all the other described Australian Bevosi except B sticticus, from which it may be at once separated by its larger size, and by the much finer punctulate striz of its elytra (which resemble those of B. decipiens, Blackb.). Ifmy identification of B. sticticus be right it also differs from that species by its prothorax more narrowed in front. Tropical Queensland (sent by Mr. Cowley). B. auriceps, Blackb. In a “N.B.” under this heading in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1889, p. 449, I drew attention to a specimen which I considered a possible var. of awriceps. The study of some erosi recently received from Queensland has satisfied me that the specimen in question appertains to a species quite distinct from awriceps and which is B. ovipennis, Fairm. 225 5. queenslandicus, sp. nov. Ovatus ; minus elongatus ; obscure brunneus, capite et prothoracis disco nigris vix virides- centibus, elytris plus minusve piceo-vel nigro-adumbratis, antennis palpis pedibusque dilutioribus ; capite prothor- aceque equaliter crebre sat grosse punctulatis ; prothorace antice parum angustato; elytris fortiter striatis, stria 2" longe ultra medium elytrorum continua, striis fortiter (versus latera grosse, sicut interstitia quam puncture haud latiora sunt) punctulatis, interstitiis sublevibus, elytris postice inermibus; mesosterni carina ante coxas intermedias prominenti (ut B affinis, Brul.). I have seen only females of this very distinct species, which is of notably darker colour than any other Australian Berosus known to me and is easily recognizable inter alia by the very coarse puncturation of its head and prothorax. Queensland. HYGROTROPHUS. I have received from Mr. Lea some specimens which he tells me that he has ascertained by comparison to be H. involutus, Macl. I cannot see any ground for regarding them as congeneric with H. nutans, Macl., or for separating them from JSerosus. They seem, however, to be distinct from any other described Berosus. H. DeVisi, sp. nov. Ovalis, sat elongatus; nitidus; supra pubescens ; testaceus, capite et prothoracis disco (hoc varie) viridibus vel cupreis, elytris varie plus minusve manifeste fusco-maculatis, corpore subtus plus minusve infuscato ; capite prothoraceque (hoc antice leviter angustato) minus crebre minus fortiter punctulatis ; elytris crebre subtilius subsquamose punctulatis, vix perspicue striatis vel seriatim punctulatis, postice inermibus ; mesosterni carina ante coxas intermedias haud prominenti. Maris segmento ventrali penultimo simplici. Long., 14—2 1; lat., 3—4 1. Evidently congeneric with H. nutans, Macl., but very much smaller, with the head and disc of prothorax metallic-green or coppery. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis, Mr. Cowley, We. AMPHIOPS (?) It is not without hesitation that I refer the following two species to this genus, as I have not seen an authentic type of it. It appears to have been unknown, except by description, to M. Lacordaire. In all important respects, however, the specimens before me agree very well with Erickson’s diagnosis, 226 the only discrepancies being that the scutellum, although of the elongate triangular form described, cannot be called “small,” and that the hairs on the intermediate tibiz are scarcely “long.” T have not been able to examine the mandibles, and therefore cannot say whether they are as described. The principal character of Amphiops seems to be its having four eyes—two above and two below the head—and this is the case with the insects before me, as the ocular canthus is carried along the exterior margin of the eyes quite widely, thus dividing each eye into two parts. The extreme convexity of these insects is such that (viewed from the side) the height of the elytra is as great as their length. A (2) australicus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis, valde convexus, ad latera compressus ; nitidus ; niger vel nigro-piceus, antennis palpis corpore subtus pedibusque plus minusve rufescentibus ; capite (hoc permagno) crebre dupliciter, prothorace sparsim inequaliter, elytris fortiter (in disco sparsim confuse, ad latera crebre seriatim) punctulatis; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice fortiter bisinuato, ad latera et ad basin rotundato ; elytris nullo modo striatis. Long., 14 1.; lat. 1 1. This species looks to a casual glance as if it might very well be congeneric with the species I described as Volvulus punctatus, but its eye structure is quite different. In respect of puncturation moreover it is very different especially on the elytra where the punctures are very much coarser. In punctatus the elytral punc- tures are not much less fine than in Cyclonotwm Mastersi, Macl. Tropical Australia ; Northern Territory (Dr. Bovill; also Mr. J. J. Walker). A. (?) duplopunctulatus, sp. nov. Breviter ovalis, valde con- vexus, ad latera compressus; nitidus; niger vel piceus, antennis palpis pedibusque rufescentibus; capite (hoc permagno) crebre dupliciter, prothorace dupliciter vix crebre, elytris dupliciter crebre (puncturis plurimis seriatim dis- positis) punctulatis ; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice fortiter bisinuato, ad latera et ad basin rotundato ; elytris vix manifeste striatis. Long., 14 1; lat., 1 1. Differs from the preceding chiefly in respect of the elytral sculpture. In the present species the whole surface of the elytra is covered with comparatively close fine puncturation with which coarser punctures are thickly intermingled, the coarser punctures having a seriate arrangement (in scarcely defined striz) on both the discal and lateral parts of the elytra as well as being mixed with the fine punctures all over the interstices. In A.(?)australicus the fine puncturation of the elytra is so fine and sparse as to need looking for, and in the sutural region (especially on the front 227 half of the elytra) the larger punctures also are very sparse and without seriate arrangement. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. HYDROCHUS. The description of the Australian members of this genus are so scattered through the literature of widely separated countries that it seems desirable to furnish some notes showing their relation to each other. I have therefore attempted to place their characters intelligibly ina tabular form, adding some remarks on some of them, and giving a detailed description of a new species. There is, however, one species that I have been unable to identify, viz., H. obscwroeneus, Fairm. I should judge from the description that it isnear H. Horni, Blackb., but it may be at once distinguished from that insect by its having a fovea in the middle of the head between the eyes as well as by the well- defined sculpture of its prothorax and the implication that the alternate interstices of itselytraare not more elevated than the rest. I have before me a specimen which Mr. Lea tells me that he has ascertained by comparision with the type to be H. parallelus, Macl. A. General colour dull-brown, pitchy, or obscurely zeneous. B. Head not trisulcate between the eyes. C. Seriate punctures of the elytra so coarse as to leave no continuously detined interstices between some of the rows Adelaidw, Blackb. *CC. Interstices between the rows of elytral punctures not obscured by the coarse- ness of the punctures. D. Alternate elytral interstices strongly carinate, in strong contrast to the others ... wih be ... Victoriw, Blackb. DD. Alternate elytra] interstices not, or only feebly, more elevated than the others. E. Prothorax at base with four well- defined impressions separated by well-defined ridges aa : EE. Base of prothorax not having four well-defined impressions. F. Clypeus much more nitid and less coarsely punctured than the rest of the head (size comparatively large) oi aa Bs FF. Clypeus punctured like the rest of the head (size very small)... Horni, Blackb. BB. Head distinctly trisulcate between the : eyes. reqularis, Blackb. diversiceps, Blackb. * In H. Victorivw some of the interstices are ill defined, but it is om — of rugulosity of sculpture, the punctures not being particularly arge. 228 C. Interstices between the rows of elytral punctures all well defined. D. The alternate elytral interstices csarcely more elevated than the others (size moderate). E. Prothorax narrow:and strongly nar- rowed at base... parallelus, Blackb. EE. Prothorax wider, subquadrate, not much narrowed at base ... australis, Motsch. DD. The alternate elytral interstices con- spicuously elevated (size very small) interioris, Blackb. CC. Seriate punctures of elytra so coarse as to leave no continuously defined inter- stices between some of the rows Palmerstoni, Blackb. AA, General colour 5 daar Bree eae with the legs yellow leteviridis, Blackb. Hi. diversiceps, sp. nov. Hibngabult bates obscure cupreus, clypeo suturaque viridescentibus, genubus tarsisque plus minusve piceo-notatis ; clypeo subtiliter punctulato ; capite postice indeterminate inzquali, rugulose punctulato ; pro- thorace leviter transverso, postice sat angustato, indeter- minate inequali, sat grosse subrugulose punctulato, lateribus leviter sinuatis minus arcuatis ; elytris suturam lateraque versus Striatis, seriatim punctulatis (serierum subsuturalium puncturis quam ceterarum minoribus), interstitiis internis vix (externis manifeste) elevatis. Long., 131.; lat., 21. On each elytron the punctures of the two rows nearest to the suture are in indistinct striz, and are smaller than the punctures of the other rows. The next two rows of punctures do not run in strie; but the rest of the rows are in strie. The seriate punctures (except those of the subsutural series) are about the same size as those of the European H. angustatus, Miull., and are larger than those of H. parallelus, Macl., and smaller than those of H. Adelaide, Blackb. The external interstices, beginning with that between the fourth and fifth rows of punctures, are somewhat elevated, especially near the apex. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. H. interroris, Blackb. In re-studying this insect for the purpose of tabulation, I find with regret that the type was covered with some kind of exudation (probably the normal condition of the insect), which I overlooked ; and the exudation now having, with considerable difficulty and some damage to the specimen, been removed, it appears that my description (Report of the Horn Expedition, II., p. 260) erred in respect of the sculpture, for the head, instead of being as I called it ‘ sequalis,” is trisuleate between the eyes, and the elytra should be described as “ having all the alternate interstices a little more elevated than the rest, especially the fifth behind and the ninth in the middle,” instead of (as is implied in my description) “only the fifth behind and the ninth in the middle more elevated than the rest.” 229 OCHTHEBIUS. 0. brisbanensis, sp. nov. Minus latus; minus nitidus ; piceo- niger, vix enescens, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus ; capite prothoraceque valde inqualibus, vix perspicue punctulatis ; hoc transversim quadrato (in disco sulco longitudinali mediano, sulco oblique in parte postica utrin- que posita, et utrinque fovea antica, impresso), parte ex- planata laterali quam disci dimidium vix angustiori, lateribus fere rectis; elytris minus perspicue striatis, seriatim sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis, sutura elevata. Long., = 1. ; lat., 2 1. (vix). The previously described Australian Ochthebii are australis, Blackb., and novicius, Blackb. The latter is a much larger species of considerably wider form. The former is of about the same size as the present insect, but more nitid, of a reddish-piceous colour and of somewhat wider build. Moreover the sculpture of its head is entirely different. Looked at obliquely from the front the head (excluding the clypeus) in australis is seen as divided into 5 elevations (2 ridges on either side placed one behind the other and a central tubercle); while the corresponding piece in the present species from the same point of view is seen as an area bearing a large deep fovea on either side of the middle the space between the foveze being comparatively narrow and elevated like an obtuse ridge. Queensland ; near Brisbane ; sent by Mr. DeVis. HYDRAENA. H evanescens, sp. nov. Ovalis ; subnitida ; obscure rufo-brunnea, capite nigricanti, prothoracis lateribus (nonnullorum exemplorum) pedibusque testaceis; capite vix perspicue, prothorace crebrius subtiliter, elytris subtiliter seriatim, punctulatis ; prothorace leviter transverso, antice parum angustato, basin versus transversim (et prope angulum anticum subrotundatim) impresso; eiytris postice obtusis, subtiliter seriatim punctulatis. lLong., 2 1.; lat., } 1. This pigmy is distinguished from all the other described Aus- tralian Hydrene by its minute size. From TJorrensi, Blackb., and acutipennis, Fairm., it also differs by its elytra being blunt at the apex; and from luridipennis, Macl., and simplicicollis, Blackb., by the much finer puncturation of its prothorax. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. CYCLONOTUM. C. Cowleyi, sp. nov. Late ovale; minus convexum ; modice nitidum ; rufum, elytris piceo-nigris; supra equaliter con- fertim subtiliter punctulatum, sed elytris puncturis minus 230 subtilibus seriatim impressis; prothorace quam longiori ut 24 ad 1 latiori, antice angustato, margine antico fortiter bisinuato; elytris haud striatis, stria subsuturali etiam carenti. Long., 3 1.; lat., 14 1. This species is very much more finely and closely punctulate than C. Mastersi, Macl. The absence of a subsutural elytral stria distinguishes it from all the other described Australian Cyclonota. Queensland (Cairns); sent by Mr. Cowley. NOTOCERCYON (gen. nov. Spheridiidarwin). Palpi labiales breves; palpi maxillares modici, articulis 2° dilatato, 3° 4° que gracilibus inter se sat eequalibus ; labrum vix perspicuum; oculi modici; antenne ut Cercyonis ; scutellum modicum triangulare; elytra pedesque ut Ceryconis ; prosternum ut Cercyonis ; mesosternum sat late lanciforme planum ; corpus supra parce pubescens. This genus differs from Cercyon chiefly by the form of the mesosternum which is flat as in Meyasternum, though not quite so wide as in that genus and much longer. It differs from: Megasternum in having the prosternum and tibize as in Cercyon. N. ornatum, sp. nov. Ovale, postice acuminatum ; convexum ;. parce pubescens; rufobrunneum, prothorace rufo, elytris testaceis (striis nigris, interstitiis interrupte nigro-maculatis, maculis fascias duas indeterminatas formantibus), antennarum clava nigra ; capite prothoraceque subtiliter sat sparsim punctulatis ; hoc fortiter transverso ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis minus perspicue punctulatis, interstitiis subtiliter punctulatis (puncturis singulis capillas singulas ferentibus) convexis ; metasterni mesosternique parte mediana planata sparsim punctulata. lLong., 4 1. ; lat., 3; 1. I met with two specimens of this insect, which are similarly coloured. The species differs from the following in its form acuminate behind, the evidently finer and sparser puncturation of its prothorax, and the much less close puncturation of the: flattened surface of its meta- and mesosterna. Victoria; Black Spur. NV. (Cercyon) dorsale, Kr. I met with several specimens near Hobart of an insect which agrees very well with Erichson’s description of this species, anc I have it also from several locali- ties in the Victorian Mountains. It is evidently congeneric with the species for which I have proposed the generic name Notocercyon. In colouring it presents considerable variety, the typical form (with which one of my Tasmanian examples agrees),. has the piceous colour on the elytra in the form of a common eS err rrr 231 triangle with its base on the base of the elytra, but in most examples the piceous colour is more extended (leaving only the hinder part of the lateral margins and the apex testaceous) till in one of my Victorian specimens the whole elytra are of dark colour with only the apex somewhat lighter than the general surface. The most marked character distinguishing this species from the preceding consists in the close puncturation of the flattened portion of its sterna. CERCYON. Up to the present time .wo genuine species of Cercyon have been recorded as Australian, viz., C. fossum, Blackb., and (the doubtless imported) C. flavipes, Fab. I have now to record the following :— C. quisquilium, Linn. I have an example of a Cercyon (taken to the best of my recollection near Melbourne) which seems to me to be this species. Compared with the specimen in my European collection the elytral interstices certainly seem to be a little less finely punctulate, but I can find no other difference, and have little doubt the insect has been imported into Australia. PSEUDOHYDROBIUS (gen. nov. Palpicornium). Palpi labiales breves graciles, articulo ultimo ovali quam preecedens sublongiori ; palpi maxillares minus elongati, quam capitis. (inter oculos) latitudo vix longiores, articulis ultimis 2 longitudine sat equalibus; mentum quadratum; labrum brevissimum sub clypeo fere abditum ; caput sat parvum ; oculi modici quam Hydrobi minus leviter granulati ; antennz 9-articulate, quam palpi maxillares sesquilongiores, articulis 1° quam 11” sublongiori subcylindrico, 2° quam 1™ triplo breviori, 3-6 gracilibus gradatim brevioribus (his conjunctis quam 1"* 2"*que conjuncti vix brevioribus), 7-9 clavam formantibus (7° 8° que inter se equalibus, his conjunctis quam 11" paullo longioribus) ; prothorax trans- versus ; scutellum modicum; elytra ovalia; pedes modici sat graciles; femora compressa; tibiz breviter ciliatie ; tarsi modice elongati, articulis 1° perbrevi, 2° 5° que elongatis inter se equalibus; unguiculi simplices ; mesoster- num quale (7.¢., nec carinatum nec tuberculatum) ; corpus glabrum. This genus is certainly, I think, allied to Cyclonotwm, but it has the tarsi of Hydrobius, nine-jointed antenn, and the mesosternum non-carinate. Its habits, moreover, associate it with Cyclonotum rather than with the true Hydrophilides. Probably M. Lacordaire would have treated it as a distinct tribe of Palpicornes. 232 P. floricola, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; sat convexus ; nitidus ; supra brunneo-testaceus, capite prothoraceque in disco, et elytris presertim latera versus, varie infuscatis ; corpore subtus pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; capite crebre minus sub- tiliter, prothorace minus crebre magis subtiliter, elytris (striis neglectis) fere ut caput sed minus crebre, punctulatis ; elytris striatis, striarum (his apicem versus multo magis fortiter impressis) puncturis quam _ interstitiorum sat majoribus. Long., 23—241.; lat., 121. Victoria ; on flowers near Fernshaw (Black Spur). PHYTOPHAGA. I have recently sent examples of a considerable number of the Phytophaga that I have described to the eminent specialist Mr. M. Jacoby, of the London Entomological Society, with the request that he would favour me with information regarding any of my determinations that he might consider incorrect. He has courteously responded to this request and has pointed out the following errors (which it seems desirable to place on record) in my work. TERILLUS. T. micans, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby informs me that this species is identical with Alittus foveolatus, Chp., and adds the informa- tion that he also regarded it as a TZerdllus and that it is the species he described as 7’. porosus. I have no doubt Mr. Jacoby has conclusive reasons for this determination (provably he has seen Chapuis’ type) but it should be noted that Chapuis in his tabulation of the [phimeztes indicates as a leading character of Alittus that the lateral margins of the pronotum are perfectly straight (“tout a fait drovts’) which they are most emphatically not in this insect, and in the specific description says that the tibiz are the same colour “ flavo ferruginie” as the antenne which they are not in any of the somewhat numerous specimens that I have seen of this insect. No doubt Dr. Chapuis incorrectly described his insect. HALTICODES. This genus (charactised by me Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1896, p. 69 Mr. Jacoby says does not appear to him to differ from Lactica Dr. Chapuis gives as one of the main distinctions of the Lacticites the presence of a deep transversal prothoracic furrow ‘limite de chaque coté.” In Halticodes the prothoracic furrow terminates laterally by arching round to the base; whereas I understood the expression ‘limite de chaque cété” to indicate that the transversal furrow is cut off on either side by a longitudinal furrow at right angles to it (as in Crepidodera). I presume how- ever that this is not the case, and in that event I do not know ——— 233 any character on which Halticodes should be excluded from the Lacticites—or separated from Lactica. My H. disparipes is very distinct specifically from the only other Zactica yet described as Australian (Z. australis, Duviv.). AULACOPHORA. A. Palmerstoni, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby informs me that this is not distinct from A. abdominalis, Fab. MONOLEPTA. M. alpina, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby states that this is identical] with IZ. minima, Allard, which is, I think, the only Galerucid hitherto attributed to Australia of which I have not been able to- see the description. 234 UsE OF THE WEDGE BY THE NATIVES OF THE GREAT BARRIER PLAIN. By Joun Harris Browne. [Read October 4, 1898.] In the years 1844 and ’5 the great plain west of the Barrier Ranges, and extending northwards to the latitude of the Grey Ranges, had on it large patches of the Acacia homolophylla, the Brigalow of Western Queensland. These patches were often many square miles in area. The trees were from 8 to 1¥% feet in the stem, 5 to 8 inches in diameter, and sufficiently wide apart to enable a man to ride amongst them easily, although at a dis- tance they appeared to form a thick impervious scrub. They were of great value to the natives. First, their seeds were an important article of food. For this purpose, when the seeds were nearly ripe, branches were torn off the trees and piled up in heaps on patches of bare ground, and when quite dry were thrashed with sticks. The seeds were then collected, winnowed on a rug, ground between two stones with water into a paste about the cousistence of thick gruel, and eaten from the grinding-stone with the bent forefinger, used as aspoon. Boomerangs and spears were made from the wood. For a boomerang a branch with the proper curve was selected, and an incision about an inch deep was cut into it at each end of the proposed weapon. Then the point of a yamstick or other piece of wedge-pointed wood that had been hardened in the fire was driven under the cut wood at the smaller end. _____. ORDINARY MEETING, NoveMBER 2, 1897. W. L. Cietanp, M.B. (President), in chair. Exuisits.—J. G. Tepper, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of an Alewrodid, Trioza sp., on Sterculia-leaves from Botanic Garden, The larve emit white waxy threads and coat surface of leaves with sugary fluid, which if not removed by ants or in other ways render plants sickly. Also some peach-tree aphis (Myzus cerasi), remarking they were difficult to remove by spraying. Also specimen of tick (Ixodes muralia), presented by Mr. Wirtheimer, and taken from a snake skin sent to him from Queensland. A. ZeEIrz, Assistant-Director of the Museum, made some remarks upon Alexandra Parrot (Spathopterus Alexandre) from Glen Edith, N.T., which had bred in captivity, but had not reared their young. Prof. Tarz showed herbarium specimens of Poly- podium proliferum, new for South Australia, from Cournamount, River Murray. Collected by the Rev. Henry T. Hull, of Mount Pleasant, who remarks that “there is no doubt of its occurrence in a wild state. On a recent visit I saw hundreds, if not even thousands, of plants” (25/10/97). Battor.—W. G. Torr, LL.D., M.A., B.C.L., was elected a Fellow. Papers.—“‘A Newly -discovered Cambrian Trilobite from Yorke’s Peninsula,” by R. Erueripce, Jun. “ Description of New Mollusca,” by Professor Tare. OrpDINARY MEETING, DECEMBER 7, 1897. W. L. Cretanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exuisits.—W. Howcuin, F.G.S8., exhibited and described palzolithic implements from the brick-earths of Sussex, and 236 gravels of France, from Madras Presidency, and from Somaliland. Paper. — “On Some Australian Insects of the Family Psyllidae,” by W. M. Maskell, of Wellington, N.Z. S. Drxon reported result of the deputation to the Minister of Education in reference to preparing a manual on insectivorous. birds and predatory insects for use in Public Schools. OrDINARY Mererinc, Apri 5, 1898. Pror. Tate, F.G.S. in the chair. Exursits.—Prof. Tarz showed pieces of prismatic sandstone: from the Hawkesbury series, N.S.W. and Western Victoria. Also some “ limestone biscuits ” from Biscuit Flat, S.E. ; having referred to certain speculations of Rev. J. Tenison Woods in his. work on South Australian Geology, 1862, as to the origin of these biscuits, he went on to describe the appearance of the biscuits—their highly calcareous nature. A section through the narrow part shows concentric rings around a central spot or space, and in several examples a fresh water shell (Bulinus) is found to be the nucleus. Mr. Thomas Smeaton wrote describ- ing some observations made by him some 30 years ago on lime- stone biscuits from S.E. and elsewhere, and came to much the. same conclusion as Prof. Tate. Mr. Tepper, F.L.S8., showed a piece of green opal from: Coolgardie, W.A. Also a pupa of codlin moth obtained from. apple stem between three apples, and which had made a nest in. a bottle where it had been placed subsequently. A. Zeirz, Assistant Director of Museum, brought under the: notice of the meeting a small green pigeon (Chalcophaps chrysochlora) caught at Bews near Kadina, very rarely found so far South, its proper home being Queensland and New South Wales. Also a small fish of the perch tribe (Chelmo truncatus ) and of the scaly finned family, so named because the dorsal and. anal fins are thickly covered with scales. Also an unusually large specimen of the blue-tongued lizard (Cyclodes gigas) from Leighs Creek; about 18 inches long. Papers.—“ Description of new Coleoptera,” by Rev. Thos.. Blackburn, M.A. OrpINARY MeEeEtInG, May 3, 1898. W. L. Crecanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Osrruary Notice.—J.G. O. Tepper, F.L.S., drew attention to the death of W. M. Maskell, of Wellington, N.Z., a corres- ponding member of the Society. It was decided to send a letter of condolence to the Hon. Secretary of the Philosophical Society, Wellington. 237 Exutpits.—W. Howocntn, F.G.S., laid on table a photograph of a large erratic boulder transported by glacial action some ten miles up the Inman River Valley. Papers.—“ Further Discoveries of Glacial Remains in South Australia,” by W. Howcuin, F.G.S.; ‘ The Influence of Vegeta- tion on Climate and the Rainfall,” by J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. OrpiInARY MEETING, JUNE 7, 1898. W. L. Crevanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exursits.—Prof. Tare, F.G.8., exhibited a grass (Aristida depressa) from Mount Lyndhurst (collected by Mr. Koch) new to South Australia. Also a sedge (Cyperus levigatus) from River Hindmarsh (collected by Miss J. L. Hussey), first found in South Australia at Nilpena, but in an extreme varietal form, and this year J. H. Maiden, Government Botanist of N.S.W., has received a specimen of it from Mount Lyndhurst. The Port Elliot plant, Which in its Scheenus-like habit represents the typical form widely spread over warmer regions of the world, chiefly in maritime districts, has hitherto only been known for Australia at Swan River, W.A. J. G. O. Teppsr, F.L.S., exhibited a cocoon of an insect on an eucalypt bough curiously simulating a Serpula. Epwin Asupy showed Callochiton platessa, Acanthochites speciosus, and A. asbestoides, and small medusa from Aldinga. Papers.—“ Respecting Contact Metamorphism occurring at Kalgoorlie, W.A.,” by H. B. Corpin; “On two Deep Level Occurrences in South Australia of Recent Marine Deposits,” by Prof. TATE. OrpDINARY MeerinG, Juty 5, 1898. W. L. Cievanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exuipits.—A large series of specimens from White Cliffs, illustrating pseudomorphism by noble opal, by Prof. Tavs, the property of the School of Mines. These included scalenohedra after calcite, opalised sandstone, reptilian humerus, Ichthyosaurian vertebra, wood-structure, and various molluscan tests. W. Howcuin, F.G.S8S.—A piece of quartzite with polished surface, taken from a large bed of the same rock in the Onka- paringa watershed, exhibiting pseudoglacial features ; a piece of black flint pseudomorph after calcite, from Wallaroo Mines ; also specimens showing rock-faulting, contortion, and interrupted jointing, and others illustrating various geological phenomena. R 238 Paper.—‘‘ On a new Myoporum from South Australia,” by J. H. Marpen and E. BercHe. Dr. Srirtinc, M.D., F.R.S., moved the following resolution (Prof. TaTE seconded. Carried.) :—‘‘ That whereas the aborigines of Australia are rapidly disappearing, it is desirable, in the interests of science and of our successors, that a comprehensive and enduring record of the Australian race, in the fullest anthropological and ethnological significance, should be taken before it is too late; that this Society communicate with the Royal Societies of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, and West Australia and the Linnean Society of New South Wales, with the object of asking whether those Societies will join in a combined movement, together with such other scientific bodies as may be interested, to induce the Governments of their respective colonies to promise contributions of say £500 from each colony, payable in such annual instalments as may be necessary to defray the expenses of such a work ; that contingent upon the approval by this Society of the above resolution, the Council be requested to put it into effect by forwarding copies to the bodies mentioned.” ORDINARY Meetine, Auaust 2, 1898. W. L. Cietanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Exuipits.— A. Zertvz, Assistant-Director of the Museum, specimen of Leatherjacket (Monacanthus, sp.), with abnormal dorsal spine from St. Vincent’s Gulf. Also a blue ruff-heron (Demigretta jugularis) from Wallaroo. It is found in tropical Aus- tralia, but rarely so far south. S. Drxon specimens of telluride ore, carrying 40 per cent. of gold, in schistose rocks from the Kalgurlie Mine, W.A. W. Howcutn, F.G.8., gave an interest- ing description of foraminiferal sand, obtained through the kindness of Prof. David, of Sydney, and Mr. Geo. Sweet, of Melbourne, from the Funafuti Atoll, and from the bore put down to test the nature of the underlying rocks. The beach consists largely of nullipore fragments sometimes consolidated into rock masses. Theforaminiferaare not very abundant in their variety, but formalmost the entire mass of the beach sand, and belong to eleven genera, including sixteen species, and present an almost identical facies with those of the fossil fauna of the lower tertiaries of Southern Australia. Organic remains from the bore at 150 feet were scarce ; those from the 400-feet depth were more abundant, particularly amphistegina, which made up the most of the rock — materials, and were in each case characteristically of shallow water species, which would seem to indicate subsidence of the 239 platform on which the atoll rests. A photograph of Funafuti was was also shown. Batitor.—E. Meyrick was elected an Honorary Fellow. Papers.—‘‘ Two new species of Cretaceous Mollusca.” ‘ New species of Eulimidz and Pyramidellide ;” Revision of the Austra- lian Cyclostremidze and Liotiidee {Publication unavoidably post- poned]. The author points out that great diversity of opinion has prevailed as to the correct systematic position of the component species ; some under different generic names have been placed in both families. The limits of the genera of Cyclostremide are better defined, and the following two new genera are proposed :— (1.) CycLosTREMELLA, type Liotia Loddere, Petterd, is separated by its varicosely margined aperture ; (2) PszupoLioria, type Cyclostrema micans, A. Adams (=Jiotia Angasi, Crosse), is defined as somewhat like Liotia, with a thick porcellanous (non- perlaceous inside) test, aperture oblique, its margin thickened, operculum horny and multispiral, without a granulose exterior. Cirsonella, Angas, falls as a synonym under Z'ubiola, A. Adams, in the family Cyclostremide ; ‘“‘On some Recent and Fossil Species of Philobrye,” by Prof. Tare, F.G.S. ORDINARY MEETING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1898. W. L. Ciextanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Batiot.—Mr. Epwin AsHBy was unanimously elected an auditor. Papers.— Notes on Australian Lepidoptera,” by Dr. A. JEFFERIS TURNER; “ Lists of Plants on Mount Lyndhurst Run,” by M. Kocu; “ Deep-seated Eocene Strata in the Croydon and other Bores,” by Prof. Tats, F.G.S. ANNUAL MEETING, OcToBER 4, 1898. W. L. Cietanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Exuisits.—Prof. Tarr exhibited botanical specimens collected by Mr. C. F. Johncock from the neighbourhood of Mount Remarkable—these were: the geococcus state of Blennodia cardaminoides, Kennedya prostrata, leaves of Xanthorrhea quadrangulata from the summit of the Mount, Solanum lacunarium, Adiantum cethiopicum, and Pterostylis pedunculata, Rey. Tuos. Buacksurn, B.A., exhibited obsidian bombs. Annual report and balance-sheet were read and adopted. ELEctTIon oF Councit.—President, W. L. Cleland, M.B.; Vice- Presidents, Prof. Tate, F.G.S., and W. Howchin, F.G.S.; Hon. Treasurer, Walter Rutt, C.E.; Hon. Sec., G. G. Mayo, C.E.; 240 Members of Council, Prof. Rennie, D.Sc., E. C. Stirling, M.D., Rev. Thos. Blackburn, B.A., 8. Dixon, J. 8. Lloyd, and W. H. Selway ; auditor, Edwin Ashby. Presidential Address was read by the PRrEsIpENT, and upon the motion of Prof. Tare, seconded by Prof. Sririinc, was ordered to be printed in the Society’s Transactions. Papers.—‘The Use of the Wedge by the Natives of the Great Barrier Plain in making their Boomerang and Spears,” by John Harris Browne. Report on the Birds collected on the Calvert Expedition, by A. J. Nortu, C.M.Z.S., and G. A. KEARTLAND. “Dimorphism in South Australian Cruciferz,” by Prof. Tars, F.G.S8.; ‘ Descriptions of New Microlepidoptera,” by Dr. A. J. TuRNER ; ‘‘ Notes on the Nest and Eggs of Porzana fluminea,” by Dr. A. M. Morean ; “‘ Descriptions of seven New Species of South Australian Polyplacophora,” by Dr. Torr and E. Asusy ; ‘“‘ Descriptions of New Australian Coleoptera,” by Rev. T. BLACKBURN. ~s " a ie eee _ ia Ee 2 oe Aeeee 241 ANNUAL REPORT. The Council reported that the scientific work of the Society had been steadily carried on during the year. Part 1 of vol. XXII was ready for distribution in August. Prof. Tate, F.G.S had been engaged in making a revision of the Australian Cyclostremide and Liotiide, and had also made independent observations of the Calcareous Biscuits from the South-Eastern district of the colony. W. Howchin, F.G.S., had discovered further traces of glacial action in Hindmarsh Valley, and a Trilobite from Yorke’s Peninsula, which R. Etheridge, jun., of Sydney, has described as Ptychoparia Howchini. Valuable papers have been contributed during the year by Prof. Tate, F.G.8., Dr. Verco, Rev. Thos. Blackburn, B.A., the late W. M. Maskell, J. H. Maiden, Dr. A. J. Turner, and J. G. ‘O. Tepper. Exchanges of publications have been accepted with various scientific bodies. The Council have to report the death of a corresponding member, W. M. Maskell, the late Registrar of the University of New Zealand, who had shortly before his lamented death forwarded a valuable paper to the Society. A movement has been initiated by Prof. Stirling for obtaining the support of the various Colonial Governments and learned societies in an organized attempt to collect and preserve all ethnological and anthropological information relative to the aborigines of Australia. During the year J. H. Maiden, Director of the Botanic Garden, Sydney, and E. Meyrick were elected Honorary Fellows. The membership of the Society is as follows:—10 Hon. Fellows, 9 Corresponding Members, 70 Fellows, 1 Associate. Early in the year Mr. Sam. Dixon initiated a discussion on the advisability of securing the dissemination of reliable infor- mation respecting the insectivorous birds and useful insects of South Australia. After discussing the matter at several meetings, a Sub-Committee, consisting of the President, Prof. Tate, Messrs. S. Dixon, J. G. O. Tepper, and W. C. Grasby, was appointed to take such steps as they considered necessary. The Committee in- vited the co-operation of the Royal Geographical Society, Royal Agricultural Society, the Zoological Society, and the Agricul- tural Bureau. All these Societies decided to assist in attaining the objects of the Sub-Committee, and a meeting of the repre- sentatives was held at the University, when it was decided to wait on the Hon. the Minister of Agriculture and Education. The Minister promised to make enquiries and decide what action the Government would take. No official reply has yet been received. o | oon m ‘aadusvody, ‘WORE “ELOY NAWIVA L 9 61 Il T 0 6 Ol OL b Lee 0 F 61 FL *% F 8681 ane “90 ‘yuRg SSULARG UT soUR]eEg sanbay uo asueyoxy Spdig¢ SNOAOATJOOSUT av UOTZeyndecT OC a". "* GOT4IIG SISTTVAINJeN PTET —piv-ul-sqyuery SulApeyy pure soeraseg—Areiqry Aron wig pure ‘osvqsog ‘suuig "' JayeyoIVQ—sese AA tc [o>] © 0 £- 3 = 4 ‘surystqnd On" 16 ‘< 4 suryesgsnyy] 0. -S. ee’? ‘= 3 suryUig —suorqorsuray, Jo ys09g Ag Ds F a0 ‘VITVULSOV HLOOS 4O ALHIOOS TVAOU WHEL HLM ” 9 > 9? 99 ‘8681 ‘10q0990 48] ‘uoyipuy “‘AGHSV NIMAGY ‘y001109 punojy pue poyipny qseloquy ,, qUIWIUAIAOX) WOIJ JUBID) ,, UOIJIIG [VOLSO[OoR[ RY * UOIj09g SqISITVANJEN PTET oe ae: Ayato0g teAoy —suorndtiosqng ,, ane si “ aoureg OL ‘LOST “98ST 10q0390 “aq G L t9GF 6 81G 6 81 9b Oo 366 > Sas, & 3. oe. = 0 0 &I ® Sirk, - SP -16 ‘e 2 a a a ta I 3 LNOOQOV NI Yad OSvedl AHL PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. During the year now ending the Society has received various valuable contributions on matters relating to natural history and geology, which are the sciences that in a new country are the most prolific in furnishing original papers and monographs. The object of this Society as a scientific body is to place on record only new facts relating to science as they bear on South Australia. This is the rule of the various learned Societies of the Australian Colonies, so that the proceedings of this Society should reflect the increase to our scientific knowledge respecting South Australia in any given year. The thanks of this Society are certainly due to those science-workers who loyally forward the results of their labours on South Australian subjects to be incorporated in our proceedings. To some of the Fellows it may be a matter of regret that attempts have not been made by the Council to place scientific subjects in a popular form before the meetings. It should be remembered, however, that the functions of a Royal Society are not to popularise science nor to give instruction, but simply to publish results of work done or to discuss the deductions which may legitimately be drawn from ascertained scientific data. Our workers are, however, so few, and each one is almost necessarily an authority on his own particular speciality, that the opportunities for profitable discussion do not often present themselves for want of a sufficient number of those who would be entitled to speak ex cathedra. Again, the existence of the University as a rallying focus for anyone interested in science, as there are to be found some of our chief exponents of various branches of science, also tends to deprive the meetings of this Society of one of its objects, namely, a common meeting ground for the exchange of scientific thoughts. As to the popularising of science, this Society might possibly have taken up the matter if it were not being already done in a pre-eminently satisfactory manner by the University and the branches of the Society. For this Society to attempt to do the same would be superfluous, and anything that is unnecessary is certain to be mischievous. It is no object of this Society to enter into competition with other institutions, and although it may be a matter of regret that our meetings are not as well attended as they might be, yet the regret is not on account of the small- ness of the audience, but of the smallness of the band of science 244 workers. It has, however, been already stated that many of our workers do not attend the meetings because they have had opportunities elsewhere of meeting those with whom they are in science matters en rapport. The utility of this Society is there- fore not to be measured by the number who attend the meetings but rather by the bulk of its published memoirs. The intrinsic value of the contributions has always maintained a very high scientific standard. It must also be remembered that each of these contributions necessitates a vast amount of labour and minute and painstaking investigation, so that although the quantity may not always be great, the quality is unimpeachable. Another obstacle to the size of our proceedings has been at times the question of ways and means, and the study of certain subjects has had to be postponed owing to the unlikelihood of the Society being equal to the necessary expenditure. As an example may be cited what has been done with regard to the unique Calla- bonna fossils. In 1894-5 a beginning was made by describing and illustrating certian bones of Genyornis Newtont, but since then there has been no further publication. On those who can afford to wait fortune in the end generally condescends to smile and so it is in this case. There is now every certainty that the work will be pushed on with vigour, as the Government has generously, and with a due appreciation of the scientific value of the work, caused a sum of money to be set apart for this especial object. It must be particularly gratifying to all who have the welfare and encouragement of scientific work at heart to have this tangible proof of the enlightened interest which the present Ministry of South Australia takes, not only in assisting to obtain scientific materials, but also in making it available for the benefit of the scientific world. At the meeting held in July, 1898, an important resclution was carried, expressing the desirability of a united action on the part of the Australian Colonies to arrange and publish an authorita- tive Treatise, as complete as possible, of the Australian race. There is every reason to hope that material assistance will be obtained from the various Governments for effectively carrying out this national work. It will also be conceded by all that no time should be lost in setting about the collecting of all available information. In South Australia, apparently, no systematic and comprehensive attempt has been made to study the aboriginal races of this colony. In the pages of our proceedings during the | past twenty years appear various important, but isolated, con- tributions towards the anthropology of Australia. The most important of these are probably those relating to the tribes inhabiting an area of country having a radius of two or three hundred miles from a centre about the Finke River. The reason. 249 ‘why it is advanced that these contributions have a greater -ethnological value, from an Australian point of view, than other important studies made to the west of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the Daly River, and other parts of the coastal region of the Northern Territory, is that the tribes in Central and Southern Australia are less likely to be mixed with other races. And one -of the greatest points of interest in connection with the study of the aborigines of Australia would be that here, if anywhere, it ‘should be possible to investigate perhaps one of the purest examples of a race that is autochthonic as contrasted to exotic in its local origin. In other words, in studying the purest examples _-of the Australian aborigines, the scientific investigator would be studying as purely local productions as would be found in the ‘respective flora and fauna. The isolation of the Central and Southern parts of Australia from other centres of human occupa- tion, the absence of rivers or other easy modes of transit, and the background of a vast uninhabited ocean, presents a habitat that is unique in the completion of its severance from the rest of the world or from any invading influences. So that whatever affinities the aborgines of Australia may have as a race with certain black Hill Tribes of Southern India or Papuans or Negritos of the Archipelagos to the east of Australia, they would still present a study from an isolation point of view vastly superior to any that could be obtained in any other country, or under any other existing conditions with which we are acquainted. Mr. Romanes attaches very great importance to the effects of isolation and devotes part III. of his work “ Darwin and after Darwin” chiefly to a discussion of the varieties and bearings of isolation in modifying forms of life. ‘In isolation,” he says, ‘we have a principle so fundamental and so universal that even the great principle of natural selection is less deep, and pervades a region -of smaller extent.” Isolation is defined as the prevention of intercrossing between a separate section of a species or kind and the rest of that species or kind; whether such separation be due to geographical barriers, to migration, or to any other state of matters leading to exclusive breeding within the separated group. ‘This application of isolation to the aborigines of Central and ‘Southern Australia has been particularly fortunate, as there is reason to believe that the Australian race is amongst the most primitive known, and the most direct issue of the primitive stock from which the various races bordering the greater part of the Indian Ocean may possible have been sprung in the remote past. If this should be the case with the aborigines of Australia it would tend to show that isolation must have an injurious effect on the development or the -evolution upwards of any particular species. It is not difficult to 246 see how this may be, and how the effect would be somewhat similar to what takes place in what is called ‘composite portraiture.” In the latter, for instance, only the more salient points of say some 50 portraits are manifested, the result being unlike any, and yet having some common resemblance to all. So- in the long-continued breeding of a pure race the more salient features of the people would be the more likely to be perpetuated, and the minor deviations or tendencies to evolution would stand a greater risk of not being transmitted. If this view is correct, the picture presented by the aborigines of Australia is not that of a degenerate, but rather of a primitive race, a people whose chances of further evolution have been lessened by their extreme degree of isolation. As in the composite portrait, individual peculiarities would remain in abeyance and only the broader distinctive traits of the race or species would appear. As regards the idea that the aborigines of Australia are a degenerate or retrogressive race it appears that reliance is based chiefly on certain rites and customs to support the view. Mr. Helms, in the anthropological contribution to the results of the Elder Exploring Expedition, after rejecting the shipwreck theory, favours the opinion that the aborigines of Australia have become a retrogressive race, basing the conclusion on their extraordinary sexual rites for retarding an excess of population, on their complicated marriage laws, and, besides, on other remarkable features of intellectual culture, pointing tothe supposition that they must be the remnants of a highly- advanced culture. It seems improbable that isolation would cause retrogression, although it would favour a race becoming stationary and perhaps accentuated. Another explanation may be advanced in place of retrogression. We possibly err in attaching a too. high mental or intellectual value to the rites and customs men- tioned by Mr. Helms, an error into which we do not fall in considering the many wonderful acts and habits of various. animals. For instance, in considering the engineering skill of the beaver in constructing dams, it is not necessary to suppose. that it had some Archimedean ancestor who had a genius for construction and the application of physics. Nor, again, to sup- pose that some ancestors of the honey-bee had a talent for practical sociology, and elaborated the existing ethics and distri- bution of labour which characterises ordinary hive-life. It is not necessary to suppose that these are examples of retrogression. As. different substances emit sounds characteristic of themselves when struck, owing to some speciality in the arrangement and nature of their molecules, so it is conceivable that organisms would respond in varying ways to the constant action of stimuli. It is. possible in this way to see how by a slow process of evolution the gradual adjusting of the nervous cellular structures with their 247 dendrites or branches under persistent stimuli of a given character may lead to a condition of unconscious cerebration, having all the appearance of conscious intent. We may all admire and appreciate the mechanical skill of these rodents, and the ethical effects of some of the customs of these insects, and of this species: of the genus homo, but it is another matter, and a probably unwarranted assumption, to attribute the same powerof intel- lectual appreciation to these beavers, honey-bees, or aborigines, either now or in the remote past, that we ourselves possess. That these three types of animals should have responded to stimuli in an apparently intelligent manner may be considered as evidence of the high quality of their primary nervous structure, but not necessarily as evidence of conscious volition of adapting means to an end. Personal contact with an aboriginal by no means shows him to be a stupid fellow, but it would be asking too much to expect him to appreciate the restraints of civilization, As an illustration of how savage man acts in common with many animals and birds in a way which more civilised peoples have lost may be mentioned the power of travelling to and reaching distant places without any apparent guidance. Darwin, in his posthumous “ Essay on Instinct,” which appears in extenso as an appendix to Mr. Romanes’ work on ‘Mental Evolution in Animals,” says we should be very cautious in attributing to migratory animals any capacity in this respect which we do not ourselves possess. And he quotes from the navigator Wrangel on the “unerring instinct” of the natives of N. Siberia, and from Sir George Grey’s “ Expedition to Australia” of the powers of the aborigines here, in the same direction. If any act has the appearance of conscious intent, it might be assumed that this power of unerringly travelling to a given place would be one. And yet there is no more ground for supposing that it is the case with savage man than with other members of the animal world. An analogy may also be sought in the evolution of language, that results which appear volitional have not in reality so arisen. As Prof. Max Miller says in his “Chips,” man in his primitive state was endowed, not only like the brute with the power of expressing his sensations by interjections and imitations, he possessed likewise the faculty of giving more articulate expres- sion to the rational conceptions of his mind. That faculty was not of his own making. It was an instinct, and so far as language belongs to that instinct, it belongs to the realm of nature. And it is also seen that different anthropological centres responded to this instinct in different ways, but always in the same way as regards general construction for any particular centre. It thus may be assumed that languages, with their vocabularies and grammatical construction, were unconsciously 248 evolved as the result of stimuli acting on certain organisms endowed with a certain potentiality. As regards the individuals using any specific language, it was a case of unconscious cere- bration, and it was left for the learned comparative philologist to explain the mechanism and the rationale. This is the only conclusion that can be reached, for it would be absurd to suppose that languages could have been consciously evolved by the peoples using them. Returning, then, to the curious rites and customs and laws of the aborigines of Australia, it does not seem necessary to suppose any antecedent conditior of greater culture or civilisation to explain their existence. And this is more particularly the case as there appear absolutely to be no other vestiges of such supposed greater culture. Also, what is known as ‘unconscious cerebration” robs many intelligent acts of their claim to be the result of conscious intent. I may shortly refer to the general custom of circumcision amongst many of the tribes of the Australian aborigines. This naturally is a custom closely associated in the mind with Jewish rites, and the question arises, Can there be any racial connection in the matter ? Some _ ethnologists have advanced the opinion that in the remote past there was a great African-Austro-Malayan centre of development of the human race. At this period of extreme antiquity there was probably a much greater distribution of land in the southern hemisphere than at present, and that there probably existed continents, now submerged, making communication between Australasia and Africa much easier. A reviewer of Wallace’s ‘““Malay Archipelago” in the “Anthropological Review” for 1869 writes:—‘ We shall not be surprised if in Madagascar be found the key to the problem of the relationship of the races of the Malayan Archipelago. If the dark and light tribes of this great island are sprung from the same stock, the same must be true of the dark and light races of the Archipelago. While, therefore, in the aborigines of Australia we may perhaps have the most direct issue of the primitive stock from which these races have sprung, we see in thé tribes of Madagascar the secondary human centre from which both Malays and Papuans have branched off.” The Rev. W. Ellis was struck with the Polynesian characterestics of the Hovas of Madagascar, and many observers, amongst whom may be mentioned Prof. Huxley, have maintained that the Papuans are more closely allied to certain African than to other races. Tbe curious phenomenon has been referred to by some writers of the existence side by side of dark and light races at various remotely separated points around the basin of the Indian Ocean, Such were the light and dark hill tribes of India, the light and dark races of the Malayan Archi- 249 pelago, the Hovas and dark tribes of Madagascar, the Hottentots and Katffirs, and the light and dark people of Semitic origin with African affinities. If in the remote dawn of the appearance of man on the earth the so called Semitic razes had their earliest pro- genitors from amongst this great southern anthropological centre, of which the Australian aborigines are amongst the most primitive examples, it is a curious coincidence that a certain rite should be common to both notwithstanding their present great racial separation. If the theory may be allowed that the rites and customs of the Australian aborigines are the results of uncon- scious cerebration resulting from the action of a succession of stimuli on a certain pre-disposed nervous organisation, may it also be conceded that a similar underlying strain of nervous organisation exists also in the Semitic races. If the Australian aborigines and the Semitic peoples should have even this remote anthropological connection, it is conceivable that they would respond in a similar manner under certain conditions. It is evident that unless the Semitic nervous organization had been en rapport with the idea of circumcision, no mandates, however authoritative, would ever have nationalised it as completely as is seen in certain Semitic people. What is wanted, however, are not theoretical speculations about Australian aborigines and their affinities, but the more prosaic work of collecting and arranging authoritative data. It is to be feared that there will be great difficulties in the way of obtaining these, and it will tax the energies and resources of the Australian anthropological leaders and specialists to initiate a working plan for overcoming these difficulties. Whatever this plan may be, it should be characterised by a uniformity applicable to the whole range of the subject, and it should be pursued with an unswerving steadiness. In the interests of the subject it is to be sincerely hoped that amongst our leaders in Australia may be found one who possesses the genius of organization, and that all others, great or small, will loyally contribute their quota to the best of their abilities and opportunities. If this national work on the Australian aborigines is carried out in a manner worthy of the subject, it will rank as one of the most important contributions to ethnological science. bo Or © DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY. For the Year 1897-98. —_—— ee LF TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, AND REPORTS. Presented by the respective Societies, Editors, and Governments. AUSTRIA AND GERMANY. Berlin—Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde, Band XX XJ, No. 2 to 6; XXXII, No. 1 to 3. ——- Verhandlungen ditto, Band XXIII., No. 4 to 10, Band , XXIV, No. 1 to6. ——— Sjitzungberichte der Koniglich - Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, No. 26 to 53 (1897); Nos. 1 to 23 (1898). ——- > r * = Uae f A » ‘ mY ee Ser it, ° ‘ ay ’ Shee Whted ¥ ", ) ’ x j “4 Le : ’ =) j z i L } J i - : ; re ble t * ) mn 4 is 4 nah Uy j ' ae \ * i ) ‘ i 7 ' : f fd UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 506S0U C003 TRANSACTIONS. 20-22 1896-98 00 3 011