rKEES AND SHEUBS; AN ABRIDGMENT OF C^c §.rb0retum tt f^nxtkdixm ^nhnniaxnx CONTAINING rHE HAEDT TREES AlSlD SHRUBS OF BRITAIN, NATIVE AND FOREIGN, SCIENTIFICALLY AND POPULARLY DESCRIBED; WITH THEIR PROPAGATION, CULTURE, AND USES; AND / ENGRAVINGS OF NEARLY ALL THE SPECIES. BY j!" d LOUDON, F.L.S., H.S., &c., AUTHOR OF "cottage, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE." FREDERICK WARNE & CO., BEDFORD STREET, STRAND. New York : SCRIBNER, WELFORD, & ARMSTRONG. 1875. PREFACE. This Abridgement of the Arhoretum et Fruticetmn Britannicum contains. — 1. Characters and short Popular Descriptions of all the species and varieties of hardy trees and shrubs now in British gardens, with directions for their culture; including the soil most suitable for them, their pro- pagation, and their uses in the arts, &c. 2. Engravings of all the species which are described, with the exception of half a dozen. The whole arranged according to the Natural System ; all the engravings being to the scale of two inches to a foot, or one sixth of the natural size. 3. The Scientific Names and Scientific Synonymes of all the species ; and their Popular Names in the languages of the diflerent countries where they are indigenous or cultivated. 4. An Alphabetical Index to all the species and varieties, with their synonymes. 5. A Tabular Analysis of the Leaves, by which the name of any species of tree or shrub described in the work may, in general, be discovered, from a small portion of a shoot with the leaves on. 6. Specific Characters, Descriptions, and Figures of some species, more particularly of pines, firs, and oaks, which were not in the country in 1838, v/hen the large work was completed. In a word, though this Abridgement does not include all the interesting and useful information on the natural history of trees which will be found in the larger work, or any of the portraits of entire trees which constitute so distinguished a feature in it, yet it contains all that is necessary to enable the reader to discover the names of the different species, and to ascertain their culture, propagation, and uses in Britain ; in short, all that is essential for the nurseryman, gardener, and forester. The most remarkable circumstance connected with this Abridgement is, that the Author has been able to obtain figures of nearly all the species. For the drawings or specimens from which these additional figures were taken, he is indebted to the kind assistance of various Public Institutions, and of several of the most eminent botanists and possessors of herbariums and livinp collections in Europe and North America. The Institutions to which he is under obligations are, the Linnean and Horticultural Societies of London, the British Museum, the IMuseum of Natural History of Paris, and that of Berlin : and the Botanists who have kindly lent him drawings or specimens include the late A. B. Lambert, Esq.; Sir W. J. Hooker; Dr. Lindley ; the late Professor Don; George Don, Esq., who prepared the characters of the Orders and of the Genera ; Messrs. Loddiges ; the late Professor DeCandolle ; M. Alphonse De Candolle ; W. Borrer, Esq. ; P. B. Webb, Esq. ; Baron De Lessert ; M. MiCHAUx; Signor G. Manetti ; M. Otto; M. Charles Rauch ; M. Francis Ralch, who made most of the drawings; and Drs. Torrey and Gray : to all of whom ; to the Curators of most of our Botanic and Horticultural Gardens, and those of many foreign ones ; and to all Nursery- men and Gardeners, both at home and abroad, who may have rendered him assistance, he begs to return his most sincere thanks. To the Council of the Horticultural Society of London he is under especial obligations, for' their permission to make drawings from the cones and other specimens sent home by their collectors, Douglas and Hartweg, and for authorising him to procure information from their intelligent and experiencetJ superintendent of the arboricultural department of the Garden, Mr. George Gordon, A.L.S. ; and to Mr. Gordon he is indebted for the ready and obliging manner in which, at all times, he rendered his assistance. Bayswater, Apnl, 1842. •!• C. L. A 2 1? CONTENTS. Enumeration of the Genera and Species, with their varieties and synonymes, in the order An i'n3;is'o''tLTo.^m"ne'r^ V;;:' InTs'hrubs of Britain, v^ith refer'ence to their Use's An Ana.;!^' ^oUhTS:' of'The'xrles "and Shrubs descr^ibed in "this Abrrdgement. according to their Leaves - . , ,. .•"„, o, " Explanation of Abbreviations, Accentuation, Indications, &c. The Species described in detail - - - EXO'GEN^. DiCHLAMV'DEjE. iJanuncul&ceae ClematfdeiE - Winterdcf?^ - PadoniiicriE Mag(\o\'dceiS - Anoiidceie Menispermaceae Berbcrdcece - AurantiaceEB - Cruciacese CistAceffi Jtfalv^cese Tiliaces Tei nstrom/dcciC Hjpcricaceie - /(curUceEe Capparidaceae y£,sculiceae - Sapindacese - fitaceae XanthoxyUceae Coriaceae Staphylea.ceae ■> H Cela^traceae - jJ^quifoliaceEe % % ifhamnaceEe - Homalinaceae ■! 1 Anacardiaceae ,3 Leguminaceae Calycanthiceas Granatkceae - 7'ainaiicaces JPhiladelphaceae Nitrari^ces - GrossulicesE - EscalloiuacfiS Hydrangeae - Umbellacea; - Zfamamelidaceee -osmari- nifiilium Lam., H. galiiikles Lam., H. fasciculat. Lam. 77 IL ^ndros^'mum Ch.n The Andros«mura .orTulsan. -^ Hypericum L. ; Androsime, Fr.; Johanniskraut, Ger.; An- droseme, Ital. 1. officinale Allioni 78 CommonTutsan Clymenon Italdrum L'Obel, Hypericum KndrostE'mum'L.-.ParkLravcs: Androseme officinale ,Yr .\Breit- bVdttriges Johanniskraut, Ger.; Ciciliana, Ital. Aceracecb. I. ^'cer L. - - 79 The Maple, and The Syca- more E rable, Fr. ; Ahorn, Ger.; Acero, Ital. ; Arce, Span. A. Leaves simple, or only slightly or occasiunally lobcd. 1. oblonguin IVa/l. 79 A. Xaurijblium D. Don ; A. Buzimpala Hamilt. 2. tataricum L. - 80 Zarza-modon, orLocust-tree, Russ. B. Leaves ii-lobed, or trifid; rarely h.lobcd. 3. spicatum Lam. - 80 K.montdnum Ait.,. \. pcnn- sylvdnicum Du Koi. A. par- vifibrum Tihrh.: Mountain Ma- ple: E'rable de Montagne, Fr.; Berg Ahorn, Ger.; Acero di Montagna, Ital. 4. striatum L. - 81 A. pennsylvdnicum Lin. Sp., A. canadense Marsh. : Snake- barked Maple, Moose Wood, Dog Wood : E'rable jaspe, Fr. C. Leaves t>-lobed. 5. macrophyllum Ph. 82 6. platanoides L. - 83 NortvayMaple: E'rableptane, or E'rable de Norvege, Fr.; Spitz Ahorn, or Spitzbldttriger Ahorn, Ger.; Acero riccio, Ital. 2 LobeUt - - 83 A. Lobelii Tenor e. A. ytlatanoid. Don's Mill. 3 variegatum Hort. 8.'5 albo-variegdtnm Hayne. 4 aureo-var. Hort 83 5 laciniatum Dec. 83 A. p crispum Lauth. Eagle's Claw Maple. Hawk's Foot Maple. 7. saccliarinum L. 85 Sugar Maple, Hard Maple, Bird's-eye Maple Amer. ; Acero del Canadd, Ital. 2 nigrum •• - 8.5 A. s. /3 nigrum Tor. & G. A. nigrum Mx Black Sugar Tree, or Hock Maple, Mx. 8. Pseuclo-PlatanusL.86 The Sycamore, or Great Ma- ple, Plane Tree, Scotch ; E'ra- ble Sycamore, Fr. ; Ehrenbaum, Ger. ; Acero Fico, Ital. 2 opulifolia - - 86 A. opulifbliam Hort. A. nilobdtum Hort. A. barbatum Hort. 3 longifolia - - 86 A. longifblium Booth. 4 flavo-variegata - 86 A P. lutescnis Hort. Corstorphine Flane. 5 albo-variegata - 86 6 purpurea Hort. - 86 Other Varieties. — Hodgkins's Seedling, Horl. Soc. ; Leslie's Seedling, Hort. Soc. : A. P. stenoptera Hayne Dend. ; A. P. macriiptera Hayne Dend. ; A. Pseud, njicroptera Hayne Dend. - - 86 9. obtusatura Kit. - 88 A. neapolitdnum Tenore ; A. h^bridum Hort. Soc. Gard. : the Neapolitan Maple. * 2 coriaceum - 88 A. coridceum Bosc. 3 ibericum - - 88 A. ibericum Bieb. 4 lobatum - - 89 A. lobatum Fisch. D. Leaves 5- rarely 7-lobed. 10. O'pa'us ^i^. - 89 The Italian Maple. — A. ro- tundifdlium Lam . ; A. italum Lauth. ; A. villdsum PresI ; I' E'rable Opale, Fr. ; Loppo, Ital. 11. circinatum P«r.s-^ 89 12. palmatum Tkwib. 90 13. eriocarpum Mx. 90 The White Maple. —A. dasy- cdrpum Willd. ; A. tojnentbsum Hort. Par.; A.glaCcum Marsh.; A. virginidnum Duh. ; A. rii- brum Wangenh. ; Silver-ivd, or soft. Maple, U.S.; Sir Charles Wager's Maple ; E'rable d Fruits cotonneux, Fr. ; Rauhcr CONTENTS. IX Ahorn, Ger. Ital. 93 Gal- 93 93 93 Varieties. — A. coccfneum, A. macroc^rpum, A. floridum, A. PaviVz, &c., of the Nur- series - . - 90 14. riibrum L. - 91 A. virginianum Herm. ; A. coccneum Ait. ; A. glaica Marsh. ; A.caroliniiiium VVall.; A. sangiineum Spach : Sujt ilapte. Swamp Maple. 2 intermedium Lodd. 92 15. monspessulanumZy.92 A. trilobum Moeach ; A. tri- fblium Diih. ; A. trilubilum Lara : Franzosischer Ahorn, Ger. ; Acero minore, Ital 16. campestre L. - Kleiner Ahorn, Ger. ; luzzi, or Piuppo, Ital. 2 f'oliis variegatis - 3 hebecarpum Dec. A. campestre Wallr. A. m6Ue Opiz. 4 collinum Wallr. - A. affine, and A. 7iiacrocdrpu7n Opiz. 5 au^triacum Trait. 93 Other Varieties. — A. c. la;. vigatura Lucid., A. c nanuin Lodd., A. tauricum, and A. hyrcanum - - 93 17. cieticiim L. A. hetcruphyllum Willd. semperv'iiens L. Maiit. ; A. obtusifblium Sibthorp. Other Sprcies of A'ccr. — A. barbatum jVj-., A. opulifblium, A. Kranatense Bois., A. par- vif&Iium Tausch, A. glabrum Turr., A. tripartUuin Null. jV.S'.S'., .1. grandidentatum Null. MSS. - - 94 II. NEGU'NDO^](En. 122 The Negundo, or Bu: Elder. — AVf)- L. ; Negiindium /fq^ra. lyraxinifolium Nittt.122 AVer Negundo L. N. Acer'uides iMoench. Neg. ajnericdnum Kafin. Ash-lvd Maple. Black Ash. E' ruble a Giguieres}\\mo\s Acero americana, Ital. Acero cotonoso, 5 incisum Booth. 124 M.. asplenifolia Hort. Other Vars.—jE. H. crfs- pum, nigrum, prse'cox, stria- tum, tortu.'isum, &c. - 124 2. ( H. ) ohioensis Mo-. 1 25 jE. ohiuensis Lindl., ?^. pul- lida Willd., IE. cchindta Muhl., JE. glabra Tor. & Gray, Pdina. ohioiinsis Mx., Pav'\A gldbra Spach : Ohio Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye, Araer. 3. (H.)nibicundaL5.126 S.. cdrnea Hort., S.. rbsea Hort., jE. coccinea Hort., IE. H. var. rubicdnduvi Schubert, X.. jyalsoiiian& Spach : Whit- ley's Fine Scarlet. 2 rosea - - 127 .3E. rdsea Hort. Other J'arieties. — Whitley's New Scarlet, ^E. H. ameri- cana - - - - 127 4. glabra Ill/Id. - 127 5. (g.) pallida Willd. 127 II. Pa VTA Boerh. - 128 The Pavia — Buckeye, Smooth, fruited Horsechestnut Tree. 1. riibra Lam. - 128 JE^iCuliis I'dvU I.., !E. Pdria. a, rubra Hayne, Pdvin parvi- 94 Jidra Hort.: Small Buckeye, A. ! Amer. : Marronicr Pavie, Fr. ; Marrune di P/iu, Ital. 2 arguta G. Bun - 129 3 subiaciniata Hats. 129 JE. P scrrdta Hort. 4 hiimilis - - 129 P. hiimilis G. Don. S.. hiimilis Lodd. 2. flava Dec. - ISO JE'sculus Jli,va Ait., JE. littea Wangh., Pdvin littea Poir. • the Street Buckeye, the Big Buck- eye.. Amer. ; the Yellow Horse- chestnut. crispum G. Don 3 wiolaceum Booth 122 122 Other Species — A', californicum Tor. Sf Gray. JEsculacei^. I. ^E'scuLus L. - 124 The Horsechestnut Hippo- ' cdslanum Tourn. : Marronicr d'lnde, Fr. ; Kosskaslanie, Ger. 1. llippocastanuniZy. 124 Hippucdstanum vulgdre Trn. : Marronicr d'lnde, Fr. ; Ge- meine Rosskastanie, Ger. ; Mar- rone a'lndia, or Ippoccnstina, Ital. 2 flore pleno - 124 3 aureo-variegatum 1 24 4 argcnteo-varieg. 124 3. (f.)neglectaG.Z>w.l31 JE'sculus neglecta Lindl. 4. macrocarpa Hart. 132 JE'sc. P. macrocarpa Lodd. 5. discolor Siut. - 133 JE'sculus discolor Ph., S.. P. $ discolor Tor. & Gray. 6. macro-stach ya Lois. 133 JE'sculus parvijibra Walt., JE. macrostdchya Mx., P. alba Poir., P. edulis Poit, Macro- thyrsus discolor Spach. Other Kinds of Putia P. cali- lornica Tor. ^ Gray (JE'scu- lus californica Nutt.), LyonH Hort Soc. Gard. - - 134 SapiiidacecE. I. Koi.reute'r/.^ Lx. 1.34 The Kolreuteria. — Snpindus sp. L. fil. ; Cblreuteria, Ital. 1. paiiiculata Laxm. 135 Snpindus chinensis L. fil., K. pauUiWwUXsi L'Herit. \itdcece. I. Ti'tis L. - - 136 The Grape Vine Giud, Cel- tic ; Vid, Span. ; f'igne, Fr. ; File, Ital. ; H'ein, Ger. 1. vinifera L. - 136 Vigne, Fr. ; Gemeiner Wein- stock, Ger. ; Vile da Vino, Ital. 2 foliis incanis - 137 Miller's Grape, or Miller's Black Cluster Grape. 3 fol. rubescentibus 137 The Claret Grape. 4apiifo]. laciniosaZ.137 Ciotat, Fr. Vile d-Eghitto, Ital. 2. I/abrusca L. - 137 The Fox Grape. — V. taurina Walt.: Filxiger Wein, Ger.; Abrostine, Ital. Varieties. — The Isabella, Schuylkill or Alexander's, Catawba, and Bland's - 137 3. astivalis Mx. - 137 The Grape Vine. — V. vinifera americana Marsh., V^. inter- media Muhl., V.palmdta Vahl. 4. cordifolia AIx. - 138 The Chickt-nGrape.— V. incisa Jacq., V.vulp'ina L. spec: the IVinter Grape, the Frost Grape. 5. riparia il/x. - 138 The sweet-scented Vine. —V. odoratlssima Donn : J'igne de Battures, Amer. G. vulpina L. - - 138 The Bullet Grape. — V. rotun- difblia Mx. : Muscadine Grape. II. AMPELo'psisil/x. 139 Vitis sp., Cissu.i sp. : Ampe- losside, Ital. 1. //ederacea -Mx. - 139 Five-leaved I vy.—liedera quirt- giiefblia Lin. spec, \ilis quin- qnejblia Lam., Cissus hederdcea Ph., C. quinqut^blia Hort. Par., \itis hedcr. Willd., Ampelop- sis quinqnefblia Hook. : Vigne I ierge, Fr. ; JuiigJ,rn Reben, Ger. ; Vitc del Canada, Ital. 2 hirsuta T. §• Gr. 140 A hinitlu Donn Cissus hedcr. jS hirshta Ph. 2. bipiniiata ]\Lv. - 140 \itis arbbrea Willd., V. bi- pinnd'a Tor. & Gr., Cissus stans Pers. ; Vile del Carolina, Ital. Other Species of Atnpelopsis A. incisa ( \itis incisa Nutt. ) ; cordata Mx. ( Cissiis Ampeldp- sis Pers., and Vitis indivisa Willd.); capreolita G. Don (Yilis capreoldta D. Don), A. b6trya Dec. - - 140 III. Ci'ssus L. . 141 The Cissus. — Ampelopsis and Vitis in part. 1. orientalis Za?H. - 141 Tlie Ivy Vine. Xanthoxylaceae. I. XANTHo'xyLUMZy.142 Toothache Tree. — Kamp- CONTENTS. mdnmaiRafin. : Clavalier, Ft. ; i Zafmwehholz, Ger. ; Santossilo, Ital. l./raxineum Willd. 142 Common Toothache Tree. — ZanMxyluin ramifldrum Mx. ; Z. mite Willd. Enum. ; Z. cari- bcE^um Gaert., not of Lam. ; Z. americdnum Mill. Diet. ; Z. clava Herculis var. Lin. sp.; Z. tricdrpum Hook., not of Mx. : Clavalier a Feuilles de Frene, Fr. ; Eschen-bldttriges Zahnwehholz, Ger. ; Frassino spinoso,\t.?i\. ; Prickly Ash, Araer. 2 virginicum - 143 X. virginicum Lodd. Cat. fX. ((.) tricdrpum. 2. (/.) tricarpum Mx.W^ Z. carolinianum Lam., Tor. & Gray; Fagara IraxinifbliaY^axa. Other Species of Xanthdxylum. — X. mite Willd., /raxineum Tor. 8; Gray. - - - 143 II. Pte^lea L. - 143 Shrubby Trefoil. — Beliada Adams : Orine de Samarie, Fr. ; Lederblume, Ger. 1. trifoliata L. - 144 Shrubby Trefoil : Orme de Samarie a trois Feuilles, Fr. ; dreybl'dttrige Lederblume, Ger. 2 pentaphylla Mun. 144 3 pubescens Pursh 144 Other Species of Vtelea. — P. Baldwins Tor. & Gray - 144 III. AiLA'yTUsDes^. 14.5 The Ailanto. — ^hfis Ehrh. : Verne du Japan, Fr. ; Gotter- baum, Ger. ; Ailanto, Ital. 1. glandulosa Desf. 145 A. procera Sal., Rhis hypse- lodendron Moench, R. cacoden- dron Ehrh., R. sinense Ellis : Aylanthe glanduleux, Fr. ; drii- siger Gotlerbaum, Ger. ; Albero di Paradiso, Ital. Sect. XV. Fruit gynobasic ; that is, in- serted in a fleshy Receptacle, with which the Style is con- tinuous. Coridcece. I. Coria'ria Kus. 146 Redout, Fr. ; Gerberstrauch, Ger. 1. myrtifolia L. - 146 Fitstet des Corroyeurs, or Redoul a Feuilles de Myrte, Fr. ; Myrtenblattriger Gerber- strauch, Ger. Other Species of Coridria. — C. nepalensis IVall. PI. As. Bar., C. sarment6sa Forst. - 146 Subcl. II. CALYCIFLO^RiE. Staphyledcea. I. Staphyle^a L. 147 Bladder.Nut Tree Stapliy- lodendron Tonrn. : Staphilier, faux Pislachier, Fr. ; Pimper- nuss, Ger. ; Stafilier, Ital. 1. trifolia L. - - 147 BladdL'r-Nut Tree : Staphilier d, Feuilles ternees, Fr. ; Vir- ginische Pitnpernuss, Ger. 2. pinnata L. - 148 Staphijludendron pinndtum Ray : Staphilier d Feuilles ailees Fr. ; ge/neine Pimpertiuss, Ger. ; Lacritne di Giobbe, or Pistacchio /also, Ital. : Job's Tears. CelastracecJC. I. ^uo'nymus Tru. 149 Spindle Tree — Fusain. Bon- net de Pretre, or Bois d Lardoire, Fr. ; Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Evo- nimo, Ital. 1. eiiropae^us L. - 149 E. vulgdris Mill. Diet. ; Prick- timber, Gerard; Lonse Berry, Dogwood ; Gatteridge Tree : Fusain_ d' Europe. Fr. ; Bonnet de Pretre commun, Fr. ; ge- 7neine Spindelbaian, Ger. ; Be- rette di Preic, Ital. 2 latifolius Lod.Cat.150 3 fol. variegatis L. C. 1 50 4 fructu albo L. C. 150 5 nanus Lodd. Cat, 150 2. verrucosus Scop. 150 E. europis^us Irprdsus Lin.: Fusain ualeux, ou verrnquenx, Fr. ; IVarziger Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Fusaria verucosa, Ital. 3. latifolius C. Bmih. 150 E. europai'ns var. 2. Lin.: Fusain d larges Feuilles, Fr. ; breitbl'dttriger Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Fusaria maggiore, Ital. 4. nanus Bieb. - 151 E. caucdsicum Lodd. 5. atropurpiireus Jq. 151 E. caroliniensis Marsh., ? E. latifolius Marsh. : BurningBush, Amer. 6. americanus jL. - 152 E. semperi'irens Marsh., E. alternifblius Moench : the Burn- ing Bush, Strawberry Tree, Amer. 2 angustifolius - 152 var. /s Tor. & Gray. ? E. ayigtistifolius Pursh. 3 sarmentosus Nutt. 152 var. y Tor. & Gray. 4 obovatu.s Nutt. - 152 var. S Tor. & Gray. E. oboi'dtus Dec. Prod. 7. HamiItonwn«sW1.153 E. atropurpiireus Wall. Fl. Ind. Other Species of Enonymus E. jap6nicus Thunb., jap6ni- cus fbliis variegatis, garcimx- fblius Roxb., grossus If'nll., micranthus D. Don, lilfidus D.Don, echinatus Wall., tin- gens Wall., gibber Roxb., fimbriatus Wall., indicus Heyne, vagans Wall., subiri- fl&rus Blume, Thanber^idnus Blume, pendulus Wall., frigi- dus Wall. - - - 153 II. Cela'strus L. 154 staff Tree Euonymoides Moench : Celastre, Fr. ; Celas- ter, Ger. 1. scandens L. - 154 Bourreau des Arbres, Fr. ; Baummorder, Ger. ; Bitter- sweet, Waxwork, Amer. Other Species of Celdstrus. — C. bullatus Pluk., nepalensis Lodd., pyracanthifblius Lodd., 154 III. Nemopa'nthes 154 Ilicibides Dum. Cours. 1. canadensis Dec. 155 Vlex canadensis Mx., N. fas- ciculdris Rafin., V/ex delicdtula Bart. Fl. Vir., ? Vrinos Ittcidus Ait. Hort. Kew. : Houx du Canade, Fr. Other Species of Celastrdcece Mdytcnus chilensis Dec. 155 Kquifoliacece. 1. Mygi'nd^ Jacq. 156 YUx Pursh, Oreophila Nutt. I. 7?zyrtif61ia Nutt. 156 Vlex Myrsinttes Pursh, Ore- 6phila Tayrtifblia Nutt. II. Tlex L. - 156 The YioWy .—hquifolium Trn., Gsrt. : Houx, Fr. ; Stechpalme, or Heilse, Ger. ; Ilice, Ital. A. Leaves spiny-toothed. 1. Jquifolium L. - 157 Common Holly, Hulver, Hul- fere. Holme, Eng. ; Le Houx, Fr. ; S'echpalme, Stechlaub, Hulse, Chriitdorn, Mausdor'n, Kleezebusch, Ger. ; Schubbig hardkelk, Dutch ; Stikpalme, Danish ; Jernck, Christtorn, Swedish ; Waefoseheld, Ostro- kof, Padub, Russ. ; Agrifolio, Ital. ; Acebo, Span. ; Azevinho, Port. a. Varieties designated from the Form, Magnitude, Thickness, Surface, or Margin of the Leaf. 2 heterophyllum Ht.l5S 3 angustifolium Ht. 158 4 latifolium Hort. 158 Water Holly. 5 altaclerense Hort. 158 6 marginatum Hrt. 158 CONTENTS. XI 7 Zaurifolium Hort. 158 8 ciliatum Hort. - 158 9 ciliatum minus /fif. 158 10 recurvum Hort. 158 11 serratifolium Hri. 158 12 crispum Hort. - 158 13 ferox Hort. - 158 Hedgehog Hully. Huux-herissun, Fr. 14 crassifoiium Hort. 159 15 senescens Swt. - 159 b. Varieties designated from the Colours of the Leaf. 16 albo-marginatum 159 17 aureo-margiiiatuinl59 18 albo-pictum Hort. 159 19 aureo-pictum Ht. 159 20 ferox argenteum 159 21 ferox aureum Ht. 159 c. Varieties designated from the Colour of the Fruit. 22 fi I'lctu liiteo Hrt. 1 59 23 friictu albo Hort. 159 24 friictu nigro Hort. \ 59 2. (J.) balearicaD. 160 The Minorca Holly. — I. Aqiii- folium var. h I utcscens Walt. Fl. Car., Wistnr\a spe- cibsa Nutt. Geu. Amer., Thyr- sdnlhus frutescens Elliot Journ. Acad. Sci. Phi lad., Phaseo- loides Hort. Angl. : The Kidney- bean Tree. 2. chinensis Dec. - 249 Glycine chinensis Bot. Mag., G. sinensis Bot. Rpg., W. Con. sequdna Loudon in H. B. Sect. V. Cassie'je. XX. Gledi'tsch/^ 249 Acacia sp. Pluk.: Fevier. Fr. ; Gleditschie, Ger. ; Gledit- sia, Ital. 1. triacanthos L. - 250 The Honey Locust G. tria- canthos var. a polysperma Mart. Mill. : G. meliloba Walt.; G. spinbsa Du Ham. ; Acacia triacanthos Hort. Acacia ame- ricdna Pluk. . Fevier d'Atne- rique, Fr. ; Fava americana Ital. ; Thorny Acacia, Sweet Locust,VmteA States ; Carouge a Miel, Canada. 2 inermis Dec. - 2.')0 G. liE'vis Hort. 3 brachycarpa - 250 G. brachycarpa Pursh. G. triacanthos var. /3 Mx. 2. (t.) monosperma 251 The Water Locust. — G. caro- linensis Lam. Diet., G. aqua, tica Marsh, G. triacdntha Gaert. Fruct. 3. sinensis Lam. - 252 G. horridaWiWd. Sp.: Fevier de la Chine, Fr. 2 inermis N. Du H. 252 G.japonica Lodd. Cat. G.javdnica Lam. 3 major Hort. - 252 G. horrida major Lod. Cat. 4 nana Hori. - - 252 G. horrida ndna H. Soc. 5 purpiirea Hort. - 252 G. horrida purpitreahod. Other Var. of G. sinensis. — G. chinensis (Potts). 4. (s.) macracantha 254 G. fhox Baudr. : Fevier i grosses E'pines, Fr. 5. (s.) ferox Desf. - 254 G. orientdlis Bosc : Fevier hirisse, Fr. 6. caspica Desf. - 254 G. caspidna Bosc. 2 subvirescens Hort. 254 Fevier verddtre, Fr. XVI CONTENTS. Other Sorts of Glediischia. — G. micracantha Hort. Soc.Gard., G. Bbqui Hort. Soc. Gard., G. prae cox Hort. Soc. Gard., G. aquatica Lodd. (G.mono- spirma), G. orientilis Lodd. {G.ferox). XXI. Gymno'cladus L. 1. canadensis Lam. 235 Kentucky Coffee Tree — Gui- land'madioica Lin. Sp.; Hyper- anthera dio'ica Vahl Symb., Duh. Arb. : Nicker Tree, Stump Tree, United States ; Bonduc Chiquie};Fr.; Chicot, Canadian; CanadischerSchztsserbaum, Ger. XXII. Ce'rcis L. 256 The Judas Tree Siliquds- trum Tourn. Inst., Moench Meth. : Gamier, Fr. ; Judas- baum, Ger. ; Albero de Giuda, Ital. 1 . 5iliquastrinn L. 257 Siliqudstrum orbiculUlum Moench Meth.: Love Tree; Gainier commun, Arbre de Judee, Fr. ; Arbol d'Amor, Span. ; Judasbaum, Ger. 2 parviflorum Dec. 257 3 flore dlbido - 257 4 rosea - - 257 2. canadensis L. 258 Siliquastrum cordcitjiin Moench Meth.: Red Bird Tree, Amer. ; Gainier de Canada, Bouton rouge, Fr. 2 pub6scens Ph. - 259 ^osacece. Sect. I. y^MYGDA^LE^ Jus. I. Jwy'gdalus T. 261 The Almond Tree Amygda- lovhora Neck. :>4»n(Tnd;'er,Fr. ; Mandelbaum, Ger. ; Mandorlo, Ital. 1. nana L. - - 262 Vrhnus inermis Gmel., A. nhna var., A. vulgdris Dec: Amandier nain, Fr. ; Zwer- chetnandel, Ger. ; Peschino delta China, Ital. 2 georgica Dec. - 262 A. gcSrgica Desf. Arb. 3 campestris Ser. 262 A. campestris Beeser E- num., Hort. Fl. Aust., Lodd. Cat. A. Besseriana Scholt. in Cat. Hort. Vindob., 1818, and Lodd. Cat. 4 sibirica Lod. Cat. 262 2. incana Pall. - 263 A ndna var. incana Gulden- stad and Arb. Brit., A. tomen- t6sula Lodd. Cat. 3. communis^. - 263 1 amara Dec. - 263 The bitter Almond. Amandier amer, Fr Gemeine Afande/baumGer, 2 dulcis Dec. • 264 The sweet Almond. Amandier a petits Fruits, Aniande douce, Fr. Susse Mandel, Ger. 3 fl. pleno Banm. C. 264 4 fol. varieg. B. C. 264 5 fragilis Ser. - 264 K.Jragilis Hell. Amandier des Dames, N. Du Ham., Nois. J. F. Coque molle, Amandier d Coque tendre, Fr. Abel/an, Provence. 6 macrocarpa Ser. 264 Amandier d, gros Fruits, N. Du Ham., Noisette Jard. Fruit. Amandier Sultane, Aman. dier des Dames, Aman- dier Pistache, Fr. 7 /jersicbides Ser. 265 Amandier-Pecher , N. Du Ham., Noisette Jard Other Varieties - - 265 4 orientalis Ait. - 265 A. argentea Lam. Diet., N. Du Ham. II. Pe'rsica Toiirn. 965 The Peach Tree. — kmygdalus sp. of L. & Juss , Trichocar- pus Neck. Elem.: Pecher, Fr.; Pfirschenbaum, Ger. ; Pescu, Ital. 1. vulgaris Mill. 266 kmygdalus Versica L. Sp. : Peche duveteuse, Fr. ; Pfirsche, Ger. 1 The free-stone common Peach - 266 Peche, Fr. 2 The cling-stone com- mon Peach 266 Favie, Fr. 3 flore pleno Hort. 266 4 alba Lindl. 266 5 foliis variegatis^. 266 6 compr^ssa Hort. 266 The flat Peach of China. 2. Cv.) lEc'vis Dec. 267 The Nectarine Tree Kmyg- dalus versica Lam. Diet., A. Firsica Nectarina Ait. Hort. Kew. : Peche lisse, Brugnon, Fr. ; Pesco noce, Ital. 1 The free-stone Nec- tarine - 267 Peche lisse, Fr. 2 The cling-stone Nec- tarine - 267 Brugnon, Fr. III. ^rmeni^ca T. 267 The Apricot Triinus sp. of Lin.and others: Abricotier, Fr.; Aprikosenbaum, Ger. ; Albi- cocco, Ital. 1. vulgaris Lavi. 267 Vriinus hrmentaca J/'n.Sp.: Albicocco americano, Ital. 1 ovalifolia Ser. 268 Abricot Angoumois, A. precoce, A. blanc, Fr. .2 cordifolia Ser. - 268 3 foliis varifgatis H.268 4 flore pleno Hort. 268 2. dasycarpa Pers. 268 A. atropurpurea Lois, in N. Du Ham., Primus dasycarpa Ehrh. Beitr.. P. Armeniaca nigra Desf. Cat. : the black Apricot. 2 /lersicifolia Lois. 269 A. ■persicifblia Don'sMill. Abricot noir d Feuilles de Pecker, Fr. 3. (v.) sibirica Pers. 2Q9 Trilnus sibirica Lin. Sp. 4. (v.) brigantiaca P. 270 Vrumis brigantiaca Vill. Dauph., Dec. Fl. Fr., Lois. In N. Du Ham. Other Species of krmeniaca A. pedunculata Led. - 270 IV. Pru'nUS Tourn. 270 The Plum. — Prunophora Neck. Elem., Primus sp. of L. and others : Prunier, Fr. ; Pflaume, Ger. ; Pruno, Ital. 1. spinosa L. - 271 Common Sloe Thorn P. syl- vestris Fuch. Hist., Ray Syn.: Blackthorn : Prunier ipineur, Prunellier, E'pine noire, or Mere-du-Bois, Fr. ; Schlca- dorn, or Schlen Pflaum, Ger. ; Prugno or Prunello, Ital. 1 vulgaris Ser. - 271 P. spindsa Lois. 2 foliis varieg. Ser. 271 3 microcarpa Wallr. 271 4 macrocarpa Wallr. 27 1 5 ovata Ser. - 271 6 flore pleno - 271 2. insititia //. - 272 TheBullace Plum. — P. syl- vestris prcB^cox altior Tourn., P. sylvistris major Ray : Pru- nier sauvage, I r. ; Alfatous in Dauphiny; Ki schen Pflaume, Ger. 1 fructu nigro Hrt. 272 2 f. luteo-ilbo Hrt. 272 3 fructu rfibro Hrt. 273 4 flore pleno Desc. 273 3. donfiestica L. - 273 P. satlva Fuchs & Ray : Pru- nier domestique, Fr. ; gemeine Pflaum.e, Ger. ; Susino domes- tico, Ital. 2 flore pleno jF/br<. 273 3 foliis variegatis iy. 273 4 armenicJides Ser. 273 4. (d.)myrobalanai.274 P. Mprobdlan Du Ham., P. myrobalana Lois., P ccras/fera Ehrh. Beitr.: VirgijuanCberry, Early Scarlet Plum : Prunier Myrobalan, or Cerisette, Fr. ; Kirschpfluume, Ger. 2 foliis var. N. DuH. 274 5. candicans Balb. 275 CONTENTS. XVll 6. CocomiUa Tenore 275 7. niaritima Wcingen. 275 ? P. acuminata Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 8. pubescens Poir. 276 9. divaricata Led. 276 Ol/ier Species of VrUnus - 276 V. Ce'rasus Jiiss. 276 The Clierry Laurocerasus Tourn., Vrumis sp. L. : Ce- risier, Fr. ; Kirsc/ie, Ger. ; Ci- liegio, Ital. § i. Ceras6phora Dec. The Cherry-bearing Kinds. A. Species cultivated for their Fruit, ] . sylvestris Bauh. 277 Synonymes and Ga rden Na??ies C. avium Mcench, N. Du Ham., Don's Mill. ; C. tifgra Mill. Diet., not of Ait. ; Frinms avium Lin. Sp. ; P. dviutnvar. ot^/S Willd. Baum. ; P. dviiini var. ^ Sf y Eng. Flor. ; P. nigricans and P. varia Ehrh. Beitr. : Gean, Bignrreau, Co- rune, Coruon, Small Black; Black Hertfordshire, Black Heart, Black Mazzard, the Merry Tree of the Cheshire peasants ; Ike Merries in Suf- folli : Merisier, Merise grosse ttoire. Guignier, Bignrreaulier, Heaumter. Fr. ; Sitsse Kirsche, Ger. ; Ctregiolo, Ital. 1 Merisiers or Merries 277 2 Guigniers or Geans (C. Juliana Dec.) 277 3 Heaumiers, the hel- met-shaped Cherries ( C. Juliana. var. heaumiana Dc.) 278 Var. for Ornament. C. s. duracina 2 flore pleno Hort. - '^78 Merisier H F/eurs doubles, or Merisier Renuncu- Her, Fr. 4 Bigarreautiers, the Bigarreaiis, or hard- fleshed Cherries ^C. duracina Dec.) 278 2. vulgaris Mill. - 278 Synonymes and Garden Names. — Cer. avium Mcench ; Prunus Cerasus Lin. Sp. ; C. horiensis Pers. Syn. ; C. capro- iiiana Dec. Prod.. Don's Mill. ; P. austera and P. cicida Ehr. Beitr. ; P. CeraS7is var. a. Eng. Flor. : Cherry, Kentish or Flem- ish Cherry, Morello, May Duke: Cerise de Monttnoreney, Cerise de Paris, Cerise a Fruifs ronds, Cerisier du Nord, Ccrisier-. and Griottier in some provinces, F"r. ; Saure Kirsche, Germ. ; Marasco, or Ciliegio, Ital. Ornamental Varieties. 2 flore semipleno i/. 279 3 flore pleno Hort. 279 4 /jersiciflora Hort. 279 5 foliis variegatis i/. 279 Fruit-bearing Varieties. Selection exemplifying the different forms which the varieties of the cultivated j cherries assume,as standard \ trees. — The Bigarreau,But- ner's Yellow, the Kentish Cherry, the May Duke, the Morello, D'Ostheim -279 6 Mardscha - - 280 "Primus Marascha Jacq. B. Species or Varieties culti- vated as ornamental or cu. rious. 3. (v.) semperflorens 281 Pritnus semperflbrens Ehrh. Beitr., P. serolina Both Catal.: the IVeeping Cherry, the All- saints Cherry : Cerise de la Toussaint, Cerise de St. Martin, Cerise tardive, Fr. 4. servulkta G.Don 281 Prunus serrulata, Lindl. Hort. Trans : the double Chi- nese Cherry: Yung. To, Chinese. 5. Pseiido-Cerasus 282 Prtimis Pseildo-Cirasus Lindl. Hort. Trans.; P.pani- culata Ker Bot. Reg., but not of Thunb. ; Yung-To, Chinese. 6. Chamaecerasus L. 282 Siberian Cherry — C. inter- media Poir. Diet. ; P.frvticbsa Pall., according to Besser ; Ce- rasus phmila C.Bauh., accord- ing to Pall. Fl. Ross. ; Chamce- cerasus fruticosa Pers. Syn. 7. prostrala Ser. - 282 Primus prostrdla Hort. Kew. and Lab. PI. Syr. Dec, P. in- cdna Stephen in Mem. See. Mosq. 8. /jersicifolia Lois. 28.3 Prunus -persicifblia Desf.Arb. 9. borealis Micf/x. - 283 Priimis borea'is Poir. Diet. : the Northern Choke Cherry, Amer. 10. piunila jMicLv.,- 283 Pru7ins piunila Lin. Mant., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. : Ci- rasus glaiica Moeneh Meth. : Ragouminier, Nega, Menel du Canada, Fr. ll.(p.)depl•e.ssaP/^. 284 C. phmila Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., not Primus ptimila L. P. Susquehdriie Willd Enum. ed. 2. : Sand Cherry, Amer. 12. pygmse'a Lois. 284 Primzis pygmce a Willd. Sp., Pursh Fl. Arner. Sept. 13. nigra Lois. - 284 Primus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., P. americdna Darlington in .\mer. Lye. N.H. of New York. 14. hyemalis Mickx. 285 Priinus hyemalis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., Elliot Carol. : the black Choke Cherry, Amer. 15. chicasa Michx. - 285 Primus chicasa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., P. i?isil'/tia Walt. Carol. : Chickasaw Plum in Carolina. 16. pubescens Ser. - 285 Primus pubescens Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. and Lodd. Cat. ; P. sj]hu:rocdrpa Miehx. Fl.Bor. Amer., not of Swartz. 17. pennsylvanicai. 286 Prhnus pennsylvanica L. fil. Suppl., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., Willd. Baum. ; P. lanceoldta Willd. Abb. 18. japonica iyo/*. - 286 Primus japonic a Thimb. Fl. Jap. and Lindl. in Bot. Reg., P sinensis Pers. Ench. 2 multiplex Ser. - 286 kmygdalu^ pttmila Lin. Mant. 19. sinensis G.Don 287 20. salicina G. Don 287 Pritnus snlici7ia Lindl. in Hort. Trans. : Ching-Cho-Lee, or Tung-Choh-Lee, Chinese. Species belonging to the preced- ing Subdivisori (B.), not yet introduced. — C. Phoshia Ha- milt., Pritnus ccrasoides D. Don, Ce;as«j Puddum Hoxb., C. glandul6sa, C. aspera, C. incisa Lois., C. htimilis Mor. § ii. Vadi veri Ser. The true Bird. Cherry Kinds oi' Cerasus. A. Species of Bird- Cherry Trees already in Cultivation in Britain. 21. Mahdleb Mill. - 288 Pru.nusM.ahk\ehL. Sp.: Bois de Sainle Lucie, or Prunier oclo- rant, Fr. ; Mahalebs-kirsche, Ger.; Ciliegio canino, Ital. 2 frvictu flavo Hort. 288 3 latifolium Hort. 288 22. Padus Dec. - 289 Primus Pddus Lin. Sp., Hook. Brit. Flora, Smith's Engl. Flora : Bird-Cherry, Foivl Cherry, Hag-berry Swt. : Cerasier A, Grappes, Merisier d Grappes, Laurier-Putier or Putiet, faux Bois de Ste. Lucie, Fr. ; Hag-bier, Swedish ; Trau- beden Kirsche, Ger. ; Ciliegio raniosa, Ital. 1 vulgaris Ser. - £.'89 C. Pddus Dec, N. Du Hm. 2 parvifiora Ser. - 289 3 riibra Ser. - 290 I C. Pddus frUctu ritbro Dec. & Lois. Priinus rubra W., accord- ing to Ait. H. K. 2d ed. 4 bracteosa Ser. - 290 Pddus raciinusa Hort. xvni CONTENTS. 23. virginiana Mx. 291 Priiiuis rubra Ait. Hrt. Kew. 1st ed., Willd. Abb. ; P. ar^^ula Bigelow in Litt. : Cerisier de Virgmie, Fr. ; Virginhche Kirsche, Ger. j Wild Cherry Tree, Amer. '24. (v.) ser6tinaLs.291 American Bird-Cherry Tree. Vrunus serotina Willd. Ab., P. virginicina Mill. Diet. 2 retusa Ser. - 292 25. mollis Doug. - 292 26. Capo/liu Dec. - 292 Vrimus m'rginiana Flor. Mexic. Ic. and MSS., P. cana- densis Moc. et Sesse PI. Mex. Ic. ined., Hern. Mex. 27. nepalensis Se?: 29.3 Vrhnus glaucifolia Wall. MSS. B. Species of Bird-Cherri/ Trees which have not yet been in- troduced, or uf which we have not seen Plants. — C acumi- nJita Wall., C. emargin^ta Doug., C. capriclda G. Don (P. capric'ida Wall., P. un- dulata Hamilt. in D. Don's Prod. Nepal., C. undnlata Dec.), C. canadensis Lois., C. elliptica Lois., C. panicu- lata Lois. - - - 293-4 § iii. Laurocerasi. The Laurel-Cherry Trees. 28. lusitanica Lois. 294 Common Portugal Laurel.—. Friirms lusitanica Lin. Sp. : the Cherri/ Bay : Cerisier Lau- rler du Portugal, Fr. ; Azarei- ro, Portuguese. 2 Hixa Ser. - 294 Vrttmis Hixa Broussonet. P. inultiglandvlhsa Cav. C. Hixa W. et B. Hist. C. 29. Laurocerasus L. 295 Common Laurel Fritnus Laurocerasus Lin. Sp. : Cherry Bay, Cherry Laurel : Laurier auLait, Laurier Cerisier, Lau- rier Amandier, Fr. ; Kirsche Lorbeer, Ger. ; Lauro di Tre- bisonda, Ital. 2 variegata Hort, 295 3 angustifolia Hort. 295 .30. caroliniana M.v. 296 Vrunus caroliniana Ait. Hrt. Kew., P. sempervirens Willd. Knum., Vddus caroliniana Mill. Diet. : Wild Orange, Amer. Sect. II. S'PlR^E^.ffl. VI. Pu'rsh/^ Dec. 297 Tigarea Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., not of Aublet. 1. tridentata Dec. - 297 Tigirea tridentata Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., not of Aublet. VII. K^'^RIA Dec. 298 Wuhas L., Qorchorits Tliunb., Spiris^i Camb. 1. japonica Z)ec. - 298 Riibus japonicus Lin. Mant., Corchorus japonicus Thunb. Fl. Jap., &pirte^a jnponica Camb. Ann. Sci. Nat. : Spiree du Japan, Fr. 2 flore pleno 298 VIII. Spirje'a L. - 299 Spira'^a sp. Cambessedes Mon. Spir. in Ann. Sci. Nat. : Spiree, Fr. ; Spierstaude, Ger. § i. Fhysocarpos Camb. 1. opulifolia L. - 299 Virginian Guelder Rose, Kine Bark, Amer. ; F.vonimo del Canada, Ital. 2 tomentella Ser. - 300 3 monogyna - 300 S. monogyna Torrey. 2. capitata Ph. - 300 S. opulijblia var. Hook. § )i. ChariKvdryon Ser. 3. chamsetlrifolia L. 300 S. cantoniensis Lour. 1 vulgaris Cam. Mow. 300 2 media Ph. Fl. Am. SejU., Camb. Mm. 300 3 oblongifolia CM. 30] S. oblongifolia Waldst. et Kit. PI.' Hung. 4 subracemosa fer. 301 5 incisa Hort. - 301 S. chama-dri. latifblia Ht. 4. (f.) 2(lmifblia Sep. 301 S. chamcEdriJblia Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2 phyllantha Ser. 301 5. (c.) flexuosa Fis. 301 S. alp'ma Hort. Par. accord- ing to Camb. & Fisch. in Litt., 5. sib'irica Hort. Varieties or Synonymes. — S. ilexuosa latitolia Hort., S. daiirica Hort., S. ulmJfblia, S. carpinifolia, S. ftetulafbiia, in Messrs. Loddiges's Collec- tion . - - - 30^ 6. (c.)crat£esif6UaL.302 7. (c.)^ietiilffif61iaP..302 ? S. corymhbsa Raf. in Desv. Journ., ? S. cratiEgifblia Lk. Enum. 8. cana Waldst. et K. 302 9. trilobata L. - 303 S. triloba Don's Mill. 10. alplna Pall. - 303 11. /;ypericif61iaZ)c. 303 Hypericum friitex Hort. : Italian May. 1 uralensis Ser. - 303 S. crenala Lin., Fisch. in Litt., and Don's Mill. S. hypericifblia Camb. M. 2 Plukenetiana Sr. 304 S. hyprricifblia Lin. Sp., Ph., Don's Mill. S. h. var. j3 Dec. Fl. Fr. 3 acuta Ser. - - 304 S. aculifblia Willd. Enm., Camb. Mon., and D. M. S. sibirica Hort. Par., ac- cording to Camb. Mon. S. ambigua Pall. 4 crenata Ser. - 304 S. oboviita Waldst. et Kit, ? in Willd. En., Camb. Monog., Barr. Ic. Rar. S. hyprricifblia y Dec. Fl. S. crenata Lin. Sp., Cam. Mon., Don's Mil., Lo. C. 5 savraniea Ser. - 304 S. savraniea Besser in Litt., Don's Mill. S. crenata Pall. Fl. Ross. S. hi/pericifblia var. 13 Ion. gifbliahed.F\. B.. A.m. 6 Hesscvidna Ser. 304 S. crenata in I^itt. S. savraniea /S SeMOT^na Don's Mill. Other Varieties or Synonymes. — S. inflexa (/jort. Soc. Gard.), S. obovata IVendland (Hort. Soc. Gard.), S. ar- gentea (Lodd. Collection), S. cuneita {do.), S. nana (do.), S. alplna (do.), S. acutifclia {do.), S. decurabens {do.) 304 12. (h.) ^halictroides 305 S. aqteilegifblia Pall. Itin., S. hypericifolia var.fldva, and S. alp'ina latifblia. 13. cuneifolia Wall. 305 S. canescetis Don. Prod., Dec. Prod., Don's Mill. ; S. argenlea Hort. 14. pikowiensis Bes. 305 15. teanothit'olia Hn. 305 16. corymbosa Raf. 306 2 sororia - - 306 S. sororia Pen. in Ht. Br. 17.i'acciniif61iaZ).i>.306 S. Adiantifblia Hort. 18. laxiflora Lindl. 306 19. bella Sims. - 306 § iii. Spirriria Ser. 20. salicifolia L. - 307 Spirce^a friitex Hort. : Bride- worl. Queen's Needlework. 1 carnea Ait. Ht. K. 807 2 alpestris Pal. Fl. 307 S. alpestris Don's Mill. 3 paniculata Willd. Sp., Ait. H. K. - 307 S. dlha Ehrh. Beitr. 4 latifolia inild. Sp. 307 S. obovata Raf. in Litt., not of Walldst. et Kit. according to Willd. En. S. ca?-r'i7iifdlia Willd. En., Don's Slill. 5 grandiflora - 308 S. grandijibra Lod. Bt. C. 6 taurica - - 308 S. ta&rica Hort. Other Varieties or Synonymes. — S. canadensis, S. articae- ft)lia, S. laciniata, S. charaae- CONTENTS. XIX drifblia, S. lanceol^ta, S. cai'pinifolia, S. reflexa, S. in. carnkta. 21. MenziesK Hook. 308 22. tomentosa L. - 308 S. Dougiasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 23. laevigata L. - 30.9 S. aliaicenst's Lax. Nov. Act. Petrop., S. altdica Pall. Fl. Ross. 24. ariaefolia Smith 309 § iv. Sorbdria Ser. 25. 5orbif61ia L. - 309 S. pinnata Mcench Meth. 2 alpina Pal. Fl. R. 309 S. grancliflora Swt. H. Br. S. Pallasii Van's Mill. 26. LindleyanaWal.SiO A Selection of Species - 310 Sect. III. Potenti'lle.*;. IX. Rv^BVS L. - 311 The Bramble. — Konce, Bram- hoisier, Fr. ; Himbeere, Brotn- beerstrauch, Ger. ; Rovo, Ital. § i. Leaves pinnate, of 3 — 7 leaflets. 1. suberectus Ander. 31 1 R. nessensis Hall., K. plicatus W. & N., not of Suppl. to Eng. Bot., which is a smaller form of B affinis }V. %■ N. ; K. cori/li- fblius Wahlenberg. The whole aerji6re7is var.7.,ti. Uu Ham. R. salicifblia Hort. 5 piiinila Lindl. R. 342 6 earyophyllea Red. 342 7 pannosa Red. - 342 8 cruhna. Red. and Don s Mill. - - 3-^2 9 Fraser?a«a Hort. 342 lOrujia Lindl. B. R. 343 1 1 ochroleuca B R. 343 12 flavescens - - 343 The true tea-scented China Buse. 13 Blairu D. Don - 343 50. semperHorens C. 343 li.ditiersifblia Vent. Cels., R. bengulensis Pers Ench., R. indica Red. Ros. 51. Lawrence Ronalds. C. edulis^ Lodd. Cat. C. pentagynaflava Godef. 5 brevispina Doug. 356 4. ^jynfolia .^if. - 356 C .leucophlce^ us {white-barked) Moench Weiss., C. radiata Lod. Cat. 1S.36, C. tomentbsa Du Roi Harbk., C. lat:folia Rers., Mespiius latifblia Lam. Enc, jVL calpodenarun Ehrli. Beitr., M. ■pyrifolia Link Enum., M. cornifolia Poir., C. latijdlia Ro- nalds, C. cornifblia Booth : Lazzarollo perino,. Ital. § iii. Macracanthce. 5. macracantha Lorf. 357 C. glandulosa /3 ntacrdntha Lindl., C. spina loiigissima Hammersmith Nursery, C. \>y- rifblia Torrey. 2 minor - - 358 § iv. Crus-gdlli. 6. Criis ijalli L. - 358 C. Ihcida Wan!?. Am., Mill. Diet.; C, cuncifolia Loiid. Cat.; Mespiius Iticida Ehrh. Beitr., M. Crus-galli Poir.; M. hye. vialis Walt. ; M. cuntifblia Mcenoli : "Scflier Pied dc Coq, Fr. ; Ciltiiixe?ide Mispel, Ger. ; Lazzarollo spiiioso, Ital. 2 spltindens Dec. - 359 C. M-hutifbliaRndC sp n- dens Lodd. Cat. 3 /jyracanthif. Z>ec. - 359 C. pyracant/iifblia Lodd. Cat. Mespilns Ificida Dum. Cours. Bot. Cult. 4 salicifolia Dec. • 360 C. salicifolia. 5 linearis Dec. - 360 Mespiius linearis Desf Arb. C. linearis Lodd. Cat. 6 nana Dec. Prod. 360 Mespiius nina Dum. .Sup. 7. (c.)oviilif61ia//or?i, 360 C. clliptica Lodd. Cat., C. Crus-gdlli ovalifulia Bot. Reg. 8. (c) prunifolia Bosc 36 1 Mispilus prunifblia Poir. Diet., C. carolniidna Lodd. Cat. : Lazzeruolino, Ital. § V. NigrtB. 9. nigra W. c^ JT. - 362 Mespiius rl/gra W^illd. Enum., C.carpdfica Lodd. Cat. ? C. fiisca Jacq. - 362 10. purpiu'ea Bosc 363 C. sanguinea Hort. 2 altaica - - 363 C. altaica Lodd. Cat. § vi. Douglas'n. 11. DouglasH Lindl. 364- § vii. FldvcB. 12. flava J?i!. - 364 C. glandulbsa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., not of Walt. ; Mes- piius Mic/iaUm Fers. Syn. ; C. caroliniana Poir. Diet. ; C. Jiavissi?na Hort.; C. i turbi- nata Pursh. 13. (f.) \ohhia Bosc .365 Mespiius lohdta Poir. Suppl., C. lUtea Poir. 14. (f ) trilobata L. 366 C. spinos'issima Lee. § viii. ApiifolicB. 15. ft'piifolia ALr. - 366 C. Oxyacdntha Walt. Ca- roi., C. apiifblia major Lodd. Cat. 2 minor - - 366 C. spiifblia Lodd. Cat. § ix. MicrocdrpcB. 16. cordata Hm. - 367 Mespilns Pluenopyrum L., M. cordata Mill., C. -populi- fblia Walt. Car. and Pursh Sept., M. acerifblia Poir. Diet. 17. spathiilata FJ/iot 367 C. microcdrpa Lindl. Bot. Reg., C. y/o;/da Godefroy. 2 geurgica - - 368 C. geSrgica Lod. § X. Azaroli. 18. Aznrolus L. - 368 Vyrus Azaroius Scop. Carii.., J. Bauh. Hist. ; Mespiius Aza- r61us All. Fed., N. Du Ham. : Siflier Azarole, Neflier dt Naples, E'pine d'Espngne, Pommcttes a deux Closes, Fr. , Azarol Mispel, Ger. ; Azze- ruolo. Ital. J^ars. — In tiid.N. Du Ham. are enumerated : — 1. 3/es- pilus y/ronia, with the leaves hairy beneath ; 2. Azarole, with" large deep-red fruit ; 3. Azarole, with yellowish white fruit ; 4. Azarole, with long fruit of a whitish yellow ; .5. Azarole, with double flowers ; 6. The White Azarole of Italy. - - - - 369 19. (.(i.) maroccana 369 ? C. madi-a Lin. fil. Sup. ac- cording to Dec. : Sarrour, Arabic. 20. /ironia Bosc - 370 Mespiius Arbnia\Yi\\d.Jiuum. Suppl. and N. Du Ham., C. Azar61us /3 Willd. sp., C.fissa Lodd. Cat. 21. orientals Bosc 371 Mespiius orientdlis Tourn and Poir. Suppl., C. odoratis' sinia Bot. Rep. and Lod. Cat., C. tanacetifblia var. ^ taUrica Dec. Prod. 2 sanguinea - 371 C. sanguinea Schrad. Ind. Sem.H. Ac. Got. 1834. C. orientdlis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22. tanacetitolia P. 372 Mespiius tanacetifblia Poir. Diet, and X. Du Ham., M. pinndta Dum. Cuurs., ? Mes- pilus Celsikna. Dum. Cours. Suppl. according to Dec. : Lazzeruolo turco, Ital. 2 glabra Lodd. - 372 3 Leea«a - - 372 C. incisa Lee. Lee's Seedling, Hort. § xi. Heterophylla. 23. heterophylla F. 374 ^ ^ xii. OxyacanthtB. 24. Oxyacantha L. 375 Thecornmon Hawthorn. — Py- racdntha of the Greeks ; Mes- pilns Oxyacdntlia Gaertn. and N. DuFiam.: E'pine blanche, noble E'pine, Bois de Mai, Scuelleir Aubepine, Neflier Aub- epine, Fr. ; Hogedorti gemei- tierWeissdorn,(ier. ; Hagetoan, Dan. ; Hagetorn, Swed. ; A- canta da Siepe, Azzarolo salva- tico, and Bianco Spina, Ital. ; Espino bianco. Span, : M'hiie Thorn, Maybzish, Uuick, Quick- set, May. A. Varieties dig^ering from the Species in the general Form and Mode of Growth. 2 stricta Zorf. Cat. 375 C. O. rigida Ronalds. 3 pendufa Lod. Cat. 376 4 reginaj Hort. - 376 Queen Mary's Thorn. 5 Celsidna Hort. 37" CONTENTS. xxm 6 capitata Sm. Ayr 377 7 flexuosa Sm. Ayr 577 B. Varieties, differing in the Colour of the Flowers. 8 rosea Hort. - 377 E'pinier Marron, Fr. 9 punicea Lod. Cat. 377 C. O. rosea superba Hort. C. Varieties differing in the Developement or Structure of the Flowers. 10 multiplex Hort. 377 C. O. fibre plena Hort. 11 punicea fl. pleno 377 12mon6gyna - 377 C. monogyna Jacq. 13 apetala Lod. Cat.^,!! D. Varieties differing in the Time of Flowering. 14 prae'cox Hort. - 377 The Glastonbury Thorn. 15 sibirica - - 377 C. sibirica Lodd. Cat. C. monogyna L. 16 transylvanica^. 377 E. Varieties differing in the Colour of the Fruit. 17 melanocarpa - 378 C. fissa Lee. CO. platyphylla Lod. Cplatyphylla Lindl. 18 0/u-enana - - 378 C. Oliverikna Bosc. C. Oth'eria Lodd. Cat. C. orientalis Lodd. Cat. 19 aurea Hort. - 379 C. flciva Hort. 20 aurantiaca Booth 379 21 leucocarpa - 379 F. Varieties differing in having the Fruit woolly. 22 eriocarpa Lindl. 379 C. eriocarpa Lodd. Cat. G. J'arieties differing in the Fortn of the Leaves. 23 obtusata Dec. P. 379 Mespilus Oxyacdntha in- tegrifbliaW allr.Sched. C. oxyac(iii//w/des Thuil. Fl. Bot. Keg. Dec. Fl. C. Oxyacdntha Fl. Dan. The French Hawthorn. 24 ^uercifolia B. 380 25 laciniata - - 380 C. lacitiiata Lodd. Cat. 26 /Jteridifolia - 381 C. pterifot/a Led. Cat. 27 oxyphylla Mone. S81 H. Varieties differing in the Colour of the Leaves. 28 foliisaureisZ,.C.381 C. lulescens Booth. 29 foliis argenteis 381 30 liicida - - 381 ^ xiii. ParvifdlicB. 25. parvifolia Ait. - 383 Mespilus axillaris Pers.Syn. ; M. tomentbsa Poir. Diet. ; M. xanthocdrpos Lin. fil. Suppl. ; M. parvifolia Wats. Dend. Brit.; Crattt^gus tomentosahm. Sp., Trew Khr. ; C uniflora I Du Roi ; C. iurbinita Pursh ; C. viridis, axiltaris, hetuli/olia, ifiorida, linearis Lodd. Cat. : ~ Gooseberry-leaved Thorn, Lord Jley's Thorn. 2 florida - . 383 C../?or;'rf(Z Lodd. Cat. 3 grossuiariafolia 383 C. linearis Lodd. Cat. ! 26. virginica Lodd. 384 C. virginidna Hort. ; C. spa- I thuldta Michx., Lindl. ; C. vi- ridis Hort. $ xiv. Mexicana. 27. mexicana Moc. 384 C. stipjildcea Lodd. Cat., C. Lambertikna Hort. § XV. Vyracdntha. 28. Pyracantha Pers.3So Mespilus Vyracdntha L. : j Evergreen Thorn : Buisson ar- j dent, Fr. ; inimergriine Mispel, Ger. \, Agaxzino, Ital. 2 crenulata Hort. - 385 C. crenulata Hort. XV.Stranv.e^s/^ L.403 CratiE'gus in pent. 1. glaucescens Lind/AOS CratcE^gits glaHcaWaU. Cat. XVI. Photi'nia L. 403 Cratts^gus sp. L. 1. serrulata Lind/. 404 CratiE^gus glabra Tlumb. Fl. Jap., Bot. Mag., Lodd. Bot. Cav., CoUa Hort. Ripul. 2. ffrbutifolia LindL 404 CrattE^gus arbutifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. integrifolia Lindl. 405 Vi/rvs integerrima Wall, ex D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 4. dubia Lindl. - 405 Mespilus bengalensis Roxb., M. tinctbria D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., Cratcs'gus Shicola Ham. MSS. XVII. Cotonea'ster. Mespilus sp. L. : Kefiier co- tonneux, Fr. ; Quitlen- Mispel, Ger. ; Cotognastro, Ital. ^ i. Leaves deciduous. Shrubs. 1. vulgaris LindL - 406 Mespilus Cotonedster Lin. Sp., CEd. Fl. Dan. ; ^^eflier cotonnetix, i-r. ; QuiltenMispel, Ger. ; Salciagnolo, Ital. 1 erythrocarpa Led. 406 2 melanocarpa Led. 406 Mespilus Cotonedster Pall. Fl. Ross. M. melanocarpa Fisch. C. melanocarpa Lodd. C. 3 depressa Fries Nov. Stiec, Dec. Prod. 2. (v.) tomentosa Zy.406 Mespilus tomenlbsa Willd. a 4 Sp., not Lam. ; M. eriocarpa Dec. Fl. Fr. Synops. and Sup. 3. (v.) laxiflora .Jacq.-i07 2 uniflora Fischer 407 4. denticulata - - 407 § ii. Sub-evergreen or deci- duous. Tall Shrubs or low Trees. 5. frigida IVa/l. - 407 Vyrus Nussia Ham. in Prod. Fl. Kep., Dec. Prod. 6. (f.) affinis LindL 408 Mespilt/s integerrima Ham. MSS., M. affinis D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., ? C. kumdna, in Lodd. collection. 7. acuminata LindL 409 Mespilus acumindla Lodd. Bot. Cab. 8. nuinmularia LindL-iOd C. elliptica Hort., Eriobo- trya elliptica Lindl., Mespilus Cuile Hort.. ? C. Ice-vis in Lodd. collection. § iii. Leaves evergreen, leathery. Low Shrubs, with prostrate Branches ; Trailers, but not pro- perly Creepers. 9. rotundifolia JVallAlO C. 7nicropliylla /3 U'va-Hrsi Lindl. But. Reg., C. U'va-Hrsi Hort. : the Bcarberry-ieaved Nepal Cotoneaster. 10. (r.) microphvHa411 11. (r.)iuxif61ia"ir'. 411 • 2 marginata - - 411 C. marginata Lindl. XVIII. Amela'nchier Mespilus L., Fyrus W., Arbnia Pers. 1. vulgaris Mcench 412 Mespilus Amelanchier Lin. Sp., Jacq. Ft. Austr. ; Vyrus Amelanchier Wild. Sp.; Arbnia rotundifolia Pers. Syn. ; Cra- tiz'gus rotundifblia Lara. ; Sy;'- fiwi- Amelanchier Crantz: Alisier Amelanchier, Amelanchier des Bois, Nifiier a Feuilles rondes, Fr. ; Felsenbirne, Ger. ; Pero cervino, Ital. 2. fv.) Botryapium 412 Mespilus canadensis Lin. Sp., M. arbbrea Michx. Arb., Cratis'gus racembsa Lam. Diet., Vyrus Botryapium Lin. fil. Suppl. ; Arbnia Botryapium Pers. Syn., the Canadian Med- lar, Snoicy Mespilus, June Berry, u'ild Pear Tree : All- , sier de Choisy, Amelanchier de Choisy, Alisier a Grappes, Fr. ; Traubenbirne, Ger. 3. (v.) sanguinea - 413 Vyrtis sanguinea Pursh F5. Amer. Sept., Arbnia sangui- nea Nutt., Mespilus canaden- XXIV CONTENTS. SIS ■/ rotittidifoUa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 4. (v.) ovalis Dec. +13 Cratie'gus spicata Lam. Diet. ?, Mespilus Amelanchier IValt. Car., A. parviflura Doug. M.SS.; M. caniidhtsh vnr. x ovalis Michx. Am.. P^- rus ovalis Willd. Sp., Arbuia ovalis Pers. Syn. : Amrlayi- chier du Canada, Alisier a E'pi, Fr. ; rundblattrigc Birne, Ger. 2 subcordata Dec. 414 Aroma subcordata Raf. Mains microciiipa Raf. 3 semi-integn'tolia 414 5. (v.) florida Liwrf/. 41 + 2 parvifolia - - 414 A. parviflilia Hort. Soc. XIX. Mespilus L.+1+ The Medlar Mespilus sp. of Lin. and others, Mfspilo- p/iora sp. of Neck. : Ncjiier, Fr. ; Mispel, Ger. ; Nespolo. Ital. 1. germanica L. 415 1 sy]\cstr\-i Mil. Dic.4 16 2 s'tricta Dee. Ait. 416 8 diffusa Dec. Jit. 416 Cultivated Varieties 1 . Blake's large-fruited ?yrifdlia Lam. Diet., \ronia pyrijblia Pers. Syn., ?Crati:e'gus serrata Poir. Suppl., Mes/iitus srbut'fbtia Schmidt Arb., Will. Diet. 2 intermedia Lindl. 446 3 serotina Lindl. - 446 4 pumila - - 446 Mespilits pumila Lodd. 37. (rt. ) nielanocarpa 447 P. Arbutijolia /3 Willd. Sp., Arbnia Mbntifblia Pers. Syn., Iilespilus capitdta Lodd., M. ! floribOnda Lodd., 51. piibens I Lodd Cat. I 2 subpubescens L. 447 38. («.)floribiindai.447 39. (a.) depressa L. 448 40. (fl.) piibens i. -448 41. (a) grandiiolia L. 448 § viii. Chamcemespilus Dec. 42. ChamtEmespihis 449 Crata;' gns Chamiemespilus Jacq. Austr., Mes/)//MS Chamte- mespilus Lin. '>\i.,S6i bus Cha- mcemespilus Crantz Austr.: the Bastard Quince : niedriger il/s. pelbaum, Ger. ; Catnemespolo, Ital. Other Species of Pyriis. — P. a]m{b\\a Lindl., P.tomentdsa Dec. Prod., Malzis tomentbsa Dum. Cours., P. rubicdnda Hoffmans. XXI, Cydo-xia 7". -450 The Quince Tree. — Vyrus sp. Lin., Coigtiassier, Fr. ; Quittenbaum, Ger. ; Cotogno, Ital. 1 . vulgaris Per.>i. - 450 Vyrus Cydbnia Lin. Sp., Jacq. Austr. ; C. europw a Sav. 1 pyriformis Hort. 450 2 maliformis Hort. 450 3 lusitanica Du H. 451 2. sinensis Thouin - 451 Vyrus siyiensis Poir. Suppl. 3. japonica Pers. - 452 ? Vyrus japdnica Thunb. Fl. Jap. and Bot. Mag., Chceno. meles japhnica Lindl. Lin. Tr. 2 flore albo - - 452 3 fl. seini-pleno - 452 Ca lye a nlli dcece. I. Calyca'nthus L. 4.52 American Allspice Caly- canthisp. Lin., Lam., Willd.; BUttner'\!i DuHnm.,not of Lin.; Beurriria. Ehret Pict. ; Bas- teria. Adnrts. Fam. ; Pompa- doHra. Buchoz : Calycanlhe. Fr. ; Geicuizstra?ec.Prorf. 456 2 rub.fl.pl. Trew - 457 3 albescens ZPecPr. 457 XXVI CONTENTS. 4 albescens fl.pleno 457 5 flavum Hort. - 457 2. (G.) nana L. - 457 p. americdna ndtia Tourn., P. Grandtum ndnum Pers. TamaricacecB. I. Ta'marix Besv. 458 The Tam-my.— The species of Tamarix of authors that have 4-5 stamt-ns : Tamaris, Fr. ; Tamarisken, Ger. ; Tamarice, Ital. I. gallica L. - 458 T. narbonensis Lob. Ic, Tamnrlscus gdlh'cus All., Tn- mariscvs pentdndrus Lam. Fl. Fr., not of Pall. : Mirice, Ital. Varieties . - - 458 II. MYRiCARLiDe^. 459 The species of Tdmarix of authors that have monadelphous stamens. 1. germanica Desv. 459 Tdmarix gerjndnica Lin. Sp., Tatnar/scus decandrus Lam. Fl. Fr., Tatnarix decdii- dra Moench, Tatuarisciis ger- mdnicus Lob. Ic. : Tamaris d Allemagne, Fr. ; Beutschen Tamarisken, Grr. ; Tamarigia piccola, Ital. 2 dahurica Dec. - 459 Tdmarii dahUrica Willd. Act. Berol. Vhiladelphdcece. 1. Philade'lphusL.460 The MockOrange. — Syringa Tourn. Inst., not ol" Lin. : Phi- ladelphiis. Fr. ; Pfeifenstrauch (pipe shrzib), Ger. ; Filadelpho, Ital. ; Pipe Privet, Gerard ; the Syri7iga of the gardens. § i. Sfems^Miffand straight. Flowers in Racemes. 1. coronarius L. - 460 .Syringa suaveolcns Moench Meth. : wohlriechender Pfeif- enstrauch, Ger.; Fior angiolo, Ital. 1 vulgaris Sch. Han. 461 2 nanus Mill. Diet. 461 S flora pleno L.Cat.461 4 variegatus L. Cat. 461 2. (c.) inodorus L. 461 Sj-ringa i7ioddra Moench ; P. luxus in various English gardens : Silindia senz' odore, Ital. 3. (c.) Zeyheri Sch.461 4. verrucosus SrhradA62 P. grandiflbrvs Lindl. Bot. Reg., Lodd. Cat. 1836, 5. (v.) latifolius 5'cA.462 P. pubtscens Cels. Hort., Lois. Herb. Amat. 7. speciosus Schrad. 463 p. grandiflorus of German gardeners, P. grandiflorus Idx- us of other gardeners. 8. Gordonidjius Lin. 46-3 § ii. Stems more slender, rambling, twiggy, and loo.se. Flowers solitary, or 2 or Z together. 9. la.\us Schrad. - 464 P. hiimilis Hort., P. pubes- cens Lodd. Cat. 1836. 10. (1.) grandiflorus 464 p. i7iodbrns Hort., P. Idxus Lodd. Cat. 1836 11. hirsutus Nutt. - 464 P. villbsus Lodd. Cat., P. gracilis Lodd. Cat. 12. tomentosus 1Val/.4:6o P. nepalensis Lodd. Cat. 1836, 'f V.triflbrusKoyXe. Other Species ofVhiladelphus — P. mexiuaniis Sch. - 465 II. Deutz/.^ Thun. 465 Vhiladelplius, in part ; Lep- tospermuni, in part. 1. scabia - - 466 2. (s.) corymbosa 466 D. canescens .Sieboldt, Vhi- ladelphits cory?nbdsus Wall. Other Species of Deiitxia. D. staminea l>'. Br. ( Vkiladilphus stamineus W.), D. Bruiion/a Wall. (Lcptosperimim scd- brum W.) ... 466 III. Decuma'riaZ. 466 Forsyth\a. Wait., not of Vahl. 1. barbara L. - - 467 D. rad'/cans Mcench Mcth., D. Forsyth\s. Michx. FL Bor. Amer., D. prostrdta Lodd. Cat. 2 sarmentosa Dec. 467 jD. sarmentosa Bosc. Forsyllna scdndens Walt. Nitrariacea. I. NiTRA ria L. - 468 J. Sclioberi L. - 468 1 sibirica - 468 N. sibiricaFaX). Fl. Ross. 2 caspica - - 468 N. caspica Pall. Fl. Ross. Other Species of Nitrdria. — N, tridentata Bes/. - - 4G8. Gross2ilacece. I. Ri'BEs L. - - 468 Grossiildria Tourn. ; Chry- sobotrya, Calohotrya, Corcosma, and R^bes Spnch : Groseiller; Fr. ; Joharmis/ieere, Ger. ; Kruisbes, Dutch ; Uva Spina, Ital. ; Grossella, Span. § i. Grossidarice Ach. Gooseberries. 6. (v.)floribundus S. 463 Groseiller d Maquereau, Fr. ; Stachelbeere Sfrauch, Ger. , Kruisbes, Dutch ; Uva Spina, Ital.; Grosella, Span. A. Flowers greenish white. 1. oxyacanthoides i(.469 2. setosum Lindl. 470 3. triflorum W. - 470 R. stamineum Horn. Enum. Hort. Hafn. ; R. t. mdjus Hurt. 4. (t.) nlveum Lindl. 4^70 5. (t.) Cynosbati L. 471 R. ? triflbrum var. 1 fructu glabro - 4 71 2 fructu aculeiito - 471 6. (t.)divai-icatumZ>.471 R. ? triflorum var., R. ? Grossuldria var. triflbra S7ibvar. 7. (t.) irriguum D021. 472 R. ? triflorum var. 8. hirtellum Michx. 472 9. gracile Michx. 472 10. aciculare Smith. 472 R. V^va-crispa Sievers in Pall. Nord. Beytr., ? Pall. Fl. Ross. 11. Grossularial,. 473 R. ITva crlspa CEd. Fl. Dan., Grossuluria hirsiila, Mill. Diet., R. ITvn.cnspa var. 5. sativa Dec. Fl. Fr. : Feaberry. Cheshire and the North of England ; Fcabes, Norfolli ; Grozert, in Scot- land : Groseiller a Maquereau, Fr. ; Gristile, in Piedmont ; gemeine Stachelbeere, Ger. ; Uva Spina, Ital. 2 UVa-crispa Smith 47:J R. Wva-crispa Lin. Sp. ITva-crispa Fuch. Hist. ITva-spma Math.Valgr. R. U'va crispa var. 1 syt- \ vestris Berlandier. 3 spinosissima Berl. 475 4 reclinata Berl. - 473 R. reclindtutn Lin. Sp. Grossuldria reclinata Mil Diet. 5 Bessermraa Berl. 473 R. hybridum Besser. 6 sublnermis Berl. 473 7 maerocarpa Dec. 473 8 bracteata Berl. - 473 9 himalayana - 473 R. himalaydnum Royle. Other V.irieties.—The Red Champagne, or Ironmon- ger, Horseman's Green- Gage, the Red. B. Flmvers red. 12. speciosum Pwr-s/i 474 R.stamineam Smith inRees's Cycl., Dec. Prod. ; ?R./kc/?s- ioldes Fl. Mex. ic. ined. ; IX. triacdnthum Menzics. CONTENTS. XXVIl 13. Menzieszi Pli. - 475 R.ferox Smith in Rees's Cycl. Other Species. — R. microphyl- lum H. B. et Kunth. § ii. Botrycurpum Dec. 14. orientale Fair. - 475 15. saxatile Pall. - 475 ? R. alpinum Sievers in Pall. NTord. Beytr. 16. Diacantha Z^.y?/. 475 17. lacustre Poir. - 476 ? R. o.ryacantholdesMichyi.Y\. Bor. Amer. 2 echinatum - - 476 R. echinatum Dougl.MS. R. armHtum Hort-. § iii. Ribesia D. Currants. Ribes species of Linnaeus and others ; Cnlooutrya, Coreosma and Rebis S/iach : Grosseilles en Grappes, or Groscillier commun, Fr. ; Johannisbeere, Ger. ; Besscnboom, Dutch ; Ribes, Ital. A. Flowers greenish, or greenish yellow, or reddish ; and Fruit, in a wild State, red. 18. rubriim L. - ^Ti R. vulgare N. Bu Ham. ; Groseillier commun, Fr. ; gc- mei?ie Johannisbeere, Ger. ; Aalbessen Bourn, Dutch ; Ribes rosso, Ital. 1 sylvestre Dec. Fr. 477 2 horteiise Dec. - 477 R. rdbrum Lois. Kouv. Diet. 3 carneum Berl. M. 477 R. rubrum dowisticum 2 baccis cdrneis Wallr. Sched. 4 variegatuni Dec. 477 5 album Desf. Cat. 477 6 foliis luteo variegatis Duh. - - 477 7 foliis albo variegatis Duh. - - 477 8 sibiricum Oldaker 'iTt 19. (r.) alpinum L. 4:77 R. dioicum Masters. 1 sterile JFallr. Sched. 477 R. dioicum Ma-nch Meth. 2 baccifermii Wallr. 478 3 pumilum Lindl. - 4V"8 4 foliis variegatis - 478 20. (r.) petra^ um W. 478 R.«/p;n? tpthiopicum Bauh. Pin.; Seseli friitex Mor. Umb. Other Species of Bupleiirum. — Ji. frutescens/,., B. gibralta- rica Lam. (B. arborescens Jaeq.IcR.) - - - 495 AralidcecB. I. Ara LiA L. - 496 The Angelica Tree. — ArAlia sp. Lin., Aralice vera: Blum. 1. spinosa L. - - 496 Aralie, Fr. and Ger..; Angelica spinosa, Ital. ; Spikenard, N. Amer. 2. japonica Thunb. 497 11. T/e'dera Swartz 497 The Ivy. — Aralia sect. Gym- nopterum Blum. Bijdr., Uidera and Aralia sp. Lin. : Lierre, Fr. ; Epiten, Ger. ; Edera, Ital. 1. i/elix L. - - 497 1 vulgaris Dec. - 498 2 canariensis Dec,. 498 H. canariensis Willd. The Irish, or Giant, Ivy. ? 3 chrysocarpa Dec. 498 Vi. poitica C. Bauh. H. chrysocdrpos Dalech. H. "Dionysias J. Bauh. H. Helix Wall. 4 161. argenteisZ. C.498 5 foliis aureis L. C. 498 6 digitata Lod. Cat 498 7 arborescens L. C. 498 Yiamayneliddcece. I. i/AMAME^IS L. 499 The Wyc)i Hazel. — Trilbpus Mith. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 8. App. : Hamamelide, Ital. 1. virginica L. - 499 Hamamelie de J'irginie, Fr. ; J'irginische Zauhernuss, Ger. ; Pistacchio nera delta Virginia, Ital. 2 parvifolia A^?(«. - 499 3 macrophylla - 499 H. macrophylla Pursh. II. Fothergi'll^ L. 1. rtlnifolia L. - 500 [ F. Gdrdem Michx. Fl Bor. Amer., Hamainelis monoica Lin. ex Smith in Ilees's Cycl. 1 obtiisa Sims B.M. 500 F. major Bot. Cab. F. ahiifdlia Lin. fil. Sup. 2 acijta Sim.i - - .'300 F Gdrrietn Jaeq. Ic. Bar. 3 major Sims B. M. 500 Qornacece. I. CVrnus L. - 501 The Dogwood. — Cornouiller, Fr. ; Harlriegel, Ger. ; Cor- niolo, Ital. § i. Niidiflora Dec. A. Leaves alternate. 1. alternitolia L. - 501 C. altirna Marsh. B. Leaves opposite. 2. sansiuinea L, - 502 C. fce'mi7ia Rai Syn., Virga sangumea Watth. Valgr. : Fe- male Cornel, Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree, Hotmd's-berry Tree, Prichvood, Galen, or Gotten Tree, Gater or Gatter Tree, Calteridge Tree, vii^' Cornel : Corno'uiller sauvage, sanguin, or femelle, Puine, or Bois punais, Fr. ; rother Harl- riegel, Ger. ; Sanguinello, Ital. 2 Purshii Don's M. 502 C. sanguinea Pursh. 3 foliis variegatis - 502 3. alba L. - - 503 C. stolon'ifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., C. taidrica Mill. Icon. 2 circinata Don's M. 503 C. circinata Cham, et S. 3 sibirica Lodd. Cat. 503 4. (a.) stricta L. - 503 C. fastigiida Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. ; C. sanguinea Walt., but not of Lin ; C. c-yanocdrpos Gmel. Syst. Veg., C. cana- densis Hort. Par., C. ccertilea Bleerb. Icon., but not of Lam. 2 asperifolia - 504 C. asperifolia Lodd. Cat. 3 sempervirens - 504 C. sempervirens Lod. Cat. 5. (a.) paniculata /f. 504 C. racemosa Lam. Diet.; C. fiv'mina Mill. Diet. ; C. citri- fblia Hort. Par 2 albida Ehrh. - 504 3 radiata Pursh - 504 0. (a.)sericeai>'//. 504 C. laniiginbsa Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. ; C. lilba Walt. Fl. Car., but not of Lin. ; C. ccerhlea Lam. Diet. ; C. Kmbmum Du Roi Havbk. ; C. rubiginbsa Ehrh. Beitr. ; C. fcrruginea HoVt. Par. ; C. candidi.ssima Mill. ; C. cyanocdrpos Moench, but not of (imel. 2 oblongifolia Dec. 504 C. oblongifolia Rafin. 7. (a.) circinata L'//. 505 C. tomentbsa Michx. Fl Bor. Amer., C. rugbsa Lam. Diet., C. virginiana Hort. Par. 8 oblonga Wall. - 505 C.pnniculdta Hamilt. ex D. Dc)n Prod. Fl. Nep. § ii. InvobicratcB Dec. 9. rnas L. • - 505 The Cornel, or Cornelian Cherry Tree. — C. mdscula L'Herit. Corn., Long Cherry Tree : Cornelia, Cornouiller male. Comes, Corneilles, Fr. ; Kornel Kirsche, Harlriegel, Ger. ; Corgnolo. Ital. 2 fructu cerae coloris N. Du Ham. 506 3 variegatus - 506 ]0. Horida L. 507 Virginian Dogwood. Other Species of Cornns. — C. grandis Schlecl., C. officinalis ^ 507 II. Bentham/.j L. 507 Cornus sp. Wall., Dec, and G. Don. CONTENTS. XXIX 1. fragifera Lindl. - 508 Cornus capitdta Wall, in Roxt). Fl Ind., Don's Mill.: C/iiing-ziia, in Nepal ; B/m- mowro, in Serampore. Other Species uf Benthimii — B. japonica - - - 508 Loranthdcea. I. Fi'scuM L. - 508 Tlie Mistletoe. — Misseldine, Gui, or Gui/, Fr. ; Mist/, or Missel, Ger. ; I'isco, or J'isc/iio, Ital. ; Legainadoga, Span. 1. album L. - - 509 II. LORANTHUS L. 510 ]. europae'us L. - 511 lU. Au cUBAThnnh. o\l Aucuba. Kismpf. Amoen., Eu- basis Salisb. Prod. 1. japonica Thitnb. - 51 1 Ehbasis diehotonius .Salisb. Prod. : spotted-lea'ied Laurel, Japan Laurel. CaprifoliacecB. Sect. I. -Jambu'ce^. I. (Sambu^cus TV>?/?h.513 The Elder. — V/ii/tLitma Lour. Coch., but not of i^in. A Leaves pinnate. Flowers cyinose, ur corymbose. 1. nigra L. - - 513 Bourtry, or Bour Tree, Arn- iree, Scotch ; Sureau, Fr. ; Hollander, Ger. ; Sambuco, Ital. ; Sauco, and Satnbuco, Span. ; Flaeder, Swed. ; Hylde, Dan. 2 virescens Dec. - 514 S. virescens Desf. Arb. Fr. 3 leucocarpa - - 514 4 laciniata - - 514 S. laciniata Mill. Diet. 5 rotundi folia - 514 6 monstrosa - - 514 S. }no7istrdsa Hort. 7 fciliis argenteis - 514 8 foliis luteis - 514 2. canadensis L. - 515 B. Leaves pinnate. Flowers panifled. 3. racemosa L. - 515 S. montdna Cam. Epit. ; S. cerv'mi Tabern. : Sa?nbuco man- tana, Ital. 2 laciniata iCoeA - 515 3. (r.) pubens Mx. - 516 S. racetndsa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am., not of Lin.; S. pubescens Lodd. Cat. 2 heptaphylla Hook. 516 II. Fibu'rnum L. - 515 O'pulus, \ihurnum. and Ti- nus, Tciurn. Inst. ; \ibdrnum and O'pulus Moench Meth. : I'inrne, Fr. ; Sclineeball, Ger. ; Viburno, Ital. § i. Tiiius Tourn. 1. rinus L. - - 516 The Laurustinus V. \auri- Jorme Lam. Fl. Fr., 'Tlnus Tourn. Inst., Tmus \aurijolia Borkh. in Hoem. Arch. : the Laurnstine, wild Bale Tree, Gerard : I'iorne, Laurier Tin, Ital. ; Lorbeerartiger Schnee- ball, or Schtralkenstrauch, Ger. ; Lagro salvatico, and Lauro Tiuo, Ital. 2 hirta Ait. H. Kew. 517 V. Tmiis Mill Diet. V. liicidzim Mill., Pers., Schultes. 3 liicida Ait. - - 517 4 virgata Ait. - 517 5 stricta Hort. - 5 1 7 § ii. Yibiirnum Tourn. 2. Lentago L. - - 517 Tree Viburnum, Canada I'i- burnum : Viorne luisaiite, Fr. ; Birn-blaltriger Sclineeball, Ca- nadische Schwalkenbeerstrauch, Schumlkemtrauch, Ger. 3. ( L. )^;runitt)liumi. 518 V. Lentago Du Roi. 4. (L.);)yrif6iiumP. 518 5. (L.)niidum L. - 519 V. pyrijolium Poir. 2 squamatum - 5 1 9 V . sgua7ndtu?nV/iild. En. 6. ca.ssinoides L. - 519 V, punctdtuni Rafin. 7. (c.)laevigatuin W. 519 V. cassino«/t'« Du Roi Harbk., V .lanceoldtiim Hill. Hort. Kew., V. carolinidnvm Hort., Cas- slne pardgua Lin. Mant., C. co- rymbbsa Mill. Icon. : 7'Ae ame- ricano, Ital. 8. Lantana L. - - 520 The Wayfaring Tree V. to- mentbsum Lam. Fl. Fr. : wild Guelder Rose, pliant-branched Mealy Tree : I'ioriie cotun- neuse, Camara, Viorne com- mune, Condre-nioinsinne , Mon. cienne, Fr. ; Schlings/rauch, wolligcr Schneebnll, or Schical- kenstrauch, Ger. ; Lentaggine, Ital, 2 grandifolia Ait. - 520 V. L. latifblia Lodd. Cat. 3 foliis variegatis - 520 9. (L.)lantanoides - 520 American Wayfaring Tree. — V. Lanfdiia /S grandifblia Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1. ; V. grandi- fblium Smith in Rees's Cycl. ; V. Lantdna canadensis Pers. Ench.: Hobble Bush, Amer. 10. (L.)dahuriciim - 521 Lonicera mongolica Pall. Fl. Ros., Cornus d'uiirica Laxm. 1 1. (?L.) cotinifolium 521 V. Miillaha Ham. in D. Dun Prod. Fl. Nep. 12. dentatum L. - 521 V. dentdtuni lucidmn Ait. Hort. Kew., V . dentatum gla- bellum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.: Arrow-ii'oud : Viorne dentee, Fr. Varieties V. d. pubescens, V. d. foliis variegatis, V. acuminatum, r. longif61ium and /'. montanum are in Messrs. Loddiges's collec- tion ... 522 13. (d.) pubescens- 522 \. dentatum /i pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew., \ . dentdlzmisemi- tomenibsum Alich. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. tomentosum Ratin. Med. Rep., V. villbsum Rafin. in Desf. Journ., \ . Uafinesqui- 5num Schultes Syst. 14. nitiduni Ait. - 522 § iii. O'pulus Tourn, 15. O'pulus L. - - 522 The Guelder Rose \./o- bdtmn Lam. Fl. Fr., O'pulus glatidulosus Mcench Meth., &pi/lus Rail Syn., Satnbiicus aqudtica Bauh. Pin. : Marsh Elder, Rose Elder, Water Elder: Vior?ie-Obier, VObier d' Europe, Fr. ; Schwalkenbeerstrauch, JVasserholder,Schneeballe,Ger.; Maggi, Ital. 2 sterilis Dec. Prod. 523 V. O. Toseum Koem. et S. Ihe Snou'-ball Tree, or Guelder Rose. Hose de Gueldres, Pelotte deNeige, Boule de Xeigc, Poire 7notle, Fr. Schneebatle , Ger 3 foliis variegatis - 523 4 nana Hort. - 5'^S 16.(0.) ffcerifolium 523 17. (O.)orientaleP. 524 O'pulus orientdlis folio am- plissimo tridentdto Tourn. Cor. 18. (0.) Oxycoccos 524 V. oputoides Miihl. Cat., V. trilobum Marsh. Arb., V. O'pu- lus americdna Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 subintegrifoliusi/. 524 3 mollis - - 524 V. molle Mx. Fl. Bor. Am. 19. (0.) edide P. - 524 V. O'pulus ediilis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. Sect. II. hoaicE^REAi. III. Diervi'll^Tou. 525 Lonicera sp. L. ; Weigelia Thunb. Fl. Jap., Weiget\a Pers. Ench. 1. canadensis W. - 525 Lonicera Diervilla Lin. Mat. Med., D. TourneJortVi Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., D. hiimilis Pers. Ench-, I). Ititea Pursh Sept., D. trifida Ma'nch Meth., D. acadiensis Du Ham. Arb. XXX CONTENTS. IV. LoNi'cER^Desf. 5-26 The Honeysuckle Lonicera. sp. JAu. and many authors ; Caprifblium and Xylosteuvi Juss. Gen., Xylostcum Capri- fblium, Chamcccerasus, Teri- clymenum Tourn. Inst. ; Ca- prifblium and Lonicera Rcem. et Schult. Si/st., Lonicera and Xi//6sleum Torrey Fl. U. S.: Clievrefeuille, Fr. ; Geissblatt, Honeigblume, and Lonicere, Ger. § i. Caprifdlium Dec. Caprifblium Juss. Gen., Lo- nicers. Torr. Fl. Un. St., but not of Schult. A. Flowers ringent. — Capri- fdlium Tourn. Inst. 1. PericlymenumL. 527 The Woodbine. — Vericlyme- num Ger. Em., Vericlymenum germdnicum Riv. Mou. Irr., P. Iiortense Gesn. Ic. Pict., Capri- Jhliuin Vericlymenum Rcem. et Schult., Caprifdlium sylvuti- cam Lam. Fl. Fr., Caprifb- lium Rail. Syn. : IVoodbind : Clievrefeuille des Bois, Fr. ; wildes gemeines Geissblatt, Ger. ; gewoone Kampcrfoelie , Dutch ; Madre Sclva, Ital. and Span. 2 serotinum Ait. - 527 Vericly. germanicwn Mill. 3 belgicum - - 527 Vericly. germdnicum Mill. 4 ^uercifolium Ait. 528 2. Caprifolium L. - 528 Periclymenui/t perfulicitum Ger. Emac. : Ckevrifenille des Jardins. Fr. ; Durchwachsene, Ger. ; Caprifolio Ital, 3. (C. etrusca) San. 528 L. etrt.sca llort. Fl. Austr., Caprifblium ctrHscum Kaem. et Schult. Syst., Vericlymenum Gouan Hort., Caprifdlium itd- licnm perfolialum pne'cox Tourn. Inst. : the Italian Ho- neysuckle : Mansorino, Ital. 4. imp] ex a Ait. - 529 The Minorca Honeysuckle Caprifblium implexum Roeni. et Schult. Syst.: Vincibosco sem- preverde, Ital. 2 balearica Viv. - 529 Caprifblium halcdri .T>nra. L. balearica Dec. L. Caprifblium Desf. 5. flava Sims - 529 Caprifblium flavum Ell. Sketch., Caprifblium Fraser'i Fursh Sept. 6. (f.) pubdscens S. 529 Caprifblium pnbescrns Goldie in Phil. Journ., L. hirsuta Ea- ton Man. Bot., L. Goldix Spreng. Syst. 7. parviflora Lavi. 530 Caprifblium parviflbrum Pursh .Sept., Lonicera dioica Lin. Syst. Ve";., L. tnedia Murr. Nov. Comm. Gott., Ca- prifblinm. bractebsuin Blichx. Fl. Bor. Amer., C. dioicum Roem. et Schult. Syst., C.glad- cum Moench : glaucous Honey- suckle : Chevrefeuille dioique, Fr. ; Meergriines Geissblatt, Ger. ; Middelboore Kampcr- foelie, Dutch. 8. (p.) Douglasii D. 530 Caprifblium Dougldsii Lindl. Hort. Trans. 9. hispidula Doug. 531 Caprifblium hispidulum Lin. Bot. Reg. 10. grata ^//. - - 531 Caprifblium grdtum Pursh Sept., L. virginidna Marsh Arb., ? Vericlymenum anieri- cdnum Mill. Diet., Caprifolio sempreverde, Ital. B. Limb of Corolla nearly equal. — Vericlymenum Tourn. 11. sempervirens ^/Y.531 Caprifblium sempervirens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Veri- clymenum sempervirens Mill. Diet., Alaiernus setuperviretis Kcehl. ex Steud. ; Vericlyme- num virgintacum Riv. Mon. : Madre Selva de Virgi7iia, Ital. 2 major Ait., Curt. 532 3 minor Ait., Sims 532 L. conndta Mecrb. 4 BrowiiM Gordon 532 12. ciliosa Pair. - 532 Caprifblium cilibsum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., L. cilidta Dietr. Lex. Suppl. 13. occidentalis H. 532 Caprifbl. occidetztdte Lindl. Bot. Reg., Caprifblium cilio- sum Dougl. MSS. Other Species. — L. pilosa W., Dec. Prod. {Caprifblium vil- Ibsum H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer.) - - .533 § ii. Xylosteum Dec. Xylosteon Juss. Gen., Loni- cera Rcem. et Schult. Syst., Xylosteon and Cliamcccerasus Tourn. Inst., Xylosteum and Isika Adans. Fam., Cubw'a Neck. Elem. : the Fly Honey- suckle : Hackenkirsciie, Ger. ; Hondsbezien or Hondskarsen, Dutch. A. Ovaries and Berries alto- gether distinct. Stems tivin- ing. Flouters irregular Nintoba Dec. Prod. 14. confiisa Dec. - 533 Nintoda ron/«sa Swt. Hort. Brit., Lonicera japonica Andr. Bot. Rep ; Nintoo, Sintoo, Ka;mpf. Amccn.; Caprifblium japdnicum Loud. Hort. Brit. 1st ed. ■• 15. longiflora Dec. 534 Caprifblium longiflbru7n Sa. bine, Nintofia longiflbra Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 2., Caprifblium Japonicum D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., Caprifblium ncpalinse Loud. Hort. Bnt. 16. japonica Thunb. 5.34 Nintooa japonica Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 2., L.chinensis Hort. Kew., L. flexubsa Lod. Bot. Cab., L. glabrdta Roxb., C«- prifblium chinense Loud. Hort Brit., C.flexubsujn Hort. Other Species L. longifblia Hort. - . - - 33b B. Berries distinct, or usually connate together at the Base, and diverging at the Tip. Corolla hardly gibbous at the Base, or equal. Erect deci- duous Shrubs ChamcECerast Dec. 17. tatarica L, - 535 Xi/losteum corddtum Moench Meth., X. tatdricum Dura. Cours. 2 albiflora Dec. - 535 L. pyrendica Willd. 3 rubriflora Dec. 535 L. grandiflbrum Lodd. L. sibirica ilovt. ex Pers. Ench. 4 lutea Lodd. Cat. 535 5 latifolia Lodd. Cat. 535 18. (t.) nigra L. - 535 Caprifblium rbseum Lam. Fl. Fr., ChanKEcirasus nigra De- larb. Fl. Auv. : Ciliegia salva- tica, Ital. 2 campaniflora - 536 Xylosteum campamfl.'Lod. 19. (t.) ciVihta Milk. 536 Xylosteum cilidtum Pursh Sept., L. tatarica Michx. Fl. Amer., but not of Lin. ; L. canadensis Roem. et Schult. 20. pyrenaica L. - 536 Caprifblium pyrendicum Lam. Fl. Fr., Xylosteum py- rendicum Tourn. Inst. 21. punlcea Sims - 536 Symphoricdrpos puniceusSvit. 22. Xylo.steum L. 537 Caprifblium dumctbrum Lam. Fl. Fr. ; Xylosteum du- inetbrum Mcench Meth. : Gisi- loslio, Ital. 2 leucocarpum Dec. 537 3 xanthocarpum D. 537 4 melanocarpum Z>. 537 23. hi.spida Pal/. - 537 24. fle.xuosa Thunb. 537 L. nigra Thunb. Fl. Jap., but not of Lin. ; L. brachypoda Dec. Prod. C. Berries eitlier distinct or joined together. Corolla very gibbous at the Base. Erect bushy burubs. — Cuphdnthce Dec. 25. involucrataBa?z. 538 Xylosteum involucrdtum Richards in Frank. FirstJourn. 26. Ledebouri/ Esch. 538 D. Berries two on each Pe- duncle, joined together in one, CONTENTS. XXXI which is hi-umbilicatc at the Apex. Erect, bushy, decidu- ous Shrubs. — Isikae Adans. 27. alpigena H. - 539 CapriJ'blium alplnum Lara. Fl. Fr., Caprifblium alpigenutn GKrtn. Fruct., Isika alpigena Borck., Isika lucida Moencli, Xylosteum alp/ge?ium Lodd. Cat. : Chamtecerasus alpigena Delarb. : Cherry Woodbine : Heckcukirsche, Ger. ; Chamce- ceraso, Ital. 2 sibirica Dec.Prod.5S9 L. sibirica Vest in Roem. et Schult. Syst. 28. (a.) niicrophjlla 539 L. alpigena Sievers, L. mon- tana and L. mexicdna Hort. 29. oblongif61iai?oo^-539 Xylosteum oblungijhlium Goldiein Edin. Phil. Journ. 30. casriilea L. - 540 L. villbsa Miilil. Cat., Xy- lusteon villosum Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., X. Solunis Eaton Man. Bot., L. velutina Dec. Prod., L. alldica Pall. Fl. Ross., Xy- losteum cceriileum canadhise Lam. Diet., X. canadense Du Ham. Arb., Caprifulium ca;- ruleum Lam. Fl. Fr., Chamce- cerasiis cceridea Delarb. Fl.Au., L. pyrendica Pall. Fl. Ross., L. PalldiW Led. Fl. Hoss. Alt. III. ; Ciliegia alpina, ItaL 31. orientiilis Lam. 540 L.' caucdsica- Pall. Fl. Ross., L. aeriilea Guld. Itin., Cha- mo'cerasiis orientdlis \aurifolia Tourn. 'Cor. 32. iberica Bieb. - 540 Xyloiteon ibericum Bieb Cent. PI. Rar. ex Suppl.,Lodd. Cat. 1836. V, Symphorica'rpos Bill. . -541 The St. Peter's "W'ort Syni- phoricdrpa Neck. Elem., Sym- phbria Pers. Ench., Anisun- thus Willd. Rel., Lonicerasp. 1. vulgaris Michx. - 541 Lonicera.Symphoricdrpos'Lm. Sp., S. parviflbra Desl'. Cat., Symphbria conglomerdla Pers. Ench., Sytnphbria glomerdta Pursh Sept. 2 foliis variegatis 542 S. glomerdta fbliis varie- gatis Lodd. Cat. 2. montaniLS Humh. 542 Symphbria montima Spreng. Syst., S. glaucescens Don's Will. 3. racemo.sus Miclix.bi2 The Snowlierry — Sy7nphbria racemosa Pursh Sept., ?S. elon- gdtn and S. heteroph^lla Presl in Herb. Hsenke, S. leucocarpa Hort. 4. occidentalis Rich. 542 Wolf-berry, Amer. VI. Leyceste^r/^ 543 1. foniiosa Wall. - 544 HamelisL connata Puerari MSS. ^uhiacecE. I. Cephala'nthus 544 The Button-wood. — Cepha- lante, Fr. ; Knopfiaum, Ger. ; Cefalanto, Ital. 1. occidentalis L. - 544 C.oppositifdlius Moeneh Meth.: Swamp Globe Flotver, Amer. 2 brachypodus Dec. 545 CompositcB. I. STiEHELl'N^ L. 546 StcEheline, French and Ger. I. diibia L. . . 546 S. rosmarinifblia Cass., ac. cording to Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. II. ^a'cciiaris Br. 546 Ploughnian's.Spi/u-nard: Bac- chante, Fr. ; Buccharis, Ger. 1. /ialimifolia L. . 547 Groundsel Tree Senecio arborescens Hort. Kew. 2. (/^.) angiistifblia - 547 III. PVA L. 1. f'rutescens L. 548 - 548 S.gerato nff'inis peruviana frutescens Pluk. Aim. : Bastard Jesuits' Bark Tree. IV. Santoli'na T. 548 The Lavender Cotton San- toline, Fr. ; Heiligenpflanxe, Ger. ; Santolina, Ital. 1. C'iiamaecyparissus 549 Common Lavender Cotton Petit Cypres, Fr. ; Abrotano Jemmina, Ital.; Cypressenkraut, Ger. Other Species — S. squarrbsa W., S. viridis W., and S. rosma- rinifdlia L. - . .549 V. A-R.TEMi's,iA Cas. 549 1. Jbr6tanum L. - 550 Southernwood. — hbrolauum mas Dod. Pempt. : Old Man : Armoise Aurone, Aurone des Jardins, la Citronelle, la Garde, robe, Fr.; Eberrauie, Wermuth, Stabwurtz, Ger .; Abrotano Ital., Span., and Port. 2 humile Hort. - 550 3 tobolskianum H. 550 A. tobolskidna Lodd. Cat. Other Species of Artemisia. A. arborescens L., ./.procera W.,A. Sant6nicaX. - 550 VI. 5'ene'cio Les. - 550 Cineraria Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. : Sene^on, Fr. ; Kreu%- kreut, Ger. 1. Cineraria Dec. - 551 Sea Ragwort — Cinerdriama- ritiina Linn. Spec, JacobcE'aL muritima Bonp. : Sicilian Rag- wort : Cineraire, Fr. ; Meer- strands Aschenpfianne , Ger.; Cenerma, Ital. VII. MiTi's/^ Cav. 551 1. latifolia D. Bon 552 Other Species — M. (licifMia, M. inflexa, M. linearifolia, M. runcinata, and M. subspinosa Hook. Bot. Misc. ; M. arach- noidea Mart. ... .552 YuricdcccB. Sect. I. jEut'cE^E. § i. ErfcetE normdles. I. ^RfcA D. Don -55.0 The Heath. — Erica sp. Lin. and others : Bruyere, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. ; Erica, Ital. 1. T'etralixi. - - 555 E. botuliformis Sal. in Lin. Soc. Trans., E. barbdrica Rail Syn., E. pumila P.irk. Theatr. ; E. Tetralix rubra Hort. Eric. Woburn. : the cross-leaved Heath : Stimpf Heide, Ger. ; Scopa di Fior rosso, Ital. 1 riibra Hort. Eric. Wo- hurn. - - 556 2 carnea Loud. H. B. 556 3 alba Hort. Eric. Wo- burn. - . 556 4 Mackaiana - 556 E. Mackaiana Bci. Fl. Hib. 2. cinerea L. - - 556 E. mutdbilis Salisb. in Lin. Trans., E. humilis Neeii. Gall., E. tenuifblia, Ger., t. cinerea riibra Hort. Eric. Woburn.; Scopa, Ital. 2 atropurpurea Lodd. Bot. Cab. - - .556 3 alba Lodd. Cat. - 556 4 pallida Lodd. Bot. Cab. - - . 556 5 carnescensi.. Cat. 556 6 prolifera iorf. Cat. 556 7 stricta Lodd. Cat. 556 3. austral is L. - - 556 E. pistilldris Sal. in Lin. Trans. 4. ciliaris L. 557 II. Gypsoca'llis S. 551 The Moor Heath, — Ericea: sp. of other authors. 1. vagans Sal. - - 557 Cornish Moor Heath. — E. vd- gans Lin. Mant., E. vdga Sal. in Lin. Trans., E. multifibra Huds. Fl. Angl., E. dijyma Stokes in W'ithering's Bot. XXXll CONTENTS. Arrang., E. purpurascens'La.m. Diet. 2 pallida - - 557 3 rubescens Bree - 557 4 purpurascens B. - 55S 5 alba - - 558 6 tenella - - 558 2. multiflora D. Bon 558 Er'tca multiflora Lin. Sp., E. yuniperifolin, ^c, Garidel Aix ; E. muUiJlhra longipedicelldta Wendl. Eric, li. pcdtoiculdi is Presl : Scupa grande rosso, Ital. 3. carnea D. Don - 558 E. carnea Lin. Sp., E./ier- bacea Lin. 'D\&.,Yi.saxutilis Sal. in Lin Trans. 4. mediterri\neaZ).Z). 558 E. mediterrhnea Lin. Mant., E. lugubris Sal. in Lin. Trans. III. Callu\\a Sal. 539 Enc« sp. Lin and others. 1. vulgaris 5«/. - - 559 Ling, orHcaiher .—%rica vul- garis Lin. Sp. : laBruyere, Fr.; ileide, Ger. ; I.yng, Dan. ; Liung, Swed. ; BrtiUuli. Lec- chia, or Scopa, Ital. ; Brezo, Span.; TJr%e, Port.; Weresk, Russ. 1 purpurea - 559 2 spiiria - - 559 3 decumbens - 559 4 tomentosa - 559 5 alba - - 559 6 flore pleno - 559 7 foliis variegatis - 559 8 aurea - - 559 9 coccinea - - 559 10 spicata - - 559 1 1 [atro-rubens] - 559 12 [serotina] - 559 § ii. Andromidese. IV. Andromeda L. 560 Polifblia Buxbaum Cent., Andromedd sp. L. 1. ;;olif61ia L. - 5G0 Moor wort. — Rhododendron poli/bliian Scop. Carn. : tvi/d Rosemary. Poly Mountain, Marsh Cistus, Marsh Holy Rose: Andromede, Fr. and Ger. 1 angustifolia Bot. 560 2 ericoldes - - 560 3 grandiHora Lod. 5C0 4 latifolia Lod. - 561 5 minima - - 561 6 revoliita Lod. - 561 7 scotica - - 561 8 stricta - - 561 2. rosmarinifulia P. 561 A. polifblia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. Other Species of Andromeda Andromeda Drumra6nd» Huok. - - 5(J1 V. CassTop^ Don 561 Androiiiedix sp. Lin., Pall. 1. /iypnokles D. D. 561 Andromcdsi hypndides Lin. Sp. 2. tetragona D. Don 562 Andromeda tetragona Lin. Sp. 3. lycopodiokles D. 562 Andromeda lycopodibides Pall. Fl. Ross. 4. ericoides D. Don 562 Andromeda, ericoides Pall. Ross. Other Species of Cass'tope C. fastigiataZ).Zio?i, C.Kedowsk/ G. Don. . - - 502 VI. Cassa'ndr^ D. 562 .itidromeda. sp. Lin. and others. 1. calyculata Z>. Z). 563 Andromeda calyculata Lin. Sp. 1 ventricosa Sims 563 2 latifolia Lod. - 563 3 nana Sims - 563 2. (c.) angustifolia 563 Andromeda calycitliita /3 an. gusiijblia Ait. Hort. Kew., A. angustifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., A. cnspa Desf. et Link. VII. Zeno'bi^ Don 563 Andr6?neda sp. Michaux. 1 . speciosa D. Don 564 Andromeda speciosa Michx. Fl. Bor. .•\mer. 2 nitida - - 564 A. s. nitida Pursh. A. cassmejbiia Vent. 3 pulverulenta - 564 A. s. puh'crvlenta Pursh. A. pulocrulinta Bartram. A. cassine/i/i« /3 Vent. A. spccibsa y glaHcaW'ats. A. dealhdia Lindl. A. ovata Soland. VIII. Lyo^n/^ N. 564 Andromeda sp. Lin. and va- rious authors. A. Leaves evergreen. 1. ferruginea Niitt. 565 Andromeda ferruginea Walt. Fl., A. ferruginea ji fruticbsa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. rigida Nutf. - 565 Andromeda ferruginea Willd. Sp.. A. ferruginea arborescens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., A. ri- gida Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 3. marginata Don 565 Andromeda 7nargindta Du Ham.; A. cor>acca\\\\\A. S])ec., Ait. Hort. Kew. ; A. liicida Lam. Encyc; A. niariana Jacq. Icon. Rar. 2 riibra Lod. - 566 B. Leaves deciduous. 4. niariana D. Don 566 Andromeda mariana Lin. Sp. 2 oblonga Swt. - 566 5. raceinosa D. D. 566 Andromeda racemosa Lin. Sp., L'Herit. Stirp. ; A. piini- culita Walt. Car., Gronov. Virg. 6. arborea D. Don. 566 And>^6meda arborea Lin. Sp. 7. paniculata Nutt. 567 Andromeda paniculita Lin. Sp. 8. A-alicifolia Wats. 567 9. (p.) frondosa N. 561 Andromeda frondosa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 10. (p.) multiflora 567 11. (p.) capresefolia 568 IX. Leucotho^D. 568 Andromeda sp. of previous authors. 1. axillaris D. Don 568 Andromeda axilluris Solander in Hort. Kew., A. CalesbteH Walt. Car. 2 longifolia - - 569 Andromeda longifolia Pur. A. Udlteri H'ilid. 2. spiniilosa G.Don 569 Andromeda spmulbsa Pursh Sept.; ''A. Catesbi£\ Halt. Fl. Car. 3. acuminata G. D. 569 Andromeda acuminata Ait. Hort. Kew., A. litcida Jacq. Icon. Kar., A. popuhfblia Lam. Encyl., .i. reticulata Walt. Fl. Car., A. forniosissima Bartr., A. \aiirina Michx. Fl. Amer. : Pipe-stem-wood, Amer. 4. floribunda D. D. 569 Andromeda fioribCmda Lyon Herb. Sept. 5. spicata G. Don 569 Andromeda spicata Wats. Dend. Brit. X. PrERis D.Don 510 Andromeda sp. Wallich. 1. ovalifolia Z). Z)o« 570 Andromeda ovalifoUa Asiat. Res., A. capricida Ilamilt. MSS. XI. Phyllo'doce 570 Andromeda sp. L., Men- ziesiasp. Swartz, Smith. 1. ^axifolia Sal. - 571 Menziesia aeriilea Swz. in Lin. Trans., Andromeda rie- rillea Lin. Sp., A. taxifhlia Pall. Fl. Ross., E>!ca cmriilea Willd. Sp. 2. emy-ctritVrmis Z). 571 Menziesia -fmpetriformis Smith in Lin. Trans. XII. Brya'ntiius 571 Andromeda sp. Lin., Men. ziesia Sumrtz, Pursh ; 'Erica sp. Thunb. ]. Gmelinz D.Don 571 Men:^ies\a. hryantha Swartz in Lin. Trana, Andromeda, bryantha Lin. Mant., EWca bryantha Tliunb. Diss.. Bry- anlhus ripens serpyWJblia fibre rosea Gmel. Sib. 2. Stelleri D. Don 572 Andromeda. Stelieriana Pall. Fl. Ross. ; Menxies\a. empetri- jormis Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., liut not of others. XIII. Dabce'c/.^ D. 572 "S-rica sp. Lin., Andromeda SB. Lin., Memiesia sp. Juss. I. pohfoMa D.Bon 572 Andrdtneda. Dabcec\a. Lin. Syst., . Erica Dabcecia Lin. Sp., Mcnziesia Dabcec\a Dec. Fl. Gall., V.rlca hibernica, Sec. Kaii Hist. 3 Suppl., Mcnziisia polijolia Juss. Ann.Mus., \'ac- c'tiiium cantdhricum Huds. Fl. Ang. : Irish Wkorts, Cantabrian Heath, St. Dabeoc's Heath. 2 flore albo Swt. Brit. FL Gard. -572 XIV. Arbutus C. 573 The Strawberiy Tree. — An- drdchne Clus., Arbutus sp. Lin. Gen.: Arbousier, Fr.; Sand- beere, Ger.; Abbatro, Ital. 1. ITnedo L. - 573 L' Arbousier commun, Arbou- sier des Pyrenees, or Fraisier en Arbre, Fr.; Erdbeerearlise Sandbeere, Ger.; Ko7nad, Mod. Greek. 1 albus Alt. H. K. 573 2 ruber Ait. H. K. 573 3 plenus Ait. H. K. 573 4 schizopetalus 574 5 integrifollus Sims 574 6 crispus - - 574 7 salicifolius - 574 2. h3-brida Ker - 574 A. andrachndides Link Enura. 2 Millert Mayes - 575 CONTENTS. pod., Tourn.; A'rbutus sp. Lm. 1 . U Va-ursi Spreiig. 577 A'rbutus U'va-drsi Lin. Sp., Arbutus huxijolia Stokes Bot. • U va-ursi huxifMa SaLinGrays Arran.: Bearberries, and Bear- whortleberries, Eng. : Barent- raube, or Barenbeere, Ger. ; BeerenduinJ, Dutch ; la Basse- role, Fr.; Uva d'Orzo, \ta\.;Uva de Oso, Span.; Vva de Orso, Port. ; and Uva L'rsi, in the works of most old botanists. 2 austrlaca Lodd. 577 2. alpina Sjrreng. - 578 A'rbutus alpina Lin. Sp. Other Species of Arctostaphy- los.—A. pungens H. B. etK. 578 3. ^ndrachne L. 575 A. iniegrifblia Lam., An- uruchne Thevphrdsti Clus. Hist Andrachne Park. Theatr., An- drachne Theophrastus : Adra- chla. Modern Greek. 2 serratifolia . 575 A. serratifdlia Nois. 4. procera Bougl, 576 5. tomeiitosa Pursh 576 Arctostdp/tylos tomentdsa L DOt. Reg. 2 nuda Hook. et Am. 576 j.densifloraZT.^.e/ 1{. 576 )rtfr .Spe«>« 0/ A'rbutus A speci6sa Dickson, Gard. Mag. 1»40; A.nepa\ensisBoyle. ■CV. ^rctosta'phylos Adans. - 577 The Bearberry. _ tPva-tlrsi XVI. Perne'tty^ 578 1. mucronata Ga2<(/. 578 A'rbutus mucronata Lin. fil Suppl. 2 Cumming/£ - 579 P. Cum7ni7ign Lodd. 2. pilosa G. Don 579 A rbutns pildsa Graham. Other Species of Pernettya— P. microphJ^Ua Gaud. (A'rbutus V2icrophyUa Forst., A. ser- pyllifdlia Lam.), p. ptmila Gaudich. (.Arbutus piimila Forst.) - . 679 XVII. Gaulthe'r/^ L. 1. procumbens Z-. - 579 Partridge Berry, Mountain Tea, Spring Winter-Green of Smith's Hist, of Nova Scotia. 2. Shdllon Pursh - 580 XVIII. EpiG.i;^A i. 580 Memecylum Mich. Gen.: Mau Flower, Nova Scotia. I. repens L. . 580 2 rubicunda Swt. 581 XIX. Phaleroca'rpus G. Don . 581 yaccinium Lin., Gaulthir\a Pursh, Ozycoccus Nutt., A'r- butus Lam. I.^erpyllifol.G. Z)ow581 Vaccinium hispidulum Lin. Sp., Gaulthh-ia serpyllifdlia Pursh Sept., A'riato j?//- formis Lam. Diet., Oxycoccus nispidulus Pars. XX. Cle'thra Z,. 581 Cuellaria Bui-x. et Pav. Syst. 1. fflnifolia L. - 582 C. alnifolia var. a denudata Alt. Hort. Kew. 2. (a.) tomentosaZ. 582 C. alnifolia ji pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew., C incdiia Pers. Ench. 3. (a.) paniculkta Aii. 582 xxxiii 4. (a.) acuminatail/. 582 C. montdna Bartr. Cat. 5. (fir.) scabra P«i/A 601 M.urceoldris Sal. Par.Lond. 2. globularis Salisb. 601 M. SinlthWMx. Fl.Bor.Amer., .izdlea piibsa Lam. 111. M.pi- I'osa Pers. Ench. XXIV. Aza'leaZ). 6»1 Azalea procumbens Lin. and many authors, LoiseleuriaDe ./. . ChamiElidort Link Enum. 1. procumbens L. - 601 Chatmelerion procHtnbensLink Enum., Loiseleuria procumbens Desf. XXV. Leiophy'llum P. Ammyrsine Pursh Sept., FischcrA Su-artz, heduin huxi- fblium Berg. Ait. 1. /hymifolium Pei's. 602 Ledum huxifdlium Berfcius, hedum thymifblium Lam. Diet., Ledum serpyllifblium L'Herit. Stirp., Ammyrsine huxijblia Pursh Sep. : Sand Myrtle, New Jersey. Other Species of Leiophyllum — L. prostratum (Ammyrsine prostrdta Swt., Loud. Hort. Brit; A. Lyoni Swt. H.B.)mi XXVI. Le^dum L. 602 1. palustre L. - 603 L. silesiacum Clus. Pan.Kos- mar'inum sylvestre Cam. Epit. 2 decumbens Ait. 603 2. latifolium Ait. - 603 L.greenldndicum Retz.Obs., L. pal&stre Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.: Labrador Tea, Amer. 3. canadeuse Lodd. 603 Sect. III. Faccinieje. XXVII. F-acci'nium L. The Whortleberry. — Viiw (rff^flTourn. \xi&i.: Airelle,Y'.i Heidelbeere, Ger. A. Leaves deciduous. a. Pedicels 1 -flowered, usually solitary, rarely twin, or fascicu- late. 1. ilfyrtillus L. - 604 The common Bilberry, or Bleaberry . 2 baccis albis Booth 604 2. uliginosum L. - 605 Myrtilbis grdndisUcMh.llist.: the great Bilberry. 3. angustitolium Ait. 603 V. myrtillbldes Mx. ,F1. Bor. Amer. 4. caespitosum Mx. 605 b. Flowers in sessile Tufls. 5. galezans Michx. 606 V. gaMfdrmis Sm. m Rees's Cycl. 6. tenelhim Ait. - 606 V . peniisylvunicumham.Dict. Variety - - 606 7. /igustrinumikfic/ix. 606 c. Flowers disposed in Racemes. 8. pallidum Ait. - 606 9. arboreum Marsh 607 V. diffksum Ait. Hort. Kew. 10. stamineum - 607 V. dlbum Pursh Sept., V. elevdtwn Banks Herb. : Deer Berry, Amer. 2 album H. B. et K. 607 CONTENTS. XXXV 11. dumosum Ait. - 607 V. ffunddsm?i Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. kirtellum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 humilQ Wats. D.B. 60S 12. corymbosuin L. 608 W.anuc'num Ait. Hort. Kew., V. disomorphum M.\. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. elcvitum Hort., V. album Lam. Diet. 2 virgitum^j'i. i?. K.6QS 3 fuscatum^ii. i/. .K'. 608 y . formosum And. Bot. K. V. virgalum Wats. Deiid. Brit., but not of .\it. 4 angustifolium - 609 V. virgdtum var. angusli- fblium Wats. Dend. Br. 13. albiflorum Hook. 609 V. album Lam. ? 14. mariiinum Wats. 609 V. maryldndicujn Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. 15. grandiflonim W. 609 16. (g.)elongatiimfF.609 17. (g.) minutiflorum 610 18. glabruin Wats. - 610 19. frondosiim L. - 610 V. glaucum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. : Blue Tangles, Amer. 2 venustum Ait. 611 V. frundoium var. B lun- ceuldtum Pursh Fl. Am. 20. resinosum Ait. - 611 Androtneda. baccata Wangh. Amer. 2 rubescens Pursh 61 1 3 lute.scens Pursh 611 \ . parviflbrutn And. B. R. 2 1 . ^rctostaphylos L.Q 1 1 22. (.^^.)yja-fa Pers. Ench., Lodd. Cat. 1836. 4 aurea pendula - 641 5 crispa - - 641 F. crispa Bosc. F. atrovirens Desf. Arb. 6 jaspidea Jri/W. 64 1 7 purpuriiscens Z). 641 F. purpurea Hort. 8 argentea Desf. 641 9 liitea - - 641 10 erosa Pers. Ench. 641 11 horizontalis Z>es/.641 12 verrucosa Desf. 641 13 verruc. pendula 641 14 nana - - 641 15 fungosa Lodd. C. 641 16 verticillata L. C. 641 1 7 villosa nova Des. 641 Other Varieties - - 641 2. (e.) heterophylla 642 F. simplicifblia Willd. Sp., F. monophylla Desf. Arb., F. simplicifblia Hort., F. excelsior var. I Lara. Diet., F. excelsior fi heterophylla Dec, F. integri. fblia and diversifblia Hort. 2 variegata - - 643 3. (e.) angustifolia 5. 643 F. salicif blia Hort. B. Leaflets small, smooth, or shining above. Natives of the South of Europe, the North of Africa, or the West of Asia. 4. parvifolia Willd. - 643 5. (p.) argentea i>oM. 643 6. (p.) oxycai'pa W. 644 F. oxyphylla Bieb. Fl. Taur., F. O'rnus Pall. Itin. Taur. 7. pallida Bosc - 645 8. /entiscitolia Besf. 645 F'. tamariscifblia\ s!a\ Enum., Don's Mill. ; F. parvifolia Lam. Diet., F. aleppensis Pluk. Phys. 2 pendula - - 645 C. Leaves and Leaflets large, glaucous, and downy beneath. Natives exclusively of North America ; cmd in Britain chiefly to be considered as or- namental Trees. 9. americana Willd. 646 F. acuminata Lam., Don's Mill., Pursh Sept. ; F. discolor CONTENTS. XXX Vll Muhl. : IVkite Ash, Green Ash, Amer. 2 latifolia - - 646 i 10. (a.)pubescensfF.646 F. 7iigra Du Roi Harbk., F. tome7itbsa Michx. N. Am. Syl.: Red Ash, Black Ash, Amer. 2 longifolia Willd. 647 F. pennsT/lvdnica Marsh. 3 latifolia IVilld. - 647 4 subpubi^scens Pers.Gil ? F. subvillbsa Bosc. 1 1. (a.) rambiicifolia 647 F. nigra Mcench, F. crispa Hort. : Ihe Black Ash : II ater Ash, Amer. 2 crispa Lodd. Cat. 647 12. (a.) quacirangulata Mr. - - - 648 F. tetragona Cels ex Dum. de Cours., F. quadranguldris Lodd. Cat. : Blite Ash, Amer. 2 nervosa Lodd. Cat. 648 13. (a.)jr-uglandif61ia648 F. viridis Mx, N. Amer. Syl., F. concolor Muhl. : the Green Ash, Michx. ; Western Black Ash, Pursh. 2 subintegerrima 649 F. \uglnndifblia j3 subser- rdla Willd. F. caroli nianayi sxin. Am. F. Nbvie- A'ligliiE and F. caroliniana Mill. Diet. 14. (a.) caroliniana 649 F. e.rcelsie Sweet Bay. — hn&rus Cainer.,Tour.,Dodon.,Ray ; L. vulgaris Bauh. Pin. : Laurier commun, l.auricr franc, Lau- rier d' Apollon, Laurier a Sauce, Fr. ; gemeine Lurbeer, Ger. ; 4Uoro, Ital. 2 undulata Mill. - 682 3 salicifolia Sivt. - 682 L. n. angustijolia Led. 4 variegata Swt. - 682 L. n.fol. var. Lodd. Cat. 5 latifolia Mill. - 682 6 crispa Lodd. Cat. 682 7 flore pleno - 682 2. carolinensis Gates. 683 The Red Bay. — L. Borbbnia Lin. Sp., L. axillaris Lam., Borbonia. sp. Plum. Gen., Per- sea Borbdnia Spreng. : ,i/ie broad - leaved Carolina Bay : iMurier rouge, Laurier Bour- bon, Laurier de Caroline, Fr. ; Carolinischer Lorbeer, rother Lorbeer, Ger. 2 glabra Pursh - 683 3 pubescens Pursh 683 4 obtiisa Pursh - 683 3. Catesbwwa Mx. 683 L. iestivdlis Lin. Spec, L. enervis Mill. Diet., L. Euos- mus eestivdlis Nutt. Gen. : Pond Bush, Amer. ; Sotnrner Lorbeer, Ger. B. Leaves deciduous. 4. Sassafras L. - 683 Cornus mas odoraia, folio trifido, margine pleno, Sassa- fras dicta. Pluk. Aim. ; Sas- safras arbor, c.r Florida, ficul- neo folio, Bauh, Pin.; Sassafras sp. C. G. Nees Von Esenbeck, VerseaSkseaUas Sjrreng. : Lau- rier Sassafras, Fr. ; Sassafras Lorbeer, Ger. ; Sassofrasso, Ital. 5. Benzoin L. - - 685 The BenjaminTree. — A'rbor virginidno citretE vel liinonii folio, benxoittum fundens, Comm. Hort. ; haHrus iospjrusP. 685 L. Euosmus \)iuspyrus Nutt. Gen., L. diospyrd.dLS Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., r L. 7nclisscefdlia Walt. Car. 7. genicul'ata Mj: 685 L. Euosmus gemciildta Nutt. Gen., L. eestivdlis \\\\\i. Sp. PI. Thymeldcea. I. Z>A'PHNE L. - 686 Thymehe'a Tourn. Inst., Gffirtn. : Daph7ie, Fr. ; Seidel- bast, Ger. ; Dafne, Ital. A. Leaves deciduous. 1. Mezereiim L. - 687 The common Mezereon. — Spurge Olive, Spurge Flax, Flowering Spurge, Parkinson ; Dwarf Bay, Gerard: Laureate femelle, Bois gentil, Mezereon, Boisjoli, Fr. ; gemeiner Seidel- bast, or Kellerbalz, Ger. ; Pe- perachtige Daphne, Dutch ; Laureola fennna, Biondella, Camelia, Ital.; Laureola hem- bra. Span. 2 flore albo - • 687 3 autumnale - 687 2. altaica Pa//. - 687 Daphne altnique, Lauriole de Tartaric, Fr. ; Sibirischer Seidelbast, Ger. 3. alpina L. - - 688 The Alpine Chamelea Marsh. Plant. : Daphne des Alpes, Fr. ; Alpen Seidelbast, Ger. ; Olivella, Ital. B. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers lateral. 4. Laureola L. - 688 The Spurge Laurel Daph. noides verum vel Laureola Gesn. ; Laureola Rail Syn., Ger. Em. ; Thymelw'a Lau- reola Scop. Carn. : the ever- green Daphne : Lauriole male, Lauriole des Anglais, Fr. ; !>«- mergriiner Stidclbnsf, Ger. ; Cavolo di Lupo, Ital. 5. pontica L. • 688 Thymelce^a pontica, citrei foliis, Tourn. Itin. : Lauriole b 4 du Levant, Fr. ; Pontischer Sei- delbast. Ger. 2 rubra Hort. - 689 3 foliis variegatis L. 689 6. Thymelae a Vahl. 689 Thymelx a foliis polygalce glabris Bauh. Pm. ; T. alptna glabra, fiosculis subluteis ad foiiorum ortumsessilibus. Pluk. Aim. ; Sanamunda viridis vel glabra Bauh. Prod. ; Sana, miinda glabra Bauh. Hist. ; Passer'ina Thymelcea Dec. : the Wild Olive: la Thymelie, Fr. ; astloser Seidelbast, Ger. 7. Tdrton-raira L - 689 ThynielcE' a foliis candicanti- bus et serici itistar muUibus Bauh. Pin. ; Tarton-Raire Gallo-provincia Munspdien- sium Lob. Ic, SanainHnda ar. fentdta latifolia Barr. Ic. 'asserina Tarton-raira Schrd.: the oval-leaved Daphiie : Lau- reate blanche, Fr. ; Silberbldl- triger Seidelbast, Ger. 8. (? T.) pubescen.s 689 ThymelcE^a itdlica, Tarton- raire Gallo-provincice similis, sed per omnia major, Micheli : Behaarter Seidelbast, Ger. 9. (? T.) tomeniosa 690 Passer'ina villosa Lin. : Lau- reate cotonneuse Lam. Encyc. C. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers terminal. 10. collina Smith 690 The Neapolitan Mezereon. — D. collina a. Bot. Keg.: ? D. huxifulia Vahl Synib. ; Da- phni des Collmes, Lauriole a Feuilles de Sante, Fr. ; Stuvipf- bl'attriger Seidelbast, Ger. 2 neapolitana L. 690 D. neapolitdna Lod. Bot. 11. (c.)ole6ides - 690 Chamccdaphnbtdes cretica Alpin. Exoc, Tkymelce'a cre- tica olece folio utri usque glabra Tourn. Cor. ; Daphne salici- Jdlia Lam. Encycl.: Lauriole d Feuilles d' Olivier, Fr ; Oel- baumbldtlriger Seidelbast, Ger. 12. (c.)sericea/W^/691 ThymehE'a crilica olecE folio sub/us villosa Tourn. Cor., Daphne olecefblia Lam. Encyc. : Scidenartiger Seidelbast, Ger. 13. striata Trat. - 691 D. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers in Racemes. 14. Gnidium L. - 691 Thymelw^a foliis lini Bauh. Pin. : Spurge Flax, Mountain Widow Wayle : Daphne Gni- dium, Lauriole d Panicule, Fr. , Rispenbl'dttriger Seidel- bast, Ger.; Camelea, Ital. E. Prostrate. Leaves persist, ent. Flowers terniijial, ag. gregate. 15. Cneonini L. - 691 Cm brum Matth. Hist., Clu» xl CONTENTS. Hist. : Thymelie des Alpes, Fr.; IVohiriechender Seidelbast, Ger. 2 foliis variegatis 692 3 flore albo - 692 II. Di'rca L. - 692 Leather-wood. — ThymeliE^a Gron. Virg. 1. palustris L. - 692 Moor-wood : Bois de Cuir, Bois de Plomb, Fr. ; Sumpf he. derholx, Ger. Santalaceas. I. Ny'ss^ L. - 693 The Tupelo Tree. 1. bifloi-a Miclw. - 693 N. aquatica Lin. Sp. PI. ; 'N. caroliniana L., N. integri- fblia Ait. Hort. Kew., N._ pe- dUnculis uniflbris Gron. Virg. : Mountain Tupelo Mart. ^lill. : Gum Tree, Sour Gum Tree, Peperidge, Amer. 2. (b.) villosa Mx. 69-t N. si/lvalica Michx. N. Amer. Syl., N. multifibra Wangenh. Amer., iV. montdna Hort., N. ped^nculis tinifluris Gron. Virg.: Sour Gum Tree, Black Gum, Yelloio Gum, Amer. ; Haariger Tulpelobaum, Ger. 3. (b.) candican.s M694 The Ogechee Lime Tree. — N. capitiita Walt., Ait., Michx. ; N. coccinea Bartram : Sour Tupelo Tree, Wild Lime : wciss- licher Tulpelobaum, Ger. 4. (b.)grandiclentata694' The Large Tupelo Tree. — A^. tomcnlbsa and A'^. anguVi- sjnni Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., 'N. denticuldta Ait. Hort. Kew., N. angulosa Poir., N. uniflbra Wangenh. Amer. : JVild Olive, Amer. ; Virginian Water Tu- pelo, Blart. Mill. II. Osy'ris L. - 695 The Poet's Cassia. — Casia Camer., Lol)., Alpin., Gesn. 1. klbaL. - - 695 O. fbliis lincciribus aciltis Lcefl. It., O. fruiescens bac- cifera Bauh. Pin., Cdsia po- etica Monspeliensium Cam. Epit., Chsia I.atiribrum Alp. F.xot., Cdsia Monspelii dicta Gesn. Epit. : veisse Ost/7-is, Ger. Yjlceagnacea. I. E'LiEA'GNus Tour. 696 The Oleaster, or Wild Olive Tree. — Chalef, Fr. ; Wilde Oel- baum, Ger. ; Elengno, Ital. I . hortensis Bieb. - 696 E. angustifblia L., Willd. Sp. PI. : E. songarica Fisch., E. inermis Mill. Diet., E. argen- teus Moench Meth., E orien talis Delisle, ? E. argentea Wats. Dend. Brit. : Jerusalem Wil- low : Olivier de Bohhne, Chalef i Feuilies etroiles, Fr. ; schmal- blattriger Oleaster, Ger. ; Al- bero di Paradiso, Ital. 1 angustifolia Bieb. 697 E. angustifblia L. 2 dactyl iformis - 697 3 orientalis - - 697 E. orientalis L. 4 spinosa - - 697 E. spinbsa L. 2. argentea Ph. - 697 Missouri Silver Tree, U. S. of North America. Other Species of Wteagnus. — E. salicilulia ? I). Don, E. conferta Hort. - - 697 II. i7ippo'pHAE L. 698 The Sea Buckthorn, or Sal- lowthorn. — Rhamno'ides Tour. : Argoussier, Fr. ; Hajfttorn, or Sanddorn, Ger. ; Ippofae, Ital. ; Espino amarillo. Span. 1. Rhamnoides L. - 698 Ehamnbides Jlorifera sdlicis fblio Tourn. Cor., Rhainnd'ides fructifera Rail Syn. : Argous- sier faux Nerprun, Fr. ; Wei- denblatlriger Sanddorn, Ger. ; Arve, or Saule ipineux, in the Alps of Switzerland. 2 angustifolia Lod. 698 3 sibirica - - 699 H. sibirica Lodd. Cat. 2. salicifolia D. Don 699 H. conferta Wall, in MSS. of the Catal. of the Lain. Soc. Indian Herb., Royle's lUust. III. Shephe'rd/.^ Kutt. Hippophae L. 1. argentea Xutt. • 700 Wippophae argentea Pursh Sept. : Missouri Silver Leaf, and Buffalo Berry Tree, .4mer. ; Rabbit Berry, and Beef Suet Tree, Amer. Indians ; Graise de Baffle, or Buffalo Fat, French traders. 2. canadensis yiitf. 700 Hippophae cnnadhisis Lin. Sp. PI, Willd. Sp. PI., Pursh Sept. Kristolochiacea. I. ^RISTOLO'CHIA L.701 The Birthwort — Arisioloche, Fr. ; Osterluzey, Ger. 1. sipho VHerit. - 701 A . macrophylla Lam . Encyc. : Aristoloche Syphon, Fr. ; gross- bidttrige Osterluzey, Ger. ; Pipe Vine, or Birthii'ort, Amer. ; Sifo and Pipa, Ital. 2 (s.) tomentosa S. 702 ^uphorhiacese. I. Stili,i'ng/.4 Gard. 702 I. /igustrina Wil/d. - 702 II. Bv'xvs L. - 703 The Box Tree. — Buis, Fr. : Buxbaum, Buchsbau?n, Ger. ; Bossolo, Ital. 1. sempervirens L. 703 Huxus Rail Sjti. : Buis com- mun, Bois beni, Fr. } Buchs- baum, Ger. ; Bossolo, Ital. 1 arborescens Mill. 703 Buis arborescent, Fr. Hochst'dmmige Buchs- baum, Ger. Subvars argentea Hort., aiirea Hort., marginata Hort. - - - 703 2 angustifolia Mill. 703 Suhvar variegata H. 703 3 suff'ruticosa Mill. 704 B. hhmilis Dod. Pempt. B. s. nana N. Du Ham. Buis nain, Buis d Bor- dures, Buis d'Artois, Buis d'Hollande, petit Buis, Fr. Zwerch Buchsbaum, Ger. 4 wjyrtifolia Lam. 704 2. balearica Willd. - 704 B. s. var. gigantea N. Du Ham.: Minorca Box: Buis de Minorque, Buis de Mahon, Fr. ; Balearischer Buchsbaum, Ger. ; Bossolo gentile, Ital. Artocdrpece. I. ilfo'RUS Tourv. - 705 The Mulberry Tree. — Mi- rier, Fr. ; Maulbeere, Ger. ; Mora, Ital. 1. nigra Poir. - - 706 The common Mulberry yibrus Dod. Pempt., M. frUctu nigro Bauh. Pin, 2 laciniata Mill. D. 706 2. alba L. - - 707 M. cAndida Dod. Pempt., M. friictu dlho Bauh. Pin. ; M. dlbafructu minori albo insulso Du Ham. Arb. 2 multicaiilis Ter. 707 M. tatdrica Desf. M. bullala Balbis. * Chinese Black Mulberry. Perrottet Mulberry. ■ Many-stalked Mulberry. M&rier Perrottet, Mu- rier d Tiges nom- breuses, M&rier des Philippines, Fr. Morodelle Fitippine,lta.]. 3 Morettiawa Her. 707 Dandolo's Mulherry. 4 macrophylla L. 707 M. a latifblia Hort. M. hispdnica Hort. MUrier d'Espagne, Feziille d'Espagne, Fr. 5 romana Lod. C. 707 /I/. «. ovalifblia. M&rier remain, Fr. 6 nervosa Lod. C. 707 M. nervdsa Bon Jard. M. subdlba nervosa Hor. 7 italica Hort. - 708 M. italica Lod. Cat. 1836. 8 rosea Hort. - - 708 Small white Mulberry. MUrier rose, Feuillcrose^ Fr CONTENTS. xli 9 columbassa L. - 708 Columba, Fr. 10 merabranaceaL. 708 M&rierd, Feuille de Par- cheniin, Fr. 11 sinensis Hort. - 708 M. sinensis Hort. M. chinensis Lod. Cat. The Chinese Mulberry. 13 piimila Nois. ? - 708 M. a. nclna Hort. Brit. Other Varieties - - 708 3. (a.) tatarica Pall. 709 4. rubra L. - - 709 M. virg'inica Pluk. Aim., M. ■pennsylvdnica Nois. Arb. Fruit. 2 scabra - - 710 M. scdbra Willd., Nutt. M. canadensis Poir. II. BROussoNE'T/v^Vent. Md)-«i Sefia Kcempf., Lin. ; Fapyrus Encyc. Bot., Lam. 111. Gen. 1. papyrifera Vent. - 710 The Paper Mulberry — Md- rus papyri/era Lin. Sp. PI. 2 cuculiata - - 710 B. cuculiata Bon Jard. B. spatuldta Hort. Brit. B. naviculdris Lodd. Cat. 3 fructualbo - 711 III. MACLu'R^Nutt. 711 Toxylon Rafinesque in 1837. 1. aurantiaca Nutt. 711 The Osage Orange. — Bow- wood. Yellow-wood, N. Amer. IV. Fi'cvs Tonrn.-ll2 The Fig Tree. —Figuier, Fr.; Feigenbaum, Ger. ; Fico, Ital. 1. CaricaL. - -712 F. commitnis Bauh. Pin., F. hiirnilis anAF . sylvistris Tourn. Inst. : Figuier commun, Fr. ; gemeine Feigenbaum, Ger. Varieties - - - - 712 V. Bo^RY^ W. - 713 Adilia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am., Bigeldvi-d Smith in Rees's Cycl. Addenda. 1. /igustrina W. - 713 Adelia \igustrina Michx. Fl. Bor. Am., Bigelbvia Mgustrina Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Add. 2. (?/.) acuminata - 714 Adelia acuminata Mx. Fl. 'Bor. kxaer., Bigelbvia acuminata Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Add. 3. (/.) porulosa IF. - 714 Adelia porulosa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Bigelbvia porulosa Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Add. ? B. ovdta Lodd. Cat. 1836. JJlmacecB T. C7'LMus L. - 715 The Elm. —Orme, Fr.; Vim, or RUster, Ger. ; Olmo, Ital. 1. campestris L. • 715 Vlmus Atinia Pliny Nat. Hist.; U. m'lnor. folio angusto scabro, Ger. Emac. : Olmo py- ramidale, Fr. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 716 U. campestris Hort.Dur. 2 latifolia Hort. - 715 3 alba Masters - 716 4 acutifolia Masters 716 5 stricta Hort. Bur. 7 1 6 The red English Elm. 6 virens Hort. Dur. 716 The Kidbrook Elm. 7 cornubiensis Hort. 716 U. stricta, Lindl., Lod. The Cornish Elm. 8 sarniensis - 716 U. sarniensis Lodd. Cat. The Jersey Elm. 9 tortuosa - - 716 U. tortubsa Lod. Cat. f Orme tortillard, Fr. wisted Elm. B. Ornamental or curious. 10 foliis variegatis - 716 11 6etula;f61ia - 717 U. hetulwjblia Lod. Cat. 12 viminalis H. D. - 717 U. viminalis Lodd. Cat. 13 parvifolia - 717 U. parvifolia Jac. Schoen. U. microphylla Pers. U. piimila var.fi^transba'i- calensis) Pall. Ross. U. piimila ^Villd. Sp. PI. U. piimila foliis pdrvis, &c. U. hUmilis Enura . Stirp. Ruth. 14 planifolia - 717 U. planifolia Hort. 15 chinensis - 717 U. chinensis Pers. The de I Abbe Gallois ; Orme nain, Fr. 16 cuculiata Hort. 717 17 concavasfolia iT. 717 18 foliis aureis Hort. Ill 19 nana Hort. -Ill Other Varieties - - 717 2. (c.) suberosa M. 718 U. campestris Woodr. Med. Bot. ; U. campestris and Theo- phrasti Du Ham. Arb., U. iml- falissima.foliu lata scabra Ger. Imac. ; V.montdna Cam.Epit.: common Elm Tree, Hunter's Evel.Syl.: I'Orme Liege, VOrme fumgeux, Fr. 1 vulgaris - - 718 U. suberosa Hort. Dur. The Dutch cork-barked Elm. 2 foliis variegatis 718 U. suberosa variegdta Ht. Dur. 3 alba -^ - 719 U. suberosa a/6n Masters. 4 erecta Lodd. Cat. 7 1 2 5 The broad-lvd Hert- fords.Elm, Wood 119 6 The narrow -Ivd Hert- fords.Elm, JFood 719 3. (c.) major Smith 7 1 9 U. holldndica Mill. Diet. ; U. major holldndica, &c., Pluk. Aim.; U. major, ampliore folio, &c., Du Ham. Arb.; Tilia ir.ds Matth. Valgr., V'lmus latifblia Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 4. efFusa Willd. - 719 U. cilidta Ehrh. Arb., V.pe- dunculdta Lam. Diet., U. oc- tdndra Schk. Bot. Handb.; U. fulio lalissimo, S(c., Buxb. Ha!.; U. liB^vis Pal. Ross. : VOrme pedoncule, Fr. 5. montana Bauh. - 720 The Scotch orWychElm.—U. glabra Huds., U. ejfiisa Sibth., U. scabra Mill. Diet., U niida Ehrh., U. ca7npeslris \\'illd. Sp. PI., U. campestris latifbliaYiort. Par.: WychHaxel of old authors. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 720 2 rugosa Masters 720 U. rugbsa Lodd. Cat. 3 major Masters - 720 4 minor Masters - 720 5 cebennensis Hort. 720 The Cevennes Elm. 6 nigra - - 720 U. nigra Lodd. Cat. The black Irish Elm. 7 australis Hort. - 720 B. Ornamental or curious. 8 pendula - -721 V.pendula Lodd. Cat. U. glabra decfimbensHort. Dur. U. horixontdlis Hort. U. rubra Hort. Soc. Gard. 9 fastigiata Hort. 721 U. glabra replicdta Hort. Dur. U. Fordii Hort. U. exoniensis Hort. Exeter Elm, Ford'sElm. 10 crispa - - 721 ? U. crispa Willd. The curled-leaved Elm. Other Varieties - - 721 6. (m.) glabra Mill. 722 U. montana /3 Fl. Br., U. folio glabra Ger. Emac, U. campestris var. 3. With. : the feathered Elm. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - 723 The common smooth-leaved Elm. 2 v^geta - - 723 U. montana vegeta Hort. Soc. Gard. U. americdna Masters. The Huntingdon Elm, the Chichester Elm. the Atne- rican Elm, and perhaps the Scampston Elm. 3 var. - - 723 The Scampston Elm. x'lii CONTENTS. 4 major - - 723 U. glabra major Hort. Dur. Tftc Canterbury Seedling. 5 glandulosa Lindl. 723 6 latifolia Lindl. - 723 7 microphylla Hort. 723 U. g. parvijolia. B. Ornamental or curious. 8 pendula - - 723 U. ca7npestrispM. Hort. T/ie Dnonton Elm. 9 variegata Hort. 723 10 ramulosa Booth 723 7. alba Kit. - - 723 8. ainericana L. - 723 The v'/iite Elm, Amer. : the Canadian Elm, the American white Elm. 1 rubra Ait. H. K. 724 2 alba Ait. Hort. K. 724 ? U. mollifblia R. & S. 3 pendula Pm^sA 5. 724 4 incisa //brt. - 724 5 foliis variegatis iT. 724 9. (a.) fiilva Michx. 724 The slippery Elm. — U. rrlbra Mx. Arb. : Orme gras, Fr. : rifrf £/?«, red-wooded Elm, Moose Elm. 10 alata Mx\ - - 725 U. pumila Walt. Fl. Carol. : the Wahoo of the North Ame- rican Indians. II. Pla'ner^ Gmel. 723 Hhdmntis Pall., Giildenst. ; V'lmus various authors, as to the Plancra Richdrdi. 1. Richardj Mx. - 726 The Zelkoua Tree. — P. cre- nita Mx. Mem. sur le Zelkoua, P. carpinifblia Wats. Dend. Brit., P. crendta Desf., Kham- nus carpinifolius Pall. Fl.Ross., R. ulmiiidr's Guldens. It., V'l- mus crendta Hort. Far., U. parvifdlia Willd. Baum., U. campestris Walt. Fl. Car., U. polygama Richard .'ict. Paris, U. nemoralis .Ait. Hort. Kew. ; U. fbliis crendtis bdsi tequdli- bus, fructu ovoideo non com- prcsso, Pcjret Encyc. Meth. : ie Zelkoiin, or Orme de Siberie, Fr. ; Richard's Palnere, Ger. 2. Gmelini Mx, - 726 P. ulmifblia Mx. Arb. Amer., P. aqndlica Willd. Sp. PI., Anonymns aqudticus arbor, &c. Walt. Carol. III. Ce'ltis Tourn. 727 The Nettle Tree. — Li/ws of Lobel and other authors : Mi. cocoulicr, Fr. ; ZUngelbaum, Ger. ; Celto, Ital. 1. australis L. - - 727 lj(>t?is arbor Lob. Ic, hbtus sive Celtis Cam. Epit. : Lole Tree : Micoconlier austral. Mi- cncoulier de Provence, Fabre- coulier, Fabrecoulier des Pro- vengaux (N. Du Ham.), Tr.; Arcidiavolo, Ital. Variety - - - - 728 2. (a.) caucasica W. 728 3. Tournetortw Lam. 728 C. orientdlis minor, foliis mi- noribus et crassioribus, fructu fiavo, Tourn. Cor. ; C. orien- tdlis Mill. Diet., but, according to N. Du Ham., not of Lin.: Micocoulier dn Levant. Mico- coulier d'Onent, Fr. ; Morgen- landischer ZUngelbaum, Ger. 4. (T.) sinensis Pers.129 5. Willdenov;««« S. 729 C. sinensis Willd. Enu. Sup., Willd. Baum. 6. occidentalis L. - 729 The North American Nettle Tree. — C. frltctu obscuro pur- purascinte Tourn. Inst., C. obllqua Moench : Nettle Tree, Sugar Berry, Amer. : Bois in- connu, Illinois ; Micocoulier de Virginie, Fr. 2 cordata Willd. ■ 729 3 scabriuscu]a Willd. 729 C. australis Willd. .\rb. C. .?o./3 tennifblia Pers. C dsptra Lodd. Cat. C. orientdlis Hort. 7. crassifolia Lam. - 730 The Hackberry C. cordi- fdlia L'Herit. Hort. Par., C. cordata Desfont. : Hagberry, or Hoop Ash, Amer. ; Micocoulier d Feuilles en Coeur, Fr. 8. laevigata WUld. - 730 - 731 9. pumila Ph. Other Species of Celtis C. ori. entalis L. - - 731 iuglaiidaceco. I. ./U^GLANS L. - 732 The Walnut Tree. — Noyer, Fr. ; Walnuss, Ger. ; Noce, Ital. 1. regia L. - - 732 N^j Jiiglans Dod. Pempt. ; NSj; iilglans, seu regin vulgd- ris, Bauh. Pin. : Noyer com- mun, Fr. ; Noseguier, Provence; gemeine Walnuss, Ger. 2 maxima - - 733 Nux JUglans frUctu max- ima Bauh. Pin. Noil de Jauge, Bon Jard. Clarenut in Kent ; Ban- nut in Warwickshire. 3 tenera - - 733 Nfij iilglans frUctu tenero et fragile putdmine Bauh. Pin. Nayer a Cogue tcndre, Noyer Mesange Bon Jard. 1. c. ; Noyer de Mars in Dauphine. Tlie thin-shelled, or Tit- mouse, iialnut. 4 serotina Desf. - 733 N(ix Siiglnns frftclu ser6- tino Bauh. Pin. Noyer tardif, Noyer de la Saint Jean, Bon Jard. 183G, Noyer de Mai in Dauphin^. 5 laciniata - - 7S3 Nix liiglans f'oHis laci. nidtis Reneaulm. Jiiglans heterophylla Ht. J. iilicifblia Lodd. Cat. The Fern-leaved IValnut Tree. Other Varieties - - 733 2. nigra L. - 734 The black Walnut, the black Hickory Nut, N. Amer. ; Noyer noir, Fr , Noce nera, Ital. Varieties ... 73,") 3. cinerea L. - - 733 The Butter-nut. — J. eathdr. tica N. Amer. Svl., J oblonga Mill. Diet. : Oil-nut, White n'al- nut, Amer. ; Noyer cendre, Fr. ; graue Walnuss, Ger. II. Ca'fya Nutt. - 7.35 The Hickory Tree Jiiglans sp. Lin., Willd., Michx. ; Hic6- rius Eafinesque ; Hickory Amer. 1. olivseformis Niift. 736 The Pacane-nut Hickory Jiiglans riibra Gaertn. .Sem. ; J. cylindrica Lam. Encycl., N. Du Ham. ; J. Pecan Muhlenb. \ J. angustifblia Ait. Hort. Kew.; J. olivtEformis Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. : Pecan-nut, Illinois- nut, Amer. ; Pecanier,Pacanus, Noyer Pecanier, Fr. 2. amara Nutt. - 737 Jiiglans atndra Mx. Arb. : Bitter-nut, White Hickory, Swamp Hickory, Amer. 3. aquatica Nutt. - 737 The Water Bitter-nut Hick- ory. — Jiiglans aqu tica Mx. 4. tomentosa Nutt. 738 The Mocker-nut Hickory. — Jiiglans alba Lin. Sp. PI., J. dlba Mill. Diet., J. tomentbsa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. : Whtte- heart Hickory, commonHickory, Amer. ; Noyer dur, Illinois. 2 maxima Nutt. - 739 5. alba Nutt. - 739 The Shell-bark Hickory. _ Jiiglans dlba Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., J. dlba ovdta Marsh. Arb., J. squambsa Mx. Arb., J. compressa Ga>rtn. Sera.: Shag-bark Hickory, Scaly-bark Hickory, Kinky Thomas Nut, Amer.; Noyer tendre, Illinois. 6. sulcata Nutt. - 739 Jiiglans lacinibsa Mx. Arb., J. inucrondta Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., J. sulcata Willd. Arb. : thick Shell-bark Hickory, Springfield Nut, Gloucester Nut, Amer. 7. porcina Nutt. - 740 Jhglans porrhia a obcorddta Mx. .'Vrb. ; J. porcina var. with fruit round, and somewhat rough, Mx N. Amer. Sylv. ; J. obcorddta Miihlenb. : Pig-nut, Hog-nut, Broom Hickory. 2 glabra - - 741 Jiiglans porcina /3 (id- formis Mx. Arb. J. gldbra Miib.i. CONTENTS. xliii 8. myristicasformis A^. 74 1 The Nutmeg Hickory Ju- glans myristicicjormis Michx. Arb. 9. microcarpa Nutt. 742 Other Species of Cdrya. — C. ambSgua (Juglans ambigua Mx.), C. pubescens Link, C. rigida (J. rigida Lodd. Cat.), C. integrifolius Spreng., Hi- corius integrifblius Ratin. 427 III. Pteroca'ryaZ^mw^A iuglans sp. Lin. 1. caucasica Kunth 743 ittglans Pierocdrya Michx. Fl. Hor. Araer., Mey. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. ; 'Rhis obsrilrum Bieb. Ft. Taur. Cauc. ; J. (rax- inijolia Lamond MS., N. Du Ham. ; Frdxinus Iccvigdta Hort. Par. Salicdcece. I. 5ALIX L. - - 744 The Vi'iWow. — Harab, He- brew ; Ilea, Gr. ; Salix, Latin ; Saule, Fr. ; Weide and Felber, Ger. ; Salicio, Ital. ; Sauze, Span.; Wide, Swed. ; i^ilge, Flem. ; Withig, Anglo-Sax. ; WilloxB, Withy, Sallow, Osier, English ; Saugh, Scotch. Group i. Purpurea Koch. Osier Willows, with one Stamen in a Flower. 1 . purpurea L. - 746 S. purpurea Koch. Comm. Varieties - - - 747 2. helix L. - - 747 The Rose Willow. — S. pur- purea var. Koch Comm., ? S. oppositijolia Host Sal. Austr. 3. Lambertiawa Sm. 747 The Boyton Willow. — S. purpxirea /3 Koch Comm. 4. Woolgar/ffwrt Bor. 747 S. monandra Sal. Wob. No. 4., S. monandra var. Hoffm. Hist. Sal. 3. Forbyawa Smith 748 The fine Basket Osier. — 5. fissa Lin. Soc. Trans., not of Hoff {Smith.) ; S. ritbra /3 Koch Comm. 6. rubra Huds. - 748 S. linearis Walker's Essays. Group ii. Acutifolice Bor. (Syti. Pruinbsae Koch.) Willows with dark Bark, co- vered with a fine Bloom. 7. acutifolia Wilkl. - 748 S. violdcea Andr. Bot. Rep., but not of Willd., nor the S. cdspica Hort. (Willd.) 8. c?aphnoides Villars 749 S. prw'cox Hoppe in Sturm D. Fl., S. bigenimis Hoffm. Germ., S. cinerea Host Sal. Austr. 9. pomeranica Willd. 749 S. Aaplmb/des Villars, var. with narrower leaves, and more slender catkins, Koch Coram. Group, iii. TriandrcB Bor. (Syn. ^mygdalinae Koch.) 749 10. undulata Kock S. lanceohta Smith. 2 undulata Forbes 751 ,S lanceolata Sni. 751 4 var. having catkins androgynous - 751 11. /nppophaefoliaT. 751 12. triandra L. - 751 S. a.}}iygddlina, part of, Koch Comm. 2 gallica - - 752 3 Hoppeana - - 752 S. androgyna Hoppe. 4 S. triandra undulata Mertens, ined. — Ap- proaches to S. drniyg- ddlina. 13. Hoffinanniff??« S.752 S. triandra Hoft'., and ? of German botanists in general. 14. omygdalina L. 752 S. a.mygdalina, in part, Koch Comm. 15. Villars^'aHa Fliig. 752 S. triandra Villars Delph., S. amygddlina var. Koch Com. Group iv. PentdndriB Bor. Trees having Flowers with 3 — 5 Stamens. 16. pentandra X. - 754 S. pcyitdndra, part of, Koch Comm. : the Sweet Willow, the Bay-leaved Willow. 2 herraaphroditica 754 17. Meyer/ffHa Willd. 754 S. cuspiduta Schultz, 9. tinc- tbria Smith, S. pentandra /3 Linn., S. hexdndra Ehrh., S. Ehrhart\3L\\a, Smith, S. tetrdndra Willd. 18. liicida Muhlenh. 754 S. Forbcsii Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 1830. Group. V. Fragiles Borrer. Trees with their Twigs brittle at the Joints. 19. babylunica - 757 The Weeping Willow. — S. prope'ndens Sering. Sal. Hel., S. orientalis, ^c, Tourn. ; S. ardbica, Sfc, C Bauh. : Saule pleureur. Parasol du grand Seigneur, Fr. ; Trauer Weide, Thrdnen Weide, Ger. 1 vulgaris foem. H. 758 2 Napoleona Hort. 758 3 crispa Hort. - 758 S. annularis Forb. in S.W. T/te rin^-Uaved Willow. 20. decipiens Hoffm. 758 The white Welsh, or var- ni:hed, Willow — S. amerina Walk. Essays on Nat. Hist., S.frdgiles, pari of, Koch Com. 21. montana Forbes 759 22. fragilis L. - - 759 The Crack Willow. —S./ja- gilis, in part, Koch Comm. 23. monspehensis F. 760 24. Russelba?i« Sm. 760 The Duke of Bedford's Wil. low. — ? S. frdgiiis Woodv. : the Dishley, or Leicestershire, Willoiv ; in some counties, the Hunti7igdon Willow: S pen- dula Ser., S. viridis Fries, S. riibens Schrank. 25. PurshMwa Bor. 761 Group vi. A'lbce Borrer. Trees of the largest Size, with the Foliage whitish. 26. alba L. - - 761 S. alba, part of , Koch Com.: the Huntingdon, or Swallow- tailed, Willow. 2 casriilea - - 761 S. alba var. Smith, Fl. B. S. carrii.'ea Smith Eng.B. The upland, or red-tinged, Willow, Pontey The Leicester Willow, Davy's Agric. Chem. Blue Willow, Smith. 3 crispa Hort. - 76 1 4 rosea Lodd. Cat. 76 i 27. vitellina L. - 763 The Golden Osier S. alba Koch Comm. Group vii. NigrcB. Extra-EuropeanKinds allied to the Kinds of one or all of the the three preceding Groups. 28. nigra Mti/il. - 768 The dark-branched American WnUow. — S.carolinidna'Mx.Fl. Bor. Amer., S. pentandra Walt. Fl. Car., S. vulgdris Clayt. Fl Virg. 29. Humboldt/rt?!a - 764 30. Bonplandi«?za 764 Group viii. PrinUides B. Shrubs, mostly Natives of N. Ameiiea, and used in Basket- making. 31. rigida Milkl. - 764 32. jDrinoides Pursh 764 33. discolor AIuM. 764 34. angustiitaPifrsA 764 35. coniormis Forbes 764 Group ix, GrisecE Borrer. Chiefly Shrubs, Natives of N. America. 36. virescens Forbes 763 S. hippophaqfiilia Lodd. xliv CONTENTS. 37. reflexa Forbes 765 38. virsjata Forbes 763 39. Lyonii ? Schl. 765 40. HoiistonwHa P. 765 S. tristis Lodd. Cat. 1836. '11 Aalckta Pursh - 765 42. grisea Wi/ld. - 765 43. petiolaris Smith 765 S. grisea Willd. var. ji sub- glabrdta Koch Coram. 44. pennsylvanica -F.766 45. MLihlenbergiflna 766 46. tristis Ait. - 766 47. covdata AIiiklenb.'766 Gr. X. Hosmarinifdlia; Bor. Low Shrubs, with narrow- Leaves. 48. ?-osmarinif61ia L. 766 Sal. rosmarinifoUa, pari of, Koch Comra. 49. angustifolia ^on'.766 S. arbHscula Sm. Fl. Br., S. Tosmarinijblia a Koch Comm. 50. AecimhensForbeslQQ 5\A\xsci\t2L Pursh - 766 Group xi. FiisccB Borrer. Mostly procumbent Shrubs. 52. fiisca L. - 767 S. ripens Hook. Fl. Scot. ; S. ripens Koch, part of, Koch Comm. 1 vulgaris - - 767 S. /. !■«)-. a Hook. Br. Fl. S. fusca Sm. Eng. Bot., Forbes in Sal. Wob. S. ripens Kocli, iS Koch Comra. 2 repens - - 767 S./. ?'«)-. ^ Hook. Br. Fl. S. ripens Lin. Spec. PI., Forbes in Sal. Wob. 3 prostrdta - 767 S./. vnr. y Hook. Br. Fl. S. proslrUta Sm. Eng. Bot., Forbes in S.Wob 4 foe'tida - - 767 S,/. var. S Hook. Br. Fl. S.fce'tiria Sm. Eng. Fl. 5 incubacea - 767 S. / 5 Hook. Br. Fl S. mcubdcca Lin. Sp. PI. Forbes in Sal. Wob. 6argcntea - - 767 S. /. 6 Hook. Br. Fl. S. argenlca Sm. Eng. Bot. Forbes in Sal. Wob. 53. Donidna Smith 768 T/ie rusty-branched Willow. Group xii. Amhiguce Bor. Shrubs. 54. anibigua Elirli. 768 S. amhtgua Koch, part of, Koch Com. 1 vulgaris - - 768 S. a. a. Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. 2 major - - 768 S. a. 13 nidjor Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. ? S. amb'igjia li Hook. S. vrrsifblia Spring. Sanies de la Suisse. 3 spathulata - 768 S. a. y spathuldla Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. S. ambigua y Hook. Br. Fl. S. ipa/A/^WtoWilld.Sp.Pl. 4 uiidulata - 769 S. a. S nnduldta Borr. in Eng. Bot. S. spathuldta Willd. var. unduldta Mertens. 55. finmarchica W. 769 56. versicolor F. - 769 57. daternoides F. 769 58. protea:fdlia Sch. 769 Erroneously referred to S. ambigua in Hook. Brit. Flor. ed. 2. (Borrer MSS.) Gr. xiii. Beticulata Bor. Leaves reticulated and coria- ceous. 59. reticulata L. - 769 Group xiv. GlauccB Bor. Small, upright, with soft silky Leaves. 60. elaeagnoides Sch. 770 61. glauca L. - 770 S. appendicuiata Fl. Dan., Willd. Sp. PI. 62. sericea Villars 770 S. gladca Koch Comm. 63. Lapponum L. 770 S. areniiria Fl. Dan. 64. obtusif61iarF?7W. 771 65. arenaria L. - 771 66. obovata Pursh 771 67. canescens Willd. 771 68. Stuart/flwa Sm. 771 69. pyrenaica Gvu. 771 70. WaldsteinMnaW.771 Gr. XV. Vimindles Bor. Willows and Osiers. — Mostly Trees or large Shrubs, with long pliant Branches, used for Basket-making. 71. siibalpina F. - 771 72. Candida Willd. 771 73. incana Sclir. - 771 S. ripdria Willd. Sp. PI., S. \avandulirfblia Lapeyr. Ab., S. angustifblia Poir. in"Du Ham. Arb., S. rosmarinifblia Gouan Hort., S. vimindlis Vill. Delph. 74. linearis Forbes 772 ? S. incdna var. linedris Bor- rer in a Letter. 75. viminalis L. - 772 The common Osier S. lon- gifolia Lam. Fl. Fr. 76. stipularis S'»«7/2 772 The auricled- leaved Osier. 77. SmithfawaWilld. 772 78. niolll.ssima J5:/«-. 772 79. holosericea Hk. 772 80. Michelw««Forb. 772 81. ferrnginea And. 773 82. acuminata Sm. 773 The large-leaved Sallow. — S. lanceoldta Seringe. Group xvi. Cinerea Bor. Sallows Trees and Shrubs, with roundish shaggy Leaves, and thick Catkins. 83. pallida Forbes 773 44. WilIdenovi«nc! 773 85. Pontedera«« W. 773 S. piimila alp'/na nigricans, folio oleagino serrato Ponted. Comp. ; S. Pontederai Bellardi App. ad Fl. Fed. 86. macrostipulacea 77.3 87. incanescens 'i'Sc. 77.3 88. pannosa Forbes 773 89. mutcabilis Forbes 776 90. cinerea L. - 776 The grey Sallow. — S. cinerea var. Koch Comm. 91. aquatica Smith 776 92. oleifolia Smith - 776 93. geminiitaForb. - 776 94. crispa Forbes - 776 95. aurita L. - 776 96. latitblia Forbes 776 97. caprea L. - - 776 The great roimd-leaved Sal- low, common Black SalloWy Saugh in Yorkshire, Grey Withy. 98. sphacelata Sm. Ill Gr. xvii. Nigricantes B. Shrubs with long Branches, or small Trees. Mostly Sallows. 99. australis Forbes 778 100. vaudensis For. 778 101. grisophvlla F. 778 102. lacustris Forb. 118 103. crassitblia Frb. 778 104. cotinitolia Sm. 778 The Quince-leaved Sallow. — S. spad/ct'a Villars Dauph., S. yhylicifbliavar. Koch Comm. 105. hirta Smith - 778 S. picia Schleicher is the fem. of S. hirta (Forbes in Sal. Wob.) 106. rivularis Forb. 778 107. atropurpurea 778 108. coriacea F'orb. 778 109. nigricans &)»V/^ 778 S. yhylicijMia jl Lin. Sp PI. 110. Anderson/aHfl 779 The Green Mountain Sallow. CONTENTS. xlv S. ^hylicifblia var. Koch Comm! 111. damascena F. 779 S. damascenifblia Anderson's MSS., S. \ihyticijblia Lin. 112. Ansonw«a F. 779 113. helvetica Fori. 779 114. firma Forbes 779 115. carpiniiblia5c/i.779 116. rotnndata Frb. 779 ? S. rotundifblia Host. 117. dura Forbes 779 118. Forstenan«Sm.779 S. -phylicifblia var. Koch Coram. 119. rupestris DoHK 781 120. tenuifolia i.. 781 S. arbdscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Comm., S. tenuifblia of Ehr. Bot. is S. bicolur Hook. Brit. Fl. 121. prop>nqua5or. 781 The flat-leaved upright Mountain Willoiv. 122. petrae'a ^wc?«-. 781 123. AminanniaW 782 124. atrovirensFri. 782 12.5. strepida Fori. 782 126. sordida Forbes 782 127. SchleicheriaHfl! 782 128. grisonensis F. 782 Gr. xviii. Bicoldres Bor. Bushy Shrubs, with Leaves green above and glaucous beneath. 129. tenuior Borrcr 782 130. laxiflora Z)Vr«- 782 131. /aurina Smith 783 The shining dark-green Wil- low S. bicolor Sm. Eng. Bot., S. arbHscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Comm. 132. patens Forbes 783 133. radicans Smith 783 S. p/iylicifblia Lin. Fl. Lapp. 134. BorrehV/»« Sm. 783 The dark upright Willow. 135. Davalh'ffHa Sm. 783 136. tetrapla Smith 783 137. rainituscajFo?-6. 783 138. Vovhesidna - 783 139. Weigehfl«« Bor. 783 S. Wuljeiiikua. Smith Eng. Fl. 140. nitens Anders. 784 141. Crow e«H« Smith784 S. arbiscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Comm.; S. hiwiilis Schl. is cited in Sal.Wob. as thefem. of S. Crow'fana Smith ; V S. he- terophylla Host. 142. bicolor Ehrh. 784 S. tenuifblia Smith Eng. Bot. as to the figure S. florib&nda Forb. 143. juhillyreifolia B. 784 144. Dicksonia?zaSm.785 Gr. xix. Vacciniifdlia Bor. Small and generally procum- bent Shrubs. 145. t'acciniifolia W. 785 S. prunifolia, part of, Koch Comm. 146. carinata Smith 785 14^7 . pruni^olia. Smith 785 148. venulosa Smith 785 149. CEe'sia n/lars 785 S. myrtillbides Willd.Sp. PI., S.prostrdta Ehrh. PI. Select. Gr. XX. MyrtilVdides B., Small Bilberry-like shrubs, not natives of Britain. 150. myrtilloides L. 786 TheBilberry-leaved Willow. — S. elegans Besser En. Vol. 151. pedicellaris Ph. 786 152. planifolia Ph. 786 Gr. xxi. M.yrsinites Borrer. Small bushy Shrubs. 153. ilfyrsinites L. 787 S. Myriin/tes B Smith Eng. F1.;S. arbutifblia SVilld. Sp. PL, probably S. Mncnabikna Macgillivray in Jameson'sKdin. Phil. Jourii. 154. 6etulifoliaFo?-6.787 155. procuiiibensi^L>r.7&7 S. liEvis Hook. Br. Fl., S. retUsa Wither. Bot. Arr. ed. 4. 156. retiisa L. - 787 S. ierpyllifdlia Jacq. Austr. 157. Kitaibelia^iO! W. 787 158. U'va-ursi Pm?-sA 787 159. «erpyllitolia5'co.787 S. retUsa Koch, y Koch Comm. 160. cordifoliaPejr^A 788 Gr. xxii. Jlerhacea Borr. Very lowShrubs, scarcely rising an inch above theground. 161. herbaceai. - 788 162.polaris l'Vahlenb.788 Gr. xxiii. Hastatw Borr. Low Shrubs, with very broad leaves, and exceedingly shag- gy and silky catkins. 163. hastata L. - 788 2 serrulata - 789 S. hastata Willd. Sp. PI. 3 wjalifolia - 789 raalifblia Sm. Eng. Bot. 4 arbuscula - 789 S. arbiscula Wahl. Fl. S. arh{i.scula /3 L. Fl. Su. S. arbdseula y Lin.Sp.Pl. 164. lanata L. - 789 Gr. xxiv. Miscellanem A. Kinds of Salix described in Sal. fVob.,and not included in any of the preceding Groups. 165. seg3'ptiaca L. 789 166. alpma Forbes 789 1 67. berberii'dWa Pall. 790 1C8. tetrasperma R. 790 1 69. zdmifolia Forbes 790 \70. \\\\b&a Forbes 790 Gr. XXV. Miscellanea B. Kinds of Salix introduced, and of many of which there are Plants at Messrs. Lod- diges', but which we have not been able to refer to any of the preceding Groups - 790 Appendix. Kinds of SMix described or recorded in Botanical Works, but not introduced into Bri- tain, or not known by these names in British Gardens 790 II. Po'puLUs Town. 819 The Poplar Peuplicr. Fr.; Pappel, Cicr.; Pioppo, Ital. ; Poplier. Dutch ; Alamo, Span. 1. alba L. - - 819 The Abele Tree— P. alba la- tifblia Lob. Ic; P. major Mill. Diet., P. nivea Willd. Arb., P. alba nivea Mart. Mill. ; heuke, Dioscorides : the great white Poplar, great Aspen, Dutch Beech : Peuplier blanc, Ypreau, Blanc de Hollande, Franc Pi- card, Fr.; Aubo, or Aoubero, in some provinces ; loeisse Pap- pel, Silber Pappel, weisse Aspe, Weissalber bauvi, Ger.; Abeel- hoom. Dutch. 2 hybrida Bith. - 820 P. ulba Bieb. I.e. ? P. intermedia Mertens. P. a. crassifblia Mertens. V.grisea Lodd. Cat. 3 acerifolia - - 820 P. 3.cerifblia Lodd. Cat. P. quercifblia Hort. P. paimata Hort. P. arembergica, Lod.Cat. P. belgica Lodd. Cat. 4 candicans - - 820 P. candicans Lodd. Cat. P. nivea Lodd. Cat. P. tomentnsa of the Ha- wick Nursery. The hoary Poplar of the Edinburgh Nurseries. 5 segypiiaca Hort, 820 P. a. pallida Hort. Egyptian white Poplar. 6 pendula - 820 P. a. var. gracilis rimis pendintibus Mertens. 2.(a.) canescens Sm, 820 The common white Poplar — P. a/6aMill.Dict.,P. dlbafhliis minuribus Rail Syn., P. alba folio tmndre Bauh. Hist. : Peu- plier grisaille, Fr. xlvi CONTENTS. 3. tremulaL. - - 821 The Aspen. — P. libyca Rail Syn., P. hybrida Dod. Pempt., P. nigra Trag. Hist , P. pen- da/a Du Roi : Aspe, leTrfmble, Fr. ; la Tremola, Alberalla, Ai- bcretto. Ital. ; Zitter-Pappel, Espe, Ger. 2peiidula - - 822 P. pendiila Lodd. Cat. P. sup'ina Lodd. Cat. 3 lasvigata - - 822 P. IcBvigata Ait.Hort.Kew. 4. (t.) trepida Willd. 822 The American Aspen. — P. tremuloides Michx. N. Amer. Sylv., N. Du Ham. 5. (t.) gnindidentata 823 The N. American largeAspen. 2 pendula Michx. - 823 6. grae'ca Ji/. - - 823 The Athenian Poplar. 7. niara L. - - 824. Tlie common bidcli Poplar. — P. alba Trag. Hist., P. viminen Du Ham. .^rb., P. vistulensis Hort., P. polonica Hort. : Ai- geiros, Greek ; Kabaki, Modern Greek : the old English Poplar, Suffolk ; the IViUow Poplar, Cambridgeshire ; Water Pop- lar; the fem. of P. nigra is called the Cotton Tree at Bury St. Edmunds: Peuplier noir, Peuplier Hard, Oiler Blanc,Fr., schwarze Pappel, Ger. 2 viridis Lindl. - 824 P. viridis Lodd. Cat. 8. (? n.) canadensis 824 P. lavigdta Willd. Sp. PI., Pursh, Spreng., but not of Hort. Kew.; 'P.monHifera Hort. Par. : Cotlon-wuod, Michx. : Peuplier de Canada, Fr. 9. (? n.) i^etulifolia - 825 P. nigra Michx. Fl. Bor. Ara. ; v .hudsonica Mich. Arb., N. Amer. Syl. ; P. hudsonidna Bosc & Lodd. : American black Poplar. Amer. : Peuplier de la Bale d'Hudson, Fr. 10. (? n.) monillfera 825 The black Italian Poplar. — P. virginiina Lin. &c., P. glandulbsa Mcench Meth., P. carolirtensis McenchWeissenst., P. nigra itdlica Lodd. C^t. 1836, P. nigra americdtta Ibid., P. acladesca Lindl. inEncyc. of PI., ? P. tnart/ldndica Bosc : Vir- gininn Poplar, Swiss Poplar, Cimadian or Berry-bearingPop- lar. Mill.: Peuplier Suisse, Peu. plicr triphilon, Peuplier de I'irginie, Dumont. 2 Lindleyana Booth 826 The 7iew waved-leaved Pop- lar, Hort. 3 follis variegatis - 826 ll.fiistigiataZ)?*/; - 827 The Lo'mbardy Poplar. — P. dilatdta Ait. Hort. Kew., P. yiigra itdlica Du Roi Harbk., P. iti'ilica Jlcench Weissenst., P. itdlica dilaidta Willd., P. pyramidlila Hort., P. pannO- nica Jacq., P. italica var. ca- rolinensis Burgsdorf: Cypress Poplar, Turin Poplar, Po Pop- lar: Peuplier d' Italic, Pevplier pyramidal, Fr. ; Lombardische Pappel, Italianische Pappel, Ger. ; Pioppo Cypresso, Ital. 12. angultita Ait. - 828 The Carolina Poplar. — P. anguldsa Michx. Fl.Bor. Amer., P. heterophplla Du Roi Harbk., P. macrophyUa Lodd. Cat. 1836, P. balsamtfera Mill. Diet. : Mis- sissippi Cotton Tree, Amer. 2 nova Audih. - - 828 3 Medusae Booth - 828 13. heterophylla L. 829 P. magna fbliis dmplis, &c., Gron.Virg., V .cordijolia Burgs- dorf, Lod. Cat. 1836 ; P. argentea Michx. N. Amer. Syl. : Cotton Tree, Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 14. balsamlfera L. - 830 The Tacamahac Tree. — P. Tacamahac Mill. Diet ; the Tacamahac, Amer. ; le Bau- mier, Fr. ; Peuplier Hard, and also Tacamahac, in Canada ; Balsam Pappel, Ger. 2 viminalis - - 830 P. vimindlis Lodd. Cat. P. s,alicif()lia Hort. P. longifblia Fischer, Pall. 3 latifulia Hort. - 830 4 intermedia Hort. 830 5 suaveolens - 830 P. suaveolens¥\scheT , Lod. 6 foliis variegatis - 830 15. candicans Ait. - 831 The Ontario Poplar. — P. macrophyUa Lindl. in Encyc. of PI., P. /«/ifd//n Mcench Meth., P. ontarieiisis Desf. Hort. Par., P. corddta Lodd. Cat. 1836, P. canadensis Mcench Weissenst., but not of Michx., which is P. laevigata Willd.: Balm of Gi- Icad Tree, Boston, N. Amer. ; Peuplier Hard, Canada ; Peu- plier i Feuilles vernissees, Fr. Betuldcece. I. ^'lnus Town. - 832 The Alder, — Bet/ilce species Lin. : Aune, Fr. ; Erie, Ger.; Ontano, Ital. ; Aliso, Span. 1. gliitinosa Gcertn. 832 Bitulus K'lnus Lin., B. emar- ginita Ehrh. Arb. : A'lnus R.iii Syn. : Aune, Fr. ; gemeine Else, or Elser, or scliwariz Erie, Ger. ; Elsenbootn, Dutch ; Alno, or Ontano. Ital. ; Aliso, or Alamo nigra. Span. 2 einarginata Willd. 832 3 laciniata Ait. - 832 A. g. ijicisa Hort. 4 (^uercifolia Willd. 832 5 oxyacanthafolia - 832 A. oxyacanthiefblia Lodd. 6 macrocarpa - 833 K.niacrocdrpa Lod. Cat. 7 foliis variegatis H. 833 Other Varieties 833 2. oblongata Willd. - 834 A'inus/dl. oblong, SfC, Bauh. ; A.fdl. ovdto-lanceol., ijc. Mill. Diet. : langliche Else, Ger. 2 foliis ellipticis Ait. 834 A. pumila Lodd. Cat. 3. incana Willd. - 834 B. A'lnus var. incdna Lin. Sp. PI., B. incana Lin. Suppl., B. viridis Vill. Dauph. : weisse Erle.graue Else, or weisseEller, Ger. 2 laciniata Lod. C. 834 3 glauca - - 834 A,glaiica Mx.N. Amer. .s. Ti.incdna var. glaUca Ait. Black Alder, Amer. 4 angulata Ait. - 834 Other Varieties - - 834 4. serrulata Willd. - 835 Betula serruldta Ait. Hort. Kew., B. rugbsa Ehrh. Beitr., ? A. americdna Lod. Cat. 1836, ?.\. canadensis Lodd. Cat. 1836.: common Alder, Amer.; Hazel- leaved Alder. 5. undulata Willd. - 835 Betula crispa Ait. Hnrt. Kew., B. A'lnus var. cri.tpa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. ; A. crispa Pursh Fl. Amer, Sept., N. Du Ham. 6. cordifolia Lodd. - 835 A. corddta Tenore Prod., Hayne Dend. 7. viridis Dec. - - 836 A. ovdta Lodd. Bot. Cab., A. fruticbsa Schmidt, Betula ovdta Schrank Sal., B. A'lno-Betulte Ehrh. Beytr., B. viridis Hort. Other Species of A'lnus. — A. barbata Meyer. (A. obtusi- fblia Royle), A. subcordata Meyer, A. jorrullensis, A. acuminata H. ^ B., A. cas- taneifblia Mirb. - - 837 II. J?e'tula Town. 837 The Birch. — Bouleau, Fr. ; Betula, Ital.; Abedul, Span.; Betulla. Port. ; Birke, Ger. ; Berk, Dutch ; Birk, Danish and Scotch ; Biork, or Bork, Swedish ; Beresa, Russian ; Brzoza, Polish. Leaves small. Natives chief.y of Europe. 1. alba L. - - 838 B. pubescens Ehrh. Arb., Be- tula Rail Syn., B. ietnensis Rafin. : Bouleau com7nun,Tr. ; gemeine Birke, Ger. ; Bedollo, Ital. 2 pendula Smith - 838 B. pendula Roth Germ. B. vt-rrucbsa Ehrh. Arb. B pendulis virgulis Loei. 3 pubescens - - 838 B. pubescens Ehrh. Beitr. 4 pontica - - 838 13. pontica Lod. Cat. 5 Mrticifolia - - 839 B. xxrticifolia Lod. Cat. 6 dalecar'llcaZ,. Sup. 839 7 macrocarpa WtUd. 839 CONTENTS. xlvii 8 foliis variegatis - 839 Other Varieties - - «39 2.C?a.)dauricaPa//.840 B. eicelsa canadensis Wang. Beitr.: Bouleau Siberie, Fr. 2 [jarvifolia Hayne 840 3.(?a.)rrutic6saPfl//.8-iO B. hiimilis Schrank Sal., B. guebeccemis Schrank der Ge- sells. Naturf. Freunde. 4. (?a) pumilai. - 840 B. nana Kalm Itin. 5. nana L. - - 840 B. nana Suecorum Bromel. Chi. Goth., B. palistris pimtila, SjC. Cels. Act. Suec. 2 stricta Lodd. Cat. 841 6.(?n.)glandul6sa.lf. 841 Leaves large. Natives of North America. 7. jjopuliiolia Ait. - 841 B. acumindta Ehrh. Beitr., B. lenta Du Koi Harb. Baum.: n'hile Birch, and OldJielU Jiirch, Amer. 2 laciniata - - 841 B. lacitiiata Lodd. Cat. 3 pendula - - 841 B. pendida'Loii. Cat. 8. papyracea Ait. - 842 B. papyriferailichx. Fl. Bor. Amer., B. lanceoluta Hurt., B. rubra Lodd. Cat. 1836, B. ca- nadensis Lod:l. Cat., B. nigra of the Paris Nurseries : Canoe Birch, H'hite Birch, Amer.; Be- tula da Carta, Ital. 2 fiisca - - 842 B. jUsca Bosc. 3 trichoclada Hort. 842 4 platyphylla Hort. 842 9. nigra L. - - 843 B. lanulbsa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., ?-' B. ritbra Michx. Arb., B. angulata Lodd. Cat. 1836: Red Birch, Amer.; Belida da Canoa, Ital. 10. excelsa //. Kew. 843 B. litiea Michx. N. Amer. Syi. ; ? B. nigra Du Roi Harb., Baum. : Yellow Birch, Amer. 11. lenta L. - - 844 B. carpinifblia Ehrh. Beitr., B. nigra Du Hoi Harb., under both these names, and also that of B. lenta in Lodd. Collection : Black Birch, Cherry Birch, Ca- nada Birch, Sweet Birch, Moun- tain Mahogany, Amer. ; Bou- leau Merisier, Fr.; Betula delta Virginia, Ital. Species of Betula not yet intro- duced.—B. BhoJpCittra Wall., B. acuminata Wall., B. nitida, B. cylindrost&.chya - 845 Coryldcece, or Cupu- lifertz. I. Que'rccs L. - 846 The Oa:^.—\' lexTo\xxa.,Suber Tourn.: Derw , Celtic ; Aaack, or Ac, Saxon ; Al, .ilon,j>r Al- lun, Hebrew ; Drus. Greek ; ChSne. Fr.; Eiche, Ger.; Bik, Dutch ; Q.tter:^a, Ital.; Encina, Span. A. Leaves deciduous. A. Natives of Europe. § i. YLdbiir. British Oaks. 1. pedunculatalFi/ZfA 849 The common British Oak. — Q. Rdi«rLin.S().Pl.,Eng. Bot.; Q. R. pedunculatum Mart. Fl. Rust.; Q.fa/mina Roth Ger.; Q. racembsa N. Du Ham.; Q. dim longo pedanc. Bauh. Pin.; Q HemfjwDalech. Hist.; Que;-. cus Fuchs : Hist.; Q. navdlis Burnet : WhitrOak, ihene blanc Secondat ; Chene pedoncule , ou a Grappes,Chi;nefenielle, Grave- lin, Fr.; Stiel Eiche, Jriih Eiche, Thai Eiche, Lohe Eiche, IVald Eiche, Ger. ; Eschio, Quercia gentile, \t3\.;Encina roble. Span. 2 pube>cens Lod. C. 849 3 fastigiata - - 849 Q. fastigiata Lam. Q. pyrainidalis Hort. Chene dcs Pyrenees, Fr. 4 pendula - - 849 Q. pendula Lodd. Cat. The /> eeping Ouk. 5 heterophylia - 851 Q. salicifblia Hort. Q. laciniala Lodd. Cat. Q. iilicifblia Hort. Q. Fennessi Hort. 6 foliis variegatis - 851 7 purpiirea - - 851 Q. purpiirea Lodd. Cat. Q. slolonifera Lapeyr., Q. to- meyitusa Dec: Chene noir, Se- condat ; Chene-tatizin, Fr. 4. jB'scuius L. - 853 Other Varieties - 851 2. sessiliflora Sal. - 851 Q. Kdbur Willd.; Q. R. var. sessile Mart. Fl. Rust.;Q.sessilis Ehrh. Arb. ; Q. platyphyllos, mas etfcem.'DaXech. Hist.;Q./a- iifdlia mas, &C., Bauh. Pin., Rail Syn, ; Q . regdlis Burnet ; ? Q. austrdlis Cook, Q. mauni- fera, the Manna Oak, Lindl. Bot. Reg.; Q. mongdlica Ibid, and Gard. Chron.: the Red Oak, Chestnut Oak, Bay Oak: Chine male, Secondat, Chine rourc or rouvre,Dureli7i,¥r.;SleinEiche, gemeine Eiche, spat Eiche, it in- ter Eiche, diir Eiche, roth Eiche, Berg Eiche, Ger.; Quercia vera and Quercia commune, Ital. ; Roble, Span. 2 pubescens - - 852 Q.s. var.fi Smith Eng. Fl. Q. pubescens Willd. Sp.Pl. Q. R. lanuginosum Lam. The Durmast, Wart. 3 macrocarpa - - 852 Q. hbbur macrocdrpum Booth. 4 falkenbergensis - 852 Q. falkenbergensis Booth, Forbes Hort. Tour. 5 australis - - 852 Q. austrdlis Link. Other Varieties - - 852 3. pvrenaica Willd. 833 Q. Tauzin Pers., Q. nigra Thore Chlor., Q. T6sa Bosc, The Italian Oak. — Vhiigut ^scutus, mas et fcem. Dalech. y{\%t.Chene grec, Fr. 5. {E.) apenninaL. 834 Q. conglomerdta Pers. : Chene hivernal, Fr. § ii. Cerris. Mossy-cupped, or Turkey, Oaks. 6. Cerris L. - - 834 Q. crinita a. and /3 Lam. Diet., Q. lialiphlo;^os Juss. in Hort. Par., Q. buigund/aca, %c., Bauh. Pin. ; Q. Cerris Plinn, &c., Lob. Ic, Dod. Pempt., Ger. Emac. ; Cerrus Dalech. Hist. : the Turkey Oak, the Iron, or Wainscot, Oak : Chene Cerris, Ciiene chevelu, Chene de Bourgogne, Fr. ; Bur- gundische Eiche, Cerr-eiche, Ger. : Cerro Ghiande aniure, Ital. Varieties. » Foliage deciduous. a. Leaves pinnatifid or sinuaLed. Cups of the Acorns mossy. 1 vulgaris - - 855 Q. Cerris frondbsa MiU. Diet. Q. crinita var. £ Lam. Q. TourncJoriW H'liid. Q. orientdlis lutifolia, SjC., Tourn. Cor. Q. Cerris Oliv. Voy. Q. HaliphUe^os Bosc. 2 pendula iXeill - 856 3 laciniata - - 856 4 variegata Lod. C. 856 b. Leaves dentate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. 5 austrlaca - •• 856 Q. aiistricca Willd. Q. Cerris Host Syn., a. and ji Q. crin/ta y Cerris Lin. Q. cdlyce hispido, ^c, Bau. 6 cana major - 857 Q. cd?ia major Lod. Cat. 7 cana minor - 857 Q. cana minor Lod. Cat. 8 Ragnal - - 857 Q. Ragnal Lod Cat. ** Foliage sub-evergreen. Leaves dentate. Acorns with bristly Cups. 9 fulhamensis - 858 Q. C. dentdta W'ats. Q. C. hybrida var. den- tdta Swt. 10 latifolia Hort. - 859 11 Luconibea«a - 859 Q. Lucotnbeana Su-t. Q. exoiiiensis Lod. Cat. The Lucombe Oak, the Evergreen Turkey Oak, the Devonshire Oak, the Exeter Oak. xl via CONTENTS. *** Foliage evergreen, or very nearly so. Leaves varying from dentate to sinuate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. 12 L. cr'ispa - 859 Q. L. cr/spa Hort. Ketv Lucombe Oak. 13 L. suberosa - 859 Q. L. suberosa Hort. 14 L. incisa - 859 Q. L. incisa Hort. 15 L. dentata - 859 Q. L. dentdta Hort. 16 heterophylla - 859 Q. L. heterophylla Hort. 7. ^'gilopsL. - 860 The Valonia Oak. — Q. orien- talis,SfC., Tourn. Cor.; jE'gilops sive Cerrus mas C. Bauhin, Secondat ; Vel^ni Tourn,Voy.; Glans Cerri Dalech. Hist. : the great prickly -cupped Oak : Chene Velani, Fr. ; Chene Ve- lanede Bosc ; Knopper Eiche, Ger. ; I'allonea, Ital. 2 pendula Hort. - 860 3 latifolia Hori. - 860 B. Natives of North America. § iii. Alhm. White Ameri- can Oaks. 8. alba L. - - 862 Q. alba virginidna Park. Theat. Bot., Q. a. pinnat'ifida Walt. Carol., Q. paldstris Marsh : Chene blanc de I'Ame- rique, Fr. ; veisse Eiche, Ger. 1 pinnatifida Mx. 862 Q. alba Ban. Cat. Stirp. Q. virginidna Catesb. Car. Q. a. pal&stris Marsh. 2 repanda Michx. 862 9. (a.) olivaeforniis 864 The mossy-cupped Oak, Amer. 10. macronarpa IV. 861 The over-cup while Oak, Bur Oak, Amer. ; Chene d gros Glans, Chene frise, Fr. ; gross- fruchtige Eiche, Ger. 11. obtusiloba Mx. 865 The Post Oak.— Q. stelldla Willd. Sp. PI. : Iron Oak, Box white Oak, American Turkey Oak, Upland white Oak, Amer. 12. lyrata Waif. - 863 Tlie'Swamp Post Oak, Water white Oak, Amer. § iv. Trinus. Chestnut Oaks. I.S. Piinus L. - 866 The Chestnut-leaved Oak. 1 palustris Mx. - 866 Q. P. palHsiris Mx. Q. I'riiius Lin. -Sp. PI. Q. castaneafhliis, &c., Pk. The Siramp Chestnut Oak, the Chestnut white Oak, Amer. ; the white Oak, near Philadelphia. 2 monticola Mx. - 866 Q. P. monticola Mich. 61. Q. montdnaWiWd. Sp. PI. Q. Vrinus Smith in Abb. The Bock Chestnut Oak. 3 acuminata Mx. - 867 Q. P. acumindta Mx. fil. Q. Castdnea Willd. Sp. PI. The yellow Oak. 4 pumila Mx. - 867 Q. P. Chinquapin Mx. Q. Chinquapin Pursh Fl. Q. \>rinoides\\'\\\i. Sp.Pl. The Chinquapin, or Dwarf Chestnut Oak. 5 tomentosa Mx. - 868 Q. P. discolor Mx. Q. bicolor Willd. Sp. PI. Q. MichaHxii Nutt. The Swamp white Oak. § V. Ruhrce. Red -4meri- can Oaks. 14. rubra L. - - 868 The Champion Oak. — Q. ¥/sculi divistira, &c., Pluk. Phyt. Varieties. Q. rilbra latifblia and Q. rCibra montana are mentioned bv Alton in the 2d ed. of Hort. Kew. 15. coccinea IVilld. 869 Q. rilbra /3 Ait. 16. ambfgua Willd. 870 The Grey Oak Q. boredlis Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 17. falcata Michx. 870 The Spanish Oak. — Q. dis- color \it. Hort. Kew. ed. 1.; Q. elongdta Willd. Sp. PI. ; Q. ly- rdta Lodd. Cat. 1836; Q. cu- nedta Wang. ; Q. triloba Willd., Michx. Quer. : the downy-leaved Oak. 18. tmctoria Willd.- 871 The Quercitron. — Q. vir- ginidna, ^c, Pluk. Phyt. ; Q. discolor Willd. Arb. : the black Oak, Amer. ; Chene des Tein- turiers, Fr. 1 angulosa Michx. 871 Q. americdnn Pluk. Aim. Q. velutina Lam. Diet. Q. tinctbria Bart. Trav. The Chat/tplain Oak. 2 sinuosa Michx. - 872 19. palustris Willd.- 872 The Pin Oak Q. monfdna Lodd. Cat. 1836, Q Banisteri Lodd. Cat. 1836. 20. Catesbcs^i Willd, 873 The Barren Scrub Oak.— Q. rilbra /3 Abb. & Smith Ins., Q. 'E'sculi divisiira, Igc, Cat Car. § vi. NigrcB. Black American, Oaks. 21. nigra L. - - 874 The Black Jack Oak. — Q. marylandica, Sjc . Rail ; Q. /<■>■- ruginea Michx. N. Amer. Syl. ; Q. aquatica Lodd. Cat. 1836: Barren Oak, Amer. 22. aquatica Soland. 875 Q. fbliis cuneiformibus, %c., Gron. \'irp. ; Q. folio non ser- rdto, ^-c, Cat. Carol. ; Q. nigra Willd. Sp. PI, Q. uliginbsa Wangh. Amer. 2 nana - - . 875 Q. aquatica Sm. & Abb. Q. a. elongdta Ait. H. K. Q. dentdta Bart. Trav. Q. ndna Willd. Sp. PI. 1'he Dwaif Jagged Oak. 3 mar'itiraa Michx. 875 Q. hemisphtE'rica Willd. Other Varieties - 875 23. (a.) aicifolia W. 876 The Bear Oak. — Q. Banis- teri Michx., ? Q. aquatica Abb. & Sm. Ins. : Black Scrub Oak, Dwarf red Oak, Amer. § vii. Vh6llos. Willow Oaks. 24. Phellos L. - 876 Q. virgiyiidna, SjC, Pluk. Aim. ; Q. Vlex Tnaryldndica Rail Hist. PI. 1 sylvaticus Michx. 877 2 latifolius Lodd. C. 877 3 humilis Pursh - 877 4 sericeus - - 877 Q. Vhellos Sm. & Abb. Ins. Q. P. piimilus Michx. Q. humUior salicis fhlio brevibre Cat. Car. Q. sericea Willd. Sp. PI. Q. piimila Mx. N, Am. Syl. The Hrihland Willow Oak. The running Oak. 5 cinereus - - 877 Q. P. y. Lin. Sp. PI. Q. P. /S cinereus Ait. H. K. Q. htiDiilis Walt. Carol. Q. cm«*a Willd. Sp. PI. The upland Willow Oak. 6 maritimus Michx. 878 Q. maritima Willd. Sp. PI. 25. (P.)/aurifoliaff^.878 The Laurel Oak, Sieamp Wil- low Oak. 2 hybrida Mx. Quer. 878 Q. 1. 2. obtusdtaAit.ti.K. 2Q. imbricata Willd. 879 Q. latifblia Hort. : Laurel Oak, Filed-cup Oak, Jack Oak, Black Jack Oak, Amer. ; Chene d Lattes, Fr. 27. heterophylla AT. 879 Bartram's Oak. Other Species of Vhellos. — Q. agrifcJlia Willd. (? Q. coc- cifera) - - - - 879 B. Leaves evergreen. A. Natives of Europe. § viii, I7e.r. Holm, or Holly, Oaks. 28. I'lex L. - - 880 The common evergreen Oak. — Vlex arbdrca Bauh. Hist. : I'Yeuse, or Che?ie vert, Fr. ; Stein Eiche, Ger. ; Elice, Ital. ; Encina, Span 1 integrifoUaiod. C.880 2 serratifolia Lod. C.880 CONTENTS. xiix S/agi folia Lodd. C. 880 'Ph-:ilodrys Matth. Valgr. Vies No. 3. Du Ham. Arb. 4 crispa Lod. Cat. 880 5 latitolia Lod. Cat. 880 Q. I. ohlonga Hort. 6 longifolia iorf. C. 880 Q. I. salicifulia Hort, 7 variegata Ifort. - 880 29. (/.) Bah'oia Des. 882 ? IVfjr major Clus. Hist. : ChSne il Glands doux, Chenc Ballute, Ft. 30. {I.B.)gYm\\xx\t\aSS2 ? I7ex fbliis rotundioribus, S;c., Magn. Jlonsp. : C/icne de Grammont, Fr. ; Wt'l/enbldt- in'ge Eic/ie, Gcr. ; Enciiia dulce, and Gouctin, Span. 2 Cookn - - 883 Q. Cuokn Arb. Brit. Isted. 31. coccifera L. - 883 The Kermes Oak. — I7t'.r coc- ci/era Cam. Epic, I. nculedta cocciglaiidifcra Garid. Aix., I. coccigtra Ger. Eraac. : Chtne aiix Kermes, Fr. ; Ker?nes Eiche, Ger. ; Qucrce del Ker- mes, Ital. 32. pseudo-coccifera 883 Chtne d faux Kertnes, Fr. ; Slechernde Eiche, Ger. 33. iSuber L. - - 884 &uber Cam. Epit., S. Vrinus Matth. Valgr., S. latijdlium, lie., Du Ham. Arb. : Chene Liege, Fr. ; Kork Eiche, Ger. ; Sovero, Ital. ; Alcornoque, Sp. 2 latifolium - - 884 Suber latifdlium, SjC, Bau. 3 angustifolium - 884 sub. angusiijblium Bauh. 4 (leiitatum - - 884 Q. Pscudo-Suber Hort. 34-. Pseuclo-5uber D. 885 ChP.ne finix Liege, Cherie de Gibrallcr, Fr. : Undchle Korh- Eichc, Ger. : Q. Tdrnerx Bosc, IVom a leaf received by him from Kew, not of Willd. 2 Fontanestj - - 885 Q. EontanesW Guss. 35. Tarneri Willd. 885 Q. hybrida Hort. : Chcne de Turner, ¥t. ; Turnersche Eiche, Ger. 36. hybrida nana - 886 Q. hybrida Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; Q. "« hybrid betirecn Q. pe- dnnculdta and Q. Vlex in Hort. Soc. Gard." ; Q. hUmilis Hort., Q. nana Hort. B. Natives of North America. § is. Virenies. Live Oaks. 37. virens Ait. - 886 The Live Oak.— Q. Fhellos ^ Lin. Sp. PI., Q. sc7npervtrcns Banister, Q. hemisphcs' rica Br. Bot. Gard. 38. ?»yrtif61ia Willd. 887 §x c. Natives of Nepal. . LanutcB. Woolly downy-leaved Oaks. 39. lanata Smith - 888 Q. laniiginbs.t D. Don Prod., Fl. Nep. ; ? Q. Banja Ham. MSS.. ? Q. oblongata D. Don, 1. c. J ?Q. tncuna Koyle lllust. 40. annulata Smith 888 Q. PhuUJlta Iia)?i. MSS., D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. ; ? Q. A'o?«- robpii D. Don, I. c. ; ? Q. glaUca Thunb., ? Q. acuminata Hort. App. i. European Kinds of Oaks not yet intro- duced. Q.fAgmeaLam. - -889 Q. degilopifolia Willd. Q. a-gilopifolia Pers. Si/n. 889 Q. hispunica j3 Lam. Q. Brossa Bosc - - 889 ChUne Brosse at Xantes; Ciiene Ba!«,Bonami. Q. viminalis Bosc - . S89 Chtne Saute, Chtne Osier, Chtne de Hat, Fr. Q. aspera^^oic - - 889 Clihie dpre, Fr. Chene Lezermien, Bosc - 889 Chene Castillan, Bosc - - 889 Other Species. — Q. Insitanica Lam., Q. prasina Pers., Q. calyc'ina Poir., Q. exnansa Pair., Q. rotundifdlia Lam., and Q. hCimilis Lam. . 889 App. ii. Oaks of Africa, Asia Minor, and Persia, only partially introduced. Q. obtecta Poir. Diet. . 8!)0 Q.in{ectijria.Oliv. I'oy. - 8'JO Q. cariensis WillJ. : Chine (J Gallcs,¥v. ; Fdrber Eiche, Ger. e. Libani Oliv., Q. TigidaJVilld., Q. iberica Stev., Q. castanei- fblia C. A. Meyer, and Q. mon^olica Fisch., are de- scribed in onr 1st edit. - 8B0 Q. mannifera Lindl. Bot. B.SVjO U. regia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 801 Q. BrantH Lindl. Bot Reg. 891 App. iii. Himalayan Oaks only j^artially ijitroduced. Q. spicata Smith inRees'sC. 891 Q. squamata Rox. Hort. Beng. Q. A'rcula Ham. MSS. Q. obtusifdlia D. Don, Q. gran- difdlia D. Don, and Q. velu- tlna Lindl., are described in our 1st ed. - - - 892 Q. lamellosa Smith - . ^92 Q. imbricata Ham. MSS., D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. Q. scmecarpifolia Smith. 893 App. Iv. Oaks of Japan, Cochin- China, 8f China, most of which have not yet been introduced. Q. glabra Thunb. - - 893 Q. concentrica Lour., Q. aciita Thunb., Q. serrata Thunb., I Q. glauca Thunb., Q. cuspi- d&ta Thunb., Q. dentata or ( Thunb., Q. obovata Buuge, and Q. chinensis Bunge, are described in our Isted. - 893 App. V. Oaks of Java, Su- matra, and the Molucca Isles, not yet introduced. Q. snndaica Blume Fl. Jav. 893 The Sunda Uak. Q. pruinbsa Blume Fl. Jav. 894 The frosty Oak. Q. angustata Blume Fl. Jav. 894 a. pallida Blume Fl.Jav. - 89.=i U. costJlta Blume Fl. Jav. 89-5 Q,. rotundata Blume FL. Jav. 895 Q.. elegans Blume Fl. Jav. 896 Q. placcntaria BlumeFi.Jav.H96 Q. g\a.hcnima}>lu7neFl.Jav. 890 Q. plAtyckrpaBlume Fl. Jav. 890 Q. ddph>wide3./llu7neFl.Jav.8'J7 Q. racemosa Huok. in Cump. B. Mag., Q. gemelliflora Blmnc Ft. Jav., Q. indiita Blume FL Jav., Q- urceo- liiris Hook., and Q. PsetiUo- niolucca Blume Fl. Jav., are described in our 1st ed. - 89S Q. moliicca Bluine Fl. Jav. S9H Q. turbinata Blume Fl. Jav. 898 U. lineata Blume Fl. Jav. - 898 App. vi. Mexican Oaks only partially introduced, Q. xalapensis Humb. SfBon. 898 U. glaucescens/y;i7/;6.^-Z)'o,'2. 899 Q. obtusiita Humb. if Bon. 8!:9 a. pandur.lta Humb.Si Bon. 899 Q. repanda Humb. if Bun. 9C'0 Q. /aurina Humb. i^ Buiipl. 9( 0 Q. sidero's.yla. Humb. i^- Bon. 900 a. vnes.iciaiaHu7nb.Sf Bon. 9U1 7>b. ^ Bo7i. -903 U. co-ainvi\ii>\ia.Hum. 8j Bun. 904 / (I. trldens Humb. Sj Bo7t. 904 ^,!. acutilolia Ji'illd.,H. S[B. 904 Q. elliptica Willd., Q. niucro- nkta Willd., Q. tomentosa Willd., a. circinJita Wild., Q. splendens IVilld., Q. ru- gbsa Willd., Q. macrophylla Willd., Q. diversifulia Willd.. Q. caiidicans Willd., Q. mi. crophylla Willd., Q. lobata Willd., Q. iDagnn\ia'fdlitt Willd., Q. liitea Willd., antl Q. 4alicift)lia Willd., are de- scribed in our 1st ed. - 904 Q. lancifijlia Cha7n.etSchlec.\)(H U. petiolaris Be7ith. - - 9C4 Q. dysophylla Benth. Plant. Haitweg., Q. A'ln?no Ibid., Q. barbmervis Ibid.. Q. gla- brescens Ibid., Q. Hartwig/ Ibid., and some others, have been discovered by Hartweg, who has sent home specimens of all, and acorns ofsome, to the Hort. Soc. - - 904 II. i^A 'gus L. - - 905 The Beech. — remits of tX'Sf CONTENTS. Ronans according to Bauhin ; Oxua of tho Greeks ; Caslinea Touni. : H?.tre, Fr. ; Buclie, Ger. ; Hcultf, Dutch ; Bug, Dan. ; Bole, Kwed. ; Buk, Russ. and Pol. : Faniiio, Ital. ; Haija, Span. ; Faya, Port. A. Cupule muricate, capsuli- form. Ovaries included. Young leaves plicate. a. Species in Cultivation in Bri- tish Gardens. 1. sylvatica L. - .905 Caslanea Tiigus Scop. Carn., Fdgus Bauli. Pin., F. si/lvestris Mich. N. Anier., Oxi/a, Greek, Fagus, Lat. : Jlclrc commiin, Fr. ; gemeine Buche, Ger. ; Roodbeiike, Dutch. 2 purpurea Ait. - 905 F. i. 2. dtro-riihens Du K. Hetre noir, Fr. 3 cuprea Lodd. Cat. 905 4 folii.s variegatis - 905 5 heterophylla - 906 F.s, laciniata Lodd. Cat. F. s. -Asplenifblia L. Cat. F. s. ineisa Hort. F. s. salicifdlia Hort. Htlre d Feuilles de Saule, Fr. 6 cristiita LocZJ. Ca^906 F. s. crispa Hort. //e/)-f C'j-tfe rfe Co?, Fr. VpendulaZocZ. Ca?. 90G //ei)-e Parasol, Fr. 8 americana - 907 F. sylvistris Michx. IVIiite Beech, Amer. 2. femiginea Ait. - 909 F. ainericcma latifhlia Du P.oi Harbk. : red Beech, Amer. 2 caroliniana - - 909 ] F. caroliniana Lod. Cat. 3 latifolia - - 909 F. latijulia of Lee's Nurs. b. Species nut yet introduced. y, obllquti Mirb. - 910 B. Cupule involucrif or m ; Seg- ments narrow , laciniate. Ova- ries laterally inserted- a. Species introduced into Britain. 4. Z>etuloi(Jes Mirb. 910 The evergreen Beech. — Bc- lula antdrctica Forst. in Com. Goett., Willd. Sp. PI. 5. antdrctica Forst. 910 b. Species not yet introduced into British Gardens. 6. Doml)eyi Mirb. • 91 1 The Myrtle- leaved Beech. 7. dubia Mirb. - 911 III. 6'ast.\nea T. -911 Tlic Chestnut. — Viigns Lin. and others : Chalnignier, Fr. ; Knstanie, Ger. ; Ca.stagna,Uii\.; Caslano, Span. ; C(tsla?iheiro, Port. ; Cnstanietne, Swcd. and jD;i;i. ; AVicA^on, Russ. 1. ve.sca GcBrtn. - 912 TheSwcet, or Spanish, Chest- nut.— Viigtis Castiinea Lin. Hort. Cli'ff., Castunea sattva Mill. Diet., G. vulgaris Lam. Kncyc. Eng. Bot. Varieties A. Botanical Varieties. 2 asplenifolia Lodd. 912 G. heterophylla Hort. C. laciniata Hort. C. satic/folia Hort. 3 cochleataXot/. Cat. 912 4 glabra Lodd. Cat. 912 C. v.fbliis lucidis Hort. 5 glauca Hort. - 912 C. glafica Hort. 6 varicgata i7or<. - 91 2 C. v.fbliis arrets Lodd. 7 araericana - - 912 C. visca Michx. B. Fruit-bearing Vars. 912 2. piimila H^/. - 914 The Chincapin. — Fagus pii- jnila Lin. Sp. PL, Castdnea pitmila virginiiina, SjC, Pluk. .\lm. : Chataigncr Chincapin, Fr. ; zuierch Kasla7iic, or Cai- tanjc, Ger. Species of Castdnea not yet in- troduced into European Gar- dens. C. indica Box. Hort. Beng. 914 C Roxburgh^ Lindl. -"915 Qicercus castanicdrpa Rox. Hort. Beng., Spreng. Syst. Veg. ^ C. spha;rocarpa Lindl. - 915 Qtiercus armdta Rox. MSS. C. iribuliJides Lindl. - - 915 Quercus tribuWldes Smith in Rees's Cycl., D. Don in Prod. Nep., Wall, in Litt. ; 1 Q.Catungea Ham. NSS. ; Q.ferox Rox. Hort. Beng. .r.martabanica Wall. PI. //s.915 C. Tungirrut mmneWidx. 915 Tungurrut, or Tungerreh, of the Natives. C.s,Tgentea Blmne Fl.Jav. 915 C. javanica Blutne Fl. Jav. 915 2 montana - - . 915 C. montd7ia Blume Bjdr. 3 fucescens - - - 916 C. inerniis Lindl. in Ji'alt. - 916 C. chinensis Spreng. - - 916 IV. Ca'rpinus Z. - 916 The Hornbeam. — Came, Charnie, Fr. ; Haynbuche, or Hainbuche, Ger. ; Ca>-pino, Ital. 1. ^etulus L. 917 Cdrpinus Matth. Valgr., O'strya Bauh. Pin., O'rnus Trag.Hist., Vdgtis Bauh. Hist., 'Betulusl-.oh.lc.: Carne,Charme, Fr.; gemeine Haynbuche, Ger. ; Carpino bianco, Ital. : Horn- beant. Yoke Elm, and in ^ome places Wych Hazel. 2 mcha. Lodd. Cat. 917 C. B. quercifolia Dosf. C. B. heterophylla Hort. 3 variugataiofZ. Cat. 9 1 7 2. (B.) americruia - 918 C. virginidna Michx. Arb. 3. (-S.) orientaiis L. 9iS Species or Varieties of Cdr. pinus not yet introduced into European Gardens. C. B. Carpin'nza Hort. - 919 C. viminea Lindl., IVall. - 919 C. fagSnea Lindl., Wall. - 919 V. O'strya Willd. 919 1. vulgaris Willd. - 920 Cdrpinus O'strya Hort. CliiT., O'strya carpinifuliaScoY>. Carn., O'strya Bauh. Pin., O. itdlica, .^-c, Michx. Gen. : Carpino nero, Ital. 2. (?v.)virginica W. 920 Cdrpinus virginidna Abb. Ins., Cdrpinus O'strya virgi- nidna Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., C. O'strya Mich. N.Amer, Syl., not the fig., which is 0. vul- garis : Iron Wood, Lever Wood, Amer. ; Bois dur, Illinois. VI. Co'RYLUs L. - 921 The Hazel. — Coudrier, Fr. ; Haselnuss, Ger .; Nocciulo , Ital. 1. Jvellana L. - 921 Coudrier Noisetier, Fr. ; Ha- sehratich, Nussbaum, Ger. ; Avcllano, Nocciolo, Ital. ; Avel- lano. Span. Varieties. A. Botanical Varieties. 1 sylvestris Ait. - 922 C. Avelldna Svensk., C. sylvestris Bauh. Pin. 2 pumila - - 922 C. piimila Lodd. Cat. 3 heterophylla - 922 C. heterophylla Lodd. Cat. C. laciniata Hort. C. urtici)ulia Hort. 4 purpiirea - - 922 C. purpurea Lodd. Cat. C. diro- purpiirea Hort. B. Varieties cultivated for their Fruit. 5 tubulosa - - 922 C. tubul'ka Willd. Abbild. C.mdiima Mill. Diet. C. saliva Bauh. C. s. rubra Ait. Red Filbert,iion.Soc. Cat. ) Langbartnuss, or Laiii- bertsnuss. Ger. Noisetier franc a Fruit rouge, Poit. et Turp. 6 tubulosa iilba - 922 C. saiiva alba Ait. C. A.«//wLodd. Cat. WhiteFilbert, Hort. S. Cat. Weisse Langbartnuss, Qer. 7 crispa Enc. of PL 92.'3 Frizzled Filbert, F.M. 8 tenuis Lodd. Cat. 923 Thin-shelled, or Cosford, Nut, Torn. Udg., H.S. 9 barceloneiisis - - 92:3 C. sat'iva grdndis Bauh. C. A. grahdis Lodd. Cat. The Cob Nut, the Barce- lona Nut, the Dotimlon large Nut, Hort. S. C. 2, Colurna L. - - 9-i3 C. byzaiit'ina Herm. r,iigi/a7idischer Piataniis, Ger.; Jioolb, Arabic ; Chinnr, Persian. 2 accrifolia Ait. - 928 P. o. A'eeris folio Tour. C. P. acer?ifdlia Willd. Sp. PI. P. intermedia Hort. Maple-leaved Plane Tree. 3 hispanica - - 927 P. hispanica Lodd. Cat. P. maerophylla Cree. 4 cuneata • - 929 P. 0. unduldta Ait. H. K. P. cuneata Willd. Sp. PI. 2. occident^ilis L. 9.31 P. oecidentalis sen virginie'ti- sis Park. Theatr.. Du Ham. Arb.: Bi;lton-V'ood,J('ater Beech, Sycaviorc, Cotttm Tree, An.er.; Platanc de I'irginie, Fr. Jialsainaceo'. I. LiaUlDA'iMl!AR Jy 9.32 Alli7ig\a. 2\t)runh.: Liquidam- bar, Fr.; Ambarbaum, Cicr. 1 . Styracifliia L. - 932 Liquidanibar arbor Phik. Aim., Siyrax A'eeris Jolio liaii !li^t.: l.iqiiidambar resineux, Copalmc de V Avierieirgr'inuin Lin. Syst., ilyi-.ca Linn. Hort. Cliti'., Gale mc,ria7ia Fetiv. ?.Ius.,JI_i/)-- tus brabthdicu; ajf'ntis Pluk. I'hyt. : the sweet Per/i Hush, Amer. Gnetaceee. I. E'v\\v.\>\x\ L. - 937 1 . distachya L. - 937 The Great shrubby Horsetail, or Sea Grape. — K'phedra 7'al- gdri.-: Rich. Mem. Conit'., Voljj- gon7nn mn7-'tnu7/i Tabern., P. \amiifdliu7n, S/c, Bauh. Pin. ; K'phedra 7nariti7na major Trn. Inst.: Raisin de Mrr, Ephedre multijiore, Fr. ; Zweyahriger Ross Schwanx, Ger. 2. niono.stacliya L. 938 'J'he Small Shrubby Ilorse- c 2 tail. — K. \)olygonuides Pall. Ross. : Kpheiire 7)ii7ieure, Ephe- dre de Siberie, Fr. l^axacecE. I.Ta'xvsL.- . 939 The Yew 1. baccatii L. - - 939 Tdxus No. 1063., Hall. Hist.: V> I'r. ; Ifenbaum, lhe7ibaum, or Eihe7ibanm, Ger. ; Taxo, Ital.; 2V.ro, Span. 2 fastigiaia - - 939 T. fastigidta Lindl. T. hiheriiica Hook., Lodd. The Florence Yew. The Irisli Yew. 3 procumbens . 940 T. procCmibens Lcdd. Cat. 4 erecta - . 940 5 sparsifolia Hort. 940 G foliis varieg. Lod. 940 7 fructu liiteo - 940 2. (b.)canadensis rF.942 The North American Yew. — T. b. minor Michx. Bor. Amer. 3. Harrington/a Kn. 942 ? Tdxtis 7nacrophijlla Thunb., FPodoedrpus 7naeruphyllns Sw., Lamb. 2d ed., Arb. Brit, isted. Other Species of Tdxus. — T. Mackay« Pin. Wob., T. Inu- l.dja Kidght's Cat., T. glo- b6sa Sclilecht. . . 'J43 II. TorreV^ Arn. 943 Tdxus sp. A'utt. 1. ^axifbba Arn. - 944- Tdxus 7i!ontdna Nutt., not of Willd. : Stinking Cedai; Florida. III. Salisbu'r/4 S, 944 Ginkgo of Kampfer, Liii- na'us, and others. 1. rtdiaiUitblia Smith 945. The Ginkgo Tree. — Ginkgo, Gin-an, or Jtsjo, Kiempf. Am. ; Ginkgo biiiiha Lin. Mant. : Noyer dn Japan, Arbre a/e.v quarante K'cus, Fr. ; AUiero adianto, Ital. Conifhrc, or Pind- cece. Tribe I. ^bie'tin.*;. I. Pi\nus L. - - 950 The Pine. — Le Pin. Fr. ; Fickle, Pynbaum, or Kiefer, Ger. ; Pynhooin, Dutch; Pino, Ital. ami S])an. ; Pinu, .Anglo- Sax. ; Pinnua, Welsh ; Peig7te, Erse. § i. Bins:. Leaves gcnc- rally 2 in a slicatti. A . Natives of Europe. 1. Rylve.stri.s L. - 951 The Scotcli Pine, or Scot" Ji Fir. — P. rulirn Will. Diet., )'. fylv6slris co7/iinh:iis -Ait. Hort Kew., ? P. Escari}u2. JUa^v ; Hi CONTEN'iS. Pin snuvasr. Pin d'Ecnssc, Fr. ; gcineine Lil/ire. gemcinc Fichtc, Ki'J'er, Ttmne, and 65 otiier nnnies, which are given in Hai/ne Ahhild., Ger. ; Pynhoom, l)iitch; Pino si/lvatica, Ital.; Pino si/liu's/re. Span. ; Fyrrc, Ban. and Swed. ; Suina, Pol., Buh., and Iluss. Varieties. a. Tiinhcy Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 952 2 horizontfilis - 952 V. hiirizimtnl:s Don of For. V.syl.vnr. i>to)'tdna Sang. TVie Speyside Pine, Grig;. The red-ivooded Scotch Pine, SanR. ? P. rubra Will. C:ct. 3 uncinata - - 952 MarForest Wild Pine H.S. 4 haguenensis - 953 Pin de Haguenau, Fr. 5 rigL'nsIs - - 95f5 Pin de IUga, Desf. Hist. Pin de liussie, Pin de Ma- ture, Fr. Other Timber Tree Vars. 953 ••■ J'arieties czirious or orna- me7ital. 6 genevensis - - 953 Pin de Tartare, Fr. 7 monophylla Hodff.95S 8 scariosa - - 953 P. scaridsa Lodd. Cat. ?P. squamosa Bosc Nouv. 9 intermedia - 953 10 altaica Ledehour 953 11 tortuosa DonofF.DSi 2. (s.) pumllio Hceu. 955 The Jlountain Pine. — P. nylvestris 7>ionla7iay Mt. Hort. Kew. ; P. s. Idimilis y Neal ; P hUmilii, i5-c..Tourn Inst., Link .-\bhand. : Pin nain, French; Krumho/z, Ger. 2 rubra;folia - - 955 3 Fiseherj Booth - 955 4 Muglms - - 955 P. s. Jliigho Mntt. Cam. P. v7ont(ina Baum. Cat. P. Jiltigho Jacq.. Poir. 5 M. nana - - 956 Tlie Knee Pine cf tlic Sty- rian Alps- Other Varieties - - 1)56 .3 Laricio Fob-. - 956 The Corsican Pine. — P. syl- vestris c maritima Ait. Hort. Kew., P. 7narilima ed. 2. : Pi- nastro, Pino chiappino, Ital. 1 corsicana - - 957 I.nricio de I'lle de Corse, Delamarre. 2 subviridisiV. Du H. 957 3 caramanica - 957 V. caramdjiiea Bosc. T.caratnnniensislionJard. Laricio de Caranianie, ou del' Asia Mineure, Dela- marre. ? P. romSna Lend. H. S. Card. 4 calabrica - - 957 Laricio de Mont Sila en Calabre, Delamarre. 5 austriaca - - 958 | P. austrinca Hoss. ! Laricio d'Autrichc, ou de la Hongrie, Delamarre. Otiur Varieties - - 958 -i. (L.) :i\\stv\i\ca.Hoss 958 The black Pine. — P. nigri- cans Hort., P. niprescensllovt.: scliivariz Fiihre, Ger. 5. ( L ) PallaswHff L.959 The Tartarian Pine. — P. taiirica Hort. ; P. lalarica in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1797, P. maritima Pall. Ind. Tanr. : Txaam in the Tartar language. Varieties. Cones straight and short - - 960 Cones long and crooked - 960 6. (L.) pyrenaica J[/. 961 P. hispunica Cook's Sketches in Spain, Vinasler hispdnica Koxas di San Clemente ; P. penicCllus Lap. Hist, des PI. des Pyrenees ; P. halepmsis jnajor pLXin. d'Hort. de Paris : Pin Xazaron, Pin pinccau, Fr. 7. /'inaster Aii. - 961 The Cluster Pine.— P. xj/- vestris y Lin. Syst. Reich., P. maritityia dlteraXia Ham. Arb., P. maritima N. DuHani.; P. syrtica Thore Prom. Rur ks Cotes de Gascogne, P. Mas- raKiina Lamb. ed. 2. : Pin- de Bordeaux, Pin des Landes, Fr. ; Pinastro, Ital. 2 Abcrdon)«? G.M. 963 P. P. EscnrcnuiArb.Brit. 3 LiSraoniiimts - 9C3 P. Lcmonihna. Bcnth. 9(13 4 minor - - 963 V. maritima on'tn. N.D.H. Pin Pinsot, Pin de Mans, Pin a Trochet, Fr. 5 foHis variegatis - 963 G maritiinus - 963 Other Varieties - - 903 8. Pineai. - - 965 The Stone Pine. — P. saliva, P. saiifa Bauh. Pin. ; P. do- mistica Matth. Conim. : Pin Pignon, Pin bon. Pin cullivi. Pin Pinier, Fr. ; Geneissbere Fichte, Ger. ; Pino daPinocchi, Ital. 2fragilis N. Bit H. 965 3 cretica Hort. - 965 9. halepensis Ait. - 967 P. hierosolymiidna Du Ham. .■\rb. ; P. mriri'ima prima Mat- tliiolus ; Pill de jerusa/eme, Fr. ; Pino d' Jleppi), ital. 2 minor - - 9G7 S maritima - - 968 P. maritima Lamb. Pin. 4 genu6nsis - - 968 P. genuinsis Cook. 10. brattia Ten. - 968 The Calabvian Pine.— P.ron- gliiiiicrdla Gr!«>fVer PI. Essicc; Kalabrische Kiefer, Ger. B. Xa lives of K. America. 11. Banksi««a L. 9G.'> The Labrador Pine. — P. syl- vestris divaricata .Wt. Hort. Kew., P. rnpestris Mx. N. Amcr. Syl., P. hudsonica Lam. Encyc. : Scrub Pine, Hudson's Bay Pine : Ypres, Canada. 12. inops Ail. - 970 The Jersey Pine. — P. virgi- nidna Du Hoi Harbk. ed Pott. : Pin clietif, Fr. JS. pungen.s MicJuv. 971 The Table Mountain Pine. l-i. resinosa Ait. - 972 The red Pine P. ritbra Jlichx. N. Amer. Syl. : Nor- u-ay Pine, Canada : Yellow Pine, Nova Scotia ; le Pin rouge de Canada, Fr. 15. mitis JSIichx. - 971' The yellow Pine. — P. vari- abilis Pursli F!. Amer. Sept. : ? P. echinula Mill. Diet. : New Yorlc Pine, Spruce Pine, S/iorl-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, .\mer. 16. contorta Doug. 975 17. tiirbinata BooC 975 § ii. Ternutcc. — Leaves 3 in a SherJ/i. A. Natives of K. America. 18. TibWii L. ~ 976 The Loblolly Pine.— P./u/,-/i' iernis Gron. Virg.. P. virei- iiidna tenvifidia tr/piicis Pluk. .Aim. : (('//;'/(' Pine, at Peters- burg and Kichmond, in Vir- ginia. 2 alopecuroidea .4/^.976 19. rigicia Mill. - 977 The "pitch Pine— P. T^'da a Poir. Diet. : ? Tliree-lcavcd Virginian Pine, Sap Pine, Blade Pine : Pin liiri^se. Pin rude, Fr. 20. (r.) Fraser; L. 979 21.*(r.) ser6tiuail/.i-.979 The Pond I'ine.— ? P. Tis'da Tdopccurbidea Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 2. P. variabilis Lamb. Pin. - 980 22. ponder6saZ)o2(^. 9S1 23. Sabin/rtwrtD9iii!:. 9S2 The great prieldy-coned Pine. 2i. (S.) CoulteriD. 9S5 The great hooked Pine — ? P. Sabiniknavar. Hort. ; ? P. ma- crocdi'pa Liadl. MSS. 2 vera - - 9S5 25. australis ALv. 987 p. ptilHstris Willd. Sp. PI., Pnrsh Sept., Lamb. Pin. ed. 1. ; P. americana paltistris, &c., Hort. Angl. Du Ham. .Arb., P. serotina Hort. : in .Vmerica, Long-leaved Pine, Yellorr Pine, Pitch Pine, and Broom Pine, in the southern states ; South- ern Pine aud Red Pine, in the nortlicrn states; Yclloiv Pine and Pitch Pine, in tlic middle states ; Georgia Pi/e/i Pine of tlie JCiiglish and West Indian niercliants. 2 excelsa - - 988 P. paldstris excilsa Booth. 2G. insfunis Doug. 988 27. calitoniiuna L. 989 P. mcm/erei/Cnsis Godefroy, P. adiin a Boso : Pin dc Mun- terey, liuu Jard. ed. 1837.. 28. inuric;\ta D.Don 987 Obispu, Span. 29. tuherculata Z)o?i 990 30. radiata D. Don 990 B. Natives of Mexico. 31. Teocote S. & D. 991 Teocote and Oco/e of the Me.\i- cans. 32. ptula S. Si' D. 992 ^ HiViis'i.txictKBiifh. £"93 33. Llaveft«« Sch. 993 P. ccmhrnules Zucc. Flora : the Mexican Ccmbra, Peniiv Cyc. ' C. Natives of the Canaries, In- dia, Persia, China, and Aus- tralia, 34. canariensis Sm. 994 ? P. adiinca Bosc. 35. longifolia i?o.r/;. 996 36. Gei-ard/««« W. 998 The short-leaved Nepal Pine. — P. Ncosa Govan : eatable- seeded Pine of the East Indies • ? Chilghbxa Elphinstone ; tlie i^eosa Pine, Penny Cyc. 37. sinensis Lamb. 999 P. ?.Keseya Jioyle, P. ,ie. pale/isis Pin. Wob., P. Ca. vendishiiLna Hort. 38. timoriensis - 1000 § iii. Quhia:. — Leaves 5, rarehj 4, in a Sheath. .\. Cones leith the Scales thick- ened at the Apex. a. Natives of Mexico. 39. Haitweg/i Ldl. 1000 40. Devon/a7iaLdl, 1001 Pino bianco, or P. real, of the Mexicans. 41. Russell/aHa L. 1003 42. IMontezuni^L. 1004 The rough-branched Mexi- can Pine. — Vinus oecidentdlis Kiinth in Humb. et Bonpl Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI., Deppe in bchlecli:. Linnwa. 2 Liiidleyi - ]004 43. macrophyllai. 1006 44 Psuiido-.S'trohu.s 1008 The False Wetpauulh Pine. 45. filiiblia Lindl. 1008 CONTENTS. 46. leiophylla .S'r/if/. 1011 Oeote chino in Mexico. 47. oocarpa ^c//rf. 1012 ? oocarpoides Bcnth .1013 48. apulcensi.s Ldl. 1014 P. acapnlcensis G. Don in Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 3. b. Natives of the li'est Indies. 49. occidentalis S. 1015 P. Joliis guinis, &c.. Plum. Cat., Larix americdna Tourn. Inst. : Ocote, Mexican. B. Co7tes with the Scales not thickened at the Apex. a. Natives of Europe and Si- beria. 50. Cemhra L. - 1016 P. fUiis quinis. Sec, Gmel. sib.; P. saliva Amm. Huth.- P. sj/li'esfris, &c., Bauh. Pin. ; P. syloes/ris Cembro Catn. fP't-^ hiirix semperv'irens, &c., Breyn. in Act. Nat. Cur. Cent. ; Pinaster Aleuo, &c i>ell. Conifer. ; Tte'da arbor, Cembro Italbrnm, Dale Hist • Aphernousli Pine, five-leaved Fine, the Siberian Stone Pine, the Swiss Stone Pine : Aroles in Savoy; Alvies in Switzer- land ; Cimbra in Dauphine • Ceinbrot, Eouve, Tinier, Fr •' 7,url>elkiefer, Ger. ; Pino Zini- bro, \Ka\.; Kedr, Russ. 1 sibirica - - 1016 P. CembraXorfrf. Cat. Kedr, Pall. Cedar of some authors. Sibciian Stone Pine, or Siberian Cedar. 2pygmffia- - 1016 P. C. piimila Pall. Ross. Slanex, Russ- 3 helvetica Lodd. 1016 b. Natives of North America. 51. .Strdbus L. - 1018 The Weymouth Pine P. .fuliis qu'inis, Sjc, Gron. Virg. ; P. canadensis quinqiicefolia Du Ham. Arb., P. virginidna Pink. .\\m., l^drix canariensis Tourn. Inst. : j\in. and others, in part; F/cea Link, in Abhand. Konig. Akad. ^J'4,se"S. Berlin, 1827; A'bies of Tourn., Mill., and others, in part; Vtcea of the ancients: Sapin epicea, Fr. ; Fichtcn- baum, Ger. ; Abete, Ital. ; Aoieto, Span. § i. Leaves tetragonal, awl- shaped, scattered in in- sertion. A. Natives rf Europe and the Caucasus. 1. exctlsa Dec. - 1026 The Norway Spruce Fir A. commilnis Hort., A. Vicea Mill. Diet., Vinus A'bies Lin. Sp. PI, Tinvs Vicea Du Roi Harbk. ed. Pott., P. excelsa Lam. Fl. Fr. ed. 1.. ¥icea vul. guns Link in Abhand. : com- mon Spruce, Prussian Fir : faux Sapin, E'picea, Sapin- Pesse, Serente, Sapm gentil, Pmessc, Fr. ; Lufie, in the V osges ; gemeine rothe Tanne gemeine Fiehte, Ger. ; Pexzo, Abete di Germania, or di Nor- vegia, Ital. 1 communis - 1026 White Fir of Norway. 2 nigra - . i026 lied Fir of Norway. 3 carpiitica- - [027 A. earpdtica Hort. 4 pendula - - 1027 A. eommimis pendula B. 5 foliis variegatis 1027 6 Clanbrasiltona 1027 7 Clanbr. striata 1027 8 pygmas'a- - 1027 A. ndna Hort. Soc. Gard. A. ilegans Smith of Ayr. 9 tenuifolia - 1027 A_. tenuifolia Sm. of Ayr. 10 gigantea - - 1027 A. gigantea Smith of Ayr. 11 monstrosa - 1027 A. monstrdsa Hort. 12 miicronata Hort. 1027 Other I'arieties - • in27 2. orieiitali.s Tourn. 1029 Vinus orientalis Lin. Sp. Pi., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2.; Vicea ori- enldlis Link & Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mos. 3. obovata D. Don 1029 Vicea obovata Led. Icon. PL Fl. Ross. B. Natives of North America. 4. alba AUch.v. - 1030 Vinus alba Ait. Hort. Kew. IV CONTENTS. P. lAxa Ehrh. I?eitr., P. cana- densis Du Uoi Harbk., A. cur- vifdlia Hort. : sin-^lc Sprure, Amer. ; EphicUe blaiiche, Ca- nada ; Sapincttc liht/iclw, Fr. 2 nana Dkksun - 1030 Other Varieties - - 1030 5. nigra Pair. - 1031 Vhrns n'lsra Ait. H. K., P. inariana Elir. Bcyt., A'bit's maridna Wan;;h. ISeyt. : donble Spruce ; jiiiire Epinet/e, Epi- nelte a la Litre, Canada. Varieties - - - 1031 6. (n.) rubra Pair. 1032 The Newfoundland Red Pine. — P. americana rilbra Wangli. 13eyt., Vinus riibra Lamb. Pin., Pursh Sept. ; Pi^bies pectindta Lam. 2 cffirulea - - 1032 A. cirerulea Bootli. C. Natives of Nepal. 7. Khutrow - - 1032 A. Smithuna. Arb. Brit. 1st ed., V'lnus Khiltro lioyle III., 'iVinus S?nit/i\kna IVall.Pl. As. Rar., A^bies A'mrt//iCin;i I.indl. Fen. Cycl., A. Morinda llort. : liana, or Haggoe, in the Parbu- tee language. Varieties - - - 1033 § ii. Leaves flat, generally glaxtcous beneath, imper- fectly 2-rowed. D. Natives of North America. 8. Douglasfi Lindl. 1033 The trident-bracted Spruce Fir. — P. taiifdlia Lamb. Pin., Pursli Fl. Amer. Sept. ; A. California Hort. ; V/nns Dou- gldi'n Sabine MSS., Lamb. Pin. : "t/ie Nootka Fir, Smith in Kees's Cvcl. "2 ^axlfolia - - 1033 9. Menzies«: Doiii:. 103-t Tlio warted-brancbed Spruce Fir. — Vinus MenxiHsn Lamb. Pin. 10. canadensis Mx. 1035 The Hemlock Spruce Fir. — P. canndeiisis Lin. Sp. PL, P. r.mericdjia Du Roi Harbk., Smith in Rees'.sCycl.; A^bics fiinericdna Marsh. Arb. Amer. : Perusse by the French in Ca- nada ; Sapiri i purl : ■ Sapin, Fr. ; Tanncn, Ger. .V. Natives of Europe, Siberia, and the North-west of Asia. 1. pectinata - - 10.37 i^biesoi Pliny, Vlnus Vicea Lin. Sp. PI., P. .\"bies Du Roi Harbk., Khiesdlim Mill. Diet., A. Tdiifulio Tourn. Inst., A. vulgaris Poir. Diet., A. pecti- niila Dec. Fl. Fr., A.Uu-ifilia Hort. Par., A. Vicea Lind. in Penn. Cyc, A. cxcelsa Link Abhand. &c. : Spanish Fir : Sa- pin commun. Sapin ii Feuilles d' If, Sapin blanc, Sapinargenle, Sapin en Peigne, Sapin de A'l'*- 7nandic, Fr. ; IVeiss Tanne Edel- tanne, Ger. ; Abete argcntino, Ital. 2 tortuosa Booth 1037 3 fuliis varicgatis 1037 4 cinerea - - 1037 Vmus V'tcea cinerea B. C. 2. (p.) cephalonica 1039 A bies cephalonica Arb. Brit. 1 ed., A. taxifdlia Hort.,.'\. Iais- combeana. Hort. : Koukounaria and Elatos in Cephalonia ; Mount Enos Fir. 3. (p.) Pinscipo - 1041 Kbies Pinsapoi>o/.«i>)- in Bibl. Univ. da Geneve : Mount Atlas Cedar, Dec. MSS. 'l'.(p.)Nordmannzi7nal042 Vinus NordmanmHaa Stev. 5. (p.) Pichfa - - 1043 Vinus PichtahoAd. Cat.1836 ; P. sibirica Hort.; A bies sibiri- fdLedebour Icon. PI. Fl Ross., Lind. in Penny Cyc; A. Pichta Fischer : Pichta, Iluss. B. Natives of N. America. 6. balsamea - - lOW The Balmof Gilead, or Ame- rican, Silver Fir. — Phius bal- samea Lin. Sp. I'l., P. Kbies balsiinica Marsh. Arb. .\nier., A^bies 'riL.ii folio, SfC, Hort. Angl., A. balsaminea N. Du Ham., A. halsamifera Michx. N.Amer.Syl. : Balsam Fir : le Baiimc de Gilead, le Sapin Bau- mier de Gilead, Fr. ; Balsayn Fichte, Baham, Tanne, Ger. ; Pino balsamifero, Ital. 2 longfoiia Booth 1044 7. (b.) Frasen - 1044 ThednubleBal.^amSilvcrFir. — Vini;s Frdseri Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept.. Lamb. Pin.; Kbies Frd- ier\ Lind. in Penn Cijc. C. Natives of California. 8. grandis - - 1045 V'wus grandis Dougl. MSS I.,amb. Pin.; .\'bies grandis liindl. in Penny Cycl.: the great Californian Fir. 9. amabilis - - 104G Vinus amabilis Doug. MSS. 10. nobilis - - 1047 Thclarge-bractedSilverFir • Vinus nobilis Doug. MS., Lamb. Pin., A. nobilis Lindl. in Penny Cycl. 11. bract eata - 1048 Vinus 6)V7c/t'a/«.D.DoninLin. Trans., Lamb. Pin.; P. venHsta Doug, iu Comp. to Bot. Mag. D. Natives of Mexico. 12. religiosa - 1049 Vinns rcligibsa Humb. et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL, Schiede et Deppe in Schlecht. Linnaea; .\^bies religiosa l^indl. in Penny Cycl. 13. hirtella - - 1050 A~ bies hirtella Lindl. in Penny Cycl., Vitms hirtella Humb. et Kunth. E . Natives of Nepal. 14. Wehhldna - 1051 Vmus JVebbi^naH'all. inLitt., Lamb. Pi7i. ed. 2.; V.spectdbilis Lam. Monog ; Kbies li'ebbiana. Lindl. in Penny Cyc, Royle Illust.: Chilrom. and the Ponum, or Purple-coned Fir, in the Hi- malayas. 15. Pindrow - 1052 'I'heToorh-leavedSilverFir. — Pin?i6'P\ndrow Boi/le III., Lamb. Pin. ; 'V dxus LamhertKmaWall. Cat. ; Pindrow, and sometimes Morinda, in the Himalayas. 16. naphtha Hort. 1053 IV. La'rix Tourn. 1053 The Larch. — Vinus Lin. and others ; A" bies Rich. ; •Meleze, Fr. ; Lerchenbattm, Ger.; La- rice, Ital. 1. eiiropac'a Dec. 1053 Vinus jjdrix Lin. Sp. PI. ; Xbies Lin. Hort. Clift'. ; Ld'rix deeifhta Mill. Diet.: hdrix folio deciduo. S;c.,'Bauh. Hist. ; Jjdrix Bauh. Pin. ; .^ bies Larix Lam. Illust. ; Meleze comimine, Fr. ; Lorche, Lorchcr-Fichte, gcmei- ner Lerchenbauin, Terbentin- baum , Eu ropii ische Ceder, weiss- er Lcrchenbaum, Ger. 1 commiinisZazfs. 1054 2 hixa Laws. - 1054 3 compacta L«2rs. 1054 4 penduLi Zra^r*. 1054 GodsalhVG.W. - 10,54 repens Laws. - 1054 5 floru rubroiJ. T. 10,54 6 florealbo - - 1054 7 .sibirica - - 1054 I/, sibirica Fisch. ? I^. archangtiica Laivs. L. riissica Lab. in Hort. Soc G.ird. V/nziS Ijdrix sil/irica Led. The Bussian Larch. 8 dahi\rica - - 1055 L. dahiirica Laws. Man. CONTENTS. I— i'r.rictics 1059 VI. Arauca'ria,/. lOGl Eiilassa Sal., Colymhea Sal., Dombtya. Lamb., Cupressus Porst. : the Southern I'ine. 1. imhricata Few. 10G2 The Chili Pine.—A. Dombefji Rich. Me)n. sur les ConiJ., V/. nus Araucaria Mol. Sag. sulla Stor. Nat. del Chili, Culymbia quadrijtiria Salisb. in Lin. Trans., Dombeys. chilensis Lam. Kncyc. : Fino dc Chili, Span. ; Peghuen in the Andes ; Sir Joseph Banks's Pine. Other Species of Araucaria A. brasiliina Rich., A. ex- celsa Ait., and A. Cunning- hamiV Ait., are half-hardy species which are figured and described in lirst edition. VII. Cunmxgha'm/^. Vinus Lamb., Belis Salisb. 1. sinensis Rich. - 1065 The iroad-leaved Chinese Vir. — Relis jaculijilia Salistx, 9 intermedia - 1055 L. interr/iidla Laws. Mnn. Viyiiis iniermidia Lod. Ct. Other Varieties - - lO.'io 2. americtma Mx. 1056 V'tnus \aricina Du Koi Harblv. ed. Pot., v. micrucdrpa Willd. Baum. ; X hies tnicrocdrpaVoiT.: Hackmatack, Amer. ■,Ta?narack. by the Dutch in New Jersey ; K'pinelte rouge in Canada. J rubra - - 105G L. viicrocdrpa Laws. Timis micrjjcdrpa Pursh E'pinette rouge, Canada. 2 pendula - - 1056 L. pcndula Laws. Man. V'tnus pendula Ait. Hort. P. intermedia Du Roi Hk. P. l^drix n';gra Marsh. A^bies pendula Poir. Diet. Tamarack, Amer. 3 prolif'era - ] 056 L. prolifera JIalcolm. V. Ce'drus Barr. 1057 The Cedar Vmus Lin. in part ; A''bies Poir. in part, L«- /v> Tourn. in part : Cedre, Fr. ; Ceder, Ger. ; Ccdro, kal. 1. Libani Barr. - 1057 Vmus Cedrus Lin. Sp. PI. ; P. Jbliis fasciculdtis, &c., Du Roi Harbk. ed. Pott. ; 'Ldrix Cedrus Jlill. Diet. ; tarix ori- entalis Tourn. Inst. ; Cedrus magna Dod. Pempt. ; C. co- n'ljera Bauh. Pin. ; C. pha:nicra Ptenealm Sp. ; Cedrvs Bell. It. ; Xbies Cedrus Poir Diet. Encyc. 2 foliis argenteis 1058 3 nana - . 1059 2. Deodara Ro.xb. 1059 Tlie Indian Cedar. — Vinus Deodara Lamb. Rin., A'bies Deodira. LindL in Penny Cyc. : Devadara, or Beodara, Hin- dostanee ; the sacred Indian IT.-.. in Lin. Trans., Finus lanceo- Idta Lamb. Monog., Cunning- hdmia. lanceoldta K. Br., Arau- caria lanceoldta Hort, Da'mmara Lamb. orientalis - 1066 Tribe II. CtJPRE'ssiNiE. VIII. T^HUJAi^. 1068 The Arbor VitK Thuya, or Arbre dc Vie, Fr. ; Lebens- baum, Ger. ; Tuja, Ital. § 1. ThuJcB vera. 1. occidentalis L. 1068 The American Arbor Vitas. — Thtija Theophrdsti Bauh. Pin., A'rbor Vitce Clus. Hist.: u^hile Cedar, Amer., Cedre americain, Cedre blaiic, Arbre de Vie, Fr. ; gemeiner Lebens- baum, Ger. ; Albero dc Vita, Ital. 2 variegata Marsh. 1069 T. 0. Jbliis variegiitis Lod. 2. (o.) plicata l)o7i7i 1069 Nee's Arbor Vitce. 3. chilensis Lamb. 1070 Cupressus U.yciides Pavon MSS. § ii. Biota. 4. orientalis L. - 1070 The Chinese Arbor Vita:. 2 strieta Hort. - 1070 T. pyramiddlis Eaum. 3 tatarica - - 1070 T. tatarica Lod. Cat. T. Warekwa. Booth Cat. § iii. Cyparissa. Tender Species. — T. cupres- soidesi., 2'. peusilis i. 1071 5. \>endu\n Lamb. 1071 ? T. Jiliformis Lodd., ? Ju- niperus flagellijormis Hort. Other Species. — T. fiiiformis J.odd. (? T. pendula Lamb.), 7'. dolabrata /,. - -1071 IX. Ca'llitris r. 1072 Thuja, part of, Lin. ; Fresne- lii Mirbel Mem. isUis. I. quadrivalvisTCTj. 1072 ThUja articulata Desf. All. Arb. et Arbriss., Cupressus ar- ticuldta Pin. Wob. Other Species rf Cdllitris C. Fothergilli (? Cupressus Fo. thcrgUR), C. triquetra (Cm. prcssus triquetra Lodd. Cat. 1830), C. cupressiformisFeni., C. macrostkchya Hort. 1072 X. Cupre'ssus L. 1073 The Cypress. — Cypres, Fr. ; Cypresse, Ger. ; Cipresso, Ital. ; Ciproste, Port. ; Cypres, Hun- garian. 1. sempervirens Z,. 1073 The common Cypress C. pyramiddlis Hort., ? C. fas- tigidta Hort. & Pin. Wob. : Cypres pyramidal. Cypres or- dinaire, Fr. ; getneine Cypres- c 4 senbaum, Ger. : tlic Italian Cy- press. 1 strieta Mill. Diet. 1073 Cyres 7nale, Fr. 2 horizontalis MZ/. 1073 C. horixontdlis N. Du 11. C. expdnsa Hort. Par. Cipresso Jemino, Ital. 2. ^hyoides L. - 107-i The VVhite Cedar Tliiija sphivro/ddlis Rich. Mem. sur (,;onil'. : Cypres Jaiix TIntja, Fr. 2 foliis variegatis 1075 3 nana Hort. - 1075 3. lusitanica Toiirn.1075 The Cedar of Goa C.glaHcu Brot. Fl. Lus., C. pendula L'Herit. Stirp. Nov.: Cedar of Bussaco ; C. phidula Thunb., Lamb. Pm., is supposed to be a different plant. 4. torulosa Lamb. 1076 The Bhotan Cypress. 5. pendula Thunb. 1076 Fi-moro, K^mpf. Amcen. Other Kinds of Cupressus, some ofifhich have been introduced, but of which little is known C. horizontalis Audibert, C. , thurilera H. B. et K., C. Tournel6rt/i Audibert, C. baccilorrais U'tlld., C. aus- tralis Pers.. C. aabinoldes H. B. et K., C. Coulterij Pin. Wob. (? C. thurfera H. B. et_K.), C. {ustigiila. Hort. Pin. Wob.,Gard. Mag. {Juniperus fastigidta Hort.) . - 1077 XI. Taxo^dium B. 1077 The deciduous Cypress Cupressus L., SchubertlaMirb.. Ccndyloedrpus Salisb. 1. distichum Rich. 1078 Cupressus disticha Lin. Sp. PI., Pursh Flor. Amer. Sept , C. amertedna Cat. Carol., C. virginidnc. Comm. Hort., Schubertia. d/sticha Mirb. : bald Cypress, Cy//ress, Amer. ; Cy- pres ehauvc, Fr. ; Ziveyzeilige Cypresse, Ger. ; Cipresso gag- gia, Ital. 1 patens Ait. Hort. 1 078 2 niitans Ait. - 1078 2'. d. pendula Loud. H. B. 3 excelsum Booth 1078 4 sinen.se - - 1078 T. siiiense Noisette. 5 pendulum - 1078 T. sinhise pendulumHoTt. Other Species of Taxodium T. sempervirens Lamb. 1080 XII. JUNI'PERUSZ,. 1080 The Juniper Snii^^aBauh.; Cedrus Tourn. : Genivrier, Fr. ; Wachholder, Ger. ; Gine- pro, Ital. § i. Oxycedri. — Leaves spreading in the adult Pktnts. D. Don. A. Natives of Europe. 1. communis Z. - 1081 J. vulgaris, &c., RaiiSyn. ; Ivi CONTENTS. J. m'mor Fuchs Hist. : Genev- n'rr commun, Fr. ; gC7nemer lyachholder, Ger. ; Ginepro nrro, Ital. 1 vulgaris Par/i. T. 1081 J. v.friiticosa Banh.Pin. J. c. ereclis Pursh Flor. Amer. Sept. 2 su^cica Ait. Hort. 1081 ? J. c. fastigiata Des Moii- lin's Cat. des Plantes cle la Dordogne. .T. stricta Hort. J. suecica Mill. Diet. J. vulgaris arbor Bauh. The Tree Juniper. .5 nana Willd. Sp. 1081 J. co?7ij}i.nnis /3 Fl. Br. J. c. saxatilis Pall. Ross. J. alp'ina Kali .Syn. J. alp'ma minor Gcr. F. minor mojitana, S^c, Bauh. Pin. .T. nana Smith Engl. Flor. J. silnrica Hort. J. dailrica Hort. & Booth. J. c. montana Ait. Hort. Kew. 4 oblonga - - 1082 J. oblonga Hort. 5 pundula - - 1082 6 canadensis - 1082 J. canadensis Lodd. Cat. 7 depressa Pursh 1082 Other Varieties - - 1082 2. OxjcedrusX. - 108.3 Tha brown-berried Juniper. — J. major Cam. Epit. ; J. ?«. inonspeli'^nsiuin Lob. Ic. i J. phiciiicca, %€., J. Bauh. Hist.-, J. major, ^c., C. Bauh. ; Ce- drus phcenicea, Matth. Valgr.; Oiycedrus Clus. Hist. ; O. plucnicea Dod. Pempt. : the Prickly Cedar : le Cade, Fr. ; Spanische Il'ae/Jiolder, Ger.; Cedro Fetiieio, Ital. 2tauricai/orf. - 1083 3. macrocarpa S. 1083 ? J. Oxi/cedrus var. ; J.mujor, haccci cceruled, Tourn. Inst. B. Native qf Asia. 4. drupacea Lah. 1084 The large-fruited Juniper J. major Bellon Obs. C. XativcofX. America, 5. virginiiina L. - 1084 The Red Cedar. — J. inajor americdna Raii Hist. ; J. maxima, SfC, Sloan ; Ginepro di Virginia. Shumilis Lodd. C. 1084 S caroliniana - 1084 J. caroliniana Du Roi Mill. Diet. Other Varieties - - 10S4 Other Species of Juniperns. — ,T. bermudi&na L. and J. ne- palensis Hort. {Cupri-ssns ne- palensis Hort.) are described in our first edition. § ii. Sabine:;. — Leaves of the adult Plant imbri- cated. D. Don. A. Natives of Europe. 6. 5abina - - 1085 The common Savin Sabine, Fr. ; stinkender Wachholder, Ger. ; Planta daunata and Cipresso des Maghi, Ital. 1 ciipressi folia .^tY.iiT. if. J. lusitanica fllill. Diet. Sahina Dod. Pempt. La Sabine male, Fr. 2 iamariscifolia Ait. J. S,abina Mill. Diet. La Sabine fcmelle. 3 foliis variegatis Mart. 4 prostrata - 1086 J. prostrata Mx.; J. ripens Nutt. J. AMrfsoTiicn Lodd. Cat. 5 alpina - - 1086 J. alpina Lodd. Cat. 7. phcenicea L. - 1087 Cedrus pkwnicea media Lob. Icon., Oiycedrus lycia Dod. Pempt. : Genevrier de Phenicie, Fr. ; dichtnadliger Wachholder, Ger. ; Cedro licio, Ital. 8. (p.) lycia L. - 1087 J. p. /3 lycia N. Du Ham.: Cipressen U'aehholder, Ger. 9. thurifera L. - 1088 Spanish Juniper J. kispa- nica Mill. Diet. ; Ctdrushispi- nica, ^c, Tourn. Inst. B. Natives of Asia. 10. excel sa Willd. 1088 J. Sabina var. Pall. Ross. ; Himalaya Cedar-wood. 11. squaraiita Z*07i. 1088 The creeping Cedar. — J. squanidsa Wall. 12. recurva Ham. 1089 13. chinensis L. - 1089 ? J. c. SmiiMi-Arb. Brit. ed. 1 . 14. uviferaZ*. Don 1089 Other Species of iunipcrus, of recent Introduction, but of which little is known. — J. tetragbna H. B et K., J. flaccida Schiede, J. dealbat.i i/o>7.,J.Bagellif6rmis/yor?.,.7. gossainthanea Hort., J. Hed- ford/(JnrtHort., J. Hudson/anu P/n.Wob., J. barbadensis /.., J. hemisph^'rica Presl . lOSD Y^mjjetrdcedO. I. .E'MPETRUMi. - lODl The Crowberry. 1. nigrum L. - 1091 The Crakeberry Uricacac- cifera procfimbe7is Ger. Emac , E. Cbris ftilio undecima Clus. Hist. 2 scoticum Hook. - 1091 2. rubrumi. - 1091 Cranberry of Staten Lsland. 3. Conrt\d/i Torrey 1092 II. CORE^MA Z).i>0?2 1092 'E'mpetrum, in part, L 1. albaZ>.Z)o72 - 1092 'E'mpetruyn album Lin. Sp-; E. lusitdnicum, ^rc.Tour. Inst.; 'Erica ereclis, ^c, Bauh. Pin.: the white-berried Heath, Por- tugal Crakeberry. III. Cer.ati'ola - 1092 1. mciiides - - 1093 Class II. E^DO'GEN.^. SmilacetT. I. Smi'lax L. - 1093 Smilax Fr. and Ger.: Smilace, Ital. § i. SteiTis pricldij and an- gular. 1, aspera L. - - 1094 Rougli Bindweed. — Bogo acerbo7ie, Ital. 2 auriculata ^i<. - 1094 3 mauritanica .. 1094 S. 7nauritdnica Poir. 2. excelsaZ. - - 1094 S. orientdlis, i§c., Tourn. Cor., Bux. Cent. ; S. aspera Alp. /Egypt, ed. 9. 3. rubens IVats. - 1094 4. Sarsaparilla L. - 1 095 S. peruviana Sarsaparillafio-. Emac; S. glnUca Mx.Walt., Fl. Car. : the glaucous-leaved S7ni- lax: Salsa pariglia, Ital. 5. hastata iVilld. - 1095 S. B6na-nox Mx. Fl. Amer. 5. aspera var. Lam. Encyc. 6. Watsoni Swt. - 1095 S. longijolia Vats. Den. Brit., S. h. 2 lanceoUla Arb. Erit. ed. I. 7. Walter/i Pursh 1095 S. China Walt. Fl. Car. 8. maculata Roxh. 109G § ii. Stems pricldy, round. 9. China i. - - 1096 China radix Bauh. Pin. ; S>7nilax aspera 7ni7wrV\uw\. Ic; Sankira vtilgo Quaquara, Sec, Keempf. Amoen. Ex. : Cena gentila, Ital. 10. rotundifolia L. 109G CONTENTS. Ivil ll./aurifoliai. - 1096 S. altera, igust:fdlius, SjC, Tourn. Inst. ; Hypoglossum Lob. Adv., Uvuldria Brunf. : Fragon a. Foliole, Fr. ; Zungen M'dusedom, Ger. ; Lingua pa- gana, Ital. 4. racemosus i. - 1101 The Alexandria Laurel. — R. angustifdlius, frUctu st<7>i?nis rdmulis, l^e., Tourn. Inst. : Fragon d Griippes, Fr. ; Trau- benildusedorn, Ger.; Lauro ideo, Ital. II. Yu'ccaL. - 1101 The Adam's Needle. 1. gloriosa L. - 1101 Y. canadina Aid. Hort. Par. ; Y. indica, SfC., Barr. Rar. ; Y. peruana Ger. Emac. ; Y. ndva gloriosa, %c.. Lob. Adv. : the superb Yucca : Yucca nain. Yucca a Feuilles entieres, Fr. ; pr'uchtiger Yucca, Ger. 2 foliis varieg. Lod. 11 02 2. (g.) superba - 1102 Y. gloribsa Andr. Bot. Rep. 3. aloifoiia L. - 1102 Y. arborescens. 4'C-> Dill- Elth.; Y. cauUscens Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2 pendula Cat. Hrt. 1 102 4. draconis i. - 1103 The drooping-leavsd Adam's Needle. — i>rucuii.i drbori, IfjC , Bauh. Pin. o. st.xic\.?i Sims - 110.3 Lyon's 7iarrow-leaved Adam's Needle. 6. recurvifolia Salts, 1 103 Y. recdrva Hort. 7. filamentosa - 1103 The thready Adam's Needle. — Y. J'dliis filamentbsis Moris. Hist. ; Y. virginidna, ijrc, Pluk. Aim. 8. (f.) angustifolia 1104 9. flaccida Haiu. - 1104 10. glaucescens H. 1 104 SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES AND VARIETIES, AND SYNONYMES. ^ammcidacecE. Clemati'deje. C'le^MATIS. californicaG.ikf. 1111 ^tra'gene. raacropetala Led. 1111 Whiteraceas. Illi'cium. religiosum Sieb. ? 1 1 1 1 Skimi, Japan. Magnolmcese. Magno'l7/<. grandifiora var. Har- wicus Hort. - 1111 purpurea var. hybi'ida Hort. - - 1111 Berberaceae. Be'rberis. vulgaris fol. purpureis Hort. - - 1111 MaHO N/J. pallida - - 1111 Berberis pallida Hartw. gracilis - - 1111 B. grdcilis Hartw. trifoliata - - 1111 B. trifoliata Hartw. lanceoliitum - 1112 B. laneeoldlum Benth. angu.stif61ia - 1112 B. angustifolia Hartw. Hartweg« - 1112 B. Hartwegii Benth. AurantiacccB. LiM&NIA. Laureola JFrt//. 1112 Uj/pericaccce. i7YPE'EICU3I. rosmarinifolium 1112 AceracetB. J'CER. laevigatum Wall. II 12 colchicum Hrtivis. 1112 colchicum var. rubrum Booth . - 1112 campestre riibris 1112 c. heterocarpum 1112 glabrumT'or.c^-G.1112 tripartitum Xidt. 1112 grandidentatiim 1112 iviii CONTENTS. ^E'SCULUS. (H.) rabicunda 1113 Capj)a ridacecB. Iso'meris. arborea Nntt. - 1113 NitacecE. parvifolia i?oj//f 1113 heterophylk 5. ? 1113 Kquijhliaccce. Jquif. penduliiin 1113 latifolia Hurt. - 1113 ?I. \aurifulia Hurt. ^hamnace.(jC. Ceano'thus. a. 2 interniedius 1113 ^ha'mnus. Wicklius J«c(?. 1113 ^runifoiius Booth 11 13 AnacarcUcicccc. Dxsvav'a. longifolia /Zo;-/. 1113 Leguminosce. SOPHO^RA. [Pjaponica] grancliflora Hort. - - 111-i jap. pubescens B. 1114 6^ENl'sTA. thyrsiflora i?ooi;A lll-i Indigo'fera. nepalensis Ho7't. Caraga^na. Gerard/«?;a R03I Tartaric Furze. J.stra'galus. friiticosus Dec. vimineus Dec. - Tlosdcece. ^Imy'gdalus. PalliisH Ledeb. A. pcdunculiita Pallas. Pru'nus. Alume Sieb. - IIM Ce'rasus. L. var. colchica 1 1 M L.tJOT-.£)H«r///(?)ni4 S^lViELA. f issa Lindl. - 1114- lanceoliita Po/r. lU-l S. Rceves'Awa. Hort. rotundifoliaLmf/. 1 1 1-i NUTTA'LLr^. cerasitormis Tor. 1115 1114 ,1114 1114 1114 1114 RV^BVS. lasiocarpus Royl. 1115 trilobus Dec. - 1115 CrATjE^GUS. Oxyac. oxyphylla 1 1 15 O. fructucoccineol 1 15 Pyrac.fi-.aib. i/^.1115 livul-dds T. et G. 1115 coccinea j'.viridis 1115 c. iY/r.popuIifolia 1 1 15 c. var. oligandra 1115 c. var. mollis - 1115 arborescens Tor. 1115 jestivalis 'P. £■/! G. 1115 C. optica Hook. derberi lolm Torr. 1115 Cotonea'ster. bacillaris JFall. 1115 AilELA'NCIIIER. (v.) ovalis 2 subcor- data - - 1115 Pctromeles ovalis subcordata Jacquin. Py^rus. heterophjlla B. 1115 VJiiladclpJiciccce. Piiilade'lphus. mexicanus Bcnth. 1115 Grosmlacece. Rl^BES. tauricum Jacquhi 1116 Araliacea:. iJE'DERA. //elix var. taurica 1116 Qorndcea. Co'rnus. grandis Bentli. - lllG macrophyllafF«//.l 116 SambzicecB. Tibu'rnum. Aioaf iJci Sieh.? 1116 ? V . japSnicum Hort. slnense Zci/k. - 1116 II fitl/aha liam. 1116 V. stelluldtum Wall. pygma^^a Royle 1116 Loiiicerete. LoNl'CERyi. ciliosa Poir. - 1116 Encacc(C. ^rctosta'phylos. piingens //. et B.lllG nitida Bcnth. - 11 10 Perne'tty/<. angustiioliaLwirf/.l 1 16 P. p/iilli/recefdlia Hort. Oleacea. ilGU'STRUM. nepalense - 1116 Li. i'esiilzc7n Wall. Syri'nga. Eimdi - - 1117 S. indica Wall. Vohjgonucece, Poly'gonum. volcanicum Ben. 1117 KsdepiadikcG.^. MoRRE'N/.i. odorata Lindl. - 1117 Solanacece. Fabia~n^. iinbricata R.etP.WM Thi/melucecB. Z)a'phne. Auckiandii Lindl. 1 1 17 YAcEcignacece. .El.ea'gnus. parvifolia Roylc 1117 Spo\\7in- r.ji £«. — JSuxus,703. Cupressus, 1073. i~lex, l-jG. Juniperus, 1080. Phillyrea, G3L Thiija, IOCS. llesmous woods. Dccid. — iarix, 1033. ^ ^.„ £!). — ^~bies, 102.5. Cfedrus, 10S7. Picca, 103G. Kiius, 9o0. Selected for the charactei- of the Head. For its eeneral bulk. ^. , ,-»• « ^ m* Bcrid — .-i'cer Pseiido-Plat-inus, and A. obtnsatura, 79. ^E'sculus Hippoc&stanum, 124 CarpinusPctulus.Olfi. Pagus sylvatica, -Ji)'). Parix europas'a, 1053. Pupulus, most^of till! species, 819. (iuercus Cerris, 846. s;ilix, several species, / 44. J iha europic a, G3. f/'lniu's, most of the species, 715. ,„„„ - Ev. — Finns sylvestris, P. Laricio, P.Pmaster, and P. Pallasza««, 9o0. "'"'''Ivji".^— Ji'lnus glutin&sa laclniata, 832. Populus fastigiilta, and P. monililera, hVi. Quercus Cerris, 846. 6"lmus campestris stricta. 715. £y. — ^"bies, 1025. Picea, 103G. Plnus, 950. °'" "prt^/rf!'-!."casttnea vesca, 91 1. Kigus sylvitica, 905. Praxinus excelsior, 639. Quercus- pedunculkta, 846. i7'lmus montana, 715. Selected tviih a view to tlie production of Skelter. For general purposes. . , , . ..„ Vecid —Acer Psciido-Platanus. 79. Carpmus Petulus, 010. Pagus syivatica, 905, Parix europa;~a, 1053. Populus alba, 819. Pyrus ^~na, 417. L'lmus montana, 71j. Plnus sylvestris, 950. _ For drawing up voung plantations. ,„„■„-, ^ . ,,_ t,a ' Dec?d.—BeHx\A alba, 837. XJirix europa^'a, 10o3. Pj-rus aucuparia, 41/. Pdpu.us balsamifera, and P. candicans, 819. Pti.— yJ'bies exceisa, 1('25. Pinus sylvestris, 9aO. For protection from the sea breeze. . . . Dccid. — A'ce.T Pseudo-Platanus, 79. Wippuphae RhamnolUes, COS. POpulus alba, Pyrus ,4Via, 417. Sambticus nigra, 513. , Selected for the production of Shade. For shade in summer only. Most deciduous species. For shade in summer and winter. Most evergreen species. Selected as adapted for particular Soil. 'hl'cid -^AiTdntus glandulbsa, 145. Petula alba, 837. Carpinus Petulus, 91fi. Cerasus vulgaris and C. sylvestris, 276. Pagus svlvatica, 905. Gledi'tsclna triacanthos, 249. i/ii;p6phae Rhamnoldes, 608. iarix euroi]iB"a, 1053. Pyrus ^'ria, and P. aucuparia, 417. Ro'uinia.Pseudo Achci^, 233. Ey._P',nus sylvestris, P. Pinaster, and P. austriaca, 950. For moist soils. ,„ , . ^ „o„ n, •» Decid.—A'cev eriocarpum, and A. rilbrum, /9. ^'Inus glutmOsa, 832. Platanus occi- dentaiis, 927. P6pulus, 819. Aalix, 744. Ev. — ^"bies communis, 1025. °'^ ^PraV/° — Petula alba, 837. Pdpulus tremula, and P. balsamffera, 819. Silix caprca, 744. Ev /i'bies communis, 1025. ""^ ^i)ec!rf. — !e'scu1us Hippocastanum, 124. farya aiba, 73.5. Castanea vesca. 911. Jiiglans regia, 732. P6pulus, most of the species, 819. auercus, most species, 846. Sklix., 744. I/'lmus, 715. Selected as adapted for particu.'ar Situations. On elevated surfaces. n . ,,.. o i,v > -1.1 Decid. — Pttula alba, 837. P?rus ^'ria, and P. aucupana, 417. Sambttcus nigra, .al3. Ev. — i^inus sylvestris, and P. Cembra, 950. ^ Sheltered bv houses. „, , ^ • •». n,r> ^•••■ Decid. — A'QfiT Psetido-Platanus, 79. ^ Platanus, 927. P6pulu3 fastigi;\ta, 819. 7iiia curopis'a. 63. [/'Imus campestris, 715. Exposed to tiie sea breeze. ,,, P<'tvrf — .Peer Psetido-Platanus. 79. Hipp6phae Rhamnoides, G98. Pdpulus alba, 819. Pyrus .-i'ria, 417. Sambticus nigra, 513. Selected for being grcirn for special P'urposes. For producing an immediate screen, so dense as to interrupt the view. Decid. J'cer PseCldo-Platanus, 79. ^E'sculus llippocastanum, 124. Tarpinus Petu- lus. 91G. Pagus syivatica, 905. Illia europa;'a, 63. U'lmus campestris and U. montana, 715. , t, t>- ^ r.-n Ev.—A"bies excclsa, 1025. Plnus sylvestris, P. Laricio, and P. Pinaster, 9o0. Partially to interrupt the view. ^ ^, j , ■ jjfCirf— Petula alba, 837. Cerasus sylvestris, 27G. Praxinus excelsior, r39. r.leditschirt triacanthos, 249. Populus tremula and P. grie'ca, 819. Robinia Pseud-/Jciicia, 2,33. For producing timber in hedgerows. ^ Decid.— .rccv Psciido-Platanus, 79. ^//a?j<«i glandulbsa, 145. CiXrya alba, /o.i. Cas- tanea vesca, 911. Pyrus commanis, 417. fiuercus pedunculkta. Q. sessilifiCira, Q. Cerris, Q. rilbra, Q. coccinea, and Q. palustris, 846. U'lmus campestris, 715. For forming avenues. Decid -.'cer Psetido-J^latanus, 79. ^'scnlus Hippocastanum, 124. Carpinus Petuhis 916 Carya alba, 735. CastClnca vesca, 911. Cerasus sylvestris. and C. vulgaris, 276. Pagus syivatica, 305. JClglans regia, 732. /.arix europs^a, 1053. Platanus orientalis, and P. occidentalis, 927. /■'opulus, most of the si)ecies, 819. Pyrus commiin is, .and P. ilfalus, 417. Ouercus, many of the species, 846 Pobinm Pseiid--:Jcacia. 233. P'lmus, most of the species, 715. WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR USES IN PLANTATIONS. 1x1 ivu.— ^bies excelsa, 1025. Cedrus Libani, 105". Picea pectinita, 10.3G. Pinus «yl- vestris, P. Larfcio, P. ralias/ana, P. Pinaster, &c., 950. 7'-dxus baccata, 939. JFor forming lofty hedges. Dcchi — yj\er campcstre, 79. .Betula &lba, 837. Carpinus i?etulus,91G. Pigus syl- vatica, 905. iirix europaj^a, 1053. O'strya vulgaris, 919. Populus fastigiata, si9. 211ia europfp'a, (iS. L''lnius campestris, 715. Ev. — //bies excelsa, 1025. i'lex ^Jquiftjlium, 156. Juniperus virgini^na, lOSO. Picea pectin^ta, 1036. tfuercus /lex, 846. Taxus baccita, 939. T"or being periodically cut down as coppice-wood, but not in the shade of other trees. Di-cid. — Pctula alba, 837. C'astanea vesca, 911. Prixinus excelsior, G39. ftulrcus pedunculata and sessilifliira, 846. For being periodically cut down as coppice-wood, in the shade of other trees. Ev — Cerasus Laurocerasus, 276. .Buxus sempervirens, 703. i'lex .^quifblium, 156. Juniperus, lOSO. tjucrcus J'lex, 840. Taxus baccata, 939 iclcclcd in part fcr tJuir produce in Fyuils or Seeds. Used in various arts and manufactures. Dccid ^'sculus, 124. P^gus, 905. Quercus, 846. Used in household economy. Jjccid. — C'arya. 735. Castilnea, 911. Ccrasus sylvcstris, .^nd C. vulgaris, 27C. ./figlans, 732. iVcspilus, 416. jV6rus, 705. Primus, 270. Pyrus, 417. As food for singing-birds, game, or wild animals. Dccid. — Crats'gus, 352. i'yrus aucuparia, 417. /"lex .^quifolium, 150. Selected in part for their produce in Bark. For the tanner. Decid — Petula alba, 8.'!7. Castanea vesca, 911. Z.5.rix europffi\a, 10.53. Pyrus ancu- p^ria, 417. Quercus pedunculata, and U- sessiliflora, 84S. i'ilix, various species, 744. For otlier arts. Py. — /lex JquifMium, 156. Tilia europse a, £3. Selected in part for the use of their Leaves. As substitutes for spent tan in gardens. Decid. — Quercus, 846, C'astinea, 911. As producing, by decomposition, leaf-mould. All trees, especially the broad-leaved kinds. As winter food for cattle. Decid — Petula, 837. il/^rus, 715. Populus, 819. PJrus, 417. Robinm, 233. Sulix, 744. PIlia, 63. i/''lmus, 715. laSiES GROWN CHIEFLY FOR OllN.^ME.NTAL PURPOSES. Selected with reference to their Bulk. Large-sized ornamental tree.«. _ Decid. — ^'cer /jlatanoides. A. eriocarpum, and -^. rCibrum, 79 ^*.'sculus Hippocas- tanum, 124. Ailantus glandulbsa, 145. .J'lnus glutinbsa laciniita. A. incana, and A. cordifblia, 832. Petula populif61ia, and B. nigra, 837. Celtis austrilis, 727. Pagus sylvatica purpiirea, 905. Praxinus americana, 639. Liriodendron Tuliplfera, 3'5. O'strya vulgaris, 919. Platanus orientalis, 927. Quercus Cerris fulhamensis, and Q. C. Lucombeana, 846. Kobin/a Pseud-zicacia, 233. Taxbdiura distichum, 1077. El'.— ^"bies, 1025. Cedrus, 1057. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Middle-sized ornamental trees. D^cit.'. — J^cer, 79. ' Curylus, 921. Gleditscbrn. 249. Liquidambar, £32. MagnbbVz acuminata, 21. i1/6rus alba, 705. Jse^Uvdo, 122. O'rnus, 651. O'strj-a, 919. Pav/«, 128. Populus, 819. Pyrus, 417. Koblnjo, 233. Salisbtinn, 944. Aalix, 744. 7'ilia, 63. p!'. — yi'bies, 1025. Cuprcssus, 1073. Junfperus, 1080. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Quercus, 846. Paxus, 939, ike. Small-sized ornamental trees. Dccid. — J'cer, 79. Jmjgdalus, 26). .^rmenlaca, 267. Broussoneti'a, 710. Catdlpa, 662. Ccrasus, 276. Crataj'gus, 352. Cydonia, 4.50. Cytisus, 213. /)iospyros, 625. Plicagnus, 696. puonymus, 149. Gleditschia, 249. HaleSio, 620. /fippophae, 698. Kolreuter;'«, 134. Liquidambar, 932. MagnJ)h'a, 21. >/espilus, 414. jl/6rus, 705. Pav/rt, 128. Persica, 265. Pranus, 270. Pyrus, 417. Quercus, 846. Phamnus, 170. KobiuM, 233. ,Salix, 744. Virgilin, 197. Xanthoxylum, 142. £?r. _Cerasus lusitanica, 276. Cupressus, 1073. /'lex, 1.56. Juniperus, 1080. iaiirus, 6S1. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Quercus, 846. Paxus, 939. Phtija, 1C6S. H'-kcted u'ith reference to their Form. With upright oblong or globose heads. Decid .-I'cer obtusatum, 79. ^'scukis Hippocastanum, 124. .i'lnus, f^32. Ccrasus, 276. Pagus, 905. Populus, 819. Pyrus ^-i'ria, andP. aucup^ria, 417. Quercus Cerris, 846. t/'lmus, 715. AVith spreading heads. iJiTi'rf. — ^rmeniaca, 267. Cratse'gus Criis-g&lli, 352. Piosp^ros, 625. J/espilus, 414. Per.sica, 265. With conical heads. Dccid. — Lirisi, 1053. TaxBdiura, 1077. py. — ^'bies, 102.5. Cedrus, 1057. Cupressus sempervirens, 1C73. Juniperus, 1080. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. i'hiija, 1068. With spirv heads. P)i-c?rf. — Cratse'gus Oxyacantha stricta, 352. Populus fastigiata, Si 0. Qi-ltcus pedun- culata fastigiata, 846. Ev. — Paxus bacckta fastigiita, 939. Selected with reference to their Mode of Grotcth. With pendent shoots and branches. Pcf/rf.— Petula alba pendula, 837. Cerasus semperflbrens, 276. Cratai'gus Oxyacantha reglHEe, 352. Cytisus iabiirnum pendulum, 213. Pagus sjlvatica peatlula, 905. Ixii ANALYSIS OF THE COM3IONEII TREKS AND SHRUBS, i^raxinus excelsior pi'iidula. and F. /entiscifcilia pendula, 639. Larix europa;\i pendulav 1053. FcLviti rubra pijndula. 128. P6pulus treniula pendula, 819. Quurcus pedun- culata, 84G. *'alix babylonica, 744. Taxbdium distichum pendulum, 1077. i/'lmus montana pendula, 715. " £w. — Cupressus pendula, 1073. /Mex ^quif61iura, T. pendulum (both rare), 15G. Ju- niperus recurva, 1080. With vertical shoots and branches. Dead. — Carpinus i'etuiu'j, 916. i^Jkgus sylvatica, 905. GvTnnocladus canadensis, 255. i'j-rus /I'ria, and P. aucup&ria, 417. i/'lmus montina fastigiit.-., 715 ; and the other fastigiate or spiry-headed trees enumerated above. With horizontal shoots and l)nuiches. Decid. — J'lnus glutinosa laciniata, 8.32. Cratee'gus Criis-galli, 352. Diospyros X.6tus, 625. Robin;n I'scdd-.Jcacia, R. umbracuUt'era, 233. Tax6dium dfstichura, 1077. i/'l- mus montana pendula, 715. Ev.—.rh\ei, 1025. Cedrus, 1057. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Selected with reference to their Foliage. Duration. Deciduous ornamental trees. Developed early in spring. Decid. — J'cer Psetido-Platanus, and A. tataricum, 79. Crataegus nigra, and C. Oxyacantha prse^cox, 352. Populusbalsamifera, 819. i'ambCicus nigra, 513. Tilia europai'a, 63. i/'lmus campestris, 715. Developed late. i)^c«/. — .'i/A/7;/7(S glandul6sa, 145. Carya, 735. Catdlpa. 6G2. praxinns, G39. Gleditschm. 2-19. GymnAcladus, 255. Juglans, 732. Pyrus A^via., and P. vestita, 417. Quercus Taiixin, 846. Virgilia Ititea, 197. Dropping earl}'. Decid. — ^rcer Pseiido-Platanus, 79. yE'sculus Hippoc&stanum, 124. Praxinus excelsior, 639. l'av;a, 128. Pi5pu!us, 819. RoU'inia, 233. 7'ilia, 63. Dropping late. Decid. — A^cer campestre, and A. creticum, 79. Carpinus PctuUis, 916. f rata^'pi's Crus.galli, 352. Fagus sylvatica, 905. Liquidambar imberbe, 932. Planera Richardz, 725. ^uercus, 846. Fcrsistent, oi'ten remaining on in a withered state till spring. Dt'cid. — Carpinus Petulus, 916. Pagus sylvatica, 905. Liquiddrabar im- berbe, 932. Quercus Cerris, and Q. Tadzin, 846. I'vergreen ornamental trees. ^i~bies, 1025. Cedrus, 1057. Cc'rasus lusitanica, 276. Cupressns, 1073. /~lex y^quil'blium, 156. Junfperus, 1080. iaiirus n6bilis, 681. MagnblM- granditidra. 21. Picea, 1036. Pmus, 950. Qucrcus /'lex, 846. 2axus,, 939. 7huja, 1C68. Subevcrgreen ornamenta) trees. Crata^'gns Crus-giilli, and C. mexicana, 352. Magnbh'd Thompson^iinn, 21. Pyrus coronaria. 417. Quercus Cerris fulhamcnsis, Q. Cerris Lucom-- heilim, (J. hybrida nana and Q. Turner/, 846. Form nvA cliaracter. Simple leaves. Large. Decid — /i'cer macrophjllum, 79. Castanea vesca, 911. Catdlpa syringiE- fftlia, 662. Magnf)l^'a macrophylla, M. tripetala, and M. acuminata, 21. Platanus, 927. Pcipulus heterophylla, 819. Pyrus vestita, 417. Quercus sessilitlOra, and Q. nigra, 846. i/'lmus montana, 715. Ev.' — Magn6U'fl! granditidra, 21. Small. Decid. — A^cer creticum, 79. Crata^'gus Oxyacftntha, 3.52. Pu6nymus eu- - ropae'us, 149. priinus spintisa, 270. L"lmus chinensis, 715. Linear, or needle-like. Decid. — LiiTi\, 1053. Taxbdium. 1077. Ev. — A'bio.s, 102.5. Cedrus, 1057. Cupressus, 1073. Juniperus, 1080. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Paxus, 939. I'hOja, V068. Campound leaves. Large. Decid.— Aildntns. 1145. Carya. 73-5. Gleditschm. 249. Gvmn6cladus, 255. jaglans,732. K61reuter!«, 134. praxinus, 639. Virgilifl, 197. Small. Z)f«rf. — ^'sculus, 124. Cytisus, 213. O'rnus, 651. Negundo, \2% Vhvia, 128. PtMea, 143. Colour. In deciduous trees in early summer. Ligiit, or yellowish, green. Decid. — .-i'cer PscCldo-Platanus lutescens, and >4. platandides, 79. Ca. ta/!>ii si/ringi{'i"()\ia.A''62. Kolreuturj'rt, 134. Maclurn, 711. Neglindo, 122 Pdpulus balsamifera, 819. Ev. — r^uercus pedunculata, and Q. sessiliflora, 846. Salix, 744. T^lia, 63. VirgiliiT, 197. Dark green. Decid —A']nus, 832. Castanea, 911. Celtis, 727. Pu(5nymus, 149. Li- quidambar, 932. Pav«(, 128. Prunus, 270. Purple. Decid — A^ccr Psciido-PlStanus purpuriiscens, 79. Pagus sylvatica pur- purea, 905. auercus pedunculata purpurascens, 846. Variegated. Decid.— A'ccT platan61des variogatum, and A. Pseddo-Pl.ttanus variegSta, S6. Castanea vesca varicgata, 912. praxinus heterophylla variogata, 039. (iuercus pedunculata variegnta and Q. Cerris variegata, 846. t/'lmua . Cimpestris variegata, 715. WITH PlEFERENCE TO THEIU USES IX PLANTATIONS. Ixiii In deciduous trees in autumn before falling olT. Red or purple. Ijecid.— A'cer riibrum,79. Liquidarabar, 032. MagnBha auriculMa, 21. yuercus rubra, Q. nigra, Q. tinctdria, and Q. palustris, 846. Yellow. Dccid. — ^'cer platanoides, and A. saccharinum, 79. J?etula alba, 837. fraxinus excelsior, G39. Kijlreuterm, 134. Xarix, 1053. Liriodendron, 36. Macliirrt. 711. NegHndo, 122. F6pulus nigra, and /*. canadensis, 819. Ptelea trilbliata, 143. Pyrus vestUa, 417. SalisbClria, 844. Virgilia, 197. Green, orwitliout changing colour. Dead yJ'lnus, 832. Celtis,727. Cratae'gus Crus-galli, and C. mexicana, 352. Diospjros, 625. Pyrus coroniria, 417. Brown, or without bright colour. Dead. — jJVer Pseiido-Pl^tanus, 79. Aildntus., lib. Carya, 735. JQglans, 1080. P6pulus grs'ca, P. tremula, and P. balsamifera, 819 In evergreens. Li^ht green. t'edrus J)eorfd)-(i, 1057. Cupressus Zhviiides, and C lusitanica, 1C73. Junl- perus, 1080. Magnbh'a graudiflura,' 21. Jhuja, 1068. Dark green. yl'bies exc(31sa nigra, 1025. Cerasus lusitanica, 276. Cupressus, 1073. Plex, 1.56. Juniperus, lOSO. iaurus ndbiiis, 681. Picea, 1036. Plnus, 950. Quercus Plex, 846. Taxus, 939. Variegated. yi'bies excelsa rariegata, 1025. Cupressus Ayoides variegata, 1073. Plex ..^quifbliura v.irieg3tum, 156. Plnus Pinaster variegata, 961. Qucrcus Plex variegata, 846. 2'axus baccata variegita, 939. Fragrant leaves. i>-'arf. — Petula, 837. Jiiglans, 732. Liquidambar, 932. Salix pcntSndra, 744. £v. — yj^bies, 1025. /uniperus, 1080. i-ailrus, 6S1. Picea, 1036. Pinus, 950. Phuja, 1068. Selected ivi.'/i reference to their Flowers. Produred in spring. Ked or purple. Dcc'u! J^cer riibrum, 79. ..^mygdalus, 261. Crat;s' gus Oxyacantha rCisea, and C. O. punicea, 352. Pavi'a rilbra, 128. Persica, 265. Yellow. Decid. — .4Ver platanoldes, and yl. monspessalanum, 79. Cytisus iabiirnum, and C. alplnus, 213. Salix, 744. Xanth6xylum, 142. Vrhite. Decid ^rmenlaca, 267. Cerasus, 276. Cri-.tre'gus, 352. Majnolm conspicua, 21 ■ Prunus, 270. Pyrus, 417. Staphylda, 147. "\^ariegated. Decid /E'sculus, 124. Pav/a, 12S. Pyrus j'-Tiilus, P. coron^ria, and P. specta- bilis, 417. Kobini'a visctisa, 233. In summer. lied or purple. Decid. — RobiniVi hispida, 233. Yellow or orange. Decid Kolreutdri'a, 134. VirgUia ICltea, 1D7. Vt'hite or whitish. Decid. — Cratse'gus cordata, and C. mexicina, .352. Hales/a tetraptern, 620. Liriodendron, 36. Magnbha, 21. JViC'spilus,414. Fiobln/a PseLld-.dcacia, 233. '\'ariegated. Dccid. — Cat:':lpa, 662. Selected ivith reference to their Fruit or Seed. Large and showy. Decid ]^rmenlaca vulgaris, 267. Cydonia vulgclris, 450. MaclClra aurantJaca, 711. Persica vulgaris, 265. Prilnus domestica, 270. Pyrus communis, P. il/Mus, and P. ^f. astracanica, 417. Small, but conspicuous from colour and quantity. Decid. — CeltJs, 727. Cerasus, 276. Crata;'gus, 352. Hipp6phae, 698. Pyrus Jl/dlus 7;runifolia, P. M. baccita, P. .,4'ria, P. intermedia, P. torminSilis, P. auriculata, P. aucuparia, and P. americana, 417. i?haninus catharticus, and M. frangula, 170. Eu / if.K yiquilblium, 156. Juniperus, 1080. iaiirus, 681. Singular in form or character. Decid. — Eu6uymu$, 149. Liquid.'.mbar, 932. MagnM/a, 21. Plataaus, 927. Quercus Cerris, and U. yE'giiojis, 846. SHRUBS. Shrubs grow.s chiefly for usefvl Pit.poses. Selected n.ajff, 6a iJhododendron, 583. L"lex, 199. raccin'ium, 604. Selected i7.s adapted for Hedges. Decid.— Eerberis, 42. Cvtisus scoparius, 213. Hippuphae, G3S. iigustrum, 628. Paliurui, 1C«. Tibsa, 321. S//'' .'"!,'«. ''35. AV. — .Buxus, 703. ilex, 1.56. Juniperus, lOSO. Phillyrea, 631. ZTlex, 199. Ixiv ANALYSIS OF THE COMMOlIEll TREES ANIi SHRUBS;.. Shrubs grown chiefly i-or ornamental Purposes. S.iccled ti'ith reference to their Bulk. l.arge-sizetl shrubs. l)fc/rf. — /?accharis, 54G. Berberis, 42. E6ry«, 713. Buddlea, 670. Caragana, 2.37. Colutea, 244. Curnus, 501. Cotoneaster, 40.7. ^uonymus, 149. Fontanesin, 638. Halimodi'ndron, 242. /famameUs, 41)9. //ippophae, G98. iigustrum, 628. Paliuras, 168. Philadelphus, 460. Piptanthus, l!i8. Tihus, 1S6. Ribes, 468. 5ambiicus, 513. Shepherd;n, 7(J0. Spartium, 202. Syringn, 635. /-"iburnum, 516. Ev. — A'rhatui, 673. i>ii:ius, 703. i'lcx, 156. Janiperus, 1080. Xaurus, 681. Phillyrea, 631. Middle-sized slirubs. , „ ^ , i)hnc IMezereum, 6HG. Genista, 203. i/ypericum, 74. iigustrum. 628. Potentilla, 319. iihododendron, 583. Bibes, 468. Spirfe'a, 299. Symphorla'irpos, 541. Si/riiiga, G36. Ev. — Aucuha, o\\. i'upleiirum, 49-5. .Buxus, 703. Daphne, 086. ffypericum Kal- mictnum, 74. MahiJuM, 50. Phillyrea, 631. iihododendron, 583. f/'lex, 199, fibiirnura Tinus, 604. With open, rather irrcgul.ar, heads. ijfc/d. — Amnrplia, 230. ijuccharis, 516. Btiddlen, 670. Colutea, 244. Cotoneaster, 405. Philadelphus, 460. Piptfenthus, 198. iihus, 186. With conical or pointed heads. Ev. — Cupressus, 1073. Plex, 150. Juniperus, 1080. i/"lex stricta, 199. Selected trith reference to their Mode of Growth. Ci:.6hes with upright shoots and branches. Decid. — Caragdna,i?u. Cornus (fl.) stricta, 501. 7/ibIscus, 62. Jasminum friiticans, 6.54. Ker)7«, 298. Leycestcrm, 543. Philadelphus, 460. Spartium, 202. .S'pira;'a, 209. Tamarix, 458. Myricaria, 4.59, ££,._ Juniperus c. suecica, 1081. t/Mex e. stricta, 199. Taxus b. stricta, 939. ITiiija o. stricta, 1068. I)ushes with pendent shoots and branches. Climbers. I!y tendrils, or grasping fibrils. DfC'rf. — Anipelopsis, 139. ^tragene, 16. Cicfnatis, 2. iihus radlcans, 186. Tecoma, 661. I'itis, 136. Ev. — Bign6uza, 660. iiedera, 497. Srallax, 1093. By twining stems. Dfc;d. — /Iristolijchia, 701. Berchimm, 169. Celastrus, 1.54. Lonlcera, 526, jl/enispermum, 39. Periploca, 658. Wistarza, 248. Eu Lonicera, 526, By elongated slender stems. Decid. — Jasminum officinMe, 654. Xycium europ.-E'uin, 665. iiusa, numerous sorts, 321. iJiibus, 311. Solanum Dulcamara, 663. Ev. — ii5sa, several sorts, 321. Trailers ; the br.anches prostrate, but not generally rooting. Decid. — ^rctostaphylos alpina, 577. Decumaria barbara, 466. R'lbes pro- stratum, 468. iJiibus, 311, Ev /irctost.Hphylos U'va ursi, .577. Azalea prociinibens, 601, Cotonefester microphylla, 405. Gaultherw, 519. jiinli)erus Sabinaprostrata, 1080. ?'inca, 657. Creepers ; the branches prostrate and rooting. Dccid. — ii'hus, 1 86. ifiibus, 31 1. Ev. — Epigie'a repens, 580. MahiJnia repens, 50. Oxycoccus, 615. efk:te-cid. — Psibnia, 18. Potentilla, 319. ifubus, 31 1 . Spira.>"a, 299. Fragrant leaves. J)ect(l—Jrtem'isia,5i9. Hypericum, 74. Jnniperus, lOSO. 3/yr5ca, 934. .Rhus aromatica, 18G. R/i^i nigra, 408. A'osa rubiginbsa. 321. ifosnia- rmus. (172. i'ainbticus, 513. Santolina, 648. Solanum, 663. Ev juniperus, 1080. Xaurus, 681. Selected unth reference to Iheir Flowers. Produced in early spring. Red, blue, or purple. Decid. — //mvgdalus nana, 261. Cydbnia japonica, 4.')0. Daphne Mexsreum, 686. .Rhododendron dauricuni, .583. Rihes sangnineum, 4(18. Ev. — Gypsocallis, 557 iihododendron diiuricum atrovirens, 583. Yellow or orange. Decid. — Carngdria,i37. Chimonanthus, 454. C6rnus mas, 501. Ker;-!a japomca, 298. Ribes aiireum, G68. Ev. — Daphne Mahbnm, 50. Z7'lex europae'a, 199. White or whitish. Dfrirf. — Cotoneaster, 405. Magnbha conspicua, 21. Ilibes cereum, ibH. bCa- phylea, 147. Variegated. Dfc/rf. — Andromeda polif&lia, 560. Daphne Mexereum, 686. Fiebuia Muuian, 18. Jlibes, 468. Produced late in spring, or the beginning of summer. Red, blue, or purple. 2)fc/rf. — Am6rpha, 230. C'lstus, -54. Cvtisus, 21.3. Halimodcndron, 242. Ho''- 5nthemum,58. On6nis,229. iihododi5ridron,583. Ribes,A6ii. 7i;6sa,32I. Spiras'a, 299. Sijringa. 635. £;j. _ Krlca, 555. Kalmja, 598. iJhodod^ndron, 583. iJbsa, 321. Yellow or orange. Deed. — Berberis, 42. Biiddlea, 670. Calophaca, 243. Cnragitnd, 237. Cistus, 54. Cytisus, 213. Dirci, 692. Genista, 203. Helianthemum, .58. Hj-pericuin, 74. Jasminum, 6.54. Piptanthus, 198. Rhododendron, 583. Ribes,'if&. Rbia, 321. Spartium, 202. E!)._ Hypericum, 74. Mahbn/a, 50. ifhododendron, .5.83. White or whitish. Dcc/rf — Andromedrt, .560. Bfirvflr, 713. Cornus. 501 . Cntonefister, 405. Deut7./«, 465. Jasminum, 6.M. Z-igii'strum, 628. Philadelphus, 460. Photinia. 4(3. Ribcs. 468. Rbsa, 321. Sambucus, 513. Spirie'a, 299. Si/rhiga, 635. Fibur- num, 516. Ew. — Cassandra, 562. Garrya, 926. Leuc6thoe, 568. Lybni'n, 564. Phillvrea, 631. Variegated. Dftvrf.— .-Itraphaxis, 679. Cistus, 54. t'olttea, 244. Coronilla, 247. Ononis, 229. Rhododendron, .583. £!'. — Azalea, «01. Daphne, 686. £rica, 5.55. Gypsocallis, 557. KalmiVi, 598. Produced in autumn. Rtd, blue, or purple. Dead Ceanothus, 180. Daphne Mexereum autumnale, 68G. Hibiscus, 62. iJ6sa, 321. Ev. — £rica, 555. Yellow or orange. Decid. — Chimoninthus, 4.54. Hamamelis, 499. Hypericum, 74. PaliClrus, 168. Rasa, 321. Spdrtium, 202. £y. — 1/ "lex nana. Wliite or whitish. Decid. — Hibiscus, 62. Rbsa, 321. i'ambiicus canadensis, 513. SolKnuir. Dutca- mara allia, 663. .Spiras'a, 2<)9. Eti. — .4'ibutus, 573. Garrya, 926. Kiburnum 7'lnus, 516. Iwcta, liOl. Variegated. ' Dfc/rf. — Am6rpha, 230. Aristoteha, 182 7/ibiscus, 62. Leycesterw, 543. Rbsa, 321. Ev. — ^'rbutus, 573. Gypsocallis, ,557. Fragrant flowers. Decid. — Calycanthus, 452. C'erasus Mnhaleb, 276. Chimonanthus, 4.54. Clematis Flammula, 2. Cytisus /.ahftrnum fragrans, 213. Daphne iVi'jcVt'MJ'i, 6S6. Hy- pericum, 74. Jasminum, 6.04. Lonicerrt, 526. Philadelphus, 460. /(f)sa, 321. Sambiicus, 513. Kyrhiga, 635. Z'itis, 136. Ev. — Jasminum officinale, 6.54. ijbsa sempervlrens, 321. Rosmarinus, 672. Selected with reference to their Fruit or Seed. Large and showy. Dcarf. — Cvdbnia, 450. RiJei Grossularia, 468. i?6sa, 321. Ribus, 311. F.v. — /J'rliutus, .573. Small, hut conspicuous from colour and quantity. Decid.— Bh-beris, 42. C6rnus, 501. Cotoneaster, 405. Crata;"gus, 352. Daphne, 6i<6. /:u6nymus, 149. 7/ipp6phac. (.98. iiyustrum, 628 Lonicern, 526. /.ycium, 665. A/yrlca, 934. Periploca, 658. /Jhus, 186. R}bes,46S. Sambucus. 513. .^llepherd^VJ, 700. Solaiium, 663. Svmphoricarpus, 641. Faccinium, 604. riburnum, 516. /'itis, 136. Eti._Cotone&ster, 405. Crataegus, 352. GaultheWa, 579. Heder.".. 497. /'lex, 166. ./uniperus, 1080. Mahbnja, 60. Ruscus, 1099. /'accinium, 604. Viburnum, 616. Singular in form or character. Drcid. — Biuldlcn, 670. ral6phaca, 243. Calycanthus, 4.52. Cephalinthus. .544. CeU monai'thus, 451. Coliitca. 244 £u6nynuis, 149. MagnbUn, il. Paliuius, 16«. i-hysiSnthus, ('.59. Stnnhyloa, 147. Ev.— MignbUd yrandirtbra, 21. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA DESCRIBED, ACCORDING TO THEIR LEAVES. Leaves simple. Alternate, stipulate, {k) - -Pagelxviii. Alternate, exstipulate, (b) ... Ixix. Alternate, stipvlatc, or cxstipulate - - Ixx. Opposite, stipulate, (c) ... Ixx. Opposite, exstipulaie, (d) ... Ixx. Opposite or alternate, stipulate - Page Ixxi. Opposite or alternate, exslipulate - - Ixxi. Opposite or alternate, stipulate or exslipulate Leaves compound. - Ixxi. Alternate, stipulate, (e) Alternate, exslipulate, it) Opposite, stipulate, (G) - Ixxi. I Opposite, exslipulate, (h) - - Ixxu. - Ixxi. Alternate or opposite, stipulate • Ixxii. . Ixxii. I Leaves simple or compound. — Alternate, stipulate Ixxii. LEAVES SIMPLE Alternate, stipulate. Deciduous, Entire along tlie margins. Tiirce-lobed, fiddle-shaped ... Linear, caducous, spiny ... Heart-shaped, reddish .... Coriaceous, roundish, rough . . - Coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, smooth Ovate or cuneate .... Lanceolate - - - . . Serrated. Cordate (one variety laciniate) . . - Lohed or laciniated .... Oval-lanceolate .... Ovate or cordate, 3-nerved, with spines in the axils d 2 Libiode'ndron Page 36 17 'LEX. - 199 Ce'rcis - 256 Calvca'nthus - 452 Chimona'nthus - 454 //amame'lu . . 499 Stilli'ng//! . 702 Tl'LIA . . 63 rrxis . . 136 Celastrus . 1.54 Pali oH us . 16t- LXVlll ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA Lanceolate, condupllcate when young Ovate, convolute when young . - - Ovate, coniluplicate . - - - Roundish, downy when young - - - Lanceolate, often nearly entire - - - Oblong, usually unequal at the base, harsh to the touch Oblong, unequal at the base, rough above Lanceolate or ovate - - - - Lobed, with glands in the serratures Deeply cut or lobed, fan-nerved Entire or serrated. Ovate, tomentose beneath . . - Ovate, the disk oblate, and the petiole compressed . Ovate, glabrous, aromatic in odour Ovate, sometimes cut - - - - Oblong-lanceolate . . . - Ovate, rough above - - - - Roundish, rough - . - - Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Ovate, variously lobed - . . Denticulate, 3-nerved . - - Lobed, angular, or toothed . - - Lobed, or deeply cut - - - - Ovate or obovate, with soft starry down - Palmate and subtrilobate . . . Palmate, sinuated . . - - Entire, serrate or dentate, or otherwise cut at the edges. Rough on the upper surface - - - Evergreen. Entire. Full of pellucid dots - . . . Serrated. Wedge-shaped, pinnatifid - . . Lanceolate, glaucous beneath - . - Entire or serrated. Shining - - . - Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Large, aromatic when bruised - Linear, small, semi-cylindrical Oval or ovate - - Serrated. Conduplicate when young Lobed or sinuated, sometimes lanceolate Besprinkled with resinous dots Entire or serrated. Ovate or lanceolate - - - Ovate or elliptic . . - AUernatc, exstiputatc. Deciduous. Entire. Oblong, articulated with the stem Peltate or cordate ... Cordate, ovate, or lobed Ovate, serrated at the apex Lanceolate, soon dropping off - Deeply cut and divided, apparently compound Membranous, heath-like Oblong, coriaceous, shining Cordate, ovate, or lanceolate Fascicled, lanceolate Fascicled, coriaceous, glaucescent Linear-lanceolate, hoary Minuie, caducous, evergreen bark Lanceolate, coriaceous, pale green Oblong or lanceolate - - . Lanceolate, beset with scales or stars of hairs Linear-lanceolate, scaly and silvery Cordate, downy beneath Ovate, shining ... Linear, in alternate fascicles Linear, 2-ranked, flat ... Serrated. Ovate, acuminated - - . Ovate, acute ... Oval, mucronate ... Obovate, cuneated, serrated at the tips Obovate or oval, glabrous on both surfaces Cordate or lobed, and rough Lobed variously, sometimes entire, hairy Entire or serrated. Oblong-lanceolate, or linear Ovate, obovate, or oval-lanceolate Ovate-acuminate ... <■ /J.my'gdalcs . \ Pe'rsica f /4RMENI ACA - I Pru'nus Ke'rhm Amela'nchier JV/e'spilus I 6"LMi;s Ce'ltis A'a'lix - LlQUIDA'MBAR Sahsbu'r/^ - Cydo^nia Po'PULUS J?e't(ila Fa'gus Casta'nea r (.;a'rpinus I O'STYRA Co'RYLUS HlBl'SCUS - - Zl'ZYPHlIS Trat.e'gus Biases - Fotheiigi'li-4 i-Tcus - Pla'tanus ^'LNUS - . Illi'cium - Cowa'n/^ - STRANViB^S/X - Photi'nia Magno" lia Chenopodium Ce'rasus ^ce'rcus M\ntcx /iha'mnus Ceano'thus Asi'mina Menispe'rmum Co'ccrLus Nemopa'nthes 5PA'KTItai * Av.Tt.>n'siA Menzie's/.4 ■OlOSPY ROS Syri'nga Ly'cium Crabo'wskj^ - DibTis Calli'gonum Di'rca Ny'ss.-i - £l/ea'gniis //iPPO'PHAE .■/ristolo'chia MacLU~Rj1 Xa^kix Ta.xo'dium Malacho.oe'ndhon Stua'rt/.^ Bf.rche'mm - LoHve^ Cle'thra Jl/O RUS BROUSSONE'T/yl ^a'ccharis Sty' RAX Hale' hi a . 261 . 265 - 267 - 270 - 298 - 411 - 414 - 715' - 727 - 744 - 932 - 944 - 450 - 819 - 837 - 905 . 911 - 916 - 919 - 921 - 02 - 167 . 352 - 468 - 500 - 712 - 927 - 832 20 321 403 403 621 675 276 846 934 170 180 38 39 40 1.54 202 549 609 625 635 665 669 677 680 692 693 696 698 701 711 1053 - 10' 7 71 72 169 352 .581 705 710 546 618 620 ACCORDING TO THEIR LEAVES. ixi> Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Lanceolate, acute . . - - Oval, mucronate . . - - Pinnatifidly dentate, downy, with resinous particles Evergreen. Entire. Lobed or peltate, coriaceous, shiny Linear, chafly, small, whorled - - - Acerose, ivhorled, glabrous . - - Acerose, trigonal, imbricate in 4 rows Linear-lanceolate, mucronulate Acerose, very small, imbricate - . - Acerose, on short petioles - - . Oval, coriaceous . . . . Linear, spreading, heath-like . - . Acerose, elliptic, flat, downy beneath Cordate-ovate - - - . Verticillately ternate, buds naked Oval, convex, glabrous, small - - - Linear or ovate, margins revolute, coriaceous, tomentose beneath Narrow or linear, crowded Linear, sheathed, needle-like . - - Linear, scattered, needle-like Linear, 2-ro\ved, needle-like . - . Linear, in alternate fascicles . . - Acerose, imbricate . . - . Linear, tongue-shaped, obtuse . - - Ijnear, needle-shaped, spreading Alike green on both surfaces, usually floriferous - Ensiform, pointed, alike on both surfaces Serrated. Linear, small, crowded, spreading Roundish-oval, small . - . - Entire or serrated. Terminating in a tendril, cordate, oblong Oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining Linear, solitary, more or less 2-ranked - Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Ovate-oval, coriaceous, often prickly Oblong or ovate, small, odour of turpentine Linear, hoary or silky beneath - . - Linear, small, rowed, tomentose Pinnatifid, tomentose, white and mealy beneath Spinulose, coriaceous . - - - Ovate, small, approximate, stiff, shining . Ovate, subcordate, ciliate, coriaceous, glabrous, or shining Deciduous evergreen. Entire. Linear, stem-clasping, small - - - Linear, broader at the base, sessile, small Oblong, coriaceous, sessile, glaucous Obovate or oval, coriaceous, crowded, glabrous Terminated by a sphacelate (withered) apex, yellow gland Ovate or elliptic, smooth, small, with margins Lanceolate, bluntish . - . Broad, lanceolate, glabrous Lanceolate, smooth on both sides Ovate-cordate or hastate Spathulate, with a frosty hue Oblong-pointed, sometimes lobed Llnear.lanceolate, small Serrated Oblong, coriaceous, smooth, downy beneatli Entire or serrated. Oval or lanceolate Obovate or oblong, full of resinous glands, smooth Obovate, coriaceous, shining Membranous, often beset with resinous dots Reticulated, alike on both sides Evergreen or subevergreen. Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Coriaceous, in tufts at the axils Obovate, glaucous ... Stipulate or exstipulaie. Deciduous. Dentate. At the apex obcuneate Ovate, unequal at the base, rough, dark green Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire- Generally woolly beneath °'l revolute ) /'TEA - Zeno'bm COMPTO' tilA - He'dera .BRrCA - Gypsoca'llis - Callu'na Andro'med^ - Cassi'opjs Cassa'ndr^ - PrERIS Fhyllo'doc£ DabceY/^ EpiGJi'A Ka'lM/.4 Leiophy'llum ! Xe'dum Phlo'mis I SosMARrNUS - I Lava'ndula - . .'>a'lvia Pl^NUS - ,i"BIES - Pl'CEA . Ce'drus Arauca'ria jE'MPETRL'M - " Cerati'ola [ Core'ma iJll'SCl'S YV'CCA Brya'nthus - Phaleroca'rpus jVIuti's/^ ./I'RBUTUS Cunningha'm/^ /'lex - DUVAU'^ ST^HELrN^ - SANTOLfNA Sene'cio Leuco'thob . Perne'tty^ - • Gaulthe'r/^ - Ta'marix Myrica'ria - .Bupleu'rum - Lyo'n/^ ifHODODE'NDRON oxyco'cciis - Arga-nia i?UJIE"LIA Fontane's/.4 - Sola'num Tragopy'rhm iAU'RUS - Osy'ris . Gordo'n^^ . PriVos Escallo'nm - .^rctosta'phvlos Facci'nium 6'Ml^LAX Be'r beris /'e'lla 449 563 936 - 497 - 555 - 557 - 559 - 560 - 561 - 562 - 570 - 570 - 57-2 - 580 - 598 - 602 - 602 - 672 - 672 - 672 - 673 . 950 - 1025 - 1036 . 1057 - 1062 - 1091 - 1092 - 1092 - 1099 - 1101 - 571 - 581 . 551 - 573 - 1065 - 1.56 - 192 - 546 - .548 - 550 - 568 - 578 - 579 . 4.58 - 459 - 495 - 564 - 583 - 615 - 622 - 623 - 638 - 663 - 678 - 681 - 695 - 73 . 163 - 490 - 577 . 604 - 1003 Pu'rshm Pla'neil4 COTOKEA'STEB 42 53 997 V25 405 Ixx ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA Opposite, stipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Minute, caducous, bark evergreen Oval-elliptic ... Whorled, oval ... Digitate, 7-5-lobed Serrate. Ovate-acuminate . . - Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire, connate - - - . Serrate or dentate, petiolate, and sliining Serrate or entire, petiolate, sliining Oppoiile, exstipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Ovate-laiiCeolate, Sribbed Lanceolate, glabrous, large Ovate or lanceolate, shining Cordate, large ... Lanceolate, reticulately veined Cordate, undivided or 3-lobed, large Lanceolate or ovate, beset with silvery scales Lanceolate, with very short petioles Serrate. Ovate or cordate, sometimes lobed Lanceolate, rough, with dots Serrated or entire Oval-acuminate, scabrous Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Variously lobed (one variety deeply lacinaite) Dentate or entire. Glabrous, entire, or toothed at the apex . Entire. Ovate-lanceolate, evergreen, pale green with yellow spots . . . . . Elliptic, glabrous, small L:mceolate, shining ... Ovate, ciliate, shining - . - Roundish, coriaceous, smooth, shining Serrate Oblong, with revolute edges, small Serrate or entire. Wavy, leathery, dark green, shining Deciduous evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Undivided, sessile, or sub-sessile, dotted - Lanceolate, downy ... Ovate-lanceolate, membranous, glaucous Lanceolate, glabrous . - - Linear and scale-like, caducous, bark evergreen Serrate. Ovate-lanceolate, sometimes linear, mostly deci duous . - . - . Dentate or entire. Petioles embracing the stems Opposite or alternate, stipulate. Evergreen. Entire. Rhomb-shaped, bearing a mealy powder Opposite or alternate, exstipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Lanceolate, sometimes whorled - Oblong, small-fascicled Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Smooth, oval-lanceolate . - Rigid, pale green on both sides - Glabrous, shining, sometimes small Linear, more or less 2-rowed Scale-like, closely imbricated, compressed Scales situated under the joints of the branches Linear, adpressedly imbricate - Scale-shaped, minute, sometimes linear - Opposite or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate. Subevergreen. Entire. 3-nerved or feather-nerved, hoary or pilose LEAVES COMPOUND. Alternate, stipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Biternate or bipinnate, strong-smelled Pinnate, 3 — .5-foliolate . . . . Xrifoliolate, pilose, or pubescent - Colle't/>4 . , 178 - Symphorica'rpds • .Ml - Cephala'nthcs _ S44 - Ti'tex - - 673 - DlEBVl'LL^ - - 525 - LONI'CER^ . . 526 - Aristote^lm . , 182 - TlBU'RNUM - " 516 • CorlOria - 146 - Chiona'nthus . 634 - Peri'ploca . . 652 - Cata'lpa . . 670 - Bu'ddle . . 660 - Vmlo'whia . . 671 - SHEPHE'lin/.-l . . 700 - Bo'ry/1 . - - 713 - Hydra'ngea _ . 492 - I'rA - - 648 ("Philade'lphus . 460 "IDev^tzia - - 465 . .^"CER . . 79 _ f Declma'ria - - 466 [^AU'CUBA . 511 - Azalea . . 601 - Philly'rea . . 631 - Ti'nca - . 657 • .Bu'xus - - 703 - Mygi'nd^ - - 156 - Ga'RRY/J - - ■ 926 _ C //vpe'ricum 74 '(_ //ndros^'mum . 77 - Bentha'm/zJ . - 507 . LEYCESTER7.4 . 543 . ilGU'-STRl'M - . 628 . £'PHEDBA - - 937 ■ f £tI0'NYMUS - - 149 - Cl'STUS - - - 54 • .^'TRTPLEX - - 676 - Pl'nica - 456 . NlTRA~RIA - - 467 - Co'rni's - 501 - /'I'SCL'M - . . 508 - TJa'phne . . . 686 r 7'A'XTJS - 'I Tokre"Y/1 . . 939 . . 943 - THirjA - . - 1008 . Ca'llitris .. . 1072 . CrpRE'ssus . . 1073 - JUNI'PEKIIS " ■• 1080 . Helia'nthemum 58 Pxo'tilA . 18 Pte'lea - 143 Adenoca'rpus . 227 ACCORDING TO THEIR LEAVES. uxxt Impari-pinnate - - Impari. pinnate, beset with glands Abruptly pinnate, leaflets mucronate Abruptly pinnate, leaflets 2 pairs Impari-pinnate, leaflets orbicular Impari-pinnate, stipules small . - - Pinnate, petioles permanent . . . Abruptly pinnate, and bipinnate, or simple Bipinnate, 4 — 7 pinna; - - Serrate. Pinnate, 3— IS-t'oliolate . . . Impari-pinnate, doubly and trebly serrate, very large Dentate, nt)tched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Impari-pinnate, with ovate leaflets Dentate or serrate. Tritbliolate, stipules connate - . - Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Trifoliolate, leaflets elliptical-oblong Tritbliolate, often pubescent - - . Impari-pinnate, glabrous - . . Serrate. Irapai-i-pinnate, stipules attached to the petiole Dentate or serrate. Digitate, pinnate or lobed, rough Alternate, exstipidale. Deciduous. Entire. Impari-pinnate, with 11 — 1.3 leaflets Impari-pinnate, with 9 — 11 leaflets Irapari-pimiate, leaflets petiolate Impari-pinnate, leaflets oval, pointed . Serrate. Trifoliolate or bipinnate, leaflets ovate - Impari-pinnate, 5 — 19 leaflets - .- - Im|jari-pinnate, 5 — 15 leaflets - - . Impari-pinnate, 17 leaflets, sessile Dentate, notched, or otiierwise cut at the edges. Ptil mat?, pinnate, or bipinnate Impari-pinnate, teeth glaudulous on the under side Evergreen. Dentate or serrate. Pinnate, coriaceous, dark green Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Impari-pinnate, reddish green - Conjugate, trifoliate, tendriled Opposite, stipulate. Deciduous Serrate. Pinnate, with compound and partial stipules Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Pinnate, the pinnae often bi-glandular at the base Dentate or serrate. I'innately divided, leaflets irregular Opposite, exstipulate. Deciduous. Serrate. Biternate, leaflets oblong lanceolate Impari-pinnate, leaflets nearly sessile, buds black? ( One variety has simple leaves, p. 642.) j Impari-pinnate, buds ash-coloured Impari-pinnate, leaflets 7 — 9, petioles marglnate - Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Impari-pinnate, 3 — 5 leaflets ... Palmate, leaflets rough ... ^ Palmate, leaflets smooth ... Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Pinnate, in decussating pairs ... Alternate or opposite, stipulate. Subevergreen. Entire. Pinnately cut. hairy . . - LEAVES SIMPLE OR COMPOUND. Alternate, stipulate. Deciduous. Serrate or entire. Simple, or unequally pinnate - . . Simple, but sometimes pinnately divided Dentate or serrate. Usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Lanceolate, linear, or trifoliolate Trifoliolate or pinnate Amo'rpha . 23C Evsenha'rdt/^ . 2.-!i CARAG.-CN.i - . 2y H.^LIMODE'NDRON . 2 C,4L0'PHAC.\ - . 24.. CoLtl'TEA . 246 ^STRA'GALUS - _ 216 Gledi'tsch/.^ - . 249 Gyjjno'cladus - 25-5 Xantho'xylum PAra'lia . . 142 - 496 Kolueute'bi^ - 134 Ono'nis - - 221 Pipta'nthds . 198 Cy'tisus . _ 213 CORONI'LLA - 247 Eo'&\ . - 321 Ru'bvs . - 311 So'PBORA 19.5 VlKGl'LIA . 197 ROBI'NIA _ 233 Wista'k/^ - 248 Ci'ssiis . 141 Ju'glans . 732 Ca'rya - 73.') Pteroca'rya - 743 Ampelo'psis - . 139 AlLA'NTUi, . 14.5 Maho'n//! . Py'rus - Spib.sV G '.Nl'ST-i ■/iswi'num 50 PistaVia BlGNON/^ "" ■ 184 GUU Staphyik'a . . 147 Sambu'ccs - - !?l3 Xanthorhi'za - 19 ^tra'gene . 16 i^UA'.XINUS . . 639 O'liNUS Tecoma . - 6oi 66i Negv'siio ^'SCULUS Pa'VI/J ■ - 122 124 128 Cle'matis - - 2 POTENTI'LIA 319 186 417 . 299 203 654 EXPLANATION OF SIGNS, &c. Under the titles of the orders are given signs, intended to show at a glance the general habit erf the trees or shrubs described in each order. These signs represent large, small, and middle-sized plants, and are as follows ; the first sign in each row indicating a deciduous tree or shrub, the next an evergreen, and so on alternately: — 1. Round-headed trees ; such as the oak, ash, elm, beech, chestnut, &c. De- ciduous and evergreen. 2. & 3. Spiry-topped or conical trees ; such as the spruce fir, silver fir, larch, pine, deciduous cypress, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. Q00SH5 .M jshS_ it rrr 4. Fastigiate trees ; such as the Lombardy poplar, evergreen cypress, pyramidal oak, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 5 Drooping trees ; such as the weeping willow, weeping elm, &c. 6. Shrubs of the largest size, and also middle-sized shrubs. Deciduous and • evergreen, but exclusive of tw. iiers, climbers, trailers, &c. 7. Under-shrubs, or shrubs of the smallest size. Deciduous and evergreen, but ex- clusive of twiners, trailers, &c. 8. Twining shrubs ; such as the honey- suckle, aristolochia, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 9. Climbing shrubs ; such as the clematis, ampelopsis, vine, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 10. Trailing shrubs, the branches of which lie prostrate on the ground, but do not root into it ; such as many species of willow, Cytisus, &c. t 11. Creeping shrubs, or such as send up shoots from their creeping roots; as many species of Spirae'a, &c. The signs put before each individual species and variety are the same as those used in the Gardener's Magazine, and in the Hortvs Brtlantiicus, viz. 3f Deciduous tree. ^ Evergreen tree. at Deciduous shrub. * Evergreen shrub. jK* Deciduous under-shrub. -* Deciduous trailer. !U Evergreen trailer. jf Deciduous creeper. <^ Evergreen creeper. tt- Evergreen under-shrub. _$ Deciduous twiner. J_ Evergreen twiner. _^ Deciduous climber. fl_ Evergreen climber. Accentuations and Indications. All the botanic names throughout the Work are accented, and have their origin Indicated, as in the Hortiis Britannic.iis and the Gardener's Magazine. The vowels which are sounded short are marked with an acute accent, thus (')■ as A'ccras ; and those which are sounded long are marked with a grave accent, thus C)< as A^brus. The origin of each name is indicated thus : if the name has been applied to a plant by the ancients, the first letter is in Italic, as Pinus ; if it is comme. morative of some individual, the letters additional to the name are in Italic, as Biinksjn, Lain- bertiilna, Douglas;';; and if an aboriginal name has been adopted, or if the name is of uncertain derivation, the whole word is in Italic, as, Aildnius, Caragdna, &c. Where the name would otherwise be in Italic, as in the case of synonymes, headings to paragraphs, &c., these distinctions are, oi course, reversed, as Viniis, Banks\a., Ailantus. All the other scientific names, generic or specific, are composed from the Greek or Latin, except a very few which are taken from places : as Araucaria, from the country of the Araucanians ; Quercus gramiintia, from the estate of Grammont, &c. The engraved Figures Are all to the same scale of 2 in. to 1 ft., or one sixth of the natural size ; with the exception of details, which, when given, are generally of the natural size, and indicated by a cross, thus, +. ABRIDGED ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Trees and shrubs, in common with all other flowering plants, are arranged by botanists in two grand divisions ; viz. the Exogenous, or Dicotyledonous, Plants, the stems of which increase from without, and the leaves of which have reticulated veins ; and the Endogenous, or Monocotyledonoiis, Plants, the stems of which increase from within, and the leaves of which have parallel veins. The first class includes all the hardy trees and shrubs in Britain, with the exception of shrubs of the genera Viicca, SmWax, 72uscus, and one or two others, which belong to the second class. We shall arrange the genera and species under the same subdivisions, subclasses, sections, orders, and tribes, as we have adopted from DeCandoUe in our Hortus Britannicus. Class I. EXO'GEN^. Stems ina-easmgfrovi without ; Leaves ivitJi reticulated Veins. Subdivision I. DICHLAMY'DE^. Calyx and Corolla distinct, by wliick they are distinguished from Subdivision II., in which the flowers have only a calyx. It is in consequence of this high developement of the floral envelopes, that the greater part of handsome-flowering trees and shrubs are found in Dichla- mydese, it rarely happening that those with a single floral envelope have any brilliant colouring. Subclass 1. THALAMIFLO^RiE. Flowers with Petals and Stamens inserted in the Receptacle This subclass contains all the Polyandrous plants of Linnaeus ; as the sub- class Calyciflorae, in which the stamens are seated on the calyx, contains all the plants of the Linnaan class Icosandria. Section I. Carpella, that is, the component Parts of compound Capsules or Fruits, numerous; or the Stamens placed opposite the Petals. Order I. i2ANUNCULA^CE^. The Diagnostic, or Distinctive, Character, or, as we shall term it, the Ordinal Character, of this order, is thus given by Dr. Lindley : — *'■ Polypetalous, ' ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. with hypogynous stainens [that is, stamens under the pistil] ; anthers bursting by longitudinal slits ; several distinct simple carpella [fruits] ; exstipulate leaves, sheathing at their base ; solid albumen ; and seeds without arillus." (Nat. Si/st., p. 6.) — Climbing shrubs scarcely woody, and low suiFruticose bushes. Natives oF Europe, Asia, and North America. Leaves generally alternate, but sometimes opposite, generally exstipulate; deciduous, or evergreen ; much divided, especially in Clematis, in which the leaves are not articulate with the stem. The petioles often serve as tendrils ; and are dilated at the base, forming a sheath half-clasping the stem. Hairs if any, simple. Inflorescence small in Xanthorhiza, and some species of Clematis, and large in Pxonia. Seeds small and pointed, except in Pseonia. — The species in British gardens are included in two tribes, Clematideas and Pxonidcece, which contain the genera Clematis, ^tragene, Padonic^ and Xanthorhiza. Tribe I. Clemati'de^. T7-ibal Character. CUmbers, characterised by having the sestivation of the calyx valvate or induplicate ; with no petals, or with the petals flat ; the anther opening outwards ; the carpels, or seed-vessels, not opening, one- seeded, terminated by a tail, which is the indurated style. Seed pendulous. Leaves opposite. Deciduous and evergreen climbers. — The genera are two. Clematis and Jtragene, which are thus contradistinguished : — Cle'matis L. Petals none. y^TRA'cENE L. Petals several. Genus 1. H 6T.E'MATIS L. The Clematis, or Virgin's Bower. dndria Polygynia. Lin. Si/st. Poly- Identification. The word Klematis was, as well as Atragene, used by Theophrastus, to designate the Clematis Vitalba of Linnaeus. Clematis was used by Matthiolus, and also by Clusius, who applied it to C. Viticella L. and C. cirrhbsa L. Synonymes. Ladies' Bower Gerard ; Clematite, Fr. ; Waldrebe, Ge-f. ; Clematide, Ital. Derivation. The word Clematis, or Klematis, is derived from the Greek word klema, a small branch of a vine ; and it is applied to this genus, because most of the plants composing it climb like a vine. The English name of Ladies' Bower was probably adopted from its suitableness for covering bowers ; and, as the first kind of clematis brought to England ( C. Vitici?lla) was intro- duced in 15fi9, during the reign of Elizabeth, the name of Virgin's Bower might be intended to convey a compliment to that sovereign, who, as it is well known, liked to be called the Virgin Queen. Waldrebe is compounded of wald, a wood, and rebe, the branch of a vine. Genetic Character. Involucre none, or situated under the flower, in the form of a calyx. Calyx of from four to eight coloured sepals. Petals none. Car- pels numerous, aggregate, terminated by a long, and mostly feathery, tail. — Climbing shrubs, with variously cut opposite leaves. The recent herb of all the species is acrid, and, when applied to the skin, it occasions blisters. (Don's Mill.) The seed is pendulous, and the carpels are one seedetl ; each is terminated by a persistent style, and does not open until ruptured by the germination of the seed. Leaves compound, opposite in decussating pairs, without stipules, deci- duous or evergreen ; the petiole possessed of a clasping power for attaching the plant to contiguous bushes, or similar objects ; in all the species, more or less persistent after they are decayed. Floivers in axillary ramose panicles; small and white in some, and in others larger and highly colom-ed. Seed I. banuncula^cejE : cle'matis. 3 small, seldom seen divested of its envelope, as that never bursts till after it is committed to the soil. — The species are included in four sections ; viz. Flammula, Viticella, Cheiropsis, and ^nemoniflora. Root strong ; the fibres rather straight, and not very much branched ; ex- tended in the soil rather horizontally than perjjendicularly. Stem hgneous, not rigid enough to stand erect. Branches the same, and slender. Well adapted for covering bowers, or for ornamenting verandas or trelliswork. The greater number of the species ripen their seeds in England, and are easily propagated by them, or by layers. The seeds retain their vitality for several years ; they are of slow vegetation, and ought to be sown as soon as gathered, in which case they will generally come up the following spring; though, some- times, not till the second spring. All the species require support by props of some kind ; and all, with one or two exceptions, grow freely in any soil that is tolerably dry, but more especially in one that is calcareous. From the acridity of these plants, they are not very liable to be attacked by insects ; nevertheless, snails and slugs are occasionally found eating their young herbage. § i. Flammula Dec. Sectional Character. Involucre wanting. Tail of the carpels long, bearded and feathery. Cotyledons distinct (that is, slightly separated) in the seed. (Don^s Mill., i. p. 3.) Deciduous. -i 1. Cle'matis Flammula Z,. The inflammatory.^'wicerf Clematis, or sweet-scented Virgin's Bower. Identification. Lin. Sp., 766.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 2. Don's Mill., 1. p. 4. Synonymes. C. ilrens Gerard ; C»maritima j4U. Fed. ; C. suaveolens Salisb. Prod. ; C. paniculata T/iun. ; Clematite odorante, Fr. ; scharfe Waldrebe, Ger. Deriuation. i'rom flaynmare, to inflame; on account of the blistering qualities of tbe species. Engravings. Park. Tiieat., p. 381. f. 3. ; and onr.fig. 1. Specific Character and abridged Description. Leaves pinnate, smooth : with orbicular, oval, oblong, or linear, entire or three- lobed, acutish leaflets. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. South of Europe ; in hedges and waste bushy places, not far from the sea, and in soils more or less calcareous. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; July to October. Fruit white ; lipe in October. Leaves deep green, often remaining on the plants till mid-winter, and dying off black. Varieties and their Synonymes. The most distinct is C. F. niaritima ; the rest are of little importance. -t Q,. F.2 rotundifolia Dec. C.fragrans Tenore. — Leaflets almost orbicu- lar. t C. JP. 3 maritima Dec. — Leaflets linear. 1 C. -F. 4 rubella Dec. — Leaflets oval, usually emarginate. Sepals four, reddish on the outside. B 2 I. Clematis Fl&mmula. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. -i C. F. 5 ccBspitdsa Dec. C. caespitosa Scop., C. Flammula Bertol. — Leaflets minute, entire or cut. -t C F. Q paniculdta. C. paniculata Thun. — T'lowers with the peduncles simple. A vigorous-growing plant, the stems of which rapidly attain the length of from 13 ft. to 30 ft. in a state of culture. The leaves are subject to much variation, from soil, situation, and climate. The peduncles of the flowers are sometimes simple, and sometimes branched. The colour of the sepals is white, slightly pubescent on their exterior margins. The whole plant has a dark green hue; and in autumn it is abundantly covered with flowers, the odour of which is of a honied sweetness, exceedingly disagreeable to some persons when near, though at a distance it is not unlike the fragrance of the common hawthorn. From the rapidity of its growth, it will in four or five years cover a very large space of wall, roof, or bower. Its herbage is con- sidered less acrid than that of any other of the European species, notwith- standing its name of Flammula. 1 2. C. ORiENTA^Lis i. The Oriental Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 765.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 4. Synonymes. Flammula scandens apii folio glauco, Dill. Elth. 144. ; C. fl&va Mcench. Metfi. 296. ; the Eastern, or yellow-flowered. Virgin's Bower ; C. gla(Jca Willd. ; C. ochroleOca Hort. ; Clematite orientale, Fr. ; Morgenlandische Waldrebe, Ger. Engravings. Dill. Elth., t. 119. f. 14.5. ; and OMvfig. 2. Spec.Char.,Sfc. Leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, with three toothed pointed lobes. {Don's Mill.) A decidu- ous climber. Levant and Cau- casus. Height 10 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers greenish yellow slightly tint- ed with russet, sweet-scented; July, August. Fruit white ; ripe in October. Leaves somewhat glaucous, dying ofl" black or dark-brown. Varieties. C. glauca Willd. and C. ochroleuca Hort. are, by some, alleged to be varieties of C. orientalis ; but we do not consider them sufficiently distinct for varieties, and have, therefore, included these names in our synonymes. The general magnitude of this species resembles that of C. Flammula, from which it differs in its ulterior branches being more persistently ligneous, though the main stem in old plants is seldom seen so thick as that of C. Flammula. It is also distinguished from the latter species by throwing up suckers freely, which the other does not. Its leaflets are glaucous, flat, large as compared with those of C. Flammida ; and it does not produce flowers so profusely as that species. The flowers are yel- t. Clematis orientMis. J I. iiANUNCULA^CEiE : CLE'mATIS. lovvish, and not so strongly scented ; and the carpels are dissimilar, though still cottony in appearance when the seed is ripe. 1 3. C. chine'nsis Retz. The Chinese Clematis. Identification. Retz. Obs., 2. p. 18. ; Dec. Syst., 1. p. 137.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 4. Synonyme. C. sinensis Lour. cock. 1. p. 422. Engraving. Oar fig. 3. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire. Pedun- cles few-flowered, longer than the leaves. Ovaries usually four, with almost naked tails. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. China, in the isjland called Danes. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers?. Leaves pur- plish green, retained till rendered black by frost. A plant in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden, grows vigor- ously against a wall, producing shoots as long and strong as those of C. Flammu- la; and retaining its leaves till they are blackened by frost. It has never flowered; but, in its leaves and its general appeai'- ance, it seems to re- semble C. orientalis, except that the leaves are of a dark pur- plish green, instead of being glaucous. -i 4. C. Vita'lba L. The White- Vine Clematis, or Traveller's Joy. Identification. Lin. Sp., 766. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 3. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 3. p. 39. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 4. Synonymes. Athragene Theoph. ; Titis sylvestris Dio$. ; C. latifblia seu .^tragsne Ray ; C. Altera Matth. ; C. tertia Com. ; Viorna Ger. and Lob. ; V\th nigra Ftich. ; Vitftlba Dod. ; tiie Old Man's Beard, Bindwitli, the common Virgin's Bower, the wild Climber, the gre.it wild Climber ; Cleraatite brulante, Clematite des Haies, I'Herbe aux Gueux, la Viorne des Pauvres, Fr. ; ge. meine Waldrebe, Ger. Derivatiim. Because of its " decking and adorning the ways and hedges where people travel," says Gerard, " I have named it the traveller's joy." The name of Old Man's Beard is very appropriate to the white and hairy appearance of the tails of the carpels ;andBindwith, from the shoots being used instead of those of willows for tying up plants. White Vine is supposed to allude to the white ap- pearance of the tails of the carpels in autumn. The French name of Clematite brulante has reference to the acrid properties of the plant ; and Clematite des Haies to its growing generally in hedges. The name of I'Herbe aux Gueux refers to the em- ployment of it by the beggars in France, who use it to makes ulcers in their arms and legs, for the purpose of exciting compassion, curing them- selves afterwards by the application of the leaves of the beet. La Viorue des Pauvres alludes to the same practice, Viorne being eridently derived from Vidrna. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., 4. t. 308. ; Eng. Bot., 612. ; and our J5gs.'4. & 5. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate B 3 3* Clematis chinensis. 4. Clematis Vitalba. 6 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. at the base, partly cut. Peduncles forked, shorter than the leaves. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber of vigorous growth. Europe and Britain, in hedges and copses, always indicating a calcareous soil. Height 13 ft. to 30 ft.; in rich soil, and in a sheltered situation, 50 ft. to 100 ft. Flowers white ; August, September. Fruit white ; ripe from October to February. Leaves long retained, and dying off' black or dark brown. so The stems are woody, more than those of any other species, an- gular, climbing to the height of 20 or 30 feetj or upwards, and hanging down from rocky cliffs, ruins, or the branches of trees; or being supported by, and forming tufts on, the upper surface of other shrubs or low trees, which they often so completely cover as to have the appearance of bushes at a distance. The footstalks of the leaves are twined about what- ever object they approach, and after- wards become hard and persistent, like the tendrils of a vine. The leaflets are either (juite entire, or unequally cut ; sometimes very coarsely so. The panicles are axillary and terminal, many- ffowered and downy. The flowers are of a greenish white colour, with little show; but they have a sweet almond-like scent. The seeds {Jig. 5.) have long, wavy, feathery, and silky tails, forming beautiful tufts, most conspicuous in wet weather. The French gardeners use the twigs instead of withs, for tying vip their plants ; and make very neat baskets of them when peeled, and also bee- hives. The twigs are in the best state for making these articles in winter; and their flexibility is increased by holding them to the fire before using them. In gardens and plantations the plant is valuable for the rapidity with which it may be made to cover naked walls, unsightly roofs of sheds, or low buildings and arbours ; and for a variety of similar purposes. Fruit of C Vitalba. J, 5. C. viKGiNiA^NA L. The Virginian Clematis. Jdentification. Linn. Amoen., p. 275. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 5. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 8. Synonymes. C. canadensis trifoFia ripens Tourn. ; C. canadensis Mill. Diet. No. 5., Salisb. Prod. 371.; C cordiiblia. Moench. Supp. lOi. ; C. triternkta. Hort. ; the broad-leaved Canada Virgin's Bower; Clematite de Virginie, i^>-.; VirginischeWaldrebe, Ger. Engravings. Den. Brit, (the male plant), t.74. ; and our Jig. G. Spec. Char., ^-c. Flowers panicled, dioecious. Leaves ternate; leaflets cordate, acute, grossly toothed, or lobed. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Canada to Florida, in hedges and near rivers. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1767. Flowers white ; August, September. Fruit white. Decaying foliage brown or black. Variety. i C.v. 2 bractedta Dec. C. hractehta Maenck. — Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, entire. The general appearance of this plant is like that of C. Vitalba; but it is less robust in all its parts, and less ligneous in its stems and branches ; and it is also somewhat more tender. Panic es 6. n^matis virginiina. trichotomously divided, with small leaves at the divisions. Sepals 4, white, obovate, exceeding the stamens. Flowers often dioecious or polygamous. {Tor. and Gray.) Miller states that it seldom ripens seeds in England ; but, as it is dioecious, it is possible that he possessed only the male plant. I. ilANUNCULA CE^ : CLE MATIS. 1 6. C. graVa Wall. The graXeivX-scented Clematis. Identification. Wall. Asiat., 1. t. 98. Synonymes. C. odorata Hori. ; C. tri- ternata /fort. ; C. nepalensis /fort. Engravings. Wall.Asiat., l.t. 98.; and OUT fig. 7. Spec. Char,, S^c. Flowers axil- lary, panicled ; leaves subbi- ternate, villous ; leaflets cor- date, acuminated, serrated, 3-lobedj sepals obtuse. {G. Don?) A deciduous climber. Nepal, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 18 ft. Introduced in 1831. Flowers white. Closely resembling C. vir- giniana, but rather more hoary; and equally hardy, though it has not yet flowered freely in the open air. A shoot intro- duced into the inside of a stove in the Chelsea Botanic Gar- den, from a plant on the out- side, flowered there in 1833. Frequent in nurseries as C. nepalensis. -^ 7. C. Vio'rna L. Clematis grata. The road-ornamenting Clematis, or leathery-flowered Virein's Boiver. '' irgm Identification. Lin. Sp.,765.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 7. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 8. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 9. Synonymes. C- purpurea rfepens Ray ; Fl&mmula scandens, flora violaceo clauso, Dill. Elth. ; American Traveller's Joy ; the Virginian Climber ; the purple Climber ; Clematite Viorne, Fr. ; Glockenbluthige Waldrebe, Ger. Derivation. From via, a way, and omare, to ornament. Leather-flowered Virgin's Bower refers to the remarkably thick texture of the sepals ; the German name signifies bell-flowered woodvine. Engravings. Dill.' Elth., 118. f. 144 ; and oar fig. 9. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles 1-flowered. Sepals connivent, thick, acuminated, reflexed at the ape.x. Leaves smooth, pinnate ; leaflets entire, 3-lobed, alter- nate, ovate, acute, floral ones entire. {Doit's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Pennsylvania to Georgia. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers purple without, whitish within ; June to August. Fruit white ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves retained long, and dying, off black. Variety. C. V. 2 corddta. C. cordsita Sims Bot.Mag. t. 1816., and our flg. 9. from that plate ; Clem, Simsii Sweet's Hort. Brit. This species is striking in the dissimilarity of its flowers to those of most other species. It is of vigor- ous growth, and, exclusive of its flowers, assimilates to C. Viticella ; but its stems and branches are less decidedly ligneous. The stems are numerous, slender, and round; the peduncles of the flower are long, deflexed towards the tip, rendering the flowers pen- dulous ; the sepals never open, except at their ex- treme ends, which are bent back, giving the whole flower a bell shape, but with the mouth of the bell narrower than the body. The sepals are of a greenish purple or reddish lilac on the outside, and of a very'pale green within. The stamens scarcely emerge from the sepals. The carpels are broad and flat j as they ripen, the tail becomes bent in and plumose, and of a brownish green colour. It B 4 clematis Vitima corddta. ARBORETUM £T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM is most ornamental as a single plant, trained to a rod or to a wire frame. As its branches are not very decidedly ligneous or persistent, but consist mostly of annual shoots from a sufFruticose base, and are not much branched, the plant does not ex- hibit a bushy head. It thrives best in bog earth, kept somewhat moist, in which cir- cumstance it differs from most of the woody species of Cle- matis. It may be increased by layers, though not so readily as from seeds, which it produces in abund- ance. This species, C. cylindrica, and C. re- ticulata, being neither very woody, nor very luxuriant in growth, may all be treated as herbaceous plants, to be supported during the flowering season by temporary props. Few border plants, in- deed, will be found more ornamental elegant or more so when managed. Clematis Vidrna. -i 8. C. cyli'ndrica Sims. The cyYmdr'icaX-flowered Clematis. Identification. Sims, in Bot. Mag., t. 1160. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 7. ; Don's Blill., 1. p. 8.; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 10. Symmymes. C crispa La?«., but not of Linn. ; C.WwTnaiAndr.mBot.Rep.; C. diraricMa Jocg.; the long-flowered Virgin's Bower ; Clematite a longues Fleurs, Fr, Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1. 1160. ; Bot. Rep., t. 71. ; and onrflg. 10. Spec. Char., i^-c. Peduncles l~flowered. Sepals thin, acuminated, reflexed at the apex, with wavy margins. Leaves slender, pinnate ; leaflets stalked, ovate or oblong, middle one sometimes trifid, floral ones entire. (DoiCs Mill.) A deciduous cUmber. North Carolina and Florida. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1802. Flowers large, purplish blue, nodding ; June, August. Fruit white ; ripe in September. DeCandoUe describes this species as related to C. Viorna, reticulata, and crispa, and dis- criminated it from these. C. cylindrica, he says, differs from C. Viorna, in the segments of its leaves being entire and not trifid ; in the flowers being blue, not reddish lilac and pale within, and twice the size of those of C. Viorna ; in the sepals t'I^i:itit cylindrica. I. JJANUNCULA CEJE : CLE MATIS. 9 lOa. Fruit of Clematis cyllndrica. being not leather}*, but somewhat of the consistence of paper, with the margin waved ; the ovaries 12-15, not 25-30. C. cylindrica differs from C. reticulata in its leaves being in consistence papery, not leathery ; scarcely veined, not reticulately veined ; and in other points. C. cylindrica closely resembles C. crispa in habit and mode of flower- ing ; but differs from it in its sepals being waved in the margin, not rolled backwards, in its larger flowers, and especially in its carpels having long bearded tails, and not naked ones. C. Viorna and C. cylindrica, seen together in a living state, are very dissimilar in appearance. C. Viorna has vigorous long branches ana reddish flowers, which are acorn-hke in figure, except that they have a spread- ing mouth ; there is also obvious dissimilarity in the foliage and shoots, C. cylindrica being almost herbaceous. 1 9. C. reticula'ta Walt, The net-veined-leaved Clematis. Identification. Walt. Fl. Car., 156. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 7. ; Don's Mill.. 1. p. 8. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 10. Synnnymes. C. rbsea. Abbott ; C. SimsiV Hook. ; the netted Virgin's Bower ; the reticulated Clematis. Engravings. Dend. Brit,t. 72. ; and our ^g. 11. Spec. Char., ^-c. Peduncles 1-flowered. Sepal connivent. Leaves coriaceous, netted with nerves, smooth, pinnate ; leaflets stalked, 3- lobed or entire, ovate. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous climber. S. Carolina and Georgia. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flow- ers pale purplish red ; June to August. Fruit white ; ripe in September. Leaflets all petiolulate, 1 in. to H in. long, undivided or variously lobed, the lowest pair 3-parted, sometimes rather acute and mucronate. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Flowers as large as in C. crispa. Sepals dull purple, ovate-lanceolate, velvety externally. Tails of the carpels long. (Tor. and Grai/,) In C. Viorna the sepals do not divaricate, except in their recurved tips ; while in C. reticulata the sepals expand in the mode of those of C. Viticella. A side view of a flower less expanded resembles more the flower of C. cylindrica, but the cylin- drical portion is shorter. The flowers (sepals) of the two are different in colour. The leaves of C. reticulata are veined, as is implied in the specific name. The stems are scarcely ligneous. 1 10. C. Henderso^n// Chandler. Henderson's Clematis. Engravings. Oar Jigs. 12. and 13. Spec. Char., %c. Peduncles 1-flowered, much longer than the petioles of the leaves. Sepals long, wrinkled, reflexed. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets ovate- acuminate. A deciduous climber. Hybrid. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Cult. 1835. Flowers bluish purple ; June to September. Fruit white. The stems and foliage bear a general resemblance to those of C. Viticella, while the flowers, in magnitude and colour, and the leaflets in shape and veining, resemble those of C. integrifolia ; but the sepals expand much wider, in the manner of those of C. Viticella. This plant is apparently a hybrid between C. Viticella and C. integrifolia, having the flowers of the latter, and the leaves and stems of the former. It was raised by Mr. Henderson, 11. CK^matis reliculita. 10 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. nurseryman, of Pine-apple Place, and first flowered in the nursery of Mr. Chandler, by whom it was named. It may fairly be described as one of the most ornamental Fruit of Clematis Hendersons*. species of this section, from t'ne largeness of its flowers, their long footstalks, which make them stand out distinctly from the foliage, the great profusion with which they are produced, and the long time the plant continues to produce them. Layers. § ii. Viticella Dec. 1 3. a^matis HeudetsiniV. Derivation. From viticula, a small vine ; on account of the plants climbing like Htis vinlfera L. Sect. Char. Involucre wanting. Tail cf the pericarp (that is, of the carpel) short, beardless. Leaves ternate, or decompound. Stems climbing. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) Deciduous. 1 11. C. flo'rida T/mn. The florid, or shoivy-flowkrsd. Clematis. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., 240. ; Dec. Prod., 1. 8. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synonymes. ^tragene indica Besf. ; ^tragene florida Pers. ; Clematite ^ grandes Fleurs, Fr. ; grossblUthigeWaldrebe, Ger. Engravings. Sims Bot. Mag., t. 834. ; Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 402. ; and our,^^. 14. Si^ec. Char., 8fc. Peduncles 1-flowered, longer tlian the leaves. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate, acute, quite entire. Sepals oval-lanceolate, much pointed. {DorCs Mill.) A deciduous climber. Japan. Height 10ft. to 12ft. Introduced in 1776. Flowers white; June to September. Fruit ?. Varieties. 1 C. /. 2. fibre plena Hort. has the stamens changed into floral leaves, which may be denominated petals. It is very handsome, but the petals have frequently a tinge of green, which renders it less orna- mental than the single species, in which the centre of the flower is comparatively inconspicuous, while the sepals are large, and of a pure white. 1 G. f. ^ fibre plhio violdceo ; C. f. Sieboldii D. Don in Sweet's Brit. Flow.-Gard. 2d ser. p. 396.; C. Sieboldti Paxton's Mag. Bot. I. iiANUNCULA^CEiE : CLEMATIS. 11 C. fl(Srida fl. pi. vjolkceo. favourable exposure. Clematis fidrida. p. 147. ; C. bicolor Hort. ; and our Jig. 14. ; is in all respects the same as the last, except that the petals, or centre of the flower, are of a rich violet colour, approaching to purple. It was sent from Japan to Europe by Dr. Sieboldt ; and introduced into England in 1836. It is a most ornamental plant, and as hardy and easily propagated as the other va- riety or the e-pecies. The stem is slender ^ and striated ; climbing to the height of 15 ft. or upwards when it is trained to a wall with a though never becoming very woody. The flowers are large and handsome, either in a single or double state ; and these, with the neatness of its foliage, and the slenderness of its stems and branches, give it such an air of elegance, that no lover of plants should be without it, who has a garden in which it will thrive. North of London it requires a wall ; and in Scotland, as well as in France and Germany, it is generally kept in the green-house. A mode of pruning plants of this species, by cutting them down to the ground annually, though not generally practised, is said to produce vigorous shoots and fine flowers. This species never ripens seeds in England, and is therefore only propagated by layers. 1 12. C. c^ERU^LEA Lindl. The blue, or violet-flowered. Clematis. Identification. Lindl., in Bot. Reg., t. 1955. Synonymes. C. azOrea grandiflbra S?(?6.; C grandiflbra flbr/. Engravings. Bot. Keg., 1. 1955.; and our fig. 16. iS/jec. Char., Sfc. Leaves spreading, hairy, ternate. Segments ovate-acute, entire. Peduncles 1- flowered. Sepals 6 to 8, oblong, lanceolate, acute, membranaceous. Margin distended. (Lindl.) A deciduous climber. Japan. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1836. Flowers blue ; June and July, Fruit ?. A free-growing and profuse-blooming plant, with the habit of C. florida. Flowers large, violet-coloured, with deep purple stamens, \t differs from C. florida in the colour, delicacy, and transparency of its blossoms, and also in its leaves being only once ternate, and in the sepals not touching and overlapping each other at the edges. Culture and propagation as in C. florida. IG. Clematis csriilea 1 13, C. Vitice'lla L. The Vine-Bower Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 762. ; Dec. Prod., I. p.9. ; Don's Mill., L p. 9. Synonymes. Vitic^Ua Avlibiiea. Moench; the red-flowered Lady's Bower, Gerard: Italienische Waldrebe, Ger. j < , Engravings. Flor. Grac, t. 516. ; Bot. Mag., t. 565. ; and our;^. 17. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. Leaves ternately decompound, lobes or leaflets entire. Sepals obovate, spreading. {Doris Mill.) A deciduous climber. South of Europe, in hedges, on calcareous soil. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1569 Flowers blue 12 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. or purple ; July to September. Fruit white ; ripe in October. Decaying foliage black or brown. Varieties. J. C. r. 1 ccBridea. — Flowers blue. -i C V. 2 purpurea. — Flowers purple. i C. r. 3 multiplex G. Don. C. pulchella Pers. — Flowers double, blue. This variety produces more robust, more extended, and fewer shoots, than the single-flowered blue or purple varieties. 1 C. V. 4 tenuifolia Dec, C. tenuifolia lusitanica Tourn. ; and 1 C. r. 5 baccdta Dec, C. campaniflora Hort. ; are varieties which we have not seen. C. Viticella, and all its varieties, are tolerably robust and vigorous in their growth, and decidedly ligneous ; though plants, individually, do not endure many years. They are, perhaps, the most beau- tiful and most estimable of all the kinds of clematis, for the purposes of floral de- coration. For the mere covering of bowers and other objects, they are, however, lessj suited than C. Vitalba and C. Flammula; as these grow faster, extend farther, and each yields a greater aggregate of herbage, and so covers better : but none of them can vie with C. Viticella and its varieties in beauty; more especially with the single purple and the single blue. 17. Clematis Viticella -I. l^. C. campaniflo'ra J5?-o/. The bell-flowered Clematis. Identification. Brot. Flor. Lus., 3. p. 352. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synont/mes. C. viornoldes, received at the Chelsea Botanic Garden by this name, from the Berlin Botanic Garden (D. Don, in Sin. Fl.-Gard., 2d ser., t.217.) ; C. viornoldes Schroder, Hort. Brit. No. 28757.; C. parviflbra Dec, according to Sweet. Engravings. Lod. Bot. Cab., 987.; S\v. Br. Fl.-Gard., 2d series, t. 217.; and our ^/g. 18. Spec. Char., 8fc. Pedun- cles 1 -flowered, some- what longer than the leaves. Leaves biter- nately decompound ; leaflets entire, or 3- lobed. Sepals half- spreading, dilated at the apex, wavy. (Do7i's Mill.) A deciduous suflTrutescent climber of vigorous growth. Portugal, in hedges. Height 11 ft. to 15 ft. Introd.1810. Flowert. white, slightly tinged with purple ; July and August. Fruit white. Decaying foliage dai'k brown. is a^matis campanifibra. Variefi/. 1 C. r. 2 parviflora. C. parviflora Fisch. of Gottingen. — Flowers rather smaller than in the species, sepals crisped at the edges. H. S. I. TJANUNCULA^CE^ : CLE'mATIS. 13 The habit of growth of this plant is that of C. Viticella, to which it also comes nearest in affinity, but, though less woody, its shoots are much more robust; the much smaller and white flowers, and pointed sepals connivent (that is, lying close together) below, will readily distinguish it. It seldom ripens wood in England, but is readily propagated by layers. 1 15. C. CRI'SPA L. The cv\T\ed-sepaIed Clematis. Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Identification. Lin. Sp., 765. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9. Synonyme. C. fibre crispo Dill. Elth. Engravings. Dill. Elth., 1. t. 73. fig. 84. ; Bot. Mag., 1982. ; and our^. 19. Spec. Char., Sfc. Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Leaves entire, 3-lobed, or ternate, very acute. Sepals connivent at the base, but reflexed, and spreading at the apex. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Virginia to Florida. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers purple ; July to September. Fruit brownish ; ripe in October. Leaves glabrous, or s'ightly hairy. Flowers one third smaller than in C. Viorna, bright purple. Tail of the carpels thick and rigiil, , about half an inch long. (Tor. and Grai/.) The flowers of this species are pretty, but perhaps never produced in sufficient quan- tity to render it highly decorative. The se- pals have their tips reflexed, and waved with transverse wrinkles. The stems are weak, and i^- ciimatis cnspa. do not generally rise higher than 3 or 4 feet. The plants frequently die down to the ground, so that this species requires to be treated more as herbaceous than ligneous. It ripens seeds plentifully. § iii. Clieiropsis Dec. L\ Derivation. From clieir, the hand, and opsis, resemblance ; in allusion to the form of the bracteas. Sect. Char. Involucre in the form of a calyx, from two joined bracteas situated at the top of the peduncle just under the flower. Tails of pericarps bearded. Climbing or rambling shrubs, with simple or ternate leaves. The old petioles persistent, and the new leaves and the peduncles produced in clusters from the axils of these. (Dec. Si/st., i. 162.) Evergreen. fl- 16. C. ciRRHo'sA L. The tendriled-petioled Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 7G6. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9. : Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synonymes. Atr&gene cirrh5sa Pers. Syn. 2. p. 98.; Traveller's Joy of Candia, and Spanish Tra- veller's Jov, Johnson's Gerard; Spanish wild Climber, Parkinson; the evergreen Clematis; Clematite h. Vrilles, Clematite toujours verte (Bon Jard.), Fr. ; einfachblattrige (simple-leaved) Waldrebe, Ger. Derivation, The word cirrhbsa, which means cirrhose, or tendriled, is applied to this species from the "peculiarly grasping and tendril-like action of its petioles, which retain their hold even after the leaflets have fallen. The French word Vrilles signifies tendrils ; and the German word einfach alludes to its comparatively simple leaves. Engravings. See the Varieties. Spec. Char., Sfc. Peduncle 1-flowered, with an involucre. Leaves simple, or variously divided ; evergreen. An evergreen chmber. Spain and the Balearic Isles. Height in British gardens, in the climate of London, in a warm situation, against a wall, 3 ft to 10 ft. Introduced in 1396. Flowers greenish or yellowish white ; March and April. Fruit ' . Foliage of the broad-leaved varieties forming a fine dark green mass. 14 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varieties. L C. c. 2 pedicelldta Dec. ; C. pedicellata Sweeps Hort. Brit. p. 2., and Don's Mill. i. p. 9. ; C. balearica Pei's.; C. cir- rhosa Sivis B. Mag. t. 1070.; and our fig. 20. ; has the pedicel be- tween the invohicre and the flower considerably ^^^ longer than in the species. fl- C. c. 3 angustifolia. C. bale- arica Rich. Bot. Mag. t. 959., and our^g. 21.; C. calycina Ait. ; C. polymorpha Hort. Clematite de Mahon, Fr. — The leaves of this variety vary exceedingly, from those shown in fig. 23. of the natural size, taken from a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, to those shown in fig. 22., reduced from Smith's Flora Gro'ca. Introduced into England by M. Thouin, in 1783. The varieties are all elegant evergreen climbing shrubs, rising to the height of from 6 ft.- to ] 0 ft., and branching freely, so as to become, in two or three vears, very thick bushy plants. 21. C. cirrh6sa anguslif61ia SO. Clematis cirrh6sapedicelliita. 22. Clematis cirrhosa angustif61ia. 23. Clematis cirrhosa an^sUfolia, The leaves vary from simple to ternate ; and from being entire to being deeply cut. The flowers appear at the end of December, or the beginning of January, and continue till the middle or end of April. They are pendulous and bell-shiiped, the mouth being of the breadth of a shilling, or more. Their colour is greenish white, with some puri)le on the inside. The sepals are downy without, and smooth within. In its native country it is said to climb up and overwhelm the trees ; but in England it is a weak plant, not very readily kept. In nurseries it is generally cultivated in pots, and kept in a green-house, or in a cold-frame. The principal beauties of this species con- sist in its bright evergreen verdure, and in the earliness of its flowering in spring; and these properties may be best obtained by training it against a wall with a southern aspect. Layers and cuttings. I, sanuncula'ce^: cle'matis. 15 § iv. Anemonijldra. Dertvntion. From the flowers being like those of the ^nembne sylv^stris. Sect. Char. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, aggregate, not bearing an invo- lucre. Carpel with a feathery tail. Leaves deciduous. 1 17. C. MONTANA Ham. The Mountain Clematis. Identification. C.mont^na i/ara. iV/SS.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9. ; Royle, p. 51. Synonymes. C. anemonilliira D. Bon Prod. Ft. Nepal, p. 192., Don's Mill. 1. p. 9. Engravings. Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar., 3. p. 12. t. 217. ; Swt. Br. Fl.-Gard., 2. s. t. 253. ; and om figs. 24. and 25. Fig. 25. is from the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and fig. 24. from a specimen of that at Montreal, Kent. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles 1-flowered, not bracteated, several together. Leaves ternately parted, the segments ovate-oblong, acuminate, toothed, the teeth in the mode of incisions. Sepals elhptic-oblong, mucronulate, spread- ing. (Z>. Don.) A deciduous climber. Himalayan Mountains at 5000 ft. to 7000 ft. elevation. Height 10 ft. to 13 ft., or in sheltered situations 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1831. Flowers white; April in Nepal, May in England. Fruit white ; ripe in August. Decaying foliage brown, and dropping more freely than in most of the other kinds. A highly ornamental species. The plant is large and branching ; the bark thick, ash-coloured, and de- ciduous. Leaves numerous, pale green. Flowers numerous, about the size and form of those of Ane- mone sylvestris L., borne several together, each upon a separate, upright, slender peduncle, about 3 in. long. Sepals 4, I in. long, pure white, faintly stained with pink outside at the base. Styles clothed with long white silky hairs ; from which it may be inferred that this species will have its fruits terminated with feathery tails, in a state of maturity. In the climate of England it proves to be quite hardy, and seems to flourish as well as on its native mountains. It grows with great vigour in a loamy soil, flowers profusely early in the season, and is readily increased by layers. A very desirable species. Other Species of Clematis. — There are several other species of Clematis described in books, some of them as introduced, and others as not yet in cultivation in Britain ; but we have refrained from describing any species of which we have not seen living plants. In Torsey and Gray's Flora of North America, C. holosericea Pursh, C. Mgustidfolia Nutt., C. JJrumviondu Tor. S)- Gray, C. parviflora Nutt., C. la.nantha Nutt., C. lineariloba Dec, and C. Pitcheri Tor. Sf Gray, are described as woody species, none of which, even by name, are yet in British gardens. C. pubesce7is, vitifdlia, Buchamana, and some others, mentioned by Drs. Wallich and Royle, are yet to introduce from the Himalayas ; and there are several names in DeCandolle's Prodromus of which living plants are not in our gardens. Cl^atis montiXna. 25. Clematis montana. 16 ARBORKTUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITAKNICUM. Genus II. ^TRA'GENE L. The Atragene. Lin, Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. Identification. Lin Gen., p.6I5. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synonymes. Clematis Lam. and Dec. ; Atragene, Fr. and Ger. Derivation. The name of Atragene appears to be taken from two Greek words ; athros, pressed, and ^enos, birth ; alluding, as it is supposed, to the manner in which the branches press against or clasp the trees that support them. It was first used by Theophrastus, and was by him applied to Clematis Vitftlba L. Gen. Char. Involucre none. Sepals 4, somewhat induplicate in the bud. Petals numerous, shorter than the sepals. Cariopsides (carpels) terminated by a bearded tail. Cotyledons approximate in the seed. (^Don's Mill.} Leaves compound, opposite, generally exstipulate, deciduous ; leaflets variously cut. Flowers axillary, pedunculate ; purple, blue, or white. Climbing shrubs, natives of Europe and North America. The atragenes differ from the clematises in producing leaves and one flower from the same bud contemporaneously; whereas in most clematises the flowers are produced upon wood developed previously to their appearance, and during the same season. Hence the winter buds of /Atragene are larger than those of Clematis, from their including the flower as well as the leaves of the succeeding year. In atragenes the leaves are less divided than in many of the species of Clematis, and they are always divided ternately. AH the species of Atragene described in this work have petioles, which not only clasp objects, like those of Clematis, but maintain the hold for more than the season, like the vine. All extremely interesting fiom the beauty of their blossoms. The culture is the same as in Clematis, and the propagation generally by layers. 1 1. j4tra'gene alpi^na L. The Alpine Atragene. Identification. Lin. Sp., 764. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synony7ncs. Clematis ca^rCllea Bauli. ; j4tragene austrlaca Scop, and Bot. Mag. ; .atragene clema- tldes Crantz ; Clematis alp4na Mill. Diet. No. 9. ; C. alpina Dec. Prod. 1. p. 10. ; Atragene des Alpes, Fr.\ Alpen Atragene, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Rep., 1. 180. ; Bot. Mag., t. 530. ; and our jf^ 26. Spec. Char., Sfc. Peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves. Leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrate. Petals somewhat spathulate, blunt. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. South of Europe, on mountains, in calcareous soils. Height 8 ft. Introduced in 1792. Flowers blue; May to July. Fruit white; ripe in August. Decaying leaves brownish, and in general parting more freely from the stems than in Clematis. Varieties. DeCandolle mentions its varying with white flowers ; and A. sibirica Lin., described below as a species with yellowish white flowers, appears to us nothing more than a variety of A. alpina. The stems are numerous, branching, weak, forming knots at the joints where the leaves and ^^5=. flowers are protruded. One flower, on a longish scape, springs from between the leaves. The sepals /^l are twice the length of the petals, and are blue i^^ on both sides. The petals are small, of a dirty white, and in general 12 in number. Very orna- jg. Atvigene alpina. mental. Layers. I. i?ANUNCULA Ct-li: : y/TllA GENE. 17 27. Atr^geneia.) 5.ihix\c^. J, 2. A. (a.) sibi'rica L. 'J lie Siberian Atragene. Identification. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1951. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synonymes. Auk%ene alphia G^ncl. Sib. 4. p. 194., Pall. Flor. Ross. 2. p. 69. ; Clematis sibirica Mill. Did. No. 12., ami Dfc. Prod. 1. p. 10. Engravings. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1951. ; and ouryji'. 27. Spec. Char., S(c. Peduncles 1-flowered, almost equal in length with the leaves. Leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. Petals emarginate at the apex. (^Don's Mi/l.) A deciduous climber. Siberia, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1733. Flowers wliite ; June and July. Fruit white ; ripe in August, Decaying leaves brownish. Variety. A blue-flowered variety of this species is men- tioned in Bot. Mag., t. 1591., which is probably the A. ochot^nsis of Pallas, or possibly nothing more than A. alpina L. There is a considerable similarity in this to the last, in foliage and habit of growth ; but it is less robust and less branchy ; its branches are more ligneous-looking, and the segments of the leaves longer. The calyxes of the flower are white, longer, and with the tips rather con- nivent than spreading. The bark and foliage are of a lighter colour, and the flowers longer than those of A. alpina ; and the latter are perhaps less numerous. 1 3. A. AMERiCA^NA Sims. The American Atragene. Identification. Sims, in Bot. Mag., t. 887. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synonyme. Clematis veiticiliaris i)cc. Prod. 1. p. 10., 2'or. <§r Gray, I. p. 10. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 887. ; and our fig. 28. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles 1-flowered ; leaves whorled, in fours, ternate ; leaflets stalked, cordate lanceolate, acuminated, entire or somewhat lobed or serrated. Petals acute. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Ver- mont to Carolina, on mountains and rocky places. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1797. Flowers purplish blue; May to July. Fruit white,- ripe ?. Decaying leaves dark brown. Variety. 1 A. a. 2 obliqua Dou. MS. — Leaflets bluntly serrated. This species is distinguishable from all the other Clema- tideae described in this work, by the peculiarity of its leaves being disposed, not oppositely in alternately decussating pairs, but in whorls of four. This is an anomalous cha- racteristic, which DeCandoUe has expressed by his specific epithet verticillaris. The flowers are very large, and cam- panulate. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, bright purplish blue. 28. yitrHgene a^SS^kna. (Tor. and Gray.) Layers. Other Species and Varieties of Atragene. — A. ochotensis Pall, we consider as a variety o( A. sibirica L. A. columbidna Nutt., C, Columbiana Tor. ^- Gray, i. p. 11., has ternate leaves, and pale blue flowers smaller than those oi A. ameri- cana. It is a native of the Rocky Mountains, but has not yet been introduced. Tribe II. Pmq-^ia^cejl Dec. Trib. Char. At once distinguishable from Clematidese, by the character of the anthers opening to admit the escape of the pollen on the side next the ovaries. In Ciematideas, the anthers open on the side outward to the ovaries. The aestivation is also imbricate, and the carpels from one-seeded c 18 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. to many-seeded. Suffruticose deciduous shrubs, of low growth, natives of temperate climates. Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, stipulate, deciduous, but with- out possessing a clasping power. Flowers very large in Pseonia, very small in Xanthorhiza ; and the following are the distinctive characteristics of these genera : — Ps.o^'SiA L. Sepals persistent. Petals orbicular, sessile. XanthouhTza L, Sepals deciduous. Petals 2-lobed, unguiculate. Genus I. PMO^^IAl.. The P^EONY. Lm. S^/s/. Polyandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. The term Pseonia was applied by the Greeks to these plants, which have continued to bear that name ever since. Synonymes. Peuny, Piony ; Pivoine, Fr.\ Gichtterrose, and Paonie, Ger.; Rosa del Monte, Span.; Peonia, Ital. Dei illation. The term Paeonia is generally s;iid to have been given by Hippocrates and Diosco. rides, in commemoration of Paeon, tlie physician who first used it in medicine ; but Professor Don thinks it more probable that it is derived from Pieonia, a mountainous country of Macedonia, where some of the species grow wild. Gichtterrose, Ger., signifies the gouty rose, from the knobby or gouty appearance of the roots of the herbaceous species. Ge7i. Char. Calijx of 5 leafy, unequal, permanent sepals. Petals from 5 to 10, somewhat orbicular. Stamens numerous. Disk fleshy, girding the ovaries. Carpels follicular, from 2 to 5, large, many-seeded, terminated with thick bilamellate stigmas. Seeds rather globose, shining. Leaves compound, alternate, biternate or bipinnate. Flowers large, rosy, or rosy and white, usually Vv'ith a strong disagreeable smell. A suffruticose shrub. Height from 3 ft. to 10 ft. Native of China and Japan. There is but one ligneous species, P. Moi'dan ; but there are several varieties ; all nndershrubs, which never attain a great height, and the wood of which always retains a herbaceous character, with a large pith. The roots are ramose rather than tuberenis. The whole plant is narcotic and poisonous. The varieties are all beautiful, and hanly in most parts of Great Britain ; though, from vegetating early, they commonly suffer from spring frosts. 3£ 1. P. AIou'tan Sims. The Moutan, or Tree, Pa;ony. Identification. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1154 ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 65. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 65. Synoiiymes. Pxbnia arbbrea Donn Hort. Can. ; P. suftrutic6sa Bot. Rep. ; Pivoine Moutan, and Pivoine en Arbre, Fr. ; bauniartige Gichtterrose, Ger. ; Iloa Ouang, and Pe-Leang-Kin, Chinese. Derivation. The word Moutan has been applied to this species of pa;ony, in China, for above 1400 years. P. arburea and /'. suttVuticosa signil'y the tree and the snb-shru^by paeony. The German name signifies tlie tree-like gouty rose. The Chinese name Hoa-Ouang signifies the king of flow- ers, alluding to the beauty of the plant : and Pe-Leang-Kin, a hundred ounces of gold, in allusion to the high price which some of tlie varieties bear in China. Spec. Char., Sfc. Segments of leaves oval-oblong, glaucous underneath. Car- pels 5, villose. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous suffrutescent bush. China. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1787. Flowers pink; May. Fruit brownish green ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves brown or black. Varieties. ^ P. M. 1 [)avf:veracca Andrews. Bot. Rep.', t. 403. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., 547. ; Bot. Mag., 2 1 73. ; and onr Jig. 29. — Petals from 8 to 13, white, with a purple ^ spot at the base of each. Capsules altogether enclosed in the urceolus, or disk. In- troduced in 1805. Professor Don remarks (bw. Br. rL- .^^ i'ttuma .4i«.iu<. jjapateracea. I. i?ANUNCULA CE^ : XANTHORHJ ZA. 19 30. PjEonia Mojitan U^nksii. Gar., 2d ser., 238.) that P. AT. /japavenicea appears to be really the normal form of the sjjecies, as the late Mr. George Anderson suggested in his paper on tlie subject in the Linna'an Transactions, vol. .\ii. s P. M. 2 Bdnksn Andrews. Bot. Rep., t. 448. ; Bot. Reg., 379. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1 1 54. ; and oviY jig. 30. — Flowers double. Petals slightly tinged with blush, becoming nearly white at the edges, marked at the base with pur- plish red. In the centre of the flower are some elongated petals, which sometimes appear to rise from amongst the germens. Cultivated in 1787. Other Varieties. Upwards of twelve are described in the first edition of this work, and the number is continually increasing, in consequence of cross fe- cundation with one another, and with the herbaceous species. They are all very beautiful, and well deserving of cultivation. The Pdibnia Moutan, in a sheltered situation, will attain the height of from G ft. to 10 ft. in ten years: and no plant can be a more gorgeous ornament of the garden than such a bush, abounding as it does in leaves striking from their branched character and numerous segments, ami in very mannificeiit flowers of extraordinary size ; both leaves and flowers being produced earlv in the spring. On its first importation, this plant was grown m sandy peat ; but it has since been found to thrive best in deep rich loamy soil. An o[)en situation is preferable, both on account of maturing the wood and leaves, and for displaying the flowers to advantage ; but the plant must be sheltered from the cold spring winds, unless it is intended to cover it, when it is in flower, with a movable glass or canvass case. The protection given to this plant is necessary, not so much to prevent it from being injured during winter (for it will bear the winters of Paris without any protection, if the wood has been properly ripened), as to protect the tender leaves and flowers when thev first appear, in April and May, from being blackened by the frost. Seeds are frequently produced from which new varieties are raised, and any variety may be increased by division of the root ; by grafting on the tubers of herba- ceous pceonies, any time from the middle of September to the middle of March ; by budding, a mode said to be practised by the Chinese ; by layers, which is the most general mode ; by ringing a branch beneath each bud, and then pegging down the branch, and covering it with soil ; and by cuttings. The details of these modes of propagation will be found in the first edition of this work. Genus II. XANTHORHrZA L. The Yellow-Root. Mono-Tri-gynia. Lin. Syst. Pol3an(lria Gen. Char. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5, of two roundish lobes raised on a pedicel. Stamens 3-10. Ovaries 5-10. Carpels 2 — 3-seeded, but usually solitary from abortion. (Don's Mill., i. p. 63.) — There is only one species known. Leaves compound, opposite, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnately divided, toothed, and serrated. Flowers in racemes, axillary, compound, appearing with the leaves. c 2 20 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANN'ICUM. J* 1. X. ^piifo'lia UHcrit. The Parsley-leaved Yellow- Root. Idenlificathm. L'llcr. Stirp. nov., p.79. t. 38. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 65. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 65. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 40. Synonymes. Xanthorhlza npiifolia ; Zanthorise ^ FeuUles de Persil, Fr. ; Sellerie-bliittrige Gelb- wurz, Ger. Derivation. From the Greek words xdnthos^ yellow, and riiiza, a root ; applied from the deep yellow colour of the roots. The French name needs no explanation ; and the German is a literal translation of tlie English one. Etigravings. Lam. 111., t. 8-54. ; Bot. Mag., 1730. ; and onr Jig. 31. Spec. Char., c^c. Flowers minute, dark piirjjle, often by abortion polygamous. A low, suffrutesceiit, deciduous shrub. Flowers dark purple ; Ma}', Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Pennsylvania. Introduced in 1776. Decaying leaves yellovvisli or brown, dropping in September. A small shrub with yellow creeping roots, which attain a large size, and throw up numerous suckers ; with irregularly pinnate leaves, branched racemes, and small purplish flowers (which are usually unisexual ft'om abortion) rising ft-om the scaly buds. The flowers "S^ appear early in May, and continue a month or upwards '^■'^ before they drop off. We have never heard of its ripening seeds in Europe ; nevertheless, this may have occurred, and been overlooked, from the inconspi- cuousness of the shrub, and the smallness of its fruit. Suckers, or division of the root. Xanthovtiiza apiifolU. Order II. WINTER^^C^^. Ordinal Character. CaJijx of 2 — 6 deciduous sepals, and 2 to many petals ; the sepals and petals, when more than two, disposed ternately. Carpels whorled, very rarely solitary from abortion, — Evergreen shrubs, or low trees, chiefly natives of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; full of pellucid dots, and coriaceous. Properties aromatic and stimulant. Illicium is the only genus of this order which contains species that will stand out in the open air in Britain. Genus I. ILLrCIUM L. The Illicium. or Aniseed Polygjnia, Lin. Gen., 611. ; Tor. and Gray, I. p. 42. Tree. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Dec. Prod., 1. p. 77. ; Don's Mill. Identification. 1. p. 78. Synonymes. Badiane, or Anis-etoile, Fr. ; Sternanis, Ggr. Derivation. The generic name Illicium is formed from the Latin word illicio, to allure, on account of the agreeable aromatic smell of all the species. It is called tlie Aniseed Tree, from its smell bearing a strong resemblance to that of aniseed. Badiane appears to be an aboriginal French word ; .4nis-etoile, and Stern.inis, signify literally the starry anise, and may allude to the starry disposition of the parts of the flower and of the capsules. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like sepals. Carpels stellately disposed, cap- sular, opening on the upper side, 1-seeded, (^Don's Mill., i, [), 79,) « 1. Illi'cium florida'num Ellis. The Florida Illicium. Identification. Lin. Mant., 395. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 77. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 79. Sy7ionymes. The Florida Aniseed Tree, red-flowered Anise-seed Tree, Mor. Hist. ; Badiane de la I'loride, Fr. ; unjichter (spurious) Sternanis, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 439. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 209. ; and omfig. 32. Spec. Char.y ^c. Petals 27 — 30, dark purple, outer ones oblong, inner ones lanceolate. {Doiis Mi/l.) An evergreen glabrous shrub. West II. Wll^TFAiA'CE^: ILLI'CIUM. 21 Florida to Louisiana, in swamps. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1766. Flowers dark reddish purple, with the odour of anise ; April to June. Fruit none in England. Decaying leaves reddish brown, dropping in June. A compact, many-stemmed, bushy, ever- green, slow-growing shrub, attaining, in the neighbourhood of London, the height of 6 or 8 feet or upwards, and flowering every year. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, pointed at both extremities, smooth, shining, and, in common with the whole plant, have a rich reddish hue. The flowers are numerous, solitary, and terminal ; and bear some general resemblance to those of Calycanthus floridus. The manner in which the plant is propagated in the London nurseries is, generally, by form- ing stools of it in a cold-pit, and laying down the shoots, which require two years to root sufficiently to admit of their being separated from the parent plant ; but it is sometimes propagated by cuttings both of the young and of the old wood. This ver\' handsome ever- green shrub is sufficiently hardy to have re- sisted the winter of 1837-8, in several situations in the climate of London. Uiciuni iTondAnum. Order III. MAG'S Oh LrCEJE. Ord. Char. Calyx of 3 deciduous sepals. Corolla of 3 — 12 petals, dis- posed in threes. Anthers adnate, elongated. Carpels numerous, disposed along a spiked axis. Leaves destitute of pellucid dots, stipulate when young. Stipules convolute, and enclosing the unexpanded leaves. — Evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, chiefly natives of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; oblong, not dotted, more or less corjaceous, articulated distinctly with the stem, and, when expanding, rolled together like those of i^icus. Flowers large, mostly white or yellowish. Seeds roundish, large, red or brown. — The species liardy in British gardens are included under the genera Magnol/a and Liriodendron, the differential characters of which are as follows : — Magno^l/w L. Carpel dehiscent ; that is, opening to admit the escape of the seed. Liriode'ndron L. Carpel indehiscent ; that is, not opening to adnnt tlie escape of the seed. Genus I. MAGNO'L/J L. The Magnolia. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 690. ; Dec. Prod., !. p. 79. ; Don's Mill., \. p. 82. Si/nunipnes. Magnolie, Fr. and Ital. ; Bicberbaum Hart., and Magnolie Willd., Ger. DeriiHition. The name Magn6l?Vi! was given to this genus by Linnjeus, in honour o( Pierre Magnn/, professor of medicine, and prefect of the botanic garden at Montpelier. The German name Bit'berhaum, beaver wood, is applied generically by Hartweg in the Hortus Cailsriilicnsis ; but, in America, Beaver-wood appears to be applied only to M. glaijca. c 3 2*2 AUBORETUM ET FIIUTICETLM BUITANNICUM. Gen. Char. Cali/x uf 3 deciduous sepals, that resemble petals. Corolla of from 6 — 9 petals. Stamens numerous. Pistih numerous. Carpels disposed compactly m spikes, opening by the external angle, J — 2-seeded, permanent. Seeds baccate, somewhat cordate, i)endulous, hanging out beyond the car- pels by a very long umbilical white thread. Leaves simple, alternate, sti[)idate^ deciduous or evergreen ; entire, large, oblong or oval, stipulate. Flower.-, terminal, solitary, large, odoriferous. Seed large, roundish, produced in conical strobiles. Trees and shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. One of the species is a lofty evergreen tree; l)ut the others are decidu- ous, and partly trees and partly shrubs. The seeds are mostly of a scarlet colour. The roots are branched, and yet but sparingly supplied with fibres. Magnolias juay be cultivated in most parts of Britain, and of the middle and southern states of Europe ; but, north of London and Paris, some of the species require protection during winter, or to be kept in the green- house. A deep sandy soil, and a sitnation sheltered from the north and east, will suit most of the species ; though some, as M. glauca, for example, thrive best in a moist peaty soil. Few of the species ripen seeds in England, but most of them do so in France. From these seeds, or from such as are im- |)orted, all the American species, except M. grandiflora, are most frequently raised ; but the species from Asia are increased by layers, as are occasionally some of the more rare of the American species. In no case whatever woidd we recommend purchasing any species of magnolia not grown in a pot ; because plants so grown may be sent to any distance without injury to the roots, which are few and succulent, and easily damaged by exposure to the air and light. The hardy species of this genus are included in two sections, "^A'AgnoVmstrum and Gwillimirt. ^ i. Magnol\k?,ix\xm. Derivation. MagndRix; and astrum, froraarf instar, an affixed particle, signilying likeness. Serf. Chiir. American s[)ecies, with one spathe-like bractea enclosing the flower-bud ; ovaries approximate ; anthers bursting outwards. (Dou^s Mill., i. p. 83.) i 1. Magno'l/.'I grandiflo^ra L. The large-flowered Magnolia. Idtntification. Lin. Sp., 755.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 82. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 42. Synonymes. Laurel-leaved Magnolia, the large-flowered evergreen Magnolia, the Laurel Bay, big Laurel, the large Magnolia ; Laurier tulipier, Fr. in Louisiana ; Magnolie i grandes Fleurs, Fr.; grossblumigor Magnolie, or Uieberbaum (Beavcr-wood Trie), Gcr. Engravings. Mill. Ic, 2. t. 172. ; the plate in vol. v. ol' Arb. Brit. 1st edit. ; and onrfig. 34. Spec. Char., Sfc, Evergreen. Leaves oval-oblong, coriaceous, upper surface shining, under surface rusty. Flowers erect, 9 — 12 petals, exi)anding. {Dons Mill.) A large evergreen tree. North Carolina. Height in North America 60 ft. to 70 ft. ; in England 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1737. Flowers white, fragrant ; June to September. Strobile brown, with scarlet seeds ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow and orange, dropping in June. Young wooti green. Varieties. t M. g. 2 obovuta Ait. — Leaves obovate-oblong. Flowers expanded. (Hort. Kew., iii. p. 329.) This seems to be the only variety founil in a wild state. In British gardens it is a luagnificent plant, the broad ends of its leaves forming a conspicuous feature, and distin- guishing it readily from the original species, the leaves of which are pointed ; but it does not (lower freely. III. UAGtiOLTJ'CE^: MAGNOY/.^. 23 M. g. 3 exoniensis Hort, M. g, lanceolata Ait. ; M. g. stricta Hort. ; M. g. ferruginea Hort. The Exmouth Magnolia. (Bot. Mag., t. 1952. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1814.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edition, vol. v. ; and OUT Jig. 33.) — The leavea are oblong-elliptical, generally rusty 33. Magn61£a grandiflora exoniensis. underneath. Flowers somewhat contracted. This is the most distinct of all the varieties of the species, and, on account of its flowering early and freely, the one best deserving of general culture. It forms a tall, fastigiate, elegant bush, or tree, and has attained the height of 30 ft., as a standard, at various places in the South o*^ England, t M. g. 4 angusfifdlia Hort. ■ — Leaves lanceolate, pointed at both extre- mities, wavy. A very distinct variet}', introduced from Paris about 1825, which has not yet flowered in England. 1 M. g. 5 'proB'cox Andry. — Leaves oval-oblong. Flowers fully expanded. This is an early variety, introduced from Paris about 1830. The flowers are as large as those of any of the varieties, and they are produced from the end of IMay till the approach of winter. Other Varieties. In consequence of the gi'eat demand for this species in the nurseries, many slight variations have been noticed by cultivators, and named as distinct. In the garden of the London Horticultural Society, in 1834-, there were plants with the following names : — il/. g. vera, M. g. latifolia, M. g. exoniensis var., and j\I. g. rubiginosa. In the London nurse- ries are — M. g. rotundifdiia Swt., M. g. elliptica Ait., and various others. In the nursery of M. Roy, at Angers, are 18 varieties, among which are included M. g. longifolia nndiilata, M. g. exoniensis a Jieur demi-doiiblc, 21. g. canalicule, M. g. floribunda, M. g. foliis variegdtis, &c. At Desio, near Monza, there is a variety called AI. g. magordensis. Selection of Varieties. M. g. obovdta deserves the preference for the mag- nificence of its foliage; and AI. g. exoniensis, because it flowers early and freely ; and because, from the fastigiate form of the tree, it is less liable to be injui'ed by a heavy fait of snow; it seems also to grow faster than any of the other varieties. Where the tree is to be trained against a wall, ilf. j^. ^rcE Var deserves the preference, on account of the largeness of its flowers, and because they appear eai'ly, and continue during the whole summer. M. g. angustifolia deserves culture on account of its foHage, which c 4 24 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. is quite distinct from that of all the other varieties. The species sold in the nurseries as the common broad-leaved MagnoUa grandiflora is fre- quently raised from American, French, or Italian seeds ; and, hence, the plants, though tiie}' grow freely, do not flower for 20 or 30 years after beina planted out. For this reason, when it is desired to have plants of the Magnolia grandiflora wliich will flower early, those plants which have been raised by layers from flowering trees ought to have the preference ; or the Exmouth, or some other variety, should be made choice of, because the varieties are always raised irom layers. In its native country, M. grandiflora is a tree varying from 60 ft. to 100 ft., or upwards, in height; but in Europe, except in some situations in Spain and Italy, and a few in the South of England, it is chiefly to be considered as a wall tree. 34. Magnolirt grandifl^a. A deep sandy loam, dry at bottom, and enriched with vegetable mould or heath soil, seems to suit all the varieties of this species. When these are to be trained against a wall, any aspect may be chosen, except, perhaps, the north-east. To display the flowers to the greatest advantage, to a spectator walking in a direction nearly parallel to the wall, the ground plan of the latter should be curvilinear, by which means a dii'ect or front view of a considerable portion would be brought before him. In the London nur- series, propagation is generally effected by forming stools either in warm situations in the open air, to be protected during winter, or in cold-pits. The shoots are laid down in autumn, and require two years to become sufficiently rooted for separation ; they are then potted, and kept in pits or under glass during winter, and set in the open air, in a shady place, during summer, till wanted for final planting. M. grandiflora is also occa- sionally raised from American seeds. In planting, the ball should be care- fully broken by the hand, and the roots spread out in every direction, anil covered with heath mould, or a mixture of leaf mould and sandy loam. The III. M AGNOhl a' CE^: MAGNo'l/^. 25 soil ought to be made firm to the fibrous roots, not by treadiuo;, hut hv abundant watering, and, if the plant be large, by fixing with water ; that is, while the earth is being carefully put about the roots by one man, another should pour water from a pot held 6 ft. or 8 ft. above it, so that the weight of the water may wash the soil into every crevice formed by the roots, and consolidate it there. Shading will be advisable for some weeks after planting. If the Exmouth variety be chosen, layers will produce flowers in a year or two after being separated from the parent plant, if kept in pots ; but, when they are planted out, and grow freely, so as to make shoots of 2 or 3 feet every season, they will probably not flower for three or four years. Whether the tree be against a wall or trellis, or treated as a standard, all the pruning it will require, after it has begun to grow freely, will be, to cut out the stumps from which the flowers or the strobiles have dropped off, ami any dead or decaying wood, and any branches which cross and ml) on each other. Magnolias against a wall require very little protection, even when young; and this can easily be given by mulching the ground at the roots, and covering their branches with a mat, or with the fronds of the spruce fir. t 2. M. GLAu'cA L. The g\aucous-leaved Magnolia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 2. p. 755. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 42. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 82. Sy7iony?nes. M. fragrans Snlisb. ; Swamp Sassafras, Beaver-wood, white Bay, small Magnolia, Swamp Magnolia ; Magnolia glauque, Arbre de Castor, Fr. ; grauer Bieberbaum, Ger. Derivation. It is named Swamp Sassafras on account of its growing in boggy places, and resembling in qualities the Laurus Si'issnfras; and Beaver- wood, because the root is eaten as a great dainty by the beavers, and these animals are caught by means of it. It also grows in the swamps, which they Inhabit ; and Michaux tells us that it is felled by them for constructing their dens and houses, in preference to any other tree, on account of the softness of the wood. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 215. ; Sims Bot. Mag., 21G4. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and our fig. 35. Sj^ec. Char., S,-c. Almost deciduous. Leaves ellijitical, obtuse, under surface glaucous. Flower 9 — 12-petaled, contracted. Petals ovate, concave. (Don's MillJ) A shrub, or low tree, sometimes sub-evergreen. Massachusetts to Missouri in swamps. Height in America 3 ft. to 10 ft.; 6 ft. to 20 ft. in England. Introduced in 1688. Flowers white, 2 in. to 3 in. broad, very fragrant; June and September. Strobile brownish. Seeds deep scarlet; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, brovv'n, or black. Naked young wood green. 35. Magn61ia glaaca. ^^aricties. t M. glauca 2 sempervircns Hort. — Sub-evergreen, and with smaller leaves than those of the next variety. t M. glauca 3 Thompsomlm^ Thoinp. M. glauca var. « major Bot. Mag., new edition, p. 36. The plate of this in the Arb. Brit., first edition, vol. v.; and our fig. 36. — It was noticed about 1820, in a pot of seed- lings, by Mr. Thompson, in his nursery at Mile-end ; and by hiin kept distinct, and propagated under the above name. 26 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 36. Magn6Ua glallica ThompsOTitdna. Other Varieties. M. glaiica Gordomana. and M. glaiica Burchelhhwa. are names found in nurserymen's catalogues, o? varieties said to Jiave double or semi-double flowers. M. g. loiigifd/ia Pursh is supposed to be an abori- ginal variety, and sub-evergreen ; but we think it probably the same variety as M. g. Thom[)Soni««fl!, which may have come up wild in America, as well as m Mr. Thompson's nursery. i1^. g. CardonW, iM. Cardon .7. Iv7iight, is a variety imported from Beluium, where it was found by Mr. Knight of the Exotic Nursery, in the nursery of M. Cardon, after whom he has named it. A low tree, nearly evergreen in moist soils, with a slender stem, covered with a smooth whitish bark. The wood is white and spongy; the young shoots of a fine gieen. The leaves are smooth, of a bluish green on their upper surface, and whitish or glaucous and a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced in May or June, at the extremity of the last year's shoots. They have six concave white petals, and have an agreeable odour. The spike or strobile of fruits is an inch or more in length, conical, an inch in diameter in the wiliest part, and of a reddish brown colour when ripe. When the plant is in a soil supplied with moisture during the summer, it continues to produce flowers till the autumn, and retains part of its leaves all the winter : in dry situations the leaves drop off. Seeds are frequently ripened in Eng- land : they are of a bright scarlet, and they hang clown by slender white threads, as in all the other American species. The young shoots are from 1 ft. to 18 in. in length, and the plant, in ordinary circumstances, will attain the height of 12 ft. in ten years. Plants are generally raised from seeds imported from America, which should be sown in pots of bog earth about the begin- ning of March, and placed in gentle heat under glass. In a year they will be lit to transplant into small pots ; and every year the}' should be shifted into others of a larger size, till wanted for final planting out. M. glauca Thomp- sonidna, and the other varieties, are propagated by layers, which require two years to root [jroperly. i III. M AG^i ohiyi cejf:: magno l/^. 97 2 3. Magxo^l/>4 tripe'tala L. The tlirce-petaled Magnolia. Identijication. Lin. Sp , 2. p. 756. ; Michx., 3. p. 90. Synonynies. M. umbrella I.am., Noiiv. Duh., Dec. Prod., Don's Mill., Tor. Sf Gray ; M. frondftsa Salisb. ; the Umbrella Tree ; Umbrella Magnolia ; Elkwood ; Magnolie Parasol, and Arbre Parasol Fr. ; dreyblattriger Bieberbaum, dreiblattrige Magnolie, Ger. Derivatio7i. This species is called the Umbrella Tree, according to Michaux, because its leaves, which are thin, oval, entire, and acuminate at both extremities, 18 in. or 20 in. long, and Tin. or 8 in. broad, are often disposed in raj-s at the extremity of vigorous shoots; and these display a surface of 2Jft. in diameter, in the form of an umbrella. The tree is called Elkwood in the moun- tains of Virginia, probably from the resemblance which the points of the shoots bear to the horns of the elk. The French names merely signify umbrella tree, and the German ones the three- petaled beaver tree, or magnolia. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 6. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 418. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. V. ; and onrjig. 37. Spec. Char., Sfc. Deciduous. Leaves lanceolate, spreading, adult ones smooth, younger ones pubescent underneath. Petals 9 — 12, exterior ones pendent. (Don's Mi!!., i. p. 83.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Pennsyl- vania to Georgia, in moist soil. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. in America ; 15 ft. to 30 ft. in England. Introduced in 1752. Flowers white, 7 in. to 8 in. in diameter, with an unpleasant odour ; May to July. Strobiles rose- coloured, 4 in. to 5 in. long ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Naked young wood of a fine mahogany brown. MagTioItn trip^tala. This tree, both in America and Europe, is remarkable for the largeness of its leaves and its flowers. The wood is spongy, brittle, with a large pith, soft, porous, and of very little use. The bark upon the trunk is grey, smooth, and polished ; and, if cut while green, it exhales a disagi'eeable odour. In Britain the tree sends up various shoots from the root, to replace the stems, which are seldom of long duration ; so that a plant that has stood thirty or forty years in one spot has had its stems several times renewed during that period. The leaves are 18 or 20 inches long, and 7 or 8 inches broad. The flowers are 7 or 8 inches in diameter, with large white flaccid petals; they are borne on the extremities of the last year's slioots, have a languid luxurious appearance, and a sweet but heavy odour. The fruit, which is conical, is 5 or 2S ARBORETUM ET FRUTICE I UM BRITANNICUM. 6 inclies long, and about 2 in. in diameter ; it is of a beautiful rose colour, and contains usually from 50 to 60 seeds. This species is very hardy, and can withstand the most rigorous winters, when the summer has been sufficiently hot to ri[)en the wood thoroughly. As it is a short-lived tree, and conse- quently flowers early, there is not the same objection to raisinr; plants of it from seed, as there is to raising plants in that manner of M. grandiflora, which is along-lived species. The soil should be a deep, rich, sandy loam, and the situation sheltered and shaded. Exposure to the sun is injurious ; and, trained against a south wall, the plant suffers extremely. A sheltered glade in a shrubbery or wood, where the tree is sufficiently distant from others not to be injured by their roots, is the most desirable site. In the nurseries it is almost always propagated by seeds, which should be sown immediately after they are gatheretl, as when they are left exposed they become rancid and lose their vital qualities ; though, if enveloped in moist moss or earth, they may be preserved for several months. The plants should be kept in pots until required for final transplanting. t 4. M. macrophy'lla Mx. The long-leaved Magnolia. Identification. Mich. Bor. Araer., 1. p. 327. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 83. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 43. Synnnymes. Large-leaved Umbrella Tree, Amer. ; Magnbl^a Michauxij Hort. ; Magnolier k grandes FeuiUes, Magnolier bannanier, Fr.; grosseblattrige Bieberbaum, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 2189. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and OMV fig. 38. Spec. CIiar.,^c. Deciduous. Leaves very large, oblong-obovate, somewhat pandu- riform, cordate at the base, under surface whitish, glaucous. Petals 6 — 9, ovate. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. North Caro- lina and Georgia. Height 30ft. to 40ft. in America; 15ft. to 30 ft. in England. Introduced in 1800. Flowers wiiite, with a purple spot near the base of each petal: Sin. to 10 in. in diameter, fragrant; June and July. Strobile rose-coloured ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, brown, or black. Naked young wood of a whitish brown. I 58> Ma(fii61ia'niacroph>'ila. I i III. mag^jolia^cEjE : magno'lz^. 29 The general appearance of this tree greatly resembles that of Magnoliw tripetala. The terminal arrangement of the leaves is the same, and it is remarkable that m America the two trees are almost always found together. In point of size, it exceeds the M. tripetala, both in its leaves and general heiirht ; but it is seldom found higher than 35 ft., which exceeds the height of the other by a sixth part only. The body of the tree is covered with a smooth and very white bark, by which, in the winter, when stripped ot its leaves, it is readily distinguished from M. tripetala. At this season, also, it may be distinguished by its buds, which are compressed, and covered with a soft and silvery down ; whereas in M. tripetala they are prominent and rounded at the end. The leaves, in its native country, are 35 in. long, and 9 or 10 inches broad ; and in vigorous plants, in England, they sometimes even exceed these dimensions. They are borne on petioles short in com|iarison with the size of the leaves, and are of an oblong oval shape, pointed at the extremity, and cordiform at the base ; their colour is light green above, and glaucous beneath. The fruit is about-4 in. long, nearly cylindrical, and of a vivid rose- colour when arrived at maturity. Young plants of this species grow very slowlv till they are thoroughly established, which will require, in general, two years. The year's shoots may then be from 1 ft. to 2 ft. ; so that in ten years a plant may attain the height of 12 or 15 feet. It may be considered a short-lived tree, and, like all such, it comes into flower when young. It has rarely, if ever, been propagated in this country by inarching or layers, and very seldom from seeds ; and, hen<;e, the plant is very sparingly distributed. Soil, propagation, &c., as in M. tripetala. Seeds are ripened in France, and young plants imported from that country, or from North America. "t 5. M. acumina'ta L. The pointed-leaved Magnolia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 756.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80.; Don's Mill., l.p. 83. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 43. Syiu>nymes. M. rustica, and IVL pennsylvanica, of some ; tlie blue Magnolia, Eng. ; the Cucumber Tree. U. S. ; Magnolier acumine, Magnolier k Feuilles pointees, Fr. ; zugespitzer Bieberbaum, Ger.' Derivation. This species is called the Cucumber Tree, in America, from its fruit resembling a small cucumber. The other names are translations of the botanic one. Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. p. 82. t.3. ; Bot. Mag., 2427. ; and the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. V. ; and our^^. 39. Spec. Char., Sfc. Deciduous. Leaves oval, acuminate, under surface pubescent. Flowers 6 — 9-petaled. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of large size. New York to Georgia. Height in America 60 ft. to 80 ft., with the trunk 4 ft. to 5 ft. in diameter at the base ; in England 30 ft. to 50 ft. Intro- duced in 1736. Flowers yellowish within, glaucous without, slightly fra- grant; May to July. Strobile cylindrical, brownish red. Sin. long; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Wood of a mahogany brown. Varieties. i M. a. 2 Candolli Savi. — Leaves ovate oblong, acute. Flowers greenish. Figured in Savi's Bibl. Ital., p. 224. "i M. a. 3 mdvima Lodd. — Leaves much larger than those of the original species. Introduced by Messrs. Loddiges, and cultivated in different nurseries. Other Varieties. The Magnolia acuminata being frequentl}' raised from seed, and the seedlings varying much in the size of their leaves, and in the presence or absence of pubescence, both on the leaves and wood, it would be easy to select several varieties apparently as distinct as those above mentioned, such as M. striata, latifolia, &c. In the Goldworth Nursery, Woking, Surrey, are some which appear remarkably distinct. Trunk straight, branches numerous, shoots regularly distributed. The leaves are from 6 in. to 7 in. long, and ftom 3 in. to 4< in. broad, upor. old trees, but double that size upon young vigorous-growing plants. Michaux describes them as oval, entire, and very acuminate ; but, in the seedlings raised in British nurseries, they are found sometimes ovate, nearly orbiculate. 30 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 59. Magn61ta actiminiita. and cordate acuminate. The flowers are 4- or 5 inches in diameter, bhjish, and sometimes white, with a tint of yellow. They have but a feeble odour, and the petals are never fully expanded, though, as they are large and numerous, they have a fine effect in the midst of the superb foliage. Plants raised from seeds do not usually produce flowers till they are eight or ten years old, when the tree will probably be from 15 ft. to 20 ft. in height ; but plants raised from layers produce flowers in two or three years. The fruit is about 3 in. long, and nearly 1 in. in diameter. It is nearly cylindrical, and often a little larger at the summit than at the base : it is convex on one side, and concave on the other ; and, when green, it nearly resembles a young cucumber: it becomes rose-coloured when ripe; and, as in the case of the ether species, the seeds, before they drop, remain sus- pended for some time by long white threads. The woo'd of this tree is of a fine grain, and of an orange colour. A free, deep, and rather moist soil answers best for this species ; but, as it is much hardier than any of the others in this section, it will grow in almost any soil that is moderately free, and not over- charged with moisture. It is generally propagated in the London nurseries by layers, the j)lants so produced flowering much sooner than seedlings ; but the latter, as they make far more durable plants, should always be preferred when this species is used as a stock to graft or inarch others on. It is so used very generally, not only for M. auriculata and cordata, but for M. conspicua and Soulangeraa. The plants are, in some nurseries, grown in the free soil ; but it is always preferable to rear them in pots ; because, in tiiat case, they are not checked by transplanting, and at least a year is gained in their growth. "£ 6. M, (a.) corda^ta Mr, The heart-ler/vcd Magnolia. Ideniiflcation. Mich. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 328. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 83. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 43. Sf/nonymes . The heart-leaved Cucumber Tree, Amer. ; Magnolier a Feuilles en Coeur, Fr. ; heri- bliitiriger Bieberbaum, Ger. III. MAGNOL/y/Vj?^ : MAGNO'l/^. 31 Fneravings. jCg. 40. Spec. Char., Src under surface (Uoii's Mill.) on mountains. Bot Mag., t. 325. ; Bot. Cab., 474. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. : and our Deciduous. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, acute, tomeiitose, upper surface smooth. Petals 6 — 9, oblong. A deciduous tree of the middle size. Carolina to Georgia, Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. and 50 ft. in America, and 20 ft. to soft, in England. Introduced in 1800. Flowers yellow slightly streaked with red, with a disagreeable odour, seldom expanding fully ; June and July. Strobile like that of M. acuminata, but smaller ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Naked young wood hoary brown. 40. Mafrnolta cordkta. This tree, in its native country, has a trunk 12 or 15 inches in diameter, straight, and covered with a rough and deeply furrowed bark. Its leaves are from 4 in. to 6 in. in length, and from 3 in. to 5 in. wide, smooth and entire. The flowers are from 3 in. to 4 in. in diameter, and are succeeded by fruit about Sin. long, and nearly 1 in. in thickness, of a similar form to those of the preceding species. The soil, situation, propagation, &c., may be con- sidered the same as for M. acuminata ; but, as M. (a.) cordata seems, in its native country, to inhabit higher and drier localities than M. acuminata, it may probably be placed in still more exposed situations than that species in Britain. 2 7. M. AURicuLA^TA Lam. The ?Mx\c\eA-leaved Magnolia. Identification. Willd. Sp., 2. p. 12.')8. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 83. Synonymes. M. Fr&seri Walt., Tor. & Gray ; M. auricul^ris Salisb. ; Indian Physic, and long-leaved Cucumber Tree, Amer. ; Magnolier auricule, Fr. ; geohrter (eared) Bieberbaum, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1206. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and out fig. 42. Spec. Char., ^c. Deciduous. Leaves smooth, under surface somewhat glaucous, spathulately obovate, cordate at the base, with blunt approximate auricles. Sepals S, spreading. Petals 9, oblong, attenuate at the base. (Don\ Mill.) A smooth deciduous tree of the middle size. Carolina to Florida, and on the Alleghany Mountains. Height SO ft. to 40 ft. in America, and 20 ft. to 30 ft. in England. Introduced in 1786. Flowers white ; April and May. Strobile oval oblong, rose-coloured ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves of a rich yellowish brown. Naked young wood smooth, and of a - purplish mahogany colour, with small white dots. y^ariety. M. a. 2 pyramiduta. M. pyramidata Bnrtr.; M. Frason' pyramidata NiitLy Tor. S( Gray. The plate in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. v.; and 32 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM 4 1 . Magnolia auriculata pyramidata. our^^. 41. — Leaves shorter than those of the species, and the plaii. altogether weaker. It is found in the western parts of Carolina and Georgia, but only in two or three localities. Propagated by in- arching on M. auriculata, but it requires two years to adhere, and seldom makes a vigorous plant. This tree has a straight trunk 12 or 15 inches in diameter, often without branches for half its height ; the branches spread widely, and ramify but sparingly; and this circumstance, Michaux observes, gives the tree a verj' peculiar air, so that it may readily be known at a distance, even in winter. Magnolij auriculhta. The leaves are of a light green colour, of a fine texture, 8 or 12 inches long, and from 4 in. to 6 in. broad : on young and vigorous trees they are often one third, or even one half, larger. The flowers are 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a milky white, and of an agreeable odour, and are situated at the extremity of the yo.mg shoots. The fruit is oval, 3 or 4 inches long, and, like that of III. MAG-NOLI^ CE^ : MAGNO I;/^. 33 Magnolia tripetala, of a beniitiful rose colour when ripe ; it differs from those of the other species by a httle inferiority of size, and by a small a|ipendage wiiich terminates the carpels. Each carpel contains one or two seeds. The wood is soft, spongy, very light, and unfit for use. The bark is grey, and always smooth, even on the oldest trees. When the epidermis is removed, the cellular integument, by contact with the air, instantly changes from white to yellow. In England, annual shoots of young plants are from 1 ft. to 2 ft. or more in length ; and the height which the tree usually attains in 10 yeai-s is from 10ft. to 15ft. The soil for this species ought to he free and deep; and the situation low, sheltered, and moist, rather than dry. As seeds are not very easily procured, the common mode of propagation is by layers, or by inarching on M. acuminata. Two years are required before the plants can be separated from the parent stock. § ii. Gwillimm Rotf. in Dec. Syst. ! 'J\ K. Derivation. Named in hoTionr oi General Gwillim, iorae iixae governor of Madr."i8. {Don's Mill., 1. p. 83.) Sect. Char. Asiatic species, generally with two opposite spathe-like bracteas enclosing the flower-bud. Anthers bursting inwards. Ovaries somewhat distant. (Don's Ali/L) Trees or shrubs ; natives of Asia. 3; 8. M. co^sPi'cuA Salisb. The Yulan, or cor\s\yLCuo\is-floivered Magnolia. Identification. Dec. Trod., 1. p. 81. ; Don's Mill. 1., p. 83. Si/norii/mes. M. prScia Con^a ; M. Y/'./nra Desf. ; Yu Ian, Chinese; the Lily-flowered Magnolia; Magnolier Yulans, Fr. Yulans Bieberl)aum, Ger. Magnolia dai Fiori di Giglio, Hal. Drrhiaiion. The epithet precia was given to this magnolia by M. Correa, because it produces its flowers before its leaves. Yu Ian signifies the lily tree. Giglio is the Italian for a lily. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1021.; tlie plate of this species in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. v.; and our^g'. 44. Spec. Char., t^c. Deciduous. Leaves obovate, abruptly acuminated ; younger ones pubescent, expanding after the flowers. Flowers erect, 6 — 9-petaied. Styles erect. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. China. Height in China 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; in England 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers white, fragrant; February and April. Strobiles brownish ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Naked young wood ash-coloured or greyish brown. Varieties, or Hybrids. It M. c. 2 Soidangeiinii. M. Soulangeaw/7 An. Hort. Soc. Par.; JMagnolier de Soulange, Fr. (M. SoulangcrtHfl Swt. Brit. Fl.- Gard., t. 260. ; and our fg. 43.) — The leaves, wood, and general habit of this tree bear a close resemblance to those of M. conspfcua. The flowers resemble in form those of M. purpurea var. gracilis or of M. purpurea, and the petals arc slightly tinged with purple. It was raised at Fromont, near Paris, from the seeds of a plant of M. conspicua, which stood near one of M. purpurea, in front of the chateau of M. Soulange-Bodin ; the flowers of the former of which had been accidentally fecundated by the pollen of the latter. Other Varieties, cr Hybrids. M. conspicua has ripened seeds in various places ; and, as it fertilises readily with iM. purpurea and M. gracilis, m.any new varieties may be expected when the attention of cultivators is more D Magn6l7(7 consjncua Soulangertn«. 34 ARBOHETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. especial!}' directed to the subject. M. c. S. speciosn and M. c. S. Alexan- drhia are in British gardens, but tliey are not worth keeping distinct from M. c. Souhingertwa 44. Magn6iia con&picua. TIlis is a very showy tree, distinguishable from all the other magnolias of both sections, by its flowers expanding before any of the leaves. The tree assumes a regular conical shape, with a grey bark and numerous branches and twigs, which generally have a vertical, rather than a horizontal, direction. The young shoots are from 1 ft. to 18 in. in length, and the tree, in ten years, will attain the height of from 10 ft. to 15 ft., flowering the second or third year after grafting. It is nearly as hardy as the American species ; flowering freely every year, as a standard, in the neighbourhood of London, when the wood has been properly ripened during the preceding summer. A rich sandy loam seems to suit this species best ; but it will grow in any deep free soil, properly drained, and moderately enriched. The situation, when it is to be treateti as a standard, ought to be sufficiently open to admit of ripening the wood in autumn, and yet not so warm as to urge forward the flower-buds prematurely in spring, as they are very liable to be injured by frost ; from which, however, they may be protected by a very slight covering (during nights and frosty days) of gauze or bunting, stretched over the tree horizontally, and supported by posts. Against a wall, the tree shows itself in its greatest beauty; and there it can easily be protected, by a projecting coping, from the severest weather ever experienced in the neighbourhood of London. Li warm situations, sloping to the south or south-east, the tree has a fine effect planted in front of a bank of evergreens; and, indeed, wherever it is planted, evergreens should be placed near it, and, if possible, so as to form a back- ground, on account of the flowers expanding before the tree is furnished with any leaves. The species and all the varieties are propagated by layers, or by inarching on M. purpurea or on M. acuminata. When inarched on M. purpurea, the tree is comparatively dwarfed, by which it is rendered very con- venient for use as a shrub, or for growing in pots, ami forcing ; but, when it is intended to form a tree, it should either be inarched on M. acuminata, or raised from layers or seeds. It generally requires two years before the plants can be separated from the parent stock. Some plants of this species have been raised from seed ripened in Europe ; and we have no doubt that, when this magnificent tree becomes better known and more generally in demand, it will be raised in this way extensively in France and Italy, and supplied to the British nurseries from these countries. I III. MAGNOL/y/V^^ : MAGNO^LJ^. 35 ife 9. M. purpu'rea Sims. The pur[)\e-J?oive)ed Magnolia. tdontification. Sims, in Bot. Mag. Synonymes. M. obovata Tkun., and Do7i's Mill. \. p. 84. ; M. discolor Vent. ; M. denudata Lam. ; the obovate-leaved Magnolia ; Magnolier discolore Son. Jard., and Magnolie bicolore Dun., Ft. ; rotlie Bieberbaum, Ger. Engravings. Sal. Par., t. 87. ; Bot. Mag., t. 390 ; and our^^. 45. S2Jec. Char.y Sfc. Deciduous. Leaves obovate, acute, reticulately veined ; almost smooth. Flowers erect, of 3 sepals and 6 obovate petals; styles very short. {Don's j\Idl.) A deciduous shrub, with large dark green foliage. Japan. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1790. Flowers purple outside, white within ; March to May. Strobile brownish ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves black. Naked young wood greenish brown. Vaiieties. ^ M. p. 2 gracilis. M. Kobiis Dec. and G. Don ; M. tomentosa Thun. in Lin. Trans. Kaernpf. Icon., t. 42. ; Par. Lon., t. 87. — The two main points of difference between it and M. purpurea are. the paler green, and somewhat narrower shape, of the leaves ; and the longer and more slender form of the flower, the points of the petals of which are slightly turned back ; while the flower of M. purpurea is more . cup-shaped, and the petals at the points are rather turned inwards. The petals of M. gracilis are on the exterior entirely of a dark purple, whereas tiiose of M. purpurea melt off" into white at their upper extremities. A number of plants of this variety, v.hich stood in the Hammersmith Nursery as border shrubs, and flowered freely every year, were killed down to the ground in the winter of 1837-8. Other Varieties. In DeCandolle's Prodromus, and in Don's Miller, three varieties are described : M. p. denuddta Lam., distinguished by the flower- ing branches being without leaves ; M. p. discolor Vent., which is said to be rather more tender than the species; and jM. p. Mliflora Lam., the petals of which are white on both sides. These varieties were originally described by Ksmpfer ; but, as far as we know, none of them are in British gardens. Several plants of this species having been raised from seed ripened in this country, the plants may exhibit slight shades of difference, as has been the case with certain seedlings raised in the Brentford Nursery ; but, as far as we have observed, none of these are worth keeping distinct. The only variety which we consider truly distinct is M p. gracilis, considered as a species by Salisbury and other botanists, but which, we are convinced, is nothing more than a race, or a variety. At Desio, a variety has been raised which grows only l^ft. high, and which Signor Cassoretti, the garden director there, calls AT. obovata jnhnila. A deciduous shrub, attaining, in the gardens about London, the height of from 4 ft. to 8 ft. in as many years, and seldom growing much higher as a bush. The stems are numerous, but not much branched ; the leaves are large, of a very dark green ; and the plant produces a profusion of flowers, which do not expand fully till & day or two before they drop oft"; and which, unless the weather is warm, do not expand at all, but wither on the plant, and disfigure it. The flowers are large, more or less purple (according to the season, but never wholly dark purple) without, and always white within. The bark, when bruised, has an aromatic odour. A very ornamental species, which no garden ought to be without. This species is generally considered as requiring a mixturli of heath soil, or sandv l)eat, with loam , l)nt in many gardens about London it succeeds perfectly both in sand n 2 )'5. Magnolia purpurea. 36 ARBORETUaM ET FRUTICETUM BRfTANNICUM. and clay ; the latter soil being rendered free by sand, leaf mould, or manure, and drainage. The situation, when the plant is treated as a bush, ought to be open, in order that the wood may be ripened ; and the plant should be detached, in order that it may be covered with foliaae and blossoms on every side. North of London, in most situations, it requires a wall, and few plants are more deserving of one. Against a wall, it will reach the height of 15 ft. or 20 ft. In the London nurseries, it is generally propagated by layers ; but it will also strike by cuttings, both of the ripened and the herbaceous wood. The stools are generally formed in pits ; or, if in the open ground, they are covered with mats during winter. Seeds have been ripened both in Eng- land and France ; and from these piants have been raised in some few nur- series. Tlie pl-ants, whether raised from layers, cuttings, or seed, should always be kept in pots till wanted for final planting. This species often serves hs a stock for grafting the other kinds on, which belong to this section. Genus II. LIRIODE'NDRON L. The Tulip Tree. Gen. Char. Carpels 1 — 2-seeded, disposed in spikes, indehiscent, deciduous, drawn out into a wing at the apex. Calyx of 3 deciduous sej^als. Corolla of 6 petals, conniving into a bell-shaped flower. (Doit's Mill., i. p. 86.) — There is only one species ; a deciduous tree of the first rank, native of North America. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; 3-lobed, the terminal lobe emarginately truncate, the lateral ones with two sinuses. Stipules flat. Flowers terminal, solitary, greenish yellow, orange within. — The only spe- cies in British gardens is the Liriodendron Tulipifera. 1? 1. Liriode'ndron Tulipi'fera L. The Tulip-bearing Liriodendron, or Tulip Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 755. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 82. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 86. Synonynies. The Poplar, White Wood, Canoe Wood, the Tulip Tree, Amer. ; Virginian Poplar, Tulip-bearing Lily Tree, Saddle Tree, Eng. ; Tulipier de Virginie, Fr. ; Vlrginischer Tulipeer- baum, Ger. Derivation. This tree is called Liriodendron, from toV/on, a lily, and rfrnrfron, a tree ; from the flowers resembling those of a lily, though more correctly those of a tulip, as the specific name im- plies. It is called Pcplar, from its general resemblance to trees of that genus ; White Wood, from the colour of its timber ; Canoe Wood, from the use to which it is applied by the native Indians : Tulip Tree, from its tulip-like flowers; and Saddle Tree, from the form of its leaves. The French and German names are literal translations of the words Virginian tulip tree. Enfiravings. Bot. Mag., 27-5. ; Duh., tom. 3. t. 18. ; the plate in Arib. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and OUT Jig. 4G. Sj)ec. Char., S^c. Leaves smooth, truncate at the top; 4-lobed, resembling a saddle in shape. Flowers large, solitary, terminal ; variegated with green, yellow, and orange colour ; furnished with two deciduous bracteas under flowers. {Dons Mill.) A smooth deciduous tree of large size. Canada to Florida. Height 70ft. to 140 ft., and trunk 8 ft. to Oft. in diameter, in America ; 50 ft. to 90 ft. in England. Introduced in 1688. Flowers greenish yellow without, orange within ; June and July. Strobile brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves rich yellow and brown. Naked young wood smooth, and of a mahogany brown. Variety. t L. T. 2 ohfusiloba Michx., integrifolia Hort., Yellow Wood, or Yellow Poplar, has the leaves with blunter lobes than the species, but is in no other resf)cct different from it. Other Varieties. L. T. aciitifolia Michx. has never, we believe, been intro- duced. L. T. fldva Hort. has yellow flowers. As the tulip tree is almost always raised from seeds, it is j)robable that the flowers of seedlings will 111. MAGNOLi^Vi;^ : LIRIODE'NDRON. 37 vary in their shades of colour, and any desirable variation may be perpe- tuated by propagating the plant possessing it by layers or inarching. Liriodendron Tuliptfera. In the developement of its leaves, the tulip tree differs from most other trees. The leaf-buds, in general, are composed of scales closely imbricated, which, in the spring, are distended by the growth of the minute bundle of leaves that they enclose, till they finally fall off. The flowers, which are large, bril- liant, and on detached trees very numerous, are variegated with different colours, among which yellow predominates ; they have an agreeable odour, and, surrounded by the luxuriant foliage, they produce a tine effect. The fruit is composed of a great number of thin narrow scales, attached to a common axis, and forming a conical spike 2 or 3 inches in length. Each fruit contains 60 or 70 carpels; of which never more than a third, and, in some seasons, not more than seven or eight in the whole number, are matured. It is also observed, that, during ten years after it begins to yield fruit, almost all the seeds are un- productive , and that, on large trees, the seeds from the highest branches are the best. The heart, or perfect, wood of the tulip tree is yellow, approaching to a lemon colour ; and its sap, or alburnum, is white. The annual shoots of young plants, in the neighbourhood of London, are from 18 in. to 2 ft. in length ; and the tree will, in favourable circumstances, attain the height of from 15 ft. to 20 ft. in ten years ; seldom, however, flowering till it is upwards of twenty years old. The height, in England, fre(|uently exceeds 70 ft. ; and it has ripened seeds here, occasionally, from which young plants have been raised. It ripens its fruit very generally in France ; though it is observed, in the Nouveau Du Hamcl, that these seeds do not vegetate so freely as those which are imported from America. Deep, loamy, good soil best suits the tulip tree ; and the situation most favourable is one which, while it is sheltered from high winds, is, at the same time, sufficientl}' exposed to the light and air to admit of the maturation of its leaves on every side, and the perfect ripening of its wood, without which it can neither resist the severe frosts of winter, nor form blossom buds. The species is seldom, if ever, propagated otherwise than by seeds, which come up best in heath soil, very fine mould, or sandy loam, in a shady situation, kept rather moist ; but the varieties are multiplied by layers or inarching. Wh.en the seeds are sown in autumn, they generally come up the following spring ; but, sown in spring or the beginning of summer, they generally remain a year in the ground. The tulip tree, like the magnolias, having roots furnished with but few fibres, does not transplant readily ; and, therefore, the plants ought either to be keOt in pots, or, if in the free ground, transplanted in the nursery every year ; orVif neither of these modes be prac- ticable, removed to their final situation, wieii not more than two, or at most three, years old. The tree is, like the nu^nolias, not very patient of the knife, either in a young or in an old state f and, i'rom the bitter qualities of the 1) 3 38 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. leaves, it does not seem to be much attacked by insects. As tulip trees raised from seed seldom flower before they are twenty or thirty years old, it is much to be wished, that nurserymen would propagate them by grafting or inarching from flowering trees, in consequence of which the plants would probably flower the second or third year. Order IV. ANONA^CE^. Ord. Char. The distinctive characteristics of this order from that of Magno- hace/ii)cs. Menisperme, Fr. ; Mondsaame, Ger. Deriviiiion. From mene, the moon, and sperma, a seed ; from the seeds being crescent-sh.iped. Gen. Char. Sepals and petals disposed in a quaternary order, in two or three series. Male flowers with 16 to 20 stamens ; female flowers with 2 to 4 ovaries. Dmpc baccate, roundish-kidncy-shaped, 1-seeded. — Climbing shrubs natives of North America and Dauria. D 4 40 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, alternate, peltate or cordate, entire, smooth. Peduncles axillary, or supra-axillary. Male and female peduncles rather dissimilar. Flowers small, greenish white. — The species are all of the easiest culture in common soil, and are propagated by dividing the root, or by cuttings. -? 1. M. canade'nse. The Canadian Moonseed. 4ti. I\Ier.isp6r. canad^nse. 49. Menisperrr.um c^inad^nse fmilHcinum. Ident'ficntinn. Lin. Sp. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 102. ; Don'.s Mill., I. p. 112. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 48. Synonymes. M. canadc^nse var. a Lamarck ; M. angulatum Moench ; Menisperme du Canada, Bon. Jard. ; Canadischer Mondsaamo, Ger. Engravings. Schkuhr. H., 3. t. 337. ; Lam. Diet., t. 824. ; and our fig. 48. Spec. Chrir., Sfc. Leaves peltate, smoothish, somewhat cordate, roundish- angular ; angles bluntish, terminal one abruptly awned, mucronate. Ra- cemes solitary, compound. Petals 8. (Doll's Mill.) A deciduous, suffruticose, long, slender twiner. Canada to Carolina. Height 8 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1713. Flowers small, greenish yellow ; June and July. Berry black ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves greenish brown. Varielifs. A M. c. 2 lobdtum Dec. M. virginicum L. (Dill. Eirh.,t. 178. fig. 219.) — This variety is dis- tinguished by the angles of the leaves being acutish, and the flowers of a greenish white. -i M. c. 3 smildchium. M. .?milacinum Dec. (Jac. Icon., t. 269.; and our ^g. 49.) — Leaves smoother, and racemes more simple than in the species. Roots thick and woody, with numerous very slender shoots, which, though somewhat ligneous, never attain any considerable diameter, and are not of many years' duration. The stem twines in a direction contrary to the sun's apparent motion, and is smooth and even, having more the appearance of a herbaceous plant, than of a shrub. J 2. Menispe'rmuim dau^ricum Dec. The Daiirian Moonseed. Identification. Dec. Prod., 1 . p. 102.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 112. Synonymes. Trilophus Arapelisagria Fisch. ; M. canadi^nse var. S Lam. Engravings. Deless. Icon., 1. t. 100. ; and our fig. 50. Sjjcc. Char., c^-c. Leaves peltate, smooth, cor- date, angular ; angles acute, terminal one acuminated hardly mucronate. Racemes in pairs, capitulate. (Do)is Mill.) A twining, deciduous, suffruticose shrub. Dauria, on rocky hills, near the river Chilca. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 18 !8. Flowers yellowish ; June and July. Berries black ; ripe in September. Menisptjrnuin daiiricum. Resembles the preceding species, and probably only a variety of it. Genus II. i J, CO'CCULUS J?««//. The CoccuLUs. Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Hexandria. Identification. Bauh. Pin., ."ill. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 96. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 104. V. MENISPERiAIa'cE^. VI. BERBERA^CE^. 41 tiinanvmes Menisneinium i. : Wendlaiidia Willd. ; Androphilax nVnrf/. ,. , ^ ^, . DaTaUon. Y^m coccus, the' systematic name of cochineal ; which is applied to this genus on account of the greater number of the species bearing scarlet berries. Gen. Char. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order, in 2, very rarely in 3 series. Male flowers witli 6 tree stamens opposite the petals ; jemale ones with 3 or 6 carpels. Drupes baccate, 1 to 6, usually obliquely reniform, somewhat flattened, 1-seeded. Colijledons distant. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; cordate or ovate, entire or lobed. Flowers small. — The only hardy species is C. carolinus, a native of Carolina, of the same culture as Menispermum. S 1. Co'ccuLUS CAROLi'uus Dec. The Carohna Cocculus. Identification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 98. ;■ Don's Mill., 1. Synonij'mcs. Menispermum caroUnum Lin.\ Wend- landmpopulifdlia fra/rf., Pursh, at\A Dill.; AndrO- philax sc&ndens Waull. % Baumg&rt^a scandens Moench; IVKnisperme de la Caroline, Fr.; Caroli- nischer Mondsaame, Gcr. Engravings. Dil. Elth., 223. t. 178. f. 219. ; Wendl. Ohs., 3. 1. 16. ; and omjig. 51. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate or ovate, entire, obtuse, and somewhat 3-lobed ; under surface velvety pubescent. Male racemes floriferous from the base, female ones 3-flowered. (Don's Mill.) A twin- ing, deciduous, suffruticose shrub. North Carolina and Georgia. Height G ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flo\ver.s small, greenish ; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves j'ellowish or brownish. Leaves extremely variable in form, 2 in. to 4 in. long, often quite entire, but usually with several sinuated, obtuse lobes. Drupe red, as large as a small pea. 51. Cdcculus carolinus. Order VI. BEEBERA'CE^. Ord. Char, Sepals usually G, in two whorls, deciduous, and furnished with petal-like scales on the outside. The petals are equal in number with the sepals, and the stamens equal in number with the petals, and opposite to them. The anthers " open by reflexed valves ; that is to say, the face of each cell of the anther peels off except at the point, where it adheres as if it were hinged there ;" a structure so remarkable, Dr. Lindley observes, as to be " found in no European plants except BerberdcecB and the laurel tribe." (Penny Ci/c, vol. iv. p. 259.) — Bushy shrubs, which throw up numerous suckers ; natives of the temperate climates of Europe, Asia, and North America. Leaves simple or compound, alternate, generally exstipulate, deciduous or persistent ; shoots generally furnished with prickles ; the sap, and the colour of the leaves and bark, more or less yellow. Flowers generally yellow. — The genera containing species hardy in British gardens are two, Berberis and MahonJa, which are thus contradistinguished : — Be'rberis L. Petals with 2 glands on the inside of each. Stamens tooth- less. Leaves undivided. MahoV/zJ Nutt. Petals without glands. Stamens furnished with a tooth on each side. Leaves pinnate. 4-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM 13R1TANN1CUM. Genus I. BE'RBERIS L. The Bkrrerry. Lin. Syst. Hexandria Monog/nia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 442.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 105 ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 114. Synonymes. Pipperidge Cusli ; E'pine vinette, Fr. ; Berberitze, Ger. licriviition. Berberys is the Arabic word used for this plant by Averrhoes and other writers on medicine ; but some persons derive the name from the Greek word berberi. signifying a shell, from the leaves of the common species having a hollow surface. Bochart says that the word Berberis is derived from tlie Phoenician word harar, which signifies shining lilie a shell, from their shining leaves. Gerard says that the word Berbery is a corruption of amyrberis, the name given to the plant by Avicenna. Du Hamel says that Berberis is derived from an Indian word signifying mother of pearl. Pipperidge bush, or piprage tree, Gerard says, is Dr. Turner's name for the plant, and it is still given to it in Cambridgeshire. E'piue vinette signifies the; acid, or sorrel, thorn, from the taste of the fruit and leaves. Ge7i. Char. Sepals 6, guarded on the outside by 3 scales. Petals 6, with 2 glands on the inside of each. Stamens toothless. Berries 2 — 3-seeded. Seeds 2, rarely 3, laterally inserted at the base of the berries, erect, oblong, with a crustaceous coat and fleshy albumen. Cotyledons leafy, elliptical. Radicle long, capitellate at the tip. (^Don's Mill.) B. heterophjUa Juss. has toothed stamens. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; toothed or serrated, coriaceous, with numerous .small leaves produced at the axils of the larger ones, often abortive in the form of prickles. Flowers yellow. Fruit red, in some kinds black, purple or white in others. — fehrubs natives of Europe, North America, and Asia ; characterised in a general view by being crowded with suckers, and having axillary tufts of leaves and sjnnes. The species are all readily propagated by seeds which most of them ripen in England ; and also by side suckers and root suckers, which almost all of them throw up in abundance. A. Leaves thin, deciduous. Flowers solitary. jt \. B. sibi'rica Pall. The Siberian Berberry. Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. p. 42. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 117. ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 260. Si/nonymes. B. altkica Pal. ; Vinettier de Sib&rie, Fr. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Uoss., 2. t. 67. ; and our fig. 52. after Hayne, and fig. 53. after Pallas. Spec. Char., ^c. Spines 3 — 7-parted. Leaves lanceolate-obovate, ci- liately serrated. Pe- duncles 1-flowere^, shorterthan theleaves. (Do7i's Miller.) An erect deciduous shrub. Siberia, on hills and the lower mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced m 1790. Flowers yellow; May and June. Berry red ; ripe in September. 52. Birb*ris iibilici. 63. Bctberis sibirica. B. Leaves thin, mostly deciduous. Flowers in Racemes. at 2. B. vuLGA^Ris L. The common Berberry. I lentiflcation. Lin. Sp., 472. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 105. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Synonymes. B. sctnensis Presl ; if. macrocarpa of some ; Pipperidge Tree, Dr. Turner ; t'pme vinette, Fr. ; gemeine Berbcritze, Ger. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 49. ; Willd. Baum., t. 39. ; and om- fig. .54., m which a is a specimen in flower, h a specimen in fruit, c a flower of the natural size, and d a fruit of the nctural sue. VI. BERBER A CEJE : BE RBERIS. 43 Spec. Char., S(c. Spines 3-partecI. Leaves somewhat obovate, ciliately serrated. Racemes many-flowered, pendulous. Petals entire. (Don's Mill.) A spread- ing, many-stemmed, deciduous shrub. Europe, and Britain in hedges and copses, and naturalised in many parts of Asia and America. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow ; TNIay and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. Naked wood yellowish white. Fruit yellow, sometimes stone- Si B^berie vulf;aris. Varieties. ■^ B. «. 2 lutea, less. !S B. I). 3 alba. — Fruit white. B. V. ifxioldcea. — Fruit violaceous B. V. 5 piirpicrea. B. innominata Knlm. — Fruit purple; leaves narrow, hardly ciliated. ak B. V. 6 nigra. — Fruit black ; leaves oblong, ci- liately serrated, serratnres few. The fruit of this plant is said by Tournefort, who found it on the banks of the Euphrates, to be of , delicious flavour, a^ B. t). 7 didcis. — Fruit red, somewhat less acid than that of the common berberry. Leaves of a bright shining green. Native of Austria, where it was first considered to be a distinct species, till the fruit of plants raised from its seed was found to be as acid as that of the common berberry. It is now, however, propagated by la) ers ; the leaves and fruit are considerably larger than those of the species, and the fruit is found perfectly sweet and agreeable to eat. In short, this variety is to the common berberry, what the apple is to the crab. afe 'B. V. 8 aspmna. The seedless Berberry. — Fruit destitute of seeds. Miller, and also Du Hamel, both say that suckers taken from this variety commonly produce fruit with seeds ; that, as the tree grows older, the seeds become fewer, and that it is the age of the plant that at last causes the fruit to be seedless ; in that case this plant must be considered more a variation than a variety. B. v. asperma is said by Du Hamel to produce the best fruit for preserving; and it is from it that the delicious Confitures d'E'pine vinctte, for which Kouen is so celebrated, are made. (Nouv. Diih,, iv. p. 13.) B. V. 9 longifolia Booth. — Leaves longer than those of the species. B. tJ. \0 glaiica. B. glauca Booth. — Leaves glaucous. Mr. Gordon considers this plant as related to B. sibirica ; but, as it has not yet flowered in the Horticultural Society's Garden this point cannot be determined. (See Gard, Mag., vol. xvi. p. 2.) a^ B. t). 1 1 mltis. — Shoots without spines. Leaves glaucous, rather broader. Si B. V. \2 provincidlis Schrad. — Young shoots brown. Leaves and fruit as in the common berberry. All these varieties are in the London Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Varieties. Li the Horticultural Society's Garden a number of alleged species of berberries have been raised from seed, which have all proved varieties of B. vulgaris, and most of them so slight, as to be scarcely worth keeping distinct. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xvi. p. 2.) The common berberry will live for two or three centuries, without increasmg much in size. The wood is hard and brittle, of a yellow colour, and but little used except for dyeing. The rate of growth, when the plant is young, is raj)id ; and, in consequence, in five or six years it will attam tiie height of 4k 44 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 7 or 8 feet ; but it grows slowly afterwards, unless the suckers are removed from it as they are produced. It is seldom seen above 10 ft. high ; but there are examples of trees of it 30 ft. high, probably of 30 years' growth. The inner bark, both of the stems and roots, aiFords a yellow dye. The leaves are agreeably acid, and, according to Gerard, were used in his time " to season meat with, and instead of a salad, like sorrel." The berries are so acid, that birds seldom touch them. They are not eaten raw. but are excellent when preserved with sugar in syrup, or candied. They are also made into jelly and rob, both of which are not only delicious to the taste, but extremely whole- some ; and they are pickled in vinegar, when greein, as a substitute for capers. The plant is cultivated in gardens as a fruit tree or fruit shrub ; and the variety, or rather variation, in which the seeds are said to be wanting, and that in which the fruit is sweet, are recommended in preference. The plant makes an excellent hedge ; but there exists a prejudice against it among agri- culturists, from its supposed influence in producing blight, or mildew, on the corn adjoining it. This opinion is of unknown antiquity ; but it is now ge- nerally considered to be an erroneous prejudice. 3fe 3. B. (v.) EMARGiNA^TA WUld. The emixrgmate-petaled Berberry. Identification. Willd. Enum., 1. p. 395. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 105. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 115. Synonyme. Ausgerandete (serrated) Bcrberitze, Ger. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 62. ; and Q\xr figs. 55. and 56. Siiec. Char., S^c. Spines 3-parted. Leaves lanceolate-obovate, ciliately serrated. Racemes scarcely pendulous, shorter than the leaves ; petals (Do7i''s Mill.) A vs deciduous shrub. w emargmate. -yy^ Siberia, '""^'"oft. to 7 ft. Height Intro- B/rheris emarpinjita. b5' B^rbfrii emarginita. duced in 1820, Flowers yellow ; A May and June. ^ * Berries red ; ripe . in September. De- caying leaves yel- low. Naked young wood whitish yel- low. Closely resembling D. vulgaris, of which it is, doubtless, only a variety; but it is one half smaller in all its parts, and has the petals emarginate, and the leaves decidedly (,glaucous. J* 4. B. (v.) cre'tica L. The Cretan Berberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 47?.; Dec. Prod. 1. p.lOG.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Synonymes. B. cretica 6uxi- f61ia Tourn. ; Vincttier de Crete, Fr. ; Cretische Ber- beritze, Ger. \ Candian Berberry. Engravings. Fl.GrSEC.,t.242.; and our^^i. 57. and 58. Spec. Char., S^-c. Spines 3 — 5-parted. Leaves oval-oblong, entire, or somewhat serrat- ed. Racemes 3 — 8-' flowrd., rather short er than the leaves B^.-bens cuStiji Birberis rretica, Tiat.sizo. VI. BERBERA^'CEJE : BE'RBERIS. 45 (Doit's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, crowded with shoots. Crete, Candia, and, perhaps, Japan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flo wits yellow ; May and June. Berries ovate, black ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves whitish yellow. Naked young wood also whitish. The leaves are produced without any obvious order ; they are small, and in their shape they resemble those of the narrow- leaved variety of the common box. The berries are ovate, black, 2-seeded, more astringent than acid ; stigma on a very short style. ffi 5. B. (v.) crat.e'gina Dec. The Crataegus-like Berberry. Identification. Dec. Syst., 2. p. 9.; Don's Mill., l.p. 116. Eiigraving. Our Jig. .59. from a specimen in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., ^c. Spines simple. Leaves oblong, reticulated, hardly serrated. Racemes many-flowered, crowded, spreading, scarcely longer than the leaves. {Don\ Mill.) A deciduous glaucous-leaved shrub. Asia Minor. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Distinguished from all the other species, by the leaves being long, flaccid, entirely glaucous, or whitish. Young shoots brown. *9- DfyiirU craUeWna, nat. size. A plant bearing this name in the Horticultural Society's Garden is 5 ft. high, with the leaves much longer than those of B, vulgaris ; serrated, as in tWat species, and decidedly glaucous. In other respects we can see no difference. Sfe 6. B. ibe'rica Stev. The Iberian Berberry. Identification. Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. ; and Lindl., Pen. Cyc, 4, p. 61. Synonymcs. B. vulgaris ? v. iberica Dec. Si/st. 2. p. 6. ; B sinensis Wal. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 26., as B. sinensis ; and onr^fig. GO. Sjjec. Chrtr,, Sfc. Spines simple, and .3-parted ; leaves obovate- oblong, quite entire. Racemes many-flowered ; petals entire. (DoiCs Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Iberia. Height 3 ft. to 5ft. Introduced in 1790. Flowers yellow; May and June. Berries dark purple ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yel- lovvi.-,h red. Naked young wood reddish yellow. Readily distinguished from the common berberry by its smaller and smoother leaves, its red shoots, and its almost upright racemes ; and from B. sinensis by the leaves being comparatively entire. ^ 7. B. canade'nsis Mill. The Canadian Berberry. Identification. Pursh's FI. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 219. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 106. ; Don's Mill , 1. p. 115. Tor. and Gray, 1. p. .50. Synnnymes. B. vulgaris Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.. 1. p. 205.; B. vulgaris var. canadensis 'fart^w'* Mill., no. \. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 63. ; and onrfig. 61. after that author. Spec. Char.,Sfc. Branches verrucose, dotted, with short triple spines ; leaves spatulate, oblong, remotely serrate, with somewhat bristly teeth ; racemes sub-corymbose, few-flowered ; petals emarginate ; berries subglobose, or oval. (Tor. and Gray.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Georgia. Height 2ft. to 3ft., in England 5ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers yellow; 46 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves yellowish green and reddish. Naked young wood whitish yellow. Leaves much smaller and narrower than in B. vulgaris, attenuate at the base, but nearly sessile ; the margins serru- late, with 6-8 distant, often inconspicuous, nuicronate teeth. Kaceme 5-8-flowered, nodding ; flowers smaller than in B. vuli;aris ; fruit smaller and much shorter. Stern and roots yellow ; the former rarely exceeding .3 ft. in height. Found in the Alleghany Mountains, Virginia and Carolina, Tenessee, and Georda. {Tor, and Gray.) Introduced into England in 1759, but probably lost, as we have seen no plant answering this description in British gardens. ^ 8. B. sine'nsis Deaf. The Chinese Berberry. Identification. Desf. Catal. Hort. P., 150. ; Dec. Prod., l.p.lOG.: Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Srinonijme. B. vulgaris Thunb. Jap.], p. 146. Engravings. Oar figs. 62. ami 63. from a spe- cimen in Uie Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines 3-parted. Leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower ones a little tootiied. Racemes many-flowered, nodding. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub .p with slender shoots. China, ^ Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries oval, dark red ; ripe in September. Leaves smooth, sharply serrated. Decay- ing leaves of a fine yellowish red. Naked young wood reddish yel- low. The plant at the Horticultural Society's Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges's, has smooth leaves, red shoots, and closely resembles Berberis iberica, 61. E. (v.) ca ad/nsis llUbtiris sinellMS. 65. Birheris i\ninMS, nac. ilze. VI. BERBER a" CEjE : BE^RBERIS. C. Leaves leathery, evergreen, or sub-evergreen. Flowers solitary, or in Clusters. ^ 9. B. du'lcis D. Don. The sweet-fruited Berberry. Identification. Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard. ; Lindl. Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., 2d ser., t. 100. ; and ourjig. 64. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines long, slender, simple, or 3- parted. Leaves obovate obtuse, with or without a bristly point, quite entire, glaucous on the under side. Flowers solitary, on slender stalks, twice as long as the leaves. {Lindl., Pen. Cyc.,) An evergreen shrub, with shining leaves. Straits of Magellan to V^aldivia. Height 2 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers yellow ; March to June. Berries round, black, about the size of a black currant ; ripe in August. Decay- ing leaves bright yellow ; dropjjing in May and June. An elegant evergreen bush, vv'hich,in some places, has attained the height of 3 ft. The flowers are large, of a fine bright yellow, more expanded than they are in many species, and, from their long slender stalks, they '''• n'r.v™ auici.. hang down in a very graceful manner. In its native country, the fruit is used, both green and ripe, as we use gooseberries, for making [)ies and tarts and preserves, for which it is most excellent. It is quite hardy and evergreen. ji 10. B. i?uxiFo^LiA Lam. The Box-leaved Berberry. Identification. Lam. 111., t. 253. tig. 3.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 117. Engravings. I.am. 111. t. 253. fig. 3. ; and our fig. 65. Spec. Char., <^c. Spines 3-parted. Leaves ovate, or ovate- lanceolate, smooth, quite entire. Pedicels longer than the leaves, either solitary, 1-flowered, or in threes, rising from a short peduncle. (Don's Mill.} A small twisted sub-evergreen shrub. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers yellow. December to March. Berries blu- ish purple, 4-seeded. Said to be nearly allied to B. diilcis. A very valuable addition to our hardy evergreens ; though, at present, rare in British gardens. jtk 11. B. actinaca'ntha Mart. The ray-spined Berberry. Idtntification. Rcemer and Schultes, 7. p.l2.; Hook. I'ot. Mis., 3. p. 135. Engraving. Our fig. 66. Spec. Char., Sfc. S| lines palmate, 3 — 6 divisions. Leaves ovate elliptic, rigid, coriaceous, toothed, mucronate. Pe- duncles 4 — 3, sub-umbellate, shorter than the leaves. An evergreen shrub, with numerous spreading branches, and long white spines, generally in threes, but sometimes more numerous. Straits of Magellan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced ? 1830. Flowers deep yellow, a little larger than those of B. vul- garis ; May and June. Fruit ?. A very desirable species, nearly allied to B. heterophylla. Our engraving is of a specimen taken from a very handsome plant in the rich collection of evergreens at Elvaston Castle. Dr. Hooker mentions a variety with smaller leaves than the species, but it docs not appear to be introduced. Quite hardy. Be'rbens Auxifolia. Bfyheris actinacintha. 48 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, 12. B. heterophy'lla Jus. The various-leaved Berberr}' Don's S. heterophyUa. Identification. Juss. in Poir. Diet., 8.p. 622. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108 Mill., I. p. 117.; Lindl., Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Symmynies. B. jlicifolia Font. ; B. triscupidata Smil>i. Engravings. Hook. Exot. Fl., 1. 1. 14. ; and oar fig. 67. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines 3-partecl. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, some of them entire, others furnished with 3 pungent teeth. Pedicels solitary, l-flo\vered, hardly longer than the leaves. Filaments toothed. (Don^s Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Straits of Magellan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers orange yellow ; May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves greenish yellow; June and July. Much branched, and the older branches covered with dark wrinkled bark. The leaves clustered, and of two kinds; the old ones terminated with a sharp spinose point, and having a lateral spinule on each side above the middle, and the younger ones being pale green, unarmed, and having their margins entire and softish. The old leaves are also quite rigid, dark green, and shining. jt 13. B. .EMPETRiFO^LiA Lam. The Empetrum-leaved Berbeny. Identification. Lara. 111., t. 2.53.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 107.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 117. ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Engravings. Lam. 111., 1.2.53. fig.4.; Sw.Brit.Fl.-Gar., 2. s. t. 350.; and oar figM. Sj^ec. Char., Sfc. Spines 3-parted. Leaves linear, quite entire, with revolute margins. Pedicels 1 — 2, 1-flowered. (D'm^s Mill.) An elegant, decumbent, evergreen bush. Cordilleras of Chili in subalpine woods. Height 1ft. to 2 ft. Intro- duced in 1830. Flowers yellow ; December to March. Ber- ries ? yellow ; ripe in July. Wood reddish brown. Branches slender, twiggy, angular, covered with a chestnut- coloured bark. Leaves fasciculate, linear, mucronate, revolute, and entire at the margins, glaucous ; about half an inch long, and nearly a line in breadth. Flowers large, spreading. A very curious and pretty plant, in general aspect much more like \ ' ' a heath than a berberry. It is perfectly hardy, and deserves ^'^- ^- ""peuifdiia. a place in every collection. It is readily increased by laj'ers, in heath soil. D. Leaves leathery, evergreen or sub-evergreen. Flowers in Racemes. St 14. B. dealba'ta Lindl. The whitened-Zeawa Berberry. ' Identification. Bot. Res., t. 1750. ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Synonytne. B. glatica Hort. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1750. ; and owr fig. 69. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines scarcely any. Leaves roundish, coarsely toothed, rather glaucous, white beneath. Ra- cemes very short and compact, pendulous. {Pen. Cijc.) An upright evergreen bush, with white or glaucous leaves. Mexico. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented ; December to March. Berries yellowish purple ; ripe in August. A tall, slender, evergreen bush, with deep brown branches, and scarcely any spines. The leaves are some- times wedse-shaped and 3-toothed, but more frequently nearly round, with two or three spiny teeth on every side. A cu'i-ious and beautiful species, well deserving of cul- tivation. It is quite hardy, and readily increased by lavers. which root the same season that thev are made. VI. BERBERA CEJE : BE RBERIS. 49 afc 15. B. asia'tica Roxb. The Asiatic Berberry. Identification. Roxb. in Dec. Syst., 2. p. 13. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 107. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 116 ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. . Synonymes. The Lyciura of Dioscoridcs, Royle in Linn. Trans., xvii. p.83. ; B. tinctOna Lech. ; the Raisin Berberry, Pen. Cyc. Engravings. Deless. Icon, sel., 2. t. 1.; and uarjif;. 70. Spec. Char., ^fc. Spines trifid, or simple. Leaves oval, cuncated or ellip- tical, mucronate, smooth, under surface glaucous, entire or spinuloseiy toothed. Racemes short, many-flowered, corymbose, shorter than the leaves. Pedicels elongated, one- flowered. Berries oval. {Dous Mill.) A vigorous- ly growing sub-evergreen shrub, crowded with nume- rous luxuriant -suckers. Ne- pal, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries purplish, with a fine bloom ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves yellow and red. Leaves somewhat resem- bling those of B. heterophylla, but not glaucous. The plant is easily distinguished from that species by the very short racemes of its flowers, by their being produced much earlier, and by the smoothness of its shoots. On July 20. 1837, a fine plant of B. asiatica, in the grounds at Syon, was covered with fruit, while one of B. aristata, standing close beside it, was covered with its beautiful rich yellow blossoms, many of which were not fully expanded. The fruit is oblong, pinkish or purplish, wrinkled, and covered with a fine thick bloom like that of the best raisins. The plants in 5 or 6 years attain the height of 6 or 8 ibet. ^ 16. B. arista'ta Dec. The hnstX&d-tooth-leaved Berberry. ^1 B^rberit asi&tica. Idenlification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. IC6. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Synonymes. B. CMtria Buch. ; B. angustif6lia Roxb. ; B. sinensis Desf- t. Reg., t. 729. ; and our/ig. 71 Engravings. Hook. Exot. Flor., t. 98. ; Bot. Spec. Char., Sfc. Lower spines 3-parted, simple; leaves obovate-acute, tapering much to the base, ending in a mucro (prickly point) at the apex, membranous, smooth on both sides, ser- rated, with 4 or 3 bristly teeth. Racemes nodding, many-flowered, longer than the leaves. Berries oblong. (Don's Mi/L) A vigorous-growing sub-evergreen shrub, crowd- ed with suckers which sometimes grow 8 ft. to 9ft. long in a season. Nepal, on mountains 5000ft. to 8000 ft. of elevation. Height 6ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yel- low; June and July. Berries purplish, with a fine bloom ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellow and scarlet. Naked youuT wood yellowish brown. Very distinct from any of the preceding species or varieties, growing with extraordinary vigour, and capable of being formed into a very handsome small D&beris aristkta. 50 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. tree. The root and wood are of a dark yellow colour, and form the yellow wood of Persian authors ; they are used as a dye, and, being bitter and a little astringent, they, as well as the bark, are employed in medicine. (Rot/fe's Elust., p. 63.) In Nepal, the fruit of this species is dried, like grapes for forming raisins, in the sun. A most desirable plant, calculated to produce a splendid effect, both when in flower and when in fruit, upon an open lawn. As a rapid grower, it ought not to be planted near slow-growing shrubs oi trees. Other Species of Berberis. — B. Coridrta Royle, a species having the same general appearance as B. aristata, has been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and there are plants 3 ft. high, but they have not yet flow- ered. Plants have been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in some nurseries, from seeds received from Mexico and Nepal ; but, though these have new names, it is not certain that they will all prove new species, and therefore we consider it better not to record them till they have flow- ered. In Hook. Bot. Mis. vol. iii., B. clulensis Gill., B. ruscifd/ia Lam., B. corymbosa Hook, et Arn., B. glomerdta Hook, et Arn., and B. Grevil/ekna. Gill., are described, or mentioned, as having been found in South America, and Dr. Hooker has specimens of them in his herbarium. Numerous varieties of Berberis vulgaris are raised in the London gardens, under continental names, as if they were species, but very few of them are worth keeping distinct. See in Gard, Mag. for 18-iO, p. 1., Mr. Gordon's Report on those raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1839. Genus II. L MAHO^N/zl Nutt. The Mahonia, or Ash Berberry. Lin. Syst. Hexandria Monogjnia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 307. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., p. 117. Synonymrs. Berberis oi aaiVtors, \ Odostfemon /Ja/. ; Ash Berberry Prn. Cyc/. Derivation. Named by Nuttall in honour of Bernard iVilahon, a seedsman at Philadelphia, the author of the American Gardener^ s Calendar, and an ardent lover of botanical science. Gen. Char. Sepals 6, guarded on the outside by three scales. Petals 6, with- out glands on the inside. Stamens furnished with a tooth .on each side at top of the filament. Bernes 3 — 9-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, pinnate, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; the leaflets coriaceous, with the margins toothed or .serrated. Flowers yellow. Fruit mostly black. — Natives of the north-west coast of America, and also of Nepal, and perhaps Japan. t Though some botanists think that the characters ascribed to this genus, and those ascribed to Berberis, as exhibited in p. 41., are not sufficient to keep them separate as genera ; yet the habits of the species of one, as to the mode of growth, foliage, and inflorescence, are so distinct from those of the other, as to induce us to adopt the genus Mah6ni«. The species in British gardens are all of comparatively slow growth, and admit but of slow multiplication by layers, which require to remain on two years, and scarcely at all by cuttings. Some of them, however, seed freely, and are readily propagated in this way. The seeds of all the species of Mahdn/A, and also of those of Berberis, if sown immediately after they are ripe, and protected through the winter from frost, will come up the following spring. • ]. M. FASCicuLA^Ris Dec. The crowded-rac«?(erf Mahonia, or Ash Berberry. Identification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., 1. p 118. Synonymes. Bt'r/ieris \nnn:it3. I^ag., But. Beg., Bot. Mag., ami Tor. ^- Gray ; B. fascicularis Pen. Cyc. In the same work it is stated that Mahijni'a diversifftlia is the same as this species ; though it is figured and described by Sweet, as a species from Monte Video: see Swt. Br. Fl.-Gar., 2d senes, t. 56. Et^ravings. liot. Reg., t. 702. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2396. ; and oury^. 72. VI. nERBF.RA CEJE : MAHO N/^. 51 Mahbm'a fasclcul^ls. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves, of 3 — 6 pairs with an odd one, the lowest pair near the base of the petiole. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, ra- ther distant, one- nerved, spiny-toothed, with 4 or 3 teeth on each side. Racemes nearly erect, much crowded. Filaments hk\QVit&te. {Don's Mil.) An upright evergreen shrub. California and Mexico, on mountains. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow ; Mar. to May. Berries pur- ple ; ripe in September, Decaying leaves rich yellow ; drop in June. Very handsome. " Per- haps the most showy of all the family." (Hook.) It is readily distinguished, even at a distance, from the other mahonias, by the glaucous green and subdued tone of colour of its leaves ; those of all the others being of a darker green, and more or less shining. The plant is rather too tender to be treated as a detached bush, unless some slight protection be given to it during very severe frosts ; but it will grow freely against a wall with scarcely any protection. Layers and seeds. • 2. M. JquifoYium Nutt. The Holly-leaved Mahonia, or Ask Bei-herrj). Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 212. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 118. Synonyme. Berberis Jquif61iura Ph., Pen. Cyc., and Tor. S; Gray. Engravings. Pursh. Fl. Araer. Sept. 1. 1. 4. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1425.; and our fig. 73. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves of 4 pairs of leaflets with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the base of the petiole ; leaflets ovate, ap- proximate, cordate at the base, one-nerved, spiny-toothed, with 9 or 6 teeth on each side. Ra- cemes erect, and much crowded. Filaments bidentate. (D.'s Mill.) A shining evergreen shrub. New Albion to Nootka Sound, Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. in its native country, probably 10 ft. in England. In- troduced in 1823. Flowers yel- low ; April and May. Berries purple ; ripe in September. Varieties. One variety, M. A. nut- kanuvi Dec, is mentioned by De Candolle ; and another, found at the junction of the Portage river with the Columbia, by G. Don. Torrey and Gray consider Mahonia repens and M. pinnata Menzies as only varieties of this species ; an inad- vertence excusable in those who have not seen the plants in a living state. E 2 73. Malionta v4quifb!iuiii 52 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. One of the handsomest of evergreen shrubs, attaining the height of 6 ft. in 6 years, quite hardy, producing a profusion of bunches of yellow flowers during April and May. In its native country it grows in rich vegetable soil, among rocks, or in woods, where it forms a thick and rich undergrowth. According to Dr. Lindley, it is " perhaps the handsomest hardy evergreen we yet possess. Its foliage is of a rich, deep, shining green, becoming purple in the winter; it bears fruit in some abundance, which consists of clusters of roundish black berries, having their surface covered with a rich violet bloom. It most resembles M. fascicularis, from which its large shining leaves at once distinguish it." {Penny Cyc.,\s. p. 262.) Layers and seeds. tt. 3. M. NERVO^SA Null. The nerved-/ea«erf Mahonia, or Ash Berberry, Identification. Niitt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 212.; Don's Mill., 1. p.ll8. Si/nonymcs. Bcrlieris nervdsa Ph., and Tor. Sf Gray ; Mahbnf'a glum^- cea Dec; Berberis glumkcoa Fen. Ci/c. Etiji ravings. Pursh Fl. Amer., 1. t. 5. ; Bot. Reg., t. 14^6. ; and our fiS- 74. Spec. Char., (^c. Leaves of 5 — 6 pairs, with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the petiole ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, and re- motely spiny-toothed,some- what 3 — 5-nerved, with 12 or 14 teeth on each side. Racemes elongated. Fila- ments bidentate. {Dent's Mill.) An evergreen un- dershrub. North-west of N. America, on the river Columbia, in shady pine woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. in 1822. Flowers yellow ; October to March blue ; ripe in July. According to Torrey and Gray, the stem is so low, that it often scarcely rises from the ground, and, indeed, is much shorter than the leaves, which are 1 ft. to 2 ft. in length. Eacemes spi- cate, often 6in. to Sin. long. Flowers larger than in M. yJquifolium. The pe- tioles of the leaves. Dr. Lindley says, " are jointed at every pair of leaflets, in the manner of a bamboo stem." The plant is hardy, and will thrive in a siiady border of peat soil. One of the handsomest of undershiubs. a- 4. M. re' PENS G. Dan. The creeping-roo/ff/ Mahonia, or Ash Berberry. Identification. G. Don, in Loud. Hort. Brit., No. 28182.; and in Don's Mil!., 1. p. 118. Synonymes. Berl>cris ^quifSlium I.indl. Bot. Keg., t. 1176. ; Berberis rfipens I'en. Ci/c. iv. p. 2G2. ; B. /iquifblium var. rfepens tor. ^ Gia,t/..\. p. fiO. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 117G. ; and our fig. 75. Mahonia nervosa. Berries roundish, glaucous purple, or deep Spec. Char., Src Leaflets 2- Mah6n7a ri-.pens. 3 pairs, with an odd one, roundish ovate, opnque. VII. CRUciA^CEiE : te'lla. 53 spiny-toot'ied. Racemes diffuse. Root creeping. Filaments bidentate. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen undershrub. West coast of N. America, on the Rocky Mountains. Height 1 it. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers yellow; April and ]\lay. Berries purplish black; ripe in September. Variefi/. m AT. r. 2 repens-fasciculdris. — Habit of M. fascicularis, with larger and more robust foliage, resembling that of J\J. repens. A sport, or a hybrid, produced accidentally in the Sawbridgeworth Nursery. The shoots consist chiefly of short unbranched suckers, with the leaves some- what glaucous on both surfaces. The racemes of flowers are terminal, nume- rous, fascicled, diffuse, rising from scaly buds. The plant, in British gardens, is perfectly hardy, and produces a profusion of rich yellow flowers in April and May. Layers or suckers; but it does not root readily. Seeds are sometimes produced. Other Species of Mahoma are no doubt in British gardens ; but as they have been only raised lately from Nepal or Mexican seeds, nothing can be recorded of them with that degree of certainty and detail which is suit- able for this work. Mahoma. lemdfoUa, a Mexican species with pinnate leaves, and entire quite smooth leaflets, on very long slender footstalks, has been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and may probably be as hardy as M. fascicularis ; but this is uncertain. M. nepalensis, M, acanthi- folia, M. tragacanthoides, and M. caraganEe/o/ifl, are said to be very desirable species. Section II. Carpella solitary, or connate ; Placenta paneial (that Part of the Capsule which the Seeds are attached to adhering to the Sides or Walls of the Ovarii or Ger- men), attached to the Walls or Celk of the Ovary. Order VII. CRUCIA^CE^. Ord. Char. The order Cruciacese is readily recognised by the cruciform arransjement of the petals, which are always tour, in conjunction with tetra- dynamous stamens, and the fruit a silique or silicle. — Though there are several species which, technically considered, are ligneous plants, such as ^lyssum saxatile, iberis sempervirens, Cheiranthus C'heiri, and some others; yet, in a popular point of view, the only shrub included in the order is the Telia Pseudo-(7\ tisus. Genus I. FE'LLA L. The Vella. Lin. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Derivation. The word Telia is Latinised from the word velar, the Celtic name of the cress. Gen. Char. Stamens the 4 longer in 2 pairs, the 2 of each pair grown together. Style ovate, flat, tongue-shaped, at the tip of the silicle. Silicle ovate, com- pressed, its valves concave. Partition elliptic. Cotyledons folded, the enibryo root disposed in the sinus of the fold. {Dec. Syst.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; toothed or serrated, glaucous. Flowers in axillary spikes, yellow, seldom succeeded by seed pods in the climate of London. — Shrub low, suffruticose, native of Spain. E .3 54 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. e. 1. Fe'lla Pseu^do-Cy'tisus i^. Fa!se-Cytisus,o;.s^rMMj/, Cress-Rocket. Identification. Lin. Sp. 895. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 223. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 254. Synotujmes. VkW^ integrif51ia Sal. ; Faux-cytise, Fr. ; strjuchartige (shrubby) Velle, Ger. Engravings. Cav. Ic, 1. 42. ; and our^^. 76. Sj^ec. Char., Sfc. Petals jellow, with long daik purple claws. Larger stamens perfectly con- nate by pairs. (Dons Alill.) A low sul)- evergreen shrub. Spain, on calcareous hills. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1759. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Silique greenish yellow ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves yellow. Branches arched, spreading, somewhat decum- bent. Leaves glaucous green. Somewhat ten- der, but requires no protection in the climate of London, when planted on dry soil. It is a short-lived plant, like all the sufFruticose Cru- ciferee, but it may readily be renewed b}' cuttings or seeds. 76. raia Pseiido-CJtisus. Order VIII. CISTA^GEvE. Ord. Char. Sepals 5, two of them being exterior. Petals 5, very fugitive. Stamens numerous. Fruit capsular, 3 — 5-valved, 3 — 10-celled, with pari- etal placentae. E7nbri/o inverted. Properties balsamic. (Lmdl.) Leaves simple, opposite or alternate (the lowest leaves always oppo- site), stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen; generally pubes- cent, pubescence simple or stellate. Flowers large, showy, white, red, or purple. — Shrubs low, suffrutescent, many subherbaceous ; natives of Europe and Africa. The Cistaceze have no medical properties ; but the resinous balsamic sub- stance called ladanum or labdanum is produced from C. creticus, C. lada- niferus, C. /aurifolius, and one or two other species. Their use in gardens is for ornamenting rockwork, or for keeping in pits during the winter, and planting out in flower-borders in spring ; as, from the tenderness of the finer species, they are unfit for a permanent place in a shrubbery or arboretum. Most of even the larger-growing kinds require some protection during winter : but they will all grow freely in any soil that is dry ; and they are readily propagated by seeds, which, in fine seasons, they produce in abundance, or by cuttings; the plants, in both cases, flowering ^the second year. Though easily propagated, the Cistaceas do not readily bear transplanting, having very few fibres, and these rambling to a great distance from the main root. Plants for sale ought, therefore, to be always kept in pots; and, in the winter season, they should be protected by some slight covering during severe weather. The hardy ligneous species are included in two genera ; which ai'e thus contradistinguished by DeCandolle and G, Don : — Ci'sTUs L. Capsule 10 — 5-celled. Helia'nthemum Town. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved. Genus I. .«K_ crSTUS L. The Cistus, or Rock Rose. Lm. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. Derivation. From the Greek word kiste, a box or capsule, or the Anglo-Saxon, cist, a hollow VIII. CISTACE^: CI STUS. 55 vessel ; on account of the sliape of its capsules. In Martyn's Miller, the name Is said to be derived from that of the youtli Cistus, whose story is to be found in Cassianus Bassus. Others derive it from kis, a worm or weevil. f ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. — I L t*- -^ I %rr HELIA'NTHEMUM. The Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Lin. 'S^st. Polyandria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., 248. t. 128. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 2G6. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 301. Synonymes. dsti species of Lin. ; Heliantheme Sonnen Gurtel, Ger. ; Eliantemo, Ital. IJerivation. From helios. the sun, and anthemon. a flower ; l)ecause the flowers open with the rising of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helianthemum, as well as of Cistus, only last for a few hours when the sun shines ; and if the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the flowers do not open, but remain unexpanded. Should this continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3 — 5 sepals jttlie two outer usually smaller than the inner ones, rarely larger. Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight, sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary triquetrous. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds angular, smooth. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, sub-ever- green ; 3-nerved or feather -nerved. Flowers axillary or terminal. Pedicels usually furnished with bracteas at the base. — Shrubs or subshrubs, low, prostrate, resembling herbaceous plants ; natives of Europe ; and of the easiest culture in any common soil. t- 1. H. vuLGA^RE G(Brt. The common Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Gaert Fruct., 1. p. 371. t. 76. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Synonyme. t'istus Heli&nthemum Lin. Sp. 1. p. 744., Sm. Engl. Bot. 1321., Curt. El. Land. -5. t. 36. Engravings Eng. Bot., 1. 1321. ; and our fig. 84. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched, branches elongated. Leaves scarcely revolute at the margins ; under surface cinereously hoary ; upper surface green, pilose, somewhat ciliated. Lower leaves somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones oblong. Stipules oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves. Racemes loose. Pedicels and calyxes pilose. (Don^s Mill.) A procumbent sub-evergreen under- shrub. Europe and Britain, in dry and hilly pastures. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; May to September. Varieties. There is a very handsome double-fiowered variety, with pale yellow flowers ; and another, called Lee's new double yellow, with dark yellow flowers ; both of which are in general cultivation in the nurseries. De CandoUe also notices two forms of the species : one with tomentose pubescent branches, **• H.vuigarc. and stipules scarcely longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; and another with branches glabrous at the base, but pubescent upwards, and the stipules twice or thrice the length of the petioles of the leaves. The stamens, if touched during sunshine, spread slowly, and lie down upon the petals. (Smith.) "A very variable species," even in a wild state ; and, in gardens, many beautiful varieties, single and double, have been originated from it l)y cross fecundation with Continental helianthemums, and perhaps with cistuses. jU 2. H. (v.) surrejaVum Alill. The Sur- rey Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. M'nfification. Mill. Diet., No. 15. ; Swt. Cist., t. 28. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Synonyme. Cistus surrejanus Lin. Sp. 743., SmitVs Eng. Hot. Engravings Dill. Elth., 177. t. 14.5. f. 174.; Swt. Cist., t. 28. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2207. j and our fig. 85. Spec. Char., <$-c. Stem suffruticose, procum- bent. Leaves ovate oblong, rather pilose. Racemes many-flowered, terminal. Pe- ss. Heiiinthcmum surrejam. VIII. cistaVejE : helia'nthemum. 59 H. jerpyUifolium. tals narrow, lanceolate, jagged. (Don's Mill.) A procumbent, sub-ever- green, sufFruticose, undershrub. Britain, in Surrey, near Croydon. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow, with the petals distinct, and the calyxes pilose ; July to October. t~ 3. H. (v.) SERPYLLiFO^LiuM Mill. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Helianthe- mum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Mill. Diet. No. 8. ; Don's Mil!., 1. p. 311. Synanyme. Cistus serpylliftilius Lin. Sp. 743. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 60. ; and our fig. 86. Spec. Char. ,S^c. Stem sufFruticose. Branches ascend- ent, glabrous at the base, and pilose at the apex. Leaves oblong-elliptical, with revolute margins ; under surface hoary-tomentose ; upper surface intensely green, shining, at first rather pilose, afterwards almost smooth. Stipules and bracteas green, ciliated. Ca- lyxes canescent, with inconspicuous down, and with the nerves sparingly pilose, (Dons Mill.) A trailing, sub-evergreen, sufFruticose undershrub. Alps of Styria and Austria, and in Britain, in Somersetshire. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1731 ; dis- covered in England in 1826. Flowers large, yellow, with the petals distinct; May to September. fu 4. H. (v.) grandiflo'rum Dec. The large-flowered Helianthemunt, or Sun Rose. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 821. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Synonyme. Cistus grandifl&rus Scop. Cam. ed. 2. No. C48. t. 25. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 69. ; Scop. Cain., ed. 2. t. 25. ; and our fig. 87. Sj>ec. Char., Sfc. Stem sufFruticose, ascending. Branches hair\ . Upper leaves flattish, oblong, rather pilose; upjjer surface green, under surface sometimes pale cinereous. Stijjules ciliated, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Flowers large. Calyxes rather hairy. (Don's Alill.) A neat, little, bushy, sub-evergreen, sufFruticose undershrub, bearing a close resemblance to H. vulgare, but larger in all its parts. Pyrenees. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers large, pale yellow ; June to August. H, grandiflbnim . s~ 5. H. (v.) tau'ricum Fisch. The Taurian Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Fisch. MSS.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 312. Engravings. Swt. Cist., 105.; and our fig. 88. Spec. Char., (^c. Stem suffruticose, much branched, pro- cumbent. Branches procumbent, beset with long hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with rather revolute margins, pilose on both surfaces, green above, and paler beneath. Stipules lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than the petiole. Flowers large. Calyx shining, rather hairy. Petals imbri- cate. (Don's Ami.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suffruti- cose undershrub. Tauria. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers large, pale yellow ; May to October. Resembles H. grandiflorum ; but difFers from it in the branches spreading flat on the ground, and extending to a great distance. !U 6. H. (v ) APENNiNUM Dec. The Apennine Helianthe- mum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 824 ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 313. Synonymes. Cistus apenninus Lin. Sp. 744.?, Dill. Elth. 170.; Cistus hls- pidus /3 Lam. Diet. 2. p. 26. ; Erba bottoncina, Ital. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 62.; and out fig. 89. 8'j. it. a^r^-iiium H. tadricum. 60 AllBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 90. H. macrKnthum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem siiffriiticose, branched. Branches spreading, hoary tomentose. Leaves stalked, oblong linear, with the margins scarcely revo- hite; under surface tomentose, upper surface glaiicescent, but at length becoming smooth. Stipules awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Calyxes covered with very short hairs, striated, cinereously glaucous, blnntish. (Don^s Alill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, sufFruticose, under- shruh. Germany and Italy, on dry hills and places exposed to the sun. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers white, with the petals distinct, and marked with yellow at their base ; May to August. *~ 7. H. (v.) macra'nthum Swt. The large-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Don's Mill., 1. p. 313. Engrauings. Swt. Cist., t. 103.; and ourfig. 90. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stem sufFruticose. Branches procum- bent, rather tomentose. Leaves flat, ovate oblong, acutish ; smooth above, and densely tomentose beneath ; pale cinereous. Stipules rather pilose; about equal to, or longer than, the petioles. Calyx stri- ated, pilose. Petals distinct. (^Don's Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, sufFruticose undershrub. Originated in gardens. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Cultivated in 1828. Flowers larger than in any other species ; cream-coloured white, with the petals distinct, spreading, and very slender at the base, where they are marked with yel- low ; May to August. ly^^^ Variety. j^ U H.m. 2 ini'dtiplex (Swt. Cist., t. 104'.; and our jfg.91.) yi. h. m. mutipiex. is a beautiful plant, not only on aci'ount of its fine double flowers, but of its habit of growth. It ought to be in every cistacetum. t~ 8. H. (v ) cane'scens Swt. The canescent-/eat>ed HeHanthemura, or Sun Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. .51. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 313. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 51. ; and our fig. 92. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem sufFruticose, branched, difFuse. Branches ascending, rather tomentose, canescent. Leaves flat, or hardly revolute at the margins ; under surface tomentosely hoary, upper surface greenish glaucous. Lower leaves ovate oblong, obtuse; upper ones lanceolate, acute. Stipules linear, ciliated, somewhat longer than the footstalks. Calyxes smoothish, but with the nerves pubescent. Petals imbricated. (Don^s Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, sufFruticose undershrub. Originated in gardens. Height f) in. to 1 foot. Cultivated in 1826. Flowers reddish crimson; May to August. A splendid plant, with reddish crimson flowers ; the petals imiiricated, and having a small orange spot at the base of each. Sweet considers it as having the darkest-coloured, if not the handsomest, flowers of the genus. The flowers are also, he says, very large tor the size of the plant. It is nearly related to H. rhodanthum, but is readily distinguished from it by its canescent leaves, and stronger habit of growth. t^ 9. H. (v.) HYSsoPiFo\ivM Tenore. The Hyssop-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification Tenor. Syn. Fl. Noap., p. 48. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 314. 9'.i. H. caneicenj. VTII. CISTACEjE: helia nthemum. 61 Origi- Flowers ripe in Spec. Char., ^c. Stem sufFruticose, ascending. Branches liairy-tomentose. Lower leaves oval -, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, green on both surfaces, flat, hairy. Calyxes hairy. Petals imbricate. (Don's AIill.) A sub- evergreen sufFruticose undershrub, with the branches ascending, nated in gardens. Height 1 ft. to \\ ft. Cultivated in 18^7. variable from saffion to red ; May to August. Capsule brown September. Varying considerably by culture. Varieties. iu H. h.. \ crocdtinn (Swt. Cist., t. 92.) has flowers saffron-coloured, with more or less of a ferrugineous tint, and may represent the species. «~ i7. h. 2 citpreum (Swt. Cist., t. 58.) has. flowers of a reddish copper-colour. 9~ H. \i. Z multiplex (Swt. Cist., t. 72. ; and our Jig. 93.) has double flowers, of a reddish copper-colour. All the three forms of this variety are splendid plants; they are hardy, of luxuriant growth, flower- ing freely, and of the easiest culture, either in pots or on banks of light sandy soil, covered with flints or stones. The flowers of the copper-coloured va- '■'^- "■ ''•' '■y^°piR'"""'- riety, and also the leaves, are larger than those of the two other kinds. The double-flowered variety appears to be of a more upright habit of growth, and not quite so robust as the others. -Hi 10. H. SCABRO^SUM Pers. The rough Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 76. ; Brot. Fl. Lus., 2. p. 265. ; Don's Mill., i. p. 302. fiynonyme. Cistus scabrosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 236. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 81. ; and our fig. 94. Spec. Char., Sf-c. Erectish. Branches pilosely to- mentose, scabrous, canescent. Leaves sessile, tapering to the base, oblong-ovate, acutish, roughish, 3-nerved, with waved revolute margins ; upper surface green, under surface clothed with grey tomentum. Peduncles terminal, 1 — 2-flow- ered, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 3-sepaled, hairy. Petals distinct. (Don's Mill.) A sub-ever- green erect undershrub. Portugal. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1775. Flowers rich yellow ; June to August. Capsule brown ; ripe in Sept. Differs from most other species of Helianthemum, in growing erect. It forms a very handsome littlebush, but it requires a sheltered situation, and a dry soil. H. bcabiosum. Many other Kinds of Helianthemuvis described in Sweet's CistinecB are, perhaps, as hardy as those we have selected ; but it would be of little use giving them here, the greater part having been lost during the winter of 1837-8. In the first edition of this Arboretum 99 species are described, besides varieties. Sup- posing a cultivator about to form a collection of Cistacese, we should attach much less importance to his being able to procure all the sorts of Cistus and Helianthemum described in Sweet's Cistinece, than to his obtaining all the sorts easily procurable, whatever names they might pass under, and cross-fecunda- ting them so as to produce new forms. There can be no doubt whatever that the sorts of both the genera Cistus and Helianthemum might, by cross-fe- cundation, be increased ad injinitum ; and, considering their very great beauty as border and rockwork shrubs, we think they merit the attention of culti- vators at least as much as many florist's flowers. 6-2 AUBORETUM ET FHUTTCETUM BRITANNICUM. Section III. Ovanum solitary ; Placenta central. {The Column in the Fruit to which the Seeds are attached central, and not adhering to the Side as in Section II.} Order IX. MALVA^CEtE. Ord. Char. Calyx with a valvate aestivation, mostly with an involucre. Sta- mens with the filaments monaclelphous, and the anthers 1-celled. Pubes- cence starry. (Liiidl.) — Trees or shrubs, deciduous, natives of warm climates. Leaves siniple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; more or less divided. Hairs stellate, axillary. Flowers on peduncles, large, showy. — The only genus containing hardy species is i/ibiscus. .The genus La\ater« contains some species which have an arborescent appearance, but which are in fact only suffrutescent biennials or triennials. Genus I. //IBI'SCUS L. The Hibiscus. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Polvandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 846. ; Dec. Prod , 1. p. 446. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 476. ' Synonymes. Ketmie, Fr. ; Eibisch, Ger. ; Ibisco, Ital. Dcrivntiim. The word hibiskos is one of tiie names given by the Greeks to the mallow. The /TiMscus of Pliny appears to be an umbelliferous plant ; while that of Virgil is a plant with pliant branches, which was made into baskets. The word //ibiscus is supposed by some to be derived from ibis, a stork, which is said to feed on some of the species. Ketmie (Fr.) is derived from Kitniia, the name given to the genus by Toumefort. Eibisch is the German aboriginal word for the mallow. Gen. Char. Calyx encompassed by a many-leaved, rarely by a few-leaved, in- volucel, or one with its leaves connate. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into a 5-celled 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, rarely 1-seeded. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; variously lobed and toothed, generally ovate-wedge-shaped. Flowers pedunculate, large, showy. — The only hardy ligneous species is H. syriacus. ^ I. H. sYRi^ACus L, The Syrian Hibiscus, or Althcea Frutex. Identification. Lin. Sp., 978. ; Dec, Prod., 1 . p. 448. ; Don's Mill., 1. 478. Syno7ii/mes. Ketmie des Jardins, Fr. ; Syrischer Eibisch, Ger. Derivation. It is called Althffia from the resemblance of its flowers to those of the v41thEe"a rbsea. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 3. t. 69. f. 1. ; Bot. Mag., t. 83. ; and our Jig. ^5. Spec. Char., &c. Stem unarmed, arboreous. Leaves ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-!obed, toothed. Pedicels hardly longer than the leaves. Involucel 6 — 7-leaved. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Syria and Carniola. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers large, single or double, white, red, purple, or variegated ; August and September. Capsule greenish brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked wood white One of our most ornamental hardy shrubs, of which there are the following varieties : — 95. /fibiscus sj-n.-^cus. ^ H. s. ^ H. s. SH. s. ai H. s. at H. s. ^ H. s. ,^H. s. 2 foliis variegdtis. — Leaves variegated. 3 Jlore varirgdto. — Flowers variegated. 4 ^ore purpiireo. — Flowers purple. 3 Jlore jmrpureo plcno. — Flowers double, purple. Q flore rubra. — Flowers red. 1 fibre dlho. — Flowers white. 5 fibre dlbo plcno. — Flowers double, white. IX. MALVA^CEM. X. TlLIA^EiE. 63 Branches numerous, upright, white-barked ; their general character being rather fastigiate than spreading. Leaves variously lobed ; flowers axillary, large, and bell-shaped. Conspicuously ornamental ; and the more valuable, because it produces its flowers at a time of the year when few shrubs are in bloom. It forms beautiful garden hedges ; more especially v»hen the different sorts are planted m a harmonious order of succession, according to their colours ; and when the plants are not clipped, but carefully pruned with the knife. In the colder parts of Britain, and in the north of Germany, few ornamental shrubs better deserve being planted against a wall. It will grow in almost any soil not too wet ; but, like all the -Malvaceae, seems to prefer one which is sandy, deep, and rich, rather than poor. An open airy situation, where it will ripen its wood, is essential. The single-flowered varieties are propagated by seed, which come up true to their respective colours ; and the double-flowered varieties are propagated by layers, by grafting on the common sorts, and sometimes by cuttings of the ripened wood, planted in sand in autumn, and covered with a hand-glass during the winter. Order X. TILIA^CE^. Okd. Char. Sepals 4 or 5, with a valvate aestivation, mostly without an invo- lucre. Petals 4 or 5, or rarely not any. Stamens hypogynous, generally numerous, with filaments separate, and anthers 2- celled. Mostly glands between the petals and ovarium. Ovari/ and fruit single, of 4 — 10 carpels grown together ; cells in the fruit, at least in some, not so many as the carpels. (Lindlet/.) — Trees and shrubs chiefly from warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; cordate. Flowers panicled, yellowish, fragrant, with an oblong bractea united to the common stalk. Capsule downy. — The only genus which is perfectly hardy is niia ; native of Europe and North America. Genus I. ±1 n'LIA L. The Lime Tree. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Monogjnia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 660. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 512. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 552. Synonymes. Line Tree, Gerard ; Lind, Anglo-Sax. ; Tilleul, Fr. ; Bast-holtz, Ger. ; Linde, Ger.- and Dutch ; Tiglia, Ital. ; Tilo, Span. ; Lipa, Russ. Derivation. In London and Muse's Retired Gardener the name of T'ilia is derived from the Greek word ptilon, a feather, from the feathery appearance of the bracteas ; but others derive it from the Greek word tilai, light bodies floating in the air like wool or feathers. Tilleul is from tailler, either because the tree bears pruning well, or the wood may be easily carved. Bast-holtz is literally bark wood, in allusion to the use of the bark, in forming mats. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 3. Stamens numerous, free, or some- what polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, I-styled, 3-celled ; cells 2- ovuled. Nut coriaceous, 1-celled, 1 — 2-seeded, from abortion. (Don's Mill., i. p. 540.) — Timber trees, with a tough fibrous bark, large deciduous leaves, mellifluous flowers, and a remarkable bractea attached to the pe- duncle of each of the cymes of flowers. Natives of Europe and North America. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; cordate. — The species are three, according to some ; and more than twice that number, according to others. Our opinion is, that they may be all included under two, T. europas^a and T. americana. t 1. r. EUROP^^A Z. The European, or co7HTOon, Lime Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. 733. ; Don's Mill., I. p. .'i52. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 3. p. 16. Synonymes. T. intermedia Dec. Prod. I. 513. ; or T. vulgaris Bayne Dend. ; T. europa^a boreill* 01 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 96. niia enropEB^a. Spec. Char., Sfc. Petals without scales. Leaves cordate, acuminated, ser- rated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles. Cymes many- flowered. Fruit coriaceous, downy. (Don's Mill.) A large deciduous tree. Europe, and Britain in some aboriginal woods. Height 60 ft. to 90 ft. Flowers yellowish white; August and September. Fruit yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, or yellowish brown. Naked young wood reddish, or yellowish brown. Varieties. The extensive distribution and long cultivation of this tree in Europe have given rise to the following varieties, or races, described by most botanists as species : — A. Varieties differing in respect to Foliage, S T. e. 1 parvifolia. T. microphylla Vent., Willd., Dec., and G. Don ; T. e. var. y L. ; T. ?dmif61ia Scop. • T. sylvestris Desf. ; T. parvifolia Ehrh., Hai/nc Dend. ; T. cordata Mdl. ; Tilleul a petites Feuilles Fr.; kleinbliittrige Linde, or Winterlinde, 6^«-. (Willd. Holzart, t. 106.; Engl. Bot., t. 1705.; and our /g. 97.) — Leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated ; smooth above, glaucous and bearded beneath on the axils of the veins, as well as in hairy blotches. Fruit rather globose, hardly ribbed, very thin and brittle. Native of Europe, ,^^. in sub-mountainous woods ; in England, frequent 't-fc^ in Essex and Sussex, This variety is distinguish- ' " able, at first sight, from all the others, by the smallness of its leaves, which are only about 2 in, broad, and sometimes scarcely longer than their slender footstalks. The flowers are also much smaller than in any of the other varieties ; they expand later ; and they are very fragrant, having a scent like those of the honeysuckle There was, in 1834, a subvariety of this in the garden of the Hort Soc, under the name of T. parvifolia glauca. •? T. e. 2 grandifolia. T. platyphylla Scop.; T. cordifolia Bess. ; T europse^a Desf.; T. grandifolia Ehrh. and Smith; broad-leaved downy Lime Tree; Tilleul a grandes Feuilles, or Tilleul de IIol- T. microphylla. X. 2'iLiA CE^ : ti'lia. 66 lande, Fr. (Vent. Diss., p. 6. t. 1. f. 2. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our Jig. 98.) — Leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneath ; origin of their veins woolly. Branches hairy. Cymes 3-flo\vered. Fruit woody, downy, turbinate, with 5 prominent angles. This tree is readily distinguished from T. e. parvifolia by its much larger and rougher leaves, and, also, by its rougher bark and hispid branches. T. e. 3 ijitennedia. T. intermedia Hayne ; T. platyphylla minor Hort. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. v.; and our fig. 99.) — Leaves intermediate between T. e. grandifolia 99. rflia europje'a intennMia. and T. e. parvifolia. This variety is the most common in Britain ; T. e. grandifolia in the South of Europe ; and T. e. parvifolia in the North of Europe, and especially in Sweden. T. e. 4 lacinidta. T. platyphylla laciniata Hort. ; T. asplenifolia nova Hort. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edition, vol. v. ; and our fig. 100.) — Leaves deeply and irregularly cut and twisted, scarcely two on the tree being alike. Apparently a subvariety of T. e. par- vifolia. Height 20 or 30 feet. m ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 100. Tdia europse^a lacini^ta. B. Varieties differing in the Colour of the young Shoots. Each of the varieties included in Division A may have subvarieties dif- fering in the colour of the young wood ; but we shall only notice those in general cultivation. T T. e. 5 rubra. T. corinthiaca Bosc ; T. corallina Hort. Kew. ; T. europag'a fi rubra Sibthorp ; T. europae^a y Smith's Flor. Brit. 571. ; T. grandifolia /3 Smith's Eng. Flora, 3. 19. — Young shoots of a bright red ; apparently a variety of T. e. intermedia. If T. e. 6 parvifdiia aurea. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit. vol. v. ; and our ^g. 101.)— Young shoots of a rich yellow. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. 101. riliaparvif61ia aorca. t I.e. 1 grandifolia aurea. — Twigs of a fine yellow. Leaves large. Tree 60 ft. to 80 ft. Oth£r Varieties. There is a variety with variegated leaves, but it is such a X. tilia'ce^ : n'LiA. 67 ragged ill-looking plant that we deem it altogether unworthy of culture. Host, in his Flora Anstriaca, has the following names, which he considers as species : T. z^itifolia ; cor} lifolia ; grandifolia Sm. ; corallina, syn. europae^a Hook. Lond. ; mutabilis ; late bracte;\ta ; praeVox ; pyramidalis ; inter- media ; tenuifolia; obliqua; europse^a iS'm. ; parvifolia Sm.; argentea, syn. alba JVa/dd. et Kit. Icon. t. 3. {Fl. Aiis., vol. ii. p. 59—63.) The wood of the lime tree is of a pale yellow or white, close-grained, soft, light, and smooth, and not attacked by insects. It weighs, per cubic foot, when green, 55 lb. ; half-dry, 45 lb. ; and dry, 37 lb. ; and it loses a third part of its weight, and a fourth part of its bulk, by drying. {Baudrill.) It is used by pianoforte-makers for .sounding-boards, and by cabinet-makers for a variety of purposes. It is carved into toys, and turned into domestic utensils of various kinds, and into small boxes for the apothecaries. The most elegant use to which it is applied is for ornamental carving, for which it is superior to every other wood. This wood is said to make excellent charcoal for gun- powder ; even better than alder, and nearly as good as hazel. Baskets and cradles were formerly made from the twigs ; and shoemakers and glovers are said to prefer planks of lime tree for cutting the finer kinds of leather upon. The leaves of the lime tree, in common with those of the elm and the poplar, were used, both in a dried and in a green state, for feeding cattle, by the Ro- mans ; and they are still collected for the same purpose in Sweden, Norway, Carniola, and Switzerland. One of the most important uses of the lime tree, in the North of Europe, is that of supplying material for ropes and bast mats ; the latter of which enter extensively into European commerce. The Russian peasants weave the bark of the young shoots for the upper parts of their shoes, the outer bark serves for the soles ; and they also make of it, tied together with strips of the inner bark, baskets and boxes for domestic purposes. The outer bark of old trees supplies them, like that of the birch, with tiles for covering their cottages. Ropes are still made from the bark of the tree in Cornwall, and in some parts of Devonshire. The fishermen of Sweden make nets for catching fish of the fibres of the inner bark, separated, by maceration, so as to form a kind of flax ; and the shepherds of Carniola weave a coarse cloth of it, which serves them for .heir ordinary clothing. The sap of the lime tree, drawn off in spring, and evaporated, affords a considerable quantity of sugar. The honey produced by the flowers is considered superior to all other kinds for its delicacy. London and Wise recommended the lime tree, as preferable to the elm, for sheltering gardens or orchards ; because the roots do not, like those of the elm, spread out and impoverish all around them. A deep and rather light soil is recommended ; but the largest trees are ge- nerally found in a good loamy soil. In dry situations, the lime never attains a large size, and it loses its leaves earlier than any other tree. Being a tree of the plains, rather than of the mountains, it doe? not appear suitable for ex- posed surfaces : but it requires a pure air rather than otherwise ; for, though, it is found in towns on tiic Continent, and sparingly so in Britain, the smoke of mineral coal seems more injurious to it than it is to the platanus, the elm or some other trees. It is seldom propagated otherwise than by layers, which are made in the nurseries in autumn and winter ; and which become rooted, so as to admit of being taken off, in a year. The tree in Britain appears sel- dom to ripen its seeds. 1 2. T. (eur.) a'lba Waldst. 8^ Kit. The white-leaved European Lime Tree. Identification. Waldst. and Kit. PI. Hung.; Don's Mill. 1. p. ."^53. Synonymes. T. americana T)u Roi ; T. argentea Dcsf., Dec. Cat. Hort. Monsp., and Dec. Prod. 1. p. 513.; T. rotundifblia Vent, and A^. Du Ham. ; T. tomentbsa ilcencli. Engravings. Waldst. and Kit. PI. Hung., l.t. 3. ; Wats. Dend., t. 71.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. V. ; and our fig. 102. Spec. Char., S^c. Petals each with a scale at the base inside. Leaves cordate, somewhat acuminated, and rather unequal at the base, serrated, clothed with white down beneath, but smooth above, 4 times longer than the petioles. Fruit ovate, with 5 obscure ribs. (Doll's Milt.) Fruit evidently ribbed. F 2 68 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 102. rilia alba. {Steven.) Host says that he has always found the calyx 6-sepaled, and the corolla 12-petaled. A large tree. Hungary. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. In- troduced in 1767. Flowers yellowish white, very fragrant ; June to August. Fruit yellow ; ri[)e in October. Our own opinion is, that this is nothing more than a very distinct race of the common lime ; notwithstanding the circumstance of its having scales to its petals, which no one of the other varieties of T, eiu'opae^a is said to possess. Even allowing this sti'urture to be permanent in the Hungarian lime, the tree bears such a general resemblance to T, eiu'opas^i in all its main features, that it seems to us impossible to doubt the identity of their origin. We are strengthened in this opinion by the circumstance of its being found only in isolated stations in the Hungarian forests. We have, however, placed this lime by itself, rather than among the other varieties ; because, from the white- ness of its foliage, it is far more obviously distinct than T. e. grandifolia or T. e. parvifolia. The tree is at once distinguishable!' from all the other species and varieties by this white appearance, even at a considerable distance, and by the strikingly snowy hue of its leaves when they are ruffled by the wind. Its wood and shoots resemble those of the common lime; but it does not attain the same height as that tree. i 3. T. america\\a L. The American Lime Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 733. ; Hort. Kew. ; Willd. Spec; Tor. and Gray. Synoriymes. T. glabra /V'«<. ; T. caroliniana JF(r«!frnA. ; 7". canadensis jWcAnwj: ; 7". glabra Dfr., Hnync's Dendi- , and Don's Mil!. ; the smooth leaved, or black. Lime Tree, and Bass Wood, Amer. Ungravings. Vent. Diss., t. 2. ; Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 1,34. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our Jig. \0^i. Spec. Char., S^c, Petals each with a scale at the base, inside. Leaves pro- foundly cordate, abruptly acuminate, sharply serrated, somewhat coriaceous, smooth. Petals truncate and crenate at the apex, equal in length to the style. Fruit ovate, somewhat ribbed. (Doit's Mill.) A large tree. Canada, Virginia, and (Jeorgia. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. in America ; in England 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellowish white ; July and August. Fruit the size of a large pea, yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood dark brown. X. tilia'ce^ : ri'LiA. 69 Varieties. Those which we shall give as such are described in the Flora of Torrey and Gray as species ; but with the following remark, which we think fully justifies us in not considering tliem more specifically distinct than the different alleged species of the Euro[)ean lime. " There is great uncertainty respecting the synonymes. Indeed, nearly all the characters which have been employed for distinguishing them. are either inconstant, or are common to them all. A careful examination of the flowers in the living plants may afford more certain marks of discrimination." f T. a. 2 heteroj)lijlla. T. heterophylla Vent., Pursh, Dec. Prod., Tor. Sf Gray. — A tree of 30 ft. to 50 ft. high, found on the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi, and introduced in 181 1. Leaves glabrous and deep green above, very white and velvety tomentose beneath ; the veins dark-coloured, and nearly glabrous, with coarse mucronate ser- rature?^. Petals obtuse, crenulate. Staminodia spatulate, entire. Style hairy at the base. (To;-, and Gray, \. p. 240.) Leaves 4 in. to 8 in, in diameter, very oblique, and more or less cordate, with a short abrupt acumination ; somewhat shining above : the veins on the under surface very conspicuous, in contrast with the white pu- bescence. Cyme few-flowered, loose. St}le longer than the petals. (Ibid.) t T. a. 3 alha. T. alba Michx., Tor. Sf Gray; T. laxiflora Pursh. (The Dlate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st ed., vol. v. ; and owe fig. 103.^ — A 103. Sraia americkna ftlba. large tree in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellowish white, very pale ; June. Leaves 3 in. to 4 in. in diameter, with a short abrupt acumination, cordate, somewhat unequal at the base ; the under surface rather thinly pubescent, very pale, but scarcely white. Staminodia (scales) two thirds the length of the petals. Filaments slightly pentadel- phous. (^Tor. and Gray, i. p. 240.) We have only seen this tree in the H. S., where, 10 years planted, it was about 10 ft. high in 1837. T. a. i ptibescens. T. pubescens Ait., Vent., Tor. ^ Gray. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st ed., vol. v. ; and our fig. 104.) — A large tree found in Carolina and Florida, along the sea coast. Height 50ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1726, Flowers pale yellow; June, Leaves 3 in. to 4 in. in diameter ; the under surface, when young, rather paler than the upper, but at length nearly the same colour; serratures broad and short. (Tor. and Gray, i, p, 240.) F 3 70 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 101. rflia americhna pub^scens. On a general view of the trees, the most obvious external differential cha- racteristics of the European and American limes appear to us to be, that the former have regularly cordate, and the latter obliquely cordate, leaves. The other American limes we consider to be nothing more than varieties of this species. Layers. These trees only thrive in warm sheltered situations. The American lime is readily distinguished from the European limes by the largeness of its leaves, which are 3 in. to 4 in. wide, heart-shaped, acutely lOS. Tilla uncrlc&na. pointed, coarsely and mucronately serrated, deep green and glabrous on their upper sides, and pale green beneath. Some of them have a tendency to be slightly pubescent ; but they are generally smooth and shining. In winter, this species is readily recognised by the robust appearance of the trunk and branches, and by the dark-brown colour of the bark on the young shoots. This circumstance alone is a very marked distinction ; and has, no doubt, pro- cured for the species the name of the black lime tree. XI. TERNSTROM/^Y'iJ/E: MALACHODE'nDHOX. 71 Other American Limes. — T. p. leptoph^lla Vent, is mentioned by Torrcy and Gray as having the leaves very thin and papyraceous. There were in ISS-l other varieties in the H. S. G., but the |)lants had not attained sufficient size to enable us to state any thing with certainty respecting them. All the sjiecies and varieties of American limes are delicate in this country ; they arc readily injured by spring frosts, but, where they thrive, are readily distinguished from other limes by their very large cordate leaves, and rough bark, even on the young wood. Some of the oldest and largest American limes in England are in Gatton Park, Surrey, near the lake ; and at Croome, near Upton upon Severn. There is an old tree, also, at Purser's Cross, Fulham ; and a re- markably handsome young tree at White Knights. Order XI. TERNSTROM/^^CE^. Ord. Char. Calyx with an imbricate aestivation. Stamens with filaments monadelphous or polyadelphous, and anthers 2-celled to 4-celled. — Trees and shrubs of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; mostly coriaceous, now and then with pellucid dots. Flowers axillary, large, showy. — The hardy genera ui British gardens are Malachodendron, Stu- krtia, and Gordonia ; which are thus contradistinguished : — Malachodf/ndron Cav. Calyx unibracteate. Styles free. Carpels capsular, 5, connected. Stua'rt/^ Cav. Sepals connected, bibracteate. Style 1. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds wingless. GoRDoV/^ Ellis. Sepals distinct. Style 1. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds winged. Genus I. MALACHODE'NDRON Cav. The Malachodendron. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Polyandria. Identification. Cav. Diss., 5. p. 502. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 572. Synonymes. Stuart/a L'Herit. ; Stewart;a L. Derivation. From malakos, soft, and dendron, a tree ; in allusion, perhaps, to the quality of the timber ; or, possibly, from the flowers resembling those of the mallow, the Greek name for which is malache. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with two bracteas at the base. Petals 5, with a crenulate limb. Ovary 3-furrovved. Styles 5, unconnected. Stigmas capitate. Carpels 5, capsular, connected, 1-seeded. Seeds unknown. (Don's Mill.) — A deciduous shrub or low tree; native of North America. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous. Flowers axillary, so- litary, large, showy. i at 1. Malachode'ndronova^tum Cau. The ovate-Zeaw^ Malachodendron. Identification. Cav., 1. c. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 272. Synonymes. Stuartm pentag^nia UHirit. ; Stewarti'a Malachodendron Mill. ; Stewartia K cinq Styles, Fr. Engravings. Smith's Exot. Bot., t. 101.; N. Du Ham. vol. vi. t. 44.; Bot. Reg., t. 1104.; and our fig. 106. of a plant in flower, and^g^. 107. of a shoot from a stool. Sjiec. Char.y Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminated. Flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile. Petals waved, cut, of a pale cream-colour. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous tree ; in England, a large shrub. North Carolina to Georgia. Height F 4 72 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 7 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1795. Flowers bro wood dark brown. The soil in which it is generally grown is a mixture of loam and peat, in which the latter prevails ; but, in the Mile End Nursery, it shoots vigorously, and flowers freely, in deep sandy loam. The situation should be sheltered ; and shaded rather than otherwise. The usual mode of pro- pagation is by layers ; and the stools are sometimes protected, during winter, by mats. 106. M. ovatum. M. ovatUin. Genus II. STUA'RT/yi Cav. The Stuartia. Lin. St/st. Monadelphia Pentandria. Itlenfification. Cav. Diss., 5. p. 393. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 5'28. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. Derination. Named in honour of John Sluart, Marquess of Bute, the patron of Sir John Hil!,and a distinguished promoter of botanical science. Ge7i. Char, Calyx permanent, 5-cleft, rarely 5-parted, furnished with two brac- teas at the base. Petals 5. Ovary roundish. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a capitate 5-iobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celledl, 5-valved ; cells 1 — 2- seeded. Seeds wingless, ovate, even. (Don's jllill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; ovate, acute. Floivers axillary, solitary, large. — A deciduous shrub, or low tree, native of North America. ^ 1. Stua'rt/^ virgi'nica Cav. The Virginian Stuartia. Identification. Dec. Prod , 1. p. 528. ; Don's Mill., 1 p. .573. Si/nony7nes. Stewart/a Malachodendron Lin. Sp., 982.; Stu&rtm marilandlca Bot. Rep. ; Stewartia a un Style, Fr. ; eingriffliche (one-styled) Sluartie, Ger. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. -503. ; Bot. Rep., t. 397. ; and our fig. 108. of a plant in flower, and fig. 109. of a shoot from a stool. 108. Stu&rtia virginica. 109. Stuartia virginica. Spec. Char.., Sfc. Flowers large, white, with purple filaments and blue anthers, usually in pairs. Leaves ovate, acute. Petals entire. {Doris Mill.) A deciduous shrub Virginia to Carolina, in swamps. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. XI. TEnjfJSTnoMiA CEJE : gordoW^. 73 Introduced in 1742. Flowers large, white ; July to September, Capsules brownish ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves reddish brown. Naked young wood dark brown. The general appearance of the plant is the same as that of the preceding genus; but it forms a smaller bush, and the foliage lias a redder hue. The flowers are of the same size, wliite, with crisped petals, purple filaments, and blue anthers. This plant is not so extensively cultivated as the other, from its being more tender, and of somewhat slower growth ; but its beautv, and the lircnnistance of its flowering from .July to September, when but few trees or shrubs are in blossom, render it desirable for every collection. It thrives best in a peat soil, kept moist ; but it will also grow in deep moist sand. Layers. Genus III. GORDO' N7/1 Ellis. The Gordonia. Polyandria. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Identification. Ellis, in Phil. Trans., 1770. ; Dec. Prod. 1. p. 528. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 573. Derivation. Named in honour of James Gordon, a celebrated nurseryman at Mile End, near London, who corresponded with Limisus. Ge7z. Char. Calyx oi 5 rounded coriaceous sepals. Petals 5, somewhat adnate to the urceolns of the stamens. S/i//e crowned by a peltate 5-lobed stigma. Capsules 5-celletl, 5-vaIved ; cells 2 — 4-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing fi.xed to the central column, filiform. (Don's Mi//.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen or deciduous ; serrated or nearly entire. F/oiccrs axillary (or terminal), solitary, large. — Trees or shrubs, sub-evergreen or deciduous; natives of North America. ^ « 1. GoRDO^NlA Lasia'nthus L. The woolly-flowered Gordonia, or Loblo/li/ Bay. Identification. Lin. Mant., 570. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. ; Tor. and Gray. 1. p. 223. Syiniiinnes. //j-pericum LasiSnthus Lin. Sp. 1101., Cntesb. Carol. 1. t. 44., Pluk. Amalth. t.352. ; Gordonia SFeiiilles glabres, and Alcce de la Floride, Fr. ; laiigstielige Gordonie, Ger. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 171. ; Bot. Mag., t. 668. ; and our Jig. 1 10. Spec. Char., Sfc. Pedicels axillary, usually shorter than the leaves. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, smooth, serrated. Calyx silky. Capsules conoid, acu- minated. {Don'' s Mill.) A sub-evergreen tree; in England a shrub, deciduous in dry soils, but retain- ing its leaves in warm moist situations. Virginia to Florida, in swamps. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. in Ame- rica ; 8 ft. to 10 ft. in Enuland. Introduced in 1739. Flowers white, 4 in. across, scented; July and August. Cajjsule oval, brownish ; ripe in September. Trunk straight. This mo.st beautifully flowering plant well deserves to have a suitable soil prepared for it, and to be treated with more care after it is planted than it appears to have hitherto received in England. The soil ought to be peat, or leaf-mould and sand ; and it should be so circumstanced as always to be kept moist, seeds. a 2. G. pube'scens UHer. The pubescent Gordonia. L'Her. Stirp., p. 156. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 528. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 573. ; Tor. and Gray. 1 10. Gordonia I.asitinthus. Layers or American Identification 1. p. 223. Synonymes. Z,acath6a fl6rida Sal. Par. Lond. t. 56. ; Frankllnjo amevicina Marsh linia, Amer. ; behaarte Gordonie, Ger. Engravings. Sal. Flor. Lond., t. 56. ; Michx.,t. 59. ; and our.^g-. 111. the Frank- 74 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETLM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers almost sessile. Leaves obovate- lanceolate, pubescent beneath, somewhat serrated, membranaceous. Petals and sepals rather silky on the outside. (^Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree in America, in Britain a shrub. Georgia and Florida. Height in America 30 ft. to 50 ft. ; in England i ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1774. Flowers large, white, fragrant, 3 in. across, with yellow filaments ; May to August. Capsule globose, brownish ; ripe in October. Somewhat hardier than the preceding species, but requiring the same general treatment. 111. Gordonm pub^scens. Order XII. i^YPERICA^CE^. Ord. Char. Sepals 4 or 3, unequal, with an imbricate asstivation. Stamens, in neai'ly all, numerous, and in 3 or more parcels. Fruit, a capsule or berry of many valves and many cells ; the edges of the valves curved inwards. Seeds attached to a placenta in the axis, or on the inner edge of the dissepiments. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; entire, co- piously dotted with immersed, pellucid, resinous glands. Flowers terminal or axillary, generally yellow. Sap yellow, resinous. — Shrubs, natives of Europe, North America, and Asia. The genera in British gardens are two, which are thus contradistinguished : — i/vPE'RicuM L. Capsule membranous. Stamens polyadelphous. ^NDROs.«\'auM Chois. Capsule baccate. Stamens monadelphous. Genus I. i/YPE'RICUM L. The St. John's Wort. Lfw. 5^5^ Polyadelph. Polyand. Identification. Lin. Gen., 392. ; Juss., 2.5.5. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 543. ; Don's Mill., l.p. 601. Synonymes. Fuga Djeraonum ; Mille Pertuis, Fr. ; Johanniskraut, Gfr. ; Iperico, /;«/. Derivations. The name of Hypericum is as old as the time of Dioscorides ; but its origin and mean- ing are uncertain. Some derive it from the Greek words huper. under, and eikon, an image ; and suppose it to signify that the upper part of the flower represents a figure. Others state that huper signifies through, and that the name alludes to the pellucid dots in'the leaves, which form small lenses, through which, when held up to the light, images might be seen. The French name of the plant, Mille Pertuis, a thousand pores, is evidently derived from the same source. The English name, St. John's Wort, and the German one, Johanniskraut, are taken from the country people formerly, both in England and Germany, being in the habit of gathering this plant on St. John's day, to use it to protect themselves from evil spirits. This plant, with some others, was emplojed to make what was called John's fire, which was supposed to be a security, for those who kindled it, against witchcraft and all attacks of demons. For this reason, also, the ifypericum received the name of Fuga Da;monum. Gen. Char. Capsules membranous. Stamens numerous, free or joined at the bases into 3 or 5 bundles. Petals 5. Sepals 5, more or less connected at the base, unequal, rarely equal. Sti/les 3 to 5, rarely connate in one, permanent. Capsule 1- or many-celled, many- seeded, 3 — 5-valved. Integu- ment of seed double. Embryo with the radicle situated at the umbilicus, and with semicylindrical cotyledons. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, sub-evergreen or deciduous; ovate- oblong or lanceolate, sessile or subsessile, usually full of pellucid dots on their disks, and some dark ones on their edges, lodging an essential oil. Flowers terminal, racemose, yellow. — Low sub-evergreen shrubs; natives of Europe, North America, and Asia ; of easy culture in common soil ; and propagated by division, suckers, cuttings, or seeds. XJI. i/YPERICAVEiE : //YPE'rICUM. § i. Ascyreia Chois. Prod. Hyp. 7ft 112. Hypericum elatum. 2. /T. HiRCi^NUM L. The Goat-scented St. John's Wort. , Park., and Derivation, From o, not, and skuros, hard ; that is to say, plants soft to the touch. Sect. Char. Sepals connected at the base, and unequal. Stamens numerous. Styles 3 to 5. Flowers terminal, large, few, sub-corymbose. (Don's Mill., i. p. 601.) A. Sli/les covimonly ,3. i» • 1. H. elaVum Alt. The tall St. John's Wort. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol.3, p. 104. • Don's Mill 1 p. 601. ; Tor. and Gray, ]. p. 166. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 85. ; and our fig. 112. Spec. Char., Src Younger stems reddish. Leaves ovate- oblong, acute, dilated at the base, somewhat emar- ginate, with the margins somewhat revolute. Flowers corymbose. Peduncles bibracteate. Sepals ovate- oblong. (ZIon's ilf?//.) A sub-evergreen shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1762. Flowers yellow ; July and August. Capsule reddish brown; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1103. ; Don's Mill, i p 60' """^ZZ'fig. uT"^' "^'*''- '■ '• '''■ ''■ 3- ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. C. ; Spec. Char., S^c. Branches winged. Leaves somewhat emarginate at the base, dilated, sessile, acute at the apex, ovate-lanceolate, with glandular margins Pe- duncles bibracteate. Stamens exceeding the corolla in length. Seeds 2, appendiculated. {Doii's Mill.) A de- ciduous or sub-evergreen undershrub. Sea coast of Spain. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers yellow • July to September. Capsule reddish brown; ripe in Oc- — - tober. The leaves of this species, when bruised, have a very disagreeable smell, resembling that ol a goat, whence its name. Varieties. -" **- H. h. 2 obtusifdlhim Dec. — Leaves blunter than the species. Found on the mountains of Corsica, on humid rocks. -" a. H. A. 3 minus Dec. is a smaller plant than the others, figured in Dend. Brit. t. 87. B. Styles commonly 5. j^ tt. H. Kazmia'num L. Kalm's St. John's Wort. W™ikeA-Jloiuered Maple. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 381. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 593. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 648. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 246. Synonymes. A. montanum Ail. JJort. Kew., 3. p. 435. ; A. pennsylvanicum Dit Hoi Harbk. t. 2. ; A. parviflnrura Ehrh. ; Mountain Maple, E'rable de Montagne, Fr. ; Berg Ahorn, Ger.; Acero di Mon- tagna, I/al. E7it>ravings. Trat. Arch., No. 13. ; the plate of this species in Arb Brit., 1st. edit., vol. v. ; our Jig. 124. ; and the figure of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 9?. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, 3- or slightly 5-lobed, acuminated, pubescent beneath, unequallj' and coarsely serrated. Racemes compound, erect. Petals linear. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, or small tree. Canada to Georgia. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. in America; 18 ft. to 20 ft. in England. Introduced in 1750. Flowers small, greenish, raceme many-flowered ; May and June. Keys often reddish ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves yellowish red. Naked young wood brown. XIII. y/CERA^CEiE: -r^'CEll. 81 I"?! .-J^cer spicatuii Very ornamental in autumn, from its small keys, which are fixed upon slender pendulous spikes, and have their membranous wings beautifull}'^ tinged with red when ripe. Michaux states that this species, grafted upon the syca- more, is, like the A^cer striatum, augmented to twice its natural dimensions : a fact which we have never had an opportunity of seeing verified. ¥ 4. A. sTRiA^TUM L. The strlped-bca-ked Maple. 125. A*cm- stviatuin. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 3H1. ; Dec. Prod., I. p.593. ; Don's Mill.. 1. p. 648. Synont/iues. A. pennsylvanicura Lin. Sp. HOC, and Tor. ^ Gray, 1. p. 246. ; A canadcnse Martfi, 82 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRFTANNICUM. and Duh. Arb. ].t.l2. ; Snake-barked Maple, Moose Wood, striped Maple, Dog Wood ; E'rabic jaspe, Fr. ; gestreifter Ahorn, Ger. ; Acero screziato, Ital. Engravings. Mill., t. 7. ; Tratt. Arch., No. 11. ; Mich. Fel. Arb., 2. t. 17. ; theplate of this species in Arb. Brit.. 1st edit., vol. v. ; our ^g. 12.5. ; and Jig. 14R. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 9a, 99. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated, finely and acutely serrated. Racemes pendulous, simple. Petals oval. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. (Don's Mill.^ A deciduous tree, with green bark, striped with white. Canada to Georgia. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. in America; 10ft. to 20ft. in England. Introduced in 1755. Flowers yellowish green, on long peduncles ; May. Ke)S brown, and remarkable for a cavity on one side of the capsules ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood green, striped with white and black. The buds and leaves, when beginning to unfold, are rose-coloured ; and the leaves, when fully expanded, are of a thick texture, and finely serrated. From the great beauty of its bark, this tree deserves a place in every collection. It is propagated by seeds, which are received from America; or by grafting on A. Pseudo-Platanus. C. Leaves 5-lobed. ^ 5. A. macrophy'llum Pursh. The long, or large, leaved Majjle. Identification. Tursh, Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 267. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 594. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 649.; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 246. Engravings. Hook. FI. Bor. Amer., 1. t. 38. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our fig. 126. ; anifigs. 147. and 148. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 100, 101. and 102, 103. 126. A\«i minofbfWwm. Spec. Char, .^c Leaves digitately 5-lobed, with roundish recesses. Lobes somevvhat 3-lobed, repandly toothed, pubescent beneath. Racemes com- pound, erect. Stamens 9, with hairy filaments. Ovaries verv hairy. (Don\, Mill.) A deciduous tree ot large size. North-west coast of North America ^c^. ""^ ' '^^.f^o/ "^'^'•«- Height 40 ft. to 90 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers yellow, fragrant ; April and May. Keys brown; ripe in bepitember. Decaymg leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood brown buds green. XIII. ^CERA CE.i; : ^ CER. 83 Leaves nearly 1 ft. broad. Carpels sometimes 3. Sap as abundant as in any species, except in A. saccharinum ; the wood soft, whitish, but beautifully veined. (^Tor. and Grai/.) This species is quite hardy in the climate of Lon- don, and promises to form a most valuable addition to our ornamental, and, possibly, to our timber, trees. The tree in the Hort. Soc. Garden is between 40 ft. and 50 it. high, after having been thirteen years planted ; and it has flowered, and ripened some seeds. 3f 6. A. PLATANOi^DES L. The Platanus-like, or Norway, Maple. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1496. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 649. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. Synoiiy7nes. E'rable plane, or E'rable de Norvege, Fr. ; spitz Ahorn, or spitzblattriger Aliorn, Ger. ; Acero riccio, Ital. Engravings. Duh. Arb., 1. t. 10. f. 1. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; our fig. 129. ; and^^. 149. of tlie leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 104, 105. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves cordate, smooth, 5-lobed. Lobes acuminated, with a few coarse acute teeth. Corymbs stalked, erectish, and, as well as the fruit, smooth. Fruit with divaricated wings (Don's MUl.) A deciduous tree, above the middle size. Norway to Switzerland, but not in Britain. Height 30ft. to 60ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers rich yellow; April and May. Keys brown ; ripe in September and October. Opening foliage and flowers, in spring, of a bright yellow ; when decaying, also, of a fine yellow. Naked young wood smooth, brown. Varieties. 1: A. p. 2 Lobeln. A. Lo- belij Tenore ; A. /)lata- noides Don's Jlli/l. i. p. 649. (Our/g. 127. ; and Jig. 150. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 106.) — The leaves are very slightly heart-shajied, irregularly toothed, 5- lobed, with the lobes more or less abruptly pointed. The bark of the young wood striped, somewhat in the mamier of that of A. striatum ; by which circumstance the plant, in a young state, is readily distin- guished from A. plata- noides. A large tree, native of the kingdom of Naples, and found on mountains. One of the most beautiful acers in cultivation ; but very little known, though it was introduced about 1683. There is a tree of it at Croome, above 20 ft. high, which has ripened seeds. i A. p. 3 vai'iegdtum Kort. yJ.p. albo variegatum Hayne. — Leaves va- riegated with white. t A. p. 4 aureo variegdtum Hort. — Leaves variegated with yellow. * A. p. 5 laciniatum Dec. A. p. c Ispum Lauth ; Eagle's Claw, or Hawk's Foot Maple. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit.,_vol. V. ; onrfg. 128. ; and fg. 151 . of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 107.) — Leaves deeply and variously cut. G 2 127. A'cei platanflides Lobilii. 8t ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 128. ^Ver platanoides lacini^tum. It is frequently produced from seed, being found by nurserymen among seedlings of the species. The tree, in general appearance, at a distance, is like the common sycamore ; but, on a nearer approach, the leaves are found of a smoother and finer textiu-e. The roots extend considerably, both downwards and laterally. The bark is green on the j'oung shoots, but it afterwards becomes of a reddish brown, dotted with white points : that of the trunk is brown, and rather cracked. The buds are large and red in autumn, becoming of a still darker red in the course of the winter : those on the points of the shoots are always the largest. The leaves 129. A'cet piata»5ides. are thin, green on both sides, and shining. When the petiole is broken, an acrid milky sap issues from it, which coagulates with the air. The leaves are about 5 in. lone, and nearly the same in width. The petioles are longer than the XIII. y/CERA CE^ : A CEK. 85 leaves. About the end of October, the leaves become either of a clear, or a yel- lowish, red, and then drop off. The flowers appear just before the leaves, near the end of April : they form a short raceme, somewhat corymbose. The fruits, or keys, have their wings yellow. It is not till the tree has attained the age of nearly 40 years that it produces fertile seeds, though it will flower many years before that period. The rate of growth of this species, when once es- tablished, is from 18 in. to 3 ft. long every year, till it attains the height of 20 or 30 feet ; which, iu favourable situations, it does in ten years. The wood weighs, when dry, 43 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot ; is easily worked, takes a fine polish, and absorbs and retains all kinds of colours. It may be used for all tlie various pur[)oses of the wood of the common sycamore. Sugar is made from the sap in Norway, Sweden, and Lithuania. Seeds are ripened in England in abundance. It 7. A. saccha'rinum L. The Sugar Maple. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1496. : Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 650. : Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 248. Synunymes. Rock Maple, Hard Maple, Bird's-eye Maple, Anier. ; Acero del Canada, Ital. Erigranings. Michx. Fl. Arb., 2. 1. 15. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., ist edit., vol. v. ; our fig. 130. ; and^o-. 152. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 108, 109. iV ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, smooth, glaucous beneath, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, serrately toothed. Corymbs drooping, on short peduncles. Pedicels pilose. Fruit smooth, with the wings diverging. {Dons Mill.) A deciduous tree. Canada to Georgia. Height in America 50 ft, to 80 ft.; in England 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers small, yellowish, and suspended on long, slender, drooping peduncles ; April and May. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Naked young wood smooth, whitish brown. 130. jiVer saccharinum. Variety 1 nigrum Michx A. s. 2. nigrum. A. s. /3 nigrum Tor. 4" Gray ; A. the black Sugar Tree, or Rock Maple, Michx. Arb. '2. t. 16 Leaves pale green beneath, the veins of the lower surface and |:etioles minutely villous, pubescent ; wings of the fruit a little more diverg- ing. {Tor. and Gray, i. p. 248.) Michaux, who considered this variety a species, says the leaves resemble those of the species in every respect, except that they are of a darker green, and of a thicker texture, and somewhat more bluntly lobed. The tree is indiscri- minately mixed with the common sugar maple, thi'ough extensive ranges of country in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Connecticut ; but is readi!} distinguished from it by the smaller size which it at- tains, and the darker colour of its leaves. The soil in which it flourishes best is a rich, strong, sandy loam ; and there it usually grows to the height of 40 or 50 feet. Closely resembling A. /;latanoides in foliage, except in being somewhat G 3 86 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. glaucous beneath, and in the fruit being much more divergent. Burk of the trt'.niv white. Leaves 3 in. to •> in. in length, generally wider than long. The buds have a fine ruddy tint, especially in spring before they expand. The tree in England is rather tender, and never attains a large size ; but in America the timber is valuable, and the sap produces sugar, American seeds. It 8. A. Pseu^do-Pla'tanus L. The Mock Plane Tree, the Si/camnrc, or Great Maj^le, Identification. Lin. Sp., 1469. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 648. Si/noni/mcs. Plane Tree, Scotch ; E'rable Sycamore, E'rable blanc de Montagne, fausse Platane, grand Parable, Fr. ; Ehrenbauin, weifser Ahorn, geraeine Aliorn, Ger. ; Acero Fico, Itnl. Ensravings. Dull. Arb., 1. t. 36^ ; Schmidt Arb., 1. p. .34. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol.v. ; our fig. 132. ; 3.nA fig. 153. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate form- ing p. 110, 111. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves cordate, smooth, with 5 acuminated, unequally toothed lobes. Racemes pendulous, rather compound ; with the rachi.s, as well as the filaments of stamens, hairy. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. (Don's Mill ) A deciduous tree of the first rank. Europe and Britain, in wooded mountainous situations. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers greenish yellow, mostly hermaphrodite ; May and June. Keys reddish brown; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown, with dark blotches. Naked young wood reddish brown. Buds large, green, or tinged with red. Farifties. 'it A. P. 2 opidifolia. A. opulifolium Hort. ; A. trilobatum Hort. ; A. barbatum Hort. (Our fig. 132.) — Leaves and fruit smaller than in the species, as shown in fig. 155. of the leaves, in the plate forming p. 114. We have no doubt of this being the A. opulifolium of Thuillier and Villars, L'E'rable duret, and L'E'rable ayart, Fr., which is said by these authors to resemble A. Pseudo-PIatanus, but to be much smaller. It is a native of the Alps and Pyrenees. Introduced in 1812. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. t A. P. 3 longifolia. A. longifoliuni Booth. — Leaves more deeply cut, and the petioles much longer than in the species. Altogether a tree of very remarkable aspect. ¥ A. P. 4 Jldvo variegdta. — A. P. lutescens Hort. ; the Corstorphine Plane. — Leaves variegated with yellow. The original tree stands near an old pigeon-house in the grounds of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., in the parish of Corstorphine, near Edinburgh. Seeds of this variety, sown, have produced plants with the character of the parent to a certain extent. t K. P. 5 dlbo variegdta Hayne. — Of all the variegated varieties of A\er, it must be acknowledged that this is the most ornamental ; especially in sjjring, when the leaves first expand. I' A. P. (j purpurea Hort. — Leaves of a fine purple underneath. This variety was found in a bed of seedlings, in Saunders's Nursery, Jersey, about 1828, and is now to be met with in all the principal nurseries. The tree has a very singular effect when the leaves are slightly ruffled by the wind, alternately appearing clothed in purple and in pale green. In spring, when the leaves first expand, tht purple bloom is less obvious than when they become matured, at which time it is very distinct. Other Varieties. In the garden of the Hort. Soc. there is a variety called Hodgkhiis Seedling, with yellow-blotched leaves ; and another, called Leslie's 131. A. P. opulifMium. XIII. ^CEUA^CE^: ^^CER. 87 Seedting. In Hayne's Dendrologische Flora there are, also, the following va- rieties : A. P. stenoptera, A. P. vtacroptera, and A. P. ?uia'6ptera, which differ in the proportions of the wings of the keys, and do not appear worth farther notice. In all seed beds and young plantations some of the plants will be found with the petioles and the buds red, and others with the petioles and the buds greenish yellow : such trees, when of considerable size, are very distinct in their general aspect, when in bud, and when they have newly come into leaf; but after midsummer, when the leaves are fully maturecl, and begin to get rusty, the trees are scarcely distinguishable. Different plants also differ much in the time of their coming into leaf, and of drop- ping their leaves ; and some of the more remarkable of these it miglit be worth while to propagate by extension. 152. ^Ver Fseudo-Pliitanus. The growth of the common sycamore is very rapid compared with that of must other species of J'cer, particularly when it is in a deep, free, rich soil, and in a mild climate. It arrives at its full growth in 50 or 60 years ; but it requires to be 80 or 100 years old before its wood arrives at perfection. In marshy soil, or in dry sand, and even on chalk, the tree never attains any size. It produces fertile seeds at the age of 20 years, but flowers several years sooner ; sometimes even perfecting its seeds sooner also. The longevity of the tree is from 140 to 200 years, though it has been known of a much greater age. The wood weighs per cubic foot, newly cut, 64 lb. ; half-dry, 56 lb= ; dry, 48 lb. It loses, in drying, about a twelfth part of its bulk. When the tree is young, it is white ; but, as the tree gets older, the wood becomes a little yellow, and often brown, especially towards the heart. It is compact and firm, without being very hard ; of a fine grain, sometimes veined, susceptible of a high polish, and easily worked, either on the bench, or in the turning- lathe. It does not warp, and is not likely to be attacked by worms. It is used in joinery and turnery, and cabinet-making ; by musical instrument makers ; for cider-presses ; and, sometimes, for gun-stocks. Formerly, when wooden dishes and spoons were more used than they are at present, it was much in demand, especially in Scotland, by the manufacturers of these articles. As underwood, the sycamore shoots freely from the stool, to the age of 80 or 100 years. As a timber tree, it is most advantageously cut down at the age of 80 years, or from that age to lOO. As an ornamental tree, it produces the best eiTect, either singly, or in groups of two or three, placed sufficiently near to form a whole, but not so as to touch each other ; and in rows or avenues. The varieties with variegated leaves are very ornamental in the beginn:iig ot G 4' 88 AKBOUETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. summer ; but their leaves are almost always more or less imperfect, especially on the edges, and fall off much sooner in the autumn than those of the species. The leaves of the purple variety are not liable to the same objection as those of the variegated sorts. Seeds ; and the varieties by grafting on the species. ^ 9. A. OBTUSA-^TUM Kit. The ohtuse-lobed- leaved Maple. Identification. Kit. in Willd. Spec, 4. p. 948. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. ,594. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. G49. Syrionymes. /(. neapolilanum Tenore\ ^. hyl)ruium in the Lond. Hort. Soc. Gard. in 1834 ; the Neapolitan Maple. Engraviiiiis Tratt. Arch., 1. No. 14.; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; our Jig. 133. ; and Jig. 154. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 1 12, 1 13. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, roundish, 5-lobed ; lobes bluntish (or pointed), repandly toothed, velvety beneath. Corymbs pendulous. Pe- dicels hairy. Fruit rather hairy, with the wings somewhat diverging. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the first rank, of as rapid growth as A. Pseudo- /^latanus. Hungary, Croatia, and many parts of Italy, on hills and mountains. Height 40 ft. to GO ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers greenish yellow, kw in a panicle ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves dark brown. Naked young wood smooth and brown. Buds prominent, ureen. ^^ir-' 133. ^Ver obtus^tum. Varieties.— In the Neapolitan territory, this tree is probably somewhat dif- ferent in its habit and aspect from what it is in Hungary; and hence, the A. neapol'ddnum of Tenore may be considered a variety. The following also ap[)ear to belong to this species : — "t A. o. 2 coridceum. A. coriaceum Bosc. (Don's Mill., 1. p. 649.; and ouv Jig. 1.34.) — Leaves co- riaceous, the same length as breadth, 3-5-lobed, denticulated, smooth. Corymbs loose. Wings of fruit erectly divergent. Native of?. (Don's Mdler.) Tlicre are small plants of this A\er in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, which ap- pear to us to belong to this species, though it is with considerable doul)t that we have placed it here. Possibly it may belong to A. platanoides, as we once thought, or to A. O'palus. ¥ A. 0. 3 ibericum. A. ibericum Bieb. Fl. Taur. p. 247. — Leaves shining, glaucous beneath, bluntly three-lobed ; lobes furnished with one or two teeth ; lateral ones marked witii the middle nerve to the insertion of the petiole. Petioles a little shorter than the leaves. Tree 20 ft. in height. A native of Georgia. {Don's Mill., i. p. 649.) As we have only seen plants a few inches high, we may be mistaken in considering A, ibericum as a variety of A. obtusatum. 134. A, 0. corihccuni. XIII. ^ceraceje: yi cer. 80 t A. 0. 4. lobdtuvi, A. lobatum Finc/i., has the leaves 7-lobed, accord- ing to Don^s Miller, but the young plants bearing this name in the Hort. Soc. Garden, which was raised from seeds received from Dr. Fischer of Petersburg, appears obviously to belong to A. obtusatum. *D. Leaves 5-, rarely 1-lobed. i' 10. A. O'PALUS Ait. The Opal, or Italian, Maple. Ideniification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 436. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 594.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. ; Webb Iter Hispan., 60. Synonymes. A. rotundifblium Lam. Diet. 3. p. 382. ; A. Italum Laiith Ac. No. 8. ; A. villbsum Presl ; I'E'rable Opale, E'rable h Feuilles rondts, or E'rable d'lt;ilie, Fr.; Loppo, Ifal. Derivation. The specific appellation of O'palus has been given to this species, probably from the thick opal-like aspect of the leaves. Engravings. Baudril. Traite, &c., vol. 5. p. 13. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our Jig. 135. ; and fig. 1-56., of^ the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 115. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves more or less heart-shaped, roundish, 5-lobed, smooth beneath ; the lobes generally obtuse, and coarsely serrated. Flowers in drooping corymbs. Keys smooth. (Pen. Cyc.) A low deciduous tree. Corsica. Height 8 ft. to 12 ft. Introd. 1752. Flowers whitish; May to June. Keys small, brown ; ripe Sept. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. A branchy tufted tree, covered with smooth leaves, somewhat coriaceous, roundish, indented, with five blunt lobes, deep green on the upper surface, and V^^W 135. .4'cer O'palus. somewhat glaucous underneath, with long red petioles. Its flowers are whitish, in short racemes ; and the small fruits, or keys, which succeed them, are almost round. It is found in forests and on mountains in Corsica; in Spain, on the Sierra Nevada ; and in Italy, where, from the denseness of its shade, it is sometimes planted by road sides, and in gardens near houses. The red colour of the petioles of "the leaves, of the fruits, and even the red tinge of the leaves themselves, more especially in autumn, give it rather a morbid appearance. It pushes later in the spring than most of the other species. t II. A. ciRCiNA^TUsi Pursk. The ronnd-leaved Maple. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p.2fi7. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. : Don's Mill., 1. p. 651. Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 247. ' v , . f Engravings. Hook. Amer., t. 39. ; our Jig. 136. ; and fig. 157. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 116. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves orbicular, rather cordate at the base, 7-lobed, smooth on both surfaces ; lobes acutely toothed ; nerves and veins hairy at their origin. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. N. W. coast of North America, between lat. 43° and 49°. Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. In- trod. 1826. Flowers with the sepals purple, and the petals white ; April and May. Keys purplish brown, with thin straight wings, which are so diva- ricate as to form right angles with the peduncle ; the lower margin scarcely 90 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 156. A^cer circinktum. thickened. {Tor. and Gray). Decaying leaves of a fine reddish yellow. Naked young wood reddish brown. Branches slender, pendulous, and crooked ; often taking root, in the manner of those of many species of Flcus. Bark smooth ; green when young, white when fully grown. Leaf the length of the fingpT, upon rather a short footstalk, membranaceous, heart-shaped, with 7 — 9 lobes, and 7 — 9 nerves ; smooth above, except hairs in the axils of the nerves ; downy beneath, and in the axils of the nerves woolly: lobes ovate, acute, and acutely serrated ; the sinuses acute : the nerves radiate from the tip of the petiole, and one extends to the tip of i each lobe. Flowers of a middling size, in nodding corymbs, that are on long peduncles. ( HooJc. Fl. Bor. Amer.) This is a very marked and beautiful species; distinguishable, at sight, by the regular form of its leaves, and their pale reddish green colour. Though this fine tree has been in the country since 1826, it seems to have been comparatively neglected, for there is no good specimen that we know of in the neighbourhood of London. At High Clere, a thriving tree has ripened seeds for some years past; so that there can be no doubt of its hardiness. Sk 12. A. palmaVum Thunh. The palmate-Zeawerf Maple. Identification. Thunh. Fl. Jap., p. 161. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 6.50. Engravings. Tratt. Arch., 1. No. 17. ; and fig. 158. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 117. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves smooth, palmately divided into 3 — 7 lobes down beyond the middle ; lobes acuminated, oblong, serrated. Umbels 5 — 7- flowered. (Bon's Mill.) A low. deciduous tree; in England a rather deli- cate shrub. Japan. Height in Japan, 20 ft. Introd. in 1820. Flowers greenish yellow and purple ; May. Keys ?. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. This species requires the protection of a wall; having been, like A. oblongum, killed to the ground in the open air, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, in the winter of 1837-8. 1 13- A. erioca'rpum M'whx. The hairy-fruited, or white. Maple. Identification. Michx. Fl. Amer. Bor., 2. p. 213. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 6.50. Synonymcs. A. da.sycarpum IVilld. Spec. 4. p.OS.I., Tor. S; Gray, 1. p. 248. ; A. toment&sura Hort. Par. ; A. glaucum Marsh. ; A. virginia.num Ditk. ; A. rdbrum fVangenh.; white, silver- leaved, or soft. Maple, United States ; Sir Charles Wager's Maple ; E'rable a Fruits cotonneux, or F/rable blanc, Fr. ; rauher Ahorn, Ger. ; Acero cotonoso, or Acero bianco, Ital. Engravings. Desf. Ann. Mus., 7. t. 25. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. v. ; oarfig. 137. ; and fig. 1-59. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 118. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves truncate at the base, smooth and glaucous beneath, palmately 3-lobed, with blunt recesses, and unequally and deeply toothed lobes. Flowers conglomerate, on short pedicels, apetalous, peiitandrous. Ovaries downy. (Don's Mill.) A middle-sized tree. North America, from lat. 43" to Georgia. Height in America 10 ft. to 40 ft. ; in England 30 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1725. Flowers small, pale yellowish purple; March and April. Keys brown ; ripe in July, Varieties. There are several names in nurserymen's catalogues, such as A. coccfneum, A. macrocarpum, A. floridum, A. Pav/« which are only very slight varieties of A. eriocarpum. The last-named variety, introduced by Messrs. Booth, has received the absurd name of Pavia^ from the upper surface of the leaves being slightly wrinkled, somewhat in the manner of those of the horsechestnut. As the species seeds freely, endless varieties mav be obtained from .seed beds. XIII. ^cei;a CEii: : ^;'cek. 91 Distinguished from A. rubrum by the leaves being more decidedly 3- lobed, the lobes deeply cut, and the whole leaf more tomentose. A very desir- able species, from the ra- pidity of its growth, the iiracefnl divergent direction of its branches, the beauty of its leaves, and the pro- fusion of its early flowers. In mild seasons, these flow- ers begin to burst from their buds in the first week in January ; and they are often fully expanded by the end of February or beginning of March. It requires a deep free soil, and more moisture tiian most of the other species. It ripens its seeds, both in America and Britain, by midsummer, or earlier ; and, if these are immediately sown, they come up, and produce plants which are 8 or 10 inches high by the succeedmg autumn. 'i 14. A. RU^BRUM Ij. The red-lowering, or scarlet, Ma[)le. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1496. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 650. ; Tor. and Gray, I. p. 249. Si/nonymes. A. virginiannm Herm. ; A. coccjneum Ait. 8; Mick. ; A. glauca Marsh. Arhiist. \ A. ca- roliniannm Walt. ; A- sangulneum Spach; soft Maple, Swamp Maple, red Maple; E rable rouge, Fr. ; rother Ahorn, (ler. Engravin«. ; E'rable de Montpelier, Fr ; Franzosischer Ahorn, Gfr. ; Aceroniinore, /<«i. Engravings. Schmidt Arb., 1. 1. 14. ; and Krause, t. 101. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. V. ; our fig. 139. ; and fig. 161. of the leayes, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 120. Ispec. Char., c^c. Leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes almost entire, and equal. Corymbs few-flowered, pendulous. Fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. A low tree. South of Europe. Height 13 ft- to 40 ft. Intro- duced hi 1739 Flowers pale yellow ; May. Keys brown ; August. 139. .'l\.'cr mont.pct*'.ilaiHim- In general aspect the tree resembles A. creticum, which has nuich shorter footstalks, and coriac. ous leaves. It also resembles A. campestre, which. XIII. ^CERA CEiE : u'l CER. 93 however, has the leaves 5-lobed, while in A, monspessulanum they are only 3-Iobed. See the figures of leaves in p. 120. and 121. The leaves, in mild seasons, remain on through the greater part of the winter. Seeds ; which it ripens in great abundance. 5? 16. A. campe'stre L. The comvion, or Field, Maple. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1497. ; Hayne Uend., p.21I. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p.649. Synonymes. E'rable champetre, Fr.\ kleiner Ahorn, Feld Ahorn, Ger.; Galluzzi, or Pioppo, Ilal. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 304. ; Willd. Ahbild., t. 213. ; our/g. 141. ; and yi'^. 162. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 120. Spec. Cknr., ^c. Leaves cordate, with 3 toothed lobes. Racemes erect. Wings of fruit much divaricated. {Don's Mill.') A low tree or shrub- Britain. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft., sometimes 40 ft. and upwards. Flowers yellowish green ; May and June. Keys brown j ripe in September. Decay- ing leaves yellow. Naked young wood pale brown. 140. A^cer camp^stre. Varieties. tlf A . c. 2 fdliis variegdtis. — Next to the variegated-leaved variety of ^. Pseudo-Platanus, this seems the handsomest of all the variegated- leaved maples ; the leaves preserving, with their variegation, the appearance of health, and the blotches and stripes of white, or whitish yellow, being distinctly marked. t A. c. 3 hebecdrjmm Dec. Prod. i. p. 598. A. campestre Wallr. in Liu. Trat. Arch. i. No. 7; A. molle Opiz. — Fruit clothed with vel- vety pubescence. 'i A. c. 4 collmum Wallr. in Lift. Dec. Prod. i. p. 594. A. afFine and A. macrocarpun. Ojnz. — Fruit smooth. Lobes of leaves obtuse. Flower smaller. Native of France, ¥ A. c. 5 ausfriacum Tratt. Arch. i. No. 6. (The plate of this tree iv. Arb.Brit.,lst. edit., vol. V.) — Fruit smooth. Lobes of leaves somewhat acuminated. Flowers larger than those of the species. Native of Austria, PodoUa, and Tauria. (Don's Mill.') This variety is larger in all its parts than the original species, and is of much freer growth ; the main stem rises erect and straight, and sends out its branches regularly on every side, so as to form a sort of cone, almost like a fir. A subvariety of this sort, with variegated leaves, is propagated in the Boll- wyller Nurser)'. Other Varieties. A. c. kevigdtum, leaves very smooth and shining; A. c. ndnum, habit dwarf; and, perhaps, some others, are in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges. A. taiiricum, leaves larger and less divided than in the species ; and A. hyrcdnum (_;?g.l4].) with the leaves vari- ously cut, are also in some collections. DifFeritig from A. monspessulanum in having the flowers produced upon 141. A. c hyrriinum. 94 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICU.M. the younif shoots ; as well as in the racemes of flowers being erect. The wood weighs 61 lb. 9oz. a cubic foot in a green state, and 51 lb. 15oz. when per- fectly dry. It makes excellent fuel, and the very best charcoal. It is (!on!pact, of a fine grain, sometimes beautifully veined, and takes a high polish. It was celebrated among the ancient Romans for tables. The wood of the roots is frequently knotted ; and, when that is the case, it is used for the manufacture of snuffboxes, pipes, and other fanciful productions. A dry soil suits this species best, and an open situation. Seeds ; which often remain eighteen months in the ground before they vegetate, though a few come up the first spring. The varieties are propagated by layers. 5? 17. A. cre'ticum L. The Cretan Maple. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1497. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. .594. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 649. Synonymes. A. lieterophyllum Willd. En. ; A. serapervirens L. Mant. ; A. obtusif&lium Sibthorp ; E'rable de CretH, Fr. \ Cretischer Ahorn, Ger. Engravings. Flor. Gr33C., t.361. ; Schmidt Arb., t.l5. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our fit;. 142., from the Flora Gr£Eca; and Jjg. 163. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 121. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves permanent, cuneated at the base, acutely 3-Iobed at the top. Lobes entire, or toothleted ; lateral ones shortest. Corymbs few- flowered, erect. Fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. (Don's AfiU.) A diminutive, slow-growing, sub-evergreen tree. Candia, and other islands in the Grecian Archipelago. Height 10 ft. to 30 ft. Introd. 1752. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in September. There is a general resemblance be- tween A. creticum, A. monspessulanum, and A. campestre ; but the first is readilj' known from both, by its being evergreen, or sub-evergreen, and by its leaves having shorter footstalks, and being less deeply lobed. In a young state, the leaves are often entire or nearly so. It is oftener seen as a shrub than as a tree ; and it seems to thrive better in the shade than any other ^cer. Seeds, layers, or grafting on A. campestre. Other Species of k^ccr. — A. barbatum Mich.v., given in our first edition, has been omitted, because the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden has always appeared to us nothing more than A. plata- nciides, and because Torrey and Gray consider it a doubtful species, and probably described by Michaux from " speci- mens of A. saccharinuiu ; the only species, so far as we know, which has the sepals bearded inside." {Tor. and Grai/, i. p. 249.) A. opulifolium given in our first edition as a species, we have now satisfied ourselves, from having been able to examine larger plants, is nothing more than a variety of A. Pseudo-Pkitanus diminished in all its parts. There are several names of species of ^l^cer in the works of European botanists, the plants of which would require to be pro- cured and studied in a living state : such as A. granatcnse Bois., a native of Spain ; A. parvifoUum Tausch ; also some natives of the Himalayas ; and the following in North America as given by Torrey and Gray ; A. ghibnnn Torr., a siirub of the Rocky Moimtains; A. tr'tpartltum Nutt. MSS., a shrub of the Kocky Mountains allied to A. glabrum ; A. grandidentdtum Nutt. MSS., a shrub or low tree from the Rocky Mountains, supposed to be the same as A. barbatum Vougla.^, mentioned in Hooker's F/or. Bar. Amer., i. p. 1 12. The names of several other species, not yet introduced, will be found in the first edition of this work 142 .«4^cer creticum. XIII. ^ceraVe.e : A'cEn. 95 Ace;- oblongnm. The oh\on^-leaved Maple. Leaves of the natural size. 96 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer tatdricum. The Tartarian, or entire-leaved, INIaple Leaves and fruit of the natural size. XIII. ^CERA^CEjE : ^^CER. 97 AVer spicatum. The &^\ke-Jlowered, or viountain^ Maple. Leaves and fruit of natural size. 98 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer striatum. The striped- Leaves of XIII. ^CERA^CE^: ^^CER. 99 rJi, or Pennsylvaman, Maple, e natural size. 100 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. fiCcer macrophyllum. The Part of ^ leaf, and Kfll. ^CliRA^CE^: ^ 'CER. 101 ge-leaved Maple. Plate I. it, of the natural size. « 3 102 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer macrophyllum. The Smaller leaves, also of the natural size, XIII. ^CERA'CEiE: ^YeR. 103 ge-leaved Maple. Plate II. show how much they vary on the same tree. 104 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer platanoldes. The Platanus- Leaves and fruit of XIII, ^CERA^CEiE : ^^CER. 105 :e, or Norway, Maple. e natural size. 106 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer (platanoides) Lobel'n. L'Obel's Maple. Leaves of Mt\ the natural size. XIII. ^CERA CEJE : J CER. 107 A^cer platanoldes lacinidtum. The cni-leaved. Platanus-like, or Eagles claw. Maple. Leaves of natural size. 108 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer sacchdrinum,. The leaves and fruit xni. ^ceraVe^e ^Ver. The Sugar Maple of the natural size. lOQ 110 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A'^cer Pseiido-Vldtanus. The Leaves and fruit XIII. .4CERA CEiE : ^ CER. Ill Ise Plane, or Sycamore, Maple, cne natural size. 112 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A cer obtusatum. The obtuse- Leaves of the XIII. ^CERA'CE.'E: .^cer. 113 leaved, or Neapolitan, Maple. 1 size. 154 114 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer Pseudo-Vldtanus opulifolia. The Opulus-leaved False Plane, or Sycamore. Leaves and fruit .flfHv of the natural XIII. ACEKA CEJE : A\kR. nt A^cer O'palus. The Opal, or Italian, Maple. Leaves of the A\ natural size. 116 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^ar circiiialu7n. The round-leaved Maple. Leaves of .A. the natural size. XIII. ^CERA^CE^ : ^'CER. 117 A^cer pahndtum. Tlie pal mate- /faret/ Maple. Leaves iJ. of the natural size. 118 AUBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer eriocdrpum. The woollv fruited Maple. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. 1^' XIll. ^CERA CE^ : A CER. 119 AVer rubrum. The x^A-jlowered Maple. Leaves and fruit of ^^ the natural 120 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer monspessuldnumy and A. campestre. The Montpelier Maple, ar the common, or field, Maple. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. XIII. ^CERACE^: ^ CER. 121 A^cer creticmn. The Cretan, or various-haved. Maple. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. V2'2 ARBORETUM ET FllUTICETUM BRITANNICU.M. Genus II. NEGU'NDO Moench. The Negundo, or Box Elder. Lin. Syst. DiceYna PentanJria. Identification. Moench Meth., 334. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 596. ; Don's Mill., I. p.C47. and 651. Synonyines. A^cex Lin. ; Negiindiu7n Rafinesque. Derivation. This genus was constituted from A\eT Negiyido L. ; but the meaning of the latter word is unknown. Probably, it maj' be merely the Illinois name of Gigueres (from giguer, to romp, alluding to the tremulous and playful motion of the long pinnated leaves) Latinised. Gen. Char. Sexes dioecious. Flowers without a corolla. Calyx with 4—3 unequal teeth. Male flowers upon thread-shaped pedicels, and disposed in fascicles ; anthers 4 — 3, linear, sessile. Female flowers disposed in racemes. {Dec. Prod.) — Deciduous trees, natives of North America. Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; impari-pinnate. — There is only one species in British gardens. If 1. iV. FRAXiNiFO^LiUM Nutt. The Ash-leaved Negundo. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., l.p. 2.53. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 596. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 651. Si/nonyynes. A^cer Negundo L., Mich. Arb. ; K. aceroldes Mce?ic/i and Torr. Sf Gray ; Kegundium americanum Rafin.; the Ash-leaved Maple, the Black Ash ; E'rable k Feuilles de Frene, Fr.\ E'rable a Giguieres, Illi- nois; Eschenblattriger Ahorn, Ger.\ Acero araericano, Ital. Engravings. Mich. Arb., 2. t. 16.; Schmidt Arb., 1. t. 12.; Wats. Dend., t. 172.; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., Istedit., vol.v.; and our fig. 164. from Schmidt. Spec. Char., Src Leaves of from 3 to 5 leaflets, the opposite ones coarsely and sparingly toothed, the odd one oftencr 3-lobed than simple. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree, of the middle size. Canada to Carolina. Height 13 ft. to 30 ft. ; in England 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1688. Flowers yellowish green, ap- pearing with the leaves; April. Keys brown ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves of a rich yellow. Naked young wood smooth, and of a fine pea green. The tree in the Hort. Soc. Garden is a male ; but there is a female plant in the collection of W. Borrer, Esq., Heiifield. 164. A't^nJo J'raxinifolium. Varieties. 5^ N . f. 2 crispum G. Don. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and ouv flg. 163.) — Leaves variously cut and curled. The plant of this variety in the arboretum of the Hort. Soc. is a male : the inflo- rescence consists of pendulous panicles of flowers, that are green, with some redness from the colour of the anthers ; and each is placed upon a slender peduncle of about 1 in. long. ¥ N. f. 3 violaccttm Booth. — Young shoots covered with a violet bloom. This appearance is not uncommon in the young shoots of different species of J^ccr as well as in Negundo, XIII. y^/CERA^CEiE. XIV. ^SCULA^CE^. 1^3 1(15. ^t^iJiidj /raxinifolium cri'ipum. A rapid-growins tree ; very ornamental, from its compound leaves, and tlie fine pea-green of its young shoots; arriving at maturity in 15 — 20 years. American seeds, which ought to be sown as soon as possible, or layers, in any common soil. Other Species of Negundo. — N' californicum Tor. Sf Gray, found by Douglas, is supposed to be a new species ; but neither fruit, nor lull-grown leaves, are described. Order XIV. ^SCULA^CE^E. Synonytnes. Castankceae Link ; Hippocastanese Dec. OliD. Char. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Ovary roundish, trigonal. Seeds large and globose ; albumen wanting. Embryo curved, inverted ; with tleshy, thick, gibbous cotyledons, not produced above ground in germination. Plumule large, 2-leaved. — Deciduous trees, natives of North America and Asia. Leases compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; leaflets 3 — 7, ser- rated. Flowers terminal, in racemes, somewhat panicled. — All the known plants of this order cross-fecundate freely, and by most botanists they are included in one genus ; but so numerous are the garden varieties, that we have thought it more convenient to follow those authors who separate the species into two genera. These are ^"scidus and Pavia, which are thus contradistinguished : — -^'scuLUs L. Capsule echinated. PaV/^ Boerh. Capsule smooth. 124 arboretum et fruticetum britannicum. Genus 1. a ^'SCULUSL. The Horsechestnut. Lin. Si/st. Heptkudrm Monogymii. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 462. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 597. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. -562. St/nonymt's . HippocAstanum Tourn. ; Marronier d'Inde, Fr. ; Rosskastanie, Ger. Derivation. The word yE'sculus, derived from esca, nourishment, is applied by Pliny to a species of oak, which had an eatable acorn. The word Hippocastanum, from A?/?p()s i horse, and cas- tanea, a chestnut, is said by some to have been given to this tree ironically, the nuts, though they have the appearance of sweet chestnuts, being only fit for horses ; and by others, because it is said the nuts are used in Turkey, for curing horses of pulmonary diseases. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate. Petals^ — 3, expanded, with an ovate border. Stamens with the filaments recurved inwardly. Caj^sules echinated. Leaflets sessile, or almost sessile. (Don's Mill,) — Deciduous trees, natives of Asia and North America. Leaves palmately divided, with stalked leaflets, generally rough. Capsule rough. Buds generally covered with resin. — Two species and several varieties are in British gardens. The common horsechestnut is invariably propagated by the nuts, which are sown when newly gathered, or in the following spring; and in either case they will come up the succeeding summer. All the other sorts, as being varieties of the species, are propagated by budding or grafting. Soil deep sandy loam. Only the first three sorts described below can be considered as true horse- chestnuts ; the remainder, to which some other names might be added, we consider as hybrids between ^'sculus and some kind of Pavia, most pro- bably P. flava. 2 1. JE. Hippoca'stanum L. The common Horsechestnut. Identification. Lin. Sp., 488. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 597. ; and Don's Mill., 1. p. 652. Synonymes. Hippocastanum vulgkre Tottra. ; Marronier d'Inde, fn ; gemeine Rosskastanie, Gen; Marrone d'India, Ital. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., t. 128. ; the plate of this species in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and onr Jig. 166. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets 7, obovately cuneated, acute, and toothed. A lar^e deciduous tree. Asia and North America. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. In- troduced in 1629. Flowers white, tinged with red ; May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown. Naked young wood brown. Buds long, large, greenish brown, covered with resin. Varieties. *t M. H. 2 fibre plena. — Recorded in nurserymen's catalogues, but not common. ' t iE. H. 3 aicreo-variegdtum. — The leaves are blotched with yellow, but they have a ragged and unhealthy appearance, and are b}' no means ornamental. ¥ M. H. 4 argenteo-variegatum. — Leaves blotched with white. $ M. H. 5 inclsum Booth. JE. rtsplenifolia Hort. — Leaflets cut into shreds. Other Varieties. In Booth's Catalogue are the names JE. H. crispum, nigrum, prae'cox, striatum, tortuosum, &c., but none of these, nor any other variety which we have seen, is worth culture. A tree of the largest size, with an erect trunk, and a pyramidal head. The leaves are large, of a deep green colour, and singularly interesting and beau- tiful when they are first developed. When enfolded in the bud, they are covered with pubescence, which falls off" as the leaves expand. The growth, both of the tree and of the leaves, is very rapid ; both shoots and leaves being sometimes perfected in three weeks from the time of foliation. The wood weighs, when newly cut, 60 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot ; and, when dry, 35 lb. 7 oz. ; losing, by drying, a sixteenth part of its bulk. It is soft, ami XIV. ^SCULA^CEiE : ^'SCULUS. 125 '^'^'N^rV?' 165. ^'sculus Hippocastanum. unfit for use where great strength, and durability in the open air, are required ; nevertheless, there are many purposes for which it is applicable when sawn up into boards ; such as for "flooring, linings to carts, packing-cases, &c. The nuts may be used when burned as a kind of ley, or substitute for soap. The nuts, if wanted for seed, should be gathered up as soon as they drop, and either sown or mixed with earth ; because, if they are left exposed to the air, they will lose their germinating properties in a month. Some nurserymen cause the nuts to germinate before sowing them, in order to have an opportu- nity of pinching off the extremity of the radicle ; by which means the plants are prevented from forming a taproot ; or, at least, if a taproot be formed, it is of a much weaker description than it otherwise would be, and the number of lateral fibres is increased ; all which is favourable for transplanting. When the tree is intended to attain the largest size, in the shortest time, the nut ought to be sown where the tree is finally to remain ; because the use of the taproot is mainly to descend deep into the soil, to procure a supply of water, which, in dry soils and seasons, can never be obtained in sufiicient quantities by the lateral roots, which extend themselves near the surface in search of nourishment and air. * 2. M. (H.) ohioe'nsis Micko!. The Ohio iEsculus, or Horsechestnid. Identification. Mich. Arb., 3. p. 242. ; Dec. Prod., 1 . p. 597. ; Don's Mill., 1 . p. 652. Synonymes. ^. ohioensis Lindl. \ ?yB. pallida Willd.; ^. echinita MuhL; ^. glJlbra Tor. * in'^' ^^^"^ ohioensis Michx. ; Taria glabra Spach; Ohio Buckeye, fetid Buckeye, Atnrr. All these synonymes appear to us very doubtful, when we compare them with the tree bearing this name m the Hort. Soc. Gardens, and with Dr. Llndley's description of it in Bot. Reg. for 1838, Engravings. Michx. Arb., 2. t. 92.-; Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 51. ; and our^^. 167. from Michaux. Spec. Char., Src Stamens nearly twice the length of the (yellowish white) corolla; petals 4, spreading, a little unequal, the claw scarcely the length of the campanulate calyx ; thyrsus racemose, loosely flow- ered ; leaflets 5, oval or oblong, acuminate, fine and unequally serrate, glabrous. (Tor. andGray,\. p. 251.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Pennsylvania and Virginia. Height in America 10ft. to 30 ft. ; in the climate of London apparently the same as the com- mon horsechestnut. Introduced in ? 1820. Flowers white, yellow, and red ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Bark rough, fetid. Branches of the thyrsus of flowers short, 4— 6-flowered ; the flowers mostly unilateral, small (not half the size of those of the common horsechestnut). Fruit prickly, resembling that of the cultivated horsechestnut.' but scarcely half the size. {Tor. and Gray, i. p. 251.) 167. ^. (H.J ohioemb 126 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICtTU.M BRITANNICUM. According to Micliaux, the American horsechestnut is commonly a bush or low tree, from 10 ft. to 12 ft. in height ; but it is sometimes 30 or 33 feet high, trunk 12 or 15 inches in diameter. He found it only on the banks of the Ohio ; but Torrey and Gray give as its habitats the western parts of Penns} Ivania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky. The tree in the Hort. Soc. Garden is of equally vigorous growth with the common horsechestnut ; the leaves are larger, and of a bright green : on the supposition that this is the ^. ohioensis of Mickx. and Tor.^- Grm/, we have no doubt in our own mind that it is only a variety of the common horsechestnut. Dr. Lindley, however, is of a different opinion, con- sidering it as a distinct species. (See Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 31.) 2 3. JE. (H.) rubicu'nda Lms. The red^ish-Jlowcred ^Esculus, or Horse chestnut. Identification, Loiseleur Herb. Amat. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 597. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 652. Synonymes. jE. carnea Hort., and LindL Bot. Reg. ; M. r6sea Hort. ; M. coccinea Hort. ; JE. Hippocastanum var. rubiciindum Schubert ; /E. \Vats6n/a«a Spach ; Marronier rubicund, Fr. ; scharlachrothe Rosslcastanie, Ger. ; Whitley's fine scarlet. Engravings. Herb. Amat., t. 367. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 22. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 10-56., as ^. carnea ; Wats. Dendr., 1. 121., as JE. carnea ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 168. Spec. Char., ^c. Petals 4, with the claws shorter than the calyx. The flowers are scarlet, and very ornamental ; the leaves of a deeper green than those of any other sort, and they have a red spot at the base of the petioles of the leaflets on the imder side. The flowers come out of a dark red, and die off" still darker. Fruit prickly. A deciduous tree, below the middle size. ? Hybrid from North America, Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1820. Flowers red; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in October. It is doubtful whether this tree is a native of North America, or originated in British gardens. It passes under different names in different nurseries. 168. ..35'sculus (Hippoc&stanum) rubictinda. as will be seen by our list of synonymes, and may be considered as differing little, if at all, from jE. carnea Lindl. It is distinguished from Pav/a rubra b} its larger and rougher leaves ; and from JE. Hippocastanum by the leaves XIV. ^SCULA'CKiK: ^SCULUS. 12/ being fuller and more uneven on the surface, and of a deeper green. The tree is also smaller, and of much less vigorous growth than the common horsechestnut. It is, without doubt, the most ornamental sort of the genus. Vo^'iety. 1 M. {H.) 2 r. rosea, ^'sculus rosea Horf. — This variety differs from ^. (H.) rubicunda, in having the leaflets without a red spot at the base of the petioles. The flowers come out of a pale red, and die off about the same shade as the flowers of JE. CH.) rubicunda are v/hen they first appear. Otiiei- Varieties. There are several names in gardens, and in nursery- men's catalogues, which appear to belong to jE. ( H.) rubicunda, but how far they are worth keeping distinct, we are very doubtful.' Whitley''^ new scarlet, of which there is an imported tree in the Fulham Nursery, is said to have flowers of a darker scarlet than any of the above-named varieties ; and, if so, it maybe recorded as ^. (H.) r. 3 Whitleii. M. (H.) anieri- cana of the same nursery belongs also to jE. rubicunda. t 4. JE. gla'bra Willd. Identification. Engravings. Willd. Enum., p. 405. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. .597 Hayne Abbild., t. 24. ; and our figs. 169, 170. The smooth-leaved tEscuIus, or Horsechestnut. Don's Mill.,], p. 652. Spec. Char., c^-e. Claws of the petals of about the length of the calyx. Leaf- lets of a pale green, very smooth. Flowers of a greenish yellow. A de- ciduous low tree. North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. This sort is very distinct ; but it is evidently not the ^'s- culus glabra of Torrey and Gray, but probably a variety of the ^'sculus flava of tliesL I6y. -^'sculus glabra. authors, with rough fruit. The whole plant is comparatively glabrous, and even the fruit partakes of that quality. The tree is of less vigorous growth than -^. rubicunda ; and the shoots take a more upright di- rection. It appears to lose its leaves sooner than most of the other sorts. ^'sculus glabra. 2 5. -^. (g.) pa'llida Wi/W. The pale-cowered JEsculas, or Horsechestmif. Identification. Willd. Enum., p. 406. ; Havne Dend., p. 44. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. .597. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 6.52. Synonyme. Gelbliche Rosskastanie, Ger. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 26. ; and our,^^. 171. Spec. Char., Sjc. Petals with the claws shorter than the calyx. Stamens twice as long as the corolla. A deciduous low tree. Originated in gardens. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1812. Flowers pale yellow; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in October. This sort so closely resembles ^. glabra, as to leave no doubt in our mind of its being a variety of that species. It is of somewhat more robust growth, and the leaves are, perhaps, not quite so smooth. 128 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 171- ^'sculus glkbra pallida. Other Kinds of M'scuhis are enumerated in some nurserymen's catalogues ; but we know of none worth notice, except those already recorded. Genus II. L PA'V/^ Boerh. The Pavia, Buckeye, or Smooth-fruited Horsechest- NUT Tree. Lin. Sj/st. Heptandria Monogy'nia. Identification. Boerh. Lugd., t. 260. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p.S98. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 652. Derivation. In honour of Peter Paw, a Dutch botanist, once professor of botany at Leyden. Buckeye has reference to the conspicuousness of the hilum of the seed, when taken out of the husk. Gen. Char. Caly.v tubular. Petals 4, erect, narrow. Staviens straigiit. Cap- sules unarmed. {Don's Mill.) — Middle-sized deciduous trees or shrubs, natives of North America; distinguishable from the horsechestnuts by the smoothness of their fruit, and the comparative smallness of their flowers, which have their petals erect and narrower. Leaves palmate, with 3 — 7 leaflets, smooth. Flowers small, with erect and narrow petals. Buds blunt, not covered with resin. — There are three species, and several varieties or hybrids, in 'British gardens. Distinguished from the common horsechestnuts, by being smaller and smoother in all their parts. There are probably only three aboriginal species; but there are several beautiful garden varieties, or hybrids. Culture the same as for the common horsechestnut. i ]. P. RU^BRA Lam. The red-flowered Pavia. Identification. Lam. lUust. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 598.,; Don's Mill., 1. p. 653. Synonymes. jS'sculus Pavj'a Lin. and Tor. & Gray; JE. Pav/'n var. x, riibra T{aync Dend. p. -14.; Pavm parviflfira Hort. ; small Buckeye, Amer. ; Marronier Pavie, or Pavie a Fleurs rouges, Fr. ; rothe Kosskastanie, Ger.; Marrone di Paw, Ital. Engravings. Lam. lllust., t. 273. , Hayne Abbild., t. 21. ; Wats. Dend., 1. 120. ; Krause, t. 55. ; the plate of Uie tree in A,rb. Brit., 1st edit.,, vol. v. ; and our fig. 173. Spec. Char., ^c. Corolla of 4 petals, that are longer than the stamens. Leaflets 3, elliptic-obiong, tapered to both ends, and smooth, as is the petiole ; axils of the nerves hairy on the under surface of the leaf. (Dec. Prod.) A slender-growing tree. Virginia and Carolina, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1711. Flowers brownish scarlet ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown. Naked young wood reddish brown. XIV. vESCLLA CE.E : PA \IA. 129 Vaneties. Y P.T.I argidn G. Don. (B.Reg., t. 993.; our /?g. 172.) — A hand- some small tree, with (lark brownish red flo\vers,differinglittle from those of P. rubra. Introduced in ? 1820. \ P.r.SsublacinidtaWats. Dend. Brit. t. 120. yE. P. serriita Ilort. — Leaflets acutely serrated : in other re- spects it differs little from the species. Si P. r. 4 humilis. P. hu- milis G. Don ; end yE'sculus hiimilis Lodd. (Bot. Reg., t. 1018; and our fg. 173.) — A diminutive, weak, straggling form of the species, obtained from some sport, and which, on its own root, is o 172. Pcivia ribra arg{it*. probably nly a re- i75. PhTta riibra hinnilU. cumbent bush, from 2 ft. to 3 ft. in height ; but which, when grafted 130 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. on the common horsechestnut, forms the very beautiful pendulous low tree of which there is a plate in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. In addition to these varieties, there are the three forms which are enu- merated below. In its native country this species varies in magnitude from a low rambling shi-ub to a tree of 20 ft. or more in height. In England P. rubra is in culti- vation in various forms : as a tree, in which character it has, at Syon (see our plate in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.), attained the height of 2G ft. ; as a pendulous tree of 12 or 14 feet in height (see our plate in the Arb, Brit., 174- PaTiarCibra. 1st edit., vol. v., under the name of P. r. |.endula) ; and as a trailing shrub, under the name of P. humilis, in the London Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. 2 2. P. flaVa Dec. The yeWovf-Jlowered Pavia. Jdentification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. .598. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 653. Syrwnymes. .^'sculiis flava Ait., Hayne, and Tor. Sj Gray ; JE. Idtea Wangh. ; Vk\ia liltea Poir. ; tbp sweet Buckeye, big Buckeye, Amer. ; the yellow Pavia ; the yellow Horsechestnut. Ennraviiijis. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 163. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. v. ; and our Jig- 175. Spec. Char., Sfc. Petioles pubescent, flattish towards the tip. Leaflets 5 — 7» pubescent beneath, and above upon the nerves. (Dec. Prnd.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Virginia and Georgia, in fertile valleys. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. in America ; 30 ft. to 40 ft. in England. Introduced in 1764. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October, Decay- ing leaves yellow, tinged with brown. Naked young wood yellowish brown. A more vigorous and rigid-growing tree than P. rubra, with the branches XIV. ^Escula'ce^ : pa\'7^. 131 175. F4via fliva. upright ; whereas in P. rubra they are spreading, slender, and pendulous. Leaves paler than in P. rubra. To thrive, it, like all the other yEscuh\ce£e, requires a deep rich soil. Propagated by budding, because the colour of the flowers is found to vary much in plants raised from seed. 'i 3. P. (f.) negle'cta G. Don. The neglected Pavia. Identification. Loud. Hort. Brit., p. !43. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 6r)3.; Swt. Hort. Brit., p. 83. Synonijme. /E'scuXas, neglecta Lindl. in Bot. Hei;. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1009. ; and our Jig. 176. 17f> Pivia (ftii?a) negltcu. K 2 132 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets .5, lanceolate, serrulated, tapering to the base, flat, rather plicate, smooth beneath, but pilose in the axis of the veins. Calyx campanulate, obtusely 5-toothed, about the length of the pedicel. Stamens rather longer than the corolla. Superior petal veined. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers yellow and red ; May and June, a week earlier than P. flava. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Leaves with rufous down on the veins on the upper side. Flowers pale yellow, veined with red, disposed in thyrsoid racemes. Capsules unai'med, but the ovary tomentose. A tree resembling Piivia flava but smaller. The plant in the Hbrt. Soc. Garden was purchased from M. Catros of Bordeaux, under the name of ^. ohioensis. In the Bot Reg. it is said to be most nearly related to ^, (Pavia) flava, but to differ from it in the flowers appearing a week or 10 days earlier, and in the leaflets being more glabrous, with rufous down on the veins on the upper side, and with hairs in the axils of the veins on the under surface. i 4. P. macroca'rpa Hort. The long-fruited Pavia. Synonyme. JS'sculus Pavta macrocarpa Lodd. Cat., 1830. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., vol. v. ; and our^^. 177. Leaves glabrous on both sides. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, tree under the middle size. A garden hybrid between Spec. Char., S^c. A deciduous 177. Pivia macrocArpa. ^'sculus and Pavi/z 'rubra. Height 20ft. to 30ft. Cultivated in 1820. Flowers pale red and yellow, nearly as large as the common horsechestnut ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. XIV. ^SCULA^EiE : paV/^. 133 The leaves are large, glabrous on the upper surface, and shining. The branches are spreading and loose ; and the whole tree has an open graceful appear- ance, quite different from that compactness of form and rigidity of branches which belong to most of the tree species and varieties both of ^^'sculus and Pavia. at 5. P. Di'scoLOR Sivt. The ty/o-coXouTedi-Jlowered Pavia. Identification. Swt. Hort. Brit., p. 83. ; Don's Mill., p. 653. Synonymes. yE'sculus discolor Fk. and Bot. Reg. ; ..E'sculus Va.yia /3 discolor Tor. S[ Gray. Engravings Bot. Reg., t. 310. ; and onrjig. 178. Spec. Char., Src Leaflets 3, acuminate at both ends, tomentose beneath, un- equally serrulated. Raceme thyrsoid, many-flowered. Corolla of four con- niving petals, with their claws the length of the calyx. Stamens 7, shorter than the corolla. (Don's Mil/.) A deciduous tree-like shrub, Virginia and Georgia, in fertile valleys and on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. In- troduced in 1812. Flowers variegated with white, yellow, and purple; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood of a brownish stone-colour. The whole plant, including the young wood, is covered with pubescence. The flowers are large, showy, continu- ing a long time expanding, and nume- rous though they are but sparingly succeeded by fruit. When the plant is raised from seed, it is remarkable for its thick, fleshy, carrot-like roots, which, in free soil, penetrate perpendi- cularly to the depth of 8 or 10 feet before they branch. Unless when grafted on ^. Hippocastanum, it is seldom seen above 4 or 5 feet in height ; but it is a very free flowerer, and, considered as a shrub, is in May, when it is in flower, one of the most ornamental that the British arboretum affords. * 6. P. macrosta'chya Lois. The long-racemed Pavia. Identification. Lois. Herb. Amat. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 598. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 652. bynonymes ^'sculus parviflbra Walt., and Torr. S; Grat, ; JE macrostachya Mx. and Uayne ; l-avM alba Poir.\ Pav/a ediilis Poi^. Arb. Fr. t. 88. ; Macroth^rsus discolor Spach; Pavier il longs E'pis, Pavier nam, Fr. ; langahrige Rosskastanie, Ger. Engravings. Lois. Herb. Amat., t 212. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 26. ; and our fig. 179. Spec. Char,, 8^c. Stamens much longer than the corolla. Racemes very long. Root stoloniferous. Flowers white. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub, with numerous radicled shoots. South Carolina and Georgia. Height in Ame- rica 2 ft. to 4 ft.; in the climate of London 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white, with long pro- jecting stamens, which give the spike a fine fringetl appearance ; July and August. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. The shoots are slender, spreading, and rooting at the joints where they happen to rest on the soil, with ascendent extre- mities. The tree comes into flower about a onth or six weeks later than the other yEsculkces, and continues flowering. K 3 178. P^Tio discolor. 179. Pavia rpacrostiichja 134 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. in the case of large plants on moist soil, for three months or longer, forming one of the greatest floral ornaments of the shrubbery, at a season when very few trees or shrubs are m flower. The fruit, which is small, seldom ripens in England : but in America it is said to be eaten, boiled or roasted ; and M, Poiteau, accordingly, has included this species of Pavia in his list of fruit trees. Layers ; or seeds, when they can be procured, and which ought to be sown as soon as possible after they are ripe. Other Kinds of Pdv\a. — Pdvia californica (M. californica iVw^.) has been described by Torrey and Gray, but is not yet introduced. P. Lyonn is in the Hort. Soc. Garden, but has not yet flowered there. We have omitted in this edition P. hybrida, described by DeCandolle as a truly intermediate plant be- tween P. rubra and P. flava, with yellow, white, and purple flowers ; because the only plant which we have seen bearing this name, that in the Hort. Soc. Garden, has the flowers yellow, and appears merely a very slight variety of P. flava. In nurserymen's catalogues there are several names which we have not noticed ; for the truth is,'" that the diflterent kinds of ^'sculus and Pav/« cross-fecundate so freely, and seedlings vary so much, that there is no limit to the number of varieties that might be produced. The great error (because it creates so nuich confusion in the nomenclature) consists in giving these varieties to the world as species. It is almost unnecessary to observe, that all the most valuable varieties, of both ^'sculus and Piivw, are best perpetuated by budding or grafting, and that collectors ought always to see that the plants they purchase have been worked. Pav/a rubra as a tree, P. discolor either as a shrub or grafted standard high, and P. macrostachya as a shrub, ought to be in every collection, whether small or large. Ptivia liumilis, when grafted standard high on the common horsechestnut, forms an ornament at once singular and beautiful. As the horsechestnut is to be found in most plantations, those who are curious in the species and varieties might graft them on the upper branches of old trees ; or young trees might be headed down, and one kind grafted on each. Order XV. SAPlNDA^CEiE. Ort>. Char. Flowers polygamous. — Males with the calyx more or less deeply 4 — 5-parted. Petals \ — 5, or occasionally absent, alternate with the sepals. Disk fleshy. Stamens 8 — 10, inserted into the disk. — Hermaphro- dite flowers with the calyx, petals, disk, and stamens as in the males. Ovary .S-celled. Cotyledons incumbent. Phimule 2-leaved. (Li7idl.) — A tree, a native of China. Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Floiuers terminal, in racemose panicles, small, white or yellow. — There is only one hardy species belonging to this order in British gardens, namely, Kolreuteria paniculata Laxm. Genus I. ffi KOLREUTE'R/yl Laxm. The Kolreuteria. Lin. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. Laxm. Acad. Petr.,16. p. 561.; L'H^rit. Sert, 18. t. 19. ; Willd. Spec. PI., 330. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. G16. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 672. Synoiiymcs. Saplndus sp Lin. fit. ; Ciilrcuteria, Ital. Derivatiun. In honour of John TheopUilus Kolreuler, once professor of natural history at Carls- ruhe, and celebrated for his researches on the pollen of plants. XV. ^SCULA^CE^. XVI. VlTA'CEJE. 135 Gen. Char., S^c. Cah/x of 5 sepals. Petals 4, each with 2 scales at the base. Capsule 3-cellecI, inflated. Seeds ovate-globose, the seed-coat penetrating into the seed, and occupying in the place of an axis the centre of the em- brvo, which is spirally convoluted. {Dec. Prod.) Leaves inipari-piniiate, of many pairs of leaflets, that are ovate and coarsely toothed. Flowers yellow, in panicles. — A deciduous tree. t 1. K. panicula'ta Laxm. The \>ar\\c\ed-Jloivering Kolreuteria. Identification. Laxm. Acad. Petr., 16. p. 561. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 616. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 672. Synu7iynies. Sapindus chinensis Lin. fil. Supp. p. 221. ; K. pauUiniOirfci L'Herit. Sert. ; Savonnier panicule, Fr. ; rispentragende KiJlreuterie, Ger. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 36. ; Bot. Reg., t. 320. ; and the plate of the tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. V. ; and out Jig. 180. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves impari-pinnate, with ovate leaflets, coarsely toothed. Flowers polygamous. A deciduous tree of the middle size. North of China Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. in the climate of London. Introduced in 1763. Flowers yellow, in terminal, racemose, spreading panicles ; July and August. Fruit a bladdery capsule, whitish brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves deep yellow. Naked young M'ood brown. It is very hardy ; the hermaphrodite plants not unfrequently ripening seeds in the neighbourhood of London. It has not only a very fine appearance 180. Kulreut^nii panicQl&ta. when in flower, but also in autumn, when the tree is covered with its large bladdery capsules, and the leaves change to a deep yellow, which they do before they fall off". It is of the easiest culture in any common soil, and is readily propagated either by seeds or cuttings of the root or branches. In the London nurseries it is generally propagated by seed. Order XVI. VYTA'C^M. Ord. Char. Calyx small. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens equal in number to the petals ; filaments distinct, or slightly cohering at the base. Anthers versa- tile. Ovarium 2-ceUed. Fruit a pulpy berry. Seeds 4 or 5, fewer by K 4 136 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. abortion ; embryo erect ; albumen hard. — Climbing shrubs, with tumid separable joints. Leaves simple or compound, opposite or alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; the lower ones opposite, the upper alternate. Flowers axillary, racemose, sometimes by abortion changing to tendrils, which are generally opposite to the leaves ; small, green. — Shrubs, traihng and climbing, deciduous, and including the grape vine, which may be considered as the type of the order. The genera which contain hardy species are three, which are thus contradistinguished : — Fi^Tis. Style wantmg. Petals 5. Ampelo'psis. Style 1. Petals 5. Ci'ssus. Style 1. Petals 4. Genus I. rrXIS L. The Grape Vine. Lin. Syst. Pentandria INIonogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 284. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 695. Synonymes. Giud, Celtic ; Vid, Span. ; Vigne, Fr. ; Vite, Ital. ; Wein, Ger. Gen. Char. Floivers hermaphrodite, di(Ecious or tricecious. Calyx commonly 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering at the top, separating at the base, and de- ciduous. Stamens 5. (Dec. Frocl.) — Climbing tendriled shrubs, deciduous ; natives of Asia and North America. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, lobed or serrated. Floivers in tliyr- soid racemes, small, and of a greenish yellow. — There "are several species in British gardens, the principal of which is the grape vine. -^ I. V. vini'fera L. The wine-bearing Vine. IdeiitificaHon. Lin. .Spec, 293 ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 695. Synonymes. Vigne, Fr. ; gemeiner Weinstock, Ger. ; Vite da Vino, Ital. , Fnaraviiigs. Duh. Arb. Fr., 2. t. 16. ; Jacq. Ic, 1. p. 53. ; and ourjfig. 181 Spec. Char.,8fc. Leaves lobed, toothed, si- nuated, or serrated, naked or downv. (Dec. Prod.) A de- ciduous tendriled climber. Syria. Stem 20ft. to soft. Cul- tivated in 1648, or probably from the time of the Romans. Flowers greenish yellow, scented ; June and July. Fruit green, red, or black ; > ripe in October. Decaying leaves yel- low or red. Naked young wood yellowish brown. Varieties. The grape vine has been in cultivation from the remotest period of history, in the warmest parts of the temperate zones of the Old World. The varieties have been described at length by Du Haniel in France, Don lloxas de Clementi in Spain, and Sickler in Germany. The varieties of the vine as a fruit slirub, and all that relates to their propagation and culture, will be found treated of in our Eiicyclt^^cedia of Gardening ; and we shall 181. Fitis vinifera. XVI. riTACEiE: riTis. 137 \ here only notice those which we think deserving of cultivation, as orna- mental and fragrant-flowered climbers. -L V. V. 2 foliis incdnis. Miller's Grape, or Miller's black Cluster Grape. — Leaves almost entire, small, woolly, and whitish. Fruit round, small, in compact bunches, black. This variety is selected on account of the whiteness of its leaves. IN, V. 3 foliis rubescentibus. The Claret Grape ; Tenturier, Fr. (JV. Du Ham., var, 75., not Clairette Du Ham., var. 12.)- The leaves are larger than those of the preceding variety, and more lobed and notched : in the autumn, before they die off, they change to a deep claret colour, in which state they are highly ornamental. -& V. w. 4 apiifolia laciniosa L, The Parsley- leaved Grape Vine ; Ciotat, Fr. ; Vite d'Egitto, /to/. (7?g. 182.) — The leaves are beautifully laciniated, middle-sized, and the fruit black. A very handsome climbing shrub which has been in cultivation for its fruit since 1648. 182. ritis vinlfera upiifoUa. 1 2. V. Labru'sca L. The wild Vine, or Fox Grape. Identification. Lin. Spec, 293. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 634. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 244. Si/nouymes. V. taurlna Walt. ; filziger Wein, Ger. ; Abrostine, Hal. £ngrnvi7igs. Plum. Icon., t. 259. fig. 1. ; Jacq. Schcen., t. 426. ; and our Jig. 183. Spec. C7iar.,4'c. Sexes dioecious or polygamous. Leaves heart-shaped, rather .3-lobed, acutely toothed beneath, and t!ie peduncles tomentose and rather rusty. {Dec. Prod.) Canada to Georgia. Climbing stem 10 ft. to 30 ft. Litroduced in 1656. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Fruit red or black ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown or black. Varieties. Several varieties, with red, white, or blacky fruit, are known in the gardens of North America, from which wine is made ; such as the Isabella, Schuyl- kill or Alexander's, the Catawba, and Bland's Grape, which have doubtless been produced from seeds of this species. (Tor. and Gray.) Leaves 4 in, to 6 in. or more in diameter, often distinctly 3-lobed, short, mucronate, and densely tomentose beneath. Berries 6 — 7 lines in diameter, globose, usually very dark purple when ripe, but sometimes amber-coloured or greenish white, of a strong musky flavour, and filled with a tough pulp. {Ibid.) 1 3. V. .i:stiva'lis Michx. The Summer Vine, or Grape Vine, p. 230.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 63i.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711.; 1S3. ritis tabrusca. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Araer., 2 Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 244. Synonynies. V. vinifera americana Marsh. ; V. intermedia Muhi. Engravings. Jac. Hort. Schoen., t. 425. ; and our fig. 184. Spec. Char., ^c. Sexes dioecious or polygamous. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, with from 3 to 5 lobes ; the under surface of tlie young ones invested with a cottony down; of the adult ones, smooth. Racemes fertile, oblong. Berries small. {Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Con- necticut to Florida. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. In- troduced in 1656 in October. and V. palmSlta VahL Kltis aestivalis. Flowers greenish yellow ; June. Fruit dark blue ; ripe Leaves 4 in. to 7 in. wide, often deeply lobed, with the sinuses rounded ; 138 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the lower surface, particularly- in the young state, clothed with a reddish cobweb-like pubescence ; when old, somewiiat glabrous. Berries 3 — 4 lines in diameter, deep blue, of a pleasant flavour; ripe in October. (Tor. and Gray.) Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. V. /abruscdides Muhl. is also probably a synonyme or a variety of that species. -i 4. V. cordifo'lia Michx. The heart-^/zape-Ieaved Vine, or Chicken Chape. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 231. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p.'654. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711. ; Tor. and Gray, 1 . p. 244. Si/nonymes. V. incisa Jacq. Schcen. t. 427. ; F. vulpina Lin. Spec. p. 293., Walt. Flor.Car. 243.; Winter Grape ; Frost Grape. Engravings. Jacq. Schoen , t. 247. ; and our fig. 185. Spec. Char., Sfc. Sexes dioecious or poly- gamous. Leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, tootlied in the mode of incisions, smooth on both surfaces. Racemes loosely many- flowered. Berries small, greenish, ripened late. {Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Florida, in thickets along rivers. Stem 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow ; June. Fruit greenish ; ripe in November. Leaves thin, 3 in. to 6 in. in diameter, often slightly 3-lobed, and rarely sinuated. Berries nearly black when mature, about a quarter of an inch in di- ameter, ripening late in autumn ; acid, but tolerably well flavoured after having been touched by frost. {Tor. and Gray.) 185. Kitis cordiftlia. p. 711. i 5. V. RiPA^RiA. Michx, The river-side, or sweet-scented. Vine. Identification. Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 821.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 1. St/nonijmes. V. odoratissima Donn Hort. Cant., and Lodd. Cat. ; Vigne de Battures, Amer. En)rrdvi7tgs. Bot. Mag., t. 2429.; Dend. Brit., 1. p. 13.; and our fig. 186. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves heart-shaped, shallowly 3- cleft, toothed in the mode of incisions and un- equally. Footstalk, and the margin of the nerves, pubescent. Racemes loose. Fruit small. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Virginia. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow, with the fragrance of mignonette; June and July. Fruit dark purple, or amber; ripe in October. Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. in diameter, thin ; teeth very coarse, acuminate. Berry 3 — 4 lines in diameter, dark purple, or amber colour, when ripe. (Tor. and Gray.) i 6. V. voLPfNA L. The Fox Grape, or Bullet Grape. Identification. Willd. Sp., 1. 1181. ; Walt. Car., p. 243. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 245. Synonymes. V. rotundifblia Michx., Pursh, Dec, Don's Mill, and Arb. Brit. 1st edit ; Muscadine Grape. Engraving. Our fig. 187. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches minutely verrucose. Leaves cordate, shining on both surfaces, somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acuminate. Racemes composed of numerous capitate umbels. Berries lai'ge. (Tor. and Gray.) A tendriled climber. Virginia to Florida. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Fruit deep blue ; ripe in October. The stem of this species has a smooth bark, and climbs to the summit of some of the highest trees. Leaves 2 — 3 in. in diameter ; the lower surface more shining than the upper ; sinus deep, but rather acute. Fruit 7 — 8 lines XVI. riTA CE^ : AMPELO PSIS. i;39 in diameter, covered with a coria- ceous iiiteiriinier.t, the flower not un- pleasant. T!iis, according to Torrey and Gray, appears to be the original /'. vulpina of Linnaeus. Other Species of \ifii. — Tiie American species iiave been consi- derably reduced in number by Messrs. Torrey and Gra}- ; but it appears to us, that the reduction might have been carried still farther. Some species are described as na- tives of the Himalayas, and 130 varieties are noticed by Kafinesque in liis Monograph of American Vines (see Gard. Mag., vol. viii. p. 248.) ; but they are not yet known in this country. Indeed, from the appear- / ance of the above-described species i>/ in the Hort. Soc. Garden, we are much inclined to think they are only varieties of the same species. They certainly do not differ more from each other than the known varieties of the common cultivated vine. vulpina. Genus II. AMPELO'PSIS Michx. The Ampelopsis. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia Identification. Michx. FI. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 159. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. Synonymes. /'Uis sp. and 6'issus sp. ; Ampelosside, Ital. herivatiun. Ampelus, a vine, and opsis, resemblance ; similarity in the habits of the species. Gen. Char. Calyx almost entire. Petals 5, falling oiF separately. Stigma capitate. Ovary not immersed in a di^k, including 2—4 ovules. (Dec. Prod.) Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; palmate, pinnate, or bipinnate. Flowers small. — Tendriled climbers, natives of North Ame- rica. The species in British gardens are two, of the easiest culture in any common soil ; and one of them, A. kederkcea, is among the most ornamental of hardy climbers. 1 1. A. HEBETiA^CEA Michx. The Ivy-Uke Ampe\ops\s, or Five-leavcd Ivy. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 160. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mil!., 1. p. 694. Synonymes. Iledera. qninquefblin Linn. Spec. 292. ; Fitis quinqiicfblia 7.(t?». ///. No. 2815. ; t'l'ssug Aederacea Ph. Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 170. ; Cissus qulnquefblia Hort. Par. ; Mtis Aederacea Willd. Spec. p. 1182.; Ampelopsis quiuquefblia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. 114., and Tor. Sf Gray; Vigne Vierge, Fr. ; Jungfern Reben, or wilder Wein, Ger.; Vite del Canada, iial. Engravings. Cornut. Canad., t. 100.; and our^. 188. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves digitate, of from 3 to 5 leaflets, that are stalked oblong, toothed with mucronated teeth. Racemes dichotomously corym- bose. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Georgia. Stem 30 ft. to 30 ft., or more. Introduced in 1629 Flowers yellowish green ; June 140 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICU-\I. 18s. Ampel(5psis Aederkcea. and July. Berry black or dark blue ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves deep purple «5^ or red, or yellowish red. Variett/. ± A. h. 2 hirsuta Tor. & Gray. A. hirsuta Donn ; Cissus /^ederacea /3 hirsuta Pursh. — Leaves pubescent on both sides, leaflets ovate. The plants of this variety in British gar- dens do not die off of so intense a crimson as the species. Stem attaching itself to trees and walls by expansions of the extremities of the tendrils. Panicle many-flowered. Petals at first some- what cohering, at length spreading. Berry about as large as a small pea, the peduncles and pedicels bright crimson ; and the foliage in autumn, before it dies off, of a deep crimson. The most vigorous-growing and generally ornamental climber in Europe. It thrives in almost every soil and situation from Warsaw to Naples, and in town, as well as in the country. 1 2. A. bipinna'ta Alickx. The blp'mnate-leaved Ampelopsis. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bnr. Amer., 1. p. 160. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. Synonymes. Wtis arbbrea Willd. Spec. 1. p. 11K3. ; Titis bipinnata Tor. S[ Gray; Cissus stans Pers. Syn. 1. p. 183., Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 170. ; Vite del Carolina, Ital. Engravings. Pluk. Mant., p. 412. fig. 2. ; and our Jig. 189. Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves bipinnate, smooth ; leaflets cut in a lobed manner. Racemes pedunculate, almost doubly bifid. Berries globose and cream- coloured. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Virginia to Georgia, ^tem 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1700. Flowers greenish white ; June to August. Berry black ; ripe in October. Decay- ing leaves purplish red, sometimes yellowish red. Stem upright, or some- what twining, glabrous. Panicle short, spreading, and without tendrils. Berry globose, depressed, as large as a small pea, blackish when ripe, slightly hairy. (Tor. and Gray.) A very handsome climber, of easy culture, and much admired for the beauty of its foliage. Compared with A. Aede- racea, it is of slow growth, the shoots in the climate of 189. AmpeMpsis bipinnata. London being seldom more than 18 in. or 2 ft. in a season. Other Species of Ampelopsis. — A. incha, Fitis incisa Nutt., is described in Torrey and Gray's Plora ; but we are not aware of its having been introduced. A. cordata Michx. (the Cissus Ampelopsis of Persoon, and VKis indivisa of Willdenow) is described in the first edition of this work ; but, as we consider it a very doubtful species, we have omitted it in this abridgement. A. capreola a G Don, ritis capreolata D. Don, and A. botrya Dec, are also omitted, as not having been yet introduced. XVI. riTACE^. XVII. XANTHOXYLA'CEjE. 141 Genus III. L/ CrSSUS L. The Cissus. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 147. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 689. Siinoniimes. Ampelopsis, and Fitis in part. , , . , , Derivation. Kissos is the Greek name of the iry, which these plants in some manner resemble. Gen. Char. Calyx almost entire. Petals 4, falling off separately. Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1— 4-seeded. (Dec, Prod.) Leaves compound, alternate, exsti- pulate, deciduous ; trifoliate. Flowers axillary, small, greenish. Fruit a berry. — Climbing shrubs, only one of which is hardy in British gardens. 1 1. C. orienta'lis. The oriental Cissus, or Ivy Vine. Identification. Lam. 111. p. 332. Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 84. fig. 2. ; and our fig. 190. Spec.Char.,Sfc. Leaves bipinnate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, serrated. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Levant. Stem 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. in 1818. Flow- ers yellowish green ; June and July. Berry, ?. We have only seen the plant bearing this name in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, from which our figure is taken, and which, as it does not agree very well with the specific character, is perhaps not the true plant. At all events, the plant figured is handsome, and as vigo- rous and hardy as Ampelopsis bipinnata. 190. Cissus orientalis. Order XVII. XANTHOXYLA^CE^. Ord. Char. Floivers unisexual, regular. Calyx in 3 — 5 divisions. Petals the same number, longer than the calyx ; aestivation generally twisted. Stamens equal in number to the petals ; in the female flowers wanting or imperfect. Ovary with as many carpels as there are petals. Fruit either berried or membranous. — Trees or shrubs, chiefly natives of warm climates. {Lindl.) Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, without stipules ; abruptly or unequally pinnate ; with pellucid dots. Floivers axillary or terminal ; grey, green, or pink. — The species in British gardens are comprised in three genera, which are thus contradistinguished : — Xantho'xtlum L. Flowers bisexual. Carpels 1 — 5, 2-valved. Leaves abruptly and impari-pinnate. PteYea L. Flowers bisexual. Fruit compressed, 2 — 3-celled ; cells winged. Leaves of 3 leaflets, rarely of 3 leaflets. Aila'ktus Desf. Flowers polygamous. Carpels 3 — 3, membranous. Leave? abruptly or impari-pinnate. 14-2 ARBORETUM KT FRUTiCETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. XANTHO'XYLUM L., and H. B. et Kth. The Xanthoxvlum. or Toothache Thee. Lin. Sijst. Dioe'cia Tri-Pentandria. Jilentification. Lin. Gen., No. 1.50. and 1109. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 72.5. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 801. Synonymes. Zanthoxylum (it is thus spelled in many botanical works) ; Karapm&nn/a Rafin.; Clavalier, fV. ; Zahnwehholz, G^r.; Santossilo, /?a/. Derivation. From xanthos, yellow, and xulon, wood ; from the yellowness of the wood, more espe- cially of the roots. The French name means club tree, and the German name, the toothache tree. Gen. Char. Calyx short, 3 — i-parted. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, but longer, very rarely wanting. — Male flowers. Stamens equal in number with the petals. — Female flowers. Stamens sometimes wanting, or very short. Ovaries 5 — 1, sometimes equal in number to the petals. Capsules 1 — 5, 1 — 2-seeded. Seeds globose, dark, shining. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; pinnately 3 — 13-folio- late. Floiuers axillary, small, greenish or whitish. Inflorescence \?>.r\o\\s. — Deciduous low trees or shrubs, natives of North America, with prickles on the branches, petioles, and midrib of the leaflets. The species in British gardens are of easy culture in any common soil, and are easily propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings of the roots. ^ ^ 1. X. Fraxi'neum Willd. The Ksh-leaved Xanthoxylum, or common Toothache Tree. 191. Xanthuxjlun. ^axineum XVII. xanthoxylaYejE : piVlea. 143 Identification. Willd. Sp., 4. p. 757. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 802. Synoni/mes. Zanthtixylum ramiflbrum Mich. Fl. B. A. 2. p. 235. ; Z. Clava Herculis van Lin. Sp. 1455., Lam. Di^t. 2. p. 38. ; Z. americanum Mill. Diet. No. 2., and Tor. Sf Gray, 1. p. 214. ; Z. mUe.lVilld. Euum ; Z. caribae'um Gcert. Fruct., but not of Lam. ; Z. tricarpum Hook, not of Michx. ; Clavalicr a Feuilles de Frene, Fr. ; Eschen-blattriges Zahnwehholz, Ger. ; Prickly Ash, Amcr. ; Frassino spinoso, Ital. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 97. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and oxxrfig. 191. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves pinnate, of 4 to 5 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one ; the leaflets ovate, obscurely sawetl, equal at the base ; the petiole round, and de- void of prickles ; prickles in the situation of stipules. Flowers in axillary umbels, without petals. {Dec. Prod., i. p. 726, 727.) A low deciduous tree or shrub. Canada to Virginia. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introd. 1740. Flowers yellowish, with red anthers ; April and May. Seeds large, black ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood ash- coloured and greenish. Variety. S :J£ X. f. 2 virgmicum, the X. virginicum of Lodd. Cat., of which there is a plantin the garden of the London Horticultural Society, and several in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, appears to us only a variety of X./raxineum; probably the same as X. (/.) tricarpum. 1 afc 2. X. (f.) trica'rpum Michx. The three-fruited Xanthoxylum, or Tooth- ache Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 335. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 803. Z. caroliniinvun Lam., Tor. Ss Gray, 1. p. 214. ; Fagira /raxiniftilla Lam. III. 1. 1. 1. 334. ; and our fig. 192. Spec. Char., cfc. Leaves pinnate ; the leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, and an odd one, all on short stalks, oblong oval, acuminate, finely sawed, oblique at the base. Petioles and branches prickly. Pa- nicles terminal. Petals 5. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. North Carolina to Florida. Height 1.0ft. to loft. Introd. 1806. Flowers greenish ; June. Seeds large, black ; ripe Oct. Leaves and bark very aromatic and pungent. Prickles very sharp. The bark of this and the preceding species is imported from New York, and sold in Covent Garden Market as a cure for the rheumatism. Probably a variety of the pre- ceding species. Synonymes. t. 334. Engravings. Lam. 111. 192. Xanthdxi'lum tricarpum. Other Species of Xanthoxylum. — X. mite Willd., treated as a species by some authors, is made a synonyme of X.yi-axineum by Torrey and Gray, and it probably bears the same relation to that species that Gleditschk inermis does to G. triacanthos. Our opinion is, that there is only one species of the genus in British gardens. Genus II. r Lin. Si/st. Monce'cia PTE'LEA L. The Ptelea, or Shrubby Trefoil. Tetra-Pentandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 152. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 82. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 806. .Syno7iym£s. BrilUcia Adans. ; Orme de Samarie, Fr. ; Lederblume, Gcr. Derivation, rrom ptelea, the Greek name of the elm, adopted by Linnaus. Gen. Char. Calyx short, 4 — 5 parted. Petals 4—5, longer than the caiyx. —Male flowers. Stamens 4 — 5, longer than the petals. — Female flowers. 144 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Stamens 4' — 5, very short. Sfi/le short. Fruit compressed, inuehiscent, samara-hke, turgid, 2 — 3-celied. Seeds oblong. (Do?i's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnate, 3- rarely 3- foliolate, with pellucid dots, the lateral leaflets inequilateral. Flowers whitish, cymose : cymes corymbed or panicled. — Deciduous shrubs or low trees, natives of North America and Asia. There is only one species in British gardens, which is of the easiest culture, and is propagated by seeds and cuttings, put in in autumn, and covered with a hand glass. 1 ^ 1. P. trifolia'ta L, The three-leafleted Ptelea, or Shrubby Trefoil. Identification. Lin. Sp., 173. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 1. 670. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 82. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 806. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 21-'). Synonymes. Orme de Samarie 3 trois Feuilles, Fr. ; dreyblattrige Lederblume, Ger. Engravings. Dill. Elth., t. 122. ; Schmidt Arb., 2. t. 76. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. v. ; and owe fig. 193. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaf of three leaflets that are ovate acute, the middle one much tapered towards its base. Flowers in corymbs, usually tetrandrous. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. Lake Erie to Florida and Texas. Height 6ft. to 10ft. Introd. 1704. Flowers whitish; June and July;' Capsules greenish ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves of a remarkably clear rich yellow. Naked young wood dark purplish brown. Varieties. 1^V.t.2 pentaphfla Munchh. has 5 leaflets, H. S. ^ ^V. t. 3 piibescens Pursh has the leaflets pubescent. When this plant is pruned up with a single stem, it forms a handsome low tree with a hemispherical head ; but in British gardens it is more frequently Ptelea trifoUkta. found as a large shrub, with numerous stems proceeding from the rootstock. The shoots and leaves pubescent when young. Ovary of the staminate flowers abortive. Odour of the flowers disagreeable. Capsules with flattened wings, somewhat resembling those of the elm. Other Species of Ftelea. — P. Baldwinu is described by Torrey and Gray as a shrub not more than a foot high, but it has not yet been introduced XVII. XANTHOXYLA^CEiE. XVIII. CORIaVEjE. Genus III. 145 AILA'NTUS Desf. The Ailanto. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Monoe'cia. Uentljication. Desf. Act. Acad. Par., 1786, p. 2G3 ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 88. : Dpn's Mill., I. p. 807. Synonijmes. llhiii Ehrh., Ellis, Aivi Moctick: Verne du Japon, Fr. ; Giitterbaum, Gcr. Uerivalion. Ailanto is the name of Aildnitts ?landul6sa Ocsf. in the Moluccas. It was long con. sidered as a species of flhus, whence the French name ; and the meaning of the aboriginal word being, it is said, tree of heaven, hence the German name, Gdtterbaum, tree of the gods. Gen. Char. Malefiowers. Calyx 5 cleft. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest. Disk central. — Hermaphro- dite, or female, flowers. Calyx, petals, and disk as in the male, but with fewer stamens. Ovaries 3 — 5, distinct. Samarce 3 — o, oblong ; 1-celled, 1 -seeded. {Bon's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; impari-pinnate. Flowers terminal, small, greenish. — One species, a deciduous tree trom China. 3f 1. A. GLANDULo'sA Desf. The glandulous-Zeayerf Ailanto. Identification. Desf. Act. Acad. Par. 1786, p. 203. ; Dec. Prod., 1 p. 89. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 807. Synoiiymes. J. -procera Sal. Frori. p. 271.; iJhiSs hypselodendron jUa?nfA ; R. cacodii^dvon Ekrh. ; R. sinense El/is ; Aylanthe glanduleux, J^j'.; driisiger Gotterbaum, Ger.; Albero di Paradiso, /^n/. Evgraitin<:s. Wats. Dend. Brit, t. 108. ; the plate of the tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and OUT fig. 194. Spec. Char.,S,-c. Leaves impari-pinnate ; the leaflets coarsely toothed at the base ; the teeth glam.lulous on tne under side. (Dec. Prod.) A large tree. North of China. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introd. 1751. Flowers whitish green, exhaling a disagreeable odour; August. Capsules like the keys of the ash, but smaller ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brownish, but drop- ping with the first frost, without any great chance of colour. The leaflets often separating from the petiole of the leaf, and leaving it for some weeks attached to the tree. Naked young wood rusty brown, without buds. The leaves on vigorous young trees are sometimes G ft. in length. The truit, which has been ripened at White Knights, resembles the keys of the ash, but is smaller. The tree grows with great rapidity for the first 10 or 12 years, producing shoots from 3 ft. to 6 ft. in lenoth at first, and attaining the heidit of I 15 or 20 feet in 5 or G years, in favourable < situations. Afterwards its growth is much slower. It grows in any soil, though one that ' is light and somewhat humid, and a sheltered situation, suit it best. In France, it is said to thrive on chalky soils, and attain a large size where scarcely any other tree will grow. It IS readily propagated by cuttings of the roots. 194. .4 .•«.,/». gianduiosa. Section TV. Fruit gynobasic ; that is, inserted into a fleshy Receptacle, with which the Style is continnous. Order XVTTI. CORIA^CE^.. Ord. Char. Flowers either hermaphrodite, monoecious, or diotcious. Calyx campanulate, S-parted. Fetals 5. Stamens 10. Carpels 5.— Low shrubs, natives of temperate and warm climates. L 146 ARBOIIETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Buds scaly. Flowers in terminal anil axillary racemes. Fruit in some poisonous, in others edible. — Tliere is only one hardy genus, C'oriiiria ; the species of which are low shrubs, natives of Europe antl Asia. GENur, I. r Spec. Char., S^c. three-nerved, CORIA^RIA Niss. The Coriaria. Lin. Sijsl. Dioe'cia Decandria. Identification. Niss. in Act. Par. 1711, t. 12. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 739. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 818. Synonymes. Redoul, Fr. ; Gerl)orstrauch, Ger. Derivation. From corium, a hide ; C. ?«yrtif61ia being used both in tanning leather and in dyeing it black. Gen. Char. Flowers either hermaphrodite, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, sepaloid, smaller than the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 10, hypogynous, 5 between the lobes of the calyx and the angles of the ovarium, 5 between the petals and the furrows of the ovarium. Anthers bursting by longitudinal slits. Style none. Stigmas 5, long, awl-shaped. Carpels 5, surrounding a fleshy axis ; when ripe, close together, but separate, not opening, l-seeded, surrounded with glandular lobes. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; 3-ribbed. Branches square, opposite. — Low sufFruticose shrubs, of easy culture in common soil, and propagated by division of the root. j» I. C. myrtifo'lia L. The Myrtle-leaved Coriaria. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1467. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 739. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 818. Synonymes. Fustet des Corroyeurs, or Redoul S. Feuilles de Myrte, Fr. ; Myrtenblattriger Ger. be.-strauch, Ger. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 822. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 103. ; and onr fig. 196. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, on short footstalks, glabrous. Flowers in rather upright racemes. (^Dec. Prod.) A low, deciduous, sufFruticose shrub, consisting of nume- rous suckers. South of Europe, and the North of Africa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced 1629. Flowers greenish ; May to Aug'ust. Carpels in the form of a berry, black ; ripe in October, brownish green. Found in hedges and waste places, throwing up nume- rous suckers. An ornamental undershrub, chiefly re- markable for its myrtle-like leaves, and the handsome frond-like form of its branches. Suckers in any com- mon soil. Other Species of Coriaria. — C. nepalensis Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 289., and our fig. 196., from a specimen gathered ,„. - ,^ . in the Hort. Soc. Gardens, a native of Nepal, at heiiihts 196. C. nejial^nsis. *™ ^^^ r • '.ii of from 5000 ft. to 7000 (t., appears to be quite hardy, and of robust growth. C. sarmentosa Forst., from New Zealand, is probably hardy also, but has not yet been introduced. 193. Corikna mjTtifolia. Leaves drop off of a XIX. STAPHYLEA CEiE : STAPHYLE A. 147 Subclass IL CALYCIFLO^RxE. Petals separate, inserted in the Calyx. Order XIX. STAPHYLEAXE.E. Ord. Char. Sepak 5, connected at the base, coloured, with an imbricated jEstivation. Petals 5, alternate. Stamens 5. Disk lari;e. Ovary 2 — .3-celled. Fruit membranous or fleshy. — Shrubs, natives chiefly of warm climates. (Lindl.) Leaves compound, opposite, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers terminal. Fruit a bladdery capsule. — The only hardy ligneous plants belonging to this order are contained in the genus Staphylea. Genus I. STAPHYLE^ A L. The Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Lin.Syst- Pentandia Di-Trigynia. Identification. I in. Gen , No. 374. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 2. Si/mitiy/nes. Staphylodendron Tourn. ; Staphilier, faux Plstachier, Fr. ; Pimpernuss, Ger. ; Sta- filea, Hal. Derivation. Abridged from Staphylodendron, its name before the days of Linna'us, derived from staphule, a bunch or cluster, and dendron, a tree ; the flowers and fruits being disposed in clusters, and the plant being ligneous. Gen. Char. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals, connected at the base, in aestiva- tion imbricate. Petals 5, in aestivation imbricate. Stamens 5, perigynous, alternate with the petals, and opposite the sepals. A large urceolate disk, or nectary, within the corolla. Ovarium 2- or 3-celled, superior. Fruit membraneous. Seeds with a bony testa, and a large truncate hilum. (Lindl.) Leaves compound, ojiposite, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnate, with both com- mon and partial stipules. Flowers in terminal stalked racemes. — Two hardy species, low trees or shrubs ; natives of Europe and North America, of easy culture in any common soil, and propagated by seeds, which ought to be sown as soon as they are ripe, or by cuttings. 3fe ^ 1. S. TRiFO^LiA L. The three-leaved Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 386. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 2. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 256. Si/nonyiiies, Staphilier i Feuilles ternees, Fr. ; Virginische Pimpernuss, Ger. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 81. ; oar fig. 197. in flower, and^^:. 198. in fruit. Spec. Char., ^-c. The leaf of 3 leaflets, which are ovate, acuminate, regularly sawed, and, when young, pubescent ; the style smooth; the capsule bladdery. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Canada to South Carolina, and west to Arkansas, in moist places. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers whitish ; May and June. Nuts globose, in a bladdery capsule, white; ripe in October. Decaying leaves greenish yellow. Branches slender, smooth, and dotted. Petioles pubescent above. Partial stipules mostly none. Petals obovate-spatulate, ciHate at the base. Stamens rather exserted ; filaments hairy below ; anthers ws- s. uifoUa. cordate; the lobes somewhat united at the tip. Capsule 2 in. long; the carpels (sometimes 4) distinct at the summit, tipped with the persistent st} les, and opening by the inner suture ; seeds smooth and polished, all but one often abortive. (Turrey and Gray.) When not trained to a single stem, this shrub throws out abundance of shoots resenibling suckers from the collar; but, if L 2 trifolia. 14S AHBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. these be removed as they are produced, it will form a very handsome low tree. Seeds, suckers, layers, or cuttings, in any common soil, kejjt moist. The largest plants of this species, in the neighbourhood of London, are at Syon. a^ 3? 2. S. piNNA^TA L. The pinnated-fcauerf Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Identification. Lin. Sn., .'iSfi. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 3. ; Don's Jlill., 2. p. 3. Synonymes. Staphylodendrnn pinnatum Ray ; Staphilier i Feuilles ailees, Fr. : gemeine Pimper- nuss, Ger. ; Lacrime di Giobbe, or Pistaccliio falso, Ital. ; Job's Tears. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 15C0. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 36. ; and our A'r- IDS- Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate, of 5 — 7 oblong, perfectly glabrous, serrate leaflets ; the flowers in racemes ; the capsules membranous and bladdery. {Dec. Prod.) Shrub or low tree. South of Europe, and ? England in hedges. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers whitish ; May and June. Nuts globose white^ in a bladdery capsule ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood greenish, with green buds. A smooth branching shrub, throwing up many side suckers, in gardens often from 6 ft. to 12 ft. high, and exhibiting a much more luxuriant growth than the preceding species. The nuts, in' some parts of Europe, are strung for beads by the Roman Catholics. The kernels taste like those of the pistacia, and are eaten in Germany by children. The flowers contain a great deal of honey, and are very attractive to bees. In the London nurseries, the plant is generally cultivated by side suckers, by cuttings put in during the month of September, or by seeds, which, are ripened in abundance. The seeds ought to be sown as soon as they are ripe ; be- cause, as they contain an oil, they very soon become rancid. They will come up the following June, with two large, lance- shaped, seminal leaves ; though sometimes they do not come up for two years. taphvl^a pinniita. Order XX. CELASTRA^CE^. Ord. Char. Sepals 4 — 6 : aestivation imbricate. Petals 4 — 6. Stamens 4^ — 6, alternate with the petals, opposite the ^sepals, indistinctly perigynous. Oi'flTj/ superior, free, girded with a fleshy disk, with 2 — 4 cells. Ovules erect, rarely pendulous. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous, or samarideous. Seeds, in most, attended with an aril. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, generally stipulate, deciduous, or evergreen. Fton-ers whitish or greenish, in axillary cymes. — Shrubs or low trees, generally deciduous ; natives of both hemispheres. The species are chiefly remarkable for the form and colours of their fruits; their flowers being neither large nor showy, nor their properties valuable in medicine, or general economy. All the species are readily increased by layers, by cuttings struck in sand, or by seeds in any common soil. The genera containing hanly species are ^uonymus, Celastrus, and Neraopanthes, which are thus contradistinguished : — J^uo'nymus Tourn. Sexes mostly hermaphrodite. Fruit a dehiscent capsule, of 3 — 5 cells. Seed with an aril. Leaves mostly opposite. Cela'strus L. Sexes mostly hermaphrodite. Fruit a dehiscent capsule of 2 — 3-cells. Seed with an aril. Leaves alternate. Nemopa'nthes Rafin. Sexes polygamous or dia^cious. Fruit an indehiscent berry XX. CELASTRACE^: £UO NYMUS. 149 Genus I. ij ^ EUO'NYMUS Tourn. The Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Lin. Syst. Tetra-Hex-andria Monogynia. Jdentfficalion. Tourn. Inst, t. 388. ; Lin. Gen., 271. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 3. Synonymes. Fusain, Bonnet de Pretre, or Bois S. Lardoire, Fr. ; Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Evonimo, Ital. Derivation. The word jEui'mymus is formed from the Greek, and signifies of good repute. The French word Fusain means a spindle, alluding to the use of tiie wood tor making spindles. Bonnet de Pretre alludes to the form of the capsules, which, when opened, bear some resemblance to a priest's cap ; and it is called Bois a Lardoire from the use made of the wood for skewers or larding pins. The German name is literally spindle tree. Gen. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-loibed, flat, covered by the peltate disk at the base. Petals 4 — 6, spreading, inserted in the disk. Stamens 4 — 6, inserted above the disk in rather prominent glands. Capsule 3 — o-celled, 3 — 5-angled. Seeds 1 — 4 in each cell, and wrapped in pulp or aril. (^Don^s Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, serrate. Stijjules mostly none. Peduncles axil- lary, 1 — many-flowered. Lijlorescence cymose. — Deciduous shrubs or low trees ; sometimes trailing, or climbing by rootlets. i s 1. jE. europ^e'us L. The European Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 286. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 3. Syncmymes. E. vulgS-ris Mii/. Diet. ; Prick-timber Gerard ; Louse Berry, Dogwood, Gatteridgo Tree ; Fusain d' Europe, Fr. ; Bonnet de Pretre coramun, Fr. ; gemeine Spindelbaum, Ger. j Be- rctte di Prete, Ilnl. Derivation The English name Prick-timber, or Prick- wood, alludes to the employment of the wood in making toothpicks and skewers, which were formerly called pricks ; and it is called Dogwood, because the wood of C6rnus sanguinea and that of the £u6nymus europee'us are used indiscrimi- nately for the same purposes, both being called Gatteridge Tree ; the meaning of which we do not know. It is called Louse-wood, because the powdered leaves were formerly put on the heads of children to chase away lice. Engravings. Smith's Eng. Bot., t. 362. ; the plate of the tree l.i Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our;^. 200. SOO- Eu6nymdii europtE''U& Spec. Char., Sf-c. Branches smooth. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, very finely sawed. Flowers about 3 upon one peduncle ; the petals oblong, rather acute. Lobes of the cap.sule obtuse. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub, or low tree. Europe and Britain, in hedges and copse woods. Height 6 ft. to 1 2 ft. Flowers greenish white; May. Fruit scarlet, produced in great abundance, L 3 150 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. and very showy ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves reddish. Naked young wood green or reddish green. Varieties. i sSf E. e. 2 latifolius Lodd. Cat. has rather broader leaves than the species. S ^ E. e. 3 foliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat, has variegated leaves, but never looks healthy. 5? J* E. e. ^ fructu dibo Lodd. Cat. has white capsules. M E. e. 3 nanus Lodd. Cat. is a dwarf-growing plant. Nos. 2. and 4. of these varieties are, in our opinion, alone worth culti- vating. Roots numerous and whitish, forming a dense mass of network, and not extending to a great distance from the stem. The branches are numerous and opposite ; and the wood hard and fine-grained. The leaves and bark are acrid, poisonous, and fetid when bruised. The capsules are of a fine rose colour, except in the white-capsuled variety, and the seeds are each invested with an aril of a fine orange colour. In a state of cultivation the tree attains the height of 30 ft. or upwards, and, though almost entirely neg- lected in pleasure-grounds, it forms a singularly handsome object in autumn, when covered v.'ith its ripe fruit. Seeds ; in any common soil not over moist, "i ^ 2. E. VERRUCO^sus Scop. The wwled-barked Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Scop. Carn., ed. 2. No. 268. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. Synonymes. E. euvopEe'us lepr6sus Lin. ; Fusain galeux, ou verruqueux, Fr. ; warziger Spindelbaum, Ger. Engravings. Nouv. Du Ham., 3. t. 8. ; Schmidt Arb., t. 72. ; and our fig. 201. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches warted with prominent lenticular glands. Leaves ovate, slightly ser- rate. Flowers three on a peduncle. Petals ovate. Capsule bluntly 4-cornered. (Dec. Prod) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Austria, Hungary, and Carniola. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1763. Flowers purplish brown ; May and June. Fruit reddish purple ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood green, with brown and white spots. A shrub of somewhat fastigiate habit of growth, with rough warty branches. This species is culti- vated in collections chiefly for the singularity of its appearance, being among spindle trees what the warted ash is among ash trees. It ripens seeds, and is readily increased by cuttings. Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. 201. Eudnvmus verrucosus. t St 3. E. latifo'lius C. Bauh. The broad-leaved Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. C. Bauh. Pin., 428. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. Si/no7iymes. E. europje^us var. 2. Lin. ; Fusain S larges Feuilles, Fr. ; breithlattriger Spindelbaum, Ger. Engraz'ings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 289. ; Bot. Mag., 2384. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our fig. 202. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches smooth.. Leaves broad-ovate, toothleted. Pe- duncles trichotomous, many-flowered. Petals oval, obtuse. Lobes of capsule acutely angled, wing-formed. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. South of France to Tauria, in groves. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers white, becoming purplish; June and July. Fruit deep red, and very showy ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Naked young wood reddish green, with long pointed green buds, tinged with red. In British gardens, this forms much the handsomest species of the genus. XX. CELASTRA^CEiE : IJUo'nYMUS. 151 202. Budnymos latlfbllus. from its broad shining leaves, and its large red pendulous fruits, with orange- coloured seeds, which, when the capsules open, are suspended from the cells somewhat in the manner that the seeds of the magnolias hang from then- strobiles. Even the wood of this species, during winter, is much handsomer than that of any other, the branches being regularly divaricate, with a clean bark, of a reddish green, and with long pointed dark brown buds ; by which alone this species may be distinguished from all the others. Unfortunately for this species, it is generally treated as a shrub, and crowded among other shrubs or trees ; so that it is never allowed a chance of attaining either its full size or its proper shape. j» 4. E. NA^NUS Bieb. The dwarf Euonymus, oi- Spindle Tree. Identification. C. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Suppl., p. 160 ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. Synonyme. E. caucasicum Lodd. Engraving. Owe fig. 203. from Messrs. Loddiges's plant. Spec. Char., 8fc. Branches smooth, somewhat herbaceous. Leaves lanceolate, entire, nearly opposite. Flowers 4-cleft, from 1 to 3 on a peduncle. {Dec. Prod.) A trailing undershrub, with the aspect of the widow wail (Cneorum tricoccum). Northern Cau- casus. Height 1 ft. Intro- duced in 1830. Flowers greenish white ; July and Au- gust. Fruit ? ; ripe ?. Shoots slender, recumbent, and with the leaves of a deep green. A very neat little plant, apparently quite hardy, and well adapted for rock- work. 'i ^ o. E. atropurpu'reus Jacq. The dark-purple;/?ow6'?rrf Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Jacq. Hort. Vind., 2. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 5. ; Tor. and Gray, l.p. 257. Synonymes. E. caroliniensis Marsh. Arb. Amer. No. 1. ; and, probably, E. latilblius Marsh. Arb. Amer. No. 2. ; Burning Bush, Ainer. Engravings. Jacq. Hort. Vind,, 2. t. 120. ; Schmidt Arb., t. 73. ; and our;?^. 204. Sl)ec. Char., Sic. Branches smooth. Leaves stalked, lanceolate, serrated. L 4 203. £u(5nymus n&niig. 152 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers many upon a peckincle ; the peduncle compressed. Petals orbiculate. Capsules angulately furrowed, smooth. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub or low tree. Canada to Florida. Height 4 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1756. Flowers dark purple ; June and July. Capsule crimson. Seeds white, with a red aril ; ripe in October. Deca}ing leaves purplish red. Naked young wood purplish green Branches slightly 4-sided. Leaves 2 in. to 5 in. long. Parts of the flower usually in fours; petals roundish obovate. Capsules smooth, deeply lobed. This and the other American species of J?u6nymus are rarely found in a thriving state in Britain : as it appears to us, from not being planted in moist .shady situations, and in peat or sandy fcOll. • 204r Eudnvmus atropurpiireus. SI » 6. -E. AMERiCA^NUs L. The American Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 286. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 5. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 253 Synoni/7nes. E. sempervirens Marsh. ; E. alternifolius Mcench ; the Burning Bush, Strawberry Tree, Amer. Engravings. Nouv. Du Ham., §. t.9.; Schmidt Arb. t. 7-5. ; our^g^. 205., representing the plant in flower ; axiAfig. 206., representing it in seed, with the warty capsule. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches smooth. Leaves almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, sawed. Flowers 1 to 3 on a peduncle. Petals sub-orbiculate. Capsule echinately warty. (Dec. Prod.) A sub-evergreen recumbent shrub. Canada to Florida, among rocks, and in moist woodlands. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1686. Flowers greenish yellow, tinged with purple ; May and June. Capsule deep crimson. Seeds white, with a scarlet aril ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves and naked shoots green. 205. Eudnymus anieric^nus + 20n. Sudnymus americknus. Varieties. aib « E. fl. 2 angiistifoUus. Var. /3 Tor. ^ Gray. (Our fig. 207.) — Leaves narrowly elliptical or oblong, slightly falcate, the margin minutely serrated, sibly the E. angustifolius of Pursh, which Torrey and Gray had only seen in a herbarium. at j» tt E. a. 3 snrmentdsus Nutt. Var. y Tor. ^- Gray. — Shoots trailing and often rooting ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate. ffi .«* tt- E. «. 4 obovatiis Nutt. Var. h Tor. & Gray; E. obovatus Dec. Prod. 2. p. 4., Do}i's Mill. 2. p. 5. (Our/rtif61ia. /^LEX L. The Hollv. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Tetragynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 172. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 13. ;' Don's Mill., 2. p. 16. ''■jnonymes. yjquifblium Tourn. Inst. t. .371., Giert. Fruct. 2. t. 92. ; Houx, Fr. ; Stechpalrae, or Heilse, Ger. ; Ilice, Ital. Oerixatinn. Theophrastus, and other Greek authors, named the holly Agria ; that is, wild, or of tht fields ; and the Romans formed from this the word Agrifolium ; and called it, also, Aqui- folium, from acutum, sharp, and folium, a leaf. 0. Bauhin and Loureiro first named it /'lex, on acoount of the resemblance of its leaves to those of the Quercus /'lex, the true Ilex of Virgil. LinnfEUS adopted the name of Tlex for the genus, and preserved the name of ^quiffilium for the most anciently known species. The name of Holly is, probably, a corruption of the word holy, as Turner in his Herbal calls it Holy, and Holy Tree ; probably from its being used to comme- morate^^he holy time of Christmas, not only in houses, but in churches. The German name Christdorn, the Danish name Christorn, and the Swedish name Christtorn, seem to justify this oonjecture. Gexf. The Minorca Holly. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 262. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. I. ylquifblium var. S Lam. Diet. 3. p. 14;"). ; /. made- rensis Willd. Enurn. Suppl. 8. according to Link. Engraving. Our fig. 223. S}]cc. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate, acute, flat, shining, entire or spiny-toothed. Umbels axillary, tew- flowered, short. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen low tree. Minorca and Madeira. Height 10 it. to 20 ft. in England ; in Madeira 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1744. Flowers white; May and June. Drupe scarlet ; ripe in December. Decaying leaves yellow, dropping in June and July. A very distinct variety of the common holly, readily distinguished at eight, by its yellowish green leaves, which are sharply acuminated, but very slightly waved at the edges, and with few prickles. It is propagated by 223. /. {^.) iraieav-c*. budding or grafting on the common holly. i 3. /. OPA^CA AU. The opaque-feai^ed, or American^ Holly. Jdenlification. Ait. Hort. Kew, 1. p. 177. ; Oec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. .•Igril'blium vulgaro Clnyt. Flor. Virgin.; 7'lex ^quifblium Gronuv and Walt. Fl. Car. 241. ; dimkelblattrige Stechpalme, Ger. ; Agril'olio a Foglie di Querela, Ital. Engravings, The plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 224 Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, flat, coriaceous, acute, toothed in a scalloped manner, spiny, and glabrous, but not glossy. Flowers scattered, at the base of only those branches that are a year old. Teeth of the calyx acute. Sexes dioecious. {Dec. Prod.) A beautiful evergreen low tree. Canada XXI. ^QUIFOLIA'CEiG: /^LEX. 161 to Carolina. Height in England 10 ft. to 20 ft. ; in Carolina 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1744. Flowers white ; May and June. Drupe scarlet ; ripe in December, remaining on the trees all the winter. Vmieti/. 1 I. o, 2 laxiflora, I. laxiflora Lam., I. opaca var. Kutt., has the flowers on loosely branched peduncles, and the drupe yellow. Introduced in 1811. Several other varieties are mentioned by Rafinesque. *?•;. riciopfeca. In America, this species is applied to all the usls which "^^j^ tiie common holly is in Euro[)e. It forms hedges ; is an "^* '^^ ornamental tree or shrub in gardens; is em[)Ioyed for making birdlime; and the wood is used in turnery and cabinetmaking. Propagation as in the common holly. Ylex magellanica {Jig. 225.), of which there is a small plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, promises to be a very handsome species, and tolerably hardy, as it stood the winter of 1837-8 against a wall. 225. J. riiagpll&iiicn. B. Leaves toothed, serrated, or crenatc, but not spiny. a 4. /. Perddo Ait. The Perado Holly. Identificution. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 169. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonyme. I. maderensis Lam. Diet. 3. p. 146. Engravings. N. Du Ham., v. t. 35.; Bot. Cab., t. 549., ; and our fig. 226. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves ovate, with an entire acumen, or having very kv7 teeth, shining. Umbels short, ax- illary, few-flowered. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Madeira. Height in England 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1760. Flowers white or reddish ; May and June. Drupe large, red ; ripe in October. Commonly treated as a green-house plant, but quite hardy in the' Hort. Soc. Garden ; where, and also in se- veral other places, it stood the winter of 1837-8, without Perado. any protection, uninjured. C'ASsfNE Ait. The Cassme-lilie, or broad-leaved Dahoon, Holly. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 170. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Pursh Fl. Am. Sep. 1. p. 117. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. AqmtbMum carolinense Catesb. Car. l.t. 31. ; /. caroliniana Mill. Diet. iio. 3.; I. cassindides Lint hnum. 1. p. 143. ; the Cassena of the American Indians; Rqfin. Engravings. Catesb. Car., l.t. 31. ; and our 7?^. 227. M • O. 162 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrated, flat ; the midribs, petioles, and branch- lets glabrous. The flowers upon lateral corym- bosely branched peduncles. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Lower Carolina to Florida, in shady swamps. Height 6 ft. to 10ft. Intro- duced in 1700. Flowers white ; August. Drupe red ; ripe in December. The fruit is rather smaller than that of the com- mon holly ; it continues on the trees the most part of the winter, untouched by birds ; and, being of a bright red, and large in proportion to the leaves, which are about the size of those of the common arbutus, the plant makes a fine appearance, both in its native country and in England. Commonly pro- pagated by seeds ; but it will also strike by cuttings, or it may be grafted on the common iiollv. i^lex CatAru. at 6. I. ANGUSTIFO LIA Enum., 1. p. 172.: Wil/d. The narrow-leaved Holly. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14.; N. Duh., and LoJd. 25S. I. anKustifWt»- Identification. Willd. Don'sMill., 2. p. 17. Syiwnymes. I.myrUfbWa Walt. Carol. 24\., Cat. ; /. rosmarinifftlia Lam. III. 1. p. 356. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 4. ; and our Jig. 228. Sjiec. Char., S^c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sawed at the tip, rather revolute in the margin ; the mid- rib, petiole, and branchlets glabrous. Flowers in stalked lateral cymes. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Virginia to Geor- gia, in swamps. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; June. Drupe globular and red ; ripe in December. A very handsome species, but not very common. There are plants of it at Messrs. Loddiges, and in the H, S. Garden, under the name of /. ??jyrtif6lia. 1 7. I. VOMITO^RIA Ait. The emetic Holly, or South Sea Tea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 278. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. St/nonymes. I. Cnssine vera Jl^alt. Carol. 241.-, /. /igustrina Jacg. Coll. 4. p. 105., Icon. Bar. t. 310., Wnidt. Hort. t. 31.; Cass}ne ferdgua Mill. Icon. t. 83. f 2. ; /. Cassena Michx. Fl. 1. p. 229. ; /. religibsa Bart. Fl. Virg. 69. ; /. floridana Lam. III. No. 1731. ; Houx apalacbine, Fr.-^ true Cassene, Cassena, Florida ; the Yapon, Virginia ; the evergreen Cassena, or Cassioberry Bush, Eng. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 310. ; Wendl. Hort., t. 31. ; Mill. Icon., t. 83. f.2. ; andour^. 229. ' Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong or elliptic, obtuse at both ends, crenately serrated, and, with the branchlets, glabrous. Flowers in subsessile lateral umbels. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen low tree. Carolina to Florida, along the sea coast. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Intro- duced in 1700. Flower white ; June and July, Drupe red, like that of the common holly ; ripe in December. Not very common in British collections ; but there are plants of it in Loddiges's arboretum, and in the garden of the Hort. Soc. S29. /^lex Tomitftrii. C. Leaves quite entire, or nearly so. 8. /. Dahoo'n Wall. The Dahoon Holly. Identification. Wait. Fl. Carol., 21l. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. Synonyme. I. Cassine Willd. Hort. Berol. 1. t. 31 Don's Mill., 2. p IV. XXI. ^QUIFOLIA CEjE : PRI NOS. 163 Engravings. Willd. Hort. Berol., t. 31., under the name of /. Cassine ; oar Jig. 230. from a plant in Loddiges's arboretum, and j?^. 231. from the Hort. Berolin. Spec. Char., Si-r. Leaves lanceolately elliptical, nearly entire, almost revolute in the margin ; the midrib, petiole, and branchlets villous. Flowers dis- posed in corymbose panicles, that are upon lateral and terminal peduncles. (Dec. Prod.) A beautiful evergreen shrub or low tree. Carolina to Flo- rida, in swamps. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers white; May and June. Drupe red ; ripe in December. The leaves of this species are very numerous, and resemble those of Laurus Borbonzrt. The plant is rare in British gardens, and seldom ripens riex Dahodn riex Daho&n. fruit. It is most commonly kept in green-houses or pits : but there was a plant in 18.36 in the open air, in the Mile End Nursery, which was 20 ft. high, with a head 30 ft. in diameter ; and which had stood there many years, with- out the slightest protection. Other Species ofVlex are described by authors as natives of North America and Nepal, some of which are introduced, and may probably be found hardy, Dut we can state nothing with certainty respecting them. In this genus, as in most others containing numerous species which are not in general cultiva- tion, there is a great deal of uncertainty. /. Cassine, I. vomitona and /. Dahoon are probably the same species. Genus III. L PRPNOS L. The Prinos, or Winter Berry. lAn. St/st. Hexandria Monogynia, or Polygamia Dioe^cia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 461. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Syytonyines. Agdria Adans.Fam. 2. p. 166.; Apalanche, Fr. ; Winterbeere, Ger. Derivation. From prinos, the Greek name for the holly, which the present genus much resembles ; or, according to others, from prion, a saw, on account of the serrated leaves of the species. Gen, Char. Flowers 6-cleft, hexandrous ; usually dicEcious, or polygamous from abortion. Fruit with 6 nuts. In other respects the character is the same as that of Tlex. {DorCs Mill.) Leaves simple, axillary, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; oval or lanceolate, entire or serrated ; dying off of a greenish yellow. Floivers on axillary pedicels, usually single, small, mostly white. — Shrubs, ever- green and deciduous ; natives of North America. In habit of growth the species are all more or less fastigiate, and send up numerous suckers from the collar ; but, if these were removed, the plants JrJ 2 164 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. would form neat miniature trees. Propagated by suckers, or by cuttings of the young wood in sand under a glass, or by seeds. Common soil, kept moist. There is a close general resemblance among ail the deciduous species, which leads us to doubt whether they are any thing more than varieties. § i. Vrinoides Dec. Sect. Char. Flowers usually ^ — 5- sometimes 6-cleft. {Bee. Prod., ii, p. 16.) Leaves deciduous. ^ 1 . P. deci'duus Dec. The deciduous Winter Berry. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Syno7iymes. /Uex prindides Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 278. ; Vlex decidua Waif. Fl. Carol. 241. Engraving. Our Jig. 232. from a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, elliptic-lanceolate, tapered to the petiole, shallowly serrated ; the midrib villous beneath. Peduncles axillary ; those of the male flowers several together ; of the female ones, singly. Berries red. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Vir- ginia to Georgia, on rocky shady banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white ; June and July. Berries large, crimson ; ripe in December. Plants of thi^ species are in Loddiges's nursery, under the name of Z^lex ^rinoides. 31 2. P. ahibi'guus Michx. 232. Prinns deciduus. The ambiguous Winter Berry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 236.; Dec. Prod, 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synonyme. Cassme caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol, p. 242. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 29. ; and om fig. 233. Spec. Char,, S^c. Leaves deciduous, oval, acuminate at both ends ; both adult ones and young ones glabrous in every part. Peduncles of the male flowers crowded together in the lower parts of the branchletg ; of the female ones, singly. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. New Jersey to Carolina, in wet sandy woods. Height 4 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white; June to August. ;3 Berries red ; ripe in November. f The leaves are subimbricate, serrated, acute at the apex, and the berries small, round, smooth, and red. There is a hand- some |)lant of this species in the afboretum of Messrs. Lod- diges, which, in 1835, was 3 ft. high. It is of easy culture in any free soil ; and is propagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers. § ii. Ageria Dec. S33. P. amblcuus. Sect. Char. Flovrers usually 6-cleft. Leaves deciduous. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 17.) « 3. P. VERTiciLLA^TUs L. The whorled Winter Berry. Identification. Lin. Spec, 471. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Sijnonymes. P. padif61iu3 Willd. Enum. p. 394. ; P. Gronbvii Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 2.'56. i P. coof^rtus Mwuch j P. pruniftlius Lvdd. Cat. XXI. ^QUIFOLIA^CEiE : PRI^NOS. 165 ?31. /"rlnos verticillktus. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 30.; Duh. Arb., 1. 1. 23.; our fig. 234. In flower, and fig. 23-5. from the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. C/iar.^ (^c. Leaves deciduous, oval, acumi- nate, serrated, pubescent beneath. Male flowers in axillary umbel-shaped fliscicles ; the female ones aggregate, the flowers of both sexes 6-parted. (Z)ec. Prod.) A de- ciduous shrub. Canada to Virginia, in wet woods. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white; June to August. Berries red or crimson, turning purple ; ripe in November. There are two handsome plants of this species in Loddiges's arboretum, 7 ft. high, one of which is under the name of P. /.irunifoiius. 235. a 4. P. l^viga'*tus Pursk. The smooth-leaved Winter Berry. Identification. Pursh FL Sept. Amer., I. p. 220. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 28. ; and our fig. 236. Sj)ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate, serrated, ^^^' the teeth directed forwards, acuminate ; glabrous on both surfaces, except on the nerves beneath, where they are slightly pubescent ; upper surface glossy. Flowers 6-clcft ; the male ones scattered ; the female ones axillary, solitary, almost sessile. (^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. New York to Virginia, on the Alle- ghany Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; July. Berries large, dark red ; ripe in November. The plant of this species in Lod- diges's arboretum was 4 ft. high in 1835. Readily distinguished by its somewhat more succulent leaves and shoots, the latter, when young, tinged with dark purple. 230. Prtiios Imvigatus. 837- Pimos laiicecliitus. fli 3. P. lanceolaVus Pursk. The \anceo\3Xe-leaved Winter Berry. Identification. Pursh Fl. Sept. Amer., 2. p. 27. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p 20. Synonymes. P. canadensis Lyon ; P. lilcidus Hort. Engraving. Our fig. 235. from a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate, remotely and very slightly serrulate, smooth on both surfaces. Male flowers aggregate, triandrous ; female ones mostly in pairs, peduncled, and 6-cle!'t. {Dec. Prod.) A deci- duous shrub. Carolina to Georgia, in low grounds. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers white ; June and July. Berries small, scarlet ; ripe in November, The plant in Loddiges's arboretum is 8 ft. high. § iii. Winterlia Moench. Sect. Char. Flowers, for the most part, 6-cleft. Leaves permanent. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 17 ^ M 3 166 ARBORETUxM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S38. PilntK Klaber. tt 6. P. GLAUBER L. The glabrous Winter Berry. Identification. Lits. Spec, 471. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synoiiymc. Ink berry, Amer. Engraving. Our fig. 238. from nature. The figure under this name in Wats. Dend., t. 27., is that of P. coriaceus Pursh. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Leaves lanceolate, with wedge-shaped bases, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, somewhat toothed at the tip. Flowers mostly three on an axillary peduncle that is usu- ally solitary. Fruit black. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Canada to Florida, in shady woods. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white ; July and August. Berries black ; ripe in November. A low but very handsome evergreen shrub, which, in its native country, makes a fine show, when covered with its black berries. In Loddiges's arbo- retum it has attained the height of 4 ft., with a regu- lar ovate shape, densely clothed with shining foliage. * 7. P. coRiA^CEUs Pursh. The coviaceons-leaved Winter Berry. Jdentiflcation. Pursh Fl. Sept. Amer., 1. p. 221. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 21. Synonyme. P. glaber Wats. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 27., and Bot.j Cab., 450., under the name of P. glaber ; and oux fig. 239. Spec. Char., ^c. Evergreen. Leaf lanceolate, with a wedge- shaped base, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, entire. Flowers in short, sessile, axillary corymbs, many in a corymb. {Dec. Prod.) A handsome, tall, evergreen shrub. Georgia, in sandy woods near the banks of rivers. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; June and July. Berry black ; ripe in November. Varieties. This species varies, with leaves broader, obovate- lanceolate, and acuminate; and narrower, lanceolate, and acute. {Bee. Prod.) The broad-leaved variety appears to be that figured in Lod. Hot. Cab., t. 430. The general aspect of- this plant is that of P\cx Dahoon. It is a handsome shrub, well deserving a place in collections. S39. Prtnos coriiceus. Other Species of Prhios. — P. dubius G. D^on. and P. atomdriits Nutt. have been introduced, and, probably, some others ; but we have only noticed those of which we have seen living plants, and which we consider to be tolerably distinct, though there are probably only three species of Prinos ; two of which are deciduous, and the other evergreen. ■ I Order XXIL iZHAMNA^CE^. Ord. Char. Calyx 4 — 3-cleft ; asstivation valvate. Corolla of 4 — 3 petals ; in some absent. Petals cucullate, or convolute, inserted into the orifice of the calyx. Stamens 4 — 3, opposite the petals, perigynous. Ovary supe- rior, or half-superior, 2-, 3-, or 4-celled, surrounded by a fleshy disk. Ovules one in a cell, erect, as are the seeds. Pridt fleshy and indehiscent, or dry and separating into 3 divisions. — Trees or shrubs, often spiny, and generally deciduous. {Lindl.) Leaves sinjple, alternate, very seldom opposite, with minute stipules, XXII. iiHAMNA'CE^: Zl'ZYPHUS. 167 deciduous or evergreen. Flowers axillary or terminal Chiefly natives of Europe or North America. They are ornamental in British gardens and shrubberies, chiefly from the va- riety of their foliage, and from their berries ; but some of them, as Ceanothus, from their flowers. They are all of easy culture ; and they are propagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers. The hardy genera in British gardens are six ; which are characterised as follows : — Zi'zvPHUS Tourn. Petals 5. Styles 2 — 3. Fruit an ovoid mucilaginous drupe. j^'uts 1 — 3-celled. Seed compressed. A deciduous low tree or shrub. PxLiv^RVS Tourn. Petals 5. Styles 3. Fruit dry, indehiscent, girded with a broad membranaceous wing, 3-celled. Seed ovate. Spiny shrubs. Bkrche'm/^ Necker. ' "^etals 5. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit an oblong dry drupe ; the nut 2-celled. A twining deciduous shrub from Caroima. J?ha'mnus Lam. Petals in ^me absent. Style 2 — 4-cleft. Fruit nearly dry, or berried, 2 — i-celled. Seed oblong. Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or'evergreen ; chiefly natives of Europe, but some of N. America and Asia. ColleV/^ Comm. Corolla none. Style ending in 3 teeth. Fruit a 3-celled capsule. Spiny shrubs ; natives of Peru or Chile. Ceano^thus L. Petals 5. Styles 2 — 3, united. Fruit a dry berry, 3-celled, rarely 2 — 4-celled. Seed ovate. Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, from North America. Genus I. ZI'ZYPHUS Tourn. The Jujube. lAn. Syst. Pentandria Di-Trigynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 403. ; Gaert. Fruct., 1. p. 43 ; Lam. 111., t. 185. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 198. ; Brongn. M6m. Rham., p. 47. Synonymes. Jujubier, Fr. ; Judendoni, Ger. ; Giuggiolo, Ital. Derivation. From zizovf, the Arabic name of the lotus. Gen. Char. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, unguiculate, convolute. Stamens 5, exserted. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk flat, pentagonal, ex- panded, adhering to the tube of the calyx. Ovary 2 — 3-celled, immersed in the disk. Styles 2 — 3. Fruit fleshy, containing a 1 — 2-celled nut. (Do7i's Mill., 2. p. 23.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; 3-nerved. Flowers axil- lary. — Only one hardy species. A low tree or shrub from Syria. 3? 1. Z. vuLGA^Ris Lain. The common, or cultivated, Jujube. Identification. Lam. 111., 185. f. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 19. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. Synonymes. ifhfemnus 2fzvphus Lin. Spec. 282., Pall. Fl. Eoss. 2. t. 59. ; Z. satlva Desf. Arb. 2. p. 373., iV. Du Ham. t. 16., but not of Gfert. ; Z. JUjuba Mill. Diet. No. 1., but not of Lam. ; Jiijubier cultiv<5, Fr. ; Brustbeeren, Ger.\ Giuggiolo, Ital. Engravings. Lam. lU., 185. f. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 16. ; and our^f^'. 240. Spec. Char., S^c. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves ovate, retuse, denticulate, glabrous ; or, beneath, pubescent along the nerves. Prickles not any, or twin, one of them recurved. Drupe ovate-oblong. (Dec. Prcd.) A deci- duous tree. The South of Europe and Syria, Height in the South of Europe 20 ft. to 30ft. ; and in England 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers greenish yellow; August and September. Fruit blood-red or saffron ; rarely seen in England. Stem thick, cylindrical, somewhat twisted. The bark is brown, and rather chapped. The branches are numerous, pliant, armed with prickles, zigzag in their direction ; the prickles at the joints being two of unequal size, of which one is almost straight, and the other shorter and quite straight. The leaves are alternate and oval-oblong, somewhat hard and coriaceous. The flowers are small, axillary, of a pale yellow colour, with short peduncles. The fruit 31 4 168 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. is oval-oblong, resembling that of the olive ; at first green, afterwards yellow, and entirely red when ripe. The juice of the fruit is used for making the jujube lozenges. The plant is tolerably hardy ; having stood the winter of 1837-8 in theHort. Soc. Garden. It is easily increased by cuttings of the roots, whether of ^^ young or old trees ; or by suckers, which it ^^ throws up in the greatest abundance. of it may also be procured from Italy. Seeds Other Species ofZhyphtis. — Z. sinensis \>mn. has been cultivated in the Hort. Soc. Garden but it is only half-hardy ; and the same may be said of Z. spina Christi, Z. Jlexudsa, and Z. incurva, which are marked in some cata- logues as hardy. Genus II. S40. Ziz)iihus vulgaris. PALIU'RUS L. The Paliurus, or Christ's Thorn. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Trigynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst.,t. 386. ; D. Don Prod Fl. Nep., p. 189. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 22. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. ; Brongn. Mem. Rham., p. 46. Synonymes. Paliure, Porte-chapeau, Fr.; Judendorn, Ger.; Paliuro, Ital. Derivation. From pallo, to move, and ouron, urine ; in allusion to its diuretic qualities ; or from Paliurus, the name of a town in Africa, now called Nabil. Ge7i. Char. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, convolute. Stamens 5, protruding. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk flat, pentagonal. Quart/ .3-celled. Styles 3. F/-uit dry, indehiscent, expanding into a membrane round the disk, containing a 3-cellcd nut. (Doti's Hill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; nerved with spines in the axils. Floivers axillary, greenish yellow. Two species are hardy, and very ornamental from their shining leaves, and abundance of rich greenish yellow flowers, which are succeeded by fruit of rather a singular form. Propagated by seeds, which they produce in England, in abundance. t ¥ * 1. P. ACULEA^TUS Lam. The prickly Paliurus, or Christ's Thorn. Identification. Lam. III., t. 210. ; Fl. Fr., ed. 3., No. 4081. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. Synoninnes. P. petasus Dum. Cours. 6. p. 266. ; P. austrMis Gcsrt. Fruct. 1. 1. 43. f. 5. ; P. vulgaris D. 'Don Prod. Fl. Nep.\%^.; iJh&mnus Paliirus Lin. Spec.'iSl.; Zizyphus PaliQrus (I (/M. Spec. 1. p. 1183., Sims Sot. Mag. t. 1893. ; Christ's Thorn, or Ram of Libya, Gerard \ E'pmp de Christ, Argalon, Porte-chapeau, Fr.; gefliigeltcr Judendorn, Ger. ; Giuggolo salvatico, Ifnl. ; Xlm, in the herb-shops of Constantinople, where the seeds are sold as a medicine, and as a yellow dye. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 210. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 17. ; Hot. Mag., t. 1893. ; the plates of this species, both in a young and an old state, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 241. Sj^ec. Char., cfc. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, serrulated, quite . smooth, 3-nerved, with two spines at the base, one straight, the other re- curved. Flowers in axillary crowded umbellules ; few in an umbcllule. Wing of capsule crenated. (Doit's Mill.) A branching deciduous shrub, or low tree. South of Europe, and North and West of Asia. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in ijiHk Flowers greenish yellow; June and July. Fruit yellow ; ripe in September. The fruit is buckler-shaped, flat and thin, but coriaceous. From the sin- gular appearance of this fruit, which has the footstalk attached to the middle. which is raised ike the crown of a hat ; and the flattened disk, which re- XXII. iJHAMNA CE^: BERCHEM/^. 169 241. Paliiirjs aculeatus. ■Senibles its brim; the French have given this tree the name o^ porte-chapeau. On both shores of the Mediterranean, it grows to about the same height as the common hawthorn, on rocky sterile places. In many parts of Italy the hedges are formed of this plant, as they are of the hawthorn in Britain ; it is also the common hedge plant in Asia. Any common soil ; seeds, or cuttings of the root. a 2. P. (a.) virga^tus D. Don. The twiggy Christ's Thorn. Identification. D. Don in Bot. Mag.; and FI. Nep., 189.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 253.5. ; and our fig. 242. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches smooth. Leaves obhquely cor- date, or eUipticai, 3-nerved, shining ; wing of fruit entire. {G.Don.) A deciduous shrub. Nepal, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers greenish yellow, in axillary corymbs ; July and August. Fruit yellow ; ripe in September. The only tree which we have seen of this species is in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, where in general aspect it bears a close resemblance to P. aculeatus, of which it is in all probability only a variety. Genus III. Tiightus. BERCHFM7J Neck. The Berchemia. Monogynia. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Jdeniification. Neck. Elem., 2. p. 122. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 22.; Brongn. Mem. Rbam., 49. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 27. Synonyme. CEndplia Hediv. F. Gen. 1. p. 151., and Schult. Syst. 5. p, 962. Derivation. From Berchem, probably the name of some botanist. Gen. Char. Caly.v with a hemispherical tube, and 3 erect segments. Petals 5, convolute. Stamens included within the petals. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. 170 ARBORETUM £T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Disk annular, rather flat. Ovary half-immersed in the disk, 2-celled. Style short, bifid at the apex. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 2-celled. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; nerved. Flowers terminal, dioecious by defect ; small, greenish yellow. — A twining deciduous shrub; a native of Carolina ; of easy culture in any common soil, and propagated by seeds, or cuttings of the root. -2 1. B. voLU^BiLis Dec. The twining Berchemia. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 22. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 27. Synonymes. iJhamnus \d\\xh\\\s Lin. fil. Suppl. \32., Jacg. Icon. iiar. t. 336. ; Zizyphus volilbills n'illd. Spec. 1. p. 1102. ; CEn6plia voiabilis Schnlt. Syst. 5. p. 332. ; Supple Jack, Virginian. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 336. ; our fig. 243. in flower, and fig. 244. in fruit, from nature. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches glabrous, rather twining. Leaves oval, mucronate, somewhat waved. Flowers dioecious. Drupes oblong. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous twining shrub, Carolina and Virginia, in deep swamps. Height, in America, 20 ft. to 50 ft,; in British gardens, 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1714. Flowers greenish yellow; June and July. Fruit violet-coloured; ripe in October. According to Pursh, this species, in Virginia, ascends the highest trees, and is known by the name of Supple Jack. The stems twine round one another, 243. Berch^miA voiiibilis. 244. Berchemia voliibilis. or any object which they may be near. In British gardens, they are seldom seen above 8 or 10 feet high; probably from little attention being paid to place the pliint in a deep sandy or peaty soil, and to supply it with abundance of moisture in the growing season. In fine seasons it ripens fruit. Genus IV. miM LMl V:^M iZHA'MNUS Lam. The Buckthorn. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Mono- gynia. Identification. Lam. Diet., 4. p. 461. ; Lam. 111., t. 128.; Gart. Fruct., 2. p. 106.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 23.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 29. ; Brongn. Mem. Rham., p. 53. Sijnonymes. Nerprun, Fr. ; Wegdoru, Ger. ; Ramno, Ital. ; the Ram, or Hart's.Thorne, Gerard; Box Thorn. Derivation. From the Celtic word, ram, signifying a tuft of branches ; whicli the Greeks have changed to rhamnos, and the Latins to ramus. Gen. Char. Calyx urceolate, 4 — 5-cleft. Stamens bearing ovate 2-celled an- thers. Disk thin, covering the tube of the calyx. Ovary free, 3 — 4-celled. Styles 3 — 4, connected or free. Frmt baccate, containing 3 — 4 indehiscent nuts. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous, sub-evergreen, or ever- XXII. iiHAMNACE^: JiHAMNUS. 171 green ; feather-nerved ; the stipules never converted into prickles. Flowers axillary, aggregate, often unisexual. Fruit not eatable, generally black, rarely red or yellow. Deciduous or evergreen shrubs, with the tips of their branches often be- coming spines. One or two species have the habit of low trees, and some of them are sub-procumbent or procumbent ; all of them, except the latter, being distinguished by an upright stiff mode of growth, and numerous strong thorns in their wild state ; whence the name of ram, or buck, thorn. The flowers in all the species are inconspicuous ; but R. yllaternus and its varieties are most valuable evergreen shrubs, and several of the other species are oi-na- mental, both from their fohage and their fruit ; the latter of which is also useful in dyeing. All the species are easily propagated by seeds or layers, and most of them by cuttings ; and they will all grow in any soil that is dry. They all vary much in magnitude by culture, in common with most plants which, in a wild state, grow in arid soils. § i. Marcorella Neck. Synonymes. ^hamnus and ^laternus of Tourn. Sect. Char. Flowers usually dicEcious, and 5-cleft. Fruit a berry, with 3 seeds, or, from abortion, 2 seeds. Seeds deeply furrowed, with the raphe in the bottom of the furrow. Leaves usually permanent ; coriaceous, and glabrous. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 23.) Evergreen Shrubs. 245. iih4mnus ^lat^miu A. Alate'rnus Tourn. Flowers racemose, 5-cleft. • 1. R. ^late'rnus L. The Alaternus. Identification. Lin. Spec, 281. : Eiec. Prod., 2. p. 23. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 30. Synonymes. yiflaternus Phill^rea Mill. Diet. No. I.; Alaterna, Ital. Derivniion. From alternus, a generic name adopted from Dios- corides, designating tiie alternate position of tiie leaves. Engravings. Mill. Diet., t. 16. f. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 42. 1. 14. ; and our Jig. 245. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves ovate-elliptical, op lance- olate, coriaceous, quite smooth, serrated. Flowers dioecious, disposed in short racemes. {Bon's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Intro- duced in 1 629. Flowers green, without any corolla ; April to June. Berry black ; ripe in October. Varieties. * R. A, 2 baledrica Hort. Par. The iJhamnus rotundifolius of Du- mont. — Leaves roundish. We take this as the first variety, assuming the species to be what is called R. A. latifolia, which is the commonest variety in British nurseries. » R. A. 3 hispdnica Hort. Par. (Our ^g. 246.) — Leaves ovate, a little toothed. » R. A. 4 angustifolia. R. Clijsii Willd. (Mill. Icon., t, 16. fig. 2. ; and our Jig. 247.) Leaves long and narrow. — This variety is so distinct, that it is by many authors considered as a species. It is of remarkably rapid growth. There are two subvarieties of it, the gold-striped, and the silver-striped ; both of remarkably free growth, i R. A. 5 foliis maculdtis. — Leaves blotched with yellow. «j R .4. .wgu.tifMia. » R. A. 6 foliis aureis. — Leaves edged with yellow. '24C. R. A. hisp&nicA* 172 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. • R. A. 7 fdliis argenteis. — This variety, which is very conspicuous from the large proportion of the leaves which is white, is more tender than some of the others. It generally does best against a wall, and is well worth a place there, on account of its splendid appearance, especially in winter. In British gardens, this shrub is particularly valuable for the rapidity of its growth in almost any soil and situation, more especially the narrow-leaved variety. It is less injured by the smoke of coal than most other evergreens. The species, and all the varieties, are readily pro- pagated by cuttings, which are taken oiF in autumn, and planted in sandy soil, in a shady border, and covered with a hand-glass. As the roots are not very productive of fibres, when large plants are chosen, they should be such as have been reared in pots, in order that they may receive no check from removal. 5!^ » 2. 72. hy'bridus Z/'i^mY. The hybrid Alaternus. Identification. L'Herit. Sert., t. 5. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 23. ; Don's Mill , 2. p. 33. Synonyme. R. burgundiacus Hort. Par. ; R. sempervlrens Hur- tulan. Engravings. L'Hierit. Sert., t. 5. ; and our fig. 248. Sjjec. Char., ($-c. Leaves oblong, acuminated, ser- rated, smooth, shining, hardly permanent, rather coriaceous. Flowers androgynous. (Don^s Mill.) A garden hybrid, a sub-evergreen shrub, raised from R. alpinus, fecundated by R. Alaternus, and forming a very distinct and desirable kind, which, in British gardens, grows to the height of 10 or 12 feet. The flowers are green, and appear in May or June. 21s. fthamims hjlindus. B. 'Rha'mnus Dec. Flowers 4:-cleft, in Fascicles. a. Branchlets termiiiating in a Thorn. 1 ^ 3. R. catha'rticus L. The purging Buckthorn. Spec, 280. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24. Don's Idcntmcation. Lin •Mill., 2. p. 30. Synonyme. The White Thorn of the modern Greeks. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1629. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 10. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and tour fig. 249. Sfec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves ovate, toothed. Flowers in fascicles, polygamo-dioecious. Berries 4-seeded, rather globose. {^Doiis Mill.) A deci- duous shrub or low tree. Europe and Britain, in woods and thickets, on calcareous loamy soil. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft.; in cultivation, 12 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers yellowish green, with very narrow petals ; May. Berry black ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood whitish. The flowers are, for the most part, hermaphro- dite, and in a wild state abundant and clustered ; but in a state of cultivation they are fewer, and nearly solitary. The juice of the unripe berries is of the colour of saifron, and it is used for staining maps or paper : they are sold under the name of French berries. The juice of the ripe berries, mixed with alum, forms the sap 249. Ali4mnus rathirticub. XXII BHAMNA CE^ : BHA MNUS. 173 green of painters; but, if the berries be gathered late in the autumn, the juice is purple. Plants of this species attain the height of 9 ft. in 10 years. St 4. R. TiNCTo^'Rius Waldst. The Dyer's Buckthorn. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Rar. Hung., 3. p. 255. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 31. Synonyme. R. cardiospermus IVilld. Herb. "^f^^ Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 97. and ourj^. 250., 'iCl ' Spec. Char., l^-c. Erect. Leaves ovate, crenate-ser- rated. Petioles villous. Flowers crowded, dioecious. Berries obcordate, .3 — 4-seeded. (Don^s Mill.) A de- ciduous shrub. Hungary, in hedges. Height 8 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Berries yellow ; ripe in September. A plant of this species, in the garden of the London nf^ Horticultural Society, was, in 183-i, 3 ft. high, after being 7 years planted. 250. iih4mnus tinctorius. J: 5. R. iNFECTo^Rius L. The staining Buckthorn, or Avignon Berry. Identification. Lin. Mant., 49. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24. ; Don's Mill.. 2. p. 31. Si/nomjmes. TJhamnus LJcium Scop. Cam. ed. 2. n. 260. ; dwarf, or yellow-berried. Buckthorn ; Nerprun des Teinturiers, Graine d' Avignon, Nerprun teignant, Fr. ; farbender Wegdorn, Ger. Engravings. Ard. Mem., 78. t. 14. ; N. Du Ham., vol. v. t. 73. ; and our fig. 251. Spec. Char., 4"^. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smoothish. Flowers dioecious, bearing petals in both sexes. (Do7i's Mill.) A deciduous, sub- procumbent shrub. South of Europe, in rocky places ; common about Avignon and the Vaucluse. Height 2 ft. Intro- duced in 1683. Flowers greenish yellov/ ; June and ^^.-i -i". ■. July. Berry 3-celled, black ; ripe in September. A^'^._:-[:,'-'y The root fixes itself so firmly in the fissures of the ^ ^'^ rocks, that the plant can scarcely be pulled up. The stem divides immediately into branches, that are very much subdivided, and form a very close head, the shoots having numerous spines, both terminating and lateral. The berries are used for dyeing leather yel- low ; and the Turkey leather, or yellow morocco, is generally supposed to be coloured by them. 251. Khamnus infectorius. jk 6. R. saxa'tilis L. The Stone Buckthorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1671.; Dec. Prod , 2. p. 24. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 31. Synonymes. R. longifolius Mill. Diet. ; Stein Wegdorn, Ger. ; Lycio Italiano, Ital. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t. 43. ; Hayne ."ihbild., t. 98. ; Schmidt, 3. t. 157. ; and our fig. 252. Spec. Char., Sic Procumbent, or erectish. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smooth- ish. Flowers dioecious, female ones destitute of petals. {Don's Mill.) A procumbent de- ciduous shrub. South of Europe, among rocks, in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece, Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1752, Flovvers greenish yellow ; June and July. Berries black, containing three whitish seeds, each enclosed in a dry whitish membrane, which separates, when ripe, into two parts with elastic force ; ripe in September, J* «. 7, i2, .BuxiFoYius Poir. The Box-leaved Buckthorn. Identification. Poir. Diet., 4. p. 463. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 24. : Don's Mill. 2 p. 31. Synonymes. 'iR. fiaxifdlius Brot. n. Lus. 1. p. 301. ; Lycium 6uxif61ium .BaaA. Engravings. Du Ham., 3. t. 3. No. 12. ; and our fig. 253. Spec. Char., Sfc. Diffuse. Leaves ovate, quite entire, mucronate, smooth. 252. Bhimnus sax&tlUs. 174 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. coriaceous, green on both sur- faces. (Don's Mill.) .A sub- evergreen shrub. Spain, Italy, and the Levant, on hills. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1820. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Berry y black ; ripe ?. A very neat shrub, of which there is a good specimen in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, which is quite hardy. tt. 8. B. LYCioi^DES Lin. The Lycium-like Buckthorn. Identification. Lin. Spec, 279. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 2.5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 31. Engravings. Cav. Icon., 2. t. 182. ; and our Jig. 254. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves linear, quite entire, obtuse, smooth. Flowers hermaphrodite. (Don's MiU.) A deciduous shrub. Spain, on the lime- stone hills of Valencia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1752. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Fruit ?. 2i3. n. 6ulif61ius. ^ 9. R. Erythro'xylon Pall. Buckthorn. Fl. Ross., 2. ; Dec. The red -wooded Prod., 2. p. 25. ; Don's Identification. Pall Mill., 2. p. 31. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 62. ; Itin., French edit, M4. R. JjciCides. t. 90. ; and our fig. 255. Spec. Char., S^c. Erect. Leaves linear, lanceolate, quite entire or serrated, smooth. Flowers hermaphrodite. Berries oblong. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous shrub. Mongolia and Siberia, near rivers. Height 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1823. Flowers greenish yellow ; July and August. Berries black ripe in September. Varieti/. ^ Ji. E. 2 angustisshnum Dec. Prod. 2. p. 25., R. /ycioides Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 63., and our Jig. 256., has the leaves narrow, smaller. and very finely serrulated, tive of Caucasus. Na- 25S. R. Erythrdxylon. Delights in a warm situation ; and in cold and humid places, Pallas ob- serves, it is never met with. The wood, on account of its hardness and red colour, is used by the Mongols for making their images; and the ber- ries, when macerated in water, afford them a deep yellow colour. The plant, in its wild state, is a prickly 256. R.E.ang\istls.iiinum bush ; but, when cultivated, the spines no longer appear. b. Branchlets not terminated by Spines. * 10. R. dahu'ricus Pall. The Dahurian Buckthorn, Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 61. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 25.; Don's Mill. 2 p 31 Etufra-jings. Pal.. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 61. ; and owe fig. 2,57. > • f- XXII. JSHAMNA CE^ : BHA'MNUS. 175 oblong- 257. Rh^mnus dahiiricus. Spec. Char., ^c. Erect. Leaves ovate, serrated, smooth, veiny. Flowers dioecious, female ones with bifid stigmas. (Don's Alill.) A deciduous shrub. Da- huria, near the river Arguinus. Height 5 ft. Introd. in 1817. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Berry black ; ripe Sept. The general appearance of the plant is 'Q that of R. catharticus, but it is without thorns. The wood is red, and is called sandal wood by the Russians. jt -^ \\. R. /'2tit a dry ovate drupe ; nut bony, and usually 1-celled, with a single seed affixed to the bottom. Coti/- ledom thick, flesh}^ oily, and bent back upon the radicle. — Small trees, natives of the South of Europe and Asia. Leaves compound, impari-|)innate, deciduous or evergreen ; dying off of a beautiful reddish purple ; young shoots tinged with purple. i ] . P. ve'ra L. The true Pistachia Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1454. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 64. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 65. Synonymes. Pistacia officinSrum Uort. Kew. ; Pistachier, Fr. ; Pistazienbaum, Ger. ; Pistacchio, Ital. ; Alfocigo, Span. Engravings. Blackw. Icon., t. 461 . ; N. Du Ham., 4. t. 17. ; and our^^. 278. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves deciduous, impari-pinnate, of 3 — 5 leaflets, rarely of 1 ; the leaflets ovate, a little tapered at the base, indistinctly niucronate at the i\^. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Syria. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1770. Flowers small, brownish green; April and May. Fruit reddish, an inch long, ovate ; ripe in Syria in September, rarely seen"in England. Varieties. The following are considered some authors as species : — ^ V. V. 2 trifolia Lin. Spec. 1454., Bocc. Mus. ii. t. 93., has leaves usually of 3 leaflets. 3f P. t). 3 narbonensis Bocc. Mus. t. ii. 693., P. reticulata Willd., has pinnate leaves, the leaflets having prominent veins. H. S. Cultivated in the South of France, and in Italy, for its fruit ; the nut of which is some- times eaten raw, but more frequently in a dried state, like almonds. In British gardens, the tree is not much planted, from its being generally supposed to require a wall ; but, in favourable situations, it will grow as a standard or a bush in any common garden soil, and may be propa- gated either by nuts procured from abroad, or by cuttings. * 2. P. Terebi'nthus Lin. The Turpentine Pistachia, or Venetian or Chian Turpentine Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1455. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 64. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 65. Synonymes. T. vulgaris Tourn. Inst. 579. ; P. vera Mill. Diet. No. 4. ; Pistachier Terebinthe, Fr ■ Terpentin Pistacie, Ger. ; Terebinto, Ital. Engravings. Woodv Med. Bot., 415. t. 153. ; and out Jig. 279. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, impari-pinnate, of about 7 leaflets, that are ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, and at the tip acute and mucro- nate. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 30 ft. In- troduced in 1G56. Flowers dull yellow and crimson ; June and July. Fruit dark blue, hardly bigger than a large pea. Varicti/. 'i^ P. T. 2 spharocdrpa Dec. — Fruit larger and rounder than that of the species. The general appearance of the tree is that of P. vera, but the leaves are larger, and the fruit only a third of the size ; the leaflets are, also, lanceolate, instead of being subovate. The red hue of the branches, espe- cially when young, is very beautiful ; and the leaves are „g p j-erebimhu*. Pistacia vera. 186 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. also more or less tinged with red. The fruit is round, not succulent, and somewhat furrowed ; at first green, and afterwards reddish; but black, or of a very dark blue, when ripe. The leaves and flowers emit a very resinous odour, which spreads to a considerable distance, more especially at sunset, wlien the dew is falling, after a very warm day. The substance called Venice or Chian turpentine is the resin which exudes from this tree. In British gardens, the tree is not very common, though it is generally considered as the hardiest of the genus; and, with P. vera, may be planted in warm. sheltered situations in the open border. f. 3. P. jLenti'scus L. The Mastich Tree. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 66. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1455. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 65 Synonyme. Corno capra, Itnl. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., t. 152. ; and oax Jig 280. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets 8, lanceolate; petiole winged. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen tree. Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Levant. Height 20 ft. Litroduced in leei. Flowers green ; April and May. Fruit brownish ; ripe in October. Varieties. i. P. L. 2 angustifolia Dec, P. massiliensis Mill. Diet., P. angustifolia massiliensis Tourn., has leaflets almost linear, and the tree seldom exceeds 10 ft. in height. t P. L. 3 chia N. Du Ham. iv. p. 72. ; P. chia Desf, Cat, Hort. Par. — A native of Scio, where it produces the mastich. The species bears a general resemblance to the two preceding ones, in summer, when they are clothed with foHage ; but it differs from them in being evergreen, and in having the leaves much smaller. The leaves have sometimes 3 leaflets on each side ; and the petioles are so much winged as to appear like pinnae. The tree in the South of Europe, and the North of Africa, is cultivated in gardens, as well as found in a wild state ; but in British gardens it is not so hardy as P. Te- rebfnthus, and north of London should always be planted against a wall. sso. pis^cia /.entiscus. Other Species of Vistdcia. — P. atlantica Desf., a deciduous tree from Mount Atlas, is said to have been introduced in 1.790, but it requires the protection of a frame or green-house. * Genus LI. . j^ I Pent&ndria Trigvnia and i^HU'S L. The Rhus, or Sumach. Lin. Syst. Dioe^cia Pentandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 369. ; Lam. 111., t. 207.; Kunth Gen. Tereb.,p. 5.; Dec. Prod.. 2. p. C6. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 61. and p. 69. Synonymes. Sumach, Fr. and Ger. ; Ru, Ital. Derivation. From r/ioos, or r/ious, Greek, or from rhtidd, or rud, Celtic, red; in allusion to the colour of the fruit and leaves of some of the species in autumn. Others derive flhiis from the Greek verb rlico, I run, from the habit of the roots running and sjireading under ground to a considerable distance from the tree. Sumach is derived from Simaq, the Arabic name of the plant. Gen. Char. Sexes hermaphrodite, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx small, 5-parted, persistent. Petals ovate, and inserted into a calycine disk, or into the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted into a calycine disk. Ovary single, XXIV. ANACARDIA^CEiE : iJHU's. 187 subglobular, of 1 cell. Styles 3, short, or wanting. Stigmas 3. Fruit an almost dry drupe of 1 cell, with a bony nut, which includes a singl(^ seed ; and, in some instances, 2 — 3 seeds. {Dec. Prod.) — Deciduous shrubs. Na- tives of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Leaves simple or unequally pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers in terminal racemes, or panicles. — The leaves vary much, both in forta and magnitude ; and they generally die off, in autumn, of a dark red, or a bright scarlet, or yellow, when they are very ornamental. Most of the species are poisonous, some highly so ; and they all may be used in tanning, and dyeing yellow or black. They are all easily propagated by cuttings of the root, and some of them by cuttings of the branches. Some of the hardy species are rambhng climbers, and others tree-like bushes. § i. Cotinus Tourn. Sect. Char. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. ^ 1. R. Co'tinus L. The Cotinus Rhus, or Venetian Sumach. Identificalion. Lin. Spec, 383. ; Dec. Prod , 2. p. 67. ; Don's Mill.. 2. p. 69. Synonymes. C6tinus Coggygria Scop. Cnrn.eA. 2. No. 368.. Mcench Meth.'Z.; Cotinus coriacea Duh. Arb. l.t. VS.; Venus Sumach, Venice Sumach, wild Olive; Sumach Fustet, or Arbre aux Peruques, Fr. ; Periicken Sumach. Ger. ; Scotano, Hal. Derivalion. The term C6tinus is derived from cotinos, a name under which Pliny spealss of a tree with red wood, which is supposed to grow in the Apennines. Engravings. Jacq. Aust., t. 210. ; and our Jig. 281. Spec. Char., <$-c. Leaves obovate. (Dec. Prod.) A de- ciduous rambling shrub. Spain to Caucasus ; and, accord- ing to Torrey and Gray, probably of North America. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. wild ; 6 ft. to 8 ft. in a state of cul- ture. Introduced in 1656. Flowers pale purplish, or flesh colour ; June and July. Fruit white ; ripe |n Sep- tember. Decaying leaves of a fine reddish yellow.' Naked young wood smooth brown. The flowers are disposed in loose panicles, and are her- maphrodite. The drupe is half-heart-shaped, smooth, and veiny ; and its nut is triangular. Many of the flowers are abortive ; and their pedicels, after flowering, lengthen, and become hairy. A highly ornamental shrub, more especially when covered with its large loose panicles of elongated hairy pedicels. It is easily known from all the other species by its simple, obovate, smooth, stiff, lucid green leaves, rounded at the points, and supported by long footstalks, which remain on till they are killed by frost, so that the plant is almost a sub-evergreen. A dry loam suits it best; and it is propa- gated by pegging down the branches flat to the ground, and strewing earth over them, through which young shoots rise up, which root at the base, and may be removed in autumn. § ii. Sumach Dec. Sect. Char. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets more than 3 in the leaves of each of th'e first 6 species of this section. Flowers in panicles, polygamous, dioecious, or hermaphrodite. s^ 2 2. ii. TYPHi^NA L. The Fever Rhus, or Stag's Horn Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec, 380. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 70. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 217. Synonymes. R. virginiana Bauh. Pin. p. 517. ; Virginian Sumach. Engravings. N. Du H., 2. t. 47. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 17. and t. 18. ; and our Jig. 282., the male. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaf of 8 — 10 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one, that are lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, hau-y beneath. Petiole and branches hairy. 281. R. Ciitinus. 1S8 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub, with the habit of a low deciduous tree. Canada to Carolina, in rocky dry situations. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers, female dark purple, male greenish yellow and purple ; July and August. Fruit hairy, purple ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark purple or red, sometimes mixed with yellow. Naked young wood dark brown, hairy. DeCandolle has characterised two forms of this species as follows : — t'R.t. 1 arhorescens. — A tree between 10 ft. and 23 ft. high ; leaf slightly downy beneath. sjfe R. t. 2fnttescens. — Shrubby, between 2ft. and 10ft. high; and its leaf downy and whitish beneath. i R. ^. 3 viridiflora. R. viridiflora Foir. — Flowers green. Possibly nothing more than the male |)lant,. Rhixs typhina, in British gardens, is either a large shrub, or a low tree with a woody stem and a head composed of many irregular branches, generally crooked and deformed. The young shoots are covered with a soft velvet-like down, resembling that of a young stag's horn, both in colour and texture ; whence, and probably also from the crookedness of the branches, the common name. The cellular tissue of the wood is of an orange colour, with a strong aromatic odour, and a copious resinous juice. The leaves are 2 ft. to 3 ft. long, and they are very conspicuous in autumn, before they drop off, when they change to a {)U'*j)lish or yellowish red. The fl()Aers are produced in close spikes at ?« the ends of the branches ; they are often polygamous or di- oecious by abortion, and the female ones are followed by seeds enclosed in woolly, simple, succulent covers. As the plant is of open irregular growth, and not of long duration, it should never be placed where it is intended to act as a screen. Like all objects the chief beauty of which consists in their singularity, it produces the most striking effect when standing alone on a lawn. St 1 ^. R. (? T.) gla'bra Lin. The glajarous Rhus, or Scarlet Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec, 380.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 70 ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 217. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 1.5. ; and our fig. 283., the female. Sj)ec. Char., Sfc. Leaf glabrous, of 8 — 10 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, serrate, whitish beneath. Branches glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Canada to Georgia. Height o ft. to 18 ft. Litrodiiced in 1726. Flowers, male greenish yellow, female greeni.^h red. Fruit red ; ripe in October. DeCandolle has distinguished three forms of this species ; namely : — 282. ifhrts typhina. Hi ^ t. 243. — Flowers her- t. 207. f. 1. — Flowers aife R. g. 1 hermaphrodifa, R. glabra Willd. Spec. i. p. 1478., Dill. Elih maphrodite. greenish. R. g. 2 dioica Lam. 111. dioecious, greenish. R. g. ? 3 coccinca. R. carolinianum Mill. Diet. ; R. elegans Ait., Lodd. Cat., Dend. Brit. t. 1 6. — Flowers dioecious, red. This variety is dis- Xg3. Bhfis glkbra. XXIV. ANACARDIA^CE^ : iZHU's. 189 tingiiished by a more upright habit of growth, and smoother branches and leaves, than i?. glabra. The leaves are glaucous underneath; and the fruit is of a rich velvety crimson. The general appearance of the species is similar to that of R. typhina ; but the leaves and the entire plant are smaller, the branches more spreading and smooth, and the leaflets wider, less serrated, and of a deeper green. ^ 4. R. venexaVa Dec. The poisonous Rhus, Poison Wood, or Swamj} Sumach, Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. G8. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 71. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 218. Synoni/mcs. R. \ernix. Lin. Spec. 380., Big. Med. liot. I. p. 96. t. 10.; Toxicodendron pinnatum Hill. Diet. No. 5. ; Poison Sumach, Poison Elder. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 19. ; and o\ii-fl». 284 Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaf rather glabrous than pubescent, of 3 — 6 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one, which are ovate-ianceolate, acuminate, entire, and beneath reticulately veined. {Dec Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana, in swamps. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 1713. Flowers green; July. Berry smooth, greenish white; ripe in ? October. Decaying leaves intense red, or purple. Naked young wood purplish green. The leaves are divided like those of R. typhina and R. glabra ; but they are quite /^\ different from those of both kinds, in being fl^^ smooth, shining, and having the leaflets very ^^i^ entire, narrow, and pointed, and the veins of a purplish red colour. The whole shrub is in a high degree poisonous ; and the poison is communicated by touching or smelling any part of it. In British gardens it is not very common ; but it well deserves culture, on account of the beauty of its smooth shining foliage at all seasons, and of its almost un- paralleled splendour in the autumn, from the time that the leaves begin to change colour, till they ultimately drop off, of an intense purple or scarlet, with the first frost. ^"i 5. R. CoRiA^RiA Lhi. The hide-tanning Rhus, or the Elm-leaved Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec, 3"9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 70. Derivation. Coriaria alludes to the use made of this plant by the Romans, and also by theTurks, in tanning leather. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 46. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., 1. 136. ; and onr Jigs. 285. and 286. Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaf villose, of 5 — 7 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one ; leaflets elliptical, and toothed with large and blunt teeth. The petiole smooth at the tip, a little margined. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Portugal to Tauria, on rocks in exposed situations. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1629 Flowers whitish green, in large loose panicles ; July and August. ..^S^V Ui^ t^'^4 Fruit red ; ripe in October, rare ' in England. De- caying leaves pur- plish red. 286. R. Coriiiia. The general habit oi this plant resembles that of R. typhina ; but it is 284. Rhus venenata. 286. ilhUs Coiitna. 190 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. much smaller in all its parts. The leaflets are about 2 in. long, and ^ in. wide, of a pale green, serrated, and in general appearance resembling the leaves of the common elm. Culture as in R. typhina. 31 6. R. coPALLi^NA Lin. The Gum Copal Rhus, o? Mastich-tree-leaved Sumach. Jdentification. Lin. Spec, 380. ; Dec. Prod, 5. p. 68.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 72.; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 217. Engravings. Jacq. Hort. Schon., t. 341. ; Pluk. Aim., p. 56. f. 1. ; and our^i^. 287. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaf glabrous above, a little pilose beneath, of 5 — 7 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one; leaHets lanceolate and entire. Petiole winged and jointed. Root stoloniferous. Flowers yellow green. Sexes dioecious. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Florida. Height 3 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1688. Flowers yellowish green; July and August Berries red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Varieties. Three forms are given by Torrey and Gray: — a. Leaflets entire, usually acuminate, which may be considered as the species : /3, leaflets coarsely and unequally serrate: and y, leaflets (about 21) small, oblong, acute at the base; obtuse and slightly mucronate at the apex; petiole nar rowly winged. Jacquin has ^ R. c, 2 leiicdntha Jac. Hort. Schon., t. 342. — Root not stoloniferous. Panicles more contracted than in the species. The leaves and general habit of the plant are those of R. typhina, but it seldom grows to the height of more than 4 or 3 feet in British gardens. The branches are smooth, and the leaflets entire with acute points ; they are light green on both sides, and in autumn change to a fine purple. The petiole, as in R. Covi- aria, is somewhat winged towards its tip, which, with other circumstances, induces us to think that they may both be varieties of the same species. The leaves are used as tobacco by the Indians of the Missouri and the Mississippi. -* J. l.R. Toxicode'ndron L. Identification. Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 218. , Toxicodendron, an( ngraving. Our fig. 000. in p. 000. Spec. Char., c^c. Stem erect, decumbent, or climbing by radicles. Leaves 3- foliolate, somewhat pubescent ; leaflets (membranaceous) broadly oval or rhomboid, acuminate, entire or toothed, the lateral ones inequilateral. Pa- nicles racemed, axillary, subsessile. Drupe subglobose, smooth. {Toirey and Gray.) A low rambling or climbing shrub. Canada to Georgia, in shady damp places. Stems 10 ft. to 20 ft. as a climber ; or 3 ft. to b ft. high as a bush. Introduced in 1640. Flowers greenish, mostly dioecious; June and July. Berry pale chestnut ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Varieties. The following forms are given by Torrey and Gray : — -* R. T. I quercifdlium Tor. & Gray. R. T. /S guercifolium Michx. — Not climbing ; leaves entire, or variously and irregularly sinuatedly toothed, or lobed. The R. Toxicodendron of the London gardens, readily distinguished from the two following varieties, by its deeply sinuated, or almost pinnatifid, leaflets. It grows to the height of 287. Rhus copalllna. The Poison-Tree Rhus, or Sumach. Synonymes. R. Toxicodendron, and R. radlcans L., Dec, Don's Mill., S[C. En ' ^ - ""'■ XXIV. ANACARDIA^CEiE : iJHU's. 191 3 ft. to i ft. with several upright stems, forming a small bush, froni the base of which proceed many prostrate runners. ^ IR. T. 2 radlcans Tor. & Gray. li. T. a vulgare Alichx. ; R. T. /3 ra- dicans Tor. (Bot. Mag. t. 1806. and N. Du Ham. 2. t.48., and our Jigs. 288. and 289.) — Climbing ; leaves more commonly entire, or nearly so. The i?hus radicans of the London gardens, readily known from the preceding variety by its trailing or climbing stem, and by its entire leaflets. i8S. /ihas Toxicodendron radlcans. 289. Rhus Toxicodindion radicans. ^ 1 R. 7". 3 mia-ocdrpon Tor. & Gray R. Toxicodendron 7 microcarpon Mickx. — Leaves oval-oblong; fruit smaller. These varieties, which have been hitherto, for the most part, treated as belonging to two species, R. radicans and R. Toxicodendron, are com- mon in many parts of North America; sometimes covering the surface of the ground to a great extent, and at other times climbing to the top of the highest trees, and penetrating the bark with their fibrous roots. The terri- ble effects of their poison are frequent, and well authenticated. § iii. Lobddium Dec. Sect. Char. Leaf of 3 leaflets, and palmately disposed on the tip of the com- mon petiole, cut in a serrate manner; the teeth large. Flowers in a dense catkin. Sexes polygamous. There are two-lobed glands under the ovary, alternate with the stamens. Styles 3, short, distinct. Drupe rather com- press ed, villose. Nut smooth. Ai-omatic shrubs. (^Dec. Prod., ii. p. 72.) Ji 8. R. aroma'tica Ait. The aromatic Rhus, or Sumach. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 367. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p 73. ; Don's Mil!., 2. p. 75. Gray, 1. p. 219. Synonymes. Ii. suaveolens Ait. ; R. trifoliS^ta Lodd. Cat. , R. canadensis Marsh.; Lobadium aromftticum Raf.; Turpin/a Raf. ; Schmalz/a Desv. ; il/yrica trifoliata Hort. ; Toxico- dendron crenatum Mill. Diet. No. 5. Engravings. Turn, in An. du Mus., 5. p. 44.5. t. 30. ; and our ^.290. Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves pubescent when young (at length coriaceous, and often glabrous) ; leal- lets sessile, rhomboid-ovate, unequally and in- cisively toothed, the terminal one narrowed at the base. {Tor. and Gray.^ A small aromatic shrub. Pennsylvania to Carolina and Georgia. Height 1ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1772. Flowers small, yellow ; April and May. Fruit small, light red ; ripe in September. Drupes the size of a small pea, light red, more Tor. and Ahfis aromatica. 192 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. or less hispid, slightly compressed, agreeably acid. This species varies greatly in the degree of pubescence of the leaves. R. suaveolens Ait. o: ly differs in having the leaves almost glabrous. H. S. Other Species of Rhus. — Several names are in the London catalogues, which are synonymes of kinds which have been lost, or are not distinctly known by us. R. piimila Michx, R. diversiloba Tor. ared to a fleet of shii>s employed in manoeuvring, or to I persons engaged in dancing. Seeds have been produced plentifully in the : Hort. Soc. Garden by D. dependens, trained to a south wall ; and seeds of D. latifolia are often imported from Chili. Cuttings of the ripe wood root i in sand, under a bell-glass, in a gentle heat. D. dependens was but little > injured at Kew, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, and in the Hort. Soc. Garden, by the winter of 1837-8 ; and D. ovata was not injured at all, and maybe considered as an evergreen shrub, as hardy in the climate of London as Aris- totelia Mdcqui. « 5 1. D. depe'ndens Z)ec. The drooping-SraMc/ief/ Duvaua. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 74. ; Don's Mill. , % p. 76. Synonymes. Jniyris poly^auia Cav. Icon. 3. p. 20. t. 239. ; Schlnus dependens Ort. Decad. 8. p. 102.; Duvaua dependens a Hook. Bot. Misc. 2. p. 176. Engravings. Cav. Ic, t. 239. ; Bot. Keg., t. 1.573. ; and our fig. 291. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves mostly, especially u[)on the flower-bearing branches, obovate, and very obtuse, jr even emarginate, with scarcely any denticu- lations. Racemes scarcely exceetling the leaves in length. Stamens mostly 10. Flowers smaller than those of D. ovata. (Lindl.) An evergreen cree; in British gardens a wall shrub. Chili. Height in England 10 ft. to 12 ft. XXIV. ANACARDIA^CEJi; '. DUVAU'^. 193 Introduced in 1790. Flowers yellowish white ; June and July. Beriies black ; ripe n Sept. There is an old plant in the Botanic Garden at Kew, and a tree in the Chelsea Botanic Gar- den, which is 12 ft. high, with a trunk 7 in. in circumference. The plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden passed seven winters against a wall with a southern exposure, till the winter of 1837-8, when it was killed down to the ground ; but it has sprung up again vigorously. » t 2. D. OVA TA Lindl. The oyzte-leaved Duvaua, Lindl. in Bot. 29!!. Duvalla ovitd. » i 3. D. Identification. Keg., t. \bm. Engriivings. Bot. Reg., t. 1.568.; and our J?g-. '292 " "^;".;- ''-^ . ^ Y^ Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves '^'- D"va. Don Brit. Fl. Gard. 2. st. 390. ; S. acutifo- lium Lindl. Bot. Reg. ; and our Jig. 304. ) has the flowers sweet- scented, and the leaves more acute than those of the species. Raised from Turkish seeds. S S. j. SJlore plcno has double flowers smooth, An up- Spain, to 8 ft. ; 304. Spartium Junceuir. odotatissimum. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : GENl'sTA. '203 In Italy and the South of France a very good cloth is manufactured from the fibres of this plant. Both in Spain and France, the shoots are used for forming baskets, and for tying up vines and other fruit trees. The bees are said to be very fond of the flowers ; and the seeds are eaten with great avidity by poultry, par- tridges, &c. Medicinally, the flowers and leaves, in infusion, act as an emetic, or, in a larger quantity, as an aperient. In Britain, the plant is solely regarded as an ornamental shrub. Seeds are produced in abundance, and they will come up in any soil that is tolerably drv. In the nursery, they ought to be transplanted every year, as they are apt to form long taproots and very few fibres. Genus VI. 305. Spaitiumjunceum. a£^ (JENI'STA Lmn. The Genista. Lin. Si/st. Monadelphia Decandria. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 616. ; 111. t. 619. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14.5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 148. Synonymes. Genista, et Sp&rtium, spec. Lin. ; Genet, Fr. ; Ginster, Ger. ; Ginestra, Ital. Gen. Char. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip bipartite, lower one tridentate, or 5- lobed, the three lower lobes nearly joined to the apex. Vexillum oblong-oval. Carina oblong, straight, not always containing the stamens and pistils. Sta- mens monadelphous. Legume compressed, many-seeded. (Dons Mill.) Leaves simple or compound, alternate, rarely opposite, stipulate, decidu- ous or sub-evergreen ; lanceolate, linear, or trifoliolate. Flowers terminal or axillary, yellow. The hardy species are deciduous or sub-evergreen shrubs, generally with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers ; there is a great sameness of character among them, and, though many are quite distinct, yec it is highly probable that the greater number now recorded as species are only varieties. They are chiefly nativesof Europe; but a few are found in the North of Africa. As they grow rapidly, and flower freely, especially on soils not wet at bottom, they are desirable plants for newly formed shrubberies, but in general they are not of long duration. A number of the species were formerly included under the genus .Spartium and some under Cytisus, from which they have been separated by Lamarck, whose arrangement, as modified by DeCandolle, we have adopted in the following enumeration. 6 1. Unarmed. Leaves all, or for the most part, trifoliolate. a 1. G. parviflo'r.4 Dec. The small- flowered Genista. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 145. ; Don's Mill 2. p. 148. ■' Synonyme. Sp4rtiuin parviflbrum Vent. Hort. Cels. Engravings. Vent. Hort. Cels., t. 87.; and our fe 306. Spec.Char.,Sfc. Leaf trifoliolate, the petiole very short; and the leaflets usually deci- duous, very narrow, glabrous. Flowers in lengthened terminal racemes. Le- gumes compressed, 1— 3-seeded, rather pubescent, being covered with minute closely pressed down, slightly spread- ing. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Levant, near the Gulf of Mundania. Genf 6ta parvifldra . 204 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. H. S. The whitish Genista. , 2. p. 145.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. ; G. c&ndicani. Height 6 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1817. Flowers yellow ; May to August. Legume ?. at « 2. G. ca'ndicans L. Identification. Lin. Amoen. ; Dec. Prod Webb Iter Hispan., 50. ^ „ „ ,- -,,1 Synonymes. Cvtisus candicans Lin. Sp. ; C. pubescens Ucench. Engnivings. Dend. Brit., t. 80. ; and oar Jig. 307. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaf trifoliolate, petiolate ; leaflets obovate, pubescent, with appressed down. Branches angled. Flowers in terminal heads, few in a head. Legume hairy. (Dec. Prod.) A hoary sub-evergreen shrub, of short du- ration. Mogador, Italy, and the Levant. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers large, yellow, scent- . less; April to July. Legume?. The great advantage of this species is, that it grows rapidly, and flowers freely. 307 Hi 3. G. PATTENS Dec. The spreading Genista. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 145.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149.; Webb Iter Hispan., p. .50. Synonynie. Spartium patens Cav. Icon. 2. p. 58., exclusive of the synonyme. Engravings. Cav. Icon., 2. p. .58. t. 176.; and our fig. 308. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches striated, twiggy, glabrous. Leaves stalked, trifoliolate. Leaflets obovate, pu- bescent beneath. Flowers in fours, pedicellate, nearly terminal. Legume glabrous, 3 — 6-seeded. {Donh Mill.) A spreading shrub. Spain. On mountains near Albayda, and found by P. B. Webb on Monte Santo in Catalonia. Introduced in ? 1830. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow ; April to July. It diff'ers from C\ tisus patens, in the upper lip of the calyx being acutely bipartite ; lower lip of three bristles, not with the lips nearly equal and entire. gog. Genista patens. -* 4. G. tri'quetra Ait. The triangular-sto?;?nefi? Genista. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. and our fig. 309. Char., Sfc. Branches 3-sided, decumbent, the younger ones villose. Leaves trifoliolate, simple about the extremities of the branches ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, villose. Flowers in short terminal ra- cemes. {Dec. Prod.) A trailing shrub, evergreen from the colour of its shoots. Spain, Italy, and France. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1748. Flovvers yellow; April to July. Legume '?. No shrub is more ornamental on rockwork ; and, when trained to a stake and allowed to form a head, or grafted standard high on a laburnum, it forms a singular object, and, when in flower, a most magnificent one. It is also an admirable plant for training against a wall, particularly in dry situations, where it is exposed to the sun. j± 5. G. UMBEiXA^TA Poir. The umhe\\ate-^owei-ed Genista. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 715. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. ; Webb Iter Si^mpmrs'^' ispartium umbellfitum Dcsf. Atl. 2. p. 133.. L'Herit. Stirp. 183. ; Bolina, in Andalusia. Engraving. Our fig. . in p. Spec. Char., Ike. Leaf trifoliolate, its petiole short, its leaflets linear-lanceolate. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 14 Si/noriyinc. G. trlqiietra Lam. ? Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 314. ; Dend. Brit., t. 79 Spec. 309. G. triquelra. XXV. legumina'ce;e : geni'sta. 205 Diet., and rather silky. Flowers in terminal heads. Calyx hairy, in a silky man- ner. Corolla and legume silky. Branches glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) Alow shrub. Burbary, on arid hills ; and Spain, in Andalusia, on hills. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1779. Flowers yellow ; April to June. Varieti/. ^ G. It. 2 capitdta Dec. 5partium capitatum Cav. Annal. 1801, p. 63. — Branches and leaves covered with silky villi. Native of Mogador. § 2. Spinose. Leaves all, or some ofthevi, trifoliolate. jn 6. G. lusita'nica L. The Portugal Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 999., exclusive of the synonymes of Clus. and J. Bauh. ; Lara 2. p. 662., exclusive of the sjmonj mes ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4.50. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., t.419.; and oar fig. 310. Spec. Char., S(c. Branches spiny, round, becoming striate. Leaves trifoliolate, opposite, upon short petioles ; the leaflets linear, folded, somewhat silky. Flowers few, terminal. Calyx very hairy. {Dec. Prod.) A very spiny shrub, ever- green from the colour of its young shoots. Portugal. Height 4 ft. Introduced in 1771. Flowers yellow ; March to May. Legume ?. Remarkable for having opposite leaves and branches ; a cha- racter not common among Leguminaceae. 310. G.lusitanica. jd 7. G. (l.) radia'ta Scop. The rayed-SrawcAec? Genista. Identification. Scnp. Cam., No. 871. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. Si/nont/mes. Spftrtiura radiatum Lin. Sp. 996., Mill. Icon., Si?ns Bit. Mag. ; G, ilvensis Dalech. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 249. f. 1.; Bot. Mag., t. 2260. ; and onr fig. 311. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches angled, grouped, glabrous. Leaf trifoliolate, almost sessile, opposite, the leaflets somewhat silky. Flowers in terminal heads, 2 — 4 in a head. Corolla and legume silky. The old branches show a tendency to become spiny. The legumes are oval, short, compressed, pointed with the style, and include two seeds. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub, of short duration, evergreen from the colour of its young shoots. Italy, Carniola, and the Vallais. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1758. Flowers yellow; June and July. Legume ?. Varieti/. -" G. (/.) r. 2 umbelldta, G. umbellata Poir., iS'partium umbellatum Desf., appears, from a plant that was in the Hort. Soc. Garden in 1837, to belong to this species. Differing from G. lusitanica principally in being without spines, and having its leaves somewhat longer. Both G. radiata and G. lusitanica have a very singular appearance when without their leaves ; and, in that point of view, they may be considered as almost as interesting in winter as they are in summer. J» 8. G. £phedr6i^des Dec. The Ephedra-like Genista. Identification. Dec. Legum. Mem., 6. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 147. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 150. Engravings. Dec. Legum Mem., 6. t. 36. ; Maund's Botanic Garden, t. 498. ; and OUT fig. 312. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves some trifoliolate, some simple, few ses- sile ; leaflets linear, almost glabrous. Branches rigid, round, becoming striated and spiny. Flowers in spikes, alternate, yellow. Calyx somewhat pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub. 311. 6. (I.) ladi^ta. 206 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 313. G. triac^nthos. It evergreen from the colour of its young slender shoots. Sardinia. Height 2 ft. ; in British gardens 4 ft. Introduced in 1832. Flowers small, yellow ; June to September. Legume?. The whole plant is glabrous, and resembles in appear- ance J5:'phedra distachya. Cuttings strike readily. J* 9. G. tr[aca'nthos Brot. The three-spined Genista. rdenltfication. Brot. Phyt., 130. t. 54. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 147. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 150. Synonyme. G. rostrata Poir. Suppl. 1. p. 719. Engravings. Brot. Phyt., t. 54. ; and owe fig. 313. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves sessile, trifoliolate and simple, gla- brous. Leaflets linear-lanceolate. Branchlets spiny, branch- ed. Flowers in terminal racemes, few in a raceme. Calyx, corolla, and legume glabrous ; legume 1-seeded. The spines are simple, trifid, or branched. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous undershrub. Portugal, on mountains and in woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 182 L Flowers yellow ; May to July. Legume ?. Variety. Jt G. t. 2 interrupta Dec, S'partium interriiptum Cav. Anna!., 1801, vol. iv. p. 58., has linear leaflets, and branches usually simple, and shorter than those of the species, is found wild about Tangier. j» 10. G. ho'rrida Dec. The horrid Genista. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 500. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. ; Webb. Iter Hispan., 51. Synonymes. Spartium horridura J'aU Symb. 1. p. 51., exclusive of the synonyme ; G. erinacea Gilib. Bot. Prat. 2. p. 239. Engravings. Gilib. Bot. Prat., 2. p. 239. icon. ; and our Jig. 314. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches grouped, angled, spiny, opposite. Leaves trifoliolate, opposite ; the leaflets linear, folded, somewhat silky. Flowers few, almost terminal. Calyx pubescent. {Dec Prod.) A native of the Pyrenees. Height 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1821. Flowers yellow; May and June. Legume ?. 6 3. Spinose. Leaves all simple, jbk 11. G. sylve'stris Scop. The wood Genista. Identification. Scop. Cam., No. 875. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 148. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. Synonyme. G. hispanica Jacq. Icon. Bar. t. 557. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 557. ; and oar fig. 315. Spec. Char., S/'c. Leaves simple, linear-awl- shaped, glabrous above, villose in a closely pressed manner beneath. Spines axillary, branched, slender. Flowers glabrous, dis[)osed in a terminal spiked raceme. Teeth of the calyx almost spin}'. The keel longer than the standard and wings. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous undershrub. Carniola and Croatia, on hills. Height 1ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume ?. 314 Genista hdirida. ji 12. G. iJco'rpius Dec. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 498. ; Dec Prod. 315. GenlsU sylv<ris. The Scorpion Genista. 2. p. 148. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. ; Webb Itei Identification. Hispan., 51. Synonymes. Spartium Sc6rpius Lin. Sp. 995. ; G. spiniflBra Lam. Diet. 2. p. 621. ; Scorpion Furze Gerard. Engravings. Dend Brit., t. 78. ; snd our yfif. 316. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE : GENl'sTA. 207 3Ifi. G. Scdrjiius. Sj^ec. Char., ^c. Spiny ; spines branched, spreading, striated, glabrous. Leaves simple, very few, oblong, somewhat silky. Flowers glabrous, upon short pe- dicels, in groups disposed somewhat racemosely ; the keel as long as the standard. Legume containing 2 — 1 geeds. {Dec. Prod.) An upright, deciduous, spiny shrub. South of Europe and Barbary, in arid places. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1570. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Legume ?. A spiny shrub, almost leafless when the shoots are full grown. This species is commonly thought to be the iScorpius of Theophrastus. jt 13. G. hispa'nica L. The Spanish Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 999. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 148.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151.; Webb Iter Hispaii.,68. Synonyme. Spanish Furze, jHort. Engravings. Cav. Icon., 3. t. 211. ; Lam. 111., t. 619. f. 3. ; and onrjig. 317. Sjyec. Char., ^-c. Spiny, except in the flower-bearing branches ; spines branched, rigid. Leaves simple, lanceo- late, villose. Flowers in a terminal subcapitate raceme. Keel villose, the length of the glabrous standard. Le- gume oval, including 2 — 4 seeds ; when ripe, rather gla- brous. {Dec. Prod.) A diminutive undershrub, evergreen from the colour of its shoots. Spain and the South of France. Height i ft. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume ?. 317. a. hlspAnica. J* 14. G. a'nglica L. The English Genista, or Petty Whin. Identification. Lin. Sp., 999. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. Synonyme. G. minor Lam. Fl. Fr. 2. p. C15. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 132. ; Lobel Icon., 2. p. 93. f. 2. ; and our j?g. 318. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spiny, except in the flower- bearing branches ; spines simple ; the whole plant glabrous. Leaves simple, ovate-lanceo- late. Flowers in terminal racemes, few in a raceme ; the keel longer than the standard and wings. Legume ovately cylindrical, including many seeds. (Dec. Prod.) A prostrate de- ciduous shrub, with woody stems. Native of the Middle and North of Europe ; and fre- quent in Britain, on moist, boggy, heathy com- mons. Height 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Cultivated in collections, where it forms a spiny bush about 2 ft. in height. -t* 15. G, germa'nica L. The German Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 995. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. Synonymes. Scorpius spin5sus Mcench Meth. 134. ; V6glero spin6sa Fl. WeU. 2. p. 500. ; Bulima. cola di Bosco, Ital. Engravings. Fuchs Hist., 220. icon. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 122. ; and our /g. 319. Spec. Char., S(c. Spiny, except in the flower-bearing branches ; spines simple or branched. Leaves simple, lanceolate, slightly hairy. Flowers somewhat villose, in terminal racemes. Keel longer than the standard and wings. Legume ovate, slightly hairy, including 2 — 4- seeds. {Dec. Prod.) A spiny shrub. Euroi^e, in woods and on heaths. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. »Titroauced in 1773. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 318. Genista &n);lica. 319. Genuid (term&nlca. 208 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANKICUM. } anetv- J* G. g. 2. inennis Dec. is almost without spines. ^ 4. Unarmed. Leaves all simple, ik IQ. G. pu'rgans L. The purging Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 999.; Bull. Herb., 115.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. Synonyme. Spartium purgans l-in. Syst. 474. Engravings. Hot. Cab., 1117.; a.nA o\xr fig. 320. Spec. Char., S^c. Upright, much branched. Branches round, striate. Leaves simple, very few, lanceolate, almost sessile, somewhat silky. Flowers axillary, solitary, scarcely pe- diceled. Petals equal, glabrous. The young legume adpressedly pubescent. (Dec. Prod.) An upright shrub, evergreen from the colour of its shoots. France, on hills. Introd. 1768. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 320. oentta paigaiis. -* 17. G. SERi'cEA Wulf. The silky Genista. Identification. Wulf. in Jacq. Coll., 2. p. 167. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., 3. t. 556. ; and omx fig. 321. Spec. Char.., S^c. Decumbent, with upright round branches. Leaves simple, linear- lanceolate, silky beneath. Flowers ter- minal, 3 or 4 together, in a sort of ra- ceme. Petals silky, nearly equal. Lobes of the calyx oblong-acuminate ; the floral leaves equalling the calyx in length. {Dec. Pz-of/.) A decumbent shrub. Height 6 in. Austria and Croatia, in subalpine places near the shore. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow; May and June. Legume brown; ripe August. jtk 18. G. aphy'lla Dec. The leafless Genista. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mm .. 2. p. 1.52. Synonymes. Spartinm apliyllum Lin. Fil.Suppl.Z20.; G. virgita Lam. Diet. 2. p. 616. Engravings. Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Append., No. 357. t. 99. f. 2. ; and our fig. 322. Spec. Char.,S^c. Branched, upright. Leaves simple, very few, linear, very short. Flowers disposed dis- tantly, in lengthened terminal racemes. Legumes compressed, including 2 seeds ; when yourfg, tomen- tose ; when adult, glabrous. (Dec, Prod.) Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. in British gardens. Found in Siberia, in de- serts, about the Volga. In- trod. 1800. Flowers violace- ous ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 321. Genista sericea. Genista aphfUa 323. Genkta monospeTnia, J* 19. G. monospe'rma Z,a;?;. The one-seeded Genista. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 616.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1.52. ; Webb Iter Hispan., 51. Synont/mes. Spartium monospermum Lin. Sp. 995., Curt. Bat. Mag. t. 683. ; G. liiE'lam Forsk. Engravings. Bot. JNlag., t. 683. ; and our fig. 323. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Branched, upright. Leaves simple, very few, linear-oblong, adpressedly pubescent. Flowers in lateral racemes, few in a raceme. Petals silky, almost equal. Legumes ovate, inflated, membranaceous, glabrous, including 1 — 2 seeds. (Dec. Prod ) An erect shrub, with numerous slender, twigg}', flexile XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^: GENl'sTA. 200 branches. On the Mediterranean shores, where, in many places, it serves to retain and consolidate the drifting sand. Height 2 ft. to + ft. Introduced in 1670. Flowers white ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. The leaves and young branches are, in these countries, eaten by sheep and goats ; and the twigs are used for tying vines to stakes, or tying up faggots ; and they are also twisted into ropes. J* 20. G. sph^roca'rpa Lam. The round-fruited Genista. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 616. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1,52. ; Webb Iter Hispan., .50. Synonyme. Spartium sphzerocarpon Lin. Mant. 571. Engravings. Clus. Hist, 1. p. 102. f. 2.; and our fig. 324. Spec. Char., Sfc. Twiggy, branched. Leaves simple, few, linear, almost glabrous. Flowers in lateral racemes, many in a raceme. Petals glabrous, equal. Legumes ovate, in some measure fleshy, contain- ing 1 — 2 seeds. Flowers small, and pale yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A twiggy shrub. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1731. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 321. Genista sph£roc&rj.'a. J* 21. G. .sthne'nsis Dec. The Mount Etna Genista. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 152. Synoni/mes. Spartijm sjthnense Biv. St. Sic. Mnnt. 1., Rafin. Specch.\.\i. 17- 2674. ; Spartium trispermum Smith in Rees's Cycl. vol. 32. No. 5. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2674. ; and our fig. 325. Spec. Char., S(c. Upright, very much branched. Leaves simple, few, linear, silky. Flowers in terminal racemes. Petals almost glabrous, nearly equal in length. Legumes obliquely ovate, compressed, containing 2- — 3 seeds ; when young, pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) An erect twiggy shrub. Native of the wooded region of Mount Etna, 3000 ft. — 6000 ft. elevation ; growing with ^^cermonspessulanum. {Prcsl, in Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. i. p. 91.) Height 2 ft. to 4ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Resembles the preceding species, except that the flowers are twice the size, -i 22. G. anxa'ntica Ten. The Anxantic Genista. Identification. Ten. Fl. Nap. Prod., p. 41. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150. ; Don's Mfll., 2. p. 152. Synonyme. G. amsantica Tenore. Engravings. Fl. Nap., 2. p. 127. t. 66. ; Swt. Fl.-Gar., 2d ser. t 266. ; and our figs. 326. and 827 325. GenfsU ethn^nsii. 526. Genista anxintica. 327. Genista anxantica. Spec. Cliar,y S^c, The whole plant is perfectly gla- brous. Stems spreading. Branches angled. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptical, rather coriaceous, veiny. Flox^*^''^ in racemes. Corolla thrice as S?^ Genista* ^cahoEa. 210 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM- long as the calyx ; and about 8 lines long. Legume containing 8 — 10 seeds. (Dec. Prod.) A diffuse shrub. Naples. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Vaiieti/. ■^ G. a. 2 scariosa. G. scariosa Vin. (Frag. Fl. Ital. 1. t. 8.; and our _/%. 328.) — An upright shrub, closely resembling the species. Intro- duced in 1821, and flowering in the Hort. Soc. Garden in June and July. It deserves a place in collections. 23. G. tincto'ria L. The Pyer's Broom, or Green Weed. Identification. Lin. Sp., 998. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1.52. Sunonymes. G. italics Lod. Cat. ; Base Broom, Green Wood, Dyer's Weed, and Wood-waxen ; Genet des Teinturiers, Genet de Siberie, Fr. ; farbender Ginster, Ger. ; Bacellina Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 44. ; and our^^. 329. Spec. Char., 6;c Root creeping. Stems almost upright. Branches round, striated, upright. Leaves simple, lanceolate, rather glabrous. Flowers gla- brous, in spiked racemes. Legume glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A creeping- rooted low shrub. Common in Europe, in grassy fields, and in woods and copses, particularly in dry gravelly or sandy soils. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers yellow ; July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Fa7-ieties. M O. t. 2 fiore plena. — There are plants in the Epsom Nursery and the Hort. Soc. Garden. J* G. ^ 3 latifolia Dec. — Leaves broad- lanceolate. A native of Auvergne, on the Mont d'Or. G. t. 4 hirsiita Dec. — Leaves somewhat villose. Branches upright. A native of sunny meadows. j» G. ^. 5 pratensis Poll. — Leaves oblong- lanceolate, rather hairy. Branches as- cending. Inhabits the mountainous parts of Upper Italy. It is very common in pastures, in many places, both in England and Scotland ; but, when cows feed on it, it is said by Ray to give a bitter taste to their milk. All parts of this plant, and espe- cially the branches and leaves, have long been used by dyers for producing yellow, especially for dyeing wool that is afterwards to be dyed green with woad (/satis tinctoria L.). The plant is not* now in cultivation for this purpose ; but, in Norfolk and Suffolk, it is still collected in quantities from sandy wastes and commons, and sold to the dyers. a 24. G. (t.) sibi'rica L. The Siberian Genista. Identification. Lin. Mant., 571.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151.; Don's IMill., 2. p. I.'i2. Synonymes. Genistiiides elita Mcench Meth. 132. ; Ge- nista tinct5ria var. A'. Du Ham. Engravings. Jac. Hort. Vind., t. 190. ; and our fig. 330. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems erect ; and the whole plant more slender and taller than G. tinctoria, of which it is evidently only a variety. An erect shrub. Siberia. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1785. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume brown j ripe in September. ,30. Gemsta(l.)^blrica 329. Genista tinctoria. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^: GENl'sTA. 211 25. G. (t.) ova'ta Waldst. The o\-a.te4eaved Genista. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Hung., 1. t. 84.; 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Sijiwiiyme. G. nervata Kit. in I.i/t. Kngravings. WaUlst. et Kit. Hung., 1. t. 84.; Dend. Brit., t. 77. ; and our;?^. 331. Spec. Char., 8fc. Stems numerous, hairy, erectish, somewhat herbaceous, striated, terete. Leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, and are, as well as the legumes, hairy. Racemes short. Corolla smooth. (Uon'.^ Mill.^ A shrub. Sclavonia and Hun- gary ; and on the hills of Italy, from Piedmont to Naples. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow; June to August. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Balb. ; Bert. ; Tac . ; Ten. ; De«-. Prod. 331. Genista (t.) ovkla. 832. Genista triangnlhris. j» 26. G. triangula'ris Willd. The inrngnXoi-stemmed Genista. Identification. Willd. Sp., 3. p. 939. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synomjme. G. triquetra Waldst. et Kit. Hung. 2. p. IG.i. t. 153., but not of Alton. Engravingsj Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 2. t. 153. ; and our fig. 332. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches smooth, 3- angled, and, as well as the stems, ascend- ing. Leaves lanceolate, and mucronate. Flowers axillary Legume compressed, and mucronate. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub. Hungary, on calcareous rocks. Height 1ft. latrod. in 1815. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Closely resembling G. triquetra, of which, notwithstanding its simple leaves, it may possibly be only a variety ; the change not being greater than what takes place in i^raxinus excelsior simplicifolia. a 27. G. SAGiTTA^Lis L. The arrow-johifed Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 998. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synonymes. G. herbacea Xara. Fl.Fr.; Genistella racembsa A/a;wcA Met/i.; Saltzwedfeli'asagittMis Fl. IVett. 2. p. 498. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Aust., t. 209.; Hayne Abbild., t. 117. ; and our j?^. 333. ^ec. Char., 4'C. Stems prostrate. Branches herbaceous, ascending, 2-edged, membranous, somewhat articulated. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers disposed in an ovate, terminal, leafless spike. Corolla smooth ; but the keel is furnished with a villous line on the back. (Don's Aim.) A prostrate shrub. Con- tinental Europe, in mountain pastures. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1750. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Variety. ,* G. s. 2 minor Dec. — A small shrub, having the branches clothed with adpressed pubescence at the apex, as well as the leaves. For practical purposes, this may be con- sidered as a herbaceous plant. It is a very distinct, ornamental, and hardy sort ; growing and flowering freely. P 2 3,';3. Genista sagitt^lis. 212 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. .* 28. G. DiFFu'sA Willd. The diffuse Genista. Identification. Willd. Sp., 3. p. 942. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synomjmes. G. humifClsa IVu{f. iu Jacq. Coll. 2. p. 169. ; Spartium procumbens Jacq. Icon. t. 5.^5., but not of Alton. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 555.; and our ^if. 334. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches pro- cumbent from the neck, trique- trous. Leaves lanceolate, and smooth, a Uttle ciliated. Pe- duncles axillary, erect, and dis- posed in interrupted fascicles. Corollas and legumes glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A procumbent shrub. Italy and St} ria, in ex- posed places. Height 6 in. In- troduced in 1815. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Le- gume brown ; ripe in August. -4 29. G. prostra'ta Lam. The prostrate Genista. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 618. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Spnonymes. G. peduneulata L'Herit. Stirp. 184.; G. dectimbens X»Mr. Bourg. 1. p. 299. ; G. Iteyn. Mem. 1. p. 211. icon. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., 718. ; and o\i\ figs. 335,336. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems diffuse, prostrate. Branches angular, striated, Rar. 3, 334. Genista decurabens. Halleri rather 336. Genista prostrala. 333. Genista prostrata hairy. Leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat hairy beneath, Flowers axillary, on long erect pedicels. Corolla glabrous. Legumes hairy, 3 — 4-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub. Burgundy and the Alps of Jura. Height 1 ft. Introduced In 1775. Flowers yellow; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. The procumbent Genista. , Dec. Prod., 2. p. 152.; Don's Mill., 2. Jk 30. G. procu'mbens Waldst. et Kit. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. in Willd. Sp., 3. p. 940. p. l.')3. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1150.; and our fig. 337 Spec. Char., Sj-c. Branches procumbent, round, striated, rather downy. Leaves lanceolate, acute, and, as well as the calyxes, downy beneath. Flowers pe- dicellate, axillary, in threes. Corolla glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A procumbent shrub. Hungary and Moravia. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Most likely only a variety of the preceding species. J: 31. G. piLO^SA Lin. The hairy Genista. Identification. Linn. Sp. 999. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 3. p. 263.; Hayne Abbild. der deut. Holz., p. 161.; Dec. Prod.. 2. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synonymes. G. ripens Lam. PI. Fr. ; Genistoides tiiberculata Mocnch Meth. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 208. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 120. ; and our fig. 338. Spec. Char., tfc. Stems procumbent, striated, branched, tuberculated. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, folded, and having beneath a close-pressed silky 337. G. procumbens XXV, legumina'ce^ : cy'tisus. 213 down. Flowers axillary, on short pedicels. Calyx and pedicels silky. Legumes pu- bescent, and 3 — i-seeded. (Dec. Prod.) A procumbent shrub. South of France, Switzerland, Germany, &c. ; and Britain, on dry elevated downs or heaths, in Suffolk, Cornwall, and North Wales. Height 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in Sept. The specific name, pilosa, is certainly not very appropriate, for there are other species, such as G. candicans, much more hairy. 388. Genista i>ii&HU Other Species of Genista. — G.spinosa, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, is a young plant with trifoliolate leaves, and the side shoots terminating in spines. There { are various other names in collections, and a great many in books ; but the I whole genus is in such a state of confusion, that nothing can be determined , with certainty respecting the species, till they are all collected together and cultivated in the same garden and examined. Genus VII. ll n ':.^^ CT'TISUS Dec. The Cytisus. Li?i. Syst. Monadelphia Decandria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 153. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 154. Synonymes. Cytisus and Spartium sp. Lin., Lam. &c.; Cytise, Fr. ; Bohnenbaum.Gfr. ; Citiso, Ital. Derivation. From Cythnus, one of the Cyclades, the first of the species known having been found there. Gen Char. Calyx bilabiate. Upper Dip usually entire ; lower one somewhat tridentate. Vexillum ovate, large. Carina very obtuse, including the sta- mens and pistils. Stamens monadelphous. Degume compressed, many-seeded, glandless. (Don's Mill.) Leaves trifoliolate, alternate, stipulate. Floivers of nearly all the species yellow. — Deciduous or sub-evergreen shrubs of short duration, or low trees ; natives chiefly of the Middle and South of Europe. All the species have trifoliolate leaves, and the flowers are for the most part yellow. The shrubs have the habit of Genista or of .S'partium, to both whici genera they are nearly allied. They are all ornamental, some of them eminently so ; and those which have their flowers in terminal racemes are decidedly more elegant than those which have them in close terminal, or in axillary heads. The wood of the laburnum is valuable in turnery and cabinet-work. All the species produce seeds in abundance, by which they are almost exclusively propagated. The species recorded in books are numerous ; but, if they were all brought together, and cultivated in the same garden, we question much if a tithe uf them would be found specifically distinct. § 1. Albiaiw\des Dec. Derivation. From the word alburnum, signifying the white inner sap-wood of trees ; and applied to this section from the flowers of the species being white. ' Sect. Char. Calyx campanulate. Pod 1 — 4-seeded, not dilated at the upper suture. Flowers white. Leaves very few. Branches unarmed. (^Dec. Prod., ii. p. 153.) ^ \. C. a'lbus Link. The white Cytisus, or Portugal Broom. identification. Link Enum.. 2. p. 241. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 153. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 154. Synonymes. Genista alba Lam. Diet. 2. p. 623. ; Spartium album Desf. Ft. Atl. 2. p. 132.; Sp&rtium rnultifl6rum Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 11. ; Spartium dispermum Mtench Meth. p. 130. ; Genista mul- tifirtra JV. Du Ham. 2. p. 7(i. ; Spartium a Fleurs blanches, Fr. ; weisse. Pfriemen, Ger. t-ngravin-'s. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 23. ; and our fig. 3.39. -' '214 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches terete, twiggy. Leaves simple, and trifoliolate, sessile. Leaflets linear-oblong, and silky. Flowers in fascicles, disposed in long racemes. Legume 2-seeded, very villous. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub ; evergreen, from the colour of its numerous straight parallel young shoots. Portugal and the Levant. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers white; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. A very handsome shrub, more especially when covered with its white flowers in May, and when surrounded by hundreds of bees, busily occu[)ied in extracting the honey. In good soil, it is of very rapid growth, attaining the height of 5 or 6 feet in 3 or + years ; and, in 6 or 8 years, growing as high as 13 or even 20 feet, if in a sheltered situation. Placed by itself on a lawn, it forms a singularly ornamental plant, even when not in flower, by the varied disposition and tufting of its twiggy thread-like branches. When in flower, it is one of the finest ornaments of the garden. Trained to a single stem, its effect is increased ; and, grafted on the laburnum, a common practice about Paris, it forms a very remarkable combination of beauty and singularity. Plants are easily raised from seeds. Variety. ^ C. a. 2 incarnahis has flesh-coloured flowers, or flowers very slightly tinged with reddish purple. This variety was introduced in 1818; and reproduces itself from seeds, but it varies much in the quantity of colour in the flowers. 339. CJtism Mbus. § ii. luoburnum Dec. Derivation. A name applied by Pliny to some species of Cytisus. Sect. Char. Calyx campanulate. Pod many-seeded, not dilated at the upper su- ture. Flowers yellow. Branches leafy and unarmed. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 153.) ^ 2. C. Labu'rnum L. The common Laburnum. ZAti. Cytisus /.abt'irnuni. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : CT'tiSUS. 215 tdait'jicatwn. Lin. Sp., 1041.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. l.'iS. ; Don's Mill,, 2. p. 154. Synonymes. C. alplnus Xcot. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 621.; Bean-trefoile Tree, and Peascod Tree, Gerard ; Pea Tree, Scotch ; Golden Chain ; 1' Aubours, faux E'benier, Arbois, or Arc-Bois, Fr. ; gemelne Bohnenbaum, Ger. ; Aborniello, Ilal. Derivation. The name of L'Aubours, which is given to this tree in Dauphine and Switzerland, is supposed by Du Hamel to be a corruption of the Latin word laburnum. The word Arbois is a corruption of arc-bois, the wood of this tree having been used by the ancient Gauls to make their bows ; and being still so employed by the country people, in some parts ot the Maconnois, where these bows are found to preserve their strength and elasticity during half a century. The name of Faux E'benier is applied to the wood, from the blackness of its heart-wood. The German name signifies Bean Tree ; and both it and the English and Scotch names of Bean-trefoile and Peas- cod Tree have reference to the shape of the leaves and the legumes. The name of Golden Chain alludes to the length of the drooping racemes of flowers, which, as Cowper elegantly describes the 1, are " rich in streaming gold." Engraimigs. Jacq. Aust., t. 306. ; Bot. Mag., t. 176. ; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 44. ; the plate of this tree in .^rb. Brit.. 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our ^ig. 340. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches terete, whitish. Leaves petiolate ; leaflets ovate-lan- ceolate, pubescent beneath. Racemes pendulous, simple. Pedicels and ca- ly.xes clothed with closely pressed pubescence. Legume linear, many-seeded, clothed with closely pressed pubescence. A low deciduous tree. Native of Europe, on the lower mountains of the South of Germany, and of Switzerland. Height 20 ft. or upwards. Introduced in 1596. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume dark brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood green. Varieties. 3f C. L. 2 pendulum Hort. has slender pendulous branches. If C. L. 3 quercifoliuin Hort., C. L. 2 incisum, has sinuated leaflets, not unlike the leaves of the common oak. (See the plate of this variety in Ai'b. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our^g. 341.) 341. Cftisus LaMimum juercifiilium. If C. L. 4 foliis variegatis has variegated leaves ; but it is a plant of no beauty, and rarely seen in collections. 2 C. L. 5 fragrans Hort. — Flowers fragrant. Wherever a number of laburnums are found in flower together, whether of this or the other species, the scent of the blossoms will be found to differ very con- siderably, and occasionally one may be found which may be termed fragrant ; hence the origin of this variety, t 3. C. (L.) alpi'nus Mill. The Alpine, or Scotch, Laburnum. Identification. Mill. Diet.. No. 2. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 153. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 154. , , ,,- Synonymes. C. Laburnum ^ Ait., Lam., Dec, 1-1. Fr.; Cytisus angustifolius Mcench Meth. 145. ; p 4 216 ARBOllETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. C. Xabtirnum var. latiftliuni Pers. and Du Mont ; Cytise des Alpes, I'Aubours, Fi: ; Alpen Boh- nenbaum, Gi'r. ; Maggio Ciondolo, I/al. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 3. t. 260. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., toI. v a'lid our Jig. 342. 342. Cytisus (X.8bumum) alpinus. Spec. Char., S/'c. Branches glabrous and terete. Leaves petiolate; leaflets ovate-ianceolate, rounded at the base. Racemes pendulous. Pedicels and calyxes puberulous. Legumes glabrous, few-seeded, niarginate. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous low tree. Found in Carinthia, in the Alps of Jura, on Mount Cenis, and on the Apennines. According to some, it is also found wild in Scotland ; but, though it is much cultivated in some parts of Fifeshire and Forfarshire, it is far from being indigenous there. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., sometimes much higher in a state of cultivation. It was introduced into Britain about the same time as the other species, viz. 1596; and was, probably, for a long time confounded with it; for which reason we shall treat of the two species, or races, together. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Varieties. S" C. (L.) a. 2 pendulus has pendulous branches, and, in the foliage and legumes, seems intermediate between C. Laburnum and C. (L.) al- pinus. This is very obvious in a fine sp'icimen of this variety in the arboretum of the Messrs. Loddiges, as shown in the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st etlit., vol. v. The pendulous variety of C. Z-aburnum is a much less robust plant. t C. (L.) a. 3 picr2)ic7-dsce7is llovi., C. L. purpureum Hort., C. Adami Poir., C. L. coccineum Baum. Cat., the purple Laburnum, the scarlet Laburnum, is not a hybrid between C. Z,aburnuin and C. purpureus, as was at first supposed, but a sport from a bud of C'ytisus pur- pureus inserted in C'. alpinus, in 1825, by D. Adam, a nurseryman at Vitry, near Paris. The flowers are of a reddish purple, slightly tinged with buff) and are produced in pendent spikes, 8 in. or more long. A few years after this sport was originated, it was found that it had a strong tendency to return to the original kinds ; and that from one bud or graft, branches were produced of the true Cytisus purpiireus, of the true Laburnum (either the Alpine or the common. XXV. legumina'ce^ : cy'tisus. 217 according to which of these may have been chosen as the stock) with yellow flowers, and of the purple laburnum. This was soon observed both in France and England. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xii. p. 225., vol. XV. p. 122.; and Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 590.) It is a very vi- gorous, and somewhat erect and fastigiate, growing variety, having produced shoots from 6 ft. to 9 ft. long in one season ; but, though it has been highly spoken of by some cultivators, in point of beauty, it cannot be recommended. 5? C. (L.) a. i frdgra7is Hort. — Blossoms fragrant. There are plants in the Hackney Arboretum. Miller recognised C. Laburnum and C. alpinus as species; but Linnaeus did not. Whether they are species or varieties, they are certainly very dis- tinct ; as much so, perhaps, as the Quercus i26bur pedunculatum, and Q. R. sessilifiorum, and like these two oaks they come true from seed. Both sorts, being highly ornamental, have been extensively propagated and cultivated in British gardens and plantations. There are trees at Syon of C. alpinus above 40 ft. high^ and some at Alnwick Castle with trunks 3 ft. in diameter. The heart-wood of the laburnum is of a dark colour ; and, though of rather a coarse ^rain, it is very hard and durable : it will take a polish, and may be made to resemble ebony. A cubic foot weighs 52 lb. 1 1 oz. in a dried state. The colour and grain of the heart-wood vary much, according to the soil, and the age of the tree. It is darkest in the C. Xaburnum, when grown on poor calcareous soil ; and lightest in the C. (Zr.) alpinus, when grown in deep rich soil : in which last case its colour is a sort of greenish black. It is in much demand among turners and cabinet-makers. The ordinary use of the wood in the North of Scotland, is to form alternate staves with the wood of the holly, or the spindle tree, in making small noggins, or bickers ; but it is also used for the bowls of punch-ladles ; for flutes, and other musical instruments. Hares and rabbits being remarkably fond of the bark of the laburnum, it has been suggested to sow laburnum seeds, in order to produce an undergrowth in plantations liable to be infested with these animals; for, though the plants are eaten to the ground every winter, yet they will spring up again the next season, and thus yield a regular supply of winter's food for these kinds of game. As an ornamental tree, the laburnum has few rivals. The shape of the head is irregular and picturesque; its foliage is of a smooth, shining, and beautiful green ; and, what is a great recommendation to every ornamental plant, it is not liable to be preyed on by insects. Though the laburnum will grow in a very indifferent soil, it requires a deep fertile sandy loam to attain a large size. In regard to situation, as the tree puts out few horizontal roots, and has rather a spreading head, when it grows rapidly it is apt to be blown aside by high winds ; but, for the same reason, it is less injurious to plants growing near it, than some other ornamental trees. For producing timber, it should be placed in masses in a sheltered situation, or in a plantation among other trees, so as to be drawn up with a clear straight stem ; and when so circumstanced, in good soil, C. (L.) alpinus will grow to the height of from 35 ft. to 45 ft. Both C. Zaburnum and C. (L.) alpinus are invariably raised from seed, and the pendulous and other varieties are propagated by grafting or budding on either of the common sorts. The seeds are lit to gather in (October ; and they may be kept in the pod, in a dry airy loft, till the March following, when they should be sown in beds of light soil, at about an inch apart every way, and covered about half an inch or three quarters of an inch thick. Half the plants which come up will be fit for transplanting into nursery lines in the Novembei* lOUowinii. 4. C. Welden// Vis. Welden's Cytisus. PI. Dalm. Ex. Bot. Zeit., Jan. IS30.,p. 52. ; Don's Mill, Bot. Reg., 1839, Month. Reg., No. 122. 13. from a drawing kindly sent us by the late Baron Jacqv Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves ternate, petiolate ; leaflets elliptic, entire, cu- Ideniification. Visiani PI. Dalm. Ex. Bot. Zeit., Jan. 1830., p. 52. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. ; Hort. *1. Austr., 2. p. 339. ; Bot. Reg., 1839, Month. Reg., No. 122. hngraving. Our Jig. 343. from a drawing kindly sent us by the late Baron Jacquln. 218 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 343. CJtisus Weldinii. neated at the base, and obtuse at the apex, smooth. Racemes terminal, stalked, pyramidal, straight; pedicels hoary and villous. Calyxes campanulate, 3-lobed; lobes tomentosely ciliated. Corolla glabrous, but the carina is clothed with silky villi. Le- gume glabrous, mucronate by the style. {Don's Mill.) An erect woody shrub, re- sembling a laburnum. Dal- matia, in woods on moun- tains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. ; 6 ft. to 8 ft. in gardens. In- troduced in 1837. Flowers yellow, fragrant ; June and Jidy. Legumes brown ; ripe in October. The racemes are erect, and do not droop even when in fi-uit. The seeds are still more poisonous than those of the common laburnum, and the scent of the flowers causes headach. The milk of the goats which feed upon the flowers. Baron Welden observes, produces the same effect, only more severely, upon those who drink it. ai 5. C. ni'gricans L. The black Cytisus. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1041. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 153. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t. 378. ; Bot. Reg., t. 802. ; and our fig. 344. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches round, twiggy. Leaves stalked, and clothed with closely pressed down beneath, as well as the branches, calyxes, and pods ; leaflets elliptic. Racemes elongated, ter- minal, erect. Calyxes without bracteas. (Dec. Prod.) A handsome deciduous shrub. Piedmont, Vallais, and Bohemia. On hills and along way- sides. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in ^1730. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. The whole plant turns black when drying ; whence the specific name. It ripens seed in abundance ; and it may also be propagated by grafting on C. iaburnum, thus form- ing a handsome standard. ^ 6. C. sessilifo'lius L. The sessile-leaved Cytisus. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1041. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. \h3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. Engravings. Lara. Ill, t. 618. f. 2. ; Bot. Mag., t. 255. ; and our figs. 345. and 346. Spec. Char., ^-c. The whole plant quite smooth. Branches round. Floral leaves almost sessile, and leaflets ovate. Racemes terminal, short, and erect ; each calyx having a 3-leaved bractea under it. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub, vyith upright branches, and smooth shining leaves. Native of France and Pied- mont Height 4 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1569. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume black ; ripe in October. In very general cultivation in British gardens, generally as a bush, but soine- 344. Cjtisus nigricniia. XXV. LEGUMINA^EiE : CY'tisUS. 219 345. Cj'thus sessUifolius. times grafted standard high on the laburnum ; when it forms a very formal, symmetrical, round-headed, small tree, which, however, is highly beautiful when in flower. We have given two figures of this species, both drawn to the same scale, to show how much it varies in the magnitude and general appearance of its foliage, accord- ing to soil and situation. Plants grafted standard high are common in the London nurseries. 346. Cytisik stssilifOlius. ■a 7. C. TRiFLO^RUS L' Heiit. The three-flowered Cytisus. Jdentification. L'H^rit. Stirp., 184. ; Desf. Fl. Atl., 2. p. 139. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don's Mill. 2. p. 15.=).; Webb Iter Hispan., 51. Synonyjiie. C. villbsus Pour. Act. Toul. 3. p. 317. Engravings. Clus. Hist, 1. p. 94. f. 3. ; Duh., t. 5. f. 452. ; out Jig. 347. !f,.- Spec Char., c^r. The whole plant hairy. Branches round. Leaves petiolate ; leaflets ovate-elliptic. Flow- \ ers axillary, pedicellate, terete, and somewhat race- 347. cytisus tiiilorus. niose at the tops of the branches. (Dec. Prod.') A straggling hairy shrub, closely resembling C. capitatus and 6'. hirsutus. South of France, Italy, Sicily, and Mauritania. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. Frequent in gardens, sometimes grafted standard high ; but neither as a standard nor as a dwarf is it of great duration. It should be planted in an airy situation. ^ 8. C. paVens L. The spreading Cytisus. Identification. Lin. Syst. Veg. 555., according to L'Herit. Stirp., 184.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. Synonymes. C. pendulinus Lin. Fil. Siipp. 328. ; C. grandiflbrus Dec. Prod. 2. p. 156. ; Genista tomentbsa Pair. Supp. 2. p. 719. ; Spartium patens Lin. Syst. iJ35., Brot. Fl. Lus. 2. p. 83., but not of Cav. ; Spartium grandiflbrum Brot. Fl. Lus., 2. p. 80. ; Sarothamnus patens Webb Iter Hispan, 51. Engraving. Our ^g. 348. Spec. Char., S(c. Branches striated and pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate, petiolate ; the upper ones simple, and obovate, as are the leaflets ; covered with closely pressed dovvfu. Flowers axillary, usually in pairs, pedicellate, nodding. Pods very hairy. (Dec. Prod.) A spreading shrub. Native of Portugal. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black; ripe in October. A very handsome shrub, especially when grafted standard high, not so common in collections as it ought to be. ^ 9. C. scoPA^Rius Link. The common Broom. Identification. Link Enum.,2. p. 241. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. Synonymes. Spartium scopariura Lin. Sp. 998., Smith Eng. But. 1339. ; Genista icoparia Lam. Diet. 2. p. 623., but not of Vill. ; G. hirsiita Mcenc/i Meth. 144. ; Genet a Balais, Genet coramun, Fr. ; gemeine Pfrieraen, Ger. Engravings. CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 313. ; Smith Engl. Bot., 1. 1339. ; and our Jig. 349. S/jec. Char., S^c. Branches angled, glabrous. Leaves petioled, trifoliolate ; the uppermost simple; these and the leaflets oblong. Flowers axillary, pe- diceled, solitary. Legumes pilose at the margins. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub, evergreen from the colour of its numerous young shoots. Native of dry sandy or gravelly soils, throughout F.urope. Height 3 ft. to 12 ft. according 348. cytisus patens. 220 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. to the soil and situation. Flowers large, yellow ; May and June. Legume black ; ripe in September. Naked young wood green. Varieties. at C. s. 2 dibits Hort. has the flowers white, or of a very pale yellow, a C. s. 'ijlore pleno Hort. has flowers slightly double. The roots are straight, and penetrate perpendicularly to a great depth. The leaves are trifoliolateor simple ; the branches numerous, long, straight, angular, dark green, smooth, and tough. The flowers are of a deep golden yellow, sometimes tinged with orange, and occasionally of a uniform pale lemon colour : they are succeeded by pods above an inch long, black when ripe, and each containing 15 or 16 seeds. The flowers are larger than those of any other species of the genus ; and, were the plant not so common in a wild state, it would, doubtless, be considered the most ornamental. The whole plant is exceedingly tough, and bitter to the taste, and has a strong disagreeable smell. Thougli it is at present comparatively neglected, yet in former times it was one of very great importance in rural and domestic economy. The branches are eaten by sheep and cattle ; and, on poor gravelly soils, formed, 'before the general improvement of grass lands which has taken place within the last century, the principal herbage. One of the principal modern uses of the broom, both in Britain and on the Continent, is to form brooms, or besoms; for which purpose, as the specific name would imply, it appears to have been used from time immemorial. The young shoots v/ere formerly used as a substitute for hops in brewing beer ; and the flower-buds, just before they become yellow, were pickled in the manner of capers. The tops and leaves are purgative and diuretic. In the North of Scotland, a decoction of the recent shoots is used by shep- herds, for dressing the backs of sheep, instead of tobacco water. The broom produces abundance of seeds, which, according to INI. Hartig, retain their germinating quality for a very long time : some that he kept 25 years, in a room which was occupied, having come up as readily as new seed. 349. Cytisus fcop&rius. § iii. Cahjcutome Link. art of ivation From halyx, a calyx, and tome, a cutting ; in Reference to the calyx, the upper part of hich, after some time, falls off, in such a manner as to give the remainder the appearance ol bemg Der wh cut round. Sect. Char. Calyx campanulate, somewhat bilabiate, at length becoming trim- cate. Pod thickened on the upper suture. Shrubs with spmy branches and yellow flowers. {Dec. Prod.) Webb Iter Sk 10. C. sPiNo'sus Lam. The spiny Cytisus. Identification." Lam. Diet., 2. p. 247. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. ; Hispan., 51. Si/noni/>ne. Spartium spinbsum Lin. Sp. 997. ^ v, t o * os ,,,^ «„, fir, M-vn Engravings. J. Bauh. Hist., 1. p. 2. p. 376., icon. ; Lob. Icon., 2. t. 95. ; and our Jig. 3-W, Spec. Char., Src Branches angled, spiny. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate-oblong. Legumes perfectly smooth. (Dec. Prod.) An upright spiny shrub. Upon hills and rough places ^ from Perpignan to Oeiioa, in Corsica, and in the Algerine ^ country. Height 2 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. There are plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden. mo. c. spinbsus. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE : Cy'tISUS. 221 351 . Cytisus tribract»'-ktu3. M II. C. tribracteolaVus Webb. The three-bracted Cytisus. Identification. Iter Hispan., p. 51. ; Otia Hispan., p. 3. Engravings. Otia Hispan., t. 3. and our fig. 351 . Spec. Char., ^c. Decumbent. Branches tetragonal, divaricate, rigid, obtuse. Leaves trifoliohite, verticillately sub-opposite ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, slightly obtuse at the apex, retuse, with ash- coloured silky down, petiolulate. Common petiole none, or cohering with the branch. Flowers axil- lary, clustered, pedunculate. Calyx bilabiate, hairy; upper lip cut to the middle in narrow acute segments ; lower lip longer, narrow, 3- toothed ; middle tooth longest, supported at the base by three ovate closely pressed bracts. (JVebb, OtiaHisp.) A decumbent shrub, ever- green from the colour of its bark. Spain near Medina Sidonia, on the sum- mits of mountains. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1838. Flowers yellow ; May. Legume ?. Si 12. C. lani'gerus Dec. The wool-bearing Cytisus. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 154. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 155. ; Webb Iter Hispan., 51. Synonymes. Spftrtiura lanigerum Desf. Fl. Atl. 2. p. 135. : Calycotome villfisa Link Enum. ; Spartium vill6sura Brot. Fl. Lus. 2. p. 85., and Pair. Voy. 2. p. 207. Engraving. Out fig. 352. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches furrowed, spiny. Leaves tri- foliolate ; leaflets obovate-elliptical. Legumes very hairy in a woolly manner. (Dec. Prod.) A spiny shrub. Found wild on hills and in rough places in Corsica, Crete, the Archipelago, Mauritania, Gibraltar, and Por- tugal. Height 2 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1821. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in October. Varieti/. ^ C.l. 2 rigidus Dec. — Spines very strong. Not common in collections, and in all probability it is nothing more than a variety of the preceding species. .152. C. lanigerus. § iv. Tuhocytisus Dec. Derivation. From tubus, a tube, and cytisus ; in reference to the tubular shape of the Ciilyx. Sect. Char. Calyx tubular, with the apex toothed-lipped. Thornless shrubs. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 135.) A. Floiuers ivhite or whitish. j» 13. C leuca'nthus Waldst. et Kit. The white-flowered Cytisus. Identification. Waldst. et Kit., 2. p. 141. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 155. ; Don's Mill.. 2. p. 156. ' •Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1438. ; and our fig. 353. \Spec. Char., S(c. Stem erect. Branches round, and, as well as the leaves, clothed with closely pressed pubescence. Leaf- lets elliptic and a3ute. Flowers at the points of the branches ; I heads of flowers bracteated by two leaves. (Dec. Prod.) A I downy shrub. Croatia, in woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers yellowish white ; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. 353. C. Icuc&nthus. 222 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Very ornamental, and well deserving a place among other species of the genus. It forms a handsome object grafted standard high. B. Floiveis j^uiyle. Jk 14. C. PURPUREUS Sco]}. The ^nr^\e-flowered Cytisus. Identification. Scop. Cain., No. go.'i. t. 43. ; Dec. Prod.. 2. p. 15.5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. Ihd. Engravings. Jacq. Aust. Append., t. 48. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 892. ; Bot. Mag., t. UTU. ; and our fins. 354, 355. Spec. Char., SjC. Stems procuml)ent, twiggy. Leaves, calyxes, and legume.s glabrous. Leaflets oblong. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels. (Do7i's Mill.) A procumbent shrub. Native of Carniola in exposed places. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1792. Flowers purple; May to August. Legume black ; ripe in October. Varieties. Jk C. p. 2 flare albo Hort. has the flowers of a pure white. -* C. p. 3flo7'e rosco. — Flowers rose-coloiu'ed. Plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Of all the different species of Cy- tisus, when grafted on the laburnum standard high, this forms the most graceful tree ; and a plant of it covered with its purple flowers, placed on a lawn, or in a border near a standard of Genista triquetra, covered with its golden yellow flowers, will produce a very striking effect. The singular hybrid or sport formed between this plant and the laburnum has been already described, p. 2IG. 355. C. purpdreus. 354. C. purpureus C. Flowers yellow. j« 15. C. elongaVus Waldst. et Kit. The elongated Cytisus. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 2. p. 200. t. 183.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 1.55. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 15.5. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., t. 183. ; and our fig. 356. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems erect. Branches elon- gated and round ; young ones hairy. Leaflets obovate, clothed -beneath with closely pressed hairs. Flowers lateral, usually in fours, on short pedicels. Calyxes hairy. {JDec. Prod.) An erect pubescent shrub. Native of Hungary, in woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1804. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in September. In H. S. Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges's. jck. 16. C. MULTiFLo^Rus Lindl. The many- flowered Cytisus. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1 191. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1.56. Synunymes. C. elongatus Hortul., but not of Kit. ; C. elongitus ^ miiltilibrus Dec. Prod. 2. p. 155. Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1191. ; and our fi^. 357. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems erect. Branches elon- gated, terete, younger ones villous. Leaflets oblong, tapering to the base, villous beneath, and of the same colour on both surfaces. Flowers usually ternary. Pedicels about equal in length to the petioles 356. cytisus elongjltac. XXV. legumina^cEjE : cy'tisus. 223 Vexillum emarginate, undulated. {Don's Mill.) A downy shrub. Native of Europe. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in J 800. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume black ; ripe in September. It appears to us to be only a variety of the preceding species. 3£8. C^sus falcKtus. 359. C^tisus austriarus. C. falcaVus Waldst. et Kit. The ^\c^&-like->podded Cytisus. Jdentijkation. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 3. p. 264. ; Dec. Prod., 2 p. iS."). ; Don's Mill., 2. p. l.-ir,.; Lod Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. .520. ; Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 3. t. 238. and our fig. 3.58. Branches round and twiggy ; the young Engravings Spec. Char., SiC Stems declinate ones, as well as the leaves, clothed with closely pressed hairy down. Petioles hairy. Flowers usually in threes, lateral, and on short peduncles. Calyxes clothed with closely pressed hairs, {Dec. Prod.) A downy shrub. Native of Croatia, the South of Russia, and Gallicia. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1816. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume black; ripe in October. Varieties. C. triflorus Lod., C. ruthenicus Lod., C. decumbens Lod., are apparently all varieties of this species. jut 18. C. AUSTRi^ACUs L. The Austrian Cytisus Lin. Sp., 1042. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 1.56. ; Don's Mill., 2 1.56. acq. Austr., t. 21. and our Identification. Lin. Sp., 1042. ; Dec. frod., 2. p. l.ob. ; Uons IVIUI., '2. p Engravings. Mill. Icon., 117. f. 2. ; Pall. Itin., ed. Gal., t. 100. f. 3. ; J. Jig. 359. above. Spec. Char., S^c. Stems upright. Branches round and twiggy, and, as well as the leaves, clothed with closely pressed strigose pubescence. Leaflets lan- ceolate, attenuated at both ends. Flowers terminal, somewhat umbellate. Calyxes and legumes rather hairy. {Dec. Prod.) An upright downy shrub. Found in woods and rough places in Austria, Upper Italy, the Ukraine, and Siberia. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1741. Flowers yellow; July to September. Legume black ; ripe in November. Varieft/. ^ C. a. 2 nova Lod. has the leaves much smaller than the species, and seems to be an erect, and very dis- tinct variety. J: 19. C. suPi^NUs Jacq. The supine Cytisus. Identification. Jacq. Fl. Austr., l.t. 20. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 156. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 156. Si/nonyme. C. Mtoldes Pour. Act. Tout. 3. t. 318. Engravings. Clus. Hist., p. 96., No. 7., icon.; Jacq. Fl. Austr., 1. 1. 20.; and OUT fig. 360. Spec. Char., 4~c. Stems branched and decumbent. Branches round, and, when young, rather hairy ; adult ones smooth. Leaflets obovate, hairy beneath. Flowers 2 — 4, usually terminal and pedunculate. Calyxes and pods slightly hairy. S60. Citisus supinu^. 224 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. {Dec. Prod.) A decumbent hairy shrub- Native of Belgium, Austria, Pannonia, Siberia, Turkey, and Dauphine, both on exposed hills, and in sheltered bushy places. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers pale yellow, with the standard reddish ; May to August. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in November. J* 20. C. HiRSuVus L. The hairy Cytisus. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1042. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 1-56. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1.56. Synonymcs. C. suplnus Bertol. PI. Gen., but not of Lin. ; C. trifl&rus Lam. Diet. 2. p. 250., but not of L'Herit. ; C. Tournefortidnus Loisel. in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 157. Engraving. Out fig. . in p. Spec. Char., 8fc. Stems decumbent. Branches round and twiggy ; when young hairy, but smooth when old. Leaflets ovate, hairy beneath. Flowers lateral on very short pedicels, aggregate. Calyxes and pods hairy. {Dec. Prod.) A decumbent hoary shrub. Found in rugged places from Genoa to Hungary. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers 3ellow ; June to August. Le- gume black ; ripe in October. Closely resembling the C. capiiatus, and C triflorus of Loddiges's ai'boretum. ■'o^ J* 21. C CAPiTA^TUs Jacq. The headed^owere^f Cytisus. Identification. Jacq. Fl. Austr.. t. 33. ; Dec. Prod. 2. p. 15G. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1.56. St/nvnymes. C. hirsCltus Lam. Diet. 2. p. 2.W. ; C. suplnus Lin. Sp. 104U. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 497. ; and onr fig. 361. Spec. Char., ^-e. Stems and branches erect, the latter hispid. Leaflets ovate-elliptic, hairy. Flowers numerous, and forming heads at the points of the branches ; but some- times lateral in the autumn. Calyxes and pods covered with short hairs. (Dec. Prod.) An upright hoary shrub. Found wild on the edges of woods in Burgundy, Italy, and Austria. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1774. Flowers yellow; June and July. Legume dark brown, jgi. c capiutus. or black ; ripe in October. Varieties, or Synonymes. Cytisus austriacus Lod., C. canescens Fisch. of Got., C. uralensis Lod., C. calycinus Lod., C. parvifolius Lod., C. hirsiitus Led., C. supinus Lod., appear to be all varieties of C. capitatus, or in some cases, perhaps, identical with that species. ji 22. C. cilia'tus Wahlenb. The c\\iated-podded Cytisus. Identification. Wahlenb. Fl. Carp., 219. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 156. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 156. Engraving. Oarfig. . infig. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stems upright. Branches Smooth when old, but when young hispid. Leaflets obovate, clothed beneath with closely pres.sed hairs. Flowers approximate in threes, at length lateral. Pods glabrous and ciliated. (Bee. Prod.) A hispid shrub. Native of the Carpathian Mountains. Height 2ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1817. Flowers yellow; June and July. Le- gume black ; ripe in October. J* 23. C. poly'trichus Bieb. The many-haired Cytisus. Identification. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Suppl., 477. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 156. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 156. ' Engraving. Our fig. . in p. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stems declinate. Branches hispid. Leaflets obovate-cllip- tic. Flowers lateral, usually in pairs, pedicellate. Calyxes and pods hairy. (Dec. Prod.) A recumbent shrub. Found in pine forests, on high moun- tains, in Tauria. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. DeCandolle observes of it, that it has the hairiness of C. capitatus, the disposition of the flowers of C. hirsiitus, and the habit of C. supinus. XXV. LEGUMINA CE/E: CY TISUS. 225 § V. 'Lotoldes Dec. 362. C. argeiltetu. Derivalion. From lotos, the lotus, and eidos, appearance ; from the general resemblance of tlia species to the genus idtus. Spec. Char., c^-c. Tube of the calyx short, obconical ; the upper lip 2-parted, the lower 3-toothed. Corolla hardly longer than the calyx. Many-stemmed decumbent shrubs, deciduous, with few flowers, generally capitate and ter- minal, and all yellow. (Dec. Prod.) ■Jk 2-t-. C. arge'nteus L. The silvery Cytisus. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1043. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 156. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 1-57. Synonyme. ibtus argtoteus Brot. Fl. Lus. 2. p. 119. Engravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 41. f. 2. ; and omjig. 3G2. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems decumbent. Leaves, calyxes, corollas, and pods clothed with a closely pressed silky down. Leaves petiolate, trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate. Flowers 3 — 4, produced at the points of the shoots. {Dec. Prod.) A decuaibent shrub. Native of Carniola, tiie South of France, and Mauritania. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers yellow ; August. Legume black ; ripe in October. A silky silvery-looking shrub, from the prevalence of closely pressed silky down over all its parts ; noticed in the specific character, and whence it derives its specific name. J: 25. C. CALYCi^NUS Bieb. The /arge-calyxed Cytisus. Identificatmn. Bieb. Fl. Taur., 2. p. 166. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 157. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 157. Synonyme. C. piuciflbrus Willd. Sp. 3. p. 1126. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 673. ; and our^^. 363. Spec, Char., SfC. Stems ascending. Leaves, calyxes, and pods somewhat hairy from spreading down. Leaves trifoliolate and petiolate. Leaflets roundish, obovate. Flowers terminal, from 2 to 8 together. {Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub, with trailing branches, the ends of which grow upright. Found in stony places on Mount Caucasus. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; August, Legume black ; ripe in October. 363. c. caijcinu.. J: 26. C. na'nus Willd. The dwarf Cytisus. Identification. Willd. Enum., 769. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. \f,7. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 81. ; and our Jig. 364. Spec. Char., ^'c. Stems cylindrical. Leaves trifo- liolate, obovate, clothed with strigose pubescence beneath, and smooth above. Raceme terminal, secund, usually 4-flowered. Calyx deeply 3- parted ; hairs on the stems and peduncles ad- pressed. {Don's Mill.) A procumbent shrub. Native of the Levant. Height 1 ft. Introd. in 1816. Flowers yellow; June and July. Le- gume black ; ripe in October. This is a beautiful little shrub for rock work ; T°/ and if planted in dry sandy soil, covered with » broad flat stones to retain the moisture during ^ the hot weather of July, it will continue flowering during the whole of that month, and produce abundance of seeds j which may be sent to any distance in the pods. 364. C/tisus nSnus. 226 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § vi. Chronanthus Dec. Derivation, from chronos, a year, and anthos, a flower ; applied to this section because the petals remain attached to the calyxes all the year. Seel. Char. Calyx with the upper lip bifid, and the lower one trifid ; lobes acute, of the same length as the tube. Petals permanent. Legume oval, much compressed, 2-seeded. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 157.) M 27. C. oRiENTA^Lis Lois. The Oriental Cytisus. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 156. ; Don's.Mill., 2. p. 157. Synonyme. C. orient&lis, &c , Gerard a.x\i Vail. Herb. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 31. f. 3.; and om fig. 365. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stems erect, hairy. Leaves almost sessile, trifoliolate, hairy ; leaflets hnear, acute. Flowers large and yellow, subterminal, on short pedicels, and few. The flowers and pods are both glabrous. Calyx hairy, more 5-cleft than bilabiate. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 157.} An erect hairy shrub. Native of the Levant. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow, large and persistent; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. 365. C. orientilis. Other Species of Cytisus. — This genus, in British gardens, is in such a stateof confusion, that nothing can be done in it satisfactorily till all the kinds are collected together, and cultivated for two or three years till they show their flowers and fruit. Perhaps two thirds of the alleged species in the London gardens are only varieties. In the mean time, all that a cultivMtor can do is to procure as many kinds as he can ; and in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges he will find the greater number of those above described, though some of them have been killed by the winter of 1837-8. Among the species probably hardj-, by far the handsomest in point of foliage is the C. (EoUcus Guss. (Bot. Reg. t. 1 902., and our/g. 366.) It is a tall, very hoary shrub. A native of Strom- boli. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. in 1835. Flowers ' pubescent, yellow, cam- panulate, and the young legumes glabrous. It has the appearance. Dr. Lind- ' ley observes, of being an intermediate species be- tween C. iaburnum and C. triflorus. {'Se6Arb. Br., 1st ed., p. 2551.) C. ra- Icemosus Marnock (Flor. Mag., vol. ii. t. 18. ; and our j/?g. 367.) is a hand- some shrub, of moderately robust habit ; a native of the Peak of Teneriffe. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1835. The flowers are terminal, in a spike about 6 in. in length, and of a bright yellow. There were plants in the Epsom Nursery in 1838. Many other species of Cytisus are described by authors, for which we refer to Don's Miller, Webb's Iter Hisjyaiiiense, Bois- sier's Elenchus Plantarum, Duby and DeCandolle's Botanicon Gallicum, and the first edition of this Arboretum. Many genera of ligneous plants require to be cultivated together, in the same garden, in order to settle their nomen- clature : but while some of these, as Quercus, Pinus, &c., would consume the greater part of a lifetime in procuring them from the different quarters of the world, and waiting till they came into flower, the genera Genista, C'jtisus, and Adenocarpus are almost exclusively European, and might be collected in the course of one year ; while, in three years after the seeds were sown, the plants would in most cases come into flower. It is surprising, therefore, that some amateur of leisure does not undertake their arrangement. 3ti7. Cytisus rocemosus. 366. cytisus sdlicus. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : ADENOCa'rPUS. Genus VIII. 227 ( i^ ADENOCA'RPUS Dec. The Adenocarpus. Decandria. Lin. Si/st, Monadelphia Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Supp., 549. ; Li'g. Mem., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. l.'iS. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 157. Derivation. From aden, a gland, and karpos, fruit ; in reference to the legume.' being beset with pedicellate glands. Gen. Char. Calyx obconical, usually beset with glands, bilabiate; upper lip bi- partite, lower one longer and trifid. Carina obtuse, enclosing the stamens and pistils. Stamens monadelphous- Legume oblong, compressed. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, trifoliolate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers yellow in all the species. — Shrubs, stragghng, of short duration, somewhat evergreen from the colour of their young shoots ; natives chiefly of Europe. Branches divergent; leaves trifoliolate, with petiolar stipules, and folded leaflets, and usually grouped; flowers upon bracteolate pedicels, and disposed in terminal racemes. Culture as in CVtisus, from which ^ genus most of the species have been separated. J* 1. A. hisp.v'nicus Dec. The Spanish Adenocarpus. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl., 549. ; Leg. Mem., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Synonymes. Cytisus hispanicus Lam. Did. 2. p. 248. ; C. anagf rius L'Herit. Stirp. IS4.. .V. Du Ham. 5. p. 149. Engraving. Our fig. 368. Spec. Char., Sfc. Calyx glandulose and villose ; lower lip with three equal segments, that are barely longer than the upper lip. Branchlets hairy. Flowers grouped. Standard rather glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A hairy shrub. Spain and Portugal, in shady and moist places. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in October. .163. -A. hispinicus. 2. A. Boissie'kz Webb. Boissier's Adenocarpus. Raca vieja. Span. Identification. Webb's Iter Hisp., p. 52. ; Otia Hispan., p. 4. Synonymes. A. dec6rticans Boiss. S'ot. sur lA/jies Pinsapo, p. 9, Engravings. Otia Hispanica, t. 4. ; and our fig. 369. Spec. Char., j-c. Arborescent. Bark scaly. Branches purplish, ash-coloured, clothed with soft hairy pubescence, and with numerous leaves. Petioles elongate, terete. Leaves with ad- pressed pubescence. Leaflets linear, with revolute margins, somewhat ob- tuse. Calyx villous, the lower lip somewhat longer than the upper. Vexillum pubescent at the apex and middle. Legumes elongate, obtuse, whitish, with purple glands. Seed greenish black. ( Webb, Otia Hispan.) A larg'i deciduous shrub. Spain, in warm valleys of the mountains of Granada, 4500 ft. to 5000 ft, above the sea. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. In- troduced ?. Flowers reddish yellow, fragrant; June and July, Legume whitish, covered with numerous pur- ple glands ; ripe in August. Q 5 .-tdciinr4:Tiis Botssi^r; 228 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A most beautiful species when in flower ; but, when out of flower, ofa gloomy ashy hue. The trunk is disfigured by the old ragged bark, whence the vernacular name. It is truly astonishing, Mr. Webb observes, that this splendid European plant, of almost arboreous stature, with spikes of flowers sometimes a foot in length, should so long have escaped detection. It closely resembles A. hispanicus, but, according to Mr. Webb, it is "very entirely distinct." Plants are, or soon will be, in the Milford Nursery. ^ 3. A. iNTERME^Dius Dec. The intermediate Adenocarpus. Identification. Pec. Prod., 2. p. 15S. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Syiionyme . Oytisus complichtus Brot. Ft. Lns. 2. p- 92. Engrtiviitgs. Clus. Hist., I. p. 94. f. 1. ; and our fig. 370. Spec. Char., ^c. Calyx pubescent ; pubescence glandu- lated ; the middle of the three segments of the lower li|) of the calyx longer than the side ones, and than the upper lip. Branchlets rather villose. Flowers rather distant. Standard rather glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A pubescent shrub. Native of sunny gravelly places in Portugal and Old Castile, and Mount Sender, in Sicily, and of Mongiana, in the kingdom of Naples. Height 4 ft. Year of introduction unknown. Flowers yellow ; May to July. Legume black ; ripe in September. A very handsome species, ami one that is much admired for its fine terminal spikes of flowers, which, in favour- able seasons, and in a dry soil, ripen abundance of seeds. ^ 4. A. PARViFo^Lius Dec. The small-leaved Adenocarpus. Identification. Dec. Leg. Jlem. 6., and Prod. 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Synoiiytnes. Cytisus parvif61ius iV. Du Ham. 5. p. 147., Lain. Did. 2. p 248., exclusive of tlie synonj'mes ; Cytisus iMvar\ca.tns L'Hirit. Stirp. 184.; Cytisus complicitus Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 3821.; Spartium compliciitura Lois. Fl. Gall. 441 Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 47. f. 1. ; and our fig. 371. Spec. Char., Sfc. Calyx somewhat pubescent, with glandulous pubescence ; the central segment of the lower lip longer than the side segments, and much exceeding the upper lip in length. Branches glabrous. Flowers distant. Standard pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub, whitish from the down on its branches. Native of sunny heaths in the West of France. Height •2 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flow- ers yellow ; May to July. Legume black ; ripe in October, gj,. A.parvifoiiui. J* 5. A. telone'nsis Dec. The Toulon Adenocarpus. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. .54., Leg. Mem. 6., Pr'od. 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. l.'J8. Synonymes. Cytisus telonensis Lois. Fl. Ga//. 446., and mN. Du Ham. 5. p. 155.; Spartium com- plicatum Gouan Hort. Monsp. 356., exclusive of the synonyme. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 47. f. 2. ; and our,^^. 372. Spec. Char., S^c. Calyx not glandulose, pubescent ; the segments on the lower lip nearly equal, ex- ceeding a little the upper lip in length. Branches almost glabrous. Flowers distant. Standard pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Na- tive of sterile places and heaths in the Pvrenees, in Cevennes, in Provence, and in Rome. ' Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers yel- low ; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in October. It well deserves a place in British gardens; where, when judiciously treated, it will, owing to the moisture of our climate, attain double the height that it docs in the South of France. 372. A. teloniiuu. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE: ONONIS. Genus IX. •229 _a&_ .-m t'NO^NIS L. The Restharrow, Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Decandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 863. ; Lam. Ill, t. 616. ; Dec. Prod , 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. \Siinonymes. Anh\\\s. and 2Va.trix MojrecA JV/fV/(. 157. and 158. ; Arrete-boeuf, or sometimes Bugrane, I Fr. \ Hauhechel, Ger. {Derivation. Said to be from onos, an ass ; because only asses would feed upon so prickly a plant. Restharrow is a corruption of arrest, that is, stop, harrow ; from the long and deeply seated roots opposing a serious impediment to the plough or harrow. Gen. Char. Caly.v campanulate, 5-cleft, with linear segments. Vexillum lai'ge, striated. Stamens nionadelphoiis, the tenth one sometimes ahnost free. Legume usually turgid, sessile, t'ew-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves trifoliolate, stipulate, alternate, deciduous. Fknvers yellow, pur- plish and red, or rarely white. — Shrubs, very low, sufFruticose j natives of Europe. Two species are hardy. The peduncle is, in many instances, furnished with an awn, which is the iietiole of an abortive floral leaf. Tue two specimens here described are well idaptcd for rockwork or flower-borders, on account of their lively flowers, [A'hich are red, or reddish purple; colours not frequently met with in the lig- heous Legiiminaceae, by far the greater part of which have yellow flowers. iFhey are readily propagated by seeds or by division, and vill grow in any soil that is tolerably dry. J* 1. 0. FRUTico^sA L. The shrubby Restharrow. dentification. Lin. Sp., 1010. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 167. ; Don's Mill., 2 p. 160. Ingrnvings. N. Du Ham., I. t. 58.; Mill. Icon., t. 36. ; Bot. Mag.,t. 317 ; and our fig. 373. jvpcc. Char., ^c. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets sessile, lanceohite, serrated. Stipules connate into. one, sheath- I ing, and 4-awned ; and, in the uppermost parts of the I plant, occupying the places of leaves which are absent. Pedicels .3-flowered, disposed in a raceme. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Alps of Dauphine, &c. Height 1 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1680. Flowers purplish red ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 'ariety. jk (). f. 2 microphylla Dec, O. fruticosa Asso. — Leaflets small, obovate, and serrated. Native of the mountains of Aragon. 3„. o. fru.ic6,» J* 2. O. rotundifo'lia L. The round-leaved Restharrow. lentification. Lin. Sp, ed. 1. p. 719., but not ed. 2. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. ICl. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. innnyme.s. 0. Iatif61ia Asso Si/n. 97., Lin, Manf. t. 11. f. 1. ; A'atrix rotiindifi^lia Moencli. mgravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr. Append., t. 49. ; Bot. Mag., t. 335, ; and our fig. 374. •pec. Cliar., Sfc. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, J and toothed. Peduncles 3-flowered, and with- I out bracteas. (Dec. Prod.) A lov/ shrub. Native j of the Pyrenees, and the Alps. Height 1 ft. to I 2 ft. Introduced in 1570. Flowers purplish red; • May to Sept. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Other Kinds of Ononis. — O. tribracteata Dec, a pffruticose plant with pink flowers, supposed to b a native of Carinthia, differs little from O. ro- |indif61ia. Several other species are hardy, but bt sufficiently ligneous for our purpose. ^ Q 3 160 374. O. rotundifdlia. 230 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITAXNICUM. Genus X. AMO'RPHA L. T;iE Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. tielphia Decandiia. Lin. Sr/st. Mona- Identijication. Lin. Oeii., 369. ; Lam. 111., t 621. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synotiymes. Bonafidia jN'ec*. Eletn. No. 1364.; Faux Indigo, Fr. ; Unforra, Ger. ; Amorl'a, Itdl. Derivation. From a, privative, and viorplie, form ; in reference to the deiorraity of the corolla, from the want of the wings and keel. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed, obconically campanulate. Vexillum ovate, con- cave. Wings and Keel wanting. Style filiform, straight, glabrous. Stamens exserted, monadelphous at the very base. Leiiume compressed, 1-celled, l_2.seeded. {Don's Alill.) Leaves compound, impari-pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; stipules deciduous. Flowers of a blue violet colour, in spicate racemes. Shrubs, large, deciduous; natives of North America. Leaves having many pairs of leaflets that have transparent dots in their disks, and usually minute stipules at their base. The flowers are disposed in racemes, usually grouped at the tips of the branches. The species are highly ornamental on account of their leaves, and more especially of their long spikes of flowers ; which, though, when taken separately, they are small, and imperfect in regard to form, are yet rich from their number, and their colours of purple or violet, spangled with a golden yellow. The plants are not of long duration ; and are liable to be broken by wind; for which reason they ought always to be planted in a sheltered situation. They produce abundance of suckers, from which, and from cuttings of the root, they are very readily propagated. Si 1. A. FRUTico^SA Lin. The shrubby Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1003. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synonymes. Wild Indigo, Amer. ; faux Indigo, Fr., Strauchartiger Unform, Ger. ; Indaco bastardo, Barba di Giove, Ital. Engravings. Schkuhr Handb., t. 197. ; Bot. Reg., 427. ; and our^^. 375. Spec. Char., S^c. Rather arborescent, somewhat villose or glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, the lowest distant from the base of the petiole. Calyx somewhat villose ; 4 of its teeth obtuse, 1 acuminate. The standard glandless. Legume few-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) An erect glabrous shrub. Carolina and Florida, on the banks of rivers. Height 9 ft. to 1 2 ft. Flowers very dark bluish purple ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe Oct. Naked young wood greyish brown. Varieties. 35 A. f. 2 angustifoUa Pursh has the leaf lets linear-elliptic. 36 A.f. 3 emargindta Pursh has the leaflets notched, and the calyx hoary. at //. /. 4 Lewisn Lndd. Cat., 1830, appears to have rather larger flowers! and leaves than the species. j !E A. f. 5 carulea Lodd. Cat., 1830, has the flowers of somewhat a paler' blue. Perhaps only a variation of A. croceo-lanata. ss 2. A. (f.) gla^bra Dcsf. The glabrous Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Desf. Cat. Hort. Par., 192. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 25G. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. ' Engraving. Our fg. 376. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. I Spec. Char., c^c. Rather arborescent, glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, thci Amrfrjiha fiuticosa. XXV. LEGUMIXA CE^. : AMO RPHA. 231 lowest distant from the base of the petiole. Calyx glabrous, four of its teeth obtuse, one acuminate. Standard glanded on the outside. Legume containing few seeds. {Dec. Prod.) A glabrous shrub. North America- Height sTt. to 6ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers bluish purple; July and August. Legume brown ; ripe in October. 376. A. (f.) glabra. 377. A. (f.) nina. 378. A. (f.) friluTans. -a 3. A. (f.) na^na N'utt. The dwarf Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification Nutt. in Fras. Cat., 1813. ; Nov. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 91. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. j Synojtyme. A. raicrophj'lla Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 466. I Engravings. Bet. Mag., 2112. ; and our Jig. 377. ^ec. Char., S^c. Shrubby, dwarf, rather glabrous. Leaflets elliptical, mucro- nulate. Calyx glabrous, all its teeth setaceously acuminate. Legume 1- seeded. (Dec. Prod.) A low glabrous shrub. Native of herbage-covered hills near the Missouri. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced 1811. Flowers purple, fragrant ; July and August. Legume brown ; ripe in October. « 4. A. (f.) fra^grans Sweet. The fragrant Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. .Swt. Fl.-Gard., t. 241. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synonyme. A. nana Sims in hot. Mag. t. 2112., but not of others. Engravings. Swt. Fl.-Gard., t. 241.; Bot. Mag., t. 2112. ; and our fig. 378. Spec. Char,, S^c. Shrubliy> pubescent. Leaves with 6 — 8 pairs of elliptic- oblong mucronate leaflets, obtuse at both ends, young ones pubescent. Calyx pubescent, pedicellate; superior teeth obtuse, lower one acute. Style hairy. (Don's Mill.) A pubescent shrub. North America. Height 7ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers dark purple; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. ^ 5. A. (f.) cro'ceo-lana'ta Wats. The Saffron-coloured-woolly Amorpha, or tawny Bastard Indiso. ■ o \ldenlification. Wats. Dend. Brit. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. [Engravings. "Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 139. ; and our fig. 379. ppec. Char., S^c. Plant clothed with tawny pu- bescence. Racemes branched. Leaves with 6 — 8 pairs of olilong-elliptic, mucronulate, downy leaflets ; the 3 upper teeth of calyx ovate, acute, the 2 lower ones very short, and rounded. (Don's Mill) A pubescent shrub. North America. Height 3 It. to 5 ft. Introd. 1820. Flovr-ers purple or purplish 379. a. (f.) trsceo )»»». blue ; July and August. Legume dark brown, or brown ; ripe in October. Q 4 232 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. j» 6. A. (f.) cane'scens Nutt. The canescent Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Nutt. in Fras. Cat., 1813, and Gen. Amer., 2. p. 92.; Pursh Fl Amer. Sept., 2. p. 467. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 2,34. Synnnyme. ? A. pubescens Pursh 2. p. 467. Engraving. Our fig. 380. from Pursh's specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Suffruticose, dwarf, all over whitely tomentose. Leaflets ovate-elliptic, mucronate, the lowest near the base of the petiole. Calyx tomen- tose; its teeth ovate, acute, equal. Ovary 2- ovLiled. Legume 1-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) A low tomentose shrub ; Louisiana, on the banks of the Missouri and the Mississippi. Height 3 ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers dark blue ; July and August. Le- gume brown ; ripe in October. 380. A. (f.) canesccns' Genus XL [■ m EYSENHA'RDT/^ H. etB. The Eysenhardtia. Lin. Si/st. I>iade\phk Decandria. Identification. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen.,vi. p. 489.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 257. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synomjme. Dalbergm Spreng. Syst. App. 263. Deritintion. Named in honour of Charles Williatn Eysenbardl, M.D., a professor in the University of Konigsberg, in Prussia. Gen. Char. Calyx obconically campanulate, 5-toothed ; upper teeth rather remote, lower one longest. Petals 5, disposed in a papilionaceous manner. Vexillurn oblong, and the two keel petals distinct. Stamens diadelphous. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, impari-pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; beset with glands. Flowers in terminal racemes, white. — An unarmed shrub or low tree ; native of Mexico. ^ 1. E. AMORPHoroES H.et B. The Amorpha-like Eysenhardtia. Identification. H. B. et Kunth ; Dec. Prod., and Don's Mill. ; Bot. Reg. Chron., 1839, No. 55. Synonyme. Dalberg/a amorphdldes Spreng. Eiigravings. H. B. et Kunth, 6. t. 592. ; and our fig. 381. Spec. Char., Sfc. An unarmed low tree or shrub, with ini[)ari-piunate leaves, composed of many 'pairs of stipulate leaflets, and these are, as well as the calyxes, beset with glands. Racemes terminal, cylindrical, flowers white. {Don's Mill., ii. p. 234.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Mexico, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft ; in British gar- dens 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1837. Flowers white. Legume ?. This plant was raised in the Hort, Soc. Garden, and has proved quite hardy. The leaves are dis- tinctly marked with glandular dotting ; a very un- usual case among leguminous plants. The twigs are short, and so closely set upon the branches as to form a dense mass of foliage. Each is termi- nated by an erect compact spike, from 2 in. to 3 iu. long, of white or pale yellow flowers, which, although not larger than those of a spiraea, nevertheless, from theii" abundance, must produce a beautiful appearance. {Bot. Keg. 3S\. Ejsenhirdtia amor|ihUides. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE : IIOBi'nIA. 233 Genus XII. x'ilLf ROBVSIA Lin. The Robima, or Locust Tree. Lin. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Identification. Dec. Mem. Leg., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 2(11. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 237. Synonymes. Pseudac&cia Tourn. Inst. t. 417., Mcench Jileth. 14.").; Kobinier, Fr.; Hobinie, Ger. Dcrivatiun. Named in honour of Jcaii Rubin, a French botanist, once herbalist to Henry IV. of France, author o( Histoire des Plnntcs. r2mo, Paris, 1620; printed with the second edition of Lonicer's History of Plants. His son Vespasian was sub-demonstrator at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, and was the first person who cultivated the RoWn/a Pseud-.(4ciicia in Europe. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed, lanceolate, 2 upper ones shorter and approxi- mate. Corolla papilionaceous. Vexillum large. Keel obtuse. Stamens dia- delphoiis, deciduous. Ovaries 16 — 20-ovulate. Style bearded in front. Legume compressed, almost sessile, many-seeded, with the valves thin and flat, margined at the seminiferous suture. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, unequally pinnate, alternate, deciduous ; leaflets generally ovate or obovate, petiolate. Flotuers vvhite or rose-coloured, in axillary usually nodding racemes. — Trees, deciduous, natives of North Ame- rica, where one of the species is highly valued for its timber. The species are prized, partly for their use, but chiefly for their beauty. They are readily propagated by seeds, large truncheons of the stem and branches, cuttings of the roots, or by grafting; and they will grow in any soil that is not too wet. Their roots are creeping, and their branches very brittle : they grow rapidly, but are generally not of long duration. Their rapid growth is a property that they have in common with all trees and plants the principal roots of which extend themselves close under the surface ; because there the soil is always richest : but the same cause that produces this rapidity at first occasions the tree to grow slowly afterwards, unless the roots are allowed I ample space on every side ; since, as they never penetrate deep, they soon exhaust all the soil within their reach. They are, therefore, highly objec- tionable among ornamental shrubs, or in flower borders. For this reason, also, such trees are objectionable as hedgerow trees, or as scattered groups in arable lands ; their roots pi-oving a serious impediment to the plough, and the suckers thrown up by them choking the corn crops. Roots, on the other hand, which penetrate perpendicularly as well as horizontally, belong to more slowly, but more steadily, growing trees, which always attain a larger size in proportion to the extent of ground they occupy. 2 1. R. Pseu^d-JcaYia Lin. The common Robinia, or False Acacia. Identification. Lin. .Sp., 104.3. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 201. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 237. Synonymes. ^schyn6raene Pseudacacia /Joj6. ; Pseudacacia odorata Mcencli Meth. 14.5.; Locust Tree, Ainer. ; the Bastard Acacia ; Robinier faux Acacia, Acacia blanc, Carouge des Americains, Fr. ; gemeine .\cacie, Schotendorn, Ger. Derivation. This tree, when first introduced, was supposed to be a species of the Egyptian acacia, (.Acacia vera), from its prickly branches and pinnated leaves, which resembled those of that tree. It was named the locust tree' by the missionaries, who fancied that it was the tree that supported St. John in the wilderness. It is not, however, a native of any other part of the world than North America. The name Carouge is the French word for carob bean, the locust tree of Spain ; which, being also a native of Syria, is, probably, the true locust of the New Testament. The German name of Schotendorn is composed of sc/iote, a pod, or legume, and dorn, a thorn. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 66(i. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 16.; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our fig. 382. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Prickles stipular. Branches twiggy. Racemes of flowers loose and pendulous ; and smooth, as are the legumes. Leaflets ovate. The flowers are white and sweet-scented ; the roots creeping, and their fibres sometimes bearing tubercles. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree, above the middle size. North America. Canada to Carolina. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers white ; May and June. Legume compressed, dark purplish brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood purplish brown. "234 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varieties. The plant varying much in its different native localities, and alsc having been long cultivated from seeds in Europe, the varieties are nume- rous. Some of those included in the following list appear in our Hortus Britannicus, and in Don's Miller, as species ; while some hybrids, such as R. hybrida and R. intermedia, might also have been considered as varieties, but we have preferred keeping them apart. 1 R. P. 2 flora luteo Dumont 6. p. 140. has the flowers yellow. t R. P.3 inerviu Dec. Prod. ii. p. 261., Dec. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 136.— Prickles wanting, or nearly obsolete. Leaflets flat. Plant of free growth, in which respect it differs from R. P. umbraculifera. 1 72^ P. 4 crispa Dec. Prod. ii. p. 261. — Prickles wanting. Leaflets all, or for the most part, undulately curled. ¥ R.P.b umbraculifera Dec. Prod. ii. p. 261., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 157. R. inermis Dum. Cours. vi. p. 140. — Prickles wanting. Branches much crowded, and smooth. Head orbicular. Leaflets ovate. This variety is said to have been raised from the seed of R. Pseud-.^cacia ; and, according to Dumont de Courset, to have yellow flowers. It has been common in British gardens since 1820, but has not yet flowered in this country. ¥ R. P. 6 tortubsa Dec. Prod. ii. p. 261. ; and the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. — Branches much crowded, and twisted. Racemes simi- lar to those of R. Pseud-Jcacia, but smaller and fewer-flowered. *? R.P.I sophorae/o/;rt Lodd. Cat. 1830 has the leaves lai-ge, and some- what like those of Sophora japonica. i' R. P. S amorphcBj'oUa Lk. has leaves somewhat like those of Amorpha fruticosa. 1 R. P 9 striata Lk. has the general tendency of the shoots upright ; but still the plant is not so fastigiate as the Lombardy poplar. 2 R. P. 10 procera Lodd. Cat. 18.30. — A tall vigorous-growing variety. "£ R.P.W pendula Ort. Dec. p. 26. — The shoots are somewhat droop- ing, but not very decidedly so. "i* R. P. 12 monstrosa Lodd. Cat. 1830. — The leaves are large, and twisted, "if R. P. 13 maa-ophylla Lodd. Cat. 1830 has the leaves long, and the leaflets broad. 1 R. P. 14 vncrophylla Lodd. Cat. 1830, R. angustifolia Hort., has the leaves small, and the leaflets narrow. ¥ R. P.\b spectabdis Dum. has large leaves and is without prickles: it produces straight vigorous shoots, which are angular when young. It was raised trom seed by M. Descemet, at St. Denis, and was formerly known in the French nurseries by the name of Acacia agacante (enticing). ' t R. P. \6 latidliqua, the broad-podded locust, is mentioned m Prince's Catalogue for 1829. Most of these varieties are tolerably distinct in the foliage when the plants are young. Those best worth cultivating, for the shape of the tree, are R. P. umbraculifera, the parasol acacia ; R. P. pendula ; R. P. stricta, the upright-growing sort ; and R. P. spectabilis. With regard to the yellow- flowered variety, it may be worth continuing by grafting or suckers ; but, to make quite sure of having white flowers, the trees producing them ought to be propagated by grafting also ; as plants raised from seed, though for the most part they have white flowers, yet occasionally produce yellowish ones. The wood, which is commonly of a greenish yellow colour, marked with brown veins, is hard, compact, and susceptible of a bright polish : it has a good deal of strength, and is very durable ; but it has not much elasticity, and is somewhau liable to crack. A cubic foot of locust wood, newly cut, weighs 63 lb. 3 oz. ; half-dry, 56 lb. 4 oz. ; and, when quite dry, only 48 lb. 4 oz. Its value for fuel, when compared with that of the beech, is as 12 to 13. For duration Hartig places it immediately after the oak, before the larch and the XXV. I.EGU.AIINA CE^, : ROBIN/.-f t>35 382. RobSnia Pseiid-^cacia. Scotch pine. According to Barlow, the strength of acacia timber, as compared with fine EngHsh oak, is as 1867 to 1672 ; the strength of ash being as 2026 ; beech, 1556; elm, 1013; Riga fir, 1108 ; Norway spar (spruce nr), 14.74 ; and teak, 2462. The tree has one property almost p>eculiar to it, that of forming heart-wood at a very early age, viz. in its third year ; whereas the sap-wood of the oak, the chestnut, the beech, the elm, and most other trees, does not begin to change into heart, or perfect, wood, till after 10 or 15 years' growth. The trees of this species, and of several of its varieties, in the garden of the Horticultural So- ciety, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, have attained the height of 30 ft- and upwards, in 10 years from the time they were planted. There is, perhaps, no American tree respectmg which so much has been said and done, in Europe, as the locust. It was one of the first trees that we received from America, and it has been more extensively propagated than any other, both in France and Eng- land. It has been alternately extolled and neglected in both countries ; and even at the present time, though the beauty of its foliage and flowers is generally ac- knowledged, and though it has, at different periods, been enthusiastically praised by different writers, for the valuable properties of its wood, it cannot he con- sidered as holding a high rank as a timber tree, or as being w orth planting with a view to profit. We [)ass over many curious and historical facts respecting the locust tree, for which we refer to the 1st edit, of this work, and come to the year 1823, when an extraordinary sensation was excited in Britain respecting this tree by Cobbett. This writer, while in America, from 1817 to 1819, " was convinced that nothing in the timber way could be so great a benefit as the general cultivation of this tree." On his return to England he commenced nurseryman, and the name of locust, as applied to this tree, being, before Cobbett's time, almost forgotten in England, many persons, in consequence, thought it was a new tree. Hence, while quantities of plants of Robinia Pseiid-^cacia stood unasked for in the nurseries, the locust, which every one believed could only be had genuine from Mr. Cobbett, could not be grown by him in sufficient quantities to supply the demand. After creating a prodigious sensation for a few years, the locust mania entirely subsided, and the tree is now, as it was before Cobbett's time, planted only, or chiefly, for ornament. 2 2. R. visco^sA Vent. The c\a.mmy-barked Robinia. Identification. Vent. Hort Cels., t. 4. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 292. ; I>on's Mill., 2. p. 238. Synonymes. R. glatlndsa Bot. Mag. 560. ; R. montana Bartram \ the Rose-flowering Locust. Engravings. Vent, Hort. Cels., t. 4. ; Bot. Mag., t. 560., as R. glutindsa ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit,, voL v. ; and our fig. 38i Spec. Char., i^c. Branches and legumes glandular and clammy. Racemes crowded, erect. Bracteas concave, deciduous, each ending in a long bristle. 236 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITTANICUM. 583. Robinzti vlscosa. The 3 lower teeth of the calyx acuminated. Roots creeping, {Dec. Prod.) A clammy-barked tree. South Carolina and Georgia, near rivers. Height 30 ft. to '40 ft. Introduced in 1797. Flowers scentless, pale pink mixed with white, varying to pale purple or violet colour according to the soil; Jime to August. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Naked young wood purplish and clammy. The bark, particularly that of the young shoots, which is of a dull red, is covered with a clammy substance, which, when touched, sticks to the fingers. In every otlier respect, both in natural characters and artificial culture, this tree strongly resembles the common R. Pseud-vicacia. ^ 3. R. DU^BIA Fouc. The doubtful Robinia, or False Acacia. Identification. Fouc. in Desv. Journ. Bot., 4. p. 204., but not of Poir. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 261. ; Don't Mill., 2. p. 238. Synnm/mes. R. hybrida Attdih. ; R. ambigua Poir. Suppl. 4. p. 690. ; and, perhaps, R. echinita Mill. Diet.. No. 2. ; R. intermtdia Soulmige- Bodin in Ann. d'Hort. de Paris, 2. p. ■13. Engraving. Our Jig. . in p. Sjyec. Char., d^-r. Spines very short. Branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes furnished with a few glands, rarely clammy. Leaflets ovate. Racemes loose and pendulous. Bracteas concave, caducous, ending each in a long bristle. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree, rather uncier the middle size. Hybrid? between R. Pseud- Jcacia and R. viscosa. Originated in ? 1730. Flowers sweet-scented, pale rose-coloured ; June to August. Pods brown, thickly beset with short prickles ; ripe in October. !? ^ 4. R. Hi'spiDA Lin. The hispid Robinia, or Rose Acacia. Identification. Lin. Mant., 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 262. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 238. Sytioriymes. R. rtisea N. Du Ham. 1. t. 18. ; R. montana Bartr. Voy. 2. p. 12S. ; .(Eschynomene hfspida Uoxb. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 244. ; Bot. Mag., 311. ; and omfig. 384. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines wanting. Leaflets obovate. Branches and legumes hispid. Racemes loose ; the 3 lower teeth of the calyx acuminated. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub, or low tree. Carolina, in pine woods. Height 6 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1758. Flowers large, dark rose-coloured ; June to October. Legume brown ; ripe in October and November. Naked young wood purplish brown, thickly beset with prickles. S fc^i^'.'^i^^^ &.^. 384 . RoblniJ hisi)iila. XXV. leguminaVe^ : caraga^na. 237 [ Varieties. I M R. h. 2 ncina Dec. is a plant hardly a foot high, found in pine woods in Carolina. & R. h. 3 rosea Pursh has the leaflets for the most part alternate, and the branches sinoothish. In its native habitats, on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina, it grows, according to Pursh, to a con- siderable shrub , whereas the species is a low straggling plant. sn R. k. 4! vtacroj)/i^l/a Dec, R. grandiflora Hort., figured in Arb. Brit., I 1st edit., vol. v., has the leaflets large, and ovate-roundish; and the i branches and peduncles glabrous, and without prickles. The species, and the different varieties, are shrubs or low trees, with tor- • tuous and very brittle branches, and leaves and flowers nearly twice the size Iof those of Robinia Pseud-Jcacia. They form singularly ornamental shrubs for gardens ; but, as standards or bushes, they can be only planted with safety in the most sheltered situations. When grafted standard high, and trained to I a wire parasol-like frame, supported on a rod or post 6 or 8 feet high, few ts are equal to R. h. macrophjUa in point of brilliant display. I plant Genus XIII. Li CARAGA'NA Lam, The Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Lin, Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 611. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. Robln/a sp. L. Derivation. Caragan is the name of C. arborescens among the Mongol Tartars. Gen, Char, Calyx short, tubulous, 5-toothed. Corolla obtuse, straight ; the wings and vexillum about equal in length. Stamens diadelphous. Style glabrous. Stigma terminal, truncate. Legume sessile^ young ones com- pressed, at length somewhat cylindrical and many-seeded, mucronate by the style. Seeds somewhat globose. (Do7i's Mill.) Leaves compound, abruptly pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; stipules usually spinescent. Flowers mostly yellow. Trees or shrubs, natives of Siberia and of the East. Leaves with the leaflets mucronate, and the petioles either with a bristly or a spiny point; their flovv'ers ixillary, each on a distinct pedicel, usually several together, pale yellow, except in C. jubata, in which they are white tinged with red ; their stipules usually become spines. They are all ornamental or curious, and of the easiest culture in any common soil ; propagated by cuttings of the roots or by seeds, phe dwarf and pendulous-growing species, when grafted standard high on C. uborescens, form very singular trees. S 1. C. arbore'scens Lam, The arborescent Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. dentiftcaiion. Lara. Diet., 1. p. 61.5. ; Dec. Prod., 2. d. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. ynonymes. Robini'n Caragdna Lin. Sp. 1044., N.'Du Ham. 2. t. 19., Pall. Fl. Ross. l.t. 42. ; Caragana sibfrica Ray ; fausse Acacie de Siberie, Robinie de Siberie, Arbre aux Pois des Russes, Fr. ; Sibirische Erbsenbaum, Ger. ; Gorochoik, Russ. ■ ngravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t 19. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t 42., middle figure ; the plate i)f this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and out fig. 385. »pec. Char., Sj-c, Leaves with 4 — 6 pairs of oval-oblong villous leaflets. Petiole unarmed. Stipules spinescent. Pedicels in fascicles. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Siberia, in woods, and upon the banks of rivers. Height 13ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellow; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. 238 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICE BRITANNICUM. C. arborescens. Variety. 1 C. a. 2 inermis Hort. has the branches without spines. Plants in the Horti- cultural Society's Garden. Pallas informs us that upon the banks of rivers it grows to the height of 18 ft. or more ; but in arid places it is only a small shrub ; in the latter state forming, as we think, the varieties C. (a.) Altagdna, and C. (a.) microphylla. C. arborescens forins an erect stifF tree, with numerous upright- growing branches. The flowers are axillary, one on a pedicel ; the pods are oblong-taper, and each contains 3 or 4 seeds. The wood is hard, com- pact, and very tough ; yellow on the outside ; and within, waved and striped with red, and with reddish brown. .» 2. C. (a.) Altaga^na Poir. The Altagana Caragan a, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identificalion. Poir. Sup., 2. p. 89. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robin/a Al- tagana Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 42., L'Herit. Stirp. t. 76. ; Cara- gdna microphylla Lam. Diet. 1. p. 615. Derivation. Altagana is the name of the shrub in Siberia. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 42., under the name of Ro- hinia Altagdna; L'Herit. Stirp., t. 76. ; and.our/g. 386. Spec, Char., S^-c. Leaves having 6 or 8 pairs ot glabrous, obovate-roundish, retuse leaflets. Pe- tiole unarmed. Stipules spinescent. Pedicels solitary. Legumes rather compressed. (^DorCs Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, in arid plains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1789. Flowers yellow ; April to July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Usually propagated by grafting on C. arborescens. 3. C. (a.) microphy'lla Dec. The small-leaved Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robinm microphylla Pall. Fl. Boss. t. 4'4., f. 1, 2.; Caragana Altagdna var. Poir. Suppl. 2. p. 89. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 32. f 1, 2., under the name of Robinm microphylla ; and out fig. 387. Spec Char., Sfc. Leaves with 6 — 7 pairs of hoary retuse leaflets. Petioles and stipules S-, rather spinescent at the apex. Root creep- ing. (Bon's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, in the Desert of Baraba, and in other arid places. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow ; April to June. Le- gume brown ; ripe in August. J* 4. C. (a.) Redo'wsk/ Dec. Reuowski's Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. Lt'gum., t. 11. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Engraving. Dec. Legum., t. II. f. 45., in the seedling state. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves with two pairs of ovate, acute, smooth leaflets. Stipules spinose. Flowers yellow. (Doit's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. 386. C. (a.) Allagilna. C. (a.) microphylla. XXV, legumina'ce^: CARAGA'NA. 239 3S3 C. (a.) arenaria. It ripens seeds in Eng- Variety. j» C- (A.) R. 2 prcB'co.i- Fisch. only differs from C. Redowski in coming into flower earlier. The specimen in the Hort. Soc. Garden was in full leaf, and in flower, on April 30. 18.36, when C. frutescens and C. arborescens had not a single leaf expanded. In aeneral appearance and habit of growth, it resembles C. Allagdna, ot whichit is probably only a variety. H. S. J* 5. C. (a.) arena^ria Do7in and Sims. The Sand Caragana. Jdentification. Donn Hort. Cant.; Sims Bot. Mag.,t. 1886. Engravings. Sims Bot. Mag.,t. 1886. ; and our Jig. 388. Spec, Char., cjc. Leaves with, usually, 4 or more pairs of obcordate leaflets. Pedicels usually twin, and shorter than the flowers. Stipules subulate. Flowers yellow. (^Doii's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 1 ft. to 2ft. Introtl. 1802. Flowers yellow; April and May. Legume dark brown; ripe in August. Probably only another variety of C. arborescens land, bat is generally propagated by grafting. I i s 6. C. frute'scens Dec. The shrubby Caragana. i Identificalion. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 843. t Synonymes. Roblnm frutescens Lin. Spec. 1044., Pall. Fl. Boss. t. 43. ; C. digitata Lam. Diet. I l.p. 616. .■ i Engravings. Swt, Fl.-Gard., t 227. ; Pall. FI. Ross., t. 43., as Robinj'a frutescens ; and ourySg. 389. Spec. Char., S{c. Leaves having 2 pairs of leaflets, which approximate near the top of the petiole : they are obo- vate-cuneated. Stipules membranous. Petiole furnished with a short spine at the apex. Pedicels solitary, twice the length of the calyx. Flowers yellow, resupinate. Leaves with a yellow hue. {Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Native of Russia, on the banks of the Wolga and other rivers. Height in open situations 5 ft. ; in woods and gardens 9 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellow ; May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. DeCandolle mentions two forms: — ^ C. f. I latifolia, which has gla- brous broadly obovate leaflets, and is frequent in gardens ; there being a subvariety, with 2-flowered peduncles ; and * C. /. 2 angustifolia, which has glabrous oblong cuneated leaflets, and is found near Odessa. A handsome shrub, sometimes grafted standard high on C. arborescens. 389. C. frutescens. jt 7. C. (f.) mo'llis Bess. The soft Caragana. Identification. Bess. Enum. PI. Volh., p. 29.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synovymes. Robin!am611is .B/fft. FL Taur- Svppl. 477.; RobinjVj tomen. tbs3i Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. 1818; Caragana Irut^scens var. mdllis XlfC. Prod. 2. p. 268. Engraving. Our Jig. 390. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves with 2 pairs of oblong, cuneated, approximate leaflets, near the tip of the petiole, clothed 390; c (f)m(iiiis ^'^^ ^^^ ^^^''* P^tiolo ending in a short spine. Pe- dicels solitary. Flowers yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Native of Tauria and Podolia. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Legume brown; ripe in August. 2i0 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 391. C. pyKmSB^Jl. J* 8. C. PYGM^^A Dec. The pygmy Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill, 2 p. 243. Synonyme. Roblnzo pyginae^a Lin. Sp. 1044., PaH. Fl. Ross. 1. 1. 4.'>. , Amm. Ruth. t. S."). Engravings. Pall. Fl- Koss., 1. t. 45. ; Amm. Ruth., t. 3-i., as Robinm pygmce^a ; and our^^. .igi. 5/Jec. Char., ^-c. Leaves with 2 pairs of linear, glabrous, approximate leaflets near the tip of the petiole, which is very short. Stipules and petioles spi- nescent. Pedicels solitary, and nearly the length of the calyx. Calyx nearly equal at the base. Leaflets acute, crowded, usually in the axils of trifid spines. Flowers yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Native of the Altaic Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 17'31. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Le- gume brown ; ripe in August. Va7ieft/. J* C.p. 2arendria Fisch.has linear-cuneate leaf- lets, and pedicels of the flowers generally longer than the calyx. This species has large trifid spines, slender leaves, and small flowers. The leaflets are remarkable for being in fours, disposed in the form of a star, in the axils of the spines. The young shoots are of a fine yellow, very tough, and fit for being used as withs. When grafted as a standard on C. arborescens, it forms a small tree of very singular appearance. Increased by suckers or by grafting. -* 9. C. spiNo'sA Dec. The spiny Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1021. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robln?a spinbsa Lin. Mant. 2G9. ; Robin;a ferox Pall. Fl. Ross. 1. t. 44., Itin. t. E. e. f. 2. and 3. ; Robinm spinosissima Laxm. Nov. Act. Pet. 15. t. 30. f. 4. ; Caragana ferox Lam. Diet. 1. p. 31.5. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 44. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1021. ; and our fig. 392. Spec. Char.,^c. Leaves with 2 — 4 pairs of cu- neate-linear glabrous leaflets. Stipules small, spinose. Adult petioles permanent, strong, and spinose, twice the length of the leaflets. Flowers solitary, almost sessile, and of a bright yellow. Legume rather compressed. (Don-sMill.) A spiny shrub. Si- beria, in gravelly arid situations ; and also said to be plentiful in Chi- na, about Pekin, where branches of it are stuck in clay upon the tops of the walls, in order that its spines may prevent persons from getting over them. {Pall. Fl. Ross.) Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1755. Flowers yellow; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Seeds, cuttings, or grafting. Standard high it makes a very singular plant. jt 10. C. TRAGACANTHoi^DEs Poir. The Goat's- thorn-like Caragana. 392. C. spin6sa. 393. C, hragacanthoides. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 90. ; Dec. Prod., ;2. p. 269. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 244, Synonymes. Robinia /r^gacanthdides Pall.Sov. Act. Pet. 13. t. 7., Astr. 115. t. 86. ; RobiniVi n\»- cracantha Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Pall. Noy. Act Pet., 10. t. 7. ; Astr., 118. t. 86. ; and oury^. 393. XXV. leguminaYe.e : caraga^na. 241 Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves -with 2 — 4- pairs of oblong-lanceolate silky leaflets, ending in a little spine. Stipules spinescent. Adult petioles permanent, strong, and spinose, twice the length of the leaflets. Pedicels solitary, short. Legume hoary-villous. (Don's Mill.) A low spiny shrub. Native of Si- beria, among granite rocks. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow, drooping ; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. When grafted standard high, it forms a very singular object. -u II. C. JUBA^TA Fair. The crested Caragana. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 89. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 244. Synonyme. Kobin/a jubata Pall, in Act. Pet. 10. t. 6., Astr. p. 113. t. 85., Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 522. Sngravings. Pal. Act. Pet., 10. t. 6. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 622., as Robin/a jubata ; and our..^^. 394. Spec. Char., Src Leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate lanuginously ciliated leaflets. Stipules setaceous. Petioles somewhat spinose ; adult ones deflexed, filiform, permanent. Pedicels solitary, very short. Legume glabrous. Flowers few and white, suffused with red. {Don's Mill.) A low shrub ; native of Siberia near Lake Baikal. Height 1 ft. to 1 ft. 6 in. Introduced in 1796. Flowers white, tinged with red; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. ' i This species has a curious shaggy appearance, occasioned by the footstalks of the leaves being \^|\ i^>' "^\i•. bristly or thorny, and remaining on long after the leaflets have dropped oflT. Increased by s^*- c-jut^ta. grafting on Caragana arborescens, and as a standard forming a very singular looking object. jn 12. C. grandiflo'ra Dec. The great-flowered Caragana, Identification. Dec. Prod.,2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. Robinia grandill6ra Bieb. Fl. Taur. I. p. 168. Engraving. Our fig. 395. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves with 2 pairs of oblong-cuneated ap- proximate leaflets, near the tip of the petiole, which is very short. Stipules and petioles spinose. Pedicels soh'- tary, almost the length of the calyx, which is gibbous at tlie base. Legume terete, acute, brown, glabrous. Flowers 1 in. long, yellow. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub ; native of Georgia, near Teflis. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers yellow, 1 in. long ; June and July, Legume brown : ripe in September. H. S. ^ ^ 395. c: grandiflora js 13. C: Chamla^gu Lam. The Chamlagu, or Chinese Caragana. Identification. Lam. Diet, 1. p. 616.; Dec. Prod , 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. Robi'n/a Chamldgu L'Herit. Stirp., N. Du Ham. Engravings. L'Herit. Stirp., t. 77. ; N. Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 21. ; and our fig. 306. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves with 2 pairs of distant, oval, or obovate, glabrous leaflets. Stipules spreading, and, as well as the petioles, spinose. Pedicels solitary. Flowers pendulous, large, and yellow, at lenuth becoming reddish. Root smelling like liquorice. (Don's Mill.) A difl^use smooth shrub. Native of China. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1773. Flowers yellow, at length becoming reddish, large ; May and June. Legume brown; ripe August. sss. cc/wmti^^. ^ 242 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This species has a thick root and branching stem, with grey bark. The branches are alternate j at first upright, and then decumbent. The whole plant has a singular appearance, more especially when just going out of flower. It is generally propagated by separating the offsets, or by seeds, or it may be grafted on C. arborescens. Grafted on this species, especially when the stock is 10 or 12 feet high, it forms a singularly picturesque pendulous tree; beau- tiful not only when it is in leaf or in flower, but from the graceful lines formed by its branches, even in the midst of winter, when they are completely stripped of their leaves. Genus XIV. HALIMODE'NDRON Fisch. The Halimodendron, or Salt Tree Lin. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Identification. Fisch. in Litt. ; Dec. Legum. Mem., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 269. ; Don's Mill.. 2. p. 244. Synnnyme. Halodendron Dec. M4m.. ined. in Sue. Pkys. Gen. March 1824, but not of Petit Thouars. Derivation. From halimos, maritime, and dendron, a tree ; in reference to the habitat of the shrubs, which grow in dry naked salt fields, by the river Irtis, in Siberia. Gen. Char. Caly.x urceolately campanulate, with 5 short teeth. Keel obtuse, straightish. Wings very acute, and auricled. Stamens diadelphous, about equal in length. Style filiform, glabrous. Stigma terminal. Legume stipi- tate, inflated, bladdery, hard, ovate, and few-seeded, depressed at the semi- niferous suture. Seeds oval. (JDorCs Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; abruptly pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets : petioles and stipules spinose. Floiuers bluish pink, or purplish, in 2 — 3-flowered peduncles. — Shrubs, deciduous; natives of Europe and Asia. Propagated by seeds, by cuttings of the roots, or by grafting on the common laburnum, or on the Caragdna arborescens. ^ 1. H. arge'nteum Dec. The ?,i\\eYy-leaved Halimodendron, or Salt Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., a. p. 269. ; Don's Mill., 2 p. 244. Synonymes. Rob(n!« Halodendron Lin. fit. Suppl. 330., Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 36. Lam. in Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. App. ii. 3C0. t. S3, f. 1. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 36. ; and onr fig. 397. Spec. Char., ^'c. Leaves hoary. Peduncles 2- flowered. (Doll's Mill.) A shrub, known from the 'colour of its leaves and branches. Native of Siberia in saline steppes near the river Irtis. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1779. Flowers bluish pink, fragrant ; May to July. Legume inflated, brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. DeCandolle mentions two forms of this species : — ^ H. a. \ vulgdre Dec. Prod. — Leaves hoary or silvery. Standard the same length as the keel. Sk H. a. 2 brachyscma Dec. Prod. (Bot. Mag., 1016.; and our /g. 398.) — Leaves hoary or silvery. Standard shorter than t!ie wings and keel. St} le short. Caragana argtntea 397 argenteum. braclijiitm* XXV. LEGUMINA CEJE : CALO PHACA. 243 ^ H. a. 3 Sieversu, H. Sieversw Fisch., is a dwarf variety, very hardy, named by some as a species. H. S. I An irregular, much-branched, rigid shrub, with a strigose grey bark, and i leaves clotheil with a whitish silky down. The flowers are numerous, resem- bling those of iathyrus tuberosus, both in colour and size; and they smell ! sweet. According to Pallas, it is much frequented by insects, especially of the jgenus Meloe L., many species of which are peculiar to Siberia. It flowers 'freely from May to July, and, in moist seasons, later; and, when grafted [standard high on the common laburnum, it forms one of the most graceful ; drooping trees that can adorn a lawn. an 2. H. (a.) subvire'scens G. Don. The greenish Halimodendron, or Salt Tree. Stirp. Nov. 162. ; H. argenteuoi fi subvir^scens Dec. Prod. •Identification. Don's Mill., 2. p. 244. \%ijnonyines. Robin;a trifl6ra L'Herit. 2. p. 169. 'Engravini;. Out fig. . in p. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves greenish. The standard of the same length as the keel. Pedicels 3-flowered. (Don's Mill.) A shrub, like the preceding one, of which it is, without doubt, only a variety. Genus XV. jALO'PHACA Fisch. The Calophaca. Lin. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. ientification. Fisch. ined. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 270. derivation. From Icalos, beautiful, a.m\phake, a lentil ; in allusion to the beauty of the plant, and to its being one of the leguminaceous kind. \ren. Char. Calyx 3-cleft, the lobes acuminated. Keel obtu.se. Stamens dia- delphous. Style villous and straight at the base, but glabrous incurved at the apex. Stigma terminal. Legume sessile, oblong, somewhat cylindrical, mucronate, 1-celled. Valves concave, beset with soft hairs, as well as with stiff' glandular bristles, mixed. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; im pari- pinnate : stipules lanceolate. Floivers yellow. — A shrub, native of Siberia. ja \. C. wolga'rica Fisch. entification. Fisch. in Litt.: Dec. Prod., 2. p. 270.: Don's Mill., 2. p. 214. - t- . nonymes. Cytisus nigricans Pall. Itin. 3. p. 764. t. G. g. '■ 3., ed. Gall. Append. No. S.'iS. t. 101. f. 1. ; Cvtisus pin- latus Pall. Fl. Boss. 1. t. 47. ; CJ^tisus wolgaricus Lin. il. Suppl. 327., N. Du flam. 1. t. 48. ; Colutea wolga- •ica Lam. ; Adenocarpus wolgensis Spreng. Si/st. 3. p. 226. gravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 4. t. 47.; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 48.; ndour^^g.SDO. ec. Char., ^-c. Leaflets 6 or 7 pairs, orbicular, velvety beneath, as well as the calyxes. (Don's Mm.) A deciduous shrub. Siberia, in desert places near the rivers Don and Wolga, in a gravelly or sandy soil. Height 2 ft. to 8 ft. [Introduced in 1780. Flowers yellow; June, egume reddish ; ripe in August. eing somewhat difiicult to propagate except M seeds, which, however, in fine seasons, it jt)duces in abundance, it is not so common as 'ought to be in British gardens. Grafted s ndard high on the common laburnum, it forms ' R 2 The Wolga Calophaca. 399. CaWphaca wdigirien. 244 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. an object at once singular, picturesque, and beautiful, whether when covered with blossoms, or with its fine reddish pods. Genus XVI. COLU^TEA R. Br. The Colutea, or Bladder Senna. Lin. Si/st. Diadelphia Decandria. Identification. R. Br. in Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 4. p. 325. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 270. ; Don's IMilL, 2. p. 244. Synonymes. Baguenaudier, Fr. ; Senna falsa, Ital. ; Blasenbaum, Ger. Derivation. From kolouo, to amputate. The shrubs are said to die if the branches are lopped off. Koloutea is also the name of a plant mentioned by Theophrastus. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Vexillum flat, bicallose, larger than the keel, which is obtuse. Stamens diadelphous. Stigma lateral, hooked under the top of the style. Sti/le bearded longitudinally behind. Legume stipitate, ovate, boat-formed, inflated, scarious. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate : stipules small. Floivers usually yellow, axillary, the racemes shorter than the leaves, and succeeded by bladdery legumes. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of the Middle and South of Europe, the North of Africa, and Nepal. All the kinds that have hitherto been introduced into Europe are probably only varieties of one species. They are readily increased by seeds or cuttings of the roots on any common soil. 34 1. C. arbore'scens Lin. The arborescent Colutea, or Bladder Senna. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 270. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 245. Identification. Liu. Sp. 1045.; Dec. A-str., No. 1 Synonyme. C. hirsflta Roth Fl. Germ. 1. p. 305. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 22. ; Schmidt Arb., t. 117, Spec. Char., Sj'c. Leaflets elliptical, retuse duncles bearing about 6 yellow flowers. Callosities of the standard short. Legumes closed. {Dec. Prod.) A rapid-growing shrub. Middle and South of Europe, Italy, and on Mount Vesuvius is found even on the ascent to the crater, where there are scarcely any other plants. Height 12 ft. to 14 ft. Introduced in 1570. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume bladder-like, reddish ; ripe in September. The bladders, when pressed, explode with a crack- ling noise. On the Continent, the leaves have been recommended as a substitute for senna, and they are also said to aflTord a grateful food for cattle. The seeds, in doses of a drachm or two, are said to excite vomiting. In British gardens, the plant is chiefly valuable as a bulky fast-growing shrub, of the easiest culture, and fit for almost any situation. Bot. Mag., t. 81. ; and o\XT fig. 400. Pe- 400. ColCiCea arborescens. 34 2. C. (a.) crue'nta Ait. The h\oo{\\ -flowered Colutea, or Oriental Bladder Sen7ia. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 55. ; Dec. Astr., No. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p 245. Synonymes. C. orientalis I.itm. Diet. \. p. 3d3., III. 624. f. 3., AM)m //rt»i. 1. 1.23. ; C. sangulnea Pall. ; C. aptera Schmidt Arh. t. 119. ; C. hCimilis Scop. Engravings. Lam. 111., 624. f. 3. , N. Du Ham., 1. t. 23. ; Schmidt Arb., t 119. ; Krause, t. 105. : and our fig. 401. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets obovate, emarginate, glaucous. Peduncles bearing i 4 — 5 flowers. Callosities of the standard obtuse, very small. Legumes opening at the tip. Corolla, in colour, between red and saffron-coloured, j with a yellow spot at the base of the standard. {Dec. Prod.) A glaucous i XXV. LEGUMINA CEiE : COLU TEA. 245 shrub. Archipelago, Georgia, and the Levant. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. 1731. Flowers reddish copper-coloured ; June and July. Legume reddish ; ripe in August. Resembles C. arbor^scens, but of smaller dimensions, and with leaflets more glaucous, and more retuse. ^ 3. C. (a.) me'dia WiUd. The interme- diate Colutea, or Bladder Senna. Ideniification.WiWA.'Ermxtt., 771.; Dec. Prod.,2.p.270.; Don's Blill, 2. p. 245. Engravings. Wats. Dend. }irit., t. 140.; and our^e. 402. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaf- lets obcordate,glau- cescent. Peduncles usually 6-flowered. Legumes closed at the apex. Flowers orange-coloured. — {Don's Mill.) A shrub ratherlarger than C. (a.) cruenta, and diifering I from it chiefly in having orange-coloured flowers. Per- I iiaps, a hybrid between the two preceding sorts. 402. c. (a.) msdia. The Aleppo Colutea, or Bladder Senna. Identification. Lara. Diet, 1. p. 353. ; III., t. G24. f. 2. ; Dec. Astr., No. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 24.5. Synonymes. C. Poc6ck« Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 55 , Schmidt Aril. t. 129. ; C. istria Mill. Diet. No. 2. t. 100. j C. procum- bens L'Herit. Siirp. Nov. 2. t. 42. Engravitigs. Schmidt Arb., t. 120. ; and our fig. 403. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets roundishly elliptical, very obtuse, mucronate. Peduncles bearing 3 yellow flowers. Callosities of the standard lengthened, ascending. Legumes closed. Smaller than C. arborescens. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Fields about Aleppo. Height 3 ft. to 6ft, Litroduced in 1752. Flowers yellow; May to October. Legume reddish ; ripe Oct. Closely resembling C. arborescens, of which it appears to be a variety, but rather more tender in British gardens. Coltitea (a.) cruenta. C. (a.) hale'ppica Lam. C. (a.) haMppica 404. C. nepalensis. ^ 3. C. nkpale'nsis Hook. The Nepal Colutea, or Bladder Senna. ientification. Hook. Bot. Mag., 2622. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 245. '•Sravings. Hook. Bot. Mag., t 2622. ; and our fig. 404. R 3 246 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Spec. Char,, S;c. Leaflets roundish-elliptic, retuse. Racemes drooping, few- flowered. Callosities of standard papilliform. Legumes rather coriaceous, pubescent. (Don's Mill.) A branchy shrub. Nepal. Height 3 ft. to IGft. Flowers yellow ; August and September. Legume reddish; ripe in October. The leaflets are small, and, being more imperfectly-developed than in any of the other kinds, give it a singular appearance. Genus XVII. ASTRAGALUS Dec. The Milk Vetch. Decandria. Lin. Si/st. Diadelphia Identification. Dec. Astrag., No. 5. ; Prod., 2. p. 291. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 253. Synoiu/me. .Astragalus sp. of Lin. and others ; Astragale, Fr. ; Tragant, Ger. ; Astragalo, Ital. Derivation. From astragalos, a vertebra ; the seeds in the legumes of some species being squeezed into a squarish form, so as to look something like the joints of the backbone ; or, perhaps, from asier, a star, and gala, milk. It is also the name given to a shrub by Greek writers. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous. Legume bilocular or half-bilocular, from the upper suture being bent in so much. {Dons Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnate : petioles per- manent. Flowers in the only hardy ligneous species purplish or white. — Shrubs, low ; natives of the South of Europe and Asia. a. 1. A. rRAGACA'NTHA L. The Goat's-Thorn Milk Vetch, or Great Goafs Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1073. ; Woodv. Med. Bot., 276. t. 98. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., 84. Synonytne. A. massiliensis Lam. Diet. 1. p. 320., Dec. Aslr. No. 96., Don's Mill. 2. p. 266. Engravings. Pall. Astr., t. 4. f. 1, 2. ; Duh. Arb., 2. t. 100. ; Woodv. Med. Bot., 276. t 98. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 84. ; and our fig. 405. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles usually 4-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves. Calyxes cylindrical, with 5 short blunt teeth. Leaves with 9 — 11 pairs of elliptic hoary leaflets. (Don's Mill.) A low prickly glaucous shrub, with sub-persistent leaves, and persistent pe- tioles. Marseilles and Narbonne, in sanc^ places, as well as Corsica and Mauritania. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers purplish or white ; May to July. Legumes tomentose, brown ; ripe in Sep- tember. General aspect whitish. The flowers are disposed on axillary pe- duncles, so short as to prevent them from being at all conspicuous above the leaves. After the leaflets drop oflfl the petioles become indurated, so as to give the plant the appearance of being densely covered with spines. Propagated by seeds, which it sometimes ripens in England, or by cuttings. It requires a dry soil, and a sunny situation ; and is well adapted for rock-work. Other ligneous Species of Astragalus. — A. altdicus Lodd. Cab.; A. aristaius L'Herit. Stirp. 170., with yellow flowers, which is figureil in Bot. Cab. t. 1278., and our fig. 406. ; A. brerifolius, with a purplish flower, figured in Bot. Cab. t. 1388.. and our 7%. 407. ; and A. massiliensis Lam., which is probably a variety of A. TYagacantha with white flowers instead of purplish 405. j4stragalus Tragacaiitha. XXV. LEGUMINA*CE^ : CORONI'lLA. 247 406. ^str&galus arist^tus. 407. ^str&galus brevifblius. ones, are in British collections ; but, though technically ligneous, are usually treated as rock herbaceous plants. Sect. III. Hedysa^re^e. Genus XVIII. CORONI'LLA Neck. The Coronilla. Lin. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. t. 630. ; Dec. Vi jd., 2. p. 399. Identification. Neck. Elem., No. 1319. ; Lam. Ill Synonyme. Coronilla sp. of Lin. and others. Derivation. From corona, a crown ; in reference to the disposition of the flowers in crowns, or umbels, at the tops of the peduncles. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate, short, 5-toothed, the two superior teeth ap- proximate, and joined together higher up than the rest. Claws of petals usually longer than the calyx. Carina acute. Stamens diadelphous. Legume nearly terete, slender, at length separating into oblong 1-seeded joints. Seeds ovate or cylindrical. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers in axillary peduncles, bearing at their tops umbels of pedicellate flowers, usually yellow. — Shrubs, deciduous or sub-evergreen; natives of the South of Europe or Asia. They are all highly ornamental, and most of them produce seeds in England, by which, or by cuttings, they are easily propagated in common soil. ai^ 1. C. E'merus L. The Scorpion- Senna Coronilla. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1046. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 309.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 274. Synonymes. E'merus major Mill. Icon. t. 132. f. 1., and E. minor, f. 2. ; C. pauciflftra Lajn. Fl. Fr. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 445. ; N. Du am., 4. t. 131. ; and omy fig. 408. ■nsr Hai Spec. Char., ^-c. Shrubby, gla- brous. Its leaves are attend- ed by minute stipules, and have 5 — 7 obovate leaflets. Its flowers are yellow, dis- posed 3 upon a peduncle. The claws of the petals are thrice as long as the calyx. The legume is rather cylindrical than compressed, and its 408 Coronilla E'meras. R 4 248 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. joints separate slowly and unobviously, but they do separate. (Dec, Prod.) A bushy glabrous shrub. Middle and Southern Europe, in thickets and hedges. Height 4 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. P"lowers yellow ; April to June. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Before the flowers are expanded, the corolla is partly red externally, mostly so towards the tips of the petals ; and the mingling pf the jellow flowers, with flower-buds more or less red, and the elegant foliage, produce a fine effect. It flourishes most in a sunny sheltered situation, and a dry soil. It bears chpping, and would form a beautiful garden hedge. j» 2. C. ju'ncea L. The rushy-brajiched Coronilla. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1047. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 309. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 274. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 820. ; Bot. Cab., t. 235. ; and our^g. 409. S]3ec, Char., Sfc. Shrubby, glabrous. Branches rush-like, round, bearing but few leaves ; the latter are attended by minute stipules, and have 3 — 7 leaflets, that are linear oblong, obtuse, and rather fleshy ; the lowest leaflets being rather distant from the base of the petiole. The flowers are yellow, 5 — 7 in an -umbel. The claws of the petals are scarcely longer than the calyx. The legume is rather compressed, and its joints separate obviously. {Dec. Prod.) An erect glaucous shrub. South of France. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1756. Flowers bright yellow; June and July. Legume brown; ripe in September, It deserves a place in collections, on account of the singularity of its rush- like slender branches, which, like those of .Spartium junceum, are partly desti- tute of leaves. 409. C.jiincea. Sect. IV. Ph.aseo^lExE. Genus XIX. i WISTA^R/yi Nutt. The Wistaria. Lin. Si/st. Diadelphia Decandna. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 11.5. ; Dec. Prod., "L p. 389. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. Synonymes. Glycine sp. L., Thyrsanthus Elliot, KraunhiV/ Rafin. Derivation. Named in honour "of Caspar Jl'istar, late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. {Do7i's Mill., ii. p. 348.^ Nuttall first characterised and named this genus, from the American species, which he denominated W. specibsa ; but which DeCandolle has changed to W. frutescens. In DeCandoUe's Prodromus, and some other works. Wistaria is erroneously spelled WistJ:na. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate, somewhat bilabiate, upper lip with two short teeth, lower one with 3 subulate teeth. Corolla papilionaceous. Verilhim bicallose. JVings conforming to the keel, which is 2-edged. Stamens diadel- phous. Nectariferous tube girding the stipe of the ovary. Legume standing on a short stipe, coriaceous, 2-valved, 1-ceiled, rather torulose at the seeds- (Doh'.s Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers bluish purple, in terminal and axillary racemes. — Shrubs, deciduous, twining; natives of North America and China; of vigorous gro^vth, forming, when in flower, some of the most splendid ornaments of British gardens. The species are quite hardy, will grow in any soil, and are generally pro- pagated by layers of the young shoots, which will root at everj' joint if laid down during summer as they grow. They may also be propag-ated by cuttings of the roots ; or by seeds. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEJE : GLEDi'tSCH/^. 249 _i 1. \V. frute'scens Dec. The shrubby Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390.; Don's Mill., 2.p.3-)8. Synonymes. Glycine frutescens Lin. Sp. 1067. ; /I'pios frutescens P/t. Ft. Am. Sept. 2. p. 474. ; Anonymos frutescens WaU. Fl. Car. 186. ; Wistaria speciosa Nutt. Gen. Amei-. 2. p. 115.; Thyrsanthus frutescens £/liot Journ. Acad. Set. Pliilad. ; Phaseoldides Hort. Angl. 55. ; the Kidneybean Tree. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2103. ; and our Jig. 4J0. Spec. Char., i^c. Wings of the corolla each with two auricles. Ovary glabrous. Flow- ers odorous. (Dec, Prod.) An elegant deciduous climber. Virginia, Carolina, and the Illinois, in boggy places. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introd. 172+. Flowers bluish purple, sweet-scented, the standard having a greenish yellow spot at the base; July to September. Legume brown ; ripe in October. T . iM i. J i_ ^j_* r> .1 410. Wist&ria fhiWscens. It IS readily propagated by cuttings or the root and by layers, and forms a very ornamental climber, especially when trained against a wall. J, 2. W. chine'nsis Dec. The Chinese Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. Synonymes. Glycine chinensis Bot. Mag. t. 2083. : G. sinensis Bot. Reg. t. 650. ; Wistaria Con- sequ^Jia Loudon Gard. Mag. vol. ii. p. 422., and Hort. Brit. Engravings. .Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard., t. 211. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2083. ; Bot. Reg., t. 660.; Bot. Cab., t. 773. ; and our fig. 4W. Spec. Char., Sfc. Wings of the corolla each with one auricle. Ovary villose. Flowers large. (Dec. Prod.) A vigorous-growing deciduous twiner. China. Stem 50 ft. to 120 ft. In- troduced in 1816. Flowers pale bluish purple ; May and June, and sometimes producing a se- cond crop of flowers in August. Legume ?. The flowers are larger than those of W. fru- tescens : they are disposed in longer and looser racemes, and are somewhat paler in colour. On established plants they are produced in great abundance ; but they have not yet been succeeded by legumes in England. This plant may truly be considered the most magnificent of all our hardv deciduous climbers. It will grow wherever the common laburnum will flourish; but, as its flowers are somewhat more tender than those of that tree, they are more liable to be injured by frosts in very late springs. A plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, against a wall, extends its branches above 100 ft. on each side of the main stem ; one at Coughton Hall covers 903 superficial feet of walling. 411. "Wistaria chin6nsis Sect. V. Cassie^^, Genus XX. SLEDI'TSCH/yi L. The Gleditschia. Lin. Sj/sf. Polygamla Dice'cia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 1159. ; Lam. 111., p. 8.57.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. .^cicia sp. Flick. ; Ferier, Fr. ; Gleditschie, Ger. ; Gleditsia, Ital. 250 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Derivation. In honour of Gotllieb Gleditsch, of Leipsic, once a professor at Berlin, and defender of Linnseus against Siegesbeck ; author of Methodus Fungorum (1753), SyUema Flantarum a Stami- num situ (17C4), and many other smaller works. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual from abortion, or hermaphrodite. Calyx of 3 — 4 — 5 equal sepals, which are connected together at the base into a cu- pule. Petals equal in number to the sepals, rising from the tube of the calyx. Stamens equal in number to the sepals. Style short. Stigma pu- bescent above. Legume continuous, furnished with more or less pulp. Seeds compressed. (^Doyi's Alill.) Leaves compound, abruptly pinnate, and bipinnate, on the same tree ; or, rarely, by the coalition of the leaflets, almost simple, alternate, stipulate, aeciduous. Flowers greenish, in spikes. — Trees, deciduous, of the 1st, 2d, and 3d ranks ; natives of North America or China. Branchlets supra- axillary, and often converted into branched spines. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood purplish or brownish green. The species are of easy culture in good free soil ; and, in Britain, generally propagated by imported seeds, or grafting. The species appear to be in a state of great confusion in British gardens ; and, judging from the trees in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, we should conjecture that there are, probably, not more than two species, the American and the Chinese. The Chinese species is distinguished by its trunk being more spiny than its branches. t 1. G. tkiaca'nthos Lin. The three-thorned Gleditschia, or Honey Loatsf. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1509. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. G. triacinthos var. a polysperma Mart. Mill. ; G. meliloba JValt. ; G. spinftsa Da Ham. ; Jcacia triac4nthos Hort. ; Ackaa. americana l^luk. ; Fcvier d'Ameriqiie, Fr. ; Fava ame- ricana, Iial. ; Thorny Acacia, Sweet Locust, United States ; Carouge a Miel, Canada. Engravings. Michx. fil. Arb., 2. p. 164. t. 10.; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 138. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and o\xt fig. 412. Sj)ec. Char., Sfc. Spines simple or trifid ; stout, at the very base compressed, in the upper part cylindrical, but tapered. Leaflets linear-oblong. Legumes flattish, rather crooked, many-seeded, and more than ten times as long as broad. (Dec. Prod.) A large tree. Carolina and Virginia. Height 50 It. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1700. Flowers greenish ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood purphsh brown. 'i G.t.2 inermis Dec, G. Ise'vis Hort. (Dec. Leg. Mem., 2. t. 22. fig. 109. ; Catesb. Carol., 1. t. 43.; Pluk. Aim., t. 123. fig. 3. ; and the plates of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.), has the stem and branches not spiny, or but very sparingly so. ^ t G. t. 'i hr achy carp a. G. brachycarpa Pursh, G. triacanthos var. /3 Michx. — Leaflets oblong obtuse. Spines thick, short, not rarely 3 together. Legumes oblong, short. The trunk and branches, when the tree is young, are covered with large prickles, which, though they are not ligneous, become hard, and remain on for several years, and offer a formidable defence. These prickles are not only produced by the young wood, but occasionally protrude themselves from the trunk, even when the tree is of considerable bulk and age. Li general, the trunk presents a twisted appearance, and the branches proceed from it rather horizontally than in an upright direction. The pinnated foliage is |)articularly elegant, and of an agreeable light shining green : it appears late in spring, the trees in the neighbourhood of London sometimes not being fully clotlied till the middle or end of June; and it begins to turn yellow, and drop ofl" early in autumn. Tlie flowers are inconspicuous^ the male flowers being in the form of catkin-like racemes of nearly the same colour as the leaves. Some trees in the grounds at Syon have ripened seeds, the pods containing which, being 1 ft. to 2 ft. in length, and remaining on the trees after the leaves iire off, have a singular appearance. These crooked pendulous pods are of a reddish XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : GLEDi'tSCH/^. 251 412. Glcditschia triacaiithos. brown colour ; they contain hard, smooth, brown seeds, enveloped in a pulny substance, which, for about a month after the maturity of the seeds, is very sweet, but after a few weeks becomes extremely sour. The rate of growth of this tree, for the first 15 or 20 years, is generally about the average of a foot a year ; but in favourable situations it will grow at double that rate. In the garden of the Hort. Soc, and in the arboretum of the Messrs. Lod- diges, plants 10 years planted were, in 1835, from 20 ft. to 25 ft. in height. The wood of this tree, when dry, weighs at the rate of 52 lb. the cubic foot : it is very hard, and splits with great facility, resembling in this and other re- spects the wood of the I'obinia ; but its grain is coarser, and its pores more open. In Britain, this, and all the kinds of the genus, can only be considered as ornamental trees ; but in that character they hold the first rank ; their de- licate acacia-like foliage, and the singularly varied, graceful, and picturesque forms assumed by the tree, more especially when young or middle-aged, to- gether with the singular feature afforded by its spines, will always recommend it in ornamental plantations. It requires a deep, rich, free soil, and a situation not exposed to high winds ; and it requires the South of England or France to ripen the seeds. The species is always propagated by seeds imjjorted from America, or from France or Italy. The plants are best transplanted to where they are finally to remain when quite young ; as they make bat few fibrous roots, and these take, for the most part, a descending direction. The variety G. t. inermis can only be insured by grafting on the species. In general, how- ever, abundance of plants without spines may be selected from beds of seed- lings of G. triacanthos. X 2. G. (t,) monospe'rsia Walt. The one-seeded Gleditsdm, or Water Locust. Identification. Walt. Car., 254. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. Ccaxoivamiis Lam. Diet. 2. p. 464. ; G. aqu&tica IfarsA. ; G.triacantha Gcert.Fruct. 2. p. 149. ETigravings. Mill. Icon., 5. ; and our Jig. 413. ; in which the male flower, the pod, and the seed, are of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^-c. Spines slender, not rarely trifid, few. Leaflets ovate-oblong, acute. Legumes flattish, roundish, 1-seeded. (Dec. Prod.) A tree of the largest size. Native of Carolina, Florida, and the Illinois, in moist woods. Height 60ft. to 80ft. Introduced in 1723. Flowers greenish; June and July. Legume not seen in t ngland. Closely resembles the honey locust, from which, in England, where neither of them ripens seeds, it is almost impossible to distinguish it. The bark, 252 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. though smooth when the tree is 3'oung, yet cracks and scales off when the tree grows old, as in G. triacan- thos. The leaves, Michaux says, differ from those of G. triacanthos, in being a little smaller in all their pro- portions. The branches are armed with thorns, which are also less nu- merous, and somewhat smaller than those of G. triacanthos. The tree is treated in all respects like G. tria- canthos ; of which it has, till lately, been considered only a variety. It is raised in the nurseries from im- ported seed ; but whether the plants really turn out perfectly distinct, with respect to the form of their fruit, is uncertain ; from their not having yet, as far as we know, fruited in Engl 413. Gleditschia (t.) monosp^rtna. and. 't 3. G. sine'nsis Lajn. The Chinese Gleditschia. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 465. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synomjmes. G. horrida IVilld. Sp. 4. p. 1098. ; Fe- vier de la Chine, Fi: Engravings. Dec. Legum. Mem., 1. t. 1. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. Spec. Char., ^-c. Spines stout, conical ; those on the branches simple or branched ; those on the stem grouped and branched. The leaflets ovate- elliptical, obtuse. Legumes compressed, long. The spines in this species are axillary, not distant from the axil. (Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. China. Height soft, to 50ft. Introduced in ITTi. Flowers greenish ; June and July. Legume not seen in England. Va7-ieties. t G. s. 2 mermis N. Du Ham., G. japonica Lodd. Cat., G. javanica Lam. (see the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our fg. 414.), differs from G. sinensis in being without spines, of much less vigorous growth, and in having the foliage of a much deeper green. It seems a very desirable variety for small gardens, ¥ G.s. S major Hort., G, horrida major Lodd. Cat., seems scarcely to differ from the species. t G. s. ^ nana Hort., G. h. nana in Hort. Soc. Gard. (see the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig 415.), is a tree of somewhat lower growth than the species, but scarcely, as it appears to us, worth keeping distinct. 'i G. s. 5 purpurea Hort., (t. h. purpurea Lodd. Cat. (see the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 416.), is a small tree of compact upright growth, very suitable for gardens of limited extent. Other Varieties of G. sinensis. — In Loddiges's arboretum there is a plant 414. Gleditschm 5. in^rmis. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE : GLEDI'tSCH/^. 253 Gieditachia s. nina marked G. chinensis (Potts), which was im- ported from China by the Hort. Soc. It is, at present, a low bush, and may,perhaps, prove something distinct. There were also, in 1835, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, some plants without names, appa- rently belonging to this species; but, as we have already observed, the genus is in great con- fusion, and nothing perfectly satisfactory can be stated respect- ing it. The spines, which are very strong and branchy, are more abundant on the trunk than on the branches, and are fre- quently found in bundles. 416. Gleditschia 8. purpurea. 2-54 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The leaves are bipinnate, and the leaflets are elliptic obtuse, notched on the edges, smooth, shining, and much larger than those of any other species. {JOesf. Arb., ii. p. 2+8.) The pods are rarely above 6 in. long. The tree stands the cold better than the honey locust, and has ripened its fruit in Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, and in the nursery of M. Cels. (^Dict. des Eaux et des Forets, vol. ii. p. 150.) ^ 4, G. (s.) macraca'ntha Desf. The long-spined Gleditschia. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 246. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synoiiymes. G. lerox Baudr. ; Fevler a grosses E'pines, Fr. Engraving. The plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. t. S'pec. Char., S(c. Prickles strong, branchy, numerous. Leaflets lanceolate, somewhat rigid, notched, dentated. Pods elongated. {Desf. Arb.) A middle-sized tree, with a prickly trunk. China ?. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Flowers greenish ; June and July The prickles are axillary and large. The leaves are twice winged; the leaflets large, coriaceous, dark green, and shining on the upper surface. The young shcjots are covered with extremely short hairs, and are of a purplish brown colour. On the whole, it bears a close resemblance to G. sinensis, of which it is, probably, only a variety. It is very hardy ; and Desfontaines says that it fruits freely in France. The fruit ripens in the autumn ; and the pods are long, pendulous, swelled, and rather cylindrical. They are filled with a sharp acrid pulp, somewhat resembling that of tamarinds, but the emanations from which, when inhaled, occasion sneezing. 2 5. G. (s.) FE^ROX Desf. The kvocions-pjicMed Gleditschia. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 247. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synojiym-es. G. orientalis Bosc: Fevier htrisse, Fr. Engraving. Oar fig. . in p. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles large, robust, much compressed, trifid. Leaflets lanceolate, notched. (Desf. Arb.) A middle-sized branching deciduous tree, the trunk of which is thickly beset M'ith strong branchy prickles, and which is supposed to grow from 30 ft. to 50 ft. in height ; but of which the native country, and year of introduction into Britain, are unknown. Judging from the plants in the Hort, Soc. Garden, and those in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, we should say it was only a variety of G. smensis ; though Desfontaines states the foliage and habit of growth to be somewhat different. It has not yet flowered in Europe. It 6. G. ca'spica Desf. The Caspian Gleditschia. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 247.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428.- Sk Synonyme. G. caspiina Bosc. f TO Engraving Our fig. 417. ^^^^^.J^* (.^jec. Char., Sj-c. Prickles slender, trifid, compressed, ^l^f^i^ Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. {Desf. Arb.) A ^::i^c:^ middle-sized tree Persia, and found also near the Cas- *^^ plan Sea. Height 30 ft, to 40 ft. Introduced in 1822. *^ Nothing is known of its flowers and fruit ; but it strongly resembles G. sinensis (of which it is, probably, only a variety) in its leaves, general appearance, and habit. Variety. "^- «-'^p'«=^ i G. c. 2 subvireicem Hort,, Fevier verdatre, Fr., is mentioned in tlie Bon Jardimcr for 1836, as a variety of this species. Other Sorts ofGIcdtlschm. — Every modification of the species of this genus is so interesting, both in point of the elegance of its foliage, and the singularity of its prickles, that new varieties have been eagerly sought after by cultivators ; and the genus seems particularly favourable to this desire, from "the tendency of seedling plants to sport. Hence there are several names in collections, of j XXV. LEGUMINA CEA GYMNO'cLADUS. 255 which it is difficult to say any thing satisfactory in the present young and im- mature state of the plants. In the Hort. Soc. Garden, there were in 1837 G. micracuntha, G. Eoqui, and G. prte^cox ; and in Messrs. Loddiges's arbo- retum were plants marked G. aqudtica, which are evidently the same as G. monosperma, G. orientdlis, evidently G. ferox, G. chinensis (already mentioned) ; and some 30ung plants without names. Genus XXI. vV! GYMNO'CLADUS Lam. The Gymnocladus. Lm. Syst. Dioe'cia Decandria. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 733. ; 111., t. 823. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. Derivation. From gumnos, naked, and ktados, a branch ; from the naked appearance of the branches during winter, when they seem, unless perhaps at the points of the shoots, totally devoid of buds. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Petals 5, equal, oblong, exserted from the tube. Stamens 10, enclosed. Legume oblong, thick, filled with pulp inside. (Do7i^s Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; bipinnate. Flowers in terminal racemes, white. — A tree, deciduous, with upright branches and inconspicuous buds ; native of North America. ¥ 1. G. canade'nsis La77i. The Canada Gymnocladus, or Kentnchy Coffee Tree. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 733., and 111., t. 823.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 241. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 480. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 429. Synonymes. Guilandina dioica Lin. Sp. 646. ; Hyperanthera dioica T'ahl Symb. 1. p. 31., Duh. Arb. 1. t. 103. ; Nicker Tree, Stump Tree, United States; Bonduc, Chiquier, Fr.; Chicot, Ca- nadian ; Canadischer Schusserbaura, Ger. Engravings. Reich. Mag., t. 40. ; Duh. Arb., t. 103. ; our plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our fig. 418. Spec, Char., Sfc. Branches blunt at the tip, bipinnate leaves, flowers in ra- cemes, and whitish petals. The leaf has 4 — 7 pinnae ; the lower of which consist each of but a single leaflet, the rest each of 6 — 8 pairs of leaflets. {Dec Prod.) A singular tree. Canada. Height 30ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1748. Flowers white; May to July. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood of a mealy white, without any appearance of buds. The branches have almost always an upright direction ; and the appearance of the head, in the winter season, is remarkable, from being fastigiate, and from the points of the branches being few, and thick and blunt, as compared with those of almost every other tree. They are also wholly without the ap- pearance of buds ; and this latter circumstance, connected with the former, gives the tree, during winter, the appearance of being dead ; and hence the Canadian name of chicot, or stump tree. The leaves, on young thriving trees, are 3 ft. long, and 20 in. wide ; but, on trees nearly full grown, they are not half that size. The leaflets are of a dull bluish green, and the branches of the petioles are somewhat of a violet colour. It is very hardy, and flowers freely in the neighbourhood of London, but does not produce pods. The wood i.s hard, .compact, strong, tough, and of a fine rose colour. In America, It IS used both in cabinet-making and carpentry, and, like the wood of the robinia, it has the remarkable propertj' of rapidly converting its sap-wood into heart-wood; so that a trunk 6 in. in diameter has not more than six lines of sap-wood, and may, consequently, be almost entirely employed for useful pur- poses. ^ The seeds were, at one time, roasted and ground as a substitute for coffee in Kentucky and Tennessee; but their use in this way has been long since discontinued. The pods, preserved like those of the tamarind (to which 256 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 418. Gjnintjcladus canadensis. this genus is nearly allied), are said to be wholesome, and slight!}' aperient. In Britain, the only use of the tree is for ornamental purposes ; and, con- sidered as an object of curiosity and beauty, no collection ought to be without it. A rich, deep, free soil is essential to the thriving of tliis tree; and such a soil is never met with naturally in exposed situations. The tree is generally propagated by imported seeds ; but it will grow freely from cuttings of the roots, care being taken in planting to keep 'that end upvyards which is na- turally so. Genus XXII. CE'RCIS L. The Judas Tree. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 510.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 518. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synoni/mrs. Siliciuastrum Tourn. Inst. t. 414., Mcenc/t Meth. ; Gainier, Fr. ; Judasbaum, Gar. ; Albero de Giuda, Ital. Derivation. From kerkis, a shuttlecock, the name given by Theophrastus to this tree. Gen. Char. Calyx urceolate at the base and gibbous, bluntly 5-toothed at the apex. Petals 5, unguiculate, all distinct, disposed in a papilionaceous manner ; the wings or side petals the largest. Stamens 10, free, unequal. Ovan/ on a short stipe. Legume oblong, slender, compressed, 1-celled, many-seeded, somewhat winged on the seminiferous suture. Seeds obovate. (Don's Mill.) XXV. legumina'ce^ : ce'rcis. 257 Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; heart-shaped at the base, many-nerved, rising after the flowers have decayed. Flowers in 1-flowered l)edicels, rising from the trunk and branches in fascicles. — Trees, deciduous, of the third rank ; natives of Europe, or North America. Decaying leaves yellowish purple. Propagated by seeds or grafting. ¥ I. C. /SiLiauA'sTRUM L. The common Jiidas Tree Identification. IJn. Sp., 534. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .518. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synonpnes. Siliquastrum orbiculatum Mcrnch Met/i. ; Love Tree ; Galnier comraun, Arore de Judee, Fr. ; Arbol d'.'imor. Span. ; Jiidasbaum, Gcr. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 7. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1138. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our Jig. 419. Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves very obtuse, and wholly glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. South of Europe, in Greece, in Asiatic Turkey, and more es- pecially in Judea. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. liitrodnced in 1596. Flowers purplish pink ; May. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Kaked young wood purplish, with small white spots. Varieties. a^ C. S. 2 parvifldritm Dec. — A shrub ; its branches spotted with white, its flowers smaller by half than those of the species. A native of Bokhara. ¥ C. S. Sflore a/bido. — F]owers whitish. H. S. 'i' C. S. 4 rosea. — A seedling, raised from foreign seeds, which has flowered in the Botanic Garden at Kew ; has numerous flowers, which are brighter, and a shade darker, than those of the species ; and they also appear about a fortnight later ; but it is, perhaps, hardly worth noticing as a variety. 419. Cercis MUquastrum The common Judas tree, in the South of Europe, forms a handsome low free, with a flat spreading head, in the form of a parasol; and it is a singularly 258 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beautiful object in spring, especially when it is covered with its numerous bright purplish pink flowers, which appear before the leaves, and are produced not only from the young wood, but from wood of 6 or 8 years growth, and even from the trunk. The leaves are not liable to be attacked by insects. The flowers are succeeded by flat, thin, brown pods, nearly 6 in. in length, which remain on the tree all the year, and give it a very singular appearance in the winter season. The rate of growth is about 18 in. a year, for the first 10 years. Tiie wood is very hard, and agreeably veined, or rather blotclied or waved, with black, green, and yellow spots, on a grey groimtl. It takes a beautiful polish, and weighs nearly 48 lb. to the cubic foot. The flowers, which have an agreeable acid taste, are mixed with salads, or fried with batter, as fritters ; and the flower-buds are pickled in vinegar. In British gardens, the tree grows about the same height, and flowers about the same time, as the laburnum, the Guelder rose, and the hawthorn, and enters into beautiful combination with these and other trees. The foliage is hardly less beautiful and remarkable than the flowers ; the leaves being of a pale bluish green on the upper surface ; and of a sea-green underneath, and of a cordate reniform shape, apparently con- sisting of two leaflets joined together; which circumstance, combined with others, brings the genus in close alliance with that of Baiibinw. Like most of the Leguminacea;, this tree prefers a deep, free, sandy soil, rich rather than poor; and it will only thrive, and become a handsome tree, in sheltered situa- tions. In the northern parts of the island, it requires to be planted against a wall; and few ornamental trees better deserve such a situation. The species is propagated by seeds, and the varieties by grafting. The seeds are sown on heat early in spring, and come up the same season ; and the plants will produce flowers in three or four years. X 2. C. canade'nsis L. The Canada Judas Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 534. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .^18. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synonymes. Siliqu^strum corditum Moench Meth. ; red Bird Tree, Amer. ; Gainier de Canada, Bouton rouge, Fr. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 2. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 420. A%0. C^rcis canad^nsit XXVI. ROSA CEJE. 259 S))pc. Char., 4'c. Leaves acuminate, villose beneath at the axils of the veins. As compared with C. 5iliquastrum, its flowers are of a paler rose colour, the legume is on a longer pedicel, and tipped with a longer stvle. A low tree. Canada to Virginia. (Z)cc. Prorf.) Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 17.30. Flowers red ; May and June. ; Legume brown ; ripe in August. Varieft/. f C. c. pubescens Ph. — Leaves pubescent on the under surface. (Dec.) This tree bears a general resemblance to the preceding species ; but it is more slender and smaller in all its parts ; and it seldom rises higher than 20 feet. It is at once distinguished from C. ^*>iliquastrum by its leaves being heart-shaped and pointed ; they are also much thinner, more veined, and of a lighter green ; and the flowers are generally produced in smaller numbers than in the other species. The flowers are used by the French Canadians in salads and pickles, and the young branches to dye wool of a nankeen colour. The wood resembles that of the other species. Propagated by imported seeds, and considered more tender than C. 5iliquastrum. Order XXVI. i^OSA^CE^E. The term iJosaceae has been applied to this order, because all the species belonging to it agree more or less with the genus Rosa, in essential charac- 1 ters. It includes many genera belonging to the Linnaean class Icosandria. Ord. Char. Flowers regular. Calyx, in most cases, with 5 lobes, the odd one posterior to the axis of inflorescence. Petals and stamens arising from the calyx. Stamens, for the most part, numerous. Ovaries many, several, or solitary ; each of one cell that includes, in most cases, 1 ovule ; in some, 1 to many ovules. Sli/Ie lateral or terminal. Leaves simple, or pinnately divided, alternate, in nearly all stipulate. Flowers showy, with numerous stamens. Fruit, in many of the genera, edible. — Trees and shrubs, mostly deciduous; natives of Europe, Asia, and America. The ligneous species which constitute this order include the finest flower- ing shrub in the world, the rose; and the trees which produce the most useful and agreeable fruits of temperate climates, viz. the apple, the pear, the plum, the cherry, the apricot, the peach, and the nectarine. The plants are, for the most part, deciduous low trees or shrubs, all producing flowers more or less showy ; and the greater number fruits which are edible. They are chiefly natives of Europe and Asia ; but several of them are also found in North America, and some in South America, and the North of Africa. The fruit-bearing species, and the rose, have followed man from the earliest period of civilisation, and are, perliaps, better known to mankind in general than any other ligneous plants. The medical properties of several of the species are remarkable, from the circumstance of their yielding the prussic acid ; while 'Others produce a gum nearly allied to the gum Arabic, which indicates a degree of affinity between this order and Leguminaceac. The bark of some .species, as of Cerasus virginiana, is used, in North America, as a febrifuge ; '^and that of others, as the capollin cherry (Cerasus Capol/in), for tannmg, pn Mexico. The leaves *of Cratgegus Oxvacantha, Prunus spinosa, Cerasus pyhestris, and Rosa, rubininosa, have been used as a substitute for tea, or for ■idulterating tea. The leaves and bark of the spiraeas are said te be at once astringent and emetic. There are two characteristics of this order, with reference to its cultivation, which are of great importance to the gardener : ■tie first is, the liability of almost all the species to sport, and produce varieties differing, in many cases, more from one another, than they differ rem other species ; and the second is, that they are remarkably subject to s 2 260 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the attacks of insects and diseases. They ahiiost all require a free loamy soil, not overcharged with moisture, and rich rather than poor ; and, while all the species are increased by seeds, which, for the most part, are produced freely in Britain, or by cuttings of the roots, almost all the varieties are best increased by grafting or budding ; and not, as in some other orders, with equal ease by cuttings of the shoots, or by layers. With reference to landscape-gardening, all the rosaceous trees have three properties which deserve to be kept constantly in view by the improver of grounds : 1st, they never attain a large size ; 2d, they attain their natural size and shape in a very few years, in good soil not requiring more than from 10 to 20 years; and 3cl, they sooner take the character of old trees than the trees of any other natural order of ligneous plants. A few exceptions may be taken from different orders, such as the common field maple, the common laburnum, &c. ; but we know of no natural order, in which, like the -ffosaceae, all the trees are low or middle-sized, and all take the character of age while comparatively young. Hence their value in laying out small places, where the object is to make a new place appear old, or a small place appear large, and at the same time to combine character of form with beautiful blossoms in spring, and showy (Cratae'gus, Cotoneaster, and Ameldnchier) or useful (Pjfus and Priinus) fruit in autumn. The genera are included by DeCandolle and G. Don in five tribes; and the following are their names and distinctions : — Sect. I. AilYGDK'lu.ElE. JuSS. Sect. Char. Fruit a drupe ; the nut 2-ovuled, 1 — 2-seeded. Style terminal. Calyx deciduous. Leaves feather-nerved, undivided, serrate, with the lower serratures or the petioles glanded. Stipules not attached to the petiole. Kernel containing more or less of hydrocyanic acid : chiefly fruit trees. ^my'gdalus Tourn. Covering of nut not fleshy ; nut even, or perforated Young leaves folded flatwise. Flowers almost sessile, solitary or twin, protruded before the leaves. Pe'rsica Toiirn. Covering of nut very fleshy ; nut wrinkled. The charac- ters of the other parts described under Jmygdalus are the same in Persica. j Jrmeni'aca Tourn. Covering of nut fleshy ; nut furrowed at both edges, in j the other parts even. Young leaves with their edges rolled inwards, j Flowers almost sessile, solitary or a few together, protruded before the j leaves. Pru'nus Tourn. Covering of nut fleshy ; nut indistinctly furrowed at the j edges, in the other parts even. Young loaves with the edges rolled inwards, i Flowers upon pedicels, in groups resembling umbels, and produced before or after the leaves. Ce'rasus Juss. Nut subglobose, even, its covering fleshy. Young leaves folded flatwise. Flowers upon pedicels, either in groups resembling umbels, and produced before the leaves, or in racemes terminal to the shoots, pro- truded along with them. Sect. II. 5'pir^e^jE Dec. j Sect. Char. Fruit of 5, or fewer, capsular carpels, which are distinct from I the calyx (which is persistent in ^piras^a, and, perhaps, in the other I genera), and, in most cases, from each other: each contains 1 — 6 seeds. Style terminal. Low deciduous shrubs. Pu'rsh//! Dec. Stamens about 20. Carpels 1 — 2, ovate-oblong. i ¥^^'v.RiA Dec. Stamens about 20. Carpels 5 — 8, distinct. i 5piRiE^A L. Stamens 10 — 50. Carpels 1 to several, distinct ; stipitate ; eachi includes 2 — 6 seeds, affixed to the inner suture. i I Sect. III. Potenti'lle^ Juss. (Synon. Dryadeae Vent.) Sect, Char. Fruit an aggregation of carpels; their integuments dry on XXVI. BOSA^CE^ : ^my'gdalus. 261 succulent ; the carpels distinct from one another, and from the calyx, which is persistent, and surrounds them, and, in many, is subtended by as many bracteas as it has lobes ; the bracteas alternate with the lobes. Style proceeding from a little below the tip of the carpel. Leaves, in most cases, pinnaiely divided. Stipules attached to the petiole. Shrubs bearing fruit, or ornamental. liv^uvs L. Integuments of carpels juicy. Potenti'lla 2^\'stl. Integuments of carpels dry. Sect. IV. i?o'sE^ Dec. Sect. Char. Fruit a hip; that is, with the tube of the calyx fleshy, of a pitcher shape, contracted at the mouth ; and including an aggregation of carpels attached to its inner face. Style proceeding from the inner side I of the carpel. Shrubs eminently ornamental. I Ro^s\ Tourn. Leaf impari-pinnate. Stipules attached to the petiole. Prickles simple. LoVe^ Lindl. Leaf simple. Stipules none. Prickles usually compound. Sect. V. Po^mejE Lindl. Sect. Char. Fruit a pome ; that is, with the tube of the calyx become very fleshy, and including, and connate with, the carpels. Carpels normally 5, with gristly or bony walls, including I — 2 seeds ; in Cydonia, several. Habit spiny or not ; leaves, in most cases, undivided, in some pinnate. Stipules not connate with the petiole. Ornamental low trees, or large shrubs, with showy flowers, in some genera spiny, and in others bearing some of our best hardy kitchen and dessert fruits. C'ratje^gus Lindl. Carpels I — 5 prismatic nuts with bony shells, each in- cluding 1 seed. Leaves angled or toothed ; in most cases deciduous. Flowers in terminal corjmbs. Spiny shrubs or low trees. JPhoti'nia Lindl. Carpels 2. Petals reflexed. Evergreen. Flowers in ter- I minal panicles. Leaves simple, leathery, serrated or entire. In P. integri- j foha the ovaries are 3, and each includes 2 ovules. |Cotonea'ster Medik. Carpels 2 — 3 ; ovules 2 in each cell. Leaves simple, j entire, woolly beneath. Flowers in lateral spreading corymbs. liMELA'NCHiER Medik. Ovaries 5, each divided by a partition ; ovules 1 in I each cell. Ripe pome including 3 — 3 carpels. Petals lanceolate. Small 1 trees. Leaves simple, serrate, deciduous. Flowers in racemes. I/e'spilus Lindl. Carpels 2 — 5 compressed nuts with bony shells, each in- cluding 1 seed. Leaves lanceolate, serrulate, deciduous. Flowers large, subsessile, subsolitary. Vrus Lindl. Carpels 5, or 2 — 5. Seeds 2 in each carpel. Leaves simple or pinnate, deciduous. Flowers in spreading terminal cymes or corymbs. ^'do^nia Tourn. Carpels 3, each including many seeds. Sect. I. ^mygdaYe^e Juss. Genus I. L^d ^MY'GDALUS Tourn. The Almond Tree Lin. S^st. Icosandria Monogynia. l^erUificaiion. Tourn. Inst., t. 402. ; Dec. Prod., 5. p. 330. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. s 3 262 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synoni/mes, Amygdal6phora Neck. ; Amandier, Fr. ; Mandelbaum, Ger. ; Mandorlo, Ital. Derivation. From ainnsso, to lacerate, in reference to the fissured shell of the nut. Martinim sus- pects that it comes from a Hebrew word which signifies vigilant ; becauseits early flowers announce the return of spring. Gen. Char. Drupe clothed with velvety pubescence, having a dry rind, which sei);irates irregularly, containing a pitted or smooth putamen or nut. (Don's Mi/:.) Leaves simple, conduplicate when young, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers nearly sessile, usually pink or rose coloured, rising either singly or by pairs from the scaly buds, earlier than the leaves. — Shrubs or trees of the middle size, deciduous. Natives of the North of Africa, and the mountains of Asia ; also of Russia, and the Levant. The fruit-bearing species are cultivated in the Middle and South of Europe and the Levant, and are propagated chiefly by grafting ; and the others by grafting, layers, suckers, or cuttings of the root. The almond was included by Linnaeus in the same genus with the peach and nectarine, of both of which it is, doubtless, the parent, as trees have been found with almonds in a state of transition to peaches, and with both peaches and nectarines on the same branch. js L A. NA^NA L. The dwarf, or shrubby. Almond. Idenlificalion. Wn. Mant., 396. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 530. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. Synonymes. Priinus inermis Gmel. ; A. nana var. a. vulgclris Dec. ; Amandier nain, Fr. ; Zwerche- mandel, Ger. ; Peschino della China, Ifa/. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 161. ; N. Du Ham., 4. t. 30. ; and our Jigs. 422, 423. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-linear, tapered at the base, serrated, glabrous; Flowers solitary, rose-coloured. Calyx cylindrically bell-shaped. Fruit ofthe same shape as that of A. communis, but much smaller. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous low shrub. Calmuc Tartary, very frequent on the banks of the Volga, and about Odessa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers rose coloured ; March and April. Varieties. M A. n. 2 georgica Dec. A. georgica Desf. Arb. 2. p. 221., and Lodd. Cat. — It difl^ers from the species in having the lobes of the calyx lanceolate, and as long as its tube ; and the styles only tomentose at the base, being scarcely so there, and not protruded. A native of Georgia, which has been cultivated in the Geneva Botanic Garden. ^ A, n.3 campestris Ser. A. campestris Besser Enum. p. 46. No, HSS., Hort. PL Aust. 2. p. 2., and Lodd. Cot. ; A. Besseri««a Schott in Cat. Hort. Viiidoh. 1818, and Lodd. Cat. — Leaves broader. Lobes ofthe calyx as Jong as the tube. Petals narrower, longer, and white. Styles to- mentose at the base. The form of the nut, ac- cording to Besser, is various. Supposed to be a native of the South of Podolia. (Dec. Prod.) This variety is in the Hort. Soc. Garden, where it was raised from seeds received from Dr. Fischer of Petersburg. St A. w. 4 sibirica Lodd. Cat., and Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1599., and our fig. 421., is extant in some British botanical collections, where it is an upright shrub, about 6 ft. high, with wand-like shoots, clothed with fine, long, willow-like, glos.sy, serrate leaves ; on account of which, and its upright habit of growth, the latter being different from that of all the other species and varieties of almond, it is va- luable in every collection where variety of cha- racter is desired. H. S, ,„, , 421. A. n. sibnnca. All the different forms of the dwarf almond are low shrubs, seldom exceedin; 2 or 3 feet in height. The leaves bear a general resemblance to those of somi XXVI. flosA^cE^ : ^mi'gdalus. 263 424. A. nina. 423. A. nslna. of the species of willow, but are of a darker and more shining green, at least in the original species. The stems are not of long duration ; but the plant throws up abundance of travelling suck- ers, by which it is continued naturally, and also propagated. It is common through all the plains of Russia, from ^<»(i' 55° N. lat. to the south of the empire. "-^"^ In British gardens it is valuable on account of its early flowering, the grace- fulness of the slender twigs, on which its flowers are produced before the leaves appear, and of its easy culture in any dry soil. Its fruit resembles that of J. communis, but is much smaller, and I rarely seen in England. The plant, which is usually called the dwarf double- ' blossomed almond in British gardens, is Cerasus japonica fldre pleno, or, as it I is frequently named in the nurseries, Jmygdalus pumila. jk 2. A. inca'na Pa/L The hoary dwarf Almond. I Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 13.; Smith Fl. Grace, t. 497. ; Don's ! Miller, 2. p. 482. ; Lindl. in Hot. Reg., 18;;9, t. ^S. Synonymcs. A. nana vr.r. inc.na Guldcnst'dd., and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. I vol. li. p. ()74. ; A. toment6sula Lodd. Cat. I Eiigravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 7. ; Flor. Gra;c., t. 477. ; Bot. Reg., 1839, \ t. -58. ; and our Jig. 424. I Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate serrated, clothed with I white toraentum beneath. Flowers solitary. Drupe j compressed, pubescent. (Don's Mill.) A low decidu- ! ous shrub. Caucasus and the Levant, between Smyrna j and Bursa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1815. j Flowers red ; March and April. Readily known from A. nana by its leaves being covered with hoariness beneath. Increased by budding on the common plum. 3^ 3. A. commu'nis L. The common Almond Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 677. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 530. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 29. ; and the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; our fig. 42.5. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate. Flowers solitary. Calyx of a bell-shape. Fruit compressed, and rather egg shaped. (Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized deciduous tree. Mauritania, and in the mountain- ous parts of Asia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1538. Flowers white or rose-coloured ; March and April. Drupe brownish ; ripe in Oc- tober. In fine seasons the fruit ripens on standards as far north as Derby, and on walls at Edinburgh. Varietk's. J A. c. 1 amara Dec. The bitter Almond. Amandier amer, i^/-. ; gemeine Mandelbaum, Ger. — Flowers large. Petals pale pink, with a tinge of rose colour at the base. Styles nearly as long as the stamens, and tomentose in the lower part. Seeds bitter. There are two forms of the bitter almond ; one with a hard shell, and the other with a brittle one. The tree is cultivated in the South of France, in Austria, in Italy, in Ureece, &c.. for its fruit, which is preferred for some purposes in medicine and in domestic economy to that of the sweet almond, particularly for giving a flavour ; and for stocks for grafting the other varieties on, and the peach, apricot, and even the plum. Bitter almonds are generally mixed with sweet ones, in very small [)roportions, for making blancmange, lic. s 4 424. A. inckna. and 264 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 42.'j. v4nifgdalus comm\!lilis> f A. c. 2 didcis Dec, Lam. 111. t. 430. llie sweet Almond. Aiiiantlier a petits Fruits, Amande douce, Fr. ; susse Mandel, Ger. — Leaves grey-green. Flowers protruded earlier than the leaves. Styles much longer than the stamens. Fruit ovate-compressed, acuminate. Shell hard. Kernel sweet-flavoured. Cultivated in the same places as the preceding sort, and generally propagated by grafting standard high on the bitter almond, or any strong-growing seedling almonds, in order to make sure of the fruit being sweet. "Y A. c. '.i Jlore plena Baum. Cat. has double flowers. *i. A. c. 4 fvliis variegdtis Baum. Cat. has variegated leaves. Y A. c. 5frdgUh Ser., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 531. A. fragilis Hell 1. p. 500. ; Aniandier des Dames, iV. Da Ham! 4^. p. 113., Noisette Jard, Fruit. p. 7. ; Coque molle, Amandier a Coque tendre, 7^?-. ; Abellan, Pro- vence.— Flowers protruded at the same time as the leaves, ami of a pale rose colour. Petals broader, and deeply emarginate. Leaves shorter ; the petioles thick. Fruit acuminate ; shell soft ; kernel sweet-flavoured. Cultivated for its fruit. f A. c. 6 macrocarpa Ser., Dec. Proil. 2. p. 53 L Amandier a gros Fruits, N. Du Ham. 4. p. 112., Noisette Jard. Fruit, p. 7. ; Amandier Sultane, Amandier des Dames, Amandier Pistache, Fr. — Leaves broader, acuminate, scarcely grey. Peduncles short, turgid. Flowers of a very pale rose colour, large, protruded before the leaves. Petals broadly obcordate, waved. Fruit large, umbilicate at the base, acu- minate at the tip ; shell hard. There are two subvarieties, one with the fruit rather smaller, called, commonly, in France, Amandier Sul- tane; and another, with the fruit still smaller, called there Amandier Pistache; the kernels of both of which are considered remarkably delicate, and are preferred for tlie table. The flowers of this variety are always produced earlier than those of any other; and the kernels of the fruit are idways sweet. In British gardens, the A. c. macro- carpa has much the largest flowers of any of the varieties. It is a xxv^i. BosA^CEiE : pe'rsica. 265 vigorous large tree, of rapid growtli, somewhat more fastigiate than the species. t A. C.7 pe7-sicdides Ser., Dec. Prod, 2. p. 531 Amandier-Pecher, N. Du Ham. A: p. 114., Noisette Jard. Fruit, p 7. — Leaves similar to those of the peach tree. Fruit ovate, obtuse ; its husk slightly suc- culent ; the shell of a yellowish dark colom% and the kernel sweet- flavoured. Du Haiiiel has stated that its fruits vary upon the same branch, from ovate, obtuse, with the husk rather fleshy, to ovate, compressed, acuminate, and the husk dry. Cultivated in France and Italy for its fruit, but rarely found in British gardens. Other Varieties. The almond, considered as a fruit tree, has given rise to some other varieties, which will be found treated of at length in French works on gardening, in the Kouveau Du Hamel, and the Nouveau Coins d^Agricidture„ There are several varieties of the almond in cultivation on the Continent for their fruit ; and two or three in this country, partly for the same purpose, but chiefly for their flowers. The common almond, in a wild state, is found sometimes with the kernels bitter, and at other times with them sweet ; in the same manner as the Quercus hispanica, which, in Spain, though it gene- rally bears sweet and edible acorns, yet sometimes produces only such as are bitter. For this reason, in the case of the almond, instead of giving one form as the species, we have followed DeCandolle, and described both the bitter and the sweet almond separately, either of which may be considered as the species, and classed them with the varieties. A. orienta'lis Ait. The Eastern Almond Tree. Hort. Kew., ed. 1. 1. p. 162., ed. 2. 3. p. 195. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 530. , Don's 1)5. ngravings. Spec. Char., 8fc. Imperfectly evergreen. Identification. Ait Mill., 2. p. 482. Sjunonyme. A. argentea Lam. Diet. 1 Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cat., 1. 1137. Branches and leaves clothed with a silvery tomentum ; petiole of the leaf short, the disk lanceolate and entire. Flowers rose-coloured, and rather longer than those of A. nana. Calyx cylin drically bell-shaped. Fruit tipped with a point. {Dec, Prod.) A tall shrub or low tree. Le- vant. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. ; and, according to Bosc, 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1756". Flowers rose-coloured ; March and April. Very striking, from the hoary, or rather silvery, appearance of its leaves ; and it makes a hand- some plant when budded standard high on the common almond or the plum. It flowers much less freely than the common almond ; notwithstanding which, it well deserves a place in collections, on account of its fine silvery foliage. Genus II. 426. A. orientalis. m PE'RSICA Tourn. The Peach Tree. Lin. Syst^ Icosandria Monogynia Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 400. ; Mill. Diet. ; Dec. Fl. Fr., 487. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 483. St/nonynies. /Imjgdalus sp. of Lin. and Juss. ; Trichocarpus Keck. Elem. No. 718. ; Pecher, Fr. Pfirschenbaum. Ger. ; I'esco, Ital. - Derivation. So named from the peach coming originally from Persia. Gen. Char. Drupe fleshy, with a glabrous or velvety apicarp, and having the putamen wrinkled from irregular furrows. (Doll's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; conduplicate when young. 2(>6 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers almost sessile, solitary, or twin, rising from the scaly buds earlier than the leaves. — Tree, deciduous, beneath the middle size, and not of lon<' duration. Persia. The peach and the nectarine are by some botanists made distinct species; but tliere can be no doubt of their being only varieties of one kind, which kind is itself nothing more than an improved or fleshy almond ; the almond being to the peach and nectarine what the crab is to the apple, and the sloe to the plum. 1 \. P. vuLGA^Ris Mill. The common Peach Tree. IdenVfication. Mill. Diet , No. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .531. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 483. Synunymcs. ^myKdaliis Persica hin. Sp. 677. : Peche duveteuse, Fr. ; Pfirsche, Ger. Eiigrapirigs. N. Du Ham., 1. 2 — 8. ; Nois. Jard. Fruit. Icon. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 427. 427. Persica vulgaris. Spec. Char., Src Fruit clothed with velvety tomentum. A deciduous tree Persia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1562, or probably long before. Flowers rose-coioured ; March and April. Fruit red and yellow j ripe in September. Varieties. ¥ P. V. 1, t/ie freestone common Peach, P'eche, Fr., has the flesh of the fruit parting from the shell of the nut (the stone). *t P. V. 2, the clingstone common Peach, Pavie, Fr,, has the flesh of the fruit adiiering to the shell of the nut. ^ P. V. 2, fiore plena Hort. — Flowers double. afe P. r. 4 alba Lindl. — Flowers white. A hardy ornamental shrub, with the habit of an almond. Its fruit has little merit. "¥ P. w. 5 foliis variegatis Hort. — Leaves variegated. i;:j;^ /[ ,| • P. V. () compressa Hort., the flat Peach i^ //v ~ of China (Hort. Trans, iv. t. 19. ; and ourj^i,'. 428.), is chiefly remarkable for the form of its fruit, and for being neai'ly evergreen in its leaves. In the Hort. Soc. Garden, against a wall, it keeps growing throughout the winter, when the weather is not too severe. 4jg. p. ^. eon.pri^sa. XXVI. ieosA^EiE : ^rmeni'aca. 267 t 2. P. (v.) L^Vis Dec. The smooth-skinned Peach, or Nectarine Tree. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 4S7. ; Don's Miller, 2. p. 493. Synonyynes. ^mygdalus Persica Lam. Diet. ; A. i'ersica Nectarina Ait. Hort. Kew. ; Peche lisst;, Brugnon, Fr. ; Ppsco noce, l/al. Engravings. Nois. Jard. Fruit., t. 20. f. 2, 3. t. 21. f. 3, 4. Spec. Char., i.fc. Fruit smooth. A deciduous tree. Persia. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Cultivated in 1562, or probably long before. Flowers rose- coloured ; March and April. Fruit red and yellow; ripe in September. Varieties. 'i P. (v) /. 1, the freestone Xectarine (with the fruit parting from the nut). Peche lisse, Fr. — The Elruge is the best variety. 2 P. {v.) I. 2, the clingstone Xectarine (with the flesh adhering to the nut). Brugnon, Fr. — The Orange is the best variety. The different varieties of peach and nectarine, when treated as standard trees in the open garden, assume the general form and character of the almond : but, as they are more delicate, in consequence of being farther re- moved from their aboriginal state, they are of slower growth, form trees of less size, and are of shorter duration. The nectarine, as a .standard in the open fiarden, forms a smaller and more delicate tree than the peach ; and the double- flowered peach is of less vigorous growth than most of the single-flowered varieties, but very ornamental. Genus III. i .fllRMENPACA Town. The Apricot. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 399. ; Juss. Gen., 341. ; Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 485., Prod. 2. p. 531. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 495. Synonymes. Prinus sp. of Lin. and others ; Abricotier, Fr. ; Aprikosenbaum, Ger. ; Albicocco, Ital. Derivation. The genus is named v^rmeniaca, from the apricot being originally from Armenia. The popular English- name was originally praecocia, from the Arabic, berkoche ; whence the Tuscan bacoche, or aluicocco ; and the English, abricot, or apricock, eventually corrupted into apricot. Some persons derive the name from prtecoT, from this fruit ripening sooner than most others. Gen. Char. Drupe ovate globose, fleshy, covered witii a velvety skin, con- taining a nut or stone, which is acute at one end, and blunt at the other, with a furrow on both sides ; the rest smooth, not wrinkled. (Don^s Mill.) Leaves Simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; when young, convolute. Flowers almost sessile, solitary, or few together, rising before the leaves from scaly buds. — Trees, low, deciduous, or shrubsj natives of Europe and Asia. The common apricot is a fruit tree in general cultivation throughout the temperate regions of the globe, distinguished at first sight from the almond, peach, and nectarine, by its heart-shaped, smooth, shining leaves, and white flowers. There are several wild varieties, bearing flowers of different shades of pink, chiefly cultivated as ornamental. The great beauty of both the wild and the cultivated sorts of apricot is, that they come into bloom in Britain before almost every other tree; the Siberian apricot flowering a fortnight, or more, before the common sloe or almond. ^ 1. J. vuLGA^Ris Lam. The common Apricot Tree. Identification. Lam. Diet., \. p. 2. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 495. ■ Synonyme. Prunus /(rmeniaca Lin. Sp. (379. ; Albicocco americano, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 49. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our^. 431. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers sessile. Leaves heart-shaped or ovate. {Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. Armenia, Caucasus, tlie Himalayas, China, &c. Height 20ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 15+8. Flowers pinkish white; February and March. Drupe orange and red ; ripe in August and Sept. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. Naked young wood smooth, purplish. 268 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varieties. 5^ A. w. 1 ovalifdlia Ser. Abricot Angoumois, A. precoce, A. blanc, Fr (N. Du Ham.,o. t. 50. f. 6.; and our^g. 429.) — Leaves oval ; fruit small. i A. V. 2 cordijvlia Ser. (N. Du Ham., 5. p. 167, t. 49 ; and our Jig. 430.) — Leaves heart-shaped, broad. Fruit larger. 5' A. w. 3 foliis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. Flow- ers double. The Breda va- riety is generally that which has variegated leaves in British gardens, i A. V. ^! fibre pleno Hort. — Grossier says that the Chinese have a great many varieties of double-blossomed apricots, which they plant on little mounts. Very few trees attain the appearance of maturity so soon as the apricot; a standard 10 or 12 years planted, in good loamy rich soil, will grow to the height of 20 ft., with a head 25 ft. in diameter, presenting all the appearance 450. A. V cordifolia 429. A. V. ovalifuiia. 431. ^ttiisni.-'.a vulgaris. of a tree of 20 or 30 years' growth, or of a tree arrived at maturity. The best variety for producing fruit, as a standard, is the Breda apricot. It is also a very handsome-growing plant, and its blossom buds, before they are expanded, are of a most beautiful and brilliant scarlet. 1f 2. A. dasyca'rpa Pcrs. The rough-fruited Apricot Tree. Identification. Pers. Sjii., 2. p. 30. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 497. Synonymes. A. atropurpilrea Lois, in N. Du Ham. 5. p. 172.; Prdnus dasycarpa £/irA. Beitr.6. p. 90. ; P. .(Irmeiiiaca nigra Dctf. Cat. ed. 2. p. 206. ; the black Apricot. Engravings. N. Du Ham., ■■). t. 51. f. 1. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1250. ; and our figs. 432, 433. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, doubly serrate. Petioles glanded. Flowers upon thread-shaped pedicels. In the flowers of a plant in the Geneva Botanic Garden, the calyx was purple, and 6-lobed; the petals were 6 ; and the stamens 24. (Dec. Prod.) A tree with a twisted trunk, resembling the common apricot, but smaller. Levant ?. Height JO ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers white; April. Drupe purple or black ; ripe in August and September. XXVI ROSA^'CV.M : ^RMENl^ACA. 269 432. A. dasycarpa. 433. A tlasycarpa. 434 .-l.d. persicifoli* Vaneti/, i A. d. 2 persicifo/ia Lois. A. joersicifolia Boti's Mill., ii. p. 498. Abricot noir a Feuilles de Pecher, Fr. (N. Du Ham., 5. p. 172. t. 52. f. 1. ; and ouv Jig. 434.) — Leaves ovate and short, or lanceolate, with small lobes. Flesh of the fruit red, variegated with pale yellow. In the Nouveau Du Hamel, it is stated to be a very slight variety, which can only be continued by budding. The rough-fruited apricot merits cultivation for its flowers, which are gene- rally white, but which, in this country, from the earliness of their appearance, are not often succeeded by fruit, unless the tree is planted against a wall, where it can be protected by netting from the spring frosts. 435. ^rtneniaca (v.) siMrica. t 3. A. (v.) sibi'rica Pers. The Siberian Apricot Tree. S^^Jl^i'°"i, T"'^- ?JP:' ^■J'- ^^- ; ^'"'- ^''°^-' 2- P- ■'^32. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. mumyme. Prtinus sibirica tin. Sp. 179. i- . > r /!.«ra!7ngi. Aniniann Stiip. Ruth., 272. t. 29.; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 8.; and our plate in Arb «nt., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our^, 435. 270 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM ERITANNICUM Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate acuminate, of the form of those of the beech. The petioles long and filandless. Fruit small. A native of mountainous districts in tlie most remote parts of Siberia. Persoon has stated that it varies with leaves linear-lanceolate. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree, having the general appearance of the common apricot, but smaller in all its parts. Dahuria, on mountains, growing upon the face of perpendicular rocks ex- posed to the sun. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. ; in England 8 ft. to 2U ft. Intro- duced in 1788. Flowers rose-coloured ; May. Drupe?. This tree, on the mountains of Dahuria, does not attain a greater height than that of a man ; but it has a trunk the thickness of the wrist, a rough and black bark, and hard wood. It Hovvers about the same time as tiie /Rhodo- dendron dauricum ; growing on the south sides of the mountains, while the latter grows on the north sides. When both these plants are in tiower, Pallas observes, the north sides of the mountains appear of a purple colour, and the south of a rose colour. {Fi Boss., i. p. 13.) In British gardens, the Siberian apricot forms a tree of nearly the same height as the common apricot, of which it appears to us to be the wild form. 3? 4. A. (v.) BRiGANTi^ACA Pers. The Brianfon Apricot Tree. Identification. Pers. Syn., % p. 3G. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Synonyme. PrClnus brigantiaca Vill. Dauph. 3. p. 535., Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 3789., T.ois. in 'Si. Du Ham. 5. p. 185. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. -59. ; and our^^. 436. Spec. Char.,Sfc. Leaves nearly heart-shaped, toothed with numerous sharp subimbricate teeth. Flowers in groups, ah.nost sessile, scarcely protruded before the leaves. (Dec Prod.^ A low tree. Dau- phine, in only one locality, and in another in Piedmont, where an oil, called huile de marmotte, has for a long time been expressed from the "^ seeds. Height in British gardens 14 ft. to 15 ft. in 10 or 12 years; in its native habitats, 6ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white or pink ; March and April. Drupe ?. Seringe suggested that this kind may be the same as A. sibirica, and we think it not unlikely to be only another variety of tlie common apricot in its wild state, with toothed leaves. 43c. ^. (..)(,rigantiaca. Other Species of Armcniaca. — A. pedunculata Led. has been raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden, from seeds received undef this name from Dr. Ledebour. Genus IV. f « is \ ^^le PRU^NUS Tourn. The Plum. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 358. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill., 2. 408. Synotiymes. Prunophora Neck. Elem. No. 7i9. ; i'rilnus sp. of Lin. and others ; Pruno, Ital. Derivation. Said to be a word of Asiatic origin ; the wild plant, according to Galen, being called pruumnos in Asia. The Greek name for the plum is proune: it occurs in Theophrastus. Gen. Char. Drupe ovate or oblong, fleshy, quite glabrous, covered with a glaucous bloom ; containing a compressed nut or putamen. which is acute at both ends, and a little furrowed on the margin, the rest smooth. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; convolute when young. Flowers usually disposed in umbellate fascicles, sohtary on the pedicels, rising generally before the leaves. — Trees or shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. xx\i. rosjCceje: ^rmeni'aca, 271 Many of the species are spinj' in a wild state ; most of tliem bear edible fruits; and all of them have showy blossoms. In British gardens, they are chiefly propagated by grafting, but some of them by layers ; and they will grow in any soil that is tolerably free, and not overcharged with moisture, but a cal- careous soil is found best. Tiie epidermis of the bark of the plimi, as well as that of the cherry, and perhaps that of some of the other genera of ^Jm} gdaleae, is readily divisible transversely, and may frequently be .-een divided in this manner into rings on the tree. t ]. P. SPiNO^SA L. The spiny Plum Tree, or common Sloe Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 3. 681. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4!(8. , Synonyvies. P. sylvtstris Fuch. Hist. p. 404., Eay Syn. p. 462. ; Blackthorn ; Pninier epineux, Pniiifliier, E'pine noire, or Mere-du-Bois, Fr. ; Schleadorn, or Schlen Pliaum, Ger. ; Prugno, or Prunello, Ital. Engravings. Vahl Fl. Dan., t. 926. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 437. Derivt lion The name of Mere-du-Bois is applied to the sloe thorn in France, in the nei^'hhourliood of Montargis, because it has been remarked there, that, when it was established on the margins of woods, its underground shoots, and the suckers which sprang up from them, had a constant ten- dency to extend the wood over the adjoining fields. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches spiny. Leaves obovate, elliptical, or ovate ; downy beneath, doubly and sharply toothed. Flowers produced before tiie leaves or with them, white, and solitary. Calyx campanulate; with lobes blunt, and longer than the tube. Fruit globo.se; the flesh austere. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. Europe from Upsal to Naples, and the West of Asia and North of Africa. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers white; March and April. Drupe black ; ripe in October. Vaiieties. i P. s. 1 vulgaris Ser. P. spinosa Z/OW. (N. Du Ham., 5. p. 18.5. t. .5+. f. 1.) — Leaves obovate-elliptical. Fruit dark purple. This maybe considered as the normal form of the species. 5 P. s. 2 fo/iis variegdtis Ser. — Found wild ; but a plant of no beauty. 'E P. 5. 3 vucTocarpa Wallr. (Exs. Cent. 1. No. 45.) — Leaves elliptic, narrow, bluntish. Fruit smaller than that of the species. Y P. s. 4 viacrocdrpa Wallr. (Exs. Cent. 1. No. 45.) — Leaves obovate, bluntish. Fruit large, dark purple. This has been found wild in Germany ; but Seringe doubts whether it be not identical with P. domestica Juliana, or with P. insititia. ^ P. *. 5 ovdta Ser. (Blackw. Herb., t. 494.) — Leaves ovate, roundish. t P. s. Q flare plcno. — This is a very beautiful variety, said to be in cul- tivation, and highly prized, in China and Japan ; and also found wild some years ago at Tarascon. The flowers are white, and are pro- duced in such abundance as to entirely cover the branches. The sloe, or blackthorn, is much more frequently seen as a large spin}' shrub, than as a tree; but, when the suckers are removed from it, and all the strength of the plant is allowed to go into one stem, it forms a small scrubby tree of the most characteristic kind. The stems of the sloe diifer from those of the haw- thorn, in growing to the height of 3 or 4 feet before they branch off'. The bark is black, whence the name of blackthorn ; and the leaves are dark green. The roots are creeping, and, in every soil and situation, throw up numerous ' suckers : so much so, that a single plant, in a favourable soil, would cover an acre of ground in a very few years. In hedges, in Britain, it is seldom seen j above 20 ft. in height ; but in woods and in parks, as single trees, we have setn • it above 30 ft. high : for example, in Eastwell Park, in Kent. The wood is I hard, and in colour resembles that of the peach, though without its beauty ; it takes a fine polish ; but it is so apt to crack, that little use can be made of it, except for handles for tools, teeth for hay-rakes, swingles for flails, and walking-sticks. The wood weighs, when dry, nearly 52 lb. per cubic foot. The branches, from being less spreading than those of the common hawthorn, make better dead hedges than those of that species ; and, for the same reason, they are particularly well adapted for forming guards to the stems of trees ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 437. Priinus spin6sa. planted in grass fields or in parks, to protect them from cattle. They are in general use for this purpose in France. They are also used as a substitute for stones and tiles in draining ; and, formed into faggots, they are sold for heating bakers' ovens, and for burning lime or chalk in kilns, &c. The living plant cannot be recommended for hedges, on account of the rambling habit of its roots, and the numerous suckers they throw up ; and because it is apt to get naked below, from the tendency of the shoots to grow upright and without branches. These upright shoots make excellent walking-sticks, which, ac- cordingly, throughout Europe, are more frequently taken from this tree than from any other. Leaves of the sloe, dried, are considered to form tiie best substitute for Chinese tea which has yet been tried in Europe ; and they have been extensively used for the adulteration of that article. The juice of the ripe fruit is said to enter largely into the manufacture of the cheaper kinds of port wine ; and, when properly fermented, it makes a wine strongly resembling new port. In planting groups and masses in parks, by the addition of a few plants of the sloe, a degree of intricacy may be given sooner and more ef- fectively, than by the use of the common thorn ; but, at the same time, the sloe produces a degree of wildness from its numerous suckers, and the want ot control which they indicate, which is not displayed by any of the species of Cratte^gus, which do not throw up suckers. For producing wildness and in- tricacy, therefore, in park scenery, the sloe As of great value, and its effect is much heightened by the addition of the common furze or the broom. The sloe prefers a strong calcareous loam. It may be propagated freely by suckers, or by seeds : the latter should be gathered in October, when the fruit is dead ripe, mixed with sand, and turned over two or three times in the course of the winter ; and, being sown in February, they will come up in the month of May. "t- 2. P. insiti'tia L. The engrafted Plum Tree, or Bullace Plum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 680. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 49S. Synonymes. P. sylvestris prseVox altior Tourn. ; P. sylv^stris major Ray ; Prunier sauvage, Fr. ; Alfatous, in Dauphiny ; Kirschen Pflaunie, Ger. Engrav)7igs. Kng. Bot., t.84I.; Hayne Abbild., 1.0.5.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our fig. 438. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches becoming spiny. Flowers in pau's. Leaves ovate or lanceolate ; villose beneath, not flat. Fruit roundish. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. England, Germany, and the South of France, and also Barbary.' Height 10ft. to 20ft. Flowers white; March and April. Drupe black;) ripe in October. I Varieties. 5! P. i. 1 fructu nigra Hort. The biack-fruited, or common, Bullace. J t P. i. 2 fructu lideo-dlbo Hort. — Fruit yellowish-white. i XXVI. ROSA CEJE : PftU NUS. 273 ¥ P. i. SJructu rubra Hort. — Fruit red. t P. i. ^ fibre plena Descemet in Mem. de la Russie Meridionale, 1. p. 63. — Flowers double. The fruit, which is globular, and usually black, is sometimes yellowish or waxy, with a red tint, and sometimes red ; it is also so much less austere than the sloe, as to make excellent pies and puddings, and a very good preserve. 438. Pr&nus insidtia. The fruit of this plum in Provence is called prune sibarelle, because it is im- jiossible to whistle after having eaten it, from its sourness. The wood, the jiranches, the fruit, and the entire plant are used, throughout France, for the lame purposes as that of the sloe. ¥ 3. P. dome'stica L. The domestic cultivated Plum Tree. tificaUon. Lin. Sp., 680. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 499. onymes. P. satlva Fuchs and Ray ; Prunier domestique, Fr. ; ge- meine Pflaume, Ger. ; Susino domestico, Ital. ngravings. Wood. Med. Bot., t. 85. ; E. Bot., 1. 1783. ; and our fig, 439. pec. Char., Sfc. Branches spineless. Flowers mostly solitary. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, concave on the sur- face, not flat. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. South of Europe, on hills ; in England, found sometimes in hedges, but never truly wild. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe various ; ripe August to October. \irieties. 'i P. d. 2 fibre plena Hort. — Flowers large, double. t P. d, 3 fbliis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. ^ P. rf. 4 ar7iienioides Ser. — Leaves and fruit like those of Jrmeniaca brigantiaca. The cultivated plum resembles the common sloe, but is ,'er in all its parts, and without thorns. There are merous varieties and subvarieties ; but, as they belong ''■e to pomology than to arboriculture, we have here only noticed those It have some pretensions to distinctness in an ornamental point of view 439. Prftnus dom^stlca. 274 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The apricot-like plum seems intermediate between the wild plum and the wild apricot. The varieties cultivated for their fruit have, in general, much larger leaves, an4 stronger young shoots, than the other sorts; they flower later, their blossoms are larger, and their fruit, particularly such sorts as the magnum bonum and the diamond plum, several times as large; the latter being upwards of 2^ in. long. These fruit-bearing varieties are in universal culti- vation in temperate climates ; and for every thing of interest relating to them, as such, we refer to our Encijclo'pcedia of Gardening, edit. 1835, p. 920. The use of the fruit in domestic economy, in Britain, for the dessert, and for making tarts and puddings, is well known. In France, plums are used prin- cipally dried, as an article of commerce, and they are known under the name of brignoles, prunes, and French plums. The different modes of preserving plums in France will be found detailed at length in the 1st edit, of this work, and in our Suburban Horticulturht. ^ 4. P. (d.) myroba'lana L. The Myrobalan, or Cherry, Plum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 680. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 500. Synonymes. P. MyrobEllan Du Ham. ; P. myrobalana Lois. ; P. cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. 4. p. 17. ; Virginian Cherry ; Early Scarlet Plum ; Prunier myrobalan, or Cerisette, Fr. ; Kirschpflaume, Ger. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb. Fr. 2. p. 111. t. 2. fig. 15. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our^. 440. 440. Prxlnus (d.) myrobdlana. ; Spec. Char., ^c. Sepals narrow. Fruit globose, depressed at the base ; um- bilicus depressed; nut with a small point. {Dec. Prod.) A low true. Europe, or, according to some, North America. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Cul- tivated in gardens for an unknown period. Flowers white ; March amli April. Fruit cordate, red, rarely produced in England. Variety. | It P. (rf.) m. 2 foliis variegdtis N. Du Ham. has variegated leaves. ' Though we consider this nothing more than a variety of the common plum yet it is so distinct, both m the habit of the tree and the colour of the fruit that we think it more convenient to keep it apart. Its flowers are produced as early as those of the sloe ; and, the plant being more tender than thai species, it seldom produces fruit in England, except when the blossoms an! protected. It forms a good stock for varieties intended to be kept dwarf. Ii[ India the fruit is sold to dye black. XXVI. JiOSA CE^ : PRU NUS. 275 Identification. 441. P. ciindicans. M 5. p. ca'ndicans Balb. The white Plum Tree. Balb. Cat.Taur., 1813. p. 62. ; ? Willd. Enum. Suppl., p. 32. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .533. , Don's Mill., 2. p. 4ilS. Engravings. Bot. Reg. t. 1135.; and omjigs. 441, 442. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches pubescent. Flowers 2 or 3 together, upon short pubescent peduncles. Calyx bell- shaped. Leaves broadly ovate, whitish beneath. Stipules of the length of the petiole, very narrow, and cut in a toothed manner. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. ? Tauria. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introd, in 1825. Flowers white ; April. It is not known of what country it is a native. It is quite hardy, easily cultivated, and so laden with white blossoms in spring as to appear a mass of snow, whence the name. 442, P. candicans. 6. p. Cocomi'lla Tenore, The Cocomilla Plum Tree Cat.. 1819, p.46. ; Dec. {identification. Tenore Prod. Suppl., 2. p. 67. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Engraving. Oar Jig. 443. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers upon short peduncles, in pairs. Leaves obovate, crenulate, glabrous on both surfaces ; the crenatures glanded. Fruit ovate-oblong, with a small point, \ ellow, ? bitter or ? acid. {Dec. Prodi) A low shrub. Calabria, in hedges. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white ; April. Drupe 3 ellow ; ripe in August. The bark is febrifugal, and, in Calabria, is considered to 36 a specific for the cure of the pestilential fevers common n that country. s 7. P. mari'tlma Wangenheim. 443. p. CocnmiUa. The sea-slde-inhabiiing Plum Tree. Identification. Wangenh. Amer.. 103., according to Willd. Enum., p. 519. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., I. p, 332, ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 499. Synonyme. "iP. acuminata Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer. p. 284. Engravings. 0\xi fig. iH., from a living speci- men ; and fig. 445. from Pursh's specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. 444. Priinus maritima. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves lanceolate- ovate, serrate. Flowers in pairs. Fruit small, round, sweet, dark blue. 276 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. (Z)ec. Prod.) A niicldle-sized shrub. North America, in sandy soils, on the sea coast, from New Jersey to Carolina. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1818, Flowers white; April and May. Fruit, of the size of a pigeon's egg, dark purple, and, according to Pursh, very good to eat ; ripe ?. There are plants in British gardens, but they have never yet set fruit. J* 8. P. pube'scens Poir. The iiuhescent-leaved Plum Tree. Jdeniification. Poir. Suppl., 4. p. •')84., not of Pursh ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 499. Engraving. Ourj%.2084 in p. 1106. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves with short pubescent petioles, and disks that are slightlypubescent, ovate, thickish, rounded, or shortly acuminate and un- equally toothed. Flowers mostly solitary and nearly sessile. Fruit oval. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub. Native country unknown. Cultivated in 1818. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers white ; May. J* 9. P. DivARiCA^TA Led. The divav'icated-branched Plum Tree. Jdeniification. Ledeb. Ind. Hort. Dorp. Suppl. 1824, p 6. ; FL.Alt., t. 13. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 534. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 504. Engravings. Led. Flor. Alt., t. 13. ; and ourj?g. 446. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches spineless. Leaves with glandless petioles, and disks oblong-elliptical, ta- pered to both ends, concave above, serrate, gla- brous, with the midrib bearded beneath. Flowers solitary, very numerous. Calyx reflexed. Fruit eUiptical, yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized shrub. Caucasus. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced in 1820. Flowers white ; April. ^^^ P^nus divariau. Other Species of Vrunus Juss. — In consequence of many species of the genus Primus being removed to Cerasus ; and also because of the close re- semblance of one species to another in both genera, there is a good deal of confusion, which cannot be cleared up till the plants are studied in a living state. Prunus effusawas raised in 1838, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, from seeds presented by Baron Jacquin. j Genus V. CTl'RASUS Juss. The Cherry. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Identification. Juss. Gen., 340. ; Dec. Fl. Fr. 4. p,479.; Prod., 2. p. 535. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 504. Synonymes. Laurocerasus 7'oMjn. ; PrClnus sp. i,!«. ; Cerisier, Fr.; Kirsche, CjPJ-. ; Ciliegio, //fl/. Derivation. From Cerasus, the ancient name of a town of Pontus in Asia, whence the cultivatedj cherry was first brought to Rome, by LucuUus, a Roman General, G8 e.g. Gen. Char. Drupe globose, or umbilicate at the base, fleshy, quite glabrouS; destitute of bloom, containing a smooth, rather globose compressed stone. (Dons Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous, or evergreen ; when young, conduplicate. Floiuers white. Pedicels 1-flowered, rising before the leaves, ir; fascicled umbels, from scaly buds; but sometimes rising after the evolution oj the leaves, in racemes, from the tops of the branches. — Trees and shrubs, almosj all deciduous, with smooth serrated leaves, and white flowers ; and, generallyi with light-coloured bark. Natives of Europe, Asia, and North America, i Some of them are cultivated for their fruit, and the others as ornamenta; In British nurseries, the deciduous species are generally propagated by graf ing or budding on the Cerasus sylvestris, and the evergreens are propagate. XXVI. iZosA^CE.E : ce'rasus. 277 by cuttings or seeds ,- they will grow iu any common soil that is tolerably dry. There is much confusion in all the species, more particularly as regards those which are natives of North America ; and which, as Sir W. J. Hooker judiciously observes, can only be " removed by carefully studying the plants in a living state, both during the season of the blossom and that of the fruit." {Flor. Bor. Avier., i. p. 167.) § i. Cerasophora Dec. The Cherry-hearing Kinds. Sect. Char. Flowers produced from buds upon shoots not of the same year ; and, in many instances, disposed umbellately. Leaves deciduous. ! A. Species cultivated for their Fruit. \ The Cherries cultivated in Gardeyis, according to Linnaeus, and almost all 1 botanists to the time of DeCandolle, have been referred to Prunus avium L. and Prunus Cerasus L. ; the former being the merisier of the French, and corresponding with the small wild black bitter cherry of the English (the C. I sylvestris of Hay) ; and the latter the cerisier of the French, and correspond- I ing with the common red sour cherry of the English (the C. vulgaris of Mil- ; ler). To these two species DeCandolle has added two others : Cerasus Juliana, which he considers as including the guigniers ; and Cerasus duracina, ; under which he includes the bigarreaus, or hard cherries. Under each of I these four species, Seringe, in DeCandolle's Prodromus, has arranged a num- , ber of varieties, with definitions to each group : but, as neither the species ; nor the groups appear to us distinct, we have adopted the arrangement of the lauthorof the article on Cerasus in the Noiiveau DuHamel, as much more j simple and satisfactory; and have referred all the cultivated varieties to the isame species as Linnaeus ; substituting for Prunus avium L., Cerasus sylvestris, jthe synon. of Ray ; and for Prunus Cerasus L., Cerasus vulgaris, already used 'to designate the same species in Mill. Diet., and by Loiseleur in the Nouveau Du \Hamel. The arrangement of the varieties, and general culture of the cherry in |the kitchen-garden and orchard, will be found at length in our Encyclopcedia of ^.Gardening; and, in a more condensed form, in our Suburban Horticulturist. ] i 1. C. sylve'stris Bauh. and Ra^. The wild blackfruited Cherry Tree. ^Jdenlification. Bauh. Hist., 1. 1. 2. p. 220. ; Ray Hist. 1539. ; Pers. Syn.. 2. p. 3.5. ^^ynonymes and Garden Names. C. avium Mcench, N. Du Ham. 5. p. 10., Don's Mill. 2. p. 605. ; i C. nigra Mill. Diet. No. 2., not of Ait. ; Priinus avium Li7t. Sp. 680. ; P. a.vium var. x. and /3 i iVilld. Bavm. ed. 2. p. 308. ; Priinus a^num var. /3 and y Eng. Flor. 2. p. 355. ; P. nigricans and ' P. varia Ehr. Beitr. 7. p. 126, 127. ; Gean, Bigarreau, Corone, Coroon. Small Black, Black Hert- I fordshire, Black Heart, Blacli Mazzard, the Merry Tree of the Cheshire peasants, the Merries in j Suffolk; Merisier, Merise grosse noire, Guignier, Bigarreautier, Heaumier, Fr.; Siisse Kirsche, I Ger. ; Ciregiolo, Ital. derivation. This cherry is called Corone, or Coroon, in some parts of England, from corone, a crow, in reference to its blackness. Merry Tree and Merries are evidently corruptions of the word MiJrisier ; and Merisier is said to be derived from the words amere, bitter, and cerise, a cherry. Bigarreau is derived from bigarree party-coloured, because the cherries known by this name are generally of two colours, yellow and red ; and Heaumier is from the French word heaume, a helmet, from the shape of the fruit. ^ngravings. Du Ham. Tr. Arb., 1. p. 156. ; Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and onr fig. 447. 'pec. Char., S,-c. Branches vigorous and divaricate ; the buds from which the fruits are produced oblong-acute. Flowers in umbel-like groups, sessile, not numerous. Leaves oval-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, somewhat pen- dent, slightly pubescent on the under side, and furnished with two glands at the base. {Dec. Prod., X. Du Hamel.) A middle-sized tree. Europe, in woods and hedges. Height, in dry fertile soils, 40 ft. to 50 ft. or upwards. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe red or black ; ripe in July. De- caying leaves of a fine red, or rich yellow and red. irieties. 1. Merisiers or Merries, with black or yellow fruit. 2. Guigniers or Geans (C. Juliana Dec), with red or black fruit, early or late, and including the tobacco-leaved guignier, or gean, of four to the pound (the C. decumana of Delauny). T 3 •278 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 3. Heaumiers, the Helmet-shaped Cherries (C. Julian« var. heaumiana Dec), somewhat resembling the bigarreaii, but with less firm flesh. Variety of this race used for ornaniental purposes. t C. s. durdcina 2 flore plena Hort., the double flowered wild black Cherry ; Merisier a Fleurs doubles, or Merisier Renunculier, Fr. ; is a very beautiful variety, known, in the garden of the Hort. Soc, as the double French white. 4, Bigarreautiers, the Bigarreaus, or hard-fleshed Cherries (C. duracinn Dec.) with white, flesh-coloured, and black fruit, generally heart-shaped. 447. C^rasxis sylv^stris. : The colour of the fruit of the wild species is a very deep dark red, or | black ; the flesh is of the same colour, small in quantity, austere and bitter i before it comes to maturity, and insipid when the fruit is perfectly ripe. The nut is oval or ovate, like the fruit, firmly adhering to t'le flesh, and very large in proportion to the size of the fruit. The juice is mostly coloured ; and the j skin does not separate from the flesh. 'i 2. C. vuLGA^Ris Aim. The common Cherry Tree. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 5. p. 18. ^ j Syno7iymes and Garden Names. Cerasus avium Mcench ; Priinus Cerasus Lin. Sp. 679. ; C. hor- | tensis Pers. Syn. 2. p. 34. ; C. capronidna Dec. Prod. 2. p. 536., Don's Mill. 2. p. 507. ; P. . austera and P. acida Elir. Beitr. 7. p. 129. and 130.; P. Cerasus var. « E7ig. Flor. 2. p. 354.; Cherry, ' Kentish or Flemish Cherry, Morello, May Duke ; Cerise de Montmorency, Cerise de Paris, j Cerise k Fruits ronds, Cerisier du Nord, Cerisier, and Griottier in some provinces, Fr. ; Saure i Kirsche, Gcr. ; Marasca, or Ciliegio, Ital. \ Derivation. Caproiiidna is said to be derived from capron, the hautbois strawberry, probably from j this cherry possessing so much more flavour than C. sylvestris. Morello is either from morel {Morcktlla esculenta), the flesh being of the same consistency as the flesh of that fungus ; or, perhaps, from the French word morelle, a female negro. May Duke is a corruption of Midor, the province of France where the variety is supposed to have been originated. Griottier is said | to be derived from aigreur, sourness, or sharpness, and applied to this cherry from the acidity of its fruit. E7igravings. Eng. Bot., t. 706. ; Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi., as Cerasus avium ; and out Jig. 448. Spec. Char., cfc. Tree small, branches spreading." Flowers in .subsessile um- bels, not numerous. Leaves oval-lanceolate, toothed, glabrous. A decidu- ous tree. Europe and Britain, in gardens and plantations. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers white ; May. Drupe red ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves red and yellow. Varieties. — There are numerous cultivated varieties, which are classed by i Loiseleur in the Noiiveau Du Hamel in three f^roups, including in the fiist XXVI. iJosA^CE^ : ce'rasus. 279 448. C^rasus vulgaris. of these the four following varieties, which we particularise on account of their being purely ornamental : — t C. V. 2 fiore semipleno Hort. — Flowers semidouble. t C. T. 3 Jlore pleno Hort. — All the stamens of this variety are changed into petals ; and the pistillum into small green leaves, which occupy the centre of the flower. The flower is smaller and less beautiful than that of the double merisier; but, as the tree does not grow so high, and as it can be grown as a shrub, it is suitable for planting in situations where the other cannot be introduced. It is commonly grafted on the Priinus Mahdleb. ^f C. V. 4- persicrflora Hort. — The flowers are double, and rose-coloured. This variety was known to Bauhin and to Tournefort, but is at pre- sent rare in gardens. ^ C. V. 5 fdliis variegdtis Hort. has variegated leaves. The fruit-bearing varieties are arranged in the Nouveau Du Hamel, under the following heads ; — 1. Flesh whitish, and more or less acid; including the Montmorency cherry. 2. Flesh whitish, and only very slightly acid ; including the English duke cherries. 3. Flesh red, including the griottiers, or morellos. The foUoiuing selection has been made by Mr. Thompson, with a view of exemplifying the different forms which the varieties of the cultivated cherries assume, as standard trees : — The Bigarreau is a tree of vigorous growth, with large pale green leaves, and stout divergent branches. Bitttner's Yellow is a vigorous-growing tree, like the preceding, but with golden- coloured fruit. The Kentish Cherry is a round-headed tree, with slender shoots, some- what pendulous. The May Duke is a middle-sized or low tree with an erect fastigiate head. The Morello is a low tree, with a spreading head, somewhat pendulous ; most prolific in flowers and fruit ; the latter ripening very late, and, T 4 280 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. from not being so greedilj' eaten by the birds as most other sorts, hanging on the trees a long time. D'Ostheim is a dwarf weeping tree, a great bearer. ^ C V. Q Marascha, Priinus Mardscha Jacq., is the variety from the fruit of which the liqueur called Maraschino is made. Plants of it have been raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden in 1837. The flowers are smaller than those of C. sylvestris. The fruit is round, melting, full of a watery sap, more or less flavoured, and almost alwaj's sen- sibly acid. The skin of the fruit is commonly red, but, in the numerous va- rieties in cultivation, passing into all the shades between that colour and dark purple or black. The skin oi all the varieties of C. vulgaris separates easily from the flesh, and the flesh parts readily from the stone; while, in all the varieties of C. sylvestris, the skin is more or less adhering to the flesh, and the flesh to the stone. {N. DuHam., v. p. 18.) This species forms a tree of less magnitude than that of C. sylvestris : it is never found in a truly wild state in Europe, and the aboriginal form is unknown. Remarks referring to both Species. — The cherry trees in cultivation, whether in woods or gardens, may, in point of general appearance, be included in three forms : large trees with stout branches, and shoots proceeding from the main stem horizontally, or slightly inclining upwards, and when young and without their leaves, bearing a distant resemblance to gigantic candelabra, such as the geans, and many of the heart cherries ; fastigiate trees of a smaller size, such as the dukes; and small trees with weak wood, and branches divergent and drooping, such as the Kentish or Flemish cherries, and the morellos. The leaves vary so much in the cultivated varieties, that it is impossible to charac- terise the sorts by them ; but, in general, those of the large trees are largest, and the lightest in colour, and those of the slender-branched trees the smallest, and the darkest in colour ; the flowers are also largest on the large trees. The distinction of two species, or races, is of very little use, with reference to cherries as fruit-bearing plants ; but, as the wild sort, C. sylvestris, is very distinct, when found in its native habitats, from the cherry cultivated in gar- dens, it seems worth while to keep them apart, with a view to arboriculture and ornamental planting. For this reason, also, we have kept Cerasus sem- perflorens, C. Pseudo-Cerasus, C, serrulata, and C. Chamaecerasus apart, though we are convinced that they are nothing more than varieties. In consequence of its rapid growth, the red-fruited variety ought to be pre- ferred where the oiiject is timber, or where stocks are to be grown for fruit trees of large size. As a coppice-wood tree, the stools push freely and •apidly ; and, as a timber tree, it will attain its full size, in ordinary situations, in 30 years. Its rate of growth, in the first 10 years, will average, in ordinary circumstances, 18 in. a year. There are various trees in the neighbourhood of London upwards of 60 ft. high ; one on the Cotswold Hills, on the estate of the Earl of Harrowby, is 85 ft. high. The wood of the wild cherry (C. sylvestris) is firm, stroni;, close-grained, and of a reddish colour. It weighs, when green, 6 lib. 13 oz. per cubic foot; and when dry, 541b. 15oz. ; and it loses in the process of drying about a 16th part of its bulk. The wood is soft and easily worked, and it takes a fine polish. It is much sought after by cabinetmakers, turners, and musical instrument makers, more particularly in France, where mahogany is much less common than in Britain. The fruit of the cherry is a favourite with almost every body, and especially with children. The distillers of liqueurs make great use of ripe cherries : the spirit known as kirschewasser is distilled from them after fermentation ; and both a wine and a vinegar are made by bruising the fruit and the kernels, and allowing the mass to undergo the vinous fermentation. The ratafia of Grenoble is a celebrated liqueur, which is made from a large black gean ; from which, also, the best kirschewasser is made ; and the maraschino from a variety of the tree ibund in Dalmatia. The preparation of these will be found in our first edition. XXVI. ROSA^CEJE : ce'rasus. B. Species or Varieties cultivated as ornaviental or curious. 281 % 3. C. (v.) SEMPERFLO^RENS Dec. The ever-flowering Cherry Tree. Identification. Dec. FI. Fr., 4. p. 481., and Prod., 2. p. 537. ; Don's Mill., 2 p. 13. Synomjwes. PrOnus semperfldrens Ehrh. Beitr. 7. p. 132. ; P. seiotina Both Catal. 1. p. .58. ; the vfceping Cherry, the Allsaints Cherry ; Cerise de la Toussaint, Cerise de St. Martin, Cerise tardive, Fr. Engravings. N. Du Ham., p. 30. No. 18. t. 5. f A ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v, ; and GUI yi^. 449. 449. <%rasus (v.) semperfldrens. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches drooping. Leaves ovate, serrated, triided late in the season, axillary, solitary. Calyx serrated, and red. Its native country not known. (Dec. Prod.) A tree. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. A garden produc- s--t^..\ tion. Cultivated in '? 1700. Flowers white ; May. ^^-^'^^■<-_ Drupe red : July and August. An ornamental tree, usually grafted standard high >n the common wild cherry, or gean ; growing apidly for 8 or 10 years, and forming a round lead, 8 or 10 feet higli, and 10 or 12 feet in diameter, ivith the extremities of the branches drooping to ^he ground ; and flowering and fruiting almost the !!?hole summer. It forms a truly desirable small single ;ree for a lawn. 4. C. serrulaVa G. Don. The serrulated-Z^averf Cherry Tree. dentificalion. Hort. Brit., p. 480. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. \ynonymes. Priinus serrulfita Litidl. Hort. Trans. 7. p. 238. ; ( double Chinese Cherry ; Yung- To, Chinese. ingraving. Our Jig. 450. from a living specimen. Flowers pro- Fruits globos, low pendulous 450. Cftrasus scrruL^ta. 282 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2. p. 514. Trans. 6. p. 90. ; P. paniculita Ker Bot. Reg. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, acuminated, setaceously serrulated, quite glabrous. Petioles glandular. Flowers in fascicles. (Don's Mill.) A low erect tree, or rather tree-like shrub. China. Height in China 4 ft. to 6 ft. ; in British gardens 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers double white, tinged with red, though not so much so as the double French cherry. This tree resembles the common cherry tree, but is not of such vigorous growth ; and only the double-flowered variety of it has been yet introduced. A very ornamental plant. ^ 5. C. Pseu^do-Ce'rasus Lindl. The False-Cherry Tree. IdentificattBn. Hort. Brit.. No. 12663. ; Don's Mill Synanymes. Prilnus Pseildo-Cerasus Lindl. Hort 800., but not of Thunb. ; Yung- To, Chinese. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 100. ; and onr Jig. 451. Spec. Char., 8^c. Leaves obovate, acuminate, flat, serrated. Flowers racemose. Branches and peduncles pubescent. Fruit small, pale red, of a pleasant subacid flavour, with a small smooth stone. {Doit's Mill.) A low tree. China, Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit pale red ; ripe in June. This tree is readily known from the other cherry trees, even when without its leaves, by its rough gibbous joints, at which it readily strikes rootj and is, consequently, very easily propagated. It has been tried by Mr. Knight, as a fruit tree ; and he finds that it forces in pots better than any other variety. Desirable for small gardens, on account of its very early flowering. 451. C. Pseucio-Cirasu!. it 6. C. Cham^ce'rasus Lois. The Ground-Cherry Tree, or Siberian Cherry, Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 29. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 5.37. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. Synonymes. C. intermedia Lois, in N. Du Ham. 5. p.30. ; PrClnus intermedia Pair. Diet. 5. p. 674. ; P. fruticdsa Pall., according to Besser ; Cerasus pilmila C. Bauh., according to Pall. Ft. Ross. ; ChamcEcerasus (ruticbsa Pers. Syn. 2. p. 34. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. p. 29. t. 5. f. A ; Hayne Abbild., t. 61. ; and our^^. 452. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous, glossy, crenate, bluntish, rather coriaceous, scarcely glanded. Flowers in umbels, which are usually on peduncles, but short ones. Pedicels of the fruit longer than the leaves. Fruit round, j-eddish purple, very acid. {Dec. Prod ) A neat little shrub. Siberia and Germany. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1587, Flowers white ; May. Drupe reddish purple ; ripe in August. It forms a neat little narrow-leaved bush, which, when grafted standard high, becomes a small round- headed tree with drooping branches, at once curiotis and ornamental. It does not grow above a fourth part of the size of C. semperflorens ; and, like it, it flowers and fruits during great part of the summer. ^^^_ p. cham^c^rasus. sk 7. C. prostra'ta Ser. The prostrate Cherry Tree. Identification. Seringe in Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Sijnonymes. Prilnus prostrata Hort. Kew. ed. 2 3. 199., and Lab. PI. Syr Dec. 1. p. 15.; Priinus incana Stephen in Mim. Soc. Mosq. 3. p. 263. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1 . t. 7. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 106. ; and our^. 453. Spec. Char., 8fc. Decumbent. Leaves ovate, serrately cut, glandless, tomen- tose, and hoary beneath. Flowers mostly solitary, nearly sessile. Calyx tubular. Petals ovate, retuse, rose-coloured. Fruit ovate, red : flesh thin. XXVI. ROSA^CEM : Ce'rASUS. 283 >&f^ 463. Cerasus prostrata. (Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub. Native of the moun- tains of Candia, of Mount Lebanon, and of Siberia. Height A ft. to 1 ft. Intro- duced in 1802. Flowers rose-coloured ; April and May. Drupe red ; ripe July. A very desirable species for rafting standard high on the ommon cherry. The red co- 3ur of the flowers is very un- omnion in this genus. Y 8. C. i^RSiciFoYiA Lois. The Peach-tree-leaved Cherry Tree. \ient)fication. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 537. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. ynonyme. Primus persicifblia Besf. Arb. 2. p. 205. ngraving. Oaxfig. 000. in^i^. 000. 'pec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, unequally serrate, gla- brous, with two glands upon the petiole. Flowers numerous, upon slender peduncles, and disposed umbellately. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. ? America. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white; May. Drupe small, black ; ripe in July. A rapidly growing tree, attaining the height of the common wild cherry, ad bearing so close a resemblance to it in almost every respect, that it is robably only a variety of it. There are trees of this kind of cherry in the irdin des Plantes at Paris, of a pyramidal form, with a reddish brown smooth irk, flowers about the size of those of C. Mahaleb, and fruit about the size peas. The wood is said to be harder and redder than that of the common ild cherry. It was raised from seeds sent from America by Michaux. I' 9. C. borea'lis Michx. The l^iorih-Americaii Cherry Tree. enlification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 286. ; Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 32. No. 22. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. nonymes. PrOnus borealis Poir. Diet. 3. p. 674. ; the Northern Choke Cherry, Amer. igravings. Michx. Arb. Amer., 3. t. 8. ; and oxajig. 454. )ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous, denticulate and almost in an eroded manner : they resemble those of the common almond tree, but have the serratures inflexed, protuberant, and tipped with minute glandulous mucros. Flowers on longish pe- dicels, and disposed nearly in a corymbose manner. Fruit nearly ovate, small; its flesh red. (Dec. Prod.) A small tree. Northern parts of North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., with a trunk 6 in. to 8 in. in diam.eter. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white; May. Drupe red ; ripe in July. Of all the cherries of North America, Mi- aux observes, the C. borealis is the one that s the greatest analogy with the cultivated crry of Europe. Pursh describes it as a ry handsome small tree, the wood exquisitely I'd and fine-grained ; but the cherries, though jreeable to the taste, astringent in the mouth, jd hence called choke cherries. 454. cerasus boreaiis. I -i 10. C. pu^MiLA Michr. The dwarf Cherry Tree. ir^f.^'"'"'7> ^''''"'- f ^- ■?'"■; ^™«''-' 2- P- 28<5- ; Dec. Prod., 2. p, .537. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. Z^T^iCr I'^^T' S^""'^ ■^'"- Mant.i:i., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331.; Cerasus glattca I(EncA Jtfe^A. 672. ; Ragouminier.Nega, Meneldu Canada, Fr ^ » ' 284 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t.80. f. 2. ; and onrfig. 455. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches twiggy. Leaves obo- vate-oblong, upright, glabrous, indistinctly ser- rulated, glaucous beneath. Flowers upon peduncles, disposed rather umbellately. Calyx bell-shaped, short. Fruit ovate, black. {Dec. Prod.) A low somewhat procumbent shrub. North America, in Pennsylvania and Virginia, in low grounds and swamps. Height .3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white; May. Drupe black ; ripe in July. A curious and rather handsome tree, when grafted standard high ; and a fit companion for the other dwarf sorts, when so grafted. Sir W. J. Hooker suspects this to be the same as C. *"• ''^rasue pimiia. depressa. It has been compared, Sir W. J. Hooker observes, in its general habit, to Jmygdalus nana ; and such a comparison is equally appUcable to C. depressa. (^Fl. Bor. Avier., i. p. 167.) j£ 11. C. (p.) depre'ssa Ph. The depressed, or prostrate. Cherry Tree. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. P. Susquehanse C. (p.) Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 332.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. p. 168. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Synnnymes. C. p^mila Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 286., not PrOnus pilmila L Willd. Enum. 519., Bamnz. ed. 2. p. 286. ; Sand Cherry, Amer. Engraving. Oar Jig. 456. from living plant in Loddiges's arboretum. Spec. Char., Src Branches angled, depressed, prostrate. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, sparingly serrate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers in grouped sessile umbels, few in an umbel. Fruit ovate. (Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub. North America, from Canada to Virginia, on the sandy shores of rivers and lakes. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1803. Flowers white ; May. Drupe black, small, and agreeably tasted ; ripe in July. In America it is called the sand cherry, and said to be distin- guished at sight from all the other species, not less by its prostrate habit, than by its glaucous leaves, which bear some resemblance in shape to those of ^mygdalus nana; and, according to Sir W. J. Hooker, to those of C. pumila. sfe 12, C. pygm/e'a Lois. The pygmy Cherry Tree. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 32. and 21. ; Dec. Prod., 2 p. 538. ; Don's Mill Synonyme. Prdnus pygmas'a Willd. Sp. 2. p. 993., Pnrsh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331. Engraving. Owe fig. 457. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-elliptical, but tapered to the base, and rather acute at the tip, sharply serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, and with 2 glands at the base. Flowers of the size of those of P. spinosa, disposed in sessile umbels, a few in an umbel. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Western parts of Fen- sylvania and Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white; May. Drupe black, of the size of a large pea, a little succulent, and very indifferent to the taste; ripe in July. 457. at 1 13. C. ni'gra Lois. The black Cherry Tree. Identification. N. Du Ham., 5. p. 32. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .SSS. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. Synonymes. PrUnus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2d ed. 3. p. 193., Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331 americana Darlington in Amer. Lye. N. H. of Neiv York. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 11 17. ; and our Jigs. 458, 459. ^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaf with 2 glands upon the petiole, and the disk ovate- acuminate. Flowers in sessile umbels, few in an umbel. Calyx purple ; its lobes obtuse, and their margins glanded. (Dec. Prod.) A tall shrub or ,, 2. p. 513. C.pygnlE'a F.\ i XXVI. ROSA CBJE : CE RASUS. 285 C. nigra. 459. C. nigra. low tree. Canada and the Alle- ghany Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1773. Flowers white, with purple an- thers. Drupe red ; April, May. The fruit, which, as far as we know, has not been produced in England, is described by Sir W. J. Hooker as being as large as a mo- derate-sized cherry, and, apparently, red. In British gardens this forms a very handsome small tree, distinguished even in winter by the smoothness and dark colour of its young wood, and in this respect resembling more a plum than a cherry. j» 14. C. hyema'lis Michx. The winter Cherry Tree. Identification. N. Du Ham., 5. p. 194. ; Dec. Prod., 2. «.v91^-nii Ji» \j'h p. .538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 51 4. ^>.^«S& R > Vl Synonymes. P. hyemalis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. I. p. 284., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331., Elliot Carol. 1. p. 542. ; the black Choke Cherry, Amer. Engraving. Our fig. 460. from a specimen in the museum of the Jardin des Plantes. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-oval, or oval, abruptly acuminate. Flowers gla- j brous, disposed uinbellately. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate. Fruit nearly ovate, and blackish. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub. Western mountains of Virginia and Ca- rolina. Height .3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1605. Flowers white ; May. Drupe small, black, and extremely astringent, but eatable in winter ; ripe in October. ,,„ „^ ' ' 460. C. hjeiralisi. ^ 15. C. CHi'cASA Michx. The Chicasaw Cherry Tree. 'dentification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 284. ; Lois, in N, Du Ham., 5. p. 183. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Jynonynies. Prilnus chicasa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 332. ; P. j__msititia Walt. Carol. ; Chickasaw Plum, in Carolina, "ngraving. Our fig. 461. from a living specimen in Loddiges's arboretum. ^pcc. Char., ^c. Branches glabrous, becoming rather spiny. Leaves oblong-oval, acute, or acuminate. Flowers upon very short peduncles, and mostly in pairs. Calyx glabrous, its lobes very short. Fruit nearly globose, small, yellow, {Dec. Prod.) A shrub. CaroHna and Virginia. Height 6 ft. Introd.1806. Flowers white; AprilandMay. Drupe small, yellow, and agree- ably tasted ; ripe in July. Sir W. J. Hooker observes that a plant which he received under this name appeared to him identical with C. boreaUs ; the plants in the Lon- don gardens are very different, resembling much more closely the common sloe, as will appear by our figiure. J* 16. C. pube'scens Ser. The pubescent Cherry Tree. Identification. Seringa in Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Synonymes. PrClnus pubescens P/i Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331., and Lodd. Cat. ; P. sphserocarpa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 284., not o! Swartz. Engravings. Onr fig. 462. from a living specimen in Loddiges's arbo- retum ; atidfig. 463. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. MS2. c. p,i>, mon in France, especially in the mountainous districts ; very common near St. Lucie, whence the French name. IJeight 10 ft. to 20 ft. ; in British gardens 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1714. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe black ; ripe in July. Varieties. Besides one with variegated leaves, there are : — It C. M. 2 fructu fidvo Hort. — Fruit yellow. There is a plant of this variety in the garden of the Horticultural Society. X C. M. 3 latifblium *Hort. — Leaves broader than in the species. A handsome small tree, with a white bark, and numerous branches. The leaves somewhat resembling those of the common apricot, but of a paler green. The wood, the leaves, the flowers, and the fruit, are powerfully scented ; the flowers so much so as not to be supportable in a room. The wood is hard, brown, veined, and susceptible of a high polish. Its smell is less powerful, and more agreeable, when it is dry, than v/hen the sap is in it. In a dry state it weighs 59 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot. In France, it is much sought after by cabinetmakers, on account of its fragrance, hardness, and the fine polish which it receives. In Austria it is used for forming the twisted tubes of tobacco pipes. In France the mahaleb is used as a stock on which to graft the difilsrent kinds of fruit-bearing cherries : for which it has the advan- tages of growing on a very poor soil ; of coming into sap 15 days later than XXVI. iJosA^CE^ : ce'rasus. '^89 jie common wild cherry, by which means the grafting season is prolonged ; hd, lastly, of dwarfing the plants grafted on it. In British gardens, it is partly bed for this purpose, but principally as an ornamental shrub or low tree. As I the case of other dwarf species of a genus which will unite to a tall robust- owing species, the mahaleb, when grafted on the common wild cherry (C. ^Ivestris), grows to a larger tree than when on its own roots. The mahaleb lill grow in any poor soil that is dry, even in the most arid sands and naked jialks; and, as it forms a low bushy tree which is capable of resisting the |ind, it may be planted in an exposed situation. When young plants are to ' raised from seed, the fruit is sown as soon as ripe, or preserved among sand 1 the following spring, in the same manner as that of the cherry. Seedling jants generally grow 1 ft. in length the first year, and 1 ft. to 18 in. the second, le tree may also be propagated by layers ; by slips from the stool, taken off th a few roots attached ; and by suckers, or by cuttings from the roots. 'i 22. C. Pa'dus Dec. The Bird-Cherry Tree. ■ntification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 580. ; Prod., 2. p. ."isg. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. Sl.^i. wnymes. Prftnus P'.idus Lin. Sp. 677., Hook. Brit. Flora, p. 220., Smil.h Eng. Flora, 2. p. 3.=i4. ; Jird Cherry, Fowl Cherry ; Hag-berry, Scot. ; Cerasier k Grappes, Merisier a Grappes, I^aurier- 'utier, or Putiet, faux Bois de Ste. Lucie, Fr. ; Hag-bier, Swedish ; Traubeden Kirsche, Ger. ; lliegio ramoso, Ital. sravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 138.3. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol, v. ; and our g.474. \ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, some- jwhat acuminate, thin, serrulate, with the teeth tather spreading. Kacemes long, leafy. Fruit •round, bitter. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. Indi- ;E;enous in most parts of Central Europe, and as t\r north as Lapland, Height 12 ft to 40 ft. 'Flowers white : April and May. Drupe black ; *ipe in July. Decaying leaves greenish yellow, 3r reddish. Naked young wood purpUsh, with |White spots. ^rieties. S C. P. 1 vulgaris Ser, C. Padus Dec, JV. Du Ham. v, t, 1, — This kind has large flowers loosely disposed upon long pe- dicels, and black fruit. C. P. 2 parviflora Ser. (CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 205.)— This has smaller flowers, upon ""'■ "^'^ '^^"^ '""'' shorter pedicels, which are disposed more densely ; and black fruit. u '2\)'J ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. C. P. 3 rubra Ser.^ (Our Jig. 473.) — This has red fruit. It is the C. Padus fructu riibro of Dec. and of Loiseleur ; and, according to Ait. Hort. Kew., 2d ed. p. 299., it is the Prunus rubra of Willd. Arb 237. t. 4. f. 2. ^ i C. P. 4 bracteosa Ser. Padus racemosus Hort. — A very beautiful variety, distinguished by its long racemes of flowers, with their pe- dicels furnished with long bracteas at the points of the shoots, by which the latter are bent down, both when in blossom and when the fruit is ripe, so as to give the whole tree a pendulous appearance. A very handsome small tree or large bush. The leaves are finely serrated, smooth, and somewhat glaucous ; and their scent, when bruised, resembles that of rue. The flowers are of a pure white, in copious, long, terminal racemes, making an elegant appeai'ance in spring, but scarcely lasting a fort- 474. Cerasus Pidus. night. The fruit is small, black, austere, and bitter, with a large corrugated ' nut. " Birds of several kinds soon devour this fruit, which is nauseous, and probably dangerous to mankind ; though, perhaps, like that of the cherry laurel, not of so deadly a quality as the essential oil or distilled water of the ; leaves." {^Eng. Flora, ii. p. 354.) The tree grows rapidly when young, at- ' taining the height of 10 or 12 feet in 5 or 6 years ; and, as it has a loose, head, and bears pruning, it allows the grass to grow under it. The wood is , hard and yellowish, and, in a green state, it has a disagreeable bitter odour, and taste; whence the French name putiet, from ptier. It is much souglit after in France by the cabinetmakers and turners, who increase the beauty oti its veining by sawing out the boards diagonally, that is, obliquely across the trunk, instead of parallel with its length. The fruit, though nauseous to the taste when eaten fresh from the tree, gives an agreeable flavour to brandy;' • • • -rill' and IS sometimes added to home-made wines. In Sweden and Lapland, anui also in some parts of Russia, the bruised fruit is fermented, and a powerful spirit distilled from it. In Britain, the principal use of the Cerasus Padus is as an orna- mental tree ; and few make a finer appearance than it does, either when in flower, in April and May ; or in August, when covered with its pendent racemes ol. black fruit. It comes into flower a little before the ornamental crab treesi and about the same time as the iSorbus aucuparia and the .<4^ceryjlatanoideSi The bird clierry prefers a dry soil; but it will not thrive on such poor gronm^ as the perfumed cherry. It will grow in almost any situation ; but, to attaii a timber-like size, it requires the shelter either of a favourable locality, or o adjoining trees. The species is propagated by seeds, which should be treateq XXVI. BOSACE^: CE RASUS. •291 [n all respects like those of C Mahaleb. The red-fruited variety will ge- nerally come true from seed ; as, doubtless, will the early-flowering and late-flowering varieties, which may be observed in copse woods where this jree abounds. C. P. bracteosa Scr., which is a very remarkable variety, and i;>ne which deserves a place in every collection, both on account of its large lacemes of flowers and its fruit, will be continued with most certainty by grafting jir budding. The leaves are more infested and injured by the larvae of moths |,nd butterflies, than those of any other European tree or shrub. t 23. C. viRGiNiA^NA Mickx. The Virginian Bird-Cherry Tree. lientification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 285. ; Dec. Pro4, 2. p. 539. ; Don's Mill., 2. p 515. 'jjnonymcs. PrOiius rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. 1st ed. 2. p. 162., WMld. Abb. 238. t.5. f. I. ; P. argtita i Bigelow in Litt. ; Cerisierde Virginie, Fr. ; Virginische Kirsche, Ger. ; Wild Cherry Tree, Amer. •ngravings. Willd. Abb., 238. t. 5. f. 1. ; Michx. Fl. Arb. Araer., 2. t. 88. ; and our^^'. 475. 'pec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oblong, acuminate, doubly toothed, smooth ; the pe- tiole bearing about 4 glands. Racemes straight, petals round. Fruit red. Different from the Prirnus virginiana of Miller, which is C. (v.) serotina. {Dec. Prod.) A tree attaining a large size. Virginia, Carolina, and Canada. Height, in England, 30 ft. to 40 ft. ; in some parts of North America, 80 ft. to 100 ft. Introd. 1724. Flowers white ; May. Drupe red; ripe in July. Leaves remaining on late in the season, and dropping, green. Naked young wood slender, purplish, but not spotted with white like C. Piidus. Readily distinguished from Cerasus Padus by jie slender drooping character of its branches, he fruit is frequently ripened in the neighbour- pod of London, and plants in copse woods, hich have risen from selfsown seeds, are to be et with in different parts of Surrey. The cod of the Virginia bird cherry is of a light red It, which deepens with age. It is compact, le-grained, and takes a brilliant polish ; it is 30 not liable to warp when perfectly seasoned. : America, it is extensively used by cabinet- ikers for every species of furniture. In Eu- pe, C. virginiana is planted solely as an orna- mtal tree ; and, as such, it well deserves a ice in every collection. It should be planted every shrubbery or wood where it is desirable attract frugivorous singing birds. For soil, si- jition, propagation, culture, &c., see C. Padus. !i 24. C. (v.) sero'tina Lois. The \ate-Joivcri?7g, or American, Bird Cherry Tree. miftcatwn. Lois, in Du Ham., 5. p. 3.; Dec. Prod., 2. i-MO. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. >fon!/mes. PrClnus ser6tina Willd. Abb. 239. ; P. virginiina m. Diet. No. 2. '^ravings. Willd. Abb., 239. t. 5. f.'2. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., i48. ; and out Jigs. 476, 477. ^c.Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather :oriaceous, glossy, serrated ; the teeth imbri- :ate, very numerous, and the lowest ones indis- tinctly glanded. Midrib downy at its base. Flo- pi leaves narrowed at the base. Racemes loose, fruit black. {Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. i\ native of North America, in Canada and New- joundland. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 1629. '^ Flowers white ^May and June. Drupe black ; jipe in August. Leaves retained late, and jropping green. Naked young wood slender, 'urplish. u 2 475. C^rasus(».) !™?r*^ also extensively used as undergrowtli ^f^f^^<% in sandy soil. Laurel leaves have a ^-^ -^*^"^- bitter taste, and the peculiar flavour of prussic acid, which is common to bitter almonds, and to the kernels generally of the ^mygdalcEB. The flowers have a similar flavour; and the powdered leaves excite sneezing. The leaves, in consequence of their flavour, are used in a green state in custards, puddings, blancmange, and other culinary and confectionary articles, but always in very small quantities. Any soil tolerably dry will suit the common laurel ; but, to thrive, it requires a sheltered situation, and a deep free soil. It thrives better as an undergrowth than, perhaps, any other ligneous plant, with the excep- tion of the box and the holly. Lauroc^rasus. fi» ? 30. C. CAROLINIA^NA MicllX. Bird-Cherr\ Tree. The Carolina Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 285. ; Lois, in N. du Ham., 5. p. 5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 510. Si/novi/tries. PrClnus caroliniana Ait. Hort. Kcw., 2. p. 163. ; P. sempervlrens Jfi/lti. Enum.; Padus carolinikna Mill. Diet. No. G. ; Wild Orange, Amrr. Engravings. Michx. Arb. d'Amer., 3. t. 7. ; and om fig. 486. Spec. Char., cfc. Evergreen. Leaves, with the petiole short ; and the disk lanceolate-oblong, miicronate, even, ratlier coriaceous, mostly entire. Flowers densely disposed in axillary racemes, that are s!iorter than the leaves. Fruit nearly globose, inucronate. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub or low tree ; in England a tender shrub. North America, from Carolina to Florida, and the Bahama Islands. Height XXVI. iJosA^cEiE : fv'rsuij. 297 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white ; May. Drupe dark purple ; ripe ?. This tree Michaux considers as one of the most beautiful vegetable pro- ductions of the southern parts of the United States ; and it is generally se- lected bv the inhabitants to plant near their houses, not only on this account, but because it grows with rapidity, and affords an impenetrable shade. Pursh describes it as a handsome evergreen shrub, resembling C. kisitanica ; but he says nothing of the flowers, which, from the figure in Michaux, from which ours was copied, appear to be almost without petals. Seeds are frequently imported from America, and abundance of young plants reared ; but, as they are rather tender, and, north of London, would require the protection of a wall, they are very seldom seen in British gardens. The largest plant which we know of is in Hampshire, at Swallowfield, where, in 183.3, it formed a bush 10 ft. high, with a head about 12 ft. in diameter, flowering and fruiting occasionally. Culture as in C. virginiiina, but north of London it requires the protection of a wall. Sect. II. ^PIR^E^iE. Genus VI. PU'RSH/J Dec. The Purshia. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogjnia. Identification. Dec. in Trans, of Liun. Soc, 12. p. 157. ; Prod., 2. p. 541. ; Lindl. in Bet. Reg. t. 14-16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 517. Synonyme. Tigurea Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 333., not of Aiiblet. [Derivalion. Frederick Pursh first cliaracterised the only known species in his Flora America, Septentrionalis, and named it Tigiirea tridentata. The generic name, however, having been preoccupied by Aublet, De Candollo has named the present genus after Pursh himself. Gen. Char. Calyx 3-cleft ; lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens about 25, rising with the petals from the calyx. Carpels 1 — 2, ovate oblong, pubescent, tapering into the style at the apex, at length opening by a lon- gitudinal chink. Seed 1, inserted in the base of the carpel. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, grouped together, cuneate, 2 — 3-toothed at the apex, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous. Flowers yellow. — Shrub, of which there is only one species known. J* 1. P. TRIDENTATA Dec. The 3-toothed-leaved Purshia. hientijication. Dec. in Lin. Trans., 12. p. 1.57. ; Prod., 2. p. .541. iymmyme. Tigdrca tridentata Ph. Fl. Atrier. Sept., 1. p. 333. t. 1.")., not of Aublet. ^ngraDings. Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., t. 15. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1446. ; and our Jigs. 487, 488. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obcuneate, 3- dentate, crowded on the points of the shoots, hairy above, and tomentose beneath. Flowers terminal on short peduncles. {Ph. Fl. Amer.) A spreading shrub. North America, on pastures by the river Columbia. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1826, Flowers }ellow ; July. Carpels ?, Ahuost the only shrub to be seen thiough an immense tract of barren sandy oil, from the head source of the Missouri, to the Falls of the Columbia, 'lants in the London gardens were all killed in the winter of 1837-8. p. tridentita. 488. P. tridentata The 298 ARBOHETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANN ICt'M. Genus VII. KE'^RIA Dec. The Kerria. Li?i. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Identificalion. Dec. in Trans, of Lin. Soc, 12. p. 156. ; Prod., 2. p. 541. : Don's Mill., 2. f.L]7. Synnnymes. iJdbus L., C4rchorus Thunh., Spir^'a Camh. Derivation. Named in honour of W. Ker, a collector of plants for the Kew Gardens. Gen. Char, Calyx 5-cleft; lobes ovate, 3 of which are obtuse, and the other two callously niucronate at the apex ; imbricate in gestivation. Petals 5, orbicular. Stamens about 20, arising from the calyx with the petals, ex- serted. Carpels 5 — 8, globose, free, glabrous, each ending in a filiform style. Seed solitary. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, ovate, lanceolate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved, conduplicate. Flowers yellow. 3^ 1. K. japo'nica Dec. The Japan Kerria. Identification. Dec. in Trans, of Lin. Soc, 12. p. 156. ; Prod., 2. p. .541. Synonymes. iji^bus japAnicus Lin. Mnnt. 245. ; Cdrchonis japonicus Tkunb. Fl. Jap. 227.; Spiraea japdnica Camb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. p. .^89. ; Spiree du Japon, Fr. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., 2d ser. t. 337. ; and ourj?g. 489. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved ; stipules linear, subulate. A deciduous shrub. Japan. Height 3 ft. to 5ft. Introduced in 1835. Flowers yellow; March to June, and often all the summer. Carpels ?. Variety. Sk K. j. 2 flore pleno (Bot. Reg., t. 587.; Bot. Mag., t, 1296.; and our fig. 490.) — Flowers double, culture in British gardens. Introduced in 1 700, and in very general 489. Ktrna japonica. ion. Kdrrio j. fiftre pltao. It has soft, and not very persistent, wood, clothed with a smooth greenish bark ; twig-like branches ; leaves that are ovate-lanceolate, and serrated with large and unequal teeth, feather-veined, and concave on the upper surface ; stipules that are linear-subulate. The single-flowered variety was, vmtil 1835, only known through a solitary specimen received from Thunberg by Lin- naeus, and preserved in the herbarium of that great botani.st, now in the pos- session of the Linnaean Society. It was after examining this specimen that De Candolle removed it from the genus forchorus, and formed that of Kerrw. The double variety is generally planted against a wall, more especially north of London. It is easily and rapidly propagated by its suckers, and grows freely in any common soil. XXVI. EOSACE^: -SPIKiE A. •299 Genus VIII. 1 m I 5PIRiE^A L. The Spiraea. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagjnia. Identification. Lin. Gen.. No. 630. ; G:ertn. Fruct., I. p. 337. t. 69. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 541. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 517. Synuni/ynes. Spirte'a sp. Cambessedcs Hon. Spir. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. p. 227. ; Spiree, Fr. ; Spier- staude, Gcr. Derivation. From speira, a cord, in reference to the supposed flexibility of the branches of some of the species ; or, according to some, from spcirao, to wreath ; in allusion to the fitness of the flowers to be twisted into g.irlands. Spirteon is Pliny's name for a plant the blossoms of which were used, in his time, for making garlands ; but that plant is thought by some to have been the ribdrnum Lant^na. Gen. Char. Calyx 3-cleft, permanent. Stamens 10 — 30, inserted in the torus, lining the calyx along with the petals. Carpels solitary, or several together, rarely connected at the base, ending in short points, sessile, rarely stipitate. Seeds 2—6. {Don's Mill.) Leaves usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut, having pinnate, or palraately ternate, nerves ; alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers white or reddish, never yellow. — Shrubs, low, deciduous. Europe, Asia, America. Generally of erect growth, with conspicuous flowers of considerable elegance and beauty. The naked young wood, in almost all the species, is of a cin- namon brown ; and, in those kinds in which the shoots are numerous so as to produce a mass, the effect is conspicuous in the winter season. They are all readily propagated by suckers, which, in general, they produce in abundance, and they will grow in any common soil. § i. Physocarpos Camb. Derivation. From phusa, a bladder, and karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the bladdery carpels. Sect. Char. Ovaries connected at the base. Torus lining the calycine tube. Carpels bladdery, rather membranous. Ovula 2 — 3, fixed to the semini- ferous margin of the carpel, ovoid, at first horizontal, but at length sus- pended. Flowers hermaphrodite, disposed in umbels. Pedicels 1-flowered. Leaves toothed, or somewhat lobed, usually stipulate. {Don's-MilL, p. 517.) 1. S. opulifo'lia L. The Guelder-Rose-Ieaved Spiraea, or Virginian Guelder Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 702. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 517. Synonymes. Nine Bark, Amer. ; Evonimo del Canada, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 14. ; and onrfigs. 491, 492. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves lobed, or 3-lobed, and par- taking of an ovate figure, doubly serrated, petioled, and many of them stipuled. Flowers white, nume- rous, disposed in stalked hemi- spherical corymbs ; the pedicel of each flower slender and glabrous. Sepals spreading. Torus wholly connate with the tube of the calyx. Ovaries connate with each other at the base. Ovules in each 2 — 3, affixed to the margin, egg-shaped, ^ at first horizontal, at length the one pendulous, the rest ascending. Carpels bladdery, rather meinbran- aceous, large and diverging. Seeds obovate, glossy, and yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A large shrub. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. in 1690. Flowers «91. £. oimlifblia. 300 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. white ; June and July. Capsule inflated red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red, mixed with yellow. Naked young wood light brown. Hardy, and very ornamental, from its abundance of white flowers, which are produced in corymbs, and resemble those of the Guelder rose ; and from the numerous inflated reddish capsules which succeed the flowers. Propagated by division of the root; but sometimes by layers, or by cuttings of the young wood put, in autumn, in a shady border, in a sandy soil. Varieties. i^ S. o. 2 tomerdella Ser. has the peduncles and calyx tomentose. {Bee. Prod.) It is found at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia River. J* S. o. 3 monogr/na. S. monogyna Torrey, Don's Mill. 2. p. 518. — A native of the Rocky Moun- tains, where it grows to the height of 3 or 4 feet. _^, It is considered by Sir W. J. Hooker as a va- //i:?''ii! riety of S. opulifolia. '^ 2. S. CAPiTA^TA P/i. The oapitate-rori/?"^!^^ Spirgea. Identification. Ph. Fl. Aimer. Sept., 1. p. 342. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. fii'i. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Si/nony}ne. S. opulif61ia var. Huok. Engraving. Our^. 349. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves ovate, doubly toothed, almost lobed ; beneath reticulate and tomentose. Flowers disposed in terminal subcapitate corymbs placed on very long peduncles. Calyx tomentose. (^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. N. America, on its eastern coast , by the River Columbia, Heiglit 4 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1827. Flowers white ; June and July. § ii. Chama^dryon Ser. Derivation. From ChamiE^drys, the name of the germander ; from a similarity in the form of the leaves. Sect. Char. Ovaries distinct. Torus with its base connate with the tube of the calyx, but with its tip separate. Carpels not inflated. Flowers each upon a distinct pedicel, and disposed in umbels or corymbs. Leaves entire, or toothed, without stipules. (^Dec. Prod., ii. p. 548.) ffi 3. S. chaMjEDrifo'lia L. The Germander-leaved Spiraea. Identification. Lin. Sp., 701. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Si/iioiii/nie. S. cantoniensis Lour. ^ Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 15.; and our^g. 405. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, cut at the tip in a serrated manner, glabrous. Flowers upon long slender pedicels, in hemispherical corymbs. Sepals veiny, reflex ed. {^Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Siberia, Kamtschatka, Da- huria, the N. W. coast of N. America, China, and Japan. Height 2 It. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers white; June and July. Capsule reddish; ripe Sept. Naked young wood light brovvn. Varieties. Seringe enumerates the finst four of the fol- lowing forms of this species ; to which, we think, might ba added S. !dmif61ia, S. flexuosa, S. cratsgifolia, S. 6e- tuiiifoHa, and, perhaps, some others. 3^ S. c. 1 vulgaris Camb. Monog. — Leaves with the disks broad and glabrous ; the petioles ci- liated. ^ S. c. 2 media Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 342., Camb. Monog., and our^g. 494. — Leaves smaller, slight- ly villose upon both surfaces. Flowers smaller. Wild in Canada, and upon the rocks of Dahuria. ,1.4. s r mea.a XXVI. ROSA CEJE : i'PJR^A. :30l Monog. ,S. oblongi- st S. c. 3 oblonirifdlia Canib. folia Waldsi. ct Kit. PL Hung, iii- p. 261. t. 235. — Leaves narrower, and less serrated. S. c. 4 subracemosa Ser. — Flowers distantly dis- posed along a lengthened rachis. S. c. 5 inclsa Hort. (5. chamasdrifolia latifolia Hort.) has been raised from seeds received from Germany through Mr. Hunnewaii ; and it appears to be only a variety of this species. In Kamtschatka the leaves are used as a substitute for tea ; and the shoots, when straight, are bored for to- bacco-pipes. In its wild state, it varies exceedingl}' in the magnitude of the entire plant, in the largeness or smallness of its leaves, and in their being more or less ^"^ cut or serrated, and more or less smooth or pubescent. A very ornamental hardy shrub, producing its corymbs of x white flowers, which are tolerably large, in June and Julv. It is said to make beautiful garden hedges. Though the seeds ripen in England, plants can seldom be raised from them ; and, as this species does not produce suckers freely, it is generally raised bj layers or cuttings. ^ 4. S. (c.) J/lmifo'lia Scop. The Elm-leaved Spiraea. Identification. Scop. Fl. Cam., ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 349. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. ISynonyme. S. chanicedrifblia Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 140. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1222. ; Bot. Cab., 1042. ; and o\XT fig. 496. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, flat, sharply serrated, ciliated. Flowers terminal, in rather hemispherical corymbs. Sepals reflexed. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Carinthia and Siberia. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. In- S. chamaedrifblia. troduced in 1790. Flowers white; June and July somest species of this section One of the hand- 496. S. (c.) ulmifilia. 497. S. (c.) u. phjlldnlha. ' anViy. S. (c.) u. 2 phylldntha Ser. (Our ;?g. 497.) — In this variety a whorl of distinct leaves, that are petioled, lanceolate, and sharply serrated, occupies the place of the sepals, and is described as being these trans- formed. Petals and stamens are either not present, or deformed. {Dec. Prod.) I ^ 5. S. {c.) FLEXuo^sA Fisck. The i\e\Me-brancked Spiraea. 'ientijication. Fisch. in Litt. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. monymes. S. alpina Hort. Par., according to Carab. and Fisch. in Litt. 3. ; S. siblrica Hort. \ngravings. Camb. Monog. Spir. in Ann. Sci Nat., 1. t. 36. j and our jig. 498. ipef. Char., 4'c- Leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; from the tip to the middle 302 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. dentately serrate. Flowers in corymbs. {Dec. Prod.) A slender-branched shrub. Native country unknown. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Cidtivated in 1820. Flowers white ; June and July. Capsule reddish; ripe m Sep- tember. Varieties. S. flexuosa latifolia Hori. ; S. diiurica Hort. ; S. ?(lmif61ia, »S'. carpinifolia, S. ietulasfolia, in Messrs. Loddiges's collection, are identical with, or very slight variations of, this species. ^ 6. -S". (C.) CRATiEGIFo'LIA Lk. The Crataegus-leaved Spiraea. Identification. Lk. _Enum^, 2. p. 40. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .546. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Engraving. 0\irjig. 499. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, 498. s. (c.) flexuosa. obtusc J ill the terminal part doubty serrate ; glabrous, reticulate on the under surface. Flowers white, disposed in terminal compound corymbs, whose composite parts are rather capitate. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Native country unknown. Cultivated in 1823. Flowers white ; June and July. 499. .500. S. (c.) ietutefiilia. North America, on Mountains, and in various other places on the western coast. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introd. in 1812. Flowers white ; June and July. Capsule red ; ripe Sept. S. ca'na JValdsf. et Kit. The hoaxy-leaved Spiraea. S, (c.) eratsegifolia. ^ 1. S. (c.) ^etul^fo'lia Pall. The Birch- leaved Spiraea. Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 75. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .544. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 519. Syntmymes. ? S. corymbbsa Raf. in Desv. Journ. ; ? S. cratajgi- ftilia Lk. Enum. 2. p. 42. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. IG. ; and our^g. .500. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves broadly ovate, serrated, glabrous ; the petiole very short. Flowers in fastigiate panicles. Carpels 5, upright, glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Siberia; and the Blue 8 Identification. Waldst. et Kit. PI Huiig., 3. p. 252. t. 227. ; Camb. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Rar 3. t. 227. ; and omflg. 501 . Spec. Char. Sfc. Leaf ovate, of aiiout the size of that of (Salix repens or S. ar- gentea, acute, perfectly entire, or slightly toothed, hoarily villose. Corymbs somewhat racemose ; the lateral ones pedunclcd,of few flowers, and lax. Se- pals spreading. Styles thick. Carpels divergent, ratlier villose. (ZJ^cP/W.) A low .shrub. Croatia, XXVI. flOSA CE^ : 6'PIRiE A. 303 I on hii^h rocks. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers white; Juneand July. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. A very distinct little species approaching S. vacciniifolia, I). Bon. H. S. The 3-lobed-/efl!iW Spiraea. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 543. Brit., t. 68., as S. trl- f ■Hl 9. S, trilob.\Va L. 1 tdentification. Lin. Mant., 2-14. ; Camb. Monog. i Synonyme. S. triloba Don's Mill. 2. p. 518. I Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 17. ; Wats. Dend ! loba ; and our^^'. M2. ISpec. Char., ^c. Leaves roundish, lobed, crenated, glabrous, reticulately veined. Flowers in umbel-like -^^j corymbs. Sepals ascending. Carpels glabrous. (Dec. i^mf' Prod.) A low erect shrub. Alps of Altai. Height 1ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1801. Flowers white ; May. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. This species is very handsome, with branches spread- iing horizontally, and bearing, in the flowering season, Inumerous compact corymbs of pure white flowers ; 502. s.tniobMa. iwhich, combined with the neat appearance of the plant, land its glaucous leaves, rounded in their' outline, and yet lobed, render the rspecies a very interesting and ornamental one. ^ 10. S. alpi'na Pa/l. The Siberian alpine Spiraea. Identification. Pall. Fl." Ross., 1. p. 82. t. 20., according to ' Camb. Monog.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 543.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. lEngravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 20. ; and ourj?g. 503. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, ses- sile, serrulated, glabrous ; the midrib pinnately branched. Flowers in terminal, stalked, and, in many instances, leafless, corymbs. Sepals ascending. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Siberia, in wooded alps. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; June and July. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. The corymbs of flowers being large in propor- ion to the leaves rentiers this species very orna- nentalwhen in bloom ; and its beauty is farther leightened by the plant being of erect growth. 50,^. S. alplna. a:^ 11. S. HYPERiciFo'^Li A Dec, The Hypericum-leaved Spiraea. Don's Mill., 2. p. 519. 'entification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 5. p. 64.5. ; Prod., 2. p. 543. ynonymes. Hypericum fritex Hort. ; Italian May. 'ngravings. See Varieties. pec. Char., S^c. Leaves obovate-oblong, 3 — t-nerved, entire or toothed, glabrous, slightly downy ; primary veins pinnately branched. Flowers in either peduncled corymbs, or sessile umbels. Pedicels glabrous, or slightly downy. Sepals ascending. A species that presents diversified appearances. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Supposed by some to be a native of Ca- i nada ; but Smith and Hooker think that, like most of the species of the section to which it belongs, it is only to be found wild in the Old World. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers white ; June and July. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. meties. Seringe has characterised six forms of this species, which he describes as follows : — s S. h. 1 uralensis Ser. S. crenata Lin., Fisch. in Litt.. and Dons Mill. ii. p. 519. ; S. //ypericifolia ; Camb. Monog. (Our fig. 504.) — Branches rigid, ^o*. i-. /:. „r.-,i^r.sis. 304 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICL'M. a ik thickish. Leaves ovate-roumled ; native of the Ural Mountains. S. h. 2 Plukenetxana. Ser. S. /^ypericifolia Lin. Sj). PL 701., and Don's Mill. n. p. 519. ; S. h. var. /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. v. p. 645. (Pink. Phyt., t.218. f.5.) — Leaves perfectly entire, glabrous. Flowers in sessile corymbs. A native of Canada. S. h. 3 acuta Ser. S. acutifolia Willd. Enum. 540., Camb. Monog., -.md Do7i's Mill. ii. p. 519. ; S. sibirica Hort. Par., according to Camb. Monog. ; S. ani- bigua Pall. (Our Jig. 505.) — Leaves spathulate, elongate, acute, perfectly entire, or rarely 3 — 5-toothed, rather glabrous, corymbs. S. h. 4 crendta Ser. S. obovata Waldst. et Kit. ? 541., Camb. Monog., Barr. Icon. Bar. n. 1376. t the vphole margin crenated. A 505. S. h. acuta. Flowers in sessile in Willd. Enum. n. 13Vb. t. 564.; iS". /i\perici- folia y Dec. Fl. Fr. v. p. 645. ; S. crenata Lin. Sp. 701., Camb. Monog., Don's Mill. ii. p. 519., Load. Cat. (Our Jig. 50C.) — Leaves obovate. v% 506. S. lu crenkU. 507 .^. h . saTTanica. 508. S. h. Besseriiirai. ^ S. h. 5 savrdnica Ser. S. savranica Besser in Litt., Don's Mill. ii. p. 519. ; S. crenata Pall. Fl. Rop. i. p. 35. t. 19. ; S. .^vpericifoliu var. /3 longifolia Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. III. t. 429. (Our Jig. 507.) — , All parts pubescent. Leaves entire, or, at the tip, toothed. Flowers minute, disposed in dense terminal corymbs. It is wild about Bar- naoul, and in Podolia. as S. h. 6 Besseiiana Ser. S. crenata Besser in Litt. ; S. savranica |8 BesserMrtrt Don's Mill. ii. p. 519. (Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1252; and our Jig. 508.) — All parts rather glabrous. Leaves mostly entire. Flowers disposed in rather lax terminal corymbs. A native of Podolia and Caucasus. Other Varieties or Synonymes. The following kinds, in Messrs. Loddiges s collection, and in the Hort. Soc. Garden, appear to be either identical with, or varieties of, S. //ypericifolia : — S. inflexa Wendland (Hort. Soc. Gard.), S. cbovata Wendland (Hort. Soc. Gard.), S. argentea, S. cuneata, S. nana,j .V. alpina, S. acutifolia, S. decumbens. j This species has small hard stems, with numerous side brandies, clotheu| with a dp ;k green bark, and with numerous wedge-shaped leaves, like those ot| St. John's wort, witli glands in their substance, which give them the appear-! ance of being punctured on the surface ; whence the name. The fio«ers are I XXVI. EOSA^CEJE : svirm\. 305 produced in great abundance ; and, when the shrub is allowed space to ex- 1 pand on ever^' side, it forms a very beautiful bush in the flowering season. It I makes handsome garden hedges, and will bear the shears, which were formerly j applied to it, to shape it into artificial forms, when j, ': topiary woi'k was fashionable in garden scenery. It is readily propagated by layers, or by detaching its suckers. *^ 12. S. (h.) thalictroi'des Pa!/. Hue-leaved Spirsea. The Meadow- Idenlificalion. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 34. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 543.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 5)8. Synonymes. S. aquilegiR)lia Pall. Itin. 3. App. 734. No. 94.; S. hy- pericifftlia var. flava ; and S. alpina latifblia. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 18.; and ouryfg. 509. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, obtuse, indistinctly 3-lobed, inconspicuously 3-nerved, glaucous beneath. Flowers in lateral sessile umbels. (Dec. Prod.) A low erect shrub. Alps of Dahuria. Height 1 ft. to 3ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers white; May and June. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. 509. S. (A.) flialictrOWes. ^ 13. S. CUNEIFO^LAI Wall. The wedge-leaved Spiraea. \uentification. Wall. Cat., 699. ; Bot. Reg. M. Chron. 839, No. 87. Synonymes. S. canesceus ; Don Prod. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 544. ; 1 Don's Mill., 2. p. 519. ; S. argentea Hort. Engraving. Owr Jig. 510. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves oval or obovate, obtuse, stalked, quite entire, villous ; corymbs crowded, and as well as the branches tomentose. (Don's Mill.) An erect-branched canescent shrub, with the habit of 5. Aypericifoha. Nepal, at Sirinagur. Height?. In- troduced in 1837. Flowers white, downy, in close corymbose panicles. The leaves are small, thick, downy, wedge-shaped, nd either crenated near the point, or undivided ; they re bright green on the upper side, and glaucous be- eath, with nothing of a canescent appearance, which only visible when they are dried. a 14. S. pikowie'nsis Besser. The Pikow Spiraea. 'entification. Besser Enum. PI. Pod., p. 46. No. 1428. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 543. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 519. igraving. Om Jig. 000. in p. 000. oec. Char., S^c. Leaves with three primary veins, and serrate at the tip, cu- neate-lanceolate, obtuse, rarely pointed. Flowers in peduncled corymbs. UDec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Podolia at Pikow. Height 3 ft, to 4 ft. Introd. in 1807. Flowers white ; June and July. ' 1 - CI j 10. A. CEANOTHiFoYiA Hor7i. The Ceanothus- 1 leaved Spirsa. intification. Horn. Hort. Hafn., p. 2. 466. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. r,44. ^graving. Our^Sg. 511. ^ \cc. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base, serrated from the middle to the tip with sharp un- equal teeth. Flowers in indistinctly peduncled Iterminal corymbs. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Native country unknown. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. jlntroduced in 1823. Flowers white ; June and jluly. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. 510. S. cuneifblia. ,511.. £. ceailothUutiar 306 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. at 16. S. coRYMBo^SA Haf. The corymhose-^o wering Spirtiea. Identification. Rafin. Precis lies Decouvertes Somiologiques, ou Zoologiques et liotaniques (Palenne, 1814), p. 36. ; and in Desv. Journ. Bot., 1814, p. 168.; Dec. Prod. 2. p. 544. Engravings. Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 671- ; and ourjfg. 512. Spec. Char.,'Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, unequally serrated, gla- brous, green above, hoary below. Flowers trigynous, dis- posed in terminal corymbs. {Dec. Frod.) A handsome shrub. Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. in 1819. Flowers white, produced in great abundance ; June and July. Capsule reddish ; ripe in Sept. Fariefy. j» S. c. 2 sororia, S. sororia Pennf/ in Hort. Brit., is a *'^' ■*• "'""'"'«■ smaller plant, seldom growing higher than 2 ft., and flowers rather later than the species. A very desirable species, on account of its large corymbs of white flowers and its distinctness in external character. ja 17. S. KACCiNiiFoYiA D. Don. The Vaccinium-leared Spiraea. Identification. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., 1. p. 227. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 546. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Stjnunyme. S. ddiantif&lia Hort. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1430. ; and our %. 513. Spec. Char., Sfc. Upright. Branchlets hairy. Leaves elliptical, acute, serrated at the tip, glabrous, glaucous ou the under surface. Flowers disposed in terminal tomentose cymes, a few in a cyme. {Dec. Prod.) An upright shrub. Nepal. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. In- troduced in 1820. Flowers white ; July and August. Capsule reddish ; ripe in October. 18. S. LAXIFLO^RA Lilldl. Spireea. The loose-flowered vaccinuf61ia. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg. M. Chron. 1830, No. 89. Engraving. Our fig. 000. in p. 000. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches weak, round, downy. Leaves smooth, ovate-crenate, long-stalked, glaucous beneath. Panicles loose, villose. Petals reflexed. {Lindl.) A shrub resembling S. racciniifolia in the form of the leaves, and the colour of their under surface. Nepal. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Intro- duced in 1838. Flowers white, in large, loose, shaggy panicles ; July and August. 19. S. be'lla Sims. The beautiful Spiicea. Identification. Sims; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2426. ; and our ^'g. 514. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems erect, branched, glabrous, and reddish. Leaves ovate, acute, sharply ser- rated, whitishly tomentose on the under surface. Flowers pretty, rose-coloured, in corymbs laxly disposed. Lobes of the calyx deflexed. {Dec. Prod.) An erect, loose-growing shrub. Nepal. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1820. Flowers beau- tiful rose-coloured ; May and June. Capsule red- dish ; ripe in September. This species is as hardy, and as easily propa- gated, as that very common shrub, S. Aalicifolia, from which species it differs in its loose branchy manner of growth, and in the flowers being in corymbs. One of the most beautiful species of the genus. XXVI, rosacejE: .ypiRTE'A. 307 § iii. Spirdria Ser. 'ed. Char. Ovaries distinct. Torus with its base connate with the tube of the calyx ; its tip separate. Carpels not inflated. Inflorescence a panicle. I Leaves serrate, without stipules. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 544.) I j» 20. S. salicifo'lia L. The Willow-leaved Spiraea. \entificallon. Lin. Sp., 700. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 5-14. ■nonymes. Spir^'a friitex Hort. ; Bridewort, Queen's Needlework. I'lgraving. Gmel. Fl. Sibir., 3. t. 49. oec. Char., ^-c. Stem and peduncles glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, and, more or less, doubly so ; glabrous. Lobes of the calyx triangular, ! spreading. Carpels glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Siberia, i Tartary, and Bohemia ; also of Canada, and, perhaps, of Britain. Height ,4ft. to 6 ft. Cultivated in 1665. Flowers red; July and August. Cap- ' sule red ; ripe in September. I Varieties. Seringe has characterised four forms of this species as follows : — s S. s. 1 cdrnea Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. iii. p. 254., Camb. Mon. (Eng. Bot., t. 1468. ; and our fig. 515.) — Leaves lanceolate. Panicles consisting of ra- cemes more or less spicated. Petals of a flesh co- lour. Bark of the branches \ellowish. This is the form found wild in Britain : whether it be indigenous or not, botanists are not agreed. Professor Henslow consi- ders it " possibly introduced by the agency of man." 36 S. s. 2 alpestns Pall. FI. Ross. i. p. 36. t. 22., Camb. Monog. S. alpestris Don's Mill. ii. p. 519. (Our Z^. 516.)— A small shrub. Leaves shorter than those of S. s. carnea. Branches very short. S. s. 3 paniculata Willd. Sp. ii. p. 1055., Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iii. p. 254. S. alba Ehrh. Beitr. vii. p. 137. (Our ,;%. 517.) — Leaves ovate-oblong. Petals white. Bark of the branches red. It is likely that this is also the S. alba of Miller, of Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 133., and of Muhlenberg's Catalogue of Korth- American Plants. 516. S. «. alpestris. 518. S. J. latifolia. 519. S. J. grandiflbra. Ii* S. s. 4 latifolia Willd. Sp. ii. p. 1055. S. obovata Eaf. in Litt., not of ' Waldst. et Kit., according to Willd. Enum. 541. ; S. carpinifolia X 2 308 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Willd. Enum. p. 540., Don's Mill. ii. p. 520. (Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 66.; and our ^/^g. 518.) — Leaves ovate-oblong. Petals white. Bark of branches rather reddish. ffi S. s. 5 grandiflora ; S. grandiflora "Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1988., and our Jig. 519. ; has its pink flowers nearly twice as large as those of the species ; and is a very ornamental free-growing shrub. Raised from seeds sent from Kamtschatka, in 1826. ffi S. s 6 taiirica. S. taurica Hort. — An upright shrub, 8 ft. to 10 ft. high, tolerably distinct, and coming into flower before any other variety. Hort. Soc. Garden. Other Varieties or Synonymes. The following kinds, in Messrs. Loddiges's collection and in that of the Hort. Soc, are either varieties of, or identical with, S. salicifolia : ■ — S. canadensis, S. z/rticaefolia, S. laciniata, S. charaaedri- folia, S. lanceolata, S. carpinifolia, S. reflexa, S. incarnata. This species sends up numerous straight rod-like stems, and these and the lateral branches terminate in large, conical, spiked panicles, of pale red, or flesh-coloured, flowers. In deep moist soils, a sucker will attain the height of 4 ft. in one season, and flower. These suckers are produced in such abun- dance, that, in order to keep the shrub in a "vigorous state, they ought to be cut down when they have flowered two years, in the same manner as is practised with raspberries ; and the entire plant ought also to be taken up every three or four years, and se|)arated ; otherwise the old shoots are apt to die, and render the bush unsightly. It is one of the hardiest of garden shrubs, and is, also, very beautiful, from its long spicate panicles full of light feathery-looking flowers. j» 21. S. Menzie's// Hook. Menzies's Spiraea. JdcrUijicatim. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., p. 173. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 520. Engraving. Our As,. 520. from a specimen in Dr. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., Src Branches pubescent at the apex, as well as the peduncles and calyces. Sepals reflexed. Leaves elliptic, coarsely and unequally serrated towards the apex, glabrous, the same colour on both surfaces ; panicle crowded with flowers, oblong, obtuse. Flowers small. Stamens twice the length of the corolla ; ovaries 5, glabrous. {Bon's Mill.) An erect shrub. North America, on the west coast. Height 2ft. to 3ft. Introduced in 1838. Flowers rose-coloured; June and July. , 520 s.Menzifeii j« 22. S. TOMENTO^sA L. The downy Spiraea. Identification. Lin. Sp., 701. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 544. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 250. Synonyme. S. Douglks^Y Hook. Fl. Bor. Araer. p. 172. Engravings Pluk. Phvt.. t. 321. f. 5. ; Schmidt Arb , 1. t. 51. ; and our^^. 521. Spec. Char., Sfc. Nearly all the parts of this plant are more or less clothed with tomentum, the under surface of the leaves most so. The tomentum upon the stem and pe- duncles, and perhaps elsewhere, is of a reddish colour. The leaves are ovate and serrated, the latter partly doubly so. Lobes of the calyx triangular and deflexed. Carpels divaricate. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Canada, on mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1814. Flowers white; June and July. Capsule reddish ; fipe in September. This species, or subspecies, in its mode of growth, re- sembles S. salicifolia ; but differs from it in having rather smaller and more deeply serrated leaves, which are very to- mentose beneath. The flowers are much smaller, and of a deeper red. XXVI. iiosA^cE-s;: svmm a. 309 23. S. LiEviGA'TA L. The smooth-leaved Spiraea. 'Identification. Lin. Mant., 244.; Camb. Monog. ; Dec. ProA, 2. p. 544. ; I Don's Mill., 2. p. 519. 'Smonymes. S. altait^nsis Lazm. Nov. Act. Petrop. 15. p. 555. t. 29. f. 2. ; ' S. altiica Pall. Fl. Moss. 1. p. 272. r.ugravings. Nov. Act. Petrop., t. 29. f. 2. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 23. ; and our^. 522. '^pec. Char., ^-c. Leaves obovate-oblong, perfectly smooth, ; entire, sessile, tipped with a small raucro. Branchlets I of the panicle cylindrical. Bracteas linear, rather shorter \ than the calyx. Lobes of the calyx triangular, ascending. {Dec. Prod.) A spreading shrub. Siberia, in valleys at the foot of the more lofty of the Altaian Mountains. , Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1774. Flowers white; I May and June. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. ! A very interesting and handsome species, with a habit ixceedingly dissimilar to that of spiraeas in general. 522. s. lEvigiu. I sife 24. iS". .4Ri^FO^LiA Smith. The White-Beam-tree-leaved Spirsea. ientification. Smith, in Rees's Cyclop., vol. 33. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1365.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 544. ; Don's • aiill., 2. p. 520. ngravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1365. ; and our Jigs. 523, 524. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves elliptical, oblong, more or less lobed, toothed, pale, villose beneath. Panicle villose. {I)ec. Prod.) An erect bushy shrub. North America, ^^S principally on the north-west coast. '^'■'^ Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers white ; June and July. Capsule reddish ; ripe in September. A free-growing dense bush, prolific both in leaves and flowers ; and, as the latter appear at a season when the flowering of shrubs is comparatively rare, it is justly 524. s.ari^aua. considered as a most valuable addition to itish gardens. It is perfectly hardy, will grow in any free soil, and is easily opagated either by division or by seeds, which it ripens in abundance. 523. S. orisfolia. § iv. Sorbdria Ser. ■t. Char. Leaves pinnate, resembling, as the name implies, those of the nountain ash, or other species of Pjrus belonging to the section flowers and fruit of the natural size. Spec. Char., S^c. Upright. Stem round, branched, and bearing awl-shaped in- flexed prickles, or straight prickles, and the branches recurved ones. Young branchlets rather glaucous at the ex- tremity. Leaf pinnate, of 5— 7 leaflets, that are ovate or oblong, mucronate, doubly serrated, plaited; green and glossy above ; whiti-shly tomentose, or else glau- cous, beneath. Petiole and rachis bear- 528. Ribus affinis. b'Vi. Kiibus micrkiithu!. 47-1. Nlibus micrknthus. ing prickles here and there. Petiole pilose. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous. Flowers small, reddish purple, disposed in a corymbose panicle. Petals clawed, shorter than the sepals. {Dec. Prod.) A gigantic bramble. Nepal. Stems 8 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 1822. Flowers liright reddish purple ; May to August. Fruit black ; ripe in August. Naked young wood of a dark mahogany colour. 531. H- niic XXVI. flosA CE.E : iiu'nus. 313 It IS easily tlistinguished from all the other brambles iii British gardens, by its nearly erect, strong, smooth, dark mahogany-coloured shoots, and by its very ong pinnate leaves. The flowers are small, and tlie petals are of a bright 'reddish purple, and shorter tlian the sepals. Tiie fruit is of a blixckish pur- j)le, of the rtiiddle size ; depressedly spherical, and covered with a fine bloom. The grains are fleshy, witii a sweet subacid taste. This species throws up suckers sparingly ; but its magnificent shoots arch over after they get to 6 or 8 feet in height, and grow branching and flowering on every side, till they reach the ground, when their extreme points strike root, and form new plants. Horticultural Society's Garden. a 4. R. occidenta'lis L. The Western, or American, Bramble. Identificntion. Lin. Sp., 706. : Dec. Prod., 2. p. hh%. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 531. Synunymes. R. virginianus Ilort. ; R. idff'us fructu nlgro Dill. Engravings. Sloane Jam., t. 213. f. 1. ; Dill. Hort. Elt., t. 247. f. 319. ; and oar fg. 532. Spec. Clinr., ^c. The whole plant is pretty glabrous. Stems round and whitish. Prickles recurved. Leaves of the barren branches pinnate ; of the fertile branches trifoliolate. Leaflets ovate, incisely serrated, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules very narrow, and bristle- like. Flowers in umbels. Peduncle prickled. Sepals lanceolate-linear, tomentose, longer than the petals, which are obovately wedge-shaped, two-Iobed, and spreading. Fruit black, acid, of the form of that of \^.'j] If. idae'us. Carpels numerous, rather glabrous ; be- \;^ coming, by drying, rugged with little hollows. (Dec. Prod.) A sub-erect shrub. Canada and the West Indies. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1696. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit black ; ripe in ^jj. «. occidemiUs. August. Horticultural Society's Garden. a 5. JR. iDJE'vs L. The Mount Ida Bramble, or common Raspberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 706. ; Doc. Prod., 2. p. 5.")8. Sijmmymes. R.frumhcesiUnns Lam. Fl. Fr., 3. p. 135. ; Framboisier, Fr. ; gemeine Brombeere, Ger. •• The Uaspis is called in Grceke B.\Tos Idaia ; in Latin, Rttbus Id Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2442. ; and out Jig. 533. Spec. Char., Sfc. Villose. Stem round, bearing slender recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate; those of the fertile stems of ^ leaflets, those of the sterile stems of 5, rather palniatcly disposed. Leaflets ovate, incisely serrated, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules very narrow and bristle-like. Flowers in a corymbose panicle. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, whitely tomentose, ending in a i)oint. Petals obovate-w-edge-shaped, entire, conniving, shorter than tiie calyx. Carpels numerous, tomentose. (^Dec. Prod.) An upright shrub, with a creeping root and biennial stems. Europe, and, probably, Asia, Africa, and America. Found in every part of Great Britain, and in Ireland, in the agricultural iind subalpine regions, in woods, and in moist wastes. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers white ; May, June, and July. Fruit red ; ripe in July, August, and September. Varieties. a R. J. 2 vilcrophi/lhis Wallr. Sched. p. 25C. — Leaves all of 3 leaflets. Stem sufTruticose ; dwarfer and more bushy than the species. (Dec. Prod.) Garden Varieties. There are varieties with red fruit, yellow fruit, and white fruit ; and one which bears twice in tlieyear. The fruit of the species, in a wild state, is crimson, amd consists of nume- rous juicy grains, beset with the permanent styles, and Iiighly fragrant ; with a very deliciously sweet, and yet slightly acid flavour, when eaten. Lnproved varieties of it have long b( en in cultivation in gardens, for the fruit, which is delightfully fragrant, and grateful to the palate in itself, and is used in nu- 314 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. merous culinary and confectionery articles, as well as in liqueurs. The raspberry requires a vegetable soil, . rather moist, soft, and not very deep ; because most of the roots, like those of all other plants that throw up numerous suckers, keep near the surface ; and the situation should be shaded, rather than fully exposed to the meridian sun. In a wild state, it is almost always, found more or less shaded by trees, but not under their drip ; and in woods, the situation of which is rather low and moist, than hilly and rocky or dry. The root belongs to that description which is called travelling ; that is, the suckers extend themselves all round the central plant, so as every year to come up in fresh soil. Hence, as Miller observes, a raspberry plantation requires to be renewed every five or six years. 533. R, iflae^us. Jk § ii. Leaves digitate, of 3 — 5 Leaflets. 6. R. lacinia'tus W. The cut-leaved Bramble. Identification. Willd. Hort. Berol., p. 82. and t. 82. ; Dec. Prod., 2, p. S58. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 532. Engravings. Willd. Hort. Berol., t. 82. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 69. ; and oxirfig. 534. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem rather round, bearing stout recurved prickles, compressed at the base. Leaflets 3 — 5, pinnately cut, sharply serrate, a little downy beneath. Flowers in loose panicles, white or rose-coloured. Sepals lanceolate, leafy at the tip, tomentose, prickled, reflexed. Petals wedge-shaped, 3-lobed at the tip. Carpels roundish, dark-coloured. (^Dcc. Prod.) A large and handsome bramble. Stems 4 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers white, or rose-coloured ; June to Sep- tember. Fruit black; ripe in August. Naked young wood of a fine purple colour. ^ The appearance of this plant is that of the common bramble, except in the leaflets, which, from their being deeply cut, are strilcingly difl^crent. Where it was first found is unknown ; but it is, in all probability, only a variety of the common bramble, analogous to the cut- leaved variety of the elder (^ambucus nigra laciniata.) H. S. St 7. i?. c^E^sius L. The grey Bramble, or Dewberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 706. ; Dec. Piod., 2. p. 558. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 533. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 22. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 100. ; Eng. Bot., t. 826. ; and out jig. 536. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem trailing, round, in many instances suffused with a grey bloom, bearing slender and a little recurved prickles. Leaflets 3 in a leaf, ovate, doubly serrated or crenated, glabrous, or obscurely ciliated. Panicle almost simple. Sepals ovate-acuminate. Petals white. Fruit sweet. Carpels large, few, greyish. (Z)rc. Prod.) A low straggling bramble. Eu- rope and the North-East of Asia, in 634. R. lacinikniK. SM. R. c. parvifilius. XXVI. iJOSA^CE^. : RV^BUS. 315 woods and hedges. Stem 4 ft. to 8 ft. Fruit black ; ripe in August. Flowers white ; June and July. Varieties. ^ R. c. R. il* CS^SIUS. 2 arvensis Wallr. Sched. p. 288. pseudo-cae^sius Weihe, according to Ern. Meyer in Litt. — Leaflets tonientose beneath. Branches pu- berulous. -i R. c. 3 grandiflorus Ser. — Pubescent. Petals and sepals long. jk R. cA parvifoUus Wallr. Sched., p. 228. (Our fig. 535.) — Stem ascending, purplish, ultimately naked. Leaves small, incisely lobed. Peduncle 1 — 3- flowered. A native of herbage- covered hills, y^ _* R. c. 5 foliis variegdtis Hort. has varie- 4^ gated leaves. A low, weakly, straggling, prostrate plant, having the flowers with blush-coloured petals, and the fruit small, with few grains ; but these large, juicy, black, with a fine glaucous bloom, and very agreeably acid. This species varies exceedingly in the size of its flowers and leaves in different situations, whence have arisen many varieties. -* 8. R. corylifo'lius Smith. The Hazel-leaved Bramble. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. 542. ; Smith in Eng. Bot., t. 827. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .5,33. Synunymes. R. vulgaris Weihe S; Keen, according to Lindley, Synopsis of Brit. Flora, ed. 2. p. 94. : R. nemor6sus Heync, according to Sprengel and Goldbach Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 827. ; and our^. 538. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stem angled, bearing straightish prickles. Leaflets 3—5, cordate-ovate, firm, doubly serrated, pilose beneath. Panicle nearly sim- ple. Flowers white. Sepals ovate-acuminate, ultimately reflexed. Carpels purplish-blue, and large. {Dec. Prod.) A large bramble. Native of Europe, especially in the southern part ; and frequent in Britain, in hedges and thickets. Stems 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers white; June and July. Fruit purplish blue or black, large ; ripe in August. Varieties. jj R. c. 2 cdnus Wallr. Sched. p. 23L — Leaflets all similar in form, roundish heart-shaped, wliitishly tomentose upon both surfaces. 537. R. c. glandul6sus. j( R. c. 3g/anrf?^^-4| woods ; in Britain abounding in the agricultural '^d^'-y'^ zone, and tolerably frequent in the upland zone; with, according to Mr. Winch, a limit similar to that of £/'lex' europap.'a. Stem 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers white, or rose-coloured ; June to August. Fruit purplish black ; ripe August to September or October. Varieties. R. /. 2 pomponius Ser. R. fruticosus S Weihe ^- Nees. {fig. 540.) — Flowers **"• "• f- ;'""■?""""■ XXVI. iiOSA^CE/E : iiU^BUS. 317 semidouble or double. Leaves pale green ; leaflets obovate. Cul- tivated in gardens. This variety may be considered as highly orna- mental, from the large size and numerous petals of its flowers, and from its very vigorous growth. Though it will thrive at the roots of trees, and in places where other ornamental plants will hardly grow, yet it produces most effect when it is trained against a wall. jc E,. / 3 tauricus Hort. is a vigorous-growing plant, which produces by far the best fruit of any variety of bramble. H. S. _t R. /. ijlore rosea plena Baum. Cat. — Flowers double pink. H. S. J: R. /. 5 folus variegutis. — Leaves variegated, and not liable to the ob- jections made to most variegated plants, -* R. /. 6 leucocdrpus Ser. — Fruit white. {Dec. Prod.) This species is considered as being more common than any of the other brambles, and also as attaining a greater size. It is always found to prosper best on a soil somewhat dry and gravelly ; and, accordingly, Switzer, when speaking of choosing a soil and situation for a vineyard, recommends looking out for one where the bramble is abundant and vigorous. The fruits have been eaten by children, in every country where they grow wild, since the time of Pliny. They have also been used, both in France and England, to produce a subacid drink ; an inferior description of wine ; by fer- mentation and distillation, a strong spirit ; and, boiled with sugar, a very good jam. 541. R. frutic6sul. jt 11. R. Hi'spiDus L. The his^iA-stemmed Bramble. Ideniification. Lin. Sp., 706.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 564.: Don's Mill., 2. p. 537. Synonymes. R. triviMis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 296. ; if. proci'imbens Miihl. ; R. flagellaris IVtUd., according to Spreng. Syst. 2. p. 530. Engravings. Hayne.Abbild., t. 71. ; and omjig. 542. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem procumbent, round, very hispid, bearing scattered bristles and recurved prickles. Leaf- lets 3 — 5, wedge-shaped at the base, unequally toothed, pretty glabrous above. Flowers solitai-y, upon longish peduncles. Petals obovate. Carpels black. {Dec. Prod.) A bramble with procumbent stems. Canada. Stems 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white ; August. Fruit black, edible ; ripe in September and October. 542. R. hU|iidus. § iii. Leaves lobed, not pinnate or digitate. Sk 12. R. oDORA^us L. The sweet-scented-/i?ai;ec? Bramble. Identification. Lin. Sp., 707. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 566. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 539. Synonymes. R. occidentkMs Hort., but not of Lin. j the Virginian Rasp. berry, the flowering Raspberry. Engravings. Mill Ic, t. 223. ; Bot. Mag., t 323. ; and our Jig. 543. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem upright. Petioles, peduncles, and calyxes bearing glanded hairs. Disks of leaves 5-lobed, unequally toothed. Inflorescence subcorymbose. Flowers large, showy, red. Sepals ovate, longly acuminate, shorter than the petals. Carpels numerous, ovate vel- vety. Style funnel-shaped. {Dec. Prod.) An upright shrub. North America, in the woods of Canada, and on the Alleghany Mountains. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1700. Flowers purplish red ; June to Sept. Fruit yellow, rarely seen in England. 543. U. odorittt*- 318 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The flowers are not succeeded by fruit in this country ; but Pursh informs us that, in a wild state, the fruit is yellow, and of a very fine flavour, and a large size. " Cornutus, who first figured and described this plant, gave it the name of odoratiis, on account of the very grateful fragrance of its foliage." (So/. Mag., t. 323.) ^ 13. R. NUTKA^NUS Moc. The Nootka Sound Bramble. Identification. Mocino PI. Nutk. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 5G6. ; Bot. Reg., t. 13G8. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 54l(. Synonyme. R. odoratus Hort., but not of Lin. Engravings. Mocino PI. Nutk. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1368. ; and omjig. 544. Spec. Char., 8fc. Stem glutinous. Branches round, glabrous, rufous. Leaves 5-lobed, unequally toothed. Inflorescence subcorymbose. Flowers about 4 in a corymb, white. Sepals ovate, longly acuminate, gla- brous, as long as the petals. Allied to R. odoratus, but the peduncle and calyx are glabrous. {Dec. Frod.) An upright shrub. North-west coast of North Ame- rica, from New California to Nootka Sound, and at various places between north latitude 43° and 52°, in mountains and woods. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1826. Flowers white; May to October. Fruit yellow or reddish ; ripe in August. S44. Rtibus mitkknus. The general aspect and appearance of R. odoratus, except being of a paler green. The flowers are succeeded by large yellow or reddish berries, which are found to make excellent tarts ; and the plant will probably soon be ranked as a fruit shrub. Horticultural Society's Garden. Species and Varieties of 'Riibus best deserving of Cultivation in British Gardens, as ornamental Shrubs. A. Erect Raspberry-like Sorts. R. occidcntalis, the Western, or black. Raspberry, No. 4. ; and fig. 532. in p. 313. R. nutkdnus, the Nootka Sound Raspberry, No. 13.; and fig. 544. in p. 318. R. odoratus, the sweet-scented, or Virginian Raspberry, No. 12. ; and fig. 543. in p. 317. R. spcctdbilis, the shoivy-^owered Raspberry, No. 9. ; and fig. 539. in p. 316. R. id(B"us, the Mount Ida, or common. Raspberry, No. 5. ; and fig. 533. in p. 314. — The varieties of this species which are recommended as being most suitable for planting in an arboretum are, the red Antwerp, the white Antwerp, and the smooth cane. B. Shrubby Brambles. R. suberectus, the sub-erect Bramble, No. 1. ; and fig. 527. in p. 31 1. R. micrdnthus, the small-flowered, or Nepal, Bramble, No. 3. ; and figs. 530, 531. in p. 312. 'R. frutico.ms. Vie shrubby Bramble, or common Blackberry, No. 10.; and fig. 540. in p. 316. — The varieties recommended are, the double-flowered, the double pink-flowered (if it can be got), the variegated-leaved, and R. f. tauricus, on account of its large and excellent fruit. R. lacinidtus, the c?(Meaved Bramble, No. 6. ; and fig. 534. in p. 314. R. corylifolius, the Hazel-leaved Bramble, No. 8. ; and fig. 537. in p. 315. C. Prostrate Brambles R. c(B"sius, the grey Bramble, or Dewberry, No. 7. ; and fig. 535. in p. 314. — The variety recommended, in addition to the species, is that with variegated leaves. Remark. The plants in the last two groups are propagated by division of the roots, or by encouraging the points of the shoots to root, like the runners of a strawberry ; and the plants in the first group by division of the root, oi by suckers. XXVI. iJOSA CEM : POTENTI LI, A. ^19 other Sorts of shrubby Rubuses. — R. macro- pctalus Doug. MS. in Hooh. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 178. t. 59., and our jig. 545., is a native of low woods in the valley of the Columbia, with white flowers, and the general habit of R, spectabilis. R. deliciosiis Torrey in Ann. Lye. ii. p. 196. is a native of North America, among the Rocky Mountains ; with purple flowers, succeeded by a very delicious fruit. It is a shrubby bramble, 3 or 6 feet high. R. uUdceus Smith in Rees's Cycl. vol. xxx. is a native of Upper Nepal, with white flowers, and leaves like those of T'ilia alba. R. cordi- folius D. Pon appears to be the same species, or perhaps a variety. Hort. Soc. in 1834. 54Si R, macropitalus. Genus X. t! VJtJ POTENTFLLA L. The Potentilla, or Shrubby Cinquefoil. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Identification, i^in. Gen., No. 8G5. ; Nestl. Pot. Diss., 4to ; Lehm. Pot. Diss., 4to; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 571. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 549. Derivation. P'rom potens, powerful ; in allusion to the supposed medicinal qualities of some species. Gen. Char. Calyx lO-parted, the 5 outer segments accessory. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous with lateral styles, seated on a dry permanent, elevated receptacle. (Don^s Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, stipulate, sub-evergreen ; pin - nately cut. Flowers white or yellow. Shrubs low, natives of Europe and America, and of easy culture in a dry soil. They are propagated by seeds or cuttings ; and, except the common species, P. fruticosa, are not much in cultivation. ji 1. P. FRUTico^SA L. The shrubby Potentilla, or Cinquefoil. [Identification. Lin. Sp., 709. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 579. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 560. ; Nestl. Pot. ; '( Pot. ; Smith's Eng. Flora, 2. p. 416. 'Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 88. ; Nestl. Pot., 30. t. 1. ; and our fig. 546. \Spec. Char., 8fc. Stem shrubby. ! Leaves pinnatelycut, hairy ; the 'j lobes oblong, lanceolate, entire, j approximate, of nearlythe same ; colour on both surfaces. Sti- pules lanceolate, membraneous, acute. Inflorescence rather co- rymbose. Flowers yellow. Se- pals pilose, lanceolate, acute, , broad at the base. Bracteas j linear-lanceolate, indistinctly pe- I tioled. Corolla longer than the 1 calyx. Receptacle very hairy. ' {Dec. Prod.) A roundish bush. Lehm. 346. Potentilla fruticusa. Fngland, Germany, the Pyrenees, and other places ; in England, in Middle- ton, Teesdale ; and in Rock Forest, Clare, in Ireland. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers yellow ; July and August. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. 3-20 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. t. 1. ; P. fruticosa p. f. tenuiloba. Varieties, according to Seringe, in Dec. Prod. jk P. f. 2 dahurica Ser. P. dahurica Nestl. Pot. 31 ^3 Lehm. Pot. 32. — Glabrous. Lobes of the leaves 3 — 5, pinnatel}' cut. Sepals shorter and broader than the bracteoles. Dahuria. In- troduced in ] 824' ; and producing its yellow flowers in July. Plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the Epsom Nursery. ■" P. /. 3 tenuiloba Ser. ; P. fruticosa /3 Nestl. Pot. 30., Lehvi. Pot. 32. var. 7 ; P.floribunda Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 353., Watson^s Dend. Biit. t. 70. ; P. tenuifolia Scltlectend. Berl. Mag., according to Lehvi. Pot. 32. (C)ur^g. 547.) — Sepals and lobes of the leaves nar- row, and with a slight hoary silkiness. North America ; where it is a low-growing shrub, not al)ove 18 in. high. It was also found by Pallas in Siberia. The handsomest variety of the species. j» 2. P. GLA^BRA Lodd. The glabrous Potentilla. Identification. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 914. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. -584. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 561. Synonymes. P. fruticbsa alba Busc/i, according to Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 914. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 914. ; and out Jig. 548. Spec. Char., Sfc. Frutescent. Branches pendulous, purple. Leaves pinnately cut into 5 entire lobes. Flowers ter- minal, white, of the size of those of the wood strawberry (Fragaria vesca). (Dec. Prod.') A beautiful little shrub. Siberia. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1818. Flowers white ; June to August. Fruit brown ; ripe in Sep- tember. „ ,^^ 548. P. glkbra. It differs from P. fruticosa in being per- fectly smooth in all its parts, and in having pendulous branches and undulated leaves. It thrives best in a mixture of loam «nd peat, is of slow growth, and difficult to increase, except by seed. tX^, 3. P. SalesdVi/ Steph. Salesovius's Potentilla. NesU. Pot., 31. Identification. Steph., according to Willd. Enum., p. 552. Lehm. Pot., 35. t. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 583. Engraving. Lehm. Pot., 35. t. 1. ; and ourj?^. 549. Spec. Char., Sfc. Habit resembling that of Comarum palustre. Stem suff'ruticose. Leaves pinnately cut, coriaceous. Lobes oblong, acutely serrate, pubescent above upon the veins, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules lanceolate, very acute, entire, rather filmy at the edge. Flowers large, white, upon short peduncles, and grouped. Sepals lanceolate, very acute, broad, almost as long as the petals, which are obovate. Bracteoles very narrow, smaller than the sepals. Receptacle lannginose. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white; June and July. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. p. Salesovii. Comarumjmtustre L. (Eng. Bot., t. 172.), Potentilla Comarum Scop., a well known British plant, found in boggy soils, with somewhat hgneous shoots, and showy flowers of a deep dingy purple, may be added to this order, and mcx prove useful in particular situations, on the margins of ponds. ^fc, XXVI. TJOSA^CE^ : C()Wa\\7.^. 3'21 Genus XI. 1 COW A' N/J D. Don. The Cowania. Lin. Si/st. Icosanclria Polygynia. 1; Identification. D. Don, in Sw. Fl. Gard., 2d series. . s\Dcrii'ation. In honour of Jfl?nra Cowan, a London merchant, who several times visited Mexico I i and Peru, whence he introduced a great many plants. ■i\Gen.Char. Caly.t: b-cMt. Petals 5. Ovaries .'i— 14^. Ovule erect. %/« terminal, continuous. Achenia adorned with the pkimose persistent style, (i). Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; wedge-shaped, oblong, pinnatifid, plaited. Flowers terminal, solitary, almost sessile, red. — Shrub ; native of Mexico ; very ornamental, but somewhat tender in British gardens. The \)\a\ted-leaved Cowania. p. 452. 1. C. plica'ta D. Don. Swt. Brit. Flor. Gard.,t. 400.; Gard. Mas., 13. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., t. 400. ; and our /g. 6S0. 'fdcntification. Engravitigs. oec. Char., ^c. Leaves wedge-shaped, oblong, pinnatifid, plaited. {D. Don.) A rigid, evergreen, decumbent, much- branched shrub. Mexico. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1835. Flowers ; Jark red ; June and July. Naked young wood dark brown. Branches copiously clothed with talked glands. Petioles of the leaves fery short, slightly channeled above, ■jeathing at the base. Stipules adherent, flowers, when protruding from the bud lactly like those of .ffosa. This pro- mising evergreen shrub, being extremely ifficult to propagate, has been lost, for the present, to British gardens. .550. Cowaiuff iil'ckta. Sect. IV. ^o'sEyE Dec. Genus XII. ""1 JL.^ i L i?O^SA Toum. The Rose Tree. Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Polygynia. •Mtification. Toum. Inst., 1. p. C36. t. 408. ; Lin. Gen., 631. , Lara. 111., t. 440. ; Lindl. Ros. Men., !vo, 1820 ; Pronville's Nomen. Rais., ]8!H, Monog. Ros., 1824 ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 564. nonymes. Rhodophora Neck. Elem. ; Rosier, Fr. ; Roseustock, Ger. ; Roozeboom, Dtitch \ llosajo, Ital. ; Rosal, Span. ; and Roseira, Portvgvese. irivation. From rkos, red, Celtic ; in reference to the colour of the flowers of most of the species. 'en. Char. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth, and with the seg- ments usually pinnately divided. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, bony, inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, which at length becomes baccate and encloses them. They are dry and indehiscent, bearing each a style on the inner side. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; impari- pinnate. Stipules attached to the petiole. Prickles simple. Flowers large, showy; red, white, or yellow ; fragrant. jShrubs, for the most part deciduous ; natives of Europe, and of the tem- ! V ' a-22 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. perate regions of Africa, Asia, and America, but not of Australia ; and they have been in cultivation in the Old World, for the beauty and fragrance of their flowers, from time iamiemorial. As tiie culture of roses belongs more to floriculture than to arboriculture, it will be found given at length in our Encyclopcedia of Gardeniug, and in the first edition of tiiis woi'k. All the species may be propagated by cuttings of the roots, cuttings of the young wood in a growing state, by layers, or by budding or grafting ; and they will all thrive in loamy soil, dry and rich, rather than poor. The genus 7?6sa is in a state of confusion still greater than that which subsists among the diflTerent kinds of iZubus ; nor can it well be otherwise, when we consider that the greater number of kinds in cultivation are garden productions, and that the wild kinds diflfer exceedingly according to soil and situation, and have been chiefly described by botanists ti'oni dried specimens. We have adopted the arrangement in Don's Miller, with the exception of omitting the first section, Simpliciloliae, now made a separate genus by Dr. Lindley. Where the species arranged under a section are natives of different countries, it may fairly be presumed, that there is at least one in each country entitled to be considered a species ; or, at least, it may be convenient to do so, in the present state of our knowledge. Nature, it is observed in the Nonveau Du Hamel,^ " appears scarcely to have placed any limit between the different species of the rose ; and, if it is already very difficult to define the wild species, which have not yet been Tjodified by culture, it is almost impossible to refer to their original type the numerous varieties which culture has made in the flowers of species already so nearly resembling each other." § i. Ferbccs Lindl. Mon. p. 3. Derivation. From/trox, fierce ; in reference to the branches being thickly beset with prickles. Sect. Char. Branches clothed with permanent tomcntum. Fruit naked. The plants contained in this section are a truly natiu-al group ; they are low shrubs, losing their leaves early in autumn, and are then remarkable for their hoary branches, bristles, and numerous prickles. Their fruit is per- fectly smooth, winch separates them from the next section, in which the fruit is downy. Sepals usually toothed. (Don's Mill.) — Deciduous low bushes, natives of Caucasus and Kanitschatka. jt I. i?. FE^ROX Lawr. The fiercely-prickled Hose. Xdentification. Lawr. Ros., t. 42. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .50.5. t Si/7iony»ics. R. kamtscliatica Red. Rus. 1. p. 47.; R. kaintschatica /3 fdrox Scr. in Dec. Prod. 2 p. 007. ; R. echinkta Dupont. En^rmiings. Lawr. Ros., t. 42. ; Red. Ros., 1. p. 47. t. 12.; and our fig. 651. Spec. Chnr., S^c. Prickles all alike in shape, and much crowded. Flowers large, red. Fruit glo- bose, scarlet. (Don\^ Mill.) A very prickly shrub. Caucasus. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 17 96. Flowers large, red; July and August. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Variety. j» R. /. 2 ntfevs Lindl. in Bol. Beg. t. 82-i., Scr. in Dec. Prod. ii. p. G07., has shining pale green glabrous leaves, and pale crim- son flowers. Deserving a place in collec- tions on account of its singularity. ,,,_ fi„.a»rox. • j« 2. Ii. (f.) kahitscha'tic.\ Vetif. The Kamtschatka Rose. Identification. Vent. Cols., t. 67. ; Drin's Mill., 2. p. 5fi.5. ^.ngravings. Vent. Cels., t. 67. ; N. Uu Ham., vol. 7. t. 'lO. f. 2. ; and our fig. 552. Spec. Char.,Sfr. Prickles infra-stipular, falcate, large. Leaves opaque. Flowers solitary, deep red. Fruit spherical, scarlet, less than that of R. ferox. {Don'i M.t XXVI. iJOSA'CE^ : RO^SA. 323 Mill.) Kamtschatka, i.i dry rocky places. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1791. Flowers deep red ; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. From tiie appearance of tlie plants bearing this name in the extensive collection in Mot-srs. Loddiges's arboretum, we should consider it to be only a variety of B. ferox. It is, however, very distinct, and, from the rich colour of its flowers and fruit, well deserving a place in collections, 9 11. jSvaCteflt(£. 552. ft. (f.) katiitschi.ica. Sect. Char. ^ Branches and fruit clothed with permanent tomentum. This section is readily distinguished from the last by the wooUiness of the fruit. Leaves dense, usually shining, and prickles placed under the stipules in pairs. Sepals simple, or nearly so. {Don's Mill.) — Evergreen, or sub- evergreen bushes. Natives of China and Nepal. « 3. i2. bractea'ta ^fe/irf/. The /ar^e-bracted Rose. Identification. Wendl. Obs., 50. ; Red. Ros., 1. p. 35., ic. ; Llndl. Ros. Mon., p. 10. : Dec. Prod , 2. p. 6 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p.5G5. > f ' Syiionyme. Lord Macartney's Rose. Engravings. Wendl. Hort. Herrenhaus., fasc. 4. t. 22. ; N. Du Ham. Sjjec.Char.jSfc. Evergreen. Branches upright, to- mentose. Prickles stout, recurved, in many instances in pairs. Leaflets 5 — 9, obovate, sub- serrate, coriaceous, glossy, glabrous. Stipules scarcely attached to the petiole, bri.stle-shaped, but frimrcd. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, large. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. Fruit globose, large, orange red. {Dec. Prod.) Ever- green. China. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1795. Flowers large, showy, white, solitary, nearly sessile j June to October. Fruit orange red ; ripe in October, Ttflowersabundantly,but js rather tender, on which account it succeeds best when trained against a wall. Varieties. , 7. t. 13. ; and our tig. 553. 653. R. bracte^u. b. 2 scabricaulis Lindl. Rosar. Monog. p. 10. (Sims Bot. Mag.j t. 1377.) — Branches bristly. Prickles sinaller than in the species, and rather straight. China, province of Tchetchiang. {Dec. Prod.) • R.6. 3Jidreplino Hort. — Flowers double, but never expandins; freely. « R. b. 4 Maria Leonida Hort. — Flowers double, white, yellowish pink in the centre, expanding freely. One of the finest of autumnal roses. The species and the varieties, being somewhat tender, succeed best when trained against a wall. They are very ^'^%'v^' ornamental from their shining evergreen foliage, as well v.^^S^^il as from their flowers. ^^' jL 4. R. MiCROPHY'LLA Roxh. The small-leafleted Rose, Identification. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ined., according to Lindl. Rosar MonoK p. 9. 145, 146. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. G02. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 565. Symmyme. Hoi-tong-hong, Chinese. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 919. ; and our fig. 5.54. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Stem almost without prickles. Leaflets glossy, sharply serrated, veiny beneath, with densely netted anastomosing veins. Stipules very narrow, unequal. Flowers double, of a delicate rose colour. 554. r. microphalli. Calyx densely invested with prickles. Sepals short, broadly ovate, ccli;nate, ^n.i,n„ ,„ „ ..„;„* Prickles having at the base two longitudinal furrows. Y 2 ending in a point. 324 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. {Dec. Prod.) Sub-evergreen. China Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introdiicecl in 1828. Flowers very larije, double, and of a delicate blush colour; August to October. Fruit orange red ; ripe in October. An interesting little shrub, but somewhat tender, like R. bracteata. There is a variety in the Hort. Soc. Garden called R. m. alba. n. 5. R. involucraVa Raxh. The involucred-co?7/wZit'^ Hose. Identification. Koxb. Fl. Ind. ined., according to Lindl. Kosar. Monog., p. 8. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 002 ; Don's Mill., 2. p. -WS. Synom/mes. R. LindleyoMa Tratt. Ros. 2. p. 109. ; R. palfistris Buc'han. (.Hmn.) MSS. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 739. ; and oar fig. 555. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shoots long, tender. Branches pale brown, tonientose, scarcely prickly. Leaflets ,^g 3 — 9, elliptical-lanceolate, tomentose beneath. Stipules hardly attached to the petiole, bristle- hke-fringed. Flowers terminal, mostly solitary, white. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. (Dec. Prod.) Deciduous, branchy. Nepal and China. Height 3 ft. to i ft. Introd. 1818. Flowers white; June and July. Fruit orange red; ripe in October. Seringe seems to consider this as a variety of R. bracteata. The flowers are in coi-ynibs, sur- rounded by three or four approximate leaves. The plants are rather tender, and succeed best against a wall, where they flower magnificently. Not com- mon in collections. Lodd. .^.'j.'j. R. ttivolucrata. § iii. Cinnamomecc Lindl. Ros. p. 13. Sect. Char. Plants setigerous or unarmed, bracteate. Leaflets lanceolate glandless. Disk thin, never thickened. This section is distinguished by its long lanceolate leaflets without glands, its upright shoots, and compact habit. Flowers red, never solitary, except by abortion, and always supported by bracteas. Fruit round, small, red (soon losing its long narrow sepals), and with small, smooth, shining carpels. The shoots are usually setigerous next the ground ; but rarely so towards the apex, except in one or two instances. R. alpina and R. aciculilris, of the following division, sometimes have brac- teas; but their sepals never fall off till the fruit is decayed. Sepals simple, entire, or nearly so, unless when mentioned otherwise. (Don's Mill.) — Plants of most of the species are in cultivation in British gardens. De- ciduous rambling bushes ; natives of Continental Europe and North America, and some of them of Britain. A. Species Natives of North America. Sfe 6. R. LU^ciDA Ehrk. The s\\mmg-leaved Rose. Identification. ElirVi Beitr., 4. p. 22. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 17. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. fi02. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 5fi.5. Synontjmcs. R. rilbra ICicida Rossig. litis., t. 7. and t. 2.'>. f. 1.; R. lOcida Jacq. Fragm. 71. ; Rose Turneps ; Rosier 2i Feuilles de Frene, Fr. Engravings. Red. and Thor. Ros., 1 . p. 45. ic. ; N. Du Ham., vol. 7. t. 7. ; and our fig. 556. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Prickles recurved, or none. Leaflets 5 — 9, lanceolate-elliptical, coriaceous, bluntly ser- rated, glossy. Stipules dilated, large, finely ser- rated, and extended as far as to the leaflets. Peduncles somewhat hispid. Flowers red, and opening late in the season. Sepals almost entire, 555. H.iucida. xxvr. BOSA cEjE : Ro sa. 325 appendicled, spreading. Fruit oblately globose, a little hispid or glabrous, scarlet. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shining-leaved shrub. North America, from New York to Carolina; near Boston, in bogs, and on the edges of marshes; and in Newfoundland. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers red, overtopped by the leaves and young branches ; June to August. Fruit bright red ; ripe in October. A handsome species, on account of its shining foliage, and one which is very hardy ; but the flowers have a very disagreeable smell. 7. It. ni'tida W. The glossy-leaved Rose. ft. nltida. Idenlificalion. Wjlld. Enum., 544. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 13. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 603. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 565. Synonymcs. R. Redutea rufescens Thory in Red. Ros. I . p. 103. ic. ; the dwarf Labrador Rose Engravings. Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 13. t. 2. ; Redoute Ros. 1. p. 103. ic. ; and our Jig. .5.57. Spec. Char., S;c. Dwarf and reddish in aspect. Stem and branches almost covered with slender, rather equal, prickles. Leaflets 5 — 9, rather rigid, lanceolate, glossy. Stipules large, finely serrated, extending as far as to the leaflets. ^JJ Flowers red. Peduncle bristly. Sepals spread- "^^i- ing. Fruit bristly, shining;, and scarlet. {Dec, ^1^ Prod.) A shrub beset with straight red spines. \" Newfoundland. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced ^^ in 1807. Flowers deep red ; June to August. >• Fruit depressed, spherical, bright scarlet ; ripe in September. This is an interesting plant, from its dwarf stature, its abundant reddish prickles, its glossy leaves, its flowers, and its fruit. jui 8. R. ^.\'pA Pose. The Turnip-fruited Rose. Identification. Bosc Diet. d'Agric. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 15. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 602. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .565. Synanymes. R. tdrgida Pers. Ench. 2. p. 49. ; R. /raxini- folia Dumont in Corns. Bot. Cult. Engravings. Red. and Thor. Ros., 2. p. 7. ic. ; and our fig. ooS. Spec. Char., S^c. Taller than R. lucida, and spreading. Branches without prickles. Leaf- lets oblong, undulate, shining. Fruit hemi- spherical. Closely allied to R. lucida, of which it is very likely a variety. {Dec. Prod.) Petals always multiplied, smaller than those of R. lucida ; briglit red. Fruit deep red. Sepals compound. A tall straggling bush. North America, in the warmer states. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced '?. Flowers double, bright red; June to August. Fruit deep red ; ripe in October. Only known in its double-flowered state in British gardens, where it is a freely growing hardy plant, with large double flowers. jt 9. R. PARViFLO^RA Ekrh. The small-flowered, or Pennsylvanian, Rose. Identification. Ehrh. Beltr., 4. p. 21.; Don's Mill., 2. p 565 '^'Jnonymes. R humilis JV/««A Arb. 136 ; R. caroliniana M/eA. Fl Bar. Amer. 1. p.2M.; R. ?^l,f"'^y ''If '■'''■ "o>-t- Kew. cd.2. vol.3, p. 260. ; Pennsylvanian Rose, Lawr. Ros. t. 3. and c. bt) , and of the nurseries. Engraving. Smith Insect. Georg., 1. p. 49. t. 25. Spec. Char., ^-c. Dwarf. Stipules linear. Prickles acicular. Leaflets lan- ceolate, smoothish, sharply serrated. Calyxes clammy. Flowers usually Y 3 558. R. Riipa. 326 AKBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. in pairs. (Don's Mill.) A low weak shrub. North Ame- rica, on the declivities of hills, in the states of New York and Carolina. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers pale blush; June to August. Fruit red; ripe in October. Variefi/. J, 11. p. 2 flore pleno Red. Ros. 2. p. 73., and our fs. 559. — Flowers double, pale blush, unexpanded. A neat little rose, but not in very general cul- tivation. 539. fi. parvinbra flore pleno. a 10. R. i-HAXiNiFo^LiA Bork. The Ash-leaved Rose. Identification. Bork. Holz., 301. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .'566. Synonymes. R. virginiana Mtll. Diet. No. 10. ; R. blftnda a Sol. MSS. Jacq. Fragm. 70. t. 105. R. corymbftsa Rose Die. d'Ajir. ex Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. p. 272. ? ; R. alpina /3 Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 26.'). ; R. alpina laeVis Red. Ros. 1. p. 57., Lawr. Ros. t. 7-5. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 4-58. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 75. ; andour^g. 560 Spec. Char., S,-c. Tall, unarmed. Branches straight, glaucescent. Ijeaflcts opaque, undulated, and gla- brous. {Don's Mill.) Branches dark purple, with a pale blue bloom. Flowers small, red, in few- flowered cymes. Fruit naked, small, round or ovate, of a dull pale red. A glabrous shrub. Native of Newfoundland, and on the nortii-west coast of America. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ?. Flow- ers red ; May and June. Fruit dull pale red ; ripe in September. Other North-American Species. — R. Woods/i Lindl., R. Carolina Lin., R. Lindleyi Spreng., are described in our first edition ; and the first two are in Messrs. Loddiges's collection. B. Species Natives of Nepal. S60. R.^3!;inif61ia, m; R. macrophv'lla Lindl. The long-leaved Rose. 34 11 Identification. Lindl. Ros. Monog., p.35. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. Engravings. Lindl. Ros. Monog., t. 6. ; and our fig. 561. Spec. Char., ifc. Unarmed. Leaves very long; leaf- lets 5 — 11, lanceolate. Petioles with a few glands, which, as well as the leaflets, are woolly beneath. Sepals narrow, longer than the petals, which are apic^ilated. (Don's Mill.) A smooth shrub. Gos- sainthan. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers red, on villous peduncles, and furnished with a few unequal setaj, as well as the fruit. Dr. Lindley observes of this rose, that its leaves are the largest he has ever seen ; that it cannot be confounded with any thing else ; and that it may be considered the link between Cinnam6me;e and Pimpi- nelHfoliiE. Horticultural Society's Garden. C. Species Natives of Continental Europe. Sk 12. R. cinnamo'mea Besl. The Cmxiamon-scented Rose. Identification. Besl. Hort. Eyst. Vern. Ord,, fi. p. 5. ; Lin. Sp., 703. •• Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. Synoni/mes. R. foecundipsima Munch. Uausv. 5. p. 279., Fl. Dan. t. 1214.; R. majalis nerm. Diss. 8. Engravings. Lindl. Ros., t. 5. ; Fl. Dan., t. 1214. ; and our fig. 5C2. Spec. Char., <.S-r. Tall, cinereous. Branches straight. Prickles stipular, straightish. Stipules dilated, undulated. Leaflets oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, tomentose beneath. (Don's Mill.) Flowers solitary, or 2 — 3 together. 5fil. «. macroiihylla. ptiol XXVI. iJOSACE^: fio SA. 327 pale or bright red. Fruit roiinti, naked, and crimson. The double-flowered variety is most common in gar- dens. An upright shrub. Native of most parts of Europe, and a doubtful native of England. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers pale or bright red ; May and June. Fruit crimson ; ripe in September. A very desirable sort, on account of its fragrance, which resembles that of cinnamon. There is a semi- doutile variety ; and the single state is supposed to be identical with R. majalis below. 562. R- cinnamomea. Other European Species not Natives of Biitain. — R. frutetorum Bess., R. tai'irica Bieb., and R. dahurica Pall., are described in our first edition, and the first two are in Messrs. Lod- diges's collection. D. Species Natives of Britain, J* 13. 7?. (c.) maja'lis Retz. The May Rose. Identification. Retz. Obs. Bot., 3. p. 33. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. Synonyjnes. R. mutica Ft. Dan. 6S8. ; R. spinosissima Gorier. Ingr. 78. ; R. collincola Ehr. Beilr. 2. p. 70. ; R. cinnamdraea Eng. Bot. 2388. Engravings. Fl. Dan., t. 688. ; Eng. Bot.,t. 2388. ; and oar fig. 563. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Dwarf grey. Branches straight, coloured. Prickles scattered, nearly equal. Stipules linear. Leaf- lets oblon_', flat, glaucous, and tomentose beneath. {Do)t. Engravings. Eng. 15ot., t. 2459. ; and our fig. 690. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets rounded, bluntish, downy all over. Fruit globose, rather depressed, partly bristly. Sepals slightly compound. Branches without bristles. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub. Europe, in hedges ; in Britain, in bushy rather mountainous situations in Wales, Scot- land, and the North of England. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers red or pink ; July. Fruit purple ; ripe Sept. Varieties. R. gracilis Woods, R. Sherardi Davies, R. syl- vestris Lindl., are described in our first edition. Avery variable plant. (See No. 29. p. 332.) ^j,„ „.,„„,,. s .S6. R. TOMENTO^SA Smith. The tomentose, or woolly-leaved. Rose. Identificntion. Smith Fl. Brit., 539.; Eng. Bot, 990.; Don's Mill-, 2. p. .576. Syiumyyiies. R. \\\\h&a.Ehrh. Arb. p. 45., Dti Roi Harbk. 2. p. 341., Fl. Dan., t. 1458., R. mollissima Bdrk. Holz. p. 307. ; R- duDia Wibcl Wirth. p. 2C3. ; R. vill6sa ^ Iluds. 219. „ Engravings. Red. Ros., 2. p. 39. and p. 88. ; Eng. Bot., t 9J0. , and ourj'jg. 591. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets ovate, acute, more or less ^ downy. Fruit .elliptical, hispid. Sepals pinnate. £91. R. toment6fla. \4 XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : RO SA. 337 Prickles slightly curved. Petals white at the base. A rambling shrub. (Don's Mili.) Europe, in hedges and thickets ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. § vii. Ruhiginbs(B Lindl. Derivation. From rubiginosus, rusty ; the leaves of the species being usually furnished with rust- coloured glands beneath. Sect. Char., Sfc, Prickles unequal, sometimes bristle-formed, rarely wanting. Leaflets ovate or oblong, glandular, with diverging serratures. Sepals per- manent. Disk thickened. Root-shoots arched. The numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will be suflicient to prevent anything else being referred to this section ; and although R. tomentosa has sometimes glandular leaves, the inequality of the prickles of the species of Rubigi- nosse, and their red fruit, will clearly distinguish them. {Deri's AlilL, ii. p. 577.) — This division includes ail the eglantine, or sweet-briar roses, which are for the most part erect or erectish bushes with deciduous leaves. Na- tives of Britain, Middle Europe, and Caucasus. A. Species Katiics of Britain, \ s 37. R. RUBIGINO^SA Lin. The rusty-leaved Rose, Sweet Briar, or Eglantine. Identification. Lin. Mant., 2. p. 594. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 604. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 577. Synonymes. R. suavifdlia Ligh/f. Scot. 1. p. 261., Ft. Dan. t. 870.; R. E^tantiria Mill. Diet. No. 4., Lin. Sp. edit. 1. p. 491. ; R. agrestis Savi Fl. Pis. p. 475. ; R. rubiginosa parviflora Rau. Enum. 135. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 991. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 41. 61. 65. 72. and 74. ; and our fig. 592. Spec. Char., c^c. Prickles hooked, compressed, with ^^^j smaller straighter ones interspersed. Leaflets elliptical, doubly serrated, hairy, clothed beneath with rust-coloured glands. Sepals pinnate, ant: bristly, as well as the peduncles. Fruit obovate, bristly towards the base. (Doris Mill.) A ram- bling shrub. Europe, and Caucasus ; in Britain, in bushy places, on a dry gravelly or chalky soil. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit scarlet, obovate or elliptic ; ripe in September. Leaves sweet-scented when bruised. Varieties, Eleven are described in our first edition. Some of the best for a rosarium are, the blush, cluster, double, dwarf, semidouble, mossy, scarlet, tree double, and white seinidouble. 592. R. rubiginosa. ^ 38. R. micra'ntha Sm. The small-flowered Rose, or Sweet Briar. 'rntification. Smith in Eng. Bot., t. 2490 ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 678. lunyme. R. rubigin6sa /3 micrftntha Li7idl. Ros. p. 87., with erroneous \\ nonymes. piravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2490. ; and our^g*. 593, 594. ^<>ec. Char., S^c. Prickles hooked, scattered, nearly uni- form. Leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, hairy, glandular beneath. Sepals pinnate. Fruit elliptic, rather bristly, contracted at the summit. Stems straggling. (Don's Mill.) A bush with arched shoots, andstrag- gling branches. Britain, in hedges and thickets, chiefly in the South of England. Height .5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers ,small, pale red ; June and July. Fruit coral red, ovate ; ripe in September. '; 3fe 39. R. SE^piuM Thuil. The Hedge Rose, or Briar. \ntificatio^. Thuil. Fl. Par., 252.; Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 20.53.; Don's Mill. 2 p. S78. ■I""?"',": h;"''t''^\''^ ''".t^- '«>;''«'^1'^ """ ; •« canina /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. ed. 3. No. 3617. ; R. S^Desv i-,i P-474.; ii. biserrita, R. macrocarpa, and R. stipularis Mer. Fl. tar. 190. ■>,:rat»ings. Eng. Bot. Suppl.. t. 2653. ; and our fig. ,595. ! Z 593. R. micrdntha. 338 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 595. R. stpiiim. Spec. Char., Sf-c Prickles slender. Branches flexuous. Leaf- lets shinini,', acute at both ends. Flowers usually solitary. Fruit polished. Sepals pinnate, with very narrow segment:^. (Don's Alil/.) A densely branched bush. Europe, in hedges ; in England, near Bridport, Warwickshire. Height 4 ft. to 6ft. Flowers small, pale yellowish pink; June and July. Fruit small, oblong-ovate, scarlet ; ripe in September. a 40. R. INODO^RA. The scentless Rose. Identification. Eng. Bot, Suppl., 2610. ; Hood ed. 2.-232. Sytionytms. R. dumetbrum Eng. Bot. 2.579. ; R. Borrer; Smith Eng. Fl. 239H., Don's Mill. 2. p. 580. ; M. rubiginbsa var. inodbra Lindl. Ros. Monog. 101. Engravings. Eng. Bot. 2579. ; and our Jig. 596. Sj}ec. Cliar., ^-c. Prickles hooked. Leaflets ovate ; doubly serrated, without glands. Sepals pinnate, often doubly pinnate, deciduous. Flower stalks aggregate, hairy. Fruit elliptical, smooth. (Dons Mill.) A stout bush. Britain. Not very un- frequenti in hedges and thickets. Height 6 ft. to 7 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit elliptic, or nearly globose, scarlet. The foliage has, notwithstanding the specific name, a scent more or less faint, according to the number of glands *9°- '*■ i''"^^^- developed in different individuals ; but it resembles rather the turpentine odour of the plants of the preceding section than the fragrance of the sweet briar. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. jB, 41. R. lu'tea Dodon. The yellow Eglmitine Rose. Identification. Dodon. Pempt., 187. ; Mill. Diet., No. 11. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .577. Synonymes. R. Eglantiria Lin. Sp. 703, Red. Ros. 1. p. 69. ; R. foe'tida Herm. Diss. 18. ; R. chlorophylla Ehr/t. Beitr. 2. p. 69. ; R. cSrea Rossig. Ro.i. t. 2. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 12. ; Bot. Mag., t.363. ; Red. Ros., l.p.69.; liossig. Ros., t. 2. ; and our fig. 597- Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles straight. Leaflets deep green. Sepals nearly entire, setigerous. Petals flat, concave. Flowers deep yellow, large, cup-shaped, solitary. Fruit unknown. A branchy shrub. Germany and the South of France. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Litroduced in 1596. Flowers deep yellow ; June. Varieties. j» R. /. 2 sid)riihra Red. Ros. iii. p. 73., with a fig. hispid and glandular. Leaves and petioles glabrous. Stem pricklyi at the base. Prickles unequal, scattered. Petals of a lurid reel above, and yellowish beneath. Stigmas yellow. (Don's Mill.) j» R. /. 3 punicca Lindl. Ros. p. 84. ; R. pu- nicea Mill. Diet. No. 12., Rossig. Ros. t. 5. ; R. rinnamomea Roth Fl. Germ. i. p. 217. ; R. lutea bicolor Jacq. Find. i. t. 1., Laivr. Ros. t. 6., Bot. Mag. t. 1077. ; R. Eglanteria punfcea Red. Ros. i, p. 71. t. 24."; R. Eglajitcria bfcolor Dec. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 437. ; and our fig. 598. ; has the petals scarlet above, and yellow beneath. jn R. I. i; flare plaw. Williams's double yellow Sweet Briar. — A ven beautiful variety, and a free flowerer, raised from seeds by Mr. VV i Hams of Pitmaston. Horticultural Society's Garden. I J. R. /. 5. H6n nil D. Don in Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 410. Hogg's ycllo\ 5'J7. a. liltea. . Peduncles rather| R. 1. punicea. 1^)1, I XXVI. ROSA CEJE : RO SA. 339 American Rose. — Pretty, and a free flowerer. Raised by Mr. Hogg, [ nurseryman, in New York, from seeds of the single yellow rose. j Horticultural Society's Garden. ! Otkcr Species belonging to this Section. — R. iberica Smith, native of Eastern 1 Iberia ; R. glutinosa Smith, native of (lireece ; R. Kliikii Bess,, native of ' Tauria ; R. suaveolens Piirsh, native of North America ; and R. Montezumc^ Humb., native of Mexico, are described in our first edition. § viii. CanincE Lindl. Derivation. From caninus, belonging to a dog : because R. canina is commonly called the dog rose. The name is applied to this section, because all the species contained in it agree in character with R. canina. Sect. Char., Sfc. Prickles equal, hooked. Leaflets ovate, glandless or glan- I dular, with the serratures conniving. Sepals deciduous. Disk thickened, closing the throat. Larger suckers arched. {Don's Mill.) Deciduous, but some sub-evergreen. — Chiefly bushes, but partly sarmentose and procumbent. Natives of Britain, Middle Europe, and Asia. 34 42. A. Species Motives of Rritain. R. CANi^NA Lin. The common Dog Rose. 599. R. canina. identification. Lin. Sp., 704. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .W9. Iynonymes. R. duraMis Bechst. Forstb. 241. and 939. ex Ran. ; R. ande- gavensis Bat. Fl. Main, et Loir. 189., Red. Ros. 2. p. 9. t. 3. ; R. glaiica /,o«. in 'Desv. Journ. ; li. arvensis Sclirank Fl. Mon. ; R. glauceicens Mer. Par. ; R. nitens Mer. 1. c. ; R. teneriflensis Donn Hort. Cant. f(l. 8. p. 16'J. ; R. senticosa Achar. Acad. Handl. 34. p. 91. t. 3. iigravings. Eng. Bot., t. 'jU2. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 21. 29. ; and our fig. 599. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles strong, hooked. Leaflets sim|)ly serrated, pointed, quite smo.ith. Sepals pinnate. Fruit ovate, smooth, or rather bristly, like the aggregate flower stalks. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub. Europe generally, and the North of Africa ; plentiful in Britain, in hedges, woods, and thickets. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers rather large, pale red, seldom white ; June and J;il\ Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Variety. afe R. c. 2 aciphylla Lindl. Ros. p. 99.; R. aciphylla Ran. 69. with a fig.. Red. Ros. ii. p. 31. t. 13. ; and our figs. 600, 601.; is a very remarkable variety, from the .straightness of its I shoots, and its singular habit of growth. The leaves are smooth on both surfaces, and the flowers are smaller than those of the species. Other Varieties. Seventeen are described in our irst edition. ™'- «• <:• ^-^iphs''*- Tuit ovate, bright scarlet, of a peculiar and very grateful flavour, especially if r le into a conserve with sugar. The pulp of the 'it besides .saccharine matter, contains citric acid, vch gives it an acid taste. The pulp, before it is ujl, should be carefully cleared from the nuts or ''Is. Numerous varieties. 43. 7?. Fo'rster/ Sm. Forster's Dog Rose. ^ aicalion. .Smith Eng. Fl., 2. p. 392.; Bor. in Eng. Bot. , I'l., 2611. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 580. 'tjme. R. colKna /3 and y Woods in lAn. Trans. 12. p. 392. nvings. Eng. Bot Suppl., t. 2C11. ; and our fig. 602. Char., c^r. Prickles scattered, conical, hooked. z 2 ft canph^la. 602. n. Fdrster/. 340 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaflets simply serrated, smooth above, but hairy on the ribs beneath. Sepals doubly pinnate. Fruit elliptical, smooth, like the aggregate flower stalks. {Doiis Mill.) A large shrub. Native of Europe, in hedges; plenti- ful in England. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers pale red ; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. 3fe 44. R. DUMETo^RUM ThuUl. The Thicket Dog Rose. Identification. Thuil. Fl. Par., 250. ; Bor. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2610.; Don's Miir., 2. p. 580. Synonymes. R. leucantha ,8 acutifWia Bast, in Tiec. Fl. Fr. 5. p. 535. ; R. sd- pium Borkh. ex Rau. Enum. 79. ; R. solstitialis Bess. Prim. FL Gall. 324. ; R. corymbifera Gmel. Fl. Bad. Ah. 2. p. 427. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl , t. 2610. ; and out Jig. 603. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles numerous, scattered, hodked. Leaflets simply serrated, hairy on both surfaces. Sepals pinnate, deciduous. Peduncles aggregate, slightly hairy Fruit elliptical, smooth, as long as the bracteas. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Europe, in hedges ; and found in England, in the southern counties, but seldom in any abundance. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers reddish ; June and July scarlet ; ripe in September. 603. R. dtimetbrum. Fruit The sarmentaceous Dog Rose. ^ 43. R. SARMENTA^CEA SwUrtZ Woods in Lin. Trans., 12. p. 213. ; Don's Distrib. 45. ; R. canlna Rol/i 604. R. >arinenl4ce»- Identification. Swartz MSS Mill., 2. p. 580. Synony?nes. R. glaucophylla K'inch Geogr. Fl. Germ. 2. p. 560. Engravings. Curt. Lond., fasc. 5. t.34. ; and our fig. 604. vpec. Char., S(c. Prickles hooked. Leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, smooth, glandular. Peduncles aggregate, smooth or minutely bristly. Sepals pinnate, deciduous. Fruit broadly elliptic, naked. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub. Europe, common in hedges and bushy places ; plentiful in Britain. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers pink, and fra- grant ; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. The fruit is as grateful to the palate, probably, as that of R. canina, with which this equally common plant is generally confounded. This is the species most commonly made choice of as a stock for garden roses. at 46. R. CiE^siA iSw?. The grey Dog Rose. Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., t. 2367. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 580. Synonymes. R. canlna pubescens Afx,. Ros. Suec. Tent. 1. p. 2. : p. 99. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2.S67. ; and our fig. 605 Spec. Char., cj-c. Prickles hooked, uniform. Leaflets elliptical, somewhat doubly serrated, glaucous, hairy be- neath, without glands. Sepals distantly pinnate, de- ciduous. Flower stalks smooth, solitary. Fruit elliptical, smooth. (Dons Mill.) A rambling shrub. Scotland, in the Highland valleys, but rare ; at Taymilt, in Mid- Lorn, Argyleshire ; and in Strath Tay, between Dun- keld and Aberfeldie, and by the side of Loch Tay. Height 4 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers generally of a uniform carnation hue, but occasionally white ; July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. a 47. R. RUBRiFoYiA VUl. The red-leaved Dog Rose. Identification. Vill. Dauph., 3. p. 549. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 581. Synonymc.f. R. multilibra Reun. Ac/. Lnus \ p. 70. t. 6. ; R. rubicunda Hall. fil. in Roem. An.^. 3. p. .376. ; R lilrida Atidr. Ros. ; R. cinnam&mea y rubrifblia Red. Ros. 1. p. 134. Engravings. Bell, in Act. Taur., 1790, p. 229. t. 9. ; Jacq. Fragra., 70. t. 106. ; Red. Ros., 1 P- 3-- t. 4. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 430. ; and our fig. 606. R. canina J cse'sia Lindl. Rot 605. it. ck'»ti. XXVI. iJOSACE.E: ROSA. 341 >pec. Char., ^-c. Prickles small, distant. Leaflets ovate, and, as well as the branches, glabrous, opaque, discoloured. Sepals narrow, entire. Fruit ovate, globose, smooth. Flowers corymbose. Peduncles smooth. (Don's Aim.) A large shrub. Dauphine, Austria, Savoy, Pyrenees, and Auvergne, in woods. Height 5 ft to 6 ft. Flowers red ; June and July. Fruit scar- let ; ripe in September. Stems red. Leaves red at the edges. Flowers mall. Sepals narrow, longer than the petals. A <;^ brub, producing a pleasing effect in a shrubbery, •om the pinkness of its foliage. At the funeral f Viilars, who first named and described this rose, ranches and flowers of it were cut and strewed ver his grave. There are several varieties described 1 our first edition. C. Species Natives of Asia. 60 , R. Tubritolia. a 48. R. cauca'sea Pall. The Caucasian Dog Rose. ientiflcation. Pall. Ross., t. 11. ; Lindl. Ros., p. 97. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 579. t/nonyme. R. leucantha Bieb. Ft. Taur. Suppl. 351. ? ngravings. Lind. Uos., t. 11. ; and oiirfig. 607. 'pec. Char., l^c. Prickles strong, recurved. Leaflets soft, ovate, glaucous. Calyx and peduncles hispid. Sepals simple. Fruit smooth. Flowers large, growing in bunches. (Don's Mill.) A robust shrub. Siberia. Height 10ft. to 12ft. Introduced in 1798. Flowers white or pale red; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in September. 607. A. cauc^Aeo. 608. R. Indica. 601^. R. tndica Noi:>«;tliii'(u * 49. R. i'ndica L. The Indian, or common China, Rose. Icntiflcatim. Lin. Sp., 705. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 581. ii/nonymes. K sinica Lin. St/st. Veg. ed. 13. p. 398. ; R. semperflftrens cfernea Rossig. Ros. t. 19. ; R (ndlca chinensis semipldna Ser. Mel. 1. p. 31. ; R. reclinata fl6re suhmultiplici Red. Ros. p. 79-; the monthly Rose, the blush China Rose, the Tea-scented Rose ; Rosier Indien, Rose Th^, Fr. ; liidische Rose, Gcr. '■:ngravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 26. ; Red. Ros., I. p. 51. t. 142., p. 35. t. 15. ; and oar fig. 608. above. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem upright, whitish, or green, or purple. Prickles stout, falcate, distant. Leaflets 3 — 5; ovate-acuminate, coriaceous, shining, glabrous, serrulate ; the surfaces of different colours. Stipules very nar- row, connate with the petiole, almost entire or serrate. Flowers solitary, or in panicles. Stamens bent inwards. Peduncle sub-articulate, mostly thickened upwards, and with the calyx smooth, or wrinkled and bristly. {Dec. Prod.) Sub-evergreen. China, near Canton. Height 4 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. in 17H9 z 3 342 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICU Flowers red, usually semidouble ; April to November. Pruit red ; ripe in September. One of the most valuable of garden roses. Varieties. There are numerous varieties and hybrids of this beautiful rose. The following are quite distinct ; and may each be considered the type of a long Hst of subvarieties : — St R. i. 2 Xoisett'nma Ser. in Dec. Prorf. ii. p. 600., Don's Mill. ii. p. 581.; Jig. 609. above. — Stem firm, and, as well as the branches, prickly. Stipules nearly entire. Flowers panicled, very numerous, semi- double, pale red. Styles exserted. Raised in North America, from an accidental cross between R. indica and R. moschata, and the plants being sold to Philip Noisette, his name w-as given to this variety. It was first brought to England by Mr. Fraser. This well-known and very beautiful rose is almost invaluable in a shrubbery, from its free and vigorous growth, and the profusion of its flowers, which are continually being produced during the whole summer. Numerous subvarieties have been raised of the Noisette rose, some of the most distinct of which are. the R. i. iV". purpiina of Redonte, which has red flowers ; R. i. N. 7iivea, the Aime Vil ert of the French nurseries, which has double white flowers ; R. i. N. SmitliH, Smith's yellow Noisette rose, t!ie flowers of which are very double, of a deeper yellow than the double yellow China rose (R. i. ochroleiica), and disposed in clustered corymbs of from 10 to 22, and are highly fragrant. 4i R. i. 3 odorathsima Lindl. Ros. p. 106., Bot. Ren, t. 864., Don's Mill. ii. p. 582. ; R. odoratissinia Swt. Hoit. Sub. Lond. ; R. indica fragrans Red. Ros. i. p. 6. t. 19. ; and our Jig. 61C/. ; the sweetest, or tea-scented, China Rose ; Rose ii Odeur de The, Fr. ; has semidouble flowers, of a most delicious fragrance, strongly resembling the scent of the finest green tea. There are numerous subvarieties. '^ R. i. 4 longifoUa Lindl. Ros. folia Willd. Enuvi. ii. 1079. 7^. scmperflorens var.7. N. Du Ham. vii. p. 22. ; R. salicifolia Hort. ; and our^g. 611.; has the stems nearly unarmed, and long lanceolate leaf- lets. R. i. 5 pumila Lindl. Ros. p. 106. is a dwarf variety, with purplish flowers, having ovate petals. R. i. 6 caryophtjllea Red. Ros. iii. p. 59. has the flowers in a kind of panicle, and the leaflets large and thin. R. i. 7 pannosa Red. has the stems and branches prickly ; the leaflets ovate, and red beneath, w ith the stipules so finely denticulated as to give them somewhat of a fringed or pannose appear- ance. Flowers drooping a little, purple on the outside, and with the inner petals rose-coloured. R. i. 8 cruenta Red., and Don's Mill. ii. p. 582. ; differing from the above principally in having the stems and branches almost unarmed, and the stipules almost entire. i. 9Frasmana Hort. Brit. ^.2\\., and Z>o«'j ilf?7/. ii. p. 582. — A W %. 1(^^ *j10. R, i. odoradssima. p. 106. ; R. longi- Red Ros. ii. t. 27. ; 611. . longifblia. * R hybrid, with double pink flowers. XXVI. jROSA CEM : RO SA, 3i3 612. R. i. riiga. at R. i. 10 ruga Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1389., and ourJtg.6\2., has double, blush chang- ging to white, sweet-scented flowers. It is a hybrid between R. i. odoratissima and 7^. arvensis, brought from Italy, where it was raised by Mr. Clare. It grows freely, making shoots 10 or 12 feet long in a season. ^ R. i. 1 1 ochroleucn Bot. Reg. has large cream-coloured flowers, deepening almost intojk'ellow in the centre. It was intro- duced by Mr. Parks in 1824, and appears to have been since lost. ^ R. i. \2 Jlavescens. — This, Mr. Gordon assures us, is the true tea-scented yellow China Rose, and not the preceding variety, which is generally considered as such, and con- founded with it. s R. i. 13 Blairu D. Don in Sivl. Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 405., and our /^. 613. —Raised in 1830, by Mr. Blair, from seeds of the yellow China rose, which had been fecundated by the pollen of the Tuscan rose. A robust plant, lemarkable for the size of its leaves and flowers. Petals purple, but yellow at the base, especially towards the centre of the flower. Fragrant, and a free flowerer. ,,, „ . ,., . 613. R. i. Blarrii. '^ 50. R. semperflo'rens Curt. The everflowering China Rose. Idenlification. Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 284. ; Smith Exot. Bot., 2. p. 91. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 582. Synonymes. R. diversift)lia Vent. Cels. t. 35. ; R. bengalensis Pers. Ench. 2. p. 50. ; R. Indica Red. Ros. 1. p. 49. t. 13. Engravings. Law. Ros., t. 23.; N. Du Ham., vii. t. 18.; and our/g. 614. of a double French variety. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches dark green, armed with scattered, compressed, hooked prickles, and a very few glands. An erectish sub-evergreen shrub. Leaflets 3 — 5, ovate-lanceolate, crenate- serrated, shining above, but glaucous and slightly setigerous beneath. Sepals compound, narrow. Fruit spherical. (Don^s Mill.) China. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers solitary, single, or semidouble, deep crimson ; April to November. Fruit red ; ripe September. There are some very splendid varieties of this species, with semidouble crimson flowers. They are all free growers, and abundant flowerers ; and few plants are more ornamental against the walls of a cottage. 614. R. semperflorens. »t 51. R. LAWRENCE>4^Ar.4 Swt. Miss Lawrence's China Rose. Identification. Sweet Hort. Suburb. ; Lindl. Ros., p. 110. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 582. Synonymes. R. semperflbrens minima Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1762. ; R. fndica var. a. acuminata Red. Ros. 1. p. 53. : ."f. indica Lawrenceuna Red. Ros. 2. p. 38. Engravings. Red. Ros., 1. p. 53. ; and out fig. 615. Spec. Char., ^-c. D\\arf. Prickles large, stout, nearly straight. Leaflets ovate acute, finely serrated. Petals acuminated. {Don's Mill.) A low .shrub. China. Height z 4 613. R. Lawrcncedmi. 344 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers small, single or semidouble, pale blush ; April to November. The beautiful little plants called Fairy Roses, or Miniature Roses, in Rivers's Abridged List, are nearly all varieties of R. LawrenceaHa ; and they are well worthy of culture, from their extreme dwarfness (often flowering when not more than 6 in. high), and the beautiful colour of their miniature rosebuds, the petals of which appear of a much darker hue than those of the expanded flower. Rivers enumerates five select varieties, of which he says the Gloire des Lawrencianas is one of the prettiest. _$ 32. R. sERi'cEA Lindl. The silky Rose. Identification. Lindl. Ros. Monog., p. lO.'). ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .581. Engravings. Lindl. Ros. Monog., t. 12. ; and our fig- G16. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles stipular, compressed. Leaflets? — 11, oblong, obtuse, serrated at the apex, silky beneath. Flowers solitary, bractless. Sepals entire, ending in long points. (Dons Mill.) A shrub. Gossainthan. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers ? pale red. Fruit in peduncles, naked. ^^^ „ ^^.^^^^ I § ix. Systtjlce Lindl. Derivation. From sun, together, and stulos, a stile ; in reference to the styles being connected. Sect. Char. Styles cohering together into an elongated column. Stipules adnate. The habit of this section is nearly the same as that of the last division. The leaves are frequently permanent. {Don's MilL) Deciduous, evergreen, or sub-evergreen, and mostly climbing. Middle Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. Natives of Britain, A. Species Natives of Britain, and other Parts of Europe. 1 jt 53. R. sy'styla Bat. The connate-styled Rose, Identification. Bat. Fl. Main, et Loir. Suppl., 31. ; Don's Mill . 2. p. 582. Synom/mes. R. colllna Smith in £«?. Bot. t. 1805. ; R. stylbsa Desv R. brcvistvla Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. p. 537. ; R. bibracteata Dec. 1. c; R. s^s'tyla a ovata ii'rerf/ Ros. p. 111. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1895. ; and our fig. 617. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shoots assurgent. Prickles strong, hooked. Peduncles glandular. Sepals pinnate, deciduous. Styles smooth. Floral receptacle conical. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub. France and England, in hedges and tjiickets ; common in Sussex ; in the South of Scotland, on hills. Heiglit 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers fragrant, pink or almost white ; May to July. Fruit scarlet, ovate oblong. There are several varieties, but they do not difl^er materially in appearance from the species. Journ. Bot. 1. p. 317. 017. «. sjstyla. 1 J. S-t. R. akve'nsis Huds. The Field Rose. Identification. Huds. Fl. Angl., ed. 1. p. 192. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 596. , Svnont/mes. fl. sylvestris H/?ra. D/ss. p. 10. ; fl. scandens il/a?ncA JVeiis. PI. p. 118. ; fl. herpc- "rhodon Ehrh. Beitr. 2. p. 69. ; fl. Halleri Krok. Sites. 2. p. 1.50. ; fl. fusca Mcench Melh. p. 688.; R. serpens Ehrh. Arbor, p. 3.5. ; fl. sempervirens Rossig. Ros. ; fl. repens Gmel. Fl. Bad. Als. 2. p 418 Jacq. Fragm. p. 69. t. 104. ; fl. r&mpans Rcyn. Mem. haus. 1. p. 69. t. 5. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 188. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2054. ; and o\afig. 618. Spec. Char., ^c. Shoots cord-like. Prickles unequal and falcate. Leaves de- ciduous, and composed of 5 — 7 glabrous, or indistinctly ciliated, leaflets, glau- cescent beneath. Stipules divei-ging at the tip. Flowers solitary or globose. I 618. H. aiviinsis. Leaflets ovate, XXVI. ifosA^cE^ : iio'sA. 345 Sepals almost entire, short. Stjles cohering into an elongated glabrous column. Fruit ovate, or ovate-globose, coriaceous, crimson, glabrous, or a little hispid, as well as the peduncles. {Dec. Prod.) Trailing, or climbing, decidu- ous ; in some situations sub-evergreen. Europe, in many places; in England, in hedges and thickets and the borders of fields, chiefly in the midland counties. Stems 20 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers white ; July. Fruit dark blood- coloured ; ripe in September. Varieties. Several varieties are enumerated in catalogues ; the following appear distinct, and of general interest : — ^ .^ a_ !U R. a. 2 ai/reshirea Ser. R. capreolata NeiLt in Edin. Phil. Journ. No. 3. p. 102. — Sub-evergreen. Prickles slender, very acute, sharply serrated, thin, nearly of the same colour on both surfaces. Peduncles hispid with glanded hairs, or wrinkled. A vigorous- growing climber, producing shoots sometimes 20 ft. in length in one season, and flowering profusely from the middle of May to the middle of September. One of the hardiest of climbing roses, and particularly useful for covering naked walls, or unsightly roofs. Cul- tivated in British gardens under the name of the Ayrshire Rose, i -i R. a. 3 hyhrida Lindl. Ros. 113. has semidouble flowers, of a most delicate flesh colour, and is called, in the nurseries, the double hip rose ; the term hip rose being applied by gardeners to the com- monest wild roses. In open situations, a trailing plant, sometimes rooting at the joints ; but, in hedges and among bushes, a climber by elongation ; reaching to their tops, and covering them with tufts of foHage and flowers ; the leaves remaining on late in the season ; and the fruit often remaining on all the winter. The shoots are, in general, feeble, much divided, and entangled ; and they gene- rally produce, here and there, rugged excrescences, which readily take root. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. fl- !U 35. i2. (a.) semhervi^rens Lin. The evergreen (Field) Rose. Identification. Lin. .Sp., 70i. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 597. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 583. Synonymes. H. scandens Mill. Diet. No. 8. ; R. balearica Desf. Cat. Pers. Ench. 2. p. 49. ; R. atrovlrens Viv. Fl. Ital. i. t. 6. ; R. sempervlrens globdsa Red. Ros. 2., with a fig. ; R. semper- vlrens var. a. sc&ndens Dec. Fl. Fr. 5. p. 533. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 45. ; Bot. Reg., t. 459. ; and our ^g. 619. Spec. Char., S^c. Evergreen. Shoots climbing. Prickles pretty equal, falcate. Leaves of 5 — 7 leaflets, that are green on both sides, coriaceous. Flowers almost solitary, or in corymbs. Sepals nearly entire, longish. Styles cohering into an elongate pilose column. Fruit ovate or ovate globose, orange-coloured. Peduncles mostly hispid with glanded hairs. Closely allied to R. arvensis, but diflering in its being evergreen, in its leaves being coriaceous ; and in its stipules being subfalcate, and more acute at the tip. [^Dec. Prod.) A vigorous evergreen climber. France, Portugal, Italy, at Peestum and other places, Greece, and the Balearic Islands. Stem 20 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured ; June to August. Fruit orange-coloured ; ripe in September. Varieties. Several varieties are enumerated in catalogues ; those which we consider best worth mentioning are, — 619. H. semiie.virtr.s. 346 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 -4 li. (fi.) s. 2 Hiissellmna, raised from seed by Mr. Sinclair of the New Cross Nursery. A very strong-growing variety, quite deciduous, with blush flowers. 1 -* R. (a.) s. 3 Cldrel The Rose Clare. (Bot. Reg., t. 14.38.) —An ele- gant variety, with deep red flowers. Both these varieties are as much entitled to be considered species, as many so designated in this enumeration. Used for the same purposes as the Ayrshire rose ; from which it differs in re- taining its leaves the greater part of the winter, and in its less vigorous shoots. C. Species Natives of Asia, and One of them of Africa, -i 56. R. MULTiFLO^RA Tkuiib. The many-flowered Rose. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., 214. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 698. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 58.3. Si/nojiymes. R. fliiva Donn Hori. Cant. ed. 4. p. 121. ; R. florida Pair. Suppl. ; R. diffusa Roxb. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1059. ; Bot. Reg., t. 425. ; and our^^. 620. Spec. Char., S(C. Branches, peduncles, and calyxes tomentose. Shoots very long. Prickles slender, scattered. Leaflets 3 — 7, ovate-lanceolate, soft, finely wrinkled. Stipules pectinate. Flowers in corymbs, and, in many instances, very numerous. Buds ovate globose. Sepals short. Styles protruded, incompletely grown together into a long hairy column. i^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous climbing shrub. Japan and China. Stems 10 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Produces a profusion of clustered heads of single, semi- double, or double, white, pale red, or red, flowers in June and July. Fruit bright red ; ripe in September. Varieties. 1 R. m. 2 GrevUle'x Hort. R. Roxburgh;/ Hort. ; R. platyphjlla Red. Ros. p. 69. ; e,„. „. „„,mn„r.,. The Seven Sisters Rose. (Our^g. 621.) — A beautiful variety, with much larger and more double flowers, 621. R. multiflftra GreTillei. of a purplish colour. No climbing rose better deserves cultivation XXVI. KOSA CE^ : ROSA. 347 against a wall. It is easily known from R. multiflora by the fringed edge of the stipules ; while those of the common R. multiflora (}?g. 621. a) have much less fringe, and the leaves are smaller, with the leaflets much less rugose. The form of the blossoms and corymbs is pretty nearly the same in both. A rapid-growing variety, producing shoots 18 ft. to 20 ft. long in a season, flowering profusely for two or three months, but only of three or four years duration, t R. m. 3 Boursaidt'y Hort., Boursault's Rose, is placed, in Don's Mdlcr, under this species ; though it differs more from the preceding variety than many species do from each other. It is comparatively a hard- wooded durable rose, and valuable for flowering early and freely This is a very remarkable rose, from its petals having a reticulated appearance. The species is very distinct, and produces numerous blossoms, which con- tinue expanding for two months. The first variety, when well grown against a wall, forms one of the most beautiful of wall roses. This variety and the species may be considered as rather tender, but they will not thrive under glass. 1 ^ 37. R. Bruno'^// Lindl. Brown's Rose. Identification. Lindl. Ros. Monog. p. 120. t. 14. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 598. Smionyme. R. Br6wnij Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 556. Engravings. LindL Rosar. Monog., t. 14. ; and out Jig. 622. Spec. Char., <^c. Shoots trailing. Prickles of the stem stout and arched. Leaflets 5 — 7, lanceolate, pilose on both surfaces ; the under one glandulous, and of a different colour from the upper one. Stipules narrow, acute. Inflorescence corymbose. Pedun- cles and calyxes pilose, and a little hispid. Sepals entire, narrow, and longish. Styles cohering into a very long pilose column. Fruit ovate. Leaves simply serrated. Flowers in terminal bunches. (Dec. Prod.) A rambling shrub. Nepal. Stems 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white or pale red ; June and July. 622. R. Brun6ni(. 1 ^ 58. R. MOSCHA^TA Mi/l. The Musk Rose. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 13. ; Red. et Thor. Ros., 1. p. 33. ic., and p. 99. ic. Monog. p. 121. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 598. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 583. Synonymes. R. opsostemma Ehrh. lieitr. 2. p. 72. ; H. glandulifera Roxb. Engravings. Red. et Thor. Ros., 1. p. 33. ic, and p. 99. ic. ; and oar Jig. 623. Spec. Char., ^c. Shoots ascending. Prickles upon the stem slender, recurved. Leaflets 5 — 7, lanceolate, acuminate, nearly glabrous, the two surfaces of different colours. Stipules very narrow, acute. Flowers, in many in- stances, very numerous; white, with the claws of the petals yellow ; very fragrant. Lateral peduncles jointed, and, as well as the calyx, pilose, and almost hispid. Sepals almost pin- nately cut, long. Fruit red, ? ovate. (Dec.) A rambling shrub. North of Africa, extend- ing across the continent from Egypt to Mo- gador ; and in Madeira. Stems 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; July to October. Lindl. Rosar. nitKChitta. Varieties 1 jk R. m. 2 fibre plena G. Don. — Flowers double. 348 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2 R. ni, 3 nivea Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 861.; and our /^. 624.) R. nivea Duponf, not of Dec. ; i?. m. ? var. rosea Ser. in Dec. Prod. — Leaflets 3 — 5, ovate-cordate, subacuminate, large. Flowers disposed in an im- perfectly corymbose manner. Pe- duncle and • calyx a little hispid. Petals white, or pale rose-coloured, large, obcordate. This is a very beautiful variety : the petals are white, with a most delicate, yet rich, tinge of blush. _L -i R- w;. 4 ncpalemis Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 829. ; and our fig. 625.) differs from the species in having longer and acuminated sepals. Raised at Claremont, from Nepal seed, in 1824' Other Varieties. 624. R m. njvea. 626. A. m.nepal^nsis. In Rivers's Abridged List of Roses, published in 1840, the kinds recommended are, the Fringed, Princesse de Nassau, and Tea- scented ; the latter a h}brid, with large flowers of a pure white, with a peculiar habit and perfume. The branches of the musk rose are generally too weak to support, without props, its large bunches of flowers, which are produced in an umbel-like manner at their extremities ; and hence the plants require very little pruning. Being rather tender, it does bpst against a wall. The musky odour is very perceptible, even at some distance from the plant, particularly in the eve- ning ; and this musk gives the peculiar odour to the Persian attar of roses. D. Species Natives of North America. j± 59. li. flUBiFo^LiA R. Br. The Bramble-leaved Rose. Identification. R. Brown in Ait Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 260- ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 123. Jc. Dec. Prod., 2. p. .TOS. Engravings. Lindl. RoBar. Monog., t. 15. ; and our^. 626. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems ascending. Branches glabrous. Prickles scattered, falcate. Leaves pubescent beneath. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceo- late, serrate. Stipules narrow, entire. Flowers very small, of a ro.sy colour, mostly solitary. Buds ovate. Sepals ovate, short, simple. Pe- duncles and calyxes a little hispid. Styles cohering into a tomentose club-shaped column, as long as the stamens. Fruit pea-shaped. (Dec?) A shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers pale red ; August and September. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in October. § X. Banksikngs Lindl. Identification. Lindl. Ros., p. 125. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 584. Derivation. So called in consequence of all the species contained In this section agreeing In cha- racter with R. BanksfVc, a rose named in honour of Lady Banks. Sect. Char., ^c. Stipules nearly free, subulate, or very narrow, usually deci- duous. Leaflets usually ternate, shining. Stems climbing. The species of 626. rubifolia. 'J I II 'it' XXVI. 2JOSA CE^ : RO SA. 349 this section are remarkable for their long, graceful, and often climbing shoots, drooping flowers, and trifoliolate shining leaves. They are particularly dis- tinguished by their deciduous, subulate, or very narrow stipules. Their fruit is very variable. (Don's Mill.) — Rambling shrubs, deciduous, or sub evergreen ; somewhat tender in British gardens, where they only succeed when planted against a wall. Natives of China. 4. 60. R. si'nica Ait. The trifoliate-leaved China Rose. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 261. ; Lindl. Ros., p. 126. t. 16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 584. Synonymes. R. trifollata Bosc Diet, ex Pair. ; R. ternata Pair. Suppl. 6. p. 284. ; R. che- rokeensis Bonn Horl. Cunt. ed. 8. p. 170. ; R. nivea Dec. Hort. Monsp. 137., Red. Ros. 2. p. 81. with afig. ; R. hys- trix Lindl. Monog. ; R. \m\i- gkta ^lichx. Engravings. Lindl. Ros., 1. 16. ; Hook. Bot. Mag ,2847. ; Bot. Reg., 1922. ; onr Jig. 627. after Redoute ; and Jig. 628. after Bot. Reg. 627. R. slnica. 628. R. sinica Spec. Char., Sfc. Stipules setaceous, deciduous. Cauline prickles equal, falcate. Petioles and ribs of leaves prickly. Peduncles and fruit beset with straight bristles. Sepals entire, permanent. Flowers white, solitary. Fruit elliptic, orange-red. Disk conical. (Don's Mill.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. China. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit orange red ; ripe in September. J 61. R, Ba'nks/^ R. Br. Lad^ Banks's Rose. Identification. R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 256. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 131. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 601. Synonymes. M. Banksiaraa Abel Chin. 160., ; R. inermis Rozb. ? Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1954. ; Red. et Thor. Ros., 2. p. 43. ic. ; and our^ig. 629. Spec. Char., Sfc. Without prickles, glabrous, smooth. Leaflets 3 — 5, lanceolate, sparingly serrated, ap- proximate. Stipules bristle-like, scarcely attached to the petiole, rather glossy, deciduous. Flowers in umbel-like corymbs, numerous, very double, sweet- scented, nodding. Tube of the calyx a little dilated at the tip. Fruit globose, black. (Dec. Prod.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stems 10 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1807. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit black. Varieti/. 1 R. B 629. R. Bknksia. 630. «. Binksfe liltea. 2 luiea Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 1105., and our fg. 630.) has the flowers of a pale buff colour, and is a very beautiful variety. This is an exceedingly beautiful and very re- markable kind of rose ; the flowers being small, round, and very double, on long peduncles, and resembling in form the flowers of the double French cherry, or that of a small ranunculus, more than those of the generality of roses. The flowers of R. Banksi« alba are remarkably fragrant ; the scent strongly resembling that of violets. Plants of neither variety thrive in *-he atmosphere of the metropolis. 350 ARBORETUM ET FllUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Some which had attained a large size at Kew, and other places in the neigh bourhood of London, were killed by the winter of 1837-8. g_ 62, R. microca'rpa Lindl. The small-fruited Rose. Identification. Lindl. Kos. Mon., 130. t. IB. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 601. Sijnonyme. R. cym6sa Tratt. Ros. 1. p. 87. Engravings. Lindl. Rosar. Monog., t. 18. ; and our^. G31. Spec. Qhar., Sfc. Prickles scattered, recurved. Leaf- lets 3 — 5, lanceolate, shining, the two surfaces different in colour. Petioles pilose. Stipules bristle-shaped or awl-shaped, sca^•cely attached to the petiole, deciduous. Flowers disposed in di- chotomous corymbs. Peduncles and calyxes gla- brous. Styles scarcely protruded higher than the plane of the spreading of.the flower. Fruit globose, pea-shaped, scarlet, shining. Allied to R. Banks/«. (Dec. Prod.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. China, in the province of Canton. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. 1822. Flowers white, numerous," small; May to September. 631. R. microc&rpa. Identification. Engravings. Lindl. Ros J 63. R. hy'strix Lindl. The Porcupine Rose. Lindl. Ros Monog., p. 129. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 594. Monog., 1. 17. ; and out fig. 632. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles on branches unequal, crowded, larger ones falcate, small ones straight. Stipules very narrow, united half way, the free part deciduous. Leaflets three, smooth, ovate, shining, simply serrated, with a few prickles on the middle nerve. Sepals nearly entire ; permanent. Fruit bristly. (Do7i^s Mill.) A rambling shrub, with flagelliform branches. China and Japan. Flowefs large, solitary. Fruit oblong purple. Other Species and Varieties of 'Rosa. — In the cata- logue of Messrs. Loddiges, 147 species are registered, g'^. ij.hystrix. of all of which, with one or two exceptions, there are living plants. The garden varieties in the same collection amount to about 1500. There is indeed no end to the garden varieties, new ones being every year raised from seed, and old varieties every year disappearing. New species are also occasionally introduced, and several have been lately raised in the Hort. Soc. (rarden from Himalayan seeds. For species we recommend the cul- tivator to iiave recourse to the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, and for garden varieties to the most fashionable nurserymen of the time. In Rivers's Abridged List of Roses, J840, he recommends, as a selection for small gardens : — Pro- vence roses, 7; moss roses, 8; hybrid Provence roses, 7 ; hybrid China roses, 20; French roses, 16; iiosa alba, 9 ; damask roses, 6; Scotch roses, 8; sweet briars, .5 ; Austrian briars, 2; Ayrshire roses, 6 ; i?6sa multiflora, 3 ; evergreen roses, 7 ; Boursault roses, 4 ; Banksian roses, 2 ; hybrid cHmbing roses, 4; perpetual roses, 12; Bourbon roses, 7; China roses, 13 ; tea-scented roses, 11 ; miniature roses, 5 ; Noisette roses, 12; musk roses, 3 ; Macartney roses, 3 ; 7?6sa microphylla, 3. In all, 185 sorts ; which would form a very efficient rosarium. Soil and Situation adapted for Roses. The common wild roses will grow in very poor soil, provided it be dry; but all the cultivated sorts require a soil naturally light and free, and more or less enriched. The situation should be open and airy, exposed to the east, or, in warm situations, to the north, rather than to the soflfli ; because the intensity of the sun's rays accelerates too rapidly the expansion of the flowers, and also diminishes the colour and fragrance of the petals. A rose-garden, W s^ XXVI. rosa'cem: ro'sa. 351 fully exposed to the sun during the whole day, may have a useful degree o f shade given to it by the distribution of a few standard roses of not less than 8 or 10 feet in height ; or by the introduction of frames of wood or wire, in the forms of obelisks, gnomons, crosses, columns surmounted by globes, or cones, on which climbing roses may be trained. These would produce no bad effect by their drip, and yet by their shadow, which would vary with the position of the sun, they would afford a salutary protection to the dwarf roses by which they were surrounded; and thus produce, in some degree, the same object as a cool situation and exposure. The rose is one of those plants that will not thrive in the neighbourhood of towns where the prevailing fuel is pit-coal ; hence the roses grown within a circle of ten miles of the metro- polis are much inferior in beauty to those grown at double that distance. In country residences, roses are generally distributed in the margins of shrubberies along with other flowering shrubs: but, considering the culture they require, it is impossible they can thrive in such a situation ; and, even if they did thrive, the kind of beauty which they would produce would be of a character so different from that of a general shrubbery, as to require their exclusion from it. The only roses fit to be planted in a shrubbery are the single kinds, in their wild state. Roses, and all other kinds of shrubs oi- trees, that are far removed from a state of nature, and valued for something produced by art, either in their flowers, fruit, habit, or leaves, should be grown in situations where the art which produced the artificial effect can be em- ployed. Hence all fruit-bearing trees and shrubs should be grown in orchards, in kitchen-gardens, or in some place by themselves, so as to admit of pro- perly cultivating the soil, and managing the plants. Roses, and all double- flowering shrubs, ought, in like manner, to be grown by themselves ; and the same principle will apply to shrubs having any peculiarity in their foliage, and even'in their mode of growth. The continuation of the peculiarity may not always require a rich soil ; on the contrary, it will generally be found to have been produced by a soil and situation of a peculiar nature : but that peculi- arity of soil it is as much the object of art to imitate, as it is to form the rich soil, and favourable situation, which produce large or double flowers, or large and succulent fruit, or variegated leaves. Hence, to cultivate roses properly, they must be grown either in groups by themselves on a lawn, or in a flower- garden ; or be connected into a system of groups or beds, in a rosarium, or rose-garden. On this subject, and on the pruning, and general treatment of roses, we must refer to the first edition of tnis work, where it will be found given at great length, illustrated with numerous diagrams, having reference to propagation, training, pruning, the formation of rosariums, for which several plans are given, and the destruction of insects. Rosarium, or Rosehiiii, — Where it is intended to plant a collection of roses, the best effect will be produced by devoting a group to each section ; such as one to moss roses, another to Noisettes, a third to Scotch roses, &c. These groups ought generally to be planted with dwarfs rather than standards; be- cause the former are more conveniently looked upon by the spectator : but a handsome standard may, frequently, occupy the centre of each group, if it is a circle or a square; and two or three in a line, or radiating from a point, if it is of a long or an irregular form. Sometimes a group may be surrounded by a row of standards, which, in that case, should have clear stems, not less than 7 ft. high, through which the dwarf roses may be seen by persons walking round the group. Standard roses, in general, have the best eflect when formed into an avenue along the margin of a walk; and for this purpose they are very suitable for common flower-gardens, where the groups, instead of being planted with dwarf roses, are filled with herbaceous plants. The sizes of the different groups in a rosarium ought to be proportioned to the number of va- rieties belonging to the section to be planted in each, the bulk which they attain, and their habit of growth. For these purposes, the AbHdgcd List of ivlefsrs. Rivers may be taken as a basis; and, as it contains 27 groups, these may oe represented by 27 beds of different dimensions. 353 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus Xlll. LO'WEJ Lindl. The Lowea. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 12G1. Syrwnyme. Rbsn sp. Pali, and Lindl. in Hos. Monog. Derivation. In compliment to the Rev. Mr. Lowe, Travelling Bachelor of the University of Cam- bridge. {Lindley in Bot. Reg. t. 1261.) Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth. Petals 5. Stamens and Carpels numerous as in T^osa. Leaf simple, exstipulatc. Prickles often compound. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated. Floivers yel- low, marked with purple. — An undershrub. Native of Persia. j» 1. L. BERBERlvd'iAfL Lindl. The Berberry-leaved Lowea. Identification. Lindley in Bot. Reg., t. 1261. Synonymcs. Rbsa. simplicifulia Sal. Hort. Allert. 359., R. berberiihWa. Pall., Lindl. Rosarum Monug. p. 1. French edition, p. 23., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 602., Spreng. Syst. 2. p. 546., Wallroth Monog. p. 25. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1261. ; Redoute Ros., 1. t. 2. ; and our/g. 633. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves undivided, without stipules, obovate-cuneated, serrated at the tip. Prickles decurrent, and of the colour of ivory. Sepals entire, subspathulate. Petals yellow, marked with purple at the base. {Dec. Prod.) An undershrub. Persia, near Amadan, where it abounds in saltish soil ; and also in fields at the bottom of Mount El wend, and in the Desert of Soongaria. Height 2 ft. Introd. in 1790. Flowers yellow and purple ; June and July. Somewhat difficult of cul- ture, and not a free flowerer ; but it is readily propagated by budding on the dog rose, or by seeds, which it pro- duces on the Continent in abundance in common soil. Farieties. Several are described in Dec. Prod., and some hybrids have recently been raised between this species and some kinds of liosa. 633. L. terJfrifillia. Sect. V. Po^ME^ Lindl. Genus XIV. 1 CRATjE'GUS Lindl. The Thorn. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 105. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Symmijmps. Crat.-p^gus and A/espilas sp. ofim. and others ; Neflier, Alisier, and Aubepine, fr ; Doonn, Uzbcer, and Mispel, Ger. ; Doom, Dutch ; CratEego, Ital. ; and Espino, Span. Derivation. From kratos, strength ; in reference to the hardness and strength of the wood. Gen. Char, Calyx with an urceolate tube, and a 5-cleft limb. Petals orbicu- lar, spreading. Ovarium 2 — 3-celled. Styles 2 — 5, glabrous. Pome fleshy, ovate, closed ; the calycine teeth, or the thickened disk, containing a bony putamen. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, chiefly deciduous, but in part evergreen : angular or toothed. Flowers in corymbs, usually white. Bracteas subulate deciduous. Fruit red, yellow, or black. Decaying leaves yellow, or reddish yellow. XXVI. rosackje: crat,e gus. 053 Trees or shrubs, small, deciduous, sometimes evergreen ; mostly natives of Europe and North America, and some of them of Asia and the North of Africa. One of them, the common hawthorn, is well known throughout the Middle and North of Europe, as a hedge plant. The species all flower and fruit freely ; and the wood of all of them is hard and durable, and the plants of considerable longevit}'. Almost all the flowers are white, and the fruit is generally red ; though in some sorts it is yellow, purple, black, or green. All the species ripen fruit in the neighbourhood of London, most of them abundantly; by which, or by grafting or budding on the common hawthorn, they are generally propagated. When the species which have naturally a dwarf habit of growth are intended to assume the character of low trees, they are grafted standard high upon C, Oxyacantha, C. coccinea, or on some other of the strong-growing kinds ; in consequence of which prac- tice, this genus furnishes a greater number of handsome small trees for orna- mental grounds tiian any other ligneous family whatever. All the species will grow on any soil that is tolerably dry ; but they will not grow vigorously in a soil that is not deep and free, and rich rather than poor. Whether as small trees or as shrubs, they are all admirably adapted for planting grounds of limited extent ; and especially for small gardens in the neighbourhood of large towns. § i. Coccinea. Sect. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, lobed, acutely serrated. Flowers and fruit lai'ge. The plants also large, and of free and vigorous growth. ^ \. C. cocci'nea L. The s,ca.i:\et-fridted Thorn. i Identification. Lin. Sp., 682. ; Pursh Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., ' 2. p. 599. i Synonymes. C. i£Hi\h\\s Booth \ Mespilus jestivalis IValt. Fl. Car.; M. coccinea Mill. Kouv. Du Ham. ; thornless American Azarole ; NSflier ecarlate, Fr. ; scharlachrothe Mispel, Gei: ; Laz- 1 zeruolo rosso, Ital. Engravings. Pluk., t 4C. f. 4. ; Dend. Brit., t. 62. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3432. ; our Jig. 677. in p. 386. ; i the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^g. 634. 654. Crataa^gus coccinea. ipec. Char., Src. Disks of leaves cordate-ovate, angled with lobes, acutelv ; serrated, glabrous. Petioles and calyxes pubescent, glanded. me.als or. t A A 354 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. biculate. Stj les 5. Fruit scarlet, eatable. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America, from Canada to Carolina, in hedges and woods. Height 13 ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit large, round, or somewhat pear-shaped, scarlet ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves yellow, inclining to scarlet. Naked young wood dark-coloured ; old wood with a whitish bark. Varieties. It would be easy to procure as many varieties of this species as there are of the common hawthorn, by raising some thousands of plants every year from seed, and selecting from the seed-beds plants indicating any peculiarity of leaf or of habit ; but, as in the nurseries the most rapid way of producing saleable plants of this, and all the other species and va- rieties of CratEe'gus, is found to be by grafting on the common hawthorn, very few seedlings are raised, and the varieties in cultivation are only the three or four following : — It C. c. 2 cordllina. C. corallina Lodd. Cat. ; the C. pyriformis and C. pec- tinata of some collections. (7%. 678. in p. 387.) — The leaves and the entire plant are, perhaps, rather smaller than in the species ; the habit of the tree is decidedly more upright and fastigiate ; and tlie fruit is smaller, long, and of a fine coral red ; whence the name is probably derived, though, in the first edition of the Hort. Soc. Catalogue, it is called the red-branched hawthorn. The plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, however, exhibit only a slight degree of redness in the branches of the young wood. I' C. c. 3 indentdta. C. indentata Lodd. Cat. ; C. georgica Doug. {fig. 678. in p. 387.) — The leaves are smaller, and less lobed, than those of the species ; the plant is also weaker, of upright habit, and with a smooth clear bark. It is very prolific in flowers and fruit. 'i: C. c. 4 maxima Lodd. Cat. C. c. spinosa Godefroy ; C. acerifolia Hort. ; C. ? flabellata Hort. — The leaves are Ijirger than those of any other variety ; and the fruit is also large. As we have not seen living plants of C. flabellata, but only dried specimens sent from Terenure and the Humbeque Nursery, we are not absolutely certain that C. flabellata and C. c. maxima are the same ; but we teel quite certain that they both belong to C. coccinea. We are informed that the C. flabellata of some nurseries is C. tanacetifolia ; which certainly has its leaves more flabellate, or fan-like, than any variety of C. coccinea. ? 5" C. c. 5 neapolitdna Hort. ilfespilus constantinopolitana Godefroy. — Plants were in Messrs. Loddiges's collection in 1837. ¥ 2. C. GLANDULo'sA W. The glandular Thorn. Identification. Willd. Sp., 2. p. 1002., not of Michx. ; Pursh Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. Synonymes. ? C. sanguinea Pall. Fl. Ros. 1. t. 11. ; ? 3/espilus rotundifblia Ehrh. Beitr. 3. p. 20.; P:^rus glandulbsa Mosnch ; C. rotundifblia Booth. Engravings. ? Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. II. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 1012 ; Dend. Brit., t. .58. ; ourjig. 680. in p. 388. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig, 636. Spec. Char., dfc. Leaves with the disk obovate-wedge-shaped, angled, gla- brous, glossy. Petioles, stipules, and sepals glanded. Fruit oval, scarlet ; nuts 4 — 5 ; flesh hard and dry. (IJec. Prod.) A low tree. North Ame- rica, in Canada and on the Alleghany Mountains, and also found on the Eocky Mountains. Height 12ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 17.50. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit scarlet; ripe in September. Varieties. t C g. 2 succidenta Fisch., ilfespilus succulenta Booth, has the fruit larger than that of the species, and succulent, juicy, and eatable. We have seen only one plant of this variety; but we were assured by the late M. Fischer of Gottingen, that there are several in the botanic garden there, and in various other collections in Germany. %. XXVI. iJOSA^CE.E : CRATiE^GUS. 355 f C. g. 3 snbvil/dsa, C. subvillosa Fisch., (our fig. 636., and fig. 681. in p. 388.) is apparently another variety of the pre- ceding sort, or, perhaps, of C. coccinea. It is very distinct in appearance, from its villous twisted leaves, and stunted tortuous shoots ; but, from its having been only three or four years in the country, very little is known of its habit of growth, which seems to be rather more loose than that of C. glaudulosa. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in Messrs. Lod- diges's arboretum. Differs from the preceding sort in the stipules and calyxes being glandular, and in the head of the tree forming a dense mass of small twigs. Being a small compact tree, of somewhat conical or fastigiate habit, and of comparatively low growth, and yet very prolific in flowers and fruit, it is well adapted for small gardens ; and, being f^^. c. g. subyuicsa. at the same time full of branches and very spiny, it is better calculated than many other kinds of American Cratas^gus for forming field hedges. § ii. Punctdtce. \Sect. Char. Leaves not lobed, large, \\'ith many nerves. Bark white, or ash- coloured. Fruit large, or small. 5 3. C. puncta'ta Ait. The AotteA-fruited Thorn. 'Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew„ 2. p. 169. ; Jacq. Hort.Vini, 1. and 28. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. ' P- 338. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. G27. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .598. \i>ymnymes. C. Crus-galli Du Roi ; 3/espilus cuneifftlia Ehrh. Beiir. 3. p. 21. ; M. punctata Zink . tnum. ; M. coruifolia Lam. Encyc. 4. p. 444. yf-ngraviri^s. Jac.Hort..!. t.28.; our ^s. 682. and 683. in p. 389. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., , vol. VI. ; and our %. 637. ' •''« A A -2 356 ARBORETUM EX FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 637. C. punctata. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, glabrous, serrated. Calyx a little villose ; its sepals awl-shaped, entire. Fruit usually dotted. {Dec. Prod.) A small tree. North America, in the woods and swamps of Vir- ginia and Carolina; where, according to Pursli, it grows to a handsome size, particularly the variety having yellow fruit. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1746. Flowers white ; May dnd June. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Leaves dropping yellow. Naked young wood grey. Varieties. There are four forms of this species in British gardens. ± C. jo. 2 rubra Pursli, C. edulis Ronalds {Jig. 682. in p. 389.) is the most common, and is a spreading tree, growing to the height of from 15 ft. to 30 ft., with red fruit, and, when old, with few thorns, y C. p. 3 riibra stricta Hort., C. p. stricta Ronalds, has the fruit red, like the pre- ceding sort ; but the general habit of the plant is fastigiate, like that of the following sort. t C. J). 4 aurea Pursh, C. p. flava Hort., C. dulcis Ronalds, C. edulis Lodd. Cat., C. pentagyna flava Godefroy {fig. 682. in p, 389.), is a tree like C. p. rubra, witli yellow fruit, and also, when old, with few thorns. S C. p. 5 brevisphia Doug., and owe fig. 638. — A very handsome fastigiate tree, with large, very dark purplish red fruit. Hort. Soc. Garden. The wood is so hard that the Indians of the west coast of America make wedges of it for splitting trees. i 4. C. pyrifo'lia Ait. The Pear-tree-leaved Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 168. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627 Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. Synonymes. C. leucophlce'os (white-barlced) Mcench Weiss, p. 31. t. 2. ; C. radiata Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836 ; C. tomentisa Bu lioi Hurhk. 1. p. 183. ; C. Iatif61ia Pers. ; A/espilus latiffilia Lani. Encyc. 4. p. 444. ; M. Calpodendron Ehrh. Eeitr. ; M. pyriftlia Li7ik Enum. ; M- co:nif61ia Poir-; C- latifblia Ronalds ; C. cornif6Ua Booth ; Lazzarollo perino, Ital, 638. C. p. brevisplna. *%[, XXVI. BOSA CE.E : CEATM GUS. 357 Engravings. Mcench Weiss., p. 31. t. 2.; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 61.; Bot. Keg., t. 1877.; our Jig. 684. in p. 389. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. \i. ; and our Jig. 639. Spec, Char., Sfc, In some instances spiny, in some without spines. Leaves ovate-elliptical, incisely serrated, obscurely plaited, a little hairy. Flowers .3-styled. Calyx slightly villose ; its sepals linear-lanceolate, serrated. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree, generally spineless. North America, from Penn- sylvania to Carolina, in woods and rocky places. Height 20 ft. to 25 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; June and July, rather later than ■ C. punctata. Fruit small, yellowish red ; ripe early in September, and more eagerly sought after by birds than those of any other species. 639. CpyriRlia. The leaves of young trees are larger, and the fruit smaller, than those \r>f most other species; the leaves are also more strongly plaited, having the appearance of being furrowed from the midrib to the margin. When the fruit is not eaten by birds, it shrivels, turns black, and remains on the tree through- lOut the winter. The leaves drop early, of a rich yellow. ! § iii. Macracdnthce. Sect. Char. Leaves large, ovate-oblong, sUghtly lobed and serrated, with nu- ! raerous nerves, and subplicate. Fruit small. Spines very long. Tree vigorous and spreading. I ^ 5. C. macraca'ntha Lodd. Cat. The long-spined Thorn. 'i/mnymes. C. glandulbsa ;3 macrantha Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1912. ; C. spina longfssima in the 'Hammersmith Nursery ; C. pyriflbra Torrey ; see Bot. Meg. t. 1957. ■■ngravings. Bot Reg., t. 1912. ; our^z^. 685. in p. 390. ; the plate of this species in our Arb. Brit., ' Ut edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 640. '^pec. Char , <^c. Spines longer than the leaves, and numerous. Leaves i ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminate, slightly lobed and bluntly serrated. , nerved, and subplicate. Fruit small, or middle-sized, of a shining red, : and very succulent when ripe. Tree open, spreading, and of very vigorous ! A A 3 I 358 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 640. C. macrac^ntha growth. The shoots straight, and tending upwards at an angle of 45°. North America, and the most common species in the northern states. Height 10ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit scarlet, rather smaller than th^t of C. coccinea ; ripe in Sep- tember. Variefi/. 5f C. 711. 2 mhwr {fii^. -~ having smaller fruit fordshire. Ig. 686. in p. 390.) only differs from the species in There are plants at Somerford Hall, Staf- Raised from American seed, in 1819, in the nursery of Messrs. Falla, at Gateshead, near Newcastle ; whence it was sent to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, under the name of the large American azarole. § iv. ;rus' ■gal Sect. Char. Leaves without lobes, obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, more or less serrated, and of a dark shining green, with petioles margined by the decurrence of the leaf. Fruit small, or middle-sized, round, dark green till nearly ripe, and, when ripe, scarlet. Spines very long, and bent like the spur of a cock. '^ 6. C. Cru's-ga'lli L. The Cock's-spur Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 632. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., i. p. 338. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Svnonymes. 6'rata:^gus lilcida Wang. Am. t. 17. f. 42., and il/?7/. Diet. ; C. cimeiffilia Lodd. Cat.; JV/espilus lOcida Ehr/i. Bcitr. ; JIA Crus-gftUi Pair. ; M. hyemalis Walt ; M. cuneiftlia Mamch ; N'eflicr Pied de Coc, Fr. ; gliinzende Mispel, Ger. ; Lazzarollo spinoso, Ital. Engravinp. Wang. Am., t. 17. f. 42. ; Dend. Brit., t. 56. ; our fig. 687. in p. 391. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our^^. 641. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines long. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, nearly ses- sile, glossy, glabrous, falling off" late. Stipules linear. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate, and somewhat serrated. Styles 2. Fruit scarlet. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America ; common in woods and hedges, and on the banks of rivers, from Canada to Carolina. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. Intro- i XXVI. rosa'ceje : crat^^gus. 359 641. C. Cnis-gilli. duced in 1691. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit small, green, and at length scarlet ; ripe in September and October. Leaves retained longer than in most of the species ; so that in the South of England it ap- pears a sub-evergreen, retaining also its showy fruit through the winter. aneties. 2 C. C. 2 splendens Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170., Pluk. t. 46. f. 1. C. arbutifolia and C. splendens Lodd. Cat. {fig. 688. in p. 391.) — Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, and shining; and, being produced in abundance, the plant has a splendid appearance. ¥ C. C 3 Y)yracaiithijr)lia Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170. C. pyra- canthifolia Lodd. Cat. ; ilfespilus liicida Dum. Cours. Bot. Cult. ed. 2. V. p. 448. (fig. 693. in p. 391. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and our fig. 642.) — Leaves oblong, with the upper part lan- 642, C. C.-K- pyracant ceolate ; the lower part tending to wedge-shaped. This, even when only 3 or 4 years grafted, forms a singular little old-looking tree, spreading like a miniature cedar of Lebanon. A A 4 360 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I" C. C. 4 salicifolia Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170. C. ralicifolia. (Jig. 691. in p. 391. ; and the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 643.) — Leaves oblong, with the upper part lanceolate ; ■■A ■ 1 ' /■'--;' -■^^' ' - V- 643. C. C.-g. salicifolia. the lower part tending to wedge-shaped. This forms a low fiut- headed tree, like the preceding varifety. A plant in Messrs. Lotl- diges's arboretum, in 1835, after being five years grafted at a foot from the ground, was not quite 5 ft. high. The miniature trees of this variety are admirably adapted for chddren's gardens. 1 C. C. 5 linearis Dec. Prod, ii/espilus linearis Desf. Arb. ii. p. 156., Poir. Sitppl. iv. p. 70. ; C. linearis Lodd. Cat. (fig. 690. in p. 391.) — Leaves linear-lanceolate. Spines, or thorns, few and shortish. Styles 1 — 2. Fruit of a yellowish red. • C. C. 6 nana Dec. Prod, ilfespilus nana Dum. Cours. Suppl. p. 386. — Branchlets tomentose in some degree. Leaves oval-lanceolate ; the under surface paler than the upper. A shrub, or, when traineil to a single stem, a miniature tree. This species, being one of the first introduced into England, has been more cultivated than any other American thorn ; and on the whole it is one of the most splendid in appearance, from its smooth, shining, dark green foliage, and the great abundance of its fine white flowers, and dark red fruit which remains long on the tree. In the South of England, antl in the climate of London, in warm sheltered situations, where the soil is rich and moist, it retains its leaves and fruit through great part of the winter, so as to appear quite evergreen. f 7. C. (C.) ovalifo'lia Horn. The oval-leaved Thorn. Identification. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl., .52. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Sj/nunyme. C. elllDtica Lodd. Cat. ; C. Crus-giUi ovalifMia Jlot. Reg. t. 1860. Engravings. Bot." Ueg., t. 1860. ; our fig. G92. in p. 391. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Bnt. 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 044. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, serrated, a little pilose on both surfiices, and shining on the upper one. Stipules half-heart-shaped, incisely serrated, with glanded serratnres. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America. Height 15 it. to 20ft. Introd. in 1810. Flowers white. A very distinct variety of C. Criis-galli, with a loose spreading habit of growth, and broad leaves. XXVI. ROSA CE^ : CRATM GUS. 361 614. C. C. OTalifoha. "fc 8. C. (C.) prunifo'lia Bosc. The Plum-leaved Thorn. Tdcntification. Bosc ined. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Synonymes. 3/espilus prunifblia Poj'r. D;ci. 4. p. 443. ; C. caxoWtuma. Lodd. Cat.; Lazzeruolino, 615. C. C. prunifolia. ^'u77m,^'[,.^^°^- ^''f-' t-pes.; our ^^.689. in p. 391.; the plate of this tree in .Arb. Brit.. ISC edit., vol. VI.; and our &. 645. 362 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., ^c. Leat^es with the disk broadly ovate, unequally serrated, and glabrous ; the petioles bearing a few glands. Sepals with glanded serratures. Peduncle and calyx a little villose. Seeds 2 in a pome. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1818, or before. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit scarlet. Differs from the preceding variety in having broader and shorter leaves, a more compact and fastigiate habit of growth, and rather more thorns on the branches. The leaves of this and the preceding kinds die off of a nuich deeper red than the narrow-leaved varieties, which often drop quite green, yellow, or of a yellowish red. § V. Nlgrce. Sect. Char. Leaves middle-sized, deeply lobed. Lobes pointed. Fruit round, black or purple. Tree rather fastigiate, with few or no spines. Bark smooth. t 9. C. Ni^GRA Waldst. et Kit. The hXack-fruited Thorn. Ideritiflcation. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Rar. Hung., t. 61. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .W9. Synonymes. jVespilus nigra Willd. Enum. 5'24. ; C. carpatica Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Rar. Hung., t. 61. ; Jig. 694. in p. 392. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our ./fg^. 646. 646. C. nigra. Spec. Char., c^r. Leaves sinuately lobed, and serrated, somewhat wedge- shaped, though truncately so, at the base ; whitely villose beneath. Stipules oblong, serrately cut. Calyxes villose; the lobes slightly toothed. Styles 5. Fruit black. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. Hungary. Height 15ft. to 20 ft., throwing up numerous suckers from its widely spreading roots, which soon cover the ground with a forest of bushes. In England, where it is generally propagated by grafting on the common thorn, it forms a very handsome, upright, somewhat fastigiate tree, from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high, put- ting forth its leaves, in mild seasons, in February or March. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white; April and May. Fruit black; ripe in July and August. Variety. C. fiisca Jacq., judging from a seedling plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, appears to belong to this species. Nightingales are said to be attracted by this tree, probably because it is par- ticularly liable to be attacked by insects, and because numerous caterpillars XXVI. i?OSA CEJE : CRAT^ GU&. 365 ai"e to be found on it about the time when the nightingale is in full song. The same property of attracting nightingales is ascribed to the common hawthorn, in La Theorie du Jardinage, Sfc, published in 1709. "t 10. C. PURPU^REA -ffo5c. The purple-6ra?^c/^ecf Thom. Identification. Bosc ined. ; Doc. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. Stinonyme. C. sanguinea Hort. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 60. ; our^. 695. in p. 392. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 647. ■sryH. *%^e Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches dark purple. Leaves ovate, cuneate at the base, lobed with broad lobes, serrated, glabrous, or pubescent beneath. Stipules somewhat circular, serrated with glanded serratures. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub or low tree. Altaic Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white ; early in April ; being the very first species of Cra- tae^gus that comes into flower in the neighbourhood of London, excepting always the Glastonbury thorn. Fruit dark red or purple, sometimes yellow, very succulent ; ripe in July, Variefi/. ^ C.p.2 altdica ; C. altaica Led., Lod. Cat. (Jg. 696. in p. 39.3.) ; has the leaves somewhat larger than the species, and they appear a little earlier. It forms an upright, rigid, rather slow-growing tree, without thorns. It has a few small branches, and is not densely clothed with leaves. It has a starved and somewhat stunted appearance, and is readily known by the purple colour of its young shoots. The bark of the old wood is of a dark purple or brown colour, and rough and scalv. The fruit is small, round, and most commonly of a dark purple ; but it varies to pale yellow, or a milk white, and red, on the same plant. It ripens about the end of July, and is very soft and juicy, but soon drops off. The tree is interesting from its early flowering, and the dark colour of the anthers of its flowers, which contrasts strongly with the white- ness of the petals. The leaves are also large, and of a peculiar shape. § vi. Dougldsn. Sect. Char. Leaves small, and not lobed as in the preceding section ; furnished with numerous parallel nerves, somewhat like those of C. punctata. Spines 364 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. rather numerous and rigid. Fruit small, and dark purple ; pulp soft and watery. t 11. C. Dougla's// Lindl Douglas's Thorn. Identification. Bot. Reg., t. ISIO. ; Lod. Cat., edit. 1832. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1810. ; our ^g-. 697. in p. 393.; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and owx Jig. 6-18. 618. C. Dougl^sii. Spec, Char., Sfc. Branches ascending. Spines rigid, straightish, now short, now very long. Leaves some obovate, some oval, gashedly serrated, acute; at the base wedge-shaped, glabrous ; in the autumn, remarkably leathery, and they then acquire a purplish cast, and are shining, {Lindl.) A shrub or low tree. North-West America. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers white ; May. Fruit small, dark purple ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves purplish, leathery, shining, falling oif early, like those of C. punctata and C. pynioYia. Naked young wood purplish. This is a very distinct sort, more particularly as it respects the colour of the fruit, and the colour and texture of the leaves. The general habit of the plant is fastigiate ; and it is one of the latest kinds in leafing in the spring. The flowers and fruit are produced in great abundance, and both are very ornamental. § vii. FldvcE. Sect. Char. Leaves small, obovate, slightly lobed, and serrated. Flowers fre- quently solitary. Spines numerous, straight, and more slender than in any other division. Fruit Lop, or pear, shaped ; yellow, or greenish yellow. "t 12. C. fla\'a J?Y. The yellow./rwfi'erf Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 1C9. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 338.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Blill.. 2. p. fiOO. Synonymes. C. glandul6sa il/iV^j. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 288., not of Walt. ; 71/espilus Michauxii Pers. Syn. 2. p. 38. ; C. carolini&na Pair. Did. 4. p. 442. ; C. flavlssima Hori. ; C. ? turbinata Pursh. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1939. ; fig. 698. in p. 394. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi . ; and our fig. 649. Spec. Char., ^c. Disks of leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, slightly lobed, cre- nately serrate, upon short petioles. Stipules glanded. Flowers mostly solitary. Sepals glanded. Fruit top-shaped, yellow, or yellowish green, Nuts 4 in a fruit. {Dec. Prod.) A low spreading tree. North America. H. XXVI. JJOSA^CE^ : CRAT^^GUS. 365 C49. C. fliva. from Virginia to Carolina. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in .724. Flowers white ; May. rich yellow. Haws yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. : C. liltea Pair. The flowers and the fruit are neither produced in abundance, nor make any great show ; but the tree has a marked character from its general form, and the horizontal tendency of its branches. ¥ 13. C. (f.) lobaVa Bosc. The \oheA-ieaved Thorn. Identification. Bosc ined. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Hitnonymes. 3/espilus lobata Pair. Swppl. 4. p. 71. Engravings. Fig. G99. in p. 394. ; and our Jig. 660. Spec.Char.,Sfc. Branches a little villose. Disks of leaves ovate, une- qually serrated, or lobed, slightly downy beneath, ujjon very short petioles. Sti- pules cut. Flowers in loose corymbs. {Dec. Prod.) A tree closely . resembling C. fliiva in general appearance. Native country sup- ?osed to be America, leight 10 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white ; May. Fruit green ; ripe in October. Differing from C flava in having some of the leaves with larger lobes, and some of the spines larger. The flowers are sparingly produced, amongst dense tufts of leaves ; and the fruit, which is green when ripe, is still less abundant. It is pear-shaped, and very different from that of every other khid of C'ratae'gus, i except C. flava and C. f. trilobata. C;0. C. f. lobata 366 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. *t 14. C. (f.) triloba^ta Lodd. Cat. The three-Xohed-leaved Thorn. Identification. Lodd. Cat., edit. 1832. Sijnoiiyme. C. spinoslssinia Lee. Engraving. Fig. 700. in p. 395. pec. Char., <^c. Leaves ovate-cuneate, notched and serrated. Petioles slender. Surface flat, shining, somewhat veined. Branches small, thickly beset with slender thorns. Habit spreading. A hybrid, raised from seed in the Hammersmith Nursery, about 1820, or before. It forms a tree in general appearance resembling C. flava, but with the branches much less vigorous, and more thorny. The fruit is yellow, slightly tinged with red ; and what distinguishes it from the two allied sorts is, that its leaves die off, in autumn, of an intensely deep scarlet. § viii. Apiifdlicv. Sect. Char. Leaves deltoid, or somewhat resembling those of the common thorn. The fruit is also of the same colour ; but the tree has a totally dif- ferent habit, having the shoots loose and spreading, weak, and almost without thorns. 5f 15. C. /jpiiFoYiA Michx. The Parsley-leaved Thorn. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 287., not of Med. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill. 2. p'. 599. Synonymes. C. Oxyac&ntha Walt. Carol. 147. ; C. apiif&lia major Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Fig. 702. in p. 395.; tlie plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. : and our fig. 651. fi51. C. apiifoHa. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves deltoid, cut into lobes that are acute and incisely toothed. Pedicels in the corymb villose, mostly simple. Tube of calyx villose. Sepals obscurely serrated. Fruit scarlet. (Dec. P7-od.) A low spreading tree with flexible branches. Virginia and Carolina, in moist woods. Height 10ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white: May and June. Haws scarlet ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Vaneti/. i C. a. 2 minor, C. apiifolia Lodd. Cat. {fig. 701. in p. 395.), has the leaves smaller than those of the species, and more fringed at t!;e XXVI. ROSACEJE : CRATiE GUS. 367 edges, like those of the common parsley ; but this fringed appearance is by no means constant, either in the variety or in the species. This variety forms a most ornamental low bush ; or, when grafted standard high, a beautiful pendent tree, § ix. Microcarpce. Sect. Char. Fruit small, round, red. Flowers small, produced in corymbs, later in the season than in any of the other species. Spines few, but some- times very large. t 16. C. cordaVa Mill. The heart-shaped-fcawrf Thorn. Identification. Mill. Ic.,t. 179. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .599. Synonymei. M. Phienopvrum Linn.; M. cordata Mill.; C. populifolia Walt. Car. 147., and Pursh Sept. 1. 337. ; iVespilus aceriftlia Poir. Diet. 4. p. 442. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 179. ; Wats. Dend. Brit- 1. 63. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1151. ; fig. 703. in p. 396. the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 652. ; Spec. Char., Sjc. Disks of leaves cordate- ovate, angled by lobes, glabrous, I Petioles and calyxes without glands. Styles 3 in a flower. {Dec. Prod.) A compact, close-headed, small tree, with leaves of a deep shining green, i Canada to Virginia, in hedges and rocky places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. I Introduced in 1738. Flowers white, in numerous terminal corymbs ; May I and June. Fruit small, scarlet ; ripe in October. A very distinct and handsome species. '^ 17. C. SPATHULA^TA ElUolt. The s^a.th\i\a.-shaped-leaved Thorn. Identification. Elliott Fl. S. Car., 1. p. 5.52.; Lodd. Bot. Cat., t. 12G1. i Synonymes. C. microrarpa Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1846. ; C. fl6rida Godefroy. > Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1261.; Bot. Reg., t. 1846. ■,fig. 704. in p. 396. ; the plate of the species I in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and om fi^. 653. '■Spec. Char., S^c. Subspinose. Leaves in fascicles, oblong cuneated, 3-cleft, lobed and crenated, smooth, shining. Corymbs many-flowered. Calyx smooth; segments ovate, quite entire. Fruit ovate, subrotund, smooth 368 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 633. C. spathulata. 5-celled ; shell thin. (Lindl.) A low tree ; in England a shrub, unless when grafted standard high. Georgia and Carolina. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. ; in England 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in ISOF. Flowers white ; May and Jane. Fruit bright red ; ripe in October. Variett/. "t C.S.2 gebrgica. C georgica Lod. — Leaves 5-lobed, on longer foot- stalks, and rather smaller than the species. This vtmety and the species were killed to the ground in the winter of 1837-8. (See Gard. Mag-, vol. xvi. p. 3.) A slow-growing, very neat, little bush or tree, with slender, smooth, droop- ing branches, and something of the habit of C. Oxyacantha. Its leaves have a very handsome appearance, and are remarkably shining, and deep green : they usually grow in clusters ; have a long stalk, tapering upwards into a blade, which is sometimes nearly entire, with only a tooth or two at the end; some- times they are 3-lobed, with crenated segments ; and occasionally they are deej.'ly 3-parted ; their form is always more or less spathulate. The stipules of the more vigorous branches are large and leafy. The flowers are white, and a[)pear at the same time as those of C. cordata. The fruit is rather abundant, but small. § X. Azaroli. Sect. Char. Fruit large, round or pear-shaped ; good to eat ; yellow or red; the yellow fruit generally produced on fastigiate species or varieties ; and the red on trees with a spreading and rather a drooping head. Leaves wedge-shaped, 3-cleft or more, shining, pubescent or hairy. Spines few or none. H 18. C. AzARO'LUS L. The Azarole Thorn. Jdentification. Lin. Sp., G83. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. Synotii/tnes. Pfrus Azaiolus Scop. Cam. No. 597., J- Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 6'.; Mespilus Azarblus All. Fed., N. Du Ham. 4. p. 158.; Neflier Azarole, Neflier de Naples, E'pine d'Espagne, Pcm- mettes Si deux Closes, Fr. ; Azarol Mispel, Ger. ; Azzoruolo, Hal. Eng-avings. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 42. ; Bot. Rep., t. 579. ; fig. 705. in p. 397. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., Isl edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. G54. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pubescent, wedge-shaped at the base, trifid; lobes blunt, and with a few large teeth. Branchlets,coryinbs, and calyxes pubescent. XXVI. iiOSA CE^ : CRAT^'GUS. 369 ^f ^ .4S1 554. C. Azartilut Sepals obtuse. Styles 1 — 3 Fruit globose, scarlet. Seeds usually two; and hence the name, common at Montpelier, pommettes a deux closes. (Dec. Prod.} A low tree, never found wild as a bush. South of France and Italy, in small woods and in rough places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft ; in Eng- land 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1G56. Flowers white; May and June. I Fruit red ; ripe in September. Leaves drop with the first frost, without i much change of colour. 'arieties. In the Noiiveau Du Hamel,s\x varieties are enumerated, viz. : — 1. 1 jl/espilus .-Jronia, with the leaves hairy beneath ; 2. Azarole, with large deep . red fruit ; 3. Azarole, with yellowish white fruit ; 4. Azarole, with long I fruit of a whitish yellow ; 5. Azarole, with double flowers ; and, 6. the j White Azarole of Italy. With the exception of the first-mentioned, none of these varieties, as far as we know, are in British gardens. The fruit, when ripe, is mealy, and somewhat acid ; and, in Italy and the evant, it is occasionally sent to table. S 19. C. (A.) marocca'na Pers. The Morocco Thorn. I '(entification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 37. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. \/noni/?iies. DeCandollo expresses a doubt whether C. maOra Lin.Jil. Sup. 253. be not a synonyme ofthib species; Sarrour, Arabian. ftgraviviii. Bot. Reg., 1855. ; fig. "07. in p. 397. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and puryig. USo. pec. Char., Sfc. Leaves wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, and pinnatifid, glabrous, I glandless. Stipules cut, rather palmately. Flowers upon long peduncles, 1 in terminal glabrous corymbs. Sepals obtuse. Styles 2. (Dec. Prod.) A j handsome pyramidal low tree, with dark-coloured branches. Palestine, on j Mount Sinai and St. Catherine; and ? Morocco. Height 15 ft. to 35 ft. Flowers pure white, very fragrant ; May and June. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in October. Closely resembling C. Azarblus, but smaller in all its parts. It produces its ives very early in the season, in mild winters even in January ; and it retains ',em very late. It is a small, but decided tree, and may be considered one the handsomest species of the genus. Horticultural Society's Garden B B 370 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 655. C. (A.) marocc^na. | ¥ 20. C. .^RO^NIA Bosc. The Aronia Thorn. i Identification. Bosc ined. •, Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629. ; Don's Jlill., 2. p. 601. ! Si/noni/mes. il/espilus //rdnia IVtlld. Enum. Suppl. and A'. Du Ham. 4. p. 1.58.; C. Azarblus ^ > mild. Sp. ; C. ffssa Lodd. Cat. | Engravings. Pococke's Travels, t. 85.; Rot. Reg., 1897. ; ^.706. in p. 397. ; the plate in ArL>. ' ISrit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 65G. life t?^en 656. C. ,4r6nia. 5/J6'c. C/^ar., c5r. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves pubescent on the under sur! face, wedgc-sliapeci at the base, 3-cleft ; lobes obtuse, entire, each ending; XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : CRATiE^GUS. 371 in 3 obtuse mucronate teeth. Fruit yellow. (Dec. Prod.) An erect-branched low tree. Greece and the Levant. Height 15 fc. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers white ; May and June. Haws yellow, smooth, large, suc- culent, agreeable to eat ; ripe in August and September, and hanging on the tree till the leaves drop in November or December. Naked young wood dark-coloured. Remarkable for the abundance of its large yellow fruit, which are good to eat, and have been made into excellent tarts with Siberian crabs. 2 21. C ORIENT A^Lis Bnsc. The Eastem Thom. Identification. Bosc ined. ; Bot. Rep., t. 590. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. St/nonymes. jl/espilus orientalis Tourn. and Pair. Suppl. 4. p. 72. ; C. odoratissima Bot. Rep. and Lod. Cat. ; C. tanacetifolia var. /3 taurica Dec. Prod. 2. p. 629. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1885. ; fig. 708. in p. 398. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; ?nd our Jig. C57. 657. C. (irientalis. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches whitely tomentose. Leaves 3-lobed, downy be- neath ; the two side lobes ovate, and having tooth-like incisions at the tip ; the middle lobe trifid. Stipules broad and cut. {Dec. Prod.) A low spread- ing tree. Levant. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers white ; May and June. Haws numerous, large, yellowish red or coral colour, very agreeable to the taste ; ripe in August and September, and re- maining on sometimes after the leaves. Variety, i C. o. 2 sanguinea, C. sanguinea Schroder Index Sem. Hort. Acad. Gott. ISS-i, C. orientalis Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1852., and Jig. 709. in p. 398., has" the fruit of a very dark purplish red, or port wine, colour. Dr. Lindley considers this " the genuine Mespilus orientalis of Tournefort, with villous celery-like leaves, and a large, purple, 5- cornered, smooth fruit," which description, we think, mdicates rather B li 2 372 ARBOIIETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the following species. Tt is a native of the Crimea, and the parts bordering on the Black Sea ; and was introduced in 1810. On ac- count of the colour of its fruit, and the abundance in which it is produced, it deserves a place in every collection. Readily distinguished from most other species by its very hoary branches, which are loose, rambling, crossing each other, and somewhat pendulous. It is late in producing its leaves, and also its flowers: the latter generally appear with those of C. tanacetifolia, about the end of May (in 1836, on the 17 th of June). t 22. C. TANACETiFoYiA Pers. The Tansy-leaved Thorn. Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 38. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. G29. ; Don's Mill.. 2. p. GOI. Synonymes . JV/e.spilus tannacetifolia Pair. Diet. 4. p. 440., and N. Du Ham. ; M. pinn^ta Dion. Corns., Sm, Exot. t. 85. ; DeCandoUe doubts whether il/espilus Ce)sid>ici Dum. Cours. Suppl. p. 286. be different from this species ; Lazzeruolo turco, Ital. Engravings. Bot. Rep., t. 591 . ; Sm. Exot. Bot., t. 8-5. ; Bot. Reg., 1884. ; J!g. 710. in p. 398. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and ourj?/,'. 6.58. tk^^S mm 658. C. tanacetifolia. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnatifidly cut, hairy ; lobes oblong, acute, having ' a few teeth. Sepals acutish, reflexed, hairy. Styles 5. Fruit globose, yellowish green. {Dec. Prod.) A robust-growing fastigiate tree, with up- right rigid branches, commonly terminating in thorny points. Levant. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers white ; May and June. Haws large, yellow ; ripe in October. Va )-ieties. If C. /. 2 glahra^ Lodd. (fg. 71 1. in p. 398. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and oin\/lg. 659.) has shining leaves, and fruit about half the size of that of the species, of a reddish yellow. A hybrid between C. tanacetifolia and C. Oxyacantha. Introduced from Ger- many about 1810. !Sf C.t.3 Ct/,siana. ilfespilus Cehiann Dumont de Cours., vol. vii. p. 286. ; C. i. 3 Leeawa Arb. Brit. 1st ed. ; C. incisa Lee. (fg. 712. in p. 399. ; plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit.; and our ./fi,'. 660.) — Some- what reseml)ling C. orientalis ; but the leaves much larger, and more deeply cut, and the trees of a more robust, erect, and fastigiate habit. Fruit hu-ge, yellow. Cultivated by Cels, and supposed by Diimont de Courset to be a native of Persiaor the Levant. Erroneously said to have been raised in the Hamuiersmith Nursery. A splendid tree, XXVI. ROSA CEJE : CRAT^ GUS. 373 M9. C. t. glibta. most Striking in appearance, from its large and deeply cut foliage, and its strong, upright, vigorous shoots. 660. C. t. Celsidna. BBS 374 jlRBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The leaves and calyxes are covered on both sides with long hairs. The globular slightly compressed fruit has somewhat the appearance of being ribbed like a melon ; is larger than that of any other species of the genus, ex- cept C. ^ronia and C. niexicana; greenish yellow when ripe ; and easily dis- tinguishable by the bracteas generally adhering to it. The foliage is the latest in appearing of any of the species, except C. orientalis, frequently equally late. § xi. Heterophylla. Sect. Char. Leaves cuneate, and sub-persistent, and crimson. Fruit long, middle-sized, t 23. C. heterophy'lla Flustse. The various-leaved Thorn. Identification. FIu?ge Ann. Mus., 12. p. 423. t. 38. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1847. Si/nonynies. C. ncapolitana Hort. Engravings. Ann. Mus., 12. t. 38. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1 161. and t. 1847. j Ig. 713. in p. 399. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and out Jig. 661. 6G1. C. heterophylla. Spec. Char., (^c. Leaves bright, falling off late, lanceolate-cuneate, toothed at the apex, 3-cleft ; segments serrate. Tube of the calyx fusiform. Cymes many-flowered. Flowers 1-styled. Fruit ovate, including one nut, with a hard bony shell, and one seed. Stipules large, pinnatifid. (Lhidl.) A low tree, with ascending branciies. Native country uncertain, most probably the South of Europe ; possibly a hybrid between the common h:i\vthorn, and the azarole, or some other species. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Cultivated in 1816. Flowers white, produced in great abundance ; May. Fruit rich crimson, resembling in sha[)e that of the common hawthorn, but narrower; ripe in September and October. A very handsome and most desirable species ; producing its leaves and flowers early in the spring, and retaining its leaves and fruit till the first autumnal frosts. XXVI. iiOSA CE^ : CRATM GUS. 375 Sect. Char. corymbs. § xii. Oxyacanthce. Leaves obovate, triiid, or variously cut. Fruit generally red. Flowers numerous, in ¥ 24'. C. Oxyaca'ntha L. The sharp-thorned Crataegus, or comn-on Hawthorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 683. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don'.i Mill., 2. p. 600. Synonymes. The Pyracantha of the Greeks ; iV/espilus Oxyaranthi Gccrtn. and A'. Du Ham. ; E'pine blanche, noble E'pine, Bois de Mai, Scuelleir Aubtpine, N(5flier Aubepine, Fr.; Hagedorn, gemeiner WeisiJorn, Gcr. ; Hagetoan, Dan. ; Hagetorn, Swed. ; Acanta da siepe, Azzarolo sal- vatico, and Bianco Spino, Ital. ; Espino bianco, Span. ; White Thorn, Maybush, Quick, Quickset, May. Derivation. Booth derives tho word Haw from hage, or hceg, a hedge ; consequently he makes hawthorn signify hedgethorn. Quick signifies live ; and was, probably, applied, from live hedges made of hawthorn being used instead of fences of dead branches of trees. Whitethorn, from the profusion of its white flowers and its being thorny, or possibly from its white bark, as compared with that of the blackthorn, Pruniis spinbsa. May and Mayhush have reference both to the time of flowering of the plant, and to its use in the May or floral games. The French name Aubepine, refers to its flowering in spring, or in what may poetically be called the morning of the year ; aube signifying the dawning of the day. Engravings. GiErtn. Truct., 2. t. 87. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2054. ; fig. 715. in p. 400. ; the plato in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and owr fig. 662. 662. C. Oxyacintha. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, almost entire, or trifid or cut, glabrous, rather glossy. Corymbs of several flowers. Sepals glandless, acute. Styles 1—3. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub or low tree. Europe, com- mon in hedges, and varying much in different situations. Flowers white ; May. Haws red or scarlet ; ripe in September. Varieties. These are very numerous, and some of them very distinct. In the following enumeration we have confined ourselves to such as we have ac- tually seen in the Hort. Soc. Garden, or in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. ' A. Varieties differing frovi the Species in the general Form and Mode of Growth. * C. O. 2 striata Lodd. Cat., C. O. rigida Ronalds, (the plate in Arb. Brit. , B B 4 •376 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 663. CO. strict;. 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^g. 663.) has the shoots upright, and the general habit as fastigiate as that of a Lonibardy poplar. It was discovered in a bed of seediings in Messrs. Ronald's Nursery, about 1825, and forms a very distinct and desirable variety. 1" C. O. 3 pendula Lotld. Cat. has drooping branches. A very marked variety of this kind, wlaich was selected from a bed of seedlings by General Monckton, is said to be in the collection of thorns at Somer- ford Hall. 664. C. O. regliiffi. t C. O. 4 reahice Hort. Queen Mary's Thor?:. (The plate of the tree in j Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and our Jig. 664..) — Ttie parent tree is in I XXVI. iJOSA CEiE : CRATiE^GUS. 377 a garden near Edinburgh, which once belonged to the Regent Murray. It is very old, and its branches have somewhat of a drooping cha- racter ; but whether sufficiently so to constitute a variety worth propagating as a distinct kind appears to us very doubtful. (Lodd.) C. O. 5 Ceisiana. Hort. is also somewhat fastigiate in its habit ; but it is a much more slender-growing plant; and we have never seen a spe- cimen in a situation where it could display its natural form and mode of growth. C. O. 6 capitata Smith of Ayr differs from the species chiefly in being of a somewhat more fastigiate habit, and in producing its "flowers in close heads, mostly at the extremities of its branches. C. O. 1 jiexuosa Smith of Ayr has the small branches twisted in a zig- zag manner. Horticultural Society's Garden. B. Varieties differing in the Colour of the Flowers. t C. O. 8 rosea Hort. ; E'pinier Marron, Fr. (fg.725. in p. 401.) ; has the petals pink, with white claws, and is a well-known and very beautiful variety. ^ C. O. 9 jninicea Lodd. Cat., C. O. rosea sup^rba Hort., has larger pe- tals, which are of a dark red, and without white on the claws. C. Varieties differing in the Develop ement or Strticture of the Flowers. Y C. O. 10 midtiplex Hort., C. 0. flore pleno Hort. {fig. 722. in p. 401.), has double white flowers, which die off of a beautiful pink ; and which, being produced in great profusion, and lasting a long time, render this a most desirable variety : accordingly, it is to be found in almost every shrubbery and garden. "f CO.]] punicea fibre plena Hort. — Flowers double, nearly as dark and brilliant as C. O. punicea. Imported in ? 1832, by Mr. Masters of Canterbury. '^ C. O. 12 vionbgyna, C. monogyna Jacq., has flowers with only one style, like C. O. sibirica, but does not flower early like that variety. '^ C. O. 13 apetala Lodd. Cat, — This remarkable variety has the flowers without petals, or very nearly so. D. Varieties differing in the Time of Floiuering. C CO. 14 prcecox Hort., the Glastonbury Thorn, comes into leaf in January or February, and sometimes even in autumn ; so that occa- sionally, in mild seasons, it may be in flower on Christmas-day. '. O. 15 sibirica, C. sibirica Lodd. Cat., C. monogyna L. ..A (fig. 665.), is an early leafing variety, a native of'Siberia. "^ "^' In mild seasons, it begins to i)ut forth its leaves in January; and in dry summers it loses them proportionately soon in the autumn. On account of its early leafing and flowering, it well merits a place in collections. The flowers have only one style ; x^o:. but, as there are other varieties ^S having only one style which do not flower early, we have not adopted Linnaeus's name of C. monogyna to this variety, but to another, a native of Britain, which does not flower earlier than the common hawthorn. C. O. 16 transylvdnica Booth, from the pknt in the Hort, Soc. Garden, appears to be nearly, if not quite, the same as C. O. sibirica. 665. C, O. sibirica. 378 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. E. Varieties dijfering in the Colour of the Fruit. ^ C. O. 17 melanocdrpa,C. flssa Lee, C. Oxyacantha platyphylla Lodd. Cat., C. platyphylla Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1874., (fig. 718. in p. 400. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi., and our fig. 666.) C66, C. O. melanoc&rpa. also has the fruit black, as the name implies. It differs from the preceding variety chiefly in being of more vigorous growth ; in having its leaves of a deep rich green, and in flowering a week later. A splendid low tree, deserving a placd in every collection. CC7. C. O. OUTm"i>nii ¥ C. O. 18 0/ivmana- C. 0\\y eriana Bosc, Dec. Prod, ii, p. 630., and XXVI. iZOSA^EiE : CRAT^^GUS. 379 Don's Mill. ii. p. 601.; C. Olivers Lodd. Cat. ; C. orientalis Lodd. Cat., Bot. Reg. t. 1953. {Jig. 719. in p. 400. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol.vi. ; and our^^. 667.) ; has the leaves small and hoary, and the fruit also small and black. Avery distinct variety. Hort. Soc. t CO. \d aurea Hort., C. flava Hort. (/g. 723. in p.40'l.), has the leaves like C. O. obtusata, and the fruit roundish, and of a golden yellow. This is a very distinct variety, and ought never to be omitted in collections. "¥ C. O. 20 aiirantiaca Booth is said to have orange-coloured fruit ; but there are only small plants of it in the London gardens. Mr. Wil- son found, in Ayrshire, a variety vvith greenish orange fruit. (Hook.) Y C. O. 21 leiicocdrpa, a variety with white haws, is said to have been discovered in a hedge near Bampton, in Oxfordshire ; but we have never seen it. F. Varieties differing in having the Fruit woolly. t C. O. 22 eriocdrpa Lindl., C. erioc&rpa Lodd. Cat. (fg. 720. in p. 400. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and on\- Jig. 668.), is a robust 6Cb. C. O. enocarpa. rapidly growing variety, with large leaves, and strong thick shoots ; a clear white bark, and few thorns. It is very prolific in flowers, and the fruit which succeeds them is woolly in its young state, but not large. If ever the hawthorn should be cultivated for its timber, to supply the wood-engravers as a substitute for box, this variety and C. O. melanocarpa will deserve the preference. Hort. Soc. G. Varieties differing in the Form of the Leaves. C. O. 23 obtusata Dec. Prod.; il/espilus Oxyacdntha integrifolia Wallr. Sailed. 219. ; C. oxyacanthoides Tliuill. Fl. Par. 245., Bof. Reg. t. 1128., Bec.Fl.Fr.vf. p. 433.; C. Oxyacantha Fl. Dan. t. 333.; the French hawthorn. {Jig. 714. in p. 399.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our/g. 669.) — Leaves rather rhomb- shaped at the base, obovate, undivided, or with three obtuse lobes, 380 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 669. C. O. obtusita. I crenate, of the same colour on both surfaces. Styles 1 — 3. Fruit containing more than 1 seed. Distinguished from the species by its > smaller, obovate, less cut, flat, and shining leaves. C. lucida Smith of Ayr, C. oxyacanthciides lucida Sweet, is scarcely or not at all dif- ferent from this variety. If C. O. 24- quercijvUa Booth (fig. 721. in p. 401.) appears very distinct in regard to foliage. (jIO. C. O. laciniata. t C. O. 25 laciniata, C. \&c\mktsi Lodd. Cat C/g- 716. in p. 400.; the j I XXVI. iJOSA^CE^ : CRATiE^GUS. 3S1 plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our .%. 670.), has finely cut leave.s ; the shoots are comparativeh' slender, the plant less robust, and the fruit smaller, than in the species. It is a very distinct and elegant variety. ¥ C. O. 26 pteridifolia, C. ;jterif6lia Lodd. Cat. (Jig. 717. in p. 400.), resembles the preceding, but the leaves are longer in proportion to their breadth, and more elegantly cut. ¥ C. O. 27 oxyphjlla Monckton. — Leaves much larger than those of the species. Raised by General Monckton, at Soraerford, in ? 1837. Horticultural Society's Garden. H. Varieties differing in the Colour of the Leaves. ¥ C. O. 28 foliis aiireis Lodd. Cat., C. lutescens Booth, has leaves varie- gated with yellow ; but they have generally a ragged and diseased appearance, when fully expanded ; though, like those of most other variegated deciduous plants, when first opening in spring, they are strikingly showy and distinct. I t C. (). 29 foliis argenfeis Hort. has leaves variegated with white; but, like the preceding variety, it cannot be recommended as handsome at I any other period than when the leaves are first expanding. 1^ C. O. 30 liicida. — We apply this name to a very distinct and very i beautiful-leaved variety, which forms a standard in the southern I boundary hedge of the Hort. Soc. Garden, and which, we trust, will i soon be propagated in the nurseries. The leaves are large, I'egularly ! cut, somewhat coriaceous in texture, and of a fine Miining green. ' The plant is of vigorous growth. ! The common hawthorn, in its wild state, is a shrub or small tree, with a ! smooth bark and very hard wood. The rate of growth, when the plant is 1 young, and in a good soil and climate, is from 1 foot to 2 or 3 feet a year, 1 for the first three or four years ; afterwards its growth is slower, till the j shrub or tree has attained the height of 12 or 15 feet, when its shoots are produced chiefly in a lateral direction, tendmg to increase the width of the head of the tree rather than its height. In a wild state, it is commonly found as a large dense bush : but, pruned by accident or design to a single stern, it forms one of the most beautiful and durable trees of the third rank that can be planted : interesting and valuable for its sweet-scented flowers in May, and for its fruit in autumn, which supplies food ftir some of the smaller birds during part of the winter. In hedges, the hawthorn does not flower and fruit very abundantly when closely and frequently clipped ; but, when the hedges are only cut in at the sides, so as to be kept withm bounds, i'.nd the summits of the plants are left free and untouched, they flower and fruit as freely as when trained as separate trees. The plant lives for a cen- tury or two, and there are examples of it between 40 ft. and 50 ft. in height, ] with trunks upwards of 3 ft. in diameter at 1 ft. from the ground. ■ The wood of the hawthorn is very hard, and difficult to work : its colour i IS white, but with a yellowish tinge; its grain is fine, and it takes a beautiful polish ; but it is not much used in the arts, because it is seldom found of suf- ficient size, and is, besides, apt to warp. It weighs, when green, 68 lb. 12 oz. per cubic foot ; and, when dry, 57 lb. 5 oz. It contracts, by drying, one ^ eighth of its bulk. It is employed for the handles of hammers, the teeth ^ of mill-wheels, for flails and mallets, and, when heated at the fire, for canes and walking-sticks. The branches are used, in the country, for heating . ovens ; a purpose for which they are very proper, as they give out much heat, and possess the property of burning as readily when green, as in their drv state. They are not less useful in the formation of dead hedges, for the • protection of seeds, or of newly planted live hedges or single trees ; and Ijthey will last a considerable time without decayinsr ; especially when thev have 332 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. some regard to tlie spines by which they are defended. The fruit is astringent. By far the most important use of the hawthorn is as a hedge plant. For this purpose, it is phinted in single or in double lines, most commonly along the margin of a ditch ; though, however convenient this may be with respect to fencing the plants when young, and draining the soil, it is a great draw- back to their progress afterwards, by preventing their roots from extending themselves, except on one side ; and, by the drainage of the ditch, it also deprives them of their natural share of moisture. Wherever thorn hedges are planted, and intended to thrive, the ground ought to be trenched at least 2 ft. in depth, manured if poor, and the plants inserted on a flat sur- face, so as to receive and retain the whole of the moisture that falls from the heavens. The hawthorn will do no good unless planted in a soil naturally dry and fertile, or that has been rendered so by art. The plant is never found natu- rally on a wet soil ; and, if planted on such a soil, it soon becomes stunted, and covered with lichens and moss. The situation should be airy ; but it will grow either in exposed places, or in such as are sheltered, and even some- what shaded, by other trees. In cases of this kind, however, it neither forms a handsome tree, nor a close thick hedge. The species is almost always propagated by seeds, but sometimes by cut- tings of the roots ; which, when about half an inch in tliickness, and 1 ft. or 18 in. in length, and planted vrith the root end undermost, speedily make large plants. Where old thorn plants are taken up, the roots may always be used for forming new hedges ; but it must be acknowledged that, as they do not all send up shoots equally, some remaining a year in the ground before they do so, the preferable mode is to plant them in a nursery for the first year ; or, if this is not done, they ought to be planted thick, so as to make allowance for some not pushing till the second year, and some not pushing at all. When the hawthorn is to be raised from seed, the haws should not be gathered till they are dead ripe ; which will be in October or November. As many haws contain more than one seed, they ought not to be put in the ground entire, but, if they are to be sown immediately, they must be mace- rated in water till the pulp is separated from the nuts ; and the latter should then be mixed with dry sand, to keep them separate, and to enable the sower to scatter them equally over the surface. .But, as the seeds do not come up till the second year, a saving of ground is made by keeping them the first jear in a heap, technically called a rot-heap, mixed with a sufficient quantity* of soil, to prevent them from heating, and to facilitate the decomposition of the pulp. These heaps are kept in the open air, and exposed to the full influence of the weather; care being taken to turn them over frequently, at least, once a month, so as to equalise this influence. When the seeds are not to be prepared in a heap, they should be sown in November or Decem- ber, as soon as separated from the pulp ; but, when they are to be separated by decomposition in a heap, they neec{ not be sown till the February, or even ' the March, of the second year ; by which means fifteen or sixteen months' use of the soil is saved. They may be sown thinly in beds, the seeds being scat-; tered so as to lie about 1 in. apart every way, and covered about a quarter ofj an inch. The nursery culture required is mere routine. Hawthorns ought! always to be two years transplanted before they are employed for hedges;] younger and untransplanted plants, though cheaper to purchase, are always) the most expensive to the planter, as they require temporary protection for a( longer period. As stocks, hawthorn plants may be treated like stocks forj fruit trees ; and the different species and varieties may be budded and grafted] on them, either for dwarfs or standard high, in a similar manner. Not only! the different species of Cratae^gus, but those of ilfespilus, .S'orbus, Pyrus, and; even ilfalus, C'ydonia, AineldncMer, Eriobotrya, and others, may be grafted or tile common hawthorn ; and in this way field hedges m.ight be renderei ornamental, and even productive of useful fruits. i XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : CRATJE GUS, 383 § xiii. Parvifblice. Sect. Char. Leaves small, ovate, serrated or notched, but scarcely lobed. Fruit green, or greenish yellow ; rather large, hai'd. 3^ 25. C. PARViFO^LiA Alt. The small-leaved Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. IG9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. C27. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Synonymes. JV/espilus axillaris Pers. Si/n. 2. p. 37. ; M. tomentbsa Pair. Diet. 4. p. 443. ; M. xan- thocarpos Lin.fil. Suppl. 254. ; M. parviiblia Wats. Dend. Brit. ; Cratse'gus tomentt)sa Lin. Sp fi82., Trew FJir. t. 17. ; C. uni- fl6ra Du liui ; C. turbinata Pursh; C. viridis, a.Killaris, 6e- tulifdlia, florida, linearis, Lodd. Cat. ; Gooseberry-leaved Thorn; Lord Iley's Thorn. Engravings. Trew Ehr., t. 17. ; Dend. Brit., t. 65. ; our j?^. 671. ; and^. 727. in p. 402. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-lanceolate, incisely serrated, and pubescent. Flowers mostly solitary. Branchlets and calyxes villose. Stipules bristle- like. Sepals serrated. Fruit almost top-shaped, yellow, or yellowish green. Nuts 5. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. North America, New Jersey to Carolina, in sandy shady woods. 671 C. parrifbHa. Heigh Flowers white ; May and 672. C. p. fldrida. 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced previously to 1713, June, rather later than in most other spe- cies. Haws large, greenish yellow ; ripe in November, often hanging on the tree all the winter. Varieties. ■^ C. p. 2 florida, C. florida Lodd. Cat. {fig. 726. in p. 402., and our fig. 672.), has the leaves and fruit some- what smaller and rounder than those of the species. 34 C. p. 3 grossularicpfdlia, C. linearis Lodd. Cat. (fig. 728. in p. 402., and our fig. 673.), has the leaves lobcd, and somewhat like those of the gooseberry. These varieties run so much into .^ one another, that, unless they are seen together in a living state, as in Messrs. Loddiges's arboretum, it is difficult to distinguish them from the species, or from each other ; for, however different the leaves may appear in our figures (see p. 402.), all the forms of these may occasionally be found on the same plant : and some plants of each variety are wholly without spines, while in others the spines are very numerous. As all of them are small plants, with flowers large m proportion to the size of the £73. p. grosswiariiEfoiia leaves, they are well adapted for exemplifying the genus Cratse^gus in a minia- ture arboretum. 384 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^ 26. C. virgi'nica Lodd. The Virginian Thorn. Identification. Lodd. Cat., ed. 1830, and ed. 183G. Synonymes. C. virginiana Hurt., C. spathulata Mickx. and Lindl. Hot. Reg. t. 1890. ; C. viridii Hort. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1890. ; fig. 729. in p. 402.; and our^. 674. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, cuneate, glabrous, shining, notched, but not lobed ; small. Fruit round, rather larger than a common haw, green. A low shrub. Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; June. Fruit green ; October, often remaining on the branches during the winter. 674. C. virginicft. Tiie plant bears a general resemblance to C. spathulata (No. 17.) in its foliage and habit of growth ; but the foliage of the latter is lobed, while that of the former is entire. The fruit of C. virginica is, also, six times larger than that of C. spathulata ; and is of a dark green, while the othei- is of a bright red. The blossoms and fruit of C. virginica are, also, produced in corymbs of twos and threes ; while those of C. spathulata consist of a considerable number of flowers. The species differ, also, in the foliage ; which in C. spathulata has long winged foot.stalks, while in C. virginica the footstalks are short and slen- der. (See the leaves of C. virginica Jig. 720. in p. 402., and of C. spathulata Jig. 704. in p. 396.) § xiv. Mexicdna. Sect. Char. Leaves large, oval-lanceolate, notched and serrated. Fruit large, green or greenish yellow. j i 1 27. C. mexica'na Moc. et Sesse. The Mexican Thorn. ! Iiknti/kation. Moc. et Sesse Fl. Mex. icon, inedit.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629. ; Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard., 2d ser. t. 300. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 601. ! Synunymcs. C. stipulacca Lodd. Cat., see Gard. Mag. ix. p. 630. ; C Lambert!a?t« Hort. j Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fi.-Gard., 2d ser. t. 300. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1910. ; our fig. 730. in p. 402. • the ' plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 675. Spec Char,, S(c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, notched and serrated ; acuminate, somewhat ciliated at the base. Petioles short, channeled, and with a | winged margin. Stipules stalked. Corymbs terminal. Petals scarcely longer than the calycine teeth. Stamens varying from 10 to 15. Styles j 2, or rarely 4. Fruit large, pale green, or yellowish, when ripe ; and, | with the leaves, remaining on the tree all the winter in sheltered situa- 1 tioi!S. Handsome, and resembling a small apple, but not good to eat. Aj low tree ; evergreen against a wall, and sub-evergreen as a standard in the I clii'.iate of London, and southwards. Mexico, on table lands. Height 20it.^ to 30ft.; in British gardens 10ft. to loft. Introduced in 1824. Flowersi large, white ; June. Fruit large, pale green, ripening against a wall in October., XXVI. ROSA CEiE : CKAIJE GUS. 885 675. C. mexickna. A remarkable and very handsome species, resembling, in general appearance. Mespilus grandiflora. § XV. Vyracnntha. Sect. Char. Leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous, entire, small, evergreen. Fruit numerous, of a bright coral colour. * 28. C. Pyraca'ntha Pers. The fiery Thorn, or Pyracantha. Ideniifieation. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 37.; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 29. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Synonymes. Afespilus PyracSntha L. ; evergreen Thorn ; Buisson ardent, Fr. ; iremergrune Mis- pel, Ger. ; Agazzino, Ital. ^ Engravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 182. f. 1.; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 13. f. 2. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 20. No. 2. ; and our fig. 676. Spec. Char., Sfc, Evergreen. Leaves glabrous, ovate-lance- I elate, crenate. Lobes of the calyx obtuse. Styles 5. i Fruit globose, scarlet, ornamental ; continuing a good while upon the plant ; which, on account of the colour of its i fruit, and of its being a shrub, is called in France Buisson ' ardent. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe, in rugged places and hedges. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers white ; May. Fruit red ; ripe in September. farieti/. • C. P. 2 crenulatn. C. crenulata Hort. — A plant bearing ""■ "■ ^"'=^''*- this name in the Hort. Soc. Gard. differs very little from the species. ; The flowers and fruit are produced in large corymbs, which are very orna- nental ; and the fruit remains on all the winter, especially when the shrub is rained against a wall. The berries are bitter, and are not so greedily eaten y birds as those of some other kinds, unless in very severe winters. The lant is very hardy, and, in the open garden, forms a handsome evergreen bush ; nd, if grafted standard high on the common hawthorn, it would form a most esirable evergreen low tree. c c 386 ARBORETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. CratcB^gus coccinea. The scarlet^ruiVec? Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. XXVI. 7?osA^cE^: crat.e'gus. 387 CratcB-gus coccinea cordllina, and C. c. indentdM. The coxM-uitad Thorn, and the indented-/ertt;^f^ Thorn. Leaves the natural size. C c 2 388 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Zratce'gus glandulosa, and C. g. subvillosa. Tlie glandular Thorn, and the subviilose-Zearefi' Leaves and fruit of the natural size. the subvillose-Zearerf glandular Thorn. xxvr. jjosa'ce^ : crat.e^gus. 389 CratcB^ffus punctata, and C. pi/rifulia. The doited-fruited Thorn, and the Pear-leaved Thorn. ' Leaves and .^ ,,,^11, fruit of the ^iw natural size. ! C. pyrifWia, '; from an old ! tree. c c 3 390 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. CratcB^gus macracdntha. The long-spined Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. C, m. mliKir XXVI. rosaVe-^: crat^^gus. 391 Crat^jB^gus Crus-gdlli, etvar. The Cock's-spur Thorn, and its varieties. Leaves and fruit of the nalural size. C. Crfis-gaUi. 392 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Q^rcUm-gus nigra, and C. purpurea. The black-/r««Verf Tliorn, and the purple-^rawc^ec? Thorn. Leaves _mitm..«n^ «»^ and fruit of the natural size. XXVI. iJOSA CEjE : CKAT^ GUS. 393 CratOB^gus purpurea aitdica, and C. Dougldsn. The Altaic purple- branched Thorn, and Douglas's Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. t- DouglasH. 394 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. WattB'gus jiava, and C. lohata. The yellow-yrMzYec? Thorn, and the XoheiS. leaved Thorn. , Leaves and fruit of the natural size. ! XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : CRAT^GUS. 395 Crake'yus trilohata, and C. apiifolia. The three-lobed-/e«fec? Thorn, and the Parslej-Ieaved Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. 396 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Cratcc'gus corddta, and C. spathulHta. The heart-shaped-leaved Thorn, and the spathnla-s/iaped-leaved Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. C- spathulAta- XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : CRAT^. GUS. 39: Cratci'gus Azarolus, C. Aronia, and C. maroccana. The Azarole Thorn, the Aronia Thorn, and the Morocco Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. 398 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Cratce'gus orientdlis, et var., and C. tanacetifolia, et var. The Eastern Thorn, and the Tansy-leaved Thorn, with Varieties. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. xxvr. iJosA^cEiE : crat.f/gus. 399 Craicegns tanacetifdUa Leekna, C. heterophylla, and C. Oxyacantha ohtusata. Lee's Tansy-leaved Thorn, the various-leaved Thorn, and ! the obtuse-Zeatrc? Hawthorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. 400 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. CratcB'gus Oxyacdntha, et var. The common Hawthorn, and Five d its Varieties. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. ^'- 0.01ivicri4«fl XXVI. 7IOSA CE^ : CKATJE GUS. 401 Cratce^gus Oxyacdntha var Five Varieties of the Hawthorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. 40-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Cratce'gus parvifolia, C p. Jiorida, Cp. grossularicBfolia^C virginica, C. mexichna. The small-leaved Thorn, the Florida Thorn, the Goose- berry-leaved Thorn, the Virginian Thorn, and the Mexican Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. XXVI ROSA CEJE : PHOTINIA. 403 Genus XV. STRANViE^S/zl Lindl. The Stranv.'E^sia. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagjnia. Jdentijication. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. • Synonyyne. Crataegus in part. Derivation. In honour of the Hon. fK T. H. Fox Strangwat/s, F.H.S., &c., a botanical amateur, wlio possesses a rich collection. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, concave, sessile, spreading, villous at the base. Stamens 20, spreading. Ovary villous, superior, 3-celled ; cells containing 2 ovules. Fruit spherical, enclosed by the calyx, contain- ing a superior, 5-valved, hard, brittle, dehiscent capsule. Seeds oblong. Testa cartilaginous. {Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; lanceolate, serrated. Flowers corymbose. — An evergreen tree ; native of the temperate parts of Asia ; in Britain a rather tender shrub. • 1. S. glauce'scens Lindl. The ^ancous-leaved Stranvaesia. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 19.56. Synonyine. Cratae'gus glauca IVall. Cat. 673. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1956. ; and our ^gi. 731. and 732. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves lance- olate, coriaceous, serrated, pointed at the base ; midrib and nerves on the under side, as well as the young twigs, hairy. Corymbs somewhat woolly. Pedicels 3 or 4 times as long as the bud. (Lindl.) An evergreen shrub ; in Nepal, a tree 20 ft. high. Introduced in 1828. Flowers white; July. Fruit small, yellowish red ; ripe in October. Somewhat tender when treated as a standard in the open garden but, when trained against a wall, forming a very handsome ever- green. Propagated by grafting on Cratae^gus. J 31. StranTse^sia glauc6scens. 732 S. glauc^scens. Genus XVI. PHOTI'NIA Lindl. The Photinia. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. See. Trans., 13. p. 103.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 631. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 602. 'iynonyme. Crata^^gus sp. L. iJerivalion. From p/ioteinos, shining ; in al'^ision to the lucid surface of the leaves. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovarium semiadherent, vil- lous, 2-celled. Styles 2, glabrous. Pericarp 2-celled, enclosed in the fleshy calyx. Testa cartilaginous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; quite entire, or serrated. D D 2 404 ARBORETUM ET 1 'ynonymes. J/espilus sp. Lin. ; Neflier cotonneux, Fr. ; Quitten-Mispel, Ger. ; Cotognastro, Ital. Derivation. Cotoneaster, a sort of barbarous word sipnifving quince-like. The quince was called CoUmea by Pliny : and aster, a corruption of ad instar, is used occasionally to express similitude. D D 3 406 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The genus, and C. frigida in particular, is not unlike the quince in its leaves. {LindUey in Bot, Reg.t. 1187. and 1229.) Gen. Char. Flowers polj'gamous from abortion. Calyx turbinate, bluntly 5-toothed. Petals short, erect. Stamens length of the teeth of" the calvx. Styles glabrous, shorter than the stamens. Carpels 2 — 3, parietal, biovu- late, enclosed in the calyx. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; generally woolly beneath. Flowers in corymbs, lateral, spreading, furnished with deciduous subulate bracteas. Petals small, permanent. — Shrubs or low- trees. Natives of Europe, America, and Asia. The species are very desirable garden shrubs or low trees, from the beauty of their foliage, their flowers, and their fruit ; the fruit of C. frigida and C. afFinis, in particular, being produced in great abundance, and being of an intense scarlet colour, have a very splendid appearance, and remain on the trees the greater part of the winter. The cotoneasters are all readily propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, or grafting on C. vulgaris, on the com- mon quince, or on the hawthorn. Though the greater part of the species are natives of Asia, yet in Britain they are found to be as hardy as if they were indigenous to the North of Europe, more especially those of them that are true evergreens. Not one of them was killed by the winter of 1837-8 in the Hort. Soc. Garden. 737. C. Tuliaris. § i. Leaves deciduous. Shruls. m 1. C. vuLGA^Ris Lindl. The common Cotoneaster. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 603. Synonymes. il/cspilus Cotoneaster Lin. Sp. 686., (Ed. Fl. Dan. t. 112. ; N^flier cotonneux, Fr. ; Quitten-Mispel, Ger. ; Salciagnolo, Ifal. Engravings. U2d. Fl. Dan., 1. 112. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl, t. 2713. ; and our .ftg- 737. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base. Peduncles and calyxes glabrous. {Dec. Frod.) A de- ciduous shrub. Europe and Siberia, on the sunny parts of subalpine hills. Height 2 ft. to 3ft. in a wild state; in cultivation 4 ft. to 5 ft. Cultivated in 1656. Flowers white, slightly tinged with pink ; April and May. Fruit red or black ; ripe in July and August. Varieties. The following three forms of this species are to be met with, both in a wild state, and in gardens : — Sife C. V. \ erythrocdrpa Led. Fl. Alt. ii. p. 219. has the fruit red when ripe. ii C. V. 2 melanocdrpa Led., ilfespilus Cotoneaster Pall. Fl. Ross. p. 30. t. 14., M. melanocarpa Fisch., C. melanocarpa Lod. Cat., has the fruit black when ripe. at C.v. 3 depressa Fries Nov. Suec. p. 9., Dec. Prod. ii. p. 632., is rather spiny, with lanceolate acutish leaves, and fruit j^- «'* including 4 carpels. It is a native of the rocks of Sweden near Warberg. ^ 2. C. (v.) TOMENTo'sA Li7tdl. The tomentose, or ivoolly, Cotoneaster. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. : Dec. Prod., 2. p 632.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 603. > r . , v Synonymes. ,1/espiIus toment5sa Willd. Sp. 2. p. 1012., not Lam. ; M. erio- cferpa Dec. Fl. Fr. Synops. and Sjipp/. No. 3691. Engraving. Our fig. 738. from a specimen in the British Museum Spec. Char., Si-c. Leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends. Peduncles and calyxes woolly. (Dec. Prod.) A decidu- ous shrub, like the preceding species, of which it appears to us to be only a variety, found wild on the rocks XXVI. izosA^CE^: cotonea'ster. 407 of Jura, and in other parts of the Alps of Switzerland ; and in cultivation in British gardens since 1759. ^ 3. C. (v.) laxiflo'ra Jacq. The loose-flowered Cotoneaster Identification. Jacq. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1305 ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1305. ; and our Jigs. 739. and 740. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends, smooth above, and woolly beneath. Cjmes panicied, pilose. Calyxes quite smooth. Flowers pink. (^Don's Mill.) Branches brownish purple, with an ash- coloured cuticle, which peels off. A de- ciduous shrub, flowering in April, and having the same general appearance and habit as C. vulgaris, but diflfering from it in having large loose racemes.and in the colour of its flowers, and their greater number. It was raised in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, from seeds sent by Professor Jacquin of Vienna, in 1826. Its native country is 739. C. (v.)lai:iflora. unknown. C. (T.) laiirtora. Varietr/. ^ C. (v.) I. 2 unijldra Fischer.- Garden. -Flowers solitary. Horticultural Society's s * 4. C. DENTicuLA^TA. The toothed-leavcd Cotoneaster. Identfication. H. et B., vol. vi. p. 214. Engravings. H. et B., vol. vi. t. 5.56. ; and our fig. 741. Spec Char. , Sfc. Leaves elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, rounded on both sides, mucronate-cuspidate, den- ticulate at the apex, coriaceous, smooth above, tomentose, pubescent and hoary beneath. Co- rymbs simple. Flowers sub-dodecandrous, with 1 — 2 stigmas. Calyx woolly tomentose. (i/. et B.) A shrub, apparently sub-evergreen, and vevy like C. vulgaris. Mexico, on elevated plains near Actopa, at the height of 6000 ft. Height ?5ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1839. Flowers white ; September. Fruit ?. Raised in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden from seeds sent home by M. Hartweg. 741. C. denticuljtta. § ii. Suh-evergreen or deciduous. Tall Shrubs or low Trees. 5. C. fri'gida Wall. The frigid Cotoneaster Idenlification. Wall, ex Lindl. Bo*. Reg., t. 1229. ; «nd Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonyme. Pyrus Niissia Ham. in Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 237., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 6.34. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1229. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., vol. vi. ; and ourfig. 742. Spec. Char., c^c. Branchlets woolly. Leaves elliptical, mucronate, coriaceous, crenulated, glabrous, woolly beneath when young. Corymbs paniculate, terminal, white, and woolly. Pomes spherical. (Dec. Prod.) A sub-ever- green shrub or low tree. Nepal, on the higher mountains of the northern region. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1824.. Flowers of a snowy white, produced in great abundance ; April and May. Fruit crimson, or bright red ; ripe in September, and generally remaining on the trees great ' part of the winter. , A remarkably robust-growing, sub-evergreen, low tree, producing shoots 3 or w feet long every season, when young ; and, in 3 or 4 years from the seed, "becoming very prolific in Howers ana fruit. As the fruit, with the greater part D D 4 408 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. "44. C. frigida of the leaves, remains on all the winter, the tree makes a splendid appearance at that season ; and, in sheltered situations, in the neighbourhood of London, it may be considered as an evergreen. It is very hardy ; the specific name of frigida being given to it on account of the coldness of the locality in which it was found. It is propagated by grafting on the common hawthorn. t f 6. C. (f.) affi'nis Lhidl. The related (to C. frigida) Cotoneaster. "43 C. If.) affi'nis. XXVI. iiosA CE.E : cotonea'steh. 409 Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; and Don's Mill., 2. p. G(J3. Sywmijmcs. 3/espilus integerrima Haviilt. MSS. ; M. affinis D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 238. ; ? C ku- mann in Lodd. collection. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 743. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves ovate, with a small mucro at the tip, and tapered at the base. Peduncles and calyxes woolly. {Dec. Prod.) A sub-evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal, at Chittong, in the lower country. Height 10 ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers white; April and May. Fruit bright red, or deep crimson ; ripe in September, and remaining on the trees great part of the winter. A robust shrub or low tree, in general habit and appearance so like the preceding sort, as to induce us to think that the}' are only different forms of the same species. They are, however, different in foliage, and on that account worth keeping distinct. 3f t 7. C. ACUMiNA^TA Lindl. The acy\m\nate&-leaved Cotoneaster. Identification. Lindl, in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 603 Synonyme. il/espilus acuminata Lodd. Bat. Cab. t. 919. Ejigi-cwirigs. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. DI9. ; Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. L 9. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 744. I 744. C. acuminata. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminated, rather pilose on both surface.?. Peduncles glabrous, 1 — 2, rather reflexed, shorter than those of C. vulgaris, C. tomentosa, or C. afh^nis. Calyxes glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A sub- evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September, and remaining on the plants all the winter. A vigorous-growing, fastigiate, leathery-leaved shrub, or very handsome sub-evergreen low tree ; very distinct, and a most desirable species. ^ 8, C, NUMMULA^RiA Lindl. The money-like-leaved Cotoneaster. Menlification. Lindl. in Hort. Trans., 6. p. 396. ^ynonymes. C. elliptica Hort. ; Eriobotrya elliptica Lindl. ; itf^spilus Cuile Hort. ; ? C. lae'vis ir Lodd. collection. *^ ' ■» »" , v I Derivation. Probably from the roundness of the leaf, resembling the general form of coins. 1 '^Hravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our J^. 745. 410 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BftriANNlCUM. 745. C. nummulhria. S2'>ec. Char., Sfc. Disk of leaf flat, orbicular, or elliptical, ending in a mucrp, in some instances emarginate. Petiole of about the length of the stipules, which are linear-lanceolate, membranous, and soon fall off. Bark, buds, flower buds, stipules, petiole, the under surface of the disk of the leaf, and part of the upper surface of the mich-ib, tonientosely hairy, while in a young state ; the bark, petioles, midrib on its upper surface, and calyx, become glabrous when old. Flowers in axillary cymes, few in a cyme. Style and carpel, which has a bony shell, mostly solitary. Erect, branched in a spread- ing manner; branchlets straight, slender. An elegant low sub-evergreen tree. Nepal, in the mountainous region. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- duced in 1824. Flowers white ; April and»May. Berries numerous, black; ripe in September. A very handsome species, distinguished at first sight from the others by its spreading habit of growth and smaller leaves. § iii. Leaves evergreen, leathery. Low Sliruhs, with prostrate Branches ; Trailers, hut not properly Creepers. a. 9. C. ROTUNDiFO^LiA Wall. The round-leaved Cotoneaster. Identifi cation. Wall. Cat. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1229. Synunymes. C. micropli;>'lla /3 U'va-firsi Litidl. But. Rrg. 1.1187.; C. U~va-ursi Ilort.; the Bearberry.leaved Nepal Cotoneaster. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1187.; and our Jigs. 746. and 747. Spec, Char., Src Leaves roundish, pi- lose beneath, evergreen. Peduncles l-flowered. Producing its white flow- ers in April and May. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Nepal, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1825. Flowers white, with the backs of the petals often rotiindif'lia. 7 »7. C, rcmindiftH*. ! XXVI. ROSA CEJE : AMELA'NCHIER. 411 pinkish ; April and May. ing on all the winter. Fruit bright scarlet ; ripe in August, and remain- 748. C. (r.) microphyila. A most desirable shrub for a small garden, for clothing a naked wall, cover- ing rockwork, or grafting standard high, so as to form a pendent evergreen tree. a. 10. C. (r.) microphy'lla Wall. The small-leaved Coloneaster. Identification. Wall, ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1114. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. UH. ; and ouryig. 748. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong, obtuse, pubescent beneath, evergreen. Peduncles usually 1-flowered. (Don's Mill.) A prostrate evergreen shrub, closely resembling the preceding species, and in our opinion only a variety of it. Nepal. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white; May and June. Berries bright scarlet ; ripe in August, and remaining on all the winter. It is exceedingly hardy, and forms a fine plant on rockwork, or on a lawn, where it has room to extend itself. A plant of C. microphyila, at High Clere, of about 10 years' growth, was, in 1835, 6 ft. high, and formed a dense bush, covering a space 21 ft. in diameter. Another, at Redleaf, was, in 1837, nearly as large. Grafted standard high on the thorn, or any of its congeners, this shrub forms a singular and beautiful evergreen drooping tree : or it will cover a naked wall nearly as rapidly as ivy; and it possesses a decided advantage over that plant, and particularly over the variety called the giant ivy, in its shoots, which may be prevented from extending many inches from the face of the wall, and, consequently, being not likely to injure the plants growing near it. Were the practice of training trees and shrubs in architectural or sculp- tural shapes again to come into fashion, there are few plants better adapted for the purpose than this and the preceding sort of Cotoneaster. «. 11. C. (r.) ^uxifolia Wall. The Box-leaved Cotoneaster. Identification. Wall, ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1229. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Engraving. Our fig. 749. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, woolly beneath, evergreen. Peduncles 2 — 3-flowered, woolly. Flowers white. {Don's Mill.) A native of Neelgherry ; introduced in 1824; and ap- parently a variety of C. rotundifolia, from which it diifers in having the peduncles 2- and 3-flowered, but scarcely in any thing else. Variety, n. 749. C. (r.) iuiifblia. C. (b.) 2 viargindta, C. marginata Lindl., has rather larger leaves, which are covered thickly on the under side and margin with a dense white tomentum. Raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1838, from seeds received from Dr. Falconer of Saharunpore. Genus XVIII. 1 AMELA'NCHIER Med. The Amelanchier. Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Med. Gesch., 1793. i Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans , 13. p. 100. : Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; j Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. > i > . »- i m 412 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonyines. A/espilus L. ; Pyrus W. ; Arbma. Pen. Derivation, According to Clusius, Amelancier is the old Savoy name for y4. vulgaris. (£. o/P/.) Amelancier is the Savoy name for the medlar. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals lanceolate. Stamens rather shorter than the calyx. Ovarium oi 10-cells, or of 5 bipartite ones. Ovula 10, solitary in the partitions of the cells. Styles 5, joined together a little at the base. Pome, when mature, 3 — 5 celled. Seeds 3 — 5 ; endocarp cartilaginous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated. Flowers white, in racemes. Bracteas linear lanceolate, deciduous. — Small trees, natives of Europe, America, or Asia. In British gardens, they are cultivated for their flowers, which are white, abundant, showy, and produced early in the season ; for their fruit, which ripens in June ; and for the deep red, or rich yellow hue, which their foliage assumes in autumn. They are propagated by grafting on the hawthorn or the quince; or the weaker on the stronger-growing species of the genus. i 1. ^.VULGARIS Mcenck. The common Amelanchier. Identification. Mcench Meth^, 682. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. JV/espilus Arneldnchicr Lin. Sp. 685., Jacq. Fl. Aiistr. t. 300. ; Pyrus Amelanchier Willd. Sp. 2. p. 1015. ; ^rbnia rotundif61ia Pers. Syn. 2. p. 39. ; CratEe'gus rotundif 61ia Lam. ; S6rbus Amelanchier Crantz ; Alisier Amelanchier, Amelanchier des Bois, Neflier h. Feuilles rondes, Pr. ; Felsenbirne, Ger. ; Pero cervino, Ital. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 300. ; But. Mag., t. 2430. ; and our fig. 750. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-oval, bluntish, downy beneath, afterwards glabrous. Fruit dark blue. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous low tree. Continent of Europe, the Alps, Pyrenees, and at Ton - tainbleau in France. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. [ntroduced in 1396. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit black, soft and eatable; ripe in July. Decaying leaves bright yellow. A most desirable low tree, on account of its early and numerous flowers, which cover the tree like a white sheet, about the middle of April, and, in very mild seasons, even in INIarch. Ameldnclrirr vnli^i.ris. * 2 2. A. (v.) Botrya'pium Dec. The Grape-Pear, or Snoiuy-blossomed Amelanchier. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 202. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Jl/espilus canadensis Lin. Sp. 185. ; M. arbdrea Michx. Arb. 2. t. 66. ; Crataegus race- mbsa Lam. Diet. 1. p. 84. ; P^rus Botryapiam Lin. fil. Suppl. p. 255. ; ArhniA Botryapium Pers Syn. 2. p. 39. ; the Canadian Medlar, Snowy Mespilus, June Berry, wild Pear Tree; Alisier de Choisy, Amelanchier de Choisy, Alisier a Grappes, Fr. ; Trauhenbirne, Ger. Engravings. Schm. Arb., t. 84. ; Willd. AbbiW., t. 79. ; Krause, t. .56. ; the plates of this species, in a young and an old state, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; our^g. 751., from a specimen taken from the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, with the leaves and flowers fully expanded ; and figs. 752. and 753., copied from Michaux's North American Sylva ; tfig. 751. showing the plant in spring before the flowers are fully opened ; A|L and fig. 752. showing the plant in W fruit. Both difltr in some respects fromyfg. 7.53. See Sir W.J. Hooker's remarks under A. ov&lis, No. 4. 5/jec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ob- long-eUiptical, cuspidate, somewhat villous when young, afterwards glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree, closely 7S1. A. (v.) Botljipium. 7S». A. (T., BotrjAfiiuin. XXVI. bosa'ce^: amelj'nchier. resembling the preceding species ; and by some bo- tanists considered as only a variety of it. America. Height in America 30 ft. to 40 ft., with a trunk 10 in. to 12 in. in diameter; in England 20 ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1746. Flowers white; April. Fruit purple, agreeable to eat; ripe in the beginning of June. Decaying leaves rich yellow. A very ornamental tree, from its profusion of blossoms" early in April, and from its rich autumnal foliage ; and even the fruit is not altogether to be despised, either eaten by itself, or in tarts, pies, and puddings. The wood is white, and it exhibits no dif- ference between the heart and the sap : it is longitu- dinally traversed by small bright red vessels, which intersect each other, and run together ; a physiolo- ifical peculiarity which, Michaux observes, occurs also 413 in the red birch. Sk'i 3. A. (v.) sangui'nea Bee. 753. A. (V.) Botryapium. The blood-coloured Amelanchier. 2. p. 633. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1171. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. Identification. Dec. Prod. p. 203. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Pyrus sangulnea Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 340. ; ^rbnia sangulnea Nutt. ; itfespilu* canadensis y rotundif 61ia Michaux Fl. Bor. Amer. I. p. 391 . ^ Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1171. ; and our ^gs. 754. and V-'iS. / (^ 754. ^.(v.)sangufaea. 755. A. (t.) sanpuinea. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, mucronate, finely serrated, somewhat heart-shaped at the base. Flowers few in a raceme. Calyx gla- brous. Petals linear, obtuse. Fruit eatable. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree or large shrub. Hudson's Bay. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white ; April. Fruit dark purple, full of blood-coloured juice; ripe in July. Decaying leaves rich yellow. This plant differs from A. (v.) Botrj-apium in the fewer flowers, much shorter raceme, and shorter, broader, and more ovate petals ; in the young leaves being perfectly destitute of pubes- ..X i cence, and the head somewhat fastigiate. * "i". 4. A. (v.) ovaYis Dec. The ovaWwc? Amelanchier. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Crats'gus spic&ta Lam. Did. 1. p. 84. ? ; Mespilus Amelanchier Walt. Car. p. 1S4. ; A. parvifl6ra Doue. MS. ; M. canadensis var. « ovalis Michr. Atn. I. p. 291. ; Pyrus ovalis n'illd. Sp. 2. p. 1014. ; y/ronia ovalis Peri. Syn. 2. p. 240. ; Amelan- chier du Csiiada, Alisier a E'pi, Fr. ; rundblattrige Birne, Ger. Engraving. Fig. 756. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves roundish-elliptical, acute ; when young, rather velvety beneath ; when adult, glabrous. Raceme coarctate. Petals obovate. Calyx i pubescent. (Dec. Prod.) A large deciduous shrub i or low tree. North America, from Lake Huron to 414 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the Rocky Mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers, white; April. Fruit purple; ripe in July. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Varieties. 3fe ^f A. (v.) o. 2 subcorddta Dec. ; ^ronia subcordata Raf. ; iWalus micro- carpa Raf. — A native of mountains near New York. {Dec. Prod.) a^ 5: A. {v.) o. 3 semi-integrifdlia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 201. — Leaves for the most part separated at the apex. A native about the Grand Rapids, and at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Sir Wm. J. Hooker is disposed to agree with Dr. Torrey, who suspects this to be only a variety of A. Botryapium ; and he adds that Michaux seems to have included A. Botryapium and A. vulgaris under his A. canadensis. The wood of A. ovalis, according to Dr. Richardson, is prized by the Cree Indians for making arrows and pipe stems; and it is thence termed by the Canadian voyagers Bois de fleche. Its berries, which are about the size of a pea, are the finest fruit in the country ; and are used by the Cree Indians both in a fresh and in a dried state. They " make excellent puddings, very little inferior to plum-pudding." (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amcr., i. p. 203.) St 1 b. A. (v.) flo'rida Lindl. The flowery Amelanchier. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1589.; Card. Mag., vol. ix. p. 484. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1589. ; and our Jigs.7bS. to a scale of 2 in. to 1 ft., and fig. 757. of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends, coarsely serrate in the terminal portion, glabrous in every state. Bracteas and stipules feathery at the tip, soon falling off. Flowers in upright racemes, many in a raceme. Calyx gla- brous externally ; its segments longer than, or at least as long as, the stamens. (Lindl.) A handsome hardy deciduous shrub or low tree, in habit and general appearance like A. (v.) Botryapium, but at once recognised as distinct by its fastigiate habit of growth, and by the short- ness of its stamens. North America, on the north-wegt coast. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white ; May. ripe in August. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Variety. J* A. (v.) f. 2 parvifolia, the A. parvifolia of the Horticultural Society's Garden, is of a dwarf habit, not growing above 3 or 4 feet high, and has smaller leaves. The leaves somewhat resemble those of the hornbeam ; the petals vary in length, some having measured more than J of an inch. In general habit, it is somewhat more fastigiate than the other sorts, unless we except J. sanguinea, to which, Dr. Lindley observes, it is very near akin. Possibly a distinct spe- cies, but we doubt it. A. (v.) fldrida. 758. .4. (T.) fldrida. Fruit purple ; Genus XIX. lii il/E'SPILUS Lindl The Medlar, Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 99. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 60^ , Synonymes. 3/espilus sp. of Lin. .ind others ; Mespil6phora sp. of Neck. ; Neflier, tr. ; i">»l Ger. ; Neepolo, Ital. . n , Derivation. From mcsos, a half, and pilos, a buliet ; fruit resembling half a bullet. XXVI. rosa'cf.m: amela'nchier. 415 Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, the segments foliaceouG. Petals nearly orbicular. Disk large, full of honey. Styles 2 — 5, glabrous. Poyne turbinate, open ; 5-celled. Endocarp bony. (Don^s Jllill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, serrulated. Flowers large, nearly sessile, usually solitary, white. Bracteas permanent. — Trees ; in a wild state furnished with spines. Natives of Europe. The first species is cultivated for its fruit, which is eatable, and the seeds of which are accounted anti-lithic. The second species is an ornamental shrub or low tree, of the general character of a Cratae^gus. Both are propagated by grafting on the quince, the wild pear, or the common hawthorn ; and both grow freely in any common soil, rather moist than dry. 1 1. M. germa'nica L. The German, or common. Medlar. Identification. Lin. Sp.. 684. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 13. f. 1. ; Dec. Prod, 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 13. f. I. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vl. ; and OUT fig. 759. 759. 3fe3pihis germanica. Spec. Cliar., ^c. Leaves lanceolate, tomentose beneath, undivided. Flowers solitary. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree of the second rank. Europe and the West of Asia, in bushy places and woods ; and said to be found, also, in Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and about Chester, in England ; apparently in a truly wild state in Su.ssex. Cultivated in 1596. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October and November. Decaying leaves dark brown, or yelloV. ' orieties, DeCandoUe gives the following forms of this species, which may , be considered as natural varieties : — 416 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. "t M.g. 1 sj/Ivestris Mill. Diet. No. 1. — Spiny. Fruit small. It loses its spines in a state of cultivation, t M. g. 2 stricta Dec, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 172., Dod. Pempt. 801.— Spineless. Leaves doubly serrated. "t M. g. 3 diffusa Dec., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 172., Du Ham. Arb. Fr. i. t. 3. — Thornless. Leaves neai'ly entire. Fruit, in many instances, abortive of seeds. In the Horticultural Society's Fruit Catalogue, the following four culti- vated sorts are given, which may be considered as artificial varieties : — 1. Blake's large-fruited Medlar. 2. Dutch Medlar. — Fruit the largest of any. 3. Nottingham, or commcn, Medlar. — Fruit obovate, middle size, and of the best quality : the only sort worth cultivating for its fruit in England. 4. The stoneless Medlar. — Fruit small, and of little merit. The fruit of the medlar is not eaten till in a state of incipient decay, when it is very agreeable to some palates ; though it is, as Du Hamel observes, more un fruit de fantaisie, than one of utility. A number of trees of the dif- ferent varieties may be seen in the orchard of the Horticultural Society's Garden, where they have taken very picturesque shapes. ^ 2. M. Smi'th// Dec. Smith's* Medlar. Identfficatkm. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. Synonymes. M. grandiflora Smith Exot. Bot. 1. p. 33. ; M. lob?ita Pair, Hook, in Bot. Mag. t, 3342. Engravings. Smith Exot. Bot., 1 . t. 18. ; Eot. Mag., t. 3442. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi ; and oar fig. 760. 760. ^^spilus Smithli. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, elliptic, serrated, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Flowers usually solitary. (Bon's Mill.) A deciduous tree with rambhng irregular branches. Native country unknown. Cultivated in 1800. Height 15ft. to 20ft. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit reddish brown ; ripe in October. As hardy as the common medlar, and well deserving a place in ornamental plantations for the beauty of its flowers, whiqh are produced in great pro- j fusion. The general aspect and habit of the tree are those of a CratJE''gus i and, indeed, it is by many persons considered as more properly belonging kO that genus than to ilfespilus. XXVI. iiOSA^CEiE: PY^RUS. 417 PY'RUS Lindl. The Pear Tree. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagjnia. Identification. Lindl. Lin. Soc. Tr., 13. p. 97. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. C33. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. Synonymes. P^tms MkXui, and Sdrbus, Tourn. ; PJrus and 6ee. Chiiu'Si', Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1148. ; tlie plate in. Art). Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^. 768. | S/>ec. Char., i.S-c. Leaves cordate, apiculated, shining, serrated, and whej young, pubescent beneath. Peduncles corymbose. Calyx glabrous insichi Fruit warted and bony. {Doit's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle sizn p. (c.) anivgdalifiirniis 1 XXVI. iiOSA^CE^ ; PY RUS. 425 768. P. sinensis. China and Cochin China. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white, slightly tinted with pink. Fruit large, edible, jellowish green when ripe ; rarely seen in England. Differs from the common pear in having longer and greener branches, and larger, more lucid, and almost evergreen leaves ; insipid, roundish, warted, very gritty fruit ; and a calyx, the inside of which is destitute of the down that is found on all the varieties of the European pear. The fruit is perfectly hardy, and it is ornamental ; but it is worthless as a fruit tree, It vegetates very early in spring ; when it is easily recognised by the deep rich brown of its young leaves and shoots. 3J 8. P. BOLLWYLLERIA^NA Dec. The BoUwyller Pear Tree. 76f!. P. boUvyUerttaa E E 4 424 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl., p. 530. ; Prod., 2. p. 634. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 191.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 522. Synonyntes. P. boUwylleriana J. Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 59 ic. ; P. Pollv^ria Lin. Mant. 234.; P. au- ricularis Knoop Pomol. 2. p. 38. t. 4., according to Reiclienbach. Enj^ravings. J. Bauh. Kist., ic. ; Knoop Pomol., 2. p. ,38. t. 4., according to Reichenbach ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 58. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 769. Spec. Char., Sfc. Buds downy. Leaves ovate, coarsely serrated, tomentose beneath. Flowers many in a corymb. Fruit top-shaped, small, yellowish within. {^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree of the middle size, with but few ascending thick coarse branches. France, at BoUwyller on the Rhine, in hedges, but rare ; possibly a hybrid between the pear and apple. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1786, Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit greenish brown ; ripe in September. A very distinct variety, with large rough leaves, having somewhat the ap- pearance of those of the apple. The fruit is turbinate, small, orange yellow, and unfit to eat. The tree produces fewer branches than any other species or variety of pear; and these branches are upright, thick, and rigid. y 9. P. VARIOLO^SA Wall. The variable-Zeawc? Pear Tree. Identification. Wall. Cat. 980. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. C22. Syiioui/me. P. Pdshia Ham. ex Herb. Lin. Soc. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our. /5g. 770. 770. P. variDlisa- Spec. Char., S^-c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, glabrous in the adult state, on long petioles ; when young, clothed with yellowish toraentum beneath. Umbels terminal. Pedicels and calyxes woolly. (Dons Mill.) A deciduous tree. Nepal and Kamaon. Height, in its native country, 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; in England 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers white, slightly tinged with pink ; April and May. Fruit pear-shaped; ripe in Oc- tober, and remaining on the tree in the climate of London all the winter; eatable, like that of the medlar, in a state of incipient decay. In the open air, in mild winters, this species is sub-evergreen ; and, against a wall, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, it is completely so. It forms a very handsome tree, but is rather tender, having been killed to within a few feet of the ground, in several places in ths neighbourhood of London, by the winter XXVI. rosa^ceje: py^rus. 425 771. P- Michauxii. of 1S37-8. It has ripened fruit in the Fulham Nursery, which is brown when ri|)e, and which, according to Dr. Royle, is not eatable until it is somewhat Jecayed. The veins of the leaves, and" the entire plant, are tinged with reddish ^orown. The young seedlings of this species, and also the root shoots from Iplants cut down, have the leaves cut like a CYatae'gus or Morbus. 'i 10. P. MiCHAu'x// Bosc. Michaux's Pear Tree. Identification. Bosc in Poir Suppl., 4. p. 432. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 6J3. Engraving. Oar Jig. 771. from a specimen in Dr. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., (^c. Leaves oval, quite entire, acutish, glabrous on both surfaces, and shining above. Peduncles usually twin, when bearing the fruit thick and woody. Fruit globose. (Dons Mill.) A deciduous tree. North America. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1837. Flowers?. There are plants of this species in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in some of the London nur- .. ^ ' , series ; but they are too small to enable us to form any judgement as to the kind of tree which they will ultimately form. t U. P. i'ndica Colebr. The Lidian Pear Tree. ^ Identification. Colebr. Wall. PI. Rar. Asiat., 2. 1. 172. ; Don's ^ Mill., 2. p. 622. Engravings. Wal!. PI. Rar. Asiat., 2. t. 172. ; and our^g. 772. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, or ovate-cordate, acute, serrulated, glabrous, white beneath, as well as the petioles and calyxes ; in the young plants lobed. Claws of the petals shorter than the calyx. Umbels sessile, few-flowered. Styles villous at the base. (Don's Mill.) A d jciduous tree. Bengal, on the mountains of Sylhet. r Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. ?. Flowers white ; May. Fruit about the size of a wild pear; ripe in October. -72. f. indict. § ii. Wdlus. Sect. Char. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 5, more or less strictly connate at the base. Pome mostly globose, depressed, and invariably having a conca- vity at its base. Flowers in corymbs. Leaves simple, not glanded. (Dec. Prod.) — This section includes all the apples and crabs. i 12. P. ilfA^LUS L. The common, or wild, Apple Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 686. ; Smith's Eng. Flora, 2, p. 362. ; Lindl. Synop., 2d edit., p. 105 ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 623. Synonymes. P. AAlus mitis Wallr. Sched. p. 21,'j. ; Malus commOnis Dec. Fl. Fr. ; Pommier com- inun, Fr. ; gemeine Apfelbaum, Ger. ; Pero Melo, and Melo Pomo, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 179. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our.^g. 773. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate, acute, crenated, woolly on the under surface. Flowers in corymbs. Tube of calyx woolly. Styles glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Europe in woods and wastes ; frequent in hedges. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., sometimes 50 ft. In cultivation as a fruit tree from time immemorial. Flowers white, tinged with pink ; May. Fruit red and yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brownish. Cultivated in gardens, it is wholly, or conjointly with other species or races, the parent of innumerable varieties, termed, 773. p, ,aiM. 426 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. generally, in England, cultivated apple trees; and in France, pommiers doux, or pommiers ii couteau. We adopt the specific name ilfalus, to mdicate what may be called the normal form, for the sake of convenience, though many of the cultivated varieties are derived not only from the wild apple, or crab, of Europe, but from the crabs of Siberia. We shall designate these crabs as varieties of P. ilfalus, and afterwards make a selection from the cultivated sorts, of such as we think suitable for being planted for their timber, or as ornamental trees. "f 13. P. (M.) ace'rba Dec. The sour-fruited Apple Tree, or common Crab. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 623. 774. P. (ilf.) ac^rhB. Synonymes. P^rus MSlus austfera Wallr. Sched. 215.; il^lus acerba Merat Fl. P'"'-\^'^-'„^"i Suppl. .')30. ; M. commanis svlvestris Desf. ; P. MMtis svlvestris Ft. Dan t. UOI. ; P. Mains iimin Eng. Bot. t. 179. ; Pommiersauvageon, Fr. ; Holzapfelbaum, Ger.\ Melo salvatico, Ital. Engravings. Fl. Dan., t. UOI. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., voL vi. ; and oar fig. 774. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves ovate, acute, crenated, glabrous even when young. Flowers in corymbs. Tube of the calyx glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A native of woods and way sides in Europe. This form, ac- cording to DeCandoUe, yields many sub- varieties with sour fruit, called, in Britain, cider apples ; and in France, generally, pom- miers a cidre. 5? 14. P. (M.) PRUNiFoYiA W. The Plum- tree-leaved Apple Tree, or Siberian Crab. Identification. Willd. Sp., 2. p. 1018. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p.635.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 641). Ss/nani/mes. P. il/aUis /3 Ait. Hart. Kew. 2. p. 175.; ?ilfalu8 hybi-ida Desf. Arb. 2. p. 141. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 269. ; and om fig. 775. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous. Peduncles pubescent. tube of cplyx glabrous. Styles woolly at „s. F.(*,),turiroii». XXVI. ROSA CEiE : PY RUS. 427 the base ; and, as appears from Mill. Ic, t. 269., with the styles twice as long as tiie stamens, and the fruit subglobose, yellowish, and austere. {Dec. Prod.) A native of Siberia ; introduced in 1 758. i According to Mr. Knight, some of the finest varieties raised by him are from cultivated apples fecundated with the blossoms of this tree. The progeny, he found, formed more hardy trees than any other kinds, and produced earlier and more highly flavoured fruit. t 15. P. (il/.) BACCA^TA Z. The herry-like-fruited Apple Tree, or Siberian Crab. I Jdevtification. Lin. Mant., 75. ; Amm. Ruth., t. 31. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 10. ; Deo Prod., 2. p. 635. ' Uoii's Mill., 2. p. 646. Synani/me. AfSlu.s baccata Dcsf. Arb. 2. p. 141. Hnnrivingi. Amm. Ruth., t. 31. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 10. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; I and our fig. 776. 77C. (P. H. ) baccata. Spec. Char., Src Disks of leaves ovate, acute, equally serrated, glabrous, the length of the petiole. Flowers grouped. Sepals deciduous. (Dec. Prod.) A native of Siberia and Dahuria, and only differing from the preceding sort, of which it is, doubtless, a subvariety, in not having a persistent calyx. S 16. P. (M.) Dioi'cA IV. The dioecious-sexe'c? Apple Tree. Identification. Willd. Arb., 263. ; Spec. 5., p. 1018. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63-5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 646. Synonymes. P. apttala Munch. Hausv. 6. p. 247., on the authority of Willdenow ; JVialus diolca Aiidib, Cat. Engraving. Omfig. 2088- in p. 1I0& Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves oval, serrated, tomentose beneath. Flowers, in many instances, solitary. Sexes dioecious, by defect. Calyx tomentose. Petals linear, the length of the sepals. Styles glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) Not differ- ing in external appearance from a crab or apple tree. Horticultural Society's Garden. "i- 17. p. (M.) astraca'nica Dec. The Astrachan Apple Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill. 2., p. 646. Synonymes. A/kliis astracanica Du/n. Cours. ed. 2. 5. p. 426. ; Transparent de Mosoovie ; Glace de Zelande; the transparent Crab of English nurseries. Engraving. Oar fig. 2089 in p. 1106. Spec. Char,, SfC-. Leaves oval-oblong, acute, partially doubly serrated ; pale 428 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beneath, and the nerves there villose ; above glabrous, except being slightly downy on the midrib. A native of the country around Astrachan, on the testimony of gardeners. {Dec. Prod.) A very ornamental tree, from the beauty of its fruit, which it produces freely, and which is also good to eat. Varieties of P. Malus cultivated for their Fruit. From the above forms, we think it may safely be presumed, that all the apples cultivated for the dessert or the kitchen have been obtained, either by selection from seedUngs, or by cross-fecimdation ; and that no other wild sort has been used, unless, perhaps, we except Pyriis coronaria ; which, however, we have never heard of as being employed In cross-fecundation. These garden, or cnltivated, varieties, as will hereafter appear, are very numerous ; but the following selection of sorts, M'hich are handsome-grownig trees, or have fruit of a particular character, has been made for us by Mr. Thompson, of the Horticultural Society's Garden, from the collection under his care : — The Red Astrachan. The tree is middle-sized, with a branchy head ; the fruit is of a bright red, with a fine bloom like that of a plum. This is one form of the sort which DeCandoUe has designated as P. astracanica: our No. 19. The White Astrachan, or transparent Crab of Moscow. The tree resembles the preceding sort, but has the branches tending upwards when young, and afterwards becoming pendulous. The fruit is of a wax colour, with a fine bloom on it, and is almost transparent. This is another form of P. (il/.j astracanica. It is known in EngUsh nurseries under the name of the trans- parent crab. The Black Crab is a tree of the middle size, with very dark small fruit of no value as such. The Court pendu plat is a remarkably dwarf-growing tree, and so late in flower- ing, that the leaves are expanded before, or at the same time as, the flowers ; and, consequently, the latter are seldom, if ever, injured by frost : for which reason, it is commonly called by gardeners the wise apple. Grafted on the French paradise stock, the tree may be kept of a size not larger than that of a gooseberry bush ; in which state it will bear fruit in abundance and of good flavour. The Lincolnshire Holland Pippin is remarkable for the large size of its blossoms. Its fruit keeps till February, The Tidip Apple is a great bearer of fruit which is of a very bright red. The Violet Apple has fruit of a violet colour, covered with a bloom like that of the plum. The Cherry Crab, or Cherry Apple, is a subvariety of P. (M.) baccata. The tree is spreading, with drooping branches ; and the fruit is rmmerous, and about the size and colour of a large cherry. The Supreme Crab has fruit rather larger than the preceding sort. The tree is of robust growth, and the branches are somewhat erect. Sigg's Everlasting Crab was raised in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, by Mr. Biggs, the curator, from seeds received from Siberia in 1814. It is a\i- gorous-growing tree, with pendulous branches and abundance of fruit, which, in form and character, are intermediate between P. (M.) /jrunifolia and P. (M.) baccata, and which remain on the trees long after Christmas. In sheltered situations, and mild winters, this tree appears almost a sub- evergreen. The apple tree, whether in a wild state or cultivated, is by no means so handsome in form as the pear tree, though its blossoms are much more orna- mental, and are, besides, fragrant. It seldom grows above half the height of the pear tree ; the oldest apple trees known in Europe not being above 30 or 35 feet in height. The trunk is generally crooked, and the branches rambling horizontally when young, and when old becoming pendulous. The diameter of the head is also often greater than the height of the tree. The apple tree is much more liable to the canker, and other diseases, than the pear tree. The wood of the ai)ple tree, in a wild state, is fine-grained, hard, and of a brownish XXVI. roha'ceje: py'rus. -^ 429 colour; and that of the cultivated apple tree is said to be of a still finer and closer grain, which is a result of cultivation contrary to what is usual. The weight of the wood of the apple tree varies much according to the locality in which it is grown. In a green state, it weighs from 48 lb. to 66 lb. per cubic foot ; and it loses from an eighth to a twelfth of its bulk in drying, and about a tenth of its weight. The wood of the cultivated tree weighs heavier than that of the wild tree, in the proportion of about 66 to 45. The tree, as an object in landscipe scenery, cannot be recommended as harmonising well with other forms ; but, as it has a character of its own, and as the fruit is of the greatest use to the poor, as well as to the rich, it deserves introduction into every hedgerow and every orchard. For hedgerows, it is more especially desirable, as, tliough not so fastiiriate as the pear, it does very little injury to the cro[)s by its shade; and it may be added, that, in nurseries and market-gardens, the former more especially, young trees of almost every kind thrive under the shade both of the apple and the pear. The crab is used as a stock for the cul- tivated apple, and for all the other species and varieties of this division of the genus ; but, as we have before observed, it will not serve as a stock for the pear, or any of the plants included in that or the other divisions of Pyrus. In f ranee, and also in some parts of Germany, the thorny wild apple, or crab, is formed into live hedges, the branches of which, according to Agricola, are inarched into each other, in order to give them more strength to resist cattle. The fruit of the crab, in the forests of France, is a great resource for the wild boar; and it is also given in that country to swine and cows. A drink of it, called boisson, is made in some parts of France, as well as in England ; and verjuice is a well-known description of vinegar produced from the most austere of the fruit. The bark affords a yellow dye ; and the leaves are eaten by horses, cows, sheep, and goats. Pomatum, according to Gerard, was so called from its being anciently made of the pulp of apples beaten up with " swine's grease" (lard) and rose-water. The uses of the apple as an eatable fruit are very numerous, and well known. The apple, as a fruit tree, will do no good, except in a fertile soil and a sheltered situation. All the best ap|)le orchards of England, and more especially those of the cider districts, it has been observed by geologists, follow the tract of red sandstone, which stretches across the island from Dorsetshire to Yorkshire. It has been observed in Ireland (see Dub/in Soc. Trans.), that the best orchards there are on lime- stone gravel ; and, in Scotland, that the few orchards which are to be found in that country are on soils more or less calcareous. On the Continent, the two districts most famous for apple trees are Normandy and the Vale of Stuttgard ; and the subsoil, in both countries, is well known to be limestone. In short, every kind of fruit, to be brought to perfection, requires a soil more or less calcareous. The propagation and culture of the apple are the same as those of the pear tree. Wild crabs, like wild pears, are gathered when they are fully ripe, and either laid in a heap to rot, or passed between fluted rollers, and the crushed fruit pressed for the juice, which is made into an inferior kind of cider or perry, and the seeds are afterwards separated from the pomace by macer- ation in water and sifting. The apple, like the pear, may be grafted on the common thorn ; but it does not form nearly so desirable a tree on that stock as the pear does, and therefore crab stocks are always to be preferred. As a fruit tree, where it is intended to be grown as a dwarf, the paradise stock effects for it what the quince does for the pear, and the C'crasus Mahdleb for the cherry. (See E7ici)c. of Gard., edit. 1835.) i i 18. P. coRONA^RiA L. The garland^oz<;mng Apple Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., G87. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. ^ynonymes. A/alus coroniria Mill. ; Crab Apple, the sweet-scented Crab, Ainer. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. pi. 44. f. 1. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2009. ; Michx. Arb., 2. t. 65. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 777. Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded at the base, subangidate, serrated, smooth. Peduncles in corymbs, glabrous. Flowers odorous. 430 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 77". P. ooronkria. white, becoming purple before they drop off. The fruit is flatly orbiculate, of a deep green when it falls from the tree, and becoming yellow after lying some time on the ground. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous or sub-evergreen tre.-. North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and more especially abundant in the back parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Height 15 ft. to 18 ft., with a trunk 5 or 6 inches in diameter ; sometimes 25 ft. high. Introduced in 1724. Flowers white, tinged with pink, violet-scented ; ISIay. Fruit green, in no state fit to eat ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves green, violet- scented, dropping off by the first severe frost ; but in mild winters remain- ing on till spring. In British gardens, the leaves and the fruit' are retained much longeron the tree than is the case with the European crab ; so much so, that in very mild seasons, and sheltered situations, it might be almost considered sub-evergreen. The deep green and flat round form of the fruit, and the lobed and veined character of the leaves, render this sort of ilf alus easily distinguished from every other ; and this distinctiveness of character, and the fragrance of the blossoms, together with the lateness of their appearance (which is in the end of May), render it a most desirable tree in every shrubbery, however small. "? ? 19. P. (c.) ANGUSTiFO^LiA ^tV. The uarrow-lcaved Apple Tree. Identification. Ait. Ilort. Kew., 2. p. 276. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. 24. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. C3.x ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Synonymes. P. coronaria Wang. Amer. 61. t. 21. f. 47., upon the authority of Willdenow, and Wats. in Dend. Brit.; Malus sempervirens Desf. Arb. 2. p. 141. ; P. pilmila Hort. Engravi7igs. Wang. Amer., 61. t. 21. f. 47. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t- 43. f. 1. ; Wats. Dend., t. 132. ; Bot. Keg., t. 1207. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and out fig. 778. Spec. Char., 6fc. Leaves glossy, lanceolate-oblong, dentately serrated, tapered and entire at the base. Flowers in corymbs. {^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree, sometimes sub-evergreen. Carohna, in woods. Height loft, to 20 ft. Introduced in 1750. Flowers pale blush; May or June. Fruit green; ripe in October. Differs from the preceding sort in having the leaves narrower and the fruit much smaller, in being more decidedly sub-evergreen, and in having XXVI. ROSA CEJE : PY RUS. 431 P, (c.) angustiiblia. lead-coloured speckled branches. Notwithstanding all these points of dif- ference, however, it bears such a general resemblance to P. coronaria, that we cannot doubt its being only a variety of it. The fruit is intensely acid, like that of P. coronaria ; but it is much narrower and smaller. 'f 20. P. specta'bilis Ait. The showy-Jlowenng wild Apple Tree, or Chinese Crab Tree, Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 175, Mill., 2. p. 646. Synonymes. Jt/alus spectabills Dcsf. Arb.i. p. 141., Cmrs. ed. 2. .'i. p. 429. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 267. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^g. 779. Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 267. : Dec. Prod., 2. p. G35. ; Don's N. Du Ham. 6. p. 141. ; iV/Mus sinensis Dum. 42. f. 2. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oval-oblong, serrated, smooth. Flowers in sessile umbels, many in an umbel ; large, and very elegant ; at first of an intense rose-colour, but afterwards of a pale one. Tube of calyx smooth. Petals ovate, clawed. Styles woolly at the base. {Dec. Prod.} A deciduous tree, thickly crowded with upright branches, which at length become spread- ing. China. Height 20 ft. to^SO ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers pink, large, showy ; April and May. Fruit greenish yellow, and unfit to eat till it is in a state of incipient decay. This is by far the most sliowy of all the different species of Pyrus, both of this and of the other sections. The flowers are semidouble, and of a pale rcse-colour ; but before they are expanded, the flower buds, which are large, appear of a deep red. In this state the tree is extremely beautiful. The j s^tamens and pistils aie much more numerous than in the other species ; the ; torraer sometimes exceeding 40, and the latter 20. The fruit is small, irregu- ; larly round, angular, and about the size of a cherry : it is of a yellow colour when ripe, but is without flavour, and is only fit to eat when in a state of incipient decay ; at which period it takes the colour and taste of the medlar. No garden, whether large or small, ought to be without tliis tree. 402 AllBOUETUM ET FRUTICETLM BRITANNICUM. 77S. P. speclHbilis. I Species of which there are only very young Plants in Biitish Gardens. j P. Sieversn Led. Fl. Alt. 2. p. 222., Don's Mill. 2. p. 647. ; P. nov. sp. Sievers in Pall. Kord. Beitr. 7. p. 292. ; is a bush, with many stems rising fi'Oin the same root ; with ovate leaves, rather tomentose; and umbellate flowers, suc- ceeded by very acid fruit. A native of Siberia. [ P. ? Schottn Ledeb. — Plants in the Hort. Soc, Garden. ' P. stipuldcea Hort. — Plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden, raised from seeds received from the Himalayas. / § iii. AVia Dec. Sect. Char., Sfc. Petals spreading, flat. Styles mostly 2 — 3. Pome globose. Flowers in racemose corymbs ; the peduncles branched. Leaves simple, not glanded, whitely tomentose beneath. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 635.) — Decidu- ous trees, natives of different parts of Europe, and of Asia ; chiefly fouml on dry, calcareous, or clayey soils, and varying much under cultivation. The species and varieties are in a state of great confusion. 'i 2\. P. A'ria Ehrh. The White Beam Tree. Jclenlification. Ehrli. Beitr., A. p. 20. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Si/7iotiymes. Cratie'gus ./4"ria var. a Lin. Sp. 681.; Mespilus A^naScop.; S6rbus A^rii Crant:\ Aitstr. 1. t. 2. f. 2., Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 6.'). ; ^>ia Theophrasti L'Obel ; white wild Pear, wliit'l Leaf Tree, red Chess-Apple, Sea Ouler, Cumberland Hawthorn, Gerard; Alisier AUouchierj Alisler blanc, Fr. ; Mehlbeerbaum, or Mehlbaum, Ger. ; Aria, or Sorba raontana, Ital. ; Mostacci Span. ; Axelheer, Van. ; Oxilbeer, Sioed. \ Derivation, ^'ria, the name given to this tree by Theophrastus, is probably from the name of thS( country in Asia. The White Beam Tree is a pleonasm, beam being the Saxon word for tree. Th| word Allouchier is from allouchion, the cog of a wheel, the wood of the tree being much used f^ that purpose In France. Mehlbaum is literally the meal tree, from the mealy appearance of tij under side of the loaves. I Engravinss. Cranti; Austr., 1. t. 2. f. 2. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1858. ; Fl. Dan., t. 302. j Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, doubly serrated, tomentose beneath, with a{j pressed white tomentum. Corymbs flat. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous trej XXVI. ROS.\CEM : PY^RUS. -433 f p. A. 1 ohiusifolia Dec. Prod. ii. p. 636., and Fl. Dan. t. .302. ; P. A ovalis Hort. — Leaves broadly ovate, and obtuse. t P. A. 2 aculijoiia Dec. Prod. 1. c. C'ratae'gus longifolia .V. Du Ham. 4. t. S^. ; ? Pyrus alpina Willd. Enum. 527. —The leaves are ovate- oblong and acute. t P. A. 3 undulata Lindl. Hort. Trans, vii. p. 234., and the plate in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. vi., and owy fig. 780., has the leaves flat, ovaU V-- 780. /'. /iVia undulkta. I lanceolate, broad, undulated, unequally and deeply serrated, acumi- nated, and cobwebbed above. '^ P. A. i angtistifolin Lindl. 1. c, P. A. longifolia Hort., has the leaves oval, obtuse, concave, somewhat simply serrated, woolly above. Y V. A. 5 riigosalAndl. I.e. — Leaves large, ovate-elliptic, doubly ser- rated, shining above and wrinkled, white beneath. i P. A. 6 cretica Lindl. 1. c. P. A. rotundifolia Hort. ; P. graeVa Hort. ; P. yi. ediilis Hort.; C'ratae^gus grse^ca Hort. — Leaves flat, orbicu- larly elliptic, crenately serrated, retuse, cuneated at the base ; smooth above, and hoary beneath. Branches cobwebbed. 5? P. A. 7 buUdta Lindl. Hort. Trans, vii. p. 234., P. A. acuminata Hort., has the leaves concave, elliptic, acuminated, blistered ; closely serrated at the apex, but entire at the base. The rate of growth, when the tree is young and in a good soil, is from 18 in. ' 2 ft. a year : after it has attained the height of 15 or 20 feet it grows much 3\ver ; and, at the age of twenty or thirty years, it grows very slowly ; but I a tree of great duration. The roots descend very deep, and spread very '■Je ; and the head of the tree is less affected by prevailing winds than almost ,iy other. In the most exposed situations, on the Highland mountains, this •-e is seldom seen above 10 or 15 feet high ; but it is always stiff and erect. F F 434 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. In Britain it is later in coming into leaf than any other indigenous tree, except the ash. It bears lopping, and permits the grass to grow under it. The wood is very hard, of a fine close grain, yellowish white, and susceptible of a high polish. In a green state, it has a strong smell, which it retains, in a slight degree, even after it is dried. It weighs, in that state, 35 lb. 6 oz. per cubic foot. It may be stained of any colour, and is much used in the smaller manufactures, such as making handles to knives and forks, wooden spoons, &c. ; and for musical instruments, and various turnery articles. It was uni- versally employed as cogs for wheels till cast iron became generally substituted for it. The leaves are eaten both by goats and sheep. The fruit is acid and astringent ; but it is not disagreeable to eat, when it is in a state of incipient decay. Dried, and reduced to powder, it has been formed into a sort of bread, which has been eaten, both in France and Sweden, in years of great j scarcity. Fermented, the fruit affords a beer ; or, by distillation, a powerful spirit. It is greedily eaten by small birds ; on which account the trees are ordered to be preserved in the French forests, that the number of birds may i be increased, in order to keep down the insects. The fruit is also the food of j squirrels; and, when it drops, of the wild boar, the deer, the hedgehog, &c. ! As an ornamental tree, the white beam has some valuable properties. It is t of a moderate size, and of a definite shape ; and in summer, when clothed} with leaves, it forms a compact green mass, till it is ruffled by the wind, when I it suddenly assumes a mealy whiteness. In the winter season, the tree is at-! tractive from its smooth branches, and its large green buds. When the treei is covered with its fruit, it is exceedingly ornamental. Among the different va-' rieties enumerated, P. A. cretica is by far the most distinct ; but all of them| are well deserving of cultivation. A calcareous and dry soil is essential ; and the tree will not attain a timber size unless it is placed in an airy situation. The situation may be exposed to the highest and coldest winds that prevail in this country, and yet the tree will never fail to grow erect, and produce a regular head ; and, for this reason,' no tree is better adapted for sheltering houses and gardens in very exposeci situations. The species may be raised from seed, and the varieties be grafted on stocka of the species of the pear, of the Crats^gus, and even of the quince and nicdj lar ; which trees, it is almost unnecessary to add, may be reciprocally graftei. on the white beam tree. When plants are to be raised from seed, the seedl should be sown as soon as the fruit is ripe ; otherwise, if kept til! spring, anj then sown, they will not come up till the'spring following. Wiien it is incoiii' venient to sow them immediately after they are gathered, they may be mixc; with soil, and treated like haws (see Pyrus aucuparia) ; and, if sown in tin March following, they will come up the same season. The varieties may H propagated by cuttings, or by layering ; but they root by both modes, wit, great difficulty. Layers require to be made of the young wood, andto rema; attached to the stool for two years. j "t 22. P. (A.) interme'dia Ehrh. The intermediate White Beam Tree.,' Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 4. p. 20. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63G. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. I Synonymcs. Crataegus ^>ia /3 Lin. Sp. 681. ; C. scandiea Wahlenb. Ft. Ups. 165, ; C. suecica 4 Hort. Kew. 167. ; Alisier de Fontainebleau, Fr. ; Schwedischer Mehlbaum, Ger. 1 Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves ovate, incisely lobed, tomentose beneath, with whf appressed tomentum. Corymbs flat. Fruit eatable. {Dec. Prod.) A i|- ciduous tree. Europe, in France, Germany, and Sweden, and also in Waj' and Scotland. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers and fruit as in the precedj; kind. Varieties. DeCandoUe has described the two following forms of this species j i P. (A.) i. 1 latijolia. Cratie'gus latifolia Poir. Diet. 4. p. 444,, j« Ham. Arb. 1. t. 80., N. JDu Ham. 4. t. 35.; Morbus latifolia PcV Cratae'gus deniata Thiil. Fl. Par. — Leaves broadly ovate. A naje of the vvoods of Fontainebleau. XXVI. ROSA^EM: PY^RUS. 435 ? P. (A.) i. 2 angiisfifdlia. P. edulis Willd. En. p. 527. (Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 32. ; and our Jig. 781.) — Leaves oblong, wedge-shaped at the base. These trees bear so close a resemblance to P. A'v'm, as to leave no doubt in our mind that they are only varieties and siibvarieties of that species. They are found in a wild state in France, Germany, and Sweden ; and perhaps also in the Highlands of Scotland, where, according to Sir ^Y. J. Hooker, P. JYia varies in having the leaves more or less cut at the margin. They are all well deserving of cul- ture. 781. P. (^.) intermedia angustifblia. \ 23. P. vesti'ta Wall. The clothed White Beam Tree. Identification. Wall. Cat., 679. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. &47. Synonymes. PJrus nepalensis Hori.\ Sorbus vesUta Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836; P. crenJlta O. Don Prod. Ft. Nep. p. 237., Bot. Reg. t. 1655. Engravings Bot. Reg. 1. 1655. ; Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and om figs. 782, 783, and 784. 782. P. Tcstita. 1 Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves, cymes, and young branches, clothed with white tomentum. Leaves elliptic, or obOvate-elHptic, acuminated, serrated to- wards the apex. Corymbs branched and terminal. Flowers white. Fruit greenish brown. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Nepal and Kamaon, at elevations of from 9,000 to 12,000 ft. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves of a beautiful straw- coloured yellow or brown. F F 2 784. P. vestUa. 'is. p. Tcttiu. 436 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This tree is remarkable for the rapidity of its growth, its long broad leaves, and their woolly whiteness ; and also for being one of tlie very latest trees, whether foreign or indigenous, in coming into leaf; being later than either the mulberry or ash. The leaves are conspicuous, on their first expansion, for their whiteness, particularly underneath ; and in autumn, before they drop off, for their fine yellow colour. § iv. Torminaria Dec. Sect. Char., Sfc. Petals spreading, flat, having short claws. Styles 2 — 5, connected, glabrous. Pome scarcely at all juicy, top-shaped at the base, truncate at the tip ; the sepals deciduous. Leaves angled with lobes ; in the adult state glabrous. Flowers in corymbs. The peduncles branched. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 636.) — Trees of the same general character, in regard to habit and constitution, as P. A^na. ¥ 24. P. tormina'lis Ehrh. The ^v\\)mg-fruited Service Tree. Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 6. p. 92. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Synonymes. Cratae'gus tormin&lis Lin. Sp. 6S1., Smith Eng. Bot. t. 298., Fi. Don. t. 799., Jucq. Fl. Austr. t. 443. ; .Sorbus torminalis Crantz Anstr. p. 8.5. ; the Maple-leaved Service Tree ; Ali- sior de Bois, Fr. ; Rlzheerbaum, Ger. ; Ciavardello, or Mangiarello, Ital. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 443. -, the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^. 785. p. tormiiialis. Spec. Char,,, Sfc. Leaves cordate-ovate, feather-nei-yed, pinnatifidly lobed ; when young, slightly downy beneath ; when adult, glabrous; the lobes acu- minate and serrated, the lowest divaricate. Seeds cartilaginous. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Britain in woods, and throughout the Middle and North of Europe, and Western Asia. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe in November. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood purplish, marked with white spots. The leaves, which are on long footstalks, are cut into many acute angles, like those of some species of maple. They are nearly 4 in. long, and 3 in. broad in the middle, bright green above, and slightly woolly underneath. | The flowers are produced in large bunches at the end of the branches; and j they are succeeded by roundish compressed fruit, not unlike common haws, j but larger, and of a brown cdlour when ripe. The tree is of slow growth,] and in this respect, and most others, it resembles P. A'na ; but it is less hardy. The wood resembles that of P. /i'ria, but is without its peculiarly strong smell. It weighs, vvhen newly cut, 65 lb. to the cubic foot, and when XXVI. ^OSA^CE^ : Py'rus. 437 dried, 48 lb. 8 oz. It is employed for all the different purposes to which that of P. A^na is applicable, and is considered rather preferable as fuel, and for charcoal. The fruit is brought to market both in England and France ; and, when in a state of incipient decay, it eats somewhat like that of a medlar. As an ornamental tree, its large green buds strongly recommend it in the winter time, as its fine large-lobed leaves do in the summer, and its large and numerous clusters of rich brown fruit do in autumn. It will grow in a soil not poorer, but more tenacious and moist, than what is suitable for P. A'r'nx ; and it requires a sheltered situation. It seems more liable to the attacks of insects than that species, and does not thrive so well in the neighbourhood of London. It is propagated exactly in the same manner as P. A^r'ia. There being no varieties, it does not require to be continued by grafting. ± 25. P. RivuLA^Ris Dougl, The River-side Wild Service Tree. Menlification. Si/notiyme. Engravings . Dougl. MS. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 203.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Pow.itcn, the name of the fruit in the language of the Chenook tribe of Indians Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., t. 68. ; and our figs. 786. and 787. P. rivulkris. 787. P. TiTuliris. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves ovate, entire, and angu- lar, somewhat .3-lobed, ra- ther acuminated, acutely serrated, pubescent be- neath. Corymbs terminal, simple. Calyces hairy, and densely tomentose inside. Styles 3 — 4, connected at the base. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous tree. North-west coast of North America, at Nootka Sound, and other places. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1836. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit small, subglobose, red or yellow ; ripe ?. The fruit is used as an article of food, and the wood is employed for making wedges, and is so hard as to be susceptible of a fine polish. Horticultural Society's Garden. § V. Eriolohus Dec. Sect. Char. Petals spreading, flat, with short claws, and with about 3 teeth at the tip. Styles 5, long ; at the base very hairy, and somewhat connected. Pome globose, glabrous, crowned with the lobes of the calyx, which are tomentose upon both surfaces. Leaves palmately lobed, glabrous. Flowers upon un- ', branched pedicels, disposed in corymbs. ; {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 636.) ^ 26. P. triloba'ta Dec. The three- ; \ohed-kaved Pear Tree. ■lientification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63G. ; Don's Jlill., 2 I p. 648. . P > ynonyme. Cratse^gus trilobata Labill. Dec. 4. p. 15. : tlO., Poir. Suppl. 1. p. 291. tgravings. Labill. Dec., 4. t. 10. ; and om Jig. 789. .pec. Char., Sj-c, Leaves glabrous, palmately 1 F F 3 7Hg. P. ail»\atM. 438 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. lobed ; the middle lobe 3-lobed ; the side lobes, in many instances, 2- lobed ; the secondary lobes serrated. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. A native of Mount Lebanon ; growing to the height of 20 ft. ; said to have been introduced in 1810 j but of which we have not seen a plant. § vi. Soj'bus Dec. Sect. Char., Sfc. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 2 — 5. Pome globose, or top- shaped. Leaves impari-pinnate, or pinnately cut. Flowers in branched corymbs. (Dec. Prod.) — Trees growing to the height of from 20 ft. to 40 ft. or upwards. Natives of Europe, North America, and the Himalayas. For the most part very hardy, and of easy culture in common soil. ¥ 27. P. AURICULA Va Dec. The auricled Service Tree. Tden'Jficntiim. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's TVIill., 2. p. 648. [ Su7iont/mc. Surbus auriculita Pers. Syn. 2. p. 39. [ Engraving. Oar fig. . in p. Spec. Char., 8fC. Leaves of 3 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one, hirsute be-' neath ; 2 — 4 of the lowest leaflets distinct, the rest connate with the oddi one into an ovate one, which is crenate. Corymb compact. (Dec. Prod.)l A deciduous tree. Egypt. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1800.! Flowers white ; May, Fruit ?. We have not seen this plant, which is, perhaps, only a variety of P. pin-j natifida. P. pinnati'fida Ehrh. The p'mnatiM-leaved Service Tree. S 28 Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 6. p. 93. ; Smith in Eng. Bot., t. 2331. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. I Synonynies. S6rbus hybrida Lin. Dec. 6. ; 'P^rws hybrida Smith Ft. Brit., not of Willd. ; th« Bastard Service Tree. I Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2331. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 789. I P. pinnatffida. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnately cloven, or cut, or almost pinnate at |e base. The petiole on the under side, and the peduncles, hoarily toment|-'. Pome globose, scarlet. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Gothland, 1> ringia, and Britain, on mountainous woody places. Height 20 ft. to Slt- Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe in September. I Varieties. 1 t P. p. 2 laiiuginosa has the leaves more, woolly than those of the spep. XXVI. UOSA CE^ : py'rus. 439 $ J*. p. S pendula, 5'6rbus hybrida pendula Lodd. Cat., has the head loose, and the branches somewhat pendulous ; the fruit red. H. S. ¥ P.jo. 4 arbuscula Dec., Poir. Suppl. v. p. 144. — Dwarf. Leaflets glabrous in a measure, obtuse ; the outermost usually connate. A native of Germany. Perhaps a variety of P. aucuparia. (Dec. Prod.) P. pinnatifida, according to DeCandolle, is a hybrid between P. inter- medis and P. aucuparia. Culture as in P. AYia. 1 29. P. AUCUPA^RiA Gcertn. The Fowler's ^eT\\ce Tree, or Mountain Ash . Identification. Gaertn. Fruct., 2. p. 45. t. 87. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 648. Synony?r)es. S6rbus aucuparia Lin. Sp. 683. ; JV/espilus aucuparia All. ; Quicken Tree, Quick Beam, wild Ash, wild Service, Wichen Tree, Kowan Tree, Kowne Tree, Roan Tree, Roddan, Routry Mountain Service, Witchen, wild Sorb, Whichen, Whitten, Wiggen tree ; Sorbier des Oiseleurs, or Sorbier des Oiseaux, Fr. ; Vogel Beerbaum, Ger. ; Sorbo salvatico, Ital. Derivation. The Latin name, P. aucupjiria (the Fowler's Pyrus) ; the French names, Sorbier des Oiseleurs (the Bird-catcher's Service), and Sorbier des Oiseaux (the Bird Service) ; and the Ger- man name, Vogel Beerbaum (the Bird's Berry Tree) ; are all derived from the use made of the berries by bird-catchers, in all countries where the tree grows wild, and from time immemorial, to bait springes with. It is called the Mountain Ash, from its growing on mountains, and the pinnre of its leaves bearing some resemblance to those of the common ash. Witchen, and all its deriv- atives, bear relation to supposed powers of the tree, as a protection against witches and evil spirits. Engravings. Gairtr. Fruct., 2. t. 87. ; Eng. Bot.. t. 337. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. } and onr Jig. 790. 790. P. aucupiria. Spec. Char., ^c. Buds softly tomentose. Leaflets serrated, slightly glabrous. Pomes globose. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. A native of almost every part of Europe. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers white ; May. Fruit red ; ripe in September. yarieties. i P. a. 2fructu luteo has yellow berries, and is continued by grafting. '^ P. a. Sfoliis variegdtk has variegated leaves. * P. a. 4!fastigidta has the branches upright and rigidc Horticultural Society's Garden. The mountain ash forms an erect-stemmed tree, with an orbicular head* When fully grown, like every other description of Pyrus, it assumes a some- what formal character; but in a young state, its branches are disposed in a niore loose and graceful manner. The tree grows rapidly for the first three or four years ; attaining, in five years, the height of 8 or 9 feet ; after which it ' F F 4 _ 1 440 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. begins to form a head, and in ten years will attain the height of 20 ft. This head will continue increasing slowly, though the tree seldom grous much higher, for the greater part of a century ; after which, as it appears by the oldest trees that we have observed or heard of in Scotland, the extremities of the branches begin to decay. The tree will not bear lopping, bui grass and other plants grow well under its shade. The wood, when dry, veiglis 311b. 12 oz. per cubic foot. It is homogeneous, fine-grained, hard, capable of being stained any colour, and of taking a high polish ; and it is applied to all the various uses of P. A^xm and P. torminalis, when it can be obtained of adequate dimensions. In Britain, the tree forms excellent coppice wood, the shoots being well adapted for poles, and for making excellent hoops ; and the bark being in demand by tanners. As it will grow in the most exposed situations, and rapidly, when young, it forms an admirable nurse tree to ihe oak, and other slow-growing species ; and, being a tree of absolute habits ; that is, incapable of being drawn up above a certain height by culture, it lias this great advantage, that, after having done its duty as a nurse, instead of growing up with the other trees, and choking them, it quietly submits to be over-topped, and destroyed by the shade and drip of those which it v,as planted to shelter and protect. It may be mentioned, as somewhat singular, that the alpine laburnum, though naturally a much lower tree than the moun- tain ash, will, when drawn up in woods, attain twice the height of the latter tree. The fruit of the mountain ash is greedily devoured by birds : and, in various parts of the North of Europe, these berries are dried and ground into flour, and used as a substitute for the flour made of wheat, in times of great scarcity. In Livonia, Sweden, and Kamtschatka, the berries of the moun- tain ash are eaten, when ripe, as fruit ; and a very good spirit is distilled from them. As an ornamental tree, the mountain ash is well adapted for small gardens ; and it is also deserving of a place in every plantation, where the harbouring of singing-birds is an object. In the grounds of suburban gardens in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, the mountain ash forms almost the only tree that makes a great display by means of its fruit ; for, though many species of CratiB^us would be equally effective in this respect, they have not yet become sufficiently well known to the planters of such gardens. One great advan- tage of the mountain ash, in all gardens, is, that it never requires pruning, and never grows out of shape. The mountain ash will grow in any soil, and in the | most exposed situations, as it is found on the sea shore, and on the tops of i mountains, in Forfarshire, as high as 2500 ft. Plants are almost always raised i from seed, which should be gathered as soon as it is ripe, to prevent its being , eaten by birds, which are so fond of it as to attack it even before it is ripe. .' When gathered, the fruit should be macerated in water til! the seeds are sepa-j rated from the pulp, and they may be tb.en sown immediately ; but, as they will, in that case, remain 18 months in the ground before coming up, the common mode adopted by nurserymen is, to mix the berries with light sandy soil, and, spread them out in a layer of 10 in. or 1 ft. in thickness, in the rotting ground ;; covering the layer with 2 or 3 inches of sand or ashes, and allowing them toj remain in that state for a year. They are then separated from the soil b}*; sifting, and sown in beds of light rich soil, being covered a quarter of an iiichj The plants having large leaves, the seeds should not be dropped nearer toge- gether than 2 in., which will allow the plants to come up with sufficicnj strength. They may be sown any time from November to February, but noi later: they will come up in the June following, and, by the end of the yeaij the strongest plants will be 18 in. high, and fit to separate from the others, aiis to plant out in nursery lines. !1^ 30. P. america'na Hec. The American Service. j Uentificatian. Dec. Prod., 2. p. C37. ; Hook. Fl. Ror. Amer., 1. p. 204. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 648. .' Synonymes. S6rlnis ainericana I'll. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 341., Willd. EnutJi 520.; S. america! var. fi Mich.r. Fl. Amer. p. 290. ; P. canadensis Hurt. J Ensiravings. Wats. Demi. Brit., t. 54.; tlie plate of this species in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vii ami our/if. 7^1. XXVI. kosaVe.e: py^rus. 441 791. P. americana. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets acute, almost equally serrated, glabrous, as is the petiole. PoLiies globose, of a purplish tawny colour. {Dec. Prod.) A tree, closely resembling the common mountain ash. Canada and New- foundland, in woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1782. Flowers white; May. Fruit bright scarlet; ripe in September, Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood dark purplish. It is, apparently, a more robust-growing tree than the European mountain ■ ash, with larger leaves, shining above, and smooth beneath ; but, in reality, it is more tender. Though it has been many years in the country, we do not I know of a large, old, handsome specimen of it any where. It is propagated , by grafting on the common mountain ash. On account of the brilliant colour ot the fruit, and the large size of the bunches in which it is produced, this , species well deserves a place in collections. i 5? 31. P. microca'rpa Dec. The small-fruited Service, i IilerUification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don'.s Mill., 2. p. C48. ! divaricate, glandular, and oblique at the apex. Seeds erect, in.-.eited nearly , at the base of the valves ; tufted ; tuft composed of numerous simple hairs , ai'ising from the apex. (Don's 3Ii/l.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; linear, i stem-clasping, very small ; adult ones diaphanous at the apex. Flowers j in spikes, and usually disposed in panicles, small, red, seldom white. | Tall shrubs, natives of Europe, the North of Africa, and the West of Asia ; I sub-evergreen in British gardens ; and highly valuable, as standing the sea breeze in situations where few other ligneous plants, and no other flowering shrubs, will grow. The whole plant is very bitter, and the young shoots were formerly employed as a tonic, and as a substitute for hops in brewing beer. Sk m ^. T". ga'llica L. The French Tamarisk. j Identification. Un. Sp., 386. ; MUl. Ic. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. Ofi. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 726. _ j Synonymes. T. narbon^nsls LoA. 7c. 2. t. 218. ; 7'amariscus gallicus /IW. ; Tamariscus pentandrus , Lam. Ft. Fr., not of Pall. ; Mirice, Ital. I Engravings. N. Du Ham., vol. vii. t. 59. ; and our^g. 819. Spec. Char., £fc. Glabrous, glaucous. Leaves minute, clasping the stem or branch, adpressed, acute. Spikes of flowers lateral, somewhat panicled, slender, 3 times longer than broad. {Bee. Prod.) A sub-evergreen shrub, frequcjnt in sandy places in the middle and South of Europe, and in the South of England. '^Mitf Height 3 ft to 10 ft., sometimes twice that height. Flowers n^ ^H^^ pinkish ; May to October. ^ ^^^'"^ j Varieties. In the Linncea, 2. p. 267., 6 varieties are described, for g,g j. g^mca. j which we refer to our first edition, as the plants are not in cul- ! tivation in Britain, and indeed appear to us not worth keeping distinct. I T. gallica prefers a deep, free, sandy soil ; and will only attain a large size ' when it is in such a soil, and sup[)lied with moisture from the proximity of some river, or other source of water. It is valuable as thriving on the sea siiore, where few other shrubs will grow ; as being sub-evergreen ; and as flowering late in ^ the season, and for several months together. It is readily propagated by cut- , tings, planted in autumn, in a sandy soil, with a northern exposure. In j favourable situations in France and the South of Europe, it grows to the i height of 13 or 20 feet ; and there are instances, both in Britain and on the Continent, of its growing as high as 30 ft., and this, we suppose, has given risC; to the alleged variety, T. g. arborea. In the South of Russia, and in Tartary, ! the species assumes a great variety of forms according to the soil and situa-, tion ; the tops of the dwarf plants are there eaten by sheep, and the stems ofj the larger ones used as handles for whips. ! XXJX. TAMARICA^CE^. XXX. PHILADELPHA^CE^. 459 Genus II. MYRICA'RIA Desv. The Mtricaria. Decandria. Lhi. Si/sf. Monad elphia Identification. Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat., 4. p. 349. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 97. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 727. Synonymes. The species of Tamarix of authors that have monadelphous stamens. Derivation. From inuriiie, the Greek name of the tamarisk, derived from muro, to flow ; the species being generally found on the banks of running streams ; or from the flowing of the sap as manna. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, alternate ones sljorter than the rest ; filaments monadelphous from the base to about the middle. Stigmas 3, sessile, in a head. Seeds in.serted in a line along the middle of the valves, tufted at one end ; hairs of tuft feathery, (Don^s Mil/.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear or oblong, be- coming gradually broader towards the base, sessile. Floiuers in simple, solitary, terminal spikes. Sub-evergreen shrubs, not growing to half the height of Tamarix galiica, and readily distinguished from it by their longer and tiiicker leaves, placed at a greater distance from one another on the stem ; and by their larger flowers, which have 10 stamens. Propagation and culture as in the preceding genus. ft 1. M. germa'nica Desv. The German Myricaria, or German Tamaiisk, Identification. Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat., A. p. 349. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 97. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 727. ^ Si/nonymes . 7'amarix germanica Lin. Sp. 386. ; Tamarfscus decandrus Lam. Fl. Fr. ; 7'amarix decandra Mcrnch ; 7'amariscus germanicus Lob. Ic. 2. t. 218. ; Tamaris d'AUemagne, Fr. ; Deutschen Taraarisken, Ger. ; Tamarigia piccola, Ital. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 262. f. 2. ; and our fig. 820. Spec. Char., Sfc. Fruticulose, glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceo- late, sessile. Spikes of flowers terminal, solitary. Brac- teas longer than the pedicels. Capsules ascending. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub, with upright slender branches. Europe, in inundated sandy places, and the banks of rivers ; and in Asia, on Caucasus, and the Himalayas. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1582. June to September. 8*20. M. germanica. Flowers pinkish S4 2. M. DAHu^RiCA Dec. The Dahuriart Myricaria. IderHification. Dec. Prod., 3. p. 98. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 728. Synonyme. Tamarix dahQrica Wtlld. Act. Berol. No. 16. Engraving. Out fig. 821. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Shrubby, glabrous. Leaves linear, al- most oblong, sessile, slightly spreading. Spikes of flow- ers lateral, ovate-cylindrical, thick, blunt, with scales at the base. Bracteas extending as far as the flowers. (Dec. Prod.) Siberia, beyond the Baikal ; and in Dahnria. In- troduced in 1816, and closely resembling the preceding species. 821. Af. dahurica. Order XXX. PHILADELPHA^CE^. '0«D. Char. Calyx tube turbinate, limb 4 — IG-parted. Petals 4 — 10, aestivation convolutely imbricate. Stamens numerous. Styles distinct or combined. iS/igmas numerous. Ca/)SMfc half inferior, 1 0-celled, many -seeded. 460 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Seeds subulate, heaped at the ancles of the cells ; each furnished w'.tli a loose membranous aril. Albumen fleshy. Differs from il/yrtaceae in the arillate albuminous seed, and in the toothed dotless leaves. {Doit's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; toothed, serrated, or sometimes entire. Flowers large, white, showy. — Shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and America. Three genera are hardy in British gardens, which are thus contradistinguished: — Philade'lphus. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Petals 4 — 5. Stamens 20 — 40. Styles 4 — 3. Capsule 4 — 3-celled. Deu'tz/j. Calyx 3 — 6-cleft. Petals 3 — 6. Stamens 10 — 12. Filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3 — 4. Capsule 3 — 4-celled. Decuma'ria. Calyx 7—1 0-toothed. Petals 7— 10. Stamens 21— 30. Style 1. Capsule 7— 10-celled. Genus I. PHILADE'LPHUS L. The Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Monogjnia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 614. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Synotiymcs. Syringa Tourn. Inst. t. 389., not of Lin. ; Philadelphus, Fr. ; Pfeifenstrauch (Pipe Shrub), Ger. ; Filadelpho, Ital. ; Pipe Privet, Gerard; the Syringa of the gardens. Derivation. Philadelphus is a name used by Athenaeus for a tree which cannot now be identified : Bauhin applied it to this genus. Instead of the common trivial name Syringa, applied to this genus in gardens, as its English name, we have substituted its generic name, Philadelphus; Syringa being the generic name of the lilac. I ■Gen. Char. Calyx tube obovate, turbinate ; limb 4 — 3-parted. Petals 4 — 5. \ Stamens 20 — 40, free, shorter than the petals. Styles 4 — 3, sometimes connected, and sometimes more or less distinct. Stigmas 4 — 3, obloni; or linear, usually distinct, rarely joined. Capsule 4 — 3-celied, many-seeded. Seeds scobiform, enclosed in a membranous arillus, which is fringed at one i end. (Don's Mill) ' I Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; oval, acuminate, serrated j or entire. Floiuers white, usually sweet-scented, disposed in cor} mbose | cymes, or somewhat panicled on the extremities of the lateral shoots, rarely • axillary and bracteate. Deciduous shrubs, natives of Europe, North America, and Asia; cuhi-' vated for their very showy white flowers; most of which have a strong scent, resembling, at a distance, that of orange flowers, but, when near, disagreealil\ ' powerful. The species are in a state of utter confusion : there are probably! only three; one a native of the South of Europe, or possibly of some other: country ; one of North America ; and one, P. tomentosus, of Nepal. All^ the kinds are of the easiest culture in any tolerably dry soil ; and they are allj propagated by layers, or by suckers or cuttings. § i. Stems stiff and strai(jht. Flowers in Racemes. i at 1. P. coRONA^Rius L. The garland Pliiladelphus, or 71/ocA- O/wzge". I Identification. Lin. Sp., G71. ; Schrad. Diss. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 20.5. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 807. , Synnnymes. Syringa suaveolens Mcench Mct/t. 678. ; Wohlriechender, Pfeifenstraudi, Ger. ; Fioi| angiolo, Itai. j Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 391. ; Schkuhr Handb., 1. 121. ; Lam. 111., t. 420. ; and our fig. 822. I Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrately denticulate, 3-nerve(l| rather glabrous, but hairy upon the veins beneath ; inflorescence racemose; Flowers sweet-scented. Lobes of the calyx acuminate. Styles distincj XXX. PHILADELPHA CE^: PHILADE LPHUS. 461 S22. P. coronirius. 111. t. 420., Dec. Prod. Leaves ovate- almost from the base, not exceeding the stamens in height. {Dec. Prod.) A dense f'astigiate bush. Native country uncertain; according to some, the South of Europe, but not common there. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Decajing leaves yellowish green. Varieties. This species varies in having its leaves sometimes perfectly glabrous beneath, and some- times slightly pubescent along the nerves ; and, be- sides, as follows : — i^ P. c. 1 vu/ffctris Schkuhr Handb. t. 121., Lam. iii. p. 205. — A shrub of about the height of a man. oblong, large, and rather distant. ji P. c. 2 nanus Mill. Diet. 2. — A shrub, 2 ft. high ; its branches and leaves crowded, and its flower-bearing branches incurved. It very seldom flowers. •Jk T?. c. SJlore plena Lodd. Cat. is a dwarf plant, like the above, but with double flowers. 1 a^ P. c. 4 variegdtus Lodd. Cat. has the leaves variegated with white or yellow, and is one of the few varieties of deciduous shrubs which preserve, through the summer, a tolerably healthy appearance with their variegation. The shoots are clothed with a white bark, and interiorly they have a very large pith. The leaves are rough, and of a deep green above, though they are pale beneath. The flowers come out from the sides and ends of the branches, in loose bunches, before any of the other species of the genus. Tlie flowers smell like those of the orange, and the leaves taste like the fi-uit of the cucum- ber. It will grow in almost any situation, whether open oi' shady ; and it is easily jiropagated by division of the root, and by suckers, layers, or cuttings. !>i2.P.(c.) inodo^rusjL. The s,ceni\ess-Jioivered Philadelphus, or il/oc^O^-ajige. Identification. Lin. Sp., 671. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 329. : Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. J- . f , f , Synonymes. Syrtnga inodbra Mcench ; P. h'lxus in various English gardens; Silindia senz' odore, Ital. Catesb. Car., 2. t. 84. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1478. ; and our Spec. Char., Src Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, per- fectly entire, 3-nerved, usually feather-nerved. Flowers singly, or in threes. Style, at tlie very tip, divided into 4 oblong stigmas. (Dec. Prod.) A large rambling shrub. Apparently of garden origin, or possibly from North America. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Cultivated in 1738. Flowers large, white, scentless ; June and July. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Not altogether so hardy as P. coro- '''• ^- '^•""'"'"'"*- narius; though it appears to be only a variety of that species. 3^3. P. (c.) Zey'her/ Schrad. Zeyher's Philadelphus, or Identification, p. 807. Engravings. Schrad. Diss o( the Jardin des Plantes. Mock Orange. Schrad. Diss. Fhilad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205., Don's Mill.. C. Philad. ic. ; and our fig. 824. from the Museum Spec Char., Sfc. Not so tall as P. c. vulgaris. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrately denticulate, rounded at the base, 3- p-(c.) Zejheri. nerved, ' ?iry upon the veins beneath. Inflorescence some- 462 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. what racemose. Flowers fewer and larger than in P. c. vulgaris, and scent- less. Lobes of the calyx long, acuminate. Style deeply 4-cleft. It differs from P. c. vulgaris, chiefly in its leaves being rounded at the base, and in its flowers being fewer, larger, and scentless. {Dec. Prod.) North Ame- rica. Horticultural Society's Garden. ai 4. P. VERRUCo'sus Schrad. The warted Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. St/nonyme. P. grandifl6rus Ltndl. Bot. Reg. t. 570., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 570. ; and onrfig. 825. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate,denticulate, pubescent with hairs beneath, and bearing beneath, upon the midrib arid primary veins, warts at the base of the hairs. Similar warts are, also, on the peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes. Inflorescence racemose. Lobes of the calyx acumi- nate. Style, at the very tip, 4-cleft. {Dec. Prod.) A large vigorous-grow- ing somewhat fastigiate shrub. North America, or possibly a garden pro- duction. Height 8 ft, to 10 ft. Culti- vated in 1800, or before. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in September. Young shoots twice the thickness of those of P. coronarius, and having ai somewhat more fastigiate habit. When in flower, this sort and the two fol- lowing make a splendid appearance , the plants, in fine seasons, being so entirely covered with bloom as scarcely to show the leaves. 825. P. verrucosus. it 5. P. (v.) LATiFo^Lius Sclimd. The broad-leaved Philadelphus, or Mock' Orange. ■ 3. p. 206. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. ' Identification. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod Synonyme. P. pubescens Cels. Hort., Lois. Herb. Atnat. t. 208. Engravings. Lois. Herb. Amat., t. 208. ; and oar fig. 826. Spec. Char,, ^c. Bark whitish. Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, toothed, nerved with about 5 nerves, and pubescent with hairs beneath. Flowers in racemes. Lobes of the calyx acuminate. Style 4-clelt at the viry tip. {Dec Prod.) A large rambling shrub, but still somewhat fastigiate, and crowded with branches. North Americ;i, or |)robably a garden pro- duction. Height 10 ft. Cultivated in 1815, or before. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in September. Distinguishable by its bark being whitish ; ami by its leaves, especially those of the younger branches, being more broadly ovate; and by the hairs they bear not being based by warts. A tolerably distinct variety, splendid when in flower XXX. PHILADELPHA CE^ : PHILADE LPHUS 46S * 6. P. (v.) floribu'ndus Schrad. The abundant-flowered Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Idfntilcation. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Engravings. Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. ; and our fg. 827. from a specimen in DeCandolle's herbarium. Spec, Char., dfc. Leaves ovate-oval, and with a long acuminate tip, serrately toothed, 3-nerved, pubescent with hairs beneath. Inflorescence subraceniose. Flowers 5 — 7, showy, slightly scented. Lobes of the calyx long and acumi- nate. Style 4-cleft at the very tip. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub hke the preceding. Of uncertain origin. Cultivated in 1815 or before. s 7. P. sPECio^sus Schrad. The showy^ow- ered Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. m- p. floribundus. 828. P. speciosus, Identification. Schrad. in Dec. Prod., 3. p. 20G. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. ; Bot. Reg., vol. 23. Symont/mes. P. grandiflbrus of German gardeners ; P. grandlflbrus ISxus of other gardeners. Engravings Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. ; Bot. Reg., t. 2003. ; and our Jig- 8'28. Spec. Char., Si'c. Leaves ovate, rarely oval-ovate, long acuminated, sharply serrate, toothed, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath. Flowers solitary or by threes. Style deeply 4-cleft, exceeding the stamens. Lobes of calyx with very long acumens, tube nearly terete. (Don's Mill.) A vigorous-growing shrub, with ascend- ing branches gently bending at their extremities, and loaded with snow-white flowers of the largest size and scentless. Origin uncertain. Height 10 ft. to 14 ft. Cultivated in 1815 or before. Flowers white ; June. The handsomest species of the genus, and at present rare in British gardens. Horticultural Society's Garden. ji 8. P. GoRDoaiA^NUS Lindl. Gordon's Philadelphus or Mock Orange. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1839, No. 32. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 32. ; and om Jig. 829. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches pendulous, scaly, the young shoots pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, coarsely den- tate, hairy beneath. Racemes terminal, compact, 5 — 9- flowered. Ovary half superior. Style 4-cleft. Calyx spread- ing from thefruit. (Lindl.) A hardy vigorous-growing shrub, having a weeping appearance in consequence of producing numerous slender side shoots. America, on the north- weet coas-t, on the Columbia River, in woods. Height 8 ft. to 10ft. Introduced in 18-23. Flowers white, scentless, very hairy; end of July. Fruit large, smooth ; ripe in October. The leaves are bright green, rather small, ovate, pointed, 3-nerved at the base, and coarsely serratecl. The flowers are large, pure white, and produced m great profusion. The species is readily known by its deeply serrated leaves, its nearly superior fruit, its broad spreading calyx, and the com|)act manner in which its flowers are arranged. It is the latest in flowering of all the species, and one of the m.ost showy. It was not at all injured by the severe winter of 1837-8. It grows in any common soil, and is readily in- j creased from seeds, or by cuttings of the half-ripened shoots in August. It 1 was named in compliment to Mr. Robert Gordon, foreman of the arboretum, 'Ji the Hort. Soc. Garden, who has paid great attention to this genus. 829. P. Gordonianu*. 830. P. laxut 4-o4 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Stems more slender, rambling, ticigf/y, and loose. Flower! f solitary, or '2 or 3 togetiier. a^ 9. P. la'xus Schrad. The Xoose-grow'mg Pliiladelphus, or Mock Orange Identificatwn. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Synoyujines. P. Iitimilis Horlul. ; P. pubescens I.odd. Cat. edit. 1836. Engrnttinjis. Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. ; Bot. Reg., 183U, t. 39. ; and our fig 830. from a plant ir the Horticultural Society's Garden. Sj^ec. Chnr.y S^c. Leaves oval-ovate and with a long aciiniipiiite tip, toothed, pubescent with hairs beneath. Flowers sohtary, 2 or 3 together. Lobes of the calyx very long, acuminate. Style 4-clett. Stigmas about level with the stamens. (Dec. Prod.) A low straggling shrub. North America. Height 4 ft. to 5 tt., but covering double that space upon the ground with its long slender deep brown shoots. Introduced about 1830. Flowers white, most commonly solitary and almost scentless. ; The leaves are smaller than is usual in the genus, very sharp-pointed, with the toothing unusually shar[) ; the uppermost leaves become gradiially narrov/, till those immediately below the flowers are not unfrequently linear and entire. As this species leafs early, the young shoots are apt to be killed h\ frost, and when this takes place no flowers are produced that season, as it is from the ends of the lateral shoots that blossoms always appear in this genus. (Bot. Reg.) ^ 10. P. (l.) grandiflo'rus Wil/d. The large-flowered Philadelphus, or Alock Orange. Identification. Willd. Enum., 1. p. 511. ; Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. St/nonymes. P. inodbrus Hortul. ; P. laxus I.odd. Cat. edit. 1836. Engravings. Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 44. ; Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. ; and our fig. 831. Spec. Char., S^-c. Epidermis of the branches of a rcildish brown colour. Leaves ovate, with a long acuminate tip, denticulate, 3-nervcd, hairy upon the veins, and with groups of haii^ in the axils of the veins. Flowers about 3 together, or solitary ; scentless. Lobes of the calyx long, acuminate. Styles concrete into one, which ex- tends beyond the stamens. Stigmas 4s linear. (Dec. Prod.) A vigorous-growing shrub. North America. Height 10 ft. to l>'ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers white ; June and July. We have given this description and figure from Schrader and Guimpel, because in 1837 there was a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden which answered to it, and which differs from P. speciosus in the leaves being nearly entire. iJi 11. P. hirsu'tus Nutt. The h&wy-leaved Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identificalwn. Nutt. Gen. Am., I. p. 301.; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2 C. ; Don's Mill. 2. p. 808. j Si/noni/mcs. P. villc^sus I.odd. Cat. ; P. gracilis T.orid. Cat. j Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 47. ; and owrflgs. 83'i, 833. 1 Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblon^-ovate, acute, dentate, 5-nerved, hairy on botii j surfaces, whitish on the under one. Flowers singly, or by threes. Styles concrete to the tip. Stigmas undivided. (Dec. Prod.) A straggHng sar- mentose shrub. America, in Tennessee. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft., but spreadiiiJ 8.11. P. (1.) srandiflftn's. XXX. i'HILADEI.PHA'CE^ : DEV^TZTJ. 4^5 several times that distance by its long shoots, which "TX^^ sometimes grow from 6 (t. to 10 ft. in a season. Intro- *^^\,^V duced in 1820. Flowers white, scentless ; middle of Very hardy, uninjured by the winter of 1837-8, and striking readily from half-ripened cut- tings planted in sandy loam in shady situations and covered with a hand-glass. Grafted standard high, it would form a very ornamental object. 333. p. hirswu.. S32. P. hirsutus. 12. P. TOMENTO^SUS IVa//. The wooWy-leaved Philadelphus, or Alock Orange. identification. Wall. Cat., 3658. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. :ynonymes. P. ncpalensis Lorfrf. Ca;". edit. 18.36; ? P.tn^i>r\iB Royle. y.ngravings. Royle lllust., t. 46. f. 1. ; oui fig. 834. from Royle ; a.nd fig. 835. from a specimen in 1 the Linnaean herbarium. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, denti- culated, tomentose be- neath. Racemes terminal. Pedicels opposite. Lobes of calyx ovate, acute. (Doll's Mill.) A rambling shrub, Nepal and Kainaon. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1822. Flow- P. triflorus, Royle observes, is, probably, only P. tomentosus in a less Ivanced state. According to Mr. Gordon, P. triflorus is very distinct from '. tomentosus, and quite hardy. P. mexicdnus Schlecht. in Linnsea 13. 418., Plant. Hart. 61., and Bot. Reg. jliron. 1840, No. 70., was raised from seeds in the Horticultural Society's [arden in 1840, and is probably hardy. , Genus II. P. toment6&Ui. DEU'TZ/^ Thunb. The Deutzia. Lin. Syst. Decandria Trigy'nia. 'mification. Thimb. Nov. Gen., 19. ; Jap. p. 10.; Juss, Gen., 431. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. wont/mes. Philadelphus in part, Leptospermum in part 'rivalion. Named in honour of John Deutz, a Dutch naturalist. n. Char. Calyx tube campanulate, tomentose ; limb 5 — 6-cleft. Petals 5—6, oblong. Stamens 10. ' Filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3 — 4, longer than the corolla. Stigma simple, club-shaped. Capsule globular, truncate, perforated, somewhat 3-cornered, scabrous ; 3 — 4-valved, 3— 4-celled. Seeds several in each cell. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; petiolate, ovate, acumi- nated, serrated, wrinkled, and veined ; scabrous from stellate fascicles of clown. Flowers white, in compound panicles ; peduncles and pedicels tomentose and scabrous. — Much-branched shrubs, with the branches purplish and villous ; natives of Asia ; of the same culture as Philadelphus, H 'I 466 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. a^ 1. 1). sca'bra. The scabrous Deutzia. Identification. Lin. Syst., p. 425. ; Thunb. Jap., t. 185. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. Engravings. Thunb. Jap., t. 24. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1718. ; and our^^. 836. s. 836. Detitzia scabra. Spec, Char., (^c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, scabrous from stellate down. Flowers in compound panicles ; peduncles and pedicels scabrous. Calycine lobes short and bluntish. (^JDoti's Mill.) A sar- mentose, showy, free-flowering shrub. Japan. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white ; May and June- Fruit brown ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young M'ood purplish brown. j» 2. D. (s.) coRYMBO^SA. The corymbose^oz/;e)-ec? Deutzia. Identification. R. Br. in Wall. Cat., 3652. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. Sunony?nes. D. canicscens Sieboldt; Philadclphus corymbbsus Wall. Engravings. Royle Illust., t. 46. fig. 2. ; and our/£-. 837. Spec. Cliar,, Sfc. Glabrous. Leaves ovate, acuminated, cuspidately serrated. Panicles corymbose, trichoto- mous. Panicle and outside of calyx dotted. Teeth of calyx short and rounded. Teeth of filaments, shorter than the anthers. (Don's Mill.) A sarmentose shrub. Nepal, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1830. Flowers white, sweet-scented, produced in abundance ; May and June. Fruit !^. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked wood brown. < D. staminea R. Br., Phiiadelphus stamineus Wall., , has entire, scabrous, lanceolate leaves, and white sweet- scented flowers. A native of Nepal, on high mountains ; ' but not yet introduced. D. Brundma. Wall., Leptospermum scabrum Wall.,' has ovate leaves, and axillary white flowers. It is a native of Kamaon, but has not yet been introduced. All these are pro- bably only varieties of one form. , 837 + 1 D. (s.) corymbbsa* Genus III. L/. DECUMA'RIA L. The Decumaria. Monogjnia. Li7i. Si/st. Dodecandria Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 597. ; Lam. 111., t. 403. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. Synoru/me. Forsjthirt Walt., not of Valil. ! Derivation. From decuma, a tenth ; in reference to the prevailing number, in some of the part| of fructification, being ten. In DeCandoUe's description of the genus, it is stated that the teet and nerves of the calyx, the petals, the stigmas, and the cells of the capsule, are each usually ten Gen. Char. Calyx tube campanulate; limb 7 — 10-toothed. P<'/ff/.s obloni; equal in number to the teeth of the calyx, and alternating with them. SUi mens thrice the number of the petals, disposed in one series. Style j Capsule ovoid, connate with the calyx. Seeds numerous, oblong. (DoJi's ATiU] Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; glabrous, entire or tootht at the apex. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in terminal corymbj .sometimes dioecious. Leaf buds beset with short rufous pili. — Sarmentoj shrubs, natives of North America. fl XXXI. NITRARIA CE^ : NITRA^RIA. 467 D. barltara. They will grow in any dry soil, and are readily propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened wood. ^ 1. B. ba'rbara L. The barbarous Decumaria. Identification. Lin. Sp., No. 1668. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 328. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. Si/nonymes . D. radicans Moench ileth. 17. ; D. Forsythm Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 2S2. ; 1). prostrata LoM. Cat. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 20. ; and our Jigs. 838. and 839. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate-ob' long, acute at both ends, gla- brous, entire or toothed at the tip. Buds hairy with short ru- fous hairs. (^Dec. Prod.) A sannentose shrub seldom seen in a vigorous state in British gar- dens. America, and Lower Ca- rolina, in shady woods. Height 4- ft. to 5 ft. ; against a wall 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1785. Flowers white, in corymbose panicles, sweet-scented ; July and August. Variety. ■^ D. b. 2 sarmentosa Dec. Prod. iii. p. 206- ; D. sarmentosa Bosc Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. i. p. 76. t. 13., Pursh. Sept. 1. p. 328. Car. lo-i. — Lower leaves rounded; upper leaves ovate-lanceo- late. {Dec. Prod.) A native of moist shaded places in Virginia and Carolina, where, in company with Zizyphus volubilis, it ascends the tallest cypress trees in the cedar swamps. Larger in all its parts than the species. The flowers are only produced in favourable situations ; and the plant seldom rises above -i^ or 5 feet, in the open air, in the climate of London. 859. D. barbara. Fors vthza scandens Walt. Order XXXI. NITRARLVCE^. Ord. Char. Calyx .5-toothed, inferior, fleshy. Petals 5, inflexed ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 15. Anthers innate. Ovarium superior, 3- or more celled. Stigma terminated by as many lines as there are cells in the ova- , rium. Friiit drupaceous, 1-seeded, opening by 3 or 6 valves. Albumen I none. Differs from i<'ic6ide£e in aestivation of petals. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; small, generally in fascicles. Flowers small, greenish white. — Low shrubs, natives of Asia. Genus I. MTRA^RIA L. The Nitraria. Lin. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. 'd-:ntification. Lin. Gen., No. 602. ; Lam. 111., t. 403. ; Geertn. Fruct.. l.t. .58. ; Dec. Prod., 3. , p. 4.56.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 155. '■'erivaiion. So named by Scliober, from one of the species being discovered in certain nitre-works ■ m Siberia, along with other saline plants. i'en. Char. The .same as that of the order. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; oblong entire, small-fascicled. Flowers small, white, in panicled racemes. — Shrubs, with white bark ; natives of Siberia. H II 2 468 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Seldom rising more than 3 ft. in height ; and, in Bi-itish gardens, thriving best in a dry soil, composed partly of hme rubbish, which should be, about once a year, strewed with a thin coat of salt. Propagated by cuttings. J4 I. N. Scho'ber/ L. Schober's Nitraria. Identification. Lin. Sp., 638. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 456. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 1.55. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oblong, perfectly entire. Drupes ovate. (Bee. Prod.) A low bushy shrub, varying with branches spiny, and branches smooth. Russia, in the neigh- bourhood of salt lakes. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. hi 1788. Flowers white ; May to August. Fruit blackish blue or red, rather larger than peas ; rarely seen in England. Vcmcties. jt ^. S. I sibirica. N. sibirica Pall. Fl. Ross, t 30. f. a., and our 7%. 810.— Fruit of a blackish blue colour. Siberia. Hort. Soc. Garden. j» -tV. S. 2 cdspica. N. caspica Pall. Flora Ross. t. 50. f. B., and our Jig. 841. — Fruit red. Leaves longer. Young branches pubescent. Fruit larger, and much more acute. Hort. Soc. Garden. 840. N. Schdberi sibirica. .^.^— N. tridentdta Desf., a native of Africa, is described in our first edition, but is rather tender in British gardens. 811 N. b. caspica. Order XXXII. GROSSULA^CEiE. Ord. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 4 — 5. Anthers introrse. Ovarium 1-celled, with two opposite parietal placenta. Style 2- 3-, or 4- cleft. Fridt succulent, crowned by the persistent calyx, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen horny. Differs from Cactaceae in definite stamens, albuminous seed, calyx, corolla, and habit.^ (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; lobed or cut, plaited when folded in the bud. Flowers axillary, or terminal, greenish, whitish yellow or red. — Shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; all included in the genus Ribes. Genus I. — 1 L^aJ RPBES L. The Ribes. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 281. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 477. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 177. Synovymes. Grossiilaria Tourn. ; Chrysobotrya, Calob6trya, Coreosnia, and Rihes Spacli ; Gro- seiller, Fr. \ .lohaniiisbeere, Ger. ; Kruisbes, Dutch ; Uva .Spina, Ital. ; Grossella, Span. Derivation. The word Ribes is from the name of an acid plant mentioned by the Arabian physicians, wliich has been discovered to be the /2heum Ribes ; Grossularia is from the Latin grossulus, a little unripe fig. Ge7i. Char. The same as that of the order. i XXXII. GROSSULA CE^ : RIBES. 469 Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; lobed or cut, plaited while in the bud. Floivers greemsh white, yellow, or red ; very rarel}' uni- sexual. There is one bractea at the base of each pedicel, which is cut more or less ; and two much smaller ones, called bracteoles, under each ovarium. — Unarmed or spiny shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; two of which (the common currant and gooseberry) are well known in British gardens, for their valuable fiuits. Many of the sorts here set down as species are, we have no doul)t, only varieties ; but, as we are not able to refer these to their aboriginal forms, we have followed the usual authorities, and more especially the nomenclature adopted in the Horticultural Society's Garden. All the species of Rlbes strike root readily from cuttings ; and grow freely in any soil that is tolerably dry ; but, as they are only ligneous in a subordinate degree, and are but of a temporary duration under any circum-;tances, they require to be grown in dug beds or borders, and are, therefore, more fitted for scientific collections or flower-borders, than for general shrubberies, undug arboretums, or lawns. Tlic most showy species are Rlbes sanguineum and aureum, and their varieties. R. speciosum has a singular fuchsia-like appearance when in blossom ; and R. multiflorum, though the flowers are greenish, is remarkably elegant, on ac- count of the long many-flowered racemes in which they are disposed. § i. Grossularice Ach. Rich. Gooseberries. Synonymes. Groseiller a Maquereau, Fr.; Stachclbeere Strauch, G^r. ; Kxmshes, Dutch ; Uva Spina, Hal. ; and GroscUa, Span. Sect. Char., Sfc. Stems, in most instances, prickly. Leaves plaited. Flowers in racemes ; 1,2, or 3, in a raceme. Calyx more or less bell-shaped. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 478.) — Shrubs with prickles; and with the leaves and fruit more or less resembling those of the common gooseberry. 1. R. A. Flowers greenish white. OxYACANTHoiDES L. The Rawthom-leaved Gooseberry. Identification Midiaux. Engravings. Mem. Soc M- 842. Pursh Sept., 2. p. 165. ; Berlandier in Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2., not c Pliys. Gen., 3. pars 2. t. 1. f. 1. ; Dill. Elth., t. 139. p. 166.; and our Spec. Char., Sfc. Infra-axillary prickles larger, and mostly solitary ; smaller prickles scattered here and there. Leaves glabrous, their lobes dentate, their petioles villous, and a little hisjiid. Peduncles short, bearing 1 — 2 flowers. Berry globose, glabrous, pur[)lish blue. {Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. Canada, on rocks. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. In- troduced in 1705. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit small, red and green, or purplish blue; ripe in August; and agreeable to eat. This shrub varies much in the number and colour of its prickles, and its more or less dense ramification and pubes- cence. The fruit resembles that of the common gooseberry. It is not common in British gardens, the R. oxya- canthdides of Michaux {R. lacustre Poir.) being diflTerent from it. Perhaps It IS only one of the wild states of the common gooseberry ; which varies so very much when in a state of culture, that it is reasonable" to suppose that it will vary much also in a wild state. H H 3 oxyacanthOides. 470 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. g 2. R. SETO^suM Li7idL Tlie bristly Gooseberry. Jdentification. LiniU. Bot. Keg. ; Hook. Fl. Amer., 1. p. 230. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 177. Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1237. ; and ourjf;;. 843. Spec. Char.fSfc. Branches beset with dense bristles. Prickles unequal, subulate. Leaves roundish, cordate at the base, pubescent, 3 — 5-lobed, deeply crenated. Peduncles 2-flowered, some- times bracteate. Calyx tubularly campanulate, with the segments linear, obtuse, and spreading, twice the length of the petals, which are entire. Berries hispid. {Dons Mill.) A prickly shrub. North America, on the banks of the Saskat- chawan. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers greenish ; April and May. Fruit as in the preceding species. S45. R. setosuni. Identification. » 3. R. TRIFLO^RUM Willd. Enum., l.p. 51. ; ^jjnonymes. R. II. 237. : R W. The .3-flowered Gooseberry. Dec. Prod., 3. Hajn, stamineuni Horn. Enum. Hort. t. majus Hort. Engravings. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2. t. 1. f. 4. ; and OUT Jig. 844. Spec. Char., Sfc. Infra-axillary prickles soli- tary. Leaves glabrous, 3 — o-lobed, incisely dentate. Peduncles bearing 1 — 3 flowers. Pedicels long. Bracteas membranaceous, sheathing. Calyx tubularly bell-shaped. Pe- tals spathulately obcordate. Berries reddish, glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1812. Flowers whitish ; April and May. Fruit reddish, glabrous ; ripe in July and August. Easily distinguished from li. C'ynosbati by its smooth fruit, narrow flowers, and exserted stamens. R. trifl6runi. li 4. R. (t.) ni'veum Lindl. The snowy-floivered Currant-lUce Gooseben Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1C92. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1692.; and our./??. S4.5. Spec. Char., c')-c. Branches prickly, the prickles soli- tary, or in pairs, or in threes. Leaves glabrous, roundish, entire at the base, having in the out- ward part 3 blunt lobes that are crenately cut. Flowers about 2 together, on peduncles. Sepals re- flexed. !?tan]ens very prc- minent, conniving, hairy, longer than the styk'. (Lindl.) A prickly slu'ub. North America, on the north-west coast. Heiijht 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introd. 1826. Flowers white, pendulous ; April and May. Fruit deep rich purple, about the size of the black currant ; ripe in July and August. S45. li. (t.) nivt'uiij. XXXII. GROSSULA CEA; : RIBES. 471 I [ The bush bears some similarity to R. triflorum. The fruit resembles a ■mall smooth gooseberry ; " but its flavoui- is very clifFerent : it is entirely des- 'tute of the flatness which is more or less perceptible in even the best goose- 'erries; in lieu of which it has a rich subacid, vinous, rather perfumed, flavour, (hich is extremely agreeable. The fruit is rather too acid to be eaten raw ; but, !?hen ripe, it makes delicious tarts, and would, probably, afford an excellent beans of improving the common gooseberry by cross breeding!:." {Lindl.) R, ^iveuni, apart from these considerations (which, however, will probably lead n its culture in the kitchen-garden), is, from its white pendulous flowers, a Valuable addition to our ornamental hardy shrubs. 5. R. (t,) Cyno'sbati L. {ientificalion. Lin. Sp., 292. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479 \>fnomj^ne. R. ? triflbrum var. \ngravings. Mem. .Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2. t. I. f. 3 The Dog-Bramble Gooseberry. Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. and OUT Jig. 846. \'pec. Char., t^-c. Infra-axillary j prickles 1 — 2. Leaves 3 — 4-lobed, I softly pubescent. Peduncles bear- ; ing 2 — 3 flowers. Calyx campanu- lately cylindrical. Petals small, r much shorter than the stigmas and I stamens. Style simple, toward the 1 middlehairy, rarely glabrous. Berry ; prickly. (Dec. Prod.) A prickly i shrub. Canada, on mountains ; and j also Japan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1759. Flowers whitish; I April. Fruit reddish. 'arieties. There are two forms of this species : — ji R. (<.) C. I fructu glabra, with whitish flowers and smooth fruit. Native of Hudson's Bay. jt R. (t.) C. 2 fructu acidedto, with prickly branches and fruit, and flowers pubescent and purplish. Native of Lake Huron. Hardly differs from R. divaricatum, except in the broader tube of the orolla, and the shorter stamens. 846. R. (t.) Cyfldsbati. >A\ 6. R. (t.) divarica^tum Dough The spreaA'mg-bi'ancked Gooseberry. tieniification. Dougl. in Bot. Reg., t. 13,59. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. ynonyvies. R. ? triflbrum var. ; R. ? Grossiilaria var. triflbra subvar. ngravings. Bot. Keg., t. 13.')9. ; and our fig. 847. pec. Char., iSfc. Branches divaricate, bristly, at length naked. Spines 1 — 3 together, axil- lary, deflexed, large. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed, deeply toothed, nerved, glabrous. Peduncles 3-flovvered, drooping. Calyx funnel-shaped; with the segments at length spreading, and twice the length of the tube. Style and sta- mens exserted. (Do}i's Mill.) A large prickly- shrub, with ascending branches. North Ame- rica, on the north-east coast, common on the banks of streams near Indian villages. ' Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1826. I Flowers white ; April. Fruit black, smooth, ! spherical, agreeable to eat ; ripe in July. j Nearly allied to R. triflorum, of which, like I. Cynosbati and some of the following sorts, it is, probably, only a variety. H H 4 ^ R, (t.) divaricfttum. 472 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. j4 7. R. (t.) irri'guum Doug/. The well-watered Gooseberry. Identification. Dougl. in Hort. Trans., 7. p. 516. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Synonyme. R. ? tri96rum var. Engraving. Our Jig. 848. from a plant in the Horticultural Society s Garden Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles axillary, ter- nary. Leaves cordate, somewhat 5- lobed, toothed, ciliated, pilose on both surfaces, nerved. Peduncles 3- flowered, beset with glandular hah-s. Calyx campanulate. Segments linear, about equal in length to the tube. Berries glabrous, spherical, half an inch in diameter, smooth, juicy, and well- flavoured. (Dun's Mill.) A prickly shrub. America, on the north-west coast, on moist mountains and rocks, near springs and streams. Height 3 ft. to 4' ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; April. Fruit reddish, glabrous ; ripe in August. jt 8. R. hirte'llum Michx. The slightly hmy-branche^ Gooseberry. Jdentiflcation. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 111. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Engraving. Our Jig. 849 . from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines infra-axillary. Branches sparingly hispid, with short hairs. Leaves small, cleft half-way down into 3 dentate lobes. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Berries glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. Canada and Virginia, on rocky mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Litroduced in 1812. Flowers greenish white ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe 848. K. (t.) irr.guum. in August. R.hirt^llun 9. R. gra'cile Michx. The sler\der-bra7icked Gooseberry. Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479. gricile. Identification, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 111. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept, Engraving. Our Jig. 850. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Infra-axillary spine very short. Petioles of leaves slender. Disks cut into acute lobes. Peduncles. ! slender, upright, bearing about 2 flowers. Calyx glabrous,, tubularly bell-shaped. Berries glabrous, purple or blue ; \ of exquisite flavour. (Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub, i North America, on the mountains of Tennessee, and in ; mountainous meadows from New York to Virginia., Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers; whitish ; April and May. Fruit purple or blue, high- flavoured ; ripe in July and August. ji 10. R. AcicuLA^RE Smith. The acicular spilled Gooseberry. Identification. Smith in Rees's Cycl. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Synonyme. R. U'va-crSspa Sicvcrs in Pall. Nord. Beytr. 7. p. 274., ? Pall. Fl. Ross. 2. p. 37. Engravings. Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 230. ; andouryjg. 851. Spec. Char., ^c. Very prickly. Prickles sti- pular, 3 — 5-parted. Leaves rather pubescent, nearly orbicular, 3 — 3-lobed. Lobes bluntish, deeply serrated. Peduncles usually 1-flowered, bracteolate in the middle. Calyx campanulate, snioothish. Berries bractless, and, as well as the ssi. «.adci»ita«. XXXII. GROSSULA^CEiE : RI^BES. 473 styles, quite glabrous. Stem erect or procumbent. Petals white. Berries glabrous. (Doji's Mill.) A prickly shrub. Siberia, on stony, rocky, moun- tainous places. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced ? 1815. Flowers whitish ; April and May. Fruit yellowish or purplish ; grateful to the taste ; ripe in July and August. Horticultural Society's Garden. jt 11. i?. Grossula^ria L. The f owmo?j Gooseberry. Jdermfication. Lin. Sp., p. 291. ; Smith's Engl. Bot., t. 1292. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 179. Synonymcs. R. UVa-crfspa (Ed. Fl. Dan. 54R. ; Orossuiaria hirsOta Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; R. UN?- crispa var. 5. satna Dec. Fl. Fr. ^. p. 408. ; Feaberry, Cheshire and the North of England ; Feabes, Xor/otk ; Grozert in Scotland ; Groseiller a Maquereau, Fr. ; Griselle in Piedmont \ gemeine Stachelbeere, Ger. : Uva Spina, Ital. Derivation. U'va-crispa signifies tlie rough grape. Feaberry is a corruption of fever-berry, from the fruit being formerly, according to Gerard, considered a specific against fevers ; Feabes, or Feapes, is an abbreviation of feaberry. Grozert is evidently taken from the French name. Groseiller a Maquereau is from the Latin name Grossularia, and the use made of the fruit as a sauce for mackerel. Stachelbeere signifies prickly berry ; and Uva Spina, the prickly grape. Gooseberry is from gorse berry, from the prickliness of the bush resemliling that of the gorse. or furze ; or, more probably, from the use made of the fruit as a sauce to young, or green, geese. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1292. ; and our^^. 8-52. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles 2 or 3 under each bud. Branches otherwise smooth, and spreading or erect. Pedicels 1 — 2-flowered. Leaves .3 — .5- lobed, rather villous. Bracteas close together. Calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments, which are shorter than the tube. Petals rounded at the apex, glabrous, but bearded in the throat. St\le always beset with long down. {Don's Mill.) A prickly spreading shrub. Europe and Nepal, in woods and hedges. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit com- monly red, sometimes yellow or green ; ripe in August. Varieties. ^ R. G. 2 JTva-cTispa Smith Engl. Fl. ii. p. 333. ; R. UVa crispa Lin. Sp. 292., Smith Engl. Bot. t. 2057. (our Jig. 852.); UVa-crispa Fuch. Hist. t. 187. ; UVa spina Math. f. 1. ; R. UVa-crispa var. 1 sylvestris 8J2. R. Grossulkria. 151. Valgr. 1. t. Berlajidier ; has the berries smooth. R. G. 3 spinosissima Berl. MSS. has the branches thickly beset with spines. R. G. 4 reclinata Berl. MSS., R. reclinatum L,in. Sp. 291., GiTossularia reclinata Mill. Diet. No. 1,, has the branches rather prickly, and reclinate. R. G. 5 Besser'ikwa Berl. 3ISS., R. hybridum Besser Prim. Fl. Gall. Austr. p. 186., has the branches prickly, and the fruit pubescent, intermixed with glandular ^. (fuVa- bristles. Native of Cracow, in hedges. "'^pa. R. G. 6 sjibi7iermis Berl. 'MSS. — Plant nearly glabrous. Bark smooth, brown. Prickles axillary. Flowers and leaves small. Native about Geneva. Perhaps a subvariety of R. G. reclinata. R. G. 7 macrocmpa Dec. Prod. iii. p. 478. — Stigmas often longer than the petals. Flowers and berries large. R. G. 8 bractedta Berl, MSS. — Berries clothed with 2—4—5 straight, coloured, nearly opposite, bracteas and bristles, resembling sepals, which fall off before the berry arrives at maturity. (Don's Mill.) ^ R. G. 9 himalaydnus, R. himalayanus Royle, was raised in the 474 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Horticultural Society's Garden in 1838, and seems hardly different from the species. (Gard. Mag., 1839, p. 4.) Other Varieties. Till lately, botanists made even the rough and the smooth- fruited kinds of the cultivated gooseberry two distinct species, as may be seen by the synonymes to R. UVa-crispa above; though it was re- corded by Withering, that seeds from the same fruit would produce both I'oiigh and smooth-fruited plants. If varieties were to be sought for amontr the sorts in cultivation, they would be found almost without number. The following selection of garden varieties has been made solely with refer- ence to the habit of growth of the plants : — The Red Champagne, or Ironmonger, has the branches erect and fasti- giate, and will form a handsome bush, 6 or 7 feet high. Horsemaris Green Gage is a most vigorous-growing plant, with a spread- ing head, and will form a bush 10 ft. high. The Red Rose is a vigorous-growing bush, with a pendulous head, but seldom rising higher than 3 ft., unless trained to a stake to some height before it is allowed to branch out. B. Flowers red. jt 12. R. SPECio^suM Pursh. The showy-^oivered Gooseberr}'. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 731. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 478. ; Don's Mill, 3. p. 185. Synonymes. R. stamineum Smith in Rccs's CycL, Dec. I'rod. 3. p. 477.; ?Ii. iuchsioides Fl. Mex., ic. ined. ; R. triacanthum Menzies. Engravings. Sw. Fl.-Gard., 2d ser., t. 149. ; and our fig. 854. Spec. Char., ^c. Shrub prickly. Prickles infra-axillary, triple. Branches hispid. Leaves with petiole short, and disk wedge-shaped at the base, rounded at the outer end, indistinctly 3-lobed, incisely crenate, glabrous, and nerved. Peduncles longer than the leaves, and bearing 1 — 3 flowers. Pedicels and germens hairy with glanded hairs. Bracteas rounded or very obtuse. Flowers of a deep red. Calyx cyhn- drical. 4-parted ; Ihe lobes oblong, ob- tuse. Petals of the length of the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 4 ; in length double that of the calyx. Filaments red. Style as long as the stamens, sim[)le, red. (Dec. Prod.) A very prickly-branched shrub, with a brownish red aspect. America, on the western coast, and in California. Height, in a wild state, 3 ft. to 4 ft. ; ;n cultivation twice that height in rich deep soil. Introduced in 1829. Flow- ers deep red ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe ?. The shining leaves and large crimson glittering blossoms (resembling those of the fuchsia) of this species render it a most desirable acquisition to the tlowei-garden and shrubbery. The leaves, in favourable situations, are fre- quently retained during great part of the winter ; so that it may almost be considered as an evergreen. It will grow by cuttings of the old or young wood, but not so readily as most other species ; and, therefore, it is generally pro- pagated by pegging down the shoots quite flat, and covering them with an inch of soil, as recommended for the propagation of the common plum for stocks. Plants of this species do not grow so lapidly as most others of the gooseberry sections ; and their branches arch over and droop in such a manner, as not to display the flowers to advantage, unless the branches are raised at least to the level of the eye. For this reason, the plant ought either to be grown on elevated rockwork, or trained to an espalier or wall. 354. R. apeciisuin. XXXIl. GROSSULA CEiE : RI BES. 475 i 13. R. Menzie^s// Ph. Menzies's Gooseberry Ueniification. Pursh Sept., 2. App. p. 732. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 185. Si/iwiii/>m. R. fdrox Smith in Rccs's Cycl. Engraving. Our Jig. 855. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Clinr., S:c. Very prickly. Spines 3-partite. Leaves cordate, truncate at the base, 5-lobed, serrated, wrinkled from vein.s, clothed with pubescence beneath. Peduncles usually 1-flowered. Calyx cylindrically campanulate, deeply 5-parted, glandular. Stamens 5, enclosed. Style a little exserted. (iermens and peduncles prickly. (Do7i'.s Mi//.) A very prickly shrub. North Caiitornia and at Port Tri- nidad. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers bright red or crimson, glandular, as showy as in the pre- ceding species ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe ?. i R. viicrophj/lhim H. B. et Kunth is a native of the moun- g^^^ ^_ Menziesrt I tains of Mexico, at an elevation of 4200 ft,, with the leaves : small and nearly reniform, and the peduncles very short and 2-flowered. It grows to the height of from 4 ft. to 6 ft. I § ii. Botrycarpum Dec. i Sect. Char. Fruit disposed in racemes ; the plants having the prickles of the preceding section (Grossularia), and the racemose flowers of the following section (Ribesia). (Don's Mill., iii. p. 185.) Plants intermediate between gooseberries and currants. The Eastern Currant-like Gooseberry. 185. 856, A orientale. ^ 14. R. orienta'le Pair. Identification. Poir. Encycl. Suppl., 2. p. 856. ; Desf. Arb., 2. p. 88. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. Engraving. Our fig. 856. from a living specimen in the Birmingham Botanic Garden. Spec. Char., t^-c. Plant rather prickly. Leaves 3 — 5- lobed, somewhat reniformly orbicular, cut, hairy ; lobes rather deep, obtuse. Petioles hairj'. Racemes erect- ish, few-flowered. Bracteas longer than the flowers. Style bifid at the apex. Flowers greenish yellow. Fruit Ike those of the currant, (Do?i's Mill.) A vigorous- growing shrub, Syria, Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1824. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe in September. The plant in the Birmingham Botanic Garden does not agree altogether with the description, and may possibly be some other species, at 15, R. saxa'tile Pa/l. The rock Currant-like Gooseberry. Identification. Pall. Nov. Act. Petr., 10. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 185. Synoni/me. ?I{. alplnum Sievers in Pall. Nord. Bcytr. 7. p. 345. Engravings. Led. Fl. Ros. Alt. 111., t. 239. ; and our fig. 857. Spec. Char., 8fc. Prickles scattered. Leaves roundish-cunei- forni, bluntly 3-lobed, Racemes erect. Bracteas linear, shorter I than the pedicels. Calyx flat, scabrous. Sepals small, of a livid i,'reen colour. Flowers small, greenish purj)le. Petals spathu- late. Berries smooth, globose, bractless, dark purple when mature, full of edible pulp, rarely so large as conniion currants, but like them. {Bon's Mill.) A bushy shrub. Siberia. Height 4 h. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flov/ers small, greenish ' purple ; April and May, Fruit dark purple ; ripe in August. I ^ 16. 22. Diaca'ntha L,//, The twin-prickled O/rranif-Me Gooseberry. Identification. Lin. fil. .Suppl., p. 157. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479. I M.ngravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 97. ; and our fig. 858. S57. R. saxatile. 476 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 858. R. Diacintha. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stipular prickles twin. Leaves with a disk shorter than the petiole, and wedge-shaped, perfectly glabrous, and ""« parted into 3 lobes which are dentate. Flowers upon long pedicels, in long upright ^^^vi racemes. Bracteas the length of the flowers. ^^^ Sepals rounded, yellowish. Petals small, roundish. Berry ovate or globose, red. (Dec. Prod.) A spiny shrub. Dahuria and Siberia, in rocky places. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1781. Flowers yellowish green ; May and June. Fruit ovate, red ; ripe in August. A very distinct sort, easily known by its cuneated leaves and yellowish flowers. In Messrs. Loddiges's collection there is a fasti- giate-growing variety. Sik n R. LACu'sTRE Poir. The lakeside Ciurant-like Gooseberry. Identification. Poir. Encycl. Suppl., 2. p. 856. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 478. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178 Synonyme. IR. oxjacanthoides Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 111. Engraving. Onrfig. 859. from a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char,, i^-c. Infra-axillary prickles ma- nifold ; the stem hispid with minute prickles. Leaves lobed beyond the middle ; glabrous beneath, rather pilose above. Petioles villous. Peduncles ? upright, ?reflexed, bearing 2 — 3 flowers upon hispid pedicels. Flowers small, yellowish green, Germen hispid. (Dec. Prod.) A very prickly shrub. Canada and Virginia, in moist places. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. In- troduced in 1812. Flowers small, yellow- ish ; AjM'il and May. Fruit purplish black, about the size of the common black cur- rent ; ripe in August. Variett/. ^ R. /. 2 echindtuvi; R. echinatum Dougl. MSS., and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 992. ; R. armatum Hort. ; has the stems prostrate, while those of the species are upright and j rather slender. I The flowers are those of the currant, and the prickly stems those of the; gooseberry. The fruit is about the -size of black currants, in pendulous racemes,! purplish black, shining, clothed with hairs, and unpleasant to the taste. The] plant forms rather a spreading trailing bush, and is therefore more adaptecij for spreading over rockwork or stones, than for standing erect by itself. Horti- cultural Society's Garden. § iii. Ribesia Dec. Currants. Synonymes. Ribes sp. Iati. and others ; Calobotrya, Coreosma, and ISihis Spach ; Groseilles erj Grappes, or Groscillier commun, Fr. ; Johannisbeere, Ger. ; Bessenbooni, Dutch ; Ribes, Hal. Sect. Char. Shrubs unarmed. Racemes, for the most part, many-flowered Leaves plicate. Calyx campanulate or cylindrical. (Don's Mill., iii. p. I8o. Shrubs, the branches of which are without prickles, and the leaves am! fruit of which resemble those of the currant more than these oi the goosej berry. 859. R. lacistre. I XXXII. GROSSULA CEiE: RI BES. 477 .4. Flowers greenish, or greenish yellow, or reddish ; and Fruit, m a wild State, red. <£ 18. R. RU^BRUM L. The common red Currant. in m 860. R. rubrum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 290. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 4H1. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Synonijmts. R. vulgare iV. Dti Bam. ; Groseillier coramun, Fr. ; gemeine Johannisbeere, Ger. ; .•ialbessen Boom, Dutch ; Ribes rosso, Ital. Engravings. Smith Engl. Bot., t. 1289. ; Krauss, t. 48. ; and our Jig. 860. Spec. Char., cfc. Leaves cordate, bluntly 3 — 5-lol)ed, pubescent beneath, when young, usually rather to- inentose, glabrous above. Racemes drooping. Brac- teas ovate, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx flatly campanulate, spreading. Sepals obtuse. Petals ob- cordate. Fruit quite glabrous. Flowers yellowish. (Dotis Mill.) An upright shrub. Europe and Siberia, in woods ; and throughout Canada to the mouth of the Mackenzie ; in the North of England and in Scot- land, in mountainous woods, and about the banks of rivers. Height •i ft. to 6 ft. Flowers greenish yel- low ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe in July. Varieties. De Candolle gives the following forms of this species : — ^ R. r. 1 si/lvestre Dec. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 406. — Leaves and berries small. Lobes of leaves short. jt R. r. 2 hortcnse Dec. 1. c. R, rubrum Lois. Nouv. Diet. iii. — Leaves large, sometimes variegated. Berries sweeter and larger than in var. \. Cultivated in gardens. as R. r. 3 carneum Berl. MSS. ex Dec. Prod. iii. p. 481. R. rubrum domesticum 2 baccis carneis Wallr. Sched. p. 106. — Leaves rather tomentose beneath. Sepals red. Cells of anthers distant. Berries pale red. a R. r. 4 variegdtum Dec. Prod. iii. p. 481., Wallr. 1. c, has the berries beautifully variegated ; or, rather, distinctly striped with white and red. In cultivation in Austria, and well deserving of a place in every collection, from the beauty and singularity of its fruit. R. r. 5 album Desf. Cat. Bot. p. 164. — Berries white. R. r. 6 foliis liiteo variegdtis Du Ham. has the leaves variegated with yellow, and the fruit red. ^ R. r. 7 foliis dlbo variegdtis Du Ham. has the leaves variegated with white, and the fruit white. a R. r. 8 sih'iricum Oldaker. The Russian currant. — Of vigorous growth. The prop^ation, culture, &c., of the currant, as a fruit shrub, will be found given at length in our Encychpcedia of Gardening, and in our Suburban Ilorti- culiurist. & a 19. R. (r.) alpi\num L. Currant. The alpine red Identification. Lin. Sp., 291. ; Dec. Ffod., 3. p. 480. ; Uon's Mill., 3. p. 186. Synonymc. R. di'olcum Masters. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 96, ; and ourfig. 861. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves with 3 — 5 lobes, ob- tuse, hairy above, shining beneath. Racemes grouped. Bracteas lanceolate, inflated, spar- ingly glandulose, mostly larger than the flowers. Petals minute, as if in abortion. Anthers more or less sessile. St\les con- nate. Berries red. (Dec. Prod.) A spreading shrub. Alps of Europe and Si- ft, (r. ) alplnum. 478 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. in :i ? iiii- beria ; and found in Britain, in woods, both in England and Scotland. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe in July. Varieties. Berlandier has described two forms of the species, and Dr. Lind!e\ has added a proper variety. j» R. (r.) a. 1 sterile Wallr. Sched. p. 108. R. dioicum Masnck Mei/i. — Flowers many in a raceme, and densely disposed, flat, destitute of a gernien, soon falling off. Anthers almost sessile, acute, bearini; pollen. ji» R. (?■.) «. 2 bacciferian Wallr. Sched. p. 108. — Flowers few raceme, rather salver-shaped. Anthers upon obvious filaments, perfect. Style bifid to a small extent. Germen obvious. j4 R. (r.) a. 3 pumilum Lindl. in Hort. Trans, vii. p. 244., and our Jig. 862. — In every re- spect the same as the species, but not one third of the size, never exceeding 2 ft.in height, even when cultivated in gar- dens. The leaves are deeply cut, the flowers small, and the fruit seldom produced. ^ R. (?•.) a. i fhlii^ varicgdtis Hort. has variegated leaves. Horticultural Society's Garden. jt 20. R. (r.) petr^'um Wulf. The rock red Currant. Identification. Wulf. in Jacq. Misc., 2. p. 36. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Synonymes. R. alpinum Delarb. Auvergn. p. 1C6. ; Kibes coralline, Ital. ; the woolly-leaved Cur- rant, the red Marshmallow-leaved Currant. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 705. ; and onr fig. 863. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves acuminated, 3 — 5- lobed, rather cordate, deeply serrated, on long petioles, pilose above. Racemes erect, crowded, rather pubescent. Brac- teas shorter than the pedicel. Sepals obtuse. Petals obcordate, small, white. Berries large, deep red, with an acid taste. Fruiting racemes pendulous. {Don^s Mill.) A spread- ing.shryb. Alps of Carinthia, Savoy,and on almo.stall themountains ofthecontinentof Europe. In England, it is found near Eg- gleston and ConsclifFe, in the county of Durham ; and in Scotswood Dean, North- 862. R. (r.) a. piimilum. 863. fi. (r.) petrae^um. umberland. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Fruit red ; ripe in July. at 21. i?. (r.) spica^tum Robs. The s^\ke<\-Jlowered red, or Tree, Currant. Identification. Robs, in Lin. Trans., 3. p. 240- t. 21.; Smith Engl. Bot., t. 1290. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 187- Si/nonyme. The Tree Currant Engravings. Lin. Trans., 3. p. 240. t. 21. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1290.; Berl., I.e., t. 2. f. 16. ; and our fig. 864. S])ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish- cordate, 3 — 5-lobed, covered with soft hairs above, and with tomen- tum beneath. Racemes erect. Ss XXXII. GROSSULA CE/E : RI BES. 479 I Flowers more or less pedicellate. Bracteas obtuse, tomentose, much shorter than the pedicels. Sepals roundish-cuneated. Petals oblong. Styles bifid. Berries glabrous, globose, and in colour and taste resembling those of R. ru- bruni, (Don's Alill.) An upright shrub. North of England, in woods near Richmond in Yorkshire, and Piersbridge and Gainford in Durham. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit redj ripe in July. The tree currant affords a fruit rather smaller, and more acrid, than the common red currant ; but by crossing and cultivation it might, no doubt, be greatly improved ; and, from its comparatively tree-like habits, might be a more convenient fruit shrub in respect to the crops around it. ji 22. R. (r.) cakpa'thicum Kit. The Carpathian red Currant. Identification. Kit. in Schultes CEstr. Fl., 2. ed. 1. p. ■132. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Synonyme. B. s.cerx'\mu-m Rochel ex Rccvi. et Schultes b. p. 493. Engraving. Oar Jig. . in p. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Leaves 5-lobed, cordate. Racemes pendulous, and, as well as the calyxes, pubescent. Petals flattish, smaller than the calyx. (Don's Mill.) Carpathian Mountains. Height 4 ft. Perhaps only a variety of R. rubrum. s 23. R. (r.) multiflo'rum Kit. The many-flowered red Currant. Identification. Kit. in Roem. et Schultes Syst., 5. p. 493., but not of H. B. et Kunth; Don's Mill. 3. p. 187. Synonymes. R. spicatum Sc/iullcs CEstr. Fl. ed. 1. p. 433. ; R. tritiRilium Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2368. ; and ourjig. 8f«. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves 3-lobed, cordate, tomentose beneath. Racemes very long, pendulous, drooping. Bracteas shorter than the flowers. Petioles length of leaves. Petals wedge- shaped. Styles bifid, and some- times distinctly trifid. (Don's Mill.) A spreading shrub, with vigorous branches and large leaves. Croatia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flow- ers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit small, red ; ripe in ^V- S6S. R (r.) multiflonim. The long racemes of flowers, the vigorous growth of the shoots, the large leaves, and the luxuriant habit of the plant, altogether render this a very orna- . mental sort. From the luxuriance of the flowers and leaves, and of the plant . generally, fruit is seldom produced ; and, when it appears, it is generally of small size. On account of the gracefulness of the long drooping racemes of ; flowers, it well deserves a place in collections. I I J. 24. R. (r.) albine'rvuji Michx. The vihite-nerved-leaved red Currant. I ; Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 110. ; Don's Mill, 3. p. 187. I Engraving. OnTfig.2m2 in p.llOT. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves short, petiolate, deeply and acutely lobed, smoothish, with whitish nerves. Racemes recurved. Flowers small. Berries red, glabrous. (Don's Mill.) A shrub. Canada and the Catskill Mountains, in the state of New York. Height 4 ft. Litroduced ?. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Berries red ; ripe in July. ^ 25. R. acumina'tum Wall. The pointed-leaved Currant. • Identification. Wall. Cat. ; Royle Illust,, p. 22.5. ; Don's Mill.. 3- p. 187. i.ngraving. Our fig. 866. from a specimen in the I.innasan herbarium. 480 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches glabrous. Leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered hairs beneath, 3 — o-lobed ; lobes acuminated, serrated. Racemes axillary, erect. Peduncles pubescent. Berries nodding. Calyx campa- nulate. Petals rounded at the apex. (Do)Cs Mill.) A smooth shrub. Nepal, on Sirmore and Eniodi. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ? in 1837. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red, about the size of that of the red currant ; ripe in July. 26. R. (r.) tri'fidum Michx. Currant. The trifid-c«/yxerf red Idenlijication. Miclix. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 110. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Engraving. Our fig. 867. from a specimen in Sir \V. J. Hooker's herbarium. 866. R. (r.) acuminatum. 867. a. (r.Jtrtfidum. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves smooth, moderately lobed. Racemes loosely many-flowered, pubescent. Flow- ers small. Calycine segments rather trifid. Ber- ries hairy, red. Lobes of leaves acutish. Ra- cemes weak, nearly like those of R. riibrum, but the flowers smaller. Petals purplish, spathulate, rounded at the apex. (Do?i's Mill.) A prostrate shrub. North America, near Quebec, and at Hud- son's Bay. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers purplish ; April and May. B. Floiuers greenish yellow, sometimes ivith the Tips of the Sepals and Petals red. Fruit black. ^ 27. R. Ni^GRUM L. The black Currant. Identification. Lin. Sp., 291. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. Synonymes. if. 61idum ilcench Meth. 683.; Capis and Foivrier, Fr. ; schwartze Johannisbeere Ger. ; Ribes nero, Ital. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 1291. ; and omfig. 868. 8R8. R ni^Tum. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves dotted from glands beneath, 3 — 3-lobed. Racemes loose. Bracteas minute, subulate or obtuse, much shorter than the pedi- cels. Petals oblong. Calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments. Flowers whitish, or yellowish green. Calyx often of a rich brownish red colour, or pink. Stamens sometimes more than 3, in which case there are fewer petals ; so that when there are 10 stamens there are no petals. This change of petals into stamens :-s just the reverse of the process by which : .single flowers become double; and it is the only fact of the kind which has | hitherto been observed. Stigmas bifid. Berries globose, black, glandular. (Don's Mill.) A shrub with smoothish branches, strong-smelling leaves. XXXII. GKOSSULA CE^E : RI BES. 481 11 £ £ ^Am Europe. Height 4ft. Flowers yellowish green ; April and May. Fruit dark purple; ripe in June and July. Varieties. R. 11. Z bacca flavlda Hort. — Supposed to be a hybrid between the black and white cuirants, and to have been originated near Bath., previously to 1827, The fruit is of a dingy greenish yellow ; but the plant has the habit and general appearance of R. nigrum. R. n. 3 hdcca viridi Hort. has the fruit green when ripe. This variety is common in Russia in a wild state. Hort. Soc. Garden. Sk R. n. ifoliis variegdtis Vilm. — Leaves variegated with yellow streaks. Garden Vaiieties. Six of these are enumerated in the Horticultural So- ciety's Fruit Catalogue of 1831, the best of which are the black Naples and the large black. The fruit of the former variety is very large and handsome, more especially when the plant is grown in deep rich soil, and in a situation rather shady and moist. The leaves, fruit, and the entire plant are powerfully diuretic. The treat- ment of the black currant, as a fruit tree, will be found in the EncyclopcBdia of Gardening, and in the Suburban Horticulturist. ji 28. R. (n.) tri'ste Pall. The s-dd-coloui-ed, or dark-blossomed, black Currant. Identification. Pall. Nov. Act. Pet., 10. p. 378. ; Don's MUl., 3. p. 189. Siinoiiyme. R. altaicura Lodd. Cat. Engraving. Out fig. 869. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves 5-lobed. Branches simple, twiggy, bearing leaves and racemes of flowers at the apex. Racemes pendulous, both when in flower and in fruit. Corollas flattish, of a dull brownish red on the outside, and yellowish inside. Petals revolute. Berries small, black, insipid. Root creeping. (Do7i's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, on the Mongol Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Inti-oduced in 1820. Flow- ers brownish red qpd yellow ; April and May Fruit black ; ripe in July colour of the flowers. Sk 29. R. (n.) flo'ridum L'Herit. Identification. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. p. 4. ; Ph. Sept., 1. p. 1C4. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. ISO. Si/nont/mes. R. nigrum 2. Lin. Sp. 291. ; R. pennsylvanicum Lam. Diet. 3. p. 49. ; N. recur. vatum Michi. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 109., according to Torrey ; Ilibisium nigrum, &c.. Bill. Lltli. 2. t. 244. f. 31.=;. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 92. ; and out fig. 870. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves full of resinous glands, ! 3 or 5-lobed, cordate, doubly serrated. Ra- • cemes pendulous, pubescent. Bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. Calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous : with the segments ob- tuse, and at length reflexed. Germens and , black berries oval-globose, glabrous. This is in many respects nearly allied to R. nigrum; but its more copious and denser flowers, and especially their long bracteas, and more tubular calyxes, will always distinguish it : the solitary pedicel, too, at the base of the flowers, is want- ing in this species. Petals oblong, rather erose at the apex ; greenish yellow. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Canada to Virginia, in hedges and woods. Height 4ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1729. Flowers pale yellow; April and May, Fruit black ; ripe in July. I I 869. R. (n.) tiiste. Differs from R. nigrum only in the dull brown The flowery black Currant. 870. R. (n.) fltSridum. 482 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varieties. ^ R. (n.) f. 2 grandifldrinn Hort. R. rigens Michx. FL Bar, Amer i. p. 110., Ph. Sept. 1. p. 136. — Flowers and racemes larger than those of tlie species. * R. (n^ f. 3 parvijioruvi Hort. R. americanum Mill., R. pennsylvaniciim Cels., R. campanulatum Hort. — Flowers smaller, and the racemes shorter. 30. 7?. (n.) procu'mbens Pall. black Currant. The procumbent Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. p. 35. t. 6.5. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. 186. Synonyme R. polycarpon Gmel. Syst. Veg. p. 419. Engravings. PalL Fl. Ros., 2. p. 35. t. 65. ; and ourj?^. 871. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves bluntly lobed ; lobes serrated, lateral ones a little cut. Racemes erect. Petluncles long, setaceous. Segments of tiie limb of the Hower pubescent, acute, of a purplish colour. Anthers hardly rising from the calyx. Flowers flattish. Berries very grateful to the taste, rufescent when ripe. (Don's Mill.) A procumbent shrub. Siberia, in moist places. Height 1 ft. to "2 ft. Introduced in 1804-. Flowers greenish yel- '^^ low; May and June. Fruit brownish ; ripe Aug. 87i. r. (n.) procumbens. J: 31. R. (n.) prostra'tum Lin. The prostrate black Currant. Identification. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. p. 3. t. 2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Synonymrs. R. glandul6sum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 279.; R. canadense I.odd. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 95. ; and our fig. 872. Spec. Char., (^-c. Leaves deeply cordate, 5 — 7-Iobed, glabrous. Lobes acutely cut, doubly serrate, naked on both surfaces. Racemes erect, loose, slender. Brac- teas small, obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels, which are beset with glandular bristles. Calyx ro- tate. Germens and berries beset with glandular bristles. Berries large and black. (Don\s Mill.) A prostrate shrub. Newfounilland, throughout Canada, and in the woods on the Rocky Mountains. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. ^^^ Variety. jk R. {n.) p. 2 laxijlorum. R. affi^ne JDom'J. ^ V MSS., R. laxifldnmi Piirsk Fl. %ner. Sept. ii. p. 731. — Racemes pubescent. Pedicels ' >^- "■ i'^"*""' • divaricate. A very distinct sort. North-west coast of America. 3^ 32. R. (n.) resino'sum Piirsh. The resinous black Currant. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 163. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Synonymes. R. oricntale Catros ; R. reclinStum Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1583. ; Berl., I. c, t. 2. f. 10. ; and o\XT fig. 873. Spec. Char., ^-c. All herbaceous parts of the shrub benr hairs tippetl with resinous glands. Leaves 3— S-lobed, roundish. Racemes erect. Calyx flattish. Petals bluntly rhomboid, Bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. Flowers greenish yellow. ? Berry hairy and black. Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. (i)(»«'.s- ilf///.) A spreading shrub. North America, on the mountains. Height 3ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1800. ^""'"-^ '**'"*'""■ Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May, Fruit black ; ripe in July. j i M 33. R- (n.) punctaVum Ruiz et Pav. The Aottedi-leavcd black Currant, Identification. Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per., 2. p. 12. t. 2.33. f. a. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187, Synohijmc. «. glandulftsum lUii% et Pavon Fl. Per. t.233. f. 6., but not of Alt. ; Don's Mii.,3. p. 189., on the authority of Mr. Gordon, of the Horticultural Society. XXXII. GROSSULA CEiE : RIDES. 483 Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1278, and 1658. ; and our figs. 874, 875. S2^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves .3- ^ 4#' C\I ^$' S74. R. (n.) punctatuni. jllow. (Do7i's AM.) lobed, serrated, beset with resinous glands beneath, as are also the bracteas. Ra- cemes longer than theleaves, either drooping or erect. Bracteas cuneate-oblonir, obtuse, at length reflexed. Calyx campanulate, yellow- ish. Berries oblong, hairy, black, and dotted. Petals A sub-evergreen shrub. ^-7m\ "^E^ 375- R. (n.) punctitum. small, yellow. Chili, on hills. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers j'ellow ; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. The leaves are shining, and of a yellowish green, and, when rubbed, have an agreeable odour. The short close bunches of rich yellow flowers are pro- duced in the axils of the leaves. The plant throws up suckers from the roots : a circumstance which distinguishes it from almost every other species of the genus in British gardens. Dr. Lindley has given two figures of this species in the Botanical Begiafcr : one, t. 1658., of the wild plant, in which the spikes are pendulous, or nodding ; and the other, t. 1278., of the cultivated plant, in which the spikes are erect. He observes that it is hardy enough to live in a dry border without protection, and that it is a rather pretty evergreen shrub. H. S. .34. R. (x.) hetero'trichum Meyer. Currant. The variable-haired Identification. Engiavings. Meyer in Led. Fl. Ros. Alt. Illus., 1. p. 270. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Led. Fl. Ros. Alt. Ulus., t. 23."). ; and our J?g-. 876. l*'76.R.hptercJ^ are rather large and white, with a slight ass. Ji.c6reiun. jtinge of green, and are rather downy. White waxy dots like scales cove the pper surface of the leaf ; whence the specific name. I I 3 486 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. C. Flowers deep red. Fruit black. ^ 41. R. sangui'neum Pursh. The bloody, or red, Jiowered Currant. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 164. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Synonymes. R. ?«alv2ceuni Smith in Rcl's's Ci/cl. ; CaloMtrya sangulnea Spac/i. Engravings. Hort. Trans., 7. t. 13. ; Bot. He'g., t. 1349. ; and ouryj^. 884. Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, serrated, veiny, smoothish above, but clothed with villous tonientum beneath. Racemes droop- ing, pubescent, twice the length of the leaves. Calyx tubularly campanulate, with oblong, obtuse, spreading segments, exceeding the petals, which are red, and quite entire. Bracteas obovate-spa- thulate. Berries turbinate, hairy. (Don's Mill.) A large branchy smooth shrub. North-west coast of America, in rocky situations, by the sides of streams. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers deep rose ; March and April. Fruit pur- plish, with a glaucous bloom ; ripe in August. Varieties. Sk ^. s. 2 glutinosum. R. glutinosum Benth. Hort. Trans. 2d ser. vol. i. p. 476., R, {Om fig. 885.)-^ The foliage is destitute of down, and slightly vis- cous. The racemes are rather larger than in the species, and the flowers are of a very pale rose colon i-. This variety comes into leaf a month before the species. 884. R. sangnineum. Dougl. MS. 886. A. s. glutinosum. S8G. II. b. m.ilvaceuiu. Ss R. s. 3 malvdceum. R. malvaceum Benth. 1. c. (Our fig. 886. ) — Leaves rough and hispid on^the upper side, and clothed un- derneath with a whitish cottony down. The racemes of flowers are' shorter and closer ; and each flower is almost sessile on the common ; stalk. In colour, the flowers are rather darker than those of /J. s. : glutinosum, and have more of a lilac tinge. R. s. 4 dtro-rubens Hort. — Flowers and racemes rather smaller, and' of a much deeper and darker i-ed, than those of the species.; Horticultural Society's Gard.en. i By far the most ornamental species of the genus. It is easily propagated ; and as hardy as the common black currant. It flowers profusely ; and, coni-| ing into bloom early in the season, forms the most splendid bush to be seen in British shrubberies, from the middle or end of March to the beginning or; middle of May. A great many seeds were sent over by Mr. Douglas, a num-| ber of which were distributed by the Horticultural Society ; and the plants; produced from them have varied in the colour of their flowers, from pale pink to| deep red. The plants, also, seed freely in this country ; and hence a punibcr of varieties have been originated by nurserymen, independently of R. «■' 7Halvaceum and R. s. glutinosum, which diflfer froin the species, not onlj^ inj the; shades of colour of their flowers, but also in their leaves. The varietj| which has the darkest-coloured flowers is R. s. atro-rubens. XXXII. GROSSIJLA CE^ : RrBES. 487 ft 42. R. a'tro-purpu'relm Meyer. The dark-purple^owererf Currant. Fl. Alt., 1. p. 268. ; fl.&tropurpCireum. Identification. Meyer in Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111. t. 231. Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Engravings. Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 231. : OMxfig 887. from a living plant in the Birmingliam Botanic Garden. ; and^§^. 888. from Ledebour. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem erect. Leaves pu- bescent, nearly orbicular, cordate, 3 — 5- lobed ; lobes acute, serrated. Racemes drooping. Pedicels exceeding the bracteas. Calyxes campanuiate, ciliated. Berries glabrous, and bractless ; dark purple, and the size of those of the common cur- rant. {Dorics Mill.) An upright shrub. Altaia, on mountains and subalpine ^ places on the river Ursal ; and also at the ^]q river Tscharysch. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. ^ Flowers deep purple ; April and May '^ Fruit dark purple ; ripe in July. A 888 R, ^Iro-purpdreura. Varieties. ^ R. a. 1. — Flowers deep purple. Leaves rather pubescent beneath, but smooth and glabrous above, as well as the branches. at R. a. 2. — Leaves rather pubescent beneath, but hispid from bristles above, as well as the petioies and stems. Found near the river Volschoi Ulegumen. at R. a. 3. — Flowers paler. Leavas pubescent above, but most so below. Branches smooth . 5 iv. Syrnphocalyx Dec. Derivation. From sumphuo, to grow together, and kalux ; in reference to the sepals of the calyx of the species belonging to this section. I Sect. Char, The calyxes tubular, and yellow. The racemes many-flowered. Leaves compassing the bud. Unarmed shrubs. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 483.) ! 36 43. R. au'reum Pitrsh. The ^oXden'^owered Currant. '' I'lentification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 164. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 191. Si/nonymes R. palmalura Desf. C. Hort. Paris. ; Chrjsobotrya revoliita Spach. {Engravings. Berl., 1. c, t. 2. f. 23. ; Bot. Reg., t. 125. ; and ourfig. 889. \Spec. Char., 4"c. Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-lobed ; lobes divaricate, with a few deep teeth, shorter than the petioles, which are ciliated at the base. Calyxes i tubular, longer than the pedicels. Tube slender. Seg- ; ments oblongjObtuse. Petals linear, much shorter than , the calycine segments. Bracteas linear, length of the pedicels. Style entire. Berries glabrous. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit yellow, seldom black, and of an exquisite flavour. {Don's A'lill.) An upright branchy shrub, which Isefore blowing has the appearance of a species of C'ratae'^gus. North-west America, in light f-Tavelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Colum- bia River to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit yellow, seldom black ; \ August. 1 aritties. 1 sfe R. a. 1 prcEcox Lindl. in Hort. Trans, vii. p. 242. R. fragrans Lod. (Bot. Cab,, t. 1533.; and our^^. 890.) — Flowers earlier. Leaves cuneuted at the base, pubescent beneath ; lobes deeply serrated. I I 4 889. ripe m 488 ARBORETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^ 890. R. fragrans. ish beneath R. a. serdtinum. Berries copious, earlier, turbinate. Racemes bracteate. R. a. 2. villosum Dec. Prod. iii. p. 483. R. longiflorum Fm- ser's Cat. 1813.— Leaves rather vil- lous. 3fc R. fl. 3 serot'miim Lindl. 1. c, and our fig. 891. — Flowers late. Leaves of vari- ous forms, smooth- lobes deeply ser- rated. Berries few, late, and round in shape. Racemes naked. ggj. All the forms of this species are highly ornamental, from their fine, large, bright yellow flowers, which are produced in abundance; and their smooth, glossy, yellowish green leaves. The plants are, also, more truly ligneous, and of greater duration, than those of most other species of Ribes. Next to R. sanguineum, and its varieties, they merit a place in every collection. ^ 44. R. (a.) tenuiflo^rum Lindl. The slender-flowered Currant. Identification. Lindl. in Hort. Trans., 7. p. 242. ; Bot. Reg., 1274. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Synonymes. R. aureum Colla Hort. Rip. Append. 3. t. I. f. A. ; R. flivum Berl. in Dec. Prod. 3. p. 4S3. ; R. missouriensis Hort. ; Chrysobotrya Lindley^nn Spach. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1274. ; and our fig. 892. Spec. Char.y Sfc. Unarmed, quite glabrous. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed, mealy ; lobes bluntly toothed at the apex. Racemes pendulous, many-flow- ered. Calyx tubular, glabrous, longer than the pedicels, coloured. Petals quite entire, linear, one half shorter than the segments of the calyx, which are oblong and obtuse. Bracteas linear, length of the pedicels. Berries glabrous. (Don^s Mill.') An upright branchy shrub. North America, on the rocky tracts of the Columbia, near the head waters of the Missouri. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yel- low ; April and May. Fruit purple or yellow ; ripe in August. Varieties. \ at R. (rt.) t. \ fructu nigro. — Berries changing from yellow to red, andi finally acquiring a deep blackish purple colour. " j ffi R. ((7.) t. 2 fructu luteo. — Fruit yellow; always retaining the same' colour. I 892. ft. (a.) teniiifl6runi. In habit, this species is more erect than R. aureum, and has the youa wood more thinly clothed with leaves; its wholeappearance is also paler, durin the early part of the season. The flowers are not more than half the size Oj R. aureum ; and have entire, not notched, petals. The fruit is about the sizfj of the red currant, of an agreeable flavour, but possessing little acidity. j afc 45. R. (a.) flaVum Coll. The yeWow-floivered Currant. j Identification. Coll. Hort. Ripul. Append., 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. /3.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. ' Synonyjnes. R. aureum 3 sanfjuineum Lindl. in Hort. Trans. 7. p. 'J42. ; R. palmfltmn Desf. Hor.i Pur. ; K. aiireiim Ker Bot. Reg. t. 12.'>., but not of Pursh ; Chrysob6trya intermedia Spach. ! Engravings. Coll. Hort. Ripul. Append., 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. 2. ; and oar figs. »93. and 894. j Spec. Char., S^c. Unarmed, quite glabrous. Young leaves 3-lobed; aduj XXXIir. ESCALLOP lA CE^: /TEA. 489 I ones usually 3-lobed, deeply toothed, about equal in length to the ciliated petioles. Ra- cemes short, 4 — 3 flow- ered. Calyx tubular, much longer than the pe- dicels. Tube slender. Segments rather spathu- late, reflexed. Petals one half shorter than the ca- lycine segments. Bracteas elliptic. Berries oblong, glabrous. Flowers yellow. (Doll's Mill.) An upright shrub. North America. Heidit 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit purple or yellow ; ripe in August, A very ornamental species, of vigorous growth, fine shining foliage, and of greater duration than many species of Ribes. 893. R. fiaTum. 894. R. flk-'um. Order XXXIII. ESC AhLON I A' CE^. Ord. Char. Calyx 3-toothed. Petals 5, forming a tube by their cohesion, finally separating ; aestivation imbricated. Stamens definite. Disk epigynous, surrounding the base of the style. Ovarium 2-celled, containing two large placentas in the axis. Stigma 2-lobed. Capszde crowned by the calyx and style, dehiscing at the base. Seeds numerous, minute. Albumen oily. The cohering petals, oily albumen, and situation of placentas separate this from Grossulariacege. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; lanceolate serrated or entire. Flowers, terminal in spikes or racemes. — Shrubs, natives of North and South America, of which two genera are in British gardens, which are thus contradistinguished : — /'tea. Stigma capitate. Capsule compressed. EscALLO^N/^. Stigma peltate, 2-Iobed. Capsule baccate. Genus I. /'TEA L. The Itea. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Mentification. Lin. Gen., 275. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 396. Synonymes. Cedr^la Lour. ; Diconangia Michr. Derivation. Ifa is the Greek name of the willow, which is given to this genus on account of the quick growth of the itea virginica. Gen. Char. Calyx bell-shaped, with 5 teeth, persistent. Petals 5, their aesti- vation valvate. Stamens 3, shorter than the petals. Both petals and stamens inserted upon the tube of the calyx. Teeth of calyx, petals, and stamens, alternate with one another. Ovary not connate with the calyx. Style, at first, seemingly one ; afterwards it parts into two portions : hence, there are rather 2 styles connate. Stigmas capitate, mostly divided by a furrow. Car- pels two, connate into a capsule of 2 cells, that has 2 furrows, and parts from bottom to top. Seeds in two rows along the introflexed margins of the carpels. (Dec. Prod.) 490 AUBOUETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, toothed. Floivers small, white, in simple terminal racemes. — A shrub, native of North America. ^ 1. /. virgi'nica L. The Virginian Itea. Don's Mill., 3. p. 196. t. 9. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2409. and our Identification. Lin. Sp., 289. ; Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. fig- 895- Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves lanceolate, acutely toothed. Racemes simple, terminal. {Don's Mill.) A deci- duous shrub. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 3ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 174"i. Flowers white; June to August. Carpels brown ; ripe in October- It may be propagated by cuttings, but more rea- dily by layers, suckers, or seeds, which are annually imported from America ; and it thrives best in a sandy or peaty soil, kept moist. The plant, to be kept in vigour, should have the old wood fre(]uently cut down to the ground. When grown in a situation that is rather moist, its flowers make a fine appear- ance late in the season, when there are few other shrubs in blossom. Genus II. 895. /. virginica. I ESCALLO'Ni^ Mutis. The Escallonia. Lin. Sj/sl. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Mutis in Lin. fil. Supp., t. 21. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 192. Synonyme. Stereoxylon Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. Prod. p. 38. Derivation. From Escallon, the pupil and companion of Mutis, during his travels in New Spain. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx tube semiglobose, adnate to the ovarium ; limb 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals 5, arising from the calyx. Stamens 5 ; an- thers ovate-oblong. Stigma peltate. Stt/le filiform, permanent. Capsule baccate. Seeds numerous. {Don's HZill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; serrated or entire, full of resinous glands. Flowers terminal, bracteate, variously disposed, white or red. — Sub-evergreen shrubs, natives of South America, more espe- cially of Chili. Propagated with the greatest ease by cuttings ; and growing freely in any common soil. £^ m I. E. RU^BRA Pers. The red-Jlowered Escallonia. Idcntiflcation. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 23."). ; Hook. Bot. Mag, t. 2890. , and Don's Mill., 3. p. 193. Stiinmi/mr. Stcredxylon rilbrum Rtiiz et Pav. ingniviiigs. Ruiz et I'avon Fl. I'er., 3. t. 236. f. b. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2890. ; and out fig. 896. Spec. Char., S^c. Shrubs smoothish ; branches erect, when young clothed with glandular villi. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, serrated, full of resin- ous dots beneath. Peduncles 2 — 7-flowered, brac- teate. Lobes of calyx denticulated. Petals spathu- late. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Chili, on the mountains of Colocolo, and in the fissures of rocks, and about Valparaiso. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers red ; July to September. Varieties. In the Bot. Misc., iii. p. 252., three fcrnis are recorded : — ills m. E. r. 1 slabriuscula Hook, et Arn., with glandular branches, leaves 89(5. E. ™l>ra XXXIII. ESCALLON/y4 CE^ : ESCALLO N/^. ♦491 highly pubescent, and red flowers, which may be considered as the species. !lfc » i?. r. 2 albiflora Hook, et Am., E. glandulosa But. Cab. t. 291., with white flowers. St 4^ E. r. 3 jnibescens Hook, et Arn., with pubescent branches, and red flowers. Very desirable shrubs for training against a wall. 2. E. montevide'nsis Dec. The Monte Video Escallonia. p. .'J43. ; E. bifida Link el Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 104. Synonyine. E. floribunda var. /3 montevidensis Schlecht. in LinrnEa 1 Otto Abbild. t. 23. Engravings. Link et Otto Abbild., t. 23. ; Bot. Reg., 14G7. ; and out fig. 897. 5/jec. Char., Sfc. Shrub glabrous. Branches erect. Leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, acutish, finely serrated, full of resinous dots beneath. Panicle terminal, many-flow- ered, crowded, intermixed with foliaceous bracteas. Lobes of calyx acute, rather denticulated. Petals obo- vate, oblong. (Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Brazil, in many places, but especially on the sandy banks and pastures of the Uruguny. Height 6 ft. to 10 it. In- troduced in 1827. Flowers white, very like those of the hawthorn, with a style which becomes double the length of the fruit after flowering ; July to September. Variety. ■^ m, E. m. 2 floribunda, E. floribunda H. B. et Kunth, is a native of New Granada, on the Andes, with white flowers, and shining leaves, which are clammy when young. A very distinct variety considered by some as a species. This species forms a remarkably vigorous-growing bush, with long, flexible, roj)e-like shoots, and is very proHfic in flowers. It is so hardy as fo have stood through several winters, as a bush, in the open ground of the Kensington Nursery, though it was killed by the winter of 1837-8. E. montevidensis. at 3. E. illiniVa Presl. The varnished Escallonia. Identification. Presl Rellq. Hasnk. vol. ii. p. 49. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 193. Engiavin's. Presl 1. c, t. 59. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1900. ; and onr fig. 898. Spec. Chnr., Sfc. Quite glabrous. Branches sjjreading, anointed with resin. Leaves petiolate, obovate or ob- long obtuse, crenulated, attenuated at the base, beset with glandular dots above, and clammy. Panicle termi- nal, many-flowered, leafy. Petals on long claws. Cap- sule turbinate, 3-nerved. (Don's Mil/.) An evergreen shrub. Chili, at the streamlet of Los Lunes. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introd. 1833. Flowers white; Aug. and Sept. The whole plant emits a powerful odour, which to some persons resembles the smell of swine, and to others that of melilot or fenugreek. One of the hardiest species of the t;enus, and, like all the others, well deserving a place in collections. 1 Other Species of Escallonia. — E. resinosa Pers., Stere- Jxylon resinosum Ruiz et Pavon (Don's Mill., iii. p. 94.), 5 a native of Peru, on the cold parts of hills, which . tood out at Kew for five years, till it was killed by the winter of 1837-8 8'J8. E. iliimla. 492 ARBORETUM ET FRUTFCETUM BRITANNICUM. E. pidverulenta Pers., Stereoxylon pulverulentum Ruiz et Pav., is a shrub, hairy in every part, with white flowers ; growing to the height of 8 or 10 feet. It is a native of Chili ; and plants of it were in the Horticultural Society's Garden from 1831 till 1837-8. Twenty other species are described in Don's Miller, iii. p. 193. to p. 195., all natives of South America, and proba- bly as hardy as those above mentioned ; but it does not appear that any of them have been introduced. Order XXXIV. SAXIFRA^GE^E, Tribe HYDRA'NGEyE. Ord. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Petals 5, inserted between the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5 or 10. Disk perigynous. Ovarium of 2 to 3 carpels. Stigmas sessile. Fruit 1 — 2-ce!led. Seeds numerous, minute. Albumen fleshy. Absence of stipules distinguishes this from iJosacete and Cuno7ii- acecB. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous. Floivers in large co- rymbs, pink or white, often sterile. — Suffruticose shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. Easily propagated by cuttings, and growing freely in any soil that is rather moist. Genus I. HYDRA'NGEA L. The Hydrangea. Di-Trigynia. Lin. St/sf. Decandria Identification. Lin. Gen., 557.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 13. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. Synonymes. Hydrftngea, and HortensiVz Juss. ; Idrangea, Ital. Derivation. From kudor, water, and nggos, a vessel ; with reference to some of the species which grow in water ; or, as some suppose, from the capsule resembling a cup. G€Ji. Char. Flowers generally deformed ; but some of them hermaphrodite and fertile. Calyx tube hemispherical, 10-ribbed, rather truncate, adnate to the ovarium ; limb permanent, 5-toothed. Petals 5, regular. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule 2-celled, with introflexed valves, crowned by the teeth of the calyx and styles, flattish at the top, opening by a hole between the styles. Seeds numerous, reticulated. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated or lobed. Floiv- ers corymbose, pink, or yellowish white ; the marginal ones sterile, and large, in consequence of the teeth of the calyx being dilated into broad, petal-like-coloured segments ; the rest of the sterile flower partially abor- tive. — Shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. A. Species Natives of North America. 1. 34 i. H. arbore'scens L. The arborescent Hydrangea. Lin. Sp., p. 5G8. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. p. 2G8. ; H. frutescens Identification, 1836. Synovt/mes. H. vulgJlris Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. I Mx'nch Metli. 1. p. lOG. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 437. ; and our fig. 899. ^Wl Sj}ec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, rather cordate ; superior s^, ones lanceolate, coarsely toothed, pale and puberulous beneath. Corymbs flattish. Flowers nearly all fertile. Flower bnds obtuse. Flowers white, small, having an agreeable odour. (Doii^^ Mill.) A low shrub. Penn- XXXIV. S'AXIFRA GE^ : HYDRA NGEA. 493 sylvania to Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, having an agreeable odour ; July and August. Variety. ^ H. a. 2 discolor Ser. in Dec. Prod. 4. p. 14. — Leaves almost white beneath from tomentum. It prefers a moist soil, and is readily propagated by division of the roots. ft 2. H. (a.) corda'ta Piirsh. The corA&te-Ieaved Hydrangea, i^\ Jdenlification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 309., exclusive of the synonyrae of Michx. ; Don'sMill., 3. p. 2,32. Engravings. Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 42. ; and our fg. 900. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, coarsely toothed, glabrous beneath. Flowers all fertile, small, white, and sweet-scented. (Don's Alill.) A low shrub. Carolina, on mountains, and on the banks of the Missouri, above St. Louis. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. in 1806. Flowers white ; July, Aug. Variety. s H. (a.) c. 2 georgica, H. georgica Lodd. Cat., differs from the species in flowering a little later, and being rather jnore robust. We agree with Torrey, in thinking this merely a variety of H. arborescens. 900. H. (3.) cordkta. 901. H. nivea. St 3. H. Ni'vEA Michx. The snovfy-leaved Hydrangea. Identification. Michx. FI. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. Synonyme. H. radiita Wal. Fl. Car. 251., ex Michr., but not of Smith. Engravings. Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 43. ; and our Jig. 901. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves cordate, oval, acuminated, sharply toothed, clothed with white tomentum, or pu- bescence, beneath. Corymbs flattish. Sepals of sterile flowers entire. Flower buds depressed. Flowers white, rather large. (Dun's Mill.) A low sufFrutescent shrub. North America, on the Savannah River. Height in America 4 ft. to 6 ft. ; in England 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. 1786. Flowers white ; July and August. Variety. a H. n. 2 glabella Ser. in Dec. Prod. 4. p. 14. — Leaves nearly glabrous beneath. Flowers all fertile. This variety has, probably, originated in culture. .ji 4. H. quercifo'lia Bartram. The Oak-leaved Hydrangea. Idcniificatiort. Bartram Trav., ed. Germ., p. 336. t. 7.; ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 233. Synonyme. H. radiata Smith Icon. Pict. 12., but not of ! Walt. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 975. ; and our Jig. 902. Spec. Char., t^-c. Leaves large, ovate, ser- rately lobed, and toothed, pilose beneath. Corymbs rather panicled, flattish. Sepals of sterile flowers entire. Flower buds ^. depressed. Flowers white. Sterile, or outer, ones of the corymbs larse. (Don's Mill.) A shrub. Florida. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. in America ; 2 ft. to 3 ft. in Eng- land. Introduced in 1803. Flowers white ; June to September. This is by far the most interesting of the 'North American hydrangeas, from its large, deeply lobed, and sinuated leaves ; and its 902. h. juernifiu*. 494 ARBOUETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. fine, large, nearly white corymbs of flowers, which are sterile, and appear from June till they are destroyed by frost. Oultiire as in the other species ; but it is essential that the situation be sheltered, and the soil kept some- what moist, otherwise the leaves are not perfectly developed, and the branches are apt to be broken oiF by high winds. ^ 5. B. Species Natives of Asia. H. heteroma'll4 D. Don. The tems, which, however, are not twining. I'cc. Char., <^-c. Stems climbing, throwing out roots from their sides to any Libject next which ihey may be placed. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, shining, with 5 angular lobes ; those on the old upright and rectangular branches, which form the tops of the plants, ovate, acute, quite entire. Umbels simple, pube.scent. (Don's Mill.) A well-known evergreen climber and creeper. Europe and Britain, in woods. Stem 20 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers greenish yellow, or greenish ; October and November. Fruit black ; ripe in April. (irieties. DeCandoUe has enumerated three forms of this species which are independent of the varieties cultivated in British gardens : — K K 4 98 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 908. H. H. vulg&ris. ft. H. H. 1 V2i/gnris Dec. (Eng. Bot.,t. 1267. , and our _fig. 908.) has the pedicels clothed with stellate down, and the fruit black. This is the commonest form of the ivy, throughout Europe, in a wild state; and there are varieties of it with white and yellow variegated leaves, in gardens. L H. H. 2 cnnarwnsis Dec. ; H. canariensis Willd. Berol. Mag. ii. p. 170. t. 5. f. ].; the Irish Ivy, or Giant Ivy, of British gardens ; has the pedicels scaly with pu- bescence. Floral leaves subcordate ; those of the creeping branches 5-lobed and larger than those of the common ivy. Fruit ? red, or black. Canary Islands. Introduced in ? 1 800, or before. fl- H. H. ? 3 chri/socmycL Dec, H. poetica C.Bauh., H. chrysocarpos Dalech., H. Dionysias J. Bauh., H. HeYix Wall., is a native of the North of India, with yellow fruit. It differs from the common ivy in its yellow fruit, and in being of more gigantic growth; in the leaves being more cuneated at the base; and in the pedicels being scaly. Hort. Society's Garden. The Varieties in British Gardens, additional to the above, are: — fl- H. H. 4 foliis argenteis Lodd. Cat. T%e ^i/yc/'-striped Ivy. ft- H. H. 5 foliis aureis Lodd. Cat. The Go/fZc?i-striped Ivy. ft- H. H. 6 digitdta Lodd. Cat. The palmate, or Hand-shaped, Ivy. ft- H. H. 7 arborescens Lodd. Cat. The arborescent, or Tree, Ivy. — This variation is merely an extension of the flowering shoots, which are entire-leaved, and take an arborescent character ; and, when a portion of them is cut off, and has rooted as a separate plant, it will sometimes produce an upright bush, which will retain its arborescent form for many years. Sooner or later, however, it resumes its native habit, and throws out rambling, or creeping, shoots, with 3-lobed leaves like the common ivy. A variety with white berries is mentioned by Theophrastus, Pliny, Virgil, and Dioscorides. The ivy will grow in any soil or situation, but thrives best when somewhat i shaded. The common British variety, jmd its sub-varieties, are the best ; kinds for supporting themselves on walls, especially when young; at which ; period the giant ivy seldom throws out rootlets, though it does so subsequently. ; Order XXXVII. ilAMAMELIDA^CE^. Orb Char. Calyx 4-lobed or repandly toothed. Petals 4, linear, rarely wanting; aestivation involutely valvate. Stamens 8, short, those opposite! the petals barren. Ovarium half-inferior. Styles 2 — 3. Capsule 2-celled,i 2-^vaived. Ovules bifid. Albumen horny. The flowers are sometimes dioe-[ cious, and sometimes polygamous. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; toothed or serrated. Flowers yellow or white. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America, i J^amame'lis L. Calyx 4-lol)ed, furnished with 3 — 4 scales outside. Capsulei coriaceous, 2-celled, ! Fothergi'li.^ L. Calyx campanulate, 5 — 7-toothed. Anthers in the formj of a horseshoe. Capsule 2-lobed, 2 -celled. I XXXVII. ^amamelida'ce^ : //"amameYis. Genus I. 499 1 I i7AMAME'LIS L. The Hamamelis, or Wych Hazel. I Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Digynia. \ucntification. Lin. Gen., 169. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., ."?. p. 396. [■ii/nmiymes. Trilbpus Mi'l/i. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 8 App. ; Hamamelide, Ital. \Uerivatwn. //amamdlis is a name by which Athenreus speatis ol' a tree which blossomed at the , same time as the apple tree ; the word being derived from hama, together with, and metis, an : apple tree. The modern application seems to be from the //amameUs having its blossoms accom- ; panying its fruits (mela) ; both being on the tree at tlie same time. {Jen. Char. Calyx 4-Iobetl, adhering to the ovarium at the base, furnished ' with 2 — 3 scales on the outside. Petals 4, long, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Stamens 4, alternating with tlie petals. Ovarium free at the : apex. Capsules coriaceous, 2-cclled, 2-valved. Arils 2 in each capsule. I Seed oblong, shining. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; ovate or cuneated, feather-nerved, nearly entire. Flowers nearl}' sessile, disposed in clusters, I in the axils of the leaves, girded by a 3-leaved involucrum. Petals ■ yellow. — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous; natives of North America; interesting from producing their lowers in the autumn, which remain on i during the winter. I ftl \. H. virgi'nica L. The Virginian Hamamelis, or Wych Hazel. \entiflcation. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 396. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. imnymes. Hamamelie de Virginie, Fr.; V'irginische Zaubernuss, Ger. ; Pistacchio nera del.a ; Virginia, Ital. \ngravings. N. Du Ham., 7. t. 60. ; Bot. Cab., t. .598. ; and omv fig. 909. iuec. Char., ^-c. Leaves obovate, acutely toothed, with j a small cordate recess at the base. (Don's Mill.) A ! tleeiduoiis shrub. Canada to Florida; in dry and t stony situations, but frequently near water. Height ' 20 ft. to 30 ft. with a trunk 6 in. or more in dia- ; meter. Introduced in 1736. Flowers yellow; be- ginning of October to the end of February. 'vieties. ^ "i; H. i;. 2 jmrvifolia Nutt. — Leaves smaller, ob- ' long ovate, and a more stunted habit than the species. Pennsylvania, on mountains. In British gardens, when planted in peat soil, this forms a very handsome little shrub ; and is peculiarly valuable from being densely covered with fine yellow flowers throughout the winter, s* t H. i". 3 macrophylla. H. macrophylla Piirsk. — Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, coarsely and bluntly toothed, and scabrous from dots beneath. Western part of Georgia, and North Carolina, on the Katawba Mountains. Introduced in 1812, and flowers from May to November. Jn British gardens, it has been bat little cultivated, notwithstanding the sin- !:,arity of its appearance in autumn and winter ; when it is profusely covered ^ih its fine rich yellow flowers, which begin to expand before the leaves of ' previous summer drop off, and continue on the bush throughout the \iter. After the petals drop off in spring, the persistent calyxes remain on t the leaves reappear in April or May. It will grow in any "light free soil, t^ t rather moist ; and it is propagated by layers and by seeds; which last, t ugh rarely produced in Britain, are frequently sent to this country from '' erica. They ought to be sown immediately on being received, as they are I' ;n two years before they come up. K K 2 909. H. virglnica. 500 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. FOTHERGrLL/1 L. The Fothergii,la. Lin. Si/sL Icosandria Digynia. Identification. I.in. fil. Suppl., p. 42. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 269. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 397. Derivation. In memory oi John Folhergill, M.D., an eminent physician and patron of botany, who introduced many new plants, and cultivated an excellent collection in his grounds, at Ham House, at Stratford-la-bow, in Essex. He was, besides, one of the most charitable men of his time. Gen. Char. Calyx campaiiiilate, adhering to the ovarium at the base, some- what truncate, with 3 — 7 callous subrepand teeth. Petals v/aatmg. Stamens about 25. Styles 2. Capsule achiate to the base of the calyx, 2-Iobed, 2-celled, 1-seeded. Seed bony. (Dou^s Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, clothed ■ with soft starry down. Flowers white, sweet-scented, sessile, anthers yellow ; in terminal ovate spikes, having a solitary bractea under each flower ; those bracteas at the base of the spike are trifid, and those at its , apex are nearly entire. Shrubs, deciduous, of which there is only one species, but several varieties. Natives of North America. I s 1. F. /iLNiFO^LiA L. The Alder-leaved Fothergilla. j Irientrficaiion. Lin. fil. Suppl., 2.57. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 2fi9. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 397. Sytioiiyines. F. Gardenz Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p.313. ; i/amani61is monofca Zin. ej; SotiM in liees's Cycl. vol. xvii. ' Sjiec. Char., S^c. See the generic character. The flowers, which are white ' and sweet-scented, appear before the leaves ; the latter resembling those of the wych hazel. A low deciduous bush. North America, Virginia to , Carolina, in shady woods on the sides of hills. Height 3 ft. to G ft. In- troduced in 17G5. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; April and May. Varieties. The following are very distinct : — Sk F. ■n. \ obtiisa Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1341., Pursh Sept. 1. p. 335.; F.I major Bot. Cab. t. 1520. ; F. «lnif61ia Lin. fil. Snyp. 257. ; and owy fig. 910. ; has obovate leaves, downy beneath. ^ F.a.2 acida Sims, Pursh Sept. 1. p. .335.; F. Gardeni Jacq. Icon, rar. t. lO'O. (Bot. Cab , t. 1507.), has narrow leaves, neaily entire, white from down beneath. ^ F. a. o major Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1342., Pursh Sept. 1. p. 3.35. (Bot. Cab., t. 1 520. ; and our j^'w. 911.) has leaves ovate-oblong, soniewhar cor- date at the base, very black and serrated at the apex ; when 910. F. «. mnjor. youug, tomcntose bcueath. In British gardens the fothergillas thrive best in moist sandy peat. Tnej are propagated b)' seeds, which are sometimes ripened in this country, bij are generally received from America. The varieties are increased by layeri The fothergillas are naturally somewhat tender, and though not impatient 'j cold, yet they arc easily injured by the nroxinuty of other trees or busneJ and by excessive drought or perpetual moisture. ' XXXVni. CORNA CEiE : CO RNUS. 501 Order XXXVIII. CORNA^CE^. ORD. Char. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4 ; estivation valvate. Stamens 4. Stijle filiform. Stigma simple. Drupe baccate, enclosing a 2-celleci nut. Seeds solitary in the cells. Albumen fleshy. — Differs from Caprifoliacese tribe iS'ambuceEe, in the polypetalous corolla and drupaceous fmit. {G. Doti.) Leaves simple, opposite, rarely alternate, exstipulate, deciduous, or sub-evergreen ; ovate or oval, entire. Flowers white or yellowish. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe and Asia. Co'rnus L. Flowers in cymes. Stamens 4. Style 1. Pome baccate. Bentha^m/.^ Lindl. Flowers disposed in involucrated heads. Fruit coi> \ btituted of many pomes grown together. Genus I. 3$' il: * i * 1 CO'RNUS L. The Dogwood. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. • Identlficalion. Toum. Inst., 641. t. 410. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 271. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 398. Synonymes. Cornouiller, Fr. ; "Hartriegel, Oer. ; Corniolo, Ital. 'Derivation, From cornu, a horn ; the wood being thought to be as hard and as durable as horn. . Hartriegel signifies hard rail, or hard wood. The name of Dogwood is applied to this genus, t because, as Parkinson says, in his Paradisus, the fruit of most of the species is not fit even for ' dogs; but it is more likely to have been given to it from the astringent properties of the bark and I leaves, a decoction of which was formerly used as a wash for curing the mange, &c., in dogs. jGra. Char. Calyx tube adhering to the ovarium ; limb small, 4-toothed. , Petals 4, oblong, sessile, valvate in sestivation. Stamens 4. Style 1. Drupe \ baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-celled, rarely i 3-celled nucleus. Seeds solitary, pendulous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, except in C. alternifolia, exstipulate, deciduous ; ! entire, feather-nerved. Flowers sometimes capitate and umbellate, involu- crated; sometimes corymbose and panicled, without involucra. Petals • white, rarely yellow. — Trees under the middle size, and shrubs, deciduous ; : natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Most of the species ripen their fruit in England ; but they are usually pro- lagated by suckers, or by layers or cuttings. The wood of all the species !iakes the very best charcoal. Common soil, and most of the species will hrive in the shade of other trees. § i. Nudijlbrce Dec. erivation. From nudus, naked, and flos, a flower ; the inflores- jcence being without an Involucre. "d. Char. Flowers corymbose or panicled, without an involucre. A. Leaves alternate. '^ 1. C. ALTERNiFo^LiA L. The altcmate-leaved Dogwood. niification. Lin. fil. Suppl., p. 12.'5. ; L'Herit. Corn., No. 11. : Jon's Mill., 3. p. 398. •'i'>7(yme. C. alterna Marsh. gravings. Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 43. : Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 70. : ndour^g. 912. If'c. Char,, ^c. Leaves alternate, ovate, acute, 'hoary beneath. Corymbs depressed, spreading. Branches warted. Pomes purple, globose, about ithe size of a grain of pepper. Leaves on long petioles. Branches areen or reddish brown. (D071' K K 3 912. C. aitemifolia. 502 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Mill.') A smooth deciduous shrub or low tree. North America, from Canada to Carolina, in shady woods on river banks. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1 7G0. Flowers white ; May to July. Fruit purple ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. Naked young wood green- ish or reddish brown. This species is easily known from every other, even at a distance, by the horizontal umbelliferous character assumed by the branches, which are also dichotomous, with clusters of leaves at the joints ; and the general colour is that of a lively green. The leaves are generally alternate, but not unfre- quently opposite. B. Leaves opposite. •^ 2. C. sangui'nea L. The b\ood-red-leaved, or comvion. Dogwood. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 171. ; Den's Mill., 3. p. 399. ; Lodd. Cat., edit. 1836. Synonymes. C. foe'mina Raii Syn. i60.% Virga sanguinea Matth. Valgr. 1. p. 236. ; Female Cor- nel, Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree, Hound's-berry Tree, Prickwood, Gaten or Gatten Tree, Gater or Gatter Tree, Catteridge Tree, wild Cornel ; Cornouiller sauvage, sanguin, or femelle, Puine or Bois punais, Fr. ; rother Hartriegel, Ger. ; Sanguinello, Ital. Derivation. This species is called fe'mina, and Female Cornel, because it bears fruit when very young ; whereas Cornus mas produces male blossoms only till the tree is 15 or 20 years old. Virga sanguinea is literally the bloody twig, alluding to the colour of the shoots, though they are not nearly so red as those of C6rnus alba. The names of Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree, .tc., arise from the same source as Dogwood. (See above.) Prickwood alludes to the use of the wood for skewers ; Gaten Tree is a corruption of Gatr treow, the Saxon name for this species ; or, as some suppose, it is derived from gayta. the Spanish word for a pipe, the wood of this tree being more hollow, or full of pith, than that of C. mas. Catteridge, and all the other somewhat similar names, are derived from Gaten. Chaucer calls the fruit Gaitres berries, evidently from the same origin. The French names of Puine, and Bois punais, bug-wood, are from the strong and un- pleasant smell of the bark and leaves ; and also because a decoction of them forms a wash to destroy bugs. Rother Hartriegel signifies red hard rail, or red hard wood. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 249. ; Fl. Dan.,t. 481. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 44. ; and omfig. 913. Spec. Char., t^-c. Bracteas straight. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth and green on both surfaces. Corymbs flat. • Branches of a dark red when full grown. Leaves 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers greenish white, unpleasantly scented. Petals revolute at the sides. Fruit dark purple, and very bitter. (Deli's Mill.) A large shrub. Europe and the North of Africa, in hedges and thickets, especially on a chalk and limestone soil ; plentiful in Britain, in like situations ; and also said to grow in North America, near the lakes of Canada and near New York ; but it has probably been introduced there. Height 4 ft. to lo ft. Flowers white ; June. Fruit dark purple; ripe in August and September. sis- c.sauguinea. Decaying leaves deep red. Naked young wood green. Varieties. ^ C. s. 2 Purshii Don's Mill. 3. p. 399. ; C. sanguinea Piirsh, Schmidt Baiim. 2. t. 66. ; has the flowers with yellow anthers, and the berries a dark brown. Lakes of Canada, and near New York; and only differs from the C, sanguinea of Europe in having the leaves pubescent, and in being of larger stature. at C. s. Sfdliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. has the leaves variegated with white and yellow, and occasional streaks of red. A plant lately received into Messrs. Loddiges's collection, named C. candidissima fol. var., appears, from the leaves, to be identical with this variety. C, can- didissima, in the same collection, appears fi-om its leaves to be nothing more than C. sanguinea. I One of the commonest shi'ubs in old shrubberies ; and easily known from r all the other kinds of Cornus by the abundance of its dark purple fruit, and j the inten.>«ely dark red of its leaves before they drop off in autumn. It is from| this last circumstance, we suppose, that the specific name of sanguinea has j been given to it, though it is much more obviously ajiplicable to C alba, oni account of the redness of its shoots. C. purpifl-ea would be a much better; XXX\-III. t'ORNA CEjE : CO RNUS. 503 C. tat&rica Mill. Icon. t. 104. 914. C. 41ba. Throughout Canada, and life name as contrasted with C. alba, both names applying to the fruit. The wood, which is hard, though not nearly so much so as that of Cornus mas, was formerly used for mill-cogs, and for various purposes in rustic carpentry; and it still makes excellent skewers for butchers, toothpicks, and similar articles. The bark tastes like apples. a 3. C. a'lba L, The white-fruited Dogwood. Identification. Lin. Mant., p. 40. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 399. Sipwiiymes. C. stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 109. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., i. t. 34. ; and our Jig. 914. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches recurved. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath. Corymbs depressed. Branches of a fine red colour. Fruit white, or bluish white. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Siberia, at the rivers Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, &c. ; North America, from Virginia to Canada, on the banks of rivers and lakes ; and also in North California. Height 4 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1741. Flowers white; May to July. Fruit white or bluish white ; ripe in September, De- caying leaves red or reddish yellow. Naked young wood intensely red or coral colour. Varieties. jt C.a.2 circmdta Don's Mill. iii. p. 399., C. circinata Cham . ef Schlecht. in LiinKxa iii. p. 139., has the berries of a lead colour. from Lake Huron to lat. 69° n. an C. «. 3 sibirica Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, has the shoots of a fine orange red, covered with a delicate bloom. It makes a splendid appearance in the winter season. Interesting in summer, from its fine large leaves and white flowers ; in au- tumn, from its white fruit, which are about the size and colour of those of the mistletoe ; and in the winter and spring, from the fine red of its young shoots. * 4. C. (a.) stri'cta Lam. The stra\^\t-branched Dogwood. htcntification. Lam. Diet., 3. p. 116. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. .399. ' St/tumi/nies. C. fastiglita Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 92. ; C. sanguinea Walt., but not of Lin. ; C. cyanocarpos Gmcl. Syst. Veg. 1 . p. 257. ; C. canadensis Hort. Par. ; C. ca^rulea Meerb. Icon. 3., ' but not of Lam. Engravings. Schmidt Baura., 2. t. 67. and onr figs. 915, 916. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches straight, fastigiate. Leaves ovate, acumdnated, glabrous, green on both surfaces ; when young, hardly pubescent be- neath. Corymbs convex, somewhat panicled. Branches reddish brown. Anthers blue. Pomes globose, soft, blue on the outside, but white in- side. (Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. North America, from Carolina to Ca- nada, frequent on the banks of rivers ; also in Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. rarely 20 ft. Introd. 1758. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit blue without and white within ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood green, or rusty green K K 4 f England, by the same prDcedure. The fmit, when thoroughly ripe, is sonic-; xxxvin. cornaYe^: bentha\\i/^. 507 what sweet, and not disagreeable to eat ; and, on the Continent, it is frequently used in confectionery, and for making marmalades. As an ornamental tree, the cornel is valuable, not only on account of its early flowering, and the fine display made by its ripe fruit, but because it is a low tree, never growing out of bounds, and one which, after it has attained the height of 10 or 12 feet, is of slow growth, and of very great duration. For these last reasons, it is par- ticularly suitable for small suburban gardens, in which it will form a fit associate for small trees of Cratae^gus, Berberk, i?hamnus, £u6nymus, //amamelis, &c. Seeds ; but layers or suckers come much sooner into a flowering state. There are remarkably fine specimens of this tree in the old French gardens in the neighbourhood of Paris, and also in the old gardens of Germany. X 10. C. flo''rida L. The Florida Dogwood. Identification. Lin. Sp., IGCl. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 400. Synonyme. Virginian Dogwood. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 526. ; Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 52. ; and omfig. 923. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches shining. Leaves ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed hairs on both surfaces. Flowers umbellate, pro- truded after the leaves. Leaves of involucre large, roundish, retuse, or nearly obcordate. Pomes ovate. Leaves of involucre white. Flow- ers greeni.sh yellow, and very large. Pomes scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas ; ripe in August. (Dons Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Carolina to Canada, in woods ; and on the banks of the Columbia, near its confluence -with the sea. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers large, yellowish white ; April and May. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in August. De- ca3'ing leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood brownish green. Cornus florida is universally allowed to be the handsomest species of the genus. It thrives best in a peat soil, which must be kept moist ; and the situation should be sheltered, though the foliage of the plants must be fully exposed to the influence of the sun, otherwise they will not flower. Cuttings or layers, both of which readily strike root. ^m^r 923. C. fldrida. Cornus grdndis Schlect. A small tree or shrub. Chico, in ravines. Intro- duced in 1838 by Hartweg, and probably hardy. " It has a beautiful foliage ; the leaves being from Sin. to b in. long, smooth and deep green above, hoary with down on the under side." The flowers are in small heads, and the fruit as large as a sloe, arid purplish black, covered wuth bloom. {Bot. Reg. Chron., 1839.) : C. officinalis, a native of Japan, is figured by Sieboldt (t. 50.), and will pro- ■ bably prove hai-dy. ' Genus II. BENTHA^MZ/l Lindl. The Benthamia. Monogynia. Lin, St/si. Tetrandria Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1579. 'iynonyme. C6mus sp. Wall., Dec, and G. Bon. SoriSr.nH''"'''? in honour of George .Be«/Aam, Esq., F.L.S., Secretary to the Horticultural • oociety ; and nephew of the celebrated moralist and jurist, Jeremy Benthain. \Gcn.Char. Flowers disposed in heads, each head attended by an involucre 1 which consists of 4 petal- like parts, and resembles a corolla. Calyx with a j minute i-toothed limb. Pefc/s 4, fleshy, wedge-shaped. Stamens i. Style ■ 1. Frtut constituted of many ponies grown together ; endocarp in each : pome with 2 cells. Seeds sohtary and pendulous in each cell. (Lindl.) 508 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, sub-evergreen : entire. Flowers liirge, white. — A large shrub or low tree. Himalayas. Culture as in Cornus. "¥ 1. B. fragi'fera Lindl. The Strawberry-bearing Benthamia. Identification. Hort. Trans., 2cl series, ]. p. 458.; Lindl. in Bot. Ree., t. 1579. Synonymes. C. capitata Wall, in Kox.b. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 434., Don's Mill. 3. p. 399. ; Chung-wa, m Nepal ; nhumowro, in Serampore, Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1579.'; Hort. Trans., 2d series, I. t. 17. ; and our fig. 924. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches spreading, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, on short petioles, rather rough with small ad- pressed down. Flowers sessile, densely aggre- gate, forming a round head girded by a 4-leaved scabrous involucrum. (Dons Mill.) A large sub-evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal, in Gossainthan. Height 10 ft. to 15. ft. Intro- duced in 1823. Flowers large, yellowish white ; June. Fruit large, about the size of that of the common arbutus, reddish ; ripe in October ; yellowish white within, not unpleasant to eat Young shoots whitish green. Rather tender in the climate of London, though it forms a fine evergreen in some parts of Cornwall : perhaps it might be ren- dered hardier by grafting it on Cornus sanguinea. Readily propagated either from seeds or cuttings, and of easy culture in loamy soil, kept moist. Benthdima japonica is figured by Sieboldt (t. 16.), and is probably hardy. 924. B. fragifera. Order XXXIX. LORANTHAXE^. Ord. Char. Calyx calyculate, entire or lobed. Petals 4 — 8, distinct or co- hering ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 4 — 8, opposite the petals, or more or less adnate to them. Style absent or present. Stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled, 1-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Albumen fleshy. Flowers gene- rally unisexual. The habit, and the stamens being opposite the petals, distinguish this from Caprifoliacege and Cornaceae. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire. Flowers small, whitish, or purplish. — Shrubs, parasitical or terrestrial. Europe and Japan. The hardy ligneous plants are included in the genera Tiscum, Loranthus, and Aucuba, Fi'scuM L. Flowers dioecious or monoecious. Margin of the calyx ob- solete. Petals usually 4, connected at the base in the male flowers, but free in the female. Berry globular, viscid, of 1 cell. Lora'nthus L. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Margin of calyx entire. Petals 5 — 6, linear, reflexed. Au'cUBA Thunb. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 4, ovate lanceolate. Fruit fleshy, 1-seeded. Genus I. rrSCUM L. The Mistletoe. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia, or Dioe'cia, Tetrandria. Identification. Tourn. Inst., p. 609. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 277. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 40'2 xxxix. lorantha^ce.t: : n'scuM. 509 ■J Synont/mes. Misseldine, Gui, or Guy, Fr. ; Mistl, or Missel, Ger. ; Visco, or Vischio, Ital. ; Lega- n!0(io};a, Span. Derivation. I'iscus, or viscum. is the Latin for birdlime, which is made from the berries ; and Mistletoe is by some supposed to be derived from mist, the German word for dung, or slimy dirt, and by others from misielta, the Saxon name for the plant. Gen. Char, Calyx a slight border in the male flowers, more evident in the female. Corolla in the male flowers gamopetalous, in 4 deep, ovate, acute, equal divisions; in the female flower of 4 ovate, equal, deciduous petals. Anthers in the female flowers none; in the male flower 4, compressed. Ova- rium ovate. Stigma sessile. Berry globular. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, rarely alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; undi- vided, entire, rigid. Flowers in fascicles or spikes, greenish. Berries white. — An evergreen shrub, parasitical on trees. Europe; in Britain, England. -^ 1. F. a'lbubi L. The white-/n«Verf, or co»m^0K, Mistletoe. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1451. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 277. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 403. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 115. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1470. ; Baxt. Brit. PI., t. 40. ; and our fig. 925., which exhibits a portion of a, male plant, marked m, and of a female plant in fruit, marked/. Spec. Char., i^-c. Stem much branched, forked ; with sessile intermediate heads, of about 3 flowers. Branches terete. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless. (Don's Mill.) A parasitical shrub, forming a confused tuft of branches with a yellowish green aspect. Europe and England, on trunks and branches of trees, most frequent on i^osaceae. Height 2 ft. to 3ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Berry white; ripe in December. The leaves vary considerably in different plants, as may be seen in Jig. 926., which contains engravings of three different specimens. The durability of the plant is very great ; for, when once established on a tree, it is seldom known to cease growing while the tree is in life ; but, when it dies, or the branch on which it is rooted decays, or becomes diseased, the death of the mistletoe imme- diately follows. The trees on which the mistletoe grows belong to various natural orders ; and, indeed, it would be difficult to say on what dicotyledonous trees it will not grow. In England, it is found on Tiliaceae, j^ccracese, .Sosaceae, Cupuliferse, (Salicaceae, Oleaceae, and, we believe, also \ on Coniferae. It is found on the oak at Eastnor Castle (see Gard. I Mag., vol. xiii. p. 206.) ; and in the neighbourhood of Magdeburg we saw it growing in immense quantities on Pinus sylvestris in 1814. In France, it I grows on trees of all the natural orders mentioned, but least frequently on the ' oak. It does not grow on the olive in France, though it abounds on the almond. In Spain, it grows on tne olive ; as it does in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem ; and, in the latter locality, is found the variety with red fruit, which is perhaps a Loranthus. The mistletoe is propagated by the berries being, by some means or other, . made to adhere to the bark of a living tree. The common agency by which this is effected is supposed to be that of birds; and more especially of the missel thrush, which, after having satisfied itself by eating the berries, vvipes oft" such of them as may adhere to the outer part of its beak, by nibbing it against the branch of the tree on which it has alighted ; and some of the seed.s are thus left sticking to the bark. If the bark should be smooth, and not much indurated, the seeds will geni)inate, and root into it the following spring; that is, supposing them to have l)een properly fecundated by the proximity ' of a male plant to the female one which produced them. The first indication , of germination is the appearance of one or more radicles, like the sucker of i a house fly, but larger; as at h i, in ^g.926., which are front views, and at j Ic I in the same figure, which are side views, taken from mistletoe berries, ': which were stuck on the upright trunk of a cherry tree in our garden at ; Bayswater, in March, 1836, and germinated there, as they appeared on the 20th of May of the same year. When the white, viscous, pulpy matter of the mistletoe berry is removed, the kernel, or .seed, appears of a greenish colour, and 925. V. dlbum. 510 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. flat ; sometimes oval, at other times triangu- lar, and at other times of various forms. In fif'. 926., a is the male blos- som magnified; b, the fe- male blossom magnified ; f/, a berry cut through, transversely; e, a seed divided vertically, show- ing the two embryos ; g, the embryo magnified ; h, the two embryos, with the two radicles germi- nating ; i, a single radi- cle ; k, a side view, or section, of the two radi- cles; and /, a side view, or section, of the single radicle. Our mistletoes, at Bayswater, are now (Aug. 1840) from 4 in. to 8 in. in length, with 4 or 5 pairs of leaves, after having been four years sown. Mr. Moss, a nurseryman at Malvern, has succeeded in grafting the mistletoe standard high on young apple and pear trees, and also on poplars and willows. The grafts should be made in the first or second week in May ; and they should never be lower than 3 ft. from the ground, or higher than 10 ft. Where the stock is not more than ^in. in diameter, an incision is made in the bark, into which a scion of mistletoe, {)ared thin, is inserted, having a bud and a leaf at the upper end. In grafting onger pieces, a notch should be cut out of the stock ; an incision made below the notch ; and a shoulder left on the scion to rest on the notch, in the manner of crown grafting. In every case, there must be a joint on the lower extremity of the scion. The mistletoe may also be propagated by budding, taking care to have a heel of wood and a joint at the lower extremity of the bud. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xiii. pp. 206. and^285.) 926. V. Album. Genus II. LORA'NTHUS L. The Loranthus, Lin. Syst. Pentahex^ndria Mono- gynia. Jdenlificatton. Lin. Sp., 1672. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 671.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 409. Derivation. From lorum, a lash made of leather, and anlhos, a flower ; alluding to the long linear shape and leathery substance of the petals. Ge7i. Char. Flou'crs dioecious or hermaphrodite. Cali/x cup-shaped, adnata, ■with an entire border. Petals 5 — 6, linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted into the middle of the petals. Fi/ame7ifs short. A7ifkers globose. S/i/le thickisl\. Stigma simple. Berry globose, 1-celled, l-seeded. i^Dons AlilL) Leaves simple, opposite or nearly so, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire, rigid. Flowers in spikes, axillary and terminal. — An evergreen shrub, parasitical on trees ; native of Austria. XXXIX. lorantha'ce^ : au'cuda. 511 i? 1. L. EUROP^^us L. The European Loranthus. Identification. Lin. Sp., Ift72. ; Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 30. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 409. I Engravings. Jacq. 1. c. ; oar Jig. 027., and out Jig. 928. of the natural size I Spec. Char., ^-c. Plant glabrous, much branched. Branches te- rete. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 928. l. europee'us. oval-oblong. Racemes terminal, simple. Flowers dioecious, of 6 petals. (Don's Mill.') An evergreen parasitical shrub, with the habit of J^scum album. Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Upper Siberia, on oak and sweet chestnut trees. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 18.39. Flowers greenish ; May. Berries oval, white or yel- lowish ; ripe in December. Berries of this plant were received from M. Charles Rauch of Vienna, by his brother, M. Francis Rauch, and sown on trees in the Horticultural So- ciety's Garden, and also in our garden, at Bayswater, in January, 1839, though they have not yet vegetated. Genus III. AU'CUBA Ihnnh. The Aucuba. Lzw. 5z/s^ Dice^cia Tetrandria. I Identijicatim. Thunh. Fl. Jap., p. 4. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 274. ; Dou's Mill., 3. p. 433. [ Sfinonymes. Aucuba Kfempf. Amoen. 5. p. 775. ; EClbasis Salisb. Prod. p. 68. ; Derivation. Aitcuba is the Japanese name. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious. Calyx closely adhering, with the margin a I little elevated, and 4-toothed ; teeth obtuse, very short. Petals 4, decidu- ous, alternating with the calycine teeth, inserted in the margin of the ' elevated fleshy 4-angled disk. Stamens 'i;. Ovarium cyVrndrical. Style yery short, thick, terete. 5(?r?-_?/ fleshy, 1 -seeded. {Don's Alill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; petiolate, coriaceous. Floiuers small, panicled. ' An evergreen shrub or low tree; Japan; with dichotomous or verticillate branches, in the manner of those of Loranthus and rfscum. The male blossom is unknown. Only the female state of this plant is in British gardens. * \. A. japo'nica Thunb. The Japan Aucuba. deiUification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 64. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 274. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 433. 'mont/mes. EObasis dichijtomus Salisb. Prod. p. C8. ; spotted-leaved Laurel, Japan Laurel. Engravings. Thunb. Icon. Fl. Jap., t. 12. and 13. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1197.; and our ^g. 929. 51-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, toothed, cori- aceous, glabrous, shining, pale green ; beautifully spotted with yellow, having the midrib rather prominent, the rest of the leaf reticulately veined. Petioles articulated with the branches, and dilated at the base, (^l)on's Mill.) An evergreen sin-ub. Japan, Height 6 ft. to 10 ft., and probably much higher in warm sheltered situations. Introduced in 1 783. Flowers dark blood-coloured ; May and July. Berries red ; ripe in March ; not yet seen in England. As hardy as, or hardier than, the common laurel ; and, what is a very valuable property in England, it will endure coal smoke better than ahnost any other evergreen. It is readily propagated by cuttings; and grows freely in any soil tolerably dry, advancing steadil}' by shoots of from 6 in. to 9 in. long every season. 929. ^.japdnica. Order XL. CAPRIFOLIA CE^. Obd. Char. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla monopetalous ; tube short ; limb 3- i lobed ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 5, adnate to the corolla, and alternat- ing with its lobes. Ovarium 3-celled. Sij/le exserted. Stigmas 3, distinct, or combined. Berry pulpy, rarely dry, crowned by the calyx, 1 or many celled. Seeds solitary, twin or numerous in the cells. Albumen fleshy. {G. Don.) ' Leaves simple, or compound, generally exstipulate, deciduous, or ever- green. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary. — Shrubs or low trees, ( natives of Europe, North America, and Asia, which may be iUTanged in ■■ two sections as under : — Sect. I. i'AMBU^CEiE Humb. et Kth. I Sect. Char. Corolla monopetalous, regular, rotate, with 5 segments only \ connected a little at the base; rarely tubular. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, j sessile. j 5amhu^cus Tourn. Corolla rotate, urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, 1-celled, 3 — 4-seeded, hardly crowned. Fibu'rnum L. Corolla rotate, subcampanulate, and tubular. Berry 1- seeded, crowned by the calycine teeth. Low deciduous trees or shrubs ; partly evergreen. Sect. IL Lonice^r£.e Brown. Sect. Char. Corolla monopetalous, more or less tubular, usually irregular Style filiform, crowned by three distinct or concrete stigmas. Diervi'll^ Tourn. Calyx bibracteate at the base, 5-parted. Corolla 3-cleft. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. A low deciduous shrub. Lom'cer/< Dcsf. Tube of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted, usually irre- gular. Berry 3-celled. Cells few-seeded. Deciduous and evergreen shrubs, many of them twiners. Symphorica'rpos G.Don. (Symphoria Ft-ri.) Calyx 4— o-toothed. Co-, rol'.a almost regulai*. Berry crowned by the calyx, 4-celled, two of tlieni^ empty, and the other two containing 1 seed each Deciduous shrubs. Bl XL. CAPRIFOLIA CEiE . 5AMBU CUS. 513 Leyceste^r/^ Wall. Calyx 3-partecl, irregular. Corolla 5-parted, Berry 5- celled, crowned by the calyx. Cells many-seeded. A rambling sub- ever- green shrub. Sect. I. Sambu^ce^. Genus I. 5AMBU'CUS ToM) i. The Elder. Lm. 5j/s/. Pentandria Trig/nia. Identification. Tourn. Inst... 376. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 321 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 436. Synunyme. Phyteuma l.our. Cuch. p. 138., but not of Lin. Derivation. From sambukS, which the Latins have changed to sambuca, a musical instrument which is believed to have been made of elder wood. Gen. Char., t^-r. Cah/x small, but divided into 5 deep segments, permanent. Corolla rotate, urceolar, o-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Staintns 6, about the length of the corolla. Filaments awl-shaped. Anthers roundish, and heart- shaped. Style none. Stigmas 3, obtuse. Berry globular, pulpy, of 1 cell, containing 3 — 5 seeds, which are convex on the outside, and angular inside. (Don's Mill.^ Leaves compound, opposite, bistipulate, deciduous ; stalked : leaflets toothed, pinnate, or jagged, often biglandular at the base. Flowers white or purplish, in terminal c}mes, which are in some flat, and in others thyrsoid. Berries purplish, cathartic. — Those plants of the genus which have pinnate or jagged leaflets, are not true species, but only varieties; all the true species having only toothed leaflets. Trees, low, deciduous, natives of Europe and North America ; ornamental for their compound leaves, and large terminal cymes of flowers ; which are I succeeded by purplish, red^ white, or green berries, from which a wine is made. All the species are of easy culture, in good soil, rather moist and loamy; and i ti ey are all readily propagated by cuttings. A. Leaves pinnate. Flowers cymose or corymbose, X \. S. Ni^GRA L. The common, or hlack-f ruited. Elder. Identification. Lin. Sp., 385. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 437. 930. Sambflcus nigra. \ynonymes. Bourtry, or Bour Tree, Arntree, Scotch : Sureau, Fr. ; Hollander, Ger. ; Sambuco ital. ; Sauco, and Sabuco, Span. ; Flaeder, Swed. ; Hylde, Dan. L L 514 AUBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. N. Du Ham.,!, t. 5S. ; Eng. Bot., 1st edit,, vol. vi. ; and our^g^s. 930. and 931. t. 476. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit, Spec. Char., Sfc. Arboreous. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets usually 5, smooth, deep green, ovate or oblong-oval, acuminated ; the lower leaves some- times trifoliolate. Cymes with 5 main branches. Branches, after a year's growth, clothed with smooth grey bark, and filled with a light spongy pith. Flowers cream-coloured, with a sweet but faint smell. Berries globular, purplish black. Stalks reddish. {Don's Mill.) A low tree. Eu- rope, and part of Asia, in hedges, coppices, and woods; and plentiful in Britain, in like situations. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers cream-coloured ; June. Berries purplish black ; ripe in Septem- ber. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood whitish green. 931. S. nigra. Varieties. i S. n. 2 virescens Dec. Prod. iv. p. 322. ; S. virescens Desf. Arhr. Fr. i. p. 3+8. — Fruit yellowish green. t S. 11. 3 leucocdrpa. — Fruit white. i S. n. 4 lacinidta ; S. laciniata Mill. Diet. No. 2. (Lob. Icon., 2. t. 164. f. 2. ; and our jig. 932) ; the Parsley- leaved Elder; has the leaflets cut into fine segments. The hand- somest of all the va- rieties. 952. S. n. laciiiiita. 933. S. n. foliis argteteis. ( / I t S. n. 5 rotrindifolia. — Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets petiolate, roundish, | serrated. Corymbs few-flowered. Cultivated in the Chelsea Garden, j t S. n. 6 monstrosn, S. monstrosa Hort,, has the branches striped. ' Flowers of from 5 — 15 parts; and with from 5 — 15 stamens. Stig- mas 5 — 12. Berries irregular. S S. n. 7 fd/iis argenfeis {Jig. 933.) has the leaves variegated with white, and forms a striking and lively-looking plant in a shrubbery. *? S. V. 8 foliis lideis has the leaves slightly variegated with yellow. The elder is cultivated in some parts of Kent for its fruit, which is much in demand for making elder wine. The flowers and bark are much used by herbalists ; and the wood of old trunks, being very hard, is used as a substi-, tute for that of box and dogwood. The young shoots, having large pith, arei made into pop-guns, and the pith is used by electricians in various experiments, j The plant, both in Britain and on the Continent, is sometimes used for forniingj hedges, and also as a nurse plant for plantations exposed to the sea breeze. I In the latter capacity, it has the great advantage of growing rapidlv the fiisti five or six years, and afterwards of being easily choked by the trees it has; nursed up. The elder will not thrive except in a good soil, kept soinevvhatj moist ; and it will not flower and fruit abundantly, unless the situation bel f XL. CAPRIFOLJA CEiE : 5AMBU CVS. 515 open, and fully exposed to the light and air. The plant roots so readily from cuttings and truncheons, that, where the soil is tolerably moist, a plantation 'or a hedge may be made at once, by the use of the latter, instead of employ- iing rooted plants. j j * 2. iS". canade'nsis L. The Canadian Elder. 'identificntioti. Lin. Sp., 38S. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 43r,. ^Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 2. t. H*?. ; and onr Jig. 934. \Spcc. Char., Sfc. Frutescent. Leaves ' pinnate or sub-pinnate. Leaflets ; about 4 pairs, and an odd one ; I oblong, oval, stiffish, acuminated, j more or less pubescent beneath, ! sometimes appendiculated at the I base. Cymes of 5 main branches. Flowers almost scentless. Berries ' deep blui.-,h black. {Don's Mill.) A shrub, nearly sufFiuticose. Canada to Carolina, in swamp.s and near hedges. 1 Height 4 ft. to 6 t't. Litroduced in i 1761. Flowers white; July and ' August. Fruit bluish black ; ripe in i September. * A bush, in foliage resembling the lommon elder, but it is less hardy, and, 1 Britain at least, never assumes any ling of a tree character. canadensis. B. Leaves pinnate. Floivers panicled. 36 3. S. RACEMO^SA L. The racemose-^owe7-ed Elder. lentificntion. Lin. Sp.. 3»?G. ; Don's Mill., S. p. 438. ^inontimes. S. montana Crt?«. Epit. 976. ; S cervlni Tabern. 1029. ; Sambuco montana, Hal. ingrufings. Jacq. Icon. Kar., 1. p. bO.; N. Du Ham., 1. t. 56. ; and our^g. 935. j)ec. Char., <^c. Shrubby. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acumi- nated, serrated, unequal at the base. Petioles glabrous. Panicle ovate. Leaves ' pale green, pretty smooth. (Don's Mill.) . A low tree or large shrub. Middle and j South of Europe and .Silieria, on moun- I tains. Height 10 ft. to 1-2 ft. Litroduced J in lo96. Flowers whitish green; April jl and May. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in August. Triett/. ^ S.r.2 lacinintn Koch in Dec. Fl. Fr. Supp. p. 3000. — Leaflets jagged. j A native of the Palatinate of the ! Rhine. ,This tree has a splendid appearance len covered with its panicles of fine, j'ge, scarlet fruit, which resemble minia- (re bunches of gra[)es of the most bril- .nt scarlet. Its large leaves, with their deeply serrated pinnae, are also [I'V ornamental. It grows as freely as the common elder, and deserves a i»ce m every collection ; though it is very seldom found, in British gardens, such a size as to display its beauty. We should think it would succeed if tided on the common elder ; and, as that species is abundant in many places, L L i; 935. S. racemosa. 516 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. plants might be trained to a single stem, and budded with S. racemosa standard high. It is very ornamental in the Paris gardens. ^ 4. S. (r.) pu'bens Michx. The downy Elder. Identification. Michx. F!. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 181. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Sjjminymes. S. racenibsa Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 279., but not of I^in. ; S. pubescens Lodd. Cat. Engravinf^s. Our fig. 936. from a living plant in the Chelsea Botanic Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrubby. Leaves pin- nate. Leaflets 5, membranous, ovate- lanceolate, or oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the under side. Panicle thyrsoid. (Dou[s Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Carolina to Canada, on the highest mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. sometimes 12 ft. Introd. 1812. Fiov/ers whitish ; April and May Berries red ; ripe in August. Closely resembling 5. racemosa, of which it is probably only a variety. Sir W. J. Hooker mentions a variety with 7 leaflets, which may be designated S. (r.) p. 2 heptaphjlla. 936. S. (r.) phbens. Genus II. r FIBU'RNUM L. The Viburnum. Lin. Si/st. Pentandria Trigynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., p. 370. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 323. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Synotiijmes. O'pulus, Fiburnum, and Tinus, Town. Inst. p. GU7. t. 370. and 377. ; Mbtirnum an( 0 piilus, Mcench Melh. p. .¥15. ; Viorne, Fr. ; Schneeball, Get: ; Viburno, Ital. Derivation. According to Vaillant, the word riburnum is derived from the Latin word vieo, to tip | on account of the pliability of the branches of some species. Viburna, in the plural, appears ti, have been applied by the ancients to any shrubs that were used for binding or tying. Gen. Char. Calyx limb small, permanent. Corolla rotate, somewhat cam panulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, equal. Stigmas 3i sessile. Berry ovate or globose, 1-seeded from abortion, crowned by th'| calycine teeth. (Don's Mill.) ' \ Leaves simple, opposite, stipulate, chiefly deciduous, but partly evergreen! petiolate. Floivers in terminal corymbs; usually white, but soinetinie) verging to a rose colour. Decaying leaves red and ye'uow. — Shrubs; native of Europe, Asia, and North America; of easy culture and propagation, bj seeds or layers, in any common soil. § i. lihius Tourn. Synonymes. Lentago Dec. Prod. 4. p. 324. ; Viburnum Mcenc/i Meth. p. 50.5. Sect. Char., S^-c. Leaves quite entire, or toothed. Style almost wanting ; stij mas 3, sessile. r 1. V. Ti^svs L. The Laurustinus. Identification. Lin. Sp,, 383. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 324. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Syrwri!/»ies. V. /aurifOrmo Lam. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 3G3. ; Tinus Tourn. Imt. p. 607. t. 377 ; Tlnus Mil] folia Borlcti. in Roam. Arch. 1. pt. 2. p. 20. ; the Laurustine, wild Bale Tree, Gerard; \iorii Laurier Tin, Fr. ; Lorbeerartiger Schneeball, or Schwalkenstrauch, Ger. ; Lagro salvatico, a^ Lauro Tino, Ital. i Derivation. Laurustinus is from laurus, a laurel, and iimts, the Latin name of the plant ; the wci laiiriis hemg addi'il, by old authors, from the supposition that this shrub belonged to the sa: family as the Laurus uobilis, or sweet bay. Lorbeerartiger is laurel-like. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 37. ; Hot. Mag., t. 38. ; and onrfig. 937. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, permanent ; having tl f XL. caprifola'ce^ : tibu'enum. 517 937. Kib6mum Tlnus. ^' \ ramifications of the veins beneath, as well as the branchlets, furnished with glandular hairs. Cor\ nibs flat. Flowers white, but rose-coloured before ex- pansion, and sometimes afterwards for a little time. Berries dark blue. (Doll's Mill.) A compact evergreen shrub. South of Europe, and North of Africa. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; December till March. Berries dark blue ; ripe in June. 'anet'ies. « V. T. 2 hirfa Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 166. ; r. Tinus Mill. Diet. No. 4.; V. lucidum JMdl., Pers., and Schultes. — Leaves oval-ob- long, hairy beneath and on the margins. The flow ers of this variety appear in autumn, and con- tinue on the shrub all the winter. A native of Portugal and Spain, and the vicinity of Nice. Very distinct, from the comparative , roundness of its leaves, and the hairiness both of the leaves and branches. i « V. T. 3 lucida Ait. 1. c. — Leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous on both sur- faces, shining. The cymes, as well as the flowers and leaves, are larger than those of the common sort, and seldom appear till the spring. When the winters are sharp, the flowers are killed, and never open unless they are sheltered. This is quite a distinct variety, with fewer and more spreading branches than the common kind, and much larger leaves, which are shining. There is a sub variety of it ■with leaves more or less variegated with white. It is a native about Algiers, and on Mount Atlas. * V. T. i virgdta Ait. 1. c, Clus. Hist. No. iii. with a fig. — Leaves ob- long-lanceolate, pilose on the margins, as well as on the under surface. It is a native of Italy, about Rome and Tivoli, &c. a V. T. 5 stncta Hort. has a somewhat erect and fastigiate habit. Horti- cultural Society's Garden. There is also a variegated subvariety. One of the most ornamental of evergreen shrubs, the foliage tufting in leautitul masses, and covered with a profusion of white flowers which com- ^aence expanding in November, and continue flowering till April or May. In .British nurseries, it is frequently, for expedition's sake, increased by layers ; mt all the varieties are readily propagated by cuttings, taken off in autumn, ^nd planted in a sand\' soil, on a northern border. In two years, these cuttings |.ill form saleable plants of the smallest size. The variety V. T. lucida, being omewhat more difficult to strike than the others, is generally increased by '.vers, which are made in autumn, and root in a year. I § ii. \iburnum Tourn. ynonyme. Lentago Dec. Prod. 4. p. 424. Vc/. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous. All the flowers fertile, and equal in shape and size, except in V. lantanoides. Corolla rotate. Fruit oval. '^^i 2. F. Lenta^go L. The Lentago, or pliant-brancJied, Viburnum. M-ntificutiun. Lin. Sp., p. 384. ; Dec. Trod., 4. p. 32.5. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. •/nonyme^. Tree Viburnum, Canada Viburnum; Viorne a Kameaux pendans, Viorne luisantc, ' Fr. \ Birn-blatteriger Schneeball, Get: ; Canadische Schwalkenbeerstrauch, Schwalkenstraucb, , Hayne. [ngravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 21. ; Schmidt Baum., 3. t. 176. ; and our fig. 938. 'pec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, sharply serrated, glabrous. Petioles with narrow curled margins. Corymbs terminal, sessile. Scrratureb L L 3 518 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of leaves hooked a little, and somewhat cartilagi- nous. {Don's AIM.) A robust shrub or low tree. New England to Carolina, among hedges and on the borders of woods ; and found throughout Ca- nada. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 17G1. Flowers white ; July. Fruit black ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves purple red and yellow Naked young wood yellowish and reddish green. In British gardens, this species forms, when pruned to a single stem, a handsome small tree, flowering freely and producing abundance of fruit, which is greedily eaten by birds. Propagated by layers, or by seeds. 93S K. Lentago. a^ ^ 3. V. (L.) prunifo'lium L. The Plum-tree-leaved Viburnum. Identification.. Lin. Sp , 383. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Siinunyme V. Lentago T)u Roi. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 23. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 38. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vi. ; and our^g-. 939. 939. F. (L.)piunii()lium. Spec. Ckar.y S^c. Leaves roundish-obovate and oval, glabrous, rather mem-l branous, crenately serrated, ending in a short acumen. Petioles marginate.i glabrous. Cymes sessile. Berries ovate or roundish. (Don's Mill.) A largcj shrub or low tree. New England to Carolina, in hedges and fields ; and alsol Canada, about Lake Huron. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in I73i.j Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit dark blue; ripe in September. j 3^ 3? 4. V. (L.) PYRiFOLiuM Poir. The Pear-tree-leaved Viburnum. Poir. Diet., 5. p. 658. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325. ; Don's Mill., t. 22. ; and omt Jigs. 940. and 941. Spec, Cliar., S^c. Leaves ovate. Identification .- 3. p. 440. Engravings. Dend. Brit. 940. y. (L.) pyii- lolium. Cliar,, S^c. Leaves ovate, acutish> glabrous, subserrated. Petioles smooth. Corymbs son)ewhat pedunculate. (Don's AI/ll.) A large shrub or low tree. Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, ti-c, on the banks of rivers. Heii;ht 5 ft. to 8 ft. Intro- duced in 1812. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit ovate oblong, black ; ripe in September. y. (L.) XL. CAPIlliOLIA CEJ. : VIBURNUM. Resembles the preceding species, but is not so straggling in its grow .,>_ *£ cr ir /T \ ..,.»„.,,, T npi 1 — J 1 1 ■\r;u,,_ •« 519 ^'i b. V. (L.) NU^DUM L I The naked-co?-2/w«6(?rf Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 3>*3. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Synonyme. V. /lyril'filium Poii: Engravings. Wats. Deud. Brit., t. 20. ; Jlill. Icon., 274. ; and our jf^. 842. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, angular at the base, bluntish, with revolute obsoletely cre- niilated margins, quite glabrous. Petioles beset with scale-like scurf or down. Corymbs pedun- culate, not involucrate. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Canada to Georgia, in swamps, particularly on a sandy soil. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers whitish ; May to June. Fruit globose, black or dark blue ; ripe in September. Variety. ^ t V. {L.) 11. 2 squamatum ; V. squamatum Willd. Enum. (Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 24-.; and our fig. 943.) ; has the surface, mid- ribs, and petioles of the leaves scaly (whence its name), and their margins crenate, sub- dentate. The pedun- cles and pedicels are also covered with minute ferruginous scales ; and the leaves are smaller, and of a bluer green than those Oi V. niidum. Sir W. J. Hooker says of this species, that he cannot satisfy himself of Ipermanently distin;.'uishing characters between it and V. Lentago and V. juru- nifoliuni. We think all the four varieties of the same form. . V. CASSixoi^VES L. The Cassine-like Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 384. ; Dec. Prod.. 4. p. 326. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 183R. Synonyme. V. fjunttatura Rafin. Engraving. Omfig. liura pubescens Goldie in Edin. Phil. Journ. 1822, April, p. 323 ; L. hirsdf FaiIoii Man. Bot. Ed. 3. p. 311. ; L. Goldie' Spreng. Syst. 1. p. 758. Engravings. Hook. Exot. Fl., t. 27. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3103. ; and our Jig. 969. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves broatl-ovate-elliptic, on short petioles, pubescent and ciliated, glaucous beneath ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes or racemes composed of verticillate heads of flowers. Corollas beset with glandular pubescence. Flowers yellow. (Don's Mill.) This appears to hold the place in the more northern parts which L. fljiva does in the south ; of which, indeed. Dr. Torrey suspects it to be a variety. (IIoo/c. Fl. Bor. Amer., p. 282.) A deciduous twining shrub. North America, in Massa- chusetts, Vermont, New York, and Canada, in many places. Stems 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Fruit?. It appears hardier than the preceding sort. -£ 7. L. PARViFLO^RA Lam. The small-flowered Honeysuckle. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 728. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 44-5. Synonytnes. Caprifolium parvifldrum Pursh Sept. 1. p. 161. ; Lonicero dioica Lin. St/st. Veg. ed. 13. p. 181. ; L. media Murr. Nov. Comm. Giitt. 1776 p. 28. t. 3. ; Caprifblium bracte'bsum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 105. ; CaprifMium diolcum Rccm. et Schult. Syst. 5. p. 260. ; CapriiBlium glaucum Mcench ; glaucous Honeysuckle ; Ch&vrefeuille dioique, Fr. ; Meergriines Geissblatt, Ger. ; Middelboore Karaperfoelie, Dutch. Engravings. Krauss, t. 27. ; and our figs. 970. and 971. Sjyec. Char., c^c. Quite glabrous. Leaves elliptic, sessile ; lower ones somewhat connate ; upper ones connately perfoliate, very glaucous beneath. Flowers disposed in verticillate heads. Corollas glabrous, with tubes gibbous at the base on one side. Filaments ra- ther hairy. Flow- ers yellow, and smaller than in any of the foregoing species, but vary- ing exceedingly in their colour ; for there is a variety mentioned by Mi- chau.x in which they are purple. (Doll's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. New England to Carolina, in rocky shady situations; frequent in Canada. Stem 10ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1776. Flowers smdl, yellow ; June and July. Fruit scarlet. -^ 8. L. (p.) Douglass// Dec. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 282. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 44.5. Synonyme. Caprif6lium DouglasiY Lindl. Hort. Trans. 7. p. 244. Engraving. Our fig. 972. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, ciliated, tomento.se on the outside ; upper ones connate. Flow- ers disposed in capitate whorls. Stigmas exserted. Stamens enclosed. Corollas pubescent, biliibiate, deep orange red. Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. long, deep green. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. Western coast of North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan. Stems 10 ft. to 15ft. Introd.lS24-. Flowers deep orange yellow; July to September. Fruit?. 070. I» parvifldra. 971. L. parviflj)ra. Douglas's Honeysuckle. „ a72. L. (p.) DougtiULii'. II XL. CAPUIFOLIA'CE.E : LONl'CEU^/. 531 9. L. hisi'i'dula Dong/. The bristly Honeysuckle. Identification. DoukI. MSS. Synonymc. Caprifdlium hisp'uUiliun IJndl. Bot. Reg. Eagrtiviniis. Bot. Reg., t. 1761. ; and our ^i'S. 973. and 974. ^V,. Spec. Char., cf c. Hispidly pilose. Umbels petliincuiate. Corolla smooth, bilabiate, longer than the tube of the limb. iSta- niens exserted. Leaves peti- olate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, glaucous beneath, sessile to- wards the summit. Stem slender. Flowers small. {Lindl?) A prostrate shrub. North-west America, in woods. Stem 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers rose-co- loured, nearly scentless ; July and August. Fruit ?. honevsiickles. In A very rare species, quite lifferent from all the other common soil it can scarcely be 971. I/, hispidula. kei)t alive ; but in peat and loam it grows as readily as any other hardy American plant. -^ 10. L. GRA^TA Ait. The pleasant, or evergreen. Honeysuckle. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ]. p. 231. ; Dec. Prod. 4. p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Syno)iymes. Caprif blium gratum Pursh Sept. 1. p. 161.; L. virginiana Marsh Arb. 13G. ; ?/'o,i- cljmenum americanum Mill. Diet. No. 7. ; Caprifolio sempreverde, Ital. Engravings. Hort. Angl., p. 15. No. 10. t. 8.; and our^g^. 975. Spec. Char., t^c. Leaves permanent, obovate, rather mucronate, glaucous beneath, and reticulately veined, glabrous ; upper ones coimately perfoliate. Spikes composed of approximate whorls of flowers. Corollas ringent. Branches reddish brown. Flowers inclining to scarlet on the outside, accord- ing to Pursh. Corolla ringent, reddish on the outside, and yellow inside. Berries red. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergeen twining shrub. Carolina to New York, on the mountains, rambling among rocks, in shady moist situations, but rare. Stems 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introcl. 1730. Flowers yellow, red, and white ; Juneor July to Sep- tember, and sometimes till the commencement of frost. Fruit red ; ripe in September. The plant is of vigorous "rowth, with woody stems, aiul will live longer than most of the other species. It is inferior in vigour only to L. japonica, the , t'aprifolium flexuosum of the nurseries. 975. L. priita. iB. Limb of Corolla ncarli/ equal. — Vericl^^mcnum Tourn. -^ 11. L. sEMPERvi^RENS Ait. The evergreen I Trumpet Honeysuckle. IdenHfication, Ait. Hort. Kcw., 1. p. 230. ; Dec. Prod., 4. , p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synonymes. Caprift)lium sempervlrens Miclix. Fl. Bor. Amer. , 1. p. 105. ; Pericljmenum sempervlrens Mill. Diet. No. 1. ; 1 U M 2 97G. L. sen'.pervlrenn 532 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^laternus sempervirens A'(rA/. ex Sicud. ; Periclifmenum virginiacum Iiiv. Hon. IIG. ; Jhulre Selva de Virginia, Ilitl. Engravings. Hurt. Angl., t. 7. ; Krauss, t. 1. ; and o\irfig. 97G. Spec. Char., Sfc. Quite glabrous. Leaves persistent, sub-evergreen, obovate or ovate, glaucous beneath ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes nearly naked, composed of whorls of flowers. Tube of corolla VL-ntricose on the upper side; limb nearly regular, with 5 roundish lobes. Branches brown. Leaves deep green above, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad. Whorls of flowers usually 3, at tiie top of each branch. Flowers of a beautiful scarlet out- side, and yell.)W inside, about 1 in. long, inodorous. There are several ,rarieties of this species, particularly one with an almost upright stem. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen twining shrub. New York to Carolina, in dry stony woods. Stems G ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers scarlet ; from May till August. Fruit reddish yellow ; ripe in September. Varielles. 1 L. s. 2 vwjor Ait. Curt. Bot, Mag. 1781. (Schmidt Bauni. t. 104. ; and our Jig. 977.) — Leaves roundish, and flowers very large, and of a brilliant scarlet. L. s. 3 minor Ait. Sims Bot. Mag. 1753. (Ker Bot. Reg. t. 556. ; and our fig. 978.) L. conniita Meerb. Icon. t. 11.? — Leaves oblong, acute at both ends ; upper ones ob- tuse, perfoliate. Flowers small, : and scarlet both outside and inside. .^ L. s. ^ Browmi Gordon. — Flowers larger and brighter than those of the species. A very desirable variet}'. L. s. niajnr. 978. L. s minor. The fine scarlet flowers of this species, and the length of time during which they are produced, render it a very desirable one; but it is somewhat tender, and rather capricious in regard to situation. It will not thrive in clayey or wet soil; neither in the smoke of cities, nor in a confined situation. It grows well in sand, but still better in sandy peat. ^ 12. L. ciLio^sA Pair. The ciliated-/(?rtr«/ Honeysuckle. Idcniificatinn. Poir. Suppl., 5. p. G12. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p.'332. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 44G. Synunymcs. Capril'blium cilibsum Pursh Fl. Amcr. Sept. 1. p. ICO. ; L. ciliata Diel.r. Lez. Supfl. 4. p. 2G3. Engraving, Our Jig. 979. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Upper part of the branches hairy on one side. Leaves coriaceous, reticulated, ovate, on short petioles, glaucous beneath, and ciliated on the margins ; upper ones con- nately perfoliate. Spikes composed of approximate verticillate heads of nearly sessile flowers. Tube of corolla hairy, ven- tricose in the middle; limb nearly equal. Peduncles beset with glantlular hairs. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. North America, on the banks of the Kooskoosky. Stem 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers deep yellow; July and August. Fruit ?. 97s. l. ciii6sx. _5 13. L. occidentaYis Hook. The Western Honeysuckle. Identification. Hook Fl. Bor. Anier., I. p. 282. ; Don's Jlill., 3. p. 44n. Synonymes. C.iprifMinm orcidcntale T.indl. Bot. JU'g. t. 1457. ; fnp.-ifiMium ciliftsum DottglasilSS. Engravings, Bot. Reg., t. 14.'i7. ; and ourjig. 980. Spec. Char., C)t. Leaves oval, almost sessile, glabrous, ciliated, glaucous XL. CAPRIFOLIA^CEiE : LONl'CER^. 333 beneatli ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Flowers dis- posed in verticillate heads. Corolla glabrous, with an elongated tube, which is gil)bous above the base ; the limb nearly equal. Stamens almost enclosed. (Do7i^s Mill.) Branches and peduncles glabrous. A decidu- ous twining shrub. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Stems 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in IS^L Flowers large, orange red ; June, July, and August. Fruit ?. A great acquisition toour gardens; quite different from L. pubescens, L. parviflora, and L. Douglass ; and, if 9S0. L. occidentaiis. ^hc presence or absence of hairs in the corolla are to be depended on, it is also different from L. ciliosa, which inhabits nearly the same country L. pilosa Willd,, Dec. Prod. iv. p. 233., Caprifolium villosum //. B. ct KuntJi Nov. Gen. Amer. iii. p. 427. t. 298. (and our fi^r, 981.), is a native of New Spain, in cold places, witii purple flowers, not yet introduced. 9S1. L. pilosa. § ii. Xylosteum Dec. Identificalion. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. 446. Synomjrncs. Xylosteon Jiiss. Gen. 212. ; Lonicera Roem. et Schult. Syst. .5. p. 19. ; Xylosteon and Chamaecerasus Tourn. Inst. p. 609. ; Xylosteum and Isika Adans. Fam. 2. p. ."iOl. ; Coboe'd Necic. Elexn. No. 219.', the Fly Honeysuckle; Hackenkirsche, Gcr.; Hondsbezien or Hondskarsen, Dutch. Herivation. From xylon, wood, and osteon, a bone ; the wood of L. Xyl6steum bein<£ as hard as bone. Sect. Char., Sfc. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate at the apex. Berries twin, distinct, or joined together more or less ; 3-cel!ed in the young state; rarely 2- celled in the adult state. The limb of the calyx is generally de- ciduous, therefore the fruit is usually not crowned. (Uons Mill.) Climb- ing or erect shrubs, deciduous, with leaves never connate. Of the easiest culture, and extremely hardy. A. Ovaries and Berries altogether distinct. Stems twining. Nintooa Dec. Prod. iv. p. 33. Derivation. Nintoo, or Sintoo, is the name of L. japonica in China. Flowers irregular. — -5 14. L. coNFu'sA Dec. The confused Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Symmymes. Nintooa conlii.sa Strt. Hoyt. Brit. ed. 2. ; Lonicem japonica Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 583.; Nintoo, Sintoo, Kcempf. Amcen. ."i. p. 785. ; Capriftilium jap6nicum Loud. Hart. Brit, let ed. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 583. ; Bot. Reg., t. 70. ; and onr fig. 982. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches twining, pubescent. ^i>i4^ Leaves ovate, acute, roundetl at the base, 'S^^felfj^ii downy on both surfaces, as well as the pedun- \ ff^^T'lP^^fe^-'"!'' \, cles. Peduncles axillary, longer than the ■^^'^^r^j/QP^^ petioles, 2-flo\vered, opposite, disposed in •^■^^J'^^'^-^'"''' something like a thyrse at the tops of the branches. Calycine segments ovate, and, as ■well as the corollas, pubescent. The flowers are snow white at first, but gradually change to a golden yellow colour ; hence it is called Suikad.sara and Kinginqua, that is gold and silver flowers, by the Japanese. Corolla about an inch long, bilabiate. (Dons Mill.) A de- ciduous twining shrub. Japan, China, aud the Himalayas. Stem 10 ft. t£ M M 3 9,S2. L. corrusa. 534 ARBORETUM ET FHUTICETUM BllITANNICUM 15ft. Introduced in 1805. Flowers silvery white, changing to gold colour, June and July. Fruit ?. It is somewhat tender ; nevertheless, it will grow and flower freely against an open wall in the neighbourhood of London ; and the extraordinary fra- grance of its flowers, which are produced in the greatest abundance, well entitles it to a place in every collection. J: 15. L. LONGiFLO^RA Dcc. The long-flowered Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., J. p. 333. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Synoni/nics. f aprifbliuni longifltlrum Sabine ; Nintooa longiflbra Sift. Hort. Brit. cd. 2 ; OiprifBlium japonicum D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 140. ; CuprifOlium nepak-nse LoTid. Ilnrt. Brit. 70. Engravings, liot. Rpg , 1. 1232. ; and onr figs. 983. and 084. Spi'c. Char., ^c. Glabrous in every part. Branches twining. Leaves petiolate, ob- long-lanceolate, shining above, and pale beneath. Peduncles short, 2-flowered, about the length of the petioles. Tube Oi' corolla very long and filiform ; limb [)ilabiate. Flowers several inches long, at first snow-white, but finally changing to a golden yellow colour. {Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous twining shrub. China and Nepal. Stem 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in ]82(). Flowers snow white, chansing: to soki 9S3 L. Icn^iflura. colour; July to September. Fruit?. A very showy species, but it is somewhat 'Jsi- y"?" tender in British gardens. ^ 16. L. japo'nica Thunh. Tiie Japan Honeysuckle. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Sijnoi)y7>ies. Kintoda japuoica Swt. Hurt. Brit. ed. 2. ; L. chincnsis Hort. Kew. ; L. flexubsaiorfrf. Bot. Cab. 1037. ; L. glabrata Ro.xb. ; Caprifolium chinense I.oud. Hort. Brit.; C. flexuftsum Hort. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 117. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1037.; Bot. Reg. t. 712. ; and our^^s. 9!J5. and986. Spec. Char., S^c. Stems twining, flexuous, hairy. Branchlets opposite, very hairj-. bearing 2 leaves and 2 sessile flowers at the base of each. Leaves about an inch long, petiolate, ovate, acutish, villous, pale be- neath ; uppermost ones the small- est. Corolla tubular, irregular, about an inch long, red and vil- lous on the outside, and white inside, sweet-scented, equal in length to the stamens. (Don's Mill.) A twining shrub. China, Japan, and the Himalayas. Stems 15ft. to soft. Introduccdin 1806. Flowers yellow and red ; July to September. Perhaps the most valuable species of the genus, next to the indigenous one. It is nearly evergreen, apparently as hardy as the common wooilbine, and of far more robust habit of growth ; and, probably, a imich longer- lived plant. Its flowers, which are produced for several months together, are exceedingly fragrant ; and, by pruning and watering, it may be kept in fiower in the open garden from April to November, and in a conservatory through- out the year. No garden whatever, whether large or small, should be without this s[)ecies. Intending purchasers of this species will find that plants in pots are much to be preferred, though they are one half dearer ; because, if they 9S5. L.japdnica. 9SC. L. JainJnica. I I XL. CAPRIFOLIA'cEjE : LONl'CER^. 535 ave turned out into a large mass of prepared light rich soil, and placed against a wall, the ball being broken, and the roots spread carefully out in every direction, the shoots will cover several square yards of wall the first summer, and flower abundantly. L. longlfolia Hort. and our^.-r. 987., of which there are plants in the London gardens, probably belongs to this section. The plants are apparently only half- hardy. Fruit blue. EST. L. loi>pf61ia. B. Berries distinct, or usually connate together at the Base, and diverging at the Tip. Corolla hardly gibbous at the Base, or equal. Erect deciduous shrubs. — Chamcccerasi Dec. Derivation. The name signifies a kind of false cherry ; the fruit of some of the species resemble cherries. (Dec. Prod. iv. p. 335.) * 17. L. tata'rica Lin. The Tartarian Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1. p. 247.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. Zif>. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Syno7iy7nes. Xylusteum cordatuni Mcench Meth. p. 502. ; X. tataricum Du?)i. Cours. Engravings. I'all. Fl. Ross., t. 3S. ; Jacq. Icon., t. 37. ; Bot. Reg., t. 31. ; and oar Jigs. 988 and 989. Spec. Char., S^c. Quite glabrous, erect. Leaves cordate- ovate, hardly acute. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Berries distinct when young, and nearly globose, but at length connate at the base. 3^ ,'^'^'> Flowers rose-coloured, short, some- t|il% what gibbous at the base. Fruit \Ji^^^ black, with one of the berries usually abortive. Bracteas 2, linear-seta- ceous. Peduncles 2-flowered. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. Tartary. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers purplish; April and May. Berry bright red ; ripe m August. 9ij9. L. tatdrica. L. t. 2 alhijlora Dec. Prod. iii. p. 33o p. 18 L — Flowers and fruit white. 3 rubrijlora Dec. 1. c. L. grandiflorum Lodd. Cat. ; L L. pyrenaica Willd. Baumz., sibirica Hortid. ex Pcrs. Ench. — Flowers and fruit red. L. t. 4 lutea Lodd. Cat. has yellowish flowers and yellov/ fruit. L. t. 5 latifbUa Lodd. Cat. has broad leaves. This is one of the most hardy of European shrubs, and one of the few which grow in the open gardens of Petersburg and Stockholm, without pro- £1 ■ taction during winter. during winter. In British gardens, the plant is very common, and it is I valued for its early leafing and flowering. It will grow in any soil, and almost 1 in any situation, and is readily propagated bv cuttings. I j4 18. L. (t..) m'gra L. The hXack-fruited Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 247. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335. : Don's I , Mill., 3. p. 449. : Si/nont/mes. C'aprifdium rbseum ia?n. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 3GS. ; I Cham^cerasus nigra Detail). Ft. Auv. ed. 2. p. 130. ; Ci- ■ liegia salvatica, Ital. Engravings. Jacq. Aust. t. 314. ; Schmidt Baum., t. 110.; Gesn., fasc. 37. t. 8. f. 48. Spec Char., Sfc Erect. Leaves oval-oblong or elhptic, on short petioles, rather vil- lous when young, but nearly glabrous in the adult state. Peduncles 2-flowered, elongated, M M 4 990. L. rt.) n. cacipanin6ra. 991. 536 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 992. L (t.) ciliata. shorter than the leaves. Corolla reddish, and pubescent on the outside, but whitish on the inside. Bracteas 4, under the ovaries; the two outer ones lanceolate, and the inner quadrifid. Berries black, globose, joined together at the side. {Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Middle Europe, in subalpine woods, as in France, Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, Piedmont, &c. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers whitish ; March to May. Fruit black ; ripe in August. Varieti/. j» L. (/.) 11. 2 campaniflora ; Xylosteum campaniflorum Lodd. Cab. t. 1361., and onv Jigs. 990, 991. ; has the flowers bell-shaped, # 19. L. (t.) ciliaVa M'llhl. The ciliated-Zmrerf Honeysuckle. Identification. Miihl. Cat., p. 22. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 3.35. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Synonymes. Xylosteum ciliatum Pursh Sept. 1. p. Uii.; I-. tat&rica Mic/ix. Ft. Amcr. 1. p. IG6. but not of Lin. ; L. canadensis Roem. et Sclmlt. Sysi. 5. p. 2G0. Engraving. Our fig. 992. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves ovate or oblong, cordate, thin, ciliated, villous beneath in the young state. Peduncles elongated. Bracteas 2, ovate, three times shorter than the ovaries, which are distinct. Corolla bluntly spurred at the base ; with short, nearly equal lobes. Ber- ries distinct, red, divaricate. Flowers white, with a tinge of red or yellow ; tube ventricose above; limb with short acute segments; style protruded. {Doit's Mill.) An erect shrub. Canada to Virginia, and throughout Canada, on mountains among rocks, in rich soils. Height 4 ft. to G ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers reddish or yellowish white ; June, July. m, 20. L. PYUENA^iCA L. The Pyrenean Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 248. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 33.\ ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Synonymcs. Caprifdlium pyrenkicum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 36S. ; Xylusteum pv-reniicum Tourn. Inst 609. J .. Engraving. Oxxr fig. 993. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Glabrous, erect. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneiith. Peduncles 2-floweretl, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas oblong-linear, foUaceous. Flowers almost regular. Berries globose, distinct. Corolla white, twice the size of that of L. Xylosteum, funnel-shaped: limb 5-cleft, flat ; with fequal, ovate, obtuse segments. {Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Pyrenees, on calcareoiLs rocks, in exposed situations. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Intro- 993. L.pyreni.ica. ducedinl739. Flowers white ; May. Berries white. ji 21. L. puNi'cEA Sims. The cv\mson-Jloivered Honeysuckle. Identification. Sims Bot. Blag., t. 2469. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 33,5. Don's Mill., 3. p. 448.^ Synonyme. Symphoricarpos puniceus Swt. Engravings. Bot Mag., t. 2469. ; and onv fig. 994. Spec. Char , Sfc. Erect. Leaves ovate, subcor- date at the base, cf the same colour on both surfaces. Peduncles axillary, and almost ter- minal, 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Tube of corolla rather gibbous at the base ; segments of corolla nearly ecjual, irregularly arranged, 3 one way and 2 another. Berries distinct ?. Leaves sometimes three in a whor on the young shoots. {Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Native country unknown. Height 2 i't. % 19). L. punice.1. XL. CAPIUFO'LIA^CE^ : LONrCERu*. 537 =i^ to 4 ft. Cultivated in 1822. Flowers deep red, scarlet, or crimson ; April and jMay. Fruit V. 22. L. Xylo'steum L. The bony-wooded, or upright, Fly Honeysuckle. 'vdenlification. t.in. Sp., 248. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. ,, , „ ,. {iunonym'S. faprilolium duraetbrum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 367. ; Xylosteum dumetorum Mccnch Meth. 1 n. .502. ; Gisilostlo, Hal. 'Engravmg!<. Eng. Bot., t. 916. ; FI. Gricc., t. 223. ; and omjig. 99.5. kpec. Char., c^c. Erect, downy. Leaves ! ovate, acute, petiolate, soft. Peduncles ' 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. ; Bracteas hairy, double ; the two outer I ones lanceolate, spreading ; inner a small j concave scale under each germ. Berries * oval, distinct, 1-celled, 6-seeded. Flowers small, cream-coloured, downy. Calyx of 5 obtuse lobes. Berries scarlet. ( Doiis Mill.) An upright shrub. Europe, to Caucasus, in thickets, hedges, and rocky places, and by the sides of woods. Height Sit. to 10 ft. Cultivated in 1596. Flowers cream-coloured ; July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Naked young wood greyish white. Varieties. at L. X. 2 leucocdrpum Dec, Prod, iv, p. 335. has white berries. St L. X. 3 xanthocarpum Dec. 1. c. has the berries yellow. ^L, X. "^ viclanocarpuni Dec. 1. c. has black berries. i Linnaeus says that it makes excellent hedges in a dry soil ; that the clear parts between the joints of the shoots are used in Sweden for tobacco-pipes; and that the wood, being extremely hard, makes teeth for rakes, &c., and yields pnly in beauty to that of L. tatarica for walking-sticks. It is one of the oldest land hardiest inhabitants of British shrubberies. In the English garden, or 'rather park, at Munich, it is planted in masses and groups, along with other masses and groups of Cornus alba, .S'alix vitellina, and J^iburnum O'pulus ; ind, in the winter time, the whitish-grey bark of its shoots contrasts finely irt'ith the red, yellow, or brown, bark of the shrubs mentioned. 9D5. L. Xjidsteura . j» 23- L. Hi'spiDA Pall. The hispid Honeysuckle, Pall, ex "Willd. MSS. ; Led. Flor. Eoss. Alt. Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. Led. 1. c. ; and oxirjig. 99G. \ldentification. ' 111., t. 212.; Wngravings. 'Spec. Char., S(c. Branches hispid. Leaves ovate, j ciliated, petiolate, glabrous on both surfaces, j Peduncles 2-fio\vered. Bracteas ovate-elli|)tic, j exceeding the berries. (Don's Mill.) An up- right shrub. Siberia, on the Altaian Moun- tains. Height 2ft. to 3ft. Introduced?, j Flowers greenish white, pendulous ; May and June. Berries distinct, purple; ripe in August. Branches opposite, glabrous or bristly, brown- sh. Leaves li or 2 inches long, and 1 in. broad, jlabrous on both surfaces, cordate at the base. s 24. L. FLExuo'sA Thnnb. The flexible- stemmed Honeysuckle. Identification. Thunb. in Lin. Trans., 2. p. 330., but not of I Lodd., nor Ker ; Don's Mill., 3. p 449. Si/nonymef. L. nigra Thunb. Fl. Jiip. p. 89., but not of Lin. ; ' J* brach Jpoda Dec. Prod. 4. p. 33.5. 9=6. I„ hipida. 538 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engraving. Our^. . in p. Spec. Char., 4'c. Erect, branched. Branches very villous at the apex. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, glabrous ; petioles villous ; nerves of leaves puberulous. Flowers axillary, few, almost sessile. Berries globose, glabrous. Stems flexuous. Leaves about an inch long ; upper ones the smallest. Peduncles hardly a line long. Berries distinct, ovate, acuminated, black. {Bon s Mill.) An erect deciduous shrub. Japan. Height ifl. to 5 ft. Introduced in 180G. Flowers?; June and July. Berries black ; ripe?. C. Berries either distinct or joined together. Corolla very gibbous at the Base. Erect bushy Shrubs. — Ciiphdnthce Dec. Derivation. From Kuplios, gibbous, and anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flower being gibbous on one side at the base. jj 25. L. iNvoLUCR.v^TA Bunlis. The involucrated Honeysuckle. Identification. Banks Herb, ex Spreng. Syst, 1. p. 759. ; Dec. Prod., -1. p. 33G. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 449. Si/noni/7ne. Xyli5steum involucratiim Richards, in Frank. First Journ. cd. 1. append, p. 6. Engravings. Our fgs. 937, 998, i.99. HOT, 938, 999. L. invohicratii. «S);ec. Chai:, c^-r. Erect. Branches acutely tetragonal. Leaves ovate or oval, petiolate, membranous, beset with appressed hairs beneath. Peduncles axillary, 2 — 3-flowered. Bracteas 4 ; two outer ovate, two inner broad, obcordate, at length widening, clothed with glandular pubescence. Corolla pubescent, gibbous at the base on the outside ; yellowish, tinged with red Style exserted. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub< North-west America, between lat. 54° and 64° (but probaMy confined to the vicinity of the Saskatchawan) ; thence to the Rocky Mountains, Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. In troduced in 1824. Flowers yellowish, tinged with red ; May. Fruit ?. 26. L. Ledebou'r// Eschsch. suckle. Ledebour's Honev- Jdcntificatinn. Eschsch. Mem. Act. Soc. Petersb., 10. p. 284. ; Hook. et Am. in Beech Voy. pt. p. 14.'). ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. Engraving. Oar Jig. 1000. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., dye. Erect. Branches elongated, acutely tetragonal. Leaves ovate or obiong, somesvhat acu- minated, stiff, pubescent, tomentose on the nerves. Peduncles axillary, 2 — o-flowered. Bracteas 4; 2 outer ones ovate ; 2 inner broad obcordate, pubescent, at length increasing in size. Corollas gibbous at the base on the outside. Berries distinct. (Don's Alill.) An erect deciduous shrub. California. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1838. Flowers yellow, tinged with red ; June and July. Berries dark purple; ripe in September. Very nearly allied to L. invoaicrata. i ¥. lOCO. L. I.'. I'.i'lwiin'f. :l. caprifolia ce^ : LONI CEK^:?. 639 D. .Uey/ics fii'o on each P e din icle, joined fogethci- in one, v/iich is l>i-uinbilicate at the Ape.r. Ereet, bushi/, deciduous Shrubs. — Isika; Adans. Cefit'Cfioii. A name, the origin of wliicli is unknown, emplo}-ed by Adaiison to designate tliia (jiviiion of the genus. a 27. L. alpi'gena H. The alpine Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 248. ; Dec. Prod.. 4. p. 336. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Siiiioni/mis. Caprifoliiim alpinum I.am. Fl. Fr.; Caprifi)lium alpii-'innm Gwrin. Frnct. 1. p. 130. Is'ika alpigena Bbrch.\ Is'i/.a liicida Ma-nch ; Xylosteura alpigcnum Lodd. Cat. ; Clia- iiifficerasus alpigena Delari/.; Cherry Woodbine; Hecken- kirsche, Ger. ; Chamsceraso, Hal. Engravings- Jacq. Fl. Aust., t. 274. ; N. Du Ham., 1. t. IG. ; and our Jigs. 1001. and 1002. Spec. Char., c^r. Erect. Leaves oval-kinceolate or elliptic, acute, glabrous or pube.scent, on very short petioles, rather ciliated. Peduncles 2-flovv- ered, shorter than the leaves. Corolla gibbous at the base, and greenish yellow tinged with red or purple. Berries red, and of the size and appearance of those of a cherry ; whence it is called cherry woodbine by Johnson. Leaves large. (Bon's jMiII.) A large, upright, deciduous shrub. Middle and South of Europe, in sub- alpine places and mountains. Height 3 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 159C. Flowers greenish yellow, tinged with red; April and Maj-. Fruit red ; ripe in August. Vanety. m L. a. 2 sibirica Dec. Prod. iv. p. 336. L. sibirica Vest in licem. et Schult. Syst. 5. . ^,, p. 259. — Lower leaves rather cordate, r-^^^^^ Peduncles thickened a little under the flowers. Like most other varieties of trees and shrubs, natives of the West of Europe, and also indigenous to Siberia, coming into leaf and flower a week, or more, earlier than the species. 28. L. (a.) ihicrophy'lla Willd. The small-leaved Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Si/iwni/mes. L. alpigena fiifvcrs ; L. niontana, and L. niexicana Hort. Lngraviiigs. Led. Fl. Kos. .\\t. 111., t. 213. ; and cur fig. 1003. Spjec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glaucous beneath, rather villous on both surfaces, and sometimes rounded at the base. Peduncles 2-flowered, and shorter than the leaves. Corollas greenish yellow. Berries joined, of a reddish orange colour. The epidermis falls from the branches. (l)on\'; JMill.) An erect shrub. Eastern Siberia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Litroduced in 1818. Flowers greenish yellow; April and May. Fruit reddish orange ; ripe in August. ju 2D. L. oblongifo'lia Hoolc. The oblong-leaved Honeysuckle. IdrnVfication. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amcr., I. p. 284. 1. 100. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. f'ynonyme. Xylosteum oblongifblium Goldie in Edin. Phil. Journ. '). p 232 Fngrnvings. 1001, 1002. L. alp-gena. inu.-,. I., (n ) micro Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., \. t. !00. : and omfig. 1004. ICB-I. I.. ol.lnt-.xSfftiia. 540 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM KRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., S^c. Erect. Leaves oblong or oval, clothed with velvety pu- bescence beneath. Peduncles elongated, erect. Bracteas obsolete. Tube of corolla hairy, gibbous at the base on one side. Limb unequal, deeply 2-lipped ; the upper lip 4-toothed, and the lower one nearly entire. Berries joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the top, bluish black in the dried state, and about the size of a pea. (Doll's Uli//.) An erect shrub. Island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence, about INIontreal ; Lake Winnipeg ; and the western parts of the state of New York. Height 3 ft. to 4 It. Intro- duced in 1823. Flowers yellow , April and May. Fruit bluish black ; ripe in August. Horticultural Society's Gard^p. St "0. L. c^eru'lea L. The h\ue-l)e?ricd Honeysuckle. Ideniifica/wn. Lin. Sp., 34!). ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. ^37. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 4r)0. S>/no>ii/mrx. L. villosa MUM. Cat. p. 22. ; Xyl6steon villosuni Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 106. ; X. Solonw Eaton Man. Bot. p. 51S. ; L. velutina Dec. Prod. 4. p. 337. ; L. altaica Pall. I'l. Itoss. t. 37. ; Xylusteum csruleum canadunse Lam. Diet. 1. p. 731.; X. canadense Dn Ham. .hb.% p. 373. ; Capriftilium ciEidleum Lain. Fl. Fr., Cliama:;cer.isns ccerCllea Dclarb. Fl. Au. ; \.. py. renaica Fall. Fl. Jioss. p. 58 ; L. Pallasn Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111. t. 131. Ciliegia alpina, Hal. Fngravmffs. Bot. Mag., t. 10G5. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 37. ; Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 131. ; and oar /u;s. 100.5. and lOOG. Spec. Char., eye. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, ciliated, stifTish, densely clothed with pubescence while young. Peduncles short, 2-flowered, reflexed in the fructiferous state. Bracteas 2, subulate, longer than the ovaria. Tube of corolla glabrous, short, gibbous on one side at the base ; lobes of limb short, nearly equal. Ber- ries closely joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the apex. Flowers greenish yellow, tubular. Berries elliptic or globose, dark blue, and covered with a kind of bloom. Bark of young shoots purplish. There is no difference between the Ame- 1005. L.ciDrukri. '"icau aiid European plants of this iqog. L.caruira. species. {Dons Mi//.) An erect shrub. Europe, and throughout the woody country of British North America, as far as lat. 66° ; and of Siberia and Kamtschatka. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish yellow; March and Aj)ril. Fruit dark blue ; ripe in August. m 3L L. orientaYis Lam. The Oriental Honeysuckle. Identification. Lam. Diet.. 1. p. 731. ; Dec. Prod.. 4.'p. 3.37. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Si/noni/mc.i. L. caiicasica Pall. Fl. Ross. 1. p. 67. ; L. cKrillea Oiild. Ilin. 1. p. 423., Charafficrrasia oricntalis /anrifiilia Tonrn. Cor. p. 42. Engraving. Our Hg. 1007 from Toiirnefort's specimen in the British Museum Spec. C/iar., S)-c. Erect. Leaves on very shor petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smoothish. Peduncles 2-flowerci.l, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas 2, setaceous. Berries joined in one, didymous and bi-unihihcate at the aj)ex, 10-seeded. Leaves stifRsh, veiny, larger than in L. coerulea. Flowers greenish yellow. {Don's Mi//.) An erect shrub. Iberia and Asia Minor, in woods. Height 3ft. to [) ft. Introduced in 1825. Flou'crs greenish yellow ; April to June. Berries black or dark blue; ripe in September. loor. l. oriemahs. j» 32. L. ibe'rica Bieb. The Georgian Honeysuckle. Idcntilcation. Bieb. PI. Taur., and Suppl., 3n.'5. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. ,357. ; Don's Mil!., 3. p. J-'O. Stjnoni/me. Xylosteon ilu'ricum liicb. Cent. PI. Tiar. 1. t. 13. "cesterKi formiisa. 514 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. '^ 1. L. roRMo'sA JVa/f. Tlie beautifui Leycesteria. Identification. Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind., 2. p. 182. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p.3J8. Don's Mill , 3. p 451. Si/noni/me. Hameho connata Pucrari MSS. Engravings. Plant. As. Rar., 2. t. 120. ; and ourjSg. 1014, Spec. Char., Sfc. As in Gen. Char. A large, rambling, sub-evergreen sliru'j. Nepal, on mountains ; between 6000 ft. and 8000 ft. high, among forests of pine and oak. Height in England, against a wall, 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple; August to October. Fruit purple ; ripe in October. Trained against a wall, this shrub has proved quite hardy, but in our cloudy atmosphere it has rather disappointed expectation in the colour of its bracteas, which are much less brilliant than they appear to be in the Himalayas. Cut- tings or seeds, which are ripened freely, in common soil. Order XLI. i?UBIA^CEiE. Oni). Char. Calyx with a variable limb. Corolla monoj^etalous, with a variable limb, but generally 4 — 3-lobed ; aestivation twisted or valvate. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the corolla, and more or less adnate to its tube. Anthers introrse. ■ Ovarium 2- or many-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Sti/le 1. Stiginas 2. Fruit baccate or capsular. Ce/l.i 1 — 2- or many-seeded. Albumen horny and fleshy. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, stipulate, deciduous. Sti- pules short, distinct, or a little combined. Flowers on peduncles, naked, rising from the axils of the leaves, or from the tops of the branches ; heads globose, in consequence of the flowers being sessile, and seated on a sessile piliferous receptacle. ] This order include.s a great number of genera ; but there is only one of 1 these that contains any ligneous species truly hard}' in British gardens. Genus I. CEPHALA'NTHUS i. The Butt0N-wood. Monogvnia. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Identification. I.in. Oen., No. 113.'; Gtertn. Fruct., 2. t. 86. Lam. II!., t. .50. ; Juss. Mc-m. Mus.,; 0. p. 402. ; Rich. Diss., with a fig. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 610. ; Lodd. Cat., o(i.| 1836. StfiKmymes. Cephalante, Fr. ; Knopflaum Ger. ; Cefalanto, Ital. ] Derivation. From kephaJi, a I'.ead, and ant/ws, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being disposer in globular heads. 1 Gen. Char. ^-c. Caly.v with an obversely pyramidal tube, and an angular 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a slender tube, and a i-cleft limb; lobe; erectish. Stamens 4, short, inserted in the upper part of the tube, hardly exserted. Style much exserted. Stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pvra midal, crowned by the lim.b of the calyx, 2 — 4-? celled, and separating int( 2 — 4 parts ; cells, or parts, 1-seeded, indehiscerit, and soniecinies empty b; abortion. Seeds oblong, terminating in a little callous bladder. (Don's Mill. — A shrub, with terete branches ; native of North America. Leaves and Flowers as in the ortler. 3t 1. C. occiDENTA^Lis L. The Western Button-wood. Identification. Lin. Sp., 138. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. S.-JS. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 610. Synonymcs. C. oppositifftlius Mtvnch Mcth. p. 187. ; Swanij) Globe Flower, Amer. j Eiwravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 54. ; Schmidt .Arb., 1. t. i^. \ and oavfigs. lOl-"). and 1016. I Spec. Char., ($-c. Leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate or oval, acuminates 1^ jj XLII. COMFO SIT.'F. 545 the the Petioles reddish next the branches. Heads of flowers globular, size of a mar- ble. Stipules deciduous. {Don's Peduncles much longer than heads, usually by threes at tops of the branches. 1015. Cephalanthiis occldentalis. lOlC, Mill.') A bushy shrub. Canada to Florida, in marshy places. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers yellowish white ; July and August. Fruit brownish ; ripe in October. Variety. ^ Co. 2 hracJiypodus Dec. Prod. iv. p. 539. — Leaves elliptic-oblong, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles. Petioles 3 — i lines long. There are varieties of this, with either glabrous or dov/ny branches. North of Mexico, near Rio de la Trinidad and Bejar. It will grow in common garden soil, but prefers peat kept moist ; and is propagated chiefly by seeds, but will also grow by cuttings and layers. It is an interesting shrulj, from its curious round heads of flowers, and from the lateness of the season at which these appear. Order XLII. COMPO'SIT^. i Ono. Char. Cali/x limb membranous or wanting ; or divided into bristles, I paleas, or hairs. Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed, tubular, ligulate,-t)r bilabiate on the top of the ovarium.' Anthers combined, rarely free. Ovarium 1- '■ celled, 1-seeded. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit an achenium, crowned by ' the limb of the calyx. Albumen none. Characterised by the cohesion of ■ the anthers, and the arrangement of the flowers in involucrated heads on ' a common receptacle. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, or compound, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or ever green. Flowers grouped in heads ; those in each head so disposed, and so environed by an involucre composed of bracteas that corresponds to a calyx, as to seem to constitute but one flower. i The genera that include hardy ligneous species are mostly natives of Eu- rope and North America : they are all of the easiest propagation and culture in any common garden soil, and are thus contradistinguished : — ST.EHELi\\.-i Lessing. Flowers bisexual. Receptacle with chaffy projections. -Ba'ccharis R. Br. Flowers dioecious, all tubular. Receptacle naked. Pap- pus pilose. I^f'A L. Flowers monoecious, ail tubular. Receptacle flat paleaceous. Achenia naked, but horned. Santoli\n'a L. Receptacle furnished with somewhat flower-clasping pale£E. Achenia naked. ^RTEMi'sw Cass. Receptacle chaffless. Achenia naked. Heads discoid. N N 546 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Styles penciled. Pap- Achenia somewhat beaked. Pappus of iSene^cio Lessing. Receptacle naked, or alveolate. pus pilose, caducous. MuTi's7^ Cav. Receptacle naked. many series, feathery. With the exception of ^accharis, there is scarcely a plant belonging to the order CompositEe which is truly ligneous, and at the same time hardy in British gardens, and sufficiently bulky for a general arboretum. Where an arboretum is planted on a lawn, and where it is not intended to cultivate the soil about the roots of the plants, there is not a single genus in this order, with the exception of that mentioned, wliich could with propriety be introduced. Even the common southernwood, if not planted in dug soil or on rockwork, would soon become stunted, and would ultimately die off. Nevertheless, in a technical enumeration of trees and shrubs, these species could not be omitted. Genus I. L ST^HELPNJ Lessing. The St^helina iEqualis. Ait. Hort. Kew Lin. St/st. Syngenesis eJ. 2., vol. 4. p. 512. Jdeniification. Lessing Synops. Gen. Compos., p. 5, Synonyme. Stfeheline, Fr. and Gcr. Derivation. So named in honoxxx ot John Henry Stcchelin, and his son Benedict, Sv/iss botanists and physicians. Gen, Char.y Sfc. Heads homogamous, equal-flowered. Involucrum cylindrical, the scales imbricated and adpressed. Receptacle flat, paleaceous ; the pales narrow, persistent, hardly concrete at the base. Corolla 5-cleft, re gular. Filament glabrous. Anthers appendiculate at top, bisetose at the base: the tails more or less bearded. Style bearded on the thickened part Stigmas concrete at base, and free at apex, obtuse. Fntit oblong, areolate at apex. Pappus in one series, the hairs combined at the base into i or 6 bundles. {G.JDon.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, hoary or silky beneath Flowers in terminal spikes, usually naked. — Subshrubs, evei- green ; South of Europe , of easy culture in dry soil, and propagated b}: cuttings or seeds. «. 1. S. DU^RIA L. The doubtful, or Rosemary- leaved, Staehelina. Jdeniification. Lin. Sp., 117G. ; Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. .5.; Willd. Sp. PI., 3. p. 1783. Synonyme. ^. rosmarinilblia Cass., according to Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 5. Engravings. Ger. Prov., p. 190. t. 6.; Lam. 111., 6GG. f. 4. ; and ourjig. 1017. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves sessile, linear, finely toothed, tomentose beneath. Inner bracteas of the involucre lanceolate, elongate. (Willd.) An evergreen undershrub. South of Europe. . Height 2 ft. to 3 it. Cultivated in 1640. Flowers purple, fragrant ; June and July. Genus II. J5A''CCHARIS R. Br. The Baccharis, or Ploughmas's Spiken.^RL^ Lin, Syst. Syngenesia Superflua. I Identification. Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 204.; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, vol 5, p. 26. Synmiymes. Bacchante, i^r. .: Baccharis, Gcr. XLii. coMPo'siTiE: j?a'ccHaris. 547 licrivi:tion. From Bacchus, \\\ne\ because of the vinous odour of its root. Pliny says tho root smells of cinnamon : but as the ancients sometimes boiled down their wines, and mixed them with spices, these wines may have had an odour similar to that of the root of the baccliaris. Gen. Char., S^c. Heads many-flowered, dicEcious. Corolla homogamous, tubular. Receptacle naked, seldom subpaleaceous. Involiicruin subhemispherical, or oblong, in many series, imbricated. Corollas of the male flowers o-cleft, dilated at the throat ; anthers exserted, tailless ; stijle more or less abor- tive. Corolla of the female flowers filiform, subtruncate ; style bifid, exserted ; anthers wanting. Achcnia generally furrowed, or ribbed. Pappus pilose, of the male in one series, of the female in one or many series. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; oblong lanceolate, notched, serrated, or entire. Flowers terminal. — Shrubs, of short duration ; natives of North America ; of common culture and propagation. ^ \. B. 7/alimifo'lia L. The Sea-Purslane-leaved Baccharis, or the Groundsel Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1204. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 3. p. 1915. Si/nonyme. Senecio arborescens Hori. Kew. £ngravinr,s. Schmidt Bamn., t. 82. ; Du Ham. Arb., t. 35. ; and our M- 101 s. Spec, Char., ^-c. Leaves obovate, crenately notched on the terminal portion, (llllld.) A large rambling shrub. Maryland to Florida, on the sea coast. Height 8ft. toipft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers white, with a tint of purple, and resembling those of the groundsel, but larger ; September to November. Chiefly remarkable for the glaucous hue of its leaves, in consequence of tiie whole plant being co- vered with a whitish powder. Its general appearance XS^^\f"ij^^^ accords with that of the genus "yi'triplex, and the -'-saa^j/^^w^-.W shrubs of both families are, accordingly, well calcu- lated for being grouped together. i?accharis lra\\- mifolia will grov/ in any common soil which is tolerably dry, attaining the height of 6 or 8 feet in 3 or 4 years ; and forming a large, loose-headed, robust-looking bu.sb, of from 10 ft. to 12 ft. in height, and 12 or 15 feet in diameter, in 10 years. Cut- tings, in dry soil and an open situation. ...^ ^. v ■ . ,■ .- M 2. B. (ii.) ANGUSTiFoYiA Pursh. The narrow-leaved Saccharis, or Plo :igh ?nan's Spikenard. Identification. Pursh Sept., 2. p. 523. Engraving. Gut Jig. 1019. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves narrow, linear, entire. Panicle com- pound, many-flowered. Involucre small. (Pursh.) A sub- evergreen shrub, of less vigorous growth, and somewhat more tender, than the preceding species. Carolina to Florida, on the sea coast, and on the banks of the Mississipni. Height 3ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in IS 12. Flowers white; July to September. Neither the flowers nor the- leaves of this or the preceding species can be said to be either beautiful or ornamental ; partly because they, as well as the seeds, bear a strong general re- semblance to the leaves, flowers, and seeds of the common ^°^^- s- (/..) an- groundsel, a weed cf tiresome occurrence in gardens, and v^^ith ^"^ ''"' which all our associations are the reverse- of those of rarltv or ele-^ance Add also that groundsel trees can hardly be considered as truly fianeous plants' or which reason we consider them wanting in that dignity of character which belongs to all plants truly wood;-. N N 2 546 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITAXNICUM. Genus III. PJ'A L. The Iva. Lin Si/st. Syngenesia Necessaria. Identification. Lin. Gen. PI., 1429. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 5. p 181. Derivation. Uncertain. Perhaps from Yua, a name used by the elder botanists. Gc7i. Char., S^c. Flowers moncecious, male and female on the same head: female ones few on the same head, in a single series around the circum- ference, they are tubular or campanulate ; the male flowers are numerous in the disk, they are tubular and 5-toothed. Jnvolucrum usually 3 — 5- leaved, campanulate. Scales ovate, in one series ; rarely imbricate, with .3 or 4 series of scales. Receptacle fiat, beset with linear or linear spathu- late palese. Styles on the female flowers subulate, exserted, rather hispid; those of the males shorter, and thickened at top. Achenia of the disk abortive, those of the ray a little compressed, naked, but furnished with horns. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, serrated. Flowers in terminal heads, solitary or three together, constituting a folia- ceous terminal raceme. — Suffrutescent deciduous shrubs, with the habit of yJrtemisM, but readily distinguished by the moncEcious flowers. Indigenous in Nortli America, on the banks of rivers. There is only one shrubby species in British gardens. j» 1. /. frute'scens Z. The shrubby Iva. Idenlificntiun. Lin. Amoen. Ac, 3. p. 25. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 3. p. 2387. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 580. Synont/mes. yjgcrato aflfinis peruviana frutescens Pluk. Aim. 12. t. 27. f. 1. ; Bastard Jesuits' Bark Tree Engravings. Pluk. Aim., 12. t. 27. f. 1.; and OMvfig. 1020. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, deeply serrated, rough with dots. {Willd.) A sufiruticose deciduous bush, of little or no beauty in the popular sense of that word. New England to Florida, on the sea coast. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 17 II. Flowers greenish white; August and September. In sheltered dry situations it is tolerably l^iardy ; but, when freely exposed in moist soil, it is apt to be killed to the ground in severe winters. Cuttings. The I\'a frutescens can, however, hardly be considered a truly ligneous plant. 1020. /. fn;tesceni. Genus IV. SANTOLPNA Tourn. The Santolina, or Lavexder Cotton, Lin. S^sl. Syngenesia -.'Equalis. j Identification. Tourn., t. 260. ; Lin. Gen. P!., 1273. ; Less. .S.ra. Gen. Compos., p. a«9. ' Synonymcs. Santoline, Fr. ; Hciligenpflanze, Gcr. ; Santolina, Ital. ■ Derivation. From sanctus, holy, and linum, flax ; so called from its supposed medical qualities. '- Gen. Char., ^-c. Heads many-flowered, sometimes homogamous, and somej times heterogamous. Floivers of the ray few ; female, from abortion ; some- what ligulate. Receptacle convex, subhemispherical, furnished with oblong half-flower-clasping palere. Involucrum usually campanulate, with im bricate adpressed scales. Tube of corolla usually produced at the basf. 4 XLII. COMPO'SIT^: JRTEMI'SIJ. 549 below into a ring or hollow, which girds the top of the ovarium. Jckenia oblong, subtetragonal, quite glabrous. (G. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; small, linear, toothed in rows. Flowers capitate, bractless; yellow, rarely white. — Diminutive evergreen undershnibs, natives of the South of Europe, and aromatic in all then- parts ; of easy culture, and propagation by cuttings, in any poor sandy soil, but of short duration. tt. 1. S. Cham^cypari'ssus L. The Dwarf Cypress Santolina, or common Lavender Cotton. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1179.; Willd. Sp. PI., 3. p. 1797. ; Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 517. '' ^ynmiymcs. Petit C}T>res, Fr. fAhrotano femmina. Ital. ; Cypressenkraut Gcr iLngravings. Lam. 111., 671. t. 3. ; and our Jig. 1021. Spec. Char., Src Branches tomentose. Leaves hoary, toothed ; the teeth ob- tuse, and in four rows. Each peduncle bearing a single head of flowers, which has a downy involucre. (Willd.) A low evergreen bush. South of France, in poor dry soils. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers yellow; |.N^ 1021. S. Chaitiajcjpa rls£us. Introduced in 1573 July. The lavender cotton was common in gar- dens in Gerard's time, who says it is acrid, bitter, and aro- matic, and has much the same qualities as southernwood. It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, but is now disused. Other Species. — S. sqiiarrosa W., S. viridis W., and S. rosviarinifoUa L. (our Jig. 1022.), are in gardens, but they are better adapted for being treated as herbaceous plants than as shrubs. 1022. S. /osmarimfdiia- Genus V. ^m^ _^a_ ^RTEMFS/.J Cass. The Artemisia. Lin, Si/st. Svngenesia Superflua. Ait. Hort. Kew., Identification. Cassini, according to Lessingin his Synop. Gen. Compos., p. 2C4. ed. 2., V. 5. p. 2. Derivation. From Artemis, one of the names of Diana ; or, as some suppose, from Artemisia, the wife of Mausolus ; there is a cypress-like and drooping character in some of the species, that may be associated with the latter etymology. Gen. Char., Sfc. Heads discoid, homogamous or heterogamous. Flowers of the ray in one series, usually female, 3-lobed. Style bifid, exserted. Flowers of the disk 5-toothed, hermaphrodite, or sterile or male from the abor- tion of the ovarium. Livolucrum imbricate ; scales dry, with scabrous margins. Receptacle chafiless, flattish or convex, naked or hairy. Achenia obovate, naked, with a minute epigynous disk. — Herbs or unclershrubs. The spe- cies are nearly all dispersed through the northern hemisphere. Leaves alternate, variously lobed. Heads disposed in spikes or racemes, and the spikes or racemes usually disposed in panicles. Corollas yellow or purple. Plants more or less bitter or aromatic. {G. Don.) Leaves simple (apparently compound), alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; deeply cut and divided. Flowers terminal. — Woody or sufFrutescent ever- green plants, natives of Europe and Asia ; all of them highly fragrant and aromatic, and of the easiest culture in any dry soil. N N o 550 AltBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUH. ■ZL 1. -^. /Ibro'taxum L. The Abrotanum Artemisia, o?' Southernwood. licntifir.atton. Lfn. Sp., 1185. ; Wilki. Sp. PI., 3. p. ISlS. ; Alt. Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 3. Synoni/mes. Wbv6tanum mas Dod. Pempt. 21.; Old Man; Armoise Auroue, Aurone des Jardins, !,i Citronelle, la Garderobe, Fr. ; Eberraute, Wermutli, Stabwurtz, Gartenwurtz. Ger. ; Abrotanu, Hal., Span., and Port. Derivation. The Greek name for this plant is Abrotonon, which is variously derived from abroton, incorruptible ; from abroton, unfit for food ; from the soft delicacy {abroius) of its ai)pe;trance ; or from abros, soft, and lorios, extension, because it is e.Ktended, or grows in a very soft manner. Why Linnasus and others write it Abrotanum is not known. The name of Old RIan, doubtless, has reference to its grey and powdery appearance. It is called Garderobe in French, from its being used to prevent moths from getting into clothes-presses and wardrobes. Eberraute is boar's rue ; and VVermuth, wormwood ; Stabwurtz means staff root ; and Gartenwurtz garden root. Engraviiigs Blackw., t. 55. ; Woodv., 356. t. ll'J. ; and our ^i'. 1023. Sj^ec. Char., S^-c. Stem straight. Lower leaves bipinnate, upper ones pinnate, with the segments hair-like. Calyxes pubescent, hemispherical. ( IVi/ld.) A suffruticose bush. South of Europe, Siberia, Syria,^ and China. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. in low situations, and in mountains not above half that height, with the branches recumbent. Introduced in 1596. Flowers yellowish ; August to October. Varij?iies. a. A. A. 2 hiimile Hort. is a low-growing spreading shrub, found on mountains in the South of Europe, and retaining its dwarf habit for some years in British gardens. a. A. A. 3 tobohkidnum Hort., A. tobolskiana Lodd. Cat., was introduced from Siberia in 1820 or be- fore, and is a much more vigorous-growing variety, and larger in all its parts, than the species. Well known for its fragrance, which appears to proceed from glandular dots in the leaves. 1025. A, .4brtjtanum. Other Species. — A. arborescens L., a native of the South of France and the Levant, is said to attain the height of 6 or 8 feet, but it is more sufFrutescent than A. -'ibrotanum. A. procera Willd., South of France, is '^ equally ligneous with the common southernwood, and ^ grows to the height of .5 or 6 feet in the Paris garden, where it stands the winter without protection. A. Sa«- tonica L., and our fig. 1024., is a low spreading bush, not exceeding a foot in height. 1024. a. *-am4 L. Coroila ovate, inflated. Anthers bifid at the tip, each lobe with 2 awns. Ovary half-inferior. Hypogynous (? perigynous) scales 10, usually united at the base. Capsule with 5 cells, the dehiscence loculicidal. EpiGiE^ L. Corolla salver-shaped. Capsule with 5 cells. Cle^tiira L. Corolla so deeply 5-parted as to seem 5-petaIed. Filaments membranous. Capsule with 3 cells, many seeds, and a loculicidal dehis- cence. D. The Characteristics as under. > Phaleroca'rpus D. Don. Calyx 4-cleft, with 2 bracteas at its base. Co- rolla short, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens 8. Filaments ? hairy. Anthers semibifid. Hypogynous disk 8-Iobed or 8-toothed. Sect. H. 7?H0D0''RE^. Sect. Char. Calyx not connate with the ovary. Disk nectariferous, hypo- gynous. Buds of inflorescence resembling strobiles in form, and in being scaly. Leaves flat, callous at the extremity of the midrib. /("hodode'xdron D. Don. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat funnel- shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 — 10. Anthers opening by terminal pores. Capsule 5-Velled, 5-valved, opening at the tip. Ka'lm/^ L. Corolla of the sliape of a wide-spread bell, and with 10 cavitie'^ on the inside, in which the anthers of 10 stamens repose before sheddinj: their pollen. Capsule 5-celled. Dissepiments marginal. Menzie's/.^ D. Don. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla globose, ^-cleft. Stamens 8., Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. ! Aza'lea Z). jDo«. Calyx 5-parted Corolla bell-shaped, S-cleft. Stamens 5j Cells of anthers opening Icngthv/ise. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, openin< at top. XLIII. JiRICA CEvE : i'lll CA. 555 ' Leiophy'llum Pcrs. Calyx and corolla deeplj- 5-parted. Stamens 10, [ exserted. Anthers hiieral, opening lengthwise on the inside. Capsule 5- i celled, .5-valved, opening at the tip. Le'dum L. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Corolla in o segments, so deep as to ! seem petals. Stamens 5 — 10, exserted. Anthers opening by pores at the i tip. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the base. Seeds terminating ' in a wing at each end. I I Sect. III. Taccime'-e. Sed. Char. Calyx connate with the ovary. Disk nectariferous, perigynous. Fruit a berr}-. : Tacci'mum L. Calyx -4 — 5-toothed. Corolla pitcher-shaped or bell-shaped, I 4 — 5-cleft. Stamens 8 — 10. Anthers 2-horned ; and, in some, furnished at the back with spreading spurs or bristles. Berry globose, 4 — 5-celled, ; manj'-seeded. I OxYCo'ccus Fers. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4-parted, with the segments ! somewhat linear and revolute. Stamens 8. Filaments conniving. Anthers \ tubular, tripartite. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded. Sect. I. iiRi'cEiE. § i. Yjrice<^ normdles. i In British gardens all the species are propagated by layers or division^ or I by cuttings from the points of the growing shoots planted, but not deep, i in pure sand, and covered with a hand-glass. All the plants require a peaty ' soil, mixed with sand ; a cool subsoil, moist rather than dry ; and an open I airy situation. They also require to be renewed every 3 or 4 years. Genus I. £RrCA D. Don. The Heath. Lin. S?/si. Octandria Monogynia. Mcntification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 790. Synonymes. Exlca. sp. of Linnjeus and other authors ; Bruyere, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. ; Erica, Hal. Derivation. The erica of Plinj' is altered from the ereike of Theophrastus, which is derived from ereikd, to break ; from the supposed quality of some of the species of breaking the stone in the bladder. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, with a naked base. Corolla globose or urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens enclosed. Filaments capillary. Anthers bifid ; cells of anthers opening by an oblong hole, awned or crested at the base or mutic. Stigmas peltate. Capsule 4-celled, manr-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate or verticillate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear or chaffy. Floiucrs terminal, fascicled, or racemose. Pedicels scaly. — Shrubs, duninutive, evergreen, viith hair-hke roots; natives of Europe. a. 1. E. Te'tralix L. The four-leaved Heath. Ih-ntification. Lin. Sp., ed. 2. p. sn7. ; Don's 3Iill., 3. p. 7S2. ^ynonumes. E. botuhf6rmis Sal. in Lin. Soc. Traits. 4. p. 369. ; E. barb&rica Raii Syn. 471. ; E. piimila Park. Thealr. 1483. No. h. ; E. 7"etralix rubra Hnrt. Eric. Woburn. p. 25. ; the cross- leavp.i Hf'atI; ; Sumpf Heide, Ger. ; Scopa di Fior rosso, Ital. Engravings. Curt. Fl. Lond., fasc. 1. t. 21. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1314. ; and our.^^. 1027. o56 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICU.M. Tetralix. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Plant of a grejisli hue. Leaves ciliated, 4 in a whorl. P'lowers in terminal heads. Corolla ovate-globose, about 3 lines long, downy at the tip outside. Spurs of anthers lanceolate. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive evergreen bush. North of Europe, in boggy or moory ground ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers red ; July to September. Vaj'ieties. a. E. T. 1 ri}bra Hort. Eric. Woburn. p. 25. — Corolla pale red. tL E. T. 2 carnea Loudon's H. B. — Corolla of a flesh colour. tt. E. T. 3 alba Hort. Eric. Woburn. p. 25. — Corolla white, e. E. T. 4 il/«r7iaiana. i?. MackaK"i« Bab. Fl. Hiber. p. 181. — It has the leaves and calyx of E. ciHaris, and the flowers of E. Tetralix ; probably a hybrid between the species, Ireland. The badge of the clqn Macdonald, and the species most commonly used for making besoms. SSL 2. jE. cine'rea L. The grey Heath. Identification. Lin. Sp.. ed. 2. p. 501. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 795. Synonymes . E. mutabilis Salisb. in Lin. Trans. 4. p. 369. ; E. hClmilis NecJ;. Gail. 182. ; E. tenui- f61ia Go: 1198. ; E. cincrea rClbra Hort. Eric. IVohurn. p. 5. ; Scopa, Ital. Engravings. Curt. Fl. Loncl., fasc. 1. t. 25. ; Engl. Bot., t. 1015. ; and our y?g. 1028. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corolla ovate-urceo- late. Flowers verticillate, on the naked stems. Crests of anthers ear-formed. Corolla 3 lines long, purple, changing to blue as it fades. This is easil}' distinguished from E. Tetralix by its glaucous deep green hue, and deep purple or sometimes white flowers. {Don's Alill.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. Europe, but not in the south, nor in the extreme north ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers purple, changing to blue as they {ade; July to September. Va}'ieties. sj. E. c. 2 atropiirjnirca Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1409. — Plant dwarf. Flowers deeper purple. E. c. 3 alba Lodd. Cat. — Flowers white. E. c. 4 pallida Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1507. — Flowers pale purple. ' E. c. 5 carnescens Lodd. Cat. — Flowers flesh-coloured. E. c. 6 prolifera Lodd. Cat. — Flowers proliferous. E. c. 7 stricta Lodd. Cat. — Branches erect. a. 102S. E. cineres. •a. ■n. The badge of the clan Macalister. Readily distinguished from by its glabrous deep green hue, and deep purple flowers. s 3. E. austraYis L. The southern Heath Identification. Lin. Mant., p. 231. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 795. Syncmymc. E. pistilliiris Sal. in Lin. Soc. Trans. G. p. 3G8. Engravings. Amir. Heaths, 3. t. 21.; Bot. Cab., t. 1472. ; and our fig. 1029. Spec. Char., S)-r. A shrub, 3 ft. to 6 ft. high. Leaves 4 in a whorl, scabrous, spreading, mucronate. Flowers terminal, small. Corolla purplish red, 3 lines long, with a curved funnel-shaped tube, and a recurved limb. Pedicels beset with gemmaceous bracteas. Anthers crested. {Don's Mill.) An erect pyramidal shrub. Spain and Portugal. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Litroduced in 1709. Flowers red; April to August. ] 029. E. .luslr.Hlis. XLIII. ^UJCA CE^. : GYPSOCA LLIS. 557 One of the most showj- of all the arboreous hcatiis, and flowering pro- fusely when planted in an open situation. It. 4. E. cilia'ris L. The ciliate-/rar«/ Heath. Jdcntificntion. Lin. Sp ,"ed. I. p. 3.54. ; Don's IMiU., p. 798. Engravings. But. Mag., t. 484. ; Eng. Bot. Sujipl., t. 2G1S. ; and our fig. 1030. ilpcc. Char., ^-c. Leaves 3 in a whorl, ovite, glan- dularly ciliate, spreading, rather remote. Flowers tenuinal, subracemose, directed to one side. Brac- teas sessile, approximate to the calyx. Segments of calyx spathulate, ciliate. Corolla smooth, ovate, more ventricose on the upper side, 4 lines long, pale red. Style prominent. (JJon^s Mi/l.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. Portugal, and Eng- land, in Cornwall. Height G in. to 1 ft. Flowers pale red ; August and September. A comparatively rare and very beautiful species. Genus II. 1050. E. ellliiris. GYPSOCA'LLIS Sal. The Gypsocallis, or Moor Heath. Lin. Sijst. Octandria Monogynia. I Identification. Salisbury's MSS. ; D. Don in E. Phil. Joiirn., 17. p. 153. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 800. , Synonyyne. £rice;e sp. of other authors. 1 Derivation. " From gvpsos, lime, and kal/islos, most beautiful ; the species are very elegant, and generally inhabit calcareous districts." {Don's Mill.) Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, glumaceous, naked at the base. Corolla cam- panulate, or short tubular, with a dilated mouth. Stamens exserted ; fila- ments flattened or filiform. Anthers bipartite, having the cells mutic at the I base, distinct and substipulate, dehiscing by an oblique pore. Stigma simple. : Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. {Don^s Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, whorled, lateral or terminal. Floiuers crowded. — Shrubs, diminutive, evergreen; natives of I Europe and Africa. This genus is easily distinguished from £'rica, by the exserted anthers, flattened filaments, and simple stigma. a. 1. G va'gans Sal. The wandering Gypsocallis, or Cornish Moor Heath. Identification. Sal. MSS. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 800. Synonijmes. E. vasaiis Lin. Mant. 2. p. 230. ; E. vaga Snl. in Lin. Soc. Trans. G. p. 344. ; E multiflfira Huds. Fl. .inglica 1. C6. ; E. didyma Stokes in IVithcring's Bot. Arrangement iOO . ; E. purpurascens Lam. Did. 1. p. 488. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 3. ; Bull. Fl. Par., t. 203. ; and onr Jig. 1031. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem glabrous. Leaves 4 — 3 in a whorl, con tiguous, glabrous. Flowers small, upon footstalks, axillary, -^^^ mostly 2 in an axil, and those of any branch seeming as if dis-'^^i ) osed in a raceme, from the flowers being stalked and produced irom axils near one another. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Corolla short, bell-shaped. (Don's MiJl.) A diminutive ever- , green shrub. England, in Cornwall; and the South of France I and North of Africa. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers pale [lurplish red ; July to September. I I'arieties. la. G. V, 2 pallida. 103: Corolla pale red. (Bon's Mill.) a. G. V. S'rtihcscens Bree, Loud. H. B. ed. 2. p. 588. — Corolla rubescent. 55S auboretum f.t fruticetum britannicum. e. G. ?;. 4 jmrpurascens Bree, Loud. H. B. ed. 2. p. 5S8. — Corolla purplish, a. G.v. 5 alba. — Flowers axillary. Corolla white. {Bans Mill.) ^ G.v. 6 tenella. — Flowers terminating the small branches. Corolla white. {Don's Mill.) e. 2. G. MULTiFLO^RA D. Don. The many-flowered Gypsocallis, or Moor Heath. Identification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Journ., July ]834. ; Don's Jlill., 3. p.SOL Sijnmyiiics. -Erica raultiflbra Lin. Sp. ed. 1. p. 35.5. ; £. ^'uniperifMia, cS:c. Garidcl Aix. p. 100. t. 32. ; E. niultifl6ra longipedicellata IVcndl. Eric. I'asc. 5. p. 7. ; £. peduncularis Fresl ; Scopa grande rosso. Ital. Engravings. Bot. Cab.; t. 1572. ; and our^i'. 1032. Sjiec. Char., ^c. Leaves 4 — 5 in a whorl, glabrous, linear. Flowers axillary, disposed in a racemose corymb. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Corolla lA to 2 lines lonir, pale red, bell-shaped, with a reflexed limb. Pe- dicel twice as long as the corolla. Anthers black, their orifices near the tip. (Don\s Mill.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. France, Spain, and the South of Europe generally. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Litroduce " in 175L Flowers pale red; May or June; and, under favourable circumstances, till November or De- cember. Capsule brown. Like other heaths, to flower freely, it requires to be kept in a cool, open,. airy situation, in wiiich it v,'ill attain the height of 2 ft. 103'2. G. multifttra. e. O. G. ca'rne.v D. Dun. The He'sh-colour-^o we>-ed Gypsocallis, Heath. Moor i Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. .Tourn., Synoni/mcs. £rlca carnea Liyi. Sp. ed. 2. p. 50-1. ; E. in Lin. Sue. Trans. 6. p. 343. July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 801. herbdcea Li7i. Diss. No. 57 E. saxatilis Sal\ 1053. G. curnea. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. U. ; Jacq. Fl. Austr., 1. f. 31. ; Cot Cab., t. 1452. ; and our figs. 1033. I Spec. Ghar., S(c. Stems and branches prostrate^ Leaves 3 — 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous! sharply reduplicate. Flowers axillary, droopj ing, disposed in racemes, and directed. to oiia side, pale, red. Bracteas remote from th« calyx. Corollas conical, 2^ lines. Anther with an orifice extending from the middle tj the tip. {Don's Mill.) A diminutive, pra cumbent, evergreen shrub. South of German and Switzerland, and North Wales. Heig!« G in. Cultivated in 17G3. Flowers pale rcdi January to April. £V 4. G. mediterka'neaD. Z)o«. The Mediter- ranean Gypsocallis, or Moor Heath. Idt-ntification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., July, 1834 j Don'sMill., 3. p. Sill. Synoni/nus. Et\cx\ mediterrinea Lin. Ulant. p. 229. ; E. lilgubris ' Snl. in Lin. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 343. Engravings. Bot. Slag., t. 471. ; and our j?"-. 1034. ' Spec. Char., c^-c. A shrub, 4 ft. to 6 ft. high. Leaves 4 — 5 in a whorl, linear, cuneate, glabrous. Flow- ers axillarj', disposed in the manner of a raceme, directed to the lower side, so nodding Bracteas above the middle of the pedicels. Corolla pitcher- shaped, red. Anthers dark, foraminosc from the 1031. G. moditerrimea- 1; II XLIII. ^RICA CE.E : CALLU NA. 559 middle. (Don's Mill.) A pyramidal shrub. South of Europe, in the region of the JMeiliterranean ; and Cunnemara, on the western coast of Ireland, Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. sometimes 10 ft. Cultivated in 1596. Flowers red, with dark anthers ; March to May. The hardiest of arboreous heaths in Eritish gardens ; though plants at Syon, which had stood upwards of half a century, and were above 10 ft. high, were killed to the ground by the winter of 1837-8. Genus III. 'Q& — I CALLU^NA Sal. The Callun'a. Lin. Sj/st. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. S;i!isbury in Lin. Soc. Trans., G. p. 317. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 828. Synonyme. £rlca sp. Lin, ayid others. Derivation. The name of CallOna is derived from kalluno, which, as Sir J. E. Smith objerves, " is doubly suitable ; whether, with Mr. Salisbury and Dr. Hull, we take it to express a cleansing property, brooms being made of ling ; or whether we adopt the more common sense of the word, to ornament or adorn, which is very applicable to the flowers." {Eng. Flora, ii. p. 224.) Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, membranous, coloured, furnished with 4 bracteas at the base. Corolla carapanulate, 4-lobed, shorter than the calyx. Staineiis enclosed. Filaments dilated. Anthers bipartite, biappendiculate at the base; cells of anthers mucronulate, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Capsule with a septicidal dehiscence. Seeds ovoid, smooth. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, trigonal, obtuse, very short, imbricating in 4 rows, having the margins revolute, and tlit- base sagittate. Flowers disposed in long, terminal, spicate racemes. — Undcr- shrub, small, spreading ; native of Europe on poor soils. 7. A. p. angustifulia. 103S. A. p.RranQiflora. 1039. A. p. latifolia, 1010. A. p. revolilta. a. yl. p. 6 revoluta Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 725., and our fg. 10-10., has the flowers bent back, i tt. A. p. 7 scotica is common in Scotland, a. yl. p. 8 stricta has the branches erect. j Cultivated in gardens in moist i>caty soil ; and it is only in such a soil, and 'in an open airy situation, that it can be preserved for any length of time. a. 2. A. tjosmarimfo'lia Pursh. The Rosemary-leaved Andromeda. Identification. Pursh Fl. Arr.er. Sept., 1. p. 291. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 829. fSnnoiii/me. A. polif&lia Mic/ix. Fl. I3or. Jnier. 2. p. 2^4. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. p. .53. t. 70. f. B. ; and our^^. 10-11. ]S]jec. Char., cS'c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, convex, re- i volute, white beneath, and canescent above. Corollas [ nearly globose. Calycine segments oblong red. Flow- I ers white, tinged with red. (Don's Mill.) A diminu- tive evergreen shrub. Newfoundland and Labrador. ; Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced ? 1790. Flowers white, ! tinged with red ; June. i Andromeda. DriimmondW Hook., Gard, Mag. 1840 ■).4., is a slender-growing plant, with the young leaves |md .shoots covered with a scurf, like that which is found m the i?laeagnus. Horticultural Society's Garden. 1 04 1 . A . rosmarimf6!in. Genus V. —&^J I %T> 1 JASSrOP^ D. Don. The Cassiope. Lin. Si/st. Decandria Monogynia. Jinlificalion. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Joarn., 17. p. 157. ; Don's JNlill., 3. p. 829. inunyme. Andrdmedn sp. Lin., Pall. derivation. From Cassiope, wife of Cepheus, and mother of Andromeda, whose foolish boast that lier beauty was superior to that of the Nereides, provoked the wrath of Neptune. ',cn. Char. Calt/.r 5-leaved; leaves imbricated at the base. Corolla campanu- i late, 5-cleft. Stamens 10, enclosed ; filaments glabrous ; cells of anthers i short, tumid, furnished with one awn each. St^le dilated at the base. I Stigma obtuse. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence ; valves bifid at the apex. Placenta 5-lobed ; lobes simple. Seeds oblong, compressed, shining. {Don's Mill.) I Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; very small, acerose, jimbricated. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, rose-coloured, lateral or ter- [minal. — Shrubs, small, heath-like; natives of Asia and North America. SW 1. C. HYPNOiDES D. Don. The Hypniim-like Cassiope. •ntificaiion. D. Don in Rd. Phil. Journ., 17. p. l.'>7. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 829. fonyme. Andromeda AyP"o"'des Lin. Sp. 5f)3. \gravijigs. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 73. f. 2. ; Bot. Mag., t. 293G. ; and oarjig. 1042. 'Cc. Char., Sf-c. A small creeping shrub, resembling a kind of moss. Leaves o o .56-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. loose, flat, and needle-like. Flowers small, with a red calyx and white corolla. (Dons Mill.) A diminutive creeping ever- green shi'ub. Lapland, Denmark, and Siberia, on the moun- tains, where it covers whole tracts of land ; and on the north-west coast of North America. Height 6 in. Intro. . 1 798. Flowers white, tinged with red ; June and July. Rare in British gardens. a. 2. C.tetrago'na Z). Z>o7i. The 4-cornered-6j'ancA6'C? Cassiope. Identification. D Don in Ed. New Phil. Jour., 17. p. 157. ; Don's Mill., 3.p. 829. Synunyme, Andrdraedu tetragbna hin. Sp. 563. Erifiravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 73. f. 4. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3181. ; and our ^^.1043. 1042. C.AypnSldes, Sjjec. Char., c^-f. Leaf obtuse, minutely ciliated, its margin revolute, in such a manner as to render the leaf tumid, and somewhat 2-celled. Leaves adpressediy imbricate in 4- rows, and into a 4- cornered column, of which the stem or branch is the axis and support. (Doii^s Mill.) A diminutive creeping evergreen shrub. Lapland, Siberia, North America, from Canada to the north-west coast. Height Gin. Litroduced in 1810. Flowers white, 1043. c. tetragona. tiugcd with red ; March and April. Lodd. tL 3. C. LYcoPoDiorDES Z). Do7i. The Club-Moss-like Cassiope. Identification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 157.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 829. g Synonyme. Andr6medu lycopodiuldes Pall. Fl. Ross. p. 5.5. Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. c, t. 73. fig. 1. ; and our Jig. 1044. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, adpressed, im- bricated in 4 rows. {Don's Mill.) A diminu- tive, evergreen, moss-like, creeping shrub. j Siberia, and the Island of St. Lawrence.! Height 6 in. Introduced ?. Flowers red ;j June and July. i 1014. C. lycopodioides. a. 4. C. £RicoiDES D. Don. The Heath-like Cassiope. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 157. ; Don's Mill, 3. p. 829. Synonyme. Andr6med« ericiildps Fall Ross. p. 56. Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. c, t. 73. f. 3. ; and our^i^. 1045. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves awned, setosely* ciliated. Peduncles glabrous. (Don's jMill.) A diminutive cree[)ing, evergreen shrub. Dahuria and Kamtschatka. Height 6 in. Intro- duced ?. Flowers not seen. C. fastigidta D. Don, a native of Nepal, and C. Red6ivslc\ G. Don, a native of the East of Siberia, are described in our first edition, but they have not yet been introduced. Genus VI. CASSA'NDRJ D. Don. The Cassandra. Lin. St/st. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 137. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8:30. Synonyme. Andrumedn sp. Lin. and others. Derivation. The nanie of a daufjhter of Priam and Hecuba. Gen. Char. Calyx 3-leaved, bibracteatc at the base ; leaflets imbricated | XLin. erica'ce.e: zeno^bi^. 563 tlie base. Corolla oblong, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, enclosed ; filaments glabrous, simple at the base ; cells of anthers elon- gated, and tubular at the apex, mutic. Stigma annular, with a 3-tubereled disk. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 3-lobed ; lobes simple. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, on short pe- tioles. Flowers axillar}-, on short pedicels, drooping, snow white, disposed in the manner of racemes at the tips of the branches. — Undershrubs, evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. 1. C. calyculaVa D. Don. The calyculated Cassandra. p. 157. ; Don's Mil)., 3. p. S30. low •Jdentification. D. Don in Edinb. Naw Phil. Journ., 17 ^ynoni/me. Andr6medrt calyculata I,m. Sp. 565. VSngravings. Pall. Fl. Koss., 2. t. 71. f. i. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1464. ; and our^g. 1046. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, ob- soletely serrulated, rusty beneath. Racemes recurved, leafy. Bracteas of the calyx (these constitute the calyculus, or secondary and outer calyx, implied by the term calyculata) broad, ovate, acuminate. Co- rollas oblong-cylindrical. (Doit's Mill.) A evergreen shrub. North America, from Canada to Virginia, and also in the North of Europe and Si- beria. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introd. in 1748. Flowers white j April and May. Varieties. tt. C c. 1 ventricosa Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1286.— Corolla in- 1046. c.caiycuiiita flated. H. C. c. 2 latifolia Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 530., and ourj^cr. 1047. — Leaf broad. B. C. c. 3 nana Sims Bot. Mag. t. 862., Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 826. — Dwarf. 1047. C. c. latifolia. The narrow- !j« 2. C. (C.) ANGUSTIFO^LIA G. Don. '■ leaved Cassandra. \entification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. ^•nanytnes. Andrdrneda calyculata /3 angustifblia Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 70. ; A. angustifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 291. ; A. crispa \Desf. et Link. r r , v n^raving. Ouxfig. 1048. )ec. Char., S;c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, the 'edges somewhat waved and revolute, the under j hiirface rusty. Racemes recurved, leafy. Bracteas 'of calyx minute. Corollas oblong-ovate. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. Carolina and , Georgia, in open swamps. Height 2 ft. Litro- ciuced in 1748. Flowers white ; April and May. Genus VII. 1048. C. (c.l angusUfoHa. I'ENO'BU D. Don. The Zenobia. Un. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. lirfication. D. Don in Edinb. New PhU. Journ., July, 1834 : Don's Mill. 3 n 830 tyme. Andromeda sp. Michaux. , r ou. lotion. From Zenobia, a queen of Palmyra, distinguished for her rirtue and learnmg. . Char. Calyx 3-lobed. Corolla carnpanulate ; limb revolute, 3-lobed. ^tamens 10 ; filaments glabrous, dilated at the base ; cells of anthers 002 564 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. aggregate. elongated, tubular, biaristate at the apex. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 5-lobed : lobes cuncated, thick, a little arched. Sccdn angular. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; scattered, dilated, with | the margins usually toothed. Flowers racemose. Pedicels solitary or i -Undershrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America. j» 1. Z. sPECio^SA D. Don. The showy-cowered Zenobia. ^denlification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Si/nonyme. Andr6nieda specibsa Michx. Fl. Bur. Amer. 256. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. .'i.51. ; and our fig. 1049. Spec. Char., S^-c. Leaves oval, obtuse, mucronate, crenate, or serrate, veiny. Flowers white, drooping, disposed in racemes. Branches in the flower-bearing part naked of leaves. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North Carolina, in swamps. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers large, white ; June. 1019. Z. speciosa. 10.50. Z. s. nitida, 1051. Z.s. pulvenilenta. Varieties. Z. s. 2 nitida. A. s. nitida Pur.sh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 294. ; A, cassineioWa Vent. Malm. 79. ; and our fg. 1050. — Leaves oblong- ovate, serrate, green on both surfaces. Flower.s white. Z, s. 3 pxdverulenta. A. speciosa pulverulenta Pursh 1. c. ; A. pul verulenta Bartram Itin. 476. ; A. cassine^oXxa fi Vent. Hort. Cels. 60.; A. speciosa var. y glauca Wats. Bend. Brit. t. 26. ; A. dealbata Li7idl. Bot. Reg. t. 1010.; A. avata Soland MS. in Herb. Banks.. and our //g. 1051. — Leaves roundish-ovate, distantly crenate, co vered with white powder, as are the branches. Flowers white. Genus VIII. \1_ LYO N/J Nutt. TjiE Lyonia. Lin. Si/.st. Dccandria Monogynia. Iilrnlificalion. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 268. ; Ed Phil. Journ., 17. p. 158.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. ^!/no»i/me. Andromeda sp. J in. and various auf/iors. Derivation. In commemoration oi John Lyon, an indefatigable collector of North American pl.-int; who fell a victim to a dangerous epidemic amidst those savage and romantic mountains whic had so often been the theatre of his labours. Gen. Char. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla ovate or tubular, with a 5-toothed con tracted mouth. Stamens enclosed ; filaments flattened, dilated, very shori downy ; cells of anthers membranous, dehiscing lengthwise, altogetha mutic. Slijle robust, pentagonal, fu.siform, thickeneil at bottom. 5^^''''.> simple, truncate. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, with a loculicidal dehif i XLIII. £RICA CE.'E : LYO'bilJ. 565 cence; margins of valves closed by 5 other external nerve valves. Seeds aciciilar, imbricated. (Don's- Mi//,) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous; usually membranous and downy. F/owers for the most part terminal, disposed in racemose panicles. — Shrubs, natives of North America. ' A. Leaves evergreen. 0 1. L. ferrugi'nea Nutt. The rusty-looking Lyonia. Idnilification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., p. 266. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Sijnoinjmcs. .\ndr6meda I'errugi'nea Walt. Fl. 138. ; A. ferruginea /S fruticbsa Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 252. lEngravings. Vent. Malm., t. 80. ; and our Jig. 1052. \Spec. C/iar., ^c. Shrubby, evergreen. Leaves on long pe- ' tides, coriaceous, obovate, usually obtuse, quite entire, with hardly revolute edges, and covered with brown, umbilicate, bran-iike scales, as is every other part of the plant. Flowers axillary, 3 or 5 together, upon pedicels. (Jorolla small, ovate, globose, white inside, rusty-looking outside. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Georgia, Florida, and Mexico, in pine woods. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1784. , Flowers white ; June and July. 1052. L. femiginea. j « ? 2. L. ri'gid.4 Kutt. The rigid-Zeaved Lyonia. identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 266. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Mjmniymes. Andromeda ferruginea Willd. Sp. 2. p. 609. ; A. ferruginea 1 arborescens Michx. Fl. 1 Bor. Amer. 1. p. 252. ; A. rigida Flush Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 292. y.ngraviiigs Bot. Cab., t. 430. ; and our fig. 1053. Spec. Char.., Sfc. Leaves crowded, coriaceous, rigid ; their petioles short ; their disks cuneate-lanceolate, acute, entire, convex, with revolute edgesj 1 and clothed with brown, umbilicate, bran-like scales, as is i every other part of the plant. Flowers produced, in Britain, i in April and May ; axillary, several together. Corolla globose, i white inside. Closely akin to L. ferruginea ; but the two : are distinguishable by their different habits, especially by '■ their times of flowering. (Do?i's Mi//.) An arborescent , everf;i-een shrub or low tree. Carolina and Florida, in barren sandy woods. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. ; in British gardens ■ 3 ft. to 3 ft. Litroduced in 1744. Flowers white; April • and May. Capsule brown. Nearly allied to the preceding species, but of a different habit, '.d flowering at a different season. loss. l. rigida. m.vruinaVa D. Don. The marginated-leaved Lyonia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Syrtonymes. Andr6meda marginita Du Ham. Arb. ; A. coriacea IVilld. Sp. 2. p. 613., ^rt. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 70. ; A. lucida Lam. Encyc. 1. p. 157. ; A. mariana Jacq. Icon. II..,: 3. t. 465. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1095. ; Jacq. Icon. Rar. t. 405. ■, aud oni fig. 1054. Spec. Char., S^c. Branch- lets indistinctly 3- sided. Leaves coria- ceous, oval, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, and very finely punc- tured ; with the mid- rib running through the defiexed margin.. Flowers upon pedi- o o 3 ir.arginnta. 566 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. eels, axillary, aggregate. Calyx of a dark red colour, its segments long, linear.' Corolla cylindrical, pale red. (Don^s Milt.) A small evergreen glabrousj shrub. Carolina and Florida, in sandy forests. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; June and July. I Variety. ^ L. VI. 2 rubra Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 672. » and owe fig. 1053. — Flower deep red. B. Leaves deciduous. _ti 4. L. maria'na D. Don. Idfntification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159 Si/nonymr. Andromeda mariina Lin. Sp. .Wl. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1579. ; and our Jig. 1056. The Maryland Lyonia. . ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Spec. Char. glabrous. 1056. L. mariana. Variety. Sfc. Leaves deciduous, oval, acutish at both ends, entire rather coriaceous, paler beneath. Flower-bearing branche; almost leafless. Flowers on pedicels, aggregate, large, white, sometimes tinged with red. Calyx leafy. Corolla ovate- cylindrical. Capsule conoid. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous low shrub. New England to Florida, in woods and dry swamps, espe- cially in sandy soil. Height 2 ft. or upwards. Introduced in 1736. Flowers large, white, sometimes tinged with red ; May to August. 1057. L. m. oliWufsa. L. 111. 2 oblonga Swt.,and our ^g. 1057., has oblong leaves. Hi 5. L. RACEMO^SA D. Don. The racemose^oi^;^-^^ Lyonia. Journ., 17. p. 159 1058. Ij. racem^sa. Identificalion. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil Don's Mill., 3 p 831. Synunymes. Andromedn racembsa Lin. .9p. 564., L^Hirit. Stir 2. t. 13. ; A. paniculfita IValt. Car. 138., Grunov. Virg.^. Engravings. L'H(5rit. Stirp., 2. t. 13. ; and onvjig. 1058. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, oval-lanceolat acute, serrulate, membranous, glabrous. Flowej white. Spikes terminal, secund, elongated, siniplj or branched. Bracteas linear, acute, two at tli base of a calyx, which is acute. Corolla cyli drical. (Don's Mdl.) A deciduous shrub. C nada to Carolina, in bogs and swamps. Heig 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers wliii| sweet-scented; June and July A very desirable spe- cies. According to Fursh it is reckoned one of the P- I finest shrubs in America, from tlie graceful pearance of its flowers, and their fine odour. 5f 6. L. ARBO^REA D. Don. The Tree Lyonia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159., Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Synonymc. Andrdmeda arb6rea Lin. Sp. 5G5. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 905. ; and our fig. 1059. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches taper. Leaves de- ciduous, oblong, acuminate, serrate, with mu. lU.'iLI. L- arliorca i XLIll. £RICA CEiE : LYO N/^. 567 cronate teeth, glabrous, acid. Flowers in terminal panicles of many racemes. Corollas white, ovoid-cylindrical, downy. (Do7i's Mi//.) A deciduous tree. Pennsylvania to Florida, in the valleys of the Alleghany Mountains. Height in America 40 ft. to 60 ft.,; in England 10 ft. to 20 ft Introduced in 1752. Flowers white ; June and July. The leaves have a very pleasant acid taste, from which the species has betn called the sorrel-tree. In America they are frequently made use of by huntere in the mountains to alleviate thirst. it 7. L. panicula'ta N'tdt. The panicled-^owered Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gea Amer., 1. p. 266.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Synonyme. Andromeda paniculita Lin. Sp. 564. Engravings. L'Herit. Stirp. Nov., 2. t. 12. ; Dend. Brit., t. 37. ; and our fig. 1060. Spec. Char., S^c. Downy. Leaves deciduous, obovate- lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, almost entire, the upper surliice of the older leaves nearly glabrous. Flower-bearing branches terminal, panicled, nearly- naked of leaves. Flowers small, in peduncled ra- cemes. Corollas nearly globose, downy, white. (Don's Mi//.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Carolina, in all swamps and woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1748. Flowers small, white; June and July. L. panicuiata. j» 8. L. 5ALICIF0LIA Wats. The Willow-leaved Lyonia. i f Ideniification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 38. * Engravings. Dend. Brit, t. 38. ; and our^fg. 1061. Spec. C/iar., Sfc. Leaves alternate, long-lanceolate, acuminate, scarcely serrulate, shining, strewed with a few short gland-like hairs. Racemes of flowers compound, alternately sessile on the terminal branches. Flowers white, 1-petaled, gloiiular, con- tracted at the mouth. (Wats.) A desirable species, nearly allied to L. panicuiata, but which is less remarkable in point of floral beautj', than for its fine shining foliage. Native country "?. Height 3 ft. 1 to 4 ft. Flowers white ; June and July. 1061. I., salicifblia. lOei. L. (p.) frondosi. jt 9. L. (p.) FRONDO'SA Nutt. The brauchy Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 267. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Synonyme. Andromeda frtmdbsa Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1 . p. 29.*). Engraving. Oar fig. 1062. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. C/iar., Sfc. Densely villose with whitish hairs. Leaves deciduous, oblong or oblong ovate, blunt or acutish, often rusty, prominently veined ; the lateral margins revolute, entire, and rough. Flowers white, in a terminal leafly panicle. Corollas globose, hispid or downy. (Dons Mi//.) An upright deciduous shrub. Virginia and Carolina. Height 3 (t. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; May and June. 10. L. (p.) multiflo'ra Wats. The many-flowered Lyonia. i'lentijkalion. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 128. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. f^igravings. Dend. Brit., t. 128. ; and our fig. 10C3. ^pcc. Cliar., ^c. Leaves deciduous, narrow, lanceolate, serrate, sprinkled with hair-like atoms. Flowers numerous, small, white, disposed in terminal pa- o o 4 568 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. nicies, that are composed of numerous grouped racemes. {Doii'ii Mill.) An upright deciduous shrub. North America. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white: July. 11. L. (p.) capre*;fo'lia Wats. Willow-leaved Lyonia. The Goat- Identification. Wats. Deiid. Brit., t. 127.; Don's Mill., 3. p. S31. ■ Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 127. ; and our /g. 1064. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves deciduous, coriace- ous, elHptic, with a termination, serrulate, and sprinkled with short fleshy hairs. Flowers dis- posed in racemes and corymbs that are mi.xed, lateral, and leafy. Corollas rather silky, globu- lar, coarctate. (^Dviis Mill.) An erect decidu- ous shrub. North America. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 181-2. Flowers white; July. 10G3. L. (p.) multifl6ra. short acuminate 1064. L. (p.) caprejfcfulia. Genus IX. L LEUCO'THO£ D. Don. The Leucothoe. Liri. St/sL Decandria Monogynia. Identification. D. Don in Edlnli. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. S;/no7).yme. Andr6med« sp. of previous authors. Dciivalion . Leucothoe was a beautiful nj'mph, beloved by Apollo ; who was buried alive by her father when he discovered her amour, and changed into the tree that bears the frankincense by her lover. (Ovid. Jl/ei., iv. 196.) Leucothoe vi as, also a name given to Ino after she was changed into a sea deity. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves imbricated at the base. Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. Stavieois enclosed ; filaments dilated, flattened, downy ; cells of anthers short, truncate, mutic. Sligma simple, capitate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. (Doit's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; coriaceous, dcntately spi- nulose. Flowers white, racemose, axillary' or terminal. — Shrubs, evergreen, low ; natives of North America. n. 1. L. AxiLL.^^Ris Z>. Dun. The axillary -?•«(•«»<■^ : ARBUTUS. 578 Gartl. 2d ser. t. 276. — flowers white. Discovered in Cuiine- niara, in 1820, growing along with the common vai'icty. Genus XIV. v^'RBUTUS Camer. The Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Camer. Epit., p. 163. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 834. Syiiunyines. .^ndrachne Clus. ; .J'rbutus sp. Liri. Gen. No. 750. ; Arbousier, Fr. ; Sandbeere, [ Gcr. ; Abbatro, Ital. VOciivtilion. From ar bois, austere bush, Celtic ; in allusion to the austere quality of the fruit. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose, or ovately campanulate ; limb 5-clett, reflexed. Stamens 10, enclosed. Anthers compressed on the side.s. dehiscing by two pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the apex, where they are furnished with two reflexed awns. Ovarium seated on a hypogynous disk, or half-immersed in it, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1. Stigma obtuse. Berry nearly globose, granular. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; serrated or entire. Floiuers I in racemes, terminal, panicled, pedicellate, bracteate, with white or flesh coloured corollas. — Trees and shrubs, evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America. I They are of easy culture, in sandy loam, or loam and peat ; and they are 'eadily propagated, the common kinds by layers, cuttings, or seeds, and the iarer and tenderer sorts by grafting on those that are more common and hardy. \.ll the species have the outer bark more or less tinged with red, and scaly. I it 1 1. J. CTnedo L. The Unedo Arbutus, or Straivbcrry Tree. [dmlification. Lin. Sp., ."ieG. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 134. '.ynonymes. L' Arbousier commun, Arbousier des Pyrenees, or Frai^ier en Arbre, Fr. ; Erdbeere- 1 artige Sandbeere, Ger. ; Komaa, Mod. Greet:. f^ngravings. Eng. Boi., t. 2377. ; and our Jig. 1077. 'pec. Char., Sfc. Arboreous. Branch- 1 lets clothed with glandular hairs. j Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, serrulated. Flowers nodding. Pe- duncles smooth. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. South I of Europe, Palestine, and Ireland, i in the county of Kerry, near the Lake of Killarney, on barren lime- I stone rocks, where the country people eat the fruit. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers white ; Septem- ber and December. Fruit large, scarlet ; ripe in December. metics. • t A. U. 1 dlbus Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 71. — Flowers white. This is the com- mon sort, raised in nurseries by seed. of a greenish or yellowish white, and colour of the fruit, also, varies in a similar manner. • S A. U. 2 ruber Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 71. — Flowers reddish. This is the handsomest variety in cultivation. It is commonly propagated by layers, or by grafting on the species, and sometimes by cuttings. • A. U. 3 plcnus Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 71. — Flowers semidouble. /I'rl'Utu* t/Vedo. The flowers are sometimes sometimes reddish. The 574 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. «t A. U. 4 schizo2Jetalus. — Corolla cut into more than the number (5) of sei^ments constant to the corolla of the species. Hort. Soc. Garden. m. A. U. 5 integrifdlius. ( Sims Bot. Mag., t. 23 1 9. and our fig. 1978.) — Leaves entire. Hort. Soc. Gard. « A. U. 6 crispus. — Leaves curled and cut, and the plant dwarf. tt A. U. 7 salic/foliiis — Leaves narrow, very distinct. The common arbutus will grow to the height of 20 or 30 feet ; but, unless pruned to a single stem, it assumes more the character of a huge bush than that of a regular-headed tree. The rate of growth, when young and properly treated, will average 1 ft. a year for the first 10 years ; and the plant is of considerable durability. It will thrive in any tolerably free soil ; though it seems to grow fastest, and attain the largest size, in deep sandy loam. It will grow either in open or "'^'• sheltered situations, but does not thrive under the shade of trees. The species is readily propagated by seeds, which should be sown, as soon as they are separated from the pulp of the fruit, in pots of light, rich, sandy soil, or heath mould, and then placed in the shade, where they can be protected from the frost and the sun. Plants raised from seed do not ge- nerally flower till 5 or 6 years old. The double and the scarlet-flowered, and A. U. integri- folius. all the other varieties, are propagated by layers, by grafting, or by cuttings of the wood in a growing state, taken off" in July, and treated like cuttings of heath. t at 2. A. iiy'brida Ker. The hybrid Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Identification. Ker Bot. Reg., t. 619. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 834. St/nonyine. A. andrachnoides Link Enum. 1. p. 39-5. Ennrai'injis. Bot. Reg., t. G19. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our figs. 1079. and 1080. Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlcts pilose. Leaves oblong, acute, serrated, glabrous. Panicle terminal, pendulous, downy. Flowers white. Calyx glabrous. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. Orijii- A, liylirida. nated in gardens about 1800. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers white ; Sep- tember to December. Fruit scarlet ; rarely produced. This iiybrid appears to have been originated be- tween the first and the third species, and to be in- termediate between them both in appearance and constitution. It is tender than No 4., more so than No. 3. British gardens it ornamental from its foliage and flowers ; but, a3 might be expected, it rarely perfects fruit. Propagatetl by grafting on the common species. 1080. A. bybricUi II XLIII. £RICA CEii; : ^ RBUTUS. o75 Va'-icfy. y « A. h. 2 Alilleri {A. Milleri Mayes in West of England Journal of Science and Lit., Jan. 18.35 ; and Gard. Mag., xi. p. 259.) was raised from seed in the Bristol Nursery, from the scarlet-flowered variety of A. ZJnedo and A. ^ndrachne. The flowers are of a delicate pink, the leaves are large, and the plant vigorous. Apparently a hybrid between A. f/ nedo and A. vlndrachne. It grows as rapitlly as the A, CTnedo, forms fully as large a tree, is more beautiful in its flowers, which are in larger panicles, and is nearly as hardy. ^ndra'chne L. The Andrachne Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. f • 3. ^ Jdenlijkation. Lin. Sp., 56G. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. S34. Syrionijmes. A. integrif6Ha iflm. ; Andrachne Theophraste Clus. Hist. 1. p. 48. ; AnAra.c\vae Park. Tkeatr. 1490. f. 2. This is the Adrachne of Theophrastus ; and it is called Adrachla in modern Greek. Ennravings. Bot. Reg., t. 113. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2024. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and ourflgs. 1081. and 1082. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, bluntish, entire m some, a little serrated in others, glabrous. Panicles terminal, erect, clothed with viscid down. Flowers 1081. ..4. .4ndrachne. greenish white. Fruit like that of A. CTnedo. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. Greece, Asia Minor, and Tauria. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1724'. Flowers greenish white; March and April. F>uit hke XfVV ,.<-7ss»=- ^^^^ ^'^ ^' ^ '^^^^ i ripe in December. Vai iety. <( 4i A. A. 2 sei-ratifdlia, A. ser- ratifolia Nois., (Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 580. ; and our Jig. 1083.) has the leaves ser- rated, and narrower than those of the species. The flowers are yellowish, and disposed in rather large terminal clusters. ,„„ ^ ^ .. ,. 1-083. A. A. Mirratifolii. It differs from the common arbutus in having much longer leaves, smooth, coriaceous, and shining, and but slightly if at all serrated, and polished ; but 108'.:. A. .«ndrAchne. the outcr Ixirk cracks, and peels off" in very thin 576 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. papery layers annually, by which alone it is readily distinguished from the common arbutus. The plants, when young, are somewhat tender ; but, it kept in pots till 2 or 3 feet high before they are planted out, they will endure the winters in the neighbourhood of London without any protection ; and will grow nearly as rapidly as the common arbutus, becoming eventually much larger and finer trees. 1 M 4. A. PROCE^RA Douglas. The tall Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree, Identificatiim. Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1. 1573. E7igiavings. Bot. Reg., t. 1573. ; and out Jig. 1084. Spec, Char., S^c. Leaves oblong, serrated, or entire, smooth ; petioles smooth. Racemes terminal, panicles secund. {Lindl.) A small evergreen tree; in British gardens an evergreen bush, with fine broad glossy foliage. North-west coast of North Ame'rica, Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. In- troduced in 1825. Flowers delicate, greenish white ; May. Fruit like that of the common arbutus. Nearly allied to A. .^ndracline ; but differing in the form and serratures of its leaves, and in the form and size of its flowers. The root shoots are covered with scattered bristles, as also are the leaf stalk, and the leaves themselves on such shoots are very strongly serrated. The downy Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. 3. p. 835. «•- A. TOMENTO^SA Pursh. Identification. Pursh FL Amer. Sept., 1. p. 282. ; Don's Mill., Synonyme. ylrctostaphylos toment6sa Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1791. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3320. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1791. ; and omt fig. 1085. Spec. Char., Sfc. The whole plant, except the flowers, downy while young. Branches hispid. Leaves with short and hispid petioles, midribs hispid, and disks oval, acute, sub- cordate at the base, and clothed with white tomentum beneath. Flowers bracteated, disposed in somewhat headed racemes, which are axillary, and shorter than the leaves. Corolla campanulately pitcher-shaped, pure white. {Don's Mill) A low evergreen shrub. West coast of North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers pure white ; E^ec. Introduced in 182G. 10S5. A. tonienluLia. Varicti/. ^ A. t. 2 nuda Hook, et Arnott in Beech. Voy. Pt. Bot. 144., Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. t. 129. f. 4. — The plant is quite destitute of long stiff hairs. ^ 6. A. densiflo'ra H. B. et Ktmth. The densely fld Arbutus, or Straiuberry Tree. Identification. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 280. t. 260. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 835. Engravings. W. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 280. t. 260. ; and our fig. 1086. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches angular, pilose. Leaves 4 in. to 5 in. long ; their petioles long, pilose ; their disks oblong, acute, sharply toothed, coriaceous, glabrous alcove, and shining beneath, clothed with brown- tinged down, and the middle nerve with long nisty-hued hairs. Flowers crowded, disposed Wf,r,. /:. ,.eadn6r:i. XLIII. £RICA CEJE : ^RCTOSTA PHYLOS. 577 in panicles that are terminal and composed of approximate racemes. Pedi- cels furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. Corolla oval, white. Filaments dilated and pilose at the base. {Don's Mill.) A robust shrub or low tree. Mexico, on the eastern declivities between La Plata and Xalapa. Height 20 ft.; in British gardens 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white ; December. Other Species apparently hardy. — A. speciosa Dickson, Gard. Mag. 1840, p. 4. Leaves lanceolate, finely serrated, glaucous on the under side, and bright green above. Probably a large bush or small tree. Mexico, 1837. Another species, and also A. nepalensis Royle, have been raised in the H. S. Garden. Genus XV. Lin. Sj/ii, Decandria /IRCTOSTA'PHYLOS Adans. The Beakberry. Monogynia. Icentification. Adans. Fam. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 83.'). Si/noni/mcs. UNa-iirsi Dod., Tourn. ; ^'rbutus sp. Lin. Derivation. From arktos, a bear, and staphule, a grape. Gtn. Char. Calyx 5-[)arted. Corolla globose or ovate-campanulate ; limb 5-cleft, reflexed. Stamens 10, enclosed ; filaments dilated at the base, and pilose. Anthers compressed at the sides, dehiscing by two pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the middle, where they are furnished with two reflexed horns. Ovarium seated on the hypogynous disk, or half- immersed in it, usnallj' 3-celled, rarely 6 — 9-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Styles 1 Stigma obtuse. Drupe nearly globose. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; entire ' or serrated. Flowers in terminal racemes, pedicellate bracteate. Corollas i white or flesh-coloured. Drupes red or black. — Shrubs or subshrubs, , deciduous or evergreen, low or trailing ; natives of Euroj)e or America. i *~ 1. ^. UVa-u'rsi Spreng. The common Bearberry. I !''cntificiition. Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 827. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 83.5. ■ Syno)iyvies. //'rbutus U'va-ursi Liri. Sp. 566.; /i'rbutus iuxifblia Stakes Bot. 509.; U'va-ursi 6uxiR)lia Sal. in Gray's Arr. 2. p. 400. ; Bearberries, and Bear-whortleberries, £«g. ; Baren- i traube, or Barenheere, Ger. ; Beerenduuif, Dutch; la Basserole, Fr. ; Uva d'Orzo, Ital.; Uva ' de Oso, Spa7t. ; Uva de Urso, Fort. ; and Uva Ursi in the works of most old botanists. [Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 714. ; Schmidt Baum., t. 138.; and our fig. XOi'l. Spec. Char., ^c. Stems procumbent. Leaves per- manent, obovate, quite entire, coriaceous, shining, '• resembling those of the common box. Flowers ' fasciculate' ; pale red, or white with a red mouth ; I growing in small clusters at the extremities of ; the branches. Drupe 5-celled. (Don's Mill.) /" A trailing evergreen shrub. Canada and New ■ England in locky situations, and in the Island of Unalasclia ; also in the middle of Europe ; and ; upon dry heathy mountains throughout the Hii^h- lands and Western Isles of Scotland. Height 1 il. ; , trailing stems 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers pale red ; May and June, red ; ripe in September. Variety, i^ A. U. 2 austriaca Lodd. — Leaves somewhat larger than those of the species. : The berries are filled with an austere mealy pulp, and serve as food for ;rouse and other birds in Britain ; and in Sweden, Russia, and America, they orm a principal part of the food of bears. The whole plant is powerfully astringent : it abounds in the tannin principle ; and, both in Sweden and p p 1087. .i. IJ^ia-iirsi. Berries 578 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. America, it has been used for tanning leather, and dyeing it an ash-grey colour. On rockwork in gai'dens it is very ornamental. !U 2. A. ALPi^NA Spreng The Alpine Bearberry. Identification. Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 287. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 836. Synonyme. A'x'q\A\x% alplna Lin. Sp. 5GG. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2030. ; and our^^. 1088. Spec. Char., <^c. Stem procumbent. Leaves obovate, acute, wrinkled, ser- rated, deciduous. Racemes terminal. Pedicels rather hairy. The flowers grow in reflexed racemes, and are pure white. (Don's Mill.) A trailins evergreen shrub. Denmark, Switzerland, Siberia, Lap- land, &c. ; the Highlands of Scotland, on dry moors ; also in Canada. &c. Height 1 ft. ; shoots 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers in reflexed racemes, pure white ; April to June. Fruit black, of the size of a sloe, witli a taste somewhat resembling that of black currants, but more mawkish : ripe in September. In British gardens, it has long been a favourite peat- earth trailing shrub, requiring an airy situation. It does not thrive in the immediate vicinity of London, nor where it is much sheltered ; but, either on rockwork, in beds of dry peat, or in moist peat, it grows with great luxuriance, and occasionally ripens fruit. 1088. A. alpina. A. pungens H. B. et Kunth {Don's Mill., lii. p. 836.) is a native of Mexico, in elevated places, near Moran and Villaipando, where it forms a branchy shrub, about a foot in height. Introduced in 1839. Hort. Soc. Garden. Genus XVL PERNE'TTY^ Gaud. The Pernettya. Monoffvnia. Lin. Syst. Decandria. Identification. Gaud, in Frey. Voy., p. 454. t. 67. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 836 Derivation. Named after Do7n Perrictty. tlie author of the Account of a Voyage to the Falkland Isles ; a work remarkable for its interest, as well as for its candour and exactness. The original species of this genus was mentioned by this traveller under the name of " Bruyere & feuilles pointues." [Lindl. in Bot. Reg.) Gen. Char. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. Corolla globose ; limb 3-parted, re-f volute. Stamens 10, almost hypogynous, enclosed ; filaments thickened at the base. Cells of anthers bifid, and dehiscing at the apex. Ovarium fref,{ depressed, globose, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded ; hypogynous scales or, glands 10, 3-lobed, forming a ring round the ovarium, and alternating widi; the stamens. Style terminal, short. Stigma convex, obsoletely S-lobed.i Berry propped by the rather fleshy calyx. Seeds minute, oblong-ovate.j {Don's Mai.) ' _ I Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; very small, approximate] Flowers axillary, solitary, drooping, with bracteate peduncles. — Shriibs; evergreen, small, spreailing, much branched ; natives of Europe and America tt. 1. P. .MUCRONA^TA Gaud. Identification. Gaud, in Ann. Sc, .5. p. 102. ; Don's Mill Synonyme. //'rbutus mucronata I.in.fil. Suppl. p. 239. i.f^ravings. The mucronate-/efli'erf Pernettya. 2. p. 836. Bot. Reg., t. 1675. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3093. ; and our,/Jg-. 1089. ! Spec. Char., Sf-c. Leaves ovate, cuspidate, denticulately serrulate, stiff, shining on both surfaces. Pedicels axillary, bracteate, about equal in length to thi leaves. Flowers white, drooping. '{Don's Mill.) A neat little evergreej shrub. Terra del Fuego, Cape Horn, and the Straits of Magellan. Heigl: k ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers white ; Mav. ""•lit XLIII. iTRICA'cE.*: GAULTHE^R/^. 579 Varieti/, n, P. m, 2 Cumimngii, P. Ciimmingij Lodd., differs from the species in having larger, less serrated, and more ovate leaves. A hardy evergreen shrub, of considerab'e beauty, on account of the neat appearance and dark colour of its foliage. t, 2. P. PILOTS A G. Don. The pilose, or hairu, Pernettya. I0S9. 1". nuicTonita. Identification. Gard. Mag., 10. p. 286. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 837. Mag., t. 3177. Hynonyme. J'rbutus pil6sa Graham. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3177. ; and our^?"'. 1090. Spec. Char., SfC. Stem pilose, pro- cumbent. Leaves ovate-elliptic, ciliately serrulated, coriaceous, with- out a mucro, and callous at the point. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, elongated, deflexed. Corolla ovate, with blunt revolnte teeth, white. (Don's Mill.) A green shrub. Mexico. Height 6 in. to 1 ft 1828, or before. Flowers white ; May. BoU prostrate over- Introduced in fvvj. P. microphi/lla Gaud. {Don's Mill , iii. p. .S36.), .<4'rbutus microphvlla Forst., A. serpyUifolia Lam., is a native of the Straits of Magellan, where it grows to the height of 2 or 3 feet, but has. not yet been introdueed. P.piimila Gaud. (Bot. Reg., May, 183+), yi'rbiitus piimila Forst., is a native of Magellan, introduced in 1820. Horti- cQltural Society's Garden. 1090. p. jiilos.i. Genus XVII. - ma GAULTHE R/^ L. The Gaultheria. Monogjnia. Lm. Siist. Decandria ! Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 5.51. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 839. ilienvalion. So named by Kalm, from Gaulthier, a physician and botanist of Canada. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla ovate, with a short 5-cleft limb. Stamens I lU, enclosed. Anthers bilid at the apex ; lobes biaristate. Style 1. Stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales 10, obsolete, or connate at the base. Capsule depressedly globose, .5-celled, 5-furrovved, covered by the calyx, which is sometimes baccate ; valves septiferous in the middle. Placentas adnate to the base of the column. Seeds numerous, covered by a reticulated testa. , (Don's Mill.) ' Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; toothed, ciliated. Floiuers axillary and terminal, racemose, rarely solitary; pedicels bibracteolate. Co- rollas white, rose-coloured, or scarlet. Filaments usually hairy. — Shrubs, evergreen, procumbent ; natives of America. ' j„ 1. G. procu'mbens L. The procumbent Gaultheria. identification. Lin. Sp., .565. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 839. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 183fi. Mnmu/mes. Partridge Berry, Mountam Tea, Spring Winter-Green. Smit/i's Histort/ nf Nova Scotia, r'tgravmgs. Andr. Bot. Rep., 116. ; Kalm Amoen., 3. p. 14. t. 1. f. 6. ; Du Ham. Afb., 1. p. 286. \ t 113. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 82. ; Sim's Bot. Mag., t. 1896. ; and our^Sg-. 1091. V'^c. Char., ^~c. Stem procumbent. Branches erect, naked at bottom, but with crowded leaves at top. Leaves obovate, acute at the base, finely and 1 P P 2 580 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ciliately toothed. Flowers few, terminal, iiutant. (Don's Mill.) A very small evergreen shrub. Canada to Virginia, in dry woods, on mountains, and in sandy places. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1762. Flowers white ; July to September. Berries red ; remaining on the plant great part of the winter. A very pretty little shining-leaved plant, improperly termed procumbent, which makes very ornamental edgings in peat soil, kept nioii^t ; in which soil alone it can be well grown. The leaves, if properly cured, make a most excellent tea. 1091. G. procumbens. a. 2. G. Sha'LLON Pursh. The Shallon Gaultheria. Identificatiun. Pursh Fl. Araer. Sept , 1. p. 283. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 839. Engravings. Pursh Sept., 1. fig. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2843. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1411. ; and onr fig. 1092. Spec. Char., Sfc. Procumbent, hairy on the stems. Leaves ovate, subcordate, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces. Racemes secund, bracteate, clothed with rusty down. Branches warted, clothed with rusty down when young. Leaves broad, abruptly acuminated. Pe- dicels scaly. Corolla white, tinged with .^g^i^r) / red, downy, urceolate, with a closed limb. ^^^^^^ "^ Berries globose, acute, fleshy, purple. {Don^s Mill.) A procumbent evergreen shrub. North America, on the Falls of the Columbia, and near the Western Ocean. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white, tinged with pink ; Alay. Fruit purple ; September. This plant grows in the shade of close pine forests, where hardly any thing else will thrive. The berries are much esteemed by the natives, on account of their agreeable flavour. In the North of England, and in Scotland, the \ilant has already been employed as undergrowth ui artificial plantations, for .\e sake of the shelter and food which it aft'ords for game. 1092. G. Shallon. Genus XVIII. EPIG^^A L. The Epig^a. Lin. Sj/st. Decandria Monogynia. Jclentificufion. Lin. Gen., No. 550. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. Hynonymes. .1/emecylum Hick. Gen. 13. ; May Flower, yova Scotia. Dei-ivation. From epi, upon, and gaia, the earth ; the plant creeps upon the surface of the earth. Gen. Char. Cali/.v large, 5-parted, furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. Corolla salver-shaped, with a 5-parted spreading limb ; tube villpas inside. Slainens 10. Cap.iide 5-celled, many-seeded. Placenta 5-parted. (Doit's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, ever- green ; entire. Flowers axillary and terminal, in dense racemes. — A shrub, evergreen, creep- ing, tufted; native of North America. j^ \. E. REOPENS L. The creeping Epigaea. Identification. Lin. Sp., .565. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. ; Lodd. Cat.,ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Rep., 102. ; Bot. Cab., 160. ; and our , fig. 1093. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches, petioles, and nerves of loss. e. ripen*. II XLIII. isRICA^CEiE : CLE^THRA. 581 leaves very liairy. Leaves cordate-ovate, quite entire. Corollas cylin- drical. Flowers white, tinged with red, very fragrant. (Don's Mill.) A creeping evergreen shrub. Nova Scotia to Carolina, on shady rocks and in stonv woods, on the sides of hills, and at the roots of pines. Height (j in. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, tinged with red, very fragrant ; May to July. Variety. H^ E. r. 2 ruhicLinda Swt. Fl. Brit. 2d ser t. SSi. has brilliant pink flowers. Raised from seed, 1836. Succeeds in peat soil, kept rather moist, and protected with a frame or hand-glass, or with snow, during very severe frosts. Genus XIX. PHALEROCA'RPUS G. Dow. The Piialerocarpus. Lin. Syst. Octki\- dria Monogynia. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 341. Symmymes. racclnium Lin. ; Gaultherra Pursh ; Oxyc6ccus Kutt. ; .,4'rbutus Lam. Derivation. From phaleros, white, and karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the colour of the berries. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-cleft, bibracteate at the base. Corolla short, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens 8 ; filaments hairy ?. Hypogynous disk 8-toothed. An- thers semibifid. (Doii^s Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen; small, roundish-oval, acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, white. — A shrub, creeping, ever- green, of diminutive size, with hispid branches and the habit of wild thyme. t, 1. P. SERPYLLiFo^Lius G. Don. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Phalerocarpus. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. Synoiiymes. Faccinium hisi)idulum Lin. Sp. 500. ; Gaultherm icrpyllifblia PwrsA Sept. 1. p. 283. t. 13. ; -•/'rbutus fllif6rmis Lain. Diet. 1. p. 228. ; Oxycocius hispidulus Pers. Engravings. Mithx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. t. 23. ; Pursh Sept., t. 13. ; and oxirfig. 1094. Spec, Char., ^c. Berries white, produced in consider- able quantities, aromatic, not very acid, and rather insipid than agreeable. The shrub has the same aromatic taste and smell as •Gaulthen'a procum- bens. (Don's Mill.) A creeping evergreen shrub. Canada to Pennsylvania ; and more particuiarl}' where cedars and other evergreens are predomi- nant ; and growing always amidst iS'phagnum. ! Height 6 in. Introduced in 1813. Flowers white ; ; April and May. Berries white. Genus XX. 1094. P. jerpyllifdlius. J t- CLETHRA L. The Clethra. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. , Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 5b3. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. ' Synonyme. Cucll&ria Ruiz et Pav. Syst. 10-5. I Derivation. From klethra, the Greek name of the alder ; alluding to a supposed resemblance in 1 the leaves. \Gen. Char, Calyx 5-parted. Corolla so deeply 5-parted as to appear pen- tapetalous. Stamens 10, enclosed, or nearly so. Anthers behind, at length iniiexedly pendulous and obverse, cordate, mucronate at the apex, mutic. p p 3 582 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Ovarium free. Styles straight. Stigma trifid. Capsule girded by the calyx, 3-celled, with a loculicidal dehiscence ; cells many-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate,' deciduous ; serrated. Flowers in racemes, terminal, solitary, or panicled, bracteate, with white corollas. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America. From the appearance of the plants in British gardens, we are strongly inclined to think that all the sorts may be referred to one species. Peat soil kept moist. ji 1. C. y^LNiFo^LiA L. The Alder-leaved Clethra. Identification. Lin. Sp., 5C6. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. S41. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 301. Synonyme. C. nlnifdlia yar. at denudata Ait. Hurt. Ketc. 2. p. 73. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 47. ; and oar fig. 1095. Sjiec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, coarsely serrated above, glabrous on both surfaces, and of the same colour. Racemes spicate, simple, bracteate, clothed with hairy tomentum. (Dmis Milt.) A deciduous shrub. New England to Virginia, in swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in white ; July and September The downy Clethra 1731. Flowers 1095. C. alnifoUa j» 2. C. (a.) tomento^sa Lam Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 46. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Fl. Auier. Sept. 1. p. 301. Synonymes. C. nlnifblia /3 pubescens Ait. Bort. Kew. 2. p. 73. ; C. ' incana Pers. Ench. 1. p. 482. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 39. ; and our^^. 1096, and 1097. Spec. Char., S)-c. Leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, finely serrated at top, clothed with white .„». tomentum beneath. Racemes spi- ^ ' cate, simple, bracteate, villously to- mentose. (Don's Mill.) A decidu- ous shrub. Virginia and Carohna, in swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers white ; July to October. 1096. C. (a.;tomenl&sa. 1097. C. {a.jtomentisB. 3. C. (.1.) panicula'ta Ait. The panided-Jloivered Clethra. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 73. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 302. Engraving. Out fig. 1098. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves narrow, cuneate-lanceolate, acute, acuminately serrated, glabrous on both sui-facefe. Panicle terminal, elongated, composed of racemes, and clothed with white tomentum. (Don's MilU) A deciduous shrub. Ca- rolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1770. Flowers white ; July to October. St 3C 4. C (a.) acumina^ta JSIichx. The acu- m\wd.teA-leavcd Clethra. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor., Amer. 1. p. 2fi0. ; Don'^s Mil"!., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., ). p. 302. Syminyme. C. montana Bartr. Cat. /ingrarings. Bot. Cab., t. 1427.; audoairfig. 1099. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves oval, acuminated, bluntish at the base, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, rather glaucous beneath. Ra- cemes spicate, almost solitary, bracteate, clothed with white tomentum. Flowers resembling those of C. alnifolia. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low 1099. c. («.-. «cuiiu«*t», 109S. C. (a.) paniculkta. i I XLiir. ekicaceje: rhododendron. 583 I tree. Carolina, on hidi mountains. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 180G. Flowers white; July to October. ji 5. C. {a.) sca'bra Pers. The rough-leaved Clethra. Identification. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 482. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 302. Engraving. Our fig. 2093. in p. 1107. iSpec. Char., <^c. Leaves broad, cuneate-obovate, acute, scabrous on both sur- faces, coarsely serrated ; serratures hooked. Racemes spicate, sub-panicled bracteated, finely tomentose. (Don's Mi/l.) A deciduous shrub. Western parts of Georgia, Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; July to October. j Sect. II. Hhodo^heje. I The ^hodoreas include genera of some of the most singularly ornamental , evergreen and deciduous peat-earth shrubs that adorn our gardens ; for what would our American grounds be without rhododendrons and azaleas ? The 1 culture of all the species is nearly the same; they all require peat-earth, or, j at least, thrive best in it; and some of them willnot live without it. They [ may all be propagated by cuttings of the growing shoots, planted in fine sand, and covered with a glass, or by layers ; but the best plants of all the spe- cies are procured from seed. The varieties can, of course, only be ocjntinued by cuttings or layers ; and the stools for these require to be ])lanted in beds of peat, which should be kept tolerably moist. The seeds, if ripened in this country, should be sown soon after gathering; and those imported from Ame- rica, immediately on being received : because, though the seeds of all the .Eri- caceag will retain the vital principle for several years, yet the longer they are kept out of the soil, the less likely they are to germinate, and the greater will be the risk of losing some of them. They should be sown in pots or boxes, or in a border shaded from the direct influence of the sun ; and kept in a uniform state of moisture, and protected from the frost. In sowing, the surface of the soil should previously be made quite smooth, and gently j pressed down, or watered till it has settled to a level surface; and, after the j seeds have been equally distributed over this surface, they should be covered with no more soil than is barely requisite to conceal them from the eye. I Seeds sown in autumn will germinate in the following spring, and be fit for I transplanting into nursery lines or pots by the autumn, or by the spring of the j following year. These directions will apply generally to all the species, but jare more particularly applicable to those which are perfectly hardy. In France, some of the species have been increased by herbaceous grafting. I i Genus XXL I I ' r 1 . ^_ L^- ^^J L^ IRHODODE'NDRON L. The Rhododendron, or Rose Bay. Lin. Syst. ' Penta-Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 548. ; Don's Mil!., 3. p. S43. ii'jnonymes. Azalea sp. of authors ; /ihodcira Lin.; Chamsrhodoiiendros Tourn. Inst. t. 373. ; I Khodortendron, Fr.. Ital., and Span. : AlpbaLsam, Ger. \DeT:i:at/un. From rhodon, a rose, and dejidron, a tree ; in reference to the terminal bunches of ! flowers, which are usually red, or rose-colour. \Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, or campanu- ' late, rarely rotate or 5-parted ; limb 5 cleft, somewhat bilabiate; upper lip the : broadest, and usually spotted. Stamens 5 — 10, usually exserted, decHnate. Anthers opening by two terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, rarely P p 4 584 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 10-eelled and 10-vaIved as in 7?. arboreum, with a septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Placentas simple, angular. Seeds compressed, scobiform, winged. {Don's Mi//.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous, or evergreen ; quite entire, terminated by a sphacelate apex, or yellow gland. Flowers terminal, corymbose, showy. — Shrubs, usually evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North Ameiica. In the Azalea division of this genus the species are almost entirely decidu- ous, with (juite entire alternate leaves, terminated by a withered tip, or yellow gland ; and terminal, corymbose, showy flowers. All the species thrive bes« in sandy peat, kept rather moist ; and they are propagated chiefly by layer and seeds. § i. Ponticum D. Don. Sect. C/iar. Limb of calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 10 Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen. (Don's Mil/., iii. p. 8-i3.) « L i?. po'nticum L. The Pontic Rhododendron, or Rose Bay. \ Identification. Lin. Sp., 562. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. ! Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 43. t. 29. ; Bot. Mag., t. 650. ; and pur fig. 1100. j Spec. Cliar., ^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, attenuated towards the thick [)etioles, with a streak on the upp^er surlace, of a wide lanceolate form. Racemes short, corymbose. Leaves sometimes becoming ferruginous beneath. Corolla purple or purplish pink, large ; with ovate, acute, or lanceolate segments. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, somewhat carti- ;- laginous. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub ; Pontus t>' (now Armenia), in Asia Minor. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Litroduced in 1-763. Flowers purple ; May and June. Capsules brown ; ripe in September. uqo Vaneties. «. R R. pdnticura ?^. 1 101. K. p. mynifolium. li^ 2 obtiisum Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 162., Don's Mill., has the leaves subcordate, coriaceous, obtuse, and the calj'X very short, and unequally and uiululately crenated. It grows from 3 ft. to 4- ft. high, and has purple flow- ers. Wild in Armenia. m li. p. 3 myrtifolinh Lodil. Bot. Cab. t. 908. (and otir fg. 1101.), Don's Mill., has the leaves small, and! the flowers purple. It is a native of (iihraltar. I « R. /). 4. Sniitlm Swt. Brit. F/.-Gard. n. s. t. 50..: Don's Mil/., has the leaves lanceolate, aiul clothed, with white tomentum beneath ; corymbs man_\- flowered ; ovarium to- mentose, and 10-ceIled. The flowers are of a rosy purple, ap- proaching to crimson, elegantly spotted with black. A hybrid, raised by Mr. Smith, at Coombe Wood, from the seed of 7^. ponticum, impregnated by the pollen of R. arboreum. R. p. 5 Ldivn Gard. Mag. vol. xi.p. 190. — Corolla white ; the upper segments marked by a few dull scarlet spots. Tliis is a most striking variety, originated by M. Jacob Makoy. K R. p. 6 aza/eoides ; R. azaleoides DesJ. ; R. p. /3 subdeciduum Andr. Bot. Rep. t. XLIII. ^rica'cejE : jRHODODE'NDRON. 585 379., and our Jig. 1 102. ; is a hybrid between R. ponticum and some species of Azalea with fragrant blossoms. It was originated about 1820, and is a favourite in collections. « R. p. 1 frdgrans Chandler {Herb. Amaryll. p. 356.) was raised in the Vauxhall Nursery. Xiirsery Varieties. The following are cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges : — R. p. album. angustiftlium. angusti'ssimum. nrliutHiiliuiii. broiiii'l/«. bulliltum. cassineioMum. R. p. cserulescens. contortum. crispum. fl. pleno. fol. argcnteis. fol. aureis. fol. marginiltis. R. p. frondftsum. grandifldrum. incarnatuin. intermtdium. V.'A\mia'fblium. macrophyllum. nivaticum. R. p. obtiisum. ov!\tum. pygmce'um. rd.seum. «alicif61ium spectabile. 2iioliceum. i The i?hodod^ndron ponticum is the commonest species of the genus in British gardens, where it grows to the height of from 5 ft. to 15 ft., or up- wards ; forming a dense bush, which will spread over a large space, if it be I allowed abundance of room. In proper soil, if kept moist, the plant will ' make shoots, when young, of 1 ft. or more in length in a season, attaining the height of 4 or 5 feet in 5 or 6 years : but afterwards it grows more slowly ; and, when a large bush, seldom makes shoots above 6 in. in length. It ap- |iears to be of considerable durability. In cool, loamy or sandy, and some- what moist soils, it is planted in woods as ornamental undergrowth, and succeeds perfectly, both in England and Scotland. It will grow in almost :iny soil ; but, in England, it seems to thrive best in sandy peat, or deep I sandy loam. In the common manured earth of gardens it succeeds worse than in unmanured loams of a close texture, even strong clays, particularly ! if the latter be kept moist. The want of tenacity of the manured garden soil (alluded to, more especially in a dry season, seems not to allow it to cohere j sufficiently to the small hair-like roots of this order of plants, to enable their ! very minute spongioles to imbibe nourishment from it. 2. R. ma'ximuhi L. The largest Rhododendron, or American Rose Bay. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., p. 5C3. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 84.3. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engravi7tgs. Lam. III., 364. ; Schmidt Baum., 1. 121. ; and our Jig. 1103. Spec. Char., SiC Arborescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, convex, bluntish at the base, whitish or rusty beneath, glabrous. Calycine segments oval- obtuse. Segments of corolla roundish. Flowers pale red, in umbellate co- rymbs, studded with green, yellow, or purple protuberances. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Canada to Carolma, on the mountains, near rivu- lets and lakes, upon rocks and barren I soils. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- I duced in 1736. Flowers pale red, and yellowish ; i June to August, Capsules brown ; ripe in i September. Varieties. ' * R. VI. 2 album Hort. — Flowers pure white, and is comparatively rare in British gar- i dens. R. m. 3 hybridum Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3454. (and our fig. 1104.) R. fragrans Hort., R. hjbridum Lodd. Cat. — Supposed to be a hybrid originated by fertilising the common white glaucous-leaved Azalea with the pollen of R. maximum. This I maximum. 1104. R. m. hybndum. 586 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. variety has fragrant flowers, and, according to Sir W. J. Hooker, is " amply worthy of a place in every garden and shrubbery." Readily known from R. ponticum and R, catawbiense by the rusty under surface of the leaves, and the comparatively pale green of the entire plant. It neither grows nor flowers so freely in British gardens as the other species. * 5 3. R. (m.) purpu^reum G. Don. The purple-Jlowered Rhododendron, or American Rose Bay. Idenlifictttion. Don's Mill., 3. p. 8)3. Si/nm'iyynes. R- maximum y purpiireum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 297. ; R. p6nticuin macro- ' ph^llum Lodd. Cat. Engraving. Our.^^.2096. in p. 1108. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves large, oblong-elliptic, flattish, acute, bluntish at the base, green, and glabrous on both surfaces. Segments of corolla oblong and obtuse. Calycine segments obtuse. This shrub approaches near to R. ponticum ; but it differs in its foliaceous calyx, and otherwise. It grows to an immense size; its stem being often found 18 in. and more in diameter ; and its foliage triple the size of that of any other species. (Don^s Mill.) A large evergreen shrub, or low tree. Virginia ami CaroHna, on the highest mountains, near lakes. Height 25 ft. ; in England seldom seen otherwise than as a shrub. Introduced ?. Flowers large, pui-ple; May and June. Rare in British gardens. • 4. R. Pu'rsh// G. Don. Pursh's Rhododendron, or Ameiican Rose Baij. Identificntion. Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Si/nont/iiic. R. maximum ^ album Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 207. Engraving. OuTjftg. 110.^). from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's lierbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Arborescent. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, flat, glabrous, tapering gra- dually to the base, paler . beneath. Calycine seg- ments oval, obtuse. Seg- ments- of corolla roundish oblong. Flowers white, anil smaller than those of R. ma.\imnm. (Don's Mill) An evergreen shrub. New Jersey and Delaware, in shady cedar swamps. Height 6 ft to 8 ft. Introduced in ISli, but not common in collections. Flow- ers white ; June to August. The latest of all the rhododendrons in Briti?!i gardens. Horticultural Society's Garden. B. !). R. catawbie'nse Michx. The Catawba Rhododendron, Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 258.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. EngrariHfis. Bot. Mag., t. 1G71.; Bot. Cab., t. Ii76. ; and our y%. IIOG. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves short-oval, rounded, and obtuse at both ends, glabrous, of a different colour be- neath. Calycine segments elongated oblong. Flowers purple, disposed in umbellate corymbs. (Do7i's Mil/.) A large evergreen shrub. Virginia and Carolina, [larticnlarly near the head waters of the Catawba River. Height 4 ft. Introd. in 1809 and 1105. R. Pirshii. XLIII. ^RICaVe^: iJHODODE'NbRON. 587 now one of the most common species, and the hardiest, in gardens. Flowers rosy lilac ; June to August. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. a. R. c. 2 Russellianum Brit, Fl.-Gard. 2d ser. t. 91. — Leaves oblong' finely tomentose beneath. Corymbs many-flowered. Flowers of a bright rosy red, approaching to crimson. A hybrid raised from the seed of R. catawbiense, impregnated by the pollen of E. arboreum, by Mr. Russell of Battersea. A very splendid variety, but some- what tender. B. R. c. 3 tigrhium Hort. — A variety with a corolla much resembling that of R. c. Ru.sselhVmi(?)i, but with obvious spots on the inside. It is of more robust growth than either /?. ponticum or R. maximum, but, in other respects, seems intermediate between them. There are many hybrids in cultivation between it and the former species, though without names. e. 6. R. chrysa'nthum L. The go\(\en-flowercd Rhododendron. Identification. Lin. Syst., 4n-i., Suppl., 237. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Si/iioni/me. R. officinale Sn/isb. p. 121. t. 'A. Engravings. Salisb. Par. Lond., t. 80. ; and onr Jig. 1107. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves acutish, attenuated at the base, oblong, glabrous, reticulately veined, and of a rusty colour beneath. Flowers and buds clothed with rusty tomentum. Pedicels hairy. Calyx hardly any. Seg- ments of the corolla rounded. Ovarium tomentose. ' Branches decumbent, beset with rusty stipule-forrned I scales. Flowers handsome, large, drooping, revolute, rather irregular, yellow. Stigma 5-lobed. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen undershrub. Siberia, on the "highest mountains ; and Caucasus and Kamtschatka. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1 796, but not common in collections, being very difficult to keep. Flowers yellow ; June and July. It requires to be grown in rather moist peat, kept firm, in an open airy situation. «. 7. R. cauca'sicum Pall. The Caucasian Rhododendron. [identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 4G. t. 30. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. lEngravmirs. Bot. Mag., t. 1145. ; and oury?^. 1108. \Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, clothed with I rusty tomentum beneath, rugged and green above. ! Peduncles hairy. Bracteas elongated, tomentose. I Ovarium downy. Root creeping. Branches pro- • cumbent. Flowers purple or white, disposed in ! umbellate corymbs. Corollas rotate, with wavy ; rounded segments. (Doti's Mill.) A compact ever- : green shrub. Caucasus, on high rocks, near the ' limits of perpetual snow. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 180.3, but rare in collections. Flowers white , or purple ; August. Varieties. The following hybrids are among the handsomest rhododendrons I in cultivation : — a. R. c. 2 straminevvi Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 34-22. — Corollas straw-co- I loured. A plant of this variety in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, in j April 183.5, was 2 ft. high, and 3 ft. in diameter, with the extremities of its fine leafy branches terminated with clusters of large, beautiful, straw-coloured flowers. The climate of Scotland seems to suit this, and some of the other species found in the coldest parts of the Russian empire, better than that of the South of England. c R. c. 3 pulcherrimum Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1820. f. 2. — A hybrid ob- 11Q7. R. chrysinthum. 1108. fi. cauc^sicum. job ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. tained by Mr. Waterer of the Knaphill Nursery, between R. arbo- reum and R. caucasicum, in 1 832 ; a most beautiful variety, quite hardy, and an abundant flovverer. R. c. 4 Nuhlelmnm Hart. (Bot. Reg., t, 1820. f. 1.) is a hybrid, very much like the preceding one in all respects, except that its flowers are of a deep and brilliant rose colour. I. 8. R. PuxcTA^TUM Andr. The Aotte^^-lenved Rhododendron. Identification. Andr. Bot. Kep., 3G. ; Vent. Cels., t. l5. ; Don's Mill.,:?. p.!<44. Synonymcs. R. ferrugineum var. minus Pers. Ench. 1. j). 478. ; B. niiiuis Miclix. Fl. Bur. Amer. 1. p. 258. ; R. punctatum var. minus IVals. Denri. Bill. Ifi'Z A. Engravings. Andr. Bot Kep., 3G. ; Dend. Brit., t. 162. A. ; and our^i'. 1109. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, beset w'th rusty resinousi dots beneath. Pedicels short. Calycine teethj short. Segments of corolla ovate, a little undu-" lated. Flowers pink, j disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas fun- nel-shaped. Capsules elongated. (Doii^s Mill.) A low ever- green shrub. Carolina, on mountains, parti- cularly at the head waters of the Savannah River. Height 4 ft. Introd. ] 786. Flowers f)ink; July and August. 1109. R. imnciatum. 1110. R. p. majus. Variety. R. p. 2 majus Ker. (Bot. Reg., t. 37. : and ourfg. 1110.) — Leaves and flowers larger. a. 9. R. ferrugi'neu.m L. The rusty-leaved Rhododendron. Idcntijicatiotu Lin. Sp., .5fi2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. Engravings. Bot. Cab., 65. ; and o\irJig. 1111. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, shinim and green above, but thickly beset witli rusty dots beneath. Calycine seg' ments dentately ciliated. Leaves like those of the box tree ; when young, cili- ated with a few hairs at bottom. Flowers of a beautiful rose colour or scarlet, dis- posed in umbellate corymbs, marked with ash-coloured or yellow dots. Corollas funnel-shaped. Filaments hairy at bottom. (Don's Aim.) A low evergreen shrub. Al|)s of Switzerland, Austria, Savoy, Dau- phine, and Piedmont ; where this species and R. hirsiitum terminate ligneous vege- tation, and furnish the shepherds with their only fuel. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers rose-coloured or scarlet ; May to July. raricit/, a. R./. 2 alhuni Lodd. Cat. ed. 1 836. — Flowers white. 11. 10. R. (?F.) iursu'tum L. The hairy Rhododendron. Identiflcaliim. Lin. Sp., 562. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. S'14. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1853. ; Bot. Cab., t. 479. ; and our Jig. 1112 llll. R. ferrugineum. XLiii. j;rica^ce.e: tjhodode'ndron. 589 «^^ ^^^. 1112. R. (f ) liirsuium. '!pec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, acutisli, ciliated with rusty hairs on the maa-ijins, glabrous above, dotted and hairy beneath. CaKcine ; segments IVinjied, bearded. Flowers pale red or j scarlet, disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas : funnel-shaped. {Don's Alill.) A low evergreen I shrub. Al|)s of Switzerland, Austria, Styria, Dau- phine, &c. Height i ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers pale red or scarlet ; May to July. aiiefi/. n. R. (/) h.2 mriegatum. — Leaves edged with I yellow. Possibly only a variety of the pre- ' ceding species. I a. 11. /?. sETo'suM D.Don. The bristly Rhododendron. \dfnt{ficalion. D. Don in \Vcrn. Soc. Trans., 3. p. 408. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. ^ngraving. Omfig. 1113. from a specimen in the herbarium of Professor DeCanriolle. }pec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets beset with bristles. Leaves oval, mucronate, bristly on the margins and under surfaces. Pedicels beset with glandular 1 hairs. Calycine segments rounded, coloured, j naked, crenulated. A small, stiff) much-branched , shrub. Leaves half an inch long. Flowers ! purple, size of those of R. dauricum, disposed in I umbellate corymbs. Calyx purple. Filaments I bearded at the base. Stigma capitate. {Don's I Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. JSepal, in Gos- j sainthan. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in I 1825, but rare. Flowers purple ; May. I «. R. macrophyllum D. Don {G. Don's Mill., iii. !. S43.) is a native of the north-west coast of j'orth America, where it was collected by Mr. ilenzies ; and there are specimens in Mr. Lam- i„3. H.set6sum. jert's herbarium ; but the phtnt has not yet been ;!troduced. The jjctioles of the leaves are 1 in., and theii- disks from I in. to 8 in. long; and the flowers are smaller than those of R. maximum, and |hite. I § ii. Booram. frivation. The namei of R. arbbreum in Nepal. Kct. Char., Sfc. Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of the Himalayas, and other mountainous regions of Northern India. One species is hardy in British gardens. 12. R. camp.wula'tum D. Don. The he\\-shvi\ie-flowered Rhododendron. 153. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. and o\xr fig. 1114. [t-ntification. D. Don in Wern. Mem., 3. p. 409. ; Prod. Fl Nep., p ■igriifings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1944. ; Swt. Fl.-Gard., 2d s., t. 241. per. Char., ^~c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, niu- ' cronate, rusty beneath, rather cordate at the .base. Segments of corolla flat, emarginate. . Ovari'iini 6-celled, glabrous. Under surfaces jof leaves clothed with fine scaly pubescence, at fir.st of a purplish hue, then changing to , nearly white, and afterwards to a deep fer- iniginous brown. F'lowers copious, disposed I in corymbose clusters. Pedicels glabrous. I Bracteas fringed. Corollas large, pale pink, i changing to white, having the upper lip marked with irregular purple spots. Fila- ;ments bearded at the base. This species surpasses all others in the size of its 1114. F-. cam Poll uiatuui. 590 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. flowers, except one found in Java by Dr. Horsfield. (Dona Rli/l.) A \ jilabrous evergreen shrub. Nepal, on Gossainthan. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers pale pink, changing to white ; April. A beautiftil ami very distinct species, and quite as hardy in British gardens as any of the American kinds. Rhododendron arboreum Smith. — Several iiybrids between this species and II. ponticum and R. catawbiense have been raised, but those only between the American and the more northerly European species liave been found tolerably hardy. R. a. venustiim D. Don (Brit. Fl.-Gard. May, 1835, 2d ser. t. 285.) is a hybrid, and an exceedingly showy and interesting plant. It was raised by Mr. \Vm. Smith, nurseryman, Norbiton Common, near Kingston, Surrey, from seeds of R. caucasicum that had been fertilised by the pollen of R. arboreum ; and appears sufficiently hardy to survive our winters with a little protection. 5 iii. Pogonanthum. Derivation. From pogon, a beard, and ant/ios, a flower ; throat woolly inside. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cy- lindrical tube, and a spreading limb. Stamens 5, enclosed. Ovarium 5-celled. Evergreen shrubs. Leaves coriaceous. H. 13. R. ANTHOPO^GON D. Don. The bearded-flowered Rhododendron. Identification. D. Don in Mera. Wern. Soc, 3. p. 409. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 845. Si/nuni/ine. R. aromaticum Wall. Cat. Engravings. Royle lllust., t. G4. f. 2. ; and oar fig. 1115. Spec. Char., i^c. Branchlets downy. Leaves oval, rusty beneath from lepidoted tomentum. Corollas with a woolly throat. Shrub iiuich branched. Leaves ending in a reflexed niucro, naked above. Flowers glomerate, sulphur- coloured. Pedicels short, lepidoted, and resinous. Caly- cine segments rounded at the apex, with villous margins. Segments of corolla roundish, with undulated curled margins. Filaments glabrous. Stigma clavate. (Don's Mil/.) An upright evergreen shrub, with the habit of R. dairicum. Nepal, on Gossainthan. Height 1ft. to J^ft. Intro- duced in 1820. Flowers yellow; Agril and May. A very interesting species, from the colour of its flowers and their early appearance. Plants have survived the winter of 1837-8 in the Hackney Arboretum. § iv. Lepipherum D. Don. Derivation. From lepis, a scale, and phero, to bear ; leaves covered witli small scales. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx dilated, 5-lobed. Corolla cam|)anidate or rotate- Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves membranous; sometimes deciduous but generally persistent. Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous ; natives of Eu rope, North America, and the Himalayas. fu 14. R. lappo'nicum YVahl. The Lapland Rhododendron. Identification. Wahl. Fl. Suec., p. 249. ; Don's IMill., 3. p. 845. Si/nont/mes. Azalea lapponica I.in. Fl. Suec. p. M., Sp. t. 214. ; A. forrugiuea Hurt. Engravings. ]5ot. Mug., t. 3106. ; and our fig. 1116. Spec. Char,, t^-c. Shrub branched, procumbent. Branches divaricate. Cc roUas rotately funnel-shaped. Young branches obscurely pubescent, wartecj Leaves oblong, obtuse, stiff, beset with honeycomb-like dots, yellowish anj scaly beneath ; deep green above ; and pale green, and at length yellowi.sl' beneath ; thickly beset with hollow dots on both surfaces, which are covere I XLIII. ERICA CUja : iJHODODE NDROK. 591 by umbilicate permanent scales. Flowers crimson, disposed in umbellate corvnibs, 5 — 6 together, sur- rounded by large dotted scales, or bracteas. Calyx covered with yellow scales, cihated. Segments of corolla unequal, and undulated. Stamens 5 — 8, equal- in lenirth to the corolla. Stigma capitate, 5-lobed. Filaments hairy at the base. (Bon's Mill.) A procum- bent everareen shrub. Europe, Asia, and North America, in the Arctic regions. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers crimson ; May. ■ ]5. H. DAU^RicuM L. The Dahurian Rhododendron. [Identification. Lin. Sp., 562. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. 8<1.=). \ Engravings. PalL Fl. Ross., 1. p. 47. t. 32. ; Bot. Mag., t. 836. i .rtg. 1117. and our inc. R. lappdnicum. \Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous ; oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, I but sprinkled with rust\ scales, especially beneath. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. f Corollas rotate. Roots knobbed, abounding in fibres. Stems twisted ' and knobbed in the wild state. Petioles downy. Leaves dotted on both surfaces, but ferruginous beneath. Before they fall in autumn, they become ■ of a dusky red colour. The flowers rise before the leaves, ! from the tops of the branches, from buds which are com- I posed of concave downy scales. (Don's Mill.') A deciduous ' shrub. Siberia, peculiar to the alpine tracts of Eastern j Asia. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. Litrodnced in 1780. Flowers I purple ; December to March. j Variety, m m H. d.2 (itrovh-ens Ker. (Bot. Reg., t. 194 ; Bot. Mag., ^|c t, 1888.) — Sub-evergreen. Leaves deep green, and I shining above ; persistent. Siberia. I Very desirable low shrubs, from their flowering so early in jthe season ; but, to thrive, they require peat soil. m?. «. djiuncum. i R. lepidotum Wall. (Royle Illust., p. 260. t. 64. f. 1. ; Don's Mill., .3. p. 845.) lis a native of Nepal, with the habit of R. dauricum, but with leaves of a ithinner texture ; and with every pait of the plant beset with ferruginous iscale-like dots. It grows to the height of 2 or 3 feet, but has not yet been jintroduced. § V. Cliamacistus D. Don. ^Perivation. From chamai, on the ground, and cistus, the rock rose; plants with the habit of • species of Heli&nthemum. \Sect. Char. Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla rotate. Stamens 10 ' Ovarium 5-celled. Diminutive, prostrate, evergreen ; shrubs, with small membranous leaves. ; t. 16. E. camtscha'ticum PalL j Rhododendron n i ' j T\ T\ I ^ ^ K. n. 1 polyandrimi D. Don. j andra Pursh 1, c. — Flowers of I a rose colour, short. Stamens ; 10—20. It is found near Phi- \ ladelphia. ^neties and Hi/brids chiefly raised at 'ligh Clere. ■ * R. n. 8 Goven\B.nvLm D. Don ' (Brit. Fl.-Gard., iii. t. 263. ; and our Jig. 11 23.) — The branches i tomentosely downy. Leaves 1 evergreen or deciduous, oblong, acute, downy while young, but glabrous in the adult state, and '' recurved at the apex. Tube of corolla a httle shorter than Q Q 1123. R* n. Goventanum. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNiCUM. the segments. Flowers delicate light purple, disposed in ter- minal racemose corymbs. It is a hybrid raised from the seed of A. nudiflora impregnated by the pollen of a hybrid raised between R, ponticum and R. catawbiense. R. n. 9 liibnun Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 31. — Flowers red. R. n. 10 eximiinn D. Don. — Raised, in 1829, from seeds of R. nudi- floriim coccineum miijus, to which pollen of /Rhododendron arboreum had been applied. It resembles its female parent, having very little affinity with R. arboreum, except in its evergreen leaves and decan- drous flowers. R. n. 11 thyrsifldrum Bot. Reg. 1367., and our ^g. 1124. — Raised at High Clere in 1835 or before. R. n. 12 scintillans Bot. Reg. 1461., and our Jig. 1125. — Raised at High Clere in 1835 or before. R. w. 13 Seymoiin Bot. Reg. 1975., and our ^g. 1126. — Raised at High Clere in 1835 or before. IlSq. R.n thyrsifldrum. 1125. J2. n. scintillans. 1126. R. 11. Sejmoiiri. Varieties and Hybrids assigned to A. nudiflora in Loddiges's Catalogue ior 1836 are the following : — A. n. 2 alba et rilbra. 3 amcE^na. 4 bl&nda. 5 cSrnea. 6 carol iniana. 7 Cobiirgia. 8 colorata. 9 conspicua. 10 crispa. 11 cumula. 12 discolor. 13 fastigi4ta. 14 fldre plfeno. 15 fli5rida. 16 globbsa. 17 grandiflbra. 18 incfina. 19 incarn^ta. 20 mirabilis. 21 montana. 22 ochroledca. 1127. A. n. rosea. . n. 23 pallida. 34 palliddsa. 25 papilion&cea. 26 /jericlymendides. 27 purpurascens. 28 purpurea. 29 rbsea. IJig. 1127.) 30 ruberrima. 31 rubicunda. 32 rilbra. 33 rafti. 34 rCltilans. 35 serotina. 36 stamlnea. 37 stell^ta. 38 tricolor. 39 varia. 40 vari&bilis. 41 variegata. i 42 versicolor. 43 tiiolicea. 1 JUL 20. R. (n.) Bi'cOLOR G.Don. (A. (n.) bi'colohPumA.) flowered Azalea. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonymes. Azalea bfcolor Pursh Sept. 1. p. 153. ; Azalea nudift6ra var. Wcolor Ait. Hort. Keic. I. p. 319. Engravings. Trew Ehret, 48. ; and omjig. 1128. Spec. Char., Src Leaves oblong, clothed on both sur- faces with fine hoary pubescence, not bristly on the nerve. Flowers small, not clammy, naked, smaller and more slender than those of most of the other species. Tube of corolla hardlv longer than the The two-coloureil segments. Calyxes very short; having one of nss. x. m.) wcoior XLIII. jBRICA^CEiE : BHODODE^NDRON. 595 the segments linear, and 4 times longer than the rest. Filaments ex- serted. Branchlets hispid. (Don's Mil/.) A deciduous shrub. Carolina and Georgia, on barren sandy hills. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1734. Flowers red and white ; May. ' 31 21. i?. (n.) CALENDULA'CEUM Tbrr. (A. (n.) calendulaYea A/ZcAjt.) MsLtigold-^owered Azalea. i Identification. Torr. FI. Un. St., p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonymes. Azalea calendulacea Michx. FI. Bor. Amer. \. p. Ififi. ; A. nudiflt)ra var. coccinea Ait. Hort. Kew. 319. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. J72. ; Bot.^ Cab., t. 1394. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1454. ; and ont fig. 1129. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, pubescent on both sur- { faces, but afterwards hairy. Flowers large, not clammy, rather naked. Teeth of calyx oblong. Tube of corolla hairy, shorter than the segments. (Don's Aim.) A deciduous shrub. North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1806. Flowers yellow, red, orange- coloured, or copper-coloured ; May and June. The 1129. «. (n.) calsndulioeum. Varieties. * R. c. 2 Mortem Siut. Fl.-Gard. 2d s. lO; — A hybrid between .K.calen- dulaceum and one of the red varieties of R. nudiflorura, of which there are two subvarieties; one with a flesh-coloured corolla, having the upper segment orange-coloured, edged with flesh-colour, called R. Morten'i carneum ; and another, called R, Morterw var. pree'stans, with pale copper-coloured flowers, tinged with bhish. R. c. 3 fidgidum Hook. A. c. fulgida Hort. — Corollas of an orange-red colour, with bright green leaves, which spread out beneath the ci.rymbs of flowers, and form a rich back- ground to them. ^ R. c. 4 lepidum Bot. Reg. t. 1402., and our fig. 1130. — Raised at High Clere. 11.10. R. c. lepidara. i -»« 22. R. c.ane'scens G. Don. (A. cane'scens Michx.) The canescent Azalea. Ventification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. iimmymcs. Azalea canescens Mx. Fl. Bor. 1, p. 1.50., Ph. Sept. 1. p. 1-52. ; A. viscbsapubescens Lod. ,'igraving. Lodd. Bot. Cab. 441. ; and oar fig. 2097. in p. 1108. jwc. Char., t^c. Leaves obovate-oblong, downy above, and tomentose be- i neath, not bristly on the middle nerve. Flowers not clammy, nearly naked. ^ Tube of corolla hardly shorter than the segments. Teeth of calyx very .ihort, rounded, obtuse. Stamens hardly exserted. {Doji\s Mill.) A deci- duous shrub. Lower CaroUna, on the banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. .Introduced in 1812. Flowers rose-coloured; May and June. j 23. R. visco'suM Torr. (A.visco'sAi.) The clammy- ! flowered Azalea. cnlification. Torr. Fl. Uu. St., p. 140. ; Bon's Mill., 3. p. 847. ^nnnyme. Azalea visc5sa Lin. Sp. 214. graving. Oar fig. 1131. i>ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-obovate, acute, smooth jand green on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, jhaving the midrib bristly. Flowers produced in jterminal clusters; and clammy, leafy, and hairy. Tube of corolla as long as the segments. Teeth of the calyx short, rounded. Stamens hardly longei than the corolla. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Q Q 2 1131. R. v.ia. 12 actir.ata. 13 Aur6r«. 14 basilissa. l.l calodcndron. 16 calocoryphe. 17 Cartbnra. (Jig. 1133.) 18 chariessa. 19 coccinea uobilis. 20 euds^non. 21 euprepes. 22 Go\h\ia. 23 Herbert;^rea!. 24 imperStrix. 25 inclyta. 267asminod6ra. 27 lepida. 28 ochroleClca. 29 poikila. 30 pontica Howard. hexapla. 31 pulchella. 32 regalis 33 rugens. 34 thyrsiildra. 1133. A. V. Cartonia. C. HybridcB belgiccs. Hi/brids raised i?i Belgium in 1829 or before. 35 .'\gate. 36 albo pleno. 37 amabilis. 38 nmarantina. 39 amoenissima. 40 ardens. 41 atro-riibens. 42 aurantia maxima. 43 blandina. 44 calendulacea globbsa. insiguis. r\hv,\. supciba. 45cardon. 46 coccinea maxima. specidsa. 47 concinn.i. 48 coruscaiis. 49 crdcea. globbsa. 50 cru^nta. 51 cdprea. alba. ^legans. eximia. globbsa. rObra. splendens. 52 decorata. 53 decus hortbrum. 64 dulcddo. 55 electa. electa maxima. rClbra. 56 elegantissima. 57 exquisita. 58 Ferrockn. 59 flamboyante. 60 fulgida. 61 fulva. 62 glbria mundi. m&xima. minor^ 63 Gulielmus primus. 64 hybrida coccifera. coccinea. nivea. 65 incarnata maxima. rilbra. 66 Ifepida. 67 ICltea rubicunda. 68 magnlfica. 69 maritima incarnata. 70 miniata. 71 mirabilis. 72 mixta triiimphans. 73 monica. 74 Mort6r». 75 nfe plus iiltra. 76 nobilis. 77 noritas antill^scens. 78 noritata. 79 optima. 80 ornSta pallida. 81 picturata. 82 pontica globbsa. Konink. tricolor var. 83 pra?stantissiraa. 84 pulchella. 85 punfcea. 86 recqiii. 87 regina belgica. 88 restantlssima. 89 ri'gida incarnita. 90 robi'jsta. 91 rilbra aurantia. fUlva. 92 rubricata. 93 sanguinea. 94 Saturm'. 95 severa. 96 specibsa. 97 specioslssima. 98 spk'ndens. 99 splendida. 100 sulphiirea. 101 superba. 102 tricolor Jacbbi. Wolff. 103 triiimphans, 104 varieg&ta. 105 venusta. 106 venustissima. 107 versicolor. 24. R. (v.) GLAU'CUM G. Don. f A. (V.) glauVa Pursh.) The glaucous- leaved Azalea, IdentificaUon. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. Synonynies. Azalea glaiica Fursh Sept. 1. p. 1.54. ; Azalea viscbsa var. floribiinda Ait. Hort. Kt 1. p. 319. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 5. ; and omt fig. 1134. XLIII. £RICACE.E : BHODODE'nDUON. 597 Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlets hispid. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, cih- ated on the margins, having the midrib bristly. Flowers !very clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla twice longer than the segments. Calyx very short. Filaments about equal in length to the segments of the corolla. (Don''s Mill.) \ A deciduous shrub. New England to Virginia, in swamps in clayey soil. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1734. Flowers white ; June and July. This shrub is dw^arfer than any of the other North 1134. R.(n.)giaacum. American species of Azalea ; and it produces its fragrant i white flowers in great abundance. Nuttall considers it as only a variety of ' R. viscosum, differing in nothing but in the under surface of the leaves being ; glaucous ; in which opinion we concur. 1 St 25. R. (v.) Hi'sPiDUM Torr. (A. (v.) hi'spida Pursh.) The hispid Azalea. ' Identificalion. Torr. Fl. Un. St., p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonymes. Azalea hispida Pursh Sept. 1. p. 154. ; Azalea viscbsa var. gladca Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 319. ? i Engrailing,!. Dend. Brit., t. 6. ; and our Jig. 1 13-5. j Spec. Char,, Sfc. Branches straight, very hispid. Leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above, and smooth beneath, glaucous on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the nerves bristly beneath. Stamens 5 — 10. I Flowers very clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla wide, ; scarcely longer than the segments. Teeth of i calyx oblong, rounded. Filaments exserted. {Doit's ! Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New York and Pennsyl- '. vania, on the borders of lakes on the highest part of 1 the Blue Mountains. Height 10 ft. to loft. Intro- \ duced in 17.34. Flowers white, rose-coloured before i expansion ; July and August. ; Readily distinguished from the other hardy azaleas by Its bluish appearance. 26. R. (v.) ni'tidum Torr. (A. ni'tida Pursh.) The ^ossy-leaved Azalea. Identification. Torr., 1. c. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonyme. AzMea nitida Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 153. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 414.; and our Jig. 1136. Spec, Char., 4"c. Branches smoothish. Leaves oblanceo- late, rather mucronate, coriaceous, smooth on both surfaces, shining above, having the nerve bristly beneath, with revolute ciliated margins, smaller than in any other species. Flowers clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla a little longer than the segments. Calyx very short. Filaments exserted. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New York to Virginia, in deep mossy swamps on the mountains. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white, tinged with red ; June and July. Capsule brown. ^ 27. R. sp^cio^svM G. Don. (A. specio'sa wv/w.) The showy Azalea. (f-entificatiun. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. '■ynonymcs. AzMea specidsa Willd. Enum. p. 10. : A. cocc{nea Lodd. Bot. 1^ Cab. t. G24. ■Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 624. ; Dend. Brit., t. 116. ; and our fig. 1137. ^pec. Char., Sfc. Branches hairy. Leaves lanceolate, ' ciliated, acute at both ends. Calyx pubescent. Corolla silky, with obtuse, ciliated, lanceolate, undulated segments, QQ 3 1135. R. (t.) hispidum. U36. R. (T.)nitidum. 1137. R speciosum- 598 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Stamens exserted. Height 2 ft. to ti ft. (Don's 3Iil/.) A deciduous shrub. North America, j Introduced in 1812. Flowers scarlet; June and July 1138. R. arbor6scens. with a fr 3i 28, i2. arbore'scens Tbn-. (A-AHBORE'scENsPwrsA.) The arborescent Azalea. Identification. Torr., 1. c. ; Don's MilU, 3. p. 847. Synonyines. Azalea arborescens Pursh Fl. Amcr. Sept. 1. p. 153. ; A. arb6rea Bart. Cat. Engravings. Oar fig. 1 138. from a specimen in the herbarium of Professor DeCandolle. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, rather obtuse, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, cili- ated on the margins, having the midrib almost smooth. Flowers not clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla longer than the segments. Calyx leafy, with the segments oblong and acute. Filaments exserted. (Don's Ulil/.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Pennsylvania. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers rose-coloured ; June and July. Pursh says it forms, with its elegant foliage, and large, abundant, rose-coloured flowers, the finest ornamental shrub he knows. The flowers are not so pubescent as those of the other species. The scales of the flower buds are large, yellowish brown, and surrounded white border. § vii. K/iodora D. Don. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. Derivation. From rhodon, a rose ; in reference to the colour of the flowers. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate , upper lip broadest, and 2 — 3-cleft; lower one biden- tate. Stamens 10. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Leaves deciduous. (Don^s Mill.) jn 29. R. i?HODO^R.A. G. Don. (/^hodo'ra canade'nsis i.) The Canada Rhodora. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Synonyme. RhoAiira. canadensis Lin. Sp. 561. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 474. ; and our fig. 1139. Spec. Char., Sf-c. Leaves oval, quite entir^, pubescent and glaucous beneath. Flowers in terminal clusters or racemose umbels, pale purple, and protruded before the leaves. (Don's Mill.) An erect deciduous shrub. Canada, Newfoundland, and on the mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, in bogs. Height 2 ft. In- troduced in 1767. Flowers pale purple; April and May. C^sules brown ; ripe in August. Genus XXII. 1130. R. Hhoii*'" KA'LMIA L. The K.4.lmia. Lin. Sj/st. Decandria Monogjnia. j Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 545. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. j Synonyme. American Laurel. j Derivation. Named by LinniEus in honour of Peter Kalm, professor at Abo, in Sweden ; author olj Travels in America in 1753. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; under side of limb pro- ducing 10 cornute protuberances, and as many cavities on the upper side, ii!i xLiii. i:RicA^CEiE : ka'lm/^. 599 which the anthers lie, or are concealed. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded ; dis- sepiments marginal. (Don's 2Itl/.) Leaves simple, alternate, or ternately verticillate, exstipulate, entire, ever- green ; buds naked. Flowers in terminal, racemose, compound corymbs, but in K. hirsuta solitary and axillary. Pedicels long, 1-flowered, tribracteate at the base ; external bractea originating from the rachis. Anthers opening bv two oblique truncate pores. — Undershrubs, evergi-een; natives of North America ; poisonous in all their parts, and often fatal to cattle. ii 1. K. latifo'lia L. The broad-leaved Kalmia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 560. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 296. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. : Synonymes. Mountain Laurel, Calico Bush, Calico Flower, Amer. ; Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 175. ; Schmidt Baum., t. 166. ; and 1 ourjffg. 1140. ; Spec, Char., S/'c. Leaves on long petioles, I scattered or 3 in a whorl, oval, coriaceous, I smooth, and green on both surfaces. Co- ' rymbs terminal, downy, and viscid. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen glabrous shrub. Ca- , nada to Carolina, on the sides of stony hills. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1734. ' Flowers white, tinted with pale pink, deli- i cately spotted ; June and July \ This shrub, in its native soil, continues flow- |ering great part of the summer; but it is only :in particular places where it thrives. These are generally rocky, sterile, and near water. Leaves of this species are poisonous to cattle and sheep, but not to deer. luo. K.iatifMia. H. 2. K. ANGUSTiFoYiA L. The narrow-leaved Kalmia. \Uentijkation. Lin. Sp., 561. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 296. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. '.Synonyme. Sheep Laurel, Amer. ti.ngramngs. Bot. Mag., t. 331. ; Bot. Cab., t. 502. ; and our Jig. 1141. \>VS Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves petiolate, scattered or 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, rather rusty beneath. Corymbs lateral. Bracteas linear. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with glandular pubescence. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Canada to Carolina, in bogs, swamps, and sometimes in dry mountain lands. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers dark red ; May to July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Variett/. a. A", a. 2 ovdta Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 296. — j ""• K.angustroiia. A uative of New Jcrscy, I on the mountains, with broader leaves and a ! taller stem than the species. , j» 3. K. GLAu'cA Ait. The Raucous-leaved Kalmia. ''dentification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2. p. 64. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 296. ; ' Don's Mill., 3. p. p.TO. ■ynonyme. K. polifolia Wangh. Act. Soc. Berol. 8. p. 129. t. 5. ■ ngravings. Bot. Mag., t. 177. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1508. ; and our fig. 1142. ^"^pec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets somewhat 2-edged. Leaves ' opposite, on short petioles, oblong, smooth, glaucous : beneath, with revolute edges. Corymbs terminal, I compound, bracteate. Pedicels and calyxes gla- brous. (Don's Mill.) A very handsome, upright, j small shrub. Canada, in bogs, and on the borders Q Q 4 1142. K.gla&ca. 600 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of the mountain lakes of New York and Pennsylvania, and of the Island of Sitcha. Height 1ft. to 2ft. Introduced in 1767. Flowers pale red; April and May. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varietii. a. K. g. 2 vosmarinifdlia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 296. — Leaves linear, more revolute on the margins, and having the under surface green. The flower is comparable to a miniature parasol : the corolla to the cover- ing, the stamens to the rays that keep the covering distended, and the stjle to the handle. CL 4. K. CUNEA^TA Michx. The wedge-shaped-Zeawcf Kalmia. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 257. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 29G. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8.W. Engrnvmi;.lium Bergius in Act. Fetrop. 1779 p. 1. t. 3. f. 2. ; iedum ihymitoliura Lam. Diet. 3. p. 459. ; iedum ierpyllif 61ium L'Herit. Stirp, Xov. 2. t. 10. ; Ammvrsine AuxiR)lia Piirsh Sept. I. p. 301. ; Sand Myrtle, Netv Jersey. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 531. ; Bot. Cab., t. 52.; and ou Jig- 1149- Spec. Char., S^c. See Gen. Char. An elegant little evergreen shrub. New Jersey, and the mountains of Carolina, particularly on the highest summits of the Catawba ridge. Height ^ 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, rendering it highly ornamental ; May and June. L. prostrdtum. Ammyrsine prostrata Sivt., Loud. Hort. Brit. No. 28221. ; A. Lyoni Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 1830 p. 34-4. — Branches spread- ing. Leaves oblong. Genus XXVI. 1149. L. (hymifollum LE'DUM L. The Ledum. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 546.; Gartn. Fruct., 2. p. 145. t. 112. ; Juss. Gen., 159.; Nutt. Gen, Amer., 1. p. 275. ^ Derivation. Ledon was the name applied by the ancients to a plant producing the substance callM labdanum, and now known by the name of Cistus Lddon. In foliage, the LMum of modem bo- tanists hears some distant resemblance to the plant of the ancients. Gen. Char. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Corolla 5-petaled; spreading Stamens 5 — 10, exserted. Anthers opening by two terminal pores. Ca])- sule sub-ovate, 5-celled, 3-valved, opening at the base, pedicellate. _ Seed.>^ numerous. Hat, linear, scabrous, furnished with a membranous wing a, each extremity. {Don's Mill.) : Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; coriaeeous, with revoi lute margins, and tomentose on the under surface. Floivers white, disposei in terminal corymbs ; pedicejs bracteate at the base. — Shrubs, evergreerj low, procumbent, or dwarf, exhaling a peculiar scent when bruised; native) of Europe or North America. \ XLIII. TRICA^CE^ : iE^'DUM. 603 1150. L. paltistre. a. 1. Z(. PALu'sTRE L. The Marsh Ledum. Identification. Lin. Sp., G51. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 300. ; Don's Mill., , 3. p. 851. I Synont/mes. Afedum silesiacum Clus. Pan. 68. ; iJosmarinum syl- t yestre Cam. Epit. 546. ' Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 136. ; Bot. Cab., t. 560. ; and our /g. 1150. , Spec. Char., c^-f. Leaves linear, with revolute mar- trins, clothed with rusty tomentuni beneath. Stamens' 10, longer than the corolla. Leaves resembling those of rosemary. (Don's Mill.) An erect evergreen shrub. Canada, in swamps, and round the mountain lakes of New York ; in i Kotzebue's Sound, &c. ; also the North of Europe, as Denmark, Silesia, &c. Height 2 ft. Litroduced j in 1762. Flowers white ; April and May. j Variety. o- L. p. 2 decumbens Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. iii. p. 48. — A decumbent shrub, a I native of Hudson's Bay. ! n. 2.L. LATiFOLiUM Ait. The broad-leaved Ledum, or Labrador Tea. i Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 65. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 300. ; Don's I Mill., 3. p. 851. Synonymes. L. groenlandicam Retz. Obs. 4. p. 2fi.; L. palustre Mickx. Fl. Bor. Amer. I. p. 259. ; Labrador Tea, Amer. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 164. ; Bot. Cab., t. 534. ; and our fie.\Vo\. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lineai'-oblong, with replicate margins, clothed with rusty tomentuni beneath. Sta- mens 5, about the length of the corolla. Flowers white. {Don's Mill.) A larger and broader-leaveti evergreen shrub than L. palustre. Canada, in mossy swamps ; and Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland, and Hudson's Bay. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Litroduced in 1763. Flowers white ; April and May. The leaves are said to be used in Labrador, as a sub- btitute for tea. Bees are very fond of the flow ers. nsi. r,. latifoUum. a- 3. Z. canade'nse Lodd. The Canadian Ledum. Identification. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1040. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 851. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1049. ; and our^g. 1152. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate-petiolate, white beneath. Flowers disposed in terminal umbellate corymbs, large. (Doiis Alill.) A low evergreen shrub. Canada, in swamps. Height 6 in. Litroduced in 1812. Flowers white ; April and May. 1152. L, canadense. Sect. III. Faccinie^.e D. Don. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 851. |5erf. Char., ^c. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary connate with the caly.x. Disk peri- 1 gjnous, nectariferous. Fruit baccate. Gemmation scaly. The genera in ■ this section agree with /'accinium in the ovary adhering to the calyx. i (Don's Mill.) Deciduous and evergreen shrubs, natives of Europe and : North America; cultivated in peat soil, and propagated, generally, by di- ! vision of the plant, but sometimes by layers, and, when necessary, by cuttings or seeds. 604 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus XXVII. — afc I Ltf^.J I — atti. i^—) i j^ I FACCrNIUM L. The Whortleberry. Monogjnia. Lin. Syst. Oct-Decandria Identification. Lin. Gen., 191. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 355. ; Pursh Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 282 : Juss. Gen., 162. ; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 263. ; Lara. 111., 286. ; Gaertn. Fruct., t. 28. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 851. Sunonymes. /'itis idae'a Tmirn. Inst. t. 377. ; Airelle, Fr. ; Heidelbeere, Ger. Derivation. An ancient Latin name, but whether of a berry or a flower has been a point in dispute among critics, as well as its etymology. Gen. Char. Calyx 4 — o-toothed. Corolla urceolate or campanulate, more or less deeply 4 — 5-cleft; limb reflexed. Stamens 8 — 10, hypogynous. Anthers 2-horned, dehiscing at the summits, and sometimes furnished at the back with two spreading spines or bristles. Style longer than the sta- mens. Stigma obtuse. Berry globose, depressed at top, 4 — 5-celled, many-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; membranous, often beset with resinous dots. Floivers pedicellate, and solitary, simply racemose, or tufted, drooping, inodorous, tinted with various shades of red or pink, never blue, scarcely yellowish, generally very elegant. Berries black, purple, bluish, erred, generally eatable. — Shrubs, low, suftruticose, gemmaceous , natives of Europe or North America. The species are in a good deal of confusion, from the whole of them never having been studied together in the same garden. We have followed the arrangement of G. Don, as the latest and best, not having had an opportunitj ourselves of examining all the species said to be in cultivation in Britisl gardens. A. Leaves deciduous. a. Pedicels \-Jloivered, usually solitary, rarely tiuin, or fasciculate. ]. V. Myrti'llus L. The Little-Myrtle-Z/A-e Whortleberr}-, Bilberry, or Bleaberry. , 3. p. 851. or common Iitentifkation. Lin. Sp., 498. ; Smith Engl. Fl., 2. p. 219. ; Don's Mill Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 4-56. ; Fl. Dan., t. 974. ; and omfig. 1153. Spec. Char., Sfc. Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. Leaves serrated, ovate, smooth. ! Stem acutely angular, smooth. Calyx hardly divided. Corolla globose generally 3-clcft, of a very delicate, waxy, pink hue. (Bon's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North of Europe, on heaths, stony moors, and mountain woods ; North of Africa and Asia ; and at Nootka Sound and Nova Scotia, in America. Plentifid in Britain and Ireland, and also in Iceland; and pro cumbent about the subalpine zone in England, where it rarely produces flowers. Height 6 in. to 2 ft. Flowers delicate, waxy, pink ; May. Berries bluish black, about the size of currants, and covered with a mealy bloom ; ripe in October. Variety. ■*" V. J\f. 2 baccis dibits Booth has white fruit. Plants of this variety were dis- covered in 18.35 in the Black Forest. The berries are eaten in tarts, or with cream, or made into jelly, in the northern and western counties of England and Scotland ; and, in other parts of the country, they are made into pies and 11A3. K Mjrtillus. A XLIII. i;RICA''CEiE : rACCl'NIUM. 605 1154, V- uHgin6flum. Ipuddings. Their juice has been employed to stain paper or linen purple, iln autumn, many kinds of game live upon them, and the plant affords them Ishelter. In gardens, it may be cultivated in sandy peat, kept moist, in a situ- jation airy, but somewhat shaded. 1 jit2. V. ULiGiN'o'sUiM L. The Bog Whortleberry, or great Bilberry. lldentification. Lin. Spec, 499. ; Smith Eng. Fl., 2. p. 210. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 851. tSytionyme. Jlyrtillus grandis Bauh. Hist. 1 p. .518. Engravings. Fl. Dan., t. 231. Eng. Bot., t. 5S1. ; and our fig. 1154. Spec. Char., Sfc. Pedicels somewhat aggregate, 1-flov/ered. Leaves obovate, entire, smooth. Branches terete. Taller than the common bilberry, and of a more glaucous hue. Leaves glaucous be- I neath. Flowers flesh-coloured, with 8 long-horned stamens. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North of Europe, North America, and North of Asia, I in marshy mountain heaths and alpine bogs. Height ; 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flovvers flesh-colo'ured ; April and May. ; Berries large, juicy, black, and covered with a mealy bloom ; ripe in October. ■ The berries are agreeable, but inferior in flavour to ':hose of V. Myrtillus; eaten in large quantities, they pccasion giddiness, and a slight headache. In France rliey are used to colour wines red ; and in Siberia and jSweden they furnish an ardent spirit that is highly vola- l.ile and intoxicating. They afford excellent sustenance i:o game. In gardens, it may be cultivated like the preceding species. i ; J* 3. V. ANGusTiFo^LiuM Ait. The narrow-leaved Whortleberry. Vdenti/lcation. Ait. Hnrt. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 356. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 852. jiynonyme. V. myrtilloides Mic/tx. Ft. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 234. 'Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3447. ; and our fig. ll.'>5. Spec. Char., ^-c. Pedicels scattered, mostly solitary, l-flowered, naked. i Leaves lanceolate, nearly entire, downy at the ribs and i margins. Berries large, and known by the name of j bluets. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. Ca- I nada, about Hudson's Bay and Labrador ; and the j high alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains, from the ; Atlantic to the Pacific. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Intro- ' duced in ! 776. Flowers flagon-shaped, yellowish areen, I or white tinged with red ; April and May. Berries I large, globose, blackish purple, highly esteemed by the , I inhabitants of the countries where the plant is indige- j nous; ripe in October. 1155. r. angustifoiium. ! -a 4. F. c^sPiTo'suM Michx. The tufted Whortleberry identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 234. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 852. \-ngravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3429. ; and our^^. 1156. 'fpec. Char., ^c. Flowers lateral, solitary, nearly sessile. I Leaves somewhat wedge-shaped, rounded, obtuse, I serrated, membranous, very smooth. A little shrub, ' with many crowded stems, from 2 in. to 4 in. high, I very smooth in every part. Corolla of a short urceo- j late form. Berries nearly sessile, globose. (Don's I Mill.) A small deciduous shrub, with crowded stems. ; Hudson's Bay, in the Island of Sitcha, and on the Rockv I Mountains. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1823. Flowers I numerous, exceedingly delicate and beautiful, white, ; with a deep tinge of blush ; Mav. Berry blue black| ■ with a glaucous bloom ; ripe in October. use. v. c=.spi.6.um. 606 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 115". V, galexiinj. b. Floivers in sessile Tufts. jtk ,5. V. GALE'ZJNS Michx. The Gale-like Whortleberry. Identification. Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 232. ; Don's Miil., 3. p. 853. Synonyme. V. ,?rtM6rmis Smith in Rees's Cycl. No. 16. Eiigraving. Our fig. 1157. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Flowers on very short stalks, in sessile tufts. Leaves sessile, lanceolate-wedge- shaped, slightly serrated, downy. Calyx pointed. Corollas ovate, much contracted at the mouth. Style prominent. Michaux describes this shrub as having the aspect of il/yrica Gale, with slight downy branches. Leaves varying. The pedicels, shorter than the flowers, burst from a bud composed of numerous crowded scales. {Don^s AiilL) A low deciduous shrub. Virginia and Carolina, in shady woods and swamps. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers yellowish white; May and June. Berry small, globular, black ; ripe in October. jfc 6. V. tene'llum Ait. The delicate Whortleberry. Identification. Ait. Hon. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 358. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. Synonywe. V. ponnsylvauicum Lam. Diet. p. 74. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 35. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3434. ; our fig. 1158. from Watson, and fig. U59. from Bot. Mag. Si^ec. Char., Sfc. Flowers in dense sessile tufts. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, finely serrated, smooth, except the rib and margins. Branches angular, with a downy line on each side. Calyx of 5 deep acute seg- ments. (Don^s Mill.) A low, very branching, deciduous shrub. New England to Vir- ginia, on dry hills, on gravelly soil. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers pale red or white ; May. Berries large, bluish black, extremely sweet and pleasant; ripe October-. The mountains of Pennsylvania'produce an immense variety of this species, remarkable for the size and shape of the fruit, leaves, and flowers. Leaves sometimes 1 in. long. (^Doii's Mill.) j» 7. V. iiGu'sTRiN'UM Michx. The Privet-like Whortleberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 283. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. Engraving. Our fig. 1160. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., d^c. Flowers in tufts, and nearly sessile ; as are the leaves, which are also erect, lanceolate, mucro- nate, finely serrated, veiny and downy. Corolla longish and ovate. Branches angular. (Don's Mill.) An erect deciduous shrub. Pennsylvania to Virginia, in dry woods, and common on the mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. introduced in 1812. Flowers purplish" red ; May to July. Berries black ; ripe in October. 1158. r. tenillum. 1159. C. tenmuin. Variety. 1160. r. /ig4suinum 8. V. c. Flowers disposed in Racevies. pa'llidum Ait. The ^a\e-Jloiuei-ed Whortleberry. Identificati07i. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 2^h. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. Engraving. Our fig. 1161. from a specimen in the British Museum. J XLIII. ERICA CE.Ti: : KACCI NIUM. 607 Spec. Char., Spc, Racemes bracteate. Corolla cylin- drically bell-shaped. Leaves ovate, acute, finely serrated. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub, j North America. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1772. j Flowers whitish ; May and June. is 9. V. arbo'reum Marsh. The Tree-like Whortle- berry. Idcniification. Marsh, in Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 230. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. Si/nonyme. V. diffClsura Ait. Hart. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 336. iEngravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1885. ; and out Jig. 1162. Spec. Char., i^c. Pedicels axillary and solitary, or j terminal and racemose, naked. Leaves ovate, acute, n^i k. piiudum. with slight glandular serratures ; polished above, and rather downy beneath. Corollas bell-shaped, acute. Stamens the length I of the tube. Berries globular, almost dry. Branches terete, downy while I young. (Don's Mill.) An elegant deciduous shrub, with the habit of a tree f North Carolina to Florida, in dry woods, on the rocky ] banks of rivers. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in ■ 1765. Flov^ers white, tinged with red ; June and July. I Berries black ; ripe in November. i This species joins the solitary-flowered species with the [•acemose-flowered species ; the axillary flowers being soli- ary and pedicellate, and the terminal ones racemose. In British gardens, it flowers and fruits freely in peat soil. 11C2. V. arborexim. ji 10. V. stami'neum L. The /o«g-stamened Whortleberry. 'dentificatio7i. Lin. Sp., •198. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. ii/nonyiiies. V. album Pursh Sept. 1 . p. 285. ; V. elev^tum Banks Herb. ; Deer Berry, Amer. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 263. ; and our fig. 1163. ipec. Char., (5)-c. Racemes downy, with oval bracteas as long as the flowers. Anthers 2-horned on the back, twice as long as the spreading bell-«haped corolla. Leaves ellip- tic, acute, entire, glaucous, and rather 1 downy beneath. Stem 2 ft. high, with j numei'ous green branches, which are downy j while young. Leaves H or 2 inches long, i on very short downy stalks. Flowers de- j candrous, copious, white, having linear I anthers, which are horned near the base. ! The bracteas resemble the leaves, but are I much smaller. (Don's Mi//.) A low de- I ciduous shrub. New England to Florida. i Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers white ; May and June. Berries greenish or white ; ripe in October. anety. j» V. s. 2 d/6tim H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer. iii. p. 267. — The leaves are larger, and ciliated on the nerves beneath, and on the margins. Corolla campanulate and white. It is a native of Mexico, in woods, between Pachuca and Real del Monte, where it seldom grows above 6 in. high. ji II. V. DUMo'suM Ait. The bushy Whortleberry. lentificalion. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 356. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. S.^. [monymes. V. frondbsum Michx . Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 230. : V. hirtellum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 'vol. 2. p. 357. ngravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1106. ; Bot. Rep., t. 112. ; and ouryT^. 1164. pec. Char., ^r. Racemes downy, with oval bracteas, and the pedicels with ilG3. r. sfamjnenm. GOB ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2 lanceolate bracteoles. Leaves obovate, mucronate, entire, downy, and viscid. Ovarium hairy. Corolla bell-shaped, obtuse, longer than the stanaens. Branches round. Leaves Hin. lona;. Calycine segments fringed. (^Don^s Mill.) A low bushy deciduous shrub. New Jersey to Florida, in dry sandy woods, particularly in pine forests. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1774'. Flowers white, tinged with pink, rather large ; June and July. Berries black, globulai- ; ripe in November. Variety. ^ Y.d.2 kumile Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 32. —The flowers are white ; anthers red ; pedicels solitary, axillary. Shrub, 6 in. high. 1164. K. dum6sum. ^ 12. V. coRVMBO~suM L. The corymhose-^otvo-ed Whortleberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 499. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 853. ; Hook, in Bot. Mag., t. 3433. Synom/mes. V. araoe^num Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 3.')8. ; V. disomorphum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 231. ; F. elevitum Hort. ; V. album La7n. Diet. 1. p. 13. Engravings. Dend. Brit., 1. 123. ; Bot. Kep., t. 138. ; Bot. Mag., t. .3433. ; andour^s. 1165. and 1166. Spec. Char., ^c. Flowering branches almost leafless. Racemes corymbose} drooping, with membranous bracteas, which are shorter than the downy flower stalks. Leaves elliptic, acute, minutely serrated, smooth, with downy ribs. (Dun's Mill.) Leaves U in. to 2 in. long, tipped with a glandular point. Racemes rising from the branches of the preceding year, and seldom accompanied by leaves. Bracteas reddish, membranous, and fringed. Caly- cine segments broad and shallow. Corollas white or reddish, cylindrically urceolate, rather angular, and contracted at the mouth. Stamens 10, downy. Anthers enclosed, having a double pouch at the base, but no spurs. This species has a number of varieties, in size, shape, and colour of the leaves, flowers, and fruit. A tall deciduous shrub. Canada to Carolina and Georgia, in swamps and wet woods. Heiijht 4 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white or reddish ; May and June. Berries black, insipid, used in tarts like those of the cranberry ; ripe in October. 1165 r. corynib6silni. 1166. K. corymb6suni 1167. I', c. nrRiltuni. Mill. y'ai-iclie.':. at V. c. 2 viriings. Bot. Mag., t. 3428. ; and a\vc Jig. 1169. \:>ec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, obscurely ser- I rulate, membranous, pilose beneath, with spreading I hairs, especially on the midrib and primary veins. Flower-bearing branches leafless. Racemes a little corymbose, directed to one side, drooping, bracteated with shortly deciduous bracteas. Calyx spreading, with a tendency to be reflexed. Corolla broadly oval. Ovary wholly inferior. {Hooker.') A small deciduous shrub, with spreading branches. North America. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced ? 1820. Flowers white ; May. The affinity of this very pretty species is undoubtedly with V. corymbosum, but the half-superior ovary of V. corymbosum, and the wholly inferior one of V. albiflorum, and other points of difference implied in those noticed in the specific character above, have induced 8ir W. J. Hooker to think that the two are permanently dis- tinct. Li the Botanic Gar- n, Glasgow, it fruits abundantly every year, and p fruit is very good to eat. MARiA^NUM Wats. The Maryland Whortleberry. Wats. Dend. Brit., 1. 124. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 854. Synonyme. V. marilandicum Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 124. ; and our^^. 1170. 1170. r. marianum. Spec. Char., ^c. Racemes lateral, numerous, many-flow- ered. Corolla cylindrical, contracted at the mouth. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, distinctly and minutely denticulated. Flowers decandrous. (Doll's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North America. Height 3 ft, to 4 ft. Introd, 1812. Flowers white; May and June. jj 15. V. grandiflo'rum Wats. The great-flowered Whortleberry. il r. grandifl6rum. Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 125. f. a. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. S5* R R (1169. r. albifl6runi. 610 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Enrrravings. Dend. Brit., t. 125. A.; and our Jig. 1171. from a plant at Messrs. Loddiges, and^g. 1172. from Watson. Spec. Char., Sfc. Racemes terminal, 3 — 4-flowered. Corollas cylindrical, contracted at the mouth. Leaves lanceolate, finely serrated, attenuated at both ends, glabrous. Flow- ers decandrous. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North America. Height 1^ ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white; July and August. Berries purple; ripe in November. ^*^. 1172. K. grandiflorum. jt 16. ^. (g.) elongatum Writs. The elongated Whortleberry. Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 12.5. B. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 854. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 125. B. ; and our .^g. 1173. Spec. Char,, ^c. Corymbs few-flowered, bractless. Pedicels downy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrulated, each tipjied by a glandular hair, and having a few hairs on the nerves. Braiichlets downy. Corollas with reflexed teeth. (Don^s Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; July and August. Berries purple ; ripe in November. j4 17. V. Cg.) minutiflo'rum Wats. The minute-flowered Whortleberry. Idcniificati.in. Wats. Dend. Biit., t. 125. c. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 854. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 125. c. ; and oar Jig. 1174. Spec, Char., ^-c. Racemes terminal, few-flowered. Corollas cylindrical, with erect teeth. Leaves rather coriaceous, bluntly sub.'-errated, each tipped by a gland. {Bon^s jllill.) A low deciduous shrub. North America. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white: Julv and August. Berries purple ; ripe m November. 1173. r. fe.jelongi. tutu. 117-1. r. (s-) mlnuliflorum. _a 18. V. gla'bru.m Wats. The glabrous Whortleberry. Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 125. d. ; Don's Will., 3. p. 854. Engravings. Dend. Brit.,t. 125. n. ; and oxxr fig. 1175. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spikes lateral. Corollas campanulately cylindrical. Leaves elliptic, entire, glabrous. (Don's Mill.) A delicate, beautiful, and perfectly smooth deciduous plant North America. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers rose-coloured ; July and August. Berries purple ; ripe in November. \ 1175. K. glkbrum. jj, 19. F. FRONDo'suM L. The froudose Whortleberry Identification. Lin. Sp., 499. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 854. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synunymes. V. glaucum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 231. ; Blue Tangles, Amer. Engravings Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 140. ; and our fig. 1176. Spec. Char., ^c Racemes loose. Bracteas obovate, not half so long as the slender pedicels, which bear 2 small linear bracteoles in the middle. Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, smooth. Flowers small, almo.st globular, and white. Branchlets froudose (that is, abounding in leaves), terete, smooth, and slender. Leaves 2 in. to 3 in. long, glaucous beneath, and sprinkled with minute resin- ous dots. Racemes lateral, from the former years wood. Flowers drooping, greenish white, and shaped like those of the lily of the valley, but smaller. Anthers not prominent. (Dons Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. New Jersey to Carolina, in woods. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 1761. Flowers white ; May and June. Berries blue, globular, eatable ; ripe in October, 1176. r. fro;-.d6sum . XLiii. £RiCA^cE^ : tacci'nium. 611 i Vmiety. ! ^ v./. 2 venustitm Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2 vol. ii. p. 357. V. frondosum ( var. 3 lanceolatuiii Pursh Ft. Avier. Sept. i. p. 786. — The leaves are lanceolate, and acute at both ends. J, 20. V. RESiNO'suM Ait. The resinous Whortleberry. Mcntificaiion. Ait. Ilort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 357. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 854. Synonyme. Andr6meda bacc^ta IVang/i. Amer. t. 30. f. G9. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1288. ; and our Jig. 1177. Spec. Char., ^c. Racemes leafless, viscid, downy, with lanceolate bracteoles on the pedicels. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, bluntish, entire, covered with resinous dots. Cal}x in 5 deep ovate segments, longer than the ova- rium. Branches round, and downj' when young. Leaves usually 1 1 in. long, bright green on both sides, and rather vi.scid. Racemes lateral, upOn last year's wood, and drooping. (Do?i's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. Canada to Carolina, in woods and on mountains. Height 2 ft. Introduced in ] 782. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Berries black, 1177. V. re«n6sum. catable ; ripe in October. Varieties. V. r. 2 ruhescens Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 286., Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 1288. — Corollas reddish. V. r. 3 lutesce7is Pursh I. c. V. parviflorum Andr, Bot. Rep. t. 125. (our fig. 1178.) — Leaves lanceolate, and the flowers reddish yellow. V. r. lut^sceiii. m 21. V. ^rctosta'phylos L. The Bear's-Grape Whortleberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., .500. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8.54. Engraving. Oar Jig. 1179. from the plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char.. Sfc. Racemes lateral. Bracteas all at the baseof the pedicels. Leaves elliptic, acute, minutely serrated, hairy beneath. Stamens as long as the corolh which is bell-shaped, with very hairy filaments. Calyx slightly 5-lobed. Yoimg bran'-hes downy on both sides. Leaves 2^ in, long. Ra- cemes from the wood of the preceding \ ear, below the fresh leafy shoots, drooping, rather hairy ; each com- posed of 6 — 10 pendulous flowers, of a dirty white colour, tinged with purple. Anthers spurred at the base. Corollas bell-shaped, hair}'. (Don's Mill.) A j large deciduous shrub. Coast of the Black Sea. I Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers i white, tinged with purple ; May and June. Berries I purple ; ripe in October. , Commonly grown only as an ornamental shrub, yet it jmight be cultivated for its fruit, which is produced in very great abundance, is agreeable to the taste, and 'makes excellent tarts. All the garden culture required fis, to place the plants in sandy peat, or in peat and leaf iiiiould, kept moist. There seems to be a good deal of (Confusion, in British gardens, between this species and the ■following one 1179. V. ^rctostaplnlos. '* 22. V. (? A.) PADiFoYiUM Smith. The Bird-Cherry-leaved Bear's-Grape Whortleberry. Identification. Smith in Sees's Cycl., No. 22. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8.54. ' R R 2 612 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. V. ^rctostdphvlos Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 30. ; V. maderense Link Enum. p. 375. ; V, caucasicum Hort. ; V. ^ladifdlium cauc&sicum Hort. Soc. Cat. of Fruit edit. 1826 p. 203. Engravings. Bot. Rep., t. 30. ; Bot. Mag., t. 974. ; and our Jigs. 1180. and 1181., and^. 1182. from a specimen in the Hamraersraith Nursery. Spec. Char., ^-c. Racemes lateral. Bracteas all at the base of the pedicels Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrulated, smooth on both surfaces, except the midrib. Stamens nearly as long as the bell-shaped corolla, with smooth slightly fringed filaments. Calyx 3-lobed. Corollas larger than those of 1182 1180 1181 1180,1181,1182. r. (? >4) padiRlium. V. Jrctostaphylos, pale green, with a purple tinge : sometimes it appears to be all over purple externally. (Don's Mill.) A large deciduous shrub. Cau- casus, and Madeira on the loftiest parts of the island. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers pale green, tinged with purple; June to Berries black, juicy, eatable, and agreeably acid ; ripe in October. August. B. Leaves evergreen. a. Floivers racemose. «. 23. V. CARACASA^NUM H. B. et Kunth. The Caraccas Whortleberry. Identification. H. B. et Kunth Mov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 266. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 855. Engraving. Our fig. 1183. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes." Spec. Char., 4'c. Racemes axillary, twice as long as the leaves. Fbwers secund, octandrous or decandrous. Leaves elliptic, acute, crenulated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above. Anthers 2-horned on the back. Branchlets angular, glab/ous. Leaves __wfM, shining above, 9 — 10 lines long. Racemes crowded at the tops of the branches. Corolla campanulate, ^S glabrous, reddish white, with a 4 — 5-parted limb. ' Segments ovate, acutish. Filaments membranous, cihated. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. South- ern declivity of Mount Silla de Caraccas. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers reddish white ; May and June. Berries?. iiss- r. caraca«4nam. tt. 24. F. FfTis id^'a L. The Mount Ida Whortleberry, or Cowbemj. Identification. Lin. Sp., 500. ; Eng. FI., 2. p. 220. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. %r,5. Synonymes. Fitis idara rObra Cam. Epit. 136. ; the red Whortleberry. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1023. ; Eng. Bot., t. .598. ; Fl. Dan., t. 40. ; and our fig. 1184. Spec. Char., ^c. Racemes terminal, drooping, with ovate concave bracteas, which are longer than the pedicels. Leaves obovate, revolute, minutely toothed, dotted beneath. Corolla bell-shaped. Root creeping, woody. Stems ascending, a span high. Young branches terete, downy. Leaves like those of box, but darker. Flowers pale pink, 4-cleft, octandrous. An- thers without .spurs. Berries blood-red, acid, austere, and bitter ; less palatable than either the cranberry or bilberry. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive creeping evergreen shrub. Europe, Siberia, and North America, in many I I Lf XLllI. ^RICA^CEiE : KACCi'nIUM. 613 1184. Y. ritisidsB^a. places, more especially in barren woods and heaths. Height 6 in. ; in shel- tered places, 1 ft. Flowers pale pink ; May and June. Berries blood red ; ripe from August to October. The berries are scarcely to be eaten raw : but they are made into pies in Derbyshire ; and, in Sweden, a rob, or jelly, is made from them, which is eaten j with all kinds of roast meat. In Sweden, this pre- I serve is also considered an excellent medicine in ' colds, sore throats, and all irritations of the mouth I or fauces. In Siberia, the berries are macerated, I during the autumn and part of the winter, in water ; « and afterwards they are eaten in a raw state, and i fermented along with barley or rye, and a spirit ' distilled from them ; or with honey, and a wine pro- I diiced. Sweetmeats are also made of them with j honey or sugar, which, in 1814, we found in frequent ^ \ use in Moscow, at balls and masquerades. In Sweden [ and Norway, the plant 58 said to be used in gardens ' for edgings, as box is in Central Europe ; and, in [ British gardens, it is scacetiices so npplied to Ameri- j can beds and borders, and in other cases where the ' soil is peat. From its smooth shining foliage, and i the beauty of its flowers and fruit, the latter being , I retained on the plant for several months, it forms a more beautiful and I varied edging than box, provided clipping can be dispensed with. I H. 25. V. (V.) suxiFO^LiUM Salisb. The Box-leaved Whortleberry. Identification. Salisb. Par., t. 4. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. Synomime. V. brach^cerum Mic/ix. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 234. I Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 928. ; Bot. Cab., t. 648. ; and our figs. 1185. and 1186. } Spec. Char., S^c. Racemes axillary, of few flowers. Leaves petiolate, obo- I vate, toothed or crenated, smooth on both surfaces. Stems tufted. Corollas ' roundish-ovate. Filaments glandular. Stigma capitate. Flowers white, delicately striped with red. {DorCs Mill.) The leaves are, however, smooth, even, and not dotted on the under side. Corollas globular, contracted at the mouth, not bell-shaped. Stamens 10. Anthers spurless at the base, discharging their pollen by lateral, not by terminal, aper- tures. A hand- ^^V ^^^L^I^^P some little ever- " '^ ' ^ green shrub, in stature and gene- ral aspect resem- bling Face. Fitis idae'a. Western parts of Virginia, near Winchester I and the Sweet Springs. Height 6 in. Introd. 1794. Flowers white, delicately • striped with red ; June. Berries red ; ripe in October. J I. 26. V. (? V.) ii/YRTiFo'LiUM Michx. The Myrtle- i leaved Whortleberry. \ldentification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 229. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. ''Engraving. Our fig. 1187. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin I lies Plantes. \Spec. Char., Sfc. Creeping, quite smooth. Leaves petio- 1 late, oval, shining, revolute, sparingly and minutely ; toothed. Racemes axillary, nearly sessile, of few flowers. : Corolla bell-shaped, somewhat inflated, minutely 5- toothed. Anthers without dorsal horns. (Bon's Mil/.) ! BR 3 1185. V. {V.) (luxifiliuin. 118C. K(r.)iuxiR)Iium. 1187 r. (r.)m>Ttifolium. 614 ARBORETUM El" FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Michaux describes the berries as small, globose, crowned by the calyx, black, on short stalks. A low, creeping, evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1812. Flowers pink ; May to July. Berries black ; ripe in October. «~ 27. V. ni'tidum Ajidr. The glossy-leaved Whortleberry. Identification. Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 480. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 289. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. Engravings. Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 1550. ; and our Jig. U88. Spec. Char.y Sfc. Racemes terminal, corymbose. Bracteas shorter than the pedicels. Leaves elliptic-obovate, acute, crenated, smooth, and shining. Corollas cylindrical. Stems either erect or diffuse. Leaves \ in. to 1 in. long, paler and vein}' beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyx, very smooth, of a shining red or purjile colour. Caly.K of 5 broad, but rather shallow, segments. Corollas ovate, .^15.;,^ jbj obloniT, white or pink, with 5 slightly spreading teeth, de- "|^^^ candrous. The branches are downy on two opposite sides. ^^■■ (Don's Mill.') A decumbent evergreen shrub. Carolina. »^ Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1794'. Flowers white or pink ; May and June. Berries ?. uss. r. mtidum. The thick-leaved Whortleberry, Don's Mill., 3. Andr. Bot. Eep., t. 105. ; Pursh Fl. Amcr. Sept., 1. p. 289. Bot. Rep., t. 105. ; Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 1152. ; and our p. 856. USD. V. crassiBUura. t^ 28. V. CRASSiFO^LiUM Andr. Identification Engravings. fig. 1189. Spec. Char., Sfc. Racemes lateral and terminal, corymbose. Bracteas shorter than the pedicels. Leaves elliptic, crenated, smooth, paler and veiny beneath. Corolla bell- shaped. Stem diffuse. A hairy shrub, requiring some shelter from our variable winters and springs. Leaves not an inch long, with a little minute pubescence on the midrib and petioles. Flowers S-clel't, decandrous, prettily variegated with pink and white, drooping, on red corymbose stalks. Stamens hairy. (Dcm's Mill.) A trailing evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 6 in. In- troduced in 1787. Flowers pink and white; May and June. Berries ?. tt. 29. V. ovaVuji Pursh. The oxate-leaved Whortleberry. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 290. ; Horfk. et Am. in Beech. Voy., Pt. Bot, p. IM- Don's Mill,, 3. p. 8.56. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engraving.^. Bot. Reg. 13-54.; our,^^'. 1190. from a living speci- men, and.^^. 1191. from Bot. Reg. Spec. Char., Sfc. Racemes axillary and terminal, bracteate, short. Leaves on short petioles, oblong, ovate, acute, revolute, serrated, smooth, coriaceous. Corolla cylin- drical, campanulate. Calyxe.s acute. Shrub much branched. Branches hairy, as well as the petioles. (Doit's Mill.) A beautifid ever- green shrub. Banks of the Co- lumbia River, and on the north- west coast of America. Height 2ft. to 3ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers pink ; May. Berries black, size of a pea. V. canade'nse Richards. The Canada Whortleberry. Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. 1 1 90. Y. ovktuni. 30. Identification. Richards in Franklin 1st Journ., Append Eiigravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3446. ; and onrfig. 1192. XLiii. j;rica cEiE : oxyco ecus. 615 Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, quite entire, downy. Racemes terminal. Flowers in racemes of- from 4 to 6 in each. Style enclosed. Corolla short, and campanulate, white, tinged with red. Stem much branched. Leaves often 1 in. long. Berries blue black, agreeable to the taste. It may be readily known from V. corymbosum by its dwarf size, leafy flowering branches, and campanulate corolla ; from V. pennsyh anicum by its large quite entire leaves, and wider mouth to the corolla; and from both by its leaves being very hairy. A low, branchy, evergreen shrub. Canada. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1834. Flowers white, tinged with red ; iVIay. Berries ?. iioi y, canadense? b. Flowers disposed in scaly Tufts, nearly sessile. n. 31. V. ilfYRSiNi'TES Michx. The Myrsine-like Whortleberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 233. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 290. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. Engraving. Oar Jig. 1193. from a specimen in Sir \V. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers in terminal and lateral tufts. Leaves sessile, oval, mucronate, obscurely serrated, smooth and shining above, and rather hairy and dotted beneath. Stem erect, much branched. Corolla oblong-ovate. (Do7i's Mill.') Slightly downy branches. Leaves glandular be- neath. Tufts of flowers axillary, with purple scales. Calycine segments scarlet. Stamens 10. A beautiful little evergreen shrub. Carolina and Florida, in dry sandy woods. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers purple ; May and June. Berries ?. 856. 1193. r. i¥jTsinltes. p. 290 — Leaves lanceolate, acute Varieties. H- V. M. 2 lanceoldtus Pursh Sept. 1 at both ends, a. V. M. 3 obtiisus Pursh 1. c— Leaves roundish-obovate 1, 32. V. HUMIFU^SUM Grah. The trailing Whortleberry. Identification. Graham in Edinb. Phil. Journ. June, 1831 ; Don's Mill 3 d 857 Engraving. Our/rg. 1194. from a living specimen. "' Spec. Char., S^c. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, furnished with many bracteas. Leaves evergreen, ovate acutish, quite entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliated.' Stem prostrate, creeping. Flowers decandrous. An- thers obtuse, mntic. Branchlets downy. Flowers drooping. Corollas campanulate, white, often partially tinged with red outside, with reflexed teeth. Stigma 1 capitate. Filaments glabrous, flatteneil. {Don's Mill.) i A creeping evergreen shrub. North America, on the I Rocky Mountains. Height Sin. to 6 in. Introduced in ; 1827. Flowers white, tinged with red; May. Berrv ? purple, edible, well I flavoured ; ripe in October. - r . j Of hardy species of Taccinium not yet introduced seven are described tin our first edition. Genus XXVIII. 1194. V. humifiisum. iOXYCO'CCUS Pers. The Cranberry. Lin. Syst. Oct&ndria Monogynia. ' ldenni,a,tion. Pers. Syn., 1. p. 419. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 2C3. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 857. i R R 4 616 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonyme. Derivation. berries. Faccinium sp. of Lin. and otiiers. From oxus, sliarj), and Icukkos, a berry ; In reference to the sharp acid taste of the Gen. Char. Calyx 4-loothed. Corolla 4-parted, with nearly linear revolute segments. Stamens 8, with connivcnt filaments. Anthers tabular, 2-parted. Berries manj-seeded. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; small. Flowers pro- duced at the base of the spring branchlets, in short gemmaceous racemes ; pedicels filiform, conspicuously bibracteate. Berries red, rarely white, acid. — Shrubs, small, prostrate, creeping, growing in sphagnous morasses. Natives of Europe and North America. !U 1. O. PALu'sTRis Pers. The Marsh, or common. Cranberry. Mentiflcation. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 419. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 858. Synonymes, O. vulgSiris Pursh Sept. 1. p. 263., O. europ^^is Nutt. Gen. Amer. 1. p. 251.; Kac- clnium Oxycdccus Lin. Sp. .500. ; Facctnium Oxyc6ccus var. a ovalif51ius Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 228. ; Faccinia palustris Ger. Emac. 1419.; Oxycoccum Cord. Hist. 140. 2. f. 1.; Moss- benies, Bloorberries, Fenberries, Marshworts, or Whortleberries, Cornberries, Eng. ; Airelle canneberge, Fr. ; gemeine Moosebeere, Ger. Derivation. The name of Cranberry is supposed to be given from the peduncles of the flowers being crooked at the top, and, before the expansion of the flowers, resembling the head and neck of a crane (Smith and Withering) ; or because they are much eaten by cranes. Engravings. Fl. Dan., t. 80. ; Eng. Bot., t. 319. ; and omfig. 1195. Spec. Char., S^c. Stems filiform, trailing. Leaves small, ovate, entire, acute, smooth, with revolute margins. Pedicels terminal, 1-flowered, of a delicate pink or rose colour. Segments of corolla oval. Leaves convex, and dark shining green above, and glaucous beneath. Stems reddish. Pedicels kvf together, about the tops of the branches, red, slightly hoary. Corolla pink, with reflexed oblong segments. Stamens with purjile downy filaments, and yellow anthers. Berries pear-shaped, globular, often spotted, crimson, of a peculiar flavour, with a strong acidity, grateful. (Don's Mill.) A low, trailing, sub-evergreen shrub. Europe, Siberia, and North America, in turfy mossy bogs on the mountains. Height 3 in. to 6 in. Flowers pink ; May and June. Fruit crimson ; September, remaining on during the winter. The plant is readily increased by laying sandy soil on its shoots, at the distance of 3 or 6 inches from its main stem, when it will send down roots abundantly. When it is to be grown for its fruit, a bed of peat soil should be prepared in an open airy situ- ation, where it can be kept moist ; or the margin of a pond may be made choice of, and the plants planted there in peat soil, in a. bed encircling the pond, 1 or 2 inches above the level of the water, and about 1 ft. distant from it. The cranberry may also be grown in beds of dry sandy peat ; and it is alleged by some who have tried this method in British gardens, that the fruit produced, though smaller in quantity, is of a better flavour !U 2. O, macroca'rpus Pursh. The large-fruited, or American, Cranberry. Identification. Pur.sh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p 203. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 858. Synonymes. Faccinium macrocarpum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 13. t.7. ; raocfnium liis- pidulum IVangh. Amer. t. 30. f. 67. ; faccSnium Oxycoccus /S oblongiffilius Mieltx. Fl. Bor. Amer. I. p. 228. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t, 122. ; Bot. Mag., t, 2586.; our fig. 1196., and our /g. 1197. from Bot. Mag. Sj^ec. Char., SfC. Stems filiform, trailing. Leaves elliptic-oblong, nearly flat, and obtuse, distantly sub-serrulated on the margins, glaucous beneath, downy at the points when young. Segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate. Flower-bearing branches erect, profiferous. Pedicels lateral. Points of young leaves, peduncles, and the margins of the calyx and bracteas, downy. Berries spherical, red, often remaining throughout the winter. {Dons Milt.) 1195. O. palustris. el i XLIV. STYUACEJE. 6J7 Height 6 in. A trailing shrub, resembUng the preceding species, but larger and more robust. Canada to Virginia, in bogs, principally on a sandy soil; and also fre- quently found on high mountains Introduced in 1760. Flowers pink ; May to July. Berries spheri- cal, red or purple ; ripe in October, and remaining on through- out the winter. U96. O. macrocarpus. 1197. O. macroc&rpns. Varieli/. fu 0. 711. 2 foliis va- riegdtis Hort., Faccinium ma- crocarpum fol. var. Lodd. Cat., has vai'iegated ■ leaves, and is I a very ornamental plant for keeping in pots, or on moist rockwork. ; The fruit is used like that of the common cranberry ; and like that species iie plant may be propagated by cuttings taken from the points of the growing loots, and planted in sand under a hand-glass ; or by layers, or division, jhis species is more frequently cultivated in British gardens for its fruit than |ie European cranberry ; according to some, because the fruit is larger, and •cording to others, because the fruit is not only larger, jit better flavoured. j B. j« 3. O. ere'ctus Pursh. The erect Cranberry, yntification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 264. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 858. '^nonyme. raccinium erythrocarpum Mic'is-. Fl. Bar. A?iier. 1. p. 227. igravings. Dend. Brit., t. 13. : and om Jig. 1198. )ec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, acuminated, .serrulated, and ciliated. Pedicels axillary. Corolla, before expan- sion, long and conical, at length revolute. Stem erect. Branches flexuous. Leaves membranous, somewhat hairy. Flov/ers red. Berries scarlet (Watson says black), quite transparent, and of an exquisite taste. Very different in habit from the other species. (Don's Mil!.) An erect sub-evergreen shrub. Virginia and • Carolina, on lofty mountains. Height 2 ft. Introduced Im 1806. Flowers red ; May and June. Berries scarlet or purple ; ripe in October. i^.,;. o.er^ciu.. Order XLIV. STYRA^CEiE. fD. Char. Calyx S-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, usually 5— 6-cleft ; aest- ivation valvate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base, adnate to the corolla. \Ovarium superior, 3-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing ja 1-celled I — 3-seeded nut. Albumen fleshy. The superior ovarium, and iniore deeply divided corolla, separate this from Halesface<». (G. Don.) I Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; usually toothed, turning ^■ellow when dry. Flowers axillary, either solitary or clustered, with scale- Jike bracts, white or cream-coloured. — Trees or shrubs, usually clothed with Istellate tomentum ; natives of Asia and North America. 61S ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. STY'RAX L. The Storax. Lin. Syst. Decdndria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen,, No. 595. ; Tourn., t. 369. ; Juss. Gen., 156.; Gcertn. Fruct., 1. p. 284. t. 59. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 228. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Synonymes. Alibocifier, Fr. ; Storax, Ger. Derivation. The word sturax, ai)plied to this plant by Theophrastus and Dioscorides, is a mere alteration of assthirak, the Arabic name of S. otiicinale. Gen. Char., S^c. Calyx permanent, campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla monope- talous, funnel-shaped, deeply 3 — 7-clett, but usually 5- or 6-cleft, valvate in Eestivation. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments monadelphous at the base, adnate to the tube of the corolla. Anthers linear, 2-celled, dehiscing length- wise inwardly. Ovarium superior, 3-celled, many-ovuled,' erect. Style ]. Stigma obsoletely S-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1-celled, 1 — 3- seeded nut. Testa of seed double ; inner cobwebbed, outer spongy. {^Doris Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated. Flowers racemose, bracteate, white or cream-coloured. — Low trees or shrubs ; natives of Asia or North America. They require a soil rather light than otherwise, on account of their hair-like roots ; and to be placed against a wall, in the climate of London, when it is intended that they should flower freely. In affinity, as well as in general ap- pearance, this genus approaches near to that of Hales;a ; and there is such a close general resemblance among all the allied species of iS'tyrax, that they may possibly be only varieties of one form. Seeds or layers. . 1 ^ \. S. officina'le L. The officinal Storax. Identification. Lin. Sp., 635. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 7. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Si/nonymcs. Lagomelia, Modern Greek; Sturax kalamites, Ancient Giee/e Engravings. Bot. Kep., 631. ; Bot. Cab., 928. ; and our fig. 1199. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves ovate, clothed with hoary hairs beneath, shining green above. Racemes simple and axillary, 5 — 6-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Leaves about 2 in. long. Flow- ers white. Drupe ovate globose. (Don^s Mill.) A de- ciduous shrub or low tree. Syria and the Levant. Height 12 ft. to 15ft. against a wall; as bushes, in the climate of London, seldom half so high. Introduced in 1597. Flowers white, resembling those of the orane, but smaller ; June and July. Drupe ovate, greenish ; ripe in October. It well merits a place against a wall, on account of the beauty of its pure white flowers, and the great profusion in which they are jirocluced. A light sandy soil, rich rather than poor, suits this species best ; and it is gene- rally propagated by seeds obtained from the South of^, . • \- France. It will also grow by layers, and by cuttings. Its \/\ /// feJM\i rate of growth, for the first ten years, is not above 8 or 9 inches a year. iip9. s.offi.maic ^ sii 2. S. (o.) GRANDiFO^LiUM Ait. The large-leaved Storax. I Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 75. ; Pursh Sept.. 2. p. 450. : Don's Mill., 4. p. 4 S!/noni/mes. S. olficiiifile H'alt. Fi. Carol. 140. ; S. granditifirum Miclu: Fl. Bar. Amer. 2. p. 41. | Engravings. Bot. Cai)., t. 1016. ; Dend. Brit., t. 129. ; and our fig. TJOO. i Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves broad, obovate, acuminated, green above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Lower peduncles solitary, 1-tlovvered' Flowers white. {Don's Alill.) A deciduous shrub or low tree ; growing i XLIV. 5TYRA CE.E ^TY^RAX. 619 woods, on the banks of rivers, from Virginia to Georgia. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced in 1765. Flowers white ; June to August. Halcsirt diptera, the leaves of which closely resemble those of Styrax grandifolium, but differ from it in not being downy beneath, is frequently sold for it in the nurseries. 3. 5. (o.) l.evigaVum AU. leaved Storax. The smooth- Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 72. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 624. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Symmi'nes- S. octandrura VHirit. Stirp. Nov. 2. t. 17. ; 5. giibrum Cav. Diss. 6. p. 340. t. 1S8. f. 1. ; S. Ise've IVall. Fl. Carol. 140.; S. americinura Latn. Did. 1. p. S2. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 960. ; Dend. Brit., t. 40. ; our Jig. 1201., and Jig. 1202. from a plant in Messrs. Lod- diges's collection. 1200. S. (o. ) grandifolium. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous surfiices, toothed. Peduncles axillary, or twin, 1-flowered. Stam 6 to 10. (Do?i's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, bearing a close resem- blance to S. officinale, but smaller in all its parts. South Carolina and Virginia, in swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; July and August. In fine seasons, the flowers are succeeded by fruit about the size of a red currant, or of the fruit of the nettle tree. on both ens from r-;(;l. A. (o.) laevigktum. 1202. S. (o.) IffiYigatum. ^ 4. S. (o.) pulverule'ntum Michx. The powdery Storax. Idcntijication. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 41. ; Don's Blill., 4. p. 4. Sjinonyme. S. Isvigatura Bot. Mag. t. 921. JEiigravings. Bot. Mag., t. 921. ; Dend. Brit., l. 41. ; and our^. 1203. Sj)ec. Char., Sf-c. Leaves almost sessile, ovate or obovate, obtuse, clothed with powdery tomentum beneath. Flowers axillary, and nearly terminal by threes, on short pedicels. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, bearing a close resem- blance to S. grandifolium. Virginia and Carolina, in woods. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1794. Flowers white; June to August. 1205. S. (o.) pulTeruI^r.tym. Order XLV. HALES/JT£^. ! Orh. Ch.ir. Ca/y.r 4-toothed. Co?W/rt campanulate, 4-iobed. Stamens I~ — 16; monadelphous at the base, and adnate to the corolla. Ovarium inferior. Style and Stigma simple. Drupe dry, with 2 — 4 winged angles, contain- 620 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ing a 2 — 4;-celled nut. Cells 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. — The inferiorj ovarium is sufficient to distinguish this from all nearly allied orders. (GJ Don.) _ I Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated or nearly entireJ Flowers in fascicles, pedicellate, drooping, white. — Trees or large shrubs.; deciduous ; natives of North America. Genus I. HALE^SJyt Ellis. The Halesia, oj- Snowdrop Tree. Lin. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. Identification. Ellis in I.in. Gen., No. 596. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 6. Synonyme. Halesie, Fr. and Ger. Derivation. Named by Ellis in honour of the learned and venerable Stephen Hales, D.D. F.R.S, author of Vegetable Statistics. Gen. Char., hylkis Jact/. el Soccone, Schousb. Mar. p. 89. ; /ihamnus siculus Lin. Syst. 3. p. 227. Engravings. Comm. Hort., t. 83. ; and onr Jig. 1208. Spec. Char., Sfc. An evergreen tree of middle size, with a bushy bead. Branches terminated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish. 1518. A. SIdenaylon. XLVI. SAFOTA CEJE: 5UMK LIA. 623 glabrous, paler beneath; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers lateral, and axillarv, scattered or crowded, sessile. Corolla greenish yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white milky juice. (IJon's Mill.) A low sub-evergreen tree. Morocco, in woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. against a wall ; not half that height as a bush. Introduced in 1711. Flowers greenish yellow. It will stand our winters as a standard, hut thrives best when planted against a wall. Horticultural Society's Garden. Genus II. B\jME'\AK Swartz. The Bumelia. Lin. Si/st. Pentdndria MonogynTr . Identification. Swartz Prod., p. 4". ; Fl. Ind. Occ, 1. p. 493. ; Don's Mill., 4. p 20. Si/noni/vies. >4'chras sp Lin., Pair. ; Sideroxylon sp. Lam. and others ; Chrysoph^Uum sp. ylubl. and others; Hochstamin, Ger. Derivuliun. From bouniclia, the Greek name for the common ash. Gen. Char., S^c. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb, furnished with 2 scales at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, in- serted in the tube of the corolla, and opposite its segments, having as many membranous scales, or sterile filaments, alternating with them. Ova- rium 5-celled. Cells 1-ovuled. Stigma simple. Drufe ovate, 1-seeded. Seed albuminous. (Don^s Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; scattered, entire. Floivers in axillary and lateral peduncles, usually 1- flowered, crowded in fascicles, whitish. — Trees, in British gardens shrubs j natives of South America. Common soil ; and cuttings of the young wood in sand, under a hand-slass. Spec. Char., S( ^ « 1, i?. ivcioi^DES GcErtn. The Box-thorn-like Bumelia. identification. G.Trtn. fil. Carp., 3. p. 127. t. 120. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Sijnoniimes. Siderdxvlon 'yciiiides Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 260. t. 68. ; S. Ia;'ve Walt. Fl. Carol, p. 100.; Lyciiiides sp. Lin. Hart. Cliff: ^. 488. En«rnriiigs. Du Ham., 2. p. 260. t. 68. ; and our fig. 1209., and Jig. 1210. of natural size. Spiny. Leaves broad-lanceolate, blunt- ish, tapering to the base, glabrous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Spines subulate. Leaves 2 in. long, decidu- ous, a little silky while young. Flowers greenish white. Segments of corolla ? trifid : perhaps from the two scales inside each segment. (Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Carolina, in shady woods. Height 8 ft. to 1 0 feet. Introduced in 1758. Flowers greenish white. Scai'cely injured by the winter of 1837-8, in the Hort. Soc. Gard.; and from this, and also from the beauty of its foliage and flowers, deserving to be much more generally introduced. 1210. B. /vciBiiles. B. RECLiNA^TA Vcnt. The rec\ina.te-b7-a}iclied Bumelia. [Umtijication. Vent. Choix, t. 22. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 155. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30 • ti/'ivnr/me. Siderdxylon reclinatum Mic/ix. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 122. 624 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Vent. Choix., t. 22. ; and ourjig. 1211. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spiny, bushy, diffusely reclinate. Leaves small, obovate, quite smooth. Flowers in axillary fascicles- Young branches terminated by a long spine. Leaves alternate, or in fascicles. Corolla and scales serrated. Sterile filaments subulate, entire. Drupe ovate. (Doll's Mill.) A small straggling shrub. Georgia, on the banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers small, white ; January. 1211. P. reclin&la. S^ S 3. i?. TE^NAX WUld. The iou^-branched Bumelia. Identification. V/illd. Sp., 1. 1085. ; Enum., p. 248. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synoni/mes. B. chrysophylldldes Pursli Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 155.; Sider6xylon tSnax Lin. Mant. p. 48. ; S. sericeum Walt. F/. Car. p. ICO. ; S. chrysophylloides Michx. FL Bor. Amer. 1. p. 123. ; Chrysophyllum carolinense Jacq. Obs. 3. p. 3. t. 54. ; C. glabrum Juss. Engravings. Jacq. Obs., 3. t. 54. ; and our^g-. 1212. Spec. Char., Sj~c. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, of a rusty silvery colour beneath, silky. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Branches very tough. Bark white. Leaves deciduous. Calycine and corolline segments ovate obtuse. Segments of nectary trifid. Stamens the length of corolla. Drupe oval. (Don's Mill.} A low tree, in England a shrub. Carolina, in dry .situations. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers small, white, pro- duced freely ; July and August. Killed to the ground, by the winter of 1837-8, in 1212. B. tenax. thc Hort. Soc. Garden. $ 4. B. LANUGINO^SA Pursh. The viooWy-leaved Bumelia. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 155. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synonymes. Slderoxylon lanuginbsum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 123. ; S. tenax Walt. Fl. Car. p. 100. Engraving. Our fig. 1213., from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herba- rium. Spec. Char., 4-c. Rather spinose. Branchlets spreading, downy. Leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous above, and woolly beneath, but not silky. Flowers in axillary fasci- cles ; very nearly allied to B. tenax, but differs in the leaves being woolly beneath, not silky, often obtuse. (Don's Aim.) A small tree. Carolina and Georgia, in humid situations among bushes. Height 10 ft. to 1 5 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow. 1213. B. lanuginisa. t 5. B. OBLONGTFO^LIA The oblong-leaved Bumelia. Identification. Nutt. Engraving. Ourfig. Null. Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 135. ; 2095. in p. 1108. j Spec. Char., S^c. Spiny. Leaves smooth, oblong, obtuse, deciduous. Flowers conglomerate, nearly sessile, very numerous. Scales, or sterile filaments, trifid. Tree with numerous twisted branches. Calycine segments ovate, concave. Drupe purple. Wood fetid. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Nortii America, on the Mississippi, near the lead mines of St. Louis. Heignt 18 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers greenish yellow, produceti in abundance ; July and August. Order XLVII. ^BENA^CE^. Ord. Char. Cah/x 3- or G-parted, persistent. Corolla deciduous, 3- or (>■■ parted ; stlvation imbricate. Stamens definite, epipetalous, 6 or 12, ov XLVii. £:bena ceje : diospy ros. 625 more. Ovarium many-celled ; cells 1 — 2-seeded. Stiile usually divided Stigmas bifid or trifid. Berry few-seeded by abortion. Albumen cartila- ginous. The double stamens, pendulous ovule, and unisexual flowers, distinguish this order. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary, peduncles solitarj'. Genus I. DIOSPY'ROS X. The Date Plum. Lin. Si/st. Polygamia Dioe^cia. Identijication. Lin. Gen., No. 1161. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Synonyrnes. ^'benus Comm. ; Guaiacana Tourn. 371. ; Plaqueminier, Fr. ; Dattelpflaume, Ger. Derivation. Diospuros (dios, divine, and puros, wheat,) was a name given bj' the ancients to the common gromwell (iithospermum officinale). Its application to the date plum proliably arose from confounding the Greelt puros, wheat, with the Latin pyrus, a pear tree, to the fruit of which the date plum may have been thouglit to bear some resemblance. Gen. Char.y S^c. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, sometimes 3- or 6-cleft. Corolla urceolate, 4-cleft ; sometimes .3- or 6-cleft. Male fiowcrs having the stamens inserted by pairs into the base of the corolla, twice the number of its segments, with double or twin filaments, and the rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite jioivers having fewer and sterile stamens. Ova- rium % — 12-celled ; cells 1-seeded. i?e/r_?/ globose, with a spreading calyx which is at length reflexed. {Don's Mill.) Leaves, as in the Order. Flowers white, or pale yellow. — Trees or shrubs ; natives of the South of Europe or North America. Seeds ; and the American kinds in peatj' soil kept moist. i 1. D. ioVus L. The Euroj^ean Lotus, or common Date Plum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1510. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 407. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Syrianymes. Pseudolotus Mafth. ; Guaiacuna patavina Tourn. ; Italian Lignum Vitse, Wood of Life, Pockwood, Bastard Menynwood, Gerard ; Date of Trebisonde ; Plaqueminier faux Loticr Fr. ; Italianische Dattelpflaume, Ger. 12U. D. Lotus. ■ Kngrarins^s. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 20. t. 58.; Wangh. Araer. Brit., Ut edit., vol. vi. ; and oury^. 1214, S S 84 t. 28 f. 58. ; the plates m Arb. r,2G AnBORETUM ET fhutketum britannicum. spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong, acuminate, downy beneath ; leaf buds hairy inside. Flowers small, reddish white. Fruit size of a cherry, yellow when ripe, sweet with astringency : it is recommended as a cure for diarrhoea. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Caucasus, the woods of Hyrcania, and the whole coast of the Cas[)ian Sea, and Mauritania. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., and sometimes much higher. Introduced in 1596. Flowers reddish, or yellowish white ; July. Fruit yellow ; ripe in October. The leaves are of a beautiful dark glossy green above, and, when mature, and exposed to the air, assume a purplish hue beneath : they do not change colour iu autumn, but drop off aimultaneoasly with the first attack of sharp frost. Ripening its fruit freely in the South of France and Italy, seeds have been readily procured ; and the plant has never been rare in British collec- tions ; but, as it is somewhat tender, there are few la ge specimens of it. It grows at the rate of 12 or 18 inches a year, for the first ten years, especially if the soil in which it is planted is free and loamy, and rich i-ather than poor. S 2. D. viRGiNiA^NA L. The Virginian Date Plum, or Persimon. Idmtificaiion. Lin. Sp., 1510. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 39. Synomjme. Gnaiaciijia Catesb. Car. 2. t. 7G. Engravings. Dendr. Brit., t. 146, ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. ; and our^g. 1215. 1215. D. vjrgini^a. Hipec. Char., Sfc Leaves ovatc-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, shining above, XLVIII. OLEA CE.^. 627 and paler beneath, reticulately veined. Petioles short and curved, and, as well as the branchlets, down}'. Leaf buds glabrous. Flowers qiiadrifid, rarely quinquefid. Flowers pale yellow. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. United States. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. in the neighbourhood of London, but much higher in the United States. Introd. in 1629. Flowers pale yellow; July. Fruit yellow ; ripe about the time the tree drops its leaves in November. The persimon is readily distinguished from the European date plum, by its leaves being nearly of the same shade of green on both surfaces ; while those of the latter are of a dark purplish green above, and much paler, and furnished with somewhat of a pinkish down, beneath. The leaves of the per- simon vary from 4 in. to 6 in. in length ; and, when they drop off in the autumn, they are often variegated with black spots. It is rather more tender than the preceding species ; and, to thrive, requires a peaty or soft soil, kept somewhat moist. If 3. D. (v.) pube'scens Pursk. The downy-leaved Virginian Date Plum. Identification. Pursh F). Amer. Sept., 1. p. 265. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Synonyme. D. virgiiiiana var. Michx. Arb. For. Engraving. Ourfig. 1216., from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves oblong, acute, downy beneath. Petioles long. Fruit few-seeded. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Height 20 ft. to .soft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers pale yellow; July. Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Kinds of hardy Tiiosjiyros. — There are several names in the catalogues of American nurserymen, and in 1836 there were plants corresponding to these names in the Hort. Soc. Garden. These we have examined, and we are perfectly satisfied that they are only slight variations of D. virginiana, and, in short, that this is the only North American species. D. lucida, D. intermedia, D. digyna, and D. stricta are included in the above remarks. 1216. D. (v.) pub&cms. Order XLVIII. OLEA^CE^. OrT). Chah. Flotuers hermaphrodite, sometimes dioecious^ Calyx divided, permanent. Corolla 4-cleft ; sometimes 4-petaled. Petals connected by pairs, rather valvate in aestivation ; sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, alter- nating with the segments or petals. Anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing length- wise. Ovarium simple, guarded by no glandular disk, 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Ovules pendulous, collateral. Style simple or wanting. Stigma bifid or undivided. Fruit drupaceous, baccate or capsular, often 1-seeded by abor- tion. Seeds with dense copious albumen. Embryo middle-sized, longitudi- nal, straight. Cotyledons foliaceous, half free. Radicle superior. Plumule inconspicuous. — Trees and shrubs, natives of both hemispheres, and for the most part deciduous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple or compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; entire or serrated. Flowers racemose or panicled, terminal or axillary, with opposite unibracteate pedicels. The Syringa supplies some of our most beautiful deciduous shrubs, and the iigustrum and Phillyrea some useful evergreens. Some of these, as i^raxi- nus, are timber trees. All the species are remarkable for the production of numerous white fibrous roots, in dense masses, near the surface of the s s 2 628 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ground, in consequence of which they are all easily transplanted when young, and injurious to plants growing under them when full grown. The genera are arranged in 3 sections. Sect. I. Ole'invE. Sect. Char. Corolla short, monopetalous, campanulate or urceolate, 4-cleft. Stamens 2, with short filaments, and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous. Shrubs with simple leaves, more or less coriaceous, and in some species evergreen. LiGu'sTRUM Tourn. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens enclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry globose, containing two chartaceous nuts. Philly'rea Diosc. Corolla campanulate. Stamens a little exserted. Stigma thickish. Berry globose. Chiona'nthus Lin. Calyx 4-parted. Segments of corolla linear. Stamens enclosed. Stigma trifid. Drupe containing a striated 1-seeded nut. Sect. II. Syri'ngem. Sect. Char. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, 4 — 5-parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. Deciduous shrubs. Leaves simple. Syri'nga Lin. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted. Stamens enclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds compressed, with membranous margins. FoNTANE^s7.4 Labili. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla of 2 petals. Stamens elon- gated, and stigma bifid. Capsule papery, indehiscent. Cells I -seeded. Sect. III. Jf^RAXINIE^^, Sect. Char. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted or wanting. Stamens 2, short. Anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, bifid. Fruit 2-celied, compressed, winged at the top^ usually 1-seeded. Trees deci- duous, with compound leaves, i^RA'xiNus Torirn. Flowers polygamous. Petals wanting. Samara 1-celled. O'rnus Pers. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Petals 4, Samara 2-celled. Sect. I. Ole'in^e. % Genus I. ..m_i Z/IGU'STRUM Tourn. The Privet. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Idcntifkalion. Tourn. Inst., t. 3G7. ; Lin. Gen., No. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 44. Synonymcs. Troiine, Fr. ; Rainweide, Ger. Derivation. Said to be from ligo, to tie ; in reference to its flexible branches. Gen. Char. Calyx short, tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube exceeding the calyx, and the limb 4-parted. 'Stamens 2, with short filaments, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Style very short. Stigma obtuse, bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded nuts. Albumen hardish. Embryo inverted. (Do7i's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; entire, gla- brous. Floivers terminal, compound, in thyrsoid racemes. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe or Asia. Readily propagated by cuttings in common soil. 'h-;. i XLviii. olea'ceje : xigu'strum. 629 sk 1? t 1 L. vulga're Trag. The common Privet. Identification. Trag. Hist., 1005. ; Lin. Sp., 1. p. 10. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 44, Synonymes. L. germanicum Bauh. Hist. 475. ; Prini, or Prim-priut ; Troene, Puine Wane, Fr. ■ gemeine Rainweide, Ger. ; Ligustro Olivella, Ital. ' ' Derivation. This plant was anciently called prim, or prim-print, from its being used for verdant sculptures, or topiary work, and for primly cut hedges. Puine Wane seems to imply a " little white shrub," from the whiteness of the blossom of the privet ; whicli is alluded to by Virgil and other poets, but whicli soon vanishes, and changes to brown, when exposed to the direct influence of the sun. The German name is combined of rain, green, and weidc, a willow ; alluding to its being supple like the willow, and nearly evergreen. Olivella seems to signify the little ohve. The common English name of Privet may have been given to it from its being frequently planted in gardens to conceal privies. Erigraeings. Engl. Bot., t. 7G4. ; Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI., vol. 2. t. 119. ; and our Jigs. 1217. and 1218. Spec. Char., 8^c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. Racemes compound, coarctate. The flowers are sweet-scented, white at first, but soon change to a reddish brown. Berries dark purple, almost black. {Don's Mill) A sub-evergreen shrub. Britain, in hedges and woody wastes. Height 6 ft. to 10ft. Flowers white; Juiie and July. Berries dark purple ; ripe in November, remaining on all the winter. 1217. L. vulgare. 1218. L. Tulgare. Varieties. L. l! L. -Berries white. — Berries yellow. M V. 2 leucocarpum.— V. xanthocdrpuvi. V. 4 cklorocdrpum. — Berries green. 3fe L. ?;. 3 sempervlrens. L. italicum Mill., and cur Jig. 1219. ; the Italian, or evergreen. Privet. — This is a most desirable variety for shrubberies ; and it is so distinct, that it was considered by Miller as a.^pecies. L. V. 6 variegdtuvi. — Leaves variegated with yellow, L. V. 7 angusfifdlium. — Leaves narrow. 1219. ^. V. sempervUrens. The leaves, in exposed situations, and on poor soils, are deciduous ; but in sheltered situations, and more especially when the plant is cultivated in gardens, they remain on throughout the winter. From its property of growing under the di"ip of trees, it forms a good sub-evergreen undergrowth, where the box, the holly, or the common laurel, would be too expensive, or too tedious of growth. The privet has been long used in the court-yards of dwelling-houses, for con- cealing naked walls, and preventing the eye from seeing objects or places which it is considered desirable to conceal from the view. It thrives well in towns where pit-coal is used ; and the best hedges surrounding the squares of Lon- don are of this shrub. It is admirably adapted for topiary work, and in Italian gardens, in a British climate, it forms as good a substitute for the olive, as the common laurel does for the orange. The privet grows best in rather a strong loam, somewhat moist ; and it attains the largest size in an open situation ; but it will grow on any soil, and under the shade and drip of deciduous trees. In British nurseries, it is almost always raised by cuttings, which not only pro- duce larger plants of the species in a shorter period, but continue the varieties with greater certainty. When plants are to be raised from seed, the berries s s 3 630 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. should be treated like haws, and kept a year in the rot-heap, or sown imme- diately after being gathered, as, if otherwise treated, they will not come up for 18 months. As shrubs, privet plants require very little pruning ; but, as low trees, they must have the side shoots from the stem carefully rubbed off when- ever they appear. Treated as hedges, or as verdant sculptures, they may be clipped twice a year, in June and March ; and, every five or six years, the sides of the hedges ought to be severely cut in, one side at a time, so as to remove the network of shoots, which, in consequence of continual clipping, forms on the exterior surface, and which, by preventing the air from getting to the main stems, would in time seriously injure the plants. ^ « ¥ 2 2. L. SPiCA^TUM Hamilt. The s\nked-flowered Privet. Identification. Hamilt. MSS. ex D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 107. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 45. Synonymes. /-. iiepalcnse Wall, in Box. Fl. Ind. I. p. 1.51. ; /,. lanceolatura Herb. Lamb. ' Engravings. PI. Asiat. Rar., 3. p. 17. t. 231. ; and our Jig. 1220 . Sjycc. Char,, Sfc. Leaves elliptic, acute, hairy beneath, as well as the branchlets. Flowers crowd- ed, almost sessile, spicate, disposed in a thyrse, hav- ing the axis very hairy. Bracteas minute. (Don's Mi//.) A sub- evergreen shrub. Nepal, on moun- tains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. In- troduced in 1823. Flowers white ; June and July. Varicti/. at ft L. 5. 2 g/dbnm Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2921., and our;%. 1221.— A native of Nepal, where it is called Goom gacha. The trunk and liinbs are covered with warts, but the yoyng branches are glabrous. Though commonly treated as a green-house plant, there can be little doubt of its being as hardy as L. lucidum, the species to be next described. It should be grafted on the common privet ; and, if planted in a dry soil and rather sheltered situation open to the sun, it will be the more likely to make no more wood than what it can ripen before winter. lliO. L, spiciltum . 1221. i. s. glabrup.i. a • 5f i 3. L. LuYiDUM Aif. The shining- leaved Privet, or Wax Tree. Identification. Ait. Hort Kew., 1. p. 19. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 45. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2.50.5. ; and our fig. 1222. Spec. C/iar., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining above. Panicles thyrsoid, spreading nuich. Leaves broad. Flowers white. This tree affords a kind of waxy matter. (Don's Mi//.) A low sub-evergreen tree. China. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1794. Flowers white; September and October : and, as in the preceding species, not followed by fruit in England. Varirlji. tt ? L. /. 2 J/ori/)itndum Donald's Cat., and our 7%. 1223., has larger bunches of flowers than the species. A very handsome low sub-evergreen tree; or, when it is not trained to a pingle stem, a large showy bush. XLVIII. OLEA^CEiE : PHILLY'rEA. 631 . Synonymes. P. obliqua Tenore Syll., p. 9. ; P. mddia Tenore Fl. Neap. 3. p. 6. Engravings. Lam. 111. S. 3. ; and our;?"^. 1227. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire Branches beset with elevated dots. Leaves obsoletely veined. (Doji's Mil/.) An evergreen shrub. Italy and Spain. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. IMT. P. (m.) anfjustifolia- 1228. rosmarinifolia. Va7'ieties. // , • P. a. 2 lanceoldta Ait. '/#^^ Hort. Kew. i. p. 11.- C^=^^ Leaves lanceolate, and \\ ^\^i)v branches erect. \i ^ ^ • P. a. 3 xosmarinifoUa Ait. Hort. Kew^BUsis ; and OMvfig. 1228. — Leaves lanceolate-subulate, elongated. Branches straight. « P. (7. 4 hrachiata Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 11. — Leaves oblong-lanceolate shorter than in the other varieties. Branches divaricate. * 3. P. (m.) iiGusTRiFoYiA Alt. The Privet-leaved Phillyrea. Identificdlion. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. U. ; Don's Mill.. 4. p. 4.5. Si/noni/mes. P. virgata Willd. Enum. \. p. 12. ; P. mddia var. a. Willd. Sp. 1. p. 42. ; PliiUyrea iii. Clus. Hist. p. H2. Engravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 131. ; and our.^^. 1229. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, subserrated in the middle, obsoletely veined. Branches erect. (Don's Alill.) An evergreen shrub. Spain and the South of France. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; May and June. • 4. P. (m.) pf/ndula Ait. The Arooi^mg-hranched Phillyrea. Identification. Ait. Hort., K«w., 1. p. 11. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 45. Si/nnnipne. P. media y IVilld. Sp. 1. p. 43. liiinraving. Our fig. 0000. in p. OCOO. S))ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, obsoletely serrated at the apex, veiny. Branches drooping (Z>>o»'i' J////.) An evergreen shrub South i: 1229. P. (m.) figys- trifulia. I*. liHf/, I XLViii. olea'ce^: philly'rea. ^33 of Europe. Height 10ft. to 15 ft. Introd. 1597. Flowers greenish white; May and June. « 5. P. (m.) OLEiEFo^LiA Ait. The Olive-leaved Phillyrea. Jdcnlificnticm. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. II. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 46. Sywrnymcs. P. media S Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 11. ; P. racembsa Link Jalirh. 1. p. 160. Engravings. Pluk., t. 310. f. 1. ; and our^. 1230. Spec. Cliar., Sfc. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, almost entire, obtuse, narrowed at the base, veiny. Branches erectish. (Do?i's Mi/L) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. 6. P. (m.) latifo^lia L. Phillyrea. The broad-leaved I2-I. P. (m.) lafifolia. iventification. Lin. Sp., 10. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 46. Hynonyvies. P. latifOlia ^ serrata Poll. Ft. Ver. 1. p. 7. ; P. lati- fOlia /3 Ten. Fl. Neap. 3. p. 6. ; P. spin6sa Ten. Si/ll. p. 9. No. 2. ; P. latitblia ^ spinbsa Seg. Ver. 2. p. 273. Engravings. Smith Fl. Graec, t. 2. ; and owe fig. 1231. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base, serrated, veiny. Young leaves sub-cordate at the base. (Do7i's Mill.) A low sub-evergreen tree; in England a shrub. South of Europe. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. m 7. P. (m.) LiE'vis Ait. The smooth Phillyrea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 12.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 46. Si/nont/tnes . P. latif&lia var. a. n'illd. Sp. 1. p. 43. ; P. latifdlia Mill. Diet. No. 1 Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. 125. ; and our fig. 1232. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-oblong, almost en- tire, veiny, bluntish ; an inch or more in length, a little narrowed at the base, blunt, and with a small niucro at the point. {JDorCs Mill.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. The leaves are smoother than those of any other 1232. P. (m.) te'vis. vancty. 1 8. p. (m.) obli'^qua Ait. The oblique-Ztawc? Phillyrea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 12. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 46. Synonymes. P. latifblia y U'illd. Sp. 1. p. 43. ; P. fo- liacea Link Jahrb. 1. p bi. ; Phillyrea ii. Clus. Hist. p. 52. Engraving. Our fig. 1233. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, serrated, acute at both ends, veiny, bent obliquely. Leaves like those of ilfyrica. {Don^s Mill.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1579. Flowers I '233. p.(m.|obiiqua. grceuish whitc ; May and JuHB. I ; » 9. P. (m.) spino'sa Mill. The spiny, or Holly-leaved, ' Phillyrea. W'-ntification. Mill. Diet., No. 3.; Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 12. • Don's Mill., 4. ' P.IC. .^' # 1234. P. fm. 634 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. P. ilicifblia H'lihl. Enurn. 1. p. 13.; P. latifblla (S spiuusa Uilld. Sp. \. p. 43. ; P latifOlia longifdlia IJnk Julirb. 1. p. 54. ; Phill^-rea i. Clus Hist. p. U\. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 310. f. 4. ; and oavfig. 1234., from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute, sharply and cuspidately serrated, glabrous, flat, veiny. (Do7i's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. Genus III. ll. CHIONA'NTHUS L. The Snow-Flower, or Fringe Tree. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogjnia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 21. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 50. Synanymes. Chionanthe, Fr. ; Schnoeblume, Ger. lierivation. From cliion, snow, aud anihos, a flower ; in reference to the snow-white flowers of the species. Gen. Char., Sfc. C«/j/^' small, 4-parted, or 4-toothed. Corolla with a short tube and a 4-parted limbj segments of the limb long and linear, ^/y/e hardly any. Stigma 2.1obed. Anthers almost sessile. Drwpe baccate, containing a striated nut. Seeds albuminous. {Doit's Mill?) Leaves .simple, exstipulate, deciduous ; opposite, entire. Flowers in ra- cemes, simple or compound, terminal or axillary, snow-white. — Trees or low shrubs, natives of North America. This genus differs from O'lea, principally in the figure of the segments of the corolla, and in its leaves being decitiuous. The only hardy species is a shrub or low tree, a native of North America. at I' 1. C. virgi'nica L. The Virginian Snow-Flower, or Fiingc Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 11. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 7. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. .50. Synonijmes. Snowdrop Tree. Atner. ; Arbre de Neige, Fr. : Schnoeblume, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1204. ; the portrait of a plant in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, to a scale of 1 in. to 4 ft. ; in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1206. ; and our^'g. 1235. Spec. Char., (Sfc. Racemes terminal. Pe- duncles 3-flowered. Flowers pedicellate. Leaves lanceolate, glabrous, resembling those of a deciduous magnolia. Dru^e purplish. (Do?i\s Mill.) A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Pennsylvania and Carolina, in boggy woods. Height 10 it. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1796, Flowers white ; May to July. Varieties. ^ It C. V. 2 kitifblia Catesb. Car. t. 69., Kern. Abbild. t. 607. C. v. montana Pursh Sept. 1 . p. 8. — Has the leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicles dense; drupes oval. Carolina. Introduced in 1736. fit Y C. V. 3 angustifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. cd. 2. vol Moench. — Has the leaves lanceolate and glabrous. Society's Garden. J ^ t C.v. 4 mnritima Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 8. C. maritima Lodd: Cat. ed. 1836. — A native of North America, in boggy woods by thej sea side ; having the leaves obovate-hinccoJate, membranous, anc pubescent ; the panicles very loose ; and the drupes elliptic. 1S35. C. Tirginjcs. p. 23. C. trifula Horticultural! II XLVIII. OLEACE^: SYRI NGA. 635 It requires to be grown in moist soil, either sand}' peat or tandy loam, and in a sheltered situation. It may be propagated by layers ; but as seeds are easily imported from America, and as the plant does not root very readily, that mode is not often adopted. It may also be propagated by grafting on the common ash. O^LEA. — Though most of the species of this genus are too tender to stand the open air in Britain, yet there is one variety of the common olive, obtained from Nikita in the Crimea, which has lived through the winter of ] 837-8, as a standard, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and 0. americana L. (fig. 1236.) has lived asainst a wall at Messrs. Loddiges. This tree is the devil-wood of the Americans, a native of the southern states, as far north i as Norfolk in Virginia, It is sometimes ■ found as high as 30 or 35 feet ; but its ordinary height is 10 or 12 feet. The leaves are 4 or 5 inches long, of a shining light green ; and they remain on two or three i years. The flowers are very small, of a ipale yellow, and strongly scented ; a])pear- ins about the end of Aoril. Tiie fruit is jround, about twice the size of the common Ipea ; and, when ripe, of a purple colour, iipproaching to blue. It ripens in America iin October, and remains attached to the tree during a great part of the winter, iforming a fine contrast to the foliage. i 1236. OMea americkna. Sect. 11. SYRfNGEJE. Genus IV. k I SYRI'NGA L. The Lilac. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogynla. h-ntification. Lin. Gen., No. 22. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. .'51. I'umymes. Lilac Tourn. Inst. t. 372., Juss. Gen. p. 105. ; Lilas, Fr. ; Flieder, Ger. ; Lilaco, Ital. frivation. From sirinx, the native name in Barbary. The tubes of the finest Turkish pipes are manufactured from the wood of this shrub ; and also from that of the Philadelphus coronarius, ;to which the name was originally given. Hence the old English name of Pipe Tree, which was ipplied both to the Philadelphus and the Syringa. Lilac is from lilac, or Ulag, the Persian word 'or a flower. fH. Char., Sfc. Cali/x small, 4-toothed. Coro/la funnel-shaped, with a 4- iparted limb. Stamens 2, enclosed. Stigvia trifid. Capsule ovate, com- ;pressed, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded ; valves navicular, with a narrow idissepiment in the middle. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers in thyrsoid terminal panicles, oppositely branched, purple or white. — Shrubs br low trees ; natives of Europe or Asia. Highly valued in the gardens of temperate climates for the beauty and ^grance of their flowers, and the profusion in which these are produced I'ipring. The natural mode of propagating is by suckers, which all the s;cies produce in abundance ; and they will all grow in any common soil. All ' species may be grafted on the ash (See Gard. Mag.^ 1840, p. 37.) 636 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. » 1. S. vuLGA^Ris L. The common Lilac. Identification. Lin. Sp., II. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 51. Synonijmcs. Lilac vulg&ris Gierln ; Pipe Privet, or Pipe Tree ; Lilaa commun, Fr. ; gemeinei Flieder, G.fr. ; Lilla, or Lilac turco, Ital- Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 7. ; Schmidt Baum., t. 77. ; N. Du. Ham., t. 61. Spec. Char., ($-c. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous shrub. Persia and Hungary, on chalky precipices in the (^vernal valley, and Mount Domoglet, as well as on the whole group of rocks along the Danube. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers purple or white ; May, Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. ■*■ S. V. p. 3t), Krause t. ae., and our _;%. 1238, There is a subvariety with the leaves imperfecti}/ a 1 ccBTulea Clus. Hist. i. p. 56 , Krause t. 26., and — Flowers blue, variegated. S. V. 2 \ioldcea Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 18.3., and our fig. 1237. — Flowers purple. The Scotch Lilac, so called, because it was first recorded in Sutherland's Catalogue of the Edinbtirgh Botanic Garden. S. V. 3 alba. — Flowers white. This variety flowers earliest. S. V. 4 alba major Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Flowers larger than those of the previous variety. S. V, 5 alba plena. 5. plena Lod. Cat. — Flowers double. S «;. 6 riibra Lodd. Cat. — Flowers red S. V. 7 rubra major Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, de Marly of the French gai'deners, has larger than the parent variety. as the Lil flowers S. T. tfioldcea. Oihei- Varieties. A number of plants have been raised from seed b} Mr. Williams of Pitmaston, of which there are six sorts, tolerably distinct in the Horticultural Society's Garden. The French nurserymen are also in possession of some new seedlings ; but none of all that we have ob- served are so well deserving of culture as the common blue, the violet, th( red, and the white. The common lilac grows to the height of 20 ft. and upwards in good frei soil ; and, though it naturally sends up abundance of suckers in ever direction, so as to form a dense mass of stems, yet, when these are clearet away as they appear, and only one stfem left, it may be trained to form a very handsome small tree, beautiful when in leaf, and preeminently so when in flower. The rate of growth is considerable, varying, according to the soil and situation, from 18 in. to 3 ft. in a year, for the first three or four years. The duration is not^reat; probably between twenty and thirty years in rich soils, and between forty and fifty in such as are dry and comparatively poor. Plants which are never allowed to produce suckers of any size, and in which the bunches of flowers have been thinned out, ripen seeds ; and these, according to Miller, produced plants which are true to their varieties. In some parts of Britain, and various parts of Germany, it is mixed with other shrubs, or planted alone, to form garden hedges ; and, as a proof of its hardiness, we may mention that there are hedges of it by the road- sides, in the neighbourhood of Ulin and Augsburg, in the elevated, and consequently cold, region of Bavaria. Mixed with sweet briars, sloe thorns, scarlet thorns, Guelder ro. 1238. XLVIII. OLEA^CE^: SYRfNGA. 637 trees, &c it forms beautiful hedges to cottage gardens, where there is abun (lance of room. ^ 2. S. JosiK^E^^ Jacq. Josika's Lilac. Iitcntification. Jacq. in Bot. Zeit Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3278. : Spec. Char., 6)-c. Leaves el 1831, t. 67. ; Don's Mil!., 4. p. 51. Bot. Reg., t. 1733. ; Botanist, t. 24. ; and omfigs. 1230. and 1210. ^1239. S. JosiksB'a. liptic-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, wrinkled, gla- brous, on short petioles, white beneath. Flowers purple. (Don's Mill.) An upright deciduous shrub. Transylvania, in shady places near water. Height 6 ft. to 12- ft. Introd. in 1835. Flowers purple ; May. Naked young wood purplish green. 1240. S. JoukseNi. ^ 3. S. pe'rsica L. The Persian Lilac. Mcntificution. Lin. Sp., 11. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 51. ^.ijnonymcs. Lilac minor Mcench ; Lilac p^rsica Lam fngravings. Bot. Mag., t. 486. ; and our^g-. 1242. !S/)ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves small, lanceolate, ; entire. Flowers purple. {Do7i's Mill.) A [ deciduous shrub. Persia. Height 4 ft. to ; 6ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers purple; \ May and June. Lilas de Perse, Fr. ; Lilac di Persia, Ital. # 'ariettas. ^ S. p. 2 alba Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836.— Leaves lanceolate, entire. Flowers white, a S. p. 3 lacinihia Lodd, Cat. ed. 1836, Bot. Cab. 1107., and out fig. 1241. S. capitata Gmel. Itin. iii. p. 304. ''*'• sp-iacimua. t.32. f. 1., Schmidt. Baum. ii. p. 79. ; Lilas a Feuiiles de Persil, Fr. —This variet)' has some of its leaves pinnatifidly cut, and nearly all of them cut in some manner. S. p. 4 mlmjulia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 has the leaves somewhat hoary, like those of the common sage. One of the most common, and, at the same time, one of the most ornamental, of our low deciduous shrubs. It is frequently planted in pots, and forced so as to come into flower at Christmas. Tn Paris, it is said, they retard the Persian lilacs, by placing them in an icehouse in December, and keeping them there till the September or October following, when they will come into bloom without the aid of artificial heat about Christmas. ( See Gard. Mag., vii. p. 247.) Layers and suckers, which are produced in great ■ibundance in any common garden soil. * 4. S. rothomage'nsis. The Rouen Lilac. S. dabia Peys. Erich. \. p. 9. ; Lildceum rothomag^nse Renault Fl. de I'Orne p. 100. S. pd-sica. 638 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S. media Dum. Cours. 1. p. 709. ; Lilas Varin N. Du Ham.; S. chiafasis JVilld. Sjt. 1. p, 48., Don's Mill. 4. p. .51. ; S. siWrica Horl. ; the Siberian Lilac Hort. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 63. ; and onrfg. VMS. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers purple. (Doti\s Mill.) An inter- mediate plant between S. vulgaris and S. jiersica. A shrub, from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high ; a hybrid between S. vulgaris and S. persica ; raised at Rouen by M. Varin, the director of the Botanic Garden there. Introduced in 1795. Flowers purple ; May and June. Varieties. a^ S. r. 2 Lilas Royal Bon Jardin. 1836, ^^ has the flowers more compact than ^^^ the species. Sk S. r. .3 saugeana //or/. ; Lilas sauge, Fr. ; differs from the Lilas Varin in having the flowers more red and more beau- tiful. S. cocclnea and .S". chinensis rubra Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 appear to be identical with this variety, or very slightly dilFerent, It is of very vigorous growth, and a most abundant flowerer ; and, in favourable soils and situations, it will attain the height of 10 or 12 feet. S. Emodi Wall. Cat. No. 2831., Don's Mill. iv. p. 51., Royle Illust. p. 267. t. 65. f. 2., and our fig. 1244., has the leaves ellip- tic-oblong, glaucous beneath, attenuated at the base, and acuminated at the apex. Branches warted. Thyrse terminal and panicled. Cap- sules almost cylindrical. The bud-scales per- manent at the base of the year's shoots. A shrub, 8 ft. to 10 ft. high, native of Kamaon, towards the Himalayas, with purple flowers. This very ornamental and desirable plant has lately been raised in the H. S. Garden^ from seeds received from the Himalayas. Genus V. F0NTANE'S/.4 Labill. The Fontanesia. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogyni Identification. Labill. PI. Syr., dec. 1. p. 9. t. t. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. f>\. DeriiHttion. Named after Ren^ Louiche Des Fontaines, author of Flora Atlantica, 2 vols, i Paris, 1798-99, and several other works. Gen. Ckar.y S^c Calyx 4 — 6-parted, permanent. Corolla 4 — 6-parted, ciduous. Stamens 2, elongated. Stigtna bifid, hooked. Capsule a 2— j winged, 2-cened, papery, indehiscent samara ; cells l-seeded. (Don's Mil Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; lanceolate. F/om in axillary racemes, whitish yellow. — Shrubs with the habit of Phillyi media, natives of Asia, and forming a connecting hnk between /'Vaxini and Oleinae. Layers, in common soil. 1; ll't XLViii. olea'ce^: i^RA'xiNUS. 6S9 Sk mit t I F. ^hillyreoi'des Labill. The Phillyrea- like Fontanesia. Identification. Labill. Syr., dec. 1. p. 9. t. 1. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. -51. Ennravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1308. ; and onr Jig. 1245. i Spec. Char., ^c. See Gen. Char. A sub-evergreen shrub or low tree. Syria between Laodicea and Mount Cas- \ suis, and Sicily. Height 10 ft. to 14 ft. Introduced in 1787. Flowers greenish white, turning to brownish yellow ; June, and remaining on the tree two or [ three months. ' Readily propagated by layers, by cuttings, or by j grafting on the common privet. Grafted standard I high on the ash, it would form a very handsome I (Irooping-branched tree. Sect. III. i^RAXINIE^.(E. 1245. F. j.hilljrcoWes. Genus VI. m FRA'XINUS Tourn. The Ash. Lin. Syst. Polygamia DioeVia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., 343. ; Lin. Gen., No. IIGO. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 53. \ Synomjmes. Frdne, Fr. ; Esche, Ger. ; Frassino, Ital. ; Derivation. Tiie derivation of Fraxinus given in Don's Miller is, from phrasso, to enclose ; the ash i having been formerly used for malcing hedges. Linnaeus derives it from phraxis, a separation, 1 because the wood splits easily. Others derive it from frangilur, because the young branches are i easily broken ; or which may have been applied ironically, in allusion to the extreme toughness of ; the old wood. None of these derivations, however, appears very satisfactory. The English name j of Ash may be derived either from the Saxon word ccse, a pike ; or from the colour of the bark of I the trunk and branches, which resembles that of wood ashes. ,Gen. Char., S^c. Flowers polygamous. Calyx none, or 4-parted, or 4-toothed. I Corolla none. Stamens 2, in the male flowers. Anthers sessile, or on short filaments, dehiscing outwardly. Female fiowen's the same, except that they 1 have no stamens, but have each a pistil that has a bifid stigma. Fruit, \ or samara, 2-celled, compressed, winged at top. Cf//s 1-seeded. \Dov!s Mill.) I Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; unequally pinnate. ' Flowers in lateral racemes, greenish yellow. Fruit, or samara, 2-ceIled, compressed, winged at top. — Trees ; natives of Europe, part of Asia, and , North America. ' The species are raised from seeds ; and the varieties chiefly by grafting on ''raxinus excelsior, but partly also from seeds. There is a great tendency in 11 the species to sport into varieties ; and many of what are by botanists escribed as species are, in our opinion, not entitled to that distinction. W the ashes are of easy culture in good soil, and in a sheltered situation. he European ash is one of our most valuable timber trees, as is the Ame- can ash in North America. \-. Leaflets broad, smooth or shining on the upper surface. Natives of Europe. "i \. F. exce'lsior X.. The taller, or co??»wiOK, Ash. ntificatton. Lin. Sp., p. 1.500. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 53. Mnyims. F. apetala I.am. III. t. 858. f. 1. ; F. rostrata Guss. Fl. Rar. p. 374. ; F. O'rnus Scop. "arn. No. 1249.; F. erbsa Pers. ; F. crispa Bosc ; le Frene, Fr.; Acsche or Esche, Ger. and i)utch ; Ask, Ban. and Swed. ; Frassino, Ital. ; Fresno, Span. ; Freixo, Port. ; Jas, Jasen, or ^ssen, Rxiss. ; .ffise, Sax. 1 -feratiingi. Eng. Bot., t. 1692. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. vi. ; and omfig. 1246. t'pc. Char., S^c. Leaflets almost sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, ser- rated, cuneated at the base. Flowers naked. Samara obliquely emarginate p the apex. The leaves have generally 5 pairs of leaflets, but sometimes 6. 640 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The flowers are produced in loose spikes, from the sides of the branches. On some there are only female flowers ; on others, hermaphrodite ones ; and on others, male ones ; while on some trees the flowers are found in two of these states, or in all of them. (Doit's Mill.) A large deciduous tree. Europe. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; March and April, before the leaves appear. Samara brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown and yellow. Naked young wood ash grey. F. exctlsior. Varieties. These are very numerous ; we shall give first those which are allowC' to be varieties by botanists, and afterwards indicate those which are treatC| by botanists as species, and which we have accordingly kept distinct, bm which we are decidedly of opinion are nothing more than varieties. 3^ F. (?. 2 pendula Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 2. vol. v. p. 475., Lodd. Cat. ct 1836; Frene Parasol, Fr. ; the plate in Arb. Brit. 1st. edit. vol. vij and our ^g. 1247. — Branches pendulous. Discovered, aboc 1730, at Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire ; and subsequently in a woe in Argyllshire. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xiv. p. 124.) .. | X F. e. 3 aurea Willd. Enum. p. 1059. F. aurea Pers. Ench. ii. | 604., Lodd. CiU. cd. 1836. — Bark of the trunk and branches yellci and dotted ; and the leaflets sessile, lanceolate, unequally serrate acuminated, cuneated at the base, and glabrous. It is conspictioij ■'■'% XLVIII. OLEA CE^ : FllA XINUS. 641 particularly in winter, not only from the yellow colour of its bark, but from the curved contorted character of its branches, which somewhat resemble the horns of an animal. F. e. 4 aia-ea pendii/a. — Bark yellow, and the branches as pendulous, and of as vigorous growth, as those of F. e. pendula. F. e. 5 crispa. F. crispa Bosc, F. atro- virens-Df^. Arb.i. p. 104. — Leaves iSt7. t'. e. v>ecJula. dark green, crumpled, and curled. The darkness of the green of the leaves is remarkable ; and this and their crumpled appearance, combined with the rigid stunted character of the whole plant, render it a strikingly grotesque object. If F. e. Qjaspidea Willd., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Bark of the trunk and branches streaked with reddish white. 'i' F. e. 7 imrpurascem Descemet {F. purpurea Hort,^. — Bark purple. Horticultural Society's Garden. 2 F. h,j Michx. ; western black Ash, Patrsh. I ETtgravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 120. ; the plate m Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our 'igs. laCl. and 1262. 12C0. f I XLVIII. OLEA^CEiE: J'RA'xiISfUS. 649 Spec. C/iar., 4'c- Leaflets 2 — 4 pairs, 3 in. long, membranous, glabrous, but not sliining, canescent beneath, down^' in the axils of the veins, stalked, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, glaucous beneath. Petioles glabrous. Branches glabrous, and, like the buds, greyish brown. Flowers calyculate. Calyx 4-tootlied. Corjmbs pendulous. Samara linear. (^Don's Alill.) A de- ciduous tree. Canada to North Carolina ; found in shady wet woods, and chiefly in the western districts. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Varicli/. 3f F. {a.) j. 2 subinfegerrima Vahl Enum. i. p. 50. P. Juglandifolia (3 sub- ocrrata IFi//rf. ; i^. caroliniana Wangenh. Amer. p. 81. ex Willd. Du Roi Harbk. ed. 2. vol. i. p. 400. ex Vahl., F. Novae-A'ngliae and F. caroliniana J/i//. Diet. Nos. 5, 6. ? — Leaflets nearly entire. The green ash is easily recognised by the brilliant "^ colour of its young shoots ; i^^' and by its leaves being nearly of the same colour on both surfaces. From this uniform- ity, which is rarely observed in the foliage of -trees, Dr. Muhlenburg applied the spe- cific name concolor ; and Mi- chaux gave this tree the popular 1?6I. F. (a.jjuKlandifoiia, 1252. F. (a.)juglandif;.lia. name of the green ash. The leaves vary in length from Gin. to 15 in. I with from 2 to 4 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one, according to the i vigour of the tree, and to the coolness of the soil in which it grows. The ! leaflets are petiolated, and distinctly denticulated. The seeds are small ; and I the tree docs not attain a great size. There is a splendid specimen 70 ft. j high on the banks of the Thames, adjoining Pope's villa, which is that figured I in our first edition. $ 14 F. (a.) carolinia'na Lavi. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 543. ; Pursh Sept \ Identification. I eo. 18:i6. ' Symni/mes. F. excelsior JViilt. Fl. Car. lida. JJorhli. ; sliining Ash, y//nt'r. , Engraving. Om fig. 2100. in p. 1109. I Spec. Char., Sfc 1. p. 9 The Carolina Ash. . ; Don's Mill., 4. p. .5.5. ; Lodd. Cat., p. 254. ; F. serratiftlia Michx.fil. Arb. p. 33. ; F. lanceo- shining above, Leaflets 2 — 3 pairs, oval, petiolate, serrated, glabrous and Flowers calyculate. Branches glabrous, and, like the buds, brownish. Kacemes loose, \\ in. long, often twin from the' same bud. Pedicels numerous, umbellate. Calyx small, campanulate. (Do?i\'! Mill., adapted.) A deciduous tree. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 30 ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1783. Flowers greenish yellow; May and June. 650 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This is a very remarkable variety, readily distinguished by the lai-ge size of its leaflets, which are nearly round, but acuminated, and seldom consist of more than two pairs, with an odd one. The samaras are unlike those of any of the preceding sorts ; being flat, oval, and often almost as broad as they are long. In spring, the lower surface of the leaves, and the young shoots, are covered with down, which disappears as the summer advances. H. S., Lod. If 15. F. (a.) epi'ptera Vahl. The v/'ing-topped-seeded, or two-coloured. Ash. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 8. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 55. Si/nonymes- F. canadensis Gwrtn. Frucl. 1. p. 222. t. 49. ; F. ISncea Bosc. Engravings. Ga>rtn. Fruct., 1. t. 49. ; the plate 'of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 1263. F. (a.) epiptera. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets lanceolate-elliptic, subserrated, opaque, and downVi beneath on the veins. Samara cuneated, obtuse and emarginate at the apex.j and terete at the bottom. Young branches green, covered with white dots.; Bark cliinky. Flowers calyculate. Buds brown. (Doll's jUI/L) A de-| ciduous tree. Canada to Carolina. Height 50 ft. Introduced in 1823.| Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Lod. and Hort. Soc. Garden. , ¥ 16. F. (a.) platyca'rpa Vahl. The broad-fruited Ash. Jdentification. Vahl Enum., 1. p. 49. ; Fursh Sept., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. S."). ; Lodd.; Cat.' ed. 1H3(;. Synonymes. F. caroliniana Catesb. Car. t. 80. ; the Carolina Ash, Amer. i Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. fig. 124. ; and o\xxfi^s. 1264. and 1265. I Sjjec. Char., ^c. Leaflets almost sessile, very distinctly serrated, eUiptic-lan| ceolate, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad ; having the larger veins villous beneatlv Samara elliptic-lanceolate, 2 in. long, acute at both ends. (Don's Mill.) deciduous tree. Virginia and Carolina. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Intr tluced in 1724. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. I XLVIII. OLEACE^: 0 RNUS. 651 Very easily known from all the other American ashes, by the leaves dying off, in the autumn, of a fine purple. Lod. and Hort. Soc. Other alleged Ame- rican Species. — F (a.) expansa Willd., F. (a.) mixta Bosi, F. (a.) pulverulenta Bosc, F. (a.) rubi- cunda Bosc, F. (a.) longifolia Bosc, F. '""" (a.) viridis Bosc, F. (a.) cinerea Bosc, F. (a.) alba Bosc, F. (a.) Richardi Bosc, F. (a.) ovata Bosc, F. (a. ) nigra Bosc, F. (a.) elliptica Bosc, F. (a.) fusca Bosc, F. (a.) riifa Bosc, F. (a.) pannosa Ve7it. et Bosc, F. Bosai G. Don, F, (a.) polemoniifolia Pair., F. (a.) triptera Nictf., F. chinensis Ruxb., F. Schiedeajza Schlecht. are described in our first edition, and plants of most of them may be had at Messrs. Loddiges's, and in other London nurseries. Except the last two they are only varieties, and in our opinion not worth keeping distinct. Genus VII. 1264. f. (a.)l'l--t.M.arpa. (/RNUS Pers. The Flowkring Ash. Li7i. S7/sL Diandria Monogjnia, or Polygamia Dioe^cia. Identification. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 8. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. .56. Synonymes. i^i-axinus sp. of the older authors ; le Frene k Fleurs, Fr. ; die bliihende Esche, Ger. ; Orno, Ital. ; Oren, Hebrew ; Oreine melia, Greek. Derivation. From oros, the Greek word for a mountain. Gen. Char., Sfc. Flowers hermaphrodite, or of distinct sexes. Calt/j: 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted ; segments long, ligulate. Stamens with long filaments. Stigma emarginate. Samara 1 -celled, 1-seeded, winged, {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers in teiniinal or axillary panicles. Trees, deciduous ; natives of Europe, North America, and Asia ; in British gardens, propagated by grafting on the common ash, and sometimes by seeds. t 1. 0. europ^'a Pers. The European Flowering, or Manna, Ash. ' Identification. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 56. ' Synonymes. Fraxinus O'rnus Lin. Sp. 1510.; F. O'rnus and F. panicuiata Mill. Diet. No. 3. and No. 4. ; F. florifera Scop. Cam. No. 1250. ; F. botryoldes Mor. Pr. J. HU^MiLE Ij. The humble, or Italian yellow. Jasmine. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1. p. 9.; Vahl Enum., 1. p. 33.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 63. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 350. ; Schmidt Baura., t. 149. ; and oxitfig. 127a Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves alternate, acute, trifoliolate, and pinnate. Branches angular. Calycine segments very short. Plant glabrous. Peduncles terminal, twin or ternary, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow, with oblong obtuse I segments. (^Don's Mill.) An erect sub-evergreen shrub. Madeira. Height .3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1636. Flowers yellow ; June to September. 3^ • 3. J. heterophy'llum Roxb. The various-leaved Jasmine. \ Identification. Roxb. Fl. Ind., 1. p. 99. and lfi4. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. G3. iSynonymes. J- arbureura Hamilt. MSS. ; Goojee and Javana in Nepal. [Engravings. Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar., 3. t. 275. ; and our fig. 1274. h&mile. \Spec. Char., ^c. Arbore- I ous. Leaves alternate, i 1274. J. heterophjllum. I simple or trifoliolate, oblong-elliptic or broad- ovate, and acuminated, waved, lucid, firm, gla- brous. Panicles termi- nal, trichotomous, fas- tigiate, corymbose, and downy. Calyx urceo- late, with short subulate teeth. Segments of the corolla oblong, equal to thp tube in length. Leaves variable. (Don's Mill.) A middle-sized tree ; in England a sub-evergr.een shrub. Nepal. Height 6 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers bright yellow, fragrant; July and August. - « 4. J. revolu'tum Ker. The revolute- i^ ^'^ powered Jasmine. (tcntification. Ker Bot. Reg., t. 178. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 64. iinonymes. J. chrysanthemum Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 93. ; the Nepal jellow Jasmine. :iigravings. Bot. Reg., t. 178. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1731.; ' Bot. Cab., t. 966. ; and our fig. 1275. 'jicc. Char., Sj'c. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Leaflets 3 — 7, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, glabrous, on short petiolules. Corymbs ' terminal, compound. Calycine teeth very • short, raucronate. Branches angular, gla- brous. Leaves shining, and flowers bright I and yellow, and very fragrant. (Don's ' Mill.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. , North of Hindostan and Nepal, on 1275. J. reioliituni. 656 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Dowers bright 1276. J. (r.> pubigerum- nioiintains. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1812. yellow, very fragrant; May to October. Readily propagated by cuttings, and a free grower and flowerer in any common soil and exposure. ss i* 5. /. (r.) pubi'gerum D. Don. The downy Nejial Jasmine. Identification. D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 106. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 64. Synuni/mes. J, Wa.l\ichianU7n Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1409. ; Climali- swa, Nepalese. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1409. ; and our Jig. I27G. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Leaflets 7 — 9 ; ovate-lanceolatp or oblong, acuminated, sessile, downy while young. Branches angular, downy. Peduncles elongated, 1-flowered, termi- nal, subcorymbose, downy. Teeth of calyx short. Segments of corolla 3 — 6, obtuse. Flowers yel- low, and smaller than those of ■/. revolutum. (Doll's Mill.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. Nepal. Height 10 it. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers yellow ; May to October. So closely resembles the preceding one, that we cannot doubt its being only a variety of it. -1 fl- 6. J', officina'le L. The officinal, or common. Jasmine. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1. p. 9. ; Vahl Enum., 1. p. 34. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 63. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 31. ; Schmidt Baum., 3. t. 150. ; and our^^. 1277. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, ter- minal one longest. Young buds erecti^h. Plant glabrous. ■ Branches angular. Calycine segments 5, subulate. Corolla white, 4 — 5-cleft, sweet- scented. (Don's Mill.) A climbing shrub, evergreen from the colour of its shoots. Malabar to Georgia and Mount Caucasus, in woods. Stems 40 ft. to 50 ft. Introd. 1596, or long before. Flowers white, highly odoriferous; June to August. Fruit black, only produced occasionally in England. Varieties 1 L. 3. o. 2 foliis argenteis Lodd. Cat. — Leaves striped with white. J 4- J. o. 3 foliis aureis Lodd. Cat. — Leaves striped with yellow. 1 fl- J. o. 4 Jloribiis jdenis Hort. -■- Flowers double, very rare. The common jasmine generally loses its leaves in the winter season, especially in exposed situations ; but, as its young shoots are of a fine deep green, and the j)lant is generally covered with them, it has the appearance at that season of an evergreen. The shoots arc frequently produced 7 or 8 feet in length, and upwards, in one season. Order L. .^POCYNA^CE^. Ord. Char. Ca/?/.r 5-cleft, persistent. Coro/Za 5-lobed, deciduous ; ae-stiva tion imbricate. Stamens 5, epipetalous. Ovarium soiitarv or twin, usuallv many-seeded. Styles 1 or 2. Stigmas, where 2, applied to each otheii Fruit follicular, drupaceous, or baccate ; soUtary or twin ; 1- or many, seeded. Albumen generally present. — Distinguisiied from AsdeinMecc in tli'l structure of the anthers and stigmas. (G. Don.) I-. ^POCYNACE^. : n'NCA. 657 Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen; entire, shining. Flowers axillar}'. — Trailing, suff'ruticose, evergreen shrubs ; natives of" Europe. Genus I. FFNCA L. The Periwinkle. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogjnia. 1 Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 29.5. ; Juss., 144. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 95. Si/noniiines. Pervinca Tourn. t. 45. ; la Pervenche, Fr. ; Sunngriin, Ger. ; Vinca, or Fior da "Mor'to, Ital. Derivation. In Don's Miller, this word is said to be derived from vinco, to conquer ; because the species subdue other plants by their creeping roots, or bind them by their runners : but a much better origin seems to be from vinculum, a band, on account of the suitableness of the shoots for the purpose of making bands. Gen. Char., S)-c. Calyx S-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube longer than the calyx ; throat bearded ; segments of the limb flat, oblique, truncate at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, enclosed. Anthers ending each in a hairy membrane at the apex, which connive over the stigma. Stigma bearded, seated on a flat orbicular disk, which is grooved round the cir- cumference. Glands 2, alternating with the ovaries, glabrous, as well as they. Follicles 2, erect, terete, narrow, dehiscing lengthwise, few-seeded. Seeds cylindrical, naked. Albumen fleshy. {Don's Mill.) Leaves as in the Order. Flowers axillary, solitary, alternate, pedunculate ; blue, purple, or white. — Shrubs, evergreen, sufFruticose, creeping or trail- ing ; natives of Europe ; of the easiest culture ; and readily propagated by division, layers, or cuttings : valuable in pleasure-grounds, as thriving under the dense shade of trees and shrubs. f(^ 1. V. MA^JOR L. The greater Periwinkle. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 304. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 95. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synnnymes. Tinea media Dclile \ Pervinca major Scop. Cam. No. 274. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 514. ; Baxt. Brit. Fl. PL, vol. 2. t. 158. ; and ourflgs. 1278. and 1279. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stamens erectish. Leaves ovate, acute, ciliated. Calycine teeth linear-subulate, ciliated, usually with a small tooth on each side at the base. Segments of corolla broad, obovate. This species is larger in all its parts than the following sort. Flowering stems erect ; barren ones trailing. {Don's Mill.) A low, trailing or creeping, suf- fruticose evergreen. Middle and South of Europe, and apparently wild in some parts of Britain. Height 2 ft., form- ing a dense, dark green, low, trailing bush, growing freely under the shade of other trees, and producing its fine blue 1 flowers from March to Sept. fariety. Sw V. m. 2 variegdta Hort. — Leaves variegated with white arid yellow. j %, 2. V. mi'nor L. The less Periwinkle. 'identification. Lin. Sp., 304. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 95. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. •^ijnoiiymes. Pervinca minor Scop. Cam. No. 273. •, Pervinca vulgaris Par*. Theatr. 311. f. 1.; 1 Clematis daphniildes Dorian. Pempt. 401. f.ngravings. Eng. Bot., t. 917. ; Hayne Abbild, t. 20. ; and our fig. 1280. foec. Char., ^c. Stems procumbent. Leaves elliptic lanceolate, glabrous. u u V. major. 1279. V. major. 658 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, bluntish. Segments of corolla broadish at top. Flow- ering stems usually erect. Flowers void of scent. Corolla blue, with white throat, varying to purple and white ; of a smaller size than that of V. major. (Don's Mill.) A trailing evergreen undershrub. Europe ; in many places in Britain, in hedges and woods, in rather damp situations. Flowers blue ; March till September. Varieties. VI. 2 fbliis argenteis Lodd. Cat. — Leaves vai-iegated with white. V. m. Sfoliis aiireis Lodd. Cat. — Leaves variegated with yellow. V. m. ^flore dlbo Lodd. Cat. — Flowers white. V. m. 5jldrepleno Lodd. Cat — Flowers double. V. m. 6 flore piiniceo Lodd. Cat. — Flowers red. V. m. 7 acutiflbra Bert. — Leaves ovate acute at both ends; margins glabrous. Segments of corolla oblique ; ovate- acuminate. South of Europe. Flowers blue ; March and April. Order LI. ^SCLEPIAD^TE^. Ord. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla 5-lobed ; aestivation usuall)| imbricate. Stamens 5, epipetalous. Polle?i masses equal in number to thq cells of the anthers, which are 2 or 4, and fixed to fine processes of thd stigma. Ovarium twin. Styles 2, crowned by one stigma. Fruif of ^ follicles. Seeds numerous, imbricate, furnished with a tuft of hair at thi] umbihcus. Albumen thin. — The pollen being combined into a definiti number of waxy masses separates this order from all other dicotyledonou orders. (G. Don,^ Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; shining, entire. Flower subumbellate. — Twining shrubs ; natives of South Europe and Asia. i Genus I. PERFPLOCA L. The Periploca. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. Jdentificalion. R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc, 1. p. 57. ; Don's Mill.. 4. p. 163. Synonymes. Periploca Fr. ; Schlinge, Ger. ; Periploca, Ital. Derivation. From pcripleko, to wrap about ; in allusion tc the twining stems. Gen. Char., Sfc. Corolla rotate. Th-oat furnished with 5 awned scales, whi.l alternate with the segments of the corolla. Filaments distinct. Anting cohering, bearded on the back. Pollen masses applied to the dilated toj of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 confluent cm Stigma almost mutic. Follicles cylindrical, much divaricate, smooth. Sa comose. (Don's Mill.) Leaves as in tiie Order. Floivers subcorymbose, interpetiolar. — Shni I i LI. .^SCLEPIAD^V^.E : PERl'PLOCA^ 659 deciduous, twining, glabrous ; natives of the South of Europe; and propa- gateJ by cuttings of the root or shoots, or by layers. ^ 1. P. GR^'cA L. The Greek Periploca. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 309. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 16.3. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 18,3G. Synonymes. P. maculata Moench, Schmidt Baum. 1. t. 46. ; Silk Tree; Apocino serpeggiante, Ital. Engravings. Fl. Grac, t. 249. ; Bot Reg., t. 803. ; and our^s. 1281. and 1292. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves varying from ovate to lanceolate, 3 in. to 4 in. long. Corymbs on long peduncles. Flowers hairy inside. Branches brown. Segments of corolla linear, rounded at the apex, greenish outside and brownish inside, and clothed with copious short hairs. (Dons Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. South of Fr.qnce, Bithynia ; found also about Bursa, and on Mount Athos. Stems 20 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1597. Flowers rich velvety brown ; July and August. The remarkable colour and rich velvety appearance of the flowers, the elegant form of the leaves, and the facility with which the plant can be made to cover an extensive space, render it useful for arbours, &c. ; but he odour of the flowers is considered unwholesome, and even dangerous to jhose who are long exposed to it. -2 2. P. ANGUSTIFO^LIA LaUll. 12S1. P. grse'ca. 1282. P. prce'ca. I '■lenlification. Labill. PI. Syr., dec. 2. p. 13. t. 7 ^iiionyiitis. P. rigida I'iv. ; P. Itevigata Fahl. Uigravings. Labill. PI. Syr., dec. 2. p. 13. t. 17. an^stif61ia. The narrow-leaved Periploca Don's Mill., 4. p. 163. and our fig. 1283. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves veinless, nar- row-lanceolate, glabrous, persis- tent. Cymes trichotomous. Flow- ers purplish inside, pale yellow beneath and round the mouth, with a white spot in the middle. Leaves I in. long. (Don's Mill.) A twining shrub. Tunis, o n Mount Schibel Jsekel ; and of the Island of Lampedosa, at the sea side, near Laodicea. Stem 20 ft. to 30ft. Introduced in. 1800, and quite as hardy as P. grte^ca. k *hysi.*.'nthus dlbens Mart,,(Bot. Reg., 1. 1759. ; and our 1285.), a ligneous climber from Buenos Ayres, has stood against a wall in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in some of the London nurseries, during the winter of 1838-1839. "It is a plant of very interesting and uncommon aspect, and not only flowers freely, but produces its ovate pointed fruit (fg. 128-1.), which, be- ing in clusters and large, has a very I-.- ......„„. singular appearance. Introd. 1830. V V 2 l?Sl. p. ilbens. 1285. P. aibens r>60 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Order LII. BIGN0N/^C£^. Ord. Chah. Calyx divided or entire. Corolla tubular, generally irregular! 4 — 5-lobed. Stamens 5, but either 1 or 3 of them are sterile. Ovarium 2-) celled, guarded by a glandular disk; Stigvia bilamellate. Capsule 2-valvedj 2-celled. Dissepiment parallel or contrary. Seeds compressed, wingedj Albumen none. — The structure of the fruit and placentation of the seed^ readily distmguish this order from its allies. (6r. Don.) \ Leaves simple or compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous or sub- evergreen ; serrated or entire. Flowers terminal and axillary. — Shrubs! climbing by tendrils ; natives of North America and China. The genera which contain hardy species are thus distinguished : — BiGNO^N/^ Tourn. Calyx 5-toothed. Dissepiment of the fruit parallel. Te'coma Juss. Calyx 5-toothed. Dissepiment of the fruit contrary. Cata'lpa Juss. Calyx 2-parted. Dissepiment of the fruit parallel. Genus I. ■ lit I'i f' llltl Iks m pig "-:a BIGNO^N/y} Tourn. The Trumpet Flower. Angiospermia. Lin. Syst. Didynamiiii Identification. Tourn. Inst., 72. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 216. Synonymes. Bignone, Fr. ; Trompetenblurae, Ger. ; Bignonia, Ital. Derivation. Named by Tournefort in compliment to Abbe Bignon, librarian to Louis XIV. Gen. Char., S^c. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, rarely entire. Corolla wit! short tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed bilabiate limb. Stamens, didynamous, that is, 2 long and 2 short ; with the rudiment of a filj. Lobes of anthers divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-forni!. 2-celled ; having the dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds dispojl in 2 rows, imbricate, transverse, with membranous wings. {Don's Mill.)- Leaves compound, opposite, sub-evergreen ; conjugate, stipulate, ■ foliolate. Floivers axillary, usually panicled. — Shrubs, usually scatiil furnished with tendrils. The only hardy species is a deciduous climbt, • native of North America ; and easily propagated by cuttings of the re,- or shoots, in common soil. j •■■■^?. ..a^ Identification. p. 217. Engravings. Bot J 1. B. CAPREOLATA L. The tendriled Bignonia, or Trumpet Flowe Lin. Sp., 870. ; Hort. Cliff., 317. ; Don's Mill., 4. Mag., t. 864. ; and our fig. 1286. Spec. Char., S/'c. Climbing. Leaves conjugate; leaflets cordate-oblong ; lower ones simple. Tendrils small, trifid ; the lobes bifurcate. Peduncles axillary, 1- flowered, crowded. Calyx entire. Corollas reddish yellow. Follicles flattened, 1 ft. long. {Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. North America, in the more southern parts. Stem 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1710. Flowers orange brown; June and July. A very ornamental wall climber, but it requires a sheltered situation and favourable exposure, in order to flower freely. In sheltered situations, in a climate - , not colder than that of London, it forms a very desirable shrub for c.-en"-- btticework, either forming the support of a verandah, or the sides aj ^'^'' of a berceau or bower. / 1286. B. capreotj LII. BldJO-ti I A'CEJE • TE'COMA. Genus II. m\ TE'COMA Juss. The Tecoma Didynamia Angiospermia. ]ientification. Juss. Gen., p. 139. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 223. \ifnonyme. Bignfinw sp. of Lin. and others. iterivation. From Tecomaxochitl, the Mexican name of one of the species. veil. Char., S^-c. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothecl. Corolla with a short tube and a campanulate throat ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, i" that is, 2 long and 2 short ; with the rudiment of a fifth sterile filament. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, 2-celled, having the dissepi- ment contrary to the valves. Seeds disposed in 2 rows, imbricate, winged, i transverse. (Doit's Mill.) I Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, 'deciduous ; imparipinnate. Flowers terminal, panicled, orange or scarlet. — Shrubs, scandent, decidu- ous ; natives of Asia and North America. I The only hardy species yet introduced is a deciduous climbing shrub, quite jirdy, and readily propagated by cuttings of the shoots or roots. k I. T, RADi^CANS Juss. The rooting-branched Tecoma, or Trumpet Flower. kntification. Juss. Gen., p. 139. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 225. \nonymes. Bignbnm radicans Lin. Sji. 871. ; Bignbnw radicans major Hort. ; Gelsemium Clematis \Barrel. Icon. 59. ; Bignfinra /raxinifolia Catcsb. Car. ; Jasmin de Virginie, Fr. ; Wurzeln Big- lionia, Oer. ; Esschenbladige Bignonia, Butch. ; Gelsomino americano, Ital. igravings. Bot. Mag., t. 485. ; and oar fig. 1287. \)ec. Char., ^c. Climbing, glabrous. Branches i rough, rooting. Leaflets 9, ovate, acuminated, ; coarsely serrated. Racemes terminal, corymbose, on long peduncles. Tube of corolla 5 times , longer than the calyx. (Don's Mill.) A robust jdeciduous climber, which fixes itself to trees or jWalls by its roots, like ivy. CaroUna, Florida, and iVirginia. Stems 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in |1640. Flowers scarlet and orange-coloured, large ; [August and September. \riett/. \ -i T. r. 2 major Hort. has the flowers larger and of a darker scarlet j the leaves, also, differ considerably, both in size and shape. Ca- ! rolina ; August. Introduced in 1724. |ln British gardens it grows vigorously, producing t!ts of leaves and fine flowers abundantly at the 'iremity of the branches, but is rather apt to become naked below. j 1 2. r. GRANDiFLo^RA Swt. The great-flowcred Tecoma. i'itificalion. Sweet's Hort. Brit., p. 14. :-Don'sMilL, , p. 225. ^\nymes. Bignbnia grandiflbra Thunb. Fl. Jap. .3. ; B. chinensis Lam. Diet. 1. p. 424. ; Rjotsjo ;S7>j/)/ Ama-n. p. 8.56. ; Incarvillea grandifl6ra mng. Syst. 2. p.836. ; Tung-von-fa, Giinese. 12&7. T. radicans. •^iravings. 12S8. Banks Icon. Ka;mpf., t. 21.; and our ft 1 ■Jic. Char., Sfc. Slightly scandent, glabrous. liCaflets 7 — 9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely errated, attenuated at the base. Pani- ;les terminal, pendulous. Calycine seg- jients lanceolate, length of the tube of e corolla. Branches rooting. Young cots spotted with dark purple. Leaves u u 3 128.^. T. grandiflora. 662 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 6 in. to loin, long. Petioles marginate. Flowers pendulous, forming ter- minal cross-armed panicles, large, of a tawny orange colour on the outside, and of a tolerably bright reddish orange colour inside, with brighter streaks. Nectary a glandular crenated ring. Anterior lobe of stigma recurved. (Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China and Japan. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers orange-coloured ; July and August. Almost as hardy as Tecoma radicans, which it greatly resembles, but of a slighter habit, though it has much larger flowers, and is altogether a very splendid plant. Genus III. i J CATA'LPA Juss. The Catalpa. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Identification. Juss. Gen., 138., ed. Usteri, p. 1.55. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 230. Synonynies. Bigndm'a sp. of Lin. and others ; Bignone Catalpa, Fr. ; gemeine Trompetenblume, Ger. Deriiiation. The Indian name of a species of BignbniVi. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx 2-parted. Corolla campanulate, with a ventricose tube, and an unequal 4-lobed limb. Stamens 5, 2 of which are fertile, and 3 of them sterile. Slig7na bilamellate. Capside silique-fonned, long, cylin- | drical, 2-valved. Dissepiment opposite the valves. Seeds merabranously | margined, and pappose at the base and apex. (Don's Mill.) \ Leaves simple, opposite, or disposed 3 in a whorl, exstipulate, deciduous ; j entire. Flowers terminal, panicled, white. — A tree, deciduous ; native of I North America ; of easy culture in common soil, and propagated by imported j seeds or cuttings of the roots. 5^ 1. C. SYRiNGM^o^iAk Sims. The Lilac-/iAe-leaved Catalpa. , Identification. Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1094. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 230. Syiionymes. Bignbnea Catalpa Lin. Sp., 868. ; Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Fl. Car. p. 64. ; C. 1289. Catdlpa tyringxfblia. eordifoliii Nutt. Gen. Amer. 1. p. 10. ; Bois Shavanon, Catalpa de I'Araerique, Fr. ; Trompe baum, Ger. ; Catalpa-boom, Dutch. C LIII. ^OLANA^CEii: : i'OLA^NUM. 663 I •Derivation. The French of Upper Louisiana call this tree Bois Shavanon. from its being found in abundance on tlie banks of the river S/iava7ion, now called the Cumberland. Catdlpa is supposed to be a corruption of Catawba, an Indian tribe that formerly occupied a great part of Georgia and 1 tlie Carolinas. \Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 1. 1. 14. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and ouryjg.1289. \Spec. Char., S^-c. Leaves cordate, flat, 3 in a whorl, large and deciduous. Branches j strong. Panicles large, branchy, terminal. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, on the banks of rivers. Height 20 ft. to .30 ft. sometimes CO ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers white, marked with purple and yellow ; July and August. Capsules remarkably long, narrow, and horny. The catalpa is generally propagated by seeds, which are imported from jAmerica ; but it will grow readily from cuttings of the root ; and, of course, plants so raised will flower much sooner than those which are raised from seed. [Fhe tree is of rapid growth till it attains the height of 20 ft., which, in deep ree soil, in the neighbourhood of London, it does in 10 years. Order LIII.- 50LANA^CE^. Ird. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla 3-cleft, usually regular ; aestiva- tion imbricate or plicate. Stamens 5, rarely 4, epipetalous. Sft/le 1. Fruit 2 — 4-celled, capsular or baccate. Albumen fleshy. Regular flowers, arched or spiral embryo, plicate aestivation of corolla, and equal stamens, distinguish this order from its allies. (G. Don.) \ Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; oblong, and sometimes pinnately divided. Floiuers solitary or numerous. — Shrubs, \ deciduous or sub-evergreen; natives of Europe, Asia, and South America; i readily propagated by cuttings in any common soil, not over moist. I The few ligneous or sufFruticose hardy plants contained in this order are included in the genera (Jolanurn, Ljcium, and Crabowskiff, which are thus jharacterised : — ;vola'num Pliyiy. Anthers cbnnivent, dehiscing by pores at the anex. Berry I 2-celled, rarely 4-celled. pY'ciUM L. Anthers usually exserted, and not connivent, opening length- ! wise. Berry 2-celled. iJR.\Bo'AvsKU Schlecht. Drupe containing two 2-celled bony carpels. Cells . 1-seeded. I Genus I. #1 u iOLA'NUM Tourn. The Nightshade. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. fentyication. Tourn. Inst., p. 149. t. 62. ; Lin. Gen., No. 2.'il. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 400. •ynonymes. Melcngina Tourn. Inst. p. 151. t. 65. ; Pseddo-Capsicum Mosnch Meth. p. 476. ; ; Nycterium Vent. Jard. Malm. p. 85. ; Aquartzo Jacq. Amer. p. 15. t. 12. ; Morelle, Fr. ; Nacht- |Schatten, Ger. ; Solano, Ital. erivation. The first use of the word Solanum occurs in the writings of Tragus, who applied it to Chenopbdium hybridum. It is said to t)e derived from solari, to console. The Ore. ks called our I European solanums struchnoi, a name which Linnseus transferred to the genus of tropical shrubs, iStrychnos, to which the nux vomica belongs. i'e«. Char., Sfc. Calyx permanent, 5-, rarely 4-, cleft. Corolla rotate, rarely carapanulate, 5-, rarely 4-, cleft. Anthers oblong, connivent, opening by 2 pores at the apex. Berry almost globose, 2 — 3 — 4-celled, but usually 2-celled. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen; undi- vided, sinuated, lobed, imparipinnate, or decompound. Flowers in peduncles, solitary or numerous, simple or multifid, axillary or extra-axillary. — Shrubs, u u 4 664 ARBOKETUM F,T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. suffrutescent, scandent, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, or South America ; of tlie easiest culture in common soil. -i 1. iS*. DuLCAMA~RA L. The Bitter-sweet, or ivoody. Nightshade. Identification. Lin. Sp , p. 264. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 409. Synonymes. S. scandeiis Xfck. Gullo-Bel. 119.; Dulcamara flexubsa Ma-nch Metfi. p. 514.; S. scandens seu Dulcamara Tozirn. Inst. p. 149. ; .\mara dulcis Gerard Emac. 3-50. ; Dulcis aniara Trag. 816. ; Glycypicros seu Dulcamara Bauh. Hist. 2. p. 109. icon. ; la P.Iorelle grimpante, Reg- nautt Bot. Icon. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 56.5. ; Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI., vol. 2. t. 110. ; and oar fig. 1290. Spec. Char.f S^c. Shrubbj', scandent, flesuous. Leaves ovate-cordate; su- perior ones hastate. Corymbs almost opposite the leaves. Shrub gla- brous. Leaves cordate ; superior ones hastate, all quite entire. Corymbs panicled. Corolla violet-coloured, with reflexed segments, each segment furnished with 2 green spots at the base. Berries elliptic, red. {Don^s Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. Europe, Asia, and North America, in hedges and among bushes; plentiful in Britain. Stem 6ft. to 8 ft. Flowers violet; June and July. Berry red ; ripe in September. Vaneties. 1 S. Z). 1 violdcea Hort. Eyst. p. 385. t. 384. No, 3. — Corollas violet. -i S. n.2 dlha Lin. Fl. Suec. p. 66.— Corollas white. Lodd. 1 S. D. 3 ccirnca Cels. Dps. 32. — Corollas flesh-coloured. A S. D. -i plena Tourn. List. 149. — Corollas double. i. S. J). 5 variegdta Munt. fig. 156. — Leaves variegated. 1 S. Z). 6 hirsida Don's Mill. iv. p. 409. ; S. littorale Horf. — Plant hairy or downy. Flowers violet. Found on the sea coast. Lodd. 1 S. Z). 7 rupestris Schmidt Fl. Boh. p. 69. — Stem erect. Leaves ovate, quite entire. Racemes few-flowered, dichotomous. Bohemia. The stems of this species are roundish, branched, twisted, and chmbing by elongation, among other shrubs, and in hetlges, to the height of 6 or 8 feet, or upwards. When bruised, broken, or rubbed, they yield a strong and peculiar odour, not unlike that which proceeds from rats and mice. The roots smell like potatoes ; and both roots and stalks, upon being chewed, first cause a sensation of bitterness, which is soon followed by a con- siderable degree of sweetness, whence the/specific name. The berries are poisonous ; and, as they are common in hedges, they are very frequently eaten by children, on whom they operate by e.xcit- ing violent vomiting and purging. Trained to a single stem to the height of 6 or 8 feet, and sup- ported by a strong iron rod, with a parasol top, this common hedge weed might form a very handsome gardenesque pendulou.s tree ; or it might cover a domical bower. S. CRi'sPTJM R. Sf S. The curled-leaved Solanura 1290. S. Dulcamara. « i- -2. Identification. Rcem. et Schult. Sp. PI., 4. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 4. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1516. ; and ourfig. 1291. p. 414. Spec. Char., Si~c. Stem shrubby. Leaves ovate, subcordate, wavedly curledj acuminate. Flowers corymbose. {Rcem. et Schult.) Leaves all sinipK' undivided, ovate, or cordate, acuminate, petiolate, slightly curled at tin margin ; younger leaves powder}', but full-grown ones green. Cymes many flowered, terminal, all the parts powdery. Bracteas none. Calyx short 3-toothed. Corolla middle-sized, of a bluish lead-colour. Anthers aqua, yellow. (Li)tdl.) A large sub-evergreen rambling shrub. Chiloe, in wasti places and hedges. Height I5ft. to30ft. Introduced in 1830. Flower bluish coloured ; May to September. -*;» L LUI. S'OLANAVEiE : ZY'cIUM. 685 A hardy vigorous-growing plant, of a much more ligneous character than S. Dulcamara, sub-evergreen, and covered I with flowers nearly the whole summer. j As it will grow in any soil, and is readily I propagated by cuttings, it promises to be of great value as an ornamental climber, for rapidly covering naked walls. If tied ! to a stake, and thus forced to grow erect, ' it will throw out a great number of lateral branchlets, at the end of every one of ; which is produced a bunch of flowers. I The art of hybridisation has not yet been practised with the shrubby species of iSolanum, otherwise it is not improbable [ that some hybrids might be originated be- tween the South American and the British ' species, which would be as hardy as those which have been described. Genus II. 1291. S. crispui LY'CIUM L. The Box Thorn. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. L'in. Gen., 1262. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4-57. Synontjmes. Jasminoides Kiss, in .ict. Gall. i7U. ; Matrimony Vine, Amer. ; Lycien, Fr. ; Bocks- doru, Ger. ; Licio, Ital. One species, L. barbarum, is commonly called the Duke of Argyll's tea tree, from the circumstance of a tea plant ( Thea viridis) having been sent to the Duke of Argyll at the same time as this plant, and the labels having been accidentally changed. Derivation. Derived from Lycia. in Asia Minor ; hence the lukion of Dioscorides ; a name given by him to a thorny shrub, which was supjiosed by Dr. Sibthorp to have been the iJhamnus infectbrius, but which Dr. Koyle, with greater probability, regards as identical with a species of Berberis which he has denominated Berberis Xycium. Gen. Char. Caly.v urceolate, regularly 5-toothed, or irregularly 3 — 3-cleft, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular ; limb 5- or 10-cleft, or toothed, imbricate in aestivation, sometimes plicate. Stamens 5, usually exserted ; filaments bearded, and widened at the base. Anthers cordate, dehiscing lengthwise. Berry roundish, 2-celled. Seeds numerous, reniform. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire or nearly entire, solitary or in fascicles. Floivers in peduncles, extra-axillary or terminal, solitary, twin, or umbellate, rarely corymbose ; white, yellow, rose-coloured, purple, or blue.' — Shrubs, deciduous, scandent, and usually somewhat spinose ; natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa ; readily propagated by cuttings of the branches or of the roots. -1 \. L. EUROPiE'u.M L. The European Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Syst, 228. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synovymes. L. saliciRlium Mill. Diet. No. 3. ; Jasminoides aculeitum Mick. ; Spino santo, Spine di Cristo, Hal. Engravings. Mich. Gen., t. 105. f. 1. ; Mill. Icon., t. 171. f. 2. ; and om Jig. 1292. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches erect, loose. Buds spinescent. Leaves fascicled, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or spathulate, bent obliquely. Flowers twin or solitary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, but shorter than the limb. Calyx 3-cleft, ruptured at the side. Corollas pale violet, reticulated with red veins ; tube greenish. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub, with long slender shoots, and prone to throw up innumerable suckers. South of Europe. Stem 20ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers violet; May to August. Fruit bright scarlet or yellow; ripe in September. 666 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICL'M. Ci r 's. 1292. L. europaeum- Valuable for covering naked walls, as it grows with extreme rapidity, and flowers and fruits freely, in almost any soil or situation. Established plants, in good soil, will make shoots 10 or 12 feet in length in one season; and the plant, when trained against a house or high wall, will reach the height of 30 or 40 feet, as maybe seen in some courts in Paris. Trained to a strong iron rod, to the height of 20 or 30 feet, and then allowed to spread over an umbrella head, it would make' a splendid bower. Its shoots would hang down to the ground, and form a complete screen on every side, ornamented from top to bottom with ripe fruit, which is bi'ight scarlet or yellow, and very showy ; with unripe fruit, which is of a lurid purple; or with blossoms, which are purple and white. Some idea of the quantity of ripe and unripe fruit, and of blossoms, which may be found on a shoot at one time, may be formed from fig. 1292., which is only a portion of a shoot, the upper part of which (not exhibited in the figure) contained two or three dozen of fruit, all ripe at once. Varieties. There is a variety with yellow fruit, and another with the fruit roundish ; and, in our opinion, L. barbarum, chinense, ruthenicum, Shaw?, and Trewm7n/7», all of which we have seen in Loddiges's arboretum, and in the Paris gardens in 1840, are nothing more than variations of the same form. 1 2. Li. (e.) ba'rbarum Li. The Barbary Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 277.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonym.es. L. Aalimifblium Mill. Diet. No. 6. ; L. barbarum avulgare Ait. Hort. KeiiK 1. p. 2.57. ; the Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 9. ; and onrfi'g. 1293. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches depend- ent. Buds spiny. Leaves lan- ceolate, flat, glabrous, acute. Flowers twin, extra-axillary, pe- dicellate. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, about equal in length to the limb* Branches angular. Buds often without spines. Calyx 2 — 3-lobcd. Co- rolla with a purple limb, and yellowish base. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry ovate, yellow. Stamens bearded near the base. There is a variety of this, having livid or pale corollas, and reddish yellow berries. (Don's Alill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. North of Asia, Africa, and South of Europe. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1696 and other particulars as in L. europae'a. -* 1 3. L. (e.) chine'nse Mill. The Chinese Box Thorn. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 5. : Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonymes. L. bftrbarum /3 chinense Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 257. ; L. b&rbarum Lour. Coch. 1. p. 165. ? ; L. ovatum N. Du Ham. 1. p. 107. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 8. ; and our fig. 1294. from the N. Du Ham., and fig. 1295. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Src Branches pendulous, prostrate, striated. Buds spinescent. Leaves by threes, ovate, acute, li!93 L. (e.) barbarum. Flowers : ^ li LIII. 5'OI.ANA CE^ . LY CIUM. 667 1294. X. (e.) chinense. attenuated at the base. Pe- duncles much longer than the calyx, which is entire. Stamens exserted. Nearly allied to L. rutlienicum ; but differs in the leaves being broad-ovate. Shoots very lov.g. (^Doji's Mi/l.) A climb- ing deciduous shrub. China, about Pekin and Canton ; and of Cochin-China. Stem 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers purple ; May to Au- gust. Fruit orange-coloured ; ripe in August. Resembles L. europas'um, but is a smaller weaker plant. 1295 L. (e.) chininse. 1 4. L. (e.) Trewia'num G. Don. Trew's Box Thorn. Identification. Don's Mill., 4. p. 4."i8. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synouymcs. L. barbarum L(t7n. Diet. 3. p. 509., ex Poir. Suppl. 3. p 4'J7. ; L. chinense N. Du Ham. 1. p. 116. Engraving. O\xxfig.i\02,m\i. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches diffuse, angular. Buds spinose. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, acute. Pe- tluncles 1-flowered, soHtary or twin, extra-axillary. Calyx 2 — 3-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. This species differs from L. chinense Mill, in the spines, and from L. barbarum in the leaves. Branches rufescent. Spines few. Corolla fine purple, with a white star in the centre. Filaments pilose at the base. Berry ovate. {Bon's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers purple j May to August. Judging from the plants in the Hackney arboretum, this kind is scarcely, if at all, different from L. europsE'um. 1 5. L. (e.) ruthe'nicum Murr. The Russian Box Thorn. Identification. Murr. Comm. Goett., 1779, p. 2. t. 2. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4r.8. Synonymes. L. tatkricum Fall. Fl. Boss. 1. p. 78. t. 49. ; Lycien de la Russie, Fr. Engraving!. Murr. Comm. Goett. 1779, p. 2. t.2. ; and our fg. 1296. Spec. Char., <$-c. Branches dependent. Buds spines- "il cent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, fleshy, obtuse, attenu- ated at the base, solitary, or sub-fasciculate. Peduncles longer than the calyx. Calyx with 5 unequal teeth. Stamens exserted, equal to the hmb. Calyx usually irregularly 5-toothed, raj'ely 2 — 3-lobed, as in L. barbarum. Corolla with a white tube and purplish limb. Leaves grey, like those of L. afrum. (JDon's Aim.) A climbing deciduous shrub. Siberia, in nitrous places ; on the Wolga, and in Hyrcania. Stem 6 ft, to 10 ft. Introduced in ISOi. Flowers white ; June to August. Varieft/. -i. L, r. 2 caspicum Pall. Fl. Ross, t, 49. f. a. — Leaves shorter. Buds more spinose. Flowers smaller. Native about the Caspian Sea. u^s l, le.i ruu.en.cuiu. 668 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 6. L. (e.) lanceola'tum Poir. The lanceolate-leaved Box Thorn. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 3. p. 429. ; Don's Mill. 4. p. 458. St/nonyme. L. europae^um /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 2699. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 32. ; and out figs. 1297. and 1298. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches dependent, reflexed. Buds spinescent. Leaves lanceolate, nearly ses- sile, acute at both ends. Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, pedicel- late. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta- mens exserted. Calyx unequally 5-toothed. Corolla purple, with a white bottom. Berry oblong, red. (Don's Mill.~) A climbing deciduous shrub. Naples, Greece, &c. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced ?. Flowers purple; May to August. Berry red ; August. 1 1. L. (? E.) turbinaVum Du Ham. The turhmate-fruited Box Thorn. Identification. N. Du Ham., 1. p. 119. t. 31. : Don's Mill., 4. p. 4.^8. Synonymes. L. Aalimifblium Mill. Diet. No. 6. ? ; Z,. b&rbarum /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 2700. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 31.; and our figs. 1299. and 1300. 1297. L. (e.) lanceo- latum. 1298 L. (e.) lanceolbtum. Spec. Char., ^c. Stems erect, fascicled. Branchlets dependent, terete. Buds spiny. Leaves ses.sile, lanceolate, acumi- nated. Flowers aggregate, pedi- cellate, extra-axillary. Corolla funnel-shajjed. Stamens exserted. Calyx trifid. Berry red, and turbi- nate. Corolla violaceous, with a white bottom. (Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1709. Flowers violet; May to 1299. X. (?e.) turbinitum. J. 8. August. L. aVrum L. 1300. L. (?e.) ti'.rbin^tum. The African Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 277. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 459. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 354. ; and our figs. 1301. and 1^02. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect, spiny. Leaves fascicled, linear, canescent, attenuated at the base, obtuse, flesh3\ Flowers almost axillary, solitary, drooping. Corolla tubular, 3 times longer than the calyx. Stamens enclosed. Bark grey- coloured ; the smaller branches frequently spin}'. Leaves ~ glaucous. Filaments bearded near the base, as in all the true species. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Corolla violaceous, rich purple above. Berry globose, vio- laceous. Calyx 5-toothed. (Don's Miller.) An erect, spiny, deciduous or sub-evergreen shrub. Spain, North of Africa, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia Felix. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1712. Flowers purple ; May to July. Berry dark blue or 1301 . black ; ripe in August. Varieti/. 1 L. a. 2 rigidnm, L. rigidum Booth. — Leaves long, linear, glaucous ; shoots rigid. Possibly a distinct species. Native country unknown, but probably from China, or the North of India. Received from Messrs. Booth, in 1838. The most ornamental species of the genus ; and, though rather tender, it 1302. L. ilfrum. i LIII. 50LANA CEJE : CRABO'VVSKIy/. 669 well deserves a place in every collection against a wall. There are large and handsome plants, on a wall, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, which were uninjnred by the winter of 1837-8. Other Species of Li/cium. — There were in the Horticultnral Society's Garden, in 1838, plants named L. ovdtum and L. spatuldtum, bnt they appear to us nothing more than varieties of L. barbarum. — L, obovdtum (Jig. 1303. from a specimen received from the Liverpool Botanic Garden) wag raised there from a seed which Mr. Shepherd picked from a dried specimen received from Peru in 1836. The flowers are of a dark purple and very showv, and the plant has stood against a south wall through the winters of 1837, 38, and 39, with- out any protection. Genus III. 303. f,. oboTatum. CRABO'WSKU Schlecht. The Crabowskia. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Schlecht. in Lhinsea, 7. p. 72. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 480. Synonymes. X^cium sp. Lin. ; Ehretia sp. L'Herit. Derivation. In honour of Dr. H. Crabowski, one of the editors of Flora Silesiaca. Gen. Char. Calyx subcampanulate, regularly 5-toothed, valvular in aestiva- tion. Corolla with a short, funnel-shaped tube, and a 5-parted limb. Seg- ments of the limb spreading or reflexed, four of which are convolute in aestivation, the fifth external, with the margins covering the edges of those near it. Stamens 5. Filaments free. Drupe propped by the permanent calyx. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Floivers sub- corymbose, from the fascicles of leaves, or the tops of the branchlets ; whitish yellovv'. — A shrub, deciduous, with axillary spines, rambling, with the habit of iycium ; native of Peru. Culture as in Z jcium. 1 1. C. B0ERHAAV7^F0^i/.4 Schlecht. The Boerhaavia-leaved Crabowskia. Identification. Schlecht. in LinniEa, 7. p. 72. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 480. Synonymes. iycium boerhaavM:/i')^H/?» Lin. Suppl. p. 150.; V.hretia ha\xmiKi\a L'Herit. Stirp. 1. p. 45. t. S3.; Liciuni heterophyllum Murr. Cumni. Gb'tt. 1783 p. 6. t. 21.; Jasminoldes spintisum Du Ham. Arb. 1. p. 306. No. 5. ; Lycium panicule, Fr. Engravings. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. 1. 83. ; and our^^. 1304. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves coriaceous, glaucescent, with a saltish bitterish taste. Corolla white, having the throat veined with green. Stamens white. Stigma green. Nuts the form of those of Cq/fea arabica, convex on one side, marked by a slender furrow in the middle, obtuse at top, and perforated by two roundish holes at the base : hence it is tridentate, the first tooth from the middle of the back, the other two from the sides : sometimes, but only by abortion, 1-celled. Albumen copious, fleshy, (Don's Mill.) A rambling deciduous shrub. South of Brazil, in woods. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers white ; April and May The whole plant has a mealy white appearance ; by 1304. c iMerhviw/wio. 670 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. which, and by the singular twisted form of its leaves, it may be known at first sight from any species of Lycium. Order LIV. SCROPHULARlA^CEiE. Ord. Char. Calyx 4 — 3-parted, persistent. Corolla deciduous, irregular, or bilabiate^ or regular ; {estivation imbricate. Stamens 2 or 4, usually di- dynamous, rarely equal. Ovarium 2-celled. Sti/le ]. Stigma 2-lobed or undivided. Fruit usually capsular, rarely baccate, 2-celled, 2 — 4-valved many-seeded. Albumen copious. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; reticulately veined. The hardy genera in British gardens are Buddlea and Paulowuia, which are thus contradistinguished : — Bu'ddle^. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft, regular. Stamens 4, equal. Paulo^vn/.:!. Calyx 3-cIeft. Corolla sub-bilabiate, 5-cleft. Stamens 4, di- dynainous. Genus I. M. BU'DDLEi/ L. The Buddlea. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. (dentification. Lin. Gen,, Ko. 140. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 596. Derivation. Named by Dr. Houston in honour of Adam Buddie, a botanical amateur, who is often mentioned in Ray's Synopsis, and wliose dried collection of British plants is preserved in the British Museum. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx 4-cleft, equal. Corolla tubular ; limb 4-cleft, regular. Stamens 4, equal, enclosed. Stigma capitate or clavate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bifid. Placenta central, at length free. Leaves as in the Order.! Flowers terminal ; capitate, spicate, or pani- cled ; orange - coloured. — Shrubs, deciduous or nearly sub-evergreen, rambimg, usually with quadrangular branches, natives of South America. Readily propagated by cuttings or layers, in any light rich soil, in a dry sheltered situation, or, in die North of England, against a wall. Si 1. B. GLOBo\sA L. The Globe- flowered Buddlea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 150.: Don's Mill., 4. p. .597. Synonymes. Biiddlen! s\ob\S.hxA N. Du Ham. 1. p. 85. t. 25. ; B. capitals Jacq. Col. 2. p. 332. ; Icon. Rar. t. 307. ; I'al- qvin Feuillee It., 3. p. 51. t. 38. ; Buddleia glo- bulenx, Fr. ; Kofltr.i- gende Budleje, Ge)\ Engravini[S. Bot. Mag. t. 174. ;"N. Du Ham., 1. p. 85. ; .nndour,%s. 1305. and ISOfi. Spec. Cliarac, Sfc. Branches tetra- gonal, clothed with i.-)05. B. giobosa. hoary tomentuni, isnc. b. Kictos.i J *..■, LIV. SCROPHULARIA^CE^ : PAULo\vN7^. 671 SL5 well as the under sides of the leaves. Leaves lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, petiolate. Heads of flowers globose, pedunculate. A large, spread- ing, deciduous shrub. ChiH. Height 12ft. to loft. Introduced in 1774. Flowers bright yellow, in globe-like heads, fragrant ; May to July. Very ornamental, but, being somewhat tender, it requires, north of London, 4 warm sheltered situation, and a dry soil. Genus II. £ PAULO'WN/J Sieb. Lin. Syst. Didynamia* The Paulownia. Angiosp^rmia. Identification. Sieboldt Fl. Jap., t. 10. Synonymes. Bignbuw Thun. Fl. Jap. p. 252., Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 290., Pers. Syn. Incairvdlea Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2. p. 836. ; Kirri, Japanese, Keempf. Amoen. p. 152. p. 170. ; . . Too, Hak- too, Clihiese. Derivation. Named by Dr. Sieboldt in honour of Her Imperial and Royal Highness, the Hereditary Princess of the Netherlands. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla tubularly campanulate, with a 5-cleft sub-labiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigma trun- cate. Cajisule woody, 2-celled, 2-valved. Valves septicidal. Seeds nu- merous, each surrounded by a wing, attached to a fixed placenta on the back of the dissepunent. Albtaiien ^eshy. (Sieb.) Leaves simple, opposite, exsti|)ulate, deciduous ; petiolate, entire. Flowers purple or lilac, in terminal panicles. — A deciduous tree, with the habit and general appearance of Catalpa syringa'phne L. Calyx 4-parted. Stigma capitate. Fruit pulpy. Di'rca L. Calyx 4-toothed. Stigma pointed. Fruit dry. Genus I. ZJA'PHNE L. The Daphne. Lin. Syst. Octandria Monog^nia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 192. ; Eng. Flora, 2. p. 228. Synonymes. Thymelae'a Tourn. Inst. t. 366., Gcsrtn, t. 39.; Daphne, Fr.\ Seidelbast, Ger.\ Ds.ine, Ital. ' Derivation. Daphne is considered by some botanists to have been the Greek name of the A'uscus racembsus, or Alexandrian laurel, into which it is fabled that Daphne was changed. " Why the name has been applied to the shrubs now called iMphne, it is not easy to say." (Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1177.) It is stated in Rees's Cyelopcedia, under iaiirus, that L. nobilis "is certainly the Daphne oi Dioscorides, and consequently the classical laurel. It is still called by the same name among the modern Greeks;" this is also the popular belief. (See St. Pierre's E'tudes rie la Nature, Lempriere's Class. Diet., &c. &c.) Supposing the Daphne to have been the J.aurus n6bilis, or bay tree, it is easy to account for its being applied to this genus, the D. Mcxircum being formerly called the dwarf bay in England ; and nearly all the species retaining the names or laureole and laureola in France and Italy. Gen. Char. Calyx inferior, somewhat salver-shaped ; in most, of some other colour than that of the leaves, and, from its shape and colour, resembling a corolla; segments of its limb 4, deep, ovate, or oblong, imbricate in a;stjva- tion. Stamens 8, in two rows ; the filaments with but a short part distinct from the tube of the calyx ; the anthers not prominent beyond it, Ovani solitary. Style very short. Stigma capitate. Fruit an ovate carpel, pulp> externally. Seed 1, {Willd.) Leaves simple, in most alternate ; if not alternate, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers terminal or axillary, mostly in groups, highly fragrant. — Undershrubs, evergreen and deciduous ; natives chiefly of Europe, but partly also of the cooler parts of Asia, including Japan and China. The odour of some of the species is very agreeable. They are all beautiful, and rather difficult to propagate, except by seeds, or grafting on D. Laureola They thrive best in licath soil. *•« i LX. THYMELA'CEiE : Da'pHNE. 687 A. Leaves deciduous. ^ 1 D. Meze'REUM L. The Mezereon Daphne, or common Mezereon, Idennnratwn Lin. Sp. PI., p. .'509. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 415. ; Eng. Flora, 2. p. 228. Synonymes. Spurge Olive, Spurge Flax; Flowering Spurge, Parkinson; Dwarf Bay, Gerard \ Lauieole femelle, Bois gentil, Mezereon, Bois joli, Fr. ; gemeiner Seidelbast, or Kellerbalz, ij:r. : Peperachtige Daphne, Dutch ; Laureola femina, Biondella, Caraelia, Ital. ; Laureola hem- Sra, Spa7i. Derivation. Mezereum and Mezereon are said to be derived from madzaryon, the Persian name (or this shrub. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1381. ; CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 2G8. ; and our Jig. 1337. Spec. Char., <$-c. Leaves lanceolate, deciduous. Flowers distributed over the branches in threes mostly, and in pairs and fours, expanded before the leaves are protruded. ( JVi/ld.) A low, fastigiate, deciduous shrub. North of Europe, in woods ; and in the South and West of England, but rare. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers red ; February, March, or April. Berries red ; ripe in August or September. Va}ieties. ji D. M. 2,flore dlbo. — Flowers white, and fruit yellow. j» D. M. 3 autumndle. — Habit spreading ; also with larger leaves than the species, and producing its flowers in autumn. A most desirable shrub, being commonly covered with its gay pinkish blossoms from November to March. The whole shrub is poisonous to human beings, though the berries are favourite food for finches and other birds, more especially the robin. It is of easy culture, and generally propagated by seeds ; which, if suffered to get dry before they are sown, will remain two years in the soil J but which, if sown in autumn immediatel}' after gathering them, generally come up the fol- lowing spring. The best time for transplanting this shrub is in October, as it begins to vegetate very soon after Christmas. It thrives most in a loamy soil, and in an open situation ; and, when it is properly treated, and has room, it will in 8 or 10 years form a bush 5 or 6 feet high, and 7 or 8 feet in diameter. The white variety is commonly selected from seedlings, after they have come into liower ; or the seeds from white-flowered plants are sown, which are generally ibund to come true. ]o57. D. Meth-eum. I j ~ ^2. D. alta'ica Pall. The Altaic Daphne. Identiftcation. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 53. t. 3.5. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 422. Synony7nes. Daphne altaique, Laureole de Tartarie, Fr. ; Sibirischer Seidelbast, Ger. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 35. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1875. ; Bot. Cab., t. 3'J9. ; and ourj^g. 1338. .Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, i glabrous. Flowers sessile, in terminal umbels, about 5 in an umbel. Bark reddish brown I in colour. Leaves oblong, broader towards the upper extremity, and narrowed down- wards, of a somewhat glaucous and yellowish i green, the latter colour prevailing most while i they are young. Lobes of the calyx revolute. ; (Sims.) A low deciduous shrub. Altaic Alps, I in Siberia. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced ) in 1796. Flowers white, scentless ; April and May. Berries red ; ripe in September. 1338. 7>. aJIAicn. 1339- D. ali>lna. 668 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM jt* 3. D. ALPiNA L. The Alpine Daphne. Idsntificaiion, Lin. Sp., 510., Syst., 371 . ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 418. Synoiwmcs. The Alpine Chamelea Marsh. Plant. 'i. p. 112.; Daphne des Alpea, Fr. ; Alpen Scidelbast, Ger. ; Olivella, Hal. Engravinss. Bot. Cab., t. (JG. ; and our Jig. 1339. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves lanceolate, a little obtuse, tomentose beneath, deciduous. Flowers sessile, aggregate. (JVi/ld.) A low, branchy, deciduous shrub. Alps of Switzerland, Geneva, Italy, and Austria. . Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white, very fragrant ; May to July. Berries red •, ripe in September. Quite hardy, and very suitable for rockwork ; as the roots fix themselves deeply into the crevices of the rocks. B. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers lateral. e- 4. D. Laure^ola L, The Laureola Daphne, or Spurge Laurel. Jdentification. Lin. Sp. PL. .510. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 2. p. 418. ; Eng. Flora, 2. p. 229. Synunymcs. Daphnoides verum, vel Laureola, Gesn. fasc. L 7. t. 6. f. 9. ; Laureola Rait Hyn. 465., Ger. Em. 1404. ; Thymela'a Laurgola Scop. Cam. 2. n. 4G3. ; the evergreen Daphne; Laurcolc male, Laureole des Anglais, Fr. ; iramergriiner Seidelbast, Ger. ; Cavolo di Lupo, Hal. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 119. ; Jacq. Austr., t. 183. ; and om Jig. 1340. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen, Leaves obovate-lanceolate, smooth. Flowers in axillary, simple, drooping clusters, that are shorter than the leaves : flowers in each about 5. Calyx obtuse. (Smith.) A low, bushy, evergreen shrub. Britain, and most other parts of Europe, in woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers yellowish green ; January to March. Berries oval, green first, changing to black ; ripe in September. Though not showy in its flowers, it is a valuable plant for a shrubbery, from its being evergreen, and from its thick, glossy, shining leaves. » It thrives best in the shade, and will flourish in situations under the drip of trees, where few other plants would grow. If exposed to the sun, the leaves turn back with a kind of twist; and, instead of their natural pure deep green, they assume a brownish tinge. The berries are a favourite food of singing-birds : though, as DeCandolle observes in the Flore Frangaise, they are poisonous to all other animals. The spurge laurel is propagated by seeds, like the mezereon ; but, as they will remain two years in the ground before they vegetate, they are gene- rally treated like haws, and kept for some time in the rotting-heap. It may also be propagated by cuttings ; but not readily. It is much used in nurseries, as a stock on which to graft the more tender species of the genus; but as, like all the other daphnes, it has few roots, it requires to be transplanted with cai"e. tt 5. D. po'ntica L. Identijication. Lin. Sp. PI., ."ill. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 2 p. 419. Synonymcs. TTiymelie'a pontica, citrei foliis, Tourn. Itin. 3. p. 180. Fr. ; Pontischer Seidelbast, Ger. | Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1282. ; and our^. 1341. . j Sjjec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Flowers bractlcss, \ glabrous, in many-flowered upright clusters, each of the long partial stalks; of which bears two flowers. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate, long. (Spre7ig.)\ A low, spreading, branchy, evergreen shrub. Asia Minor, Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introd. 1759. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Berries V The Pontic Daphne, or twin-Jloivered Spurge Laurel. t. 180. ; Laureole du Levant, I a'< I LX. THYMELA CE^ : DA. PHNE. 689 Varieties. » D. /J. 2 riibra Hort. — Flowers red. Supposed to be a hybrid, and rather more tender than the species. *» D. ^5. 'ifoliis variegcitis Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves variegated. The whole plant, in general appearance, strongly resembles the common spurge laurel : but the leaves are more oval, and shorter ; and the flow- ers, which are disposed in twos instead of fives, are yellower, and of a sweeter scent. The leaves somewhat resemble those of the lemon tree, especially in colour; whence Tournefort's trivial name. When bruised, they smell like those of the elder. It thrives best in soil similar to that usually prepared for American plants, on the shady side of a wall, or in some other shel- tered situation. 1341. fl. puntica. I «- 6. i). T'hymel.e'a Vahl. The Thymelgea, or MiUauort-Ulie, Daphne. I Itlentification. Vahl Symb., 1. p. 28. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 416. Si/itoi'ii/mcs. Tliymelaj'a t'oliis polygalae glabris Bauh. Pin. 403. ; T. alpina gl&bra, flosculis subliitPJs ; ad foliorum ortum sessilibus, Fluk. Aim. 3GG. t. 229. f. 2. ; Sanamiinda viridis vel glabra Bauh. Prod. 160. ; Sananumda glalira Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 562. ; Passerlna ThymelEe^a Dec. ; the Wild Olive ; La Thymelie, Fr. ; astlo.'ser Seidelbast, Ger. Derivation. I'hymelfe'a is probably derived from Ihj/mos, poison, and elaia, or eltFa, the olive tree, in reference to the poisonous qualities of the plant, and its slight resemblance to the olive. Engravings. Ger. Prov., t. 17. f. 2. ; Pluk. Aim., t. 220. f. 2. ; and owr fig. 1342. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Stem much branched. Branches simple, warted. Leaves lanceolate, broader towards the tip, crowded, glaucous. Flowers axillary, sessile. {Vahl.) A low, I much-branched, evergreen shrub. Spain, and in the neighboiu"- hood of Montpelier. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 18J.5; but ! rare in collections. Flowers yellowish green ; February to April. I Berries small, yellowii-h ; ripe in August. The plant requires a situation warm and dry; and to be guivMi in sandy peat, kept in an equable degree of moisture. 7. D. Ta'rton-rai'ra L. The Tarton-raira, or silvery-lcavtd. Daphne. Identification. Lin. Sp., .510. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 2. p. 417. Synonymes. TTiymelffi'a foliis candicant!b...s et scrici instar mol- libus Bauh. Pin.ACi'i.; Tarton-Raire Gallo-prov incise Monspeli- ensium Lob. /c. 371.; Sananiunda argentfita latifcilia Barr. Ic. 221. ; Passerlna Tarton-ralra Schrad. ; the oval-leaved Daphne ; Laureole blanche, Fr. ; Silberbliittriger Seidelbast, Ger. Engravings. FI. Grasca, t. 354. ; and o\xxfig. 1343. Sj)ec. Char., ^c. Leaves persistent, obovate, nerved, silky, hoary. Flowers sessile, lateral, aggregate, imbricated with scales at the base. {Vah/ Symb.) A branching low evergreen shrub. South of France. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers small, yellowish ; May to July. Remarkable for the smallness and silki- ^^^ ness of its leaves, and the white appearance |t^ of the whole plant ; its branches are weak, %f, „ irregular, and scarcely ligneous ; it requires a warm dry situation, exposed to the sun, and is therefore very suitable for rockwork. D. Tdrton-raira. D. (? T.) pube'scens L. pubescent Daphne. The ler'.fication. Lin. Want., 66. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2 p. 417. fnonymrs. TTiymelre^a itfelica, Tarton-raire Gallo-provincia! similis, sed per omnia aajor, Micheii, cited in Tilli Cat. Hort. Pisani j behaarter Seidelbast, Ger. Y Y I 690 ARBOUETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNIC TM. Engravings. Tilli Cat. Hort. Pisani, t. 49. f. 2. ; and ourji^. 1344. Spec. Char., <^c. Stems pubescent, simple. Leaves linear-lanceolt-te, almost mucronate, alternate, nearly deciduous. Flowers axillary ; 5, or lewer, in an axil ; sessile, narrow, shorter than the leaf; the tube thread-shaped dnd downy. It seems different from IJ. Tliymelie'a, and was found in Austria by Jacquin. (WUld.) Introduced in 1810. o- 9. Z). (? 7'.) ToMENTo'sA Lam. The tonientose Daphne. Identiflcalion. Lam. Diet. ; N. Du Ham., 1. p. 2G. Synonymes. Passenna villosa Lin. ; Laureole cotonneuse Lam. Encyc. 10. Engraving. Our Jig. 1345. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S^-c. Flowers sessile, axillary. Leaves oblong- obtuse, covered with tomentum on both sides. {Lam.) A low shrub, very nearly allied to D. Tdrton-raira, but larger in all its parts, and with more obtuse leaves, which are covered with tomentum, instead of a silky down. Asia Minor and the Levant. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. 1800. Flowers white; May. Berries ?. 1315. D. (?r.) tomentosa. C. Erect, Leaves persisteiit. Flowers terminal. 10. D. eOLLi^NA Smith. The YV\\\-inhabiting Daphne, or Neapolitan Mezereon. Daphne des Col- Identificaiion. Smith in Fl. Graeca, t. 3.')9. ; "Willd. Sp. PI.. 2. p. 423. Synonymes. D. collina « Bot. Reg. t. 822., ? D. iuxif61ia Vahl Symb. 1. p. 29. lines, Laureole fi Feuilles de Sante. Fr. ; Sturnpfblattriger Seidelba>t, Ger. Engravings. Fl. Grieca, t. 359. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1348. ; and our ^4'. 1347. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, glabrous and glossy above, and hirsutely villous beneath. Flowers in terminal groups. Calyx externally silkily villous ; its lobes ovate, obtuse. {Wikstrom.) An upright, low, evergreen shrub. On low hills, and on the banks of rivers, in the South of Italy, Height 2 ft. to 3ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers pinkish; January to June. Berries ?. Variety. a. D. c. 2 neapoliinna Lindl. Z). neapolitana Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 710., and our/^. 1346.— Differs from the species chiefly in the want of pubescence on the under surface of the leaves. A very pretty plant originated in a sport from the species, and in cultivation since 1822. Much admired for the fragrance of its |)urple and white flowers durius winter. 1346. D. c. neapolitana. Grafted plants, grown in a border sheltered from the north by a wall, thrive well ; and form thick bushes, with nearly level heads, covered with flowers. 1317. d. coinna. a- 11. i>. (c.) OLEoi^DES Z. The Olive-like Daphne. Identification. Lin. Mant., 66. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 423. Synonymes. Chama>daphn6ldes cretica Alpin. Exot. 44. t. 43. ; Thymel:e*a cretica oleiP folio utriusque glabro Tourn. Cor. 41. ; /Japhneialicifulia Lain. Encycl.Z. p. 423. ; Laureole a Feuilles d'Olivier, Fr. \ OelbaurrtblUttriger Seidelbast, Ger. Engravings. Alpin. Exot., t.43. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1917. ; Bot. Cab., t. 299. ; and onr fig. 1348. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, terminated with a minute mucro, glabrous upon both sides. Flowers terminal, sessile, a few together, and surrounded by leaves that in some measure involucrate them. {Bot. Mag.) LX. THYiMELA CEiE : BA PHNE. 691 1349. D. (c.) serfcea. A low evergreen shrub. Crete. Height 2 ft. Iiitrod. 1818. Flowers white during the greater part of the year. It is less showy in its flowers than D. collina ; but is deserving of cultivation from its nearly glossy and pointed leaves, and neat habit of growth. a. 12. D. (c.) SERi'cEA Va/iL The silky-leaved Daphne. Identification. Vahl Symb., 1. p. 28. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 423. Synoiii/mes. TTijinels'a cretica oleie folio subtus villoso Tourn. Cor. 41. ; i)aphne oleffifblia Lam. Encycl. 3. p. 424. : Seidenartiger Seidelbast, Ger. Engraving. 0\x\fig. 1349. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, bluntish, glabrous above, villous beneath. Flowers terminal, aggregate, villous, sessile. Lobes of the calyx obtuse. It differs from D. (c.) oleoides in its leaves being villous beneath, in the number of its flowers, and in the lobes of the calyx being oblong. (Wi/Id.) A low ever- green shrub. Candia and Naples. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. duced in 1820 ; but we have not seen the plant. a. 13. D. STRIATA Trat. The striated-ca/j/orec? Daphne. Identification. Tratt. , Spreng. Syst. 2. p. 237. Engraving. Onr fig. 1350. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. iS/;ec. Char., i^-c. Leaves subspathulate-linear, sessile, tipped with a small mucro, glabrous. Flowers terminal, aggregate, sessile, glabrous, striated. Lobes of the calyx acute. (^Spreng.') A low evergreen shrub. Switzerland and Hungary. This plant is said to have been introduced in 1819, and to have purplish flowers ; but we have never seen it. D. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers in Racemes. n. 14. D. Gni'dium L. The Gnidiuni, or Flax- leaved, Daphne. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 31 1 . ; Mill. Diet., n. 7. ; Willd. Sp. PI , 2. p. 420. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. Thymela^'a foliis lini Bauh. Pin. 4fi3. ; Spurge Flax, Mountain Widow W'ayle ; Daphne Gnidium, Lau- rcole a Panicule, Fr. ; Rispenblattriger Seidelbast, Ger. ; Camelea, Ital. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1.50. ; and our fig. 1351. Spec. Char., 8fc. Evergreen. Leaves linear- lanceolate, with a cuspidate tip. Flowers in terminal panicled racemes. (IVilld.) A low evergreen shrub. Spain, Italy, and Narbonne. Height 2ft. Introduced in 1797. Flowers fragrant, pink ; June to August. Berries small, globular, red ; ripe in September. issi. d. cnidium. ) oleoides. Intro- 1350. D. striata E. Prostrate. Leaves persistent. Flowers terminal, aggregate. !L. 13. D. Cneo'rum L. The Garland-flower, or trailing. Daphne. Identification. Lin. Sp., 511., Syst., 371. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 422. ; Bot. Mag., t. 313. ; Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Synonymis. Cnebrum Mattk. Hist. 46., Clus. Hist. 89. ; Thymelee des Alpes, Fr. ; wohlriechender Seidelbast, Ger. Engravittgs. Jacq. Aust., 5. t. 426. ; Bot. Mag., t. 313. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1800. ; and our^g. 1352. Spec. Char., i^-c. Evergreen. Stems trailing. Leaves lanceolate, glabrous, mucronate. It flowers twice a year. The flowers are terminal, aggregate, sessile, red upon the upper side, and the groups of them are surrounded by leaves. (^Wilid.) A trailing evercreen shrub. Switzerland, Hungary, the \- Y 2 692 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Pyrenees, Mount Bahlo, Germany, and France. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers bright pink, sweet-scented; April, and again in Sep- tember. Berries white, small, globose, seldom produced in England. Varieties. fu O. C. 2 fdliis variegdtis. — The leaves have a narrow portion of yellow at the edges. •^ D. C. 3 J/ore dlbo. — Flowers white. The prettiest species of the genus, more especially when grafted ! or 1 ^ foot high on D. Laureola. It is also valuable for rockwork, and growing in pots, on account of its dwarf habit, and the beauty and delightful fragrance of its flowers. For ordinary purposes it is propagated by layers, and it thrives best in peat soil kept rather moist. 1352. D. Cneorum Genus II. DI'RCA L. The Dirca, or Leather-wood. Monos:vnia. Li?i. S^st. Octandria Identification. Lin. Amoen. Acad., 3. p. 12. ; N. Du Ham., vol. iii. p. 193. j Bot. Reg., t. 292. Synonyme. ThymrliB^a Gron. f'irg. 155. Derivation. From dirke, a fountain ; the plant growing in watery places. Gen. Char. Ca/i/.v inferior, funnel-shaped, ending in 4 — 5 unequal teeth, pale yellow, resembling a corolla. Slame?is 8. Sti/les thread-shaped. Stigma a simple point. Fruit a. dry earpel. (JVillil.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate,- deciduous; coriaceous. Flotvers terminal, appearing before the leaves, yellowish. — A shrub of a yellow aspect, and with the habit of a miniature tree ; native of Virginia. Peat soil kept moist ; and it is readily propagated by imported seeds, or by layers. JS 1. D. PALU'STRIS L. Fr.; Identification. Lin. Amcen. Acad., 3. p. 12 p. 424. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 268. Synoiiynifs. Moorwood ; Bois de Cuir, Bois de Plomb Sumpf Lederholz, Ger. > Engravi7igs. Lin. Amcen. Acad., 3. t. 1. f. 7.; Bot. Reg., t. 292. ; and our fig. 1353. Spec. Char., S^c, Leaves lanceolate, oblong, alternate, pale green, villous beneath, and deciduous. (JFi/W.) Alow deciduous branchy shrub, with the habit of a miniature tree. Virginia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1750, and common in collections of peat-earth shrubs. Flowers yellow ; INIarch. The whole plant has a yellow aspect, and the flowers are of a brighter yellow than the leaves, without the admixture or contrast of any other colour; thus producing a monotonous ap- pearance rare among plants. The flowers are produced while the plant is leafless, and, in England, they are seldom, if ever, followed by seeds. The bud of the shoot of the same year is enclosed in the bud of the inflorescence. The young plants are very liable to be eaten by snails Propagated by layers, which require two yearn to root properly, or by American seed.n. The JNIarsh Dirca, or Leather-tvood. Willd. Sp. PI. 2. 1353j I>. paJuslris. I LXI SANTALACEJE : NY'sS^. 693 Order LXI. SANTALA'CE^. OliD. CllAIi. Perianth superior, 4 — 5-cleft, coloured inside; seRtivation valvate. Stamens 4 — 5, opposite the segments of the perianth, and inserted in their bases. Ovarium inferior, 1-celled, 2 — 4-Heeded. Style ]. Stigma general!}' iobed. Fruit 1-sceded, nucumentaceous or drupaceous. Albumen fleshy. jP/ower« polygamous. (G.Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exsti|julate, deciduous; entire. Floivers in co- rymbs, pedunculate. — Trees or shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America and the South of Europe ; propagated by seeds. The hardy species are two, which are thus contradistinguished : — Nv'ss^i L. Flowers polygamous. Stamens 5. OsYRis L. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 3. Genus I. NY'SS^ L. The Nyssa, or Tupelo Tree. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Dioe'cia; or, according to Smith in Rees's Cyclopaedia, Decandria Monogynia. Jdentificalion. Lin. Gen., .5.51. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1112. Derivation. From Xi/ssa, a water nj-mph so called ; a name given to this plant by Linnaeus, because " it grows in the waters." {Hart, Cliff.) Tupelo appears to be an aboriginal name. Gen. Char. Flowers oisexual and male, upon distinct plants, and apetalous. — 5is- rum Alp. Exot.il.; t'asia Monspelii dicta Gesn. Epit. 50.; weisse Osyris, Ger. Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 802. ; and our fig. 136!. Spec, Char., Sfc. Stem roundish, striated. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long, entire, glabrous. Flowers upon ' the branchlets, peduncled. {Willd.) A low, spreading, deci- 1 duous or sub-evergreen shrub. Italy, Spain, Montpelier, and j Carniola. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1793. Flowers .^^ S \ white; July and August. Drupe red, about the size of a pea. i^/ x j The long supple branches of this shrub were formerly used / "\ ■or brushes, and they are still used in making crates, or ( -"^-^ j packing-cases, in the South of Europe. Propagated by seeds, s^^^^^ jind grown in dry soil, but somewhat difficult to preserve. j^gj „ ^,^^ Order LXII. ELJEAGlSiA'CEM. '^^RD. Char. Perianth tubular, entire, 2 — 4-lobed, persistent. Stamens 3 — 4 j to 8, alternating with the segments. Anthers nearly sessile, introrse. Ovarium I free, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Style short. Stigma simple, subulate, glandular, j or tongue-shaped. Fruit enclosed in the pulpy, persistent, enlarged tube I of the perianth. Albumen thin or fleshy. (G. Don.) ', Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; oblong or ■ lanceolate, entire. Floivers axillary. — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous ; Y Y 4 i 696 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUiM BRITANNICUM. natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; propagated by seeds, or cut- tings of the roots, in dry soil. The genera are three, which are thus contradistinguished : — El/ea'gsvs Tourn. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed. Stamens 4. //ippo'pHAE L. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 2 petals. Stamens 4. Shephe'kd/.i; Nutt. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens 8. Genus I. # i'L^A'GNUS Tourn. The Eljja'gnus, Oleaster, or Wild Olive Tree. Lin. Si/st. Tetrandria Monogjnia. Identification. Tourn. Cor., 51. ; X. Dii Ham., 2. p. 87. Synony)nes. Chalef, Fr. ; Wilde Oelbaum, Ger. ; Eleagno, Itnl. ■ Verivcdion. " The elaiagnos of Theophrastus was a plant with hoary leaves, growing in marshy places in Arcadia, and was probably a species of Silix, although certainly not S. b.abyl6nica, as Sprengel has stated it to be. It was named from its resemblance to the elciia, or olive, from which it differed in not bearing fruit. Dioscorides writes '0«, which means the wild olive; and some botanists have adopted tliis reading, which is most likely the true one. The plants to which the name Slteagnus is now applied are also something like the olive. The French call the £l8eag- nus, chaief ; a slight alteration according to Golius, of khalef, the Arabic name of the willow ; but more probably of kulaf, tlie Persian name of the £l8eagnus itself." {Lindley in Bot. Reg., t. ll-'je.) Oleaster is a Latin word, which is interpreted a wild olive tree; and perhaps it is derived from olea, an olive tree, and instar, likeness. Gen. Char., ^c. Flowers some bisexual, some male only ; both kinds on one plant. — Bisexual Jiower. C«/j/.i' resembling, internally, a corolla, tu- bular below, bell-shaped above, with a slightly spreading lobed deciduous limb. Lobes mostly 4 ; the tubular part includes the ovary and part of the style, and bears at its mouth a conical crown, throuoh which the stvle passes. Style long. Stigma clavate, or coiled. Stamens arising from the bottom of the bell-shaped part, shorter than it, alternate with its lobes ; the filaments adnate to it, except at their tip. Ovary oblong. Friiit an achenium — Male Jloiuer. Calyx resembling, internally, a corolla, bell- shaped, with a limb of 4 — 6 — 8 lobes. Stamens of the number of the lobes, otherwise as in the bisexual flower. {G, Dun.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; bearing, as does the bark of growing shoots, scales or stars of hairs, i^/oiw/-* axillary, pediceled. FruU, in some, edible. — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America; which grow freely' in any soil tolerably dry, and are readily propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. !if I.E. horte'nsis Bieb. The Garden Elaeagnus, Oleaster, or Wild Olive Tree. Identification. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc, p. 113. Synonymes. E. angustif61ia /,., IVilld. Up. PI. 1. p. 688. ; E. songarica Fisch. ; £.inermis "Mill. Did 'No. 2.; E. argenteus Ma'nrh Met/i. p.6.38. ; E. orieutalis Dflisle ; ? E. argentea Ji'ats. Dend. Brit. t. l(;i. : Jerusalem Willow ; Olivier de Boheme, Chalef k Feuilles etroites, Fr.; schmal- blattriger Oleaster, Gf)-. ; Albero di Paradiso, //a/. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 89. ; Bot. Keg., 1. 1156. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^^'S. 1362. and 13G3. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves lanceolate, hoary all over, as are the shoots of the current year, with stars of hairs of a hoary colour. Branches brown and smooth, moreor less spiny. Leaves 2 in. to 3 in. long ; upon the upper surface whitish green, and upon the under one very hoary. Flowers 2 or 3 together, axillary, upon short peduncles, fragrant : bisexual flowers 4-cleft, interior of j a pale yellow ; male ones o- or more cleft, interior of a golden yellow. Both are furnished on the exterior with stars of hairs, like the under surface of the kaves. A large deciduous shrub or low tree. South of Europe, in Bohemia, France, Spain, the Levant, Tartary, and various parts of Asiatic Russia, Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Litroduced in 1633. Flowers pale yellow, fragrant ; May. Fruit red brown colour, something like a date ; ripe in October. i ^tt_ LXII. JELiKAGNA^CEjE : i:LiEA'GNUS. 697 1362. E. h. angustif61ia. E. h. angustifolia. 1'63. E. h.orien- taiis. Varieties. i E. A. 1 angustifolia Bieb. E. angustifolia L {fg- 1362.) — Leaves lanceolate, shining. Fruit insipid. This is the most common sort in British gardens. f "Ea. h. 2 dactt/Ufonms. — Leaves lan- ceolate, shining. Fruit date- shaped, eatable. 5" E. h. 3 orienfalis. E orientalis L. (Pall. F!. Ross., i. t. 5. ; and our Jig. 1363.) — Branches not spiny. Fruit date-shaped, eatable ; almost as large as that of a jujube, and used in the dessert in Persia, where it is called zinzeyd. The flowers are more fragrant than those of Horticultural b'ociety's Garden. 1' E. h. 4 spinosa. E. spinosa L. — Branches spiny. Leaves lanceolate. Fruit insipid. Nepal. Horticultural Society's Garden. The silvery whiteness of the foliage of this tree renders it a most con- spicuous object in plantations ; and hence, in any landscape where it is wished to attract the eye to a particular point, it may be usefully employed. s 2. E. arge'ntea Ph, The silveTy-leaved Elasagnus, or Wild Olive Tree. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 114. ; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 97.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1S36. Synonyme. ^Missouri Silver Tree, V. S. ofX. Amer. Engraving. Our fig. 1364. from a dried specimen, which Mr. Shepherd of the Liverpool Botanic Garden received from Mr. Nuttall. Sj)ec. Char., 8fc. Not spiny. Leaves waved, oval-oblong, rather acute, glabrous on both surfaces, and covered with silvery scales. Flowers aggregate, nodding. Sexes apparently dioe- cious. Fruit roundish-ovate, about the size of a small cherry, cartilaginous, covered with silvery scales, having 8 grooves ; the flesh dry, farinaceous, eatable ; the nucule subcylindric, its exterior part consisting of a tenacious woolly integument. A bushy deciduous shrub or low tree. Hudson's Bay ; and found on the argillaceous broken banks of the Missouri, near Fort Mandan. Height 8 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced in 1813. Flowers yellow ; July and August. 1364. £.argintea. Accordiug to Pursh, Shcpherd/a argentea Nutt. resembles the j^laeagnus argentea Pursh so jnuch, without the fruit, that, in this state, one might easily be mistaken for the other. ', Sfe E. salicifulia species apparently 1365. E. conKrta D. Don (/g. 1366.) is a very distinct, and tolerably hardy, of which we have only seen one plant about 3 ft. high, in the arboretum at Kew. It promises to be a most valuable ad- dition to our nearly hardy shrubs. afc ^Icedgnus conferta Hort., and our^g.1365. from a living plant in the Horticultural So- 1366 E. 9alicif6Ua. ■ 698 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. cietj's Garden, promises to be hardy ; but the only plants which we have seen are too young to enable us to decide with certainty. Genus II. 'tb' i/IPPO'PHAE L. TiiK HippopHAE, Sea Buckthorn, or Sallowthorjj. Lin. Syst. Dioe^cia Tetrandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 517., in part. Synohyincs. Ehamnoides Tourn. Cor. 53. ; Argoussier, Fr. , Haffdorn, or Sanddorn, Gfr. ; Ip- pofae, Ital. ; Espino amarillo. Span. Derivation. Hippop/iaes, or Hippophues, was the name of a shrub mentioned by Theophrastus and Dioscorides ; and which is supposed to be the same as the hippophyes of Pliny. The deriTation is supposed to be from hippos, a horse, and phao, to brighten ; and, as according to the Nouveau Su Haniel the plant was employed by the Greeks as a medicine for horses, it may have been given to them to make their coats sleek and shining, and have thus procured its name. Ge7i. Char., SfC. Floiucrs unisexual, dioecious. — ]\lole jioiver. Calyx arched, seeming as if constituted of two leaves connate at the tip. Stamens 4, not extended out of the calyx. — Female Jioiver. Calyx tubular, cloven at the top, including the ovary, and becoming at length succulent. Style short. Stigma long. Fniit a polished achenium, furrowed at one side, with an acid juice. (G. Do7i.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; narrow, entire, scaly, and silvery, especiall} beneath. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, small. Frtdt \ succulent, eatable. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe and Asia. Ornamental in British gardens, on account of their grey silky foliage, and of their berries. Propagated by seeds, layers, or suckers, in common soil ; and valuable in scenery as attracting attention by their white aspect, and ' standing the sea breeze. *( ^ I. H. RHAMNoroKs L. The Buckthorn-like Hippophae, Sea BucMkom, I or Sallowthorn. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1452. ; Smith Eng. Flora, 4. p. 238. ; Ene. Bot., t. 425. I Synonywes. Rhamnoldes florifera salicis fdlio Tourn. Co?-. 53. ; Rhamnoidef fructifera 7?aiV5j(n. I 445.; Argoussier faux Nerprun, Fr.; Weidenbliittriger Sanddorn, Ger.; in the Alps of Swit- zerland it is called Arve, or Saule ^pineux. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 425. ; Fl. Dan., t. 2G5. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 80. ; and our^^. 13fi7. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches each ending in a spine. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly t)lunt- ish, dark green, and minutely dotted, not scaly on the upper side ; silvery as well as scaly on the under one. (Smith.) A low deciduous tree or large shrub. Europe, on sandy sea coasts ; in England, in various places on the east and south-east coast ; but not in Scotland. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Berries bright orange-co- loured, and produced in great abundance ; ripe in September, and remaining on the tree as long as the leaves, and frequently till the following spring. Varieties. i Sk H. R. 2 angtistifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^^^. 1368., of the female sex.) — The leaves are obvi- ously more narrow than those of the species ; the young branchf are pendulous ; and the tree is highly ornamental, more especiali when in fruit. ; 13G7. H. Rliamnoldes. LXIT. CL^AGNA CEiE : ZnPPO'PHAE. 699 -Appears to differ 136S. H. R angiistifblia. I' Sfe H. 72. 3 sibirica. H. sibirica Load. Cat. ed, 1836. very little, if at all, from the species. n British nurseries, plants are commonly increased by suckers, which are Ipduced in abundance ; and a deep sandy soil is suitable for growing the I nt to a large size. It may be planted in elevated and exposed situations, 1 on the sea coast, where few other trees will grow. 3^ 2. H. SALiciFO"LiA Jy. Don. The Willow-leaved Hippophae, Sea Buck- thorn, or Salloiutliorn. Miification. Don Prod. Fl. Nep , p. 68. onyme H. conferta Wall, in MSS. of the Ca/alogue of the Linntean Society's Indian Herbarium, 'oylc's Illnst. p. 323. i^rming. Our Jig. 1369. from a living specimen. |?c. Char., Sfc. Without thorns, up- ight, branched. Leaves lanceolate, )btuse, whitely tomentose, as are the branchlets. A large deciduous shrub M-lovvtree. Sirinagur, in Nepal. Height 15 tt. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1822, Flowers and fruit as in H. Rham- 'idides. jV much more robust species than A Rhamndides, though probably more 1 1'le to be injured by frost. The shoots Fjcliiced in one season, from a plant ci down, are 5 or 6 feet in length, and t| leaves about twice the length of tjse of the common species, much less SjCry, and closely resembling those of 5ix viminalis. The aspect of this species i*'ss white than that of //.Rhamnoides. isos. «. .aiicfoua. '^OO ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus III. m SHEPHE'RD/J Niitt. The Shepherdia. Octandria. Lin. St/st. Dioe'cia Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 240. Synonyme. /-fippophae L., as to the species S. canadensis Nnit. Derivation. Named by Nuttall, in honour of the late Mr. John Shepherd, curator of the Botanic! Garden of Liverjiool, a horticulturist to whose exertions, and the patronage of the celebrated Roscoe, that institution owes its present eminence. Gen. Char,, Sfc. Floivers unisexual, dioecious. Male floxver. Calyx 4-cleftl Stamens S, included within the calyx, alternate with 8 glands, — Femad flower. Cah/x bell-shaped; its limb 4-parted, flat, the portions equal j it| tube adnate to the ovary. Style \. 5/7gM« oblique. {G.Don.) \ Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire, with silvery scalesi' Floiuers axillary, aggregate; the female ones smaller than the males, anij sometimes racemose at the ends of the branches. Berries diaphanoib; scarlet, acid, eatable. — Shrubs or low spinescent trees, deciduous, wit| the aspect of ii'lffiagnus ; native of North America. Culture, in Britis gardens, as in //ippophae. a^ Y I. S. akge'ntea Nutt. The silver-/e'fif2;e'c? Shepherdia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer, 2. p. 240. Synonyynes. Hippophae argeutea Pursh Sept. 1. p. ll."!. ; Missouri Silver Leaf, and Buffalo Ben Tree, J7)ier. ; Rabbit Berry, and Beef Suet Tree, Amer. Indians ; Graise de Buttle, or Buffii; Fat, French Traders. ', Engravings. Our Jig. 1.370. ; and Jig. 1371. from the original specimen sent by Nuttall to Mr. Shepherd of Liverpool. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-ovate, ob- tuse ; on both surfaces glabrous, and covered with silvery peltate scales. (P/trsh.) A small tree. North America, on the banks of the Missouri, and its tributary streams. Height 12 ft. to 18 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow; April and May. Berries scarlet, diapha- nous, acid ; ripe in September. Its fruit, which is much relished in America, is about the size of the red currant, much richer to the taste, and forms one ccf tinned cluster on every branch and twig. 1371. S. argente 1370 •Sb 2. S. arg^ntea. S. canade'nsis I^^utt. The Canadian Shepherdia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 241. Synoni/me. /TippAphae canadensis Lin. Sp. PI. H^3., Wiltd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 744., Pursh Sept. l.p. 119. Engraving. Om Jig. 1372. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., 4'^. Leaves ovate, or cordate-ovate, opposite ; green, and nearly glabrous upon the upper surface ; upon the under one stellately pilose, silvery, and scaly ; the scales rusty, deciduous. Branches opposite. Flowers disposed in uprii^ht racemes between the first leaves, and of half the length of these. (Nutt.) A deciduous shrub. North America, on the borders of lakes, in the western parts of the state of New York, in Canada, and along the St. Lawrence to its source. Height G ft. to 8 ft. Intro- duced in 17.59, i)ut not frequent in collections. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Berries yellow, sweetish, but scarcely eatable ; ripe in August. LXIII. ^RISTOLOCHIaYE/E : ^RISTOLO^HIA. 701 Order LXIII. ^RISTOLOCHIA^CE^. Ord. Char. Perianth superior, 3-cleft, equal or unequal. Stamens definite. ! Ovarium inferior, many-ceiled. Sti/le short. Stigma divided. Fruit cap- I sular or baccate. Albumen fleshy. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; cordate, entire. Floivers ! axillary. — Twining deciduous shrubs ; natives of North America. Genus I. i l_£ ^RISTOLO CHIA L. The Birthwort. Hexandria. Lin. Si/st. Gynandria Identification. Schreb. Lin. Gen., No. 1383. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 151. Synoni/mcs. Aristoloche, Fr. ; Osterluzey, Ger. i Dfrivatiun. Aristolochia was the name of a plant mentioned by Dioscorides, and considered as of ' sovereign use in the disorders incident to childbirth : it is derived from ariston, best, and lochia, I parturition. j Gen. Char., (^c, Calijx of some other colour than green, and in colour and \ texture resembling a corolla; in its lowest part connate with the ovary ; I inflated above this part, then tubular, and endin^ij in an expanded border, I which has 3 segments, and these are valvate in aestivation. Stamens 6, ad- I hering to the style and stigtnas. Style 1. Stigmas 6, radiating. Capsule I with 6 cells and numerous seeds. I Leaves as in the Order, exstipulate, deciduous. Flowers yellow, brown, i dark brown, and, in some, spotted on a yellow ground. — Shrubs, twining ; . natives of North America; of easy culture in any common soil that I is dry. 1 ^ A 1. A. si^PHO Utierit. The Siphon-/iA-e, or Tubc-Jlowered, Birthwort. Identification. L'Herit. Stirp. Nov., 13. t. 7. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1.5."i. Synomjmes. A. niacropiiylla Xrtwi. Enci/cl. 1. p. 2.52. ; Aristoloche .Sy|)hon, Fr.; grossblattrige Os- ; terluzey, Ger. ; Pipe Vine, or Birthwort, Amer. ; Sifo and Pipa. Ital. ' Engravinss. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 10. ; Bot. Mag., t. 534. ; and onr Jig. 1373. I Spec. Char,, Sfc. Stem twining. Leaves i cordate, acute. Bractea of the pe- duncle ovate. Corolla ascending ; its limb in 3 equal portions, not ex- panding flat, brown. (Willd.) A deciduous twining shrub. Alleghany Mountains, from Pennsylvania to 1 Carolina. Stem 15 ft. to 30 ft. In- I troducedin 1763. Flowers yellowish brown ; May and June. t j Striking from the magnificent ap- Jpearance of the leaves, and remark- ;able for the form of its flower, which |is bent like a siphon ; for the trifid border of its corolla, and for the very large bractea placed on the middle of idle peduncle. The roots are woody, and have the smell of camphor. The stems, branches, and twigs are also strongly scented, as are the flowers. hi British gardens, this species, to grow freely, requires a deep free soil, 1373. a. sipho. 702 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. dry rather than moist, and a warm situation. It is propagated by division of the root, by sucl^ers, or by seeds, which are sometimes received from North America. -2 2. A. (s.) TOMENTo'sA Siiiis. The tomentose Birthwort. Identification. Sims in Bot. Mag., t. 1369. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1369. ; Bot. Cab., t. 641. ; and our^. 1374. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem twining. Leaves cordate, downy beneath. Peduncle solitary, without a bractea. Co- rolla with its tube twisted back, and much more deeply divided than in A. sipho, expanding flat, and yellow, with the mouth of the tube of a deep pur[)le. A 10 ft, ng deciduous shrub. to 20 ft. Introd. 1799. North America. Flowers as in A. Height sipho. Order LXIV. £UPHORB/J^C^^. Ord. Char. Flowers unisexual. Perianth lobed or wanting, furnished inside with hypogynous glandular or scale-formed appendages. Stamens definite or indefinite, free or monadelphous. Ovarium superior, 2 — 3-celled. Styles equal in number to the cells. Stigmas many, distinct or combined. Capsule of 2 — 3, or more, 2-valved cells or cocci. Seeds solitary or in pairs, arillate, suspended. Albumen fleshy. {G. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; quite entire. Flowers solitary, aggregate, terminal, lateral, or axillary. — Shrubs or small trees, natives of Europe and North Ame- rica, which are tlms contradistinguished : — Stilli'ng/j Garden. Flowers moncEcious, in spikes. Style 1. Stigmas 3. jSu'xus Tourn. Flowers monoecious, in heaps. Styles 3. Stigmas 3. Genus I. STILLFNG/J Garden. The Stillin'Gia. Lin. Syst. Monce'cia Monadelphia. Identification. " Stillingia was sent under that name to Linnjeus, by the celebrated Dr. Alexander Garden." (Smilii in liees's Cyclop.) Lin. Mant., 19. ; Schreb. Lin. Gen., 6.58. .Derivation. Named by Dr. Alexander Garden in honcur of Mr. Benjamin Stillinii/ieel, author of a work entitled MisccUaiieuus Tracts relating to Natural History, &c., partly translated from the writings of Linna?us. Gen. Char. Floiucrs unisexual ; males in a spike, females at the base of the same spike ; ? dioecious. — iliafc. Floiuers seven together. Caly.v like a corolla, of one piece, funnel-shaj)ed, its margin jagged. Stamens 2 — 3, pro- minent; the filaments sliglitly connected at the base. — Female, Involucre 1-flowered. Calt/x superior, shaped as in the male. Style thread-shaped. Stigmas 3. Fruit a regma, surrounded at the base by the involucre a little enlarged, somewhat turbinate, 3-lobed. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flo'rcrs in spikes, terminal or lateral. — Shrubs, deciduous, milky; natives of North America. J* 1. S. LiGv'sTRijiA Willd. The Privet-/ea«erf Stillingia. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 588. ; Pursh Fl. Araer. Sept., 2. p. 60S. Engraving. Our fig. 1375. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., l^c. Shrubby. Leaf consisting of a petiole, and a disk that is LXTV. evphoubij^cEjE : i?u'xus. 708 oval-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, and entire. Male flowers upon verj short pedicels. Female flowers ?. Male flowers disposed in spikes, part lateral, part terminal, and having a 3-cleft, rather flat, calyx, and 3 stamens that have kidney-shajjed anthers ; bracteas 1 — 2-glanded and 1-flowered. (^JVutf.) A deciduous shrub. Carolina and Georgia, in shady woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellowish ; June and July. We are not aware that this species is now in jxistence, in a living state, in England. Genus II. 1575. S. Hglistrina. ^U'XUS Tourn. The Box Tree. Lin. Si/s(. Monce'cia Tetrandria. dentificaiwn. Tourn. Inst., t. 345. ; Eng. Flora, 4. p. 132. mnonyjnes. Buis, F?: ; Buxbaum, Buchsbaum, Ger. ; Bossolo, Ital. Oerivation. From puk7u>s, dense ; in reference to the hardness and closeness of the wood ; or, I perhaps, to the denseness of the foliage. The Greeks called the boxes made of this wood, which 'were highly esteemed for their durability, pyxides; and hence, probably, arose the vord. pyx, \ which is used for the chest containing the Host in the Roman Catholic church. 'ien. Char. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. — Male. Calyx of 4 minute leaves. Stamens 'i, inserted under the rudiment of a pistil. — Female. Flowers singly, at the tip of groups of male ones. Calyx as in the male. Styles 3. Stigmas 3. Fruit a regnia, leathery, beaked with the styles. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire, smooth, stalked. Flowers axillary, aggregate, whitish. Fruit green. — t^hrubs or small trees, evergreen, with rigid leaves and whitish buds ; natives of Europe and Asia ; of easy culture in any soil that is tolerably dry ; and propagated freely by division of the plant, by cuttings, or by seeds. i ? * 1. i?. sempervi'rens L. The evergreen, or common. Box Tree. entification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1394. ; Smith Eng. Flora, 4. p. !33. ; Baxt. Brit. Flow. PI., 2. t. 142. 'nonymes. .Buxus Rtiii Syn. 445. ; Buis commun, Bois beni, Fr. ; Buchsbaum, Ger. ; Busso, Bossolo, Ital. ngravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1341. ; and our Jig. 1377. vec. Char., Si-c. Disk of leaf ovate, convex ; footstalk slightly downy at the ledges. Anthers ovate-arrow-shaped. (Smith.) A low evergreen tree. Eu- [Tope; in England, on Boxhill in Surrey, Chequers in Buckinghamshire, land other places, apparently wild. Height 15 ft. to 30ft. Flowers whitish ; ! April and May. Fruit greenish; ripe in August. irieties and Subvarieties. \ 2 B. 5. 1 arboresccns Mill. Diet. No. 1. Buis arborescent, Fr, ; hoch- ; stiimmige Buchsbaum, Ger. — Arborescent. Leaves ovate. This is i the most common form of the species. I i B. s. a. argentea Hort. — Arborescent. Leaves ovate, varie- gated with a silvery colour. i B. s. a. aiirea Hort. — Arborescent. Leaves ovate, variegated with a golden colour. 1 B. s. a. margindta Hort. — Arborescent. Leaf ovate, with a margin of a golden colour. t B. s. 2 angustifdtia Mill. Diet. No. 2. — Ai-borescent. Leaves lan- ceolate. 1 B. s. a. variegata Hort. — Arborescent. Leaves lanceolate, variegated. ?04 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. a. B. 5. 3 sufndicosa Mill. Diet. No. 3. B. humilis Dod. Penipt. 782. ; B. s. nana JV. Du Ham. i. p. 83.; and our fig. 1376. ; Buis nain, Buis a Bordures, Buis d'Artois, Buis de Hollande, petit Buis, Fr. ; zwerch Buchsbaum, Ger. — Dwarf. Leaves small, obovate. This is the kind usually cultivated for edgings in Eu- ropean gardens. ?* B. s. 4 mijrtifoha Lam. Encyc. — Dwarf. Leaves small, oblong, narrowish. A pretty little plant ; generally quite low, but, under favourable cir- cumstances, growing to a considerable size. suffruticosa. In a wild state, the box seldom exceeds the height of 12 or 15 feet in Bri- tain ; but in Turkey and Asia Minor trees of it have been found as high as 25 ft. The thickness of the trunk is very considerable in proportion to its height, and, in full-grown trees, varies from 6 in. to 8 in. in diameter. The tree will bear the knife patiently, and is therefore, and from the closeness of its habit of growth, well adapted for clippetl hedges, and all kinds of verdant ar- chitecture and statuary. It grows slowly, rarely making shoots of more than 6 or 8 inches annually. But the tree is of great longevity ; and so hardy, that it is almost the only evergreen, exclusive of the Conifera;, that will stand in the open air, without protection, in the gardens of Paris, Berlin, and Vi- enna. The wood of the box is remarkably heavy ; weighing, when newly cut, 80 lb. 7 oz. per cubic foot, and, when perfectly dry, 681b. 12 oz. and 7 gr. It is the only European wood that will sink in water : it is yellow, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish. The wood was formerly much used in Eng-' land in cabinet-making and inlaying, as it still is in France ; and, also, in both countries, for musical and mathematical instruments, combs, and various arti- cles of turnery. The principal use of the boxwood, however, at present, is for wood-engraving ; and for this purpose it is an important article of commerce. The different kinds of box tree are propagated by seeds, cuttings, and layers. When the seeds are to be sown, they should be gathered the moment the cap- sules appear ready to open, and sown immediately in light rich earth, well drained. Cuttings of from 4 in. to 6 in. in length should be put in, in autumn, in a sandy soil, and a shaded situation, and in a year they will be fit to trans- plant into nursery lines. Layers may be made either in the spring or autumn, and either of the young or old wood. Jhe dwarf box used for edgings is propagated by being taken up, divided, and replanted. Box edgings are best planted early in spring, because the frost in winter is apt to destroy those leaves which have been cut in trinnning the plants. Box edgings and hedges may be clipped at al- most any season, except midwinter. Some gardeners prefer trimming box edgings in June, just when the plants have nearly completed their year's shoots ; because they will afterwards make shoots of ^ in. or 1 in. in length, or, at all events, protrude a few leaves, and thus, in a week or two, conceal all appearance of the use of the shears. When this practice is followed, it is necessary to go over the edgings or hedges in July, in order to cut neatly otF with the knife any shoots that may have been protruded too far ; taking care not to cut the leaves. i. 2. B. balea'rica Willd. The Balearic Box. IiJcntification. Willd. Arb., .W., Sp. PI., 4, p. 337. ; ? Lam. Encyc, 1. p. Sn.'i. Synoitynics. B. s. van. gigantt-a N. D?c Ilctm. 1. p. 82. ; Minorca Box ; Buis de Minorqiie, Buis''- Mahoii, Fr. ; Balearischer Buchsbaum, dr. ; Bossolo gentile, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., pi. 23. f. 1. ; and onrfigs. 1378. and 1379. 1377. B. sempervirens. 1- i Lxv. artoca'rpe^ : mo^rus. 705 Spec. Char., S^c. Disk of leaf oblong ; footstalk glabrous. Anthers arrow- shaped, linear. (IVilld.) An evergreen tree; in England a large shrub. Minorca, Sardinia, Corsica, and Turkey, on rocky surfaces. Height 80 ft. in England 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers yellowish green ; July. Fruit greenish ; ripe in October. A very handsome species, with leaves three times as large as those of B. sempervirens, and a straight smooth trunk. The leaves, when the plant is fully exposed to the air, are of a much paler green than those of the common box ; but, when they are in the shade, they are of an intensely deep green. The wood is of a brighter yellow than that of the common box, and, being of a coarser grain, it is inferior to it for engraving on. It is im- ported from Constantino- ple in large quantities. The plant is propagated by cuttings, which, if placed in sandy soil under glass, or in heat, generally strike oot in about two months after being taken off". treated like those of the common box. 1378. B. baledrica. 1579. B. bale^ca. Cuttings will also succeed, Order LXV. ARTOCA'RPE^. Ord. Char. Flowers unisexual, disposed in heads or catkins; perianth usually divided, but sometimes tubular and entire. Stamens solitary or several. Ovarium free, 1 — 2-celled. Ovidum orthotropous. Style 1. Stigma bifid. Fr^iit a sorosis. Seeds solitary. Albumen thin. Radicle superior. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous ; lobed, ser- rated or entire. Flowers axillary, obscure. — Trees, deciduous, chiefly of the middle size; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genera in British gardens are thus contradistinguished : — ^'l/o^Rus Toiirn. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 4-sepaled. Stamens 4. Fruit a sorosis. BroussoneV/vI L'Herit. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 4. , Stigmas tapering. Fruit a sorosis. Maclu^r.4 Nutt. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 4. Fruit a sorosis. A'cus Tourn. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens .3. Stigmas 2. Fruit a sycon. Bo^RV,^ Willd. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens 2 — 3. Stigmas ' capitate. Fruit pulpy. I Genus I. iri'rf f MTRUS Tourn. The Mulberry Tree. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Tetrandria. 'I'ientijication. Tourn. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 368. ■y/uo7it/„ics. Murier, Fr. ; Maulbeere, Ger. : Moro, ItcU. Uertvalton. Several derivations have been given for the word 3/brus ; some suppose it to be taken from the Greek word morca, or moron., signifying a mulberry or blackberry ; others derive it fro.1i z z 706 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. mauros, dark ; and Sir J. E. Smith suggests that it may have been taken by antiphrasis from moros, foolish, the mulberry tree, from its slowness in jmtting out its leaves, being anciently con- sidered the emblem of wisdom. The Morea. in the Levant, is said to be so called from the resemblance of the shape of thai peninsula to the leaf of a mulberry Gen. Char., Sfc. Floivers unisexual, mostly monoecious, in some dioecious or polygamous. — Male flowers in axillary spikes. Calyx of 4 equal sepals, imbricate in aestivation, expanded in flowering. Stamens 4. Female flowers. Calyx of 4 leaves, in opposite pairs, the outer pair the larger, all upright and persistent, becoming pulpy and juicy. Stamens 2, long. (G. 1)0)1.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; large, mostly lobed and rough. Floivers greenish white. Fruit the aggregate of the ovary and the calyxes, constituting what is termed a mulberry. — Trees, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Propagated by cuttings or layers, or by large truncheons, in good soil. The leaves of all the species will serve to nourish the silkworm ; but M. alba, and its varieties, are considered much the best for this purpose. i 1. i^f. N I 'gr A Poir. The hXack-fruited, or common. Mulberry. Identification. Poir. Ency. Meth., 4. p. 377. ; Lin. Sp. PI., 1398 ; Wilkl. Sp. PI., 4. p. 369. Synonymes. iV/6rus Dod. Pempt. 810. ; M. fructu nlgro Bauh. Pin. 459. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 159. ; N. Du Ham., 4. t. 22. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol.vii.; and our Jig. 138'J. Spec. Char., Sfc. Sexes monoecious, sometimes dioecious. Leaves heart- shaped, bluntish, or slightly lobed with about 5 lobes ; toothed with unequal teeth,. rough. (Wi/hi.) A deciduous tree. Persia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1548. Flowers greenish white ; June. Fruit oblong, red or black ; ripe in August. Variety. * M. n. 2 laciniata Mill. Diet. No. 2. has the leaves jagged rather than cut. In Britain, the common mulberry always assumes something of a dwarf or stunted character, spreading into very thick arms, or branches, near the 15Sn. iVorus niKra. ground, and forming an extremely large head. It is a tree of very grea^ durability ; the trees at Syon being satd to be 300 years old, and some aj LXV. artoca'rpe^ : ilfO rus. 707 I Oxford and otlier places being supposed to be of nearly equal antiquity. It is also wonderfully tenacious of life ; the roots of a black mulberry, which had lain dormant in the ground for twenty-four years, being said, after the ex- piration of that time, to have sent up shoots. The wood is considered of but i little value in France, except for firewood : it is less' compact than even that of the white mulberry ; and weighs only 401b. 7oz. the cubic foot. Cattle eat the leaves, and all kinds of poultry are very fond of the fruit. Silkworms feed on the leaves in Persia, but in cold climates they are considered unsuit- able for them. In England, the fruit is generally eaten at the dessert; and it is considered of a cooling aperient nature when ripe. The tree will grow in almost any soil or situation that is tolerably dry, and in any climate not much colder than that of London. North of York, it generally requires a wall. It is very easily propagated by truncheons or pieces of branches, 8 or 9 feet in length, and of any thickness, being planted half their depth in tolerably good soil; when they will bear fruit the following year. Every part of the root, trunk, boughs, and branches may be turned into plants by separation : the small shoots, or spray, and the small roots, being made into cuttings ; the large Ishoots into stakes ; the arms into truncheons ; and tiie trunk, stool, and roots jbeing cut into fragments, leaving a portion of the bark on each. ! t 2. M. a'lba L. The whke-fndted Mulberry Tree. Ideniificn/ion. Lin. Hort. Cliff, 441. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. SCi. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 87. Hijnonijmes. M. Candida Dod. Pempt. 810. ; M. fructu alb'o Bauh. Pin. 459. ; M. alba fructu mincri albo jnsulso Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 24. Engravings. T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. No. .i. f. 1—6., the male; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1382. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves with a deep scallop at the base, and either heart- shaped or ovate, undivided or lobed, serrated with unequal teetii, glossy, or at least smoothish ; the projecting portions on the two sides of the basal sinus unequal. (IVil/d.) A deciduous tree. Ciiina. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers greenish white ; May. Fruit white or pale red ; ripe in September. Varieties. 'i * M. a. 2 vjidticaidis Perrottet in Ann. de la Soc. Lin, de Paris Mai 1824 p. 129., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; M. tatarica Desf., but not of Lin, or Pall.; M. bullata Balbis ; M. cucullata Hort.; Chinese black Mulberry, A7ner. ; Perrottet Mul- berry; many-stalked Mulberry; Mi'i- rier Perrottet, Fr, ; Murier a Tiges nombreuses, Murier des Philippines, Jmi. des Sci. i. p. 336. pi. 3. ; and our fg. 1.381, ; Moro delle Filip- pine, Jia/. — Considered, both in Italy and France, as by far the best variety for cultivation as food for the silkworm. 1 M. a. 3 Aforetfiana Hort., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Dandolo's IMulberry. — Fruit black and very large. Leaves perfectly flat, deep green, shining, thin, and perfectly smooth on both surfaces. Its leaves rank next to those of M. a. multicaulis as food for silkworms. 2 M. a. 4 macrophylla Lodd. Cat. ed. 1 836. M. a. latifolia Hort. ; M. hispanica Hort.; Murier d'Espagne, Feuille d'Espagne, i^/-. — This variety produces strong and vigorous shoots, and large leaves, some- times measuring 8 in. long, and 6 in. broad, resembling in form those of M. nigra, but smooth, glossy, and succulent. t M. «. 6 romdna Lodd, Cat. ed. 1836. M. a. ovalifolia; Murier ro- main, Fr. — Bears a close resemblance to the above sort. 4 M. «. 6 nervom Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. 21. nervosa Bon Jard. 183fi, z z 2 1381. M. a. muUicaillis. 708 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. M. subalba nervosa Hort. — Leaves strongly marked with thick . white nerves on the under side. ¥ M. a. 7 itdlica Hort. M. italics Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves lobed. The plant bearing this name in the Jardin des Plantes has the soft wood, or cambium, of the current 3'ear's shoots of a deep red, when the bark is removed. t M. a. 8 rosea Hort., Lodd. Cat. ed. 18,36. The small white Mulberry; Miirier rose, Feuille rose, Fr. — One of the kinds called in France a wild variety. !lf M. a. 9 columbdssa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Columba, Fr. — Small delicate leaves, and flexible branches. It M. a. 10 membrandcea Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Murier a Feuille de Par- chemin, Fr. — Large, thin, dry leaves. t M. a. 11 sinensis Hort. M. sinensis Hort.; M. chinensis Lodd. Cat. ed, 1836 ; the Chinese white Mulberr}', Amer. — A large-leaved variety, ^ M. a. 12^zm?'/a Nois. ? M. a. nana Hort. Brit. — A shrub, seldom exceeding 10 ft. high. Other Varieties. All the above sorts are in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges ; but in the catalogues of foreign nurserymen there are several other names, most of which will be found enumerated and described in our 1st edition, including M. constantinopolitana Poir. (AI. byzantina Sieb.), which we believe to be nothing more than a rather distinct variety of AT. alba. 1382. .«drus4lba. The white mulberry is readily distinguished from the black, even in winte by its more numerous, slender, upright-growing, and white-barked shoots, is a tree of much more i-apid growth than AI. nigra, and its leaves are ni| only less rough and more succulent, but they contain more of the giutinoij milky substance resembling caoutchouc, which gives tenacity to the silk pri duced by the worms fed "on them. The rate of growth of young plants 1 much more rapid than that of M. nigra ; plants cut down producing shoq 4 or 5 feet long in one season ; the tree attaining the height of 20 ft. in hj or six years ; and, when full grown, reaching to 30 or 40 feet. Its durati is not so great as that of AI. nigra. The white mulberry is more tender tii ;i ' LXV. ARTOCA'RPEffi : il/O^RUS. 769 "l/orus nigra, and requires more care in choosing a situation for it. Calcare- uis soil is said to produce the best silk; and humid situations, or where the oots of the tree can have access to water, the worst. A gravelly or sandy lioam is very suitable ; and trees grown on hilly surfaces, and poor soils, always produce superior silk to those grown in valleys, and in rich soils. The tree is bropagated by seeds (sown as soon as they are gathered), cuttings, layers, [ind grafting. !£ 3. M. (a.) tata'rica Pall. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree. Identification. Pali. Fl. Koss., 2. p. 9. t. 52. ; Lin. Sp. Pi., 1399. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 369. Kngravmgs. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 52. ; f and our fig. 1383. ; both sprigs taken from one tree. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves with I a shallow scallop at the base, ■ and either heart-shaped, ovate, or lobed ; serrated with equal teeth, smooth ; the projecting '■ portions beside the sinus equal. (Wilfd.) A tree re- sembling 31. alba L., and perhaps only a geographical variety of that species. On the banks of the rivers Wolga and Tanais, or Don. Height 20 ft, Introduced in 1784. Flowers greenish white J June. Fruit reddish or pale, of no 1383. M. (a.) tatarica. good flavour, though it is eaten raw in Tartary, as well as dried, or made into a sweetmeat ; ripe in September, .2 4. M. Ru BRA L. The red-fruited Mulberry Tree Identification. Lin. Sp. PI.. 1399. ; Pursii Sept., 2. p. 639. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 91. 13S4. Moras rubra- z z 3 710 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. M. virginica Plick. Aim. p. 253. ; M. pennsylvanica Nois. Arb. Fruit. Engravings. Wangenh. Araer., t. 15. f. 3-5. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig- 1384. Spec. Char., ^c. Sexes ]X)ljgamous or dioeciou.s. Spikes of female flowers cylindrical. Catkins of male flowers of the length of those of .Setula alba L. Leaves heart-shaped, ovate, acuminate, 3-lobed or palmate ; serrated with equal teeth, rough, somewhat villous ; under surface very tomentose, and, in consequence, soft. (Willd.) A deciduous tree. Canada to Floi'ida. Height 40 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish yellow; July. Fruit long, red, and pleasantly tasted ; ripe in September. Varieit/. 'i M. r. 2 scabra. M. scabra Willd., Nutt. ; M. canadensis Pair. Lam. Diet. 4. p. 380. — Leaves rough on both surfaces. Horti- cultural Society's Gardens. Very distinct from any of the preceding species, in the spreading umbel- liferous appearance of the branches, and the flat, heart-shaped, very rough- surfaced leaves, which are almost ahvays entire, but which, nevertheless, are occasionally found as much lobed and cut as those of any other of the genus. As a tree ornamental from its very singular form, it deserves a place in every pleasure-ground ; and it is particularly adapted for giving interest to th^ scenery of a suburban garden. Genus IL m BROUSSONE'T/J Vent. The Broussonetia. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia Tetrandria. Identification. Vent. Tabl. du Rcgne VegOt., 3. p. 547. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 743. Synonymes. iV/6rus Stba Kaempf., Lin. ; Papyrus Encyc. But. 5. p. 5., Lam. III. Gen. t. 762. Derivation. Named in honour of P. A'. V. Brvussonct, a French naturalist, who wrote numerous works on natural history. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. — Male flowers in pendulous cylindrical catkins ; each flower in the axil of a bractea. Calyx siiortly tubular, then 4-parted. Sta^nens -i, elEstic. — Female flowers in peduncled, axillary, up- right, globular heads. Calj/.i- tubular, its ttp with 3 — 4 teeth. Style lateral. Stig7na taper. Fruit club-shaped, consisting of the integument in which the ovary was enclosed, and now become very juicy; and of a I-seeded oval utricle, with a crustaceous integument, and enclosed within the juicy inte- gument. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lobed variously or en- tire, hairy, large. Floivers greenish, axillary. — Tree, deciduous ; native of Japan and the Pacific Isles ; culture as in the mulberry. Si 1. B. PAPYRI 'per A r(?!j^. The Paper-bearing Broussonetia, 0/' Pnper Midberry. Identification. Vent. Tabl. du RJ^gne Veget., 3. p. 547. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 743. Synonymc. A/6rus paoyrifera Lin. Sp. PI. 1399. The Seres. Both the rnale and female plants are in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in tht arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 7. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and out fig. 1385. Spec. Char., S^c. See Gen. Char. A deciduous low tree or large shrub China, Japan, and the South Sea Islands. Height 10 ft, to 20 ft. Intro- duced in 1751. Flowers greenish white ; May. Fruit oblong, dark scarlet, and sweet, but rather insipid ; ripe in August. Varieties. 3fe B.p.2 cucidlata. B. cucuUata Bon .Tard. 1S33 p. 919. ; B. spatulat;-. Hort. Brit. ; B. navicularis Lodd. Cat.ed. 18.S6. — A sport, found ou M Lxv. artoca'rpe^ : maclu ra. 711 13S5. B. papjrifera. a male plant in the Jardin des Plantes, which has its leaves curved upwards, like the hood of a Capuchin, or the sides of a boat, s £. p. Z fructu dlbo. — Fruit white. A very singular tree, from the great variation in the form of its leaves, and Iso from its flowers and fruit. In general aspect it has the appearance of a uilberry, but it is leas hardy than the species of that genus. Genus III. MACLU'R^ Nutt. The Maclur.\. Lin. Syst. Dice cia Tetrandria. \dentificafion. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Plants, 2. p. 23.3. ; Lindi. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 178. \ynonyme. T6xylon Bafinesque in 1817, Card. Mag. vol. viii. p. 247. ■frivdtivn. Named by Nuttall, in honour of William Maclure, Esq., of the United States ; an eminent natural philosopher. len. Char. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. — Male flowers in a racemose panicle. : Calyx 4-parted. Staviens 4, or 3. — Female flowers closely aggregate upon I an axis, and forming a globular head that is borne upon a short axillary pe- i duncle. Calyx oblong, urceolar, apparently with 4 lobes at the tip. Style ; thread-shaped, downy, protruded nearly an inch beyond the calyx. Fruit \ an acheniuni about | in. long, compressed, with the tip blunt. {G. Don.) \ Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; ovate, entire. Flowers i small, mellow. — Tree, deciduous ; native of North America ; with a fruit as ' large as an orange, and when ripe of the same colour ; propagated by layers, I cuttings of the roots, or grafting on the common mulberry. 5 1. M. AURANTi' ACA Nutt. The Ovs.xigQ-Vike-fruited Madura, or Osage Orange. ^entijication. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 234. hnoiiymes. Bow-wood, Yellow Wood, A". Amer. \h^ Sexes. Both male and female plants are in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the ! Hackney arboretum. >'ngyavings. Appendix to Lambert's Monog. on the Genus Pinus. 2. p. 32. ; and our Jig. 1386. in ■ which a is the female flower, and b the male ; the fruit is figured of the nat. size in our 1st edit. pec. Char. See Gen. Char. A deciduous widely spreading tree, with spiny i branches. In the Arkansas, and on the banks" of the Red River, on deep z z i 712 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICF.TUM BRITANNICUM. fertile soils. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellowish green ; June. Fruit resembling a large Seville orange ; ripe in October. Neither flowers nor fruit have yet been produced in England. The leaves are ovate acuminate, of a bright shining green, broad, with a cuspidate point, 3 or 3| inches long, and about 2 in. broad. The petiole is often 1 in. long. The spines are simple, rather strong, about 1 in. in length, and produced in tlie axils of the leaves. The fruit, when ripe, is of a golden colour, and on the tree has a splendid appear- ance ; but, though eatable, it does not appear to be any where used for human food. The wood is of a bright yellow, very fine-grained, elastic, and on that account used by the southern tribes of the American Indians for bows. 1386. M. aurantiaca. Genus IV. FrCUS Tourn. The Fig Tree. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Dioe^cia. Identification. Tourn.; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PI. FI. Germ., fasc. 3. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1131. Synonymes. Figuier, Fr. : Feigenbaum. Ger. ; Fico, Ital. Derivation. Some derive Ficus from foecimdns, on account of its abundant bearing ; and others from su/cos (Greek), or fag (Hebrew), the names for the fig tree in those languages. The fig tree has nearly the same name in all the European languages. Gen. Char. Flowers monoecious, inserted upon the interior surface of a hoi- j low globular or pear-shaped fleshy receptacle, in whose tip is an orifice closed with small scales ; those in the upper part male, the rest female. — Male flowers. Calyx 3-parted. Stamens 3. — Female flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 2. Fruit a utricle. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; lobed. Stipules large, con- volute. Floiuers within the fruit. — Tr^e, deciduous ; native of the South { of Europe and Asia ; sap milky; cuttings in good soil. j 1 \. F. Ca'rica L. The comnwn Fig Tree. I I Identification. Lin. Sp., 1513. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 1131. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 198. ; Synonymes. F. commilnis Bauh. Pin. 457.; F. hOmilis and F. sylvestris Tourn. Inst.GGS.; Fi-, guier commun, Fr. ; gemeine Feigenbaum, Ger. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 53. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and ov fig. 1387. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves palmate and subtrilobate ; rough above, pubesceiu beneath. {Willd.) A low deciduous tree. Asia, on the sea coast. Height: 15 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in Britain from time immemorial.; and ripeninii its fruit against walls, in the chmate of London, in the month of September,, Vaiieties. Botanically, the common fig may be considered as existing in thretj f; diflferent states: — 1. Wild, in which the leaves are comparatively small and not much cut ; and the fruit small, and sometimes blue and sometime white. 2. Cultivated, with very large leaves, very deeply cut, such as th( Blue Ischia and the Brunswick fig, and other sorts ; the fruit of some o which is white, and of others dark. 3. Cultivated, with very large leave not much cut, as the White Marseilles fig, and others with fruit of difFeren colours. Those who are disposed to go farther may form three subvarietie under each of these heads, according as the fruit is blue or black, red o purple, yellow, white, or green. The garden varieties are very numerous LXV. ARTOCA RPEiE : BO RY-^. 713 13S7. Kicus Carica. for which, and their treatment, see the Bncyc. of GarcL, and the Suburban Horticulturist. Genus V. isai BO'RY^ W. The Borya. Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Di-Triandria. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol 5. Synonymes. Adeli.i Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p . 223. ; Bigelbvra Smith in Rees's Cyclop, .\ddenda. Derivation. Named in honour of Bory de St. Vincent, who visited the Mauritius and the Isle of Bourbon, to examine their botany. Smith, in Rees's CyclopiFdia. objects to the name of Bdrya being applied to this genus, because La Billardiere had previously given the same name to another genus : .ind he suggests the substitution of the name of Bigelovi'a, in commemoration of Dr. Blgelow of Boston, author of the Ftortda Bostoniensis, and of the American Medical Botany. Gen. Char.,Sfc. F/otw?'s unisexual, dioecious.. — Male flowers. C«/^.r minute, in -t deep segments. Stamens 2 — 3. — Female flowers. Calyx inferior, in 4 deep segments, deciduous. Style short. Stigvia capitate, depressed. Fridt pulpy, oval, oblong. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, or nearly so, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers axillary, fascicled, bracteated, minute Shrubs, deciduous, natives of North America, with the aspect of the common privet. Propagated by cuttings, and quite hardy. * ]. B. LiGu'sTRiNA Willd. The Pfivet-like BoFja. Identification. Willd. Sp. PL, 4 p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 5. Synonymes. Adelia /igustrina Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 224. ; Bigel6via /igfistrina Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Addenda. The Sexes. The plants bearing this name in Loddiges's arboretum have not yet flowered. Engraving. Oar fig. 1388. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. In habit and leaves somewhat resembling iigustrum vul- gare L. Leaves with very short petioles, and disks that are lanceolate- oblonsr, entire, somewhat membranous. Fruit rather shortly ovate. {Mich.v.) An erect deciduous shrub. North America, in thickets about rivers, in the countries of the Illinois, Tennessee, &c. Height oft. to 10ft. Introd. 1812. Flov/ers greenish ; July and August. ■14 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Apparently a fit associate for Z,igustrum, Fontanesia, and Pnnos. S4 2. B. (? L.) ACUMINATA WUld. The acuminate- leaved Borya. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI, 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 'i., vol. 5. Synunynies. Adelia acuminata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 225. t. 48. ; Bigeluv/a acuminata Smith in Bei's's Cyclop, Addenda. The Sexes. Uncertain whicli is in England. Engravings. Miciix. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. t. 28. ; and onr fig. 1389. 1388. B. figiSstrina. 1339. B. (?/.) acuminata. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves mem- branous, lanceolate in almost a rhombic manner ; but most tapered to the outward end ; U in. long, serrulate. Male flowers several together in small sessile tufts, encompassed with several ovate bracteas. Fe- male flowers stalked, very small. Fruit pendulous, elliptic-obiong, nearly 1 in. long before it is ripe, tapered to the tip in a beak-like manner. It appears that the taper lateral branches form something hke thorns. (Mich.v.) Carolina and Georgia. An erect shrub, on the banks of rivers. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers greenish. The only difference which we can observe between B. acuminata and B. /igustrina is, that the former has the leaves of a paler green, and much larger. The plant bears a general resemblance to a privet, or a larse Persian lilac. ^ 3. B. (l.) porulo'sa WUld. The VoTe-like-dotted-leaved Borya. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. .'5. Synonymes. . Adelia porulbsa Mic%x. Fl. Bor. Amer. '2. p. 224. ; Bigelbvi'a porulbsa Smith in Rccs's Cyclop. Addenda ; ? B. ovata I.odd. Cat. ed. 1836. The Sexes. Uncertain which is in England. Engravings. Our fig. 13riO. from a specimen in the British Museum, and^. 1391. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hoolier's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves coriaceous, sessile, lanceolately ovate, but with li blunt point, entire ; the lateral edges revolute ; under surface rather rusty, and punctured with little holes. (Alichx.) A shrub, like the preceding kinds. Georgia and Florida. Introduced in 1806. The plants in the collection of Messrs. ^^.^^^^ Loddiges differ from B. /igustrina chiefly in -^ 1390. B.(;.)poruii)sa. the leaves being shorter. lisoi. b. (m iwruiosa. Order LXVI. ULMA'CEIE. Ord. Char. Floiuers pedicellate, hermaphrodite or polygamous, collected into loose small heads. Perimith free, 3-lobed. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes. Ovarium solitary. Stigmas 2. Fruit indehiscent, 2-celled, membranous, com- pressed, winged. 5'e'e'f/ solitary in the cells, pendulous. AtbiDiien none. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Flowers axillary, on short peduncles, small. — Trees, deciduous, chiefly of large size ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America ; included in three genera, whicli are thus contradistinguished : — I LXVl. C7LMA^CE^ : f/'LMUS. ^715 U'hMUS L. Flowers polygamous. Fruit a samara. Pla'ner.^ Gmelin. Flowers polygamous. Fruit drj'. Ce'ltis Tourn. Flowers polygamous. Fruit a drupe. Genus I. C7'LMUS L. The Elm. Lin. Si/st. Pentandria Digy/iia. ' Identification. Lin. Gen., 123. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 1, 2. and 19. Synonymes. Orme, Fr. ; Ulm, or Riistcr, Ger. ; Olmo, Ital. Derivation. U'lmus is supposed to be derived from the Saxon word elm, or ulm ; a name which is applied, with very slight altcratinns, to this tree, in all the dialects of the Celtic tongue. Ulm is still one of the German names for the elm ; and the city of Ulm is said to derive its name from the great number of elm trees that are growing near it. There are above forty places in England mentioned in the Doomsday-Book, which take their names from that of the elm ; such as Barn Elms, Nine Elms, &c. Gen. Char,, S^c. Flowers in lateral groups, proceeding from peculiar buds, and protruded before the leaves ; bisexual ; monoecious. Calyx reddish, distinct from the ovary, top-shaped or bell-shaped, of one piece, but having 5 or 4 — 8 segments, which imbricate in aestivation ; remaining until the fruit falls. Stamens as many as the segments. Style short or wanting. Stigmas 2, acuminate. Fruit a samara, with a membranous wing. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrate, feather-nerved, harsh to the touch, generally unequal at the base. Floivers small, whitish or reddish. Decaying leaves rich yellow. — Trees, deciduous; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The species are propagated by seeds, and the varieties by grafting. The elm is remarkable for the aptitude of the different species to vary from seed ; so much so that it is extremely difficult to say, in this genus, which are species and which are varieties ; or even to what species the varieties belong. To us it appears, that there are only two British sorts which are truly distinct ; viz. U. campestris and U. montana. U. americana, and, perhaps, some other of the American species may also be distinct. Great attention has been j paid to this genus by Mr. Masters of Canterbury, who has raised many sorts, i both from American and European seeds, and whose collection will be found described in the 1st edition of this work, and in the Gard. Mag. vol. xiii. p. 28. U. glabra and U. major seem intermediate between U. campestris and U. montana. U. effusa appears very distinct ; but is probably only a variety of U. campestris. Of all the numerous varieties which may be pro- cured in British nurseries, the best kinds for cultivation for their timber a[)pear to be, the Huntingdon elm ( U. m. glabra vegeta), and the Wych elm I ( f.^. montana) ; and for ornament the weeping elm ( C/. montana pendula), ! the sub-evergreen elm (JJ. campestris virens), and the twiggy elm {U. cam- : pestris viminalis). The sucker-bearing elms are chiefly tlie varieties of U. campestris, and these seldom produce seeds ; but U. montana, and U. m. glabra, and their varieties, which never throw up suckers, produce seeds in the greatest abundance every year. U. campestris does indeed produce seeds occasionally, though rarely, in England ; and the U. c. viminalis is a British seedling, raised by Mr. Masters. In France, U. campestris ripens seeds much more freely, and these have given rise, in that country, to innumerable varieties. The whole cenus, it will readily be conceived, is in a state of great confusion. See Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1409, j f 1. i7. campe'stris L. The English, field, or common small-leaved. Elm, \ Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 327. ; Sm. Engl. F!., 2. p. 20. . f'ynonymcs. f/'lmus ^tinia Pliny Nat. Hist. lib. 16. cap. 17. and lib. 17. cap. U. ; U. minor, folio angusto scabro, Gcr. E^nac. 14s0. i. ; Olmo pyramidale, Ital. l-.ngrainngs. Engl. Bot., t. 1886. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 42. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1394. 716 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char,,S^c. Leaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile, 4-cleft. Samara obloug, deeply cloven, glabrous. (Smith.) A large deciduous tree. England, France, and the warmer parts of Europe. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Flov/ers b:;ov>-nish ; March and April. Samara yellow ; ripe in May, Varieties. A. Timber Trees. U. c. 1 vulgaris. U. campestris Hort. Dur. — Very twiggy ; pale smooth bark ; of irregular growth in some plants, with almost hori- zontal branches, where no others are near to force the shoots up- ■^vards. In some soils, it is ver}' subject to decay at the joints. The bark is leaden-coloured while young, splitting into long thin strips with age. A bad variety to cultivate for timber, U. c. 2 latifoUa Hort. — Leaves broader than in the species, and ex- panding very early in spring. U. c. 3 alba Masters. — Of upright growth. The old bark cracks in irregular long pieces, and becomes very pale with age. Shoots with the bark tinged with red, and the footstalks of the leaves quite red. Leaves shining, and doubly and deeply serrated, bearing a very near resemblance to those of U. efFusa. A valuable timber tree. U. c. 4 acutifoUa Masters. — Growth, during its early stages, very like the last, but stronger. The leaves, in old specimens, more tapering, and the branches more pendulous. Bark like the last. This appears very common in some parts of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Also a good timber tree. U. a. 5 stricta Hort. Dur. Red English Elm. — One of the most valuable timber trees of the small-leaved kinds. Gi'owth very rigid. The timber is excellent ; and the tree forms poles of equal diameter throughout. U. c. 6 virens Hort. Dur. Kidbrook Elm.' — Almost evergreen in a mild winter ; and, as such, is the most ornamental tree of the genus. It must not, however, be depended upon as a timber tree, because, in some autumns, the frost kills the shoots. The bark is red, and the tree of spreading habit. This, like the last-mentioned kind, grows well upon chalk. U. c. 7 cornubimsis Hort. U. stricta Lindl. Sijnoj:). p. 227., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; the Cornish Elm. — An^upright-bi'anched tree ; the trunk and branches, when joung, having a somewhat flexuose appearance, which disappears as it grows old. The leaves are small, strongly veined, and coriaceous. Branches bright brown, smooth when young, and very compact. This variety, in the climate of London, is a week or fortnight later in coming into leaf than the common elm, from which, and from all the other varieties, it is readily distin- guished by the bark of oM trees, which never scales off, but tears as under, exhibiting its fibrous construction, in the manner of the bark of the sweet chestnut. There are many fine trees of this va- riety in Kensington Gardens. U. c. Ssarniensis. U. sarniensis Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; the Jersey Elm.— A free-growing variety, differing very little from the species. U. c. 9 iorttcbsa. U. tortuosa ^Lodd. Cat. 1836; ? Orme tortillard, Fr. ; the twisted Elm. — The wood of the tortuous parts of the trunk is valuable for the naves of wheels, anil is much used for that purpose in France. It is the only elm which grows freely by cut- tings, and is generally so propagated in the French nurseries. Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1379, See B, Ornamental or curious Trees, f. V.c. lOfoliis variegdtis Lodd, Cat, ed. 1836. — This variety, which LXVI. C7LMA CEM : U LMUS. 717 parvifoUa. ma^be called the silver-leaved elm, has the leaves striped with white, andj in spring, is very ornamental. T JJ. c. 11 hetularfoUa. U. ^etulaefolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves somewhat resembling those of the common birch. ^ \j.c. 12 vimindlis Hort. Dur. p. 66. U. viminalis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — Small leaves, and numerous slender twig-like branches. It is a ver}' distinct and elegant variety ; and easily recognised, either in summer or winter Raised, in 1817, by Mr. Masters. ^X?! t U. c. 13 2^arvifdlia. U. parvifolia Jac. PI. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. iii. p. 261. t. 262.; U. microphjUa Pers. ; U. pumila var. /3 (transbai- calensis) Pall. Ross. i. p. 76. t. 48.; U. pumila Willd.Sp.Pl. i. p. 1326.; U. p. foliis parvis, &c. Plu/c. Jim. p. 293.; U. humWis Emm. Stirp. Ruth. p. 180. No. 260. (Our Jig. 1392.) — A tree, according to Pallas, who mentions several varieties of it, very common in all the woods of the South of Russia, and vary- ing in height from that of a middle-sized tree to that of a diminutive shrub, according to the soil and climate in which it grows. "^ U. c. [iplamfolia. U. -plam^dWa Hort. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — A handsome small tree, closely resembling the preceding variety. S U. c. 15 chinensis. U. chinensis Pers. i. p. 291. No. 9., Roem. et Schult. Sj/st. Veg. vi. p. 303. ; The de I'Abbe Gallois, Orme nain, Fr. ; (Our fg. 1393.) — A low bush, introduced from China, but when is uncertain. Rather tender. Horticultural Society's Garden. "^ U. c. 16 cuculldta Hort. — Leaves curiously curved, something hke a hood. Hort. Soc. Garden. % U. c. 17 concavcBfdlia Hort. — Resembles the preceding kind. Hort. See. Garden. Y U. c. 18 foliis aiireis Hort. — Leaves variegated with yellow. t v. c. 19 nana Hort. — A very distinct variety, said not to grow above 2 ft. high in ten or twelve years. Hort. Society's Garden. Other Varieties. In Messrs. Loddiges's Catalogue, ed. 1836, U. c. foliis viaaddtis, JJ. diibia, U. viscosa, and some others, are enumerated, and in our first edition twelve French varieties 1393. JTccWnemis. are described, to which might be added, the Orme peduncule of the French, which appears to be our f/'lmus eftusa, though we have doubts on this subject. The common English elm is, perhaps, more frequently to be found in the parks and pleasure-grounds of the English nobility and gentry, than any other tree, excejit the oak. It is of a tall upright habit of growth, with a straight trunk, -!• or 0 feet in diameter when fully grown, and attaining the height of 60 or 70 feet or upwards. The wood loses a great deal in drying : weighing, when green, nearly 701b. the cubic foot; and, when dry, not more than "iSl lb. It is of a brownish colour, and is hard and fine-grained. It possesses greater lateral adhesion, and less longitudinal toughness, than that of U. inontana, and, consequently, does not crack so much as that sort in drying. In ship-building it is valuable for forming the blocks and dead eyes, and other wooden furniture of rigging, being particularly suitable for these purposes, from its hard and adhesive nature, and indisposition to crack or split when 718 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. exposed to sun or weather. The great use of the English ehn, liowever, in ship-building, is for keels. In light land, especially if it be rich, the growth of the tree is very rapid ; but its wood is light, porous, and of little value compared with that grown upon strong land, which is of a closer stronger texture, and at the heart will have the colour, and almost the hardness and heaviness, of iron. The common elm produces abundance of suckers from the roots, both near and at a great distance from the stem ; and throughout Europe these afford the most ready mode of propagation, and that which appears to have been most gene- rally adopted till the establishment of regular commercial nurseries ; the suckers being procured from the roots of grown up trees, in hedgerows, parks, or plantations. In Britain, the present mode of propagation is by layers from stools, or by grafting on the U. monttma. The layers are made in autumn, or in the course of the winter, and are rooted, or fit to be taken off, in a year. Grafting is generally performed in the whip or splice manner, close to the root, in the spring ; and the plants make shoots of 3 or 4 feet in length the same year. Budding is sometimes performed, but less frequently. The great advantage of grafting is, that the plants never throw up suckers, unless indeed the graft is buried in the soil. The tree bears the knife better than most others, and is not very injurious to grass growing under it. The leaves are eaten by most kinds of cattle, =t 2. U. (c.) SUBERO^SA Mcench. The Covk-barked Elm. Identification. Ehr. Arb., 142. ; Willd. Sp. PI., p. 1324. ; Engl. Fl., 2. p. 21. Synoiiymes. TJ. campcstris JVooriv. Meet. Hot. t. 197. ; U. campestris and Theophrast/ Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 367. t. 108. ; U. vulgatissima fblio lato scabra Gcr. Emac. 1480. f. ; V. montana Cam. Epit. t. 70., upper fig. ; common Elm Tree, Hunt. Evcl fungeiix, 'Fr. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 21G1. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 108. ; vii. ; and oxirfig. ISD-i. 1391. V. campcstris. Syl. p. 119.; rOrme Liege, I'Orme the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. Sjoec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves pointed, rough, doujbly and sharply serrated. Flowers stalked, 4 — 5- clefc. Samara almost orbicular, deeply cloven, glabrous. Branches spreading ; their bark corky. {Smith.) A deciduous tree, taller and more spreading than the common English elm. England. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft., and sometimes 100 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kind. Varieties. 2 U. (c.) s. 1 vulgaris. U. suberosa Hort. Dur. ; the Dutch cork-barked Elm. — This, except the American elm and the Canterbury seedling ( U. montana major glabra), is the quickest-growing of any that Mr. Masters cultivates. It is, moreover, valuable on account of its growing well upon the Kentish chalks ; and it keeps its leaf till late in the autumn. It is a tree of large growth. Many of the elms at Windsor are of this kind. 1 U. (c.) s. 2fd/iis vnricgafis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. U. suberosa variegata JFort, Dur. — Precisely like the last, except in its variegation. f U. (r.) s. 3 alba. U. suberosa alba Masters. — A low tree, of more 1395. 17. (c.) suberosa. LXVI. ULMA^CT.M '. J/'lMUS. 719 compact growth than the two preceding varieties ; and often growing into an oval, or, rather, cone-sliaped head. Young shoots pubes- cent. Foliage thickly set. Bark much wrinkled, and becoming -«*'hite with age. ** V'. {c.) s. 4 erecta Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Has a tall narrow head, resembling that of the Cornish elm ; but differs from that tree in having much broader leaves, and a corky bark. i U. (c.) s. bvar. The broad-leaved Hertfordshire Elm, Wood, nursery- man at Huntingdon. — The shdots show some tendency to become corkj', which, in our opinion, determines this variety to belong to U. (c.) suberosa, rather than to U. montana or U. (m.) glabra. i L,(c.)s. Q var. The narrow-leaved Hertfordshire Ehn, Wood. — Leaves and shoots differing very little from those of U. campestris. S 3. U. (c.) MA^JOR Smith. The greater, or Dutch Cork-barked, Elm. Identificntion. Sm. Engl. Bot., t. 2542. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 21. Synonymes. U. \\oW3.nd.\c& Mill. Diet. ed. 8. No. 5. ; f7. major hoUandlca, &c., Pluk. Alm.Z'iZ.; U. major, ampliore ftilio, &c., Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 368. ; Tilia mas Matth. Valgr. 1. 158. f. ; U. latifolia Micltx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. t. 129. f. 2. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2642. ; N. Amer. Sy!., 3. t. 129. f. 2. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit,, vol. vii. ; and out Jig. 1596. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves rough, unequally and rather bluntly serrated. Flowers nearly sessile, 4-cleft. Samara obovate, slightly cloven, glabrous. Branches drooping, the bark corky. ( Smith.) A deciduous tree, with widely spreading branches. England. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kinds The branches spread widely, in a drooping manner, and their bark is rugged, and much more corkv than even the fore^oinc;. Leaves on short thick stalks, larger and more bluntly ser- rated than the last ; rough on both sides, espe- cially beneath ; but the hairy tufts at the origin of each transverse rib are very small. Segments of the calyx short and rounded. Stamens 4. Samara obovate, with a very small rounded sinus, not reaching half so far as the seed. This appears to be the kind brought over by Wil- liam HL from Holland ; which, from its quick growth, was, at first, much usedi for hedges and formal rows of clipped trees ; but, when the Dutch taste in gardening declined, the tree was no longer cultivated ; as its wood was found very inferior to that of most other kinds of elm. jjgg, ^j (c.)„iijor, 3? 4. U. EFFu'sA Willd. The &^re3.dmg-hi-anched Elm. Identification. Willd. Arb., 393. ; Sp. PI., 1. p. 1325. ; Duby et Dec. Bot. Gall., 1. p. 422. Synonymes. U. ciliata Elirh. Arb. 72. ; U. pedunculiita Lam. Diet. No. 2. ; V. octandra Schk. Bot Hanrtb. 178. t. 67. ; U. folic latissimo, &c., Buxb. Hal. 340. ; U. la;Vis Pal. Ross. vol. 1. p. 75. ; 1 Orme pedoncule, Fr. Engravings. Hayne, t. 29. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol vii. ; and our fig. 1397. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves mostly resembling those of the U. montana, but quite smooth on the upper side ; unequal at the base, doubly serrated, Flowers on drooping stalks. Stamens in a flower 6 — 8. Samara elliptic, deeply cloven, strongly fringed with coarse dense hairs, (Smith.) A deciduous tree with ascending shoots, which spread at the extremities. Europe, chiefly in the South of France, and in the Caucasus. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introd. ? 1800. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kinds. This species is very distinct, even when the tree is bare of leaves, as will be seen by comparing the winter tree of it in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. 720 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1397. P. efluso. with that of U. montana major depicted at the samfe season. In spring and summer, it is equally marked by the long drooping pe- duncles of its flowers, and its hairy samaras. Its leaves are large, and of a beautiful light shining green tinged with red, and with red veins. The buds are long, sharply pointed, and greenish ; while in the U. campestris they are short, obtuse, and covered with greyish hairs. As a tree of ornament, it is well worth cidtivating for the beauty of its leaves, for the distinct character of its spray in winter, and, indeed, for its general appearance at all sea- sons. Propagated by grafting on U. montana. The largest tree of this species in England is at White Knights, in front of the mansion. ¥ 5. U. monta\\a Bank. The Mountain, Scotch, or Wychy Elm. Identification. Bauh. Pin., 427. ; Sm. Engl. Bot., t. 1827. Synonymes. f. glabra Huds. ed. 1. 95.; f. effilsa Sihth.ST.; U. scabra Mill. Diet. No i., V. nuda Ehrh. ; U. campi5stre Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1324. ; U. campestris latifblia Ilort. Par. ; Wych Hazel of old authors. Engravings. Engl. Hot., t. 1887. ; Fl. Dan., t. 632. ; the plates of some of the varieties in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onv fig. 1399. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves pointed, rough, broad, and doubly serrated. Flowers on longish peduncles loosely tufted, 5 — G-cleft. Samara somewhat orbi- cular, slightly cloven, naked. Branches drooping at their extremities; their bark smooth and even. (S))iifh.) A spreading deciduous tree, with smooth bark. Britain, and various parts of Europe. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers reddish ; April and May. Samara brown ; ripe in June. Varieties. The varieties of the Scotch elm are extremely distinct, and very handsome trees, some well worth cultivating in a useful, and others in an ornamental, point of view. A. Timber Trees, t U. m. 1 vulgaris. — Tree spreading ; seldom exceeding 40 or 50 feet \ in height, except when drawn up by other trees. t U. m. 2 rugbsa Masters. U. rugosa J^odd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Bark reddish i brown, cracking into short regular pieces, very like that of A^ctv ' campestre. Tree of spreading growth, and moderate size. 2 U. m. 3 major Masters. (Plate in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. vii.) — The tree is of upright and rapid growth, with few branches ; and, w some stage.s, approaching the habit of the common Scotch elm, but \ of a more tapering form. The leaves fall almost a month soonei than those of the following sort. *t U. m. 4 minor Masters. — Compared with U. m. nuijor, is of a morL branching and spreading habit, of lower growth, with more twiggy shoots ; and these are more densely clothed with leaves, which arc retained long in the autunm. ^ U. m. 5 cebennensis Hort. The Cevennes Elm. — Habit spreading, like that of U. m. vulgaris ; but it appears of much less vigorous growth. Horticultural Society's Garden. 3f U. m. 6 7iigra. U. nigra Lodd. Cat. ; the black Irish Elm. — A spreading tree, with the habit of U. montana vulgaris, but with much smaller: leaves. It is by some considered as a variety of U. camjoestris ; but,' as it ripens seeds in Ireland, we are inclined to think it belongs toj what may be called the seed-bearing section of the genus, and, cou- sequentl}', to U. montana. "? U, 7)1. 7 austrdlis Hort. — Leaves rather smaller, and habit of growti more pendulous than the species. >^k I? Lxvi. ulma'ceje,: u'lmvs. 721 B. Ornamental or curious Varieties. U. m. 8 pcndida. U. pendula Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; U. glabra decum- bens Hurt. Dur. ; U. horizontalis Hort. ; U. rubra in the Horticul- tural Society's Garden, in 1835. (Plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., A-^-. (mi>^%.^ loOS. v. m. p^nduIa. 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^g. 1398.) — This is a beautiful and highly characteristic tree, generally growing to one side, spreading its branches in a fan-like manner, and stretching them out sometimes horizontally, and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards, so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape. ^ U. m. 9 fastigidta Hort. U. glabra replicata Hort. Dur. ; U. Fordii Hort. ; U. exoniensis Hort. ; the Exeter Elm, Ford's Elm. (Plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — A very remarkable variety, with peculiarly twisted leaves, and a very fastigiate habit of growth. The leaves, which are ver}^ harsh, feather-nerved, and retain their deep green till they fall offj enfold one side of the shoots. ^ U. m. 10 crispa. ? U. crispa Wilkl.; the curled-leaved Elm. — Of a slender and stunted habit of growth. Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Varieties. Several might be taken from catalogues, both timber jtrees and curious plants ; but the former, such as U. montana vegeta Lijid/., we think mav be best classed under U. m. glabra, and the latter are of so little merit, that we hardly think them worth recording in this work. A variety or variation was discovered in a wood near Verrieres, in which the soft wood, or cambium, of the current year's shoots appears of a deep red when the bark is removed. It retains this peculiarity when propagated by extension ; and there are plants of it in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. A similar variation occurs in i^forus italica. (See p. 708.) The Scotch elmhas not so upright a trunk as the Enghshelm; and it soon vides into long, widely spreading, somewhat drooping branches, forming a fge spreading tree. In Scotland, where the tree abounds, both naturally id in artificial plantations, the wood weighs less than that of the English elm, id is more coarse-grained. Nevertheless, Sang observes, it is always prized :xt to the wood of the oak. It is used, he adds, by the ship-builder, the 3 A ;? 722 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BiJlITANNICUM. boat-builder, the block and pump maker, the cartwright, the cabinet-maker and the coach-maker. The timber, Matthews observes, has much sap-wood, and great longitudinal toughness ; but, from the great quantity of sap-wood, and want of lateral adhesion, it splits considerably when dry. The tree has a peculiar fan-like spread of the branches, often tending to one side, and most perceptible in young trees. Hence, when grown up, there is ge- nerally a slight bending in the stem, which renders it very fitting for floor- timbers of vessels ; the only part of a ship, except the bottom plank, to which it is applicable, as it soon decays above water. Its great toughness and strength, however, render it fit for floors. The soil in f^s which this elm most luxuriates is a deep ||" rich loam ; but that in which it becomes most valuable, is a sandy loam lying on rubble stone, or on dry rock. In wet tilly clays, it soon sickens. It does not produce suckers like the English elm ; but, accord- mg to Boutcher, it roots more readily from layers than that species. The most ready modeofpropagatingit,however, isby seeds, which are produced in great abundance, and are ripe about the middle of June. They ought to be gathered with the hand before they drop, as, from their lightness and winged appendages, they are very apt to be blown away by the wind. The seeds may either be sown as soon as! gathered, in which case, many plants will come up the same season ; or thev may be thinly spread out to dry in the shade, and afterwards put up into bags or boxes, and kept in a dry place till the following March or April. j ± 6. U. (w.) gla'bra Mill. The smooth-leaved, or Wych, Elm. 1399. U. montiina. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 23. U. lt)lio glibro Ger. Emac. Identification. Mill. Diet., ed. 8., No. 4 Synonyines. U. montana /3 Fl. Br. 282. 3. Witli. 279. ; the feathered Elm. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2218. ; and oxa fig. 1400. Spec. Char., ^-c Leaves elliptic-oblong, doubly serrated, smooth. Flowers nearly sessile, 5-cleft. Samara obovate, naked, deeply cloven. (Smit/i.) Branches spreading, rather drooping, smooth, blackish, scarcely downy in their earliest stage of growth. Leaves smaller than any of the preced- ing (except U. campestris), as well as more oblong ; strongly serrated, very unequal at the base, not elongated at the extremity ; their sub- stance firm, or rather rigid ; the surface of both sides very smooth to the touch, and without any hairs beneath, except the axillary pubescence of the ribs, which often forms a narrow downy line along the midrib. Flowers nearly sessile, with 5 short, bluntish, fringed segments, and as many longish stamens, the anthers of which are round- ish heart-shaped. Samara smaller than most other species, obovate, cloven down to the seed, smooth, often reddish. A tall, elegant, deciduous tree. Britain, chiefly in England, in woods and hedges ; and forming the most common elm in some parts of Essex to 80 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding sort. It bears seeds in nearly as great abuntlance as U. montana, 1481. f. ; U. campestris var' 1400. t?. (m.) gl.^jra. Height 60' and it does ip LXVI. f/LMA^CEyE : C7LMUS. 7*23 row up suckers ; which convinces us that it is only a variety of that species, le propagation, culture, &c., of U. glabra and its varieties are the same as in |e preceding sort ; but, to preserve the latter distinct, they ought to be grafted. hieties. In consequence of U. glabra ripening seeds in different parts of (Encfland, many varieties have been raised from it, most of which are distin- guished by great rapidity of growth. It is difficult to determine, in every case, whether the varieties of U. (m.) glabra are not nearer to U. montana, than to that sub-species ; and, in some instances, they appear to partake of I the character of U. canipestris and U. (c.) suberosa, T. A. Knight, Esq., iinfornis us that from seeds of one variety of U. (m.) glabra, viz. the Down- ton elm, which were ripened in the cold climate of that part of Shropshire, lie " raised plants which are so perfectly similar to the U. suberosa, and which approximate so nearly to the character of the U. glabra, that " he I does "not doubt but that the U. campestris, i7. suberosa, £7. glabra, and I three or four other varieties which" he has " seen in different parts of j England, are all varieties only of the same species." A. Timber Trees. 1 U. ()».) g. 1 vulgaris. The common smooth-leaved Elm. t U. (»».) g. 2 vegeta. U. montana vegeta in the Horticultural Society's Garden; L''. americana Masters; the Huntingdon Elm, the Chi- chester Elm, the American Elm in some places, and perhaps the Scampston Elm. — This is by far the most vigorous-growing kind of elm propagated in British nurseries, often making shoots from 6 ft. to 10 ft. in length in one season ; and the tree attaining the height of upwards of 30 ft. in ten years from the graft. Raised at Huntingdon about 1746, from seed collected in that neighbourhood, by Mr. Wood, nurseryman there. 2 U. (in.) g. 3 va'r. The Scampston Elm. — Variety of U. glabra, and very little different from the preceding kind. i U. (?».) g. 4 major. U. glabra major Hurt. Bur. ; the Canterbury Seed- ling. — Of more vigorous growth than the s[)ecies, and, indeed, a rival to the Huntingdon elm in quickness of growth. Judging from the specimens of this variety sent to us by Mr. Masters, we should say that it belongs fully as much to U. montana as to U. (m.) glabra. 1 U. (??(.) g. 5 glanduldsa Lindl. — Leaves very glandular beneath. ¥ U. (in.) g. 6 latifoUu Lindl. — Leaves oblong, acute, very broad. 2 U. (?K.) g. 1 inicrophylla Hort. U. g. parvifolia.. — Leaves small. Horticultural Society's Garden. B. Ornamental or cunous Trees. 'i U. {ni.) g. S pendula. U. campestris pendula Hort. Diir.; the Down- ton Elm. — Raised in Smith's Nursery, at Worcester, in ISIO, from seeds obtained from a tree in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Knight of Downton Castle purchased some of these trees , and one them turned out to be that weeping variety which has since obtained the name of the Downton elm. i U. (m.) g. 9 varicgdta Hort. — Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Garden. 2 U. (?)!.) g. 10 ramulosa Booth. — Branches more twiggy than the species. t 7. U. a'lba Kit. The v/hitish-kaved Elm. identification. Kitaib., quoted in Rtem. et Schult. Sjst. Veg., G. p. 300.; VVilld. Baumz , p. 518. Engraving. Our Jig. UOCO. in p. OOUU. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bark grey brown ; smooth, not chinky. Leaves with j downy petioles ; and disks oblong, acuminate, 2^ in. long, unequal at the i base, doubly and very argutely serrate ; above, deep green ; beneath, downy, and becoming obviously whitish. (Willd.') A large deciduous tree. Hun- gary; said to have been introduced in 1834, but we are not aware that the plant is in British gardens. 3a 2 i? ?24 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETU.M BRITANNICUM. i! 5? 8. U. america'xa L. The Aiiierican Elm, . Idcntificatiun. Lin. Sp. PI., 327. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 199. Si/noni/mes. The white Elm, A»icr. \ the Canadian Elm, the American wliite Elm. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3, t. 12G. ; and our^?^. 1401. Sj)cc. Char., ^-c. Leaf with the petiole 1 in. toll in, long, and hair}' with short hairs ; and the disk unequal at the base, 4 in. to 5 in. long, inclusive of a long acuminate point, 2 in. to 2| in. broad, serrate, and mostly doubl}' so ; the axils of the veins underneath joined by a membrane. Flowers peduncled, effuse, purple ; peduncles short, glabrous. Stamens 3 and 8, Samara fringed at the edge with hairs, ovate, acute. This species is readily distinguish- able from others by the membrane which appears at the axils of the veins. ( Willd.) Young branches brown, with short verj' fine hairs. Leaves deeply green above, almost glossy, rough ; beneath, pale, downy. Flowers like those of U. effiisa. A large tree. New England to Carolina. Height 80 ft, to 100 ft. Introduced in 1752; but rarely flowering, and never ripening seeds in England. Varieties. If U. a. \ rubra Ait, Hort. Kew. i. p. 319. — Branches red. ovate, rugose, rough. * U. cf. 2 alba Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. .319., Marsh, p. 250. ? i7, molli- folia (liasm. el Schiili.) — Branches whitish. Leaves oblong, rough. ! "? U. «. 3 pendiila Pursh Sept. i. p. 200., Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 319. 1 — Branches pendulous. I V. a. a uctsa Hort. (Flate m Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — This 1401. ¥ variety differs from the other varieties, in having the ■aves some- what more deeply serrated, and rather smaller, approaching nearer to those of U. effiisa. Horticultural Society's Garden. ¥ U. a. bfoHis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. Hort, Soc. Garden. The white elm delights in low himiid situations. The wood is used for the same purposes as that of the European elm, but it is decidedly inferior in strength and hardness; it has also less compactness, and splits more readily. Pro[)agated by grafting on U. montiina, but not common in collections. 2 9. U. (.4.) fu'lva Michx. The tawny-buddcd, or slipj^crij, Elm. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 172. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 200. \ Synonpmcs. V. rClbra Michx. Arb. 3. p. 278. ; Orme gras, French of Canada and Upper Louisiana '• red Elm, red-wooded Elm, Moose Elm. i Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. t. 123. ; and our Jig. 1402. Spec, Char., <$'c. Resembles the Dutch elm. Branches rough, whitish, Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, nearly equal at the base, more or les! cordate there; serrate with unequal teeth, rugose, very rough, hairy oi both surfaces : they are larger, thicker, and v rougher than those of U. americana. Leaf buds '^TTI^ tomentose, with a tawny dense tomentum : they •''-S^rai'"^ are larger and rounder than those of U. ameri- cana. iScales of the buds that include the flowers downy. Peduncles of flowers short. Samara not fringed, very like that of U. campestris ; orbicular, or obovate. {Michx.) Leaves variable in shape and serratures, but more downy than the other North American elms. Stamens 5 — 7, Stigmas purplish. Samara, when young, downy on both sides. A tree bearing a strong resem- blance to the Dutch elm. Canada to Carolina. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced ? 1815, Flowers and samara as in preceding species. mos. u, (a. LXVl. t'LMA CE.B : PLA NERvsa. where the soil is fertile. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Inti duced in ? 1766. Flowers pale rose-coloured ; May. huks, enclosing a brownish nut ; ripe in November. Fruit with a gre, to LXVII. JUGLANDA^CEJE : CA^RYA. 739 Variety. f C. t. 2 maxima Xiitt. — Leaflets 7 in a leaf, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate ; beneath, softly pubescent, and of a paler colour ; terminal leaflet subpetiolate. Fruit partly globose, of nearly twice the size ordinary in the species ; as large as an apple. Ilusk exceedingly thick. Nut quadrangular, very large; having a thick shell, and a macro that is prominent, quadrangular, and truncate at the tip, {Nutt.) The leaves grow so rapidlj', that Michaux has seen them gain 20 in. in 18 days. With the first frosts, they change to a beautiful yellow, and fall off soon after. The truit is ripe in November, and varies very much in size and shape. The shell is very thick, and extremely hard ; and the kernel, which is sweet, though small, is so difficult to extract, because of the strong partitions which divide it, as to have given rise to the name of mocker-nut. There are numerous specimens of this tree in the Bois de Boulogne, which were sown there by Michaux fils in 1822 ; and in 1840, when we saw them, were from 20 ft. to .30 ft. high. S 3. C. A LBA Nutt. The yi\nte-nutted Carya, or Shell-bark Hickory. Idenfification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 221. Synonymes. Juglans alba Michx. Ft. Bor. A7ner. 2. p. 193. ; J. alba ovata Marsh. Arb. 115. ; J. squamfisa Michx. Arb. 1. p. 190. : J. compressa Gcerin. Sent. 2. p. 51. ; Shag-bark Hickory, Scaly- bark Hickory, Kisky Thomas Nut, A7ner. ; Noycr teiidre, Illinois. Engravings. Michx. "N. Amer. Sylva, 1. t. 36. ; bend. Brit., t. 148.; the plate of this tree in Arb. lirit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig.. 1424. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 5 — 7 ; oblong-acuminate, argutely serrate ; villous beneath ; the pair nearest to the base of the petiole rather remote from it ; terminal leaflet nearly sessile. Catkin glabrous. Fruit depressedlv f;lobose, with 4 longitudinal furrows, in the line of which the husk divides into 4 valves that become wholly separate. Nut compressed, oblique, 4- angled in its transverse outline, white. Bark exfoliating in long narrow strips. (Mich.v.) A large deciduous tree. New England to Carolina, and throughout the Alleghany Mountains, in forests where the soil is fertile. Height soft, to 90ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish; May. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a white nut; ripe in November. The growth of the leaves is so rapid, that in a month they attain their full length, which, in vigorous trees, is sometimes above 20 in. The fruit is round, with four depressed seams, and averages, in general, 5h in. in circumference. The husk separates entirely from the nut ; and its thickness is so dispropor- tioned to the size of the nut, as to forna a character peculiar to this species and C. sulcata. The ,^»s, M v^ nuts are white fg f^Q. f\ gX (whence the name * ^' ''' *" -"- s-^i'. of C. alba), com- pressed at the sides, and marked by four distinct angles, which correspond to the divisions of the husk. The ker- nel is fuller ant: sweeter than that of any other Ame- rican walnut or hickory, except that of C. olivaeformis ; but it is inferior to the fruit of the European walnut. 3' 6. C. sulca'ta Nidt. The hirrow ed-fruifed Carya, or Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 221. Synonymes. Jdglans lacinicjsa Michx. Arb. 1. p. 199.; J. mucronita Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 192. ; J. sulcata Willd. Arb. 154. t. 7.; thick Shell-bark Hickory, Springfield Nut, Gloucester Nut, Amer. 3b 2 1424. C. ilba. 740 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Willd. Arb., t. 7. ; Michx. Arb., 1. t. 8. ; North Amer. Sylva, t. 37. ; and oxxvfig. 1425. Sjjec. Char., ^c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 7 — 9 ; obovate-acuminate, argutely ser- rate ; downy beneath. Fruit roundish, having 4 longitudinal ridges that extend from the tip to the middle, and 4 intervening depressions, or furrows. Husk dividing from one extremity to the other, in the line of the furrows, into 4 equal valves. Nut subglobose, slightly compressed, having a long mucro at the tip, and a shorter stouter one at the base ; yellowish. Bark exfo- liating in long narrow strips. (Jllichjr.) A large deciduous tree. Alleghany Mountains, in fertile valleys. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1804. Flowers greenish ; May. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a yellowish nut ; ripe in November. The leaves vary in length from 18 in. to 20 in., and are composed of from 7 to 9 leaflets ; whereas in C. alba, the shell-bark hickory, the leaflets are in- variably 5. The barren catkins are long, glabrous, filiform, and pendulous ;, 3 being united on a common petiole, attached to the bases of the young shoots. The fertile flowers appear, not very conspicuously, at the extremity of the fc( 1425. C. sulcilta,, shoots of the same spring. They are succeeded by a large oval fruit, more than 2 in. long, and 4 or 5 inches in circumference. It has four depressed seams, which, at complete maturity, open throughout their whole length for the escape of the nut. The shell is thick, and of a yellowish hue ; while that of the C. alba is white. i 7. C. PORCi\\A Nuti. The Vig-nid Carya, or Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 222. Sj/noni/mes. JOglans porcina « obcordata il/«"/u'. ^ri. 1. p. 26("i. ; J. poroina var. with fruit round, and somewhat rough, ilichx. North Amer. Si/lva 1. p. 196. ; J. obcor- data Miihlenh. In Nov. .'let. Soc Nat. Scrut. Berol. 3. p. 392. ; Pig-nut. Hog-nut, Broom Hickory. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1. t. 9. f. 3, 4. ; North Amer. Sylva, 1. t. 38. f. 3, 4. ; Dend. Brit., t. 167. ; and our figs. 1426, 1427. and 142S. Spec. Char., (!)-c. Leaflets 5 — 7 in a leaf, ovate-acuminate, serrate, glabrous, dotted beneath with dots of resinous matter ; ter- minal leaflet sessile. Nut obcordate. Fruit round, somewhat rough. (Michx.) See our fig. 1426. a, and fig. 1428. n. A lofty tree. North America, in the middle, western, and southern states, on the bor- h^g. c. jiorctna. I-XVM. JUGLANDA CE^ : CA RYA. 741 ders of swamps. Height 70 ft. to SO ft. Introd. 1756. Flowers greenish; May. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a brownish nut ; ripe November. 1427. C. porcina. Vaiiett/, "t C. p. 2 gldhra. Jiiglans porcina /3 ficiformis Michx. Arb. i. p. 209. ; J. glabra Jiw///. in Xov. Act. Soc. Xat. &c, iii. p. 391. (Our Jigs. 1426. b, and 1428. b.) — Husk of the fruit shaped like a small fig, instead of being round, like the species. The leaves generally consist of three pairs of leaflets, and an odd one. The leaflets are 4 or 5 inches long, acuminated, serrated, nearly sessile, and glabrous on both sides. On vigorous trees which grow in shady exposures the petiole is of a violet colour. The husk of the fruit is thin, of a beauti- ful green; and, when ripe, it opens through half its length for the passage of the nut, which is small, smooth, and very hard, on account of the thickness of the shell. The kernel is sweet, but meagre, and difficult to extract, from the firmness of the partition. These nuts, in America, are never carried to market, but serve for food for swine, ra- coons, and numerous squirrels which people the forests. The wood is stronger' and better than that of any other kind of hickory. There were numerous specimens in the Bois de Boulogne in 1840, w'hich were sown by Michaux fils in 1S22. ^ S. C. myristic.*:fo'rmis Xuti, The ^ utmeg-Vike-f ruitcd Carya, or Nutmeg Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer. PI., 2. p. 222. 3b 3 1428. C. porcina. 742 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Si/nonynie. Jiiglans myristicaefonnis Michx. Arb. 1. p. 211. Eng7-ail. ; Lam., t. 802. ; Ga;rtn., t. SIO. Synomjmcs. Harab, Hehretn ; Ilea, Or. ; Salix, T.at. ; Saule, Fr. ; Weide and Felber, Or. ; Salcio, Ital.; Sauze, Span. ; Wide. Swcd.; Wilge, Fkm.; Withig, A»glo-Sax. ; Willow, Withy, Sallow, Osier, Engl. ■ Saugh, Scotch. Derivation. From sal, near, and lis, water, Celtic ; in reference to its jreneral habitat. According to others, from satire, to leap ; on account of the extraordinary rapidity of its growth. Gen. Char., S^c. Brncfea to the flower of each sex entire. — Male flower consisting of 1 — 5 stamens, more in a few species, and of one or more glands inserted contiguously to the stamens. — Female flower consisting of a pistil that is stalked or sessile, or nearly sessile, and one or more glands inserted contiguously to it. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; more or less lanceolate and serrated. Floiuers yellow. Decaying leaves mostly yellow. — Trees or shrubs, deciilnous ; natives of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America readily propagated by cuttings in any moist soil. I* ' Lxviii. ^alica'cetE : sk lix. 745 The species vary from 2 or 3 inches to 50 or 60 feet, and even to SO or 90 feet, in height. The branches are ronnd and flexible ; the leaves in all cases deciduous, and the sexes, with scarcely any exceptions, on different plants. The appearance of the male plant and the female plant, of the same species, is generally more or less different ; and hence one of the great difficulties in the study of this genus, the species of which may be described as in a .state of inextricable confusion. The growth of the dwarfest species, such as S. herbacea, is slow, and, in its native habitat, not above 1 in. a year, and often not so much ; that of the larger shrubs, in their native habitats, varies from 5 or 6 inches to as many feet, especially when the plants are young or newly cut down. The growth of some of the kinds cultivated for basket-making or hoops, in good soil, when cut down every year or every two years, is often from 8 ft. to 12 ft. in a single season. The growth of the tree kinds, more especially of S. alba and S. Russell/o««, is equally rapid when young ; so that in ten years, in the climate of London, in suitable soil, and within reach of water, these kinds will attain the height of 30 or 60 feet. The branches of most of the tree kinds have an upward direction, and have a flame-like motion in the wind, as in S. alba ; but in others they are spreading, as in S. caprea ; and, in one instance, drooping in a very decided manner, as in S. babylonica. Almost all the willows are found naturally either in a cold soil and moist climate, or, if in a sandy soil, within reach of water. The low-growing kinds are sometimes, however, found in dry arid soils ; but in such soils they are never in a thriving state. Willows are very seldom found growing on moist peat bogs ; the only species observed in such situations by Steele being the S. caprea and the S. pentandra, and these only sparingly in peat bog that was dry. All the willows are propagated by cuttings ; though some of the more rare alpine kinds root with difficulty. Some species propagate very readily from seeds ; and there can be little doubt that grafting, inarching, and other similar modes of propagation, would be as successful in this genus as in most others. The best kinds of willow for growing as timber trees are : — ^S*. alba, which will attain the height of from 60 ft. to 80 ft. in 20 years. S. RusselhV«;a and S. fragilis, which are frequently confounded ; and, indeed, in external appearance, differ very slightly from each other except in size: iS'. KussellM?2a growing as rapidly, and to as great a height, as S. alba ; but S. fragilis, though it grows with equal rapidity, not attaining so great a height. S. caprea, and some of its allied kinds, which grow as rapidly as 5. fragilis for three or four years ; and will attain nearly the same height as that species in the same time ; that is, on good soil, from 30 ft. to 40 ft. in twenty years : according to Bosc, S. caprea is the most valuable of all the tree willows grown in France. Other willows which attain a timber-like size, or about 30 or 40 feet in twenty years, are, S. triandra, S. rotundata, S. liicida, S. Meyeridna, S. prae'cox, S. Pontedera?i«, S. acuminata, S. pentandra, S. vitellina, and S. amygdalina. Many of the other species, in good soil, if allowed sufficient room, and trained to a single stem, would attain the size and character of trees ; but with a view to timber, the four species first mentioned, viz. S. alba, S. RusaeWidna, S. fragilis, and S. caprea, are alone worth cultivating. The best sorts for coppice-wood are S. ciiprea and its allied kinds. Almost all the species of willows may be grown for basket rods, but some are greatly preferable to others. The most vigorous-growing basket willow IS, unquestionably, S. viminalis ; and it is also the sort most generallv cul- tivated for that purpose. It has no disadvantage that we are aware of, except that in cold wet seasons, and in a moist soil, it does not always ripen the points of its shoots. S. rubra, S. Forbydna, S. decipiens, and S. stipularis are excellent species, of less vigorous growth than S, viminalis, which ripen the points of their shoots perfectly in most seasons : the best of these is, perhaps, S. Vorbydna, S. triandra is nearly as vigorous as S. viminalis. S. helix, S. vitellina, and S. purpurea are very desirable species where small 746 ARBORETUM E'J' FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. tough rods are required. Various other sorts might be mentioned ; but these we consider as by tar the most valuable. As gardenesque objects, all the shrubby species of willow, as well as the trees, will have most effect when trained to a single stem, if only to the height of 2 or 3 feet. This alone gives them the character of art. AH the trailing sorts, such as S. herbacea, S. reticulata, &c., to be truly gardenesque, ought to be grafted standard high for the same reason. For picturesque decoration in artificial scenery, all the upright shrubby and tree willows may be scat- tered or grouped along the margin of water ; and all the creeping or trailing kinds placed on rock work, and left to take their natural shapes. Such species of willow as S. pentandra, S. lucida, and one or two others, from having little of the aspect common to the willow family, and, consequently, their forms not being associated with the idea of moist soil or water, may be placed near a house, or in a shrubbery or flower-garden, on account of their fragrance and early blossoms; but this cannot be recommended with respect to willows in general, which, whether as shrubs or trees, always convey the idea of the vicinity of water or of marshy ground. The great master in the genus .Salix, considered in a botanical point of view, is Professor Koch ; but, in the present state of our knowledge of this genus in Britain, we have deemed it best to follow Mr. Borrer, whose groups have l)een adopted by Sir W. J. Hooker, and almost all other British botanists. Those who wish to study Koch's arrangement will find it given at length in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1486. and 1633., in which is also given the arrange- ment of Hooker. Our descriptions in this abridgement are necessarily exceed- ingly brief, and we must, therefore, refer the reader who wishes to enter into the subject at length to our 1st edition, in which p. 1453. to p. 1636. are occu- pied with the genus 5'alix. In the present edition, through the kindness of Mr. Borrer, we have indicated the jirincipal species which represent each group, immediately after the characteristic feature of that group. Group i. Purpurea: Koch, Borrer. MonandrsE is the name adopted for this group in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. ; but Mr. Borrer considers Purpilrea? preferable, because it is taken, like the name of each of the other groups in this arrange- ment, from the name of a species included in that group. Purpurea;, too, is the name given by Koch to the same group. Oaier Willows, luilh one Stnmen in a Flower: The principal species, according to jNIr. Borrer, are 1. 4. and 6. 1 1 Filament 1, bearing an anther of 4 lobes and 4 cells ; or, in S. rubra, forked, and each branch bearing an anther of 2 lobes and 2 cells. Germen sessile. Catkins very compact. — Trees of low stature, or shrubs with twiggy branches, anil leaves that are more or less lanceolate, and serrated, and often broader u|)wards. Interior part of the bark, in most, yellow, ami very bitter (Hook. Br. Fl.) The leaves of nearly all of the kinds of this group turn black in drying. The inner bark of most of the kinds included in this group is extremely bitter, which renders the plants suitable for banks of rivers, and other places which are infested by rats, as the bitterness prevents these animals from eating it. ^ 1. S. purpu'rea L. The purple Willow. Jdcritificaiion. Lin. Sp. PI., 1444. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 187. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Kjig. Bui., and are in cultivation in some English collections. Synonyme. S. purpilrea Koch Comiii. p. 25. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1318. ; Hayne .-Vbbild., t. 169. ; oxx'cfig. 1433. ; mifg 1. in p. 701. LXVIII. 5ALICA CE^ : SA LIX. 747 Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches trailing, decumbent. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, serrated, very smooth, narrow at the base. Stamen 1. Stigmas very short, ovate, nearly sessile. {Smith.) A shrub. Britain. Height 3 tt. to 4 ft. in a wild state ; 5 ft. in cultivation. Flowers yellow ; March and April ; earlier than the foliage. Varieties. Koch, in his De Salicibus Europais Commentatio, has described six ; but he in.cludes the S. helix and Lamberti««a (to be described as species below) as two of them. See Arb. Brit., 1st edit. Branches of a rich and shining purple, with a somewhat glaucous hue, and much esteemed for the finer sorts of basketwork. puri'urea. ^ t 2. S. HE^Lix L. The Helix, or Rose, Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1444. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 188. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. Synonyines. S. purpurea var. Kock Comm. p. 25.; ? S. oppositiCblia Host Sal. Austr. 1. p. U. t. 38, 3'J. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. ff'ob., and also in Eng. Sot. ; but Mr. Borrer believes that the catkins of female ilowers represented in the latter are those of S. Forbyona : if those of helix, they are much too thick. Mr. Borrer having only seen the male of S. helix, and the female of S. Lamberti^na, is inclined to regard them as the two sexes of one species. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1343., the male plant ; Hayne Abbild., t. 170. ; aadfig. 2. in p. 791 Spec. Char., Sfc, Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen 1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Smith.) A low, upright, deciduous tree. Britain. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; March and April. Branches smooth, polished, of a pale yellowish or purplish ash colour, tough, and pliable; less slender and elongated than those of S. purpurea, though useful for the coarser sorts of basketwork. The branches, which are yellow, antl the mode of growth, which is erect, render this species easily distinguishable from the preceding. The name rose-willow relates to rose- like expansions at the ends of the branches, which are caused by the depo- sition of the egg of a cjnips in the summits of the twigs, in consequence of which they shoot out into numerous leaves, totally different in shape from the other leaves of the tree, and ayanged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose, adhering to the stem even after the others fall off : on this account this is a very desirable species. ^ 3. S. Lambert/^V^ Smith. Lambert's, or the Boyton, Willow. Identification. Smith Eng Fl., 4. p. 190. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. p. 417. Si/nont/me. S. purpClrea/3 Koch Comm. p. 2.5. the Sexes. Both are figured in E>ig. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Mr. Borrer has only seen the female of this, and the male of S. helix, and thinks they are the two sexes o^ one species. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1359. ; Sal. Wob., No. 3. ; a.nAfig. 3. in p. 791. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, smooth ; rounded at the base. Stipules none. Stamen 1. Stigmas ovate, obtuse, notched, very short, nearly sessile. (Smith.) A low tree, of the size and habit of S. helix, but very distinct from it at first sight, particularly in the tender summits of the young growing branches, which, with their purjdish glaucous hue, and some degree of downiness, resemble those of a honeysuckle. as 4. S. Wooi.hG\TilA'NA Borr. Woollgar's Willow. Identification. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Supp., t. 2fi51.; Hook. Brit. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. Si/nonymes. S innnandra Sal. Il'ob. No. 4. ; S. monandra var. Hoffm. Hist. Sal. I. p. 21. t. 1. f. 1. The Seres. The female is figured in Eng. Bot. Supp., and both sexes in Sal. M'ob. ; yet Mr. Borrer, in his elucidation of this kind, published in Eng. Bot. Supp., subsequently to the publication of Sal. IVob., remarks that he is unacquainted with the male flowers. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 4. ; Eng. Bot. Supp., t. 2651. ; audfig. 4. in p. 791. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, serrated, glabrous. Sta- 748 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. men 1. Ovary ovate, very pubescent, sessile, downy. Stigmas nearly sessile, ovate, scarcely emarginate. (Hook.) An erect bush. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. England, about Lewes, Sussex, in hosier holts, but scarcely wild; at Kingston upon Thames, apparently wild. Flowers yellow ; May. A very beautiful species. Sit 5. S. FoRBV^\v^ Smith. Forby's Willow, or the fine Basket Osier. Identification. Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 191. j Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 418. Synonymes. S. fissa J.in. Soc. Trims., not of HofF. (Smith) ; S. riibra /3 Koch Comm. p. 27. The Sexes. The female is described in Enn. Fl., and figured in Eng. Bat. The male is not known. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1344. ; Sal. Wob., No. .5. ; N. Abbild., t. 172. ; andfg. 5. In p. 791. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches erect. Leaves alternate, witli small stipules, lanceo- late-oblong, with shallow serratures, smooth, rounded at the base, glaucous beneath. Stamen 1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Smith.) An erect deciduous shrub. England. Height 3 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow; April. The shoots are slender, smooth, very flexible, and tough ; of a greyish yellow, not purple, hue ; and very valuable for the finer sorts of wickerwork, for basket-making, and for bands foi" tying faggots and packets. 36 i 6. S. RU^BRA Huds. The red, or green-leaved. Willow, or Osier, Identification. Huds. Fl. Angl., p. 428. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 4. p. 191. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 418. Synonymes. The name rubra seems to be originally given to S- vitellina, a reddish [? twigged] variety of which was confounded with S. rijbra Huds. , S. linearis Walker's Essays'p. i67., on the authority of Borrer. The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Fl. ; and the female is figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. JVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1145. ; Sal. Wob., No. 6. , and our Jig. 6. in p. 792. Spec. Char., ^c. Stamens combined below in a manner which affords a cha- racter in which it differs from all other British kinds of willow, except 5. Cvov/edna, and from nearly all the foreign kinds. Mr. Borrer, however, has observed the same thing occasionally in S. fusca, and in several of the Ci- nerese. " Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongate, acute, smooth, with shallow serratures ; green on both sides. Stigmas ovate, undivided." (Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in low meadows and osier holts, as at Maidenhead, &c., but rare ; in Scotland, frequent in hedges and osier grounds. Height J 0 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; May and April. One of the most valuable osiers in cultivation, for bands, crates, basketvrork or wickerwork, and even small hoops. Group ii. Acutifolice Borrer. {Syn. Pruinosne Koch.) Willows tvith dark Bark, covered tvith a fine Bloom. Principal species, 7, 8. W J Stamens 2, distinct. — Tall shrubs, or becoming trees. Bark of the branches and shoots of a dark colour ; that of the branches suffused with a whitish matter, which is the cliaracter imjjlied by Koch's term Pruin6s;e. This matter is easily rubbed off. Tiie bark is internally yellow, as in Group i. Foliage of a lively green. Leaves lanceolate, acuminately pointed, serrate, glossy ; in many instances, downy when young, subsequently glabrous. Ovary and capsule sessile, or nearly so. stt '± 1, S. ACUTiFO^LiA Willd. The pointed-leaved Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI,, 4. p. G6S. ; Koch Comm., p. 22. Si/noni/me. S. tiiolacea Andr. Bot. Rep. t. .581. ; but not S. jJiolacea Willd., nor the S. c6spica Horl. ' (n'illd.) The Seres. The male is figured in Sal. Wob., and is, perhaps, the only one cultivated in British collections. Koch has implied that the female was unknown to him in any state. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., 581. ; Sat. Wob., No. 25. ; and our^^. 25. in p. 794. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, with blunt unequal serratures, glaucous beneath. Catkins of the male about 1 in. long. (Willd.) A small tree. Podolia. Height 10ft. to 15 ft. I^itroduced i Lxvin. salica'ce^ : ^a^lix, 749 previously to 1810. Flowers yellow ; March and April, before the ex- pansion of ihe leaves. Branches dark violet-coloured, slender, upright, and covered all over with a whitish powder, like the bloom of a plum. A very beautiful species. i 8. S. DAPHNoiDES Villars. The Daphne-like Willow. Identification. Vill. Daupli., 3. p. 7fi5. ; Koch Comm., p. 23. Syiionymes. S. pra'^cox Huppe in Sturm D. Fl. I. 25. ; S. bigemmis Hojfm. Germ. 2. p. 260. ; S. cineiea Host Sal. Auslr. 1. p. 8. t. 2G, 27. Mr. Borrer, in a letter, has remarked that Smith has erroneously cited, in his Flora Brit., S. daphnoides Villars as a synonyme of S. cinerea Smith ; and that this has led Koch to cite S. cinurea Smith as a synonyme of S. daphnoides Villars. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and in Host Sal. Austr. Eiinravitigs. Vill. Dauph., 3. t. 50. f. 7. V or 3. t. 5. f. 2. ; Host Sal. Aust., 1. t. 26, 27. ; our fig. 1434. in p. 750. ; seaijig. 2C. in p. 796. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves, broadly lanceolate, and pointed, with glandular ser- ratures, smooth, glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing before the leaves. Ovary sessile, ovate, smooth. Style elongated. (FUl.) A rapid-growing tree, with dark greyish branches, slightly covered with a powder, or bloom, similar to that of >S'. acutifolia ; the branches ascending obliquely. Swit- zerland and the South of France. Height 25 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow, from large crimson buds in February. A very ornamental species, as appears by the engraving in the following page. 2^ 9. 1*?. pomera'nica Willd. The Pomeranian Willow. Identification. Willd. Enum. Supp., 66. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 153. Synonyme. S. daphnoides Villars, var. with narrower leaves, and more slender catkins. (Koch Coiiii/i.p. 23.) Mr. Borrer, in his manuscript list of grouped species, has indicated it as being probably a variety of S. daphnoides. I The Sexes. The female is described in 5a/. Wob. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at both extremities, serrated ; smooth and shining above, glaucous underneath. Stipules ovate, serrated; their margins generally revohite. Catkins about 1 in. long. Ovary ovate, smooth. Style longer than the parted stigmas. (JVil/d.) A rapid-growing tree. Pomerania, Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers yellow ; February and March. The branches are long, smooth, round, shining, and copiously covered with i small yellow dots : the preceding year's shoots are covered with a violet- coloured powder, similar to that on the shoots of S. acutifolia. Group iii. TriandriE Borrer. {Syn. ^mygdalinge Koch.) Osier Willoius,ivith three Stamens in a Floiver. Prin. sp. 14, 15. il J . Stamens 3 Leaves lanceolate, approaching to ovate, serrated, glabrous' ', having large, rounded, toothed, more or less deciduous, stipules. Flowers i loosely di.'iposed in the catkin. Pistil stalked. Ovary mostly glabrous. — j Most of the kinds constitute excellent osiers, and become trees if left to themselves. (Hook.) The kinds may be denominated, generally, the osiers , with 3 stamens in a flower. Most, or all, when in the state of larger shrubs and trees, have their older bark exfoliated in broad patches, as in f latanus . occidentalis L. and P. orientalis L. Most, or all, are ornamental as shrubs, i lor their lanceolate, glossy, serrated leaves, and their flowers. tSf Si 10. S. undulaVa Iu>c/i, Hooker. The wavy-leaved Willow. Wentification. Koch Coram., p. 211 ; Hook. Fl. Br., ed. 3., p. 419. ; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 220. \Synony)iies. Koch has cited as identical with, or included in, S. undulata- the following kinds: — ^n' ""'^"^^ta Ehrh. ; S. lanceolata Smith. iTke Sexes. The female is figured in £ng. Bot., t. 1436. ; and is described in Eng. Fl. ^Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1436. ; our fig. 1435. ; Aiidfigs. 13. and 14. in p. 793. ^Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate through much of their j length, serrulate at the tip, and minutely crenulate at the base ; at first iSO ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM 1454. S- Japhni'itle; LXVIII. i'ALICA^CE^ : ^A^LIX. 751 1435. S. undulata. } Tjbescent, but becoming glabrous ; wavy at the edge, or not. Stipules half-heart-shaped. Catkin peduncled upon a leaft' twiglet. Bractea bearded at the tip. Stamens 3. Capsule ovate-conical, more or less pubescent or gla- brous, stalked ; the stalk twice the length of the gland. Style elongated. Stigmas bifid. (Koch.) A bushy tree. Germany and England, on the banks of streams. Height 12ft. to 1.5 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Varieties, 'f ■& ^. u. 2. S. undulata Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 13. 5" 34 S. u. 3. .S'. lanceolata Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1436., En- broiis. Stigmas nearly sessHe. Bractea (or scale) clothed externally with fine, long, sjjreading, more or less plentiful hairs. Bractea glabrous. (Hook, and Smith.) An upright tree. Britain, in wet woods and osier grounds. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Leaves always perfectly glabrous. E.vtensively cultivated for the long tough rods which it produces when cut down, which are in frequent use for wickerwork, hoops, &c. Varieties. ■M S. /. 2 gdliica. The French Willow. — So called, and cultivated, in Sussex, and the eastern parts of England. S S. ^. 3 Hoppehna,. S. androgyna Hoppe. — Characterised by having some catkins composed partly of male and partly of female flowers. It S. <. 4. A', triiindra undulata Mcrtens, incd. — Aj)proaches to S. amygdalina. ^ 'i 13. S. HoFFMA.NN/.^\v.4 Smith. Hoffmann's Willow, or Osier. Identification. Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 168. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420. Synonyme. S. triandra Hqff'nt., S. Hoffinanni(i«a Sm., seems to te the S. triandra of German bo- tanists in general. The Seres. The male is figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. and in Sal. Woh. ; a notice relative to %vhat has been regarded as the female is given in Eng. Flora. Engravings. Hoff. Sal., 1. t. 9, 10., and 23. f. 2.; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2620. ; and/g. 16. in p. 794. Spec. C/iar.,-Si-c. Leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, smooth, slightly rounded at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary stalked, ovate, compressed, glabrous. Stig- mas nearly sessile. (Smith.) A much-bi-anched deciduous shrub, or crooked tree. Britain, in Sussex, on the sides of streams. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft- Flowers yellow ; May. ± 14. S. ^jiygda'lina L. The A\mond-Ienved Willow, or Osier. Identification. Lin. Sp PI., 1443. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 169. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420. Synonyme. S. «mygdalina, part of, KocJt Comm. p. 18. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot. and Scfl. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1636. ; Sal. Wob., No. 18.; our fig. 1437- ; andfig. 18. in p. 794. Spec. Char., Sfc, Leaves ovate, serrated, glabrous, rounded, and unequal at i the base. Stamens 3. Ovary ovate, compressed, smooth ; its stalks almost as long as the bractea. Stigmas nearly sessile. Young branches furrowed, j Down of the seeds siiorter, and less abundant, than in S. triandra. A tree. Britain; on the banks of rivers and ditches. Height 20ft. to 30 ft.! Flowers yellow ; April and May, and, for the second time, in August. 3: 15. S. ViLL.\Rs/.i\Y^ Fliigge et Willd. Villars's Willow, or Osier. No. 63. Identification. Fliigge in Litt., quoted in Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 655. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl Synonymcs. S. triandra I'iltms Dctpli. 3. p. 762. ; S. nravgdalina var. KocU Comm. p. I9. The Sexes. Both sexes are described by Willd. ; and the'male is figured in Sal. Hob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 17.; ixndfig. 17- in p. 794. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves elliptical, rounded at the base, pointed at the tij), serrated, whitely glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing with the leaves.j Flowers triandrous. Ovary pedicellated, ovate, smooth. Stigmas sessile. (Willd.) A shrub, with dark violet-coloured, .-.hining branches. DauphincI Introduced in 1818. Height 5 ft. to 14 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. { Ornamental from its abundant blossoms in eaily spring, and from its re] markably neat serrated leaves. (See Jig. 17. in p. 794.) ' i»ii M I i LXVIII. SMACA^CEIE : SaYiX. "53 1437. 5. amysdiiUna. 754 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Group iv. PentandrcE Borrer. Trees having Flowers with 3 — 5 Stmnens. Prin, sp. 16, 17, and 18. m Stamens in a flower more than 3, in most instances 3. Ovary glabrous. — The plants trees of moderate size. Leaves large, glossy, fragrant, serrated, and. having glands in the serratures, from which a resin exudes. Stamens in each catkin so numerous and long, as to render the flowers, which, too, are in perfection at the same time as the foliage, quite handsome, and the trees, in this condition, more ornamental than those of any other group. (Hook.) 3? 16. S. penta'ndra L. The fwe-^iamened-Jlowered "Willow. Identification. Lin. .Sp. PI., 1442. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 171. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3,, p. 420. Synonymes. S. pentandra: part of, Koch Comm. p. 13. ; the sweet Willow, or Bay-leaved Willow. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Hob. and Hayne's Abbild., and the male in Eng Bat., with two views of an ovary. Engravings. Kng. Bot., t. 1805. ; Host Austr., 1. t. 1. f. 2. ; our.^g-. 1438. ; anifig. 34. in p. 79S. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, pointed, crenate, glandular, glabrous. Foot- stalks glandular at the summit. Stamens 3 or more, hairy at the base. Ovary ovate, tapering, smooth, nearly sessile. (Sal. Wob.) An upright tree. Britain, on the banks of rivers and in watery places. Height 18 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; June. The flowers are remarkably fragrant, as are the leaves, especially when bruised : the fragrance, which is similar to that of the sweet bay (iaurus nobihs), but less powerful, is exuded from the resinous crena- tures of the leaves, and from the barren catkins. It is one of the most desirable species of the genus for planting in pleasure-grounds, on account of the fine display made by the blossoms, their profusion, their abundant fragrance, the smooth, shining, rich deep green of the leaves, and the comparatively slow growth and compact habit of the tree. ^ Varief^, S S. p. 2 hermajihrodttica. — Catkins more or less hermaphrodite. 3f 17. 5'. M.^\^RIA'NA Willd. Meyer's Willow. Identification. Willd. Berl. Baumz., p. 427. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 421. Synonyines. S. cuspidata Sclmltx ; S. tinctCiria Smith ; S. pentindra /8 Linn. ; S. hexandra Ehrh ; S. Ehrhart^ana Smith ; S. tetrandra Willd. The Sexes. The male is figured in Hayne's Abbild. The female is mentioned in Koch Comm., and Hooker's Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 421. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 1G2. ; omfig. 1439. ; audfig. 33. in p. 798. S2)er. Cliar., ^c. Leaves ovate-elliptic, pointed, glabrous ; green and shining above, rather pale beneath but not glaucous : serrated ; the serratures of the young leaves glandular. Stipules soon falling off. Stamens .3 — 4-. Bractea obtuse, yellow. (Willd.) A handsome tree, with brownish smooth branches, and large broad shining leaves. Pomerania and Sweden, in meadows, and woody and marshy places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duceil in 1822. Flowers yellow ; April. Mr. Borrer states that the insertion of this kind in Hook. Br. FL, ed. 3., as a native of Britain, arose from a mistake of his. (See Borrer in Comp. to Bot. Mag., p. 223.) *t 18. S. Lu'ciDA Miihlenb. The shinmg-leaved Willow. Identification. Miihlenb. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. p. 239. t. 6. f. 1.; Fursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 615. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 81. S)ino7iyme. S. Forbds/i Sweet llort. Brit. ed. 1830. 1438. S. pentandia. 9 r * LXVIII. 5ALICA CEyE : SA LIX. 755 M39. S. MtyeTltlita. 3 c' 2 756 ARBORETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I MO. S. licida. The flexes. Tho male is figured in So/. HoJ., and noticed in our specific character. Engrnvin^s. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. t. 6. f. 7. ; Miclix. North Amer. Sylva, 3. t. 125. f. 3. ; OUT fig. 1440. ; sad fig. 32. in p. 798. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrated, glabrous ; shining above, pale beneath ; the serratures resinous. Footstalks glandular. Stipules large, half-heart-shaped, serrated, and furnished with glands. Catkins of the male 1^ in. long, or more. Stamens 3 — 5, bearded at the base. {Sal. LXVIII. .SALICA CEiE : ^-A LIX. 757 IVob.) A handsome low-growing tree, with the branches of the preceding year of a greyish green colour and smooth, and the young twigs of a yellowish green, somewhat striated or angular at the points. Switzerland, and, perhaps, North America. Introduced in 1812. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Group V. Fragiles Borrer. Trees, with their Twigs mostly brittle at the Joints. Prin. sp. 19. 22. and 24. ^ Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous, elongated, seated upon a more or less obvious stalk. Flowers very loosely disposed in the catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous, stipuled. The plants, trees of considerable size. (Hook. Br. FL, ed. 2., adapted.) S 19. »?. babylo'nica. The Babylonian, or M/eepiwg, Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1443. ; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 42. ; Koch Comm., p. 17. Synonymes. S. propendens Sering. Sal. Hel. p. 73. ; S. orientilis, &c., Tourn. ; S. ar&bica, &c., C. Baiih. ; Saule pleureur. Parasol du grand Seigneur, Fr. ; Trauer Weide, Thranen Weide, Ger. The Sexes. The female is figured in Sal. IVob. ; the male is not known, in a living state, in Britain ; unless it be S. b. Napolebna, as suggested in p. 768. Engrazn'ngs. Rauw. It, 25. 183. ; our Jig. 22. in p. 795. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^. 1441. '1^. IIU. S. babyldnica. Sj}cc. Char., ^c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrated, glabrous , glaucous beneath. Catkins protruded at the same time as the leaves. Ovary ovate, sessile, glabrous. (IVi/ld.) A pendulous-branched tree. Asia, on the banks ot the Euphrates, near Babylon, whence its name ; and also 3c 3 758 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of China, and other parts of Asia ; and of Egypt, and other parts of the North of Africa. Height 39 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1 730, or, perhaps, 1692. Flowers greenish yellow ; May, Varieties. There is one very decided variety, commonly treated as a species under the name of S. annularis ; and Mr, Castles of the Twickenham Bo- tanic Garden is of opinion that, exclusive of this variety, there are two forms of the species in the country, one of which he thinks may possibly be the male plant. This form, as it appears to be the same as the plant sent from St. Helena, we shall, till something further has been decided respecting it, call tS". b. Napoleona. The varieties will, therefore, stand as under : — 3^ S. 6. 1 vulgaris fcem. Hort. — Young shoots pale green, slender, with an angular twist above the axil of each leaf, and large stipules. It is the most common weeping willow in the neighbourhood of Lon- don, and flowers in June. t S. b. 2 Napoleon-d Hort. — Shoots round, generally reddish, and the leaves without stipules. Sex female. Probably nothing more than the common variety. Introduced from St. Helena in V 1823. 5 S. b. 3 crispa Hort, S. annularis Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 21,, 1442. S. b. crispa, with a fig, of the female ; the Ring-leaved Willow. Oixr fig. 21, in p. 794, ; and the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and OUT fig. 1442. — Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, curled or twisted, glabrous, and glaucous beneath. A well-known ornamental tree in universal cultivation. I 1" 5? 20. S. DECi'piENS Hoffm. The deceptive. White Welsh, or varnished, Willow, Identification. Hoff. Sal., 2. p. 2. t. 31. ; Ens. Fl., 4. p. 184. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Si/tioni/mes. S. amerina Wn/ker hssays o?t Nat. Hist. ; S. fragilis, part of. Koch Comvi. p. 15. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Fl. ; the male is figured in £ng. Bol. and Sal. ii'ob. Engravings. Hoffm. Sal, 2. t. 31. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1937. ; oxirjig. 1443. ; and/g. 29. p. 797. SjK^c. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrated, very smooth ; floral Si LXVIII. 5ALICA CEiE : SA LIX. 759 ones partly obovate and recurved. Footstalks some- what glandular. Ovary tapering, stalked, smooth. Style longer than the cloven stigmas. Branches sniootli, highly polished. (Hvjfm.) An upright, but not lofty tree, distinguished by the smooth clay- •oloured bark of the last year's branches, which shine like porcelain, as if varnished ; the shoots of the present year being stained of a fine red or crimson. Britain, 'Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Frequently cultivated for basketwork ; but it well de- serves a place in ornamental plantations, from the re- markable appearance of its bark during winter. J 21. S. monta'na Forbes, the Mountain Willow (fg. 19. in p. 794.), is do- scribed in our first edition, p. 1515. 1 22. .S". fra''gilis L. The brittle-twigged, or Crack, Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI, 1443. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 1804. ; Hook. Br. FJ., ed. 3., p. 421. Synonipne. S. frSgilis, in part, Kock Conim. p. 15. T/ie Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Etig. Bot. and Sal. Wub. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., No. 349. t. 8. 1. b. ; Eng. Bot., t 1807. ; the plate of this tree In Arb, Brit., 1st edit. ; and our jig, 1444. 1443. S. decipiens. 1444. S. fr4gUis. Spec. Char., S,-c., Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated throughout, very glabrous. Footstalks glandular. Ovary ovate, abrupt, nearly sessile, gla- brous. Bracteas oblong, about equal to the stamens and pistils. Stigmas cloven, longer than the style. {Smith.') A tall bush3'-headed tree, with the branches set on obliquely, somewhat crossing each other, not continued in a straight line outwards from the trunk ; by which character. Sir J. E. Smith observes, it may readily be distinguished even in winter. Britain ; common in hedges. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. 3c 4 760 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The branches are round, very smooth, " and so brittle at the base, in spring, that with the slightest blow they start from the trunk ; " whence the name of crack willow : though, according to Sir J. E. Smith, this is more or less the case with i.^. decipiens, and several other species of willows, both native and exotic. t 23. S. monspelie'nsis Forbes (Jig. 30. in p. 797.), the Montpelier Willow, is described in our 1st edit., p. 1517. 7 1 24. S. Russell/^ W^ Smith. The Russell, or Duhe of Bedford's, Willow. ' Identification. Eng. Fl., 4. p. 186. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed 3., p. 422. Synonymes. ? S. fr&gilis iVoodv. ; the Dishley, or Leicestershire, Willow ; in some counties, the Huntingdon Willow. S. pendula Scr. ; S. vfridis Fries ; 5. rClbens Schrank. The Sexes. The female is figured in Ettg. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Smith, in the Eng. Fl., states that he had not seen tlie flowers of the male. Dr. Johnston, in his Flora of Berwick upon Tweed, states that a male tree, which he has deemed of this species, is in " New-water-haugh Plantation." Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1808. ; our Jig. 144.5. ; and Jig. 28. in p. 796. f mm mS. S. RusscllUno. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at each end, serrated throughout, very glabrous. Footstalks glandular or leafy. Ovary tapering, stalked, longer than the bracteas. Style as long as the stigmas. {Smith.) A large handsome tree. Britain, in marshy woods. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Flowers yellowish ; April and May. i LXVIII. 5ALICA CE^ : SA LIX. 761 " he branches are long, straight, and slender, not angular in their insertion .ike those of S. fragilis ; and the trees of both species, when stripped of their leaves, may be distinguished respectively by these marks. The cele- brated willow at Lichfield, called Johnson's Willow, of which two portraits are given in our first edition, together with the history of the tree, was of this species. ¥ 25. S. FvnsHTA^NA Borrer, Pursh's Willow, is described in our first edition, p. 1322. Group vi. A'lbcB Borrer. Trees of the largest Size, with the Foliage whitish. Prin. sp. 26. and 27. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated with glanded scrratures ; hairy, espe- cially while young, with appressed silky hairs, which give to the foliage a light or whitish hue. — Plants trees of considerable height. (Hook.) t 26. S. a'lba L. The whitish -leaved, or common white. Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. Fl., 1449. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 231. ; Hook. Br. F!., ed. 3. Synont/mes. S. alba, part of, Koch Comiii. p. 16. ; the Huntingdon, or .Swallow-tailed, Willo-.v. T/ie Se.res. Both are described in £ng. Fl., and both figured in Ens;. Bot. En»ravings. Eng. Hot., t. 2430. ; Host Sal. Aust., 1. t. 32, 33.; the plates of this tree in Aib. Brit., 1st edit., vol. rii. ; and owrfigs. 1446, 1447. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, silky on both sides ; the lowest serratures glandular. Stamens hairy. Germen smooth, almost sessile. Stigmas deeply cloven. Scales notched. (Smith.') A large tree. Norway and Sweden, to the Mediterranean Sea ; North-East and West of Asia; and introduced into the L'nited States. Frequent in Britain, and also in Ireland. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers yellov,/; May. Varieties, 3f S. a. 2 ccBridea. iS. alba var. Smith Fl. Brit. p. 1072.; S. CEeriilea Svtith Eng. Bot. t.2431. ; S. alba /3 Smith Eng. Fl. iv. p.23L; the upland, or red-tinged, Willow, Pontey Profit. Planter, 4th ed., 1814, p. 72.; the Leicester Willow, Davy's Agricultural Chemistry, 1st ed. ; Blue Willow, Smith ; and o\x\- fig. 137. in p. 817. 2 S. ff. 3 ai&pa Hoit. — Leaves narrow, contorted and silky. t S. a. 4 \-bsea Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Aspect reddish. Li the North of Europe, the bark of this tree is used for tanning leather, and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon colour ; and the leaves and young shoots are given to cattle in a green state, or dried like the twigs of the birch, and laid up for winter fotlder. The inner bark, like that of Scotch pine, being kihi-dried, and ground into a fine fiour, is mixed with oatmeal, and made into bread, in seasons of great scarcity, by the inhabitants of Norway and Kamtschatka. The branches of the tree are used as stakes, poles, handles to rakes, hoes, and other implements, and as faggot-wood for fuel. The timber of the trunk is used for various purposes. It weighs, in a green state, 70 lb. 9 oz. per cubic foot ; half-dry, 51 lb. 14 oz. ; and quite dry, 32 lb. 12 oz.; so as to lose more than one half of its weight by drying, during which it loses a sixteenth part of its bulk. It is found an excellent lining for stone-carts, barrows, &c. It is used in turnerj', millwork, coopery, weather- hoarding, &C. ; and the stronger shoots and poles serve for making hoops, han- dles to hay-rakes, clothes-props (see fig. 169. Encyc. ofCott. Arch.), and various other instruments and implements ; and tiie twigs are employed in wicker- work. The bark, which is thick and full of cracks,' is in nearly as great repute •G2 ARBOIIETUIVI ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. 1447. Sulix ;,lba, for tanning as that of the oak ; and it is alt^o used in medicine, in the curej of agues, as a substitute for cinchcna ; tliongh it is inferior for both pur- poses to that of S. 'RnsseWiuna. As fuel, the wood of this tree is to that of the beech as 808 is to 1340; but the old bark makes a very useful fuel ; and, both it and the wood will burn when green, in which state the wood is said I to give out most heat. The charcoal is excellent for use in the manufacture of gunpowder, and for crayons. The ashes are very rich in alkali, containing more than a tenth part of their weight of that salt. In France, a fine blood-: red colour is obtained from the bark ; and that of the young tree is used iiii the preparation of leatiier for making gloves. j It is justly remarked by Mr. Gorrie, that it adds much to the value of the Shlix alba, that its pro[)agatiou and culture are of the most simple description,: and that it will grow luxuriantly in most soils where other trees make butl slow progress. According to Sang, it will thrive well in high and dry I "■■•'isi. II LXVIII. ^-ALICA CE^ : SA LIX. 763 grounds; and, if planted in the grove manner, in tolerably good soil, perhaps no other plantation, except larches, would give so quick a return for the trouble and expense of planting. ^ 27. S. viTELLi^NA L. The yolk-of-egg-coloured, oi- ydlow. Willow, or Golden Osier. Idenltflcalion. I.in. Sp. PL, 1442. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 182. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 423. Synoni/mc. S. alba Koch Comm. p. 16. The S'fxcs. Both sexes are figmed in Ens- Hot., Sal. Wob., and Host Sal. Aunt. Ensiravings. Hoffm. Sal., t. 11, 12, and 24. f. 1. ; Host. Sal. Aust., t. 30, 31. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1389. ; the plate of Uii.s tree in Arb.TJvit., 1st edit. ; Sal. Wob., No. 20. ; and/g. 20. in p. 784. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, acute, with cartilaginous serratures ; glabrous above ; glaucous and somewhat silky beneath. Stipules minute, lanceolate, deciduous, smooth. Ovary sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth, Bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute, fringed at the base, longer than the pistil. (Smith.) A large tree. Britain, in hedges, and cultivated in osier grounds in many places ; and readily distinguished from all the other sorts, by the bright yellow colour of its branches. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Flowers yellow; May. As an ornamental tree, Salix vitellina is very striking in the winter season, especially among evergreens. Asa shrub, it is not less so, both among ever- green shrubs and deciduous kinds, having the bark of conspicuous colours. In the English garden at Munich, extensive masses of this willow are placed in contrast with masses of the white-barked honeysuckle (Lonicera Xylosteum), the red-barked dogwood (Cornus alba), and the brown-barked spiraea (5'pi- rte'a opulifolia). Group vii. NigrcE. E.vira- European Kinds allied to the Kinds of one or all of the three preceding Groups. Prin. sp. 28. i Of the willows of Europe Koch has associated the kinds of Mr. Borrer's groups Pentandros, Fragiles, and A'lbas into one group, which he has named Fragiles ; and he has pointed out and described, as extra-European kinds belonging to it, S. occidentalis Bosc, S. nigra Miihl., S. babylonica L., S. octandra Sicber, and S. Humboldtiana Willd. Mr. Borrer has included .S'. babylonica L. in his group Fragiles. The rest are here collected in a group by themselves, to which is added S. /igustrina Michx. jun., from the notice by Mr. Forbes, and also by Michaux, that it is similar to S. nigra. t 28. S. ni'gra Miihlenb. The black, or dark-branched American, Willow. Identification. Muhlenb. in Nov. Act. See. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. p. 2.37. t. 4. f. 5. ; Pursh Fl Amer. Sept., 2. p. 614. Synonymes. S. caroliniana Mickx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 226. ; S. pentandra Walt. Fl. Car. 243. ; S. -vulgaris Clai/t. Fl. Virg. The Sexes. Both sexes are noticed in the specific character. Willdenow had seen the male alive, and both sexes in a dried state. Engmiiings. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. t. 4. f. 5. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl, 3. t. 125. f. 1. without flowers ; andf-g. 152. in p. 818. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, green on both sides, glabrous, except a downy rib and foot- stalk. Catkins accompanying the leaves, villous. Stamens about 5, bearded at the base. Ovary stalked, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Stigmas divided, the length of the style. {Sal. Wob.) A tree, with smooth branches, brittle at the base. Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the banks of rivers. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow ; May. a, S. nigra. 1 HS. b, S. /igustrina. 764 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Mr, Forbes observes that S. /igustrina of Michaux differs principally from S. nigni in its larger stipules, which resemble, as well as the leaves, those of S. triandra. (Sal, Wub., p. 28.) In Jig. 1448. a shows S. nigra, b S. /igustrina. ^ 29. S. HvMBOi.D'r lA'NA Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 8. ; and fig. 8. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition. Sk? It 30. S. BoNPLAND/^W."/ Humb. et Bonpl. (Sal. Wob., t. 9. ; and Jig. 9. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition. Group viii. Vrinoldes Borrer. Shrubs, mostly Natives of North Anicrica, and used in Basket-making. Prin. sp. 32. and 33. L. Kinds all, or all but S. conformis Forbes, natives of North America. The kinds which Mr. Borrer has placed in this group are S. rigida M'tihl., S. y^rinoides Pursh, and 5. conformis Forbes. To these S. discolor Willd. and S. angustata Pursh have been added, from their resemblance to S. jm- ndides. ^ 31. S. ri'gida Muhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 141., a leaf; and fg. 141. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. Sk $ 32. S. Prinoi'des Pursh. The Prinos-like Willow. Identification . Pursh Fl. Atner. Sept., 2. p. 613. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 26. The Sexes. The female is figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 40. ; our fig. 1449. ; and fig. 40. in p. 800. Sj^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, acute, with i^\ distant wavy serratures ; glabrous above, glau- cous beneath. Stipules half-heart-shaped, deeply toothed. Catkins villous, protruded before the leaves. Ovary stalked, ovate, pointed, silliy. Style elongated. Stigmas cloven. (Pursh.) A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the banks of rivers. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow; March and April. a 33. S. Di'scoLOR Muhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 147., a leaf; and our^. 147. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ^ 34. S. angusta'ta Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 113.) is described in our first edition. St 35. S. confo'rmis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 24.; and j%. 24. in p. 795.) is described in our first edition. 1449. S. prinSides. Grou[) ix. Grisece Borrer. Chiejiy Shrubs, Natives of North America. Prin. sp. 40. and 43. M LI Most of the kinds are natives of North America, S. MiihlenbtTg?ff«« WiM. IXVIII. ^ALICA CEjE : ^-A LIX. 765 S. cordata Miik/enh., S. falcata Pursh, and S. tristis Ait., are additions to the kinds which Mr. Borrer has placed in this grou|). With regard to S. reflexa Forbes, S. virgata ? Forbes, and S. L}6n» ? Schl., included in it by Mr. Borrer, he remarks, " I am unacquainted with these, and have, perhaps, placed them in the wrong group." a 36. S. vire'scens Forbes. The greemsh-leaved Willow, or verdant Osier. Identijicalion. Forbes in Sal. Woh., No. 7. Synoni/me. Mr. Forbes received the kind from Messrs. Loddlges, under the name S. Aippo- p!iael6Iia, but has substituted the specific name of virescens, as being one more descriptive of the plant. The Sixes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob , No. 7. ; our^o-. 1450. ; andj^o-. 7. in p. 792. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, acute, smooth, green on both sides. Ovary ovate-lanceolate, scarcely downy. Style divided. Stigmas parted. Stipules none. (Forbes.) An upright shrub. Switzerland. Height 8 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April, uso. s.vWscens. at 37. S. refle'xa Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 94. ; and our /g. 94'. in p.807.) is described in our first edition. J* 38. S. virga'ta Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 12., without flowers ; and our /g. 12. in p. 793.) is described in our first edition. ^ 39, S. Lyo'n// ? Schl. (Sal. Wob., No. 10., without flowers ; and our /g, 10. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition, ! J* 40. S. HovsTOti lA^NA Pursh. Houston's Willow. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 634. ; Smith in Eees's Cyclo., No. 43. Synovyme. S. tristis I.odd. Cat. ed. 1836. The Sexes. The male is described in Pursh's specific character, and the female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 11. ; and^g-. 11. in p. 792. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, and very finely serrated, glabrous, shilling, and green on both sides. Stipules none. Catkins accompanying the leaves, cylindrical, villous. Bracteas ovate, acute. Stamens 3 to 5, i bearded half-way up. Branches extremely brittle at the base. (Pursh.) \ A low-growing shrub, with slender, roundish, smooth, yellowish branches, i Virginia and Carolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow : May and June. i * 41. S. falca'ta Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 148., a leaf; and our Jig. 148. I in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ! s 42. 5. GRi'sEA Wi/ld. (Ann. of Bot., 2, t. 5. f. 8.) is described in our first ' edition. "if ^ 43. S. petiola'ris Sniitk. The /o?zg-petiolated Willow. ^Identification. Smith in Lin. Soc. Trans., fi. p. 122. pynonymes. S. grlsea IVilld. var. /3 subglabriita Koch Comm. p. 21. note *. Koch regards the 5. petiolaris Smith as a var, of S. grisea : and it probably is so. {Borrer in a letter.) The Sexes. The female is figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Smith observes that he " knows ) notliing of the male plant." {Eng. Fl.) Mr. Borrer had formerly both sexes growing at Henfield, \ having received the male from Mr G. Anderson, but at present he has the female only. ( W. B ) Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1147. ; Sal. Wob., No. 23. ; our^^. 1451. ; aadfig. 23. in p. 795. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous ; glaucous beneath, somewhat unequal at the base. Stipules lunate, toothed. ! Catkins lax. Bracteas hairy, shorter than the stalks of i the ovate silky ovaries. Stigmas divided, sessile, (Smith.) j A bushy tree, with slender, spreading, flexible, smooth, I purplish or dark brown branches. Scotland, in Angus- shire and other places. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers I yellow ; April and May. " ^^H'"' '■i" i Easily known from every other species, by its short obtuse [atkins, and long dark leaves. After gathering, the young ;i5i. s. peiioiiris. 766 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ■ » il leaves especially exhale a strong scent, not unlike the flavour of bitter almonds, but less agreeable. '^ 44. S. pennsylva'nica Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 95. ; and our_;?g. 95. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. J: 45. S. MUHLENBERG7^\v^ Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 145. ; and our Jig. 145. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ^46. ,5. TRi'sTis Ait. (Sal. Wob., No. 150., a leaf; and our /g. 150. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. a^ 47. S. corda'ta Muhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 142., a leaf; and om fig, 142. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. Group X. ^osmarinifblicE Borrer. how Shrubs, ivith narrow Leaves. Prin. sp. 48. ..sc^ju^f^. .^iik. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary silky, stalked. Catkins short. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, or toothed with extremely minute glanded teeth. — Plants small upright shrubs. (Hook.) ^ 48. S. iJOSMARiNiFo'LiA L. The Rosemary-leaved Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1448. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 214. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 423. ' Synonyme. S. f osmarinif&lia, part of, Koch Comm. p. 49. The Sexes. Both are described in Willd. Sp. PI., and figured in Uayne Ahhild. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1365. ; Sal. Wob., No. 87. ; onx fig. 1452. ; and^'g. 87. in p. 806. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, silky, quite entire, or with a few very minute glanded teeth, especially the young leaves. Catkins shortly oblong, curved, lax. Ovaries stalked, silky, lanceolate-acuminate. Style about as long as the linear divided stigmas. Bracteas siiort, villous. (Hook.) A slender upright shrub. Sweden, Germany, and the northern parts of Britain. Height 2 ft. to 5 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. 1452. s. rosmarinifoib. -t* jk 49. S. angustifo'lia Borrer, Hooker, ? Wulf. The narrow-leaved Willow. Identification. Borrer and Hooli . in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 417. ; V Wulf. in Jacq. Coll., 3. 48. Si/7ionymes. S. arbiiscula Si/iith Fl. Brit. p. 1050. ; S. rosmarinifblia a, Koch Comm. p. 49. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. Flora, and figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1366. ; Sal. Wob., t. 86. ; omfig. 14.53. ; and fig. 86. in p. 806. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, with minute glandular teeth ; the young leaves silky ; glau- cous beneath. Catkins ovate, erect. Ovaries ovate-acumi- nate, densely silky, stalked. Style about as long as the ^^ broad, erect, entire stigmas. Bracteas very villous, nearly as long as the young ovaries. (Hook.) A low shrub. Scot- land, on the Clova Mountains, and also near Dumfries. Height 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. -* 50. S. dlcu'mbens Forbes (Sal. Wob., No 88.; and fig. 88. in p.806. is described in our first edition. as 51. S. fusca'ta Fursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 8. p. 612.) is described inj our first edition. I. Lxviii. ^ALiCA^CE^ : sa'jax. 767 Group xi. Fmccc Borrer Mobily procumbent Shrubs. Prin. sp. 52 and 53. ^=.^ L^ Stamens 2 to a flower, as far as to the kinds whose male flowers have been observed. Ovary silky, stalked. Catkins ovate or cj'lindrical. Leaves between elliptical and lanceolate; mostl}' silky beneath ; nearly entire. — Plants small shrubs. Stem, in most, procumbent. S. fusca L., Hooker, var. 1., and iS'. Donir/Ha Smith, have a likeness in aspect to the kinds of the group Purpurete, except S. rulira Huds. (^Hook.) J: 52. S. Fu'scA L. The brown Willow. Identification. Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 417. ; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 242. Synomjmes. S. repens Hook. Fl. Scot. 1. p. 284. ; S. repens Kock, part of, Koch Comm. p. 47. the Sexes. The female is figured in Hayne Abbild., if the 5. fusca of that work is the S. fusca L. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 184. ; Sal. Wob. ; and our^^. 83. in p. 806. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems more or less procumbent. Leaves elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, acute; entire, or serrated with minute glanded serra- tures ; somewhat downy; glaucous, and generally very silky beneath. Ovary lanceolate, very silky, seated upon a long stalk. Stigmas bifid. (Hook:) A decumbent shrub. Britain, on heaths. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Stamens yellow ; May. Varieties. jit S. f. I vulgaris. S. f. var. a Honk. Br. Ft. ed. 2. ; S. fusca Sniiih Eng. Bot. t. I960., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 83. ; S. repens Koc/i fi Koch Comm. p. 47.; and our ^g. 83. in p. 806. — Stem decum- bent below, then upright, much branched. Leaves elliptic lan- ceolate. -* S./. 2 repens. S. f. /8 Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 2. ; S. repens Lin. Sp. PI. 1447., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 84. ; and our Jig. 84. in p. 836. — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, straight, somewhat pointed, nearly entire ; almost naked above, glaucous and silky beneath. Stipules none. Stem depressed, with short upright branches. -* S./ 3 pirostrdta. S. f. var. 7 Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 2. ; S. prostrata Smith I Eng. Bot. t. 1959., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 82.; and our fg. 82. i in p. 806. — Leaves elliptic-oblong, convex, somewhat toothed, I with a curved point ; glaucous, silky, and veiny beneath. Stipules i minute. Stems prostrate, with elongated straight branches. (Wary ' stalked, ovate, silky. • Styles shorter than the stigmas, ' Jk S,/ 'ifce'tida. S. f. var. S Hook. Br. Fl. eJ. 2.; S. foe'tida Smith E7ig. Fl. iv, p. 208. — Stem recumbent. Leaves elliptical, * S, y; 5 incubacea. S. f, 5 Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 3. ; S. incubacea hin. Sp. PI. 1447., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No, 79. ; and ourfg. 79. in p. 806. — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, nearly entire, acute, with a twisted point ; glaucous and silky beneath. Stipules stalked, ovate, acute. Stem procumbent. Branches erect. Catkins erect, oblong-cylindrical. Stalk of the silky ovary about as long as the obovate bractea (scale). (Bcrrer.) •« S./. 6 argentea. S. f. 6 Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 2. ; S. argentea Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1364., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 78, ; and our Jig. 78. in p. 806. — Leaves elliptical, entire, somewhat revolute, with a re- curved point ; rather downy above, silky and shining beneath, as well as the branches. Stem upright. Ovary ovate-lanceolate, .«ilky ; its silky stalk nearly equal to the linear oblong bractea. Style not longer than the stigmas. ARBORElUiM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. =s 53. S. DoTiTA'NA Smith. Don's, or the rusty -branched. Willow Jiientificntion. Smith In Eng Fl., 4. p. 213. ; Hook. Br. FI., ed. 3., p. 424. ; Borrer in Eiip. Boe- suppi., t. a.wg. The Srxes. The female is described and figured in Sal. IVob. and Eng. Sot. The ma-e has not )et been discovered. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 8.5. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2599. ; out fig. 1454. ; andjig. 85. in p. 806. Spec. Char., Src Leaves obovate-Iiinceolate, parti)' opposite, acute, sliglitly serrated, even ; livid and somewhat silky beneath. Stipules linear. Branches erect. Catkins erect, cylindrical. Ovary stalked, silky, Ioniser than the obovate bearded bractea. (Smith.) A shrub, with straight, wand-like, round, leafy branches, of a reddish or rusty brown, scarcely downy, except when very young. Scotland, on moun- tains. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Group xii. Ambigucs Borrer. Shrubs. Prin. sp. 54. and 58. 1454. S. DoniVma. L^J r.^ _s^ S. finmarchica Willd. has been added to the kinds included in this group by Mr. Borrer. -* a 54. S. ambi'gua Ehrh., Borrer. The ambiguous Willow. Identification. Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2733. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 418. Synonymes. Some are cited under the varieties treated of below ; S. ambSgua Koch, part of, Koch Comm.y p. 49. The Sexes. Both sexes of var. a, the female of var. ^, the male of var. y, and the female of var. S are figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. £h Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2733. ; and our jig. 1455. .\« S| Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, obovate, or Ian- ^ ceolate, slightly toothed, and having a recurved point; pubescent, somewhat rugose above, glau- cous and having prominent veins beneath. Stipules half-ovate, acute. Catkins stalked, upright, cylindrical. Ovary stalked, densely |^ silky. Style very short. Stigmas short, at^ length cloven. {Borr.) A small decumbent shrub. Sussex, Essex, and Suffolk ; and various parts of Scotland. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. It varies much in the procumbent, ascending, or more erect manner of its growth, in the paler or darker brown tinge of the twigs, and in the quantity of pubescence. Varieties. Ji. j» S. rt. 1 vulgaris. S. a. « Borr. in Eng. Bot. Siipp/. I. 2733., 5 figures of the two sexes, and description.-— A small straggling shrub, with i branches sometimes procumbent, sometimes rising 1 or 2 feet fromi ^he ground. | n^ S.a.2 major. S. a. /8 major Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2733., 3j figures of the female, and description; ? S. ambigua h Hook. Br. Fl.\ ed. 2. p. 418, ; S. versifoha Sering. Sanies de^la Suisse No. 66.,{ Monogr. 40. (Borrer.) — Foliage silvery. i & S.a.3 spathuldta. S. a. y spathulata Bor. in E?ig. Bot. Suj^pl. t. 2733.,! where 3 specimens of the male plant are figured and described ;! S. a.t^bigua y Hook. Br. FL ed. 2. p. 418. ; S. spathulata IVilld. Sp. PL 4. 700. ; .,'»'. f-patluilata Willd.— Scarcely differs from S. ambigua vulgaris, except in the narrower base of the leaf. k Si ffli Um Ike I 1455. S. ambigua. L». 'jltQll ^ ^m\^ ■.■.a ■'^ '■it LXVIII. ^ALICA^EiE: 5A^LIX. 769 St S. «. 4 vnditldta. S. a. 5 undulata Borrer in Eng. Bot. t. 2733., 4- figures of the female, and description ; S. spathulata Willd., var. undulata of Professor Mertens, (^Borrer.) — Remarkable for its lanceolate or almost linear leaves, and distinctly stalked stipules. ? ^ ? ji 53. S. finma'rchica Willd. is described in our first edition. J: ? ji 56, S. vERSi'coLOR Forbes. The various-coloured Willow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 77. T/ie Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 77.; our ^i'. 14.56. ; and oux fig.11. in p. 806. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves elliptic, almost entire ; greyish green and villous above, glaucous and pubescent beneath. Stipules large, ovate. Ovary ovate, stalked, silky. Style smooth. Stigmas divided. (Forbes.) A low, depressed or trailing, deciduous shrub. Swit- zerland. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1824'. Flowers yellow; May. i.^g s. versicolor. s 57. 5. ^LATERNoi^DEs Forhes (Sal. Wob., No. 76. ; and our j^. 76. in p. 806.) is described in our first edition. a ? * 58. S. vviOT^MFO^LlA Schl. The Protea-leaved Willow. Identification. Schleicher, quoted in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 419. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 75. Synony?nes. Erroneously referred to S. ambigua in Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 2. {Borrer MSS.) The Sexes. The female is described and figured in 5a/. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 7S. ; and out fig. 75. in p. 805. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves elliptical, entire; villous above, white and silky be- neath. Stipules ovate, silky. Catkins thick, obtuse. Ovary stalked, ovate, silky. Bractea obovate, silky. Stigmas undivided. {Sal. Wob.) A hand- some upright-growing shrub, or low tree. Switzerland. Height 12 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Group xiii. Reticulata; Borrer. Leaves reticulated and coriaceous. Prin. sp. 59 The characteristics of this group, as adopted in Hook. Br. Fl., are not de- scribed ; because it consists of only one species, the S. reticulata L., and the characteristics of this species may be deemed representative of those of the group. -* 59. iS'. RETICULATA L. The netted, or wmikled, leaved Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1446. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 200. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 419. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng Bot. and Sal. Wob., Host. Sal. Aust. and Hayne Abbild. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1908. ; ourj^g. 14.57. ; andfig. 67. in p. 804. Spec. Char., <$-c. Leaves orbicular, somewhat elliptical, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, with reticulated veins, nearly glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Ovary sessile, downy. A procumbent shrub, larger than S. herbacea. The young foliage is ofteni floccose. England, and the high mountains in Wales and Scotland. Height 6 in. Flowers purplish red ; May to j July. A very pretty little plant, j)articularly well adapted for j lorming one of a selection for growing in pots, so as to form I a portable salictum ; or for growing on rockwork. ! 3 D 1457. S. reticulata. 770 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Group xiv. Glauccc Borrer. Small, tipright, with soft silky Leaves. Prin. sp. 61, and 62. u&jL Stamens 2 t« a flower. Ovary very downy, or silky, sessile. — Plants small shrubs, most of them upright ; all, or most of" them, remarkable for their foliage, which consists of leaves that are oblong-lanceolate, soft, hairy, silky, and, in most, white and cottony on the under surface. The kinds are very closely akin, each among the rest. {Hook.) Only S. glauca L,, S. arenaria L., and S. 'Siuavttdna Smith are associated together under the above cha- racteristics in Hook. Br. FL, ed. 2. Of the kinds brought together below, as agreeing more or less in the quality of similarity, Mr. Borrer has indicated S. elaeagnifolia Forbes (elaeagnoides Schleicher), S. glauca L., S. serlcea Villnrs, S. Lapponum L., S, arenaria L., S. arenaria L. ? var., S. leuco- phylla Schleicher ; and S. StuartM«a Smith. Si 60. S. £L,^AGNoi^DES Schleicher (Sal. Wob., No. 69. ; and Jig. 89. in p. SO^.), is described in our first edition. J* 61. S. GLAU'CA L. The glaucous Mountain Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1446. ; Eng. Flora, 4. p. 201. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 419. Synom/me. S. appendiculata Fl. Dan. t. 1056., Willd. Sp. PL 4. p. 690. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Fl. ; the female is figured in Eng. Bot. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1810. ; Sal. Wob., No. 68. ; our Jig. 1458. ; and^^. 68. in p. 804. Spec. Char., <^-c. Leaves nearly entire, elliptic-lanceo- late ; even, and nearly glabrous above ; woolly and snowy-white beneath. Footstalks decurrent. Ovary sessile, ovate, woolly. (Smith.) A low shrub. High- lands of Scotland. Stem 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, stout, bushy, with numerous short, round, spreading brown or yellowish branches, downy in their early state. Flowers yellow ; May to July. ^ 62. S. SERi'CEA Villars. The silky Willow. Identification. Villars Delph., 3. p. 782. t. 51. f. 27. ; Wifld. Sp. PI., 4. p. 68S. Synonyme. S. glauca, a synonyme of Koch Cnmm. p. 56. " S. sericea of Villars, according to his own specimens, is the true Lapp6num ; and I have Swiss ones, properly so named, from M. Schleicher. It is Haller's No. 1643." (Smith in Eiig. FL, 4. p. 202.) The Se.ves. Willdenow has described the female, and noted that he had seen it in a dried state. Engravings. Vill. Delph., 3. t. 51. f. 27.; andj?^. 74. in p. 8C5. Spec. Char., Si-c. Stem prostrate. Leaf oblong-lanceolate, entire, obtuse, silky and hoary on both surfaces. Catkins silky, stout. Capsules ovate- oblong, stout, very villous, sessile. Very different from S. glauca L. Branches brown, glossy. Leaves 2 in. long, covered with long appressed hairs. Stipules not apparent. Catkins i in. long, cylindrical. Bracteas lanceolate, hairy, caducous. Style short, bifid. Stigmas dilated, bifid. (Villars.) A shrub. Alps of Switzerland and France. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April and May, -* 63. S. Lapponum L. The Laplanders' Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1447. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 73. Synonyme. S. arenaria FL Dan. t. 197. {Smith.) The Sexes. The female is described in Willd. Sp. PI., and described and figured in SaL IVob. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., t. 8, f. t. ; Sal. Wob., No. 73. ; our Jig. 1459. ; and Jig. 73. in p. 805. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, very entire, bluntisli ; hoary above, woolly beneath. Seed-vessels woolly and oblong. (Forbes.) A decumbent shrub. Lapland. Height 1 ft. In- troduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; May and June. iwg. s. Upp^nvm. 4' I -^^<;Feb ^1"^ %c: LXVm. 5'ALICA CEJE : SfL LIX. 71 s 5! 64. iS*. OBTUSIFO^LIA Willd. (Sp. PL, 4. p. 705.) is described in our first edition. a 65. .S'. ARENA^RiA L. (Sal. Wob., No. 70. ; and /g. 70. in p. 805.) is described in our first edition. J: 66. S. obova'ta Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 144., a leaf; and fig. 144. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. !& 67. S. cane'scens Willd. (Sp. PI., 4. p. 687.) is described in our first edition. at 68. S. Stvartia'na Smith (Sal. Wob., No. 72. ; and /g. 72. in p. 805.) is described in our first edition. -* 69. S. pyrena'ica Gouan (lUustr. 77.) is described in our first edition. ^ 70. S. Waldstein/^>^ Willd. (Sp. PL, 4. p. 679.) is described in our first edition. Group XV. Vimindles Borrer. Willows and Osiei's. — Mostly Trees or large Shrubs, luith long pliant Branches, used for Basket-making. Prin. sp. 72. 75, 76. and 82. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovarj' nearly sessile ; in S. moUfssima Ehrh. sessile, hairy or silky. Style elongated. Stigmas linear, mostly entire. Leaves lanceolate. — Plants trees of more or less considerable size, with long pliant branches. (Hook.) ^ 71. S. SUBALPINA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 93. ; and Jig. 96. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. afe 72. S. ca'ndida Willd. The whitish Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 708. ; Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 608. The Sexes. The male is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 91. ; om Jig. 1460. ; andj?^. 91. in p. 807. l< Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, obscurely toothed ; downy above ; beneath densely downy. Stipules lanceolate, nearly the length of the footstalks. (Willd.) A shrub. North America. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow ; February and March. ; A very handsome species, well deserving a place in shrubberies, both for its ornamental white leaves, and '.very early flowers. sk? t 73. S. inca^na Schranck. The hoary-leaved Willow, V or Osier. Jdentification. Schranck Baier (Bavar.) Fl., 1. p. 230. ; Koch Comm., p. 32. Synonymes. S. riparia lynid. Sp. PI. 4. p. 698. ; S. lavandulaefblia I.apeyr. Abr. p. 601. ; S. an. gustifblia Pair, in Bu Ham. Arb. ed. 1.3. t. 29. ; S. rosmarinifdlia Gouan Hart. 501. ; S. viminalis ' Vill. De/ph. 3. p. 785. rhe Sexes. Both are figured in Hayne Abbild. : the male is figured in Sal. IVob., where Mr. Forbes has noticed that he had not seen the catkins of the other sex. If the kind of Host Sal. Austr. is I identical, both sexes of it are figured in that work. \ngravings. Sal. Wob., No. 90. ; ? Host Sal. Austr., t. 58, 59. ; our 'Jk- 1461. ; a.nifig. 90. in p. 807. 'pec. Char., S;c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, denticu- ! lated, hoary on the under surface with hoary 1 tomentum. Catkins arched, slender, almost sessile, subtended at the base with small leaves. Capsule ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, stalked ; the stalk twice the length of the gland. Style elongated. Stigmas 3 I 2 1460. S. Candida. 14£1 8 inc^na. 772 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S. linearis. bifid. Bracteas subglabrous, ciliate with short hairs. (Koch.) A shrub, with leaves bearint; a strong resemblance to those of S. viminalis ; while the catkins, branches, and mode of growth are quite different. Alps of France and Switzerland. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1821, Flowers yellow; April. * 74. S. LiNEA^Ris Forbes. The linear-leaved Willow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 89. Synonyme. ? S. iiicana var. linearis Burrer. (Borrer in a letter.) The Sexes. The male is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Mr. Forbes has noted that he had not seen catkins of the female. Engravings. Sal. Wob., 89. ; o\xx fig. 1462. ; andj^. 89. in p. 807. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear, villous ; shining above, cottony beneath ; margins slightly denticulated. Branches brown. Stipules none. Catkins elliptical, nearly sessile. Bracteas elliptical, yellow, as are also the anthers. {Sal. Wob.) A low bushy deciduous shrub, with copious branches, dark brown or purplish in every stage. Switzer- land. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April and May. ai^ 2 75. S. viMiNA^Lis L. The twiggy Willow, or common Osier. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1448. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 228. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synoriyme. S. longif61ia Lam. Ft. Fr. 2. 232. (Koch.) the Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., Sal. Wob., Hayne Abbild., and Host Sal. Anstr. Both exist in Britain. The male seems less robust and vigorous than the female. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1898. ; Sal. Wob., No. 133. ; our fig. 1463. ; andfig. 133. In p. 817. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves linear, inclining to lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed, entire, wavy ; snow-white and silky beneath. Branches straiglit and slender. Ovary sessile. Style as long as the linear undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A large shrub or low bushy tree. England, in wet meadows. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers '""'■' yellow ; April and May. Keadily distinguished from the other species of the section by the satiny under surface of the leaves ; and more generally cultivated than any other for basketwork and hoops. A variety called the Dutch willow, with brown bark, is preferred where hoops are ifye object. ^ t 76. S. STiPULA^Ris Smith. The stipuled, or auncled-leaved. Osier, or Willow. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. 1069. ; Eng. Flora, 4. p. 230. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 420. The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Flora, and both are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1214. ; Sal. Wob., 132. ; a.nifig. 132. in p. 816. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, slightly wavy, obscurely crenate ; soft and nearly naked above, white and downy beneath. Stipules half- heart-shaped, stalked, very large. Gland cylindrical. Ovary ovate, nearly sessile, as well as the linear undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in osier holts, hedges, and woods. Height lOtt. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; Mai'ch. Twigs upright, tall, soft and downy, of a pale reddish brown, brittle, and of little or no use as an osier. 1 77. S. Smith/^^2^^ Willd. (Eng. Bot., t. 1509. ; Sal. Wob., No. 134., the female ; and our Jig. 134, in p. 817.) is described in our first edition. S 78. S. MOLLi'ssiMA Ehrh. (Beitr., 6. p. 101.) is described in our first edition. Sfc ? * 79. S. uoLOSERi'cEA Hook. (Br. Fl.. ed. 2., p. 421.) is described in our first edition. • Ft 80. S. MiCHBi^lA^NA Forbes (Sal. Wob., t. 135.; and /g. 135. in p. 817.) is described in our first edition. i Lxviii. 5alica^cEjE : 5a'lix. 773 1 81. S. FERRUGi'NEA Anderson (Sal. Wob., No. 128.; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2665. ; and our^g. 128. in p. 813.) is described in our first edition. f 82. S. ACUMINATA Smith. The acuminated-Zeawt?, or large-leaved. Sallow, or Willow. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit, p. 1068., Eng. Fl., 4. p. 227. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 421. Si/nunyme. S. lanceolata Seringe. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. Fl., and figured in Eng. Bot. and in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1434. ; Sal. Wob., No. 131. ; our fig. 14&4. in p. 774.; and ^. 131. in p. 816. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, pointed, wavy, finely toothed, glaucous and downy beneath. Stipules half-ovate, then kidney- shaped. Catkins cylindrical. Ovary stalked, ovate, hairy. Style as long as the undivided stigmas. {Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in wet grounds. Height 25 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. A very distinct sallow, soon recognised to be different from S. macrostipu- lacea by its downy germen, and much larger leaves. Group xvi. CinerecJC Borrer. Sallows. — Trees and Shrubs, with roundish shaggy Leaves, and thick Catkins. Prin. sp. 90. and 97. fjii Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary tomentose with silky tomentum. Leaves mostly obovate, toothed, grey or hoary, more or less wrinkled ; very veiny beneath; stipuled branches downy. — Plants trees or shrubs. The group I includes the kinds of willow that are usually called the sallows. {Hook.) I The sallows are known by their obovate or rounded downy leaves, and ' thick, early, silken catkins, with prominent, yellow, distinct stamens, 2 to I a flower. (Smith Eng. Fl., iv. p. 216.) Not a few of the group Nigricantes 1 Borrer also have been regarded as sallows. Mr. Borrer, however, states j that he is unacquainted with many of the species, or supposed species, of j this group, and of the group Nigricantes ; and it is highly probable that 1 many of them are placed wrongly. (Borrer in a letter.) i a 83. S. pa'llida Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 96. ; and Jig. 96. in p. 808.) is j described in our first edition. I »84. S. Wii.L.vEyov TA^NA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 41.; and Jig. 41. in p. 801.) is described in our first edition. i Si 85. S. PoNTEDERA'ivf/i Willd. Pontcdera's Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 661. ; Smith in Rees's Cycle, No. 18. ; Koch Comm., p. 24. i Synonymes. S. pumila alpina>nigricans, folio oleagino serrato, Ponted. Comp. 148, 149. ; 5. Pon- I teder

* 88. S Panno'sa Forbes (Sal. Wob., t. 123. ; and _fig. 123. in p. 814.) i.s described in our first edition. 3d 3 774 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. i;- :vi- I IiJ4. .^Ii acuminata. LXVIll. SALICA^CE^: Sa'liX. 775 1466. S'aViX Ponteder^na 3 D 4 776 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUAI BRITANNICUM. The male is figured in our^^. 1466. ; and * 89, S. muta'bilis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 160.) is described in our first edition. "¥ 90. S, cine'rea L. The gi-ei/ Sallow, or ash-coloured Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1449. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 215. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synonyme. S. cinerea var. Koch Comm. p. 36. tlie Sexes. Both sexes are figured in 5a/. Wob. Eng. Bot. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1897. ; Sal. Wob., No. 125 fig. 125. in p. 814. Sjjec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Lower leaves entire ; upper serrated, obovate-lanceolate ; glaucous, downy, and reti- culated with veins beneath. Stipules half- heart-shaped, serrated. Ovary silky ; its stalk half as long as the lanceolate bracteas. {Smith.) A shrub or middle-sized tree. England, on the banks of rivers, and in moist woods. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April, and again in September, 5f 91, 1466. S. cinerea. and i 92. *t 93, S. aqua'tica Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1437, ; Sal. Wob., No. 127. our Jig. 127. in p. 815.) is described in our first edition. S. OLEIFO LiA Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1402. ; Sal. Wob., No. 126. ; and fig. 126. m p. 814.) is described in our first edition. 5*. GEMINA^TA Forhes (Sal, Wob., No. 129.; and /g. 129, in p. 815.) is described in our first ecHtion. * 94. S. CRi'sPA Forbes (Sal, Wob,, No. 42. ; and fig.^2. in p. 801.) is described in our first edition. ^ 95. S. auri'ta L. (Eng. Bot., t. 1487.; Sal. Wob., No. 124, ; and our fig. 124. in p. 814.) is described in our first edition. ^ 96. S. latifo'lia Forhes (Sal. Wob., No. 118. ; and fig. 118. in p,813.) is described in our first edition, ¥ 97. S. caVrea L. Tile Goat Willow, or the great round-leaved Sallow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1448. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 225. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 429. Synonymes. Common Black Sallow, Saugh in Yorkstiire. Grey Withy. Derivation. The name c4prea seems to have originated in the reputed fondness of goats for the catkins, as exemplified in the wooden cut of the venerable Tra- gus, their namesake. { H67. S. c^prra. 1468. S. cliprea, mate. LXVIII. SALICA^CEM : ^JA^LIX. 777 The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and both in Hayne Abbild. Engravings. Hofftn. Sal., t. 3. f. 1, 2. t. 21. f. a. b. c. ; Eng. Bo'.., t. 1488. ; Sal. Wob., No. 122. ; onr fig. 1467., from the Sal. Wob. ; and^o'. 1468. representing the male, axiA fig. 1409. the female, both from Host's Sal. Ausl., t. 66, 67. ; and fig. 122. in p. 814. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Leaves roundish-ovate, pointed, serrated, waved ; pale and downy beneath. Stipules somewhat crescent-shaped. Catkins oval. Ovary stalked, ovate, silky. Stigmas nearly sessile, and undivided. Capsules swelling. (Smith.) A moderate-sized tree, with spreading, round, brown or purplish branches, minutely downy when young. Britain, in woods and dry pastures, common. Height 15 ft. to 30 Ft. Flowers yellow, ve.-'y showy ; April and May. Leaves larger and broader than in any other of the genus ; of a deep green above, with a downy rib ; white un- derneath, or rather glau- cous, and veiny, densely clothed with soft, white, cottony down; generally broadly ovate, approach- ing to orbicular, with a sharp point ; some- times more elliptical ; either rounded or slightly heart-shaped at the base; ;y^:w varying in length from 2 in. to 3 in. ; the margin wavy, and more or less strongly serrated. Foot- stalks stout, downy. Cat- kins numerous, much earlier than the foliage, and almost sessile. This tree. Sir W. J. Hooker observes, "distinguishes itself, in the spring, by being loaded with hand- some yellow blossoms before any of its leaves appear. The flowering branches of this species are called palms, and are gathered by children on Easter Sunday ; the relics of the Catholic ceremony formerly performed in commemoration of the entry of our Saviour into Jerusalem. .^98. S. SPHACELA^TA Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 2333. ; Sal. Wob., No. 12L; and^g. 12L in p. 813.) is described in our first ecUtion. Group xvii. Nigricantes Borrer. Shrubs with long Branches, or small Trees. Mostly Sallows. Prin. sp. 105. 109. 111. and 122. 1469. S, caprea, female. A group as difficult to define as are the kinds of which it is constituted. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary stalked, glabrous or silky. Style more or ; less 2-cleft. In leaves, many of this kind approach those of the group Cinereae very nearly, having ovate or obovate ones ; but the leaves are less ! wrinkled. — Plants shrubs with long branches, or small trees. {Hook.) The 778 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. term Nigricantes has been applied to this group, not, as it has been sup- posed, in allusion to the leaves of the kinds of which it is constituted turning black in drying, but to mark their affinity to S. nigricans Smith, a well-known individual of their number. as 99. S. austra'lis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 103. ; and our fg. 103. in p. 809.) is described in our first edition. 3fc 100. S. vaude'nsis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 117.; and our /^. 117. in p. 812.) is described in our first edition. * 101. S. grisophy'lla Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 119. ; and our fg. 119. in p. 813.) is described in our first edition. St 102. S. LACu'sTRis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 116. ; and our j%. 116. in p. 812.) is described in our first edition. ai^ 103. S. CRASSiFO^LiA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 115. ; and our fg. 115. in p. 812.) is described in our first edition. 31^ lOi. S. cotinifo'lia S7mf?i. The Cotinus, or Quince, leaved Sallow, ' or Willow. j Identification. Smith Fl. Br., p. 1066. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 220. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 430. | Synony7iies . S. spa-dicea Fillars's Dauph. 3777.; S. phylicifSlia var. A'ocA I Comm. p. 42. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. FL, and figured in Eng. Bot., and Sal. IVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 1403. ; Sal. Wob., No. 114.; our^^. 1470. ; and fig. 114. in p. 812. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem erect. Branches spreading, downy. Leaves broadly elliptical, nearly orbicular, slightly toothed, glaucous and downy, with rectangular veins beneath. Style as long as the linear notched stigmas. (Smith Eng. Fl.) An upright shrub, with straight, round, brown, downy, moderately spreading branches. Britain, in woods, and on the banks of rivers. Height 2 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. i47o. s.wtmiroua. '^ t 105. S. hi'rta Smith. The ha\ry-bj-a)iched Sallow, or Willow. Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1404. ; Eng. Fl., 4. 221. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synom/me. S. pfcta Schleicher is the female of S. hirta. (Forbes in Sal. IVob.) The Sexes. The male is described in Eng. Fl., and figured in Eng Bot. and Sal. Wob. The female is described in Sal. Wob., and Hook. Br. Ft., ed. 2. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1404. ; Sal. Wob., No. 113. ; And our^. 113. in p. 811. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Stem erect. Branches densely hairy. Leaves elliptic-heart- shaped, pointed, finely crenate, downy on both sides. Stipules half-iieart- shaped, flat, toothed, nearly glabrous. (Smith.) A small tree, remarkable for its thick, round, hoary branches, clothed very densely with prominent, close, horizontal, soft, cottony hairs. Britain, in woods and on the banks ot rivers. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. '^ 106. S. rivlla'ris Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 102.; and our /g. 102. in p. 809.) is described in our first edition, t 107. S. atropurpu^rea Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 156.) is described in our first edition. 34 108. S. coriacea Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 112.; and our /g. 112- '" p. 811.) is described in our first edition. at 109. S. ni'gricans Smith. The dark broad-leaved Willow. Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1213. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 172. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synonyme. S. ^hyliciffilia B Lin. Sp. PL 1412. . The Sexes. Smith has described both sexes in Eng. Fl. ; the female from I.apland specimens : the male is figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. The S. nigrescens Schl., female, is figured iii *<"• Wob., as the female of S. nigricans Smith. It does not appear that the Bowers of the female ha»e been found wild in Britain. (Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2.) Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., t. 8. f. c. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1213. ; and oxirflg. 37. in p. 799. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, crenate ; glabrous, with a 'Ufi LXVIU. S'ALICA'cEyE : 5A^LIX. 779 down)' rib, above; glaucous beneath. Stamens 2, thrice the length of the hairy bractea. Ovary lanceolate, downy, on a short downy stalk. (Smith.) A large bushy shrub, scarcely attaining the height or form of a tree, with upright, round, stout, rather brittle branches, glabrous, except when young. Britain, in fens, osier grounds, woods, and thickets. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. 38 110. S. ANDERSON/yl'A'^ Smith. Anderson's Willow, or the Green Afountain Sallow. Identification Smith Eng. Bot., 2343 ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 223. ; Hook. Br. F)., ed. 3. Syrwnyme. S. phylicifolia var. Kuch Comrn. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. Fl., and figured in Eng. Bot. and in Sal. Wob, Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 2343. ; Sal. ^Vob., No. 109. ; and OMrJig. 109. in p. 811. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem upright. Leaves elliptical, acute, finely notched, slightly downy, paler beneath. Stipules half-ovate, nearly glabrous. Branches minutely downy. Ovary glabrous ; its stalks almost equal to the bractea. Style cloven, longer than the cloven stigmas. {Smith.) An upright bushy shrub. Scotland, on the Breadalbane Mountains ; and England, on the banks of the Tyne below Newcastle. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. at 111. (S. Damasce'na Forbes. The Y)a.vnson-leaved WiWow, or Sallow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 1,57 ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2709. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synonymes. S. damascenil'blia Anderson MSS. ; S. phylicifolia Lin. the Sexes. The female is described in Sal. Wob., and described in Eng. Bot. Suppl. " Mr. Ander- son possessed both sexes, but we have seen the female only." {Borrer.) Engraving. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2709. Spec. Char., Sfc. Upright. Young shoots densely hairj-. Leaves ovate, or rhomboidal, bluntly toothed ; silky when young ; at length nearly glabrous ; green on both surfaces. Stipules half-heart-shaped. Catkins, with the flowers in blossom, longer than the floral leaves. Bracteas (scales) ob- ovate. Ovary stalked, glabrous. Style divided, longer than the diverging stigmas. (Borrer.) An upright bushy shrub, nearly allied to S. Ander- soniana. Scotland, on the borders of England. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. i ss 112. S. Asso'SiA^NA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 107. ; and our Jig. 107. in ! p. 810.) is described in our first edition. s 113. jS". helvetica Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 159.) is described in our first edition. a 114. S. fi'rma Forbes (Sal, Wob., No. 106.; and our fig. 106. in p. 810.) is described in our first edition. * 115. 5. carpinifo'lia Schl. (F'orbes in Sal. Wob., No. 155.) is described in our first edition. * 5? 116. S. rotunda'ta Forbes. The round-leaved Willow, or Sallow. Jdentification. Sal. Wob., No. 104. ^ynonyme. ? S. rotundifblia Host. The Sexes. Both sexes are described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 104. ; our Jig. 1471., p. 780. ; andfig. 104. in p. 809. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves orbicular, bluntly serrated ; glabrous and shining above ; glaucous, reticulated, and slightly hairy beneath. Stipules rounded, \ serrated, glandular. Ovary awl-shaped, glabrous, stalked. Style twice the length of the parted stigmas. (Sal. IVob.) An upright-growing shrub . or low" tree. Switzerland. Height 15ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1824. ! Flowers yellow ; April and May. 1^ 117. S. DU^A Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 105.; and our fig. 105. in p. 810.) I is described in our first edition. * "t 118. S. FoRSTEKlA^NA Smith. The glaucous Mountain Sallow, or Forster's Willow. {cniification. Smith Eng. Fl., 2. p. 224. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 110. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. p. 431. 780 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. II Hi \\, «1?J 1471. SMli rotiimlMv %, '!?(. LXVIII. ^ALICA CE^ : i'A LIX. 781 Synonyme. S. phylicifblia var. Koch Comm. p. 41. The Sexes. The female is described in Erig. FL, and figured in Eng. Bot. where the style is repre- sented too short {Smith Eng. Fl. ) ; and in Sal. IVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2344. ; Sal. Wob., No. 110. ; and out fig. 110. in p. 811. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Branches minutely downy. Leaves elliptic- obovate, acute, crenate, slightly downy, glaucous beneath. Stipules vaulted. Ovary stalked, awl-shaped, silky. Style as long as the blunt notched stig- mas. (Smith.) A tall shrub or low tree, with finely downy branches. Britain, in Scotland, on the Breadalbane Mountains. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. J: 119. S. rupe'stris Donn. The silky Rock Willow, or Sallow. Identification. Donn Hort. Cant., ed. 5., p. 231. (Smith) ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 222. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed.3. The Setes. Both sexes are described in Eng. FT., and figured in Eng. Bot., and in Sal. IVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2342. ; Sal. Wob., No. 111. ; and oar fig. 111. in p. 811. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stem trailing. Leaves obovate, acute, serrated, flat, even, silky on both sides. Stipules hairy. Branches minutely downy. Ovary stalked, awl-shaped, silky. Style as long as the blunt undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A trailing shrub, with dark-coloured branches, covered with very fine down when young. Scotland, in woods, and on the banks of rivers. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. A perfectly distinct kind. The branches are tough, and suitable for tying and basketwork. afe 120. S. TENUiFol-iA L. The thin-leaved Willow. Identification. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., 292. t. 8. f. c. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 179. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. ; Borr. in Eng. Bot. Supp., t. 2795. Synonymes. S. arbiiscula fVahlenb. var. Koch Comm. p. 4.'). " If Koch had known S. tenuifblia Smith Fl. Br. in the living plant, I think he would have referred it to his own S. phylicifblia." {Boner in a letter.) S. tenuifiMia of Eng. Bot. t. 2186. is S. Wcolor Hook. Br. Fl. The Sexes. Both sexes are described and tigured in Eng. Bot. Supp, -^and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 50. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2795. ; and owe fig. 50. in p. 802. Spec. Char., ^c. Upright. Young shoots and petioles densely pubescent. Disks of leaves elliptical or oblong, flat, with a recurved point, crenate, reticulated with sunken veins, slightly hairy ; glaucous beneath. Stipules half-heart-shaped. Catkins on a short stalk that bears small leaves. Brac- i tea oblong, shaggy. Ovary glabrous, on a glabrous stalk. Style as long as the stigmas. A much-branched spreading shrub. England, above the bridge at Kirby Lonsdale. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Stamens yellow ; May. I &1 \2\. S. propi'nqua Borr. The nearly related, or Jlat-leaved, upright. Mountain Willow. Identification. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2729. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. The female is described In the Specific Cha- I racter ; and described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. •Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2729. ; and our fig. 1472. Spec. Char., ^c. Upright. Young shoots . pubescent with minute down. Leaves ellip- tical, obscurely crenate, nearly flat, nearly glabrous on both surfaces ; veins slightly sunken ; under surface pale green. Stipules I small, vaulted, glanded. Ovary stalked, silky towards the point. Style longer than the notched stigmas. (Borrer.) An upright ' shrub. Britain. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers j yellow ; May. 1472. S. proplnqua. Sfe 122. S. petr^'a Anders. The Rock Sallow, or Willow. Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2725., •ntification. First distinguished by Mr. G. Anderson. ^ook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. e Sexes. The female is described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl., and in Sal. Wob. Sal. Wob., No. 97. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t 2725.; and our^^. 97. in p. 808. Upright. Young shoots densely hairy. Leaves oblong, gravings. '\ec. Char., Spc. \ 782 ARBORETUM KT FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. serrated, carinate, twisted, reticulated with deeply sunken veins ; beneath, hairy, glaucous, at length pale green. Stipules large, halt-heart-shaped, flattish, having few glands. Ovary stalked, naked, wrinkled towards the point. Style divided, longer than the cloven stigmas (Borr.) An upright shrub. Scotland, on the Breadalbane Mountains^ Height 10 ft. to loft. Flowers yellow ; May. iS". petrae'a is nearly allied to S. hlrta Smith Ejig. Bot. t. 1404. ; and still more nearly, perhaps, to 5. stylaris of Seringe Alonogr. des Saules de la Suisse, p. 62. i 123. S. Ammann/^\v^ Willd. (Sp. PL, 4. p. 663.) is described in our first edition. ^ 124. S. ATROV f RENS i^or^c's (Sal. "Wob., No. 108. ; and our/^. 108. in p. 810.) is described in our first edition. afc 125. S. stre'pida Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 100.; and our fig. 100. in p. 809.) is described in our first edition. 5!^ 126. S. so'rdida Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. lOJ. ; and our /g. 101. in p. 809.) is described in our first edition. ^ 127. S. ScHLEicHER/^-A^.^ Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 98. ; and our fig. 98. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. ^ 128. S. GRisoNENSis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 99. ; and our fig. 99. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. Group xviii. Bicolbres Borrer. Bushy Shrubs, with Leaves dark green above, and glaucous beneath. sp. 131. 133, 134. and 142. r Prin. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovaries silky. Leaves between obovate and lanceo- late, glabrous, or nearly so ; dark green on the upfier surface, very glaucous on the under one. — Plants twiggy bushes. (i/ooA-.) ^ 129. S. TENU^iOR Borrer (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2650.) is described in our first edition. ■^ 130. -S*. laxiflo^a Borr. catkined Willow. The loose- Identification. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2749. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. The male plant is not known. Engraving. Eng. Bot. Sup., t. 2749. ; and onxfig. 1473. Spec. Char., S(c. Upright. Young shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, flat, broadly obovate, narrower to the base, iij^ slightly toothed, glaucescent beneath ; v*<,-S upper leaves acute. Stipules small, con- cave. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Ovary stalked, bluntish, glabrous in the lower part. Style as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Borrer.) A low, bushy, deciduous tree, or tree-like shrub. Britain, in various places, both in England and Scotland. Height 12 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow : April and May. 1473. S. lailitli-ra. LXVIII. 5alicaYe^, : iVLIX. 783 1474. S. /aiiiina. t 131. S. iAu'RiNA Smith. The Ijaurel-leaved, or shining dark-green. Willow, Identification. Smith Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 122. ; Hook. Br. Fl.. ed. 2., p. 425. Synonymes. S. bScolor Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1800. ; S. arbi'iscula Wahlcnb. var. Koch Comm. p. 45. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. FL, and figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. ''SS!^^^^-^^ fe%. ^ / Erigravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1806. ; Sal. Wob., t. 38. ; our fig. 1474. ; and/g. 38. in p. 800. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, waved, and slightly serrated, nearly glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Footstalks dilated at the base. Stipules pointed, serrated. Bracteas obtuse, hairy, and half as long as the densely downy, ovate, long- stalked ovary. (Smith.) A shrub or small tree. Britain, in various parts ; growing plentifully in woods and thickets. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow; March and April. 34 132. S. pa'tens Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 39. ; and our j%. 39, in p. 800.) is described in our first edition. jt 133. S. RADi'cANs Smith. The rooting-branched Willow. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. \0^3. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 428. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2701. Synonyme. S. phylicifblia Linn. Fl. I^pp. No. 351. t. 8. f. d. The Sexes. The female is described in Eng. FL, where Smith has noticed that he had not observed the catkins of the male. The female is figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. H'ob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1958. ; Sal. Wob., No. 46. ; and out fig. 46. in p. 802. Spec. Char., 8^c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, with wavy serratures, very glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Stipules glandular on the inside. Ovary lanceolate, stalked, silky. Style twice the length of the stigmas. Branches trailing. (Smith.) A low, spreading, glabrous bush, whose long, recumbent, brown or purplish branches take root as they extend in every direction. Scotland, on the Breadalbane Mountains. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. sk 134. S. ^ORRERIA^NA Smith. Borrer's, or the dark upright. Willow. Identification. Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 174. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2619. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. The male is described in Eng. Fl. and Eng. Bot. Suppl., and figured in Sal. IVob. and Eng. Bot. Suppl. Mr. W. Wilson and Sir W. J. Hooker have found the female at Killin, in Breadal- bane. {Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2.) Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 45. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2619. ; our fig. 1475. ; andfig. 45. in p. 802. Spec. Char., 4'c. Branches erect. Leaves lanceolate, serrated wiih shallow nearly even serratures, very glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Stipules lanceolate, small. Bracteas (scales) acute, shaggy. (Smith.) A much-branched shrub, decumbent at the base only. Scotland, in Highland mountain valleys. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. a 135. S. Davall/^Wm Smith (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2701. ; Sal. Wob., No. 47.; and our_;?g. 47. in p. 802.) is described in our first edition. ^ 136. S. te'trapla Smith (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2702. ; Sal. Wob., No. 49.; and our^g. 49. in p. 802.) is described in our first edition. * 137, S. RAMiFu'sCA Forbes, ? Anders. (Sal, Wob., No, 53.; and our^g. 53. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. * 138. S. VoRB-Esu NA. Forbes's Willow (Sal. Wob., No. 51.; aul our Jig. 51. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition, ^ 139. S. WEiGEhlA^NA Borr. Weigel's Willow. Ident(ncation. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 26.'i6. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 434. Synonyme. S. Wulfemana Smith Eng. Fl. 4. p. 176. The: Sexes. Both are figured in Eng. But. Suppl. ; the male in SaL nob., as that of S. Wul- leniana. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2656. ; our fig. 1475. ; and fig. 48. in p. 802. 1473. S. Borreri(/na. 784 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. /Sjp,^^ ^ 14-1. S. CRoyfV..A^NA Smith. Crowe's Willow. Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1146 ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 192. ; Hook. Br., ed. 3. Synony)nes. S. arbuscula Waldenb. var. Koch Coimn. p. 45. ; S. hiimilis Schl, is cited in Sal. Wob, as the female of S. Croweana Smith ; ? S. heterophylla Host. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Bot., and figured in Sal. Wob. Mr. Borrer deems the case of the combination of the filaments to be one monstrous in the species, rather than innate and characteristic. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1146. ; Sal. Wob., No. 52. ; and our^^. 52. in. p. 803. Spec. Char., Sfc. Filaments combined below. Leaves elliptical, slightly ser- rated, quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. {Smith.) A bushy shrub, with many stout, irregularly spreading, glabrous, leafy, brittle, brownish yellow branches. England, in swampy meadows and thickets. Height 5 ft. to 10ft, Flowers yellow; April and May. This (S^alix, when covered with male blossoms, is amongst the most hand- some of the genus; nor are the leaves destitute of beauty. ^ 142. S. Bi'coLOR Ehrh. The two-coloured Willow. Identification. Ehrh. Arb., 118. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 427. ; ? Hayne Abhild., p. 23S. Si/nonymes. S. tenuifblia Smith Eng. Bot., t. 2186., as to the figure ; S. floribunda Forbes. the Sexes. The male is described in Sal. Wob., and figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. ; some notice of what Mr. Borrer deems the female is given in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2186. ; Sal. Wob., No. 54. ; and ourjig. 54. in p. 803. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves elliptical ; green and shining above, glabrous and glaucous beneath ; serrated, ending in oblique points. Stipules crescent- shaped, serrated. Catkins of the male copious, bright yellow. Filaments slightly bearded at the base. (Sal. Wob.) A bushy spreading shrub, with short yellow branches, slightly villous when young ; the older ones rather a yellowish green, quite glabrous. Britain, Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow ; April, and a second time in July. as 143. S. phillyreifo'lia Borrer. The Phillyrea-Ieaved Willow. Identification. Borrer in Eng Bot. Suppl., t. 2660. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2. p. 417. The Sexes. Both sexes are described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl., the female in the fruit-bearing state. Engraving. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2660. ; and ourfig. 1478. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at each end, strongly ser- rated, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous on the under one. Stipules I.XVIir. .VALICA CE^ : salix. 785 small. Young shoots pubescent. Bracteas (scales) oblong, hairy, longer than the glabrous stalk of the glabrous ovary. Sty.'e as long as the stigmas. In the arrange- ment of the kinds, this one may stand between S. bicolor and iS. Dickson/anff, in both of which the leaves are for the most part obso- letely serrated, and of a figure approaching to obovate with a point. (^Borrer.) An upright much-branched shrub. Highlanil valleys of Scotland. Height 4 ft to 5 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. : 144, S. DiCKS0N7^\v^ Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1390.; Sal. Wob., No. 55.; and om-fg. 53. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. UTS. S. philljTCifijUa. Group xix. Yacciniifolia; Borrer. Small, and generally procumbent. Shrubs. Prin. sp. 145. and 149. i-jt.c»t_ =^ Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary sessile, downy. Leaves bearing a considerable resemblance to those of a Faccinium ; opaque ; the under surface glaucous. — Plants, small shrubs, usually procumbent, rarely erect. {Hook, Br. FL, ed. 2., adapted.) It is probable that S. arbiiscula L. is the same as one or more of the four kinds, S. z'acciniifolia Walker, S. carinata Smith, S. pruni- folia Smith, and S. venulosa Smith. {Borrer, in his manuscript list.) ^ 145. S. rACCiNiiFOLiA Walker. The Vaccinium-leaved Willow. Jdenlification. Walker's Essay on Nat. Hist. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 194. ; Hook. Br. FL, ed. 3. Synonijtne. S. pruniftlia, part of, Kucli Cumni. p. ,59. The Sexes. Both sexes are ligured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engrnvings. Eng. Bot., t. 2341. ; Sal. Wob., No. 67. ; our Jig. 1479. ; and fig. 57. in p. SOS. Spec. Char., Sj'c. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, serrated ; glabrous and even above, glaucous and silky beneath. Capsules ovate, silky. Stems decumbent. {Smith.) A low decum- bent shrub, very distinct from S. jorunifolia, of a much ' more humble stature, with decumbent, or trailing, long and slender branches, silky when young, though other- ' wise glabrous. Scotland, on Highland mountains. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. ; a 146. S. carina'ta Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1363.; Sal. Wob., No. 59.; and I our fig. 59. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. I -^ 147. S. prunifo'lia Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1361. ; Sal. Wob., No. 56.; and ' our Jig. 56. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. ' a 148. S. VENULo'sA Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1362.; Sal. Wob., No. 56. ; and our^g. 58. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. a^ 149. iS". c^'siA Villars. The grey-leaved Willow. Identification. Villars Dauph., 3. 768. ; Smith in Rees's Cycle., No. 80. ; Koch Comm., p. 59. Si/noiiymes. S. niyrtilliiides Willd. Sp. PI 4. p. 686. , S. prostrata Ehrk. PI. Select, p. l-'jg. 'I'/ie Scxrs. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Villars Dauph., 3. t. bO. f. 11. ; Sal. Wob., No. 66. ; and our^. 66. in p. 804. 3 E 1479. S. uacciniifoHa, 786 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec, Char,, Sfc, Leaves elliptic or lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, not shining, entire, and revolute at the edge. Catkin upon a short leafy twiglet- Capsule ovate-conical, tomentose, seemingly sessile, eventually having a very short stalk. Gland reaching as high as the base of the capsule. Style shortish. Stigmas ovate-oblong, entire, and bifid (Koch.) — A low strag- gling shrub. Alps of Dauphine ; and in Savoy, upon the mountain Enzein- dog. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers yellow ; May, and again in August. Group XX. Myrtilloldes Borrer. Small Bilhcrry-l'ike Shrubs, not Natives of Britain. Prin, sp. 150, This group consists of exotic kinds, and, therefore, does not appear in Hook. Br. Fl. ; and, consequently, we cannot quote characteristics thence. In S. myrtilloldes L., we believe that the epithet was meant to express a like- ness in the foliage to that of Faccinium MyrtiUus L. ; and we suppose that this likeness appertains to each of the kinds of which Mr. Borrer has con- stituted his group Myrtilloldes. Ja 150. S. MYRTILLOrOES L. The Myrtillus-like, or Bilberry-leaved, Willow. Koch Coram., p. 52. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1446. ; Wahl. Fl. Lapp., p. 2G7. i Synoriyme. S. felegans Besser En. PI. Volhyn. p. 77. (Koch.) The Sexes. The female is described in Rees's Ci/c/o., and the male partly 60. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., t. 8. f. i. k. ; and our fig. 1480. Spec. Char., ^e. Leaves very various in form, ovate, subcordate at the base, oblong, or lanceolate ; entire, opaque, glabrous ; veins appearing reticulated beneath. Stipules half-ovate. Fruit-bearing catkin (? catkin of the female in any state) borne on a leafy twiglet. Bi-acteas (scales) glabrous or ciliated. Capsides (? or rather ovaries) ovate lanceolate, glabrous, upon a kPSP^M A ^^ stalk more than four times as long as the /^V ^rJ-'X /v>\vl- gland. Style short. Stigmas ovate, notched. {Koch.) The flowers of the female are dis- C^^^lf^"/^ / Vkl "^ posed in lax cylindrical catkins. (Smith.) A \^ \ "i^ - / \'^- low shrub. Carpathia, Poland, Livonia, Vol- hynia, and through Russia, Sweden, 'and Lapland. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers yellow ; April and May. 1480. S. niyrUlloides. 151. S. PEDiCELLA^Ris Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 61 1.) is described our first edition. in 152. S. PLANIFO^LIA Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., in our first edition. 2. p. 611.) is describeii Group xxi. M.j/rsinkes Borrer. SmaU bushy Shrubs. Prin. sp. 133. 155. and 139. L^ ..ir»» 1 Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovaries downy. Leaves oval or broadly elliptical, serrated, small, glossy, rigid. — Plants small and bushy. (Hook. Br. Fl., adapted.) It seems to be the case that the epithet 71/yrsinites in S. Myrsx- LXVIII. -S'AI.ICA CE^ : 5A LIX. 787 nites L. has been intended to imply a likeness in the foliage of that kind to that of the Faccinium iliyrsiiiites ; and it may be supposed that this cha- racter obtains more or less in all the kinds of the gronp. t. 1051. p. 682. ; J* 15.3. S. ikTYRSiNi^ES L, The WhorileheYry -leaved Willow. Identification. Lin., cited by Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2753., the text; Fl. Dan., (Smith.) Synonymes. S. ilfyrsinites /3, Smith Eng. Fl. 4. p. 195.; S. arbutifblia Willd. Sp. PI. 4. probably S. Jilacncihiana Macgillivray in Jameson's Edinb. Phil. Jour., Oct. 183U. The Sexes. It is implied in the Spec. Char., &c., that the female is known. Engraving. Fl. Dan., t. 10.54. (Smith) ; and ourj^g-. 1481. Spec. Char. Sfc. This has, like S. Aetulifolia, short catkins, and distinctly serrated leaves ; but these are more acute, and of an ovate-lanceolate figure ; and the long style seems to afford a dis- tinctive character. {Borrer.) A low shrub. Scottish mountains. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Stems and leaves like those of ^etula nana, very dark, and almost black when dry. J* 15i. S. i?ETULiFo"LiA Forster (Sal. Wob., No. 60. ; and^g. 60. in is described in our first edition. .* 155. S. procu'mbens Forbes. The procumbent Willow. Idenlifioaiion. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 61. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 429. Synonymes. S. liEvis Hook. Br. FL, ed. 1., p. 432. ; S. ret'isa Wither. Bot. Arr. ed. 4., 2. p. 49. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. and Sal. IVob. The male plant has not come under our notice. (Borrer.) Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 27.53. ; Sal. Wob., No. 61. ; and onr fig. 61. in p. 803. Spec. Cliar.y SfC. Branches diverging. Leaves oval, minutely serrated, re- curved, bright green and shining on both surfaces. Catkins elongated, thick, cylindrical. Ovary nearly sessile, tapering, obsoletely quadrangular. Style short, deeply cloven. Stigmas spreading, bifid. (Borrer.) A low procumbent shrub, extending along the ground, witii greenish brown, pu- bescent, round, shortish branches. Highlands of Scotland. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. -* 156. S. RETU'SA L. The reixxse-leaved Willow. Jdentification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1445. ; Willd. Sp. PI,, 4. p. 634. ; Hayne Abbild., p. 234. i Synonyme. S. serpyllif61ia Jacq. Austr. t. 298. I The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Bees's Cyclo., and thence in Sal. Wob., and '• below ; and both are figured in Hayne Ahbild. : the male is figured in Sal. Wob. \ Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t. 298. ; Sal. Wob., No. 139. ; our fig. 1482. ; and fig. 139. in p. 818. ! Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves obovate, entire, glabrous, shining above. ^ 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1763. Flowers yellow ; May. 1482. S.retiisa. ;-* 157. 5. KiTAiBEL7j\v^ Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 64. ; and our /g. 64. ' p. 804.) is described in our first edition. •j» 158. .9. UVa-u'hsi Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 151.; and our /g. 151. • p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ■^ 159. S. serpyllifo'lia Scop. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Willow. I'denlification. Scop. Carn., No. 1207. : Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. C84. ; Hayne Abbild., 325. 'iynonyme. S. retusa Koch y Koch Cotimi. p. G3. ! he Sexes. The male is figured in Sal. Wob., the female in Hayne Abbild. ^, Xingravings. Scop. Carn., t. 61.; Sal. Wob., No. 65. : our ^gx. 1483, 1484. ; and '•''■k(j« iM- «5- in p. 804. ^JSifc^'V >pcc. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, '■^^'^' glabrous, shining above. Catkins oblong, of few flowers. . Capsules elliptic, glabrous. Stigmas sessile. (Smith.) (U A very diminutive shrub. High mountains of France, Vn^ Italy, and Switzerland. Height 1 in. to 2 in. Introd. usj 1818. Flowers yellow ; April and May. .•J E 2 m in 1483. 788 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. J; 160. S. cordifo'lia Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 143., a leaf; and /g. 143. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. Group xxii. Herbdcece Borrer, ! Verj/ low Shrubs, scarcely rising an inch above the Ground. Prin. sp. 161. and 162. ' There are only two species in this group, the characteristics of which will be \ found in their specific characters. 1 -1* 161. (S. HERBA^CEA Z(. The herbaccous-foo^Mig Willow. Jdentijlcation. Lin. Sp. PL, 2445. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 199. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Fl. and figured in Sal. Wob., Hayne Ahbild., and Host Sal. Austr. ; in Eng. Bot., tlie female in fruit and flower, and bractea (scale) of the male. : Both sexes were living, in 1836, in the Twickenham Botanic Garden. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1907.; Sal. Wob., No. 62.; and Host Sal. Austr., 1. t. 104.; our' fig. 1485. ; a.-aAfig. 62. in p. 803. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves orbicular, serrated, reticulated with veins ; very glabrous and shining on botii sides. Ovary stalked, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. (Smith.) A diminutive shrub. Britain, on the Welsh and High- land mountains. Height 1 in. to 3 in. in a wild state, but much higher in a state of culture. Flowers yellow ; June. iS*. herbacea is the least of British willows, and, ac- cording to Sir J. E. Smith, the least of all shrubs. Dr. Clarke, in his Scandinavia, calls it a perfect tree in miniature ; so small, that it may be taken up, and root, trunk, and branches spread out in a small pocket-book. 162. -S". pola'ris Wahlenb. The Polar Willow. Identification. Wahlenb. Suec, p. 636. ; Fl. Lapp., p. 261. ; Koch Comm., p. 64. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Wahl. Fl. Lapp., t. 13. f. 1. ; ouxfigs. 1486. and 1487. ; and,/f^. 63. in p. 803. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, very obtuse, nearly entire, glabrous. Catkins of few flowers. Stem filiform, or thread-shaped. (IVahkn- berg.) A diminutive shrub. Lapland. Height 1 in. to 3 in. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellpw ; April, and again in July. The branches and leaves of this species are more tender , during the spring than those of 5. herbacea; the stem is " ""' almost filiform. 1485. 1486. Group xxiii. Hastatce Borrer. Low Shrubs, with very broad Leaves, and exceedingly shaggy and siflcy Catkina*, (Hook Br. Fl.) Prin. sp. 163. and 164. s2 163. iS. HASTA^TA L. Ihe \\2L\bevd-leaved WiWow . Identification. Lin. Sp. P1.,"I443.; Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., 293. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 664 The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Erigravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2. t. S. f. 9. ; Sal. Wob., No. 35. ; our fig. 1488. ; and fig. 3^ p. 799. Spec. Char., c^r. Leaves ovate, acute, serrated, undulated, crackling, g1i| brous ; heart-shaped at the base, glaucous beneath. Stipules unequal); J, I LXVIII. iSALICA CE^ : SA LIX. 789 heart-shaped, longer than the broad footstalks. Catkins very woolly. Ovary lanceolate, glabrous, on a short stalk. (Smit//.) A tall shrub, or small spreading tree. Lapland, Sweden, and in Britain but rare. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow; April and May. Varieties. & S. h. 2 serruldta. S. hastata V/illd. Sp. PL iv. p. eel. — Leaves broadly ovate, heart- shaped at the base. ^ S. h. 3 malifdiia. S. ?Halif61ia Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1617. (For a leaf, see our Jig. iiQ. in p. 739.) — Leaves elliptic oblong, toothed, wavy, thin and crackling, very glabrous. at ? ju S. /^. 4 arbuscida. S. arbuscula WaJil. Ft. Dan. t. 1035., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 138., where there are a figure and description of the female plant (see our fg. 1489., also j%. 138. in p. 818.); S. arbuscula |8 Lin. Fl. Siiec. p. 348. ; S. arbuscula 7 Lin. Sp. PL p. 1343., FL Lap]},, t. 8. f. m. — Leaves lanceolate, serrated with distant, small, and appressed teeth, or almost entire. 1483. S. hastkKi. 14S9. S. h. ar- buscula. jt 104. S. LANA^TA L. The wooWy-Ieaved Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 144G. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 205. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2. Tke Sexes. Both sexes are described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2624. : both sexes of S. chrys&nthos Fl. Dan. are figured in Sal. Wob. Engramnas. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., t. 8. f. x., t. 7. f. 7. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2624. ; our^^. 1490. : and/?. 71. No. 2. in p. 805. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish ovate, pointed, entire ; shaggy on both suifaccs ; glaucous on the under one. Ovary sessile, oblong, glabrous. Styles four times as long as the blunt divided stigmas. Catkins clothed with long, yellow, silky hairs. Ovary nearly sessile, lanceolate, longer than the style. Stigmas imdivided. {Hook.) A low shrub. Scotland, on the Clova Mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. ' The splendid golden catkins at the ends of the young I shoots light up, as it were, the whole bush, and are accom- panied by the young foliage, sparkling with gold and silver. It yields, also, more honey than any other salix. Grafted 'standard high, it would make a delightful little spring- flowering tree for suburban gardens. mnq\ 1490. S. lanita. Group xxiv. Miscellanece A. Kinds of Sdlix described in Sal. Wob., and not included in any of the preceding J Groups. 165. S. .EGYPTi^ACA L. (Sal. Wob., No. 146. ; and ouvfig. 146. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. 166. S. ALPINA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No, 149.; and our ^^. 149. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. 3e 3 790 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1491. S. berberiiblia. ; .* 167. S. BEiiBEUiFO^LiA Pall. The Berberry-leaved Willow. Identification. *Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 2. 84 t. 82. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 683. The Sexes. The male is figured in Sal. IVob. ; tlie female is noticed in the Specific Character. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 140. ; our Jig. 1491. ; andj?^. 140. in p. 818. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, bluntish, with deep tooth- like serratures, glabi'ous, shining, ribbed, and reticulated with veins on botii sides. Capsules ovate, glabrous. {Smith.) A low shrub. Dauria, in rocky places on the loftiest moun- tains ; growing, along with i?hododendron chrysanthuin, near the limits of perpetual snow. Height 6 in. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers yellow ; May. * 168, S. tetraspe'rma Ro.vb. (Sal. Wob., No. 31.; and /g. .31. in p. 797.) is described in our first edition. t 169. S. f^LMiFo'LiA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 158.) is described in our first edition. J* 170. S. viLLo'sA Forben (Sal. Wob,, t. 92. ; and /g. 92. in p. 807.) is described in our first edition. Group XXV. Miscellanea: B. Kindu of Sdlix introduced, and of many of which there arc Plants at Alessrs. Loddigcs's, but ivhkh we have not been able to refer to any of the preceding Groups. — r — ^ S. albescens Schl., S. alnifolia Host, S. Ammannidna Willd., S. angustatai Pursh, S. angustifolia Willd., S. 6etuHna Host, S. candidula Host, S. canes-i cens Lodd,, S. cerasiColia Schl., S. chrysanthos CEd., S. cinnamomea Schl., S.l clethrEelolia Schl., S. conifera Wangenh., S. coruscans Willd., S. cydonijefoliai Schl., S. diibia Hort., S. erikniha. Schl., ^.yiigifolia Waldst. et Kit., S. fininar-j chica Lodd. Cat., S. foliolosa Afzel., S. formosa Willd,, S. fusciita Pursh, S,\ glabrata Schl., S. heterophylla Deb., S. humilis Dec, S. Jacquin/i Host, S.\ livida Wahlenh., S. longifolia Miihlenb., S. JKespilitblia Schl., S. murina Schl.j S. JHyricciides Muhlenb., S. nervosa Schl., S. obtiisa Link, S. obtusifolia' Willd., S. obtusi-serrata Schl., S. pallescens Schl., S. paludosa L/c, S. ;;ersi-j c;ef61ia Hort., S. pyrenaica Gouan, S. pyrifolia Schl., S. recurvata Pursh, S\ ■salviyefolia Link, S. SchradenVrnft Willd.,' S. septentrionalis Host, S. silesiac;j Willd., S. Starke«Mff Willd., S. tetrandra Host. S. /hymeloeoides Host, S\ Treviran« Lk., S. velutina Willd., S. versifolia Spreng., S. waccinioides Host S. W-d\dsteinidna Willd., S. WulfeniftHrt Willd. Appendix. Kinds of Sdlix described or recorded in Botanical Works, but not introduced inl Britain, or not known by these Names in British Gardens. Descriptions am reference to figures are given in our first edition, but here we insert only tii names. S. arctica R. Br., S. desertorum Rich., S. rostrata Rich., S. cinerascci Link, S. grandifolia Ser., S. divaricata Pall., S. hirsuta Thunb., S. pedicellai Desf., S. Integra Thunb., S. japonica Thunb., S. niucronsita Thunb., S. rhaii nifolia Pall., S. Seringea«« Gaudin ; S. serotina Pall. The jjlatcs, which form Judges 791. to 818., contain figures of leaves, of tli natural size, from the engravings of willows given in the Salictum IVoburnensil and against each leaf, or pair of leaves, we have placed the same number, ai the same name, which are given in the Salictum. § i. Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS. 5. S. Forbydna. 4. S. mouindra. /"■^ ^ i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS. LXVIII, 5ALICaVe^ : SA^'LIX. 793 § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. 14. S. lanccol^ta. P I. undulata, 794 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. la S. monlinn- 17. S. Villars«(»20 ■ LXVIII. SALICACEiE: 5aYiX. 795 § i. continued. — Adull Leaves scirated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS. ^ 79C ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS S8. 5. Russelliana. •27. .S. fiagilis. Lxviii. «alica^ce;e : 5'a^lix. 797 § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. 798 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § i. continued. — Adult Leaves seri'nted, nearly $mooth, WILLOWS. 33. S. Meyerid.na 32. S. lOcida. 34. S. pentandra. LXVIII. 5ALICACEiE: 5'A LIX. 799 $ i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth WILLOWS 37. S. nigricans. 800 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. J^XVIII. 5'ALICA CE^. : SA LIX. 801 $ i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. 41. S. Willdenoviana 4-1. S. nltens 802 ARBORETUM KT FIIUTICETUM BRITANNICUM § i. continued, — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. 50. S. tenuiftlia. (J i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. S33 WILLOWS. se. S. pruniaiia. G3. S. polaris. 62. S. herb^icea. 54. S. floribunda. I 58. S. veuulosa. M. a. oarinita. 3f 2 01. S. proci'imbens- 804 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Adult Leaves eiitire, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. § iii. Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. WILLOWS. LXVIII. ^ALICACEiE: SA LIX. § iii. continued. — Leaves all nhaggy, woolly, or silky. 805 71. S. lankta. 74. S. sericea. 73. S. Lapprmutn. 3f 3 V' 76. S. prote«/oftVi. 806 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. WILLOWS. ^i||\ 80. S. adscindei.s. 8). S. DarvifbUa.j Pi. S. rcpens. LXVm. .9AL1CA CE^ : SA LIX. 807 § iii. continued. — Leaves alt shaggy, woolly, or silky. WILLOWS. 90, S. incii 'D SALLOWS. .*;. grisoiitnsia. i «">. .S'. pennsylvaniai. * LXVIU. ^ALICA^CEiE: SA^LIX. 809 § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. 100. S. strepida. s. 102. S. rivularis. s. 810 ARBORETUM £T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. SALLOWS. Il'^ 105. S. dvlra. s LXVIII. .s-alicaYe/K : ■S'a''lix. 811 § iii. continued. — Leuivx all shriggi^, woolly, or silky, 109. S. Andersonj'una. s. 110. S. Forsteriaua. g. 812 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 114. S. cotinilt)iia. s § iii. continued. — Lpnves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. ^ilK SALLOWS. ifllilli ] IS. .?. crassifblia. ». i LXVIII. iSALICA CEiE : ^-A LIX. 813 § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggt/, ivoolly, or silky, SALLOWS. 814 ARBORETUM E']- FRUTICETUM BRITANNICIM. § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, ivoollt/, or silkii. 122. S. ckpr^s. K. SALLOWS. 126. S. oleifBlia. s. I.XVIII. 5AI,ICA CEA'. : S\ LIX- 815 § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy^ imolli), or silky. SALLOWS. 130. S. macro, stipulacea. s. 816 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICU.M. iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. SALLOW AND OSIER. r )32. S. stipularfs. o. I ^ iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, tvool/y, or silky. ol7 OSIERS AND WILLOWS. j.- 5 ea.^rQ!ea. i VA. S. Smithzdns. 3 G 818 § iv. Miscellaneous Kinds. WILLOWS, OSIERS, AND SALLOWS. 149. S. alplna. t 142. S. cordats. LXViii. 5alica'ce^: po'pulus. 819 Genus II. PO'PULUS Tourn. The Poplar. Lin. Syst. Dicc'cia Octandria. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 350. ; Lin. Gen., 526. ; Theo. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PL Germ. Illust. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 4. p. 242. Synojitjmes. Peuplier, Fi: ; Pappel, Ger. ; Pioppo, Ital. ; Poplier, Dutch ; Alamo, Span. Derivation. Some suppose the word P6pulus to be derived from pallo, or paipalld, to vibrate or shake ; others, that the tree obtained its name from its being used, in ancient times, to decorate the public places in Rome ; where it was called art>or populi, or the tree of the people. Bullet derives the name also from populus, but says that it alludes to the leaves being easily agitated, like the people. From the Spanish name for this tree, alatno, is derived the word alameda, the name given to the public walks in Spain, from their being generally planted with poplars. Gen, Char., Sfc. Bractea to the flower of each sex laciniated in its terminal edge. Male flower consisting of a calyx, and 8 stamens at fewest ; in many instances many more. Female floiver consisting of a calyx and a pistil. (G. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated, with the disk more or less oblate, and the petiole in most compressed in the part adjoining the disk. Floivers in catkins, greenish, red, or yellow. Seed cottony, ripe in a month or six weeks after the appearance of the flowers. Decaying leaves yellow, yellowish green, or black. — Trees deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, or North America. They are all of rapid growth, some of them extremely so ; and they are all remarkable for a degree of tremulous motion in their leaves, when agitated by the least breath of wind. The catkins of the males of most of the species are very ornamental, from the red or dark brown tinge of their anthers, and from their being produced very early in spring, when the trees are leafless. The females of all the species have their seeds enveloped in abundance of cottony down ; which, when ripe, and the seeds are shed, adheres to every ol)ject near it ; and is so like cotton wool in appearance and quality, that it has been manufactured into cloth and paper, though it has been found deficient in elasticity. The wood of the poplar is soft, light, and generally white, or of a pale yellow. It is of but little use in the arts, except in some departments of cabinet and toy making, and for boarded floors ; for which last purpose it is well adapted, from its whiteness, and the facility with which it is scoured ; and, also, from the difficulty with which it catches fire, and the slowness with which it burns. In these respects, it is the very reverse of deal. Poplar, like other soft woods, is generally considered not durable ; but this is only the case when it is exposed to the changes of the external atmosphere, or to water. One of the most valuable properties of the poplar is, that it will thrive in towns in the closest situations ; and another is, that, from the rapidity of its growth, it forms a screen for shutting out objects, and affords shelter and shade sooner than any other tree. All the kinds, whether indigenous or foreign, are readily propagated by cuttings or laye/s, and some of them by suckers. The species which produce suckers may all be propagated by cuttings of the roots. They all Uke a moist soil, rich rather than poor, parti- cularly when it is near a running stream ; but none of them thrive in marshy soil, as is commonly supposed, though in such situations the creeping-rooted kinds are to be preferred, as living on the surface. S 1. P. a'lb.\ L. The white Poplar, or Ahele Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1463. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 243. ; Hook. Brit. Fl., ed. 2., p. 432. Synonymes. P. alba latifcJlia Lob. Ic. 2. p. 193. fig. 1.; P. major Mill. Diet. 8. No. 4. ; P. nivea WiUd. Arb. 111. ; P. alba nivea Mart. Mill. ; the name of Leuke, given to this species by Uics- corides, is still used among the modern Greeks (see Smith Prod., Sibth. Fl. Grcrca) ; the great white Poplar, great Aspen, Dutch Beech ; Peuplier blanc, Vpreau, Blanc de Hollande, Franc Picard, Fr. ; Aubo, or Aoubero, in some provinces ; weisse Pappel, Silber Pappel, weisse Aspe, Weissalber IJaum, Ger. ; Abeelboom, Dutch. Derivation. The specific name of White applies to the under surface of the leaves, which, when quivering in the wind, give the tree a peculiarly white appearance. The English name of Abeie 3g 2 820 ARBORETUM ET FRU'J'ICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1492. P. alba. Flowers dark brown is derived from tire Dutch name of the tree, Abeel ; and this name is supposed by some to be taken from that of the city of Arbela, in the plains of Nineveh, near which, on the banlcs of the Tigris and Euphrates, great numbers of these trees grew. It is said to be the same tree as that mentioned in the Bible as Abel-shittim, Chittim, Shittim-wood, and Kittim. The Dutch Beech is an old name, given to this tree, as we are informed by Hartlib, in his Compleat Husbandman (IC59), on account of ten thousand trees of it having been brought over all at once from Flanders, and planted in the country places ; where the people, not knowing what they were, called them Dutch beech trees. The French name of Ypreau alludes to the tree being found in great abundance near the town of Ypres. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in the English Flora, and are not unfrequent in plantations. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1618. ; Hayne Abbild,, t. 202. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1492. Spec, Char,, Sfc. Leaves lobed and tootlied ; some- what heart-shaped at the base ; snow-white, and densely downy beneath. Catkins of the female plant ovate. Stigmas 4. {Smith.) Root creeping, and producing numerous suckers. Branches very white, and densely downy when young. Leaves angular, and generally with three principal lobes, variously and unequally toothed, blunt-pointed, veiny; dark green and smooth above, and covered with a thick remarkably white down beneath. The leaves vary very much in form ; and on young luxuriant branches they are almost palmate. The leaves are not folded in the bud, and the buds are without gum. A large tree. Europe, in woods or thickets, in rather moist soil. Height 90 ft. March. Seed ripe ; May. Decaying leaves dark brown. Varieties. These are numerous, but the principal one, P. (a.) canescens, being generally considered as a species, we shall first give it as such ; after enu- merating the varieties which belong to P. alba. t V, a. 2 hyhrida Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 2. p. 423. and Suppl. p. 633. P. alba Bieh. 1. c. ; ? P. intermedia Mertens ; P. a. crassifolia Mertens; and P,gn!,ea. Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Appears to be inter- mediate between P. alba and P. (a.) canescens. It is plentiful in the neighbourhood of streams in Tauria and Caucasus; whence it appears to have been introduced into Britain in 1816. ¥ P. a. 3 acerifolia. P. ocerifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; P. ^uercifolia Hort. ; P. palmata Hort. ; P. arembergica Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; P. belgica Lodd. Cat. 1836. — A very distinct variety of P. alba, with the leaves broad, and deeply lobed, like those of some kinds of ^I'cer. t P. a. i candicans. P. candicans Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; P. nivea Lodd. Cat. — A strong-growing variety of P. alba ; probably identical with P. ffcerifolia. This is the P. tomentosa of the Hawick Nursery, and the hoary poplar of the Edinburgh nurseries, where it is propa- gated by layers. 5? P. a, 5 cBgi/ptiaca Hort. P. a. pallida Hort. ; the Egyptian white Poplar. — A much weaker-growing plant than any of the preceding varieties. 5: P. a. 6 pendula. P. a. var. gracilis ramis pcndentibus ATcrtcns. — Spe- cimens of this variety, of both sexes, are in the Linnean herbiirium ; and there are trees of it on the ramparts at Bremen. ^ 2. P. (a.) cane'scens S7)iitk, The gre}-, or common white. Poplar. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. 1080.; Eng. FI., 4. p. 243. Synnnymes. P. alba Mill. Diet. ed. 8. No. l.-. P. alba fi)lils min6ribus Rait Syn. 44G. ; F. felba fOlio minbre Uauh. Hist. v. 1. p. 2. 160. fig. ; Peuplier grisaille, Fr. The Sexes. Only the female plant is expressly described in the English Flora. The plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden is the male. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1619. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 201. ; and owe fig. 1493. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish, deeply waved, toothed ; hoary and downy beneath. Catkins of the female plant cylindrical. Stigmas 8. It is essentially distinguished from P, alba, as Mr. Crowe first discovered, by the stigmas, which are 8, spreading in two opposite directions. The '\i i LXVIII. SALICA^CEJE l PO'PULUS. 821 bracteas of the fertile flowers are, also, more deeply and regularly cut. The bnmches are more upright and compact. The leaves are rounder, more conspicuously 3-ribbed, and less deeply or acutely lobed ; not folded in the bud, and without gum. They are downy beneath ; but the down is chiefly greyish, and not so white or cottony as in P. alba : in some instances the leaves are glabrous. {Smith.) A tree closely resembling the preceding species, and found in similar situations. The wood of the white poplar weighs, when green, 58 lb. 3oz. per cubic foot ; and in a dried state, 38 lb. 7oz. : it shrinks and cracks considerably in drying, losing one quarter of its bulk. Tlie wood of P. (a.) canescens is said to be much harder and more durable than that of P. alba; in the same manner as the wood of the TiWa. europag'a parvifolia is finer-grained and harder than that of T. e. grandifolia. The wood of both kinds is the whitest of the genus ; and it is used, in France and Germany, for a variety of minor purposes, par- ticularly when lightness, either of weight or colour, is thought desirable ; or where an artificial colour is to be given by staining. It is excellent for form- ing packing-cases, because nails may be driven into it without its splitting. It is used by the turner and the cabinet-maker, and a great many toys and small articles are made of it. The boards and rollers around which pieces of silk are wrapped in merchants' warehouses and in shops are made of this wood, which is peculiarly suitable for this purpose, from its lightness, which prevents it much increasing the expense of carriage. The principal use of the wood of the white poplar in Britain is for flooring-boards ; but for this purpose it requires to be seasoned for two or three years before using. For the abele to attain a large size, the soil in which it is planted should be loamy, and near water ; though on a dry soil, where the tree will grow slower, the timber will be finer-grained, and more durable. In British nurseries, it is commonly propagated by layers ; which, as they seldom ripen the points of their shoots, or produce abundance of fibrous roots the first season, ought to be transplanted into nursery lines for at least one year before removal to their final situation. The tree is admirably adapted for thickening or filling up blanks in woods and plantations ; and, for this purpose, truncheons may be planted 3 in. or 4 in. in diameter, and 10 ft. or 12 ft, high. Owing to the softness of the wood, and its liability to shrink and crack, it is dangerous to cut off very large branches ; and, even when branches of moderate size are cut off, the wound ought always to be covered over with graft- ing clay, or some description of plaster, to exclude the air. The tree is considered, both by French and English authors, as bearing lopping worse than any other species of the genus ; and, when transplanted, the head should never be cut off, and not even cut in, unless in cases where the tree is to be planted in a hot and dr}' soil. 14'J3. p. (a.) can&cens. 1 S 3. P. tre'mula L. The irGvahVmg-leaved Poplar, or Aspen. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 14G4. ; Eng. FL, 4. p. 244. ; Hook. Fl. Scot., 289. Synonymes. P. libyca liaii Syn. 45G. ; P. hybrida Dcd. Fempt. 836. ; P. nigra Trag. Hist. 1033. fig. ; P. pendula Du Rot ; Aspe ; le Tremble, Fr. ; la Tremola, Alberalla, Alberetto, Ital. ; Zitter-Pappel, Espe, Get: I Derivation. The English name of Aspen or Aspe is evidently derived from the German, espe. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in the English Flora. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1909. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 203. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; ■ and OUT fig. 1494. \ Spec. Char., ^c. Young branchlets hairy. Leaves having compressed foot- stalks, and disks that are roundish-ovate, or nearly orbicular ; toothed in a ; repand manner, downy when young, afterwards glabrous on both surfaces. '. Stigmas 4, erect, eared at the base. (Smii/i.) A large tree, but seldom seen so high as P. alba. Europe ; in rather moist woods. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. 3g 3 822 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers brown ; March and April, dark brown or black. Varieties. S P. Seeds ripe ; May. Decaying leaves f. 2 pendula. P. pendula Lodd. Cat. 1836; P. supina Lodd. Cat. ed. 1S36. (The plate of this variety in our first edition, vol. vii.) — The only distinct variety of P. tremula that exists in the neighbourhood of London. 5^ 3 P. i!. 3 IcBvigcita. P. laevigata Ait. Hort. Keiu., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1S36. — Leaves shining, rather larger than in the species. A rapid-growing tree, rather exceeding the middle size, with a straight clean trunk, tall in proportion to its thickness ; and a smooth bark, which becomes grey, and cracks with age. The branches, which extend horizontally, and are not very numerous, at length become pendulous. The young shoots are tough, pliant, and of a reddish colour; and both the wood and the leaves vary exceedingly, according to the dryness or moisture of the soil in which the tree is grown. The young shoots and leaves, produced in the form of suckers from the roots, are greedily eaten by cattle and sheep. The roots, from their nearness to the surface, impoverish the land, and prevent anything else from growing on it luxuriantly ; and the leaves destroy the grass. The wood weighs, when green, 34 lb. 6 oz. ; half-dry, 40 lb. 8 oz. ; and quite dry, 34 lb. 1 oz. : it consequently loses two fifths of its weight by drying. It shrinks by this operation one sixth part of its bulk, and cracks and sphts in an extreme degree. The wood is white and tender : and it is employed by turners ; by coopers, for herring casks, milk-pails, &c. ; by sculptors and engravers ; and i^|y\ by joiners and cabinet-makers ; and for various /J^ ^<■ minor uses, such as clogs, butchers' trays, pack- || saddles, &c. As the roots of this tree chiefly ''m extend close under the surface of the ground, it is better adapted for soils that are constantly wet below, than almost any other tree, since its roots, by keeping so very near the surface, are never out of the reach of the air, which they would be if they penetrated into soil perpetually saturated with water. Propagated by cuttings, but not so readily as most other species. Wherever trees are found, they generally throw up suckers from which plants may be selected ; or cuttings of the roots may be made use of. t 4. P. (t.) tre'pida Willd. The North Amejican tvemhWng-leaved Poplar, or American Aspen. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 803. ; Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 618. Syiionyme. P. tremuloldes Michx. North Atner. Sylva 2. p. 241., K. Du Ha?n. 2. p. 184. The Sexes. A plant of the female is in the London Horticultural Society's arboretum, where it flowered in April, 1833, though only 5 or 6 feet high. The stigmas were 6 or 8. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 53. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 99. f. 1. ; and our fig. 1495. Spec. Char., ^'-c. Disk of leaf suborbiculate, except having an abruptly acuminate point; toothed; having two glands at its base on the upper surface ; silky while young, afterwards glabrous. Bud resinous. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf toothed with hooked teeth, ciliate. Catkins silky. (Mich.) A tree. Canada to Carolina, in swamps ; and found also from Hudson's Bay to the northward of the Great Slave Lake, as far as lat. 64'^. Height 20 ft. to 30ft. Litroduced in 1812. Flowers brown; April. Seed ripe in INIay. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. i49j. p-MatpHi. 1404. P. tiemula. .."If II LXVIII. ^ALICA^EiE : PO'PULUS. 823 Its usual period of leafing, in England, is before that of P. tremula. Among the Cree Indians, the wood is esteemed to burn better, in a green state, than that of any other tree in the country. 2 5. P. (t,) graxdidenta'ta Michx. The Isxge-tootheA-leaved Poplar, or North American large Aspen. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 243. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 619. The Sexes. The female is represented in Michaux's figure. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 99. f. 2. ; and our fig, 1496. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaf, when young, reddish, \-illous, after^fards glabrous on both sur- faces ; the petiole compressed in the terminal part ; the disk roundish-ovate, acute, sinuately toothed with large un- equal teeth. (Pursh,) A tree. Canada. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. with a trunk 10 or 12 inches in diameter. Introduced in 1772. Flowers brown ; April. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Varieti/. !t P. (t.) g. 2 pendida Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer. is said to have pen- dulous branches. H. S. The full-formed disk of the leaf is nearly round, and 2 or 3 inches in width, with large unequal indentations in the margins. The most ornamental of all the poplars, when the leaves expand in spring, from their deep purplish red colour. 1496. p. (t.) grandidcntata. t 6. P. GR^'CA Ait. The Grecian, or Athenian, Poplar. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p. 407. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 804.; X. Du Ham., 2. p. 185. Derivation. The tree is supposed to be a native of North America, and to be named after the Tillage called Athens, on the banks of the Mississippi, where the tree grows abundantly. See Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 231. The Sexes. The female is in the London Horticultural Society's arboretum ; and was, some years ago, in gardens at Bury St. Edmunds, and in the plantations of O. R. Oakes, Esq., at Newton, near that town. Willdenow, in his Sp. PL, also mentions the male as the only one that he had seen living. It is doubtful whether the male is in Britain. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 54. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1497. Spec. Char., S;c. Branch round, glabrous. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf roundish ovate, having a shallow sinus at the base, and terminating in an acute point ; serrated with equal teeth that are adpressed ; glabrous, except being slightly ciliated on the edge. (Willd.) A tree, according to Willd., wild in the islands of the Archipelago j but, not being included in the Prod. Flora Grceca, it is more probably a native of North America. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Seeds ripe in May. Cultivated in Britain in 1779. Flowers brown J March and April. De- caying leaves black. I A handsome vigorous-growing tree, very interesting I when in flower, from its numerous darkish-coloured catkins, which have the plume-like character of those ; of P. tremula, P. trepida, and P. grandidentata. The ' leaves, in their form, colour, and general aspect, re- . semble those of P. trepida, but are longer. 3g 4 824 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 3? 7. P. Ni^GRA L. The \A?ick-barJced, or common black. Poplar. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., t. 14G4. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 245. ; Hook. Fl. Scot., 280. Synonijmes. P. alba Trag. Hist. 1080. fig.; P. vimfnea Jiti Ham. Arb. ; P. vistulensis Hort., P. polonica Hurt. ; Aigeiros, Greek j Kabaki, Modern Greek ; the old English Poplar, Svffulk; the Willow Poplar, Cambridgeshire ; Water Poplar ; the female of P. nigra is called the Cotton Tree at Bury St. Edmunds ; Peuplier noir, Peuplier Hard, Osier blanc, Fr. ; schwarze Pappel, Ger. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1910. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1498. Spec. Char., Sfc. Petiole somewhat compressed. Disk of leaf deltoid, pointed, serrated with glanded teeth, glabrous on both surfaces. Catkins lax, cylindrical. Stigmas 4, simple, spreading. (Smith.) A tree. Europe, from Sweden to Italy, on the banks of rivers, and in moist woods ; and found, also, in the north of Africa. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers dark red ; March and April. Seed ripe in May. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Va7iett/. 3e P. 71. 2 v'lndis Lindl. P. viridis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves of a brighter green than in the species. The leaves are slightly notched on their edges, of a pale light green ; and the petioles are yellowish. The leaves are protruded about the middle of May, much later than those of P. fostigiata, P. alba, or P. (a.) canescens ; and, when they are first expanded, their colour appears a mixture of red and yellow. The catkins are shorter than those of P. tremula or P. alba ; they appear before the leaves, in March and April ; those of the males are of a dark red, and, being produced in abundance, have a striking effect. The capsules of the female catkins are round ; and the seeds which they enclose are en- veloped in a beautiful white cotton. The tree is of rapid growth, especially in good soil, in moist situations, or on the banks of rivers. In the climate of London, it attains the height of 30 or 40 ft. in ten years ; and, Vv'hen planted for timber, arrives at perfection in from forty to fifty years, beginning to decay when about sixty or eighty years old. It is readily known from all other species from the numerous large nodosities on its trunk. It bears lopping ; and, when treated as a poilard, it produces abun- dance of shoots. In moist soil, when cut down to the ground annually, it throws up numerous shoots, like wil- lows. The wood is yellow, soft, and, being more fibrous than that of any other species of poplar, it splits more readily than the wood of either P. alba or P. tremula. It weighs, in a green state, 60 lb. 9oz. per cubic foot; half- dry, 421b. 13 oz. ; and dry, 29 lb. : thus losing more than one half its weight by drying ; and it loses, by shrinking, more than a sixth of its bulk. It is apphed to all the different purposes of that of P. alba, but its most general use on the Continent is for packing-cases, more especially for the transport of bottled wines. In Berlin, the wood produced by knotty trunks, which is curiously mottled, is much used by cabinetmakers ibr making ladies' workboxes, which are celebrated both in Germany and France. This wood is brought from the banks of the Vistula, where the tree abounds, and hence the names of P. vistulensis and P. polonica. i 8. P. (? N.) canade'nsis Michx. The Canadian Poplar. Identification. Michx. Arb., 3. p. 298. ; N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 227. Synonijmes. P. laevigata Willd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 803., Pursh Fl. Jyner. Sept. t. 2. p. C19., S.preng. Si/st. J'eg. 2. p. 244., but not of Hort. Ketv. ; P. moniUfera Hort. Par., Nouv. Cours, &c. ; Cottoii-wooo, Michx. ; Peuplier de Canada, Fr. in Nouv. Cours d'Agri. edit. 1822, tom. xi. p. 407. The Sexes. Willdenow has seen the male living; Bosc says that only the female is in France. Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. t. 11. ; North Amer. Syl., 2. t. 95. ; and ourfig. 1499. 149S. P. nigra. LXVIII. 5'ALIC.OCE^ : PO'PULUS. 825 1499. p. (n.) canadensis. 1500. P. canadensis. Spec. Char., Sfc. Young brandies angled. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf roundish ovate, deltoid, acuminate, subcordate at the base, where there are glands, serrated with unequal teeth, glabrous. The branches are angular, and the angles form whitish Hnes, which persist even in the adult age of the tree. The trunk is furrowed, even in old age ; less so than that of P. an- gulata, more so than that of P. monilifera. The young buds are gummy. The catkins of the female are from 6 in. to 8 in. long. {Mickx.') A large tree. North America, in high rocky places between Canada and Virginia, and about the western lakes. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1769. Flowers red ; April and May. Seeds ripe in June. Decaying leaves yellow. In Britain, the Canadian poplar used to be very commonly propagated in nurseries, and extensively introduced into plantations ; but, within the last 30 years, the black Italian poplar (P. monilifera) has been substituted for it. Bosc says that the Canadian poplar approaches nearer to P. nigra than any other species ; and Mi- chaux, in 1840, expressed to us the same opinion, and in short that it was difficult to distinguish them. Propagated by cuttings of the young wood, about 18 in. long, put in during autumn. The first shoots produced from these cuttings are always curved at the lower extremity, though in a ievr years this curvature entirely disap- pears. The same thing takes place with the cuttings of P. monilifera. "f 9. P. (? N.) iJETULiFo'LiA Pu'i'sh. The Birch-leaved Poplar. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 619. ; Spreng. Syst Veg., 2. p. 244. Synonymes. P. nigra ilichx. Fl. Amer. Bor. 2. p. 244. ; P. hudsonica Michx. Arb. 3. p. 293. t. 10. f. 1., Nurlh Amer. Syl. 2. p. 230. ; P. hudsoniana Bosc, and Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; American black Poplar, Amer. ; Pcuplier de la Baie d'Hudson, Fr. The Sexes. It is uncertain whether it is the male or female plant that is in European collections. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 10. f. 1. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. t. 96. f. 1. ; and our fig. 1501. Spec. Char., Sj~c. Young branches yellow. Branchlets hairy when young. Petioles yellow, and also hairy when young. Disk of leaf rhomboid, but much acumi- nated ; toothed in every part of the edge ; hairy on the under surface when young, but afterwards glabrous. The catkins are 4 in. to 3 in. long, and destitute of the hairs which surround those of several other species. (Mich,v.) A tree, found by Michaux on the banks of the river Hudson, a little above Albany ; and by Puish about Lake Ontario. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in ? 1780. Flowers ?. Tolerably distinct ; and forming a small, neat, deep- green-leaved tree, but in our opinion only a variety of P. nigra. M. Michaux, in 1840, acknowledged the proba- bility of this being the case. 5^ 10. P. (? N.) monili'fera Ait. The Necklace-bearing, or hlach IlaUan, Poplar. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p. 406. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 618. Synonymes. P. virgini^na Lin., Dcsf. Hort. Par., IMim. Bot. Cult, torn 6. p. 4(i0., Nouv. Cows d'Agri. torn. 11. p. 407.; P. glandulbsa Mccnch ISIelli. p. 3.30. ; P. carolincnsis ilccnch Weissenst. 81., Burgsd. Anleit. 378. ; P. nigra itdlica Lodd. Cat. edit. 1830 ; P. nigra americana Ibid. ; P. 1501. P. (n.) ietulif. lia 826 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETU.Al BRITANNICUM. acladesca Lindl. in Enc. of Plants, p. 840.; ? P. maryUtndica Bosc Nouv. Cours. art. Pouplier, p. 409.; Virginian Poplar, Swiss Poplar, Canadian or Berr5'-bearing Poplar, Mill.; Peuplier Suisse, Peuplier tripliilon (see Nouv. Cours), Peuplier de Virginie, Bumont. Derivation. The epithet necklace-bearing alludes to the shape of the female catkins, which, in their capsules, and the manner in which these are attached to the rachis, resemble strings of beads. Swiss poplar, and black. Italian poplar, allude to the tree being very abundant in Switzerland and the north of Italy. The Sexes. Both sexes are frequent in British collections, but the male is most abundant. The female is figured and described by Watson (see Dend. Brit., 1. 102.), who has figured some parts of the male flower in the same plate. Both male and female are abundant in French gardens ; the male is known bv the petioles of the leaves being red, while those of the female are white. Engravings. Michx. Arb., t.lO. f.2.; N. Amer. Syl., 2. t.9G. f. 2.; Wats. Dend. Brit., 2. 1. 102.; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. vii.; and our fig. 1502. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shoot more or less angular. Branch round. Petiole slender, compressed in the upper part ; in some leaves, shorter than the disk, in others longer. Disk deltoid, glanded at the base, which is sub- cordate in some leaves, and very obtusely wedge-shaped in others ; tip acute ; edge serrated all round, except in the central part of the base, and at the acute tip ; the teeth have incurved points ; glabrous except in the edge, which, at least when the leaf is growing, is ciliate ; edge ultimately and perhaps early, gristly. Male flowers about 30 in a catkin, upon pe- dicels. Bractea glabrous. Stamens 16, a httle longer than the corolla. Female flowers about 40 in a catkin. Stigmas 4, dilated, jagged. It is rather doubtful to what country this poplar is indigenous : Canada is given as its native country in the Hortus Kewejish ; but in the Nouveau du Hamel it is stated to be a native of Virginia. Michaux, jun., states that neither he nor his father ever found it wild in America ; and Pursh adds that he has only seen it in that country in gardens. According to the Hortus Kew- ensis, it was introduced into Britain by Dr. John Hope, in 1772. It is a tree, according to Pursh, from 60 ft. to 70 ft. high in America ; but in Britain it grows to the height of 100 or 120 ft., or upwards ; flowering in March, and ripening its seeds about the middle of May. Decaying leaves greenish yellow, or rich yellow. Voieties. 2 P. (h.) VI. 2 Lindlei/iina, Booth. The new waved-leaved Poplar, Hort. — Leaves rather larger than in the species, and they are somewhat more undulated. H. S. If P. (n.) VI. Sfo/iis variegdtu Hort. — Leaves variegated; conspicuous in early spring, but afterwards unsightl}'. P. raonilifera is the most rapid-growing of all the poplars ; and its timber is equal, if not superior, in quality to that of any other species. It comes into leaf, in the climate oi'" London, in the last week of April, or in the beginning of May, long after the P. fastigiata, but about the same time as P. nigra, of which we believe it to be only a variety, about which time the male catkins have chiefly dropped off. The cottony seed of the female is ripe about the middle of May, and is so abundant, even in young trees, as to cover the ground under them like a fall of snow. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, on good soil, is between 30 ft. and 40 it. in 7 years ; even in Scotland it has attained the height of 70 ft. in 16 years. The wood may be applied to the same purposes as that of the species pre- viously described ; but, being of larger dimen- sions, it may be considered as better fitted for being used in buildings. Pon- tey observes that the tree is not only an astonishinglj' quick grower, but that its stem is remarkably straight ; and that, with very trifling attention to side pruning, it may be kept clear of branches to any required height. For these 1502. P. (n.) monilifeni. I 1 1 «/^ LXVIII. S-ALICA^CE-E : PO'PULUS. 827 reasons, he considers it the most profitable of ail trees to plant in masses in a fertile soil, rather moist. At Fontainebleau, the female tree bears fertile seeds, from which many thousand plants come up annually in the walks, and are mostly destroyed, though some varieties have been selected from them. S 11. P. fastigca'ta Des/! The fastigiate, or LomiajY/y, Poplar. Jdcntification. Desf. Hist. Arb., t. 2. p. 465. Si/nnnt/mcs. P. dilatata Ait. Hoj-t. Kew. 3. p. 406. ; P. nigra italica Du Rot Harhk. 2. p. 141. ; P. it'ilica Mccnch ]''cisscnsf. 79. ; P. italica dilatata WiUd. ; P. pyramidata Hort. ; P. panndnica Jacq. ; P. italica var. carolinensis Burgsdorf ; Cypress Poplar, Turin Poplar, Po Poplar ; Peuplier d'ltalie, Peuplier pyramidal, Fr. ; Lombardische Pappel, Italianische Pappel, Ger. ; Pioppo C}'presso, Ital. The Sexes. Plants of the male are plentiful In England. The female is known to be extant in Lombardy, whence we received dried specimens and seeds in November, 1836. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xii.) M. C. A. Fischer, inspector of the University Botanic Garden, Gottingen, found, in 1827, a single i>lant of the female, after having many years before sought fruitlessly for it, among many thousands of plants around Gottingen. (See Gard. Mag., vol. vi. p. 419, 420.) Engravzngs. Thouin and Jaurae St. Hilaire, t. 152. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our,/?:,'. 1503. in which a represents the female catkins with the blossoms expanded ; b, the female catkins with seeds ripe ; c, a portion of the female catkin of the natural size ; d, a single flower of the natural size ; and e, a single flower magnified. .7J^#^"VH^„ spec. Char., t'j-c. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf deltoid, M'idcr than long, crenulated in the whole of the edge, even the base ; glabrous upon both surfaces. Leaves in the bud involutely folded. A fastigiate tree. 828 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Persia, and apparently indigenous in Italy. Height 100 ft. to 150 ft. In- trod. 1758. Flowers red ; March and April. Decaying leaves yello^-. The Lombardy poplar is readily distinguished ft-om all other trees of this genus by its tall narrow form, and by the total absence of horizontal branches. The trunk is twisted, and deeply furrowed ; and the wood, which is small in quantity in proportion to the height of the tree, is of little worth or duration, being seldom of such dimensions as to admit of its being sawn up into boards of a useful width. The leaves ai'e very similar to those of P. nigra, and the female catkins to those of P. monilifera ; the male catkins resemble those of P. nigra, and have red anthers, but are considerably more slender. One difference between P. fastigiata and P. nigra is, that the for- mer produces suckers, though not in any great abundance, while the latter rarely produces any. P. fastigiata, also, in the climate of London, protrudes its leaves eight or ten days sooner than P. nigra. The rate of growth of P. fastigiata, when planted in a loamy soil, near water, is very rapid. In the village of Great Tew, in Oxfordshire, a tree, planted by a man who, in 1835, was still living in a cottage near it, was 125 ft. high, having been planted about 50 years. 3" 12. P. angula'ta ah. The ^w^edi-branched, or Carolina, Poplar. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3 p. 407. ; Michx. N. Araer. Sylva, 2. p. 224. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. G19. Synont/mcs. P. angulBsa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 243. ; P. heterophvlla Du Roi Harbk. 2. p. 150.; P. raacrophylla Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836; P. balsamlfera Hill. Diet. No. 5. ; Mississippi Cotton Tree, Amer. The Sexes. A plant at Ampton Hall, Suffolk, and one in the London Horticultural Society's arbo- retum, are both of the male sex. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 94. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 39. f. 9. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. vii. ; and oar figs. 1504. and 1505. Si^ec. Char., Sfc. Bud not resinous, green. Shoot angled, with wings. Disk of leaf ovate, deltoid, acuminate, toothed M'ith blunt teeth that have the point incurved, glabrous : upon the more vigorous shoots, the disk is heart- shaped, and very large ; branches brittle. (31iclix.) A large tree. Virginia, Florida, and on the Mississippi, in morasses, and on the banks of rivers. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers reddish or purplish ; March. Decaying leaves greenish yellow. 1304. P. angulata. Varieties. ± P. a. 2 nova Audibert. — Hort. Soc. Garden in 1836. If P. ff. 3 Mediisis Booth. — Hort. Soc. Garden in 1836. The shoots of tliis species, when young, are extremely succulent ; and, as they continue growing late in the summer, they are frequently killeil down several inches by the autumnal frosts. After the tree has attained the height of 20 or 3U feet, which, in the climate of London, it does in five or six years, this is no longer the case ; because the shoots produced are shorter and less succulent, and, of course, better ripened. According to Michaux, the leaves 1 I Si LXVIII. i'ALICA^CE^ : Po'rULUS. 829 when they first un- fold are smooth and brilliant, 7 in. to 8 in. long on \oung plants, and as much in breadth ; while on trees 30 or 40 feet high they are only one fourth the size. As an ornamental tree, it forms a very stately object ; but, from the brittleness of the branches, they to be torn off by high winds. The wood is of little use either England. Propagated by layers, as it strikes less freely from most of the other species. 1503. P. angulaU. are very in Amer cuttings liable ica or than ^ 13. P. heterophy'lla L. The vaxio\i?,-shaped-\ea.\edi Poplar Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1464. ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 244. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 619. Si/no?i!/mfs. P. magna, foliis amplii, &c., Gron. I'iyg. 104. l.'S;. ; P. cordifdlia Burgsdorf, Lodd. Cat. edit. 1S36 ; P. argentea Michx. North Amer. bylva 2. p. 235. t. 97. ; Cotton Tree, Mickx. N. A.S. J I , The Sexes. Only the male is in British gardens. £ngravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t 97. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 51. ; and our Jig. 1506. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shoot round, tomentose. Leaf, while young, tomentose ; afterwards less so, or glabrous. Petiole but slightly compressed. Disk roundish ovate, having a small sinus at the base, and being slightly auricled there (or, as JNIichaux, jun., has expressed it, with the lobes of the base lapped, so as to conceal the junction of the petiole), blunt at the tip, toothed ; the teeth shallow, and having incurved points. Male flowers polyandrous. Female flowers glabrous, situated distantly along the gla- brous rachis, and upon long pedicels. (j\Iic/i.r.) A tree. New York to Carolina, in swamps, and more particularly in the country of the Illinois, and on the western rivers. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. in America; 8ft. to 10 ft. in England. Introduced in 1765. Flowers reddish. Decaying leaves greenish yellow ; April and May. We have never seen plants of this species higher than 5 or 6 feet ; though a specimen tree in the IVIile End Nursery, and another at Syon, must have been planted more than 50 or 60 years ; and though it is said by Bosc to be a lofty tree in the neighbourhood of Paris. It is a very remarkable species, from the particular character of its leaves, which, though as large as, or larger than, those of P. angulata, and something resembling them in outline and in position on the branches, yet have nearly cylindrical foot- stalks, and their disks hanging down on each side from the midrib in a flaccid manner, not observable in any other spe- cies of the genus. The young branches and the annual shoots are round, instead of being angular, like those of P. angulata, P. canadensis, and P. monilifera. The leaves, while very young, are covered with a thick white down, which gradually disappears with age, till they at last I become perfectly smooth above, and , '^I'glitly downy beneath. Propagated by inarching on any of the varieties ot 1 P. nigra. If this species were grafted at the height of 30 or 40 feet on P. , monilifera, it would form a very singular and beautiful drooping tree. 1506. p. hetcroph^Ua. 830 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM t 14. P. balsami'fera L. The Balsam-bearing Poplar, or Tacavmhac Tree. IdenHfication. Lin. Syst. Veg., 43. ; Mich. North Amer. Sylva, 2. p. 237. t. 98. ; Pursh Sept., 9. p. 618. Synonymes. P. Tacamahdca Mill. Diet., No. 6. ; the Tacamahac, Amer. ; le Baumier, Fr. ; Peu- plier Hard, and also Tacamahac, in Canada ; Balsam Pappel, Ger. The Sexes. Plants of the male are in English gardens, and trees are occasionally found with male and female flowers on the same catkin. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 98. f. 1. ; Du Ham. Arb., ed. nov., 2. t. hO. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 41. ; the pl.ite of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jigs. 1507. and 1508., and Jig. 1509. from Pall. Ross. Spec. Char., <^-c. Shoot round. Bud very gummy. Petiole round. Disk of leaf ovate-acuminate, or ovate-lanceolate, serrated with depressed teeth ; deep green on the upper surface, whitish on the under one, and tomentose there, but rather inconspicuously so, and netted with glabrous veins. Sti- pules subspinescent, bearing gum. Stamens 16, or more. {Michx.') A tree of the middle size. North America, in the most northern parts, and in Dahuria and Altai. Height 4-0 ft. to 50 ft. ; in America, 80 ft. Introduced in 1692. Flowers purplisii ; March and April. Decaying leaves brown and black. 150S, 1009. P. tolsamifera. Varieties. 3^ P ; P. ^alicifolia (Onv Jig. 1510. 1510. P. 1). viminMis. f b. 2 vimindlis. P. viminalis Load. Cat. ed. 1836 Horf.; P. longifolia Fixcher. Pall. Ross. t. 41. B. from a living plant.) — A native of Altai, with slender twiggy branches, and leaves nearly lanceolate. Lodd. 1 P. 6. 3 latifolia Hort. — Leaves rather broader than those of the species. H.S. 5 P. Z-. 4 intermedia Hort., Pall. Fl. Ross t. 41. A. — A native of Dahuria, with stout, short, thick branches knotted with wrinkles ; and ovate, long, and rather narrow leaves ; and generally attaining only the height of a large shrub. Hort. Soc. Garden. "i P. b. 5 suavcolens. P, suaveolens Fischer, and Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. ; the new sweet-scented Poplar of the nurseries. — Said to be more fragrant than any other form of the species. 'i P. b. QfoUis varicgdtis INliller. — Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Gard The balsam poplar, in the climate of London, is the very first tree that comes ; j^'' LXIX. i?ETULA^CE;E : ^'LNUS. 831 into leaf ; its foliage is of a rich gamboge yellow, and so fragrant as in moist evenings to perfume the surrounding air. The tree is remarkably hardy, but, unless in the vicinity of water, it seldom attains a large size in England, or is of great duration. Readily propagated by suckers, which it sends up in abun- dance ; or by cuttings, which, however, do not strike so readily as those of the poplars belonging to P. nigra. *i 15. P. ca'ndicans Ait. The \\hi\.h\\-leaved Balsam-bearing, or Ontario, Poplar, Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 406. ; Michx. N Amer. Sylva, 2. p. 239. t. 98. f. 2. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 618. Synonyjnes. P. macrophylla Lindl. in Encyc. of Plants p. 840. ; P. latifblia Mccnch Meth. p. 338. ; P. ontariensis Desf, Hort. Par. ; P. cordata Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; P. canadensis Mcench Weissenst. 81., but not of Michx. which is P. IsevigSta IVilid. ; Balm of Gilead Tree, Boston, North Amer. ; Peuplier liard, Canada ; Peuplier a Feuilles vernissees, Fr. The Sexes. The male is in the London Horticultural Society's Garden ; the female is in the Duke of 'Wellington's garden at Apsley House, London. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 98. f. 2. ; and our^. 1511. Spec. Char., ^c. Shoot round. Bud very gummy. Stipules gummy. Pe- tiole compressed in its upper part, hairy in many instances. Disk of leaf heart-shaped at the base, ovate, acuminate ; serrated with blunt unequal teeth ; 3-nervedj deep green on the upper surface, whitish on the under one, on which the veins appear reticulate. Inflorescence similar to that of P. balsamifera, and the disk of the leaf thrice as large as in that species. (^Mickx.) A tree. North America, in the states of Rhode Island, Massa- chusetts, and New Hampshire. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers purplish ; March, Decaying leaves brownish. The Ontario poplar bears a close general resemblance to the balsam poplar : it has the rigid fastigiate habit of that tree, its fine fragrance, and its property of throwing up numerous suckers ; but it differs from it, in having very large heart-shaped leaves, and in attaining a larger size, both in its native country, and in British gardens. The buds are covered with the same balsamic sub- stance as those of P. balsamifera ; and the leaves are of the same fine yellow coloui* in spring, though they come out a fortnight later. Like those of the balsam poplar, they preserve, at all stages of their growth, the same shape. Readily propagated by cuttings or suckers, but the tree will not attain a isn. p. candicans. large size unless on rich soil near water; though, as the roots creep along the surface, the soil need not be deep. Order LXIX. ^ETULA^CE^. Ord. Char. Floiuers hermaphrodite, or unisexual. Perianth free, 4 — 5 lobed. Stamens^ — 12. Oj^crmm solitary. Stigmas 2, disVmct. i^raf^ indehiscent, 2-celled, compressed, sometimes expanded into wings at the sides. Seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous. Albumen none. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated. Flowen in terminal catkins. — Trees deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Propagated by seeds or layers. The genera are two, which are thus contra-distinguished : — ^'lnus Tourn. Female catkins cylindrical ; seeds furnished with a membrans on each side. 5e'tula Toz/ra. Female catkins oval, borne on a branchy peduncle ; seeds not bordered with membranes. 832 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. .4'LNUS Tourn. Tre Alder. Lin. Si/st. Monoe'cia Tetrandria i Identification. Tourn., t. 359. ; Willd. Sp. PI., i. p. 334. ; Hall. Hist., 2. p. 300. ; Gfcrtn., t. 90. Synonyincs. Betw\?e species Lin. ; Aune, Fr. ; Erie, Ger. ; Ontano, Ital. ; Aliso, Span. Derivation. From al, near, and liin, tlie edge of a river, Celtic ; habitat: from the Hebrew, alon, an oak : or, according to others, from alitur amne, it thrives by the river. Gen. Char. Barren flowers numerous, aggregate, in a loose cylindrical catkin Cfl'/yj:' a permanent wedge-shaped scale, 3-flowered, with two very minute lateral scales. Corolla composed of three equal florets. Filaments 4, from the tube of the corolla. Anthers of two round lobes. — Fertile floivers fewer, aggregate, in an oval firm catkin. Calyx a permanent wedge-shaped scale, 2-tiowered. Corolla none. Styles 2. Stigma simple. Nut ovate, without wings. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Floivers terminal, greenish white, appearing earlier than the foliage, in pendulous catkins. — Trees deciduous, natives of Europe and North America; rarely exceeding the middle size, and some so low as to be considered shrubs. With the exception of A. glutinosa laciniata and A. cordifolia, the species are not very ornamental ; nor is the timber of great value, except for the charcoal which may be made from it. All the species prefer a moist soil, or one in the vicinity of water. A. glutinosa ripens seeds freely, as do most of the other sorts ; but all the latter are generally propagated by layers. De- caying leaves dark brown or black, and not very ornamental. 5 1. A. GLUTiNO*SA Gcertn, The glutinous, or comvion. Alder. Identification. Ga-rtn., 2. p. 54. ; EnR. Fl., 4. p. 131. ; Hook. Lond., t. .59.; Scot., 271. Synonymes. ^ttulus j^'lnus Lin. ; B. emargin&.ta Ehrk. Arb. 9. ; yi'lnus Baii Syn. 442. ; Aune, Fr. ; gemeine Ebe, or Elser, or Schwartz Erie, Ger. ; Elsenboom, Dutcli ; Alno, or Ontano, Ital. ; Aliso, or Alamo nigro, Span. Engravings. Eng. 13ot., t. 1508.; Hunt. Evel. Syl., 240. f. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onr fig. 1514. Spec. Char., S,-c. Leaves roundish, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated, glutinous, rather abrupt ; downy at the branching of the veins beneath. (S7mfh.) A deciduous tree. Europe, from Lapland to Gibraltar ; and Asia, from the White Sea to Mount Caucasus ; and also the North of Africa. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers brownish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brownish black, or almost black. J'arieties. 3^ A. emargindta Willd. Baum. 19. — wedge-shaped, and edged with light green. A. g. 3 laciniata Ait., Willd. 1. c, Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. A. g. incisa Hort. (The plate of a fine tree at Syon, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1512.) — Leaves oblong and pinnatifid, with the lobes acnte. Wild in the north of France, particularly in Normandj', and in the woods of Montmorency near Paris. A. g. 4 qiicrcifdiia Willd. 1. c. — Leaves sinuated, with the lobes obtuse. A. g. 5 o.vyacantliccfolia. A, oxyacantha- foUa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (Our fg. 1513.) — Leaves sinuated and lobed ; smaller than those of the preceding va- riety, and somewhat resembling those of the common hawthorn. i-xix. ^etula'cea: : ^'lnus. 833 A. g. oxyacantheefilia 5f A. g, 6 macrocdrpa, A. macrocarpa Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves and fruit rather larger than those of the sjjecies, and the tree is also of somewhat more vigorous growth. 55 A. g. 7 ffViiis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. Other Varieties, The following names are applied to ^ plants in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges : A. nigra, A. rubra, a native of the Island of Sitcha, A. p/icdta, and A. unduldta. The alder, in a wild state, is seldom seen higher than 40 or 50 feet ; but, in good soil near water, it will attain the height of 50 or 60 feet and upwards. A. g. laciniiita forms a handsome pyramidal tree, which, at Syon, has attained the height ol' 63 ft. ; and at Woburn Farm, near Chertsey, is still higher. The rate of growth of the alder, in a favourable soil and situation, is about 2 or 3 feet a year for four or five years ; so that a tree 10 years planted will frequently attain the height of 20 or 25 feet ; and at 60 years the tree is supposed to have arrived at maturity, j^^ The roots are creeping ; and sometimes, but rarely, they throw up suckers. The tree does not associate well with others, with the ex- ception of the ash (Baudril.) ; but its shade and fallen leaves are not injurious to grass. Near water it retains its leaves longer than any other British deciduous tree. The wood, though soft, is of great durability in water. It weighs, when green, 62 lb. 6 oz. ; half-dry, 48'"lb. 8 oz. ; and quite dr}', 39 lb. 4 oz., per cubic foot ; thus losing above a thn-d of its weight by drying, while it shrinks about a twelfth part of its bulk. In the Dictioiinaire des Eaux et Forets, the wood is said to be unchange- able either in water or earth. It is used for all the various purposes to which soft homogeneous woods are generally applied ; nN- viz. for turnery, sculpture, and cabinet- ^ making ; for wooden vessels, such as basins, ' plates, and kneading-troughs ; for sabots, wooden soles to shoes and pattens, clogs i^"- -«■ giutinosa. for women, and similar purposes. At Culzean Castle, Ayrshire, the alder is I used as a nurse plant in situations exposed to the sea breeze. (See Gard. I Mag. for 18-41.) ', For raising the alder from seeds, the catkins should be gathered in dry I weather, as soon as the seeds are matured, and carried to a loft, where they 1 should be spread out thinly. The proper time of sowing is March ; and I the covering, which ought to be of very light soil, should on no account The plants from spring-sown to 6 in. the first summer. The that heiirht ; and in three or i exceed a quarter of an inch in thickness. 'seeds will attain the height of from 3 in. second year they will be double or treble Itour years, if properly treated, they will be 5 or 6 feet high. The nursery |culture and after-management in plantations have nothing peculiar in them ; "except that, when full-grown trees are to be cut down, it is advisable to disbark ■hem a year before, that the wood, which is very watery, may be thoroughly jseasoned ; a practice as old as the time of Evelyn. When alders are cut llown as coppice-wood in spring, when the sap is in motion, care should ?e taken that the cuts are not made later than March ; and that they are in 1 sloping direction upwards. If, at this season, the cuts are made down- 'vards, the section which remains on the stool will be so far fractured as, 3 H 834 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ohloiig-leaved Alder. S2)ec. C/iar., Sfc. 1515. A. oblongata. ISIfj. ^. oblniigata. by the exudation of the sap and the admission of the weather, no longer to throw up vigorous shoots, and it will decay in a few years. S 2. A. oblonga'ta Wi/ld. The Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 335. ; Baum., p. 20. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 215. Synonymes. ^'Inus fol. oblong., &c., Bauh. ; A. fol. ovato- lanceol., &c., Mill- Bid. ed. 7. ; langliche Else, Ger. Engravings. Our fig. 151.5. from a specimen in Sir W. J. fiooker's herbarium; and fig. ]5\6. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. Leaves elliptic, somewhat obtuse, glutinous ; axils of the veins naked on the under s\de.(Wi//d.) A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Hungary, Aus- tria, and Turkey. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1749. Flowers greenish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October or November. Varieti/. m ^ A. 0. 2fdlus ellip- ticis Ait. A. pu- mila Lodd. Cat. — The leaves are somewhat narrower than in the species. 3* 3. A. inc.\'na Willd. The hoary-leaved Alder. Identification. Willd. Sp. ,P1., 4. p. 335. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 215. ; Hoss Anleilung, p. 190. Synonynies. B. y^'lnus var. incana Lin. Sp. PI. 1394. ; B. incana Lin. Sjtgpl. ; B. viridis fill. Davnh. 2. ,i^^ p. 789. ; weisse ErK, graue Else, or weisse LUer, il Ger. K Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 136. ; and our fi.g. \ 1517. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oblong, acute, pubescent beneath ; axils of the veins naked. Stipules lanceolate. {Willd.) A deciduous tree. Lapland, Sweden, and Prussia; and on the hills in Aus- tria, Carniola, the Ukraine, Tyrol, and Switzerland ; also in North America. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers greenish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Varieties. "t A. i. 2 lacimdta Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, niated. Horticultural Society's Garden, i A. i. 3 glauca. A. glauca JMichx. A^. Amer. Sylv. ; ^etula incana var. glauca Ait. ; Black Alder, Amer. — The leaves are ilark green above, and glaucous beneath ; the petioles reddish. This is one of the most beautiful trees of the genus. Y A. I. i anguldta Ait. — Leaves green underneath, with the petioles also of a dark green. Other Varieties. A. americdna Lodd. Cat., and A. canadensis Lodd. Cat., appear to belong to this species ; but the plants in the Hackney ar- boretum are so small, that we have not been able to satisfy ourselves that thev are sufficiently distinct to constitute even varieties. 1517 The leaves are slightly laci- I LXIX. i?ETULA'CE.« : ^LNUS. 835 A. incana differs from the common alder, in the leaves being pointed, in the leaves and the young wood not being glutinous, in their hoary appearance, and in the absence of tufts of hair in the axils of the nerves of the leaves It forms a very handsome tree, will grow in either dry or moist soil, and well deserves a place in ornamental plantations. sk i. A. serrula'ta IVil/d. The saw- leaved Alder. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 336. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 623. ; Michx. N. Amer. Sji., 2. p. 113. Synom/mes. iJetula serrulata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 338. ; B. rug6sa Ehrh. Beylr. 3. p. 21. ; ? A. americana iorfrf. Cat. ed. 1836 ; ? A. canadensis Lodd. Ca<. 1836; coramon AMer, Amer. ; Hazel- leaved Alder. Engravings. Wang. Amer., t. 29. f. 60. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., t. 75. f. 1. ; and our fig. 1518. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves obovate, acu- minate; veins and their axils hairy on the under side. Stipules elliptic, ob- tuse. {Willd.) A deciduous shrub. North America, in swamps and on river sides. Height G ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1769. Flowers greenish; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October or November. Its leaves are of a beautiful green, about 2 in. long ; oval, distinctly furrowed on the surface, and doubly denticulated at the edge. The wood, when cut into, is white ; but like that of all the alders, it becomes reddish when it comes in con- tact with the air. 1518. A. serrulita. ^ 5. A. undula'ta Willd. Alder. The Mvaved-leaved Lodd Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 336. ; Baum., p. 21. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. .Betula crispa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 339. ; B. j^'lnus var. crispa Mic/ix. Fl. Bor, Amer. 2. p. 181. ; A. crispa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 623, N. Du Bam. 2. p. 216. Engraving. Our Jig. 1519. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base ; petioles and veins hairy on the under side ; axils of the veins naked ; stipules ovate-oblong. (JVilld.) A deciduous shrub. Canada, and on high mountains in sphagnous swamps in Pennsylvania. Height ? 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1782. Flowers greenish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October .' 1519. A. undulkta. "¥ 6. A. coRDiFOLiA Lodd. The heart-leaved Alder. Identification. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1231. Synonyme. A. cordSta Tenore Prod. 54., Hayne Dend. p. 153. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1231. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. vii. ; and o • fig. 1520. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, dark green and shining (Tenore.) A tree of similar magnitude to the common alder. Calafjria and Naples, in woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers greenish brown ; March and April, before the developement of the leaves. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. 3h 2 836 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. + Ml 1520. A. cordiffilia. A large and very handsome round-headed tree, with broad, deep green, shining leaves, deeply heart-shaped at the base. It grows with rapidity in dry soil, and is one of the most interesting ornamental trees that have of late years been introduced. It is a most distinct species ; and, though a native of the kingdom of Naples, it is perfectly hardy. It ripens seeds in the climate of London, and might easily be rendered as common as A. glutinosa. ^ 7. A. vi'ridis Dec. The green-leaved Alder. Identification. DeCandolle PI. Fl., 3. p. 304. Synonymes. A. ovSXa. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1141.; .4'lnus fruticbsa Scfmiidt; i'etula o\h.ta. Schrank Sat. No. 159. ; B. //'liio.7?etul£B Ehrh. Beytr. 2. p. 72. ; B. viridis Hort. Engravings. Dend. Brit. t. 96. ; Bot. Cab.', 1. 1141. ; Schmidt CEstr. Baum., 3. 1. 189. ; and onr/g. 1-521., in which a is the ament, or male catkin ; 6, the male flower magnified ; c, the stamen mag- nified ; d, a longitudinal section of the cone or female catkin ; e and g, transverse sections of the cone, to show the position of the scales ; /, the female catkins ; h, the samara, or seed, with its wings. Sj)ec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, doubly serrated, glabrous. Pe- duncles of the female catkins branched. Scales of the stro- biles having equal lobes, trun- cate-nerved. {IVilld.) A large deciduous shrub, or low bushy tree. Hungary, Styria, and Carinthia, on high mountains ; and Germany, in the neigh- bourhood of Saltzburg. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers greenish brown ; March and April. Fruit brown; ripe in August. This plant is considered by many botanists as intermediate between the alders and the birches. It agrees with the alders, in hav- ing the peduncles of the female catkins ramose; and in general appearance it resembles the J'lnus incana in a j'oung state : but it belongs to the birches, by the parts of its fructification, and by the somewhat greater number of its stamens. 1321. j4. viridis. « Lxix. ^etula^ceje: ^e'tula. 837 Other Species of A'/nus. A. barbdta Meyer (our fie. 1522.), A. obtusifolia Royle, is very abundant on the banks of the Jumna and Tonce. A. elongdta Royle occurs in Cashmere ; and A. ne- palensis Wall. (PI. As. Rar. t. 131.) on the moun- tains surrounding the valley from which it was named. {Illust. p. 34.1.) It appears probable, .— rg^^'SN'^v-OAi'i'i /////3w ^>«p%>^ that A. nepalensis, a ^^^^iMiyL! I M iV^^^^ tree from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high, may prove sufficiently hardy to bear the climate of London. A. subcor- ddla Meyer {our fig. 1523.) was raised from seeds in the Birmingham Bo- tanic Garden in 1838 ; and A.joruUensis in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1839. A. acumindta Humb. et Bonpl. (Mem. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 464'. t. 22. ; our fig. 1524.) has the leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, acuminate, roundish at the base, doubly serrated, glabrous above ; the veins downy beneath. Panicle naked. Female catkins terminal. (Mirb.) A tree. Peru. Leaves 3 in. to 6 1522. A. barbkta. 1523. A. subcordata. m. ong. and 1; in. to 3 in A. castaneifo- lia Mirb. (Mem. Mus. vol. xiv. t. 21. ; and our fig. 1525.) has the leaves oblong- eUiptic, blunt, repand, or ob- long, lanceolate, erose or den- tate, petiolate ; glabrous above; the axils of the veins downy beneath, panicle leafy at the base. Male catkins leafy, erect, (il/iri.) A tree. Tarnia in Peru. Leaves 3 in. to 5 in. long, and 10 lin. to 15 lin. broad. Stipules small, glabrous, membranaceous, linear-lanceolate. Male catkins 1 in. to 2 in. long, more slender than in A. glutinosa, and 4 or 5 in a panicle. Female catkins about 2 in. long, 4 or 5 on a common pedicel. {Mem. Mus.^ xiv. 464.) 1524. A. acuminata. 1525. A. castaneifolia. Genus II. ■*! _d£L -SE'TULA Toiwrt. The Birch, iiw. .Sysf. Monoe'cia Polyandria. Identification. Tourn., t. 3G0. ; Lin. Gen., 485. ; Fl. Br., 1011. \Synonyines. Bouleau, Fr. ; Betula, Ital. ; Abedul, Span. ; BetuUa, Port. ; Birke, Ger. ; Berk, Dutch ; Birk, Danish and Scotch ; Blork, or Bork, Siredish ; Beresa, Russian ; Brzoza, Polish. Derivalion. From beta, its Celtic name ; or, according to others, from the Latin word baluere, to 3 H 3 838 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beat ; from the fasces of the Roman lictors, which were alwas's made of birch rods, being used to drive back the people. Pliny derives the name from bitumen. Gen. Char., S^c. Barren flowers. Catkins cylindrical, lax, imbricated all round with ternate, concave scales the middle one largest, ovate. Corolla none. Filaments 10 to 12, shorter than the middle scale, to which they are attached. Anthers roundish, 2-lobed. — Fertile flowers. Catkins similar but more dense ; scales horizontal, peltate, dilated outwards, 3-lobed, 3- flowered. Corolla none. Germen compressed. Styles 2. Stig?na simple. N2d oblong, deciduous, winged at each side. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; serrated or entire. Flowers whitish, in pendulous catkins. — Trees or shrubs, deciduous, with round slender branches, and the bark in most species in thin membranous la3'ers. Natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The species are generally found in mountainous rocky situations in the middle of Europe ; but they grow wild in plains and peaty soils in the northern regions. The common birch is one of the hardiest of known trees ; and there are only one or two other species of ligneous plants which approach so near to the North Pole. They all ripen seeds in the chmate of London ; and are all of the easiest culture in any ordinary soil ; but, being hair-rooted, they do not grow so well in ver}' strong clays ; nor do plants of this genus, when raised from layers or cuttings, grow so freely as in the case of most other genera. The leaves of the birch having little succulency, and being astringent and aromatic, are very rarely subject to the attacks of insects. The wood of all the species is much less durable than the bark. The leaves of most of the species die off of a rich yellow, and some of them of a deep red or scarlet. Natives chiefly of Europe. The white, or common. Birch. Leaves small, t \. B. a'lb.\ L. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1393. ; Engl. Fl., 4. p. 133. ; Hook. Br. Fl., 3d ed., p. 411. Hynonymes. B. pubescens Ekrh. Arb. 67. ; Betiila Rati Syn. 445. ; B. aetnensis Rafi. ; Bouleau commun, Fr. ; gemeine Birke, Ger. ; BedoUo, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2198. ; and o\xr fig. \b'2%. Spec. Char., 8^c. Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid, unequally serrated, nearly glabrous. {Smith.) A deciduous tree. Europe, more especially in the colder regions ; a diminutive shrub in the extreme north, but a tree from 50 ft. to 60 ft. high in the middle regions. Flowers whitish ; in Lapland, in May ; and in the Apennines, and in England, in February and March. Fruit brown ; ripe in September and October. Decaying leaves rich yellow, scarlet, or red. ' Varieties, "t B. a. 2 pendula Smith. B, pendula Roth Germ, i. p. 405. pt. 2. p. 476. ; B. verrucosa Ekrh. Arb. 96. ; B. pendulis virgulis Locs. Pruss.; the weeping Birch. — A well-known tree, distinct from the species in having the shoots more slender, smoother, and pendu- lous. (See the plate of the young tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) S B. a. 3 pubescens. B. pubdscens Ehrh. Beitr. vi. 98. (Our flg. 1526.) — The leaves covered with white hairs. 3f B. a. 4 pontica. B. pontica Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836. {OnYfig. 1527.) — Leaves somewhat larger than in the species, and the plant of ISifi. S. a. pub&cms. more robust growth. 1527. B. a. pdntica. 1: 'Jill 1 m h LXix. 5etulaYe^ : 5e'tula. 839 5 B. a. 5 nrticifolia. B. 2'. alba, stunted fronr the climate in which it grows ; and the same observation will apply to B. sibirica, and some others, enumerated in the Catalogue of Messrs. Loddiges, for 1S36. B. excelsa and B. nigra of some of the London gardens are mere varieties of the common birch, and quite distinct from the species described b} botanists under these names, wliich are natives of America. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 502. 689.) B. undulata, B. Thoumidna, and B. Fischeri also appear to us to belong to B. alba ; but the plants being exceedingly small, we are not able to determine this with certainty. The rate of growth of the common birch is considerable when the tree is young, averaging from 18 in. to 2 ft. a year for the first 10 years ; and young trees cut down to the ground often make shoots 8 or 10 feet long in one season. The duration is not great, the tree attaining maturity, in good soils, in from forty to fifty years ; but, according to Hartig, seldom lasting in health till it at- tains a hundred years. The wood is white, shaded with red; of a medium durability in temperate climates, but lasting a long time when it is grown in the extreme north. The grain of the wood is intermediate between coarse and fine. It is easily worked while green ; but it chips under the tool when dry. It weighs, when green, 65 lb. 6 oz. ; half-dry, 56 lb. 6 oz. ; and dry, 45 lb. 1 oz. Though the birch may be propagated by layers and even by cuttings, yet plants are not readily produced otherwise than by seed; and those of certain varieties, which are procured from layers or by inarching, never appear to grow with the same vigour as seedlings. Birch seed ripens in September and October, and may be either gathered and sown immediately, or preserved in a dry loft, and sown in spring. Sang directs particular attention to be paid to gathering the seeds only from weeping trees ; and this we know to be the directions given to the collectors employed by the nurserymen in the north of Scotland. If the seeds are to be sown immediately, the catkins may be gathered wet ; but, if they are to be kept till spring, they ought not to be gathered except when quite dry ; and every day's gathering should be carried to a dry loft and spread out thinly, as they are very apt to heat when kept in sacks or laid up in heaps. The seeds should be sown in very fine light, rich soil, in beds of the usual width, and very slightly covered. Boutcher says : — " Sow the seeds and clap them into the ground with the back of the spade, without any earth spread over them, and throw a little peas haulm over the beds for three or four weeks, till the seeds begin to vegetate. The peas haulm will keep the ground moist, exclude frost, and j prevent the birds from destroying the seeds." I {Treat, on Forest Trees, p. 113.) " It is scarcely , possible," Sang observes, " to cover birch seeds too little, if they be covered ; at all." The plants, if sown in autumn, will come up in the March or Ajril 1 following. If sown in spring, they will come up in May or June ; which, in very cold climates, is a preferable season. If any danger is apprehended 3 H 4 840 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. from moisture in the soil during winter, the alleys between the beds may be deepened, so as to act as drains. In the nursery lines, the plants require very little pruning, and their after-care, wlien in plantations, is equally simple. 34 5? 2. B.(y A.) DAu^RiCA Pall. The Daurian Birch. Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 60. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 463. ; N. Du Ham., 3 p. 204. Synimynies. B. excelsa canadensis Wang. Beitr. p. 86. ; Bouleau tie .Siberie, Fr. Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 39. ; Willd. Baum., t. 1. f. 3. and 4. ; and ouryf^. 1529. Sjiec. Char.y Sfc. Leaves ovate, narrow at the base, quite entire, unequally dentate, glabrous. Scales of the strobiles ciliated on their margins ; side lobes roundish. {Willd.) A deciduous tree. Dauria, and, part of Asiatic Siberia ; but not in European Siberia, nor in Russia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced 1796. Catkins whitish brown, larger than those of the common birch ; February and March. Fruit brown; ripe September. Decaying leaves red or yellow. Variety. St !if B. (? A.) d. 2 2}arvifdlia Hayne Dend. p. 167.— 1529. B.da(irica. Leaves Smaller than thosc of the species. ^ 3. J?.(? J.)FRUTico^SA Pall. The shrubby Birch. Identification. Pall. Ross., 1 . p. 62. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 466. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 208. Synonymes. B. hilmilis Schrank Sal. p. 56. ; B. quebecci^ns^s Sclirank der Gesells.Xaturf. Freunde, 5. p. 196. Engravijigs. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 40. ; Dend. Brit., t. 151.; and our fig- 1530. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-ovate, nearly equally serrate, glabrous. Female catkins oblong. {Willd.') A deciduous shrub. Eastern Siberia, Germany, and Canada. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. in' moist situations, but much higher on mountains. Introduced in 1818. Catkins whitish brown ; February and March. Fruit brown j ripe in October or November. 1530. B. fhiticosa. ji 4. B. (? A.) pu^MiLA L. The hairy dwarf Birch. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 467. ; Pursh Fl. Ampr. Sept., 2. p. 622. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 207. Synonytne. B. nana Kalm Itin. 2. p. 263. Engravings. Jacq. Hort. Vind., t. 122. ; Dend. Brit., t. 97. ; and our^g. 1531. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches pu- bescent, without dots. Leaves roundish ovate, on long foot- stalks, densely clothed with hairs on the under surface. Female catkins cylindrical. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub. Canada, in bogs, and on high mountains in New York and Pennsylvania. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced "in 1762. Catkins whitish ; May and June. Fruit brown. The root is red, and is used for veneering and inlaying. S 3. B. NA^NA L. 1531. B. (?^.)pi>mUa. The dwarf Bircn. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1391. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 154. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 262. LXIX. i^ETULA^CEJE : BE'tVLA. 841 1532. B. nana* Synonymcs. B. nSna Suecbrum Eromel. Chi. Goth. 11. ; B. palfistris pamila, &c., Ceh. Act. Suec. 1732, 3. Engravings. Am. Acad., 1. 1. 1. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2326. ; and our fig. 1532. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves orbicular, crenate, reticulated with veins beneath. A shrab, with numerous branches, slightly downy when young, and beset with numerous, little, round, firm, smooth, sharply crenated leaves, beautifully reticulated with veins, especially beneath ; and furnished with short footstalks, having a pair of brown lanceolate stipules at their base. Catkins erect, stalked, cylindrical, obtuse ; the barren ones lateral, and the fertile ones ter- minal. Scales of the latter 3-lobed, 3-flowered, permanent. Stigmas red. (Smith.) A bushy deciduous shrub. Lapland, Sweden, Russia, and Scotland, in Europe, and Hudson's Bay, and other parts of Canada, in America ; on moun- tains, but almost always in boggy places. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. ; in British gardens 6 ft. to 8 ft. Catkins whitish green ; April and May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. 1'^arieftj. a. B. n. 2 stricia Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, is somewhat more erect in habit than the species. c 6. B. (? N.) GLANDULO'SA Michx. The glandular-SrawcAee? Birch. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 180. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 622. Engraving. Our fig. IhZZ. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches beset with glandular dots, glabrous. Leaves obovate, serrate, quite entire at the base, glabrous, almost sessile. Female catkins oblong ; scales half 3-cleft. Seeds round, with narrow margins. (Wil/d.) A handsome little deciduous shrub. Canada, about Hudson's Bay ; and on the borders of lakes on the high mountains of New Jersey and Pennsyl- vania. Height 2 ft. Introduced ?. Corresponds in America with the B. nana of Europe, and probably only a variety of that spe- cies. Catkins whitish ; May. 1533. S. ( ? n.) glandulosa. Leaves large. Natives of North America. 5 7. B. POPULiFoYiA Ait. The Poplar-leaved Birch. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 336. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., vol. 2. p. 620. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., vol. 2. p. 97. Synonymes. B. acuminata Ehrh. Beit. 6. p. 93. ; B. lenta Du Boi Harb. Baum. ed. 1. p. 92. ; white Birch and Oldfield Birch, .imer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 97.; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., vol. 2. t. 71. ; and OMc fig. 1534. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deltoid, much acuminated, unequally serrated, quite smooth. Scales of the strobiles having roundish side lobes. Petioles glabrous. ( Willd.) A tree, in every respect closely resembling B. alba, but growing with less vigour, and not attaining so large a size as that spe- cies. Canada to Pennsylvania, in barren rocky woods. Introduced in 1750. Flowers greenish white j April and May. Varieties. , ¥ B. p. 2 lacinidta. B. laciniata Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves large, shining, and deeply cut. i B. p. 3 pendida. B. pendula Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Spray drooping, like that of the weeping variety of the common birch. B42 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A very graceful tree, with rather broader leaves than the common birch. The wood is very soft, brilliant when polished, and perfectly white ; but it speedily decays, and, in America, is employed for no purpose, not even for fuel. The twigs are too brittle for common brooms. When the plants are raised from seed, they make verv handsome trees ; and, as seed is freely produced, this mode ought always to be adopted ; but plants from layers seldom attain any magnitude. "t 8. B. papyra'cea Ait. The Paper Birch. Du Ham. 1534, B. populitblia. Fruit brown ; ripe in Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 337. ; N. 3. p. 20.1. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 621. Syitonymes. B. papyrifera Mic/ix. Fl. Bar. Amer. 2. p. 180. ; B. lanceolata Hurt.; B. rubra Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; B. canadensis Lodd. Cat. ; B. nigra of the Paris nurseries ; Canoe Birch, white Birch, Amer. ; Betula da carta, Ital. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. t. 3-5. ; the plate of tliis tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^gs. 153.5. and 1536. Spec. Char., l^-c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, doubly serrate ; veins hairy beneath ; petiole glabrous. Female catkins on long footstalks, drooping; scales having the side lobes short, somewhat orbiculate. (Willd.) A deciduous tree. North America, Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1750. Flowers greenish white; May and June October. Decaying leaves greenish yellow. Varieties. 1 B. p. 2 fiiscn. B. fusca Bosc. — Leaves smaller than those of the spe- cies, and less downy. 2 B. jo. 3 trichoclnda Hort. — Branches extremely hairy, and twigs in threes ; leaves heart-shaped. Horticultural Society's Garden. S B. jD. 4 plati)i>hyUa Hort. — Leaves very broad. Hort. Soc. Garden. The branches are much less flexible than those of the common birch, and are more ascending in direction. The bark, in Canada and the district of Maine, is em- ployed for many purposes. It is placed in large pieces immediately under the shingles of the roof, to prevent the water from penetrating through it. Bas- kets, boxes, and portfolios are made of it, which are sometimes embroi- dered with silk of different colours. Divided into very thin sheets, it forms a substitute for paper ; and, placed between the soles of the shoes, and in the crown of the hat (as the hark of the birch of Europe is in Lapland), it is a defence against humidity. But the most important purpose to which it is applied, and one in which it is replaced ^^=^ 1535. B. papyrkcea. ISj'S. B. papvracea. LXIX. 5ETULA^CE^ : BE^TULA. 843 N. Du Ham., 3. p. 203. Arb. 2. p. 162. ; B. linear, equal. (JVil/d.) by the bark of no other tree, is the construction of canoes. The plant usually known by the name of B. papyracea, in the London nurseries, is the B. rubra of Michaux, jun., the B. lanulosa of Michaux, sen., and our B. nigra. No. 9. This mistake has arisen from the bark of B. nigra, even in trees not above 1 in. in diameter, separating from the trunk, and rolling up in very thin paper-like laminse. 2 9. B. ni'gra L. The black Birch. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 464. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 621. Synonymcs. B. lanulbsa Michx. FL Bor. Amer. 2. p. 181. ; ? B. rubra Micnx angulata Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; red Birch, Amer. ; Betulada Canoa, Ital. Engravings. Deiid. Brit., t. 153. ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. t. 3. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1248. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onvfigs. 1537. and 1538. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, doubly serrated, acute ; pubescent beneath, entire at the base. Scales of the strobiles villose ; segments A deciduous tree, with the bark rising in very thin paper-like laminae. New Jersey to Carolina. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. In- troduced in 1736. Flow- ers greenish white ; May. Fruit brown ; ripe in June. The epidermis is red- dish, or of a cinnamon colour. The petioles are short and downy. The leaves, on young trees, are about 3 in. long, and 2 in. broad, of a light green on the upper surface, and whitish beneath, though on old trees they are much smaller : they are doubly denticulated at the edge, very acuminate at the sum- mit, and terminated at the base in an acute angle, more regular than is seen in the leaf of any other tree. The female catkins in America are 5 or 6 inches long, straight, and nearly cylindrical ; about London, they are not half the size. t 10. B. exce'lsa H. Kew. The tall Birch. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 337. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 261.; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 203. Si/no7tt/7nes. B. liitea Mic/ix. N. Amer. Si/l. 2. 103.; ?£. nigra i)M Roi Herb. Bavyn. 1. p. 148. ; yellcv Birch, Amer. Etigravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. 103. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 95. ; N. Du Hara.,3.t..52.;Wnid. Baum., t. 1. f. 2. ; and our fig. 1539. from Michaux, and fig. 1540. from the Nouv. Du Ham. Spec. Char., A. Leaves deciduous. A. Natives of Europe, Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated ; i. ^o'bur. British Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated ; dying off of a yellowish or russet brown. Bark rough. Buds ovate. Fructification annual. Cups imbricate. § ii. Ce'rris. Turkey Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or dentated ; in some varieties sub-evergreen ; always dying off of a dirty white. Bark rough. Buds furnished with linear stipvdes. Fructification biennial. Cups echi- nate, ramentaceous, or scaly-squarrose. B. Natives of North America. ^ iii. A'lb«. White Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated ; dying off more or less shaded with a violet colour. Bark white, and scaling off in thin laminae. Fructification annual. Cup imbricate or echinate. Nut oblong, generally large. ^ iv. PriVus. Chestnut Oaks. Leaves dentate ; dying off of a dirty white, or of a rich yellowish orange. Bark white, rough, and scaHng off. Fructifi- cation annual. Cup imbricate. Nut ovate, rather large. () V. Ru^bRjE. lied Oaks. Leaves lobed, sinuated, and deeply cut, mucro- nated ; dying off of a deep red, scarlet, or purple. Bark blackish ; sraooth or furrowed, but never scaly. Fructification biennial. Nut ovate, and with a persistent style. Cup imbricate, large in proportion to the nut. § vi. Ni^GR^. Black Oaks. Leaves obtusely and very slightly lobed ; with macros, which generally drop off when the leaves have attained their full size ; leaves dying off of a blackish green, or very dark purplish red, and in America frequently persistent. Bark quite black, smooth, or furrowed ; but never scaly. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut with a per- sistent style, and sometimes marked with 'dark lines. § vii. Pue'llos. Willow Oaks. Leaves quite entire ; dying off without much change of colour ; but in America sometimes persisting dm'ing two or three years. Young shoots straight and wand-like. Bark very smooth, black, and never cracked. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate and shallow. Nut roundish and very small. B. Leaves evergreen. A . Natives of Europe. § viii. Plex. Holm, or Holhj, Oaks. Leaves ovate or oval, entire or ser- rated, with or without prickly mucros. Bark smooth and black, or rough and corky. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut ovate, acumi- nate ; sometimes very long in proportion to the cup. !?. Natives of North America. § ix. Vire'ntes. Live Oaks. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; dentate and vari- ously cut when young, but on full-grown trees quite entire. Bark smooth, black. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut long. i LXX. CORYLA^CEJE : QUe'rCUS. 849 c. Natives of Nepal and Mexico. ^ X. Lana't^. Woolly-leaved Oaks. Leaves oval, oblong, or lanceolate ; serrated or dentate ; woolly beneath. A. Leaves deciduous. A. Natives of Europe. § i. Roiwr. British Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves lobed and serrated ; d^ing off of a yellowish or russet brown. Bark rough. Buds ovate. Fructification annual. Cups imbricate. — Trees from 30 ft. to above 100 ft. high. 5^ 1. Q. PEDUNCULA^TA IVilld. The co??z?Ho??, or peduncled, British Oak. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., No. 65. ; Ehr. Arb., 77. ; PI. Off., 169. Synoiiymes. Q. Rbhur Lin. Sp. PI. H14., Eng. Bot. t. 1342. ; Q. R. pedunculatum Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 10. ; Q. foe'mina Rot/i Germ. 1. p. 408.; Q. racemdsa N. Du Ham. 7. p. 177. ; Q- cum longo pedunculo Bauh. Pin. 4'20. ; Q. //emeris Dalech. Hist. 4. ; Quercus Fuchs Hist. 229. ; Q. navklis Burnet ; White Oak ; Chene blanc Seamdat. p. 16. t. 3. ; Chene pi^doncule ou a Grappes, Cheae femelle, Gravelin, Fr. ; Stiel Eiche, Iriih Eiche, Thai Eiche, Lohe Eiche, Wald Eiche, Gcr. ; Eschio, Querela gentile, Ital. ; Encina roble. Span. Derivation. The French and German names signify the white oak, the bunch-fruited oak, the female oak, the stalked oak, the earlj' oak (alluding to the production of the leaves), the valley oak, the tanning oak, and the wood oak. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1342. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. .54. ; Willd. Abbild., t. 140. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onr fig 1542. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves on short footstalks, oblong, smooth, dilated upwards ; sinuses rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Stalks of the fruit elongated. Nut oblong. ( IVilld.) A large deciduous tree. Europe and Britain. Height 50 ft. to 100 ft., with spreading tortuous branches and spray, and, when ^ standing singly, with a head often broader than it is high. Flowers ^N^^ greenish and white ; April. Nut brown; ripe September. Vaiieties. 1542. Q. pedunculita. Q. Q 2 pubescens Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves downy beneath, 3 fastigiata. Q. fastigiata Lam.; Q. pyramidalis //or/. ; Chene Cypres, Chene des Pyrenees, Fr. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1543.) — A handsome deciduous tree, resembling in general form the Lombardy poplar. It is found in the valleys of tlie Western Pyrenees, and in the Landes near Bordeaux, though but sparingly, and frequently comes true from seed. In British gardens it grows most rapidly and vigoroi'sly when grafted on the species, or on Q. sessiliflora. Q. / . 4 pendula. Q. pendu'a Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; the Weeping Oak. — Branches decidedly penuulous. The largest tree of this variety that 850 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1543. Q. p. fastif^l&ta. we know of, in England, stands in the park at Moccas Court, Here- fordshire, and is, perhaps, one of the most extraordinary trees of the oak kind in existence. It generally comes true from seed. (See Gard. Mag. vol. xii. p. 368.) 1S44. 0. V hettro|)hJIII.. LXX. CORYLaYEjE : que'rcus. 851 i C^. p. 5 heterojohylla. Q. salicifolia Hort., Q. laciniata Lod. Cat., Q. f'lW- cifolia Hort., (^. Fennessi Hort. (Oixv Jig. 1544.) — In this variety the leaves vary exceedingly in magnitude, in shape, and in being lan- ceolate and entire, cut at the edges, or deeply laciniated. t Q. J}. Qfoliis variegatk Lodd. Cat. — Leaves variegated with white, with some streaks of red. When finely grown, a very ornamental tree. 1? Q. p. 1 purpurea. Q. purj)urea Lodd. Cat. — Young shoots, and the foot- stalks of the leaves, tinged with purple. Young leaves, when they first come out, almost entirely purple, and very striking. A tree, which is among the oaks what the purple beech is among the beeches. There is a specimen 30 ft. high at Arno's Grove, Soutligate. Other Varieties. Q. p. Hodgfnsw', Q. p. cinerea, and Q. p. dulcis are described in our first edition. The varieties of British oaks which might be selected from extensive woods of that tree are without end. Quercus pedunculata, both in Britain and on the Continent, is generally found on better soil than Q. sessiliflora ; and its wood splits more easily, and is lighter, than the wood of that species. In France, the chene-a-grappes is always planted in preference to the chene-rouvre, where the soil is sufficiently good. When both oaks are planted together in good soil, the red oak (Q. sessiliflora) outgrows the white oak (Q. pedunculata) ; and, when either oak grows on particular descriptions of soils, witii bad subsoils, the wood assumes a brown or dark colour, and is found, when worked up, to be of comparatively short duration. Hence, a good deal of confusion has arisen as to the com- parative value of the wood of these two species. For splitting, the white oak is to be preferred ; and, with respect" to durability, we believe that depends more on the soil, and on the rapidity or slowness of growth, than on the species. (See Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1731. to p. 1842. ; and Gard. Chron., vol. i. p. 70.) t 2. Q. SESsiLiFLo'RA Sal. The sessile-flowered Oak. Identification. Sal. Prod., 392. ; Smith Fl. Br., No. 2. a ; Eiig. Bot., t. 1845. St/7ioni/?nes. Q. RbhuT H'il/d. ; Q. R. var. sessile Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 11 ; Q. sessilis Ehrh. Arb. 87.; Q. platyphyllos, mas et (rem, Da/ecli. Hist. 2,3.; Q. latifolia mas. &c., Bauh. Pin., Rail Si/n. 440. ; Q. regalis Burnet ; ? Q. australis Cook ; Q. mannifera, the Manna Oak, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841 ; Q. mongulica Ibid, and Gard. Cliron. vol. i. p. 35. ; the Red Oak, Chestnut oak, Bay Oak ; Chene male, Sccondat ; Chene roure or rouvre, Durelin, Fr. ; Stein Eiche, gemeire Eiche, spat Eiche, Winter Eiche, dijrr Eiche, roth Eiche, Berg Eiche, Ger. ; Querela vera, and Quercia commune, Ital. ; Roble, Span. 54.^ (I. s«£llin6ra. Verivation. The name of Chestnut Oak is given to this species, bec.iuse its wood is supposed by some to resemble that of the sweet chestnut, as do the leaves in a slight degree, of some of the varieties. The French names imply the male oak, the red oak, and the hard oak. The German 3i 2 852 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICi:'M. names, the stone oak ; the common oak, the late oak, in allusion to its lateness in leafing ; the winter oak, from its frequently keeping on its leaves during winter ; dry oak, probably from the leaves remaining on the tree after they have become dry and withered ; red oak, from the colour of its wood ; and hill oak, from its being more abundant on hilly ground than the Q. pedunculata. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1845. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 52. ; Willd. Abbild., t. 130. -, the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and out fig. 1545. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves on longish footstalks, deciduous, oblong, smooth ; sinuses opposite, rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Fruit sessile. Nut oblong. {Smith.) Leaves, when young, pubescent beneath. (Willd.) A large decidu- ous tree, readily distinguished from the preceding species, even at a distance, by the less tufted appearance, and generally paler green, of its foliage during summer ; and, in winter, by its less tortuous spray and branches, by its lighter-coloured bark, by its larger buds, and by its frequently retaining its leaves, after they have withered, till the following spring. Varieties. t Q. s. 2 pubescens. Q. s. var. fi Smith Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 150. ; Q. pu- bescens Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 450. ; Q. R. lanuginosum Lam. Diet, i, p. 717. ; the Durmast, Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 12. — Leaves downy be- neath. Fruit sessile, but sometimes subsessile. ¥ Q. s. 3 macrocdrpa. Q, i?obur ma- iu^A rJ''liMh crocarpum Booth. (Our fig. ^"'*'^ ''■ *^^ 154.6.) — Fruit large. Lodd. 1546. Q. s. macrocdrpa. 1547. Q. s. falkenbcrg^nsis. t Q. S Q. s. 4 falkenbergensis. Q. falkenbergensis Booth, Forbes Hort. Tour p. 5., and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1926. {Onvfg. 1547.) — Leaves small and serrated. Fruit small. Plant stunted. Found on the hills of Falkenberg by Mr. Booth in 183'2, and introduced in 1837. s. 5 austrdlis. Q. ? australis Link in Spreng. Syst. Quer. No. 59., and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (Onr fig. 1548.) — Leaves large, regularly lobed, and evergreen or sub-evergreen. Litroduced by Capt. S. E. Cook (now Widderington) in 1835, and possibly a dis- tinct species, but we think not. Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Varieties are mentioned by Bose and some French authors, and in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. xii p. 571., and Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1737., fifteen are described as having been found by the Rev. W. T. Bree in War- wickshire, in the district called the Forest of Arden. Quercus sessiliflora is generally the only British oak found in poor soil ; for example, on the high grounds on the south bank of the Thames between (ilrcenwich and Gravesend. On the poor soils of the north and middle of France, it is the only oak which is indigenous. The oaks oF the Bois de Boulogne are entirely of this species ; as are those in the woods of Meudon, and throughout the whole of the extensive Forest of Fontainebleau. In Britain it is also frequently found in rich soil, with or without Q. peduncu- lata ; but the latter species is never found indigenous on soils so poor as those in which Q. sessilidoi a is found. ^See our first edition.) i LXX. CORYLA CEjE : QUERCLTS. 853 'fife li 18. Q. >. .iiutralis. cT^- * 3. Q. PYRENA^icA Willd. The Pyrenean Oak. Identification. Willd. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 179. ; Rees's Cycl., No. 7-'>. Synonymes. Q. Tavzin Pers. ; Q. nigra Thore Chlor. ; y. Tiisa Bosc ; Q. stolonifera Lapeyr. \ Q. tomentbsa Dec. ; Chene noir, Sccundat ; Chene-tauzin, Fr. Engravings. Secoiidat, Mem. du Chene, t. i!. and t. 5. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 56. ; and our fig. 1549. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, pinnatifid ; stalked ; downy beneath ; some- what heart-shaped and unequal at the base ; lobes obtuse, slightly toothed. Fruit stalked. ( Willd.) A low tree, technically deciduous, but retaining its withered leaves throughout the winter, and till they are pushed off' by the expanding buds in the following summer. Pyrenees. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. Readily known, from its infancy upwards, from ,^ every other oak, in spring, by the ciense covering of v \ ^ ^ nooily down that is spread over its .young leaves, which, on their first appearance (in the climate of London, three weeks later than those of the com- mon oak), are of a reddish tinge. The leaves are retained during the winter, when they appear curled up, and at the extremities of the shoots remind one of the carved work in wood of the sculptor Gibbons. The roots run near the surface, and throw up nu- merous suckers. The wood, which weighs 60 lb. per cubic foot, is of great hardness, toughness, and dura- "^^^^t^j bility, but apt to warp ; the bark furnishes the best of all tan. It is one of the most ornamental of oaks, and being of small stature it ought to find a place in every collection, instead of which it is com- paratively rare in England. Several varieties are mentioned in the New DuHamel. '^ 4. Q. JE'scuLUs L. The Esculus, or Italian, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1414. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 176. ; Rees's Cycl., No. 70. Synonymes. PhSgus £'sculus, mas et fem., Dalech. Hist. 5. ; Chene grec, Fr. Derivation. From esca, food. The Esculus of the classics is by some taken for the beech tree ; but the Q. ^'sculus of Linnaeus is now believed to be the Phagos of Theopbrastus, which he ex- pressly says is a kind of oak. Engravings. The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Igt edit., vol. vii. ; and our^g. 1550 3 I 3 A^' l.)49. Q. pyrenitica. 854 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM, lo.'.O. Q. E'scdius. Spec. Chat:, ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, siniiated, smooth ; paler beneath ; seg- ments bluntish, somewhat angular at the base. Fruit nearly sessile. Calyx scaly, hemispherical. (Smith.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. South of Europe. Height 20 ft. to .30 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns brown ; ripe in October. A very handsome species, quite hardy, and deserving a place in every col- lection. There are large specimens of it in Whitton Park. 5. Q. (E.) APENNrNA Lam. Oak. The Apennine Identification. Lam. Diet. Encycl. I. p. 725. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 177. ; Bosc Mem. sur les Chenes. Synonymes. Q. conglomerata I'ers. ; Chene hivernal, Fr. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 7.t. 53.; and ourjig. 1651. Spec. C/iar., Sj-c. Leaves oval-oblong, petiolated, sinuated, pubescent beneath, bordered with obtuse lobes, somewhat angular. Acorns oval, disposed along a short peduncle. (Lam.) The leaves are exceedingly woolly beneath ; the acorns small, almost globular, and sometimes borne to the number of 8 or 10 on one peduncle, not above 1 in. iry length. The tree does not attain a large size, seldom exceeding the height of 20 ft. Not yet introduced ; but apparently only a variety of Q. jB'scuIus ; or perhaps even identical with it. i%!^ ■^.^T ^ ^ 1 351. Q. apcnnlna. § ii. Qerris. Mossy -cuj)ped, or Turkey, Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or dentated ; more or less persistent ; in some varieties, sub-evergreen or evergreen ; always dying off of a diity white or paper brown, never with any tinge of red or yellow. Buds fur- nished with linear stipules. Fructification generally biennial. Cups eclii- nate, ramentaccous, or scaly, squarrose. 'i 6. Q. Ce'rris L. The bitter, or mossi/-cupped. Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. Pi., 1415.; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 182. ; Rees's Cycl., No. 83. Syiumynies. Q. crinita a and fi. Lam. Did. 1. p. 718. ; Q. //aliphlceVs Jvss. m Horl. Par. ; Q. burgundiaca, &c., /yn«A. T'm. 420. ; Q. Cerris Plini/, &c., l.ob.Icvn.2. 156., Dud. I'empt. 831., Ger. Einac. 1345, ; Cerrus Dalrch. Hist. vol. 1. p. 6. ; the Turkey Oak ; the Iron, or Wainscot, Oak ; Chene Cerris, Chene chevelu, Chene de Bourgogue, Fr. ; Burgundische Eiche, Cerr-eiche, Ger. ; Cerro Ghiande araare, Ital. i LXX. CORYLA^CE^ : QUE'RCUS. 855 Oerfvntion. The specific appellation Haliphloeos was applied by Pliny to an oak with very bitter acorns : but it may be derived from ha/is, enouyh, and phloi'os, bark ; in reference to the tendency to corkiness in the bark. The Iron Oak alludes to the weight of its wood, which is much lieavier than that of the common oak. Tlie term Wainscot Oak refers to its suitableness for lining the walls of rooms, from the Dutch words, ward, a wall ; and schorlen, to suspend. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 7. t. 57. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jigs. 1552. and 1.553. Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves on very short stalks, oblong, deeply and unequally pinnatifid ; hairy beneath ; lobes lanceo- late, acute, somewhat angular. Stipules longer than the footstalks. Calyx of the fruit hemispherical, bristly. {Smith.) A large deciduous tree, attaining the same 1552. Q. Cirtis. height as the British oak, but of much more rapid and vigorous growth. France, Italy, Spain, Austria, and the Levant. Introduced in 1735. Flowers greenish white ; April. Acorns brown ; ripe in October of the second year, and some- times in the autumn of the first year. 1553. Q. Cirtis. Varieties. There is a great tendency in this species to sport ; so that many varieties may be selected from every bed of seedlings. It also ap- pears to hybridise with facility, especially with Q. Siiher ; and from this cross the numerous race of varieties known as the Lucombe or Exeter oaks, the Fulham oaks, and the Ragnal oaks have been raised. There are also some varieties of Q. Cerris which appear to owe their origin to geo- graphical circumstances ; such as Q. C. austriaca, and Q. C. crinita. The varieties cultivated in British nurseries may, for practical purposes, be ar- ranged as deciduous, sub-evergreen, and evergreen. * Foliage deciduous. a. Leaves pinnatifid or sinnated. Cups of the Acorns viossy. ¥ Q. C. 1 vulgaris. Q. C. frondosa Mill. Diet. ed. 5. (see fig. 1532., and the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — Leaves pinnatifidly sinnated, and the cups covered with soft moss. Of this variety there is an endless number of subvarieties. Fig. 1352. maybe considered as the normal iarmifig. 1534. has the leaves more deeply sinnated : _;?^. 1553. is from a specimen cf great 3 I 4- 836 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beauty, sent us by John Thomas Brook, Esq., of Flitwick House : and fig. 1335., copied from the figure given in Olivier's Travels, is the Q. crinita var. £ Lam. Diet. i. p. 718. ; Q,. Tour- nefortH Willd. No. 74. ; Q. orientalis latifolia, &c., Tourn. Cor. 40., Vuy. ii. p. 172.; Q. Cerris Oliv. Voy. i. p. 221., Eng. ed. ii. p. 5. and t. 12. ; and Q. i/aliphloe^os Bosc Mem. sur les Chenes. Fig. 1536. shows portraits of three leaves, taken from a s[)ecimen of Q. Cerris vulgaris gathered in the arboretum at Milford in 1835, and there erroneously named Q. lusitanica. We have observed a similar diversity of appearance in the leaves of an old tree of Q. Cerris in the grounds at Buckmgham Palace. 1554. Q. C. vulgitis. r^ 1555. Q. C. vulgaris. 1556. Q. C. vulgkris. 5" Q. C. 2 jomdtda Neill in Lauder's Gilpin, vol. i. p. 73. — Branches pen- dulous. The hantlsomest tree of this variety in Britain is proba- bly that at Hackwood Park, 40 ft. high, from a specimen of which Jig. 1357. was taken. The branches not only droop to the groand, but, after touching it, they creep along the surface to some distance, like those of Sophhra japonica pendula, p. 196. t Q. O. 3 ladnidta. (/j?. 1558.)— Tliere is a fine tree of this interesting variety in Hackwood Park. 1557. Q. C. pdndula, 1558. (j. C. laciniMa. * Q. C. 4 variegdta Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. — Lea\es variegated. b. Leaves dentate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. t Q. C. 3 ausirtaca. Q. austriaca Wi/ld. No. 76. ; Q. Cerris Host Syn. 320., a and /3 No. 28. ; Q. crinita y Cerris Lin., Lam. Did. u p. i LXX. CORYLA CEiE : QUE RCUS. 857 718.; Q. calyce hispido, &c., Bauh. Pin. 420. (The plate of this tree in Arh. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onr fig. 1559.) — Leaves on longish stalks, ovate-ol)long, slightly but copiously sinuated ; downy and hoary beneath ; lobes short, ovate, acute, entire. Stipules shorter than the footstalks. Calyx of the fruit hemispherical, bristly. 1559. Q. C. austriaca. {Smith.) Sir J. E. Smith observes that this tree is " generally mis- taken for Q. Cerris, from which nothing can be more certainly dis- tinct ;" we admit their distmctness, but no one who has seen the two trees together in the Horticultural Society's Garden can, we think, doubt their being only differ- ent forms of the same species. Austria, Hungary, Carniola, Italy, and other parts of the South of Europe, in stony mountainous places. Height and other particu- lars as in the species. Q. C. 6 cdna major. Q. can a mujor Lodd. Cat. ed. 18.36 (fig. 1560.) ; the hoary-leaved bitter, or Turkey, Oak. — Resembles Q. austriaca in the form of its leaves ; but they are much more downy beneath. Q. C. 7 cdna minor. Q.. cana minor Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Resembles the preceding kind, but has narrower leaves. Q. C. 8 Rdgnal. Q. Eagnal Lodd. Cat. ed. 18.36 ; the Ragnal Oak. — This variety has rather narrower and more deeply cut leaves tliau •^S-^yv' 1560. Q. C. c&na tnajur. 858 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Q. C. cana major ; but, in other respects, scarcely differs from that variety. ** Foliage sub-evergreen. Leaves dentate. Acorns tuith bristly Cups. The leaves remain on the tree through a great part of the winter, retain- ing their vit.ility and greenness. In mild winters, the leaves do not begin to drop till March or April ; and, even in severe winters, a part of them, on the sheltered side of the tree, continue green till near the end of that month. 1561. Q. C. fulham^nsis. 5" Q. C. 9 fulhamensis. Q. C. dentata Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 93. ; Q.. C. hybrida var. dentata Swt. ; the Fulham Oak. (See the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our ^g. 1561.) — Leaves, alternate, ovate-elliptic, largely dentated ; the dents obtuse-angular 1562 Q. C. Lucoml'e'mo. I LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE RCUS. 859 their sides excurved, and their vertices shortly nmcronate. (Wats.) This is a fine broad-leaved sub-evergreen variety, of which there is a magnificent specimen in tlie Fidham Nursery. If Q. C. [Of.lafifulia Hurt.' — Leaves broader than those of the preceding variety. ¥ Q. C. 11 Lucombeana. Q. LuconibertHfl Swt. ; Q. exoniensis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Lucombe Oak, the everg een Turkey Oak, the Devonshire Oak, the Exeter Oak. (See the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit.; and our /g. 1562.) — Raised by Lucombe, nurseryman at Exeter, from seeds of the species sown about 1762, and so closely resembling Q. C. fulhamensis as scarcely to be worth keeping distinct. *** Foliage evergreen, or very nearly so. Leaves varying frovi dentate to sinuate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. This section consists entirely of subvarie- ties of the Lucombe Oak, which differ from the parent in being nearly evergreen. i Q. C. 12 Z/. crispa. Q. LucombeaHa crispa Hurt. ; the new Lucombe Oak. (fig. 1363.) — Leaves somewhat curled at the edges, and the bark corky. 1 Q. C. 13 L. suberdsa. Q. L. suberosa Hort. — Leaves somewhat longer than in the preceding variety, and the bark double the thickness ; that from a specimen sent us measuring 2 in. in thickness. i. Q. C. 14 i. inclsa. Q. L. incisa Hort. — Leaves longer, and somewhat more deeply cut, than those of the preced- ing varieties. 1 Q. C. 15 L. dentdta. Q. L. dentata Hort. — A fine large-leaved evergreen variety, lately raised in the Exeter Nursery. f Q. C. \6heterophylla. Q. L. heterophylla iZor^. (^fig. 1564.)— Foliage very variable ; also a recent production of the Exeter Nursery. The Turkey oak is a free-growing tree, with straight vigorous branches, [which take a much more upright direction than those of the British or com- mon oak ; and both branches and twigs are, in every stage of the tree's growth, wholly free from the tortuous character of those of that species. The trunk is also straighter ; but the branches, at their junction with it, being remark- iable for an unusual degree of expansion, the trunks of middle-aged trees, as lit is observed in the Dictionnaire des Eaux ct Forets, often appear gibbous. The bark is comparatively smooth and dark when young, but corky as it grows pld ; and it is reckoned less liable to chap and crack than that of the common .3ak. Tiie leaves are of a beautiful bright shining green, somewhat glaucous or noary beneath ; and they vary so exceedingly in size and shape in different ■rees raised from seed, that almost every individual, if described from the "eaves alone, might be constituted a distinct species : they have short foot- 'italks, and are most readily distinguished from those of oaks of every other jection by their small buds, and the numerous linear persistent stipules which (jroceed from them. The acorns are sessile, or on very short footstalks ; and !hey are easily known by the bristly or mossy clothing of their cups. They ^re remarkably bitter and austere ; a circumstance noticed by Phny. The crispa. 860 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICLM. 1564. Q. C. hettroiAj'lla. wood and bark are by some considered as having the same pro- perties as those of the British oak ; but, as it is only about a century since the tree was in- troduced into this country, very few spe- cimens have attained a sufficient size to be cut down for timber, and very little experience has been obtained on the subject. The tree is one of very great beauty, both in point of form and foliage; and, being of great rapidity of growth, it is equalled by few for ornamental plantations. The foliage of some varieties is persistent, like that of the beech and the hornbeam : and of others, supposed to be hybrids, it is sub-evergreen, or so near being completely evergreen, as to be retained on the trees till May. The species, and most of the varieties, ripen acorns in England, from which plants are raised with great facility ; but the varieties, like those of every other oak, being very liable to sport, can only be continued by grafting or by layers. The stocks employed may be either those of Q. 6'erris, or of the common British oak ; and the grafting may be per- formed in the whip manner, with as great certainty of success as in grafting common fruit trees. 'i 7. Q. ^'gilops L. The ^gilops, or Valonia, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1414. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 175. Synonymes. Q. orieiit&lis, &c., Tuurn, Cor. 40. ; yE'gilops sive Cerrus mas C. Bauhin, Secondat ; Veldni Tourn. Voy. 1. p. 128. ; Glans Cerri Dalecli. Hist. 1. p. 7. the great prickly-cupped Oak; Cliene Velani, Fr. ; Chene Velaiicde Bosc ; Knopper Eiche, Ger. ; Vallonea, Hal. Engravings. Mill. Ic, 2. t. 215. ; Oliv. Travel., t. 13. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 51. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1565. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, with bristle-pointtd tooth-like lobes; hoary beneath. Calyx of the fruit very large, hemispherical, with lanceo- late, elongated, spreading scales. (Sniil/i.) A low deciduous tree. Islands of the Archipelago, and throughout all Greece. Height 20 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers greenish white; May. Acorns large, brown, with numerous lanceolate scales, very ornamental ; ripe in October. Varieties. i Q. JE. 2 pendula Hort. — Branches drooping. t Q. .^. 3 latifolia Hort. — Leaves rather broader than those of the species. One of the most splendid species of the genus. In British nurseries it is not very common, but it is quite hardy, never injured by frost, and acorns may be imported in abundance from the South of France. The cups and acorns are annually exported from the Levant in large quantities, and are in great demand for tanning, being said to contain more tannin in a given : bulk of substance than any other vegetable. A tree of this species at Syon, ^ M 'ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, entire, smooth, nearly sessile ; tapering at the base. Nut roundish, even. {Smith.') A deciduous tree. South Caro- lina and Georgia. Height 50 or 60 feet. Introduced in 1786. ^^ariety. 2 Q. (P.) 1. 2 hijbrida Michx. Quer. Ixo. 10. t. IS. )p. ( Q. I. 2 obtusa Aii. LXX. CORYLA CEJE l QUE'rCUSo 879 iiiiU^- 16C3. Q. (P.) ;. hybrida. Hori. Ketv. ed. 2. v. p. 288. (Our fg. 1603.) — Rather more obtuse leaves than the species. The whole of the American oaks belonging to the section Phellos are re- markable for retaining their leaves, in particular soils and situations, for two, three, and in some cases even four, years, without their changing colour ; differing in this respect, both from evergreens, which change their leaves in the spring of every year ; and from those de- ciduous trees which retain their leaves in a withered state durino; winter. 1604. Q. (P.) taurifoUa. The Shingle 5r 26. Q. imbrica'ria Wil/d. Oak. Identification. Willd. Sp. T\. 4. p. 42S ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 627. ; Michx. Quer., No. 10. Synonymes. Q. latifOlia Hort. ; Laurel Oak, Filed-Cup Oak, Jack Oak, Black Jack Oak, A?ner. ; Chene a Lattes, Fr. Engravings. Mich-t, Quer., 1. 15, 16. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 15. ; and ourfig.'\605. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at each end, entire, almost sessile ; downy beneath. Nut nearly globose. (^Smilh.) A deciduous tree. Alleghanies, but rare. Height 40 or 50 feet. Introduced in 17S6. The leaves are long, lanceolate, entire, and of a shining green. The trunk is branching, and often crooked ; and the wood, though hard and heavy, has open pores like that of Q. riibra. 1605. Q. imbriciria. * 27. Q. heterophy'lla Michx. The various-leaved, or Bartram's, Oak Identification. Michx. Amer. Syl., 1. p. 75. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 627. Engraving!,, ilichx. Amer. Syl., t. 18. ; and our ^5. 1606. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves on long footstalks, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire or unequally toothed. Cup hemispherical. Nut roundish. (Michx.) A deciduous tree, 30 ft. high, of which only one individual has been found. Banks of the Schuylkill, four miles from Philadelphia. Litroduced ? 1820. Horticul- tural Society's Garden ; and at Verrieres, the villa of M. Vilmorin, near Paris. Q. agrifdlia Willd. (described in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1894., after Pursh and others) appears to be nothing more than Q. coccifera. jg^g_ ^ bct-^-Thyua. 880 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRlTANNICUIVr. § viii. E. Leaves evergreen. A. Natives of Europe, l^lex. Holm, or Holly, Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves ovate or oval, sometimes lanceolate, entire or serrated ; with or without prickly mucros ; downy beneath. Bark smooth and black, or rongh and corky. Fructification biennial. Cups imbricate. Nut ovate, acuminate ; sometimes very long in proportion to the cup. — Low trees or shrubs, of great commercial interest, from including the oaks which pro- duce cork, the kerraes insect, and edible acorns. 5 28. Q. /"lex L. The common evergreen, or Holm, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., M12. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 5. p. 289. Synonymcs. T^lex arbovea Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 95. ; I'Yeuse, or Chene vert, Fr. ; Stein Eiche, Ger. ; Elice, Ital. ; Encina, Span. Engraving's. Blackw. Herb., t. 186. ; N. Du Ham., t. 43, 44. ; Dend. Brit., t. 90. ; the plates of the tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and imx fig. Spec. Char., S)~c. Leaves ovate-obloiig, acute, coriaceous, entire or serrated ; hoary beneath. Bark even. Kat ovate. (]Villd.) A middle-sized ever- green tree, or large shrub, fevintii of Europe, North of Africa, Cochin- China and other parts of Asia. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. rarely 60 ft. In cul- tivation in British gardens from a very remote period. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns brown ; ripening the second year. Varieties. These are very numerous, and frequently very distinct ; and, as in the case of every species of oak, they might be greatly increased by selecting from beds of seedling plants. S Q. I. 1 integrifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves lanceolate, entire. 2 Q. L 2serratifdlia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (Our /g. 1607.) — Leaves lanceolate, serrated, i ss Q. L 3 {agifdlia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Phellodrys Matth. Valgr. i. p. 189.; /Hex No. 3. Du Ham. Arb. i. t. 224. (Onr fg. 1608.) — Leaves broader and less Ngid, more or less undulated, and some- times slightly serrated. 1607. Q. /. serratifiilia. I60S. Q. /./dgifulia 1G09. (J. 7. 1.itif6lia i « Q. L 4 cri.^j)a Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836.— Leaves wrinkled at the edges. 5 « Q. L 5 la/ifo/ia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Q. I. oblonga Hort. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fgs. 1609. and 1610.) — Leaves broad, nearly entire. 5 s Q. I. 0 longifdlia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1S3G. Q. I. ralicifolia i7o?Y.— Leaves long and very narrow. t £i Q. L 7 varicgata Hort. — Leaves variegated with white. i \\ I *?,? '*»>, LXX. C'OUYLA CK.'E : QUE RCUS. 881 IGIO. e. /. latifolia. In favourable situations, in the South of France, Spain, and Italy, and also in the warmest parts of England and Ireland, the Q. /'lex forms a bushy evergreen tree, exceeding the middle size. The trunk is generally furnished with branches from the ground upwards ; and, being concealed by the dense mass of foliage borne by these branches, the general character of the species, even when fully grown, is that of an immense bush, rather than that of a timber tree. When judiciously pruned, or drawn up by other trees, however, it forms a handsome well-balanced head, on a straight trunk, and with graceful pendent branches. The roots descend to a very great depth, altogether disproportionate to the height of the trunk ; for which reason this oak is never found indigenous to soil with a wet bottom. The hark is black, thin, hard, and even ; sometimes slightly furrowed, but never corky. The leaves vary exceedingly in shape and size, from 5 in. in length and nearly 3 in. in breadth (as in Q. I. latifolia and Q. I. /agifolia), to 1 in. in length and i in. in breadth (as in Q. I. crispaj, or ^ in. in breadth and 3 in. in length (as in Q. I. salicifolia). In some plants, the leaves are prickly, like those of the holly ; and, when this is the case, the most prickly are nearest the ground ; a circumstance beautifully exemplified in a fine tree at Purser's Cross. The colour of the leaves is a dark green ; and, being convex above, and quite smooth, they have a fine shining appearance. In the climate of London, seedling plants grow with considerable rapidity ; attaining, iri good loamy soil, from 15 ft. to 20 ft. in height in 10 years from the acorn. As they become larger, they grow slower ; and, after they have attained the heisrht of 30 or 40 feet, they increase in width nearly as much as in height. The tree attains a great age, remaining in a growing state for several centuries. I The sap wood is whitish ; but the heart, or perfect wood, is of a brown i colour, very close-grained, heavy, and very hard. It weighs' 70 lb. to the j cubic foot, and takes a fine polish ; but twists and siMits a great deal in , drying, like most other hard and heavy woods. It is of great duration, and a L lyii. Q. nex. 882 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. also of considerable flexibility. Boutcher recommends the tree for making warm and lofty hedges, 40 or 30 feet hii:h, in a short time. A dry deep soil, calcareous or sandy rather than clayey, and a situation low rather than elevated, best suit the ilex. It is exceedingly difficult to propagate, other- wise than by the acorn ; and no tree is more difficult to transplant, " as the roots of it, when not interrupted, run as straight down into the earth as a carrot ;" and hence the best mode is to have the plants raised in small pots, one in a pot, as is generally practised in the London nurseries. » 29. Q. (I.) Ballo'ta Desf The sweet Acorn Oak. Idenlification. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 3S0. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 432. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 157. Synonytnes. ? 7Mex major Clus. Hist. 1. t. 23. ; Cliene a Glands doux, Chene Ballote, Fr. Derivaliun. The term Ballhla seems to be a modification of the Spanish word bclluta, which means acorns generally. Engravings. Our Jigs. 1612. and 1613., the latter being a sprig, and the former a leaf of the natural size, both taken from a specimen of the original tree, planted by Desfontaines in the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves elliptical, coriaceous, denticulated or entire ; downy beneath. Bark even. Nut cylindrical, elongated. (De,o.Q.s.iatif5Hura. Dend. Brit, t. 89. (our _/lg. 1621.) may be considered as this variety. t Q. h. 4 dentdtum. Q,. Pseudo-^uber Hort. — Leaves large, and va- riously dentate, as in Jig. 1622. '•vr 1621. ^. S. angusUfulium. 1(;22. Q. S. dcntiitnin. The cork tree bears a general resemblance to the broad-leaved kinds of Q. /lex ; of which species some authors consider it only a variety : but, when full grown, it ibnns a much handsomer tree ; and its bark alone seems to jus- tify its being made a species. Tlie outer bark, the great tiiickness and elasti- city of which are owing to an extraordinary developement of the cellular tissue, forms the cork ; which, after the tree is full grown, cracks and separates from it of its own accord. The inner bark remains attached to the tree, and, when removed in its young state, is only fit for tanning. The wood of the cork tree, which weighs 84 lb. per cubic foot, is used for the same purposes as that of Q. Flex ; hut it is never found of sufficient size to be of much I liff l3j.( f LXX. CORYLA'cEiE : QUE'RCUS. 885 consequence. By far the most important product which this tree i^^j-^^jv yields, is its outer bark, which forms the cork of commerce. The ^^^^^^^^ bark is separated by first making a circular cut round the trunk, ^^^^^y immediately under the main branches, and another at a few inches ■ f^^ above the surface of the ground. Tiie portion of bark intervening ^^ between the two cuts is then split down in three or four places; ,623. Q.shber. tare being taken, both in making the circular cuts, and also the longitudinal ones, not to penetrate the inner bark. This operation is commonly performed in July, or in the beginning of August, when the second sap flows plentifully. The tree is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked as before. In British gardens Q. >Suber is propagated by imported acorns, or by inarching on Q. /^lex. 3? i? 34. Q. Pseu'do-5u^er Desf. The False-Cork Oak. Idenliflcation. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 348. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p 174. Synuitymes. Chene faux Liege, Chene de Gibraltar, Fr. ; Unachte Kork-Eiche, Ger. Bosc states that he possesses a loaf of d- Turner;, which was brought to him. from Kew by L'Heritier, and that it is identical with Q. PseCido-Siaber ; but the leaves of d. Tiirner; are not in the slightest degree hoary or glaucous beneath, nor has it a corky bark. See No. 3-5. En^ravinj^s. Sant.Viagg., t. 4.; Spreng. Antiq. Bot j t. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 48. f. 2. ; and our^o'. 1625. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; sinuated, dentated, or serrated ; hoary beneath. Bark fungous, cracked. Nut ovate. Calyx muri- cated, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (Desf.) A sub-evergreen tree. Mountains of Tuscany, Spain, and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and near Tangier. Height 50 or 60 ft. Introduced in 1824.. Variefi/. f Q. P. 2 Fontanesn. Q. FontanesM Guss., Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (Our /g. 1624.) — Either identical with this species, or a very slight variety of it. The bark is corky, though less so than that of Q. iSuber. Young branches downy or hoary ; sometimes smooth, striated. Des- fontaines describes the bark as fungous, as very thick, and as being, without doubt, capable of replacing the cork of Europe. The leaves are oval-oblong, dentated or serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath, remaining green a part of the winter ; so that the tree may be considered as forming the connecting link be- tween the evergreen oaks and the deciduous ones. Q. Suher angustitbhum and Q. Suher dentatum (p. 884.) pseudo suber. nvdy posslbly be forms of this species. I -Ad. Q. Tu'rnerz Willd. Turner's Oak. Identification. Willd. Enum., 975. ; Baumz., p. 339. Synunymes. Q. hyhrida Hort. ; Chene de Turner, Fr. ; Tur- nersche Eiche, Ger. Engravings. Willd. Baumz., t. 3. f.2. ; and om Jig. 1626. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, mucronatej dentate ; glabrous on both sides ; somewhat wedge-shaped at the base. Branchlets hairy. ( IVilld.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly ever- green tree, apparently a hybrid between Q. pedunculata and Q. /'lex, having been found in a bed of seedlings of the former species, in 1795 or before, in Turner's Nursery, at Hol- lovvay Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. 3l 3 IC'H Q P. Fontaniibii. Ifi26. Q. Tlirneri. 888 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers and acorns have been produced in the Mile End Nursery. The leaves vary considerably in size, but not much in form, or in the cha- racter of their margins. Readily propagated by grafting on the common oak, from which, in summer, it can scarcely be distiniiuished at a distance, as its branches andleaves are so simdar ; but, in winter, its thick, glossy, and strictly evergreen foliage has a fine effect. On the whole, it is an exceedingly distinct and very handsome tree, by no means liable to vary in the form of its foliage, like what may be called the natural species of European and American oaks. It is rather more tender than Q. Cerris LucombeaHa, but, nevertheless, it retains its foliage nearly as long as that species. tt 1 36. Q. hy'brida na'na. The dwarf hybrid Oak. Syiionymes. Q. h'yhridA Lodd. Cat. 1836; S. " a hybrid between Q. pedunculata and Q. /'lex, in the Horticultural Society's. Garden ; " Q. hOmilis Jiori. ; Q. nina Hort. Engravings. Our Jigs. 16'27. and 1628. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtusely dentate, smooth, and of the same colour on both sides. Footstalks short. A sub-evergreen l)ush. Found, about 1825, in a bed of seedling oaks in the Bristol Nursery, where the original plant, in May, 1837, was between 8 ft. and 9 ft. high, with a trunk 8 in. in circumference at 1 ft. from the ground. Flowers ?, In summer, the leaves, at a distance, bear a considerable resemblance to those of the common oak ; but, on a nearer inspection, they appear as in fig. 1627. or mfig. 1628. : the first from the specimen tree in the Hackney arbo- retum, and the second from the arboretum at Milford. Towards the autumn, those shoots which have con- tinued growing exhibit leaves on their extremities so exactly like those of Q. Turner/, that it is altogether impossible to 1627. 162S. Q. hjbrida nflna. 1629. make any distinction between them. Propagated by grafting on the common oak. Ftg. 1629. exhibits leaves («, /;) taken from the extremities of the shoots, in different parts of the same plant. ' B. Natives of North America. § ix. Virentes. Live Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; dentate, and variously cut when young; but, on full-grown trees, quite entire. Bark smooth, black. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut long. Low trees or shrubs ; rather tender in Britam, and not attaining a timber-like size north of London. * 37. Q. vf RENS Ait. The green, or Live, Oak. Identification. Ait^ Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p. 3.56. ; Pursh Sept., p. 626. ; Michx. Quer., No. 6. Bo't^Gard ^'^"^^^^ ^ ^'^- ^P- Pi- 1412.; Q. semyervXren^ Banister s Q. hemisphx'rica Sril. E7i;rrovmgs. Michx. Quer., t. 10, 11. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 12. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ut edit., vol. vni. ; and ourfigs. 1630, 1631, 1632. Sj7ec. Char., Src Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, revolute, entire, point- less ; obtuse at the base ; clothed with starry down beneath. Fruit stalked. Nut oblong. (Willd.) An evergreen tree. North America, in the maritime ■Hi IJ ! : iHl LXX. CORYLACE^: QUE RCUS. 887 1650. Q. virens. parts of the Southern States. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers and fruit rarely produced in England. The leaves are oval, corianeous, of a dark green above, and whitish beneath : thev persist during several years, but are partially renewed every spring. On old" trees, growing wild in the forests, they are always entire, as shown in fig. 1631. ; but, on seedlings of 2 or 3 years old, they are very distinctly toothed, as in Ji'^. 1632. On trees growing in cool soils, or reared in plantations, they 1632. Q. -rirens. are one half larger than those on the trees usually found in a wild state, and a' e often denticulated even on old trees. The acorns are of an elongated oval form, nearly black, and are contained in greyish pedunculated cups. In Bri- tish gardens, this tree is seldom found higher than a large shrub, it requiring rather a wanner climate to attain a timber-like size. ? i 38. Q. myrtifo'lia Willd, No. 4., N. DuHam.l. p. 131. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, entire, smooth, acute at each end. Carolina. See Jig. 2103. m p. 1 1 10. It is described in our first edition, p. 1920. 3l 4 888 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. c. Natives of Nepal, § X. Lanatce. Woolly or downy-leaved Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves oval-oblong or lanceolate, serrated or dentated, but not sinuated or lobed ; woolly beneath. Trees evergieen, natives of Nepal ; and only half-hardy in the climate of London. They may be propagated by cuttings, which root without much difficulty; and the plants require the protection of a wall. i 39. Q. Lana'ta Smith. The •vioo\[y-leaved Nepal Oak. p. 57. ; Q. Bdnja Ham. MS3. ; ? Q. oblongata Identification. Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 27. Synonymes. Q. lanuginosa D. Dim Prod. Ft. Nt'p. D. Don, 1. c. ; ? Q. incana Boyle Illust. p. 341. Engraving. Owe fig. 1G33. from the tree at Kew. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-oblong, sharply serrated, coriaceous ; densely woolly beneath. Fruit in axillary solitary spikes. Calyx scaly, without prickles. {Smith.) A large evergreen tree. Upper Nepal, on mountains. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. ; in England a half-hardy shrub. Introd. in 1818. Flowers greenish white; May. Acorns occasionally produced. In its native country this is a tree of vast dimensions, with a scaly bark, and rigid, brown, warty branches, clothed, when young, with dense white down ; but in England it has not yet been seen above 10 ft. high, and it requires to attain this height the protection of a wall. In the Hackney arboretum, and in tliat at Flitwick, [)lants of this spe- cies have stood out, without any pro- tection, in the open garden for several years, but they are annually killed down within a short distance of the ground ; nursery, plants in pots have borne acorns. Ifi33. nevertheless, Q. lanhta. in Messrs. Loddiges's i St 40. Q. annula'ta Smith. The ring-cupped Oak. Identification. Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 22. Synonymes. Q.Phullata Ham. MSS., D Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 57. ; ? Q. KamrobpiV 1). Don, 1. c. ; U. glauca Lodd. Cat. td. 1836 ; ? Q glaiica Thunb. ; { Q. acuminata Hort. Engraving. Our fig. 1634. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed ; dentately serrated, except to- wards the base ; somewhat glaucous and downy beneath. Fruit spiked. Nut oblong. Calyx furrowed concentrically. (^Sviith.) A large evergreen tree. Nepal, in various places. Height 50ft. to 60 ft.; in England a half-hardy shrub. Intro- duced in 1822. Leaves evergreen, rigid, somewhat silky beneath, the young ones very silky. Stipules linear, hairy, longer than the footstalks, deciduous. Male flowers in pendulous, hairy, yellowish, shortish spikes, springing from the buds below the leaves. There are specimens of this tree in the Botanic Gar- den at Kew, which are found to be deci- dedly hardier than the plants of Q. lanata in the same garden. !634. V' annuUW. Lxx. corylaVe^: que'rcus. 889 App. i. European Kinds of Oaks not yet introduced. Q. fai^inea Lam. Q. frgi- Iopif61ia"jr//W, (our /g. 1635. from specimen in the Lin- naean herbarium.) — Leaves on short downy footstalks, obovate, with numerous uni- form shallow lobes ; downy beneath ; somewhat heart- shaped and unequal at the base. Fruit sessile. {Smith.) Natives of Spain and the south of France. Introd. 1840. Q. gL'gihpifu/ia Pers. Syn. 2. p. 570., Q. hispanica ^ Lam., has oval, sinuated, and dentated leaves, the teeth of which are close together and almost obtuse ; green above, and downy beneath. The acorns are pedunculated, and half-enclosed in a smooth cup. The bark is cracked, but not corky. Native of Spain. Q. 'BrosSii Bosc, 3fem. sur les Chines, p. 319. (Chene Brosse at Nantes ; Chene nain Bonami) bears so great an analogy to Q. pyrenaica (see p. 853.), that, according to Bosc, it may possibly be only a variety of that species. Q, ijminalis Bosc, Mem. sur les Chenes, p. 316. (Chene Saule, Chene "Osier, Chene de Hai, Fr.) is found in the departments in the East of France, It is common on the Jura, and on the mountains of the Vosges. It seldom grows higher than 6 or 8 feet ; with a grey bark ; leaves resembling those of Q. pe- dunculata, but much smaller, of a brighter green, and always very smooth. Q. dspera Bosc, Mem. sur les Chenes, p. 328. (le Chene apre, Fr.) has the leaves petioled,coriaceous,of a medium size, elongated irregularly, but not deeply lobed ; the lobes broad, pointed, and mncronated. The upper surface of the leaf is studded with small tubercles, beset with stiff bristle-like hairs disposed in stars, which are very rough to the touch ; the under surface is downy. This species does not attain any great height, C/iene Lezermien Bosc, Mem. sur les Chenes, p. 328., is described as nearly allied to the preceding kind. Ckhie Cnstillan Bosc, Mem. sur les Chenes, p. 328., has the leaves oval, pointed, shghtly tomentose beneath, with unequal teeth, each terminated by a sharp turned up point. The acorns are borne three or four together on short peduncles. Abundant on the sandy mountains of Old Castile. Q. lusiuinica. Q. lusitanica L«??!&. {ow fig. 1636.), Q. /;rasina Pers. (our fig. 1637.), Q. calycina Pair., Q. expansa Pair., Q. rotundifolia Lam., and Q. humilis Lam., are described in our first edition. 890 App, II. 1638. Q. infect6ria. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Oaks of Africa, Asia Minor, and Persia, only -partially introduced. Q. obtecta Voir. Did. Encyc. Suppl. 2. p. 218., N. Du Ham. 7. p. 163. — A very doubtful species. Q. infedoria Oliv. Voy. dans I'Emp. Ottom. 1. p. 253. t. 14. Q. cariensis Willd. ; Chene a Gailes, Fr. ; Farber Eiche, Ger. (Our Jigs. 1G38. and 1639. ; the first from Olivier, and the ^^ second from Du Hamel.) — Leaves ovate-oblong, s!:;^ very smooth on both sides, deepl}^ toothed, somewhat sinuated, deciduous. Fruit sessile ; ri[)ening the second year. Calyx tessellated. Nut elongated, nearly cy- lindrical. (Sm.) A decidu- ous shrub. Turkey and Greece, and the North of i'^''^- «• infectoria. Africa. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ?. The leaves are about 1 or 1^ inches long, bright green, smooth on both sides, but paler beneath ; their serratures are deep and broad, not acutely pointed. Fruit solitary, nearly sessile. Cup slightly downy ; its scales not very distinct. Acorn two or three times longer than the cup, smooth, nearly cylindrical. Olivier observes that this plant, besides producing the galls of commerce, bears a number of different kinds of this excrescence, which are neglected as useless. The de- scription and figures of these galls, and of the insects which cause their production, are in our first edition. Q. Libani Olio. t. 49. f. 2. (our Jig. 1640.), Q. rigida Willd. (/g. 2104. in p. 1110.), Q. iberica Stev., Q. cas- taneasfolia C. A, Meyer (Plantae Caspico-Caucasicae, 1. p. 9. t. 1. ; and our_^g. 1641.), and Q.. mongolica Fisch. are described in our first edition. Q. mannijera Lindl. Bot. Reg. Chron., 1840, No. 72., and also Q. mongolica, appear to be nothing more than varieties of Q. sessiliflora. The latter produces the Koor- distan manna, a sweet glutinous substance, which oozes from the upper surface of the leaves during the hottest months of the yeai". (See Penny Cyc, art. Quercus, p. 215. ; and Q. sessiliflora, in our p. 851.) 1 1641. Q. castaneeet6Ua. LXX. CORYLA^CE^: QUE'rcUS. 891 Q. regia Lindl. Bot. Reg. Chron. 1840, No. 73.. has the general appear- ance of a sweet chestnut ; but, being described from imperfect specimens, very little can be said about it with certainty. Native of Koordistan. Q. Brdntn Lindl. Bot. Keg. Chron. 1840, No. 74., appears to be nearly alHed to Q. /Uex. Named after Mr. Brant, the discoverer, and it is hoped that acorns will soon be introduced. App. iii. Himalayan Oaks only partially introduced. It is observed by Dr. Royle, that the Himalayan oaks vary much in appear- ance, and that, in all probability, the number of kinds at present enumerated as species will hereafter undergo " some reduction." It has also been sug- gested to us by Professor Don, that several of the Nepal and Japan oaks de- scribed by authors under different names are probably the same. As seeds of every kind are constantly received from the Himalayas, some of these kinds may be already in the country, and probably the whole will be soon obtained. Q. spicdfa Smith in Rees's Cycl. No. 12. Q. squamata Box. Hort. Beng. p. 68. ; Q. A'rcula Ham. MSS. (Wallich PI. As. Rar. Asiat., t. 46. ; and our 1642. Q. !.p!cata. I^g. 1642.) — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, quite entire, very sharply pointed ; acute at the base, sometimes obtuse ; smooth. One of the largest, as well as the commonest, sorts of oak in Nepal, where it attains the most gigantic size. The wood is exceedingly like the English oak in colour, and most probably 892 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. equals it in other respects ; but the mountaineers do not esteem it much, owing, as they saj', to its speedy decay; a circumstance attributable no doubt to their employing it in its green state. A similar prejudice prevails in that country against the other species. Female flowers on a separate tree [pro- bably accidentally], crowded 3 together in sessile groups along the spiikes. Acorns eatable, but not very good ; the size and shape of a large filbert, even- pointed, dark brown ; their cups short, scaly. (Smith.) 1GI5. Q. grand folia. Q, obtusifoHa D. Do7i, Q. grandifolia D. Dun (Lamb. Gen. Pin., and ouvfig. 1643.), and Q. velutina Lindl. (Wall. PL As. Rar., t. 130. fg. 1645.) are described in our first edition. Q. lamellosa Smith. Q. imbricata Ham. MSS., D. Bon Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 37. (Wall. PI. As. Rar., t. 149. ; owx jig. 1644.) — Leaves elliptic or ovate, ser- rated, flat, glabrous, acute, on long foot- stalks ; obtuse at the base ; glaucous beneath ; the veins continued to the serratures ; veinlets raised. Cups solitary, sessile, depressed, and downy ; composed of scales forming loosely imbricated, undulated, concentric layers, which surround the nut. Nut tomentose, bossed, de- pressed, shorter than the cup. {Lindl. MSS., as quoted by Wallich.) of Nepal J ripening its fruit towards the end of the year. 2. t. 8. ; : and our 1641. 9. leuiielltea. A native of the mountains Lxx. coryla*ce;e : que'rcus. 893 1645. Q. velutina. 1S46. Q. semecarpifolia. Q. seviecarpifulta Smith (Wall. PI. As. Rar., t. 174. ; and our Jig is described in our first edition. 1G4G.) App. IV. Oaks of Japan, Cochin-China, and China, most of which have not yet been introduced, glabra Thunb. — Sieboldt states that this oak bears clipping, on which account it is very commonly found round places of worship and in gar- dens, where it is cut into the form of pyramids, globes, and other figures. In garden scenery, in Japan, where the geometrical style is imitated, this oak is used as the beech and the hawthorn are in Europe ; but it has the advantage of these trees in being evergreen. In- troduced to the Leyden Botanic Garden in 1830, and found there quite hardy. {Sieb. Fl. Jap., p. 9.) Q. concentrica Lour. ; Q. acuta Thu7ib.; Q. serrata Thunb., introd. 1837 ; Q. glauca Thunb. ; Q. cnspidata Thunb. (Sieb. Fl. Jap., t. 2 ; and our fg. 1647.) ; Q. dentata Thunb., hills of Ja- pan ; Q. obovata Bunge, and Q. chinen- sis Bunge, are described in our first ed. Bunge observed a third species on the mountains of Pan-Schan, very himilar to Q. mongolica Fisch. 161". Q. caspidata. App. V. Oaks of Java, Sumatra, and the Molucca Isles, not yet introduced. Q. sunddica Blurae Fl. Jav. t. 2. and 3., and our Jigs. 1648. and 1649. The 894 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1648. Q. sundMca. 1649. Sunda Oak. — Leaves elliptic, acuminate; narrowed towards the base; glabrous above, somewhat glaucous beneath ; veins covered with down. Catkins soli- tary. A tree, attaining the height of 80 ft. and upwards, with smooth bark. It is not imfrequent in the woods of Western Java, in low grounds, and on the banks of rivers. i^.pruindsa Blume Fl. Jav. t. 1.; and our fig. 1630. The frosty Oak. — Leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate; roundish at the base. Branchlets and leaves covered beneath with small yellowish scales. Fruit aggregate, in short spikes. Cup concave, covered with small scales. Nuts roundish-ovate. A beautiful tree, from 50 ft. to GO ft. high, with a thick bark. 1650. Q. pruindaa. 16,51. Q. angustita. Q. angustala Blume Fl. Jav. t. 7. ; and onr fig. 165 L The mxrow-Ieavcd Oak. — Leaves oblong, lanceolate ; acute at each end ; shining above, glaucous beneath. Catkins axillary, terminal, elongated. Cups flattish, rough with small scales. Nuts roundish-ovate. A large spreading tree, 80 ft. high, with compact wood. Common in the mountains of Gede, at elevations of 4000 and 5000 feet. (^Blume.) LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE RCUS. 895 Q. pallida Blume Fl. Jav. t. 4. and 3. ; and our Jigs. 1652. and 1653. The pale Oak. — Leaves oval- oblong, very much pointed ; acute at the base, quite entire ; glabrous ; pale-colour- ed beneath. Catkins terminal, dioecious ; the male catkins branched, fastigiate ; the female ones sim- ple. A tree, fi"om 50 ft. to 60 ft. high ; flowering in June and July. Found near the sources of the river Tjibarrum, in the mountains of Gede. (Blume.) Q. costata Blume Fl. Jav. t. 13, 14. ; and our Jigs. 1654. and 1658.t?, e. The Tihhed- cupped Oak. — Leaves oblong, acuminate ; acute at the base ; glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Catkins branched. Fruit peduncled. Nuts flat above, round beneath, immersed in the cup. Cups without teeth, surrounded by circular ribs. A tree, 70 ft. high, found in mountainous places. It is easily distinguished from all the others by the singular form of its cup. Q. rotunddta Blume Fl. Jav. t. 11. ; and our Jig. 1655. The voimt^i-fridtcd Oak. — Leaves oblong, acuminate; attenuated at the base ; glabrous; glaucous beneath. Fruit in short one-sided spikes. Cups hemispherical, scaly at the 1652. (J. pallida. 1653. ij. iiillida. ]«94. , c. Q. piacentAria. 1658. d, e. q. cQstJita, 1659- Q. glaberrima. margin, but without teeth at the base. Nuts plano-convex on their upper part, rounded beneath. A tree, 70 ft. high, with compact heavy wood. It is found on high mountains, and flowers in August. {Bboiie.) Q. elegans Blume Fl. Jav. t. 10. ; and oury^. 1656. The elegant Oak. — Leaves obovate, or oval-oblong, bluntly acuminate, narrowed in the petiole, glabrous. Fruit in long spikes. A magnificent tree, with a thick trunk, frequently attaining the height of 60 ft. A native of the woods of the province of Bantam, and in mountainous places. {Blume) O. placentan'a Blume FI. Jav. t. 9.; and our ^g. 1657. a, b, c. The placenta-c?//^/(;v/ Oak. — Leaves ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminate ; roundish at the base ; coriaceous, glabrous. Fruit in clusters. Cup covered with small tubercles. Nuts roundish, depressed. A tree, about 40 ft. high, found on the volcanic mountain of Cede, at an elevation of 6000 ft. The wood is rarely used, although very hard, and capable of taking a fine polish. {Blume) Q. glaberrima Blume Fl. Jav.t. 8. ; and ouryf^'-. 1659. — Introduced in 1837, Q. platycdrpa Blume Fl. Jav. t. 15. ; and our Jig. 1660. The broad-fruited LXX. CORYLA^CE.«: QUE'rCUS. 897 16C0. q. platjc^a. 1661. Q. (faphnoidea. Oak. — Leaves oval-oblong, acute ; somewhat wedge-shaped at the base; gla- brous ; shining above, glaucous beneath. Fruit peduncled, in short spikes. Cups surrounded beneath by hollow rings. Nuts round, depressed. A large tree, a native of the woods m the south of the province of Bantam. (Bhme.) Q. daphimdea Elume Fl. Jav. t. 16.; and our ^g. 1660. The Daphne- 1G62. Q, gemellifl6ra. 3m 6C3- Q. uidiita. 898 ARBORETUM ET rRUnCETUM BRITANNICUM. like Oak. — Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; sharp at both ends, quite entire, smooth; somewhat glaucous beneath. Fruit in long slender catkins, almost solitary. Cups surroundetl by concentric rows of tubercles. Nuts ovate, sharp-pointed. A tall tree, a native of Bantam. (Bbime.) Q. racemosa Hook, in Conip. B. Mag., Q. gemeWiMra Bl time FL Jav. t. 17. (owrfig. 1662.), Q. induta Blitme Fl. Jew. t. 12. (our/g. 1663.), Q. urceolaris Hook., and Q. Pseudo-molucca Blume FI. Jav. t. 6. (our %. 1664-.), are described in our first edition. Pji^ /i 1664. Q. Pseiido-molijcca. 1665. Q. turbinSita. Q. vwlucca Lin. Sp. PI. U12., Willd. No. 11., N. Du Ham. 7. p. 153. The Molucca Oak. — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, entire, acute at each end, smooth. Nut roundish, furrowed. (Smith.) Q. turbindla Blume Fl. Jav. t. 18. ; and our fig. 1665. The top-shaped-«(^j/)etula jintarctica Forsl. in Coimn. Goett. 9. p. 45., VVilld. Sp. Fl. A. p. 466. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 25. ; and our fig. 1701. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, crenu- late, leathery, shining, glabrous ; round at the base, on short footstalks. Perianth of the male flowers solitary, turbinate, 3 — 7-lobed. Anthers 10 — 16. Cupuies involucriform, smooth, 4-partite ; segments nearly linear, laciniate. Ovaries 3-sided, laterally exserted ; angles marginate. (M/7-bel.) An ever- green tree. Terra del Fuego, where it forms vast forests. This beech is also a native of Van Die- inan's Land, where it is called tlie myrtle tree by the colonists. It generally grows in th^ western part of the island, where an esculent fungus is found in clusters around the swollen parts of its branches, ^aid to have been intro- duced in 1830. 'i 5. F. anta'rctica Fo?'st. The antarctic Beech. Identification. Forst. in Comment. Goett., 9. p. 24. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 160. Engravings Our fig. 1702. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium ; a.ad.fig. 1703. from the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate blunt, glabrous ; attenuated at the base ; doubly dentate ; their margins naked. (Willd.) A tree or shrub, a native of Terra del Fuego. Branches rugged, tortuous. Leaves alternate, petio- late, ji in. long ; plicate ; veins on the under side somewhat downy ; the teeth roundish, blunt. Said to have been intro- duced in 1830. """S. F. antiircUcft LXX. CORYLa'cEJE : FA^GVS. Oil h. Species not yet introduced into British Gardens. 2 6. F. Dombe'y/ Mirb. Dombey's, or the Myrtle-leaved, Beech. Identification. Mem. Mus., 14. p. 468. : Comp. Bot. Mac 1 p. 301. *"' ' Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 24. ; and onr fig. 1704. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, some- what rhomboid, pointed ; serrated, coriaceous, shining, glaarous ; wedge-shaped, and oblique at the base, on very short footstalks. Perianth of the male ternate, campanulate, 4 — .5-lobed. Anthers 8 — 10. Cupules involucriform, smooth, 4-partite ; segments almost linear, laciniate! Ovaries laterally exserted, 3-sided ; angles mar- ginate. (Mirb.) A tall tree, a native "of Chiii, where it was found, along with F. obliijua, by the botanist after whom it had been named. Whether it is deciduous or evergreen we are un- certain ; there being no living plants of it either in France or England. The dubious Beech, 17U4. F. Donibeyi. : 7. F. DUBiA Mirb. Identification. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 26. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 2ij. ; and our^^. 1705. Spec. Char., S^-c. Leaves ovate, bluntish, doubly ser- rate, coriaceous, shining, glabrous, round at the base, on short footstalks. Perianth of the male solitary, turbinate, 5 — 7-lobed. Anthers 10 — 16. (ATirb.) A South American tree, not introduced. Probably nothing more than a variety of F. betu- loides. The branches are smoother and more elon- gated ; the leaves larger, oval, and not elliptic ; and dentate, not crenulate ; all which differences may be the result of a more vigorous growth. The dried specimen, in other respects, perfectly resembles that of F. 6etuloides ; and Commerson, who gathered it at the Straits of Magellan, had placed it along with that species, under the name of i?etula antarctica. As Mirbel had not seen the female flower, he thought it better not to confound it with F. 6etuldides. 1705. F. diibia Genus III. CASTA'NEA Tourn. The Chestnut. Lin. Syst. Monoe^cia Polyandria. Identification. Tourn., 352 ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 460. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 65. Synunymes. /agus 7.m. and others ; Chataignier, Fr. ; Kastanie, Ger.; Castagno, Ital. ; Castano, Span. ; Castaiilieiro, Port. ; Castanietree, Swed. and Dan. ; Keschton, Russ. Derivation. From Castanea, a town in Thessaly, or from another town of that name in Pontus. Gen. Char. Male jloivers each consisting of a 6-parted calyx, and 10 — 15 stamens, affixed to its bottom, and extended beyond its mouth. Flowers sessile, and disposed in groups along axillary stalks : each group consists of many flowers, and is iiivolucrated by a bractea and a bracteole. — Female flowers consih.ting each of an ovary taper to the tip, clothed with a calyx, and crowned by its 6 — 7 — 8-cleft limb, and bearing as many styles, and having as many cells, with two pendulous ovules in each. The flowers are 912 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. disponed 2 — 3 or more together, within a bell-shaped, and externally bristly ins'olucre. Fndt 2 — 3 nuts, included in a 4-valved involucre. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entii'e, feather- nerved, plaited in the bud. Flowers yellowish, conspicuous from the abundance and length of the male catkins. Fruit with a hairy calyx like that of the beech. — Trees deciduous, large, spreading ; natives of Europe and North America, requiring a good soil to attain a large size. There is only one European species, which is chiefly valuable as a fruit tree, and as coppice-wood ; the timber of full-grown trees being brittle, and of short duration. The foliage is large and ornamental ; and, in this and its fruit, it bears a close analogy to the beech, ¥ 1. C ve'sca GcBrtn. The eatable, sweet, or Spanish, Chestnut. Identification. Gcertn. Sem., 1. p. 181. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 460. Synotiymes. i^gus Castanea Lin. Hort. Cliff'. 447. : Castanea sativa Mill. Diet. No. \.; C. vulgaris Lam. Encyc. 1. p. 708., F.ng. Bot. t. 886., Eng. Fl. 4. p. 151. Derivation. The terra Sweet Chestnut is applied with reference to the fruit, in contradistinction V the fruit of the horsechestnut, which is hitter. It is called the Spaaish chestnut, because the best chestnuts for the tal)le, sold in the London markets, are imported from Spain. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t, 886. ; N. Du Ham. 3. t. 19. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and onr fig. 1706. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, mucronately serrated; glabrous on each side. {Willd.) A stately deciduous tree, rivalling the oak in size and longevity ; but, in regard to its timber, comparatively worthless. Asia Minor. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Cultivated in the temperate parts of Eui'0|)e from time immemorial. Flowers yellowish ; May. Fruit greenish, enclosing a brown nut ; ripe in October. Varieties. These may be arranged in two classes ; those which are considered botanical varieties, and those which are cultivated on account of their fruit. A. Botanical Varieties. *t C. t;. 2 asple7iif()lia Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. heterophylla Hort. ; C. laciniata Hort.; C ^alicifolia Hort. — The leaves cut into shreds, regularly or irregularly, and sometimes so as to appear like Unear-lanceolate leaves; and hence the epithet of salicifolia. 1^ C V. Z cochlcata Lodd. Cat. 1836. — The leaves cucullate, or hooded, with a diseased stunted appearance. Y C. iJ. 4 glabra Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. v. fohis lucidis i7o;7. — The leaves rather thin, and more shining than those of the species, 't C. V. 5 gluuca. C. ghiuca Hort, — The leaves somewhat glaucous. Y C.v. 6 variegdta. C. v. foliis aureis Lodd. Cat. 1836. — The leaves variegated with yellow, with some streaks of white ; and the tree, when of a larger size, makes a splendid appearance in spring, and is admirably adapted for planting among evergreen shrubs, along with the balsam poplar ; the colour of which, when the leaves first expand, has all the rich yellow of this variety. 1 C. V. 7 amcricdua. C. vesca Michx. N. Amcr. Si/l. iii. p. 9. — This variety has broader leaves than the European chestnut. B. Fruit-bearing Varieties. There are upwards of 20 sorts cultivated in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, of which Mr. Thompson considers the four following as deserving the preference for ornamental cultivation : — Chataignier prime, C. Rallue, the Downton Chestnut, and Prolific Chestnut. Besides these there are the following English sorts : — Devonshire, Lewis's, Li.sbon, Masters's (!anterbury. Knight's Prolific, and tiie New Prolific. The varieties cultivated in France for the table are divided into two kinds, viz. les chdtaignes and Ics marrons ; the former being to the latter what the crab is to the apple. The best marrons sold in Paris are the marrons de Lyons ; and the best kinds of the common chestnut are : — La Chataigne de 14 LXX. CORYLA^CE^: CASTA^NEA. 913 Bois ; la Chataigne ordinaire ; la Chataigne pourtalonne ; la Chataigne printaniere ; la Oliataigne verte du Limousin, which produces very large excellent fruit ; and la Chataigne exalade, the fruit of which is the best of all the common chestnuts for the table. {Le Bon Jard., 1837.) The sweet chestnut differs essentially from the oak, in its timber not in- creasing in value as it increases in age. The trunk, in deep free soils, and in situations sheltered rather than exposed, rises erect, and forms a massive column of wood ; but, in unsuitable soils, and in elevated exposed situations, and in cold climates, it ramifies at the height of 10 or 12 feet, and the tree as- sumes the character of a large pollard. The root descends perpendicularly, like that of the oak, but not, as it is alleged, to quite so great a depth. The rate of growth of young trees, in the neighbourhood of London, averages from 2 ft. to 3 ft. a year for the first 10 or 12 years. The tree will attain the height of from GO ft. to 80 ft. in from 50 to 60 years ; before which period its timber is generally in the highest degree of perfection ; but the tree will live for se- veral centuries afterwards, and produce abundance of fruit ; its timber, in the mean while, beginning to decay at the heart, or become brittle, and fit only for fuel. The wood of the chestnut has the remarkable property of bemg more durable when it is young than when it is old ; the sap or outer wood very soon changing into heart wood ; and hence the great value of this tree for .706 C. v pruning or by the closeness of the plantation, cause the upper part of the |)ole to diminish in size too rapidly. The chestnut, like the beech, prefers a deep sanoy loam. It will not thrive in stiff' tenacious soil ; and, in a rich loam, its timber, and even its poles and hoops, are brittle, and good for nothing. The species is propagated by the nut, which may be treated exactly in the same manner as the acorn ; and the varieties are perpetuated by grafting. 't ^ 2. C. PU^MiLA Wi/ld. The Dwarf Chestnut, or Chincapin, Identification. WilH. Sp. PI., 4. p. 461. ; Jlichx. Amer., 2. p. 193. Synoni/mes. Fagus piimila Lin. Sp. PI. 1416.; Castanea pClmila virginiSlna, Stc, Fluk. Aim. ^6.; ChStaigner Chincapin, Fr. ; zwerch Kastanie, or Castanje, Cer. Engravings. Wang. Amer., 57. t. 19. f. 44. ; Miohx. N. Amer. Syl., 8. t. 10.5. ; our,^. 1707. from Michaux ; and^^. 1708. from the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., (^-c. Leaves oblong, acute, mucronately serrated ; covei-ed with white tomentum beneath. {Willd.) A deciduous shrub. North America, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Georgia, and Lower Louisiana. Height 8 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1G99. Flowers yellow ; May. Fruit half the size of the common chestnut. 1707. . piiinila. 170S. C. piimila. In dry arid soils C. pumila is a shrub ncft exceeding 6 or 7 feet in height, but in rich soil it is a low tree. The leaves are .3 or 4- inches long, shnrply toothed, and similar in form to those of the C. v. americana ; from v\hich they are distinguished by their inferior size, and the whiteness of their under surface. The fructification, also, resembles that of C. v. americana in form and arrangement ; but the flowers and fruit are only about half as large, and the nut is convex on both sides. ., Species of Castdnea not yet introduced into European Gardens. Several species of chestnuts have been discovered in Nepal and Java; some of which were, at first, supposed to belong to the genus ^uercus, but have since been separated from that genus, and referred to Castanea, by Dr. Linilley ; and others have been described and figured by Blume, in his splendid work on the plants of Java. Dr Lindley has given a synoptical list of the Indian C'astaueas in Dr. Wallich's PI. As. liar., in which he enumerates eight different species, all of which we shall shortly notice. | C. indica Rox. Ilort. Beng., p. 68., Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Rar., Royle ' Illust., p. 341., is a native of the mountains of Nepal and Silhet. I%l I* Ml LXX. CORYLA CEJE : CASTA NEA. 91: C Ro.rhurghn Lindl. I. c. ; Quercus castanicarpa Rox. llort. Beng. p. 68., Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3. p. 856. ; is a native of Chittagong. C. sphcBrocdrj^a Lindl. 1. c, Quercus armata Rox. MSS , is a native of the mountains near Silhet. C. t.nbiii6ides Lindl. 1. c, Royle Illust. p. S+l. Quercus /ribuloides Smith in Rees's Cycl. No. 13., D. Bon m Prod. Xep. p. 56„ Wall, in Litt.; Q. Catungea Ham. MSS. ; Q. ferox Rox. Hort. Beng. p. 68. — This species, according to Sir J. E. Smith, was discovered by Dr. Buchanan (Hamilton) in the forests of Upper Nepal, flowering and fruiting at various seasons. Dr. Buchanan sup- posed it to be an oak ; and he describes it as being a tree with smooth branches, and leaves on short footstalks, lanceolate, more or less ovate, entire, taper- pointed, somewhat unequal at the base, about 4 in. long, 1^ in. broad ; rigid, and rather coriaceous, with irregular, distant, slightly curved veins ; the upper surface polished, and the under one paler, and opaque. The flowers are generally monoecious (though Dr. Buchanan observed one tree with only female flowers), in slender, downy, clustered, axillary or terminal spikes ; the male spikes being the more numerous. Stamens about 8, with a dotted central disk. The calyx of the fiuit is armed with very numerous, rigid, prominent, sharp thorns, a fourth of an inch or more in length, spreading in every direction. C. martahanica Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 107., and our_^g. 1709., has the leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, quite entire, smooth, on short footstalks, acute 1710 C. TangHrrui. The veins and catkins are at the base, silvery beneath, downy, densely clothed with palmate branchy spines, divaricate. ( Wa/l.) A native of Martaban, near Amherst. C. Tnngurrut Bhtme Bjdr. Fl. Jnv. t. 22., and our Jig. 1710., has the leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, and ash-coloured beneath, flowny. It is an immense tree, 150 ft. high ; and is found in the province of Bantam, at an elevation of from 4000 ft. to 6000 ft. above the level of the sea. The natives call it Tungurrut, or Tungerreh. {Blume Fl. Jav.) Casldnea argentea Blume Fl. Jav. t. 21., and our ^g. 1711., has the leaves oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated, narrowed towards the base, glabrous and silvery beneath. Catkins silky. A tall tree, with a thick trunk ; a native of mountains in the west of Java. The wood is used for beams and the axle- trees of waggons ; and the acorns are eaten when boiled or roasted. ( Blume.) C.javdnica Blume Fl. Jav. t. 2.3, 24., and our^g. 1712., has the leaves falcate, oblong-lanceolate, sharp at both ends, glabrous, ochreous beneath ; the younger ones streaked underneath with dark yellow. A lofty tree, attaining the height of 120 ft., with a trunk 7 ft. in girt. Common in the woods of 3n 2 916 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^i Ot fcl He I 1711. C. arg^ntea. 1712. C. jaTinica. the volcanic mountain of Gede. Blume mentions two varieties : C j. luon- tana, C. montana Blume Bjdr. 10. p. 526.; and C j. fucescens. (Blume.) C. inermis Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. is a native of Singapore. C. chinensis Spreng. is mentioned in our Hortus Britannicus. ^. j Genus IV. CA'RPINUS L. The Hornbeam MonoeVia Polyandria. Idenlification. Lin. Gen., 497. ; Juss., 409.; Fl. Br., 1029. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 197. Synonymes. Carne, Charme, Fr. ; Haynbuclie, or Hainbuche, Ger. ; Carpino, Ital. Derivation. According to some, from cai-, wood, and pix, tlie head, Celtic ; from the wood being used to make the yokes of oxen : and, according to others, from the Romans using the wood for making a sort of chariot, which they called carpcntum, and which the Swedes still call kanti. The French name, Charme, is evidently from the same origin. The English name of Hornbeam al- ludes to the horny texture of the wood ; and the German one of Hainbuche, to the use of the wood for making groves in the geometric style of gardening. Gen. Char., Sfc. Male flowers. Catkin lateral, sessile, cylindrical. Bracleas imbricate, i^/oit^ers consisting of 12 or more stamens inserted at the base of a bractea. Anthers bearded at the tip, 1-celled. — Female flowers in lax terminal catkins. Bracteas of two kintis, outer and inner ; outer bracteas entire, soon falling off ; inner bracteas in pairs, each 3-lobed. Calyx cloth- ing the ovary to near its tip, and adhering to it ; toothed at the tip. Style very short. Stigmas 2, long, thread-shaped. Fruit not attended by the involucre ; ovate, compressed, ribbed, clothed except at the base, and tipped with the adnatc calyx ; woody ; including one seed. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, plaited in the bud. Flowers very small, greenish. — Trees, mostly of the middle size ; natives of Europe, the Levant, and North America ; little valued , ^m ""•isliiiio W;L. ^:^[ ^k^ Seiree ""ftketD,, if ^^ LXX. CORYLACE^: CA RPINUS. 917 either for their timber or ornamental effect ; but one species valuable as a garden hedge plant. Common soil, and seeds or layers. 3f I. C. ^e'tulus L, The Birch, or common. Hornbeam. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1416. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2032. Synonymes. C&rpinus Matth. I'algr. I. p. 131.; O'strya Bauh. Pin. 427.; O'rnus Trag. Hist. UOy.; i^dgus £au/i. Hist. 1. p. 2. 146. f . ; .Betulus Lob. Ic. 2. 190. f. ; Came, Charme, Fr. ; gemeine Haynbuche, Ger. ; Carpino bianco, Itat. ; Hornbeam, Yoke Elm, and in some place Wych hazel. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2032. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 58. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1713. Spec. Char., S^c. Bracteas of the fruit flat, oblong, serrated, with two lateral lobes. (^Smith.) A deciduous tree. Britain, and various parts of Eu- rope, in magnitude and general character resembling the common beech. Height 30 ft. to 70 ft. Flowers yellowish ; May. Nuts brown ; ripe in October or November. Varieties. 1 C. B. 2 incisa Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. B. guercifolia Desf. ;€. JS.hetero- phylla Hort. — Leaves deeply cut. 3f C. B. 3 variegdta Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves variegated. The hornbeam, being extremely patient of the knife, forms excellent hedges. The wood is very tough and horny, and the bark smooth and whitish, or light 1713. C. saulus. grey spotted with white ; and on old trees it is generally covered with a brownish moss. The wood is white, hard, heavy, tenacious, and very close- grained ; but it will not take a good polish. It weighs, when green, 64 lb. ; half-dry, 37 lb. ; and quite dry, o\ lb. It is very seldom used in construction • partly because it is seldom found of proper dimensions, and partly because, when the tree attains a large size, the wood is apt to become shaky, like that of the chestnut. As fuel, it surpasses the beech in the proportion of 1655 to 1540. For a nurse plant, and for hedges, it is particularly well adapted. It will succeed in any soil not too warm and dry. It is naturally found on cold 3 N 3 " 918 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. hard, clayey soils, in exposed situations ; but it attains its largest dimensions on plains, in loams, or clays that are not too rich. On chalk it will not thrive, in which respect it is directly the reverse of the beech. The seeds of the horn- beam ripen in October ; and they are produced freely in England, but seldom in Scotland ; the bunches, or cones, as they are called, which contain them, should be gathered by hand, when the nuts are ready to drop out ; or thev may be left on the tree till they drop ; when, though a part of the seed will have fallen out, there will, in all probability, be enough left for future use, the tree being at present but very sparingly propagated in Europe. The nuts separate readily from their envelopes ; and, if they are sown immediately, many of them will come up the following spring, and all of them the second spring. If they are preserved in dry sand, or in their husks, and sown tue following spring, they will come up a year afterwards ; the usual covering is f in. The plants may remain in the seed-bed for two years ; after which they may be planted into nursery lines, and undergo the usual routine treat- ment. ¥ 2. C. (B.) AMERiCA^NA Mickx. The American Hornbeam. Identification. Michx. Amer., 2. p. 201. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., p. 623. Synonyme. C. virgini&na Mic/ij:. Arh. t. 8. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 157. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 108. ; and our^^. 1714. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bracteas of the fruit 3-partite ; middle division oblique, ovate-lanceolate, 1-toothed on one side. {Willd.) A low deciduous ti-ee. Nova Scotia to Florida. Height 12 to 15 feet, but sometimes from 25 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers and fruit like those of the common hornbeam, and produced and ripened about the same time. The American hornbeam is smaller than that of Europe, but in other respects closely resembles it. Projiagated by layers, and sometimes by imported seeds. 1714. C.{B.) americana. C. (B.) orientilis. The Oriental Hornbeam. . 468. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 199. ¥ ss 3. C. {B.) oRiENTA^Lis Lam. Identification. Lam. Encyc, 1. p. 700. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. Synonyme. C- duiiiensis Scop. Cam. t. 60. Engravings. Scop. Cam., t. 60 ; Dend. Brit., t. 98. ; and our fig. 1715. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bracteas of the fruit ovate, unequal at the base, undivided, somewhat angular, unequally serrated. ( Willd.) A low deciduous tree or shrub. Asia Minor and the Levant. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers and fruit closely resembling those of the common horn- beam, and produced and ripened about the same time. I LXX. CORYLA CE^ : 0 STRYa. 919 As it shoots out into numerous widely spreading, horizontal, irregular branches, it cannot be regularly trained up with a straight clear trunk. The leaves are much smaller than those of the common hornbeam, and the branches grow closer together ; so that it is even still better adapted for forming a clipped hedge than that species. Very hardy, and easily propagated by layers. Sj]ecies or Varieties of Cdrpinus not yet introduced into European Gardens. Cdipimis (B.) Carpinizza Host. Fl. Aust. 2. p. 626. — Leaves crenately ser- rated ; scales of the strobiles revolute, 3-cleft ; the middle segment the longest, and quite entire. A native of the woods of Transylvania. The Tran- sylvanians distinguish this sort from C, ^etulus, ami call it Carpinizza. C. viminea Lindl., Wall, PI. As. Rar. t. 106., Royle Illust. p. 341., and our Jig. 1716., has the leaves ovate-lanceolate, nmch acumi- nated, doubly serrated ; petioles and branchlets glabrous , bracteas fruit-bearing, ovate-oblong, lacini- ate at the base, somewhat entire at the apex, bluntish. (Lind/. in Wall.) A native of the mountains of Nej)al, in Sirmoreand Kamaon ; and, according to Koyle, on Mus- souree, at the heiuht of 6500 ft. above the level of the sea ; flower- ing and fruiting from January to April. A fine tree, very like the conmion alder. C. faginea Lindl., Wall. PI. As. Rar. 2. p. 5., has the leaves ovate-oblong, acute, sharply serrated, and glabrous ; petioles and branchlets downy ; bracteas fruit-bearing, somewhat rhomboid, with large teeth, acute, reticulated. It is nearly allied to C. orientalis, but differs in the form and margin of the leaf, and in the bracteas. {JVaiL PL As. Ear., 2. p. 5.) C. viminea. Genus V. O'STRYA IVi/ld. Thk Hop Hounbeam. Lin. Syst. Monce'cia Polyandria. Synonijmes. Carpinus Lin. and others ; Hopfeiibuche, Ger. ; Ostria, Ital. lierivatiun. From ostryos, a scale ; iu reference to the scaly catkins. Gen. Char., Sfc. Male flowers with the bracteas of the catkins simple, im- bricate. Flowers of 12 or more stamens, inserted at the base of a bractea. Filaments branched, each branch bearing an anther. Anthers each of 1 cell. — Female flowers with the biacteas small, deciduous. Invo- liicral scales in pairs, hairy at the base, a pair growing together at their opposed edges, and constituting an inflated covering to the opening. Calyx investing the whole ovary, and extended at the tip into a very short ciliate tube. Style short. Stigmas 2, long, thread-shaped. Fruit a small nut, ovate, bearded at the u\). The fruits of a catkin imbricately disposed into an ovate spike. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alteri>ate, exstipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, ser- rated. Flowers small, greenish white. — Trees deciduous, small, in general appearance like the hornbeam ; natives of Europe and North America, Propagated by seeds or layers in common soil. 3n 4 920 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 3^ 1.0. vulga'fis Willd. The Hop Hornbeam. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI, 4. p. 469. Synonytnes. Carpinvis O'strya Hort. Cliff. 447. ; O'strya carpiniiblia Scop. Cam. No. 1191. ; O'strya Batih. Pin. 427. ; 0. Italica, &c., Michx. Gen. 223. t. 104. f. I, 2. ; Carpiiio nero, Itat. Engravings. Michx. Gen., t. 104, f. 1, 2. ; Dend. Brit., t. 143.; N. Du Ham., 2. t. .=i9. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and o\ir fig. 1717. Spec. Char., S^c. Strobiles ovate, pendulous. Leaves ovate, acute. Buds obtuse. {Willd.) A deciduous tree. Italy and the South of Europe. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers greenish-white; May, Fruit small, whitish brown ; ripe in October. The hop hornbeam, in its general appearance, bark, branches, and foliage, bears a great resemblance to the common hornbeam ; but is at once distin- 1717. O. vulgaris. guished from it by its catkins of female flowers. These consist of blunt scales, or bracteal appendages, which are cl(5se, and regularly imbricated, so as to form a cylindrical strobile, very like the catkin of the female hop ; whereas in the common hornbeam the bracteas are open and spreading. The tree has a very handsome appearance when in fruit ; and, in favourable situ- ••itions, it will attain nearly as large a size as the common hornbeam. It is commonly grafted on the common hornbeam ; but, as the growth of the former is more rapid than that of the latter, unless the graft is made imme- diately above the collar, the trunk of the scion becomes too large for that of the stock, and the tree is liable to be blown tlovvn, or broken over by the wind. Propagating by layers, or by seeds, is therefore a preferable mode. t 2. O. (? V.) virgi'nica Willd. The Virginian Hop Hornbeam. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 469. ; Ait. Ilort. Kew., .I p. 302. ; Pursh 2. p. 623. Synonyinrs. fiirpinus virfiiniana A//li. Ins. 2. p. l.'il. ; CarpiniLs O'strya virpiniSna Michr. Ft. Bor. Amrr. 2, p. 202. ; C. O'strya Michr. N. Amcr. Syl. 3. p. 30, with the exception of the figure, which is that of 0, viilg.^ris ; Iron Wood, Lever Wood, Amer. ; Bois dur, Illinois. Engravings. Abb. Ins., 2. t. 75. ; Pluk. Aim., t. 15t5. f. 1. ; and onrfigs. 1718, 1719. Spec. Char., Sfc. Strobiles ovate-oblong, erect. Leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minate. Buds acute. {Willd.) A deciduous tree. New Brunswick to \i LXX. CORYLA CE/Ti : 0 STRYA. 921 Florida. Height 15 ft. to 40 ft. as in the preceding species. The Virginian hop hornbeam, or iron wood, generally forms a tree about 30 ft. high, growing more rapidly than 0. vulgaris, and differing from that species, according to Willdenow and Pursh, chiefly in the position of its fe- male catkins, which are upright, instead of being pendulous. The tree, ac- cording to Michaux, is easily known, in winter, by its smootii greyish bark, which is finely divided, and detached in strips of not more than aline in breadth. In British gardens the tree bears a close resemblance to the European hop horn- 1718. O. virgfnica. beam. Genus VI. Introduced in 1692. Flowers and fruit 1719, O. virginica. n % CO'RYLUS L. The Hazel. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Polyandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1074. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 17. SynoHi/mes. Coudrier, Fr. ; Haselnuss, Ger. ; Nocciolo, Ital. Derivation. According to some, from korus, a lielmet ; tlie I'ruit, with its involucre, appearing as if covered with a bonnet ; and, according to others, from the Greeii word karuon, a nut. Gen. Char., Sfc. Male flowers in cylindrical catkins. Bracteas sessile, im- bricate. Perigonal scales two, cohering at the base, and adnate to the under surface of the bracteal scale. Stamens 8, inserted upon the peri- gonal scales towards their base. Anthers bearded at the tip. — Female flowers in a bud-like catkin, which is developed into a branchlet. Bracteal scale ovate, entire. Calyx not obvious, formed of a slightly villous mem- brane. Stigmas 2, long, thread-shaped. Fruit an ovate nut. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire, feather-veined. Flowers whitish in the male, and red in the female, protruded before the leaves. — Low trees and large shrubs, deciduous ; natives of Europe and North America ; thriving only in good soil, rather dry than moist. Sk 1. C. ^VELLA^NA L. The common Hazel nut. Identification. Hort. Cliff., 448. ; Eng. Bot., t. 723. Synonytnes. Coudrier Noisetier, Fr. ; Haselstrauch, Nussbaum, Ger. ; Avellano, J^occiolo, Ital. ; Aveliano, Span. . . -v, . ,,,... , . , Derivation, ^vellana is derived from Avellino, a city in Naples. Hazel is from the Anglo-Saxon word hiEsil, which signifies a head-dress. Noisette signifies a small nut ; and Nussbaum, a nut tree. Enirravings. Blackvv , t. 2fi3. ; Eng. Bot., t. 723.; and our /g. 1720., in which a is a sprig in blossom"; b, one in fruit ; c, the nut without its calyx ; and d, the kernel. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stifiules oblong-obtuse. Leaves roundish, cordate, pointed. Involucre of the fruit campanulate, rather spreading, torn at the margin. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Europe and the east and west of Asia. Height 20 ft. and upwards ; but commonly found in the character of a bush, as undergrowth in woods, especially of the oak. Male flowers greyish; February: female flowers crimson; April. Nut brown; ripe in October. Varieties. These are numerous ; and they may be divided into two classes ; viz., botanical or ornamental varieties, and those cultivated for their fruit. 922 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUJM BRITANNICUM. A. Botanical Varieties, s!i C. A. 1 sylvestris Ait. C. Jvellana Svensk., Eng. Bnf. t. 723. ; C. syl- vestris Bauh. Pin. 418., and our ^g. 1720. — The common hazel nut, in a wild state. a^ C. A. 2 pumila. C. pumila Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Rather dwarfer than the species. ^ 1720. C. A. sjlve^tris. 1721. C. A. heterophyila. * C. A. 3 keterop//j//la. C. hcterophylla Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; C. laciniata Uort. ; C. ?(rcicif61ia Hort. ; the various, or Nettle, leaved Hazel. (Our fig. 1721.) — The leaves variously cut, and thickly covered with hairs. at C. A. i purpurea. C. purpurea Lodd. Cat.ed. 1836 ; C. atro-purpurea Hort. — The leaves of a dark red or purple. A very striking variety. If grafted standard high on C. 6'olurna this would make a most singular and beautiful small tree. Grafted on the conmion hazel, it imparts its colour to the leaves of the stock. B. Varieties cultivated for their Fruit. The cultivated hazels are of two kinds ; viz. nuts and filberts. The former are distinguished by the shortness of their calyxes, or husks, and the latter by their length; but, in consequence of the numerous crosses between these two classes of varieties, the distinction can scarcely now be kept up. The term filbert is supposed, according to some, to be a corruption of full beard, alluding to the husk. In the Horticultural Society s Catalogue of Fruits, 31 sorts of nuts and filberts are enumerated; but the kinds best deserving of culture for their fruit, and also as ornamental shrubs or low trees, are considered by Mr Thompson to be only the five following : — afc C. A. 5 tubulosa. C.tubulosa Willd. Abbild. t. 152., and our fig. 172.3.; C. maxima Mill. Diet.; C. sativa Bauh. ; C. s. rubra Ait.; red Fil- bert, Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 18.; Langbartnuss, or Lambertsnuss, Ger.; Noisetier franc a fruit rouge, Pw7. et Turp. Arb. Fruit. 11. — Long tubular calyx, contracting so much beyond the apex of the fruit, as to prevent its falling out. at C. A. 6 tubulosa alba. C. sativa alba Ait.; C. A. alba Lodd. Cat. ed. IS36 ; white Filbert, Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 19. ; weisse Langbartnuss, Ger. — Only differs from the preceding variety in having the pellicle of its kernel white. I .^Hiitdiiisl ^^™ irmtpl LXX. CORYLA'CEiE : 0 STRYA. 923 at C. A. 7 a-ispa Encyc. of Plants ; the frizzled Filbert, Povi. Mag. t. 70., Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 16. (Our 1722. C. A. crispa. 1723. C. A. tubuldsa. ^ c. ^ c. fig. 17-22.) — A most remarkable variety, and well deserving of cul- tivation as an ornamental shrub, from the singular appearance it presents in its greatly laciniated calyx. A. 8 tenuis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. The thin-shelled, or Cosford, Nut, Pom. Mag. t. 55., Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 12. — Nut with a thin shell, beautifully striated longitudinally. A. 9 barcelorwnsis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. C. sativa grandis Bauh. Pin. 418. ; C. A. grandis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Cob Nut, sjn. the Barcelona Nut, Downton large Nut, &c., Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 8. — Forms a tree of upright growth, with a short, ovate, slightly compressed nut, having a thick and very strong hard shell, well filled by the kernel. The hazel grows best upon what is called a hazel mould, that is to say, a reddish brown calcareous loam ; but it will grow on any soil, from a chalk or gravel, to a cold and wet clay : the rods are durable in proportion to the dryness of the ground on which the hazel grows, and they are particularly good where the bottom is chalk. The situation most favourable is on the sides of hills, for it will not thrive in a soil where water is stagnant : though, like all trees and shrubs that grow in dense masses, it requires a great deal of moisture ; and, indeed, it will always keep the ground moist under it by the denseness of its shade. The species is propagated by nuts, and the varieties by layers. The nuts may be dried in the sun and preserved in a dry loft, covered with straw, or in sand, till the following February ; when they niay be sown, and treated in the same manner as mast or chestnuts. t 2. C. Colu'rna L. The Constantinople Hazel. Identification. Hort. Cliff., 448. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 20. Hynonymes. C. byzantiaa Herm. Lugdb. 91.; Jvellina peregrina hiimilis Bauh. Pin. 418.- A. piiraila byzantina Cliis. Hist. I. p. 11. ; C. arbbrea Hort. ; le Noisetier de Bizance, Fr. ; Byzan- tinische Haselnuss, Ger. Engravings. Seb. Mus., 1. t. 27. f. 2. ; Dend. Brit., t. 99. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our figs. 172.5. and 1726. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Leaves roundish ovate cordate. Involucre of the truit double , the exterior many-partite, the in- terior 3-partite ; divisions palmate. ( IVilld.) A deciduous tree. Turkey and Asia Minor. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in ] 665. Flowers and fruit as in the common hazel, but longer and larger. Varieties. 1 C. C. 2 intermedia. C. intermedia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Probablv a hybrid between C. C'olurna and C. /ivellana. 924 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ¥ C. C. 3 arhorescens Fisch. (Our_y?g. 1724'.) — Differs from the species, chiefly in the calyx of the nut being cut into shreds. 17*24. C. C. arbor^scens. 1725. C. Colama. The branches spread out nearly horizontally ; the leaves are more angular, and softer, than those of the common hazel ; and the stipules are linear. The nuts are small, round, almost covered with the calyx, which is double, and 1726. C. Colftma. deeply laciniated, or fringed, with the points recurved. The tree grows rapidly, and with great vigour, having produced shoots, in the climate of Paris, 6 ft. LXX. CORYLA CE^ : 0 STRYA. 925 u. '^^^Xj 5^^ long in one year ; and sometimes nearly as much in the climate of London. It will grow in almost any soil, but does best in one similar to that adapted ibr the common hazel. It is easily propagated by seed, grafts, or layers. Grafting on the common hazel is, however, the most general way, as the nut often proves abortive. Sfc 3. C rostraVa Ait. The beaked, American, or Cuckold, Hazel. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 364. ; Michx. Amer., 2. p. 201. Synonymes. C.iy\\eitns,,&i:. Gron. Virg. \f>\. \ C. cornixtA hort. -isFV'i Engraving. Our fig. 1727. from a specimen in the Britisl) Museum .^ gatiiere'd in autumn, aud showing the male catkins beginning to • develojie themselves. (S/Jec. C/iar., 4"c. Stipules linear-lanceolate. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate. Involucre of the fruit tubular, campanulate, larger than the nut, 2-partite ; «f _ ^ _ J / , ' divisions inciso-dentate. {Willd.) A bushy deci- i^^^^^^j^^ duous shrub. Canada to Carolina, on mountains. ^ ^ '- Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1745. Flowers and fruit as in the common hazel. Resembling the common European hazel, but dis- tinguished from It by its fruit being covered with the calyx, which is prolonged in the form of a long very hairy beak ; and hence the name. sk 4. C. america'na ATichx. The American Hazel. Identification. Michx. Amer.. 2. p. 210. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 471. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymrs. C. americana hClmilis Wang. A?ner. 88. t. 29. f. 63. ; Dwarf Cuckold Nut, wild Filbert, Amer. Engravings. Wang. Amer., 88. t. 29. f. 63. ; and out fig. 1728. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate. Invo- lucre of the fruit roundish, cam|)anulate, longer than the nut ; limb sjireading, dentately serrated. {Willd.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Florida, in low shady woods. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1798. Flowers and fruit as in the common hazel. It differs from C. rostrata about as much as the filbert from the European hazel. The calyx is larger than the included nut, the flavour of the kernel of which is said to be very fine. 1727. C. rostrata. 172S. C. ameri. cana. C. ferox Wall. PI. As. Ear. t. 87., and our fg. 1729., in which a is the nut with its deeply laciniated calyx ; h, the nut ; c, the kernel ; and d, a longitudinal section of the nut, with the kernel enclosed. The leaves are oblong, and much pointed. Stipules hnear-lance- olate. Nut compressed, and half the length of the villous, 2-parted, ragged, and spinous involucre. {Wall.) A decidu- ous tree, 20 ft. high, with a trunk sometimes 2 ft. in cir- cumference, and somewhat glabrous ash-coloured bark. 17S9. C. Rroi 926 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Nepal, on the mountain Sheopur. Flowering in September, and bearing fruit in December and January. Order LXXL GARRYA'CEuE. '■>RD. Char. Flowers unisexual ; those of the two sexes upon distinct plants. — Male. Flowers in pendulous catkin-like racemes, within connate bracteas. CrtA/x 4-leaved. Stamens 4^. — Female? Flowers in pendulous catkin-like racemes, within connate bracteas. Calyx connate with the ovary, 2-toothed. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 2, setaceous. Ovules 2, pendulous, with funiculi as long as themselves, Frtdt a berried pericarp, not opening, containing 2 seeds. Fmbryo very minute, in the base of a great mass of fleshy albumen. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; serrated or entire. — Flowers in long pendulous catkins. Wood without distinct concentric zones. — Shrubs evergreen ; natives of California and Mexico. Genus 1. GA'RRYyl Doug. The Garrva. Lin. Syst. Dice Via Tetrandria. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1686. Derivation. Named by Mr. Douglas in compliment to Nicholas Garry, Esq.. Secretary to the Hud- son's Bay Company, to whose kindness and assistance he was much indebted during his travels in North-west America. Gen. Char. See Ord. Char. Only two species have been introduced, which are very ornamental, grow- in loamy soil, and are propagated by layers. j» 1. G. elli'ftica Dong. The elliptic-leaved Garrya. Identification. Bot. Reg., 1. 1686. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1686. ; and onrfig. 1730. Spec. Char. ^~c. Branches, when young, pubescent and purplish ; when older, smooth and greyish. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, wavy, on short footstalks, oblong- acute, leathery, evergreen ; dark green and shining above ; hoary beneath, with simple, twisted', interwoven hairs. (Lmd'l.) An evergreen shrub. North Carolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. in America ; in England, 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers greenish white, or yellowish ; November to February. Only the male plant is in the country. When in tVv^s/pj-.^ flower this shrub has a most striking and graceful appear- Cc^/j^AX. ance, from its ,'5lender pendulous catkins, many of whicli ^ /J ^0<^ are from Sin. to 1 ft. in length. It was at first grown in " ^' ^ peat, but appears to prefer a loamy soil. It js rtadily increased by layers, and by cuttings in sand under a hand-glass. In British gardens it is about as hardy a,-. j-jg q. eiupuca. the common laurustinus. m 2. G. Xaurifo'lia Hartw. The Laurel-leaved Garrya. Identification. Bentham, Planta? Hartwegian.-e, p. iiO. ; Gard. Mag., vol. xvi. p. 637. Engraving. Our fig. 1731. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., i^-c. Leaves elliptic oblong, very entire, or minutely dentate. Lxxii. platana'ce.e: pla tanus. 9-27 Flowers in both sexes solitary, opposite, ses- sile ; one seated in every bract, and shorter. (Benf/i.) An evergreen shrub, or low tree. Mexico, on mountains. Height 15 ft. to 18 ft., and in some places with a trunk 2 ft. in di- ameter. Introduced in 1839. Only one plant of this very desirable evergreen has been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Otkej- Species of Gdnya. — G. Lindley/, con- sidered by Mr. Bentham as a variety of G. /aurifolia ; G. macrophylla, with round leaves, resembling those of the common wayfaring tree ; G. oblonga, with very small leaves, very much resembling the smallest leaves on the Quercus /Mex ; and G. ovata, with small round leaves, about the size of those of the common plum, are described in Bentham's Plrmtts Hartwegiance, from specimens collected by M. Hartweg in different parts of Mexico. KSl G. /aurif6I;e. Order LXXII. PLATANA^CE^. Orb. Char. Flowers unisexual, collected into globose or oblong cat- kins of different sexes, involucrated or naked. — Male Jlower having the perianth composed of numerous small hnear pieces, intermixed with the stamen. — Female Jlower with the scales absent, or intermixed with the flowers ; perianth adhering to the ovarium, cup-shaped, or ending in small pilose bristles. Carpels 1 or 2, 1-celled, horned at apex, coriaceous. Seed,'i solitary in the cells, pendulous. Albitmen none. (G. Do7i.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; palmate. Floivers in glo- bular catkins. — Lofty deciduous trees, with widely spreading branches, dense foliage, and bark scaling off in hard irregular patches. Natives of the East of Europe, West of Asia, and North of Africa, and of North America. In Britain, they are chiefly planted for ornament, and they suc- ceed in any free moist soil, in a sheltered situation. They are readily pro- pagated by layers, or even by cuttings, and sometimes by seeds. The cause of the scaling and falling off of the bark, Dr. Lindley states to be the rigidity of its tissue ; on account of which it is incapable of stretching as the wood beneath it increases in diameter. Genus I. PLA'TANUS Z. The Plane Tree. Lin. Syst. Monoe^cia Polyandria. Sp. PI., 4. p. 473. Identification. Lin. Gen., VTih. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. .5. ; Willd. Synoiiyme. Platane, Fr. ; Platanus, Ger. ; Platano, Ital. Derivation. From pla/t/s. ample ^ in allusion to its spreading branches and shady foliage The name of plane tree is apvlied, in Scotland, to the ^"cer PseCido-i'l&tanus (see p. 414.) ; probably because the French, according to Parliinson, first called that the plane tree, from the mistake of Tragus, who fancied, from the broadness of its leaves, that it wa& the plane tree of the ancients. Gen. Char. See Ord, Char. There are only two species introduced into Europe; one of which, P. orientalis, is found to be much hardier than P. occidentalis, though the latter 928 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. i p. occidentalis. 1732. P. orientalis. grows more rapidly, attains a larger size, and may be propa- gated much more readily by cuttings. Both species ripen seeds in Britain, in fine seasons. P. oc- cidentalis is readily known from P. ori- entalis, in the winter season, by its bark scaling oft' nmch less freely, or, in young or middle-sized trees, scarcely at all ; and, in the summer season, by its leaves having red petioles, and being but slightly lobed (Jig. 1732. a), in- stead of being palmate like those of P. orientalis (^g. 1732. b), which have green petioles, and by its globular catkins being nearly smooth, while those of P. orientalis are rough. '!^ \. P. ORIENT aYis L. The Oriental Plane. Identification. Lin. Hort. Cliff., 447. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 473. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 1. Syrtonymes. Platanus orientalis vera Park. Thealr. 14'27., Du Ham. Arb. 2. t. 33. ; Platane de rOrienl, Fr. ; Worgenlandischer Platanus, Ger. ; Doolb, Arabic ; Chinar, Persian. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., t. 33. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 1. ; Dend. Brit., t. 101. ; the plates of this .species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. and var. ; and our^i^. 1736. \nfig. 173.'i. a shows the femle catkins transversely cut, so as to display the position of the flowers on the orbicular re- ceptacle ; b shows a section of the female catkin in seed ; c, a scale and pistil ; d, stamen and scale ; e, the longitudinal section of a seed ; and/, an entire seed. Spec. Char,, ^c. Leaves 5-lobed, palmate, wedge-shaped at the base , the divisions lanceolate, sinuated. Stipules nearly entire. {Willd.) A large, deciduous tree. The Levant. Height CO ft. to bO ft. ; with a wide-spreading head. In British gardens before 1548. Flowers greenish yellow ; April, May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October; persistent great part of the winter. Varieties. It v. 0.2 accrifoUa Ait. Hort. Kevv. iii. p. 364-. P. o yl'ceris folio Tourn. Cor. 41., Arb. 2. ; P. acerifolia IVilld. Sp. PI. iv. p. 474.: P. inter- media Hort.; the Maple-leaved Plane Tree. (The plate of this tree 1733. P. o. ncerifMia. in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1733.) — Leaves cor- date, 5-lobed, remotely dentate, truncate at the base. In general appearance, habit of growth, &c,, it closely resembles the species. !l LXXII. PLATANA CEiE : PLA TANUS. 929 P. o. 3 hispdnica. P. hispanica Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; P. macrophylla Cree in Don. Cat. ; the Spanish Maple. — Leaves rather longer than those of the species, but it is in other respects the same. P. o. 4 cuneata. P. o. undulata Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. p. 364. : P. cu- neata Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 473. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., r^<^ 1?8«. P. o. cunekta. 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and o\ir fig. 1734.) — Leaves 3 — 5-lobed, dentate, and wedge-shaped at the base ; somewhat glabrous. This is a stunted-looking low tree or bush, seldom seen above 20 ft, in height, •with small deeply cut leaves. The oriental plane is one of the noblest trees of the East, where it grows to the height of 70 ft. and upwards, with widely spreading branches and a massive trunk ; forming altogether a majestic tree. The wood may be com- pared to that of the ^'cer Pseiido-Platanus ; but very little use is made of it in the Westof Europe. Pliny affirms that there is no tree whatso- ever that defends us so well from the heat of the sun in summer, or that admits it more kindly in winter. Both properties result from the large size of its leaves : in ; summer, these present hori- ' zontal imbricated masses, I which, while they are favour- .' able to the passage of the ' breeze, yet exclude both the ! sun and the rain ; while, as ' the distance at which the branches and twigs of trees are from one another is ; always proportionate to the size of the leaves, hence the tree in winter is ; more than usually open to the sun's rays. As an ornamental tree, no one ) 3 o 1735. P. orientillis. 980 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1736. P. orientals. which attains so large a size has a finer appearance, standing =ingly, or in small groups, upon a lawn, where there is room to allow its lowest branches, which stretch themselves horizontally to a considerable distance, to bend gracefully towards the ground, and turn up at their extremities. The peculiar characteristic of the tree, indeed, is the combination which it presents cf majesty and gracefulness ; an expression which is produced by the massive, and yet open and varied character of its head, the bending of its branches, and their feathering to the ground. In this respect, it is greatly superior to the lime tree, which comes nearest to it in the general character of the head ; but which forms a much more compact and lumpish mass of foliage in summer, and, in winter, is so crowded with branches and spray, as to prevent, in a great measure, the sun fi-om penetrating through theni. The head of the plane tree, during sunshine, often abounds in what painters call flickering lights ; the consequence of the branches of the head separating themselves into what may be called horizontal undulating strata, or, as it is called in artistical phraseology, horizontal tufting, easily put in motion by the wind, and through openings in which the rays of the sun penetrate, and strike on the foliage below. The tree, from its mild and gentle expression, its useful- ness for shade in summer, and for admitting the sun in winter, is peculiarly adapted for pleasure-grounds, and, where there is room, for planting near houses and buildings. For the latter purpose, it is particularly well adapted even in winter, from the colour of the bark of the trunk, which has a greyish white tint, not unlike the hue of some kinds of freestone. The colour of the foliage, in dry soil, is also of a dull greyish green ; which, receiving the light in numerous horizontal tuftings, readily harmonises with the tint of stone walls. It appears, also, not to be much injured by smoke, since there are trees of it of very considerable size in the very heart of London. A light deep free soil, moist, but not wet at bottom, is that on which the Oriental plane tree thrives best; and the situation should be sheltered, but, at the same time, not shaded or crowiled by other trees. It will scarcely grow in strong clays, and on elevated exposed places ; nor will it thrive in places where the lime tree does not prosper. The plane tree may be propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. The seeds should be gathered in October or November ; and, the balls being broken by the hand, or by threshing with a tlail, the seeds may be separated from their husks, and cleaned by the usual orocesses ; and either sown immediately, or mixed with sand or fine sandy soil, and preserved in a place secure from frost till February or March. The II il'S. I' I LXXIII. tfALSAMA CEiE. 931 seeds may also be kept in the bans, or catKins, till spring ; either by allowing? them to hang on the tree, or by gathering thein in autumn, and spreading them out in a dry loft. The general practice is to sow the seeds in autumn- or as soon as gathered, or received from the Continent ; choosing a moist rich soil, and a shady situation, and covering them as lightly as those of the birch or alder are covered, or beating them in with the back of the spade, and not covering them at all ; and protecting tlie beds with litter of some sort, to exclude the frost. The plants will come up the following spring. 3? 2. P. OCCIDENT a'lis L. The Western Plane. Identification. Lin. Hort. Cliff., 78. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. ilh. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 5. Synviiymes. P. occident^lis seu virginiensis Park. Tkeatr. H27., Du Ham. Arb. t. 35. ; Button- wood, Water Beech, Sycamore, Cotton Tree, Amer. ; Platane de Virginie, Fr. Dcrifaiion. Button-wood refers to the smooth round heads of flowers, which resemble the globular buttons formerly in use, and still seen in some military costumes ; Sycamore to the resemblance of the leaves to those of that tree ; and Cotton Tree to the down detached in the course of the summer from the leaves. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 100. ; Jlichx. N. Amer. Syl. £. t. 63. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and oar fig. 17.37. In fig- 1737. a represents a transverse section of the female catkin in flower ; b, the same in fruit ; c, the female flower and scale ; d, the stamen and scale ; e, the longitudinal section of a seed ; and/, an entire seed. Spec. Char., <^c. Leaves 5-angled, obsoletely lobed, dentate, wedge-shaped at the base ; downy beneath. {Willd.) A large deciduous tree. Atlantic and Western States. Height 70 or 80 feet ; with a widely spreading head. Introduced in 1636. Flowers greenish ; May. Fruit brownish ; ripe in October and November. The American, or Western, plane is of much more rapid and upright growth- than the Oriental plane ; with broader and less deeply cut leaves, red petioles, and fruit comparatively smooth, and considerably larger. The bark is said to scale off in larger pieces, and the wood to be more curiously veined. In ail other respects, the descriptive par- ticulars of both trees are the same. The rate of growth of P. occidentahs, when placed near water, is so rapid, that in 10 years it will attain the height of -10 ft. ; and a tree in the Palace Garden at Lambeth, near a pond, in 20 years had attained the height of 80 ft. ; with a trunk 8 ft. in circumference at 3ft. from the ground ; and the diameter of the head 48 ft. This was in 1817. In May, 1837, we had the portrait of this tree taken, I which will be found in Arb. Brit., I 1st edit., p. 2044., when it was up- ; wards of 100 ft. in height. Uses, culture, soil, &c., as in P. orientJilis, with this difference : that cuttiivgs root much more readily ; that the tree, to attain a very large size, requires a moister soil, or to be placed near water ; that it is less hardy, and also less ornamental, though, from being more readily pro- pagated, it is much more frequently planted. 1737. P. occidentalis. Order LXXIII. ^ALSAMA^CE^. SD. Chab. Floicers unisexual, in different catkins on the same plant. — Male catkins in an upright raceme. Stamens numerous, mixed with scales, on a connate receptacle. — Female catkins solitary, below the male ones, globose, on longer stalks. Ovaria many, 2-celled, each surrounded by a few stales. Styles two. Fruit a kind of cone, composed of indurated connected scales, in the cavities of which lie the capsules, which ai-e 2-lobed. Seeds 3o 2 i 932 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. numerous, or solitary by abortion; compressed, membranous, winged. Albumen present. {G. Don^ Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; lobed, with glandular ser- ratures at the edges. Flowers in catkins, greenish yellow. Fruit in globular capsules, brown. — Trees, natives of Asia and North America, with beau- tiful foliage, and intense fragrance. Decaying leaves of an intense purple, Common soil, kept somewhat moist ; and seeds or layers. Genus I. LIQUIDA'MBAR L. The Liquidambar. Polyandria. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Identification. I.in. Gen., 1076. ; Reich., 1174.; Juss., 410. Synonymes. Altingjo Noronh. ; Liquidambar, Fr. ; Ambarbaum, Gfr. Derivation. From liquidus, liquid, and ambar, amber ; the plants exuding a liquid gum. Gen. Char., Sfc. See Ord. Char. 5f 1. L. Styraci'flua L. The Sweet-Gum Liquidambar. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1418. ; Michx. Arb., 3. p. 194. ; N. Du Ham , 2. p. 42. Synonymes. Liquidambar ^rbor Pluk. Aim. 224. t. 42. f. 6. ; .Styrax ^'ceris ftlio Kaii Hist. 1481. • Liquidambar resineux, Copalme de I'Amerique, Liquidambar Copal, Fr. ; Fliessender Ambarbaum Ger. : Storace liquida, Ital. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., I. t. 139. ; Michx. Arb., 3. t. 4. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our ^g. 1738. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves palmately lobed, with the sinuses at the base of the veins villose. (Willd.) A deciduous tree. North America, middle, western; and southern States. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1681. Flowers greenish yellow ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. The liquidambar generally forms a branching tree, having very mucri the appearance of a maple. The leaves die off of an intensely deep purplish red. more or less mixed with orange, and with some leaves entirely of that colour. They hang on the trees till the first frosts, when they drop off simultaneously. The rate of growth of this tree, in the climate of London, is from 8 ft. to 10 ft. in 10 years from the seed ; and in 20 years it will attain the height of 25 or 30 feet, and flower and ripen fruit. In Britain, the \mn- cipal use of this tree is as an ornament to lawns and pleasure-grounds ; in which it/ has a most striking appearance, when the leaves are dying off in autumn ; and it is also very beautiful throughout the summer, from the dark green and glossy surface of its elegantly shaped leaves. When bruised, the leaves are fragrant at all sea- sons ; but in spring, when they are first unfolding, after a warm shower, the sur- rounding air is filled with their refreshing odour. The liquidambar has a decided |)reference for a moist soil, and will only attain a timber-like size in a sheltered situation. In British nurseries, it is generally propagated by layers, which root with tolerable facility, and may be taken off at the end of the first autumn after they have been formed. It is also propagated by seeds imported from America. These are brought over in the catkins, and should not be taken out of them till the time of sowing ; because the seeds, like those of the pine and fir tribe, do not keep well when exposed to the air. The round 1738. L. Stjrarlflua. I' IT, '3Sj, Lxxni. ^alsama'ce.^ : liquida'mbar. 933 prickly catkins which contain the seeds are hard, and not readily broken with tiie hand ; but, by exposure to the sun or to fire heat, they crack and open, and the seeds may then be easily shaken out. They may be sown and treated like seeds of the pine and fir tribe ; but, unlike them," they lie a }ear in the ground before coming up. Seedlings generally attain the height of from 5 in. to 8 in. the first year, with numerous fibrous roots. They may either be transplanted that year or the next, and may afterwards undergo the usual routine culture in nursery lines, till they are wanted for final transplanting. i 2. L. imbe'rbe Willd. The beardless, or Oriental, Liquidambar. Identification. Willd. S[>. PL, 4. p. 475. ; Ait. Hort. Ken-., 3. p. 365. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 44. Synonyvies. Ij. o\\en\M\i Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; ?Platanus orieiitalis Focock. Itin.1. t. 89. ; L. im- berbis Smith in Kees's Cijcl. Engravings. ? Pocock. Itin., 2. t. 89. ; and our fig. 1739. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves palmate-lobed, with the sinuses at the base of the veins ; smooth. ( Willd.) A low stunted tree, or large bush, of slow growth, with numerous small branchestcrowded together into an irreeular head. Levant. Height 10 ft. to 20. ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers ?. The young shoots are pliant and reddish ; the leaves are much like those of the preceding species, but smaller, and more resembling those of the common maple; because they are bluntly notched, while the others are acutely 1739. L. imb^rbe. I,. imWrbe. 1740. L. Stvraciflua. so, (See/g. 1740., in which a is a leaf of L. Stvraciflua, and b one of L. im- berbe, both to the same scale.) The veins of the leaves, in this species, are naked, while in the other they are hairy at the base of the midrib. The flowers are disposed like those in the preceding species, and the fruit is smaller, and more sparingly ftirnished with prickly points. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is slow, being not more than 5 or 6 feet in ten years. It will grow in a soil rather drier than suits the precedino- species ; though Du Hamel was informed that in its native country it grows in moist soil, by water, like the common willow. L. Alting\dL Blume Bjdr. 10. p. 527. (Fl. Jav., t. 1. ; and our Jig. 1741.) Altingi« ex- celsa Noronha in Batav. Ver- hand. a. p. 1., Pers. Syn. 2. p. 579., Spreng. St/st. Veg. 3. p. 688., Lamberts Genus Finns, ] . t. 39, 40. ; Lignum papuanum Rumph. Herbar. Amboyn. 2. p. 57. ; Alting's Liquidambar. — Leaves ovate- oblong, acuminate, serrated, glabrous. (Blume.) A tree, with a spreading head, from 150 ft. to 200 ft. high. It is 1 1 .4^% 3 o 3 1741. L. Altingia. 934 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. found very plentifully in the provinces of Bantam and Boitenzorq in Batara, at an elevation of from 2000 ft. to 3000 ft. ; but in the East of Java it is very rare, if not totally wanting. Noronha first described this tree in the Act. Soc. Batav. ; but he had not the least suspicion that it belonged to the genus Liquidambar Linn. Sprengel imagined that this tree was the same as our Araucaria excelsa ; an error which was detected by the description and figure of Blume, as given above. Order LXXIV. MYRICA^CE^. Ord. Char. Flo-wers disposed in unisexual catkins, each scale having a flower in its axil. — Male flowers having the perianth composed of 2 scale- formed pieces, four free stamens. — Female flowers with the perianth en- larging after florescence, each composed of 3 — 6 small scales. Ovarium simple, free. Stigmas 2, filiform. Drupe globose, dryish when ripe, con- taining a bony valveless nut. Albumen none or fleshy. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; entire or pinnatifidly toothed. — Shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. The genera in British gardens are two, which are thus contradistinguished : — ilfvRi^CA. Flowers dioecious. Fruit resembling a berr^'. CoMPTO^N/^. Flowers monoecious. Fruit hard, shining. Genus I. ilfYRFCA L. The Candleberry Myrtle. Tetrandria, Lin Syst. Dioe'cia Identification. Lin. Gen., 518. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 238. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 189. Si/nonymes. Gale, Fr. ; 'Wachsstrauch, Ger. ; Mirica, Hal. Detivation. From niyrb. to flow ; the plants being found on the banks of rivers. Gen. Char., 8,'c. Male flowers in cylindi'ical sessile catkins. Each flowe- consists of 4, rarely more, stamens ; these are inserted at the base of a bractea. Bracteas extending beyond the stamens, loosely imbricated. — Female flowers in ovate sessile catkins, with closely imbricate bracteas; one bractea attends 2 flowers. Each flovfer consists of a calyx of 2 — + very minute scales ; an ovary, to which the scales adhere ; a short style; and two long thread-shaped stigmas. Carpel involucrated by the adherent, more or less fleshy, enlarged calyx, and so more or less resembling a berry. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; more or less serrated ; besprinkled with resinous dots, as are the scales of the buds and the surface' of the fruit, which yield, when rubbed, an aromatic odour. Flowers in axillary catkins, greenish white, expanding early in the year. — Shrubs, natives of Europe and North America. They are of low growth, and generally require a moist peaty soil, in which thej' are propagated by layers, suckers, or by division of the plant. The American species is sometimes propagated by seeds, which should be sown in autumn, as soon after they are received from America as possible ; for, if kept out of the ground till spring, they will not come up till the spring following. -a I. M. Ga'le L. The Sweet Gale Candleberry Myrtle, Sweet Willow, oi Dutch Myrtle. IJentiftcalion. Lin. Sp. PI., 14-53. ; Eng. Flor., 4. p. 239. ; Fl. Hibern., p. 2.57. LXXIV. ilfYRICA CE^ : il/YRl CA. 935 Synonymes. Gale Raii Svn. 443.; £laAgnus Card. Hist. 212.; Jl/^rtus brabintica Ger. Emac. p 1454. ; /Jhus ??!yrtif61ia belgica Bauh. Pin. 414.; /i!. sylv^stris altera Dalech. Hist. 110.; R. sylvestris P«)/t. TAfa*. p. 1451. ; MyxXca. palustris Lam. ; Gale, Pimento royal, Fr. ; gemeine Wachsstrauch, Ger. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 562. ; Fl. Dan., t. 327. ; Hayne, t. 200. ; Lob. Ic, 2. p. 116. f. ; N. Du Ham.. 2. t. 57. ; and our Jig. 1742. The Sexes. Both are in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, serrated ; tapering and entire at the base. Scales of the catkins pointed. {Smith.) A deciduous aromatic shrub. Europe, from Norway to Lombardy, the North of Asia, and in great part of North America, and always in boggy soil. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers brownish green ; February and March. The catkins are numerous and sessile ; they are formed in the course of the summer's growth, and remain on during the winter, expanding the following spring, before the leaves. The flower buds are above the leaf buds, at the end of the branches ; whence, as soon as the fructification is completed, the end of the branch dies, the leaf buds which are on the sides shoot out, and the stems become compound. The scales of the male catkins are of a red shining brown; and the lower ones of the female catkins have a circlet of red hairs towards the tip. The berries are very small, and covered with resinous dots, like the leaves. The plant is com- mon in bogs. The gale is the badge of the Highland clan Campbell. A variety with larger leaves, &c., is mentioned by Mirbel, and a figure of it given in the Mem. Mus., 14. p. 474. t. 28., of which our fig. 1 743. is a reduced copy. 1742. M. Gilt. 1743. il. Gale. « 2. AI. ceri'fera L. The common Wax-bearing, or American, Candleberry Myrtle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 14.53. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 74-5. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 260. Synonymes. M. cerSfera angustifblia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 396. ; jVyrtus brabantica, &c., Pluk. Aim. 260. t. 4S. ; Cerier de la Louisiane, Fr. ; Albero della cera, Ital. Engravings. Pluk. Aim., t. 48. f. 9. ; Cat. Car., 1. t. 69. The Sexes. Only the male is in the Hackney Arboretum ; but, as seeds are annually imported from America, the female is doubtless in the country in many places. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrated, flat, somewhat shin- ing. {Lavi.) A large evergreen shrub. Canada to Carohna, in moist soil. Height 5 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1699. Flowers reddish green ; May or June. Fruit white ; ripe in October. Variety m M. c. 2 latifolia Ait. M. c. media Michx. ; M. carolinensis Willd., Purah Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. p. 620. ; M. pennsylvanica Lam., \ N. Du Ham. ii. p, 190. t. 5.5., and our fig. 1744. ; M. c. sempervirens Hort. ; ii/jrtus brabantica Cat. Car. i. t. 13. ; Cerier de Pennsylvanie, Fr. ; Caroli- nischer Wachsstrauch, Ger. ; the broad- leaved American Candleberry Myrtle. — This variety has the leaves broader than those of the species, and an arborescent stem. According to the Nouveau Du Hamel, it is hardier than M. cerifera. Cultivated in England before 1730. Its general appearance and habits closely resemble those of the European species ; the leaves are, however, larger, and more serrated ; they are ever- green, and in M. c. latifolia greatly resemble those of the sweet bay. "3o 4 17 t4. if. c. latifolia. The 936 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. male catkins are axillary and sessile ; but have not the shining scales of the Afyrica Gale. The fruits are globose drupes, about the bigness of a grain of black pepper ; covered with an unctuous substance as white as snow, which gives them the appearance of a kind of sugar plum. Like the Jlfyrica Gale of Europe, it delights in wet places about swamps or rivers. In France and Germany, it has been cultivated with a view to its producing wax ; and it is said to thrive in sandy peat, rather moist, and to produce an abundant crop of berries every year. In Prussia, it has been cultivated in a garden on the banks of the Spree, near Berlin, in lat. 52° 53' ; which is nearly 1^ degree farther north than London, but where the mean annual temperature is 2° 9' higher than London ; and wax and candles have been made from the fruit. M. spathulala Mirb. Mem. Mus. 14. p. 474. t. 28. f. 1.; and our ^g. 1745. — Leaves spathulate, blunt, quite entire, glabrous. Male catkins sessile, axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles. A tree, with smooth, cylindrical branches. Leaves 1 in. to 2i in. long, and |in. to 1 in. broad. Found in Madagascar by M. Perodet. Not yet introduced. 1745. XS. spathul^a. Genus II. COMPTO'N/^ Solan. The Comptonia. Lin. Syst. MonceVia Triandria. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2 ed., 5. p. 254. ; Gartn. Fruct., 1. p. .58. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 45. Synonymes. Liquidambar i!«. Sp. ; Myrlca. Li7i. Hori. Cliffl i56. ; G&te Vetiv. Mus. 773. ; Comp- tone, Fr. ; Coraptonie, Ger. Derivation. Named by Dr. Solander in honour of Henry Cnmpton, Bishop of London, the in- troducer and cultivator of many curious exotic plants, and one of the greatest patrons of botany and gardening of his time. Gen. Char. Male catkins lateral, cylindrical, of several flowers. Bradeas imbricated. Flower of 3 twin stamens, seated towards the base of a brac- tea ; sessile. Anthers 2-lobed, opening at the side. — Female caikms, lateral, ovate, of several flowers. Bracteas imbricated. Flower consisting of a calyx and pistil. Calyx free, flat, 6-parted. Segments slender, unequal in length ; the longest as long again as the bractea. Style short. Stigmas 2. Fruit 1-celled, ovate, hard, shining, attended by the calyx. Seed 1, oval. (G. Don.) ^ Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, pinnatifidly toothed, downy, sprinkled with golden, resinous, transparent particles. Flowers whitish. — Shrubs dwarfish; natives of North Ame- rica ; fragrant, from the resinous particles which cover the whole plant. Culture and soil as in ilfyrica. Ji L C. ..^splenifo'lia Solan. The Asplenium-leaved Comptonia. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., .'5. p. 2534. : Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 635. Synonymes. Liquidambar aspleniftilium Lin. Sp. 1418. ; L. peregri- nura lin. Syst. 8(10. ; jl/yrua Lin. Hort. Cfiff. 450. ; Gale mariSna Fet. Mus. 773. ; .VJ^rtus brabanticse affinis Pluk. Phyt. t. 100. f. 6, 7. ; the sweet Fern Bush, Amer. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 11.; Dend. Brit., t. 166.; and our fig- 1746. Sjiec. Char., c^c. Leaves long, linear, alternate, cre- nately pinnatifid. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub. New England to Virginia, in sandy, stony, or slaty woods. ,745. c. .spicoifoua. I LXXV. GNETA'CEM : E PHEDRA. 937 Height 3 ft. to 4 ft, Introduced in 1714. Flowers, in sessile catkins, brownish ; March and April. The young branches are downy. Leaves alternate, oblong, linear ; cut on each side into rounded and numerous lobes, like those of the ceterach ; and sprinkled with shining dots, like those of the gales. This shrub is very hardy, but it requires peat earth and a shady situation. Propagated by layers, suck- ers, or seeds. The first and second methods are the most common, as good seeds can rarely be procured. Order LXXV. GNETACEM. Ord. Char. Flowers unisexual, disposed in aments, which are involucrated by opposite or decussate connate scales. — Malejloiver with a 1 -leaved perianth, which is transversely cleft at apex, and branched into 1- or many- anthered filaments ; cells of anthers separate or combined, each opening by a pore at apex. — Female flower composed of 2 connate scales. Ovarium 1-celled, perforated at apex. Ovulum solitary. Fruit indehiscent, drupa- ceous. Albumen fleshy. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, caducous ; linear, and scale-like. Flowers in terminal catkins. — Shrubs evergreen, from the colour of the bark, with tubular jointed stems and branches. Natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cultivated in sandy soil ; and propagated by division. Genus I. JSTHEDRA L. The Ephedra. Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 1136. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 17. Derivation. From ephedra, the Greek name for the //ippdris, or Horsetail, which it resembles. Gen. Char. See Ord. Char. Low shrubs ; evergreen, from the colour of the bark of their branches, and in that respect resembling the genera Casuarina and ^quisetum. They are natives of the South of Europe, Barbary, and Siberia, on the sea-shore, or in saline or sandy wastes ; and they have been but little subjected to cultivation. According to Du Hamel, they bear the shears well, and form beautiful round balls, which may either be made to appear as if lying on the ground, or may be supported on a short stem. The lower sorts, Du Hamel continues, may be clipped to resemble turf; and for that purpose the plant may be valuable, in some parts of Austraha and Africa, to form lawns which shall create an allusion to temperate climates. The saving by using such plants as JS'phedra, which would require little or no watering, instead of a great deal, as the European grasses do in such a climate, would be very considerable. a. 1. jB. dista'chya L. The two-spiked Ephedra, Great shrubby Horse- taily or Sea Grape. Identification. I.in. Sp., 1472. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p. 16. Synonymes. £'phedra vulgaris Rich. Mem. Conif. p. 26. t. 4. f. 1. ; Polygonum marlnum Tabern. Ic. S36. ; P. famiifBlium, &c., Bauh. Pin. 15. ; £'phedra maritima major Tourn. Inst. G63. ; Raisin de Mer, Ephddre multiaore, Fr. ; Zweyahriger Ross Schwanz, Ger. The Sexes. Both are figured in Tabernaniontanus, in Clusius, and in Richard. Engravings. Du Ham., t. 1. pi. 92. ; Rich. Mem. Conif., t. 4. f. 1. ; and our figs. 1747. and 1748. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles opposite. Catkins twin. {Lin.) A small ever- 938 ARBOnETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. green shrub, with numerous cylin- drical wand-like branches, articu- lated, and furnished at each arti- culation with two small linear leaves. South of France and 1747- E distachja. Spain, in sandy soils on the sea- shore. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1750. Flowers whitish ; June and July. Berries red ; ripe in August. As far as we have observed, justice has never been done to this, or any other species of i5J'phedra, in British gardens. The fruit becomes succulent, like that of the mulberry, with a slightly acid and yet sugary and agreeable taste, and might be cultivated for the dessert. e- 2. E. monosta'chya L. The one-spiked Ephedra, or Small shrubby Horsetail. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1472. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 116. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 18. Synonj/iiies. E. /rolygonoides Pall. Ross. ; Ephfedre mineure, Eph&dre de Siberie, Fr. The Sexes There are male plants at Messrs. Loddiges's. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 142. ; and our figs. 1749. and 1750. of the male plant. 1749. E. monost^chya. Spec. Char., ^-c. Peduncles many. Catkins solitary. {Lin.) An evergreen shrub, much smaller, and hardier than E. distachya. Si- beria, near salt springs, and in saline wastes ; and, according to Pallas, common in the southern parts of Russia, from the Don and the Volga to the Leira ; Persia and India. Height I ft. to 2 ft. Int!roduced in 1772. Flowers whitish ; June to July. Berries red ; ripe in August and September. 1^ 1750. E. monostichya. The Kergisi use the ashes of the wood of the ^'phedra for snuff. Order LXXVI. TAX/VCEiE. Ord Char. Floral buds consisting of numerous imbricate scales. Floiuers dioecious. — Male flowers disposed in catkins, each consisting of a scale, and a 2- or many-celled anther, the cells dehiscing longitudinally. — Female floivers solitary, naked or bracteate. Nut, or seed, solitary, surrounded at its base by a disk, which at length becomes fleshy, and conceals the greater portion or the whole of the nut, and forms with it what may be called a succulent drupe, except in Torreysr, where the nut is not surrounded by any disk, but by dry scarcely increasing scales. The nut or seed is \ 'irifi II LXXVI. TAXA CE^ : Ta'xus. 939 covered by a crustaceous testa. Embryo in the axis of the albumen. Ra- dicle at the apex of the seed, having an organic connexion with the albumen. (G. Do7i.) Leaves simple, alternate or distichous, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; mostly linear. — Trees or shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genera ai% three, which are thus characterised : — T.k'xvs. Dioecious. Anthers of 4 — 6 cells. Nut, or seed, surrounded by a fleshy cupular disk. Torre'y^. Dioecious. Anther 8-celled. Seed not surrounded by a fleshy disk, but by scales. Salisbu^r/^." Dioecious. Anthers 2-celled. Seed, or nut, covered by the fleshy persistent disk. Genus I. TA'XUS L. The Yew. Lin. Syst. Dioe^cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 532. ; Juss., 412. ; FI. Br., 108G. ; Tourn., t. 362. ; Lam., t. 829. ; Gaertn., t. 81. ; N. Du Ham., 1. p. 61. ; Rich. Uim. Conif., p 131. t. 2. Derivation. From toxon, a bow ; being formerly much used in making them : or from taxis, ar- ranuement ; from the leaves being arranged on the branches liite the teeth of a comb: or from toxicmn, poison ; though Pliny says that poison (toxiQiun) was so named from this tree, which was considered poisonous. The derivation of the term Yew is supposed to be from the Celtic word iw, sometimes pronounced if, and signifying verdure ; alluding to the yew being an evergreen : and this will also explain the French name, if. Gen. Char. Male fioiuer consisting of anthers upon short pedicels, at the top of a column that has imbricate scales at the base. Anthers with 4, 5, 6, or rarely more, 1-celled lobes, attached to the connectivum, whose tip is a horizontal shield, lobed at the edge ; its lobes corresponding in number and place vsrith those of the anthers, and covering them ; the cells opening longitudinally. — Female Jlower an erect ovule, perfect at the tip; with an "unobvious annular disk at its base ; and, exterior to this, investing imbricate scales. Fruit the disk at the base of the ovule, which becomes a fleshy open cup. Seed like a nut. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, acute, rigid, more or less 2-rowed in direction. Flowers whitish. Fruit red, pulpy. — Low trees and shrubs, evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Propagated by seeds or layers, in common soil. 1 \. T. BACCA^TA L. The berried, 07- co)w?7ion. Yew. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1472. ; Eng. Hot., t. 746. Synonymes. Taxus, No. 1663., Hall. Hist. 2. p. 322. ; If, Fr. ; Ifenbaum, Ihenbaum, or Eihenbaum, Ger. ; Taxo, Ital. ; Texo, Span. ,jf,,. u The Sexes. The yew being almost always raised from seed, the male and female plants may be sup- posed to be nearly equally distributed, both in natural woods and in artificial plantations. Both sexes are sometimes found on the same tree. As far as we have been able to observe, says White of Selborne, the male tree becomes much larger than the female one. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 746. ; N. Du Ham., 1. t. 19. ; the plates of this tree m Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1752. Sjwc. Char., S^-c. Leaves 2-ranked, crowded, linear, flat. Receptacle of the barren flowers globular. (Smith.) An evergreen tree. Europe gene- rally; in loamy soils and shady situations. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., rarely 40 ft. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Far ie ties. T T. b. 2 fastigidta. T. fastigiata Lindl. ; T. hibernica Hook., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; (the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our^g. 1751.) the upright, or Florence Court, Yew; the Irish Yew. Discovered wild at the former place about 1780. — This is a very distinct variety, readily distinguished from the spcH;ies 940 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1761. r. b. fastigiila by its upright mode of growth, and deep green leaves, which are not in ranks like those of the common yew, but scattered. All the plants of this variety in cultivation are of the female sex ; and the fruit is oblong, and not roundish, as in the common variety. « ■*» T. 6. 3 procumbens. T. procumbens Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836. — Low and somewhat trailing. fit T. b. 4 erecta. The upright Yew. — A seedling from T. b fastigiata, in which the leaves are 2-ranked as in the common yew^ but the branches take an upright direction as in the Irish yew. *s T. 6. 5 sparsifoUa Hort. — Leaves scattered. <» T. b. 6 foliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves variegated with whitish yellow. It is seklom found higher than a large shrub. ^ T. b.l fructo litteo. — Fruit yellow. The' tree does not differ, either in its shape or foliage, from the common yew ; but, when covered with its berries, it forms a very beautiful object, especially when con- trasted with yew trees covered with berries of the usual coral colour. There are fine trees of this variety at Clontarf Castle, near DubUn. The yew is of slow growth ; but, in favourable situations, it will attain tne height of 6 or 8 feet, or more, in 10 years from the seed. In 20 years, it will attain the height of 13 ft., and it will continue growing for 100 years ; after which it becomes comparatively stationary, but will live for many centuries. When drawn up by other trees, or by being planted in masses, it takes some- what the character of a fir ; and may be found, thus circumstanced, with a clear trunk 30 or 40 feet high. It stoles when cut down under 20 or 30 years of age, but rarely when it is older. In a wild state the yew affords food to birds by its berries ; and an excellent shelter to them during severe weather, and at night, by its dense evergreen foliage, but no insects live on it. By man, the tree has been applied to various uses, both in a living state, and when felled and employed as timber. The wood is hard, compact, of a fine and / close flexible, elastic, splitting readily, and incorruptible. It is of LXXVI. TAXA CE.JE : TA. XU& 94 i 1752. T. bacckta. fine orange red, or deep brown ; and the sap wood, which does not extend to a great depth, is white, and also very iiard. Where the two woods join, there are generally different shades of red, brown, and white : both woods are susceptible of a very high polish. Varennes de Fenilles states that the wood, before it has been seasoned, when cut into thin veneers, and immersed some months in pond water, will take a purple violet colour ; probab'y owing to the presence of alkali in the water. According to this author, the wood of the yew weighs, when green, 80 lb. 9oz, per cubic foot; an^', when dry, 61 lb. 7 oz. It requires a longer time to become perfectly dr- than any other wood whatever; audit shi'inks so little in drying, as not to lose above J^ part of its bulk. The fineness of its grain is owing to the thinness of its annual layers, 280 of these being sometimes found in a piece not more than 20 in. in diameter. It is universally allowed to be the finest European wood for cabinet-making purposes. The principal use for which the yew was cul- tivated, before the introduction of gunpowder, was for making bows ; but these are now chiefly made of foreign wood. For details respecting making bows of the yew tree, see Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. iv. p. 2086. The yew makes excellent hedges for shelter ; undergrowth for the protection of game ; and. when planted thick on suitable soil, so as to be drawn up with clean an^^ straight trunks, most valuable timber. When a yew hedge is wanted to be of one shade of green, the plants should all be raised from cuttings of the same tree ; and, when they are intended to show fruit, in order to rival a holly hedge, only female plants should be chosen or propagated; and the hedge, like holly hedges kept for their fruit, should be cut in with a knife, and never clipped with the shears. Single scattered trees, when intended to be ornamental by their berries, should, of course, always be females ; and, in order to determine their sex, they should not be removed to where they are finally to remain till they have flowered. This may, doubtless, be accelerated by ringing a branch on each plant after it has attained 5 or 6 years' growth. The use of the yew tree in ancient topiary gardening, during the seventeenth century, was as extensive, in England and France, as that of the box seems to have been in Italy in the days of Pliny. The practice was rendered fashion- able by Evelyn, previously to which the clipping of trees as garden ornaments was chiefly confined to plants of box, juniper, &c., kept by the commercial 94-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. gardeners of the day in pots and boxes, and trained for a number of years, till the figure required was complete. Sometimes, as we find by Gibson, Brailley and others, clipped plants of this sort sold as high as five guineas each ; and, in all probability, this high price first led Evelyn to the idea of chpping the more hardy yew in situations where it was finally to remain. The narrowness of the leaves of the yew renders it far less disfigured by clipping than even the box ; and, as it is much hardier than the juniper, should clipped trees come again into fashion, there can be no doubt that the yew would be pre- ferred to all others. As an avenue tree, the yew may be considered suitable for approaches to cemeteries, mausoleums, or tombs : and, as a single tree, ibr scattering in churchyards and burial-grounds. The most extraordinary col- lection of yew trees in England, or perhaps in the world, is at Elvaston Castle, near Derby. (See Gard. Mag. for 1841.) The yew will grow on any soil that is somewhat moist ; but it thrives best in loams and clays, on rock, and in a shady situation. It is propagated for the most part by seeds ; but the varieties, and also the species, when the object is to form a hedge of plants of the same dimensions and colour of leaf, as already mentioned, should be propagated by cuttings or layers from one plant only. The berries are ripe in October, and should be then ga- thered, carried to the rot-heap, and treated in the same manner as haws. (See p. 382.) If, however, they are sown immediately, enveloped in their pulp, a few of them may come up the following year, and the remainder the second year ; but, if the pulp is allowed to dry round the nut, and they are kept in that state till spring, none of them will come up till the third year. Cuttings may be formed of either one or two years' growth, and planted in a shady border, either in the beginning of April or the end of August. The cuttings will be most certain of success if slipped off with a heel, and if the soil consists chiefly of sand. The leaves should be carefully stripped off the lower part of the cutting, which may be from Tin. to 10 in. in length, and buried to the depth of 5 in. in the soil. Cuttings treated in this manner re- quire two years before they are sufficiently rooted to be removed. In all pro- bability, however, if the points of the shoots were taken and planted in sand under a hand-glass, about midsummer, or before, they would produce roots the same season, and might be transplanted the followmg spring. Whether plants are raised from seeds or cuttings, they ought to unilergo the usual rou- tine of culture in the nursery, till they are 3 or 4 feet high : because, as they are of slow growth, time is gained by this practice ; and the yew transplants so readily at any age, that there is no more danger of plants failing wher transplanted at the height of 6 or 8 feet, than there is when they are only 6 or 8 inches high. At Elvaston Castle, already mentioned, above a hundred yew trees between 20 ft. and 40 ft. in height have been transplanted ; some of them brought from a distance of upwards of thirty miles. « 2. T. (b.) canade'nsis IV'dld. The Canada, or North American, Yew. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 856. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 647. Synonytne. T. b. minor Mich. Bur. Amer. 2. p. 24ft. Engiuving. Onrfigt. 210.% 2106. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear, 2-ranked, crowded, revolute. Male flowers globose, always solitary. (lVi//d.) Michaux describes this species as ot' humbler growth than the European yew, of spreading habit, and with smaller flowers and fruit ; and Pursh says that, under the shade of other trees, it does not rise above 2 or 3 feet high. Canatia and Maryland ; grow ing only in shady rocky places, and flowering in March and April. It was introduced in 1800 ; and is apparently only a variety of the common yew. Horticultural Society's Garden. m 3. T. HARRiNGTo'N/.i Kuight. The Earl of Harrington's Yew. Identification. Fnrhps in Pin. Wob., pi. 68. ; Gard. Mag., vol. xv., p. 273. Suiiurii/tncs. ? 76xus macrophJUa Thunb. ; ? PodocArpus macrophyllus Sv■*?. Derivation. The word Pinus comes from the Greek pinos, used by 1 heophrastus to designate the pine tree. Finos has for its root pion, which signifies fat ; because tiie trees of this genus furnish pitch and tar. Otliers derive the word Pinus from pin, or pyn, a mountain or rock, Celtic ; in allusion to the habitat of the tree ; tlie British towns Pcn-r}-n, Pen.rith, and Pen-maen ; and the Spanish ones, Penna-flor, Penna-fiel, &c., being so called from being built on hills, or rocks. Gen. Char., Sfc. Male jioivers in grouped catkins. Pollen contained in 2 cells, formed in the scale, that open lengthwise. Female Jioivers with 2 ovules. Strobile in most species ovately conical. Carpels or outer scales thickened at the tip, exceeding the bracteas or their outer scales in length, and concealing them ; persistent. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sheathed, evergreen; linear, rigid, in groups of 2, 3, or 3 ; each group arising out of a scaly sheath. Flowers, males whitish yellow, powdery. Fruit a cone. Evergreen trees, generally of large size, natives of Europe, Asia, and America, and in an eminent degree both useful and ornamental. They flower, in Britain, in May and .June, and generally ripen their cones in the autumn of the following year. The species may be arranged either according to thtir cones or their leaves ; and we have adopted the latter feature as the founda- tion of our sections, because it is applicable to trees in everj' stage of their growth ; and because many of the species in London gardens have not yet borne cones. The following is our arrangement of the species in British gardens : — BincB. — Leaves 2 in a sheath. §i. 1. sylvestris. 2. Pumilio. 3. Laricio. 4. (L.) austriaca. 11. Banksi««a. 12, inops. 13. pungens. 18. TajMa. 19. rigida. 20. Fraseri. 21. serotina. 22. ponderosa. A. Natives of Europe. 5. (L.) Pallaszawrt, 6. (L.) pyrenaica. 7. Pinaster. 8. Pinea. 9. halepensis. 10. brutia. B. Natives of North America. 14. resinosa, 16. 15. mitis. 17. contorta. turbinata. § ii. Terndtce. — Leaves 3 in a sheath. A. Natives of North America. 31. Teocote. 23. Sabin/rt«a. 27. californiana 24. Coulteri. 28. muriciita. 25. australis. 29. tuberculata. 26. insignis. 30. radiata. B. Natives of Mexico. 32. patula. 33. Llavc«.'ia. 1*, LXXVII. CONI FEKiE : PI NUS. 951 C. Natives of the Canaries, India, China, and Australia. 34. canariensis. 36. Gerard;««a. 38, tiiiioriensis. 3.5. longifolia. 37. sinensis. § iii. QuintE. — Leaves 5 in a sheath. A. Cones with the Scales more or less thickened at the Apex, a. Natives of Mexico or Guatemala. * Cones long. 39. Hartwegii. 40. DevonioHa. 41. Russellia?2a. 42. Monteziimlve.stris, are described by Link ; and P. hamata and P. argentea are described by Stevens, as given in Gard. Mag., vol. XV. p. 22-i., but none of these kinds have yet been introduced. We might also have inchided in the above list P. (s.) pumiho; but though we have no doubt of its being only a variety of P. sylveslris, yet it is so very dif- ferent both in appearance and magnitude, that we have kept it apart. The weight of the wood of P. sylvestris varies according to its age and other circumstances. A cubic foot, in a green state, generally weighs from 54 lb. to 7i lb. ; and, in a dry state, from 31 lb. to 41 lb. The wood is valued, like that of every other pine, in proportion to its freeness from knots ; and it is found that the knots of this species are much more easily worked, and much less liable to drop out of flooring boards, than is the case with knotty boards of the spruce or silver fir. Tiie facility with which the wood of the Scotch pine is worked occasions its employment in joinery and house carpentry, al- most to the exclusion of every other kind of timber, wherever it can be jjro- cured. It is at once straight, light, and stiff, and, consequently, peculiarly fitted for rafters, girders, joists, &c., which may be made of smaller dimen- sions of this timber than of any other. In point of durabihty, if it is kept dry, it equals the oak ; more especially if it has been of slow growth, and is resinous. As a timber tree, for planting in poor dry soils and in exposed situations, none can excel the Scotch pine, and it is only equalled by the larch. In Britain, it surpasses every other species of the pine and fir tribe for sheltering other trees, with the exception of the spruce fir, which, being of a more conical shape, admits more light and air to the heads of the trees which are to be drawn up by it. The Scotch pine is, however, altogether unfit for giving shelter in single rows, unless the branches are allowed to re- main on from the ground upwards, and the roots have free scope on every side. Hence, this pine, like every other species of the tribe, is altogether unfit for a hedgerow tree. When planted in narrow belts round fields for shelter, it soon becomes unsightly, unless the trees stand so thin as to allow of their being clothed with branches from tlie ground upwards. The true situation for this tree, when grown for timber, is in masses over extensive surfaces. A granitic soil, it is generally allowed both by British and Conti- nental writers, is the most congenial to the Scotch pine ; and the sand and gravel of the Forests of Rastadt and Haguenau are composed of the debris of this rock. It does not hai'den its wood well when growing on the grau- wacke ; and it is short-lived, and never attains a large size, on chalk. It will grow and flourish in any kind of soil, from a^sand to a clay, provided the substratum be rubble or rock ; but in wet tilly soils it ought never to be planted ; because, whenever the roots have exhausted the upper soil, and begin to perforate the subsoil, the tree languishes and dies. It is justly ob- served by Mathews, that the natural location of the Scotch pine in poor sandy soils does not result from these soils being best adapted for it, but from the seeds which are blown about by the winds rising readily in such soils, and the plants growing more vigorously in them than any other tree. Should any one doubt this, he observes, let him make an excursion into Mar Forest, and there he will find the Scotch pine in every description of soil and situation, but always thriving best in good timber soil ; and, in short, not differing very materially, in respect to soil, from the sycamore, the elm, the oak, or the ash. The Scotch pine produces cones at the age of fifteen or twenty years ; and every cone generally contains from 60 to 100 seeds. The cones are gathered m the months of December and January, and laid in a dr}- loft, where they will keep good for a year or two, if not wanted for sowing ; and whence they may be taken in early spring, and exposed to the sun, or at any season, and slightly dried on a kiln, as already mentioned, p. 949 i"^ LXXVII. CONI FER^ : PINUS. 955 • 1 2. P. (s.) pumi'lio HtsnJee. The dwarf, or Mountain, Pine. Identification. Haenke Beob., fi8. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 2. Synonymes. P. sjlvestris montina y Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 1.3. p. 366. ; P. s. htimilis y AVai ; P, humilis, &c., Tourn. Inst. 586., Link Abharid. p. 171. ; Pin nain, Fr. ; Krumholz, Ger. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 2. ; our^^. 1765. to our usual scale ; audj?gs. 1763. and 1764. of the natural size. Sjiec. Char., Sfc. Branches generally recumbent. Leaves short, stiff, some- what twisted ; thickly distributed over the branches, with long, lacerated, woolly, white sheaths. Cones, when young, erect ; when mature, pointing outwards. Buds {fg. 1763.) ovate, blunt, resinous. Leaves (^Jig. 1764. c) 1765. 1764. P (s.) pumllio. 1765. 1 from 2 in. to 2^ in. long; sheaths, at first, from i in. to If in. long, white and lacerated ; afterwards falling off or shrinking to i in. or i in. long, and becoming dark brown or black. Cones (c?) from 1^ in. to 2 in. long, and from fin. to 1 in. broad; reddish or dark purplish brown when young, and of a dull brown when mature. Scales (6) and seeds («) resembling those of P. sylvestris, but smaller. Cotyledons 5 to 7. A large spreading bush, or low tree. Europe, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Litroduced in 1779. Flowering and ripening its cones at the same tim.e as the Scotch pine, when in a similar locality. Varieties. P. (5.) J)- 2 ruhrcEJloTa. — Flowers red. P. (s.) f. 3 Fischeri Booth, Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, Lawson's Man. p. 333. — In the shoots and foliage, it bears so strong a resemblance to P. (s.) pumilio, that we doubt very much if it even merits to be considered as a variety of that species. In- troduced in 1832. H. S. P. (s.) p. 4 Miighus. P. s. Mitgho Matt. Camer. ; P. montana Baum. Cat. ; P. Mitgho Jacq., Poir., and N. Du Ham. v. p. 233. t. 68. (our figs. 1766. and 1767., the latter showing the cone, seed, scale, and sheath of leaves, of the natural size) ; P. echinata Hort. ; P. uncinata Pamond in Dec, Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; the Mugho wild Pine; Pin Mugho, Torchepin, Pin suffis, Pin crin, Pin du Brianconnais, Pin de Montague, Fr. ; Bergfichte, Ger. ; Mughi, Ital. — This variety is included by Aiton and others in the pre- ceding one; but, having seen both sorts bearing cones, we are satisfied that they are distinct, though they bear so close a resem- blance to each other in foliage and habit, nee. p. (s.) iiu^Au* 956 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. that, when the cones are absent, they might be supposed to, be identical. It is remarked in the Noiiveaii Du Hamcl, that all the pub- lished figures of this variety are bad, with the exception of the one given in that work, from which ours is copied. On comparing^i(.s-. 1 764. and 1767., it will be found that the cones of P. (s.) p. Mu- ghiis, independently of the peculiar pro- tuberant appearance of the scales, ai-e larger than those of P. (s.) pumilio. This and other differences in the cones are quite sufficient, in a technical point of view, to constitute P. (s.) p. Miighiis and P. (s.) pumilio distinct species ; but, notwithstanding this, they bear such obvious marks of belonging to P. sylvestris, in their foliage, habit, and locality, that we cannot for a moment hesi- tate about their connexion with that species. « ? P. (s.) p. 5 M. iidiia. The Knee Pine of the Styrian Alps. — Never grows above 3 ft. high. {Antoines Coniferen, p. 13. ; and Gard. Mag., 1841, p. 29.) A plant has been in the Trinity College Botanic Garden,. Dublin, since 1817; and, in 20 years, it has not attained a greater height than an ordinary-sized man's knee. Other Varieties. P. (s.) pumilio and P. (s.) p. Mitg/nis vary so much according to the localities in which they are found, that, if it were desirable to increase the number of subvarieties, there might be a dwarf, a tall, and a medium form given to each. In the Horticultural Society's Garden, there is a handsome, erect-growing, small tree of P. (s.) p. AlugJnis, under the name of P. uncinata, and also a dwarf plant, under the same name ; both producing hooked cones. ' 1767. P. (s.) Miighus. 4 3. P. Lari'cio Poir. The Corsican, or Larch, Pine. Identification. Poir. in Lam. Encyc, 5. p. 3.'!9. ; Dec. Fr. Fl., 3. p. 274. Synonymes. P. sylvestris t maritima Ait. Hort. Kcic. iii. p. 366. ; P. inaritima, ed. 2. v. p. 315. ; Pinastro, Pino ciiiappino, Hal. Eytgrnviiigs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t.4. ; N. Du Ham., t. 69. and 69. f. 2. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our,;f^. 1771. to our usual scale, from a specimen received from the Horticultural Society's Garden ; and figs. 1768. to 1770. of the natural size Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves lax, twice the length of the cones. Cones conical, often in pairs, sometimes, but rarely, in threes or in fours. Scales conve.K on tlie back, elliptic in their general form, scarcely angular, and very slightly pointed. Male flowers almost sessile, elongated, having the anthers ter- minated by a small round crest. Bud (see ^;%. 1768.) from £in. to 1 in. long; and from I in. to A in. broad ; ovate, with a long narrow point, and concave at the siiles, resembling a camel-hair |)encil. Scales adpressed, and encrusted with white resin. The centre bud generally surrounded by three or more small buds. Cones varvin? from 2 in. to 3 in. or more in length ; II Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : pi nus. 957 and from | in. to 1 1 in. in breadth. The pomts of the scales turned over Hke an under lip, and terminating in a point which has a very small prickle, often scarcely perceptible. The colour of the cone tawny, and the interior part of the scales purple. Leaves vary- ing in length from 4 in. to 6 in. and upwards ; gene- rally two in a sheath on the side branches, but occasion- ally three on the leading shoots. Seeds greyish or black, twice as large as those of P. sylvestris. Cotyledons (seefg. ]770.} 6 to 8. A lofty tree. Corsica, Spain, Italy, Greece, and various parts of the South of Eu- rope, the Hartz in Ger- many, and Caucasus in Russia ; generally on deeper sylvestris. Height 60 ft., ., 150 ft., according to the climate, and the soil. In- 1759. It flowers in May, ripe in November of p. Laricio. soil than P. 80 ft., 100 ft variety, the troduced in and its cones are the second year. Varieties. Judging from the names in Laricio. Continental catalogues, these are nume- rous ; but, as these names are chiefly expressive of different locaL'ties, we are ignorant how far the plants are really distinct. In the Nouveau Dti Hamel only one variety is given, which is characterised by the cones being greenish, those of the species being described as of a tawny or fawn colour. Delamarre, in his Traite Pratique, &c., enumerates five varieties, some of which, however, are considered by M. Vilmorin as being probably species ; the cones not having yet been seen. i v. L. \ corsicdna. Laricio de I'lle de Corse, Delamarre. — Cones of a tawny or fallow colour. i- V. L. 2 subviridis Nouveau Du Hamel. — Cones of a greenish yellow. i V. L.S caramanica. P. caramanica Bosc; P. caramaniensis Bon Jard., ed. 1837, p. 974. ; Laricio de Caramanie ou de I'Asia Mineure, Delamarre;? P. romana Lond. Hort. Soc. Gard. — P. L. caramanica seldom grows to above half the height of P. L. corsicana : it has a much rounder and more bushy head, with straight, or nearly straight, leaves, slender branches, reddish-coloured bark, and reddish buds, which are wholly, or in part, covered with white resin. The scales of the cones, which are larger than those of P. L. corsicana, are tipped with a harder and more horny point. Introduced into France from the Levant in 1798, and to England in 1820. i P. Z/. 4 caldbnca. Laricio de Mont Sila en Calabre, Dela- marre. — This pine, Michaux and Vilmorin remark in a note to Delamarre's work, resembles the pine of Caramania; » but there are only young plants of it in France, which have \ not yet fruited. 1770. 958 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. f P. L. 5 ausfnaca. P. austriaca Him; Laricio d'AutrichCj ou de la Hongrie, Z>e/«??;fl'/T£'. — Scarcely differs troin P. caramanica, which grows both in Romania and in the Crimea. We are satisfied of this, not only from living plants in British gardens, but from cones which we have received from Vienna. OtJier Varieties. P. altissima and probably some other names are applied to P. Laricio, or some of its varieties, but not in such a manner as to enable us to state anything satisfactory respecting them. The only truly distinct forms of this species, in our opinion, are, P. L. corsicana, P. L. carama- nica (of which there is a handsome tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, under the name of P. romana), P. L. Pallas;«?ia (of which there are trees at White Knights and Boyton), and perhaps P. L. pyrenaica ; the two last we have treated as species, for the sake of keeping them distinct. The branches are disposed in whorls, of five or six in a whorl ; which are distinguished from the branches of P. Pinaster, by being often twisted and turned in a lateral direction at their extremities, especially in full-grown trees. The leaves vary much in length, according to the age of the tree, and the soil on which it grows. The shortest are generally 4 or 5 inches, and the longest 7 or 8 inches, long. The cones are commonly in pairs, but sometimes three and some- times four occur together : they point horizontally and slightly downwards, and sometimes they are slightly curved, so as to be concave at the extremity of the side next the ground. They are from 2 in. to 3 in., or more, in length; of a ruddy yellow or tawny colour, or greenish. In France, according to Thouin, P. Laricio grows two thirds faster than the Scotch pine, placed in a similar soil and situation. Baudrillart says that the wood of P. Laricio has neither the strength nor the elasticity of that of P. sylvestris. Previ- ously to the year 1788, the wood was only used by the French govermnent for the beams, the floormg, and the side planks of ships ; but, in that year, the administration of the marine sent two engineers to examine the Forests of Lonca and Rospa in Corsica, in which abundance of trees were found fit for masts. After this, entire vessels were built with it : only it was found necessary to give greater thickness to th^ masts, in order to supply its want of strength and elasticity. The thickness of the sap wood in P. Laricio is greater than in most other species of pine ; but the heart wood is found to be of very great duration. In Corsica, it is employed for all the purposes for which it is used, when of 36 or 40 years' growth. It is easily worked, and is used both by cabinetmakers and sculptors in wood ; the figures which orna- ment the heads of vessels being generally made of it. In Britain, the tree hitherto can only be considered as being one of ornament ; and, as such, it deserves to be planted extensively for its very regular and handsome form, and tlie intensely dark green of its abundant foliage. It also deserves planting on a large scale as a useful tree, on account of the great rapidity of its growth. In the low districts of Britain, it might probably be a good substitute for P. sylvestris. f 4. P. (L.) AUSTRfACA i/(>'i5. The Austrian, or 6/ac^, Pine Identification. Hciss Anleit., p. 6. ; Lawson's Manual, p. 33S. Synonymes. P. nigricans Hurt. ; P. nijjrescens Hort. ; schwartx Fohre, Ger. Engravings. Fig. 1772., showing the bud of a plant of two years' growth in the Horticultural So» ciety's Gar Jen ; tnifig. 1773., a cone of the natural size, from a specimen received at Vienna. 1771. P. Larrcio. i Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : prNUs. 959 1773. P- (L.) austriaca. Spec. Cknr., Sfc. Sheath with from 3 to o rings, at first of a clear ash grey, then becoming reddish, afterwards darker, and at last black. Leaves from 2 in. to 3 in, long; seldom, and but little, twisted; when young, erect; when older, standing out, and curved towards the twig ; outer surface half-round, dark green, glossy, and with a sharply serrated margin; inner surface nearly even, but slightly dotted along the ridge; points prickly, of a yellowish brown or fawn colour. Buds large, the leader often from lin. to \\m. long, ovate, with a long point. The cone does not arrive at maturity till October in its second year ; it is conical, rounded at the base, 2 or 3 inches long, pointing horizontally, or nearly so ; of a light yellow brown, polished, and shin- ing. Seeds verj' closely resembling those of P. Laricio ; and the cotyledons 6 or 8, as in that species. The bark of the shoots of the current year is of a green- ish yellow, regularly and deeply raised by the insertions of the leaves, furrowed, and shining. (^Hoss's Gemeinfasslicke An- hitiing, &c., p. 8.) A large tree. Austria, in the Breima Forest (Wienerwald), the Banate, upon the Demoglet, near Mehadia ; and in the neighbourhood of the Snowy Mountains, at his/her altitudes than Picea pectinata. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1833. It flowers about the end of iNIay, and its cones are ripe in the October of the second year. This pine prefers a deep, dry, calcareous sand ; but it will succeed in any soil, provided it is loose; and it even loves a moist soil, if not too wet. It thrives best in situations having a southern aspect. The sap wood of P. aus- triaca is said by Hoss to be of a whitish yellow, and the heart wood of a rusty yellow ; the latter being very resinous, strong, and tough. It is much valued in Austria, when kept dry; and is said to surpass even the larch in resisting the injurious effects of water, or of alternate moisture and dryness. 1 5. P. (L.) Pallasz^'A'^ Lamb. Pallas's, or the Tartarian, Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. .5. ; Lawson's Manual, p. 339. Syiiui.ymes. P. taurica Hort. ; P. tata- rica in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1797 ; P. maritima Pall. Ind. Taur. (according to a specimen in Mr. Lam- bert's herbarium) ; Tzaam in the Tartar language. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. .5. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our figs. 1774. and 1776. to our usual scale ;y^s 177-5. and 1777. of the natural size, from living speci- mens received from A. B. Lambert, Esq., talien from his trees at Boyton. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in pairs, very long, erect, rigid, chan- neled ; sheaths very short. Crest of the anthers roundish, convex, repand. Cone ovate- oblong, often curved. Scales slightly tuberculate, and termi- nated by a verv small prickle. {Lamb.) Bud {fig. 1773.) fin. to Uin. long. and from p. (L.)PaI!»iiliiij. 900 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. i in. to I in. broad ; ovate, and pointed, with the sides con- cave, like those of P. Laricio, but much larger. Leaves (i^Gefg. 1777.) from 4 in. to 7 or 8 inches in length ; sheath from i in. to Jin. in length. Cones from 4 in. to 5 in. in length, and from l^in. to l|in. in breadth at the widest part; ovate-oval, acuminate, horizontal in their direction, and slightly incurved at the extremities, which point down- wards. Scales as in those of P. Laricio, but larger. A large spreading tree. Taurica. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft., some- times 80 ft. Introduced in 1790. It flowers in the end of May, and its cones are ripe in November of the second year. Varieties. We can readily conceive that P. L. Palias?'a?ia, like every other variety of P. Laricio, is liable to sport ; and, accordingly, of the trees possessed by Mr. Lambert, one has the cones straight and short, and another long and crooked. The P. taiirica of the London gardens is without doubt a synonyme, and not even a variety. This tree is about the size of P. sylvestris, but much more spreading, sending out numerous large, declining, and horizontal branches from the summit to the base; the lower branches almost equalling the trunk itself in size. The chief circumstance in which 1775. P. (L.) Palli.; -na. 1776. P. (L.) Pallas;.>7ja. P. (L.) VaWaniana differs from P. Laricio, judging from the trees at White Knights, is in the length of the cones : the leaves are also larger than those of P. I-arfcio; and, on the whole, the differ- ence may be compared to that which exists between T'ilia eu- I I p. (L.) Pallasidui. LXXVII. CONIFKR^ : PI NL'S. 961 ropae'a and T. e. grandifolia, or the [jin de Hageneaii and the pin de Cieneve. ? 6. P. (L.) pyrEiNa'ica L,aj). The Pyrenean Phie. Identification. La Peyrouse Supp. FLTyren. ; Bon Jard., ed. 1837, p. 975.; Lawson's Manual, p. 3.if). Synonynies. P. hispanica Cook's Sketches in Spain, 2. p. 237. : /^inaster hispanica Roxas di San i'lcmcnte ; P. penicellus Lap. Hist, des PI. des Pyrinies i P. halepensis mkjor Ann. d'Hort. de Paris, 13. p. i87. ; Pin Nazaron, Pin pinceau, Fr. Engrnvings. Our fig. 1780. from a cone received from M. Vilmorin, J?^. 1778. from a bud of tlie plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, both of the natural size; .md fig. 177U., to our usual scale, from a tree growing, in 1837, at Woodside, near Hatlield, the residence of John Church, Esq. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves long, in tufts at the e.xtremities of the shoots ; branches dispersed, nakeil, scaly when young. Cones conical, smooth, and a little recui'ved, seeds hard. {Lap.) The tree when young somewhat resembles P. halepensis, but when older it assumes a much higher stature, and a more pyramidal form. The cones are, like those of P. halepensis, on strong footstalks ; but, instead of pointing do\Yn\vards, they are always in a horizontal direction. The leaves are long and fine ; but strong and upright, and arranged round the branches like the hairs of a camel-hair pencil, whence tiie name of pin pinceau. They are sometimes three in a sheath, on the young shoots. {Ann. de la Soc. d'Hort. de Paris, xiii. p. 186.) A majestic tree. Spain, in the extensive forests of the Sierra de Segura, and other places. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in ISS-i. It flowers in May, and its cones are ripened in the November i-rs. of the second year. Captain Cook, who introduced this pine, describes it as quite hardy, of quick growth, and from its noble appearance, the beauty of its form, and the clear 1779. P. (L.) pyrenaica. 1780. transparent colour of both the bark and foliage, likely to be a vast acquisition to our park scenery. The timber is white and dry, being nearly without tur- pentme ; but the cones exude a most delicious balsamic odour, as do the leaves. H. S. i 7. P. Pina'ster Ait. The Pinaster, or Cluster, Pine. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1.. 3. p. 367. Synonymes. P. sylvestris y Lin. Syst. lieich. 4. p. 172. ; P. maritima altera Du Ham. Arh No 4 3 Q ■ 962 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETURl BRITANNICUM. t. 29. ; P. maritima N. Du Ham. 5. p 240. ; P. syrtica Thore Prom, sur les Cites de Gascogne, p. 161. ; P. Massoniama Lamb. 2 ed. 118. ; Pin de Bordeaux, Pin des Landes ; Pinastro, ItaL Engravings. Du Ham Arb., No. 4. t. 26. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 9. ; N. Du Ham,, .5. t. 72. and 72. -bis f. 1. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st. edit. vol. viii. ; our Jig. 1786., to our usual scale ;^gs. 1781. and 1782., of the natural size, from Dropmore and Pain's Hill specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in pairs, rigid, very long. Cones conical, placed in whorls of 3, 4, or even as many as 8, together ; rather solitary, much shorter than the leaves ; the backs of the scales forming each a rhom- boidal pyramid, with two lateral angles, from which proceed ribs, terminating at the summit of the pyramid in a smaller pyramid, which has a hard point, more or less sharp, and of a grey colour. Crest of the anthers round- ed. Bud (/g 1781.) m. i^' I 1781. i». PinSster. from § in. to ^ long; and from fin. to i in. broad ; straight-sided, cylin- drical, with the scales turned hack ; white and woolly, but never resinous ; surround- ing buds few and small. Leaves (see Jig. 1782.) from 6 or 8 inches to 1 ft. in length, slightly ser- rated on the mar- gins ; sheaths from ^in. to Jin. in length; imbricated, scarcely rigid ; pale green or whitish at first, and becoming at last black. Cones from 4 in. to 6 in. in length, and from If in. to 2 J in. wide at the broadest part; light brown, and shining; scales from 1 in. to IJin. in length, and from i in. to |in, in breadth at the widest j > part ; terminating in a regular pyramid ; rhomboidal at the base. The sum- mit consisting of a smaller rhomboidal pyramid, of an ash-grey colour, very 1782. P. Pirii'ister. LXXVII. CONl FER^ : Pi NUS. 963 hai-d, and with a small sharp point, more particularly in the upper part of the cone. Seeds oblong, and measuring, without the wing, upwards of fin. in length, and nearly iin. in breadth ; with the wing above If in. in length; wing nearly iin," in breadth. Cotyledons 7 or 8. A large tree. South of Europe and Greece ; chiefly in low situations, and sandy soils near the sea. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. sometimes 70 ft. Introduced in lo96. It flowers, near London, in the beginning of June ; in the North and West of France, in May ; and on the Landes of Bordeaux, in April ; and the cones ripen at the end of the second year. Varieties. The extensive geographical range of this tree has given rise to many varieties, though we have seen but very few that can be considered truly distinct. 1 P. P. 2 Aberddn\?R Gard. Alag. vol. xv. p. 128. P. P. EscareuMS Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2214'. — The leaves are of a paler green than those of the species, but they are equally long and strong. The cones are shorter, and more ovate. A most distinct and handsome variety. Introduced into Britain by the Earl of Aberdeen, in 1823. ? P. P. 3 LerMuiiinus. P. 'Lemonidna Benth. Hort. Trans- act., vol. i., second series, p. 309. pi. 20. ; and our fg. 1783. to our usual scale, and Ji'g. nS-i. to the natural size. — This is also a very distinct variety, but quite the opposite of the last ; being a stunted bushy plant, with + 1783. P. P. Lemonidnu*. 1784. zigzag, close, and twiggy branches ; and standing appa- rently in the same relation to P. Pinaster that P. (s.) pumilio does to P. sylvestris. I P. P. 4 minor. P. maritima minor N. Dii Ham. v. p. 242. t. 72. bis, f. 1., and ourjig. ViSo. ; Pin Pinsot, Pin de Mans, Pin a Trochet. — This variety, which is chiefly distingnished by the somewhat smaller size of its cones, being from 3i in. to 4 in. long, and 1| in. broad, is said by Bosc to be produced by a colder climate, ami to abound on the west coast of France, especially on the barren sands in the neighbourhood of Mans ; and to be hardier than the species. It is found in the Landes of Bordeaux, growing along with P. Pinaster. i- P. P. 3 foliis variegdtis. — Leaves variegated. i. P. P. 6 marifmuts. — Shoots and leaves more slender than those of the species. Greece and Italy, on the sea coast. Other Varieties. Several enumerated in our first edition bear the names 3 Q 2 964 AHBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of tlie countries whence tliey were introduced, but they are not worth keeping distinct. The only varieties of pinaster which we think worth cul- tivating are, P. P. AherdbmcB and P. P. Lenwnirhius, and, for those who like variegated plants, P. P. foliis variegatis. There is a more decided taproot in this pine than in any other European, species ; and, where the soil is dry and sandy, it descends perfiendicularly into it, like the root of a broad-leaved tree. In proportion as the perpendi- cular roots are stronger than those of other pines, the horizontal roots are weaker ; and hence, in the case of transpkmted trees, from the weiglit of the 17S5. p. p. minor. 17S6. P. Pinaster. head, proiluced by the dense mass of long foliage, the stem is generally inclined to one side ; and when, after two or' three years, it begins to grow erect, a curvature appears close above the root, which remains visible even in old trees. The rate of growth is very rapid ; plants, in 10 years from the seed, attaining the height of 10 or 12 feet, and, in twenty years, the height of 30 ft., in the climate of London. The wood is in thick layers, soft, and not of great duration. The most remarkable fact in the history of this tree is the great use which has been made of it in France, in covering immense tracts of barren sand on the sea coast. Though the wood of the pinaster is soft, and not of long duration, it is employed, in the marine arsenal at Toulon, for the outer cases of all the packages which are put on board vessels, and principally for the piles and props which are used for sustaining the frames of vessels while they are being constructed. In Bordeaux and in Provence, it isem- plo3'ed for the common kinds of carpentry, for packing-boxes, and for fuel ; but the most valuable purposes to which the tree is applied in these countries is the production of rosin, tar, and lampblack. The motlcs of procuring pitch, tar, rosin, &c., from the Pinaster, are given at length in our first edition, vol. iv. p. 2221. to 2224. A deep dry sand, or a sandy loam on a dry bottom, suits this tree best ; it abhors chalk, and every description of calcareous soil. With ¥ lie situ i LXXVII. coni'fer.e : PI^NUS. 965 17S7. P. Pines. respect to elevation, though it will endure the sea breeze, it will not thrive, in England, much above the level of the sea. 1 8. P. Pi'nea L. The Stone Pine. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1419. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed 1., 3. p. 308. Synoni/mcs. P. sativa Bank. Pin. p. 491. ; P. domestica Mntt/i. Comm. S7. ; Pin Pignon, Pin bon. Pin cultive, Pin Pinier, Fr. ; Geneissbere Fichte, Ger. ; Pino da Pinocchi, Ital. Engravings. Bliickw., t. 189. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 27. ; Tabern. Ic, 936. ; Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 10, 11. ; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 72. f. 3. ; Poit. et Turp., t. 12.5. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 13f). : the plate of tiiis tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; out Jig. 1783., to our usual scale ; Jigs. 1787. to 17^9., of the natural size, from Dropniore and White Knights. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves in pairs. Cones ovate, obtuse, nearly as long as the leaves, their scales with recurved deciduous points. Seed bony, with very short wings. Crest of the anthers jagged. {Smith.) The buds (see Jig. 1787.) resemble those of i^inaster, but are smaller in all their dimensions, much less pointed, more woolly, and wholly without resin. The surround- ing buds are nearly as large as the central one. The leaves are from 5 in. to 7 in., and sometimes 8 in., long, serrated ; sheaths, at first, i in. long, afterwards becoming lacerated, shortened to half their length, and ringed with four or five rings. Cone from 5 in. to 6 in. in length ; and from 3i in. to 4 in. in breadth ; scales large and woody, from 2 in. to 2^'m. in length, and from 1 in. to liin- in breadth, with the thickened part pyramidal, rhomboidal, and some- times hexagonal in the plan, resembling those of P. Pinaster, but having four ribs from the four angles, instead of two from the lateral angles. The ribs meet in a small rhomboidal pyramid, of a grey colour, which terminates in a broad blunt prickle. The colour of the entire cone is much lighter than that of P. Pinaster, and is of a pale wains- cot colour. Seeds, without the wing, Jin. long, and from | in. to fin. broad ; with the wing, 1 in. long. Cotyledons 9 to 11. A low or middle- sized tree. Greece, and cultivated in Italy. Height, in Greece, 50 ft. to 60 ft.; in England, 15 ft. to 20 ft., rarely 30 ft. Introduced in 1548. It flowers, in the climate of London, in the latter end of May or the beginning of June, and ripens its cones in the autumn of the second year. Varieties. " ' ' '^ 1 ? P. P. 2fragilis N. Du Ham. v. p. 242. — The only variety mentioned by Continental authors ; and it only differs from the species in having a tender shell to the seed, t P. P. 3 cretica Hort. — The leaves seem to be rather finer than those of the species. In the South of Europe, this species is a large tree, with a spreading head, forming a kind of parasol, and a trunk 30 or 40 feet high, clear of branches ; but in England it generally forms a bush rarely exceeding 15 ft. in height. The soil for the stone pine should be deep, sandy, and dry, and the situation sheltered, though the plants should not be crowded. The seeds are procured from foreign cones, which are generally purchased in the autumn, or at the beginning of winter, and the seeds taken out of them by throwing them into hot water, and treating them like those of pinaster. They are frequently sown in pots in the cou''se of the winter, and preserved in a frame, and kept 3 u 3 1788. P. Pinea. 965 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 17S9. P. Pinc-a. gently moist, till the spring ; when most of the seeds will come up, though some will remain in the ground till the second year. Their tardy germination is owing to the thickness of the shell of the seed, which some cultivators break before sowing, though at the risk of injuring the seed. The plants which come np should be transplanted into small pots, after midsummer of the same year, or, at all events, not later than the following spring ; and, for two or three years, they should be kept during winter in a frame, quite close to the glass. The plants are very tender for the first two or three years ; but in the fourth and fifth years they will endure the open air, in the climates of I » iiiiJ ISO, LXXVII. CONr FERiE : PI NUS. 967 London and Paris, without any protection. The leaves of this species, as well as of several others, have quite a different appearance for the first two years from what they have ever afterwards ; they are very glaucous, ciliated on their margins, very short, and very sharp-pointed. During this period, they are single and without slieaths ; but afterwards they come out in pairs, with sheaths, these pairs being what are considered by botanists as abortive shoots. The nursery treatment of the stone pine is the same as that recom- mended for the pinaster, with which the tree is frequently confounded ; this species having also very long taproots, which render it necessary to be ex- tremely careful in taking them up for removal : indeed, they should generally be grown in pots ; and, when they are turned out of the pots to be planted where they are finally to remain, the greatest care should be taken to stretch out the roots, and to spread them carefully in every direction. ? 9. P. hai.epe'nsis Ait. The Aleppo Pine. Identiflcalion. Ait. llort. Kew., 3. p. 3fi7. ; Lam. Pin., ed. 2. 1. t. 7. ; N. Du Ham.. .5. p. 2:^8. Symmymfs. P. liierosolymitana Dh Ham. Arb. 2. p. 126. \ P. marltima prima Mathiolus ; Pin de Jerusaleme, Fr.; Pino d'Aleppo, Ital. Ennravinj^s. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 7. (exclusive of the ripe cone, which is that of P. Laricio) ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit , 1st edit., vol. viii. ; o»r fig. 1733., to our usual scale ; and figs. 17yO. to 1792. ; all from specimens from a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in pairs, very slender. Cones pyramidal, rounded at the base, turned downwards, smooth, solitary or in pairs, stalked. (Lois., and obs.) Buds (see ./%. 1790.) from i in. to i in. long, and from -Vin. to A in. broad ; imbricated, roundish, some- what pointed, wholly without resin ; and altogether like those of a pinaster p. halepensis. 1791. 1792. P. halepensis. in miniature. Cones (fig. 1792.) from 2i in. to .3 in. in length ; and from 1^ in. to li in. in breadth ; invariably turned downwards, so as to form an acute angle with the stem. Footstalks of the cones from i in. to f in. in length. Scale (Jig. 1791. a) from l^in. to 14 in. long, and fin. broad. Seed, without the wing (c), from iin. to |in. in length, and -^in. in breadth ; with the wing (b), from 1 in. to l^in. in length. Coty- ledons about 7. A low tree. South of Europe, Syria, and Barbary, in dry sandy warm soils. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 16S3. It flowers, in the climate of London, about the end of May or the beginning of June, and the cones are ripened in the autumn of the second year. Varieties. I P. h. 2 viinor. — Cones rather smaller than in the species, but it is scarcely worth keeping distinct. Horticultural Socict3's Garden. 3q 4 968 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 179:^. P. lialepensis. i P. k. Smaritinin. P. maritima Lanih. Pin. e(J.2. t. 6. — According to Mr. Lambert's figure, the cones of this variety, in the different forms in which he has given it, are all larger than those of the species. A very doubtful variet}'. 1 P. k. 4f genuensis. P. genuensis Coo/c. — Does not appear, in folia<'e and habit, different from the species. The cone we possess is 3 in. long, and li in. in diameter at the broadest end, and regularly pyra- midal. The length of the stalk is ?. in. The leaves are of a deep green, 2 or 3 inches long, most commonly 2 in a sheath, but sometimes, though rarely, 3 ; and they are so disposed as to form a double spiral round the branches. They never remain longer than two years on the tree ; in consequence of which the branches of old trees have a naked af)pear- ance, and the head looks open, straggling, and thin. The male catkins are reddish, from i in. to Ygin. in length, on short pedicels, disposed in branches of 30 or 40 together. The crest is large, proportionably to the size of the anthers, and is rounded. The female catkins are not, as is usual, placed at the extremity of the shoot of the year, but come out at the side of the shoot, and towards the middle of it ; they point outwards during their flowering, and are of a greenish hue, slightly tinged with red. The cones have very strong peduncles of half an inch or more in length ; and, as they advance in size, they take a direction almost perpendicularly downwards. The tree grows rapidly when young, acquiring the height of 15 or 20 feet in ten years. ? 10. P. bru'ttia Ten. The Calabrian Pine. Identification. Ten. Fl. Nap. Prod , p. G9. ; Synops., ed. alt., p. Gfi. ; Link Abhand., IS37, p. 176. Synonymes. P. congloraerkta Grcrjer PL Exsicc, as quoted by Lamljert ; Kalabrisuhe Kiefer, Ger. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., vol. 3. t. 82. ; and our figs. 179-5. and 1796., from Lambert, and from a young tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, sent there by Mr. Lambert. Spec. Char., Sec. Leaves in pairs, very long, slender, wavy. Cones sessile, crowded, ovate, smooth. Scales truncate at the apex, flattish, unibilicate- {Lamb.) Buds (see Jig. 1794.) |^in. long, and -I in. broad; ovate, pointed, whitish, and wholly without resin ; centre bud surrounded by three smaller buds. Leaves from 31 in. to 4 in. long on the young plantain the Horticultural Society's Garden ; but above 6 in. long in Mr. Lambert's figure. Sheaths, in both, less than 5 in. in length. According to Link, a lofty tree, vying with P. Laricio. Calabria, on mountains, 4000 ft. to 5600ft. above the level of the sea. Height 70ft. to 80 ft. sometimes 100 ft. Litroduced in 1836. '""• Leaves in twos, rarely in threes, very long, slender, glabrous, wavy, spread- ing, about 9 in. long ; light green, canaliculate above, convex beneath, serrulate on the margin, terminated by a small conical callous mucro ; sheaths about ^ in. long, persistent, of an ash-brown colour, membranaceous, entire round the tops, guarded at bottom with a linear-lanceolate, revolute, bright brown, thread-like, ciliated scale (metamorphosed leaf). Cones sessile, generally in clusters, ovate, smooth, brownish, 2 in. to 3 in. long- Cones truncate at the apex, flattish, trapezoidal, innbilicate, smooth, obsoletely 4-angled ; umbilicus dilated, depressed, somewhat hollow, ash-coloured. { D. Don.) This species is nearly related to P. h. maritima , but it is readily distinguished both from it and /-". halepensis by its very long wavy leaves, and by its shorter, sessile, clustered cones, with the scales depressed and slightly concave at their apex. n Ilk LXXVII. CONIFER^: PI NUS. 969 The leaves resemble those of P. Larlcio ; but they are more slender, and rather longer ; and both species differ essentiallj' in their cones. Sprengel has referred it to P. Pinaster, not even allowing \t the rank of a variety; but, according to Lambert's Monogrcrphy the leaves in P. /-"inaster are twice as nyS. p. brfittia. 1796. Stout, Straight, and rigid, and disposed in interrupted verticels ; and the cones are double the size, with the scales elevated and angular. The tree of P. bruttia is said to attain a considerable size, and to yield timber of excellent quality. (^Lamb. Pin.) H. S. B. Natives of North America. t 11. P. Banks/^\V// Lamb. Banks's, or ^/^e Z,aJ?Wor, Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 3. ; N. Du Ham., 5. p. 234. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. G42. Synonymes. P. sylvestris divaric^ta Ail. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 366. ; P. rup^stris Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 118. ; P. hudsonica Lam. Encyc. 5. p. 339. ; Scrub Pine, Grey Pine, Hudson's Bay Pine ; Ypres, Canada. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 3. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 136. ; our Jig. 1799. to our usual scale of 1 in. to 2 ft. ; andflg. 1798. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves in pairs, divaricated, oblique. Cones recurved, twisted. Crest of the anthers dilated, (Smith.) Bud iin. long, iin. broad; cylindrical, blunt at the point, whitish, and covered with resin in large particles ; central bud surrountlcd by from three to five smaller buds, as shown in_7?^. 1797. Leaves (see Jig, 1798.) from 1 in. to U in. in length, including the sheath, which is short, and has three or four rings. Cones from H in. to 2 in. long. Leaves and cones retained on the tree three or four years. Scales terminating in a roundish protuber- 179^ 970 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ance, with a blunt point. Seeds extremely small. A low, scrubby, strag gling tree. Hudson's Bay, and farther north than any other American pine, where it grows among barren rocks. Height, in America, 5 ft. to 8 ft. ; at Dropmore and White Knights, 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers yellowish ; May. Cones ripe in the November of the second year. The catkins of both sexes are expanded in May, before those of P. syl- vestris ; but, as in that species, the cones do not attain their full size and maturity till the November of the second year, and do not open to shed their 1798. p. Banfesmna. seeds till the spring of the third year. The cones are commonly in pairs, of a grey or ash colour (whence the American name of grey pine) ; they are above 2 in. long, and have the peculiarity of always pointing in the same di- rection as the branches. They are remarkable for curving to one side, which gives them the appearance of small horns. Tiiey are extremely hard, and often remain on the trees several years. Plants are raised from imported seeds, when these can be procured; but the species maybe inarched, or grafted in the herbaceous manner, on P. sylvestris. 9 12. P. i^NOPS Ait. The Jersei/, or poor, Pine. Identificafion. Ait. Hort. Kew-, ed. 1., 3. p. 367., ed. 2., 5. p. 316. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl.,3. p. 129.; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 641. Si/nonymes. P. virginiiina T)n lioi IJnrbk. ed. Pott. 2. p. 47. ; Pin chetif, Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 12. ; N. Du Ham., t. 69. f. 1. ; Michx. N. Amcr. Sjl. 3. t. 137. ; our fin. 1801. to our usual scale, and fi^s. ISOO. and 1802. of the natural size, all from Dropmore specimens. ' Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in pairs. Cones drooping oblong-conical, longer than the leaves. The scales av\l-shaped, with prominent prickles. Crest of the anthers short, broad, jagged. Bud {fig. 1800.) from | in. to i in. long, and A in. broad ; cylindrical, blunt at the point, resinous, brown, and surrounded by three small buds. Cone {fig. 1802.) from 2^ in. to 3A in. long, and from 1 in. to l|in. broad. Some of those at Drop- more are of the last dimensions. Scales of a hard woody texture, of a yellowish brown colour, with a sharp woody prickle projecting from each, which is generally straight. Leaves from If in. to 2j in. long. Sheaths with 3 or 4 rings. Seeds small, cotyledons 6 to 8. Young shoots covered with a, fine purplish glaucous bloom. A tortuous-branched low tree, having, at a distance, the general appear- ance of P. Banks/oHrt ; but differing from that species in having many of the more slender branches pendulous, and the wood of the shoots of the current year conspicuously glaucous and tinged with violet. New Jersey to Carolina, on dry barren soils. Height, in America, 30 ft. to 40 ft.; at Dropmore and Pain's Hill, 40 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1739. LXXVII. CONI FERiE : PINUS. 971 Flowers in May, and the cones are matured in November of the second year. 1801. P. inops. 1802. The violet colour of the shoots is peculiar to this species and to P. mitis, amon^the 2-and3-leaved pines, but it occurs in the 4-leaved pines, in P. Sabim««« and P. Coulteri. The buds are resinous; and this matter very readily exudes, and incrusts the surface of the sections wherever a branch is cut off. At Dropmore, in warm weather during sunshine, the fragrance of the air in the neighbourhood of this tree is delight- fully balsamic. t 1.3. P. pu'ngens Michx. The prickly-coner/, or Table Mountain, Pine. Jdeniificntwn. Michx. Arb., 1. p. 61. ; Piu-sh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. G43. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 17. Engravitigs. I.amb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 17. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 110. ; our Jig. 1804. to our usual scale, and Jigs. 1803. and 1805. natural size, all from Dropmore specimens. S2}ec. Char., i^c. Leaves short, and thickly set. Cones top-shaped, very large, yellov/. Scales with hard incurved prickles, thick, and broad at the base. {Michx,) Bud {Jig. 1803.) from iin. to §in. long, and i in. broad; cylindrical, blunt at the point ; brownish, and covered with white resin ; generally without small buds. Leaves {Jig- 1805.) 2\ in. long, including the sheath, which has 4 or 5 rings ; the leaves are much broader, and rather shorter and lighter, than those of P. 1803. (s-) pumilio, and tipped with a sharp point. Cone 3| in. long, and about 2\ in. broad. Scale woody, and furnished with a strong awl-shaped hook, exceeding i in. in length. Seeds nearly as large as tho.se of P. sylvestris, rough and black. Cotyledons fi-oni 6 to 8. ,,so4. p.pu.iRcns. 972 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1S05. P. pilngens- A tree, with the habit of P. sylvestris, but with a much more branchy head. North Carolina, on high mountains. Height 40 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1804. Flowers in May, and the cones are ripened in November of the second year. Readily distinguished from P. sylvestris by the young leaves not being glaucous, and by the leaves generally being more straight and rigid, slightly serrated at the margins, and with shorter sheaths. Tiie leaves are also of a paler green, both when young and full grown ; so that the tree, when of large size, has nothing of the gloomy appearance attributed to the Scotch pine. The cones are of a light yellowish brown colour, without footstalks ; and they are generally in whorls of 3 or 4 together, pointing horizontally, and reniaining on the tree for many years. At Dropniore, there are cones adher- ing to the trunk and larger branches of more than 20 years' growth, giving the tree a very singular ajipearance ; and rendering its trunk easily distinguishable, even at a distance, from those of all others of the pine tribe. i 14. P. RESINO^SA Ait. The resinous, or red. Pine. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p 367.. ed. 2., 5. p. 316. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 642. Synonymes. P. rObra Miclix. N. Amer Syl. 3. p. 112. ; Norway Pine, in Canada i Yellow Pine, in Nova Scotia ; le Pin rouge de Canada, Fr. Engraviniis. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2 , 1. t. 13. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 134.; owr fig. 1808. to our usual scale, with a male catkin (?«) of the natural size, and ^s. 1806. and 1807. of the natural size, all from Dropmore and White Knights specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bark red. Leaves in pairs, 4 or 5 inches long. Cones of a reddish brown, ovate-conical, rounded at the base, and half the length ot the leaves; scales dilated in the middle, and unariiied. (Jlu/i.f.) Buds 4 i LXXVII. CONl FER^ : Pi NUS. 973 {fg. 1806.), in the White Knights specimen, H in. long, and ^in. broad ; ovate, acuminate, concave on the sides, with a long point, as in P. Laricio ; but reddish brown, and very resinous. Leaves (fg. 1807.) from Sin. to 6 in. long, straight, stiff, and yellow at the tip; sheath from ^in. to 1 in. long, white, lacerated, and be- coming short and dark with age. Cone 2 in. long, and 1^ in. broad, ovate-conical, brownish red, sessile, or with very short footstalks ; scales X in. long, and fin. broad. Seeds small ; with the wings ^in. long. Tlie leaves are thickly set, and inclined towards the shoot, and much lighter and more glaucous than in P. Laricio and its va- rieties, in which the foliage is of a darker green than it is in any other species of Pinus. The shoots are much more naked, the whole tree is more open and lighter, and the large and small branches are straighter and more distant, than in P. Laricio ; the plant is also of much less vigorous growth in British gardens. A large tree. Canada, near Lake St. John, and also in Nova Scotia and at Lake Superior; in dry sandy soils. Height, in America, 60 ft. to 70 ft. ; in England, 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1756. It flowers in May, and the cones are ripened in the autumn of the second year. 1806. 1807. P. resinosa. 1808. The foliage and the cones, and even the tree altogether, bear a close general resemblance to P. Laricio ; but the different form and colour of the scales, the lighter tinge of the foliage, and, above all, the much more delicate consti- tution of tlie tree, appear sufficient to justify us in retaining it as a distinct species. We are certain that the trees at White Knights are the true P. rubra of Michaux ; because they were raised by Messrs. Loddiges from seeds of P. ribra, sent to them by Bartram of Philadelphia. We have also, since the above was written, received cones and leaves from Mr. M'Nab, jun., which were gathered by him in Upper Canada, in August, ISS-t, from trees which had been blown down, and which measured upwards of 70 ft. in length. 974 ARBORETUM ICT FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1809. 1810. P. m'ltis. i- 15. P. MiVis Michx. The soft-leaved, or yelloiv. Pine. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 204. ; N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 12n. Synonijmrs. P. variabilis P«rsA Fl. Amer. Sept. p. G^S. ; ? P. ecliinata Mill. Diet. No. 12. ; New York I'ine, Spruce Pine, Shiort-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, Amer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 137 ; our figs. 1812. from Dropmore, and 1813. from Mi. chaux, to our usual scale; axiifigs. 1809, 1810, and 1811., ot the natural size. Spec. Char., c^t. Leaves long, slender ; hollowed on the upper surface. Cones small, ovate-conical. Scales with their outer surface slightly prominent, and terminating in a very small slender nuicro, pointing outwards. (^Michx.) Buds, on a young tree {fig. 1809.), ^^^ in. long, and -fTyin. broad ; on an old tree, larger {fig. 1810.) ; scarcely resinous. Leaves {fig. 1811. from Michaux) from 2iin. to 4 in. long, with sheaths \ in. long ; white, lacerated, afterwards becoming dark, slightly ringed. Cone 2 in. long, and 1 in. broad in the widest part. Seeds small; with the wing, f in. long.' Young shoots covered •with a violet-coloured glaucous bloom, like those of P. inops, by which it is readily distinguished from the P. variabilis of Lambert. A beautiful tree, much valued in America for its timber. New Eng- land to (leorgia, in most pine forests, in various parts of the United States. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. in America, and also in Eng- land ; with a trunk of the uniform diameter of 15 or 18 inches, for nearly two thirdsof its length. Introduced in 1739. Flowers in May, and its cones are ripened in November of the second year. The branches are spreading on the lower part of the trunk, but become less divergent as they approach the head of the tree, where they are bent towardiB the body so as to form a summit regularly pyramidal ; but not spacious in proportion to the dimensions of the trunk. This narrow conical appearance of the head, as compared with the spreading character of those of other species, seems to have given rise to the name of spruce pine in America. The leaves, according to Michaux, are "t or 5 inches long, fine and flexible, hol- lowed on the upper surface, of a dark green, and united in pairs. Sometimes, from luxu- riancy of vegetation, three leaves are found in the same sheath on young shoots, but never on old branches. The P. variabilis of Lam- bert's Pimts, which is made a synonyme of this species by Pursh, is unquestionably a to- tally different plant from 1811. p. inUis. M-ii. p. mitb. ilitfr Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : n'Nus. 975 The description given the P. mitis of Michaux ; being without the violet-coloured glaucous bloom on the joung shoots ; having rigid leaves, generally in threes ; and a cone with very strong prickles, like that of P. Tae'da, to which species we have referred if. The only plants that we know which answer to Michaux's description of P. mitis are at Drop- more, where they are readily known by the violet- coloured glaucous bloom on the young shoots, and by the leaves being almost all in twos ; at the same time, it is proper to mention that the leaves there, though soft and slender, are much shorter than those in Michaux's figure. Tiie name applied to this species at Dropmore is P. variabilis. There is also a plant at Dropmore named P. mitis ; but it is wholly with three leaves ; and, as far as we can ascertain (the tree not having yet borne cones), it belongs either to P. serotina, or to some variety of it. by Miller of P. echinata, as having finely elongated leaves, and a cone with very slight slender prickles, agrees perfectl}' well with this species, as described by Michaux ; and not at all with Mr. Lambert's P. variabilis, which he de- scribes as having leaves only 2 in. long, and cones with scales having " thorny points of a strong woody texture projecting from them." i \6. P. conto'rta Douglas. The tviisie&-branclied Pine. Buds roundish, with a blunt point, covered with resin, and brown. Leaves 2 in a sheath, 2 in. long ; sheath very short, imbricated, black. Cones from 2 in. to 2h in. long ; and from | in. to 1 in. broad ; scales with the apices having Xv>-.^ " „n;,!/^ a depressed lateral rib, termi- nating in a blunt point, fur- nished with a caducous mucro. The shoots are regularly and closely covered with leaves, much in the same manner as those of P. (s ) pumilio, to which the specimen sent home by Douglas, in the Horticul- tural Society's herbarium, bears a general resemblance. This pine was found by Douglas in North-west Ame- rica, on swampy ground near the sea coast ; and, abun- dantly, near Cape Disap- pointment and Cape Lookout. Fig. 1814. to our usual scale, and Jig. 1815. of the natural size, are from the specimens in the Horticultural Society's herbarium. 1 17. P. TURBiNATA Bosc. The Top-shaped-co^ierf Pine. Leaves 2 in a sheath, slightly glaucous, scarcely 1 in. long. The buds are very small, reddish, fringed, and not resinous. The cones are in whorls from 2 to 3 together, sharply pointed, longer than the leaves, with the scales almost square, and not pyramidal. Bosc thinks that it is probably a native of North America ; but his description is taken from a tree in the garden of the Petit Trianon, about 40 ft. high, the only one he had seen. He adds that its general appearance resembles that of P. mitis ; but it differs in its leaves being much shorter, and its cones being without spines. P, contorta. 1815. P. contdrta. 976 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Ternatce. — Leaves 3 in a Sheath. A. Natives of North America. i. 18, P. Tie HA. L. The Frankincense, or Loblolly^ Pine. Identification. Lin Sp. PI., 1419. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 1.55. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 644. Synonymes. P. foliis ternis (iron. F&g. 152. ; P. virginiana tenuiffilia tripilis P/uk. Mm. 2;)7. ; White Fine, at Petersburg and Richmond, in Virginia ; Oldfield Pine, Amer. ; Pin de TEncens' Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., I. t. 1-5. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., t. 143. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our fig. 1819. to our usual si-ale ; and figs. 1816. to 1818. of the natural size, from the Horticultural Society, Dropmore, and Syon specimens. Ik aJwli S'pec. Char, S^-c. Leaves in threes, elongated than the leaves ; oblonir, pyramidal, somewhat trun- cate at the apex ; scales with sharp prickles, turned inwards. Crest of the anthers rounded. Buds, on young trees (see fig. 1816.), i inch long, and \ inch broad ; pointed, with straight sides ; brownish red, and more co- vered with resin than any other 1816. species, except Pin. Banks;tt?iff. Buds on the full-grown tree at Syon as in fig. 1818. Leaves (see fig. 1817.) from 5^ in. to 3f in. long, rigid, bluntly pointed, channeled in tiie middle, with sheaths from |^in. to I in. long : brown, and faintly ringed. Cones .ji in. to 4i in. long, and fn)m I I in. to 2 in. broad ; scales Cones often in pairs, shorter liin. long. Seed small ; with the wing, l^^in. long. A large tree. Florida to Virginia, in barren sandy situations. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1713. In the climate of London, the tree flowers in May, but in Carolina it flowers in April ; and the cones ripen in the August of the second year. irees at >bots o: Vis.;? Piitm Ikii tree i 13,0(1)1 Variety. f P 1817. P. TaeMa. T. 2 aIopcc7iroidea Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., v. p. 317. The Fox- tail Frankincense Pine. — Said to have the leaves spreading, and more squarrose than the species. Pursh is of opinion that this variety is nothing more than the P. serotina of Michaux ; but Lam- bert thinks it a variety of P. rlgida. kClmr. Bllcll sli( I LXXVII. CONrFERiE : PrNUS. 977 The leaves are broad, pointed, flat on the upper surface, and forming a ridge below ; of a fine light green, with a sheath long and whitish at first, but becoming short, thick, and brown when old. The cones are about 4 in. in length ; and the scales ter- minate in pro- cesses which have the form of an elongated pyra- mid, somewhat in the manner of P. Pinaster ; but the apex of the pyra- mid terminates in ^\»;T'f^!» a thick and sharp *si^4^/j prickle, somewhat ■^^^frpvX in the manner of P. pungens, and turned upwards. In England, in the climate of Lon- don, Pinus Pae'da grows vigorously ; there being large trees at Syon and at Kew, which, after being 50 years planted, produce shoots of from 9 in. to 1 ft. every year, and ripen cones. 1 19. P. ri'gida Mill. The rigid, or Pitch, Pine. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 10. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. I.=i0. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p G43. Synonymes. P. Ta^'da rfgida /3 Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 368'. ; P. canadensis trifolia Du Ham. Arb 2. p. 12G. ; ? P. Ta'da a. Pair. Diet. 5, p. 340. ; ? three-leaved Virginian Pine, Sap Pine, black Pine : Pin herisse. Pin rude, Fr. Ensiravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., I. t 16, 17. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., vol. 3. t. 144. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. viii. ; out fig. 1820. to our usual scale; and figs. 1821. to 1823. of the natural size, from Dropmore specimens. 1318. P. Ta'da. 1S19. P. r*v[^-n./n Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ''^^ ^ — -' ' '^ in threes, very long. Male catkins long, cy- lindrical, of a tawny blue, divergent. Cones very long, tessellated with tumid tubercles, terminated by very small mucros. (3fic//.r.) Buds, in the Drop- more specimen (see Jig. 1842.), rather small in proportion to the termination of the shoot, and buried in 1842. P. australis. leaves. When the leaves are removed, the bud is found to be from I to 1^ in. long, and from ^^ in. to ^in. broad, with nu- merous, far-projecting, white, fringed scales ; general form conical, and wholly without resin. Leaves (seej?g. 1843.) from 8 in. to 9 in. in length. Sheath from 11 in. to 2 in. long, white, membranaceous, and lacerated. The cones, in Michaux's 1843. P. australln. 988 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. figure, 8 in. long, and 2^ in. broad in the widest part. Scale {fig. 1844.) from Uin. to If in. long, and 1-| in. broad. Seeds oval, from f in. to iin. in length, ^in. and 2\ in. 1844. 1845. broad, whitish ; with the 2f in. in length, and i in. in breadth, and, as well as the cone, of a rich chestnut brown ; in Lambert's figure, the scales and seeds are much smaller. Cotyledons, ?. A large tree in America, but rather tender in England. North Carolina to Florida, near the sea coast. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. in America, rarely above 10 ft. to 12 ft. in England. Introduced in 1730. The largest plant that we know of is at Farnham Castle, which, in 1834, after being 35 years planted, was 20 ft. hish. Varietij. 1 P. 2 exceha. P. palustris excelsa Booth. — Raised in the Floet- beck Nurseries, in 1830, from seeds procured from the iiorth-west coast of North America. The plant, in 1837, was 4 ft. high, with leaves as long as those of P. australis ; and was quite hardy, even in that climate. Possibly a distinct species. i. 26. P. insi'gnis Doug. The remarkable Pine. Identification. Douglas's specimens in the Horticultural Society's herbarium ; Pin. Wob., p. 51. Enjifinnngs. Pin. Wob., t. 18. ; our fig. 1847. to our usual stale, and fi:^. 18-18, of the natural size, both from Douglas's specimens in the Horticultural Society's herbarium ; anifig. 1846., from the side shoot of a young tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves three, and occasionally four, in a sheath ; much twisted, varying greatly in length, longer than the cones, of a deep grass green, and very numerous. Cones ovate, pointed, with the scales tuber- culate. Buds (see fig. 1846.) of the side shoots of young plants from iin. to iin. long, and from i in. to fin. broad, brown, and apparently without resin ; on the leading shoots a great deal larger, and resem- bling in form, and almost in size, those of P. SabiniaMa. Leaves, in Douglas's specimen, from 3 in. to 4i in. long ; on the plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, from 5 in. to 7 in. long. A large tree. California. Litrotluced in 1833, and requiring protection in British i846. gardens, at least when young. This pine is well named insignis ; its general appearance being indeed remarkable, and totally different from that of every other species that has yet been introduced. The leaves are of a deep grass green, thickly set on the LXXVII. CONI FER^ : PI NUS. 989 branches, twisted in every direction, and of different lengths. The plants in the Horticuitui'al Society's Gar- den, and in most other places, IS 17. P. inrignis. were killed by the winter of 1837-8 ; but" one plant at Elvaston Castle stood that winter without protection. This has also been the case with some plants in the neigh- bourhood of London. ISiS. p. insignis. 1 27. P. CALiroRNiA^NA Lois. The Californian Pine. Identification. Loiseleur Deslongchamps, in the N. Du Ham., 5. p. 243. Synonymes. P. montereyensis Godefroy j P. adunca Bosc, as quoted in Bon Jard. ; Pin de Mon- terey, Bon Jard. ed. 1837. Spec. Char,, l^c. Leaves in twos and threes. Cones much longer than the leaves. (Lois.) This tree grows in the neighbourhood of Monte-Rey, in California. Its cone is in the form of that of P. Pinaster, but one third larger in all its parts. Under each of the scales are found two seeds of the size of those of P. Cembra, and of which the kernel is good to eat. A plant of this pine in the Horticultural Society's Garden, named there P. montheragensis, which was received from M. Godefroy about 1829, formed a stunted bush, 3 ft. high, and 4 or 3 feet broad, but it died in the winter of 1837-8. A very doubtful species. i 28. P. murica'ta Z>. Don. The smaller ^v\ck\y-coned Pine. Identification. Lin. Trans., 17. p. 441. ; Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 84. Synonyme. Obispo, Span. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 84. ; and ourj?^. 1849. S])ec. Char., S^c. ? Leaves in threes. Cones ovate, with unequal sides, crowd- ed ; scales wedge-shaped, flattened at the apex, mucronate ; those at the 990 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. external base elongated, compressed, recurved, and spreading. (Z). I)o7i.) Cones, in Lambert's figure, 2 in. long, and Sin. broad. A straight middle- sized tree, about 40 ft. high. Ca- lifornia, at San Luis, where it is called Obispo (the bishop), grow- ing at the height of .3000 ft. above the level of the sea. •I ISly. P. muiicata. 1850, P. tubercvllkta. t 29. P. tuberculaVa D. Don. The tuberculated Pine. Identification. Lin. Trans., 17. p. 442. ; Lamb. Pin., 3. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 85. ; and our fig. 1850. Spec. Char., S)-c. ? Leaves in threes. Cones oblong, with unequal sides, crowded. Scales quadrangular, and truncate at the apex, with a depressed umbilicus ; those at the exterior base larger, elevated, and conical. (D. Don.) A tree, about 100 ft. high. California, at Monte-Key, on the sea shore. Found by Dr. Coulter, along with P. radiata, wiiich it resembles in size and habit, but is essentially distinguished by the form of its cones, which are oblong, 3 in a cluster, of a tawny grej', 4 in. long, and 2A in. broad. t 30. P. radia'ta D. Do7i. The racWated-scaled Pine. Identification. Lin. Tr.ins., 17. p. 442. ; Lamb. Pin., 3. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 86. ; and our fig. 1851. Spec. Char., ^c. ? Leaves in threes. Cones ovate, with unequal sides. Scales radialely cleft, truncate, with a depressed umbilicus ; gibbous, somewhat > Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : PI^NUS. 991 1S51. P radiata. recurved, and three times as large at their external base. Cones, in Lam- bert's figure, 5 J in. long, and 3^ in. broad. An erect tree, attaining the height of about 100 ft., with copious spreading branches, reaching almost to the ground. Monte-Rey, in lat. 36°, near the level of the sea, and growing almost close to the beach. Cones in clusters, ovate, about 6 in. long, ventricose at the external base. Scales wedge-shaped, thick, bright brown, shining, dilated at the apex, depressed, quadrangular, radiately cleft ; umbilicus depressed ; three times larger at the external base ; apex elevated, gibbous, somewhat recurved. B. Natives of Mexico. 1" 31. P. Teoco'te Schiede et Deppe. The Teocote, or twisted-leaved, Pine. Identification. Schiede et Deppe in Schlecht. Linnjea, 5. p. 76. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Synuny7nes. Teocote and Ocote of the Mexicarts. Engraving. Our figs. 1852, 1853, 1854. from specimens sent from Mexico to the Horticultural Society by M. Hartweg, in 1839. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves in threes, compressed, flexuose, scabrous ; sheaths about A in. long. Cones ovate, smoothish, about the size of those of P. sylvestris, but with the tips of the scales flatter. A tree. Orizaba, ' in Mexico. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; according to Lindley, in Penny Cyc, 100 ft. Introduced in 1839. Cones were distributed by the Horticultural Society, from the seeds in which many plants have been raised ; but their degree of hardiness is not yet ascertained. 992 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The figure of the cone of P. Teocbte, in Arh. Brit., 1st edit. p. 226G., does not exactly agree with the cones sent home by Hartweg, and therefore we have omitted it in this abridgement. Branchlets very leafy, with a persistent epidermis. Buds imbricated, with lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, and torn scales. Leaves in threes, erect, rigid, compressed. 1853. 1854. ISJ2. P Teocote. acute, tortuous ; light green, bicanaliculate above, slightly convex beneath, very smooth ; the intermediate slightly pro- minent angle, and the mar- gins, crenulated, scabrous. Sheaths cylindrical, about 1 in. in length, persistent, torn on the margin. Cones ovate-oblong, drooping, and smoothish, scarcely 3 in. long. Scales dilated at tlie ' apex, somewhat trapezoidal, much depressed; in the young cones always mutic. (Lamb.) This, till lately, was a very rare species ; there having been no plants of it either at Dropmore or in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Indeed, so far as we are aware, it existed in no collection in Britain, but that of Mr. Lambert at Boy ton, till 18i0. 1 32. P. pa'tula Schiede et Deppe MSS. The spreading-leaved Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 1., t. 19 ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 19. ; andfigs. 1855. and 18.^., from Mr. Lambert's figure. Sjjec. Char., ^c Leaves in threes, very slender, 2-channeled, spreading ; sheaths about 1 in. long. Cones ovate-oblong, polished. Branchlets covered with a smooth, lead coloured, and persistent epidermis. Scales of the bud lanceolate, acuminate, carinate, rigid, thread-like, and ciliate. Leaves in threes, slender, recurved and spreading ; soft, light green ; dee|)iy bicana- liculate above, convex beneath, marked with many dotted lines ; 6 in. to 9 in. long ; the intermediate somewhat prominent angle, and the margins, sharply serrated, scabrous. Sheaths cylindrical, 1 in. lo l^in. long. Apex and margin of the scales thread-like and ciliated. Cones ovate-oblong. LXXVII. CONIFER.^ : PI NUS. 993 smooth, about 4 in. long. Scales dilated at the apex, much de- pressed, flattish, somewhat tra- pezoidal ; in the young cone, mucronulate. {Lamb.) A tree. Mexico, at Malpayo de la Joya, in the cold region. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in ? 1820, and again by Hartvveg in 1839, in which year cones were distri- buted extensively by the Horti- cultural Society. 1S55. P. putula. lS5fl. J>. pitula. P. p. 2fdliis stricth Benth. Plant. Hart. No. 442., Gard. Mag. 1840, p. 638. — Cones smaller than those of the species, and the leaves straighter. Found by Hartweg near Real del Monte. Horticultural Society's Garden. i 33. P. Llave./'.vj Schiede. La Llave's Pine. Identification. Linnsa, vol. xii. p. 488. ; Pin. Wob-, p. 49. Si/noni/mes. P . cembroides Zucc. Flora, 1832 ; 2. Beibl. 93. ; the Mexican Cembra, Penny Cyc. vol.18. Engravings. Our fig. 1869. from a' specimen of the tree in the London Horticultural Society's Garden ; fig. 1860. from a cone sent home by Hartweg ; and fig. 185S., a the cone, i the seed, from a cone received from M. Otto of Berlin. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves short, narrow, triquetrous, slightly twisted, in thickly set tufts on the brandies, of a glaucous green. Branches in regular whorls, smooth, of an ash grey, declining towards the stem. Buds exceedingly small ; in form, and in every other respect, like those of Pinus hale- pensis: the buds are scarcely .i-in. long, and from ^V'"- toiin. broad; roundish, with two or three smaller buds. (Seejig. 1857.) Leaves general! V in tlirees, often in twos, and some- times in fours, varying from in. to 2 J in. length : flat on the upper 1S57. in 3 s 18i8 P. I,lave^' sufficiently hardy to stand the climate of Britain." isos. p. longifolia. 3s 3 998 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. . I 36. P. Gerarhia^na Wall. Gerard's, m- the sJiort-Icaved Xqjal, Pine. Jdcniification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 79. ; Royle lUust., p. 3-53. ; Pin. Wob., p. 53. Si/7ionymes. P. Kcosa Govan ; eatable-seeded Pine of the Kast Indies ; ? Chilghoza Elphinstone, on the authority of lioyle I/lust. p. 32. ; the Neoza Pine, Penny Cyc , vol. 18. Enf;rav>nf;s. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 79. ; Royle lUust., t. 85. f.«. ; Pin. Wob., t. 19. ; and our ,lfig. 1S71., from Royle, to our usual scale; arid Jigs. 1869. and 1870., the cone from Lambert, and the loaves from Royle, both of the natural size. Spec. Char,, c^~c. Leaves in threes, short ; sheaths deciduous. Cones ovate-oblong ; scales thick, lunt, and recurved at the apex. (Lamb. Pin.) weaves, in Royle's figure, from 3^ in. to 5 in. length ; sheaths imbricate, f in. in length. 183D. P. GerarcU.lnn. 1S70. Cone 8 in. long, and nearly 5 in. broad. Seed ^in. long, and fin. broad ; cylindrical, pointed at both ends, and of a dark brown ; eatable, like those of the stone pine. Wings short. A middle-sized tree. Nepal, on the northern fiice of the Himalayas, at from 5,000 ft. to 10,000 ft. of elevation. Height 30 ft. to 50ft. Introduced ? 1830. Apparently tender in British Gardens. LXXVII. CONI'I-EU/E: pi^nus. 999 Nothing is said respecting the timber of this tree ; but the seeds are eaten by the inhabitants of the lower parts of India, in the southern countries. This species Avas discovered by Captain P. Gerai'd, of the Bengal Kative Infantry; and named in commemoration of him by Dr. Wallich. Cones have been sent to England, by l)r. Waliich and others, at diiferent times ; though they are often contounded with those of P. longifolia. The plant named P. Gerard;«?ia in the Horticultural Society's Garden has persistent sheaths, and long slender leaves ; and is, doubtless P. longifolia ; and the same may be said of a number of plants at Messrs. Loddiges's. There are plants of the true P. GerardM?i« in the Clapton Nursery, under its S3'nonyme of P. Nehsa. i 37. P. sine'nsis Lamb. The Chinese Pine. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 29. ; Pin. Wob., p. 39. fKesiyn Koyle, a native of Nepal. See (iard. Mag., 1840, 1S7I. P. Gerardmnn. very slender, at the apex, Jdentification. Synonyme. P p. 8. P. nepaleqsis "Pin. Wob. ; P.Cavendish?a«« Hort Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 29. ; Pin. Wob., t. 12. ; and our Jig. 1873. to our usual scale, from a specimen of a tree at Kedleaf ; and Jigs. 1874. and 1872. of the natural size, the cone and leaves from Lambert, and the bud from Redleaf. Sj^ec. Char., ^c. Leaves in threes, rarely in twos, JNIale catkins short. Cones ovate ; scales truncate without any point. Branches tubercled. Leaves squarrose, with stipular scales ; twin, or in threes, slender, spreading, sen.icylin- drical, mucronated, serrulated; grass green, 5 in. long ; sheaths cylindrical, }, in. long. Male catkins numerous, somewhat verti- cillate, i in. long. Cones with very short footstalks, ovate, brownish, 2 in. long. Scales thick, woody, tetragonal at the apex, flattened, truncate, mutic. {Lamb.) Buds (see fig. 1872.), in the Redleaf specimen, from .5-%- in. to -j^in. in length, and about the same breadth ; bluntly pointed, with numerous fine scales of a brownish colour, and wholly without resin. Leaves from Sin. to 5iin. in length; three-sided, slender, straight, and about the same colour as those of P. P'mea. Sheaths 1S72. from 2. in. to 4 in. k brownis slightly membranaceous, and rigid large tree. China. Introd.1829 ^^* or before, and requiring pro- tection in England in ver severe winters. \filZ. P s:iiw:sls. 1S74. P. sinensis. 3s 4 1000 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A tree at Redleaf, raised by W. Wells, Esq., from seeds received from China in 1829, was 16 ft. high in 1837, but was killed by the winter of 1837-8. 1 38. P. timorie'nsis. The Timor Pine. A tree at Boyton, which, in 1837, was 16 ft. high, after being 25 years planted, was raised from seed received by Mr, Lambert from Timor, one of the Molucca Islands. It bears a close general resemblance in the foliage and habit to P. longifolia ; but the leaves (of which there are three in a sheath) are rather more slender, and of a deeper green. § iii. Qiilna;. — Leaves 5, rarely 4, in a Sheath. A. Cones with the Scales thickened at the Apex. a. Natives of Mexico. i 39. P. HartweV,// Lindl. Hartweg's Pine. 3 k 1S7J. P Hartive, LXXVII. CONl'FERiE: Pl'^NUS. 1001 Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, Ko. 95. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Engravings. Onr figs. 1875. and 1876. from speci- mens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fours ; secondary narrowest, primary mem- branaceous, elongate, scarious. Cones pendulous, oblong, obtuse, aggregate. Scales transverse at apex, depressed in middle, umbo- nate, and carinate ; umbo straight and rounded. Seeds roundish, wedge- shaped, four times shorter than the testaceous wing. (Lindl.) A tree. Mexico, on the Campanario, be- ginning to appear where the oyamel, or .'i'bies religiosa, ceases to grow, about 9000 ft." above the sea. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hartweg, from which many plants have been since raised. The leaves are almost invariably in _ fours, and are rather more than 6 in. in length. 1876. P. Hartweg;;. The Duke of Devonshire's Penny Cyc, vol. 18. i. 40. P. Devotsia^na Lindl. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 96 Synomjmes. Pino bianco, or P. real, of the Mexicans. Unrtwp.. Engravings. Our figs. 1877, 1878. from specimens sent home by Hartweg Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, very long. Branches very thick. Cones pendu- lous, solitarj', curved, ob- tuse. Scales rounded at apex, rhomboidal with a slightly elevated transverse line, dull pearly grey, ab- ruptly umbonate in middle, obtuse, smooth. Seeds ob- ovate, five times shorter than the blackish wing. (Lindl.) A large tree. Mexico, on the Ocotillo, between Real del Monte and Regla. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hartweg, from which numerous plants have been since raised. The cones are from 9 in. to 10 in. long, curved, about 3 in. in diameter near the base, and tapering till they are not more than If in. broad at the point. The leaves are between Sin. and 9 in. in length, with sheaths of nearly 1 in. in length. The 18-7. p. Devon/ujw. Pine. leiti 1878. P. Devon/ana. LXXVII. coni'fer^ : pi^nus. 1003 young shoots are very nearly 1 in. la diameter, and look very like those of /'i- nus palustris. This noble species of pine, worthy of the princely patron of gar- dening in honour of whom it is named, it is thought will probably prove hardy in British gardens. f 41. P. RVSSEI.I.IA^NA. Lindl. Russell's, or ike Duke of Bedford's, Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. M. Chron., 1839, No. 97. Engravings. Our figs. 1879. and 1880. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in fives, very long. Cones elongate, horizontal, slightly drooping, verti- cillate,straightish, sessile. Scales rhomboidal at the apex, pyramidal, straight, obtuse. Seeds oblong, four times shorter than their blackish wing. (Lindl.') A large tree. Mexico, on the road from San Pedro to San Pablo, near Real del Monte. Height, ?. In- troduced in 1839, by cones sent to the Hor- ticultural Society of London by Hartweg, which have been exten- sively distributed, and from which many plants have been raised. The cones are about 7 in. long, l|in. broad at the base, and they termi- nate in a point ; the scales are a little elevated, so as to form a small pyramid, with a somewhat promi- nent apex. The leaves are T^in.in length, with sheaths of upwards of 1 in. in length. A very noble spe- cies, worthy of the house of Russell, and of comme- morating the pubUcation of the Pineium Woburn- ense. I'. R\i' 1004 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUai BRITANNICUM. 1880. P. Russelliina. 1881. P. Montezuma. 1 42. P. Montezu'bi^ Lamb. Montezuma's, or the rough-branched Mexican, Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 22.; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Synonyyjie. P. occidentalii Ktmth in Hmnb. et Bonp. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL 2. p. 4., Deppe in Schlecht. Linncua 5. p. 76. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 22. ; and ouTfgs. 1881. and 1884. from Lambert. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves in fives, erect, triquetrous; sheaths about 1 in. long, persistent. Cones oblong, about 9in. long, tuberculate. (Lamb. Pin.) A tall tree. Orizaba, and other mountains of Mexico, to the height of 1 100 ft. Varieii/. 1 P. M. 2 Lindlei/i (Jigs. 1882. and 1883., from specimens sent home by Hartweg.) — Cones with the scales flattened, or very slightly tuberculated at the tip. Found on the road to Sumate, where it grows from 40 ft. to 50 ft. high. The cones of P. Montezuma?, which were dis- tributed by the Horticultural Society in 1839, differ so much from those of this species in Mr. Lambert's possession, and also from cones sent from Mexico to Mr. Henchman, that we have tliought it advisable to keep them distinct. The cones in Mr. Lambert's possession are much tuberculated, as are also those of Mr. Henchman ; while those distlibuted by the Hor- *''*-• P- Montezuma^ LlndlJj.. ticultural Society have the tips of the scales almost flat ; and there- fore we have thought it advisable to mark the Horticultural Society's plant as a variety, till something more is known respecting it. A tall tree. Branchlets covered with thick scabrous bark. Leaves generally in fives, rarely in threes or fours; stipular, persistent, lanceolate, much pointed, li Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : PiVus. 1005 with ciliated and torn scales ; erect, waved, somewhat rigid, tri- quetrous, callous, and mucronate ; glaucous green, marked with many parallel dotted lines ; slightly bica- naiiculate above, and flattisli beneath ; 6 in. long ; angles crenu- lated, and scabrous : sheaths 1 in. to l^in. long, persistent : scales amentaceous, ciliate and torn on the mar- gin, bright brown. Male catkins cylindri- cal, I in. long, with many imbricated, oval, ciliated scales at the base. Appendage to the anthers roundish, convex, coriaceous, membranaceous on the margin, torn, and cre- nulated. Cones ob- long, tubercled, bright brown, thicker at the base, a little attenu- ated towards the apex, about Gin. long ; scales elevated at the apex, bluntly tetragonal, truncate, very thick. (^Lamb.) Mr. Lam- bert says : " Baron Humboldt has re- ferred this species to Pinus occidentiilis Swartz; but I have ventured to separate Jt, as the size of the cones, which may, in general, be relied on as indicating a specific distinction in this ge- nus, differs so nmch." Those described by Swartz are only 3 in. long, whereas those of P. Montezimics are more than double that length, \^'hether this species will prove quite hardy in British gardens is not, as far as we are aware, at present ascertained. Something may doubtless be accomplished with this and other species by grafting on more hardy kinds. 18S3. P. Monteiumffi LindI5y{. 1006 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Montezuuiu?. ? 43. P. macrophy'lla Lindl. The long-leaved Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 98. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Eniiravings. Our Jigs. 1885, 188G. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Cliar., Sfc, Leaves in fives, very long. Cones straight, horizontal, ovate, elongate, solitary. Scales transverse at apex, rhomboidal, runcinate. Seed s .sub-rhomboidal, rugose, four times shorter than testaceous wing. (LhidL) A small tree. Mexico, on the Ocotillo, one specimen only being found, of small size. Height r. Introduced in 1839 by cones sent home by Hartweg^ from which plants have been raised. Differs from P. IlusselhV?H« in the longer leaves, and shorter and stouter cones, the ends of the scales of which are strongly hooked backwards. They are 14 or 13 inches long, very robust, and resemble those of the Pinaster. The cones are about 6 in. long, and 3 in. broad at the base ; and the scales are hooked backwards like those of P. Coulter/, and very hard. The small size of the tree, if that shoukl be its general habit, and the great length of its leaves, would seem to render this a very remarkable species. Young plants have been raised, but whether they will prove hardy is uncertain. LXXVII. CONIFER^: PI NUS. 1007 •SSi. i: niacir.jjhjlla. 1008 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1SS6. P. macrophylla. t 44. P. Pseu'do-^tro'bus Lindl, p. Pseiido-Jlrobus. Cones oval, verti- erect, straiditish. The False- Strobus, or False Weijmouth^ Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 99. Engravings, Our figs. 1887, 1888. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Si^ec. Char., ^c. Leaves in fives, very slender, glaucescent. cillate, horizontal. Scales rhomboidal at apex, pyramidal with a transverse elevated line. Seeds oval, four or five times shorter than the blackish wing, {Lindl,) A tree. Mexico, at Anganguco, 8000 ft. above the sea. Height ?. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hart- weg, from which many plants have been raised. The leaves are five, and glaucous like those of the Weymouth pine ; but the cones differ in being thickened at the apex, in tiie manner of other Mexican pines. The cones are between 4 and 5 inches long, by 1-i-in. in diameter at the middle, pointed and curved. 2 45. P. filifo'lia Lincll. The thread-leaved Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg, 1840, M. R., No. 132. ; Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 639. Engravings. Ourjigs. 1889, 1890. in p. 1010, 1011. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., ^-c. Branches rigid, thick. Scales of the bud linear, very acuminate, and with very long ciliae. Leaves in fives, very long (lift.) acutely triangular ; sheaths long, smooth, persistent. Cones elongate, ob- tuse, 7 or 8 inches in length ; scales with lozenge-shaped, depressed, pyra- midal apices, and terminating in a callous obtuse mucro. (Lindl.) A noble tree, with branches as stout as those of P. australis or .stouter. Guatemala, on the Volcan del Fuego. Introduced in 1840 by the Horticultm-al Society. H. S. The leaves of this species are from 12 in. to 13 or 14 inches in length, which is longer than those of any other pine previously discovered- Abun- dance of plants of it have been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and other places ; but it is to be feared that they will not prove hardy in the climate of London. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE : PI^NUS. 1009 IS88. p. Pseudo-Strobus. 3 T LXXVII. CONl'FERiE : PI^NUS. 1011 1S90. P. filifolia. t 46, P. leiophy'lla Schiede et Deppe MSS. The smooth-leaved Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 21. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Synonyme. Ocote chino, in Mexico. Kngraviiigs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 21. ; and onr fig. 1891. from Lambert's figure , and figs. 1892. 1893. from a spe- cimen sent home by Hartweg. Spec-. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, very slender ; sheaths deciduous. Cones ovate, stalked. p. Ieioph. 1 commiinis. The common Spruce, or White Fir of Norway. — The foliage is shorter, more slender, and lighter-coloured, than in the following form ; though the difference may be in part owing to soil and situation, t A. e. 2 nigra. The black-leaved Spruce, or Red Fir of Norway. — There is a tree in Studley Park, known there as the black spruce, of which a portrait is given in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. In the foliage, it answers to the description given of the red fir of Norway ; its leaves being very thick, strong, and dark-coloured ; its bark red ; and its cones longer than those of the common spruce. The leaves, in the specimen sent to us, are 1^ in. in length ; and the cones from 5^ in. to Gin. long, and from ]iin. to Ijin. broad. The scales (.see Lxxvii. coni'fer^. : ^/'bies. 1027 fig. 1922.) are much more pointed than those of the common spruce, and longer. f A, /?. 3 carpaticn. A. carpatica Hort. — This varit ty has vigorous shoots, and foliage as dense and long as that of the preceding, but lighter. ? A e. ^ 'peudida. ^. communis pendula ^oo/'/i. — Dis- tinguished from the species by the drooping habit of its branches; and also by the darker glossy green colour, and greater length, of its leaves. i A. e. bfbliis vanegdtk. — Leaves blotched with yellow, and a more compact dwarf-growing tree than the species. • A. e. 6 C/anbrasi/lhna. — A low, compact, round bush, i9<,2. a. e. nssra. seldom seen higher than 3 or 4 feet, and never, that we have heard of, producing either male or female blossoms. The annual shoots are from 1 in. to 4 in. in length ; the leaves from i in. to ^ in. long, and their colour is lighter than in the species. • A. e. 7 Clanbrasil'iixua stricta. — More erect than the [)receding variety. • A. e. 8 pijgmcB'a. A. nana in the Horticultural Society's Garden ; //. elegans SniitJi of Ayr. — Dwarfer than A. e Clanbrasili«««. • A. e. 9 tenuijolia. A. tenuifolia Smith of Ayr. — Very slender leaves and shoots, t A. ir. The black Spruce Fir. Iiientificntion. Poir. Diet. Encyc, 6. p. .520. ; IMichx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 176. Sy)W7iyinrs. Piniis nigra Ait. Ilort. Kcw. 3. p. 370. ; P. mariana F/ir. Bfijt 3. p. 23. ; /("bies ma- ri^na iVangh. Bcyt. p. 75. ; doubie Spruce : noire Epinetic, Kpinette a la Biere, in Canada. Eiiiiravings. Lamb. I'in., ed. 2., 1. t. 37. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 147. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. viii. ; and oi\r fig. 1929. Spec. Char., S)~c. Leaves solitary, regularly disposed all round the branches ; erect, very short, somewhat quath-angular. Cones ovate, pendulous ; scales somewhat undulated ; the apex of the scale crenulated or divitled. {Michx.) Cones from 1,', in. to If in. long, and from |.in. to nearly 1 in. broad. Seed rather larger than that of A. alba, but the wing smaller. Leaves from i in. to ^ in. long. A large tree. Canada to Carolina, throughout the tracts of high mountains. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced inlTOO. Flowering in May or June, and ripening its cones in the following April. Varieties. The kind generally designatetl as A. rtibra (P. rubra Lamb.) is as- serted by Michaux to be only a variety, or rather variation, of A. nigra, produced by the influence of the soil on the wood, but we have treated it as a subspecies, as it is tolerably distinct, and, at present, not common. The branches spread more in a horizontal tliau in a drooping direction, like those of the Norway spruce ; and, consequently, the black spruce (notwith.standing the darkness of its foliage) has not the gloomy asped of the European tree. The bark is smooth and blackish. The leaves are of a dark sombre green ; they are shoit, being scarcely }. in. long, thickly set, stiff, and are attached singly to the branches, which they cover all round. The male catkins are cylindrical, erect, and on peduncles ; about 1 in. long ; yellowish, with red- tipped anthers. The female catkins are oval, and at first erect, but soon become pen- dulous ; they are purplish, and almost black, when young ; but become, when ri[)e, of a dusky reddish brown. When lull-grown, they are about liiu. long, and fin. in diameter at the middle. The scales are blimt, rounded, very thin, and, when ripe, rugged and torn on the margin, and some- timc.s half through the scale. The seeds are small, scarcely more than a line 3 u -i nigra. 1032 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1930. A. (n.) rubra. in length, with rather a small rigid wing. The rate of growth of A. nigra is more rapid than that of A. alba under similar circumstances. I 6. A. (n.) ru'hra Pair. The red Spruce Fir, or Ketvfoundland red Pine. Identification. Poir. Dirt. Encyc. ; Dii Roi Harbk., ed. Pott., 2. p. 182. Synonymes. P. americana rubra IV/mg. Beyt. p. 75. ; Pinus rClbra Lamb. Pin. 1. t. 38., Pursh Sept. 2. p. G40. ; /J^bips pectinata I.am. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 38. ; Wang. Beyt., t. 16. f. 54. ; and our fig. 1930. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves solitary, awl-shaped, acuminate. Cones oblong, blunt; scales round, somewhat 2-lobed, entire. {Lamb. Pin.) Leaves little more than i in. long ; slightly tetragonal. Cones about 1 in. long, and i in. broad; scales notched. Seeds very small. A large tree. Nova Scotia, and about Hudson's Bay. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Cultivated in England before 1755. Flowering in May, and ripening its cones the following spring. Varieti/. A. (n.) r. 2 ccerulea, A. ca^riilea Booth. — Has glau- cous leaves, and appears to us to differ from A. (n.) rubra only in the colour of the cones. The cones are ra- ther longer and red- der than those of A. nigra, and covered -«v^ith resin. Michaux says that the red spruce is in no way inferior to the black spruce in the quality of its timber, which "unites in the highest degree all the good qualities that characterise the species." He also states that, instead of being a low tree, it is superior in size to the black spruce, as it generally grows in richer soil ; and that the wood is reddish, instead of being white. In Lawson's Manual, it is stated that A. riibra dilfers essentially both from A. nigra and A. alba in all its parts ; and particularly in its leaves, which are more slender and sharper-pointed than in either of these species, C. Native of Nepal, i. 7. A. Khu TROW. TheKhutrow SpruceFir. Synonymes. A. Smithi'ann Arb. Brit. 1st edit, p 2317. ; Plans A7(i2/>-0!/' Royle 111. p. 3.53 ; '^Pinus Smithjana Wall. PI. Asiat. Rur, 3. p. 24. ; /I'bies SmitluViwa Lindl. Pen. Cyo. 1. p. 31. ; A. Moriuda Hort. ; Uaga, or Raggoe, in the Parhutce language. Engrai'ings. Wall. PI. As. Kar., t. 246. ; Royle 111., t. 84. f. 4. ; and our fig. 1931. from Royle ; and fig. 0003. in p. OCOO. Spec. Char., Sec. Leaves compressed, tetra- gonal, straight, awl-shaped, sharp-pointed. Cones ovate-oblong ; scales obovate- ronndish, coriaceous, rigid, smooth on the margin. Crest of the anthers roundish, irregularly crenated. (Z). Don.) Leaves, in Koyle's specimen, and in the Horticul- tural Society's Garden, from ] in. to liin. in length. Cone, in Royle's figure, (J in. long, and 2^ in. broad ; scale l|^in. in length, and the same in l'J31. Lxxvii. coni'fer.e : ^^'bies. 1033 t I breadth at the widest part. Seeds about the size of those of the common spruce ; with the wing, |in. long, and fin. broad. A pyramidal drooping- branched tree. Himalayas, in Karaaon and Sirmore. Height 50 ft. Intro- duced in 1818. The tree has not yet flowered in England. Varieties. Dr. Rovle observes that the leaves in his figure ai e much narrower than those of A. Smithiana in Wallich's figure; and that the plants may probably be different species or varieties. Judging from the leaves, the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden appears to be Dr. Ro}le's tree. The rate of growth of this tree in British gardens is almost as rapid as that of the common spruce, to which it bears a very close resemblance, but the leaves are longer and paler. It is readily propagated by cuttings, and abundance of seeds havelately been imported. Some doul)tg having been expressed as to whether this plant is the A. Umithiann of Wallich (see Bot. Reg. for 1841), but none as to its being the P. Kliutroiv of Royle, we have in this edition preferred the latter name. § ii. Leaves jiat^ generalli/ glaucous beneath, imperfectly 2-rowed. D. Natives of North America. i 8. A. DouGL.\'s// Lindl. The trident-bracted, or Douglas's, Spruce Fir. Identification. Lindl. in Penn. Cvc, 1. p. 32. ; Plantfe Hartweg, No. 439. Synonymes. P. /axifftlia Ln7yib. Pin. ed. 2. 2. t. 47., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 640. ; A. California ' Hort. ; Pinus Douglksn Sabine MSS., Lamb. Pin. vol. 3. t. 90. ; the Nootka Fir, Smith in Rees's Cyc. No. 28. ^ . , Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 47., and vol 3. t. 90. ; the plate of this tree m Arb. Bnt., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our fig. 19:i2., from a specimen and sketch sent to us by Mr. M'Nab, jun., of the Caledonian Horticultural Society's Garden ; and omfig. 1933. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves flat, blunt, entire, pectinate, silvery beneath. Cones, ovate-oblong. Bracteas elongated, linear, 3-pointed. {D. Don.) Leaves from I in. to li in. long. Cones from 3f in. to 4 in. long, and 1 4 in. to If in. broad ; scales, without the bractea, li in. long, and the same broad ; with 14 in. Seed, with the wing, |-in. long, and in. in length, without the wing, Jin. long, and y\ in. broad. The seeds are about Cotyledons. '?. the bracte; broad the same size as those of Picea pectinata, but more oblong. A tall tree. North-west coast of North America, in forests. Height 100 ft. to 180 ft. Introduced in 18-26. It flowers in the climate of London in May, and its cones are matured in the June or July of the following year. Varieties. Cones of different sizes, and somewhat different in the shape and size of the scales, have been sent home by Hartweg and others ; because, doubtless, this s{)ecies of spruce is liable to vary as well as every other ; and the slightest variation in any species of plant which is comparatively rare is immediately constituted a named variety. Only one variety, that we have heard of, deserves notice. A. D. 2 taxifo/ia. — Stem and Douglasji they are always, when young, more or less in a zigzag direction, though they become eventually straight. Leaves twice the length of those of A. Dou- glasii, and of a much deeper green. Fig. 1932. is from a specimen and a sketch re- ceived from Mr. M'Nab, showing the foliage and manner of branching of A. DouglasK in the Caledonian Horticultural Society's Gar- den, and which corresponds exactly with the trees of this name in the Chiswick Garden side branches straight vhile in 19.i2. A. D. (aiirolia 1034 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1933. 1§ A. D. (axifolia. and at Dropmore. Fig. 1933. is from a sketch of the mode of ramification and of the foliage of a tree named A. /axifolia in the Edinb. Bot. Garden, raised from seeds received from the late Mr. Thos. Drummond, after the arctic expedition. It is, Mr. M' Nab observes, an upright- growing tree ; and, with its long and dark leaves, very distinct from all the speci- mens of A. DouglasH he had seen. A large conical tree, with a rugged greyish brown bark, from 6 in. to 9 in. thick, and abounding in balsamic resin. Leaves somewhat pectinate and spreading, narrow-linear, obtuse on the margin and apex, quite entire, flat ; dark green above, marked on the middle with a depressed line, and silvery beneath ; 1 in. long. The bark, in young trees, has its receptacles filled with a clear yellow resin, in the same manner as that of the balm of Gilead ; and the bark of old trees is said to make excellent fuel. The timber is heavy, firm, with few knots, about the same yellow colour as that of the yew, and not in the least liable to warp. The rate of growth of this tree, in the climate of London, appears to be nearly as great as that of the common spruce ; but, as it has a tendency to send out a profusion of side branches, it does not increase in height so much as it does in width and bushiness. ^ 9. A. Menzie^s// Douglas. Menzics's, or the ■warted-brancht'd. Spruce Fir. Identification. Doiigl. MS., Liudl., in Penn. Cyc, 1. p. VI. Synontjnie. Plnus Men- ziOs« Lamb. Pin. 3. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 89., and our fig. 1934. from Lambert, and the seeds from specimens in the Hor- ticultural Society's herbarium sent home by Douglas. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves acute, flat ; silvery be- neath, turned in every direction. Cones cylindri- cal ; scales scari- ous, gnawed on the margin. (79. Don.) Leaves 3^ in. long. Cones from 2J in. to 3 in. long, and from I in. to Ijin. broad; scales^ in. long, and f in. broad. Seed very small, scarcely J in. long ; with llie wing, § in. 'mi. .-i. srcM/iesn LXXVII. CONl'FERiE : ^^BIES. 1035 long. A tall tree. North of California. Height,?. Introduced in 1831. There are only small plants in British gardens. A tree with the general appearance of A. DouglasK. Branches and branchlets tubercleil. Buds ovate, acute, covered with resin. Leaves turned in every direction, resupinate from beini; twisted at the base, linear, mucronulate, in- curved ; silvery beneath, articulated with an elevated tubercle, very short, not more than 2 in. long, rigid, rather sharp-pointed, and very soon falling off the dried specimens. Cones pendulous, cylindrical, 3 in. long. Only a very few plants of A. Menzies/i were raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in the year 1832 ; so that the species is at present extremely rare in this country. Readily propagated by cuttings. 1 10. A. canade'nsis Michx. The Canada Pine^ or Hemlock Spruce Fir. Jdentification. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 185. Sijnonymcs. P. canadensis Lin. Sp. PI. 1421. ; P. americkna Di/ Roi Harhk. ed. Pott. 2. p. 151., Smitli in liees's Cyc. No. 29. ; P. //"bies araericSna Marsh. Arb. Amei: p. 103. Perusse, by the French in Canada ; Sapin du Canada, Fr. ; Schierlings Fichte, Ger. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 45. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl , 3. t. 149. ; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 82. f! 1. ; tlie plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1935. Sprc. Char, Sfc, Leaves solitary, flat, slightly denticulate, obtuse, two-ranked. Cones oval, terminal, pendent, naked, scarcely longer than the leaves. Leaves from fin. to ^'m. long, and -Vin- broad. Cones from f in. to iin. long, and | in. broad; scales round-oblong, iin. long, and iin. broad. Seed very small, scarcely -|- in. long ; and with tlie wing, fin. long. A tall tree in America, in England of middle size. Canada to Carolina, on the highest mountains. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. rarely 100 ft. Litroduced in 1736. It flowers in May and June, and its cones are matured in the June of the following year. 1935. A. canadensis. The hemlock spruce, in Europe, is a most elegant tree, from the symme- trical disposition of its branches, which droop gracefully at their exti-emities, ami its light, and yet tufted, foliage. When the tree is young, the branches are quite pendulous, and remarkably elegant. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is rather slow ; but plants, in 10 years, will attain the height of 6 or 8 feet; and, in 20 years, of 15 or 20 feet. The wood of the hem- lock spruce is less valuable than that of any other of the large resinous trees of North Am ;rica ; but the bark is inestimable^ in that country, for the pur- 1036 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. poses of the tanner. In England, the hemlock spruce forms one of the most ornamental of the fir family; being among needle-leaved evergreen trees what the weeping willow is among the willows. As it bears the knife, and is ex- tremely hardy, it might be employed as hedges ; for which purpose it is used in the American nurseries, along with the Thuja occidentalis. Seeds are annually imported, and even produced by old trees in this country. E. Native of Nepal. ? 1 1. J. DUMo\sA. The bushy vi/p«e Spruce Fir. Synonymes. Pinus duinfisa Lamb. Pin. ed. 2., 1. t. 4H. ; yj'bies Bxuno7U(ina Lindl. in Penn. Cyc. vol. i. No. 9. ; P decidua (('««. MS. ; P. Bruno»;(Jn« Wall. Plant As. rar. 3. p. 24. EngrttPings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 4fi. ; Wall. Plant As. rar., 3. t. 247. ; and our Jigs. 1930. and 1937. Spec. Char., 4"c. Leaves solitary, linear, obtuse, mostly on one side of the branches; glaucous beneath, denticu- lated. C!ones ovate, terminal, soli- tary ; bracteoles wedge-shaped, pH- cate, emarginate, glabrous. (Lamb.) Leaves |- in. long. Cones, scales, and seeds scarcely different from those of A. canadensis. A dense and very bushy tree, with the ap- pearance of A. canadensis. Nef)al. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introd. 1838. 1936. A. dumosa. 1937. A. dumosa. Ofher Species of A^bics. — A. MerfensiaiVd Borig. and A. sitchcnsi'! Bong, are mentioned by M. Bongard in his observations on the Island of Sitcha, on the west coast of North America, in N. lat. 57^", as indigenous there. The article is quoted in the Annates des Sciences Naturelles, 2d ser., torn. iii. p. 237. ; but no description is given. A. trigana, A. hetero-phylla, A. aromdticn, A. micropliylln, A. obliqiidta, and A.falcata are mentioned by Rafinesque as being found in the Oregon country ; but, as he gives no description of these trees, it is uncertain whether they belong to J'bies or Picea. The same observations ■will apply to A. hirtella Humboldt et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant, pi. 2. p. 5., of which nothing is known either of the flowers or cones ; to A. K(Bniifh\\ ?inA. A. ThunbtrgW, mentioned by Thunberg ; and to A, Morni, A. Toriino, and A. Araragi, enumerated by Sieboldt in Verhand. Batav. Genootsch., xii. p. 12., as quoted in Pen. Cyc. Genus III. ' FY C^ A D. Don. The Silver Fir. Linn. Syst. Monce'cia Monadelphia. Jdcntificnlion. D. Don MS. Synonymes. P\n\\% J.in. in part ; Plnus sect. Fe\Xi:e^ D. Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. vol. 2. ; ^^bies Link, Nees vim Escnbcch, and Lcdrhour ; //'bies Dii lioi, in part ; Sapin, Fr. ; Tannen, Ger. Derii'ntion. From ;)?.r, pitch ; the tree producing abundance of resin. Loiseleur Deslongchampa observes that the silver fir was callwl by the ancients Abies, and the spruce Picea ; and that Linnaeus has cre.ited much confusion by reversing the application of the names. He proposes, therefore, to call the silver fir /J'bies vera, and the spruce fir yJMiies Picea. (N. Dn Ham., v. 214. note.) Link has divided tlie spruces and silver firs into two genera, and given the classical names of Picea to the firi-t genus, and Wbies to the second (see Ahliand. Akad. der Wissenschaften, jahr 18i'7, p. I!i7.) ; and in this he has been followed by Nees von Esenbeck and Ledebour. We have followed Lambert and D. Don, as already stated under yJ'bies, p. 1025. Gen. Cliar. The same as in Pinus and J^bies, but differing in having the cones erect. Strobile cylindrical, with its carpels not thickened at the tip. Both carpels and bracteas separate from the axis of the strobile. The leaves are obviously 2-ranked in direction. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE: Pi'CEA. 1037 Leaves simple, 2-ranked, exstipulate, evergreen; linear. Flowers yellowish. — Trees, natives of Europe, Asia, and North America, generally in regions more temperate than those in which the species of spruce abound. Re- markable for the regularity and symmetry of their pyramidal heads ; readily distinguished from the genus yi'bies, by their leaves being more decidedlV in two rows ; by their cones being upright, anil having the scales deciduous ; and by the seeds being irregular in form. The nucleus of the seed is ex- posed at the inner angle, through a considerable opening in the outer testa, as if the jimction of the two sides had been ruptured by the rapid enlarge- ment of the nucleus. (D. Don.) In Britain, with the exception of P. pectinata, they are solely to be considered as ornamental trees. The species in British gardens may be thus arranged : — A. Natives of Europe, Siberia, and the North-west of Asia. 1. pectinata. 3. Pinsapo. 5. Pichta. 2. cephalonica. 4. Nordmann/a««[. B. Natives of North America. 6. balsamea. 7. Frasen'. C. Natives of CaUfornia. 8. grandis. 9. amabilis. 10. n6bilis. 11. bracteata. D. Natives of Mexico. 12. religiosa. 13. hirtella. E. Natives of Nepal. 14. Wehhidna. 16. Ptndrow. A. Natives of Europe, Siberia, and the North-west of Asia. 1 \. P. pectina'ta. The Comh-Wke-leaved Silver Fir. Synonymes. y^'bies of Pliny ; Pinns Picea Lin. Sp. PI. 1420. ; P. A^bies Du Hoi Harbl.-. ed. Pott, t. 2. p. 133. ; A^bies. alba Mill. Diet. No. 1. ; A. Taxi f61io Tourn. Inst. p. SS."}. ; A. vulgaris Puir. Diet. Encyc. 6. p. 514. ; A. pectinata Drc. Ft. Fr. 2. p. 275. ; A. /axif&lia Hurt. Par. ; A. Picea Lindl. in Penn. Cyc. No 1. ; A. excelsa Link Abliand., &c., jahr 1827, p. 182. ; Spanish lir ; Sapin commun, Sapin a Feuilles d'lf, Sapin blanc, Sapin arsrente. Sapin en Peigne, Sapin de Normandie, Fr. ; Weiss Tanne, Edeltanne, Ger. ; Abete argentino, Ital. Evaraiiiiigs. Lamb. Pin., ed, 2., 1. t. 40. ; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 82. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our Jig. 1939. of the natural size, aadjig. 1938. to our usual scale. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves solitary, flat, obtuse ; 2-ranked, with their points turned up. Cones axillary, cylindrical, erect ; scales with a long dorsal bractea. Anthers with a short crest, with two teeth. Buds short, egg- shaped, blunt ; of a reddish yellow, with from 16 to 20 blunt scales. Leaves from ^ in. to 1 in. long, stiflj turned up at the points; of a shining dark green above, and with two lines of silvery white on each side of the midrib beneath. Cones from 6 in. to Sin. long, and from 1^ in. to 2 in. broad ; cylindrical ; green when young, afterwards reddish, and when ripe brown. Scale iin. to Ijin. long, and l^in. broad. Seeds variously angular, |in. long, and .f^ in. broad. Cotyledons 5. A lofty tree. Central Europe, and the West and North of Asia ; rising on mountains to the commence- ment of the zone of the Scotch pine. Height 80 ft. to 100 ft., rarely 150 ft. Introduced in 1603. The blossoms appear in May, and the cones are ma- tured in the October of the following year. Varieties. 1 P. p. 2 forfuosa Booth. — Branches and branchlets remarkably twisted or crooked. 1 P. p. 3fd/iis variegdtis. — Leaves variegated. 1 P. p. '^ cinerea. Pinus Picea cinerea Baum. Cat. ed. 1835. — A low plant with greyish bark, not yet introduced. The silver fir is the noblest tree of its genus in appearance, and the only species worthy of cultivation in Britain for its timber. The rate of growth 1038 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of the tree is slow when young, but rapid after it has attained the age of 10 or 12 years. Cones with fertile seeds are seldom produced before the tree has attained its 40th year ; though cones without seeds often appear be- fore half that period has elapseil. The female catkins are often produced for years together, without any males ap- pearing on the same tree. Young trees are apt to lose their leaders l)y very severe spring frosts ; and, hence, we frequently find old silver firs with forked trunks and branchy iieads. The wood of the silver fir is elastic, and the 1938. P. pectinMa. colour is whitish. The grain is irre- gular, as the fibres which compose it are partly white and tender, and partly yellow, or fawn-coloured, and hard. The narrower the white lines are, the more beautiful and solid is the grain of the wood. The wood of a tree 80 years old weighs 66 lb. I-i oz. per cubic foot green, and 41 lb. 3 oz. when dry ; while that of a tree 40 years old weighs only 37 lb. 9 oz. when dry. It shrinks considerably in drying, like all white woods. It is used for planks and carpentry of all kinds, for the masts of small vessels, for joists and rafters, and for building the boats used for navigating rivers. It is said to endure a long time when used as piles, and to be much emplojed in Holland for that purpose. From the resin of this tree are manufactured Strasburg turpentine, colophony, and white pitch. The silver fir, like all the 1939. p.pociinMa. other ^bietinae, will attain a large size on soils of a very opiwsite description ; but a loam, rather rich and cieep than otherwise, appears to suit it best. The silver fir requires a low situation, comparatively with the spruce fir, not being nearly so hardy as that tree, either when in the nursery or full grown. The cones, which are produced in abun- dance in Britain, are apt to shed their seeds in spring ; they ou^ht to be gathered in October or November, and kept in a dry place till the sowing season. The Lxxvii. conTfer^ : pi'cea. io;39 seeds may be easily separated from them by a very slii;lit exposure to the sun, and then b}' thrashing them, witliout having recourse to the kiln. The seeds should be sown, according to Sang, in IMarch, and at such a distance as to allow the plants to ri^e I in. apart ; and the covering, he says, should be a full inch thick. When the plants are 2 years old, they may be transplanted into nursery lines ; and, after being 2 years in that situation, they may either be again transplanted in the nursery, to a greater distance apart, or removed to where they are finally to remain. t 2. P. (p.) CEPHALo'MCA. The Cephalonian Silver Fir. Identification. Gard. Mag., vol. xv. p. 238. Synunymes. yTbies cephalonica ^rft. ft-rt. 1st edit. p. 2.32.5. ; A. taxxihWa. Hoit.; /I. Luscombedna Hort. ; Koukounaria and Elatos, iti Cephalonia ; Mount Enos Fir. Engravings. Oucfigs. 1940. to 1944. Spec. Char., ^c. Cones erect. Leaves subulate, flat ; dark green above, and silvery beneath ; tapering from the base to the summit, which terminates in a sharp spine. Petioles very short, dilated lengthwise at the point of their attachment to the branches ; the dilated part of a muth lighter green than the rest of the leaf. Scales of the cones closely resembling those of P. pectinala. A tree. Cephalonia, on the Black IVIountain, the highest point of which is the Mount Enos a ^-^ 1940. P. (p.) rcphaldni.^n. of the ancients, between 4000 It. to 60 it. Introduced in ]8-i4. 1941. P. (p I ,e|,!,al(5nica. and 5000 ft. above the sea. Hei<'ht 50 ft. The bristle-pointed leaves and dilated petioles of young plants render the Ccpha'onian fir very distinct in appearance from the common silver fir, but we doubt V Dry much if it can be considered a different species ; it is, however, at all events, a marked and most beautiful variety. Fig. 1940. is a portrait of one of the branches of this tree, imported by H. L. Long, Esq., of Hampton Lodge, Surrey, to whom the seeds were first sent from Cephalonia by General J 040 ARBOIIETUM ET FRUTICEiUM BRITANNICUM. I9«. 1944- P. (p.) £e(inaioiuca. LXXVII. coni'ferjE: pi'cea. 1041 1946. P. (p.) cephaldnica. Sir C. J. Napier. Fig. 1942. is a cone of the natural size ; ^g. 19il. scales and seeds of the natural size ; 7%. 1944. terminal buds of the natural size ; and Jig. 1943. a seedling plant of the natural size just emerged from the soil. A 1945. p. (p.) cephaldnica. gj.g^^j quantity of cones have been lately imported, and this fir is now extensively distributed. 1 3. P. (p.) PIXSA^PO. The Pinsapo Silver Fir. Identificati07i. Gard. Mag., vol. xv. p. 109. Synonym.es. \J'bies Pinsapo Boissierin Bibl. Univ. de Geneve, t. 13. p. 406.; Mount Atlas Cedar, Dec. MS. Engravings. Our Jigs. Iil47. and 1D48. from scales and seeds received from M. Vilmorin ; and Jig. 194'j. from a young plant raised from one of these seeds. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves disposed around the branches, from 3 to 3 lines long, nearly terete, and entire at the apex. Cones ovate, with the bracts concealed by the scales or carpels, and much shorter than these are. (^Bois.) 1947. P. (p.) Pinsiipo. A tree. Sierra de la Nieve, and on other mountains be- tween Konda and Malaga, 3500 ft. above the level of the sea. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1839, by seeds, which have been extensively distributed. (Gard. Mag.) .Apparently a variety of the common silver fir. 3 X p. (p.) Pinsdpo. 1949. 1042 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. i 4. P. (p.) NoRDMANN/^'A^^. Nordmann's Silver Fir. Sfinonymes. Pinus Nordmannm?2fl! Stev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mos. 1838, Gard. Mag. 1839 p. 226. 'berivniinn. Named in honour of Professor Nordmann bt Odessa, who discovered it on tiie summit of Adshar. Engravings. Bull. Soc, &c., 1. c. ; Gard. Mag., 1. c, fig. 43. ; and our^o'. 1950. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves solitary, curved upwards, of unequal lenjith. Stro- biles erect, ovate ; scales very obtuse ; bracts cuneate, with the apex re- flexed, obcordate, lona;-nmcronate, incumbent on the lower scale. (^Sltvev.) An evergreen tree. North of Asia, on the summit of Adshar, above Guriel, towards the sources of the Kur, on the banks of the Nataneb, at the height of 6000 ft. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft., with a trunk 3 ft. in diameter, and a smooth bark. Probably a variety of the silver fir. Not yet introduced. 1950. J^, Nordmanniihij. LXXVJI. CONIFERiE: PI CEA, 1043 This is said to be a finer tree than the common silver fir, fi-om its silvery leaves and abundant strobiles. The branches are dense, about 2 in., scarcely ever 3 in., thick, and regularly disposed ; the lower horizontal, the upper springing at a more acute angle. At from 14- to 17 years old the tree begins to bear fruit at top. When full-grown, the whole crown is covered, from a fourth part of its height, with large, conical, erect strobiles, solitary or in twos or threes, and coated over witii a resinous exudation. The seeds ripen about the end of September, when they immediately fall off with the scales, the axis often remaining for the whole year. The wood is harder than that of the common silver fir. The male catkins have not been seen. The female strobiles are sessile, or on very short peduncles, erect, 5 in. long, and 2h in. in diameter. Rachis 2 or 3 lines thick, gradually attenuated, ligneous, rough with tubercles spirally disposed for the insertion of the scales. There are 12 or 13 of these spiral lines, each containing 8 tubercles in its circumvolution, making a total of about 100 florets, or 200 seeds, in each strobile. Scales closely adpressed ; superior (Jig. 1950. a, c) cup-shaped, narrow at the base for about 2 lines in length, then suddenly dilated into a lamina, at first straight and of 3 lines broad, afterwards greatly expanded, somewhat recurved, and nearly U in. in breadth, which is also the length of the scale itself; inferior (^g. 1950. b, d) much shorter, lamina with a subreniform base, triangularly crenate. Lateral margins of the lamina eroded, dentate, upper entire ; inner surface slightly keeled, outer smooth. Bract adnate to the narrow base of the scale, then free, about a line broad at the middle, spreading by degrees into a lamina, rarely ovate, often cordate, reflexed at the apex, and incumbent on the lowe scale; mucro \h line long ; lamina equal to the scale in length. Nuts two, trian- gular ovate, I^ line long, above a little broader, smooth. Wing obliquely ex- panded b}' degrees to ^ in. in length and breadth, membranous ; inner margin straight, and close to the other wing {fig. 1951. c). This species is suf^ciently distinguished from Picea balsamea and P. sibirica by the size of the strobile, and long reflexed point of the bractea ; and it differs still more from Picea pecti- nata, in the shape of the bract, and its upward curved lines. i 5. P. (p.) Pi'CHTA. The Pitch Silver Fir. Synnnymes. Pinus P'lchta Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; P. sibirica Ucrt. ; J'bies sibirica Lede- bour Icon. PI. H. Ross. t. 499., Li'niil. in Penny Cyc, No. 2. ; A. Pichta Fischer ; Picbta, Russ. Engravings. Led. Icon. PI. Fl. Ross., t. 499. ; and our fig. 1951 . Spec. Char., S,-c. Leaves solitary, tetragonal, dark green. Cones cylindrical, erect. Scales cuneate- obovate, rounded at the apex, quite entire, convex externally. A tree of the middle size. Altai Mountains, at an elevation of 4000 ft., where it forms whole 3x 2 1951. P.{^.)P(chta. 1044 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. forests ; towards an elevation of 5272 ft., it gradually becomes more rare. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1820. It differs from a silver fir chiefly in having the leaves closer set on the branches, and not so silvery beneath. Professor Don suspects it to be only the Siberian variety of Picea pectinata, which ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific. B. Natives of North America. J 6. P. balsa'mea. The Balm of Gilead, or American, Silver Fir. Synonymes. Pinus balsimea Lin. Sp. PL 1421. ; P. jsCSN ^'bies balsamea Marsh. Arb. Amer. p. 102. yJ'bies Taxi fblio, &c., Hort. Angl. 2 p. 2. ; A. l)alsaminea N. Dti Ham. 5. p. 295. ; A. balsamifera Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 191. ; Balsam Fir ; le Baume de Gilead, le Sapin Baumier de Gilead, Fr. ; Balsam Fichte, Balsam Tanne, Ger. ; Pino balsamifero, Ital. Engravmgs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 41. f. 2. ; Mich. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 1.50. ; and our Jig. 1954. to our usual scale; Had figs. 1952. and 1953. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves solitary, silvery beneath, apex emarginate or entire ; somewhat recurved, and spreading. Cones cylindrical, violet-coloured ; and pointing upwards. (Michx.) Leaves f in, long. Cones 4 in. to 4iin. long, and i in. broad ; scales from |.in. to § in. broad, and § in. long. Seed, with the wing, f in. long, and f in. broad. Seed very small, irregular; about half the size of that of the com- mon silver fir. Co- tyledons, ? A tree. Canada, Nova Scotia, New England, and on the Alleghany mountains, in high and cold situations. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., rarely 40 ft. Introduced in 1696. Flow- ering in May, and ripening its cones in the autumn following. Varieti/, f V. b. 2 longifo/ia Booth. — Leaves longer than in the species, with the branches somewhat more upright. A jiyramidal tree, I953. p. baishmea. in general appear- ^ ance resembling the silver fir of Europe ; but seldom found, even in America, above 20 or 30 feet in height, and not of more than the same number of years in duration. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is rather more rapid than that of the silver fir, the tree attaining the height of 10^ ft. in as many years, and arriving at maturity in 20 or 25 years' ; soon after which it dies. Seeds are generally 1954. p. balsamea. imported, and cones are sometimes ripened in this country. ? 7. P. (b.) Fra'ser/. Eraser's, or the double Balsam, Silver Fir. Synonymes. Pinus Friser? Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 639., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. I. t. 42. ; yl'biei FrSseri Lindl. in Penny Cyc, No. -5. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 42. ; and our figs. 195G, 1957. 1952. P. balsimea. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE: Pi'CEA. 1045 Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves linear, emarginate, silvery beneath. Cones oblong, squarrose, Bracteoles somewhat leaty, obcordate, mucronate, half-exserted, reflexed. (Don.) A tree so closely resembling the preceding kind, that it is unnecessary to describe it. Pursli found it on high mountains in Carolina, re- sembling, he says, P. bal- samea in several respects, 1955. P. Fraseri. 1956. P. Fihseii. but differing, at first sight, in being a smaller tree, the leaves shorter and more erect, and the cones not one fourth the size. Introduced in 1811. The original tree is in the Hammersmith Nursery, where, in 1837, it was \o ft. high, and had, for two or three years, produced cones, but no male catkins. This last circum- stance has given rise to the idea that the male and female are produced by different trees, which is exceedingly improbable. Propagated by cuttings. C. Natives of California, 1 8. P. gra'ndis. The great Silver Fir. Synnmjmes. Pinus gr^mdis Dovgl. MS. Lamb. Pin. 3. t. 94. ; J^bies grandis Lindl. in Penny Cycl. No. 3. ; the great Californian Fir. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 94. ; our fig. 1959. from Lambert's Pinus, vol. iii. ; and figs. V.^hl. and 19.'>8. from Douglas's specimens in the herbarium of the Horticultural Society, and from the tree in the gar en. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves flat, obtuse, emargi- nate, pectinate, silvery beneath. Cones cylindrical ; bracteoles ovate, acuminate, ir- regularly dentate, very short. (Z). Don.) Leaves from f in. to 1 in. long. Cones, 1957. P. Rrandis. according to Lambert, 6i in. long, and 3^ in. broad ; but in Doughis's specimens the largest cones are only 3i in. long, and 2 in. broad, the others being much smaller. Scale f in. long, and f in. broad. Seed small ; with 3x3 19SS. P. grandis. 1046 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the in. long, and fin. broad. A noble tree. NorthernCalifornia, in low moist valleys, where it attains the height of 200 ft. Introduced in 1831, and as yet rare in England. A noble tree, akin to P. balsamea, with a brown bark. Leaves pectinate and spreading, linear, roundish at the apex, emarginate, callous on the margin, quite entire ; green and shining above, silvery beneath, somewhat dilated to- wards the apex ; 1 in. long. Cones lateral, solitary, cylindrical, obtuse, very similar to those of P. Cedrus, but larger, 6 in. long, of a chestnut-brown colour. Scales transverse, very broad, lamelli- forni, deciduous, stalked, incurved on the margin, much shorter than the scales. Seeds oblong, with a coriaceous testa, and a very broad wing. 1959. p. grandis. t 9. P. ama'bilis. The lovely Silver Fir. Synonyme. i'lnus amSbilis Douglas MS'. Ensravinixs. Our figs. 1960, 1961. from Douglas's specimens in the herbarium of tlie Hort. Soc. Specl Char., Sfc. Leaves flat, obtuse, entire. Cones cy- lindrical ; bracteoles very short, pointed. Scales tri- anguhir; the upper margin rounded, entire. Leaves, on Douglas's specimen, ]i in. long; and on the young plant in the Horti- cultural Society's Garden, I960. P. am il.ilis. i in. long. Cones G in. long, and 2i in. broad. Scales li in, broad, and about l^in. long. Seed, with the wing, I in. long ; 1961. P. am.lhilis. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE: Pi'cEA. 1047 wing f in. broad. The cone in Douglas's specimen is about twice as large as those sent home by him of P. grandis, and the leaves are entire, instead of being emarginate ; but, in other respects, we have been quite unable to discover any difference, either between the dried specimens or the young plants, worthy of being considered specific. The cones were sent home by Douglas in 1831, without any further information than the name. As theie are young plants in the Chiswick (iarden, all that is here said must be considered as provisional, till these plants have shown some characteristic features by which they may be either distinguished from, or associated with, other species. t 10. P. no'bilis. The noble, or large-hr acted. Silver Fir. Synonymes. Plnus n6bilis Doug. MS., jMmb. Fin. 2. last fig. ; A. nobilis Lindl. in Penny Cyc. No. 5 Engravings. Lamb. Pin. Icon. ; and our Jigs. 19G2. herbarium of the Horticultural Society. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves mostly on one side of the branches, falcate, short, acute, silvery beneath. Cones cyhndrical; the and 1963., from Douglas's specimens in the late, gnawed. and imbricated backwards. (Z). Don.) Leaves If in. long. Cone 6iin. long, sessile ; 2| in. broad. Scale triangular; with- out the bractea, li in. long, and the same in breadth; bractea fin. long. Seed small, irregular; with the wing, 1^ in. in length. Wing fin. broad in the widest part. Cotyle- dons, ?. A majestic tree. Northern Cali- fornia, forming vast forests on the mountains. Height, ?. In- troduced in 1831, and very rare in British gardens. Leaves crowd- ed, 2-rowed,linear, 1962. /■. ndbilis. 3x4 1048 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. falcate, for the most part acute, compressed trigonal ; flat above, marked with a depressed line ; silvery beneath ; scarcely 1 in. long. Cones solitary, lateral, cylindrical, thick, brownish ; 6 in. to 7 in. long, and 8 in. to 9 in. in circumference ; scales lamellit'orm, stipulate, co- piously covered with minute down ; incurved, and quite entire on the margin. Bracteoles much exserted,spathulate,adpressed backwards, imbricated ; laminae dilated, membranaceous ; points elongated, awl-shaped, rigid. Seeds oblong, with a coriaceous testa ; wing broad, axe-shaped, thinly membranaceous, pale-co- loured ; nearly allied to P. Friisen", but with cones five times as large. {Lamb.) According to Douglas {Comp. Bot. Mag., ii. p. 147.), this is a majestic tree, forming vast forests upon the mountains of Northern California, and producing timber of excellent quality. " I spent three weeks in a forest composed of this tree," he says, " and, day by day, could not cease to admire it." t 11. P, BRACTEA*TA. The /eaj5/-bracted Silver Fir. Synonymes. Plnus bracte^ta D. Don in Lin. Trans. 17. p. 443., Lamb. Fin. 3. ; P. venusta DoitgL in Cump. to Bot. Mag. 2. p. 152. 1963. P. ndbilis. 1964. /'. bracteita. Lxxvii. coni'fer-s : pi'cea. 1049 Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 91. ; and our^. 1964. from Lambert. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves 2-rovve(J, linear, mucronate, flat, silvery beneath. Cones ovate. Bracteoles 3-lobed ; the middle division very long, leaf-like, recurved. {D. Don.) Cones 4 in. long. Bractea nearly "2 in. long. Leaves 2 in. long. A large tree. California. Height 121 ft. Discovered by Douglas in 1832, and about the same period by Dr. Coulter, but not yet introduced. The trunk rises to the height of 120 ft. ; is very slender, not exceeding 2 ft. in circumference ; and as straight as an arrow. The upper third of the tree is clothed with branches, giving it the appearance of an elongated pyramid. The branches are spreading ; the lower ones are decumbent. The bracteas are low and recurved, and but little changed from the ordinary leaves, which gives the cones a singular appearance. When on the tree, being in great clusters, and at a great height withal, the cones resemble the inflorescence of a Banksia. D. Katives of Mexico. 9 12. P. RELiGio'sA. The sacred Mexican Silver Fir. Stjnonyme. Pinus religi6sa Bumb. et Kunl/i Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. 2. p. 5., Schiede et Deppe in Schlecht. hinniea 5. p. 77. Lamb. Pin. I. t. 43. ; y^Hnes religi- i)sa Lindl. in Penny Cyc. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 43., and vol. 3. t 95. ; and nur figs. 1965. to 1967. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves linear, acute, quite entire, somewhat pectinate. Cones roundish- oval ; scales trapezoideo-cor- date, lamelliform ; bracteoles the length of the scales, spathu- late-oblong, sharply dentato- serrate ; wings of the seed plicate. (-D. Don.) Leaves li in. long. Cones 2|in. long, and 2h in. broad. Seed small and irregular. Cotyledons, ?. A tall tree. Mexico, on the mountains of Anganguco, at 8000 or 9000 feet above the sea. 1965. P. religiosa. Height 100 ft. to 150 ft., with a trunk 5 ft 1966. P. rcliciisa. 1050 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1967. P- religiosa. to 6 ft. in diameter. Introduced in 1839, by seeds sent to the Horticul- tural Society by Hartweg. Easily recognised from every other species of silver fir by the shortness of its cones, which, in form and structure, bear a marked resemblance to those of the cedar of Lebanon, although they are considerably smaller. From the elevated situation on which the tree grows, there can be little doubt of its proving perfectly hardy in Britain. I 13. P. hirte'lla. The hairy Pine. This species, which is the y^Hiies hirtella Lindl. in Penn. Cyc. No. 1 1 ., Pinus hirtella Humh. et Knnth 1. c.. has the yoimg branches covered with hairs. Leaves arranged in 2 rows, flat, acute, glaucous beneath : about Ijin. long. Lxxvii. coni'ferve: pi'cea. 1051 Flowers and cones unknown, vation of SOOO or 9000 feet, introduced. Found on the mountains of Mexico, at an e!e- A low tree, from 18 ft. to 20 ft. high; not yet E. Natives of Nepal, i. M. P. Webb/^\v^. WebWs jnirple-coned Silver Fir. Synonymes. Pinus Webbiuwn Wall, in Litt., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. 2. t. 44. ; P. spectabilis Lnmh. Monog. 2. p. 3. t 2. ; >4'bies Wehhiana Lindl. in Penn. Cyc. No. 7., Royle lUust. ; Chilrow, and the Oonum. or purple-coned fir, in the Himalayas. Engiavi7igs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 44. ; Monog., 2. t. 2. ; and our Jigs. 1968. and 1969. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves 2-rowed, linear, flat, obtusely emarginate, silvery beneath. Cones cylindrical ; scales kidney-shaped, roundish ; bracteoles oblong, apiculate. {D. Don.) Buds round, pointless, thickly covered with a yellow resin, by which alone the tree may be readily distinguished from every other species of Picea. Cones from 6i in. to 7 in. long, and above 2 in. broad. Leaves of young plants, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, from 1^ in. to 2\ in. long. Scale above 1 in. long, and li in. broad. Seeds, with the wMng, J in. long ; wing I in. broad in the widest part. Seeds .^ in. long, and -i=\in. broad. In general they are smaller, but longer, and with a sharper point, than those of the common silver fir; and, like the seeds of the common silver fir, they are of a brownish purple colour. 19G8. P. WebbiVma. Cotyledons, ?. A large, hand- some, pyramidal tree. Nepal, on the Alps of Gossainthan. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft., with a trunk from 3 ft. to 4 ft. in diameter near the base. In- troduced in 1822. Cones purple, in one or two in- stances produced in England. Branches numerous, spread- ing horizontally, much divided ; densely clothed with leaves dis- posed in whorls ; covered with a pale, ash-coloured, rough, scaly bark ; bent upwards at 1969. P. Webbiana. 1052 ARRORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the apex. Wood compact, whitish rose-colour. The plant, in the climate of England, appears rather more tender than the silver fir ; being liable, from its vegetating very early in spring, to have its leading shoots pinched bv the frost. After a series of years, however, and propagation from seeds ripened in this country, it will, in ail probability, accommodate itself in a considerable degree to the peculiarities of our climate. When once the tree begins to bear cones, they may be fecundated with the male blossoms of the common silver fir, and thus a hybrid produced somewhat hardier than the female parent. i 15. P. Pi'ndroW. The Pindrow, or Tooth-leaved, Silver Fir. Synonymes. Plnus Pindrow Royle III. t. 80., Lamb. Pin. 3. t. 92. ; Taxus Lambertmraa Wall. Cat. : Pindrow, and sometimes Morinda, in the Himalayas. Engravings. Royle 111., t. 86. ; Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 92. ; our figs. 1970. and 1971. from Royle. 1970. P. Pimdrow. LXXVII. CONIFERiE : Z,A RIX. 1053 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves 2-rowed, linear, flat, of the same colour on both sides ; shai'ply 2-toothed at the apex. Crest of the anthers 2-horncd. Cones oval ; scales trapezoideo-cordate ; bracteoles roundish, emarginate, irregularly crenulate. {D. Don.) Leaves 3 in. long. Cone 4J in. long, 3A in. broad, of an intense purple. A large tree. Kamaon. Height 80 ft. to ] 00 ft. Intro- duced in 1837. Professor Don observes that P Pindroiu is liable to be confounded with P. Webb;a«a ; but that the former is readily distinguished from the latter by its longer and acutely bidented leaves, of nearly the same colour on both surfaces ; and by its shorter and thicker cones, with trapezoid-formed scales, and rounded notched bracteoles. 1971. p. ptndrow. 1 1 6. P. na'ptha Hort. The Naptha Pine. Plants were raised in Knight's Nursery in IS-tO. Closely resembles P. cephalonica, but is without the twist in the petioles of the leaves. Genus IV. ¥ F f LAHIK Town. The Larch. Lin. Si/.tt. Monoe^cia Monadelphia. 586. ; Bauh. Pin., 493. ; Bellnn. Arh. Conif., p. 23. 25. and others ; .li^bies Rich. ; Meleze, Fr. ; Lerchenbaum, Ger. ; Larice Identification. Tourn. Inst Synonyntes. Pinus of Lin Ital. Derivation. From lar, fat, Celtic ; the tree producing abundance of resin. Gen. Char. The same as in Ahies ; but with the cones ovate-conical, erect, and the carpels and bracteas adherent to the axis. Leaves annual, and dis- posed in groups. Leaves simple, in alternate fascicles, exstipulate, deciduous; linear. Flowers reddish or yellowish. — Trees deciduous, some of them of large dimensions ; natives of the mountainous regions of Europe, the West of Asia, and of North America ; hishly valued for the great durability of their timber. The conmion larch is found extensively on the alpine districts of the South of Germany, Switzerland, Sardinia, and Italy ; but not on the Pyrenees, nor in Spain. The Russian larch {L. e. sibirica) is found throughout the greater part of Russia and Siberia, where it forms a tree generally inferior in size to L. europae'a. The black, or weeping, larch {L. americana pen- dula) is a slender tree, found in the central districts of the United States ; and the red larch (L. amiricana riibra), also a slender tree, is found in Lower Canada and Labrador. Li Britain, all the species are ornamental ; but the first is the only one at all deserving of culture as a timber tree. 1 \. L. EUROP.a:'A Dec. The European, or common. Larch. Identification. De Cand. Fl. Fr., Ko. 2064. Synonymes. Pinus iirlx Lin. Sp. PI. 1420. ; yl^bies Lin Hort. Cliffy 450. ; iarix decidua Mill. Diet. No. 1. ; Larix fblio deciduo, &c. Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 2G5. ; iarix Bauh. Pin. p. 493. ; y4'bies Xarix }.am. lllttst. t. 785. f. 2. ; Meleze commune, Fr. ; Lorche, Lorcher-Fichte, gemeiner Ler- chenbaum, Terbentinbaum, Europaische Ceder, weisser Lerchenbaum, Ger. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 79., f. 1. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 48 ; the plates of this tree in Atb. Brit, 1st edit , vol. viii. ; and our^i,'. 1972. 1054 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves fascicled, deciduous. Cones ovate-oblong ; Leaves scales linear. Spec. Char., SfC. reflexed at the margin, lacerate ; bracteoles panduriforni soft, 1 in. long, Cone from 1 in. to li in. long, erect. A tall, pyramidal, deciduous tree. Alps of tiie South of Europe. Height 80 ft. to 100 ft. In cultivation in Britain since 1629. Flowering in March or April ; and ripen- ing its cones in the autumn of the same year. Varieties. All the larches in cultivation are, probably, only different forms of the same species ; but, as the American larches, which have small fruit, come tolerably true from seed, we shall treat them as one species, and the European larch as another. The latter is characterised by large cones, rapid growth, and robust habit ; and the former by small cones, slow growth, and slender habit, t \u. e. \ communis Laws. Man. p. 386. — Branches " aspiring towards their points ; branchlets very numerous, and forming a dense conical or pyramidal top; foliage of a light grassy or vivid green ; and bark rather more rugged than that of L. e. 2 laxa." ^ L. e. 2 Idxa Laws. 1. c. — " True specimens of this variety may easily 1)6 distinguished from the others when in nursery rows, by their more rapid growth, more horizontal and less crowded branches, and by the darker green, or somewhat glaucous, colour of the foliaue." 1 L. e. 3 compdcta Lavvs. 1. c. — " In habit of growth, the tree is conical- or pyramidal, like tlie common larch ; but its branches are very brittle, or easily broken from the trunk : numerous, horizontal, or slightly bent down near the base ; aspiring afterwards, and the larger ones are finally erect towards the point, with pretty regularly verticillate branchlets ; towards the centre of the tree, however, these are pen- dulous, and remarkably thickly interwoven with one another." If L. e. 4 femlula Laws. 1. c. — " Distinguished by the very pendulous hal)it of its branches, which somewhat resemble those of h. ameri- cana pcndula ; from which, however, it differs in the greater leni;th of its leaves, and the larger size of its cones." A native of the Ty- rolese Alps. — L. e. pendiila Godsdlln Gard. Mag. vol. xv. p. 549., and the figure there given, is a suli-variety ; or, more probably, identi- cal with this variety. It was selected by Mr. Godsall from a bed of seedlings of the common larch. — L. e. rcpens Laws. 1. c. is another sub-variety. The branches spread along the ground to a great dis- tance. A tree at Henham Hall, Suffolk, planted about 1800, at the height of 8 ft. sends out its branches horizontally, and these, being supported, extend north and south over a covered way more than soft, in length, and 16 ft. in width. Another branch extends to the west about 8 ft. ; and on the east the branches droop to the ground and form a perfect curtain, as tliey do also on the west side. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xv. p. 626.) 3f L. e. 5 Jlore ritbro Hort. Trans, iv. p. 416. — The flowers vary in shade of red or pink, and some of them are more or less mixed with yellow. The cones are also red, or reddish yellow. The majority of the trees in the Duke of Athol's plantations at Dunkeld and Blair have red flowers. i L. e. 6 Jidre dlbo. Larch from the Tyrol, with white Flowers, Hort. Trans. I. c. — The leaves of this variety are not different from those of the common larch ; but the shoots are said to be much stronger ; and the cones wl)ite, as well as the flowers. 3! L. e. 7 sibirica. L. sibirica Fisc/i. ; 'i L. archangelica Lairs. jMan. p. 389. ; L. rossica Snb. in Hort. Soc, Gard. ; Pinus L. sibirica Lodd. Cat.; the Russian Larch, Hort. Tra?2s. iv. p. 416. — There are trees of this variety in the Duke of Athol's plantations, raised from seeds prociu-ed from Archangel in 1806. The appearance of the tree is said to be coarser than that of L. e. communis. It is of much slower growth than the larches of the Tyrol ; and the leaves LXXVII. CONIFER^: iA RIX. 1055 come out so early in spring, that they are liable to be injured by frost. The female catkins do not expand their flowers till some time after those of the European larch appear. The cones are iike those of the American larch. ^ t h. e. S dahurica. L. dahurica Lairs. Man. p. 389. — Said to be a stunted, bushy, and irregular-growing tree. Dahuria. Introduced in 1827. Generally propagated by cuttings or layers. Y h. 9 intermedia, i. intermedia Laws. M. p. 389. ; Pinus intermedia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Altaian Larch. — A very strong luxuriant habit of growth, with pendulous branches, and very large leaves. Introduced in 1816, or before. Lod. Other Varieties. L. Frdseri Covip. Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. SO'l. was disco- vered and introduced by J. Fraser and his son, between 1785 and 1817 ; but it is apparently lost. The wood of the larch is compact, and of a reddish or brown tinge; and, on favourable soils, is said to be fit for every useful purpose in 40 years' growth ; while that of the pinaster requires 60 years, and the Scotch pine 80 years. The greatest drawback to the wood of the larch is its liability to warp. The rate of growth of the larch, in the climate of London, is" from 20 ft. to 25 ft. in 10 1972. L. eurcjJiE^a. years from the seed; and nearly. as great on the declivities of hills and mountains in the Highlands of Scotland. In the course of 50 years, the tree will attain the height of 80 ft. or upwards ; and, in its native habitats, ac- cording to Willdenow, it lives from 150 to 200 years. The wood, according to Hartig, weighs 68 lb. 13 oz. per cubic foot when green, and 36 lb. 6 oz. when dry ; and, according to Kasthoffer, it lasts four times longer than that of an}' other species of Jbietina?. Though the wood of the larch ignites with difficulty, and a fire made of it will, if not attended to, extinguish itself before the wood is half-consumed, yet, if properly managed, the wood of old trees is capable of producing an intense heat. The charcoal is more rich in carbon than that of the spruce or the silver fir, but less so than that of pine or beech. It is very heavy, and weighs 16^- lb. per cubic foot ; it is said to be excellent for iron founderies. The bark of young larches is astringent, and it is used in the Alps for tanning leather; where the leaves and 30ung shoots are sopie- tinies given to cattle. The resinous products of the larch are, Venice turpen- tine, and the manna de Brian^on; and both are used in the state in which they are procured from the tree. To obtain the turpentine, trees are chosen 1056 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. which are neither too yoiing nor too old ; and auger holes are made in dif- ferent parts of the trunk, from which the turpentine flows through slender tubes or gutters to a bucket at the bottom of the tree. The manna is collected from the young shoots and leaves. The larch will grow rapidly upon almost any soil, and in any situation, for the first 20 or 30 years ; but it is only in a clear dry atmosphere, on a cold-bottomed soil, somewhat moist on the surface, that its timber is brouglit to perfection. In plains, and near the sea, it grows rapidly for 30 or 35 years ; but, when felled in such situations, the wood is found rotten at the heart, and unfit for any purpose except fuel. This decay of the wood is much aggravated when the larches are planted thick, so as to expose but a small portion of their foliage to the sun, and to retain among their lower branches an atmosphere surcharged with moisture. The larch will grow, and become valuable timber, at a much greater elevation above the sea than the Scotch pine, thriving at the height of 1800 ft. in the Highlands, where the Scotch pine does not attain a timber size at a greater elevation than 900 ft. In Switzerland, Kasthoffer inform us, it is found in the highest perfection in soil composed of the debris of calcareous rocks, as well as in granitic, argillaceous, and schistose soils. An immense mass of valuable matter on the culture and uses of tiie larch, with a detailed account of the Duke of Athol's plantations in the Highlands of Scotland, will be found in our 1st edition, vol. iv. p. 2333. to 2399. S 2. L. AMERiCA^NA Michx. The American Larch. Identification. Michx. N. Anier Syl., 3. p. 213 Synotiymes. Plnus /aiicina Du Roi Htirblc. ed. Pott. 9. p. 1 17. ; P. microcarpa Willd, Baum. p. 275. ; >4'bies microc&rpa Poir. \ Hackmatack, Ainer. ; Tamarack, by the Dutch in Kew Jersey ; E'pi- nette rouge, in Canada. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 153. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 50. ; tlie plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1973. Spec. Char., Sfc, Leaves from J Leaves short. Cones small, ovate-roundish, with few scales. in. to J in. long. Cones from ^ in. to J in. long, and from 1^ in. to f in. broad. A deciduous tree, with a slender trunk. North Ame- rica, Newfoundland to Virginia. Height 80 ft. to 100 ft. Introduced in 1739, Flowers red or yellow. Cones small, brown, or brownish red ; May. Varieties. None of the forms of this species can be at all compared with the European larch, in point of utility, or even ornament. H L. a. 1 rubra. L- microcarpa Laws. Man. p. .388. ; Pinus microcarpa Piirsh Fl. Amer. Sept. p. 645., Lodd. Cat. ; E'pinette rouge, Canada. — Tree medium-sized, upright, of a slender, conical, or pyramidal habit of growth, but not so much so as in L. a. pendula. Branches horizontal, or slightly pendulous, except the upper, which are rather aspiring ; branchlets also pendulous, and, together with the branches, more numerous and dense than those of L. a. pendula. The wood is so ponderous that it will scarcely swilm in water. 2 L. a. 2 pendula. L. pendula Laws. Man. p. 387. ; Pinus pendula Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. iii. p. 369.; P. intermedia Du Roi Harbk. ii. p. 1 15. ; P. iarix nigra Marsh. Arb. Amer. p. 203. ; A^h\e& pendula Poir. Diet. p. 514. ; Tamarack, Amer. — A tree of medium size, slender, and generallj' bending towards the top. Branches verti- cillate, few, remote, and pendulous ; branchlets also thin, and more pendulous than the branches. Bark smooth, and very dark-coloured ; that on the youngest twigs of a dark purplish colour, inclining to grey. Leaves like those of the common larch in shape, but rather longer, ilarker in colour, and arising irom shorter and much darker- coloured buds or sheaths. t L. a. 3 J] ro lifer a. L. proHfera Malcolm. — In this variety, the axis of the cones is prolonged in the form of a shoot ; a kind of monstrosity or morphology which is found in all the varieties of L. americana, and also, occasionally, in some species of ^i bics and Picea. Michaux describes the American larch as a tall slender tree, with a trunk LXXVII. CONl'FERiE CE^DRUS. 1057 / v; 197 I., americana. 80 or 100 feet high, and only 2 or 3 feet in diameter. Its numerous branches, except near the summit, are horizontal or declining. The bark is smooth and shining on the trunk and larger branches, but rugged on the smaller branches. The leaves are flexible, and shorter than those of the European species. The cones are small and erect ; green in spring, and generally brown when ripe, but sometimes they are found of a violet colour. The wood, Michaux says, is equal to that of the European larch, being exceedingly strong, and singularly durable. In Britain, it can only be considered as a curious or ornamental tree. Seeds are sometimes ripened in this country, and are also sometimes imported ; in consequence of which, both varieties are not uncommon in the nurseries. Genus V. CE^DRUS Barrel. The Cedar. Lm. Syst. Monoe'cia Monad ^Iphia. Identification. Barrelier, PlantcE per Galliam, &c., observatae, kc. Ic, 499. Synonynies. Pinus Lin. in part ; ^^bies Fuir. in part ; iarix Tuurn. in part ; Cdclre, Fr. ; Ceder, Ger. ; Cedro, Ital. Derivation. Some suppose the word Cedrus to be derived from Cedron, a brook in Judea, on the banks of which the cedar of Lebanon was once plentiful : others from kaio, I burn ; from the wood of some of the kinds of cedar being burned as Incense : and others, from the Arabic kedrouin, or kidre, power Gen. Char. The same as in Larix ; but with the carpels separating from the axis, and the leaves evergreen. Cones erect, large, solitary. Anthers crowned by an elliptical scabrous crest. Carpels coriaceous, compressed, deciduous. Leaves simple, in alternate fascicles, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear. i^/ozi^CT-s yellowish, powdery. — Trees majestic in form, and evergreen ; na- tives of Asia and Africa, with lar^e spreading branches. Extremely orna- mental, and one species producing excellent timber. 1 \. C. LiBA^Ni -Sffrr. The Cedar of Lebanon. Identification. Barrel. Ic, 499. ; Edw. Ornith., t. 188. Synonymes. Pinus Cedrus Lin. Sp. PI. 1420. ; P. f61iis fasciculatis, &c. Du lioi Harbk. ed. Pott. 2. p. 120. ; iarix t'edrus Mill. Did. No. 3. ; iarix orientalis Tourn. Ins. p. 5sr>. ; (ddrus magna Dod. Pcmpt. 867. ; C. conifera Batih. Pin. p. 490. ; C. phoenicea Eenealm. Sp. p. 47. ; Cedrus Bell. It. p. 162. ; A^bies Cfedrus Pair. Diet. Encyc. 6. p. 510. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 1.32. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 51. ; -the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1974. .3 Y 1058 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char,, Sj-c. Leaves tufted, perennial. Cones ovate, abrupt ; their scales close-pressed. Crest of the anthers ovate, flat, erect. (Smith.) Cones ovate, from 3 in. to o in. long, and from 2 in. to 2iin. broad. Seeds of an irregular triangular form ; nearly i in. long, with a very broad membrana- ceous wing. Cotyledons 6. A large, spreading evergreen, tree. Syria, on Mount Lebanon ; and the North of Africa, on Mount Atlas. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Litroduced before 1683. Flowers yellow ; May. Cones purplish brown, ripening in the autumn of the third year, and remaining on the tree for several years. Varieties. t C. L. 2 foliis argenteis. — Leaves of a silvery hue both above and below. There are very large tree.= of this variety at Whitton and Pain's Hill, and a dwarf bushy one, remarkable for its silvery aspect, at the Countess of Shaftesbury's villa (formerly the residence of Thomson the poet), on the banks of the Thames at Richmond, of which there is a portrait in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. viii. ? C. i^. 3 nana. — Very dwarf. A plant at Hendon Rectory, Middlesex, 10 or 12 years old, is only from 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, making shoots from 2 in. to 3 in. in a 3 ear. The leading shoot, in young trees, generally inclines to one side, but it be- comes erect as the tree increases in height. The horizontal branches, or limbs, when the tree is exposed on every side, are very large in proportion to the trunk : they are disposed in distinct layers, or stages, and the distance to which they extend diminishes as they approach the top ; thus forming a py- ramidal head, broad in proportion to its height. The extremities of the lower branches, in such trees, generally rest on the ground, bent down by their own weight ; but they do not root into it. The summit, in young trees, is spiry ; but in old trees it becomes broad and flattened. When the cedar of Lebanon is drawn up among other trees, it pro- duces a clean straight trunk, differing only in appearance from that of the larch in the colour of its bark. The wood of the cedar is of a reddish white, light and spongy, easily worked, but very apt to shrink and warp, and by no means durable. The tree, as an ornamental object, is most magnificent ; uniting the grand with the picturesque, in a manner not equalled by any other tree in Britain, either indigenous or intro- duced. On a lawn, where the soil is good, the /situation sheltered, and the space ample, it forms a gigantic pyramid, and confers dignity on the park and mansion to which it belongs ; and it makes an avenue of unrivalled grandeur, if the trees are so far apart as to allow their branches to extend on every side. If planted in masses, it is, like every other species of the pine and fir tribe, drawn up with a straight naked trunk, and scarcely differs in appearance from the larch, except in being evei-green. This is exemplified at Kenwood, at Claremont, and other places near London. On the other hand, where the cedar is planted in masses, and a distance of 50 or 60 feet allowed between each tree, nothing in the way of sylvan majesty can be more sublime than such a forest of living pyramids. This is exemplified around the cedar tower at Whitton, and on the cedar bank at Pepper Harrow. The cedar will grow in every soil and situation suitable for the larch. We are not certain that it will grow equally well with that tree at great elevations ; though we have little doubt of it, provided it were planted in masses. In the neighbourhood of London, it has certainly attained the largest size in deep sandy soil, as at Syon, Whitton, and Pain's Hill ; but the sand at these places is not poor ; and at ^Vhitton, where the tree has attained the greatest height and bulk, the 1974. C. Libaui. LXXVII. CONI FERiE : CE DRUS. 1059 roots are within reach of water. The cones, which, as ah'eady observed, are not ripe till the autumn of the third year, will keep five or six years after being taken from the tree, so that there is never any risk of getting; seeds too old to vegetate, in purchasing the cones that are imported from the Levant. If cones produced in Britain are kept a year after being gathered, they may be opened with i;reater ease than when recently taken from the tree. To facili- tate the operation of extracting the seeds, the cones may be steeped in water for a day or two, and afterwards split by driving a sharp conical iron spike through their axis. The scales being then opened with the hand, the seeds readily come out. The seeds ought to be committed to the soil immediately after being taken out of the cones ; more especially if the latter have been steeped, because in that case the seeds have swelled, and might be injured, if left to shrink. If the seeds are sown in March or April, they will come up in a month or six weeks; and still sooner if they have been steeped. Like the other Ahwtmss, they should be sown in light rich soil, and covered thinly. Sang recommends the covering to be ^ in. deep ; and this depth may be di- minished or increased, according to the lightness or heaviness of the soil. The seeds may be either sown in beds in the open garden, or in large flat pots or boxes ; but the latter is the more convenient mode, as it admits of preserving the whole of the roots in transplanting. The plants rise 3 or 4 inches high the first year, with scarcely any taproots ; but these increase afterwards, as the plants advance in size. At the end of the first year, the seedlings may be transplanted into nursery lines, or, what is more convenient, into small pots ; i and, in commercial nurseries, they should every year be shifted into pots a size larger, till they are sold. In private nurseries, where the plants are not likely to be sent to any distance, they maj' be planted in the free soil in nursery lines, like the pinaster and other of the more rare pines and firs ; and, when they I are removed to their final situation, their roots may be protected from the air, by immersing them in mud or puddle. In the nursery culture of the cedar, \ care must be taken not to injure the leading shoot, which is said not to be readily renewed when broken off. In general, it is advisable to tie the leader to a stake, till the plants are placed where they are finally to remain ; after which they may be left to themselves. In their progress from young plants to full-grown trees they require very little pruning, and suffer severely ■ when large branches are cut off. f 2, C. Deoda^ra Roxb. The Deodara, or Indian, Cedar. Identification. Roxb. Fl Ind. ined. ; Laws. Man., p. 381. ' Synunymes. Plnus Dcoddra Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. t. 52. ; ^"bies Deoddra Lindl. in Penn. Cyc. ; De- vad.ira, or Deodara, Hindostanee ; tlie sacred Indian Fir. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 52. ; our fig. 1977. to our usual scale ; axii figs. 1975. and 1976. of ' the natural size. I Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves fascicled, evergreen, acute, triquetrous, rigid. Cones I twin, oval, obtuse, erect; scales adpressed. (Lamb.) Cones from 4iin. to ; 5 in. long; and from 3i in. to 3f in. broad. Seed, with the wing, nearly ' 1^ in. long; scale about the same length, and 2 in. broad. A large ever- green tree. Nepal and Indo-Tataric mountains, at 10,000 or 12,000 feet ! above the level of the sea. Height 50 ft. to 100 ft., rarely 150 ft. Intro- j duced in 1822, and apparently as hardy as the cedar of Lebanon, from which ; it is readily distinguished at a distance by its general aspect being compara- ! tively whiter. j Varieties. Two varieties, or perhaps nearly allied species, called the Shinlik I and Christa rooroo, are mentioned by Moorcroft as natives of the forests of Ladakh. (Lindl. in Penn. Cyc.) The branches are ample and spreading ; ascending a little near the trunk of the tree, but drooping at the extremities. The wood is compact, of a yel- I lowish white, and strongly impregnated with resin. The bark is greyish, and, I on the young branches, covered with a glaucous bloom. The leaves are either solitary or tufted, and are very numerous ; they are larger than those of C. Libani, and of a bluish but dark green, covered with a light glaucous bloom. 3 Y 2 1060 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1975. C. Deodars. The male catkins are upright, without footstalks ; cylindrical somewhat club- shaped ; and yellowish, tinged with red. The cones are upright, generally in pairs, on short, thick, woody footstalks ; of nearly the same shape as those of the cedar of Lebanon, but broader and longer ; slightly tapering at the base, and somewhat more pointed at their summit. They are of a rich red- dish brown, very resinous, and with the margins of the scales slightly marked with green ; about 4 in. in length, and from 1 in. to 2^ in. broad. The scales are nearly of the same size and shape as those of C. Libani ; but they fall off when ripe, like those of the silver fir. The seed is light brown, and irregn- larly shaped, with a large bright brown wing. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, appears to be much the same as that of the cedar of Le- banon ; and it is equally hardy. The wood of the Cedrus Deodcira possesses all the qualities attributed by the ancients to that of C. Libani. It is very compact and resinous, and has a fine, fragrant, refreshing smell, like that felt when walking in pine groves towards evening or in moist weather ; and very i fo Lxxvii. coni'feii^ : arauca^ria. 106) 1976. C. Deodira. different from tliat of the cedar of Leba- non. The grain is remarkably fine and close, and is capable of receiving a very high polish. It is par- ticularly valued for its durability ; and is much used in the construction of Hi- malayan buildings, both public and pri- vate, and for bridges and boats. Strips of it are also emplo3ed for candles In Eng- land, the specimens of the tree are at present small ; but the feathery light- ness of its spreading branches, and the beautiful glaucous hue of its leaves, render it, even when young, one of the most ornamental of the coniferous trees ; and all the travellers who have seen it full grown agree that it unites an extraordinary degree of majesty and grandeur with its beauty. The tree thrives in every part of Great Britain where it has been tried, even as far north as Aberdeen ; where, as in many other places, it is found hardier than the cedar of Lebanon. It is readil}' propagated by seeds, which pressrve their vitality when imported overland in the cones, but scarcely otherwise. It also grows freely b}' cuttings, and by graft- ing on the conmion cedar, and the plants ajjpear as handsome and free-growing as those raised from seed. It has been inarched on the larch ; but, the latter tree being deciduous, it may be doubtful whether plants so propagated will attain a large size, and be of great dura- tion. It has been grafted, in the wedge manner, on the common cedar, in considerable num- bers, by Mr. Barron, gardener to the Earl of Harrington, at Elvaston Castle. Mv. Barron has given a detailed account of his process, and ot the success which attended it, in Gard. Mag., vol. xiv. p. 80. The nursery culture of the deodara cedar, and the soil and situation in which it is to be finally planted, may be considered, in all respects, the same as those of the common cedar. 1977. C. Deodita. Genus VI. ARAUCA P.IA Jkss. The AuAUCARiA. Lhi. St/st. Dioe^cia Monadelphia. Identification. Juss. Gen. Plant. Synony7nes. Eutassa Sal., Colymbfea Sal., DombSya Lamb., Ciipressus Forsl., the Southern Pine. Dfiivntwn. From Araucanos, the name of the people in whose country Araucaria imbricJita grows in Chili. Gen. Char. Alale Jloiuer with the pollen contained in from 10 to 20 cases, pendent from the apex of the scale. Ovule solitary, connate with the carpel or scale. 3 Y 3 1062 ATlBORETU.ir ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; imbricate. — Trees of magnificent dimensions, and evergreen ; natives of South America, Poly- nesia, and Australia ; only one of which, the Araucaria imbricata, is hardy in the climate of Britain. i- 1. A. imbricaVa Pav. The imhY\cate-leaved Araucaria, or Chili Pine. Identification. Pav. Diss, in Mem. Acad. Reg. Med. Mat., 1. p. 197. Synonymes. A. Domb6j7' Kich. Mem. sur les Conif. p. 8ti. ; Pinus Araucaria Mol. Sag. sulla Star. N^at. del Chili, p. 182. ; Colymbda quadrifaria Salisb. in Linn. Trans. 8. p. 31.5. ; Dombdj-a chi- lensis La?«. Encyc. ; Pino de Chili, Span. ; Peghuen, in the Andes ; Sir Joseph Banks's Pine. 77(1' Sexes. There is a tree at Kew which bore female catkins in 1838 ; and a male plant at Boyton which blossomed in the same year. Eufrravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 50. and .57. ; Rich. Mi'm. sur les Conif., t. 20. and 21. ; and our Jigs. 1978. to 1986. Fig 1979. is a cone or female catkin in a youn^ state, from Lambert ; fig. 1984. is a specimen of the female tree at Kew ; fig. 1983. is a portion of the male tree with the full-grown catkin, from Lambert's Monograph s and fig. 1980. is the full-grown female cone ; all to our usual I ,* ij i tni she wh ligl I 3978. A.imbriciila. Lxxvii. coni'fer^: arauca^ria. 1063 scale, that is, a sixth part of the natural size. Fig. 1978. is a portion of a cone of the natural size. Fig. 1981. a is a seed with the scale and wing of the natural size, and b is the kernel ; and Jig. 1982 is a leaf of the natural size. in eights Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves sistent mucros. (Pav.) An evergreen tree. 50 ft. to 100 ft., rarely 150 ft. Introduced September to November. imbricated, ovate-lanceolate, with per- Cordilleras, in Chili. Height in 1796, and flowering from 1979. A. imbricata : fern catkin, young. 1980. A. imbrickta: fern, catkin, full^own. A verv remarkable tree ; the female of w-hich, according to Pavon, is aliout 150 ft. high, while the male is seldom more than 40 or 50 feet high. The trunk is quite straight, and without knots, with a strong arrow-like leading shoot, pushing upwards. It is covered with double bark, the inner part of which, in old trees, is 5 or 6 inches thick, fungous, tenacious, porous, and light ; and from it, as from almost every other part of the tree, resin flows in great abundance ; the outer bark is of nearly equal thickness, resembling cork cleft in different directions, and equally resinous with the inner bark. In young trees, the bark of the trunk is studded with leaves from the base of the tree upwards, which re- main attached for 12 or 15 years. The branches are produced in whorls of 6, 7, and some- times 8, in a whorl, the greater number being nearest the ground ; and the branches diminish in length as they ascend higher up the tree ; till, at the top, they terminate in a kind of pyramidal head. They are horizontal, inflexed, and ascending at the e.xtremities. These large horizon- tal arms, clothed with closely imbri- cated leaves, resemble, in young trees, snakes partly coiled round the trunk, and stretching forth their long slender bodies in quest of prey. The leaves are sessile, somewhat thickened at the base, ovate-lanceolate, stiff, straight, somewhat keel-shaped below, and strongly mucronate at the apex ; verticil- late, with 7 or Sin a whorl; imbricate, and closely encircling the branches; concave, rigid, glabrous, shining, marked with longitudinal lines, dotted on 3 Y 4 1982. A. imbrickta. 1931. A . imbricata. 1064 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^^i 19S3. A imbricata male. \\f\C- ■ - both sides ; leathery, witli a car- tilaginous margin, and remaining attached to the tree for several years. The male and female cat- kins ai'e on separate trees ; the males ai"e 6 or 7 in a cluster, pedunculate, terminal, yellow, and oval, with numerous scales ; imbricated, long, and recurved at tlie points : the female catkins are oval, with numerous imbricated wedge-shaped scales, with narrowed oblong brittle points ; and they are produced at the ends of the branches, where they look at first sight like an unnatural thicken- ing of the leaves. The cones, when fully ripe, are globular, from 3 in. to 4 in. in diameter, and of a dark brown colour. The scales are deciduous, and easily detached. The seeds are 2 to each scale, wedge-shaped, and very large, being more than ] in. long, with a thick hard shell surrounding an eatable kernel : wings short and obsolete. The male tree has its leaves somewliat differently shaped from those of the female tree, and very much resembling those of A. brasiliana in shape, though of a different texture and co- lour. The wood is red where it has been affected by the forest fires ; but otherwise it is A'hite, and towards the centre of the stem bright yellow. It yields to none in hardness and solidity, and might prove valu- able for many uses, if the places of growth of the tree were less inaccessible. Of the rate of growth of this tree in its native country \ery little is stated by travellers. It is probabh' slow, as appears to he the case with plants in the climate of Lon- don ; though scarcely any of these have yet had full justice done to them. Young plants established in the open ground at Dropmore and Bayfordliury make shoots, occasionally, of above a foot in length. It nray be remarked of the araucaria igss. a. imbricata ; at Kew in iss:. 19K4. A. imbricata: female. iritl eve! tlie yeai is, I inct miJ of trei raisi man raisi kti man niJD oft or J Stat i eels Ait, wlii nieri cu: M ill Ter Ke {&, fa fiflif Lxxvii. coni'fer.^ : cunningha^jm/^. 1065 in Britain, that young plants sometimes remain a wliole year without making anj' shoot what- ever ; and that, at other times, the same plants require two years to perfect one shoot, that is, the shoot continues slowly increasing in length from the midsummer of one year to that . of the year following. The treatment of this tree, when raised from seeds, may be con- sidered in all respects the same as that of the cedar ; regard being had to the different size of the seeds, which will, of course, require a thicker cover- ing. Abundance of seeds have lately been imported, from which many young plants have been raised, and extensively distri- buted. Fig. 1986. shows the manner in which the seeds ger- minate ; a, the first appearance of the radicle ; b, the plumular, or young, shoot, in an advanced state. A. brasiliana Rich., A. ex- celsa Ait., and A. Cunninghamfi Ait., are half-hardy species, which will be found described at length, accompanied by nu- merous figures, in our first edition, p. 1440. to p. 1445. I98S. A. imbricita. Genus VII. =s. CUNNINGHAM/J R.Br, The Cunninghamia. Liji. Syst. MonceVia iNIonadelphia. Synonymes. Pinus Lamb., Belis Salisb. Verivatiun. Named, by Mr. Brown, in honour of Mr. James Cunningham, " an excellent observer in his time, by whom this plant was discovered ; and in honour of Mr. Allan Cunningham, the very deserving botanist who accompanied Mr. Oxley in his first expedition into the interior of New South Wales, and Captain King in all his voyages of survey of the coast of New Holland." (Bot. Mag., t. 2743.) Gen. Char. Male flowers in grouped catkins. Pollen contained in 3 cases that depend from the scale. Female with 3 ovules. Strobile ovate. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; solitary, scattered in msertion, more or less 2-ranked in direction ; flat, acuminate, and serrulate. — Only one species has been discovered, which is an evergreen moderate sized tree, a native of China. I 1. C. sine'nsis Rich. The Chinese Cunninghamia, or broad-leaved Chinese Fir. Identification. Rich. Conif., p. 149. t. 18. ; Lamb. Pin., ed 2., 2. t. .'53. Synonymes. Belis jaculifblia Salisb. in Lin. Trails. S. p. 316. ; Pinus lanceolata Lamb. Moncg ed. 1. t. 34. ; Cunninghamia lanceolata 2i. Br. ; Araucjlria lanceolata Hort. 1066 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUiAI BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Rich. Conif., t. 18. ; Lamb. Monog., ed. 1., t. 34. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. H3.; our fig. 1987. to our usual scale ; and^g. 1988. of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves sessile, deflexed, and spreading in every direction, Hin. long; lanceolate, much pointed, rigid, flat, quite entire, somewhat scabrous on the margin. Male catkins terminal, fascicled, cylindrical, scarcely 1 in. long. Cones about the size of a walnut, sessile, drooping, globose, smooth. Scales ovate-acuminate, coriaceous, sharply denticulated on the margin. Branches for the most part verticillate, spreading horizon- tally. (Lamb.) A middle-sized evergreen tree. China. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1804, and rather tender in British gardens. 1987. C. sinensis. 19S8. C. sinensis. For many years this tree was kept in the green-house; but, in 1816, a plant was turned out into a sheltered part of the pleasure-ground at Claremont, where it has continued to live without protection ; and, though injured more or less by severe winters, it was, in 1837, 18 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk Tin., and of the head 16 ft., which height it had not exceeded in 1841, in conse- quence of the top having been frequently broken off by heavy snow. It is very readily propagated by cuttings ; and there are some trees at Dropniore, raised in this manner, which have thrown up erect stems from the collar, which will doubtless form as handsome trees as seedlings. Dammnra orientalis Lamb. (fig. 1989.), native of Amboyna, and D. australis Lamb. (fig. 1990.), native of New Zealand, are described and figured in our first edition, but they are too tender for tiie open garden. l'J89. Z). orienUIIb 1990. D. austrilis. LXXVII. CONI FERvE : CUPRE SSIN^. 1067 Tribe II. Cupre'ssin^. ^ •5- The CupressinEe differ from the Jhietinae in being, for the greater part, shrubs or low trees, instead of lofty trees. They are all evergreen, with the exception of one species of Taxodium (T. distichum, the deciduous cypress) ; and none of them have the branches disposed in whorls, as is the case with all the pines and firs without exception. The greater part of the species are natives of warm climates, and comparatively few of them are perfectly hardy in British gardens. One only, the common juniper, is a native of Britain ; but between 30 and 40 foreign species and varieties endure the open air in England; and 8 or 10 of these (exclusive of Taxodium), which have been not less than 30 or 40 years in the country, antl which have had time to display their shapes, form very handsome or i-emarkable evergreen low trees or tall shrubs ; such as the red cedar, the white cedar, the eastern and western arbor vitae, the Phoenician and tall juniper, the cedar of Goa, the common and spreading cypress, &c. The greater number of the species, or alleged species, have, however, been but a short time in Britain ; and are only to be seen as very young plants in the nurseries, or in very choice collections. These lately introduced kinds are so imperfectly known among cultivators, that little de- pendence is to be placed on the names which are applied to them ; and there- fore all that we can recommend is, that they should be as extensively introduced into collections as possible, in order that they may grow up to some size, and be examined in various situations by different botanists. It may be observed of all the species of Cupressinae, that it is not easy to describe by words, and scarcely practicable to illustrate by figures without the fruit, many of the different species of this family ; nevertheless, to a practised eye, it is easy to distinguish the three leading genera, viz. Thuja, Cupressus, and ./uniperus, by a portion of the branch, without either flowers or fruit- The flattened, two- edged, scaly, imbricated shoots of all the thujas, including Cailitris (which may, if the reader chooses,.be considered a sub-genus), are two-edged, whether the specimen be young or old ; those of Cupressus are scaly and imbricated, but angular or rountlish, and never two-edged ; and those of ./uniperus, in the young state of the plants, have distinct acerose leaves, generally glaucous above, and often in threes joined at the base. All the kinds may be propa- gated by layers and cuttings ; and the more common s[)ecies ripen seeds in Britain in abundance. The seeds, which generally lie a year in the ground, may be sown in spring ; and the young plants may be treated in all respects like those of the pine and fir tribe. When the seeds are sown in autimin, im- mediately after being gathered, they sometimes come up the following year. Cuttings should be made in autumn, of the wood of the same year, with a small portion of the preceding year's wood attached ; and they should be planted in sand, or in a very sandy loam, in a shady border, and covered with hand-glasses. Cuttings put in in September will form callosities at their lower extremities the same autumn, and should be protected by mats during severe frosts in winter : the following autumn they will be ready to transplant. Layers may be made either in autumn or spring. The genera have been thus arranged : — Thv^ja. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves scale-like, imbricate. - Ca'llitris. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 2 to 5 cases. Ovules 3 or more. Leaves scale-like, opposite or whorled. Cupre'ssus. Catkins solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 8 or more. Leaves imbricate. T.ixo'Diuai. Catkins disposed in compound sjjikes, female ones 2 or 3 to- 1068 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. gether. Pollen in 5 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves linear, in 2 ranks, de- ciduous in the only species yet introduced. JuNi'pERUS. Male catkins terminal, female ones axillary, few. Pollen in 3 to 6 cases. Ovule one. Fruit pulpy. Leaves opposite or ternate, rigid. Genus VIII. Lt J L TTHU'JA L. The Arbor Vitje. Lin. Syst. Monoe^cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gpii., 1078. ; Jiiss., 4!3. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. Sijnonymc.s. Thuya, or Arbre de Vie. Fr. ; Lehensbaum, Ger. ; Tuja, Ital. Derivntion. From thyon, sacrifice; in consequence of the resin of tlie Eastern variety being used instead of incense in sacrifices. Why it was called Arbor \itie is uncertain. Parkinson says the American species was presented to Francis I. under this name, and that it has been continued ever since, though for what reason he knows not. It was called the Arbor Vit^ by Clusius. Royle mentions that, in the East, the cjfpress is called the tree of life ; and that its berries, cS:c., are considered a cure for all diseases. Gen. Char. Male flowers in a terminal solitary catkin. Pollen of each flower included in 4 cases, that are attached to the inner face of the scale, towards its base. — Female flower in terminal catkins. Ovary connate with the bractea ; the two conjoined may be termed a receptacle. Ovules 2 to each receptacle. Receptacles semi-peltate, imbricated, smooth, or, in some, having a recurved beak near the tip. Seeds inconspicuously winged, or not winged. Cotyledons 2. Branchlets compressed. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; 2-rowed, scale-like, closely imbricated, compressed. Flowers yellowish. — Trees nar- row, pyramitlal, and evergreen ; or large fastigiate shrubs ; natives of Asia, Africa, and North America, and for the most part hardy in British gardens. The species have been divided by Professor Don into the following sec- tions : — i. TlmJo at Elvaston Castle, where it has stood out three years, and ap[)ears quite hardy. 1 C. cupressijormis Vent., Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 490. — A native of New Holland, introduced in 1826. There are small plants of it in various nur- series. 1 C. macrostdchya Hort. — There is a plant at Elvaston Castle. Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : ciipke'ssus. Genus X. 1073 I J CTJPRE'SSUS L. The Cypress. Lin. Si/st. MonceYia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1079. ; Juss. 413. Syyionymes. Cypres, Fr. ; Cypresse, Ger. ; Cipresso, Ital. ; Ciproste, Fort. ; Cypres, Hungarian. Derivation. According to some, from lino, to produce, and parisos, nearly resembling ; in allusion to the regularity of tlie branciies ; or from Cyparissus, a beautiful youth of the Island of Ceos, who was changed into a cypress ; or, according to others, from the Isle of Cyprus, where one species of the tree was found in abundance. Gen. Char. Male flower in terminal solitary catkins. Pollen of each flower contained in 4 cases, attached to the scale on the inner face at the lower edge. Scales peltate. — Female floivers with the ovaries connate with the bractea, and constituting a receptacle. Oviile.s to each receptacle 8 or more. Strobile globose. Eeceptacles, as included in the strobile, peltate, having an obscure tubercle at the tip ; disposed collaterally, not inibricateiy. Seeds compressed, angular ; affixed to the narrow basal part of the receptacle. Cotyledons 2. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; adpressedly imbricated, linear. Flowers yellowish. — Evergreen trees, or large shrubs ; natives of Eiirope, Asia, and North America ; remarkable for the fine grain and dura- bility of their wood; propagated by seeds, which require the same soil and treatment as the ylbietinae. 5 1. C sempervi'rens L. The common, or evergreen. Cypress. CyprSs pyramidal. Identification. Hort. Cliff., 449. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 2. ; Lam. Diet., 1. Synonymies. C. pyramidalis Hort. ; ? C. fastigiata Hjrt. and Fin. Wob. p. 186. : Cypres ordinaire, Fr. ; gemeine Cypressenbaum, Ger. ; the Italian Cypress. Engravings., Dend. Brit., t. I.i.i. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 1. 127; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1996. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, obtuse, adpressed, convex. Cones globose; scales niutic. Branches straight. (JVilld.) A fastigiate evergreen tree. South of Europe, Greece, Turkey, Persia, and Asia iMinor. Height, in its native country, 50 ft. to 60 ft. ; in the climate of London, 30 ft. to 40 ft., rarely 50 ft. Introduced before 1548. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its dark brown cones in the fol- lowing March or April. Varieties. 9 C. s. I stricta Mill. Diet. Cypres male, Fr. — Branches upright, and closely pressed towards the trunk. It is the most common form of the species. (See the plate of C. sempervirens in Arb, Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii.) i C. S.2 horizontdlis Mill. Diet. C. horizontalis N. Du Ham. 3. p. 6. ; C. expansa Hort. Par.; Cipresso femino Ital. — Branches spread- ing. (See the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii.) There is an old tree of this variety in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, which by some is considered a species ; and in the Gard. Mag. for 1839, p. 696., an engraving is given of the Cypress of Mistra, which appears to be of this variety. The latter, when measured by the Earl of Aberdeen in 1803, had a trunk 26 ft. in circumference at 4 ft. from the ground, and appeared to be 150 ft. high. The cone of the cypress is composed of large, angular, corky scales, slightly convex on the outside, streaked in rays, and mucronate in the centre ; be- coming woody and separating when ripe ; on the inside, ending in a thick angular peduncle, to the extremity of wliich adhere 4 little nuts, vvl.ich are bony, obovate, compressed, or irregularly angular, and covered with a thin membranaceous skin of a dun colour. The seed is of a bay colour, and of a linear-oblong shape. The wood is hard, fragrant, and of a remarkably fin? 3 z 1074 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 199G. C. semperv'rens. close grain, very durable, and of a beautiful reddish hue, which Pliny says it never loses. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, will average, for the first 8 or 10 years, from 1 it. to 1 ft. 6 in. a year ; after which the tree grows more slow ly ; and, when it has attained its full size, and is between 30 ft. and 40 ft. high, it will live many years without any perceptible increase in dimensions. Any common garden soil suits the cypress ; but it attains its largest sizeih such soils as are rather dry and deep, and in situations sheltered rather than 'exposed. It may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds ; the former being put in in autumn, and treated like those of Thuja. The cones, which appear to be ripe in autumn, are not perfectly so, but require to hang on the trees till the following INIarch or April. They may then be gathered, and placed in a warm room, or in a box or basket, and set in a dry stove. In a few days the scales will open, when the cones may be thrashed and the seeds collected : they may be immediately afterwards sown, and treated hke those of the ^bietinse. In England, it is common to sow the seeds in flat pans or in boxes ; because, as they are somewhat tender when they first come up, they admit of being more readily protected by being carried to a pit. Unlike the seeds of the genus Thuja, which copimonly lie in the ground a year, those of the cypress come up in three or four weeks. They grow to the height of 3 or 4 inches the first season, and may be transplanted into pots, and kept in a pit through the winter. At the end of the second autumn, they may be planted where they are finally to remain ; but, if it be thought neces- sary, they may be kept three or four years in pots ; shifting them frequently, or allowing them to remain in the pot unshifted, according as the object may be to produce large plants, or to concentrate the roots in a small ball, so as to occupy less space in sending the trees to a distance. When the cypress is planted where it is finally to remain, and the situation and soil are suitable, it may be said to require no farther attention during the whole of its existence. It always grows erect, so that no care is requisite to train up a leading shoot ; and, as its branches occupy little space, it seldom or never requires pruning. i 2. C. THYoiDES L. The Thuja-like Cypress, or White Cedar. Identification. Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 512. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 207. ; Pursh Sept., 2. 646. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 6. Si/nonymes. ThOja sphjeroidalis Rich. Mim. sur les ConiJ. p. 45. ; Cypres faux Thuja, Fr. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 3. t. 2. ; N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 152. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 156. ; and our fig. 1997. f LXXVII. CONI FER^ : CUPRE SSUS. 1075 Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlets compressed. Leaves imbricated in i rows, ovate, tuberculate at the base. (Wil/d.) An evergreen tree ; in England a shrub. New England to Carolina, in deep swamps. Height, in the southern states of America, 70 ft. to SO ft. ; in the climate of London, 10 ft. to 15 ft,, rarely 30 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its cones about the same time in the following year. Varieties. 1 C. t. 2 Joliis variegdtis, — Leaves variegated, or blotched with white. 4 C. t. 3 nana Hort. — Habit dwarf, Exeter Nursery. The white cedar, in the cli- mate of London, is of slow growth, seldom exceeding the height of 4 or 5 feet in 10 or 12 years, and but rarely found above that height. Cones are sometimes imported ; and the seeds may be sown early in spring, and treated in all re- spects hke those of Cupressus sempervirens : it may also be propagated by cuttings ; and, in the London nurseries, it is sometimes raised by layers. f 3. C. lusita'nica Tourn. The Cedar of Goa, or Portuguese Cypress. Identification. Tourn., 587. ; Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 198. ; Lamb. Pin , ed. 2., 1. t. 65. Synonymes. C. glauca Brot. Fl. Lus. 1. p. 216. ; C. p(5ndula L'Herit Stirp. Nov. p. 15. ; Cedar of Bussaco. C. pendula T/tunb., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. 2. t. 06., is supposed to be a different plant. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., t. 65. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 3. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and ourJ%. 1998. C. ftijoldes. S|,4l.€t spec. Char., ^c. Branches flexuose, spreading ; branchlets quadrangular. 3 z 2 076 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, acute, keeled, glaucous, adpressed. (Lamb. Pin.) A branchy evergreen tree ; in England a shrub. Goa, in the East Indies, and for many years cultivated in Portugal. Height 50 ft. ; in Eng- land, 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its cones in the following spring. This species, in the climate of London, attains the height of 1 0 or 12 feet in twelve years, and forms a remarkably handsome low tree, with spreading branches, somewhat pendulous, and covered with fine glaucous foliage. In the winter of 1837-8, however, it was every where killed to the ground. The tree is abundant at Bussaco, near Coimbra, in Portugal, whence cones might be imported, and thus so fine a tree rendered frequent in collections. Its seeds may be treated like those of the white cedar ; or it may be propagated by cuttings, as in T^huja. i 4. C. TORULO^SA Lamb. The Bhotan, or twisted. Cypress. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. No. 59. ; D. Don in Prodromus Nepalensis, p. 55. Engravings. Our figs. 1909, to 2001. of the natural size, from specimens taken from the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and showing the very different appearance that the shoots assume on the same plant, and that even a young one. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-obtuse, imbricated in 4 rows. Galbulus globose, pedicellate. Scales bossed. Branchlets round, knotted, divari- cate, crowded, spreading. (Lnmb.) A beautiful, pyramidal, much-branched, evergreen tree. Nepal, on the Bhotan Alps, at 1500ft. above the sea., Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowering in April. 1999. C. torulisa. 2000. Branches crowded, ascending ; branchlets much crowded, round, divaricate, spreading, knotted, 2 in. to 6 in. long, very closely imbricated with leaves. Leaves small, ovate-obtuse, convex, smooth, imbricated in 4 rows, adpressed, green ; adult ones persistent, and falling off with the bark. Only young male catkins seen. It appears tolerably hardy, and is remarkably handsome ; and there are now abundance of plants in the nurseries. 1 5. C. pe'ndula Thunb. The weeping Cypress. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Japon., p. 265. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 512. ; Staunt. Embass Si/nonyme. Fi-moro, Kcempf. Amoen. p. S83. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 66. Staunt. Embass., t. 41.; our fig. 2003. to our Jig. 2004. of the natural size ; and fig. 2002. showing parts of the shoots mag- nified. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets 2-edged, leafy ; the oldest very long, pendulous ; the younger short, alternate, 2-rovved, spreading. An evergreen tree. China, said to have been introduced in 1808, but respecting which we know nothing with certainty. The pendulous cypress, or Thuja, at Chelsea and in the Kew arboretum, may possibly be the same as Thunbergs plant. ., 2. p. 525. usual scale ; Lxxvii. coni'fera;: taxo dium. 1077 2003. C. p^ndula. 2004. C. p^ndula. Other Kinds of Cupressits, some of which have been introduced, but of which little is knoiim. C. horizontciUs Audibert. — This plant has been already alluded to (p. 1073.) as being considered by some to be the same as the spreading variety of C. sem- pervirens ; and by others as a distinct species. C. thurifera H. B. et Kunth, Linnaa, vol. xii. p. 49.3. — A tree from 50 ft. to 60 ft. high, with leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate-pointed, scarcely a line in length ; those on the young shoots about -i- of a line long. Mexico, at the height of 5000 ft. Introduced in 1838. Hort. Soc. C. Tournefortii Audibert. — The plant bearing this name in the Horticultural Society's Garden, received from Audibert in 1834, is 2 ft. high, C. bacciformis Willd. — A hardy tree, 20 ft. high. Introduced in 1818. C. austrdlis Pers. — A shrub with slender branches, a native of New Holland, and rather tender. C. sabimndes H. B. et Kunth. — A very doubtful species. C. Coidlerii Pin. Wob. p. 190. — Mexico. Raised from seeds in the Glas- nevin Botanic Garden in 1837. ? C. thurifera H. B. et Kunth. Q. fastigidta Hort., Pin. Wob. p. 186., Gard. Mag. 1839 p. 271. Juni- perus fastigiata Hort. — Said to be distinguished from C. sempervirens by its "very blue glaucous leaves"; but ajjparently nothing but C. sempervirens (of which it is the common name in many parts of the Continent), as indicated under that species. Genus XI. TAXO DIUM Rich. The Taxodium, or Deciduous Cypress. Lin. SysL Monoecia Monadelphia. Identification. Rich. Conif., p. 143. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. Synonymes. t'upressus L., SchuberUa Mirb., Condylocarpus Salisb. Derivation. From taxus, the yew, and eidos, Hke; the trees resembling the yew. Gen. Char. Male flowers in catkins, disposed in a compound pyramidal s|)ike. Pollen of each flower borne in 5 cases, attached to the scale at its inner base. — Female flowers in catkins, 2 — 3 together; near the base of the sjiike of catkins of male flowers ; each consisting of a small number of flowers. Ovules 2 to an ovary. Strobile globose. Scales peltate, angled. Seed angled in outline, and having angular projections on the surface ; its integument very thick. Cotyledons 6 — 7. 3z 3 1078 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; 2 -ranked, linear Flowers yellowish, powdery, inconspicuous. Lofty deciduous trees, natives of the southern part of North America ; sepa- rated from the genus Cupressus, principally because the male catkins are dis- posed in loose spreading bunches, instead of being solitary and terminal ; and because the female catkins are roundish and scaly, like the male, and each scale has only 2 perfect flowers. The genus is also distinguished by the embryo having from 5 to 9 cotyledons. The species are generally propagated by seeds, and the varieties by cuttings, layers, or inarching. If 1. T. Di'sTiCHUM Rich. The tvio-Tan^Qdi-leaved Taxodium, or Deciduous Cypress. Identification. Rich. Mem. sur les Conif., p. 53. 143 ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 63. Synonymes. Cupressus disticiia Lin. Sp. PI. 1422., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. ; C. americana Cat. Carol. J. p. 11. ; C. virginiana Comm. Hort. 1. p. 113. ; Scluibertw disticha Mirb. ; bald Cypress, Cypress, Amer. ; Cypres de I'Amerique, Cyprfes ciiauve, Fr. ; zweyzeilige Cypresse, Ger. ; Cipresso gaggia, Ital. Engravings. Rich Conif., t. 10 ; Michx. North Amer. Syl., 3.; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 63. ; the plates of thio tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and onr Jig. 2006. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves 2-rowed, flat, deciduous. Male flowers leafless and panicled. Cones somewhat globose. (Willd.) A lofty deciduous tree. Florida, and on the Delaware and Mississippi, in swampy grounti. Height 100 ft. to 150 ft.; in England, 50 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced before 1640. It flowers in May, and the cones, which are brown, are ripened in the spring of the following year. Vaiieties. t T. d. \ patens Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. p. 32.3. — -Leaves approxi- mate, and strictly 2-rowed. This is the most common form. ^ T. d. 2 nutans, 1. c. T. d. pendula Loud. Hort. Brit. — Leaves much longer than those of the species, and drooping, but more remote and thinner in texture, with a tortuous curly ap- pearance when they first appear in spring. A specimen of the early shoots is shown in Jig. 2005. t T. d. 3 excelsiim Booth. — Horticultural Society, in 1837. _ ^ 2005. -r.d. nutans. It T. d. 4! sinense. T. sinense Noisette. — How far it differs from T. d. nutans, or whether it differs at all, we are uncertain. H. S., in 1837. ^ T. d. b s. pendulum. T. sinense pendulum Ho7-t. — H. S., in 1837. The deciduous cypress is one of those trees ^that sport exceedingly in the seed-bed ; and, hence, wherever a number of theni. are found growing to- gether, scarcely any two appear to have precisely the same habit. This is strikingly the case at White Knights, M'here there are several scores of trees, presenting a variet)' of forms and foliage almost as great as their number. They may all, however, as well as those enumerated in the above list, be reduced to the following four forms. 1. The species, or normal form, in which the branches are horizontal or somewhat inclined upwards. 2. T. d. pendulum, with the branches pendulous. 3. T. d. nutans, with the branches horizontal, and the young shoots of the year pendulous ; the leaves being twisted and compressed round them in the early part of the season, but fully expanded, like those of the species, towards the autumn. Most of these shoots have their points killed every winter, and many of them are entirely destroyed. 4. T. d. tortuosum pendulum, with the leaves on the young shoots tortuous, and the branches pendulous. There is a very elegant specimen of this tree at White Knights. With respect to the T. sinense of cultivators, we have not been able to discover in what it diflfers from T. nutans ; and of T. d. excelsura we have only seen very small plants. I Lxxvii. coni'fer^: taxo^dium. 1079 •^ "*' ./ mcM, 200G. T. distichum. The deciduous cypress, in America, attains its largest size in the swamps of the southern states and the Florid as, on the deep miry soil of which a new layer is every year deposited by the floods. The roots of large trees, par- ticularly in situations subject to inundation, are charged with conical protu- berances, commonly from 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. high, and sometimes from 4 ft. to 5 ft. in thickness : they are always hollow, smooth on the surface, and covered with a reddish bark, like the roots, which they resemble also in the softness of their wood. Michaux says that " no cause can be assigned for their ex- istence : they are peculiar to the deciduous cypress, and begin to appear when it is only 20 ft. or 25 ft. high." The Rev. J. Mitford has suggested that the absorption of air is the probable purpose for which the knobs protrude above the water. They are made use of by the negroes for beehives. The wood is universally employed, throughout the United States, for the best kind of shingles ; and in Louisiana it is used for almost every other purpose to which timber is applied. A rich moist soil is required to produce the deciduous cypress of any size, and it will not thrive in elevated situations. The species is increased by seeds, which are procured from imported cones : they may be treated in all respects like those of the common evergreen cypress, and, like them, come up the first year. The tree may also be pro- pagated by cuttings, put in in autumn, in sand or heath soil, in the shade, and kept moist; a practice which, Bosc observes, is in use in the nurseries at Orleans, but not in those at Paris. Cuttings of the winter's wood, or of the 3z 4 1080 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. summer's shoots with the leaves on, will root in a vessel of water in a very few weeks ; and, if an inch of soil be placed at the bottom of the vessel, the fibres will root into it, and the plants may be used as if they had been struck in the usual manner. Layers, put down in moist soil, root the first year. i T. sempervirens Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 64. Our fig. 2007, — Leaves distichous, linear, acute, evergreen, coriaceous, glabrous, opaque. {Lamb.) An evergreen tree. Discovered by Mr. Menzies, on the north-west coast of America, in 1 796 ; and immense trees of it were seen by Dr. Coulter in 1836 ; but it has not yet been introduced. It will probably prove hardy ; and, in that case, its introduction would be exceedingly desirable. 2007. sempervirens. Genus XII. I , JTJNrPERUS L. The Juniper, Lin. Syst. Dice^cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1134. ; Juss., 41.3. ; Lamb. Pin. 2. Synonymes. Sabina Bauh. ; Cedrus Tuiirn. ; Genevrier, Fr. ; Wachholder, Ger. \ Ginepro, Hal. Derivatioji. From Juruprus, rougli or rude, CeU., the plants of this genus being stiff shrubs ; or from junioi'es pariens, from the young and old leaves being on the tree at the same time, or with reference to the young fruit being produced before the old fruit drops off. Gen. Char. Male flowers in axillary or terminal catkins. Pollen of each flower in 3 — 6 cases, attached to the basal edge of the scale, and prominent from it. — Female flowers in axillary catkins, resembling a bud ; consisting of 13 fleshy ovaries ; bracteated at the base. Ovules 1 to an ovary. The ovaries coalesce, and become a fleshy juicj' strobile, resembling a berry. Seeds 1 — 3, each obscurely 3-cornered, and having 5 gland-bearing pits towards the base. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite or ternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; narrow, rigid, and not rarely minute and scale-shaj)ed. Flowers yellowish, from the colour of the pollen. — Trees evergreen, low, or shrubs ; natives of Em-ope, Asia, Africa, and North America ; mostly hardy in British gardens. The wood of all the species is more or less aromatic, and very durable. The species, with the exception of three or four, which have grown to some size, and ripened fruit in England, are very imperfectly known to British cultivators ; and, probably, some of those kinds which we have given as distinct species may prove not to be so. We could not, however^ avoid this, from the im- possibility of seeing any plants of many of the kinds, but those which were quite young. All the species are readily propagated by seeds, which retain their vitality, when kept in the berry, for several years ; and, when sown, lie one year, and often two years, before they come up. They may also be increased by cuttings, planted in sandy soil, in a shady situation, in the autumn, and covered with a hand-glass during winter ; or by layers. The species in British gardens are thus arranged : — § i, Oxycedri. — Leaves spreading in the adult Plants. A. Natives of Europe J. communis. 2. Oxjcedrus. 3, macrocarpa. B. Native of Asia. 4. drupacea, C. Native of North America. 5. virginica. LXXVII. CONIFER.E : JUNI PERUS. 1081 § ii. Sabhia. — Leaves imbricated in the adult Plants. A. Natives of Europe. 6. iSabina. 7. phoenicea. 8. lycia. 9. thurifera. B, Natives of Asia, 10. excelsa. 11. squamata. 12. recurva. 13. chinensis. C. Native of South America. l-i. uvifera. § iii. Species ofiuMch little is known. 15. tetragona. 18. dealbata. 21. Bedfordiann. 16. flaccida. 19. flagelliformis. 22. Hudsonia?ia. 17. mexicana. 20. gossanthanea. § i. Oxycedri. — Leaves spreading in the adult Plants. D. Don. A. Natives of Europe. « 1. .7. coMMU^Nis Z. The common Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1470. : Engl. Flor., 4. p. 251. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 46. Synonymcs. J. vulgaris, &c., Rati Syn. 444. ; J. minor Fuchs Hist, p, 78. ; Genevrier commun, Fi'. ; gemeiner Wanhholder, Ger. ; Ginepro nero, Hal. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 1100. ; N. Du Ham., t. 15. f. 1. ; onr fig. 2014. to our usual scale ; and fig. 2013. of the natural size. Char., Si-c. Leaves in threes, spreading, mucronate. Berries longish. (Willd.) An evergreen shrub. Europe, on the sides of hills and in sandy plains, and also in North America and Asia. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft., rarely 15 ft. Flowers whitish yellow, from the pollen j ripening in May. Fruit purple or black ; ripe the following spring. Varieties. Spec. J. c. 1 vulgaris Park. Theat. 1029. J. v. fruticosa Bauh. Pin. p. 488. ; J. c. erectis Piirsk Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. p. 646. — Leaves, according to Hayne, ^in. in length. A bushy shrub, from 3ft. to 5ft. high; but, in favom-able situations, growing much higher. J. c. 2 suecica Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. p. 414. ? J. c. fastigiata Des Moidin's Cat. des Plantes de la Durdogne ; J. stricta Hort. ; J. suecica Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; J. vulgaris arbor Bauh. ; the Swedish, or Tree, Juniper, {fig. 2008.) — Leaves spreading and acute, 1 in. in length ; branches erect, with oblong fruit. This kind was supposed by Miller to be a species because he found it always come true from seed. It generally attains the height of 10 or 12 feet, and sometimes of 16 or 18 feet ; in the Forest of Fontainebleau, it has at- tained the height of 50 ft., and tables, cabinets, and other pieces of furniture have been made from its timber. The branches are more erect than those of the common juniper ; the leaves are narrower, they end in more acute points, and are placed farther asunder on the branches ; the berries are also larger and longer. It is a native of France, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, and is in common culti- vation in British nurseries, c J. r. 3 nana Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 854. J. communis /3 Fl. Br. 1086. 2000. J, c. nina. S008. J. c. suecica. 1U82 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. J. c. saxatilis Pall. Ross. ii. t. 54. ; J. alpina -??««/ Si/n. 44'4-. ; J. al- pina minor Ge)\ Emac. 1372. ; J. minor montana, &c., Bauh. Pin. 489. ; J. nana Smith Engl. Fl. iv. p. 252. ; J. sibirica Hort. ; J. dau- rica Hort. and Booth (see Gard. Mag. for 1840, p. 10.); J. c. montana Ait. Hort. Keiv. v. p. 415. Our fig. 2009. — Leaves broader and thicker, and fruit longer, than in the species. « J. c. 4 oblonga. J. oblunga Hort. {fig. 2010.) — Leaves longer than in any other variety ; fruit small, oblong. Horticultural Society's Garden. I 2010. J. c. oblrfnga. 2011. J. c. o. pendula. It forms a very « J J. c. 5o. pcmhila. (fig. 2011.)— We apply this name to a plant at Kew which resembles J. c. oblonga in the Horticultural Society's Garden in every respect ; except that the habit of the main branches is fasti- giate, and the points of the shoots pendulous, graceful plant, about 5 ft. high. J. c. 6 canadensis. J. canadensis Lodd. Cat. ed. 18.36. (fig. 2012.) — A handsome vigorous- growing variety, coming near in foliage to J. c. nana ; but, as we have only seen a small plant of it in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, we are unable to depict the particular feature in which it differs from the species. c. 7 depressa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. 646. — A native of North America, and does not grow above 1 or 2 feet high ; though its root will sometimes cover a space of from 15 ft. to 20 ft. in diameter. It does not appear to have been introduced. Possibly this may be the J. canadensis of Lodd. Cat., No. 6. above. Other Varieties. In Loddiges's Catalogue, there are J. cracovia and J. hilicrnica, very small plants, but obviously belonging to .7. communis. There can be no doubt of this, though, as in the case of J. c. cana- densis in the same collection, we cannot point out in iO\i LXXVII. CONIFER^: JUNIPERUS. 1083 2013. J. comraiinis. 2014. J. communis. what the difference from the species consists. There are other names current in the nurseries, in some of which they are applied to J. communis, in others to /. .Sabina, and in others to J. virginiana. The rate of growth of the taller-growing varieties, in the climate of London, is from 6 in. to 9 in. a year, till the plants are 6 or 8 feet high, after which they grow more slowly ; and their duration is more than a century. The wood is finely veined, of a yellowish brown, and very aromatic. It weighs, when dry, above 42 lb. per cubic foot. The berries are, how- ever, the most useful product of the juniper, being used for flavouring gin. The plant makes good garden hedges, and may be clipped into any shape. • 2. J. Oxy'cedrls L. The Sharp-Cedar, or brown-berried, Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. P!., 1470. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 47. . Synomjmes. J. major Cam. Epit. .54. \ J.m. nionspelitnsium Lob. Ic. 2. p. 223. ; J. phcenicea, &c., J. Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 277. ; J. major, &:c., C. Bauh- p. •iSg. ; Cedrus phoenicea Matth. Valgr. 127.; Oxycedrus Clus. Hist. p. 39. ; 0- phcenicea Dud. Pempt. p. 853. ; the prickly Cedar ; le Cade, Fr. ; Spanische Wacliliolder, Ger. ; Cedro Fenicio, Itiil. Eng7-avings. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 15. i. 2. ; our jvj. 201G. to our usual scale ; and fg. 201-5. of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, spreading, mucronate, shorter than the berries, ( Willd.) An evergreen shrub. Spain, Portu- gal, and the South of France. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Litroduced before 1739. Flower- ing in May and June. 201.5. J, 0.\ycedrus. iOlfi. J. Oxjced.us Variett/, J. o. 2 taiaica Hort. — Tolerably distinct ; and, according to Mr. Gor- don, possibly J. drupacea. {Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 10.) Closely allied to J. communis. The branches are small and taper, without angles. Berries very large, of a brownish red, and marked with two white lines. Hand- some when allowed sufficient space ; and rather more tender than J. communis. « 3. J. macroca'rpa Smith. The large-fruited Juniper. Identification. Smith in Fl. Graec. Prod., 2. p. 263. ; Tenore Syll. Fl. Neapol. Spnonymes. ? J. Oxjcedrus var. ; J. major, bacca CKrulefl, Tourn. Inst. •5S9. Engravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 223. f. 1. ; and om fig. 2017. of the natural size, copied from the figure of L'Obel. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ternate, spreading, mucronate, sharply keeled, one-nerved. Berries elliptical, longer ^ _ than the leaf. {Smith, Fl. Gr., 2. p. 267.) An evergreen aoir. j. macroc.\r,.a. 1084 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICTEUM BRITANNICUM. shrub. Greece. Height 10ft. to 12ft. Introduced in 1838, or before; flowering in May and June. The leaves are like those of J. Oxycedrus, but the berries are twice as large, and black, covered with a violet bloom ; a handsome plant, though very probably only a variety of .7. Oxycedrus. B. Native of Asia. c «- 4. J. drupa'cea Lab., N. Du Ham. The drupaceous, or large-fruited. Juniper. IdenVficalion. Labillard. Icon. Plant. Syr. Dec, 2. p. 14. ; Mart. Mill., No. 11. ; Desfont. Hist, des Arb. et Arbris. 2. p. .W8. Sunonyme. J. major Bellon Obs. 2. p. 162. ^ „„, , , , ^ , , r „ .u c Ewravin'^s Clus. Icon. ; Labillard. Icon. ; our^. 2018. reduced to our usual scale from the figure of La I5illardi6re ; andyig. 2019., which shows the scales of the fruit much opener than is usual in Juniperus ; it is, however, a correct copy of the original. 2019. J. drupacea. 2018. J. drupacea. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, spreading, acute, three times shorter than the fruit. Nut 3-celled. {Labil- lard.) An evergreen shrub. Syria. Introduced in 1820 ; but we have only seen young plants. C. Native of North America. f 5. J. virginia'na L. The Virginian Juniper, or Red Cedar. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1471. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 222 .. Synorwrnes. J. rnkjoT americ^na Baii Hist 1413. : J. maxima &c., Sloan; Oinepro di Virginia. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 1,55. ; the plates of this tree m Arb. lint., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and oar Jig. 2020. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves in threes, the three growing together at the base ; young ones imbricated, old ones spreading. ( JVi/ld.) An evergreen tree. Maine to Georgia, in woods and plains. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; in England, 30ft. to 40ft. "introduced before 1664; flowering in May, and ripening its dark blue fruit in October. t j. V.2 humilis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Habit dwarf. ? J. ^, 3 carolinidna. J. caroliniana Du Roi, Mill. Did. No. 2. — Miller says that the lower leaves of this kind are like those of the Swedish juniper ; but tliat the upper leaves are like those of the cypress ; while in the Virginian cedar all the leaves are like those of the juniper. (See p. 1082.) Other Varieties. The red cedar varies exceedingly from seed. At White i Lxxvii. coni'fer^: juni'perus. 1085 Knights, where there are some hundreds of trees, some are low and spread- ing, and others tall and fastigiate ; some bear only male blossoms, and others only female ones. The foliage, in some, is of a very light hue ; in others, it is glaucous ; and in some a very dark green. The fruit, also, varies considerably in size ; but, perhaps, the most striking variety is one in which the branches are decidedly pendent. Miller mentions a variety which has leaves like a cypress. There are a great many varieties at Elvaston Castle; and some with glaucous foliage of very great beauty. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is 10 or 12 feet in ten years ; and the duration of the tree is upwards of a century. The name of red cedai has reference to the heart-wood of this tree, which is of a beautiful red, while 2020. J, virgiiiiina. the sap-wood is perfectly white. It is imported into England for the manu- factui-e of black-lead pencils ; though the Bermuda juniper is preferred lor that purpose. In Britain, the red cedar is not planted as a timber tree ; though, from the size which it attains in deep dry sandy soils, it might be worth while to plant it in masses for this purpose. As an ornamental tree or large shrub, it is highly valued, either for planting singly on lawns, or in groups along with other trees and shrubs. It is more especially adapted for grouping with other Cupressinae, the pine and fir tribe, and the yew. J. bermudidna L. and J. nepalensis Hort. (Cupressus nepalensis Ho?-t.) are described in our first edition. § ii. SabhicB. — Leaves of the adult Plant imbricated. D. Don. A. Natives of Europe. m. 6. /. SxBiyx. The common Savin. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1472. ; Desf. Hist, des Arb., &c., 2. p. 559. 1086 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. Sabine, Fr, ; stinkender Wachholder, Ger. ; Planta daunata and Cipresso des Maghl, Hal. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 56. f. 2. ; and ourj?g. 2026. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves oval, opposite, imbricated, somewhat acute, convex on the back; the male catkins pedunculate. Berries of a blackish blue, generally monospermous. {N. Du Ham.) A low evergreen shrub. South of Europe and Tauria. Height 7 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced before 1548; flowering in March and April, and ripening its blackish blue fruit in the spring of the following year. Varieties. * J. S. 1 cupressifblia Ait. Hort. Kew. v. p. 414. J. lusitanica Mill. Did. No. 11.; iSabina Dod. Pempt. 854. ; la Sabine male, Fr. {fig. 202 1 .) — Leaves like those of a cypress. « J. S. 2 iamariscifdlia Ait. 1. c. J. 5'abina Mill. Diet. No. 10. la A Sabine femelle {fig. 2022.) it J. S. Sfoliis variegdtis Mart. Mill. — Leaves variegated. 20'^ 1. J S. cupressif6Iia. 202-2. J. S. {amariscifolia. 2023. J. S. prostrate. 2024. J. S. alplna. i- J. S. 4 prostrdta. J. prostrata Michx. ; J. repens Nutt. ; J. hudsonica Lodd.Cat. 1836. {fig. 2Q23.) — A low trailing plant, seldom rising above 6 or 8 inches in height, but rooting into the soil, and extend- ing its branches to a great distance. t- J. S. 3 alplna. J. alpina Lodd. Cat. 1836. (fig. 2024.) — Procumbent, and more slender in its habit ; but, in other respects, only slightly different from J. prostrata. The savin, though generally seen, in British gafdens, as a low spreading shrub, has sometimes an upright trunk, clothed in a reddish brown bark, and rising to the height of 10 or 12 feet, or even higher. Its branches are nearly straight, very much ramified, and form, with the trunk, a regular pyramid. Its young branches are entirely covered with imbricated leaves, which have a very strong and dis- agreeable odour, and a very bitter taste. The male flowers are disposed in small catkins, on peduncles covered with little imbricated leaves, and are dispersed laterally along the youngest branches. The female flowers are generally produced on separate trees, and are disposed in the same manner : they are succeeded by oval berries, of a blue so ; deep as to be almost black, and are about the size of a currant : they generally contain only one seed, which is long, oval, and somewhat compressed. A very common ornamental ever- green, thriving in the poorest soils, and in exposed situations ; in the latter remaining an humble prostrate shrub, and in the former attaining a consider- able size. 2025. J. Sab'ina. Lxxvii. coni'fer.^: juni'perus. 1087 i 7. ./. PHCENi'cEA L. The Phoenician Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1471. ; Pall. Ross., 2. p. 14. 57. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 47. Synonymes. Cedrus phoenicea media Lob. Icon. 2. p. 221.; Oxycedrus lycia Dod. Pempt. .583.; Genevrier de Phenicie, Fr. ; dichtnadliger Wachholder, Ger. ; Cedro licio, Ital. Engravings. Pall. Koss., t. 56. ; N. Du Ham., 6. pi. 17. ; and our fig. 2026. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, obliterated, imbricated, obtuse. (JVil/d.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. South of Europe, Russia, and the Levant. Height 10 ft. to ^0 ft. Cultivated in 168.3. Flowering in May and June, and ripening its pale yellow fruit at the end of the second year. The young branches are entirely covered with very small leaves, which are disposed in threes opposite to each other, closely covering the surface of the branches, and laid one upon another like scales. These leaves are oval, ob- tuse, somewhat channeled, and convex on the back, perfectly smooth. On *>i^ 2026. J. phcEnicea. some of the branches, a few sharp linear leaves are found, which are about 3 lines long, and quite open. The male and female flowers are sometimes found on the same tree, but they are generally on different trees. The form and (hsposition of the male and female flowers closely resemble those of J. iS'abina. The berries generally contain 9 bony seeds in each, of an irregular oval, slightly compressed and angular ; the pulp is dry and fibrous, and in the middle of it are 3 or 4 bladders, filled with a sort of resinous fluid. Much less common than so fine a shrub deserves to be. « 8^ 8. cT". (p.) ly'cia L. The Lycian Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1471. ; Pall. Ross., ii. p. 14. t. 56. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., v. p. 415. Synoni/mes. J. p. ;S Ivcia N. Du Ham. vi. p. 47. ; ciprpssen Wachholder, Ger. Engravings. Pall. Ross., t. 56. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 17. ; oxirfig. 2027., and^^. 2028. from Pallas. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in threes, imbricate on all sides, ovate, obtuse. Male flowers at the ends of the branches, in a conical araent ; and the fruit single from the axils below them, on the same branch. Berries large, oval, and, when ripe, brown. An evergreen shrub. South of Europe, Levant, and Siberia. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1759, but not common in collections. According to Pallas, J. lycia is an entirely prostrate shrub, with the trunk branching from the very bottom, and often thicker than the human arm. This, I 1088 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2028. J. (p.) b'cia. and the branches, are often variously deformed, with scarcely any outer bark. The wood smells very strong, like that of the Bermudas cedar. Branches and branchlets wand- like, and covered with a testaceous bark. Shoots dark green, dicho- tomous, and imbricate with scale- formed sharp leaves. Berries terminal, globular, middle-sized, nearly black when ripe, and co- vered with a glaucous bloom ; containing 3 or 4 stones. Pallas adds that it greatly reseitbles the dwarf savin, and that it differs principally in the greater thickness of the shoots, and in the leaves being acute and less clustered. A 2027. J. (p.) lycia. very doubtful species. t 9. J. thuri'fera L. The incense-bearing, or Spanish, Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1471. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2 , 5. p. 413. Synonymes. J. hispanica Mill. Diet. No. 13. ; Cedrus hispanica, &c., Tourn. Inst. p. .588. Engraving. Fig. 2029. from a specimen received from Mr. Lambert. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves imbricate in 4- rows, acute. (JVi/ld.) An evergreen tree. Spain and Portugal. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1752. Flower- ing in May and June, and ripening its large black berries at the end of the following year. The leaves are acute, and lie over each other in four rows, so as to make the branches appear four-cornered. Berries very large, and black when ripe. There is a tree at Mr. Lambert's seat at Boy ton, which, in 1837, was 28 ft. high, with a trunk 9 in. in diameter. It strikes readily from cuttings, and deserves to be extensively propagated. B. Natives of Asia, ? 10. J. exce'lsa Willd. The tall Juniper. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 852. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. f)47. Syno)iiimes. J. Sahiiia v.ir. Pall. Ross. 2. p. l-'i. ; Himalaya Cedar-wood. Engraving. Fig. 2030. from a plant about 2 ft. high. / S2)ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves opposite, somewhat obtuse, with a central gland ; 4-ranked and imbricate ; slender, acute, disposed in threes, and spreading. Stem arboreous. (IVilld.) A tall evergreen tree. Siberia, Himalayas, and North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. rarely 40 ft. Introduced in 1806, but has not yet flowered in British gardens. A very handsome and elegant tree, with an upright trunk and slightly pendulous branches. Leaves opposite, imbricated in 4 rows, and having a raised line on the back. It is a very free grower ; and apparently as hardy as J. virginiana. 11. J SQU AMA^TA Z). Z)o?2. The scaled JumpBT, or creepiiig Cedar. identification. Lamb. Pin., 2. No. C6. : D. Don Fl. Nepalensis, p. 5."). : Royle lUust., p. 351. Synonymes. J. squamosa Wall. : see Gard. Mag. 1840, p. 10. Engraving. Our y?g. '2107. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, closelv imbricated, ovate-oblong, 2029. J. thurifera. 20"n. J. CI- c^lsa. Lxxvii. coni'fer^: juni'perus. 1089 more or less pointed ; remaining on after they are withered ; young ones inflexed at the apex, as if obtuse. Berries ovate, umbilicate on the top. Branches and branchlets crowded, round. Stem prostrate. {Lamb. Pin.) A large, decumbent, much-branched evergreen shrub. Nepal, and on the Bhotan Alps. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowering hi August ; but only young plants are in British gardens • 12. J. RECV^RVA Ham. The recurved A^ejoa/ Juniper. Identification. Ham. MSS., as quoted in Don's Flora Nepalensis, p. hb. Engraving. Our ^.2031. Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, loosely imbricated, smooth, convex beneath. Berries roundish-oval, tubercled. Branches and branchlets recurved. (Z). Don.) An evergreen shrub. ISepal, in Narainhetty. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 18.30. Flowering in May, and ripening its fruit in November following. It forms a graceful bush, or low tree, from its pen- dulous habit ; and it is readily distinguished from all the other species, not only b}' this circumstance, but by the mixture of its brown half-decayed chaffy leaves of the past year with its greenish grey leaves of the present year. The bark is rough, brown, and soon begin.? to curl up, when it has a rough appearance, and ultimately scales off. It is as hardy as the common juniper, and deserves to be as generally cultivated. « j» 13. J. chixe'nsis L. The Chinese Juniper. Identification. Lin. Syst., 894. ; Reich., 4. 277. ; Mant., 127. ; ' Lour. Coch., 636. Synonyme. ? J. c. Smiths Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2.W.5. Engravings. 0\xr figs. 2032. and 2033. from living specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves decurrent, imbricate-spreading, clustered ; stem leaves in threes, branch leaves in fours. (Wtlld.) An evergreen tree. China, Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820, or before. Flowers yellowish ; May. Fruit blackish blue ; ripe in November. There are two plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden bearing the name of J. sinensis, male and female, 12 ft. and 10 ft. high. The leaves are green, short, and imbricated ; the fruit rough, angular, and drv 2051. J. recurra. 2035. J. chinensis. 2052. J. chinensis. • 14. J. uvi'fera 7^. Don. The Grape-bearing, or large-fruited. Juniper. Identification. Lamb. Pin., 2. No. 67. Engraving. Out fig. 2107. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., S^'C Leaves ovate, obtuse, adpressed, imbricated in 4 rows. Branchlets short, erect, crowded, knotted. Drupes terminal, roundish. (Lamb. Pin.) A decumbent, much branched, evergreen shrub. Cape Horn, and the only species in the southern hemisphere. Introduced about the beginning ot the present century, but rare in British gardens. Other Species ofiiiniperus, of recent Introduction, but of which little is hnoivn. J. tetragona H. B. & Kth. — A shrub with low-growing, almost flat, branches ; the leaves are in 4 rows, and he close on each other, rather thick, 4 A 1090 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. obtuse, egg-shaped ; the fruit globular and small. (Linncea, vol. xii. p. 496.) Mexico, oa mountains at from 10,000 ft. to 11,000 ft. elevation, where it grows to the height of 4 or 5 feet. Introduced in 1838. {Gard. Mag., 1839, p. 242.) J. Jldccida Schiede. — A strong high tree with pendent shoots, with 4-rovved, scaled, egg-shaped, little lance-like leaves ; the fruit globular, with projecting pointed scales. Introduced in 1838, {Ibid., p. 241.) J. mexicdna Schiede. — A high pyramidal tree with twigs and leaves re- sembling those of Cupressus thurifera. The leaves do not always stand in threes on the twigs, but are often opposite ; they are egg-shaped, and pointed ; on the points of the youngest shoots they are only from i to J of a line long. (Ibid., p. 241.) Had not been introduced in 1841. J. dealbdta Hort. — Supposed to be a native of North-west America. It has the habit of the common juniper, but with small, imbricated, sharp-pointed leaves, rather distant on the shoots ; the latter are rather slender, and of a beautiful glaucous colour, more particularly in the early part of summer. The scent is as strong as that of J. 6'abina. Quite hardy. Introduced in 1839. Hort. Soc. (Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 640.) J.flagelliformis Hort. — A native of China, with long, slender, closely im- bricated shoots (both young and old), very much resembling fine whipcord. Shoots glaucous, with sharp lanceolate leaves. The fruit is small, globular, but sometimes slightly angular, and very glaucous. Quite hardy, and strikes freely from cuttings of the two-years-old wood. Introd. 1839. H. S. (Ibid.) 3. gossaintluhiea Hort. — There are small plants bearing this name in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, which closely resemble J. chinensis, but the shoots are more slender. J. Bedfordihna Hort. — Closely resembles J. virginiana. J. Hudsonmna Pin. IVob. p. 208. — A dwarf procumbent shrub, about 2 ft. high. Probably a variety of J. -Sabina. J. barbadensis L., described in our first edition, is here omitted as being rather tender. J. hemisph^.v.,.„.. nerves, but no The roots resemble and tendrils. Leaves 2 in. long, and the base, having 5 longitudinal spines on their margins. possess the same qualities as those of S. aspera, but are inferior to those of S. Sarsaparilla. fl. 3. iS. Ru^BENS Wats. The reA-tendriled Smilax Identification. Watson Dend. Brit.,t. 108. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 108. ; and our fig. 2014. 20J3. S. excelsa. Spec. Char., i^c. Stem angular. prickly. Leaves ovate-subcordate, rather LXXIX, 5MILACEiE: 5MI LAX. 1095 handi^onie evergreen climbing siirub. rica, in woods and b}' streams. Heiglit 3 ft 2044. S. riibens. obtuse, mucronate, coriaceous, 5-nerved ; margin mucronate-denticuiate near the base. ( Wats.) A North Anie- to 4 ft. Flowers greenish white ; July. fl. 4. 5. SARSAPARfLLA L. The medicinal Smilax, or Sarsaparilla. Identification. Lin. Sp., H-W. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. Synonymes. S. peruviana Sarsaparilla Ger. Emac. 8.59. ; S. gladca Mic/).v. 2. p. 2.S7., IValt. Fl. Car. 24-5. ; the glaucous-leaved Smilax ; Salsa paiiglia, lliil. Derivation. Sarsaparilla is compounded of two Spanish words ; viz., zarza, red, and parilla. a little vine. Eiigravings . Dend. Brit., t. 111. ; and oar fi^. 2045. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Stem prickl}', angular. Leaves unarmed, 4 ^^-'^^^AJ ^ ovate-lanceolate, ending in ^V ^J^^^Kk?^ ^ ^ons. sharp point ; 5-nerved, glaucous beneath. (IVi/ld.) An evergreen climbing shrub. North and South America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in I66i. Flowers greenish white; August. Stems shrubby, long, slender, and climbing. Roots divided into several long slender branches, which are somewhat thicker than a goose-quill, straiglit, brown on their exterior, but white internally, and from 3 ft. to 4 ft. long. Sarsaparilla, on its first introduction, was considered as a .specific against numerous dis- orders, and it is still emploved in rheumatic complaints s. s-jr..aparwa. scrofula, and all cutaneous' diseases. fl_ 5. S. hasta'ta JVi/ld. The Spear-shaped Smilax. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 782. ; Pursh Fl. Araer. Sept., 1. p. 249. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. S. Bona nox Michx. Fl. Amer. 2. p. 237. ; S. aspera var. Lam. Pluk. Aim., t. 111. f. 3. ; and ourfig. 2046. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem subarmed. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; auiiculate, or spear- shaped, at the base ; ciliated or prickly on the margin ; 3 — 3 nerves. Berries round. (Willd.) An evergreen climbing shrub. Carolina and Florida, on the sea- coast. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in IS20. green j August and September. Syyionymes. Encyc. Engravings. 2016. S. hast4ta. Flowers a. 6. S. Wa'tson/ Swt. INIr. Watson's Smilax. Identification. Swt. Hort. Brit., 3. p. fiSl. Synonymes. S. longifblia Wats. Dend. Brit. ; S. h. 2 lanceolata Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2.'5)2. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 110. ; and ourfig. 2047. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem prickly, angular. Leaves ovate, acu- minated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous, 3 — 5- nerved. Berries elliptic. An evergreen climbing shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Litroduced in 1820, or before. Flowers greenish ; August. a. 7. S. Walter// Pursh. Walter's Smilax. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1 . p. 249. Synonyme. S. China Walt. Fl. Car. p. 24-1. Engraving. Ourfig. . in p. Spec. Char., i^c. Stem prickly. Leaves ovate-cordate, smooth, 3-nerved. Berries acuminate. {Pursh.) A climbing evergreen shrub. Virginia and 4 A 4 2047. S. Watsoni. 1096 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Carolina, on the river sides. Heii,fht 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820, or before. Flowers greenish white; August. L 8. S. macula'ta Roxb. The s^otied4eaved Smilax. Identification. Roxb. ; Royle III., p. 384. Engravings. Royle 111., t. 94., fig. 1. ; ourj^. 2048. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem angular, prickly. Leaves cordate, somewhat hastately lanceolate, coriaceous, the under sides of the nerves and petioles prickly. {G.Don.) A climbing evergreen shrub. Nepal, 1819. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers whitish ; August. 204.S S. maculita. 2949. S. China. § ii. Stems prickly, round. L 9. S. China L. The Chinese Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 14.59. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. 388. Hynunymes. China radix Bauh. Pin. 896. ; .S'milax aspera minor Plum. Ic. 183. ; Sankira, vwlg« Quaquara, &c., Kietnp/er Amien. Ex. p. 781. ; Cena gentila, Ital. Enf;ravings. Blackw., t. 423. ; Ksempf. Araoen., t. 782.; Pluk. Amal., t. 408. f. 1.; and our ^g, 2049. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stem round, with a few spines ; leaves roundish-ovate, with acute points^ 5-nerved. (JVi/hl.) An evergreen climbing shrub. China and Japan. Height 20ft. Intioduced in 17o&. Flowers greenish white ; August. Berries red. The root is very large, fleshy, and reddisii : it is used for food, in some parts of China, instead of rice; and is considered extremely nourishing. Brown found it in abundance in Jamaica, where the roots are used to feed hogs. When first brought to Eng- land, it was cultivated in the stove: it was afterwards transferred to thegi"een-house ; and it has since been found hardy. fl. 10. S. rotundifo'lia L. The round-leaved Smilax. Id'-ntification. Lin. Sp., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 250. Engraviyig. Oar Jig. 'J050. Spec. Char., i^-c. Stem round, somewhat prickly. Leaves roundish-ovate or cordate, very smooth, .5-nerved. Ber- ries spherical. {Willd.) A climbing evergreen shrub. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Height 6 ft. 2050. s. rotundifoiia. Introduccd in 1760. L II. S. iAURiFOLiA L. The Laurel-leaved Smilax. Identification. Lin. 3p. Pt., 1400. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 2.'J0. Synouymes. S. altera. Sec, Plum. Ic. ; S. lieWis, itc, Catesb. Car. 1. t. 15. Engravings. Cat. Car., 1. t. 15. ; Plum. Ic. ; arnl oar fig. 2051. Spec. Char., S^. Stems round ; main stem prickly. Branches unarmed. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, 3- nerved. Umbels on very short peduncles. {Wi/ld.} A very handsome evergreen climbing .shrub. North America, in s;indy boggy woods, from New Jersey to Georgia. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; August. Berries black ; ripe in September and October. L 12. S. TAMNoiDEs L. The Black-Bryony-Iilie Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 251. 20^1. S. /aurifoli.^ + I. m LXXIX. S'.AIILA^CE^ : ^MI'LAX. 1097 Synonymc. S. Bry6niae nlgrae, &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 52. Engravings. Cat. Car., 1. t. 53. ; and our Jig. 2052. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem round and prickly. Leaves unarmed, cordate-oblonir, 7-nerved. (IVil/d.) A climbing evergreen shrub, rather suffrutescent than woody. Virginia and, Carolina, in sandy wet woods and bogs. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; June and July. Berries black ; ripe in August and September. 2052. S. /amniJides. J 1.3. S. CADU^CA L. The deciduous Smilax. Uentification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 250. Engraving. Out Jig. 20.'i3. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem round, prickly. Leaves unarmed, ovate, 3-nerved. (Wi//d.) A deciduous climbs, with a flexible stem, armed with a few short spines, black at the tip. Carthagena in New Spain, and Canada. Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers greenish white ; July. Sparingly produced in British gardens. ft. 14. S. GLAU'CA Sims. The glaucous Smilax. 2053. S. cadica. Identification. Sims in Bot. Mag., t. 1846. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1846. ; and oar fig. 2109. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem round, prickly. Leaves unarmed, rotund-ovate, mucro- nate, somewhat nerved, glaucous beneath. Peduncles, short, two-flowered. North America. Height 3 ft. Introd. 1815. Flowers greenish white; July. § iii. Stems unarmed, 'i- angled. ft. 15. S. Bo^NA-No'x L. The Bona-nox, or ciliated, Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. Synonymes. S aspera Indife occidentalis Bau/i. Pin. ; S. variegata Walt. Fl. Car. 244. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 111. f. 1. ; and our^^. 2054. Spec. Char., ^-c. Stalks unarmed, angular. Leaves cordate- ovate, with an acute point, ciliated, 7-nerved. (JVilld.) An ^ evergreen climbing shrub. Carolina and Georgia, in woods. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white; June and July. Plukenet mentions a variety, which he has figured under the name of S. B. caro- liniana Pluk. Phyt. t. 11 1. f. 3. 2054. S. Bona-ndx. ft. 16. S. LATIFO^IA R. Br. The broad-leaved Smilax. 293.: Ait. Hort. Identification. Brown Prod., Kew., ed. 2.,5. p. 390. Engraving. Out fig. 20.55. Spec. Char., t^c. Stem unarmed, an- gular. Leaves ovate ; base half- heart-shaped or obtuse, glabrous, 5-nerved ; petioles bearing tendrils. (Brown.) An evergreen climbing shrub. New Holland. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1791. It was first placed in the green-house, but has since been found to stand out at Kew. fl- 17. S. quadrangula'ris MuM. The four-angled Smilax. „„ ^ Identification. Muhl. in Flora Dan. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. 2056. s. orb!eR>Iia. S088. PJrus dlolca. SOS 1 . Pfna astractaica. » SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES. 1107 2090. PJrus.(Sdrbus) microcSrpa. S091 . Arklia japonica. 4b 2 2093. Cl^thra (a.) sc&bra. 1108 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2094. BupleCirum gibraltaricum. 2095. £um^lia oblongif61ia 9096. Rhododendron maximum purpCureum. 2097. K. ( A. c.) car^ct'iis. 2098. Frrfxinus (p.) arpftiteK. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES. J 109 2099. rtixinus pallida. 2100. Frixinus (a) carolinikna- 4b 3 1110 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 2101 Phill^rea(m.) 2102. L^cium Trewiinum. pendula. 2103. Qu^rcus myrtil'"lia- 2103. Quercus injitifolia. 2101. Qutrcus rigida. 2105. Taxxis canadensis 2106. r^xus canadensis. 2107. ./uniperus squamosa. 8108. Thuja pliiMa. S109. SmUax Vllliindsto. ' nil SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES AND VARIETIES, WITH CORRECTIONS. In the following List we have omitted a number of garden names, as of doubtful application ; and we have given few or no descriptions, because most of the plants are just raised from seed, or introduced from abroad. A similar list to the present has been given in the Gardener s Magazine every year since the publication of the large edition of the Arboretum, and will continue to be given yearly, so that, by referring to that work, the latest introductions of hardy woody plants may always be ascertained. jRanuncula^cejE : Clemati'de^. Page 2. 1 Cle'matis calif omica Gard. Mag. 1841, p. 13., is a very doubtful species, said to resemble C. florida. 1 Atra'gene macropetala Ledebour MS. G. TVI. 1840, p. 631. A native of Siberia, resembling A. alpina, and probably only a variety of it. Several suffruticose species of Clematis are described in Torrey and Gray'a Flora of North America, which remain to be introduced. Winter/ C£.E, Page 20. « iLhfciUM religiosum Sieb. ? The Skimi of the Japanese. Probably a variety of I. rtuisatum, with which the Japanese ornament their temples. (G. il. 1842, p. 13.) Magnolz/c^^. Page 21. I MAGNd'LiK grandiflora var. Hdrwiciis Hort. Said to be raised between M. grandifiora exoniensis and M. fuscata, and to be quite hardy. (G. M. 1842, p. 13.) s^ M. purpiirea var. hybrida Hort. A dwarf variety, well adapted for a wall in a small garden. {G. M. 1842, p. 13.) Berbera" CEJE. Page 41. Several species of Berberis and Mah6ni« have lately been raised from Himalayan seeds in the Horticultural Society's Garden, to which names cannot yet be given with certainty ; but the following, chiefly raised since the printing of this work was commenced, are considered true to their names : — Sk Be'rberis vulgaris fol. piirpureis Hort. This is a very ornamental plant, with leaves as dark as those of the purple hazel. Lawson's Nursery, Edinburgh, a MAIlO'yUK pallida. {Berberis pallida Hartw. Benth. Plant. Hart. p. 34. No. 268.) Resembles M. ylquifolium, but the leaflets are smaller, less spiny, and from 11 to 15 in number. Flowers whitish ; hence the specific name. Found in Mexico, where it grows from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high. {G. M. 1840, p. 631.) a M. gracilis. (B. graciYis Hartw. Benth. PI. Hart. No. 271.) Pinnate, with 4 pairs of leaflets, slightly toothed. Mexico, where it grows about 6 ft. high. (G. M. 1840, p. 631.) a M. irifolidta. {B.tY\'io\\)xt3i Hartw. Bot. Reg. Chron. 149. 1841.) Trifoliate, with small yellowish green prickly folioles, and fruit of a yellowish green when ripe. Mexico, and about as hardy as M. fascicularis. {G. M. 1840^ p. 631.) 4 B 4 1112 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The following species will probably be very shortly introduced, and, indeed, are perhaps already in a seedling state in the H. S. Garden : — * 31. lanceoldtum. (B. lanceolatum Benth. PI. Hart. p. 34. No. 269.) Pin- nate, with long slender leaves, and 13 — 17 leaflets, very spiny, and of a dark green. Mexico, on mountains, where it grows from 5 ft. to 6 ft. high. Considered the handsomest of all the Mexican species. (G. M. 1840, p. 632.) it M. angustifolia. (B. angustifolia Hartw. Benth. PI. Hart. No. 270.) Re- sembles RI. fascicularis, but is much smaller in all its parts. Leaflets 5 — 7, light green, and very spiny. Mexico, where it grows from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high, with purple fruit, sweet to eat. « M. Hartwegn. (B. Hartwegii Benth. PI. Hart. No. 272.) Pinnate, with 11 — 15 leaflets, which are nearly double the size of those of M. Jquifo- lium, and of the same light green as those of that species. Mexico. Flowering in April. AuRANTiA^CE*. Arb. Brit., 1st ed., vol. i. p. 395. * LiMo^NiA Laureola Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 245., Royle Illust. vol. i. p. 343. The only species of this order found on the tops of cold and lofty moun- tains in the Himalayas, where it is for some months buried under snow. Raised in the H. S. Garden from seeds received from Dr. Royle in 1841, and probably hardy enough to endure our winters against a wall. (G. M. 18i], p. 608.) JZ'yperica'cejE. Page 74. * 'Hype' RICUM rosviarinifol'mm Lam. Diet. ; Tor. and Gray, vol. i. p. 159. A pretty narrow-leaved species, from Kentucky, where it grows 2 ft. highj flowering in July and August. {G. M. 1842, p. 13.) .^CERA^CEiE. Page 78. ■b^ A^CER Icevigdtum Wall. Plant. As. Rar. 2. p. 3. t. 104. ; Arb. Brit. 1st ed. p. 431. Leaves undivided, oblong, acuminate, smooth, and shining. Nepal, on high mountains, where it forms a tree 40 ft. high. Dr. Wallich thinks it may prove hardy in England. H. S. (G. M, 1840, p. 632.) A. colchiciim Hartwiss. A very handsome and distinct plant, nearly allied to A. platanoides Lobelii; but with the lobes of the leaves more pointed, the bottom lobes lapping over the footstalk, then* texture thinner, and their colour more glaucous than those of A. p. Lobehi. Abchasien ; whence it was imported by Booth of Hamburg in 1838, and introduced into England in 1840. (G. M. 1840, p. 6.32.) , A. colchicum var. rubrum Booth MS. From the beginning of the season till late in autumn the leaves are of a bright pinkish purple. The bark is brownish, while that of the species is of a pea-green, like the bark of Negi'indo /raxinifolia. A. campcstre. Add as Varieties : — " A. c. nihrls Booth : samaras red. A. c. heterocdrpum : samaras variously formed." A. gldbnun Torr. and Gr. Flor. 1. p. 207. A shrub found in the Rocky Mountains, with leaves nearly similar to those of the common currant in size and shape. Not yet introduced. A. triparlitum Nutt. Torr. and (ir. Flora, 1. p. 247. A shrub found on the Rocky Mountains, nearly allied to the preceding species, and, like it, not yet introduced. A. grandidentdtinn Nutt. Torr. and Gr. Flora, 1. p. 247. {? A. barbatum Dongl., not of Michx.) A bhrub or low tree from the Rocky Mountains, with leaves smaller than those of A. saccharinum. Not yet intro- duced. SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 1113 jEscvi.&'ceje. Page 123. $ M'scuLUS (H.) ruUcunda, p. 126., was thus originated. M. Michaux received, in 1812, seeds of Vkvia from North America, which were sown by M. Camuzet in the Paris Garden ; and amongst the plants which came up was one different from all the others, which is the ^. rubicunda of British Gardens. It flowered in three years, that is, in 1815. {Hort. Beige, 1836, p. 97.) Capparida^ce^. Arb. Brit., 1st ed., vol. i. p. 313. 'i Iso' MERis arborea 'Nutt. Torr. and Gr. Flora, 1. p. 124.; Bot. Mag. n. ser. t. 3842. A low tree from California, with a long taproot, and a very spreading head. The stem is about the thickness of a man's arm, very knotty, and the wood hard and yellow. Leaves 3-foliolate, lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous. Flowers large, yellow, in terminal racemes. H. S. (G. M. 1S42, p. 13.) FiTA^CE^. Page 135. ■&^ 1 VtTis parvifdlia Royle's Illust. p. 145. A very curious species of vine, from elevated situations in the Himalayas, with exceedingly small leaves for the family to which it belongs. Tooting Nursery. {G. M. 1842, p. 13.) 1 V. heterophylla Sieb. ? A beautiful and very desirable climber, from Japan, with variegated leaves. Probably the Fitis heterophylla of Thunberg, a native of Java. Mr. Gordon thinks it is nearly related to 6'issus antarc- tica, but with the leaves much more jagged and variegated with white. It produces small blue fruit in clusters, which are very ornamental. Tooting Nui-sery. (G. M. 1842, p. 13.) ^quifoliaYe^. Page 155. t Vlex kquifoUum. Add as a Variety : — ^' \. K. pendulum. Avery remark- able variety, with shoots as decidedly pendulous as those of Sophbra japonica pendula. The original tree is in a private garden in Derby, from which it has been propagated by Mr. Barron at Elvaston Castle. t I. Perado, p. 161. Plants raised from seeds of this species in the Edin- burgh Botanic Garden resemble so much, in all respects, those of the common holly, as to leave no doubt in our mind as to their being one and the same species. (G. M. 1842.) • I. latifolia Hort. (? I. /aurifolia Hort.) A splendid hardy evergreen shrub from Japan. Leaves large, oval, sometimes 9 in. long. Intro- duced from the Continent in 1841, and quite hardy. (Gr^. M. 1842, p. 13.) i^HAMNAYEjE. Page 166. ^ * Ceano^THUS veluihnts, p. 181., is now introduced. C. a. 2 intermedius, Mr. Gordon considers should be C. a. 2 var. pdlUdus. ^ Hha'mnus WicMius Jacquin. Resembles 7?. infect6rius,but has larger leaves. It was raised in 1839 in the H. S. Garden, from seeds received from Dr. Fischer, and is quite hardy. •^ R. prunifolius Booth (not of Smith, p. 178.). Alow shrub from North America which has not yet flowered. AnacardiaYe^. Page 184. Hi DUFAU'A longifolia Hort. Raised in 1839 in the Clapton Nursery, from seeds received from Chili. It is very distinct, with long bright green leaves, and it is hardier than any other species of the genus. (G. M. 1840, p. 632.) 1114 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leguminous*. Page 194. t SoFHO^RA [? japonica] grandiflora Hort. Introduced from the Continent in 1841, but whether hardy or not is uncertain. {G. M. 1842, p. 13.) t S. japonica pubescens Booth. A variety with the leaves rather more pu- bescent than those of the species. a^ Geni'stj thyrs'iflora Booth. A shrub growing to the height of 4 ft., pro- lific in large bunches of yellow flowers, raised from seeds received from the South of Europe. In all probability already described under some other name. ^ iNlilGO'FERA nepalensis Hort. A free-growing shrub, apparently hardy. This is probably a garden name applied to one of the numerous species of Indigofera from the North of India, where they abound. There is frequently one species raised from these seeds which is much hardier than the others, with rather large bright rosy pink flowers, which stood last winter without any protection in an open border; and Dr. Royle says that there are many which grow very high up the hills, which should be quite hardy in England. (G. M. 1842, p. 17.) s Caraga'na Gerardxana. Royle Ilhist. vol. i. p. 198. t. 34. fig. 1. The Tartaric Furze of travellers. A very distinct species, having all the leaves terminated by a spine, in the manner of Astragalus Tragacantha (p. 246.). It grows on the Himalayan Mountains, at an elevation of 16,000 ft., and is quite hardy in British gardens. H. S. in 1839. {G. M. 1840, p. 633.) M Astha'GALUS fruticbsus Dec. An under-shrub from Siberia, smooth, and scarcely ligneous ; fit only for rockwork or to_ be kept in pots, as the moisture of autumn and winter soon destroys it. Raised in the H. S. Garden in 1839, from seeds received from Baron Jacquin. {G. M. 1840, p. 633.) M A. vimineus Dec. A pretty little shrubby species from Siberia, rather difiicult to keep, except in pots or on rockwork. Hammersmith Nursery in 1839. (G. M. 1840, p. 633.) i?osA^CEjE. Page 261. -i; Amy'GDALUS Palldsn Ledebour. (A. pedunculata Pallas.) A very pretty decumbent under-shrub, quite hardy. H. S. in 1839, or before. (G. M. 1840, p. 633.) ^ Vru^nUS Mume Sieb. The dwarf or creeping Plum of the Japanese. It bears yellow fruit, which the Japanese pickl^ as we do cucumbers or walnuts. There are many varieties. Tooting Nursery in 1841. ((?. M. 1842, p. 18.) ss Ce'rasus Laurocerasus var. cdlcKica and C. li. var. Emerelli (?) are varieties of the common laurel, received from Belgium in 1841. Toot- ing Nursery. {G. M. 1842, p. 14.) Sfc Spir^^'A fissa Lindl. Bot. Reg. Misc. No. 170. 1840. A beautiful species resembling S. rtriaefolia, introduced from Mexico, where it was found by Hartweg, growing from 15 tt. to 20 ft. high. It is expected to be quite hardy. H. S. in 1839. {G. M. 1840, p. 633.) Sk S. lanccoldla Poir. Diet. 7. 353., Cambess. in Ann. Soc. Nat. 1. 366. t. 25. {S. Reeves2a«« Hort.) Resembles S. bella, but differs from it in having lanceolate, lobed, and serrated leaves, nearly evergreen. Introduced from Japan by John Reeves, Esq. Knight's Exotic Nursery, 1839. {G M. 1840, p. 633.) Sfc S. rotundifdlia Lindl. Bot. Reg. Miscel. No. 159. 1840. Resembles S SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 1115 cuneifolia (p. 305.), but differs from it in the leaves being quite round and large. Raised in 1839, in the H. S. Garden, from seeds received from Cashmere. {G. M. 1840, p. 633.) Several species of ligneous (Spirae^a are described by Torrey and Gray which are not yet introduced. t Nutta'llia cerasiform'is Torr. and Gray; A tree with the habit of Ame- Idiichier canadensis found in the margins of pine woods in the back part of N. California, but not yet introduced. ^ llu^BUS lasiocdrpns Royle Illust. (p. 203.) A free-growing hardy species from tiie Himalayas, which bears a grateful fiuit. Considered by Mr. Gordon as a synonyme to R. micranthus, p. 312. Tooting Nursery. {G. M. 1842, p. 14.) Sfe R. trilobus Dec. Prod. 2. p. 566. An erect shrub from Mexico, with large white flowers and purple fruit. Raised in 1841 from seeds sent home by Hartweg. H. S. {G. M. 1841, p. 609.) ^ Crat^^gus Oxydcantha oxyphylla is the name given to a pendulous variety of the common hawthorn found in a bed of seedlings at Somerford Hallj and mentioned in p. 376. 2 C. O. fructu coccineo Hort. A variety with large scarlet fruit, of which there are plants in Backhouse's Nursery, York. » C. Vyracdrdha fructu dlbo Hort. A variety with white fruit. Tooting Nursery. The following species are described in Torrey and Gray's Flora, but none of them are jet introduced : — t C. rivuldm Torr. et Gray. Arborescent, and nearly glabrous, with leaves about as entire as those of the apple. 1 C. coccinea var. viridis, C. c. var. poptilifolia, C. c. var. oUgdndra (few- anthered), and C. c. var. mollis. 2 C. arborescens Torr. et Gray. Unarmed, with lanceolate leaves resem- bling those of C. joyrifolia. A tree 20 ft. to 30 ft. high in Georgia t C. cestivdlk Torr. et Gray. (C. opaca Hook.) A tree 20 or 30 feet high in South Carolina and Georgia. S C. berberi/o//« Torr. et Gray. A tree found in Louisiana, which grows from 20 ft. to 25 ft. high. Besides these, there are several doubtful species. 3! Cotone/ster bacilldris'WdiW.meA.. Lindl. Bot. Reg. No. 1229. Deciduous. • Leaves obovate, drawn down into the petiole, glabrous. Cymes many- flowered. H. S. in 1841. (G. M. 1841, p. 608.) * C. 7iummuldria, p. 409. Omit " Eriobotrya elliptica Lindl." as a Synonyme. 3f Amela'nchier canadensis Torr. et Gray. All the American kinds in British gardens are considered by Drs. Torrey and Gray as varieties of one species, in which opinion we concur, as indicated in the body of the work, both in this and in the large addition. t A. {v.) ovalis 2 subcorddta, p. 416. Add as a Synonyme : " Petromeles ovalis subcordata Jacquin." {G. M. 1840, p. 634.) It Vy^rus heterophijlla Booth. Leaves 3 — 5-lobed, about the size and shape of those of the common hawthorn, but finely serrated in the edges, and glabrous. A native of Dalmatia. H. S. (6;. M. 1840, p. 634.) Philadelpha'ce^. Page 460. 34 Vhilade'lphus mexicdmts Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 61. No. 458., Bot. Reg. Chron. No. 118. 1841. Resembles F. laxus; but the leaves are neariy entire, and rather smaller. It is hardy, and forms a graceful little bush. 1116 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Grossula'cejE. Page 468. Sk Ri BEs tauricum Jacquin is apparently a variety of R. petrae'um, p. 478. ^RALIA^CE^. fl- Wedera Helix. Add : " H. H. var. taiaica Booth. A distinct variety, with very small dark green leaves. (G. M. 1842.)" Corna'ce^. Page 501. sfe CORNUS grdndis Benth. PI. Hartw. p. .38. No. 298. llesembles C. sericea; but it forms a small tree in Mexico, with leaves 3 — 5 in. long, smooth, and deep green above and hoary beneath. The flowers are in small heads, and the fruit about the size of the sloe, and purplish black. H. S. (G. M. 1840, p. 634.) sfe at C. macrophi/lla Wall. A beautiful sub-evergreen shrub or small tree from the Himalayas, found growing on similar heights with Benthamia fragifera. Leaves Gin. long, and 2^ in. broad. H. S. (G. ili. 1840, p. 634.) 5'ambu'ce^. Page 313. •^ Yibu'rnum Awafuki Sieb.? (? V. japonicum Hort.) Leaves opposite, shining, ovate, somewhat waved on the margin. A beautiful evergreen, which, it is expected, will prove quite hardy. Easily propagated by cuttings at any season. Tooting Nursery. (G. M. 1842, p. 14.) ak V. sinense Zeyh. Leaves ovate, acuminate, subdentate, opposite ; margins subreflexed. A hardy evergreen, easily propagated by cuttings at any season. (Ibid.) m V. MuUaha Hain. Royle Illust. p. 236. (T. stellulatum Wall.) Leaves rotund, subrugose, blunty dentate, woolly beneath. A shrub from elevated situations in the Himalayas, where the fruit is eaten. Nearly allied to V. cotinifolia D. Don. A very desirable species, and very likely to prove quite hardy. (Ibid.) jt V. pygmcB'a Royle. Leaves opposite, trilobate, subserrate. A very curious dwarf deciduous shrub, from 1ft. to 1 ft. 6 in. in height; native of the Himalayas. A most desirable plant to represent the section O'pulus in a miniature arboretum. Raised in the Tooting Nursery, from seeds received from Dr. Royle. Quite hardy. (Ibid.) Lonice'r£^. Page 525. J, LoNl'cERx cilibsa Poir. Mr. Gordon suspects this to be only a variety of L. (p.) Douglasii p. 530., with leaves ciliose, and the flowers not quite so bright. ^ £rica"ce^. Page 555. «- Andro'meda. vosmarinifoiia, p. 561., is only a large-leaved variety of A. jooli- folia, but rather distinct. !U Arctosta' FHYLOS jmngens H. et B. Nov. Gen. vol. iii. p. 278. t. 259. A singular species, with small greyish entire lanceolate leaves ; prostrate and quite hardy. Mexico. H. S. {G. M. 1840, p. 634.) • A. nitida Benth. Plantae Hartweg. No. 483. An erect evergreen shrub, with oblong lanceolate acute leaves, smooth on both sides and shining above. Mexico, on the Carmen Mountains. a. Perxe'ttya angustifdlia Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 63. 1840. (P. ^hillyreaefolia Hort.) Leaves longer and narrower than those of the other introduced species. A very pretty evergreen from Chih. ( Big. 3 Blackw. Blume. - Boerh. - Bois. Bong. • Abbott. A botanical amateur. Achariiis. A Swedish professor, and writer upon Licliens. Adanson. A Frencli systematic botanist. Afzelius. A Swedish professor. Alton. Director of the Royal Garden at Kew. Allioni. An Italian botanist. See Allioni. Prosper Alpini. An Italian phy- sician, and authorof" DePlantis .Sgypti et de Balsamo," &c. Anderson. A London Merchant ; published a paper on Paeonies. Henry Andreit'S. A botanical draughtsman, and editor of the " Botanical Repository," &c. W. Arnolt. A Scotch botanist. Audibert. A nurseryman at Ta- rascon, in the south of France. B. Babington. An English botanist. Balbis. A French professor of botany. Sir Joseph Banks. Banister. A botanical author, and traveller. Bartram. Formerly a nursery- man at Philadelphia. Bastard or Batard. A writer upon the Flora of France. Batscli. A writer upon Fungi. Baudrillart. A French author on Forestry. Bauhin. Brothers, professors of medicine, published in 1620 — 16.50. Bauman. Brothers, nurserymen at BoUwyller, in France. Bentham. An English botanist, secretary to the Horticultural Society of London. Bergius. A Swedish writer upon Cape plants. Berlandier. A German botanist. Bertoloni. A writer upon the Flora of France. Besler. A German botanist. Besser, A Russian professor, re- sident in the Crimea. Bieberstein. A Russian botanist of great note. Jacob Bigelow, M.D. Professor of botany at Boston, U. S., and author of " American Medical Botany," and " Florula Bostoni- ensis." Mrs. Blackwell. An English bo- tanical artist. Blume, M.D. A Dutch botanist. Boerkaave. An old Dutch bota- nist. Boissier. A Genevese botanist. Bongard. A French botanist. Bonpl. - Booth. - Booth. - Bork. - Borrer. - Bosc. Bree. Breyn. - Brong. - Brot. Broussonet. Brown. Brunfelsck. Buck. Bunge. - Burnet. Burgsdorf. Busch. - Bonpland. A French traveller in South America, and botanist. Booth. Brothers, nurserymen at Haml)urg. IV. Beattie Booth. Describer of the Camellias figured in Chand- ler's " Illustrations of the Ca- melllese." Borkhausen. A German botani- cal author. IMlliam Borrer. A writer on British Plants, and one of the authors of "LichenographiaBri- tannica." Bosc. A French botanist, and tra- veller in North America. The Rev. W. T. Bree. An ama- teur naturalist. Breyn. Author of " Exoticarum Plantarum Centuria," &c. A. Brongniart. A French bota- nist. Brotero. A Portuguese botanist. Broussonet. A trench botanist and traveller. Ilr. Brown. A celebrated English botanist. Brunjelschius. A German bota- nist. Von Buck. A German botanist, author of a Flora of the Cana- ries. Bunge. One of the authors of " Flora Altaica." Professor Burnet. An English bo- tanist. Burgsdorf. A German botanist. Busch. A German gardener, once a nurseryman at Brentford, Mid- dlesex ; and afterwards gardener to the Empress Catherine, at Zarsko-je-selo. Camb. - Camer. - Cass. Catesb. 1 Catesby.y Catros. - Cav. C. Bank. Cels. Cels. a G. Nees~ J 'on Esen. j heck. J Cham One of the authors Brasilise meridio- C. Cambessedcs. of " Flora nalis." Camerarius. A German botanist, author of "Hcrtus Medicus et Philosophicus." &c. H. Cassini. A French botanist. M. Catesby. A botanist, and tra- veller in North America. Catros. A nurseryman at Bor- deaux. Cavanilles. A Spanish professor and botanist. Caspar Bauhin. A celebrated bo- tanist of the 16th century. Celsius, D.B: Greek professor at Upsal, and friend of Linna;us. Cels. A nurseryman in Paris. C. G. Nees Von Esenbeck. A Ger- man botanist. Chamisso. A German traveHer round the world. 1120 LIST OF AUTHORITIES Chandler. Choi's. - Clus. Colebr. - Colla. - Com. Cook. Correa. - Crantx. - Curt. Dalech. - Dan. Darlington. D. Don. - Chandler. A London nursery- man. Choisy. A Swiss botanist. Clusius. An old Frencli botanist and traveller. Colebrooke. A celebrated English writer upon Indian Plants. Colladon. A Genevese botanist. CommeUn. A Dutch botanist. Capt. S. E. Cook. A naturalist and traveller. Correa de Serra. A Portuguese botanist and diplomatist. Crantz. An Austrian botanist. Curtis. An English writer upon Plants. Author of " Historia Plantarum." 1586, ,.] Deb. De Bray. _ Dec. I DeCandolle. S Del. Delamarre. - Delarb. - Delile. - Descemet. Desf. - Desv. • Dill. Dios. Dod. 1 Dodon.S Dotnb. - Don of Forfar. Donn. - Dougl. 7 Douglas.} Dubi/. . Du Ham. Dumont. Dim. 7 Dunal.y Dupont. Du Rot. - Ehr Ehrenberg. Ehrh. - EUiot. - D. Dalechamps generalis 1587. Danish. Darlington. A writer in " Amer. Lye. N. H." of New York. David Don. Professor of Botany in King's College, London, and librarian to the Linnean So- ciety. De Bray. A botanist of Franlc- fort. A. P. DeCandolle. The cele- brated French systematic bo- tanist. See Delile. Delamarre. A French writer on Plants. Ant. Delarbre. A French bota- nist, author of " Flore d'Au- vergne." Delile. A French professor, and traveller in Egypt. Descemet. Director of the Bo- tanic Garden at Nilcitka, in the Crimea. Desfontaines. A French botani- cal author, and traveller in Bar- bary. A French professor of An English botanical Desvaux. botany, Dillenius author. Dioscorides. An ancient classic author and botanist. Dodona;us, or Dodoens. A botanist of the 16th century. Dombey. A French traveller m South America. Don of Forfar. A Scotch bota- nist. Donn. Formerly curator of the Cambridge Botanic Garden. David Douglas. The celebrated botanical collector and martyr. Duby. A French botanist. Du Haniel. A celebrated French author. Dumont de Courset. Author of " Le Botaniste Cultivateur." Dunal. A French botanist. Dupont. A French botanist, au- thor of " Double Flore Parisi- enne." 1805. Du Hoi. A German writer upon Plants. E. See Ehrenberg. Ehrenberg. A German traveller in Arabia, &c. Ehrhart. A German botanist. Elliot. An American botanist. Ellis. ■ Eng. Eschsch. Fisch. 7 Fischer. J FlUgge. - Forbes. - Forskoel. Forsk. - Forst. - Fourc. Fr. Fries. Fuch. Gcert. - Garden. Gaudichaud. ■ G. Don. - Ger. Gcr. 7 Girard.i Gesn. Gill. Gill, et Hook. Gmel. - Godefroy. Goldie. - Gordon. - Gouan. - Grah. 7 Graham, j GUldenst. Guss. Ellis. A London merchant and botanist. English. Dr. Eschscholtz. A German bo- tanist. Dr. Fischer. A Russian bota- nist. Fiiigge. A Germat) writer upon Grasses. Forbes. Gardener to His Grace the Duke of Bedford, at Wo- burn. Forskoel. A Swedish botanist. Forskahl. A Danish naturalist, and traveller in Arabia. Forsters {Father and Son). Tra- vellers in the South Seas with Captain Cook. A. F. Fourcroy. A French bo- tanist. French. Fries. A Swedish botanist, and writer upon Wngi. Fuchs. A celebrated German bo- tanist. G. Gcertner. A celebrated German carpologist. Garden. A Scotch physician resi- dent at Charleston. Gaudichaud. A French botanist. Geo. Don. A botanist, and editor of " Don's Miller." German. Gerard. A French botanist. Conrad Gesner of Zurich, a fa- mous botanist. Dr. Gillies. A botanist and tra- veller. See Gill., and also Hook. Gmclin. A Russian botanist, and traveller in Siberia. Godefroy. A nurseryman at Ville d'Avray, near Paris. Goldie. A nurseryman at Ayr, in Scotland. George Gordon. Superintendant of the .'Vrboretum in the Horti- cultural Society's Garden. Gotcan. A French botanist. Graham, M.D. Regius professor of Botany at Edinburgh. Giildenstaedt. A Russian bo- ^ tanist. Joannes Gussone, M.D. Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Palermo, and a botanical author. Hall. - Hall. fil. Ham. 7 Hamilt. 3 Hart. - Hartweg. Hartwiss. Hayne. - Haworth. H.B.- H. B. et Kth. Herm. Hoffmanns. H. Holler. A Swiss botanist. Holier the younger. Hamilton. A botanist, and travel. ler in the East Indies. Hartweg. Author of " Hortus Carlsruhensis." Hartweg. Son of the above. A botanical traveller and collector. Hartiviss. A German botanist. Hayne. A German botanist. Haworth. An English botanist. Humboldt and Bonptand. Famous travellers and botanists. Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. German botanists. Herman. A Dutch botanist. Hoffmannsegg. A botanist of Dresden. FOR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES, ETC. 1121 Hook. - Hook, et Am. Jloppe. f llopp. S Horn. Hon. - Hort. Bur. Sort. Par. Host. Hoss. H. S. . Huds. . Huinh. el Bunp. Humb. et Bonpl. lUig. I Jllilicr.S Ital. Jacq. Jacq.etBoc- \ cone. 3 Sir W. J. Hooker. Regius pro. fessor of Botany in the Univer- sity of Glasgow. Sir tV. J. Hooker and W. Arnott, authors of " The Botany of Capt. Beechey's Voyage to the Pacific," &c. lloppe. A German botanist, and collector of plants. Hornemann. A Danish botanist and professor. Hortulanorum. Of the Garden- ers. Hortus Huroverni, by W. Mas- ters. Of the Paris Garden. Host. An Austrian botanist, and botanical author. Hdss. An Austrian writer on Forestry. The London Horticultural Society. Hudson. An English writer upon British plants. Humboldt and Bonpland. — See //. B. James don. Gor- J. Eauh. KcempJ. ■ Kcr. Kerner. Kit. 7 Kitaib. S Knoivl. et 7 Westcott. i Koch. Koekl. - Krat/se. 1 KrauiS. J Kunih. - Lab. } Labill. J Xog. - Lam. \ Lamarck. $ Lamb. \ J.amierl. j I. C. linger. history. Italian. A writer on natural Jacquin. An Austrian traveller in South .\mevica, and botanist. Jacquin. A celebrated Austrian botanist. — Boccone. A botanist of Italy. James Gordon. A celebrated nur- seryman at Mile End, near London, who corresponded with Linnaeus. Jo. Bauhiu, brother of Caspar Bauhin, and author of " His- toria Plantarum universalis." 1650, 1G51. Jussieu. A celebrated French systematic botanist. K. Kiempjer. A traveller in Japan. Kcr. A dcscriber of plants in " Bot. Reg." J. S. Kerner. Author of " Figures (et Descriptions) des Plantes econoraiques." 178G — 1794. Kitaibel. A Hungarian botanist. Knou'les (G. B.) and Westcott (F.). Conductors of the " Floral Cabinet." Koch. A professor at Erlangon. Koehler. A writer on German and French grasses. Krause. A Dutch botanist, and author of " Boomen eu Hces- tar." Kimih. A Prussian botanist. LinncEus. The celebrated re- former of natural history. Labillardiire. A French bota- nist. Lagasca. A Spanish botanist and professor. Lamarck. A French botanist. A. B. Lambert, F. B. S. Pre- sident of the Linnean Society. Lanih. - - Lanth. Author of " Dissertatio de Acere." Lap. ■> - I.a Peyrouse. A French writer Lapeij. 3 upon tlie plants of the Pyre- nees. Lawr. - - Lawrence (Miss). An Englisli flower-painter. Laxm. - Laxmann. A German writer on Siberian plants. J^ech. - - Lechenault. A French botanist. Led. 7 - Ledebour. A botanist, and tra- I^edeb. J veller in Siberia. Lee. - - Lee. A nurseryman at Hammer. smith. Lessing. - Lcssing. A writer on Composita;, and resident at Berlin. L.fil. - - J, inncBUS the younger. VHer. 7 - ('• L. Heriticr. A French liota- L'Herit. J nist and author . Linn. - - Linmeus. The celebrated re- former of natural history. Lindl. - - Dr. Lindley, F.R.S., S[C. Pro- fessor of botany in University College, London. L'Jik. A celebrated Prussian bo- tiuiist. > - Label. An old writer upon plants. '■fessrs. Loddiges. Celebrated English nurserymen and bota- nists, Hackney. Loiseleur Deslongchatnps. A French botanist. Loureiro. A Portuguese travel. ler in Cochin-China. Lyon. A collector of American plants. 1 Link. Lk. Lob. Lobcl. L'Obel. Lodd. Loddiges Lois. 7 J^ois. Des- r longchampsj Lour. - Ijyon. - Mack ay. Malcolm. Marsh. 7 Marshall. S Mart. - Masters. Matth. - Medik. - Mcnzies. Mertens. Meyer. - Michx. 7 Michaui. 3 Michx. fils. 7 Michx. jun. $ Mill. - Mirb. - M'Xab. - Moc. Moc. et Sesse. M/rnch. - Miihl. f Muhlcnb. > Muhlenberg. 3 Munch. - Munt. 7 ■ Muniing. j Mzirr. - M. J. T. Mackay, A.L.S. Author of " Flora Hibernica." jlilcolm. Late nurseryman at Kensington. Marshall. A writer on American trees. Dr. Martius. A celebrated Ger- man botanist and traveller. 'r. Masters of the Canterbury Nursery. Matthiolus. An Italian physician. Medicus. A German botanist of the last century. 2!en::ies. A Scotch botanist, and traveller round the world with Vancouver. Mertens. A French botanist. Meyer. A German botanist. Michaux. A French botanist, and traveller in N. Amer., and au- thor of " Flora Borealis Ameri. cana." Michaux the younger. Also a botanist and traveller in N.Ame- rica, author of " Histoire des .\rbres de I'.'Vmerique." Miller. An English gardener and botanist. Mirbel. A French physiological botanist. M'Xab. Superintendant of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. Mocino. A Mexican botanist. Mocino and Sesse. Two Mexican botanists. Mwnch. A German botanist. Muhlenberg. botanist. A North Amcric.v.i A Baron Otto von Munchausen, German botanist. A. Munting. A German bota- nist. Murray. A German botanist. 4 C 1122 LIST Oh AUTHORITIES. M'ulis. N. Amer. Neck. I Necker. J Nees. Nees von Esenbeck. Neill. ] Nesil. - Niss. 1 Nissole. ) Nois. 7 Noisette, j Null. I Nuttall. \ (Ed. Opiz. Pali. - Farm. - Parkinson. ■ Pav. Penny. - Perrottet Pers. Ph. Pliny. Plulc. - Pair. Poit. et Turp. Poll. Port. Potts. - Pourr. - Presl. - Pursh. - Mutis. A Spanish botanist, resi- dent in New Grenada. Mickaux. See Michx. N. N. Amer. North American. Neckcr. A German writer upon botanical affairs. Nees von Esenbeck. A German botanist. Dr. Neill of Canon Mills. A zealous botanist, and promoter of horticulture. - Nestler. A botanist of Strasburg. - Nissole. A French botanist. - Noisette. A French nurserjTnan. - Nuttall. A North American bo- tanist. li.etP. H.SlS. - liaf. f Rafin. > Rafinesque. 3 Hnmond. Ray. R. Br. I R. Brown. J Red. 7 Rerioute. J Reich. - Rcncaul'n. Relz. Rich. Richards. Richar rds. 7 •dson. S Oeder. Opiz. O. A Danish botanist. A German botanist. P. Pallas. A Russian traveller and naturalist. Parmenlier. A French nursery- man. Parkinson. An old botanical au- thor, Pavon. A Spanish botanist. George Penny. A botanist and nurseryman. Perrottet. A French botanist. Persoon. A French botanist and botanical author. Pursh. A Prussian botanist, and traveller in North America. Pliny. An ancient naturalist, and classic author. L. Plukenett. A Dutch botanist. Poiret. A French botanical writer. Poiteau and Turpin. French bo- tanical draughtsmen. Pollich. A German writer on the plants of the Palatinate. Porttii-ucse. J. Potts. A collector of plants in China. Pourret. A French botanist. Presl. A Bohemian botanist. Pursh. A Prussian botanist, and traveller in North America. R. Ruiz and Pavon. Spanish bota- nists and travellers in Peru and Chile. Rccmer et Schultz. German bota- nists. Rafinesque Schmalz. A botanical author. Ramond. A French botanist. John Hay. A celebrated botanist and naturalist. Dr. Robert Brown, F.R.S., Sfc. A distintruished English botanist, and traveller in New Holland, Redoute. A French botanist. Rcichenbach. A German bota- nist. P. Reneaulme. Author of " Spe- cimen Historis Plantarum." 1611. Robs. Rom. et ~y Schult. ( Jlcem. ett Schult. J Ronalds. Rossm'dssler. ■ Rott. Roxb. Royle. - ieiPav.') ■.etPa- V n. 3 Ruiz ei Pav.; Ruiz I von. Russ. Russ. Retzius. A German botanist Richard. A French botanist. Dr. Richardson. A traveller ici the northern parts of British America, and author of the -Ap- pendix on Natural History to Franklin's " Travels." Robson. An English botanist. Roemer, a German botanist ; and Schultz, a Bavarian botanist. Ronalds, A nurseryman at Brent- ford. Rossm'dssler. A German ento- mologist. Rottler. A German missionary. Roxburgh. An Indian botanist. Dr. Royle, F.R.S., SfC. Prof, of Mat. Med. in King's College. Author of " Illustrations of the Natural History and Botany of the Himalayas," &c. Ruiz and Pavon. Spanish bota- nists, and travellers in Peru and Chile. Russell. A botanist of Aleppo. Russian. .Sab. 1 Sabine. J Sal. 7 Salisb. S Sa7ig. Santi. Schiede et f Deppe. S Schl. Schlecht. Schlecht. ctl Cham. J Schleicher. Schmidt. Schrad. 1 Schrader. 3 Schrank. Schrcb. - Schubert. Schult. 7 Schultes. 3 Scop. Ser. 7 Seringe. S Sibth. - Sieb. Sieb. Sievers. Sims. Smith. Smith of Ayr. Sol. 7 Soland. J Soularjgc- 7 Bodin. i Spach, - Span. J. Sabine, F.R.S., S;c. A great encourager of natural history, botany, and gardening. Salisburij. An eminent English botanist. Sang. A Scotch nurseryman and author. Santi. An Italian botanist. Schiede atid Deppe. Writers on the botany of Mexico. Schleicher. A Swiss plant-col- lector. Schlechtendahl. A celebrated German botanist. Schlechtendahl and Chamisso Two German botanists. Schleicher. A Swiss plant-col- lector. - Schmidt. A German botanical autlior. - Schrader. A German botanist. - Schrank. A Bavarian botanist. - Schreber. A German botanist. - Schubert. A Polish botanist. - Schultes. A Bavarian botanist. - Scopoli. An Italian botanist. - Scringe. A Swiss botanist. - Sibthorp. An English botanist, snd professor of botany at Oxford, traveller in Greece, and author of '• Flora Gra;ca." Sieber. A botanical collector. - Siebold (Dr. von). A Bavarian botanist, who has imported many valuable plants from Japan. - Sievers. A German botanist. - Sims. An English garden bo- tanist. - Sir J. E. Smith. ^Founder of the Lin. Soc, and author of several botanical works. Smith. Nurseryman of Ayr. Solander. A "Swedish botanist, and companion of Sir Joseph Banks in Cook's voyage round the world. Soulange-Bodin. A French bo- tanist and horticulturist. Spach. A writer in the " Ann-ales des Sciences Naturclles." Spanish, LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. J 123 Spr. I Spreng.S Step/i. } Stephens, i Stcv. I Steven. S Stokes. - Svenks. Sweet. - Swed. - Sict. Swz. I Stvariz. S Sprengel. A German botanist. Stephens. A British entomologist. Steven. A Russian botanist. Stokes. An English physician. Svenks. A Swedish botanical author. See Swt. Swedish. Sweet. An English botanist. Stvarlz. A Swedish botanist, and traveller in the West Indies. Tausch. Tav. Ten. 1 Tenore. J Theoph. Thore. - - Thory. - - I'houin. Thuil. \ Thuillier. J ' Thun. \ Thuuh.S T. Nees ah E. Torrey. - Torr. et Gray. Town. Trag. - Trat. - Vahl. Vail. Vent. 7'ausch. A German botanist. Tavernier. A traveller in the East. Tenore. A Neapolitan bot.inist. 2% eoph rastus. Thore. A French botanist. Thory. A French botanist. Thouin. A French botanist. Thuillier. A French botanist. Thvnherg. A Swedish botanical traveller. T. Nees nb Esenbeck. A German botanist. Torrey. An American botanist. Drs. Torrey and Gray. Authors of the " Flora of North America." Tournefort. An old French bo- tanist, and traveller in Greece and Asia Minor. Tragus or Bock. A German bo- tanist. Traitinik. A botanist of Vienna. Vnhl. A botanical author. Vaillant. A French botanist and traveller. Ventenat. A French botanist. Verx. » Vest. Vill. I Villars. S Vin. Vis. Vitm. - Viv. IVahlenb. - Wal. I - Waldst.S Waldst. et Kit. Walker. Wall. - - Wallr. - Walt. - - Wang. ~) Wangenh. ( Wangen- f heim. J Wats. 1 - Watson, i Webb. - . Weihe et Nees. Wendl. - Wicks. - Willd. - - Wood. 7 Woods, y Woodv. Wulf. - - Hoffman's Ve)-zcichmingen. iiber Fyrus J'es't. A Styrian botanist. Villars. A French botanist. JacQuin's " Horius Vindobo- nensis." Dr. Visiani. A writer on the Flora of Dalmatia. Vitniann. A German botanist. Viviani. An Italian botanist. W. Willdcnow. A German botanist, and etlitor of an edition of Lin- na^us's " Species Piantarura," &c. TVahlcnberg. A Swedish ootanist. Vr'aldstein. Anoble German patron of botany. Waldslein and Kitaibel. Authors of the " Flora of Hungary." Dr. Walker. A Scotch writer or. plants. Waliich. Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. Wallroth. A German botanist. Walter. A writer on the " Flora of Carolina." Wangenheim. A German botanist. JVatson. An English writer upon trees and shrubs. Webb. An English botanist and author. Weihe and Nees. Two German writers on iJClbi. i'r'endland. A German garden bo- tanist. Wickstrom. A German botanist. See W. Woods. An English writer on roses. U'oodville. An English botanist. Wulfen. A German botanist. LIST OF HOOKS REFERRED TO, THE TITLES OF WHICH ARE ABRIDGED IN THE TEXT. Abhildung der deutschen Holzarlen, ^c. F. Guim- pel, C. L. Willdenow, and F. G. H.ayne, AbbiU dung der deutschen Holzarten, &c. Berlin, 1820. 4to, pi. 216. Ahbildung der fre7nden in Deutschland aus- dancrnden Holzarten. I^c. F. Guimpel, Abbil- dungen der fremden in Deutschland aus- dauernden Holzarten, mit Angabe der Cultur von F. Otto.und Beschreibungvon F. G. Hayne. Berlin. 1819— 182r). 4to. Abb. Inst. See Abbott and Smith's Natural His. tory of Georgia. . . Abb. and Smith, Ins. qf Georgia. See ibid. Abbott and Smith's Insects of Georgia. See ibid. Abbott and Smith's Natural Histori/ of Georgia. Abbott and Smith's Natural History of the Le- pidopterous Insects of Georgia. London. 2 vols. Abel's Chin Personal Ob5»rvations made during the Progress of the British Embassy to China, and on its Voyage to and from that Country in the years 1816 and 1817. By Clerk Abel. Lend. 1818. 4to. Abhand. Konig. Aknd. JVissens. Berlin. Abhand- lungen der Physikalischen Kasse der Kiinig. lich-Preussisehen -■ikademie der Wissen- schaften aus den Jahren 1820 und 1821. Berlin, 1822. 4to. Achar. Acad. Handl. Acharius in Konigl. Veten- skaps-Academiens Handlinger. 1741, and con- tinued. 8vo. Act. Gall. Slemoires de 1' AcademieRoyale deParis. Act. Nat. Cur. Acta Natura Curiosorum. No- rimbergic et Bonn». 1730, and continued. 4to. Act. Nat. Scrut. Berl. Beschiiftigungen der Berlinischer Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. Berlin, 1775, and continued. 8vo. Act. Peirop. Comnientarii AcademiavScientiarura Imperiaiis Petropolitanse. Petropoli, 1728 — 1751. 14vols. 4to. Act. Soc. Batav. Verhandelingen van het Ba. taafsch Genootschapp der Proefondervindelyka wysbegeerte te Rotterdam. Rotterdam, 1774, and continued. 4to. Act. Suec. Acta Literaria Suecise. Upsal, 1720, kc. 4to. Act. Taur. Memoires de I'Academie Royale (ief Sciences de Turin. 4to. 1782—1816. 4C 2 1124 LIST OF BOOKS REFEURED TO. Adans, Tarn. Families des Plantes, &c. By Michael Adanson. PaiMs, 1763. 2 vols. 8vo. AJi.. Jios. Suec. Tent. Afzelius (Ad.), I^e Rosis Suecanis Tentaraina. Upsal, 1804—1807. 4to. Agn'cult. Manual. The Agriculturist's Manual ; being a familiar Description of the Agricultural Plants cultivated in Europe, including Practical Observations, &c. By P. Lawson and Son. Edinb. 1836. 8vo. Ait. Hart. Kcw. W. Aiton's Hortus Kewensis. A Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kcw. Lond. 1810. H vols. 8vo. Aid. Hurt. Far. Aldinus (Tob.), Descriptio ra. riorum Plantarum in Hcrto Farnesiano. Romae, 16'2.t. fol. All. Fed. AUioni (C), Flora Pedemontana, sive Enumeratio methodica Stirpium indigenarura Pedemontii. Aug. Taur. 1785. 3 vols. fol. pi. 92. Alp. Eg. Prosper Alpinus, Do Plantis iEgypti Liber. Venetiis, l-'')92. 4to. Alp. Exot. Alpimis (P.), De Plantis Exoticis Libri ii. Edidit (A.) Alpinus. Venetiis, 1629. 4to. Alpin. Exoi. Id., De Plantis Exoticis Libri duo. Venetiis, 1629. 4to. Am. Acad. Amoenitates Academicee, seu Disser- tationes variEB Physic;s, &c. By Linnteus and his Pupils. Erlangen, 1790. 10 vols. Aitier. Lye. N. H. of New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. New York, 1824, and continued. 8vo. Ainm. Ruth. See Animann Stirp. Ruth. Aimnann Stirp. Ruth. Ammann (Johan.), Stir- pium rariorum in Imperio Rutheno sponte pro- venientium Icones et Descrii)tioncs. Petrop. 17-39. 4to. Anderson MS. Geo. Anderson, Esq., Tooley Street and North Mimms, Herts. Andr. Bot. Rep. Tiie Botanist's Repository for New and Rare Plants. By H. C. Andrews. Lond. 1797. et seq. 10 vols. 4to. Andr. Heaths. Coloured Engravings of Heaths, v/ith botanical descriptions. Id. Lond. 1802 — 1809. 3 vols. fol. An. Hort. Soc. Far. See Annates de la Societe d' Horticulture de Paris. Arileit. die B'dutne und Strauche Oesterreichs, S(C. Gemeinfassliche Anleitung die BUume und Ktriiuche Oesterreichs aus den Blattern zu er- kennen. Von Franz Hoss. Vienna, 1830. 12mo. Ann. d Hort. See Annates de la Societe d' Hor- ticulture de Paris. Annates d'Hort. de Paris. See Ibid. Annates de la Societe d' Horticulture de Paris. In monthly Nos. 8vo. 1827, and continued ; amounting, in 1837, to 21 vols. 8vo. Annates du Mus^e. Annales du Museum d'His- toire Naturelle. Paris. 8vo. Begun in 1802, and continued. Ann. du Mjis. d'Hisl. Nat. de Paris. See An- nales du Musee. Ann. Lye. See Amer. Lye. N. H. of New York. Ann. of Bot. Annals of Botany. By C. Konig and J. Sims. Lond. 180,5, 1806. 2 vols. 8vo. Ann. Sc. Nat. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Sc. Paris. 8vo. Ann. Nat. Hist. Annals of Natural History. By Sir W. J. Hoolier and others. Antoine's Conifcren. Die Coniferen, &c. By Franz Antoine. Arb. Brit. Arboretum et Fruticetum Britanni- cum. 1st ed. Ard. Mem. Pietro Arduini, Memoria di Osser- vazioni e di Spericuze sopra la Coltura e gli Usi di varic Piantc. Padova, 1776. 4to. Asiat. Research. Asiatic Researches : or. Trans- actions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the History, the Antiquities, the Arts and Sciences, and Literature of Asia. Calcutta, 1788, continued. Asso Si/n. Arr. Ignatius De Asso, Synopsis Stirpium indigenarum Arragoniae. Marsiiise, 1779. 4to. Audit). Cat. Audibert of Tarascon's Nursery Catalogue. Balh. Cat. Tniir. Balbis (.T. B.), Catalogi Horti Botanici Taurinensis. 1805—1813. 8vo. Banist. Cat. Stirp. J'irg. Herbarium Virgin!, aiuim : or, an Account of such Plants as J. Ba- nister sent the Designs of to the Bishop of London, published in James Petiver's Memoirs for the Curious. 1767. Banks. Herb. The Banksian Herbarium, now in the British Bluseum. Banks Icon. Ka:mpf. Josephus Banks, Icones selectaa Plantarum quas in Japonia collegit et delineavit E. Krempfer. Lond. 1791. fol. Barrel. Icon. See Barretter Flantce, Sfc. Barrelier Plantce per Gatliam, Sjc. Plantse per Galliam Hispaniam et Italiam observatse. By Jacob Barrelier. Paris, 1714. Fol. Barr. Bar. See Barrelier Plantce, Sfc. Bart. Cat. Bartram's Catalogue of American Trees and Shrubs. Bart.Fl.Vir. Barton (W. P. C). A Flora of North America. Philadelphia. 1831. 8vo. Bartram Itin See Bartratn's Travels. Bartram's Travels. Travels through South and North Carolina. By William Bartram. Phi- ladelphia, 1791. 1 vol. 8vo. Bartj-am Trav., ed. Geim. William Bartram's Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Carolina, aus dem Englischen, von E. A. V/. Zimmermann. Berol. 1793- 8vo. Batard Suppl. Supplement a I'Essai sur la Flore du Departement de Maine et l^oire. By T. Bastard, or Batard. Angers, 1812. 1 fasc, 12mo. Bat. Fl. Main, et Loire Suppl. See Batard Suppl. Baudrill. Traite, SfC. Traite General des Eaux et Forets, Chasses, et Peches. By Baudrillart, and others. Paris, 1825. 5 vols. 4to. Bank. (J:) Hist. Historia Plantarum universalis. By J. Bauhin. Ebroduni, 16-50, 1651. 3 vols, folio. Bauh. Pin. Pinax Theatri Botanici. By C. Bauhin. Basileas. Ed. 1 ., 1623; ed. 2.. 1671. 4to. Bauh. Prod. ProdromusTheatri Botanici. Frank. Main. 1620. Baum. Cat. Catalogi Horti Bolhvylleriani. By the brothers Baumann. 1810 — 1814. Bau- mann's Catalogue for 1838 forms an article in m\ Appendix to the larger Arboretum. Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI. British Phffinogamous Bo- tany ; or. Figures and Descriptions of the Genera of British Flowering Plants. By VV. Baxter, A.L.S., Curator of the Oxford Botanic Garden. O.Kford. In monthly Nos. 8vo. 3 vols, published in 1837. Bechst. Forsib. Bechstein (J. M.), Forstbotanik, &c. Gotha, 1821. 8vo. Beech. Voy. Ft. Bot. Voj'age to the Pacific and Behring's Straits, to co-operate with the Polar E.\peditions in 1825—1828. Lond. 1831. In 2 parts. 4to. Bcllardi App. ad Fl. Fed. Appendix ad Floram Pederaontan.im. 1790 and 1791. 8vo. Bell. Conifer. l>e Arboribus coniferis, resiniferis, aliisque sempiterna Fronde virentibus. By Pierre Belon, or Bellon. Paris, 15.53. 4to. Belt. It. Bellon (P.), Plurimarum singnlarium et memorabilium Rcrum in Grcecia, &C. Ant- verpiae, 1589. 8vo. Bellon. Obs. Bellonii Observationes in Clusii Exoticarum Libri x. 1605. Fol. pi. 2S7. Berl. MSS. Berlandier's MSS. Bertol. PL Gen. Pl.antae Genuenses quas annis 1802, 1803 observavit et recensuit A. Bertoloni. Genua;, 1804. 8vo. Bcsl. Eyst. See Best. Hart. Eyst. Best. Hort. Eyst. J'ern. Ord. Hortus Eystetten- sis. By Basilius Besler. Nuremberg, 1612. 2 vols. fol. Besset En. PI. Volhyn. See Besser Enum. PI. Volh., SjC. Besser Enum. Fl. Pod., &c. See ibid. Bess. E/iian. Fl. Volh. Enumeratio Plantarum Volhynia-, Podolia;, &c. By W. J. J. Besser. Vilns, 1822. 8vo. Bess. Prim. Fl. Gal. Primitia; Flora; Galiciae. Id. Vienna, 1809. 2 vols. 12mo. Bibliotheca Gcoponica. A work of the late Mr. Forsyth, not yet published. Bibtiotheque Pkysico-^conoiniqzie, Bibliotheqiio AST OF COOKS IlEFEURED TO. 1125 Physico-E'conDmique,Instructive,etAmusanto. 1794. Sibl. Univ. Bibliotheque Universelle dc Gcnuve. Geneva. 8vo. Bibl. Univ. de Gcnivc. See Bib/. Univ. Bieb. Casp. Beschrcibiing der Liiiider zivischen den Fliissen Terek und Kur am Caspischen Moeie. By L. B. V. Marschall de Bieberstein. Frankfurt am Mayn, 1800. 8vo. Bieb. Cent. PI. Bar'. Centuria Plantarum riri- oriim Rossiffi raeridionalis, praesertim Tauriae ot Caucasi. Id. Charkov. 1810. fol. Bieb. Fl. Taui-.-Caitc. Flora Taurico-Caucasica, >!Xhibens stirpes phsnogamas in Chersoneso- Taurica et Hegionibus Caucasicis sponte cres-. centes. Id. Charkov. 1808— 1819. 3 vols. 8vo. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Siippl. See Bieb. Supp. Bieb. Supp. Flora Taurico-Caucasica. Vol. III., seu Supplementum. Id. Charkov. 1819. 8vo. Big. Med. Bot. American Medical Botany. By J. Bigelow. Boston, 1817—1821. Svo. Biv. St. Sic. Mant. Stirpium rariorum in Sicilia provenientiura Manip. Fanorm. 1813 — 1816. 4 vols. Svo. Black. Herb. A curious Herbal ; containing 600 Cuts of the Useful Plants. By Elizabeth Black- well. London, 1737. 2 vols. fol. Slack. Icon. See Black. Herb. Blum. Bijdr. See Blmne Bijdr. Fl. Ind. Blum. Bijdr. Fl. Ind. Bijdragen tot de Flora van nederlandsche Indie. By C. L. Blume. Batavia, 1825, 1820. Blume Fl.Jav. Flora; Javae et Insularum adja- centiiim. By C. L. Blame and J. B. Fischer. Bruxellis, 1828. Fol. Bocc. Muss. Museo di Piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Gcrniania. By Paulo Boccone. Venetia, 1697. 410. Boerh. Lngd. Index Plantarum quae in Ilorto Acad. Lugduno-Batavo reperiuntur. By H. Boerhaave. Lugd. Bat. 1710. 4to. Boissi. Not. Boissier, Notice surl'Abies Pinsapo. Geneva, 1839. Bo7i Jard. he Bon Jardinier, contenant les Principes generaux do Culture, &c. Paris, 12mo. A volume yearly. Bork. Holz. Beschroibung der in den Hessen- Darmstadtischen Landen im Freien wachsen- den Holzarten. By M. B. Borkhausen. Frankf. Main, 1790. Svo. Boner MSS. Manuscript Information re- ceived from W. Borrer, Esq. Base Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. Actes de )a So- ciete d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris, 1792. Fol. Bosc Diet. d'Agric. Nouveau Cours complet d'Agriculture thi'orique et pratique. New edition. Paris, 1821— 1823. 16 vols. Svo. Bosc Metn. sur les Chencs. Memoires sur les dif- ferentes especes de Chenes qui croissent en France. By L. Bosc. Paris, 1808. 4to. Botanist. The Botanist. Conducted by B.Maund, Esq., F.L.S., assisted by Professor Henslow. In monthly Nos.Svo. Botaniste Cultivateur ; or Description, Culture, and Use of the greatest Part of the Plants, Fo. reign and Indigenous, which are cultivated in France and England, according to the Method of Jussieu. By Dumoi.t De Courset. Paris, 1802, .5 vols. Svo. ; ed. 2. Paris, 1811, 6 vols. Svo. Supplement on vol.vii. 1814. But. Cab. See Lodd. Bot. Cab. Bot. Cult. See Botaniste Cnltivateur. Bot. Gard. See Maund's Bot. Gard. Bot. Mag. See Curt. Bot. Mag. But. Reg. Mon. Chron. Chronicleof New Plants published monthly at the end of the " Bo- tanical Register. " Bot. Reg. Edwards's Botanical Register. Lond. Svo. Begun in 181. ^i, and continued monthly. Conducted now by Dr. Undley. Bot. Rep. See Andr. Bot. Hep. Bot. Zeit. Botanische Zeitung. BoJitclier's Treatise on raising Forest Trees. Edinb. 1775. 4to. Breyn. Cerit. Exoticarum Plantarum Centuria. By .Tacobus Breynius. Gedani, 1G78. Fol. Brit. FL Gard. See Sweet. Bromel. Chi. Goth. Chloris Gotliica. By Olaus Eroraelius. Gothoburgi, 1G94. Svo. Brong. Mem. PJtam. Memoire sur la Famille des Rhamnees ; ou Histoire Naturelle et Me- dicale des Genres qui composent ce Group des Plantes. Par Adolphe Brongniart. Paris, 1826. 4to. Brot. Flor. Lus. See Brotero's Flora Lusitanica. Brotero's Fl. Lus. See ibid. Brotero's Flora Lusitanica. Olissiponae, 1804. 2 vols. Svo. Brot. P/ii/t. Phytographia Lusitaniaj selectior. By Felix Avellar Brotero. Olissipona;, 1801. fol. Brown Prod. Prodromus Florae Novas Hol- landicB et Insulas Van Diemen. By Robert Brown. Lond. 1810. Svo. Bi/c/i Fl. Can. Von Buch's Flora of the Canaries. Bull. Fl. Par. Flora Parisiensis. 3y Bulliard. Paris, 1776—1780. 5 vols. Svo. Bull. Herb. Herbier de la France Id. 1780 et scq. fol. pi. 600. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mos. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles de Moscou. Burgsd. Anleit. Burgsdorf (F.A.L.), Anleitung zur sichern Erziehur.g und zweck > iissigen Anpflanzung der einheimischen und iremden Holzarten welche in Deutschland ^nd unter ahnlichen Klima im freien fortkommen. 1795. 2 vols. Svo. Buxb. Cent. J. C. Buxbaum, Plantarum minus cognitarum CenturiEe quinque. Petropoli, 1728—1740. 5 vols. 4to. Buxb. Hal. Id., Enumeratio Plantarum in Agro Hallense crescentium. Haloe, 1721. Svo. C. Cal. Mem. Memoirs of the Caledonian Horti- cultural Society. Camb. Ann. Sci. Nat. See Cambessedes Mon. Spir., SjC. Cambessedes Mon. Spir. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Cam- bessedes's Monograph of the Spirieas, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, tom. 1. Cam. Epit. Joachim Camerarius, De Plantis Epitome utilissiaia. Francof. Maen. 158G. 4to. Catesb. Carol. Catesby's Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. Lond. 1741—1743. 2 vols, folio. Cat. Jlort. Vindob. See Jacq. Ilort. J'in. Cav. Diss. A. J. Cavanilles, Monadelphife Classis Dissertationes Decem. Matrit. 1790. 4to. pi. 297. Cav. Ic. Id., Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum qua: aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in Hortis hospitantur. Matrit. 1791— 1801. 6 vols, fol. pi. 601. Cels. Ups. Celsius, Hortus Upsalensis. C/wis. Prod. Hyp. J. D. Choisy, Prodromus d'une Monographic des Hypcricinees. Geneva, 1821. 4to. Churchill's Medical Botany. IMcdical Botany ; or. Illustrations and Descriptions of the Medi- cinal Plants of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopceias. By 3. Stephenson, M.D., &c., and James Morss Churchill, F.L.S. Lond. 1831. 4 vols. Svo. Clayt. Flor. Virgin. Gronovius (J. F.), Flora Virginica, exhibeiis Plantas quas J. Clayton in Virginia collegit. Lugduni Batavorum, 1743. Svo. Clas. Hist. See Clusius's Rariorum Plant- arum. Clus. Pan. Carolus Clusius, Rariorum aliquot Stirpium per Pannoniam obscrv. Historia. 1583. Svo. Clusius's Rariorum Plantarum. Id., Rariorum Plantarum Historia. Antvcrpia-. li;05. fol. Colla Hort. Rip. See Coila Hurt. liipiil. Colla Hort. Ripul. Colla, Hortus Ripulensis. Turin, 1829—1837. 4to. 4c 3 1126 l-IST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Com. Hort. See Comm. Horl. Amst. Comm. Gcei. Coramentarii Societatis regia Goettingensis. 1751, 1754, 1769—1816. 4 vols. 4to. Comm. Hort. Amst. Joh. Commelyn, Horti ineiUci Amstelodamensis rarioriim Plantarum Descriptio et Icones. Pars prima. Amstelod. 1097- fol. Pars altera. By Casp. Commelyn. 170:3. fol. Comp. Bot. Mag. See Covipanion to the Botanical Magazine. Companion to the Botanical Magazine ; being a Journal containing such interesting botanical Information as does not come within the pre- scribed Limits of the Magazine ; with occa- sional figures. By Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. Begun in 1835. Cord. Hist. Cordus (C), Historia Plantarum, ed. a C. Gesnero. Argentorati, 1651. Folio. Corn. Can. Jacob Cornuti, Canadensium Plan- tarum aliarumque nondum editarura Historia. Paris, 1636. 4to. Crantz Austr. Henr. Joh. Nepom. Crantz, Stirpes Austriacfe. 1762. 8vo. Curt. Bot. Mag. The Botanical Blagazine, &c. By W. Curtis ; continued by Dr. Sims ; and, since the death of Dr. Sims, by Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. Begun in 1787, and continued in monthly Nos. 8vo. Curt. Fl. Lond. See Curt. Lond. Curt. Lond. Flora Londinensis ; or, Plates and Descriptions of such Plants as grow wild in the Environs of London, with their places of Growth, &c. By W.Curtis. Lond. 1777. 3 vols, fol. pi. 432. Dalech. Hist. See Dalechamp's Hist. Plant. Dalechamp's Hist. Plant. Jacques Dalechamp's Historia generalis Plantarum. Lugd. 1586, 1587. 2 vols, folio. Davy's Agricultural Chemistry. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry. By Sir Humphry Davy. In a Course of Lectures for the Board of Agriculture. London, 1813. 4to. Dec. Astr. Augustin Pyramus DeCandolle, As- tragalogia. Paris, 1802. 4to et fol. Dec. Fl. Fr. Id. et Lamarck, Flore Frangaise. Paris, 1805—1815. 5 vols. 8vo. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. See Dec. Fl. Fr. Dec. Fl. Gall. See Dubt/. Dec. Hort. Monsp. See Dec. Cat. Hort. Monsp. Dec. Cat. Hort. Monsp. Id., Catalogus Planta- rum Horti Botanici Monspeliensis, addito Ob- servationum circa Species novas aut non satis cognitas Fasciculo. Monsp. 1813. 8vo. Dec. Leg. Mem. Id., Memoire sur la Famille des Legumineuses. Paris, 1825. 4to, pi. 70. Dec. Mem. Soc. Gen. DeCandolle in Memoires de la SociL'te de Physiqueet d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. 1821, and continued. 4to. Dec. Mem. ined. in Soc. Phys. Gen. DeCan- doUe's MSS. in the Memoires de la Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de Gendve. Dec. MS. Manuscript Information from DeCan- dolle. DeCandolle PI. Fl. See Dec. Fl. Fr. Dec. PI. rar. Jard. Gen. Id., Plantes rares du Jardin de Geneve. Genev. 1825 — 1827. 4to, pi. 24. Dec. Prod. Prodromus Systematis naturalis Repni Vegetabilis ; sen Enumeratio methodica Ordinum, Generum. Specierumque Plantarum liucusque cognitarum. Paris, 1824 — 1830. 4 vols. 8vo. Dec. Syst. Id., Regni vegetabilis Systema na- turale ; sive Ordines, Genera, et Species Plan- tarum, secundum Methodi naturales Normas digestarum et descriptarum. Paris, 1818 — 1821. 2 thick vols. 8vo. De Fruct. et Sem. Plant. J. Ga?rtner, De Fruc- tibus et Seminibus Plantarum : continuat. ^ C. F. Gjertner sub titulo " Carpologia." Leip- sia?, 3 vols. 4to. i., 1788; ii., 1791 ; iii. or Sup- plementum Carpologia;, 1805. Delamarre's Traitc Pratique de la Culture des Pins. Paris, 1834. 3d. ed. Dcla'-b. Auvergn. See Delarb. Fl. Auv. Delarh. Fl. Auv. Antoine de I'Arbre, Flore d'Auvergne. Ed. 1., 1 vol. 8vo, Clermont- Ferrand, 1795. Ed. 2., Riom et Clermont, 180D, 2 vols. 8vo. Delauny Herb. Amat. Delauny in Herbier de I'.-Vmateur, a French periodical. Deless. Icon. See Delcss. Icon. sel. Deless. Icon. sel. Benj. Delessert, Icones selecta; Plantarum in System, univers. descriptarum. Paris, 1820. 4to. Dend. Brit. See Dendrologia Britannica. Dendrologia Britannica; or, Trees and Shrubs that will live in the open Air of Britain. By P. W. Watson. Lond. 2 vols. 8vo. pi. 172. Desf. Act. Par. Actes de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris, 1792. Folio. Desf. Ann. Mas. See Atitiales du Musee. Desf. Arb. See Desf. Hist. SjC. Desf. Allan. See Desf. Fl. Atl. Desf. Fl. Atl. K. L. Desfontaines, Flora Atlan- tica. Paris, 179^, 1799. 2 vols. 4to. Desf. Hist, des Arbres et Arbriss. Id., Histoire des .•irbres et Arbrisseaux qui peuvent etre cultives en pleine Terre sur le Sol de la France. Paris, 1809. i vols. 8vo. Desf. Cat. Bot. See Desf. Catal. Hort. P. Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris. See ibid. De.'if. Catal. Hort. P. Id., Catalogus Plantarum Horti regii Parisiensis. Paris, 1829. 8vo, 3d ed. Desf. Hort. Par. See Desf. Catal., S(C. Desv. Journ. See Desv. Journ. Bot. Desv. Journ. Bot. Desvaux, Journal de Bota- nique. Paris, 1808—1814. 5 vols. 8vo. Diet, des Eaux et des Fortts. See Baudrill. Traite. Dictionnaire General des Eaux et Fore/s. See ibid. Dietr. Lex. Suppl. Dietrichs (J. G.), Vollsfan- diges Lexicon der Giirtnerey und Botanik. Weimar, 1801. 2 vols. 8vo. Dill. Eltli. Joh. Jac. Dillenius, Hortus Eltham- ensis. Lond. 1732. 2 vols. fol. Dod. Pempt. See Dodon. Pempt. Dodon. Pempt. Rambertus Dodonseus seu Do- doens, Stirpium Historiie Pemptades Sex, sive Libri xxx. Antverpise, 1616. fol. Don's Mill. See Don's Miller's Dictionary. Don's Miller's Dictionary. A general System of Gardening and Botany, &c., founded on Miller's Dictionary, and arranged according to the Na- tural System. By George Don, F.L.S. In 4 vols. 4to. 1838. D. Don Prod. Kep. David Don, Prodromus FlorjB Nepalensis. Lond. 1825. Small 8vo. D. Don MSS. Professor Don's MSS. Donald's Cat. A Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs contained in Robert Donald's Arboretum at Gold worth Nursery, WoKmg, near Ripley, Surrey. Folio sheet. Donn Hort. Can. See Donn Hort. Cantab. Donrf Hort. Cantab. James Donn, Hortus Can- tabrigiensis'; or, a Catalogue of Plants, indi- genous and foreign, cultivated in the Walkerian Botanic Garden at Cambridge. Cambridge, 1796. 8vo. Dougl. MS. 7 Douglas's MSS., in possession of Douglas MS. 3 the Hort. Soc. of Londoq. Dublin Soc. Trans. Transactions of the Dublin Society. Dublin, 1800— 1810. 6 vols. 8vo. Duby et Decand. Bot. Gallic. See below. Duby and DeCandulle's Botanicon Gallicuin. J. K. Duby ct A. P. DeCandolle, Botanicon Gal- licum, seu Synopsis Plantarum in Flora Gallica descriptarum. Paris, 1828—1830. 2 vols. 8vo. Duh. Arb. Fr. See Du Hamel's Arbres. Du Hamel's Arbres Fruitiers. Traite des Ar- bres Fruitiers. By Henri Louis Du Hamel du Monceau. Paris, 1768. 3 vols. 8vo. Du Ham. Arb. Nouv. See Duh. Ed. Kouv. Duh. Ed.'Xouv. Du Hamel's Traite des Arbres et Arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine Terre. A new edition. By Michel. Paris, 1811— 181G. 5 vols. fol. Dum. Bot. Cult. Sfe. Botanistc Cultivateur. Drnn. Corns. See ibid. Dum. Cours. Bot Cult. See ibid. Dum. Cours Supp. See ibid. Dunal Monog. Mich. Felix Dunal, Monographie de la Famille des .'inonacees. Paris, 1817. 4to. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1127 linr. Bouri;. Durande, Flore de Bourgogne. Dijon, 1782. 2 vols. 8vo. Bu Roi Harbk. Joh. Phil. Du Roi, Die Harb- kesche wilde Baurazucht. Braunschweig, 1771, 1772. 2 vols. 8vo. Ealon Man. Bot. A Manual of Botany for the Northern and Middle States of America. Al- bany. 1824. 12mo. Ed. Phil. Jotirn. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. Conducted by Dr. Brewster and Professor Jameson. Edinb. 1819— 1824. lOvols. 8vo. Continued by Prof. Jameson alone, under the same name, from 1824; and from 1826, called " The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal." Edinburgh, 1819, and continued. Svo. Edw. Ornitk. Natural History of uncommon Birds, and of some other rare and undescribed Animals, Quadrupeds, Reptiles, Fishes, In- sects, i-c. By Geo. Edwards. Lend. 1743 — 1751. 4 vols. 4to, pi. 210. E/tret Fict. G. D. Ehret, Plantae et Papiliones rariores. Lond. 1748 — 1759. Fol. Ehrh. Arbor. See Ehrh. Beitr. Ehrh. Beitr. Friedrich Ehrhart, Beitriige zur Naturkunde. Hanover et Osnabruk, 1787 — 1792. 7 vols. Svo. Elliott Fl. S. Car. A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia. By Steph. Elliott. Charleston, 1821—1824. 2 vols. Svo, pi. 12. Elliott Jotirn. Acad. Set. Pliilad. See Journ. Acad. Scien. Phil. Ell. Sketch. See Elliott Fl. S. Car. En. PI. See Encyc. of Plants. Encyc. Bot. See Lam. Diet. Encyc. Encyc. of Cot. Arch. An Encyclopaedia of Cot- tage, Farm, and Villa Architecture, Furniture, &c. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1833. Svo. Encyc. of Gard. An Encyclopaedia of Garden- ing ; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape-Gardening, &c. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., cS:c. Lond. 1835. Ed. 3. Svo. Encyc. of Plants. An Encyclopjedia of Plants ; comprising the Description, Specific Character, Culture, History, Application in the Arts, &c. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1831. New ed. 1836. Svo. Eng. Bot. English Botany. By Sir J. E. Smith and Messrs. Sowerby. Lond. 1790 — 1814. 3G vols. Svo. An abridged edition, with par- tially coloured plates, is now (1S38) publish- ing. Eng. Bot. Suppl. Supplement to the English Botany of Sir J. E. Smith and Messrs. Sower- by ; the Descriptions. &c., by Sir W. J. Hooker, LL.D., and other eminent Botanists. Lond. 1831. Svo. Continued. Eng. Fl. See English Flora. English Flora. English Flora. By Sir J. E. Smith. London, 1824—1828. 4 vols. 8vo. Enum. Slirp. Ruth. See Ammaiin Stirp. Buth. Esck. Mem. Acad. Scienc. Peters. Eschscholtz in Memoires of the Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. Essays on Natural History. By Dr. Walker. London, Svo. Exot. Bot. See Smith's Exot. Bot. Ex. Cent. Jacobus Breynius, Exoticarura Plant- arum Centurium. Gedani, 1G78. Fol. F. Fisch. Ilort. Gorenk. F. Fischer, Catalogue du lardin des Plantes de Gorenkl, pres de Moscou. 1808. 12mo. Fisch. MSS. Fischer's MSS. Fl. Br. Sir J. E. Smith's Flora Britannica. Lond. 1800—1804 3 vols. Svo. Ft. Cab. The Floral Cabinet. By G. B. Knowles and F. Westcott. London and Birmingham. 1837, 1838. 4to. Fl. Dan. See Flora Danica. Fl. Fr. See Flore Frangaise. Fl. Gr. See Flor. Grceea. Fl. Hib. See Mackay Fl. Hibern. Fl. Ind. Occid. Swartz (Olof), Flora India; Oc- cidentalis. Erlangen, 1797, 1800, 1806. 3 vols. Svo. Fl. Jap. Sieboldts's Flora Japonica. Fl. Mex. Icon. ined. Sesse et Mocino, Flora Mexicana, Icon. ined. Iconibus ab ipso Sesse et Cervantesio curatis nondum editis usus est Candolleus. Fl. Nap. See Tenore's Flora Neapolitana. Fl. Wett. Flora der Wetterau von G. Gartner. By Meyer and J. Scherbius. 1799—1801. 4 vols. Svo. Flor. GrcEC. Dr. Sibthorp's Flora Grsca. Edited by Sir J. E. Smith, and continued by Sir W. J. Hooker and Dr. Lindtey. Flora Danica. Flora Danica, sive Icones Plan- tarura sponte nascentium in Regnis Danise et Norvegiie, &c. By Vahl, Hornemann, and Muller. Hafniae. n62— 1S29. 9 vols. fol. Flora GrcEca. See Flor. GrcEC. Flora Lusita7iica. See Brot. Flor. Lus. Flora Mex. ic. and MSS. See Fl. Mex. icon. ined. Flora of Berwick upon Tweed. See Johnston's Flora of, 4'C. Flora Silesiaca. See Krock. Fl. Sil. Flora Taurico-Caucasica. L. B. F. Marschall de Bieberstein, Flora Taurico-Caucasica. Char- kovia?, 1808. Svo. Flore Franqaise. A. P. DeCandolle et Lamarck, Flore Franijaise. Paris, 1805 — 1815. 5 vols. Svo. Flilgge Ann. Mus. Fliigge in Ann. Mas. See Annates du Musee. Forsk. JEgyp. Descr. See Fnrskaol JEgyp. Arab. Forskaol Mgyp. Arab. Petrus Forskaol, Flora iEgj-ptiaco-Arabica. Hanniae, 1775. 4to. Fragm. Fl. Jial. See Viv. Fragm. Franklin's First Journey. See Franklin's Nar- rative, SfC. Franklin's ( Captain John) Narrative of a Jour. ney to the Shores of the Polar Sea in the Years 1819—1822. Lond. 1823. 4to. Franklin's Journ. Append. Appendix to the above, on various Subjects relating to Natural History. By Dr. Richardson and J. Sabine, Esq. Lond. 1823. 4to. Eras. Cat. See Eraser's Cat. Eraser's Cat. A Catalogue of Plants cultivated in Eraser's Nursery, Chelsea. Frey. Voy. Freycenet's Voyage. Fries Novit. E. M. Fries, Novitiae Florae Suecicae. Lundse, 1814. 4to. Fuchs Hist. Leonhard Fuchs, De Historia Stir. plum Commentarii insignes. Basileaa, 1542. fol. GcErtn.fil. Carp. See De Fruct. et Sem. Ga:rt. Fr. See ibid. Gcert. Se7n. See ibid. Gard. Chron. The Gardener's Chronicle for 1841. Gard. Mag. The Gardener's Magazine. Con- ducted by J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. London, 17 vols. Svo, to 1842. Continued monthly. Garid. Aix. P. J. Garidel, Histoire des Plantes qui naissant aux Environs d'Aix. Aix, 1715. 2 vols. fol. Gater. Mont. Gaterau, Description des Plantes qui croissent aux Environs du Montaubaa. Montauban, 1789- Svo. Gen. of N. Amer. Plants. Thomas Nuttall, The Genera of North American Plants, and a Ca- talogue of the Species. Philadelph. 1818. 2T0lg. 12mo. Gen. PI. Fl. Germ. Genera Plantarura Flora Gerraanica. Ger. Em. Sec Ger. Emac. App. 4 0 4 1128 LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Oer. Emnc. See Ger. Emac. App. Ger. Emac. Append. Jolm Gerard, The Herbal ; or, General History of Plants gathered by John Gerard. Lond. 1597. fol. Enlarged by John- son, 1633. Ger. Gallo-Prov. Lndovic Gerarde, Flora Gallo- Provincialis. Paris, 1761. 8vo. Ger. Prov. See Ger. Gallo-Prnv. Gesn. Fuse. Gesner (Conr.), Historic Plantarum Fasciculus quem ex Bibliotheca C. J. Trew. edidit C. C. Schmiedel. Norimbergae, 1759. fol . Gesn. Epi:t. Id. Epistolae Medlcinales. 4to, Wittebergae, 15S4 ; 8vo, Basilia;, 1591. Gesn. Icon. Pict. Id., Opera Botanica ex Bibli- otheca C. J. Trew. Edidit et praefatus est C. C. Schmiedel. Norimb. 1751 — 1770. folio. Gilih. Bot. Prat. Joh. Em. Gilibert, Histoire des Plantes d'Europe ; ou E'leraens de Bo- tanique pratique. Lyons, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., Lyons, 18013. 3 vols. 8vo. G/lUesS MSS. Dr. Gillies's MSS. G. M. See Gard. Mag. Gmel. Fl. Bad. Carol. Christ. Gmelin, Flora Ba- densis-Alsatica. Carlsruhse, 1805— 1808. 3vols 8vo. Gmel. Fl. Sibir. Joh. Georg. Gmelin, Flora Si- birica. Petropoli, 1747—1769. 4 vols. 4to. Gmel. Itin. Gmelin (J. G.), Tr;ivels through Siberia, betwe(^n the Years 1733—1743. In German. Gottingen, 1751, 1752. 8vo. Gmel. Sib. See Gmel. Fl. Sibtr. Gmel. Sijst. Joh. Frid. Gmelin, Caroli Linnsi Systema Nature. Lugduni, 1796. 10 vols. 8vo. Gmel. Si/st. Veg. See Gmel. Syst. Gorter Ingr. David De Gorter, Flora Ingrica ex Schedulis Steph. Krascheninikow, &c. Petropoli, 1761. 8vo. Appendix, 1764. Gouan Fl. Monsp. Ant. Gouan, Flora Monspe- liaca. Lugduni, 17R2. 8vo. Gouan liort. Id., Hortus Regius Monspeliensis, sistens Plantas tum indigenas turn exoticas, &c. Lugduni, 1762. 8vo, pl.4. Gouan III. Id., Illustrationes Botanicas. Tiguri, 1773. fol. ^ ' Gouan Mons. See Gouan Fl. Monsp. Gray's Air. Natural Arrangement of British Plants, according to their Relations to each other, as pointed out by Jussieu, DeCandolle, Brown, &c., including those cultivated for use ; with an Introduction to Botany, in which the Terms newly introduced are explained. By S. F. Gray. London, 1821. 2 vols. 8vo, pi. 21. Gronov. et Walt. Fl. Car. See Fl. Caroliniana. Gronov. Virg. J. Fred. Gronovius. Flora Vir- ginica exhibens Plantas quas J. Clavton in Virginia collegit. Lugd. Bat. 1743, 4to :"Ed. 2., Lugd. Bat. 1762, 4to. Guimp. Abb. Holz. F. Guimpel, Abbildung dor deutschen Holzarten fur Forstmihiner und Liehhaber der Botanik. Berlin, 1S15— 1820. 2 vols. 4to, pi. 216. Guld.Itin. Giildenstadt (T. A.), Reisen durch Russland, und in caucasischen Gebirge, her- ausogegpben von P.L.Pallas. St. Petersb. 1787. 4to. Gussone PL Rar. Jo. Gussone, Planta? rariores per Regiones Samnii ac Aprutii collects}. Neapoli, 1820. 4to, pi. 66. H. Hcenke Beob. Thadsus Hsnke, Beobachtungen auf Reisen nach dem Riesen-gebirge, &c. Dresden, 1791. 4to. Hall. Ih'lv. Albert Von Hallor, Historia Stir- pium iniligenarum Helvetia. Bernu;, 1768. 3 vols. fol. Hall. Hist. See Hull. Hclv. Ham. MSS. See Ha}>!il. MSS. Hamil. MSS. Hamilton MSS. Haworth Suppl. A. H. Haworth, Supplemen- tum Plantarum sacculentarum. Lond. 1SI9 8vo. Haw. Sup. PL Sue. See Haworth Suppl. Hayne Abbild. See Hayne Abbild. der deut. Holz. Hayne Abbild. der deut. Holz. Abbildung der deutschen Holzarten fiir Forstmiinner und Liebhaber der Botanik, herausgegeben von F. Guimpel, entworfen und beschreibung von C. L. Willdenow, in letztrer Riicksicht fortge- setzt von F. G. Hayne. Berlin, 1820. 4to. Hayne Den. See Hayne' s Dendrologische Flora. Hayne Dendr. See ibid. Hayne's Dendrologische Flora. Dendrologische Flora, Oder Beschreibung der in Deutschland im freien ausdauerndcn Holzegewachse. Von Dr. T. G. Hayne. Berlin, 1822. 8vo. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. .imer. Humboldt, Bonpland, et Kunth. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. Paris, 1815—1825. 7 vols. 4to. Hedw. F. Gen. D. J. Hedwig, Filicum Genera et Species. Lips. 1799. Folio, pi. G. Hem. Diss. See Herm. Diss. Herb. Amaryll. The Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert's Amaryllidacese. Herb. Hcenke. Haenke's Herbarium. Herb. Lin. Soc. The Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert in the Linnean Society's Transactions. Herm. Diss. B. F. Hermann, Diss, de Rosa. Argentorati, 1762. 4to. Herm.Liigdb. Paulus Hermann, Flore Lagduno. Batavs Flores, ed. L. Zumbach. Lugd. Bat. 1690. 8vo. Hern. Msx. See Hej-n. Mex. Icon. Hern. Mex. Icon. Hernandez (F. G.), Nova Plantarum, Aniraaliura, et IVIineraliura Mexi- canorum Historia : a N. A. Reecho in Voluracn digesta, a J.T.J.Fabro, et F.Columna, Lynceis, Notis et Additionibus illustrata. Romce, 1651. folio. Histoire des C/icnes de I'Amerigue. See Michaui's Histoire des Chenes, S;c. Histoire des Chines de I'Am^rique Septentrionalc. See ibid. Hoffm. Hist. Sal. See Hoffm. Sal. llojfm. Sal. Georg. Franz HoiTmann, Historia Salicum Iconibus illustr. Lipsise, 1785. fol. Hoffmansegg Fl. Port. Hoffraansegg et Link, Flore Portugaise. Rostochet Berlin, 1806. Fol. Hook. Bot. Miscel. Botanical Jliscellany ; con- taining Figures and Descriptions of such Plants as recommend themselves by their Novelty, Rarity, or History. By Sir W. J. Hooker. London, 1830—1833. 3 vols. 8vo. Hook. Bot. Comp. See Comp. Bot. Mag. Hook. JV. Jack. Co7np. Bot. Mag. See ibid. Hook. British Flora. British Flora ; comprising the Pheenogamous or Flowering Plants, and the Ferns. Id. Lond. 1830—1833. 2 vols. 8vo. Hook. Ex. Fl. Exotic Flora. Id. Edinb. 1823 —1827. 3 vols. 8vo, pi. 232. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. Flora Boreali .\mcricana ; compiled principally from the Plants collected on the Northern Land Expedition, under Com- mand of Capt. Sir John Franklin. Id. Loud. 1829—1834. 4to. Hook. Fl. Scotica. Flora Scotica ; or, a Descrip- tion of Scottish Plants, arranged both according to artificial and natural Methods. Id. London, 1821. 8vo. Hook. Lond. Curtis's Flora Londinensis, con- tinued by Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. fol. See Curt. Lond. Hook. Scot. See Hook. Fl. Scotica. Horn. Hort. Reg. Haf. J.W.IIornemann, Ilorti'.s Regius Botanicus Hafniensis. Hafniae, 1815. 8vo. Horn. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 3. Vf. Hornemann, HortiRegiiBotanici Hafniensis Supplementum. Hafniffi, 1819. 12mo. Hort. .'Ingl. Hortus Anglicus ; or, the Modern English Flower-Garden, &c. By the Author of the British Botanist. London, 1822. 2 vols. 8vo. Hort. Beige. Horticulteur Beige. A Monthly Gardening Journal. Hort. Brit. Hortus Britannicus. A Catalogue of all the Plants indigenous, cultivated in, or in- LIST OF BOOKS REFERRKD TO. 1129 troduced to, Britain. Edited by J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1830. 8vo. Hort. Cliff: Carolus Linnaeus. Hortus Cliffor- tianus. Amsterd. 1737. i'ol. Hort. Dur. Hortus Durovernis ; being a Cata- logue of Plants cultivated and sold in the Can- terbury Nursery, 1831. Hort. Eric. Woburn. Hortus Ericeus Woburn- ensis. London, 1824. Hort. Eijst. See Best. Eyst. Hort. Kew. See Ait. Hort. Kew. Hort. Par. Hortus Parisiensis. Hort. Schonbr. Hortus Schonburnensis. Hort. Soc. Cat. of Fruits. Catalogue of Fruits cultivated in the Garden of the London Horti- cultural Society. Lond. 1826. 8vo. Hort. Trans. Transactions of the London Hor- ticultural Society. Lond. 1815— 1831. 7 vols. 4to. New series commenced in 1831, and con- tinned. Hortus Carlsruhanus. Hortus Carlsruhanus, Oder Verzeichniss sammtlicher Gewachse, &c. Herausgegeben von Garten-inspector Hartweg. Carlsruhe, 1825. 8vo. Hoss Anleit. See Anleit. die B'dume und St7-duche Oesterreichs. ^c. Hoss's GemeinJ'assliche Anleitung, S^c. See ibid. Host Fl. Austr. See Host's Fl.Austr. Host's Fl. Austr. N. T. Host, Flora Austriaca. Vienn. 1827—1831. 2 vols. 8vo. Host's Sal. Austr. Host's Salix. Vienna, folio. Huds. Fl. Angl. William Hudson, Flora Anglica. Lond. 1762, 1 vol. 8vo ; Ed. 2., Lond. 1778. 2 vols. 8vo. Humb. et Bonpl. PI. Equin. Alexand. F. H. von Humboldt et Bonpland, P'antes equinoxiales. Paris, 1808—1816. 2 vols. fol. Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL See H.B. et Ktatth Nov. Gen. S(C. Hunt. Evel. Syl. Sec Hunter's Evelyn. Hunter's Evelyn. Evelyn's Silva, with Notes. JJy A. Hunter, M. D. York, 1776. 2 vols. 4to. I. Icon. Bar. See Jacq. Icon. Bar. Iconographia Bustica. Iconographia ; or, the Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Kecre- ation, &c. By Stephen Switzer. Lond. 1718. 3 vols. 8vo. Index Planlarum Agri Erfordiensis. By J. Planer. Gothee, 1788. 8vo. Itin. Curios. Stukely (W.), Itinerarium Curi- osum ; or, an Account of the Antiquities and Remarkable Curiosities observed in Travels through Great Britain. 100 plates. Lond. 1724. fol. Jac. Sc. See Jacq. Hort. Schon. Jac. Amer. Jacquin N. J. Stirpium America- narum Historia. 1763. fol. Jacq. Austr. N.J. von Jacquin, FlorEeAustriacas, sive Plantarum selectarum in Austrije Archi- ducatu sponte crescentium Icones, ad vivam colorat^, et Descriptionibus ac Synonymis il- lustratJE. ViennEB, 1773 — 1778. 5 vols. fol. pi. 200. Jacq. Aust. Append. See Jacq. Austr. Jacq Cut. Id., Collectanea ad Botanicum, Sec, spectantia. Vindobonse, 1786 — 1790. 4 vols. 4to. Vol. V. sive Supplementum. 1796. Jacq. et Bocconc in Schousb. Mar. Schousboe (P. K. A.), lagttagclser over vaextriget 1 Ma- rocco. Kiobenhaon, 1800 ; ed. Germ. Leipzig, 1801. 4to. Jacq. Frag. N. J. von Jacquin, Fragmenta Botanica. Vienna, 1800— 1809. fol. Jacq. Hort. Schbn. Id., Plantarum rariorum Horti Casarei Schoenbrunensis. Vienna, 1797 —1804. 4 vols. fol. Jacq. Hort. J'in. Id., Hortus Botanicus Vindo- ijoneusis. Vindobonse, 1770 — 1776. 3vols. fcl. Jacq. Icon. Sea Jacq. Icon. Bar. Jacq. Icon. Bar. Id., Icones Plantarum rariorum. Vindobona, 1781—1793. 3 vols. fol. Jacq. Misc. Id., Miscellanea Austriaca ad Bota- nicam, etc., spectantia. Vindobonae, 1778 — 1781. 2 vols. 4to. Jacq. Obs. Id., Observationes Botanicje. Vin- dobons, 1764—1771. 4 fasc. fol. Jacq. Find. See Jacq. Hort. Vin. Joltnston's {Dr.) Flora of Berwick upon Ttvced. Flora of Berwick upon Tweed. By G. John- ston, D.D. 1829 and 1831. 2vols.8vo. Vol.1. cont.iining tlie Phaenogamous, and Vol. II. the Cryptogamous, Plants. Johnson's Gerard. See Ger. Em. Journ. dc Physique. Paris, 1773, and continued. 4to. Juss. Ann. du Mus. Jussieu ia Annales du Musee. Juss. Gen. Antonie-Laurent de Jussieu, Genera Plantarum. Paris, 1789. 8vo. Juss. Gen. ed. Usteri. Id., Ditto ed. Usteri. Turici,1791. 8vo. Juss. Mem. Mus. Jussieu in the l\I(5moires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. Kcemp. Amcen. ExoticcB. Engelbert Kaempfer, Amoenitatum Exoticarum Politico-Physico-Me- dicarum Fasciculi quinque, tScc. Lemgow, 1712. 4to. Kalm Amcen. See Amcen. Acad. Kalm It. Kalm (P.), Travels into North Ame- rica. Translated by J. Forster. Loud. 1770, 1771. 8vo. Ker Eot. Beg. See Bot. Beg. Key to Structural., Physiological, ajid Systematic Botany. See Lindley'j Key. Knoop Pomol. Jon. Herm. Knoop, Pomologia. Ed. HoU., Leeuwarden, 1758 ; Ed. Gall., Am- sterdam, 1771. fol. Koch's Comm. De Salicibus Europseis Com- mentatio. Auctore G. D. J. Koch. Erlangen, 1828. 12mo. Krock. Fl. Sil. Ant. Joh. Krocker, Flora Sile- siaca renovata. VratislavijE, 1787 — 1790. 2 vols. 8vo. Krock. Sites. See Krock. FL Sil. Kth. Nov. Sp. Amer. See H.B. et Kuntk Nov. Gen., ^-c. Kunth Gen. Tereb. Kunth, Terebinthacearura Genera. (Ann. des Sciences Nat. torn, ii.) Kunth Nov. Gen. Am. See //. B. et Kunth Nov, Gen., ijc. Lab. PI. Syr. Dec. See Labillard. Ic. Plant., Sjc. LabilL PL Syr. See ibid. Labillard. Ic. Plant. Syr. Jac. Jul. Labillardiere, Icones Plantarum Syria; rariorum. Decades v. Paris, 1791-1812. 5 vols. 4to. Lag. Gen. et Spec. Mar. Lagasca, Genera et Species Plantarum qua? aut novve aut noadum recte cognoscuntur. Madriti, 1816. 4to. Lam. Diet. See La7n. Diet. Encyc. Lam. Diet. Encyc. Jean Bapt. Monet de la Marck, Encvclopedie Wethodique Botanique. Paris, 1783—1796. 4 vols. 4to. Vol. V. etseq. Lam. Fl. Fr. Id. See Flore Frangaisc Lam. III. Id., Illustrations des Genres. 2 vols. of text, and 900 pis. Lam. III. Gen, See Lam. III. Lamb. Gen. Pin. See Lambert's Monograph, SjC. LuTnb. Pin., ed. 2. See ibid. Lambert's Monograph of the Genus Pinus. A Description of the Genus Pinus. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R. S.,Pres. Linn. Soc, &c. London, 1832. 2 vols. Svo. Lanth Ac. Lanth (Th.), Dissertatio de Acere. Strasburg, 1781. 4to. Lap. Hist, des PI. des Pyrenees. See La Peyr, Abr. 1180 LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Lnpci/r. Abr. See below. J,a Peyr. Abr. Philippe Picot de la Peyrouse, Histoire abregee des Plantes des Pyrenees. Toulouse, 1813. 8vo. La Peyroiiac Supp. Fl. Pyren. Id., Supplement to the above. Toulouse. Lmirlcr's Gilpin. Gilpin's Forest Scenery. Edited by Sir Thos. Dick Lauder. Edinburgh, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo. Lnwr. Ros. A Collection of Roses from Nature. By Miss Lawrence. London, 1799. fol. Laws. Man. See Agric. Manual. Lawson's Manual. See ibid. Laxm. Acad. Pel. SeeLaxm. Kni'. Act. Pet. Laxm. Nov. Act. Pet. Laxman in Nova Acta Acad. Petr. See Nova Acta, SfC. Le Bon Jardinier . See Bon Jard. Lc Botanistc Cultivateur. See Botaniste Culti- vateur. Led Fl. Ross. Alt. III. See Led. Icon. S(C. Led. Icon. PI. Fl. Ross. C. F. Ledebour, Icones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum, Florara Rossicam, imprimis Altaicam, illus- trantes. Rigs, &c., 1829. fol. pi. 100. Ledeh. Ind. Hort. Dorp. Suppl. Ledebour, Sup- )ilement to the Catalogue of Plants in Dorpat Garden for 1824. Leg. Mem. See Dec. Leg. Mem. Lchm. Pot. Diss. 3. G. C. Lehirran, Mono- graphia Generis Potentillarum. Lipsiffi, 1820. 4to. Lempriere's Clr:ss. Diet. Lempriere's Classical Dictionary. London, 1792. 8vo. Lessing's Synopsis Generum Compositarum. Be- rolini, 1832. 8vo. VHer. Stirp. Nov. See VHerit. Stirp. Nov. L'Hirit. Corn. C. L. L'Heritier, Cornus sen Specimen Botanicum, S2 ; ed. 4., Holmia>, 17r)4 ; ed. 5., Holmia;, 1704; ed. (J., Vienna^, 1767; ed. 7., cur. J. J. Reichard, Francof. M^n. 1778 ; each 1 vol. 8vo : ed. 8., cur. J. C. D. Schreber, Francof. "Slxn. 1789—1791, 2 vols. 8vo. Lin. Gen. Fl. cd. Schreber. See Lin.Gen., ed. 8. Lin. Hort. Cliff'. Carolus Linnanis, Hortus Clif- fortianus. Amstelodami, 1737. fol. Lin. Hort. Ups. Id. Hortus Upsaliensis. Stock- holm, 1748. 8vo. Lin. Mant. Id., Mantissa Plantarum altera. Holm. 1771. 8vo. Lin. Mat. Med. Id., Materia Medica. Holmias, 1749. Ed. Schreber, 1772. Lin. Sp. See Lin. Sp. Plan. Lin Sp. Plan. Carolus Linnaeus, Species Plan- tarum, Ed. 1., Holmiac, 1753, 2 vols. 8vo ; ed. 2., Holmia?, 1702, 1763, 2 vols. 8vo ; ed. 3.. Vindobons, 1764 ; cd. 4., by J. J. Reichard, Francof. Ma;n. 1779, 1780, 4 vols. 8vo; ed. 5., by C. L. Willdenow, Berolini, 1797—1810, 5 vols. 8vo. Lin. Suppl. See Lin.fil. Supp, Lin. Syst. See Lin. Syst. Nat. Lin. Syst. Nat. Linnaeus (Carl.), Systema Na- turae. Lugd. Bat. 1735. folio. Lin. Syst. Veg. J. A. Murray, C. Linncei Sys- tema Vegetabilium. GottingiE et Gothae, 1744 ; Gottinga, 1784 ; Parisiis, 1798. Lin. Trans. Transactions of the Linnaaan So- ciety of London. London, 1791, and conti- nued. 17 vols. 4to. Lindl. Hort. Trans. Dr. Lindley in the Horti- cultural Society's Transactions. See Hort. Trans. Lindl. Introd. to N. S. See Lindlcy's Intro- duction to the Natural System. Lindl. Lin. Trans. Dr. Lindley in the Linnaean Society's Transactions. See Lin. Trans. Lindl. MSS. Dr. Lindley's MSS. Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot. See Lindley's Intro- duction to the Natural System. Lindl. Ros. Mon. Dr. Lindley, Rosarum Mono- graphia. London, 1820. 8vo. Lindl. Synops. Id., A Synopsis of the British Flora, &c. London, 1829; ed. 2., 1S35, small 8vo. Lindley's Introduction to the Natural System. Id., An Introduction to the Natural .System of Botany. London, 1830 ; ed. 2. 1835. Svo. Lindley's Key. Id., A Key to Structural, Phy- siological, and Systematic Botany, for the use of Classes. By Dr. Lindley, F.R.S., &c. London, 18.35. Svo. Link Enum. H. F. Link, Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis altera. Berol. 1821, 1822. 2 vols. 8vo. Link et Otto Abbild. See Abbild. dcr Deutschen Holzarten. Link Bcrl. Abhand. See Ahhand. Acad. Berl. Link Jahrb. H. F. Link. Jahrbiicher der Gc- wachskunde. Berlin, 1820. 8vo. Linncea. F. L Von Schlechtendanl, Linnsa : ein Journal fiir die Botanik in ihrem ganzem Umfange. Berlin and Halle, 1826—1842. 14 vols. 8vo. Continued. Linna;an Correspondence. A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnaeus and other Natu- ralists from the Original Manuscripts. Bj- Sir J. E. Smith.. London, 1821. 2 vols. Svo. Litt. Dec. Prod. Information communicated by letter to DeCandolle's Prodromus. Litt. Trat. Arch. See Trat. Arch. Literary Panorama. A weekly periodical. Lon- don, 1815. Lob. Adv. See L'Obel's .idversaria. Lob. Icon. Mathias De Lobel seu Lobclius, Stir- pium Icones. Antverpije, 1591. 4to. L'Obel's Adversaria. Id., Stirpium Adversaria nova, &c. London, 1005. fol. Lodd. Bot. Cab. The Botanical Cabinet By Conrad Lodcfiges and Sons. London, 1817 — 1834. 20 vols. 12mo and 4to. Lodd. Oat. A Catalogue of Plants, &c., in the Hackney Establishment. By Messrs. Loddi- ges. Published annually. 12mo. lArfl. Iter. Loefling, Iter Hispanicum. Loes. Pruss. Job. Loeselius, Flora Prussica. Regiomonti, 1703. 4to. Lois. Fl. Gall. Loiseleur Deslongchamps, Flora GaUica. Parisiis, 1806,1807. 2vols. 12mo. Lois. Herb. Ainat. Id., in Herbier de l'.\mateur, a French periodical. Lois. Not. Id., Notice sur les Plantes k ajouter a la Flore de France. Paris, 1810. Svo. Lois. Nuuv. Diet. Loiseleur des Longchamps (J. L. A. M.), Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. 1816, continued. 36 vols. Loudon's H. B. See Hort. Brit. Lour. Coch. Joannes De Loureiro, Flora Co- chinchinensis. Ulvssipone, 1790, 2 vols. 4to ; ed. 2., cur. C. L. '\Villdenow, Berolini, 1793, 2 vols. Svo. Loreth's Trans. , New Translation of Isaiah, &c. By the Rev. R. Lowth. London, 1791. 12mo. Lyon Herb. Lyon's Herbarium. LIST OF BOOKS REFEIIIIED TO. 1131 v.. Mnc/iit/ F/. Hibcrn. See Mackai/'s Irish Flora. JiJnc/cai/'s Flora Hibernica. See ibid. Muckay's Irish Flora. Flora Hibernica : com- prising the Flowering Plants, Ferns, Chara- ceaB, Musci, Hepaticte, Lichenes, and Alg,-e of Ireland, &c. By T. T. Mackay, M.R.I. A., &c. Dublin, 1836. 8vo. ilaclcai/^s List of Irish Plants. A Catalogue of the Plants found in Ireland, with Descriptions of some of rarer sorts. Id. Dublin, 1825. 4to. Magn. Hot. See Magnol Bot. Magn. Monsp. Id., Hortus Regius Monspeli- ensis. Monspelii, 16fl7. 8vo. Magnol Bot. Petrus JNlagnoI, Botanicon Mons- peliense. Monspelii, 1686. 12mo. Mant. See hin. Slant. Marnock's Fl. Mag. Marnock's (R.) Floricul- tural Magazine and Jliscellany of Gardening. Lond. 1836. In monthly Nos. 8vo. Marsh. Arbust. See Marsh. Arb. Amer. Marsh. Arb. Amer. Humphry Marshall, Ar- bustum Americanura : the American Grove, &c. Philadelph. 1785. 8vo. Marsh. Plant. See Marshall, SfC. Marshall on Planting and Rural Ornatneni. Planting and Rural Ornament, &c. Lond. 1785, 1 vol. 8vo ; ed. 2., Lond. 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Marshall's name is not put to either ed. Marl. Fl. Bust. Flora Rustica. By Thomas Martyn. Lond. 1792—1794. 4 vols. 8vo. Mart. Mill. See Marti/n's Miller's Dictionary. Martyii's Mill. See ibid. Martyn's Miller's Dictionary. Gardener's Dic- tionarv ; or, a complete System of Horticul- ture. By Philip Miller, F.R.S. Lond. 1759, 3 vols. i'ol. ; improved edition, edited by Pro- fessor Martyn, Lond. 1807, 4 vols. fol. Mtitth. Conim. See Matth. Hist. Matlh. Hist. Matthioli (P. A.), Commentaria in Dioscoridem de Materia Medica. Venice, 1558. fol. Matth. Valgr. Matthioli Opera quae extant om- nia, edidit C. Bauhin. France, 1598. fol. MaztmVs Botanic Garden. The Botanic Garden ; or. Magazine of Hardy Flowering Plants cul- tivated in Great Britain. By B. Maund, Esq., F.L.S. Begun in 1824, and continued monthly. Maund's Botanist. The Botanist, a Monthly Periodical conducted by B. Maund, F.L.S. , &c. Med. Gesch. Medicus (F.), Geschichte der Bo- tanik unterer Zeiten. Munich, 1793. 8vo. Medical Botany. See Stephenson and Churchill's Medical Botany. Mee7b. Icon. Nicol. Meerburg, Plantarum se- Icctarum Icones pictae. Lugd. Bat. 1798. fol. Mem. de la Bussie Meridionale. By Descemet. Me?7i. Mi/s. Mcmoires du Museum d'Histoirc Naturelle. Paris, 181-5, 1816. 4to. Mem. Soc. Imp. Mosq. See Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. Mhn. Soc. Imp. Xat. Mosc. IMemoires de la So- ciete Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Moscow, from 1785. 4to. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen. M^moire de la Societe Physique de Geneve. Mem. Wern. Soc. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. Edinburgh, 181 1, and continued. 8vo. Memoire sur les Chcncs. Louis Bosc, Memoires sur les differontes Especes de Chencs qui croissent en France. Paris, 1808. 4to. Memoires sur les Coniferes. Memoires sur les Coniferes et los Cycadees : ouvrage posthume de L. C. Richard, terniine et publie par Achille Richard, fils. Stuttgard et Paris, 1826. 8vo. Mer. Fl. Par. F. V. Rlerat. Nouvelle Flore des Environs de Paris. Paris, 1812. 8vo. Mey. I'erz. PJianz. Cauc. Meyer (C. A.), Ver- zeichniss der Pflanzen welche nahrend der, &c. Petersburg, 1831. 8vo. Mich. Arb. See Michaux's Arbres foresliers, SfC. Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. Andre Michaux, Flora, Boreali-A'.nericana. Parisiis, 1802. 2vols. 8vo. Mich. Gen. P, A. Micheli, Nova Plantarum Ge- nera. Florentise, 1729. fol. I MichauT's .irbres de r Amarique. Sec Michaux's I Arbres Forestieres, ^c. I Michaux's Arbres Foresticres de I'Amerique. j jVndn- Frang. Michaux tils, Histoire des Arbres I Forestieres de I'.-iinerique Septcntrionale ; Paris, 1810—1813. 3 vols. 4to. Michx. fil. Arb. Amer. See Michaux's Arbres I Forestieres, 4'C. Michaux's Histoire des Chines Ameriques. Andre 3Iichaux, Histoire des Chenes de I'Amenque Septentrionale. Paris, 1801, fol. ; ed. Germ, a Kerne, 1802. Michx. Jil. N. A??ier. Syl. Andre Francpois -Mi- chaux, North-Anierijan Sylva ; or, a De- scription of the Forest Trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. Tran.slated from the French by A. L. Hillhouse. Paris, 1819. 3 vols. 8vo. Michx. Mem. sur le Zrlkoua. A. Frani;. Michaux, Memoire sur le Zelkoua. Paris, 1831. Michx. (iuer. See Michaux's Histoire des Chenes. Mill. Diet Jliller's Dictionary, ed. 7. Mi/l. Ic. Figures of the Plants described in the Gard. Diet. By Philip Miller. London, 1760. 2 vols. fol. Mill. Illust. Johan. Miller, Illustratio Systematis Sexualis Linna^i. Londini, 1777. fol. Miller's Dictionary. The Gardener's Dictionary. l!v Philip Miller. London, 1731 ; ed.2., 1733; ej. 3., 1737 ; ed. 4., 1741 ; ed. 5., 1747 ; ed. 6., 1752 ; ed. 7., 1759 ; ed. 8., 1708 ; ed. 9., see Mar- tyn's Miller. Milh. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. See Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Mac. et Sesse Fl. Mex. Ic. ined. See Fl. Mex. Icon. ined. Moc. PI. Nutk. Mocino (Josef), Drawings of Plants collected by him at Nootka Sound. Not published. Mcnck Meth. Conrad Mcench, Methodus Plantas riorti et Agri Marburgensis describendi. Mar- burgi, 1794. 8vo. Ma-nch Svppl. Id., Supplementum ad Me- thodum, (X.C. Marburgi, 1802. 8vo. Mcench Weiss. See Mcench IVeissenst. Mcench Weissenst. Id., Verzeichniss auslan- discher Baumedes Lustschlosses Weissenstein. Francf. 1785. 8vo. Monog. Bos. Proneville (A. De), Nomenclature raisonnee des Especes, Varietes, et Sous-va- rietes du Genre Rosier. Paris, 1818. I vol. 8vo. Month. Beg. See Bot. Beg. Mor. Hist. Joan. Bapt. Morandi, Historia Bo- tanica practica. Mediolani, 1744. fol. Mor. Pra;lud. Robert Morison, Prjeludia Bo- tanica, pars 1. Londini, 1669. 8vo. jSIor. Umb. Morison (R.), Plantarum Umbelli- ferarum Distributio nova. Oxonii, 1672. fol. Moris. Hist. Robert Morison, Plantarum His- toria universalis Oxoniensis. Oxonii, 1620. 2 vols, folio. Moris. Stirp. Sard. See Blench, Sard. Morris Fl. Co7isp. Richard Morris, Flora Con- spicua. London, 1826. 8vo. MUhl. Cat. See Muhlenberg's Catalogue, S;c. Miihl. Nov. Act. Scrut. Bcrol. Muhlenberg in Nov. Act., &c. See Act. Nat. Scrut., Sjc. Miililenb. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol. See Miihl. Nov., S;c. Muhlenberg's Catalogue of North American Plants. Henr. Miihlenberg, Catalogus Plan- tarum Americae Septentrionalis. Lancaster, 1813. 8vo. Munch. Haus. See Miinch. Hausv. Miinch. Hausv. Baron Otto Von Munchausen, Jlonatliche Beschaftigungen fiir einen Baum- und Pflanzen-giirtner, als eine Zugabe zum Sten Th. des Hausvater. Hanover, 1771. 8vo. Murr. Nov. Comm. Gb'tt. J. A. Murray in Novl Commentarii Societatis Regiae Scientiaruin Gdttingensis. 1751 to the present Time. 4to. Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. See Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. N. N. Amer. Syl. See Michx. fil. N. Duh. See Du Ham. Arb. Nouv. N. D. Ham. See ibid. 1132 LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Keck. Elan. Nat. Jos. de Necker, IClementa Bo- tanica secundum Systema omologicum, sou iia- turale. Neowede adRhenum, 17'JU. 3 vols. 8vo. Neck. Gall. See Neck. Gallo-B.ll. Neck. Gallo-Bcll. Nat. Jos. De Necker, DeliciEB Gallo-Belgica; sylvestres. Argentorati, 17G8. 2 vols. 12mo. Nees Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Bonn. See Act. Nat. Nees (T.) ab Esenb. Gen. PI. Fl. Gei?n. See Nees Von Esenbcck, 8fc. Nees I'on Esenbeck Gen. PI. Genera Plantarum FlorsE German icae Iconibus et Descriptionibus illustrata. Auctore T. F. L. Nees ab Esen- beck, M.D. Bonna;, 1833. 8vo. Nestl. Pot. Diss. C. G. Nestler, Monographia de Potentilla. Parisiis et Argentorati, 1816. 4to. Nois. Arb. Fruiiicrs. See Noisette Jard. Fruit. Noisette Jard. Fricit. Louis Noisette, Le Jardin Fruitier. Paris, 1813. 2 fasc. •Ito. North-American Si/lva. See Mich. fit. N. Amer. Stjl. Nouv. Buh. See Du Ham. Arb. Nouv. Nouveau Cours d' Agriculture. See Nouveau Cours complet. Nouveau Cours complet. Nouveau Cours complet, ou Dictionnaire raisonne d' Agriculture. Par les Membres de la Section d'Agr. de I'lnstitut. Paris, isoy. 16 vols. 8vo. Nouveau Du Harnel. See Du Ha7n. Arb. Nouv. Nov. Act. .Sac. Nat. Scrut. Berol. See Act. Nat. Scrut. Perl. Nov. Gen. Amer. See Nutt. Gen. A?ner. Nutt. Gen. See ibid. Nutt. Gen. Amer. Thomas Nuttall, The Genera of North- American Plants, and a Catalogue of the Species. Philadelphia, 1818. 2 vols. 12mo. Nutt. Gen. Amer. Plants. See Nutt. Gen. Amer. Nutt. MSS. Nuttall in Manuscript. O. (Ed. Fl. Dayz. Icones Plantarum sponte nas. centium in Rcgnis Danije et Norvegije, &e. Hafniae, 1761—1770, vols. 1, 2, and 3., Auctore G. C. aider. ; vols. 4 and .5., Auct. O. F. MuUer, 1771—1782; vols. 6 and 7., Auct. M. Vahl, 1787—180.5; vol. 8., Auct. J. \V. Hornemann, 1806—1816. 8 vols. fol. Oliv. Vol/. See Olivier's Travels. Oliv. Voy. dans i'Emp. Ot/om. See ibid. Olivier's Travels. Travels in the Ottoman Em- pire, Egj'pt, and Persia. By G. A. Olivier. Lond. 1801. 2 vols, and atlas. 4to. Olivier's Voyage. See Olivier's Travels. Ort. Decad. Cas. Gomez De Ortega, Novarum aut rariorum Plantarum Horti K. Matritensis Centurise. Matriti, 1797— 1798. 8 vols. 4to. Tit. gen. isno. Otia Hispan. Otia Hispanica. By Philip Barker Webb. Ovid. Met. Ovid's Metamorphoses. London, 1773. 2 vols. 12mo. P. Pall. Astr. Peter Simon Pallas, Species Astra- galorum descriptae et Iconibus illustratEB. Lip- siae, ISUO. fol. Pall. Flor. Ross. See Pallas's Flora Rossica. Pallas's Flora Rossica. Peter Simon Pallas, Flora Rossica. Petropoli, 178-1 et 1788. 2 vols. fol. Pall. Illust. lllustrationes Plantarum minus cognitarum. Lipsia;, 1803. fol. Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Voyages dans I'Empire Russe. Paris, 1793. 8 vols. 8vo, avec atlas 4to. Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Append. See Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Pall. Nov. Act. Pet. Pallas in Nova Acta Aca- demiEe Scientiarum imperialis PetropolitanK. Petropoli, 178:!— 1837. 4to. Pall. Noi-d. Beytr. Id., Neue nordische Beitrage zur physikalischcn, &c. Petersb. und Lcipz. 1781—1796. 7 vols. fol. Pall. Vol/. Sec Pall. Itin. Gall. Parad. Lorid. Paradisus Londincnsis. By R. A. Salisbury. London, ISO.'j— 1808. 2 vols. 4to. Parkinson's Herbal, or Theatre' of Plants. The I Theatre of Plants ; or, an Herball of a large extent ; with numerous wood engravings. By John Parkinson. Lond. Hi 10. fol. Parkinson's Theat. Bot. See Parkinson's Herbal, &c. Par. Lon. See Parad. Lond. Pav. Diss, in Mem. Acad. lieg. Med. Mat. Jos. Pavon, Dissertadon botauica sobre los Oeneros Tovalia, Actinophyllum, &c. Madrid. 4to. As quoted in Mem. Acad., &c. Pa.Tton's Mag. of Bot. Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. By J. Paxton, F.L.S., &c. London, begun in 1834, and con- tinued in monthly Numbers, large 8vo. Penny Cyc. The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London. In monthly parts, folio. Begun in 1833, and 10 vols. ))uhlished. Pers. Ench. C. H. Persoon, Synopsis Plantarum seu Enchiridion Botanicum. Paris, 1805 and 1807. 2 vols. 12mo. Pers. Syn. See Pers. Ench. Petiv. Mus. James Pctiver, JMusaei Petiveriani Centuriffi Decern. London, 169-5. 8vo. Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. Frederick Pursh, Flora Americana Septentrionalis. London, 1814. 2 vols. 8vo. Phil. Mag. Philosophical Migazine and Journal. By Alex. Tilloch and Richard Taylor. London, 1798—1826. 68 vols. 8vo, continued under the name of Philosophical Magazine and Annals of Chemistry. By R. Taylor and JR. Phillips. London, 1827—1832. 11 vols. 8vo. Phil. Trans. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Commenced in 1665, and continued to the present Time. London. 4to. Pin. Wob. PinetumWoburnense. By the Duke of Bedford. 1 vol. imperial 8vo. 1839. Not published. PI. Rar. Hort. Gen. See Dec. PI. Bar. Jard. Gen. Plantce Hart. Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas, &-c. By G. Bentham. 1839. Plant. As. Rar. See Wall. PL Asiat. Rar. Plant. Kal. Planter's Kalendar. By W. Nicol. Edited and completed by Edw. Sang. Edin. 1820. Ed. 2., 8vo. Plin. Hist. Nat. Plinii Historia Naturalis. Har- douin's edit. Paris, 1793. 3 vols. fol. Trans- lated under the title of Pliny's Natural History of the World. By Philemon Holland. London, 1601. 2 vols. fol. Pliny Nat. Hist. See Plin. Hist. Nat. Pluk. Aim. See Pluk. Aim. Phyt. Pluk. Aim. Phyt. Lt'onani Plukenett, Alma- gestum Botanicum sive Phytologia Onomas- ticon. Londini, 1796. 4to. Plick. Amalth. Id., Amaltheum Botanicum. I-ondini, 1705. 4to. Pink. Mant. Id.. Almagesti Botanic! Mantissa. Londini, 1700. 4to. Pluk. Phyt. See I'lukenett's Phi/tngraphia. Plukenett's Phytographia. Id., Phytographia sive Stirpium illustriorum, &c. Londini, 1691. 4 vols. 4to. Plum. Cat. Plumier (C), Catalogus Plantarum Americanaruni. Paris, 1703. 4to. Plum. Gen. Plumier (C), Nova Plantarum Americariarum Genera. Parisiis, 1703. 4to. Pococke Itin. See Pococke Orient. Pococke Orient. Description of the East, and some other Countries. Bv R. Pococke. Lon- don, 1743—1745. 2 vols. fol. Pair. Diet. See Poiret Encyc. Meth. Poir. Diet. Encyc. Suppl. See Poiret. Encyc. Suppl. Poir. Ency. Meth. See Poiret Encyc. Melh. Poir. Encycl. Suppl. See Poiret Encyc. Suppl. Poir. Suppl. See ibid. Poiret Enci/r. Meth. J. L. M. Poiret, Ency- clopedic Methodiquc, ou Dictionnaire de Bc- tanique. Paris. 1804—1808 ; being the 5th, 6tli, 7th, and 8th vols, of Lamarck's Encyclopedie Methodique, Sec. Poiret Encyc. Suppl. Id., Encyclopedie Mi5- LIST OF BOOKS R.EFEURED TO. 1133 thotlique Supplement au Dictionnaire de Bo- tanique. Paris, 1810— ISIG. 4 vols. 4to. Pair. Voy. Poiret (J. L. M.), Voyage en Ear- barie. Paris, 1789. 2vols. 8vo. foil. Alb. Fr. See Poit. et Turp. Arb. Fruit. Poit. et Turp. Arb. Fruit. Poiteau et Turpin, Traite des Arbres fruitiers de Du Hamel. Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1808 et seq. 13 fasc. fol. Poll. Fl. Ver. Ciro Pollini, Horti et Provincii-s Veronensis Plaiita novae vel minus cognit^e. Paviae, IS16. Potn. Mag. The Pomological Magazine. Lond. 1833. 3 vols. 8vo. Punted. Comp. Jul. Pontedera, Compendium Tabularum Botanicarum. Patavii, 1719. 4to. Pontey's Prof. Planter. Tlie profitable Planter, &c. By \\ iiliam Pontey. Huddersfield, 1800. Svo. Pour. Act. Tuul. Pourrett in Actis Acaderais Toiosania;. Pract. Treat, on Plantinf;. Hayes. P.i-esl lieliq. Hccnk. Presl, Xleliquics Hsen. kianffi. Prod. See Dec. Prod. Prodroynus. See ibid. Prodromus FlorcE Nepalcnsis. D. Don, Pro- dromus Florte Nepaleusis. London, 1825. i2mo. Puerari MSS. Professor Puerari, in manu- script. Pursh Sept. See Pursh Fl. Bar. Amer. Purs/i Fl. Am. Sep. See ibid. Pursli Fl. Bor. Amer. Fred. Pursh, Flora Borealis Americana. London, 1814. 2 vols. Svo. U. JR. et P. Fl. Per. et Chit. Syst. H. Ruiz et Jos. Pavon, Systema Vegetabilium Floras Pe- ruvians et Chilensis. Matriti, 1798. 8vo. B. et P. Fl. Per. Syst. See B. et P. FL Per. ct Chil. Syst. Bufiii. Journ. Phys. Rafinesque in Journal de Physique. Paris, 1773, and continued. 4to. Rafin. Med. Bep. See Raf. Med. Flor. Rutin. Prec. Dec. So7n. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Precis des Decouvertes Somiologiques ou Zoo- logiques et Botaniques. Palerme, 1814. ISrao. Bnfin. Speech. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Specchio delle Scienze, o Giornale enciclopedico di Sicilia. 1814. Bail Syn. Ray's Synopsis Plantarum. Bau. Eyium. Ambr. Ran, Enumeratio Rosarum circa Wirceburgum sponte crescentiura. No- rinbergas, 181G. Svo. Batcw. Itin. Rauwolf s Journey through Syria, Mesopotamia. Palestine, and Eg}^}!. Translated from the English by Stapherst. 16G3. Svo. Bay's General History of Plants. See Bay's Historia Plantaru?n. Bay's Historia Plantaru?n. Joh. Ray, Historia Plantarum. Londini, 1686 et 1688. 2 vols. fol. Vol. 3., seu Supplementum, 1704. Bed. Bos. See Red. ct Thor. Bos. Bed. et Thor. Bos. P. J. Redoute, Les Roses. PI. 169. color. : avec le texte, par CI. Ant. Thory. Paris, 1817— 1824. 3 vols. fol. Bces's Cycl. See Bees's Cyclopiedia. Bees's Cyclop. Addenda. See ibid. Bees's Cyclopcedia. London, 1819. 39 vols. 4to. Bignault Bot. Icon. De Regnault, La Eotanique raise a la Portee de tout le Monde. Paris, 1774. fol. Beich. Mag. Reichenbach (G. C), Magazin des Pflanzenreichs. 1793, 1794. 4to. Benault Fl. de I'Orne. P. A. Renault, Flore du Departement de rOrne. Alengon, 1804. Svo. Benealm Sp. Specimen Historise Plantarum. Paris, 1611. 4to, Betz. Obs. See Betx. Obs. Bot. Betz. Obs. Bot. A. J. Retzius, Observationes BotaniciE. London, 1774. 6 fasc. 4to. Ed. 2. Lipsia?, 1779—1791. 6 vols. 4to. Beyn. Act. I.aus. See Beyn. Mem. Latis. Beyn. Mem. See ibid. Reyn. Mini. Laus. Reynier in Mem. de la Soc de Lausanne. Bichard Act. Paris. See Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par Rich. Diss. G. G. Richter, Diss, do Muscorum Notis, &c. Gottiuga;, 1747. 4to. Rich. Mem. Conif. See Memoires sur les Coni- J'ires et les Cycadces. Richard Mem. sur les Conifircs. See ibid. Biv. Mon. Irr. Aug. Quirinus Rivinus, Ordo Plantarum Flore irregular! Monopetalo. Lip- si£B, 1699. fol. B. .Mai. Henricus Van Rheede, Ilortus Indicus Malabaricus. 1678—1703. 12 vols. fol. Bocm. .irch. Joh. Jac. Rcemer, Archly fiir die Botanik. Leipzig, 1796—1805. 3 vols. 4to. Boem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. Id. et Schultes, Ed. nov. Systematis Vegetabilium Linnaei. Turici, ISlo. Svo. Rose Amateur's Guide. The Rose Amateur's Guide. By T. Rivers, jun. London, 1837. Svo. Bosier Journ. Phys. See Jourv. des Physiques. Bossig. Bos. Rossignol (K. G.), Les Roses dessintes et enluminees d'ajnes Xature, avec une Description botanique. Traduit de I'Alle- mand par M. De Lafitte. Leips. 4to. Both Cat. Alb. Willi. Roth, Catalecta Botanica. Lipsiae, 1797—1805. 3 vols. Svo. Both Fl. Germ. See Both's Flora Cerjnanica. Roth Germ. See ibid. Roth's Flora Germauica. Alb. Wilh. Roth, Ten- tamen Flora Germanicae. Lipsiee, 1788 — 1801. 3 vols. Svo. Rox. MSS. Roxburgh in Manuscript. Ro.r. Fl. Ind. See Roxb. FL hid. ined. Rox. Hort. Beng. W. Roxburgh, Hortus Ben- galensis ; or, a Catalogue, &c. Calcutta, 1814. Svo. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ined. Flora Indica. By Y\'. Rox- burgh. Serampore, 18-20— i824. 2 vols. Svo. Ri'ii. Liigdb. Adrianus Van Ruyen, FlorEe Ley- cle-.isis Prodromus, exhibens Plantas Horti Lugduno-Batavi. Lugd. Bat. 1740. Svo. Auctor dicitur C. Linnaeus. Royle Illiistr. Bot. Himalaya. Illustrations of the Botany and other Branches of tlie Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere. London, 1S33 — 1S3S. 4to. Rtihi Germanici. A. Wei'ne et C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck, Rubi Germanici. Bonn, 1822. fol., pi. 53. Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. See R ct P. Fl. Per. Ruiz et Pav. Syst. See B. ct P. Fl. Per. et ChiL Syst. Bumph. Ahib. See Bumph. Amboyn. Bumph. Amboyn. Geo. Everh. Rumphius, Her- barium Amboinensc. Amstelodami, 1750. 6 vols. fol. Auctarium, 1755. S. Sal. Flor. Lond. Salisbury's Flora Londinensis. Sal. Hort. Allcrt. See Sal. Prod. Sal. Par. See Farad. Loiid. Sal. Par. Lond. See ibid. Sal. Prod. R. A. Salisbury, Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel AUerton. Londini, 1796. Svo. Sal. Wob. Salictum Woburnense. By His Grace the Duke of Bedford. Royal Svo. Salisb. Prod. See Sal. Prod. Salisbury's MSS. R. A. Salisbury, in Manu- script. Santi Fiagg. Geo. Santi, Viaggj al Mont Amiata, Pisa, 1795, Svo ; e per la Toscana, Vols. II. and III., 1798 and 1806. SaiK Alb. Tosc. Gaetano Savi, Trattato degli Alberi della Toscana. Firenze, 1801, 2 vols. Svo; ed. 2. ISll. Savi FL Pis. Savi (C), Flora Pisana. Pisis, 1798. 2 vols. Svo. Schiede et Deppe MSS. Schkuhr H. Christ. Schkuhr, Botanisches Hand- buch. ■Wittenberg. 1791-1803. 3 vols. 8vo. Schkuhr Ilandb. See Schkuhr H. 1134 LIST OF BOOKS REFERllt:D TO. Schlecht. LinniEa. A. Schlcctendal filius, Lin- nsea. Bcrol. 1826, and continued. 8vo. Schleclitend. Berl. Mag. A. Schlechtendal in Berl. Ma-;. Schmidt. See Schmidt Baum. Sch7n. Arh. See ibid. Schinidi Baum. F. Sclimidt, CEsterreichs allge- meine Baumzucl)t. Wien, 1792 und 1794. 2 vols. fol. Schmidt Ft. Boh. F. W. Schmidt, Flora Bohe- mica. PragEB. 1793, 1791. 2 vols. fol. Schrad. Diss. See Schrnd. Diss. Philad. Scki-ad. Diss, thilad. Sclirader in DeCandoUe's Prodromus. Schrader Index Sem. Jiort. Acad. Gott. Schra- der (C. F.), Index Plantarum Horti Botanici Pedagogii Regii Glauchensis. Hall., 1772. 12mo. Schrader Ilort. God. MSS. See above. Schranck Baier. {Bavar.) Fl. Franz Von Paula Schranck, Baiersclie Flora. JIunich, 1789. 2 band. 8vo. Schranck Snlish. Id., Primitise Flora? Salisbur- gonsis. Francof. Ma-n. 1792. 8vo. Schranck Fl. Mon. Id., Plantffi rariores Horti Monacensis. Munich, 1817—1819. fol. Schranck dcr GesscUs. Nattirf. Freunde. Schrclj. Dec. Joh. Christ. Dan. Von Schreber, Icones Plantarum minus cognitarum, Decas I. Halas, 1706. fol. Schreb. Gen. Id., Linnaei Genera Plantarum. Francof. 1786. 2 vols. 8vo. Sdmlt. (Estr. Fl. F. A. Schultos, CEstrichs Flora. Wien, 1794. 2 band. Svo. Sclmlt. Syst. See Rcem. el Schult. Syst. Scop. Cam. Joh. Ant. Scopoli, Flora Carniolica. Vienna, 1760, 1 vol. Svo ; ed. 2. Vienna?, 1772, 2 vols. Svo. Sch. Mus. Seba (.■Mb.), Locupletissimi Rerum naturalium Thesauri Descriptio. Amstelod. 1734-176.5. Secondat Mem. du Chcne. Mtimoires sur I'His- toire Naturelle da Chene. P.ar M. DeSecondat. Paris. 178.5. fol. Segu. I'cr. Joh. Franc. Seguier, Plantae Vero- ncnses. Verona?, 1745. 3 vols. Svo. Scr. Mel. N. C. Seringe, Blelanges Botaniques. Berne, 1818. • 2 vols. Svo. Seringe Sal. Ilel. See Syringe Sanies dc la Suisse. Seringe Saitles dc la Suisse. N. C. Seringe, Saulcs . 2 vols. Svo, pi. 172. Wats. Dendr. Brit. See Watson's Dend. Brit. Webb and Bertholet's Histoire Naturelle des lies Canaries. Histoire Naturelle des Isles Cana. ries. Par MM. P. Barker Webb et Sabin Ber- tholet. Paris, 1836—1842. 4to and fol., many plates. Webb Iter Hispan. Webb's Iter Hispaniense. 1838. Webb Otia Hispan. Webb's Otia Hispanica, 1837. fol. Wendl. Eric. J. C. Wendland, Ericarum Icones et Descriptiones. 1798 et seq. 4to. Wendl. Hort. Id., Hortus Herrenhusanus. 1798 —1801. 4 fasc. fol. Wendl. Obs. Id., Botanische Beobachtungen nebst einigen neuen Gattungen und Arten. Hanover, 1798. fol. IVern. Soc. Trans. See Wernerian Trans. Wernerian Trans. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. Edinburgh, 1811, &c. Svo. Wheeler's Journey. A Journey into Greece in the Company of Dr. Spor of Lyons. By Sir G. Wheeler. London, 1682. fol. Wibcl Wirth. A. G. E. C. Wibcl, PrimiticB Flora; Wertheiraensis. Jena;, 1799. Svo. Willd. Ab. See Abbildung der Deutschcn Holz- arten. Willd. Abbild. See Abbildung der Deutschen Holxartcn. Willd. Act. Berol. See Act. Nat. Scrut. Berl. Willd. Arb. See Willd. Berl. Baum. Willd. Baum. See ibid. Willd. Berl. Baumz. Willdenow, Berlinische 15aumzucht. Berl. 1811. Svo. Willd. Berol. Mag. Id., Berlinisches Magaziii. Svo. 1 130 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. iVitld. Enum. See JVilldenow's Enumeration, 4-c. JVilid. Enum. Suppl. Id., Enumeratio Pianta- rum Horti Berolinensis. Supplementum post- humum addidit Schlechtendal. JVilld. Herb. Willdenow's Herbarium. m/ld. Hort. Ber. See Willd. Enum. Willd. MSS. WiUdenow in Manuscript. V/illd. Sp. See Wil/d. Sp. PI. Willd. Spec. See ibid. IVilid. Sp. PI. Id., Linn.-ei Species Plantarum. Berol. 1797. 5 vols. Svo. fVilldenow's Bawnzuclit. Id., Berlinische Baum- zucht. Berol. 1811. Svo. WiUdenoiu's Enumeration of the Plants of the Berlin Royal Garden. Id., Enu\neratio Planta- rum Horti Berolinensis. Berol, 1809. 2voIs.8vo. Wilden's Vegetation of Dalmatia. Reviewed in Gard. Mag. vol, xiv. p. 13. Winch Geogr. Distrib. An Essay on the Geo- graphical Distribution of Plants througli the Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham. By N. J. Winch. Newcastle. Ed. 2. 1825. Paraph. Svo. Withering's Botany. A Systematical Arrange- ment of British Plants. By W. Withering, M.D. Birmingham, 1776, 2 vols. Svo ; ed. 7. with ad- ditions, London, 1830, 4 vols. Svo. Woodville's Med. Bat. Medical Botany; con- taining Systematic and General Descriptions, with Plates, of all the Medicinal Plants, indi- genous and exotic, &c. By W. Woodville, M.D. London, 1790. 3 vols. 4to. WoodvilWs Med. Bot. Suppl. See Woodvillcs Med. Bot. Zticc. Flora. Siebold (P. F. de) and Zuccarini (J. G.), Flora Japonica. ' fol. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. A. Accessory, something added to the usual number of organs. Accumbent, reclining or lying on. Accrose, slender, or needle-shaped, as in the leaves of some of the cone-bearing trees. Achenittm, a dry fruit, which does not open when ripe, and contains ono seed not adhering to the pericarp. Acicular, needle-shaped. Acuminated, having a taper point. Acute, sharp-pointed. Adnate, grown to for its whole length. JEstivaliun, the folding of the parts of a flower m the bud. Aggregate, clustered. Albumen, the solid farinaceous part of the seed, destined to nourish the embryo. Albuminous, furnished with albumen. Alburnum, the sap-wood of trees. Alveolate, honeycomb.like. . . Ame/it, a catkin, or inflorescence consistmg of chaffy scales, arranged along a thread-like re- ceptacle. Amentaceous, producing or bearing aments. Anaslomosing, uniting of nerves and veins. Androgynous, producing flowers of both sexes on the same plant. Angidaie, liaving acute angles. Annulated, ringed, exhibiting circular promi- nences. Anthcriferous, furnished with anthers. Anther, the part of tlie stamen wliicli contains the pollen. Apex, the end, or termination. Apicarp. See Epiearp. Apiculated, terminated in a little pouit, or prickle. Appendicled, having an additional small leaf at the base of the pi'tiole. Approx-imate, near to. Arborescent, having a tendency to become a tree . Arguteli/, sharply. Aril, '} an enlargement of the placenta adher- Arillus, 5 ing to the liilum of seeds, and sometimes enveloping thi-m ; exemplified in the outer orange-coloured coat of the seed of Z;u6ny- mus europs'us. Arrou'-shuped, lobed so as to resemble a barbed arrow. Articulate, jointed. Assurgent, becoming erect. Attenuate, > gradually tapering to a point. Attenuated, S j r o Auricle, an ear-like appendage. Awl-shaped, narrow pointed. Awn, a long bristly appendage, as the beard of corn, &c. Axillary, situated in the axils, or angles formed by the union of the leaf and stem. B. Baccate, berry-like ; that is, with the seeds buried in a Ceshy substance, enclosed in a thin outer skin. Beaked, ending in a hard curved point. Bellying, swelling unequally on one side. Bia'ristate, doubly awned. Bibracteate, furnished with two bracteas. Bicallose, having two small callosities, or protu- berances. Bicuspidate, having two points. B'fid, two-cleft. Bilabiate, having two lips. Bilamellate, divided into two flat parts. Bilocular, two-celled. Bipartite, two-parted. Bipinnate, twice pinnate. Bisetose, having two bristles. Bilernate, twice ternate. Bladdery, swelled out, hollow. Bossed, convex, and having a projecting point in the centre. Bractea, the floral leaf, situated immcdi.-xtely under the flower. Bracteatc, furnished with bracteas. Bracteole, a small bractea. Bran-like, having a scaly scurfy appearance. Bristle-pointed, terminating in a bristle. C. j Caducous, falling off soon : a calyx which fallz 1 off before the expansion of the corolla is said to lie caducous. Calyculate, having bracteas so disposed as to re. semble an additional calyx. Calyptra, a thin extinguisher-shaped covering, or hollow cone. Calyx, the outer envelope of a flower. Cambium, elaborated sap. Campanulale, bell-shaped. Canaliculate, channeled, furrowed. Canescent, somewhat white, hoary. Capillary, hair-like, very slender. Capitate, growing in a head ; round and blunt. Capitulate, 1 knobbed : growing in small heads. I Capitellate, i GLOSSAUIAL INDEX. J 137 Capsule, a dry fruit containing several seeds. Capsuliform, shaped like a capsule. Carina, shaped like the keel of a boat ; the lower petals of a pea flower. Cnriopside, a 1-celled, 1 -seeded, superior inde- hiscent pericarp, adhering to the proper inte- guments of the seed which it contains. Carpel, an individual part of a compound fruit. Carpuphore, a receptacle bearing only the ova- rium. Carliliiginotis, gristly : a cartilaginous leaf has the edge strengthened by a tough rim of a sub- stance different from that of the disk. Cntkin. See Anient. Ceitbriform, having an irregular brain-like ap- pearance, as the kernel of a walnut. Channeled, having a channel. Charlaceous, havnig the consistence of paper. Cilia;, hairs resembling those of the eyelash. Ciliaie, surrounded with hairs, as the eyelid is with eyelashes. Cinereous, grey, or ash-coloured. C/rr/iose, terminating in a tendril. Clavale, chib-shaped ; the thick end uppermost. Claw, the inserted, or narrow end, of a petal. Cloven, divided into two parts. Club-shaped, having the thick end uppermost. Coarctiiti, pressed together. Cohering, connected. Collateral, parallel ; side by side. Column, the column in a capsule is the part to which the seeds are attached : when the fila- ments are combined into a solid body, they are said to be columned. Comose, covered with small tufts of hairs called coma. Compound, a term used in botany to express the union of several things in one. Concave, more or less hollow. Concrete, of one mass ; joined together. Conduplicale, twice folded. Conferru?ni7ialed, so united as to be uridistin- guishable. Conglomerate, heaped, or irregularly crowded. Conical, cone-shaped. Conjugate, joined by pairs : a pinnate leaf is con- jugate when it has but one pair of leaflets. Connectivuni, the cellular texture which connects several compartments, as in some anthers. Connivent, lying close together. Conoid, shaped like a cone. Contorted, twisted. Convex, the reverse of concave : used in opposi- tion to that term. Convolute, rolled together. Cordate, heart-shaped ; in the outline resembling that of a heart in cards. Curdate-ovate, heart-shaped, rounded at the apex into an egg-shaped form. Cordijorm. See Cordate Coriaceous, leathery , thick and tough. Cornute, horn-shaped ; of a horny nature. Corolla, the inner envelope of a flower. Cor/juscle, a small body ; a particle of anything. Corymb, a kind of umbel with the stalks of the outer flowers longer than those of the centre, so as to form a level head. Corymbose, having the form of a corymb. Cotyledons, leaves enclosed in the seed, which serve to elaborate the sap before the expansion of the true leaves. Creeping, extending horizontally on the surface of the ground, and rooting at the joints. Crenate, scolloped ; having round notches. Crescent-shaped, having the form of a crescent, or half-moon. Crest, a tufted, or fringed, appendage : a stamen is crested when the filament projects beyond the anther, and becomes dilated. Crested, having a crest. Crisped, curled. Cruciform, cross-shaped : a cruciform flower consists of four petals placed in opposite direc- tions. Cucullate, curved inwards ; of a cowl or hood like appearance. Cu7ieate, wedge- shaped. 1 Cuneate-lanceolate, a form between wedge-shaped \ and lanceolate. Cnneate-lin.ar, a. wedge-shaped leaf, which is long and narrow. ', Cuneatt-ohhng, wedge-shaped and oblong. i Cuneate-obovate, a form between wedge-shaped and obovate. Cup-shaped, having a cuplike appearance, as the cup of an acorn. Cnpule, a cup, as of the acorn. Cu/iular, shaped like a cup. Cuspidate, su Jdenly terminating in a point ; spear- pointed. Cuticle, the skin, or epidermis. Cylindrical, cylinder-shaped, round. Cyme, a kind of urabt-l with the stalks of the outer flowers shorter than those in the centre. Cymose, flowering in cymes. D. Date-shaped, resembling the date in form. Decandrous, having 10 stamens. Deciduous, falling off; a tree is said to be de. ciduous when it does not retain its leave! through the winter. Decliniile, bending downwards. Decompound, a leaf is decompound when it is twice or thrice pinnate. De.unibent, lying down on the ground. Decurrent, running down : a leaf extended down the stem is decurrent. Decussate, leaves are decussate when they grow in pairs, and alternately cross each other, Dejlexed, bent downwards. Dehiscent, opening naturally. Deltoid, shaped like the Greek A. Dentate, marginal teeth-like incisions. Dentato-serrate, having the margin divided into incisions, resembling the teeth of a saw. Denticulate, having the margins finely and slightly toothed. Diaphanous, semi-transparent, like horn. Dichotomous, branching in pairs ; forked. Didymous, twin. Didyniinious, having two long stamens and two short ones in the same flower. Diffuse, widely spread; scattered. Digitate, fingered ; shaped like the hand spread open. Dilated, widened. Dimidiate, divided into two halves. Dioecious, a plant is said to be dioecious, when the male flowers are produced on one individual, and the female ones on another. Discoid, furnished with a disk, or something that may be compared to a disk. Disk, the flesliy annular process that surrounds the ovary in many flowers ; a receptacle ad- hering to the calyx ; also the surface of a leaf. Dissepiments, the partitions by which a seed-vessel is internallj- divided into cells Distichous, two-ranked or two-rowed, produced in opposite rows. Divaricate, spreading widely in different direc tions. Diverging, going far from one point. Dorsal, situated upon the back. Drupaceous, like a drupe. Dru/ie, a fruit consisting of a fleshy substance enclosing a hard stone, as the cherry. E. Ear-formed, having somewhat the appearance of an ear. Eccenlrically, disposed irregularly ; deviating from the centre. Echinate, covered with prickles, like a hedgehog. Egg-shaped, having the form of an egg, either in outline or otherwise. EUiplic, oval ; twice as long as broad, and about of equal roundness at both ends. Elliptic-lanceolate, a form between elliptic and lanceolate. Elliptic-oblong, oblong-ovate. Elongate, lengthened out. 4d 1138 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Emarginatc, having a small notch in the centre of the end or tip. Embryo, the young plant in the seed. Endocarp. the inner membrane of fruit which forms the cells. Ensiform, sword-shaped. Entire, without marginal incisions. Epicnrp, the external integument of the fruit. Epidermis, the outer skin. Epigynous, situated ujjon the style or ovary. Epipcliilous, growing u])on the petals. Eroded, gnawed, irregularly toothed. Evergreen, retaining foliage through the winter. Exserted, projecting considerably beyond some other part. Exstipvlate, without stipules. See Stiptdc. Extra-axillary, growing either from above or below the axils. Falcate, bent like a sickle. Fnrinacrons, floury. Fascicle, bundle. Fasciculate, disposed in bundles. Fastigiate, tapering to a point ; of compact upright growth, as the Lombardy poplar. Ferruginous, rusty ; iron-coloured. Fibrous, composed of fibres. Fibry, thready. Filament, the thread-like part of the stamen, which supports the anther. Filiform, thread-shaped. Filmy, having a thin skin. Flaccid, flabby ; not firm. Flagon-shaped, bearing resemblance to the form ot a flagon, or globular bottle with a slender neck. Flexuous, zigzag; having an undulating direction. Floccose, woolly. Floriferotis, bearing flowers. Foliolnte, having leaflets. Follicle, a dry seed-vessel, having only 1 -valve and one cell. Follicular, having the form of a follicle. Foramen, a small hole. Foraminosc, perforated full of holes. Friable, crumbly. Frondose, a term applied either to a stem which is beset with leaves, or to a proliferous flower. Fungous, having the consistence of mushrooms. Funiculi, small stalks by which the seeds are at- tached to the placenta. Furrowed, having longitudinal channels. Fusiform, spindle-shaped : a carrot is a fusiform root. G. Galbuhes, the cone of the genus Cupressus. Gamosepalous, where the sepals appear to be united in one. Gefnmarcous. having buds. Gibbous, swelled out witli excess of pulp ; pro- tuberant. Glabrous, smooth ; without hairs. Gland, a secretory vessel. Gland like, having the appearance of glands. Glnucescent, somewhat hoary ; or having a bluish green, or sea-green, appearance. Glaucous, sea green, or bluish green. Glumaceous, having husks. Granulated, covered as if with grains. Gynobasic, having a fleshy receptacle, bearing separate fruits. H. Hastate, formed like the head of a halbert. Hemispherical, half-round. Hermaphrodite , a flower is so called when it con- sists of both male and female organs. Heterogamous, flowers of different sexes in the same head. Hilum, the external mark or scar of a seed, whereby it is fixed to the placenta. Hirsute, hairy. Hispid, covered with bristle-like hairs. Hoary, clothed with a grey or white down. Homogamous, all the flowers hermaphrodite. Ho7nogynous, all the flowers female. Hooded, hollowed into the form of a hood. Husk, the outer covering of some seeds ; also a species of calyx peculiar to grasses and sedgei. Hypogynous, situated below the ovarium. I. Imbricate, laid over each other like tiles. Impari-pinnate, pinnate leaves, terminating with an odd leaflet. Incambent, lying upon. Indehiscent, not opening naturally. Induplicate, doubled or folded inwards. Indurate, hard. Inequilateral, unequal-sided. Inflated, puffed up ; blown out like a bladder. Inflorescence, disposition of the flowers. Infra-axillary, below the axils of the leaves. Infra-stipular, below the stipules. Internodes, the space between the joints in stems. Interpetiolar, between the petioles or leaf- stalks. Introrse, turned inwards. Inverted, upside down. Involucel, a small involucre. Involucre, two or more bracteas united below the flower. Involucriform, resembling an involucre. Jagged, coarsely cut. Jointed, having joints or articulations. K. Keel, the lower petals of a papilionaceous flowt r ; a resemblance to the keel of a boat, either ia leaves or flowers. Keel-shaped, having a keel-like appearance. Kneed, bent like the knee joint. L. Labiate, having a lip or lips. Lamellate, divided into thin plates. Lamelliform, shaped like the gills on the under side of a mushroom and similar fungi. Lamina, the upper spreading part of a petal. Laminated. See Lamellate. Lanceolate, lance or spear shaped. Lanceolate-elliptic, a form between lance-shaped and elliptic or oval. Lanceolate-oblong, lance-shaped and oblong. Lanceolate-ovate, between lance-shaped and egg- shaped. Lanceolate-subulate, between lance-shaped and awl -shaped. Lanuginous, slightly woolly. Lateral, on the side or sides. Lax, loose. Leaflet, a small leaf, forming part of a compound leaf. Legume, a pod ; the fruit of leguminous plants. Lepidoted, having prominent dots. Ligneous, woody ; a term opposed to herbaceous. Ligulate, strap-like, having the form of a strap. Limb, the spreading part of a petal, or of a tubular flower. Linear, narrow, when the two sides are nearly parallel. Linear-cuneated, between linear and wedge- shaped. Linear-elliptic, narrov and elliptic. Linear-lanceolate, narrow lance -shaped. Linear-oblong, between linear and oblong. Linear-setaceous, narrow, approaching to th« form of a bristle. Linear-subulate, narrow, and tapering to a point. Lineate, streaked in parallel lines. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. ]139 Lip, the lower projecting petal of an irregular flower. Lobe, the segment of a divided leaf. Loculicidal, admitting tlie escape of the seeds through the valves. I.omcnl, a kind of pod, which, when ripe, falls in pieces at the joints. Lucid, shining. Lunuiate, haU-moon-shaped. Lyratc, a leaf is lyrate when its apex is rounded, and there are several small lateral lobes towards its base ; harp or lyre-shaped. M. Membranaceous, of a thin pliable texture. Metamorphosed, changed from one form to an- other. Monade/p/ious, having the filaments united at the bottom into one bundle, or brotherhood. Moniliform, formed like a necklace, having al- ternate swellings and contractions. Monoecious, having the stamens and pistil in se- parate flowers on the same plant. Mouopetalous, having but one petal, or having the petals united so as to appear but one. Monospernnms, one-seeded. Mucilaginous, of a slimy nature. Mucro, a sharp rigid point. Mitcronate, terminating in a spine, or mucro. Mucronate-cuspidate, tapering suddenly to a point which is tipped with a mucro, or spine. Mvcronate-deuticulate, toothed, each tooth ter- minated with a sharp point. Mucronulate, having a small hard point. Mult{/id, many-cleft. Muricale, covered with short sharp points. Mutic, pointless ; a term opposed to mucro. N. \arrotred, tapering. Navicular, boat-shaped. Ncclari/erous, having nectaries ; bearing honey. Nectary, a ijart of the corolla, for the most part containing honey. Nucamentaceous , having catkins. Nucleus, the liernel of a nut. Nucule, a small nut. Nut, a seed enclosed within a hard shell. Nutant, nodding. O. Obconical, Inversely cone-shaped. Obcordate, inversely heart-shaped. Obcuneatc, wedge-sliape inverted. Ol/lanceolate, inversely lance-shaped. Oblate, flattened. Oblique, not direct or parallel. Oblong, two or three times longer than broad. O/dung-acutc, oblong and sharp-pointed. Oblong-cuncated, between oblong and wedge- shaped. Oblong-lanceolate, between oblong and lance- shaped. Oblong-linear, in form between oblong and linear. Oblong-oval, a form between oblong and oval. Ohiivale-cuneaicd, between obovate and wedge- shaped, with the broadest end uppermost. Obovute lanceolate, a lorui between egg-shaped and lance-shaped inverted. Obovate-spathulate, a form between obovate and that of a spatula. Obsolete, hardly evident. Obtuse, blunt. Ochrea, membranous stipules surrounding the stem and cohering by their anterior margins. Octandrous, having 8 stamens. Opaque, not reflecting light ; not transparent. Opposite, placed in pairs on opposite sides of a stem. Orthotropous, straight, and having the same di- rection as the body to which it belongs. Oval, in the form of an ellipsis. Ovarium, \ Ovary, f tlie germen, or incipient seed-vessel, which contains the rudiments of the future seed. Ovale-acuminafe, egg-shaped in the lower part, and tapering to a point. Ovate-acute, egg-shaped in part, but terminating in a sharp point. Ovate-arrow-shaped, a form intermediate be- twen egg-shaped and arrow-shaped Ovaie-campanulate, a figure between egg-shaped and bell-shaped. Ovate-elliptic, between egg-shaped and elliptical. Ovate-globose, a form between round and egg- shaped. Ovate-lancculate, between egg-shaped and lance- shaped. Ovoid, egg-shaped Ovoid-cylindrical, egg-shaped and cylindrical. Ovulum, an incipient seed. Paleaceous, having or abounding in chafTy scales. PalecE, chaffy scales, common in compound flowers. Palmate, palm-shaped, divided so as to resemble the hand spread open. Pandurijorm, fiddle-shapi'd. Panicle, a loose irregular mode of inflorescence, similarly disposed to that of many grasses, as oats. Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped flowers, as those of the common pea. PapilUJ'orm, bearing resemblance to small glan, dular excrescences or pimples. Pappnse, downy ; liaving pappus. Pappus, a kind of down formed by the minute division of the limb of the calyx of the Com- pdsitae. Parietal, attached to the sides or walls of the ovary. Pectinate, comb-shaped. Pedicel, the flower-stalk of each separate flower. Pedicellate, having pedicels. Peduncle. t;ie principal flower-stalk. Peduiiadate, having peduncles. Pellucid, transparent ; bright. Peltate, a peltate leaf has the petiole fixed in ths centre of the disk, instead of in the margin. Peyidulous, drooping ; hanging down. Pentagonal, five-angled. Pentandruus, having 5 stamens. Pentapctalous, five petaled. PerJoliiUe, a leaf is said to be perfoliate when the stem passes through its base, as in the honey- suckle. Perforated, pierced through, apparently full of holes. Perianth, the flower cup; the envelope which surrounds the flower: a term applied -aIuii the calyx cannot be distinguished from the co- rolla. Pericarp, the covering of the seed-vessel. Perigonal, having both calyx and corolla. Perigyuous, inserted in the calyx, or in the di.^k which adheres to the calyx. Peripheric, curved; circular. Persistent, remaining ; not falling off. Petal, a division of a corolla. Petiolate, having petioles, or footstalks, to tlie leaves. Petiole, the footstalk of a leaf. Pctiulule, the footstalk of a leaflet. Hetiolulate, having petiolulea. Pilose, hairy. PinncE, the leaflets of a pinnate leaf. Pinnate, a leaf divided into many smaller leaves or leaflets is said to be pinnate. Pistil, the columnar body usually situated in the centre of a flower ; when perfect it consists of the germen, style, and stigma. Placenta, that part of the seed-vessel to which the seeds are affixed. Plano-convex, flat on the one side and convex on the other. Plicate, plaited. 4d 2 1140 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. Plumose, bearing a resemblance to feathers; feathery. Plutnidc. the ascending shoot of a seedling. Pod, a kind of seed-vessel similar to that of the common pea. Pollen, farina, or dust, contained within the cells of the anthers when perfect ; it is essential to fructification. Polyiindrous, having more than 20 stamens in- serted in tlie receptacle. Polygamous, producing male, female, and her- maphrodite flowers on the same plants. Polypetalous, having many petals. Pome, a fruit composed of tlie fleshy tubular part of the calyx, and crowned by the persistent limb. Pouch, a small bag, or sac, at the base of some petals and sepals. Prickle, a rigid opaque process terminating in an acute point, unconnected with the woody fibre. Procumbent, prostrate. Pubcrulons, clothed with spreading down. I'ubcscent, covered with short soft hairs. Punctured, dotted. Putamen, a nut of many cells. Pyramidal, formed like a pyramid. Pyrence, a kind of fruit, synonymous with the term Pome. Pyriform, shaped like a pear. Q. Quadrangular, having four angles. Quadrifarious , arranged in four rows ; or ranks. Quadrijid, four-parted ; divided into four parts. Quinqu^fid, five-parted ; divided into five parts. R. Raceme, a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged around a simple filiform axis, each particular flower on its own proper footstalk. Race/nule, a small raceme. i?acAi.v, the common footstalk ofspikes or panicles of flowers, and of compound leaves; the axis of the cone of the silver fir and the cedar. Radiant, divided like the rays of a star. Radicle, the root of an embryo. Ramejitaceous, having small loose scales upon the stem. Ramose, branched. Raphe, in seeds, the channel of vessels which con- nects the cnalaza at one end of the seed-vessel with the hilura at the other. Receptacle, that part of the fructification which supports the other parts. Recurved, curved backwards. Rejiexed, bent backwards. Regma, a kind of seed-vessel, three or more celled, few-seeded, superior, dry, the cells bursting from the axis with elasticity into two valves. Reniform, kidney-shaped. Repand, when the margin of a leaf has a wavy undulated appearance, the leaf is said to be repand. Replicate, folded back. Reticulated, net-like, usually applied to the veins or nerves. Retuse, ending in a broad shallow notch, appear- ing as if bitten off" at the end. Rcvolute, rolled back. Rhombic, 1 a figure approaching to a diamond- Rhomboid,^ shape. Rigid, stiff". Ringent, gaping. Rotate, wheel-shaped: a monopetalous corolla, having a very short tube and a flat limb, is called rotate. Rufescent, somewhat rusty. Rugose, rough, or coarsely wrinkled. Runcinate, cut into several transverse acute seg- ments which point backwards. S. Sagittate, arrow-shaped, shaped like the head of an arrow. Salver-shaped, applied to the calyx or corolla when the tube is long and slender, and the limb flat. Samara, a kind of winged seed-vessel containing one or more seeds, surrounded, or partially surrounded, by a thin transparent membrane. Samarideous, bearing samarae. Sarmentose, producing trailing stems which root at every joint. Scabrous, rough from little asperities. Scale, a term usually applied to the bractese of the amentum or catkin ; also bractese of cones. Scale-formed, having the form of scales. Scaly, having scales. Scandent, climbing. Scape, a stem rising immediately from the root, bearing flowers only, or, at most, flowers and a few bracteae. Scarious, dry and membranous. Scobiform, formed of a very thin, hollow, mem- branous aril, containing a globular free seed in its cavity. Secund, arranged on one side only. Semi, half. Seminiferous, seed-bearing. Sepiiloid, resembling sepals. Sepals, divisions of the calyx. Septicidal, dividing at the dissepiments to admit the escape of seeds. Septijerotis, having septa or partitions. Serrate, like the teeth of a saw. Serrulate, finely notched, like the teeth of a very fine saw. Sessile, without stalks. Seta, a bristle ; a strong, stiff", roundish hair. Setaceous, resembling a bristle in form. Setigerous, bearing bristles. Setose, bristly ; clothed with bristles. Sheath, the lower part of a leaf or petiole which surrounds the stem. Shield, a broad table-like process in some flowers, also the seed-vessel in lichens. Silicic, a kind of pod, short and round, with two valves, and having its seeds attached to both sutures. Silique, a long and narrow dry seed-vessel with two valves, the seeds of which are alternately fixed to both sutures. Sinuated, cut into scollops. Sinus, a notch or cavity, Sorosis, a spike or raceme converted into a fleshy fruit by the cohesion, in a single mass, of the ovaria and floral envelopes. Spathaceous, having a spathe ; spathe-like. Spathulate, shaped like a spatula. Sphacelate, withered, but not decayed. Spicate, having an inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile' or nearly so, upon one long common footstalk, or rachis. Spine, a thorn which proceeds from the wood, not from the bark only. Spinesce7tt, furnished with spine-like processes. Spinule, a small spine. Spurred, having horn-like processes, produced by various parts of a flower. Squarrose, ragged ; scurfy. S/«?nera, the male organ of a flower. Staminodia, scales at the base of the petals in some flowers, as in those of some species ol lime. Standard, the upper petal in papilionaceoui flowers. Stellate, radiating in a star-like manner. Stem-clasping, the petiole of a leaf which is dilated so as to enfold the stem with its base is said to be stem-clasping. Stipe, the stalk of the germen or ovary within the corolla and calyx; the trunk of a tree- fern, &c. Stipitate, furnished with a stipe. Stipule, a small leaf or membrane at the base of the petiole. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 1141 Stipulate, having stipules. Stoloniferous, bearing runners which root at the joints. Stomata, pores of the epidermis. Striated, streaked. Strigose, covered with little, upright, stiff hairs. Strobile, a cone : this term is also applied to indicate the kind of fruit produced by the magnolia. Stt/le, that part of the pistil which is situated upon the germen, and elevates the stigma. Sub, somewhat ; as sub-rotund, somewhat round, or roundish, &c. STi.ffruticose. rather shrubby. Sulcate, furrowed. Surculi, young shoots; suckers; stems of mosses. Surculose, producing surculi, or young shoots. Suture, the line formed by the cohesion of two parts, usually applied to the fruit. Sycon, a fleshy rachis, having the form of a flattened disk, or of a hollow receptacle, with distinct flowers and dry pericarpia, as in the flg. Tendrils, the twining organs by which some plants lay hold of others, as the vine. Terete, long and round ; straw-like. 7'erminul, at the end. Ternary, consisting of threes. Ternate, a leaf of three leaflets is called ternate. Tessellaied, chequered. Testa, the shell or cuticle of a seed, containing all its parts. Tetragonal, four-angled. Teiragonous, having four angles. Thyrse, \ a mode of inflorescence in a dense Thyrsus, J or close panicle, as in the lilac. Thyrsoid, resembling a thyrse. Tomentum, down ; white hairs closely matted together, and soft to the touch. Toothed, so divided as to resemble teeth. Toothleted, having small teeth. Top-shaped, inversely conical ; having a contrac- tion towards the point. Tortuous, twisted. Torulose, having slight swellings. Torus, the receptacle when somewhat elevated. Trailing. See Sar7nentose. Trapezoidal, bearing a resemblance in form to that of a trapezium, or quadrilateral figure, whose four sides are not equal, and none of its sides parallel. Trapezoideo-cordate, a form between that of a trapezium and that of a heart. Trichotomous. branches dividing into threes. Trifid, three-cleft. Trifoliate, having three leaves. Trifoliolate, having three leaflets. Trigonal, S-angled. Trigynous, having three styles. Triple-nerved, 3-nerved. Triquetrous, 3-sided. Truncate, blunt, as if cut off. Tube, the cylindrical part of a flower. Tubercle, a little knob. Tuberculate, covered with little knobs or tuber- cles. Tubulous, having a tubular calyx, corolla, nec- tary, stem, or leaf. Tufted, forming a dense tuft. Tumid, swelling. Turbinate, top-shaped. Turgid, puffed up ; swollen U. Umbellate, having the flowers in round flat heads, the flower-stalks proceeding from one common centre. Umbellule, a small umbel ; a division of an umbel. Umbilicate, hollowed like the navel. Umbilicus, the cord which attaches the seed to the placenta. Umbo, a projecting point in the centre, like the bofs in an ancient shield. Umoonate, having an umbo. Unctuous, oily ; fat. Undulate, waved. Unguiculate, furnished with a claw, or an unguis, as the petals of the pink. Urceolus, the part when bellying out in the form of a pitcher. Utricle, a little bladder. Valvate, opening by valves. Valvular, consisting of valves. Vaulted, formed like the roof of a vault. Velvety, covered with soft down, like velvet. Ventricose, inflated ; swelled out. Vernation, the disposition of the young or grow. ing leaves within the bud. Verrucose, warted ; covered with fleshy processes, in form resembling warts. Versatile, vane-like : an anther fixed in the centre on the point of the filament, so as to be continually changing its position, is said to be versatile. Verticel, a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers surround the stem in a kind of ring, though not, perhaps, inserted on all sides of it, but merely on two opposite ones. Verticillate, growing in whorls round the stem. Vexillum, the standard, or banner (the upper petal), of a papilionaceous, or pea, flower. Villous, clothed with soft, close, loose iiairs. rtel^'^™™y;^''hesive. VittcE, longitudinal ducts or canals, containing an oily or resinous substance, found within the coat of the carpels of some umbelliferous plants. W. Wavy, undulated. Wedge-shaped, inversely triangular, with rounded angles. Whorl, a disposition of leaves or flowers round the stem, resembling the spokes round the nave of a wheel. Wing, a membranous border ; a membrane at- tached to some kinds of seeds, by which they are supported in the air when floating from place to place. Winged, furnished with a wing or wings. Wings, the side petals of a papilionaceous, or pea, flower. Woolly, covered with hairs closely matted to- gether. Wrinkled, having an unequal surface. I Zigzag, bending from side to side. 4d 3 GENERAL INDEX. The synonynies are in italics ; and, for the sake of clearness, the usual typographical indications are omitted. Those who wish to see any name or synonynie in connexion with the other naint'S or synonymes to which it is allied, wIthflMt the trouble of turning to the dfscriptions in the body of the work, may turn at once to the Talile of Contents, between p. v. and p. Iviii. For example, supjiosinf; it were tlesired to ascertain, with the li'ast possible trouble, the position of Cistus cyprius Lam. among other cistuses ; then, the paL;e referred to after C. cyprius beinj; 57., look for that page in the columns of pages in the Table of Contents. It will be found in the middle column of p. vii., where there are, occupving about half a column, C. cyprius, and all the other species and varieties of Cistus given in the work. Adjoining is the closely allied genus ifeli^nthemum, which also contains several species of Cistus as synonymes. Page Abde Tree - - 8l9 A'bies D Don - 102.T J'bies Link - - 1036 J-hk's alha Mill. - 1037 alba Michx. - 1030 n&na Dickson - 103G americana - - 1035 Araragi Sieb. - 1036 balsaminea'DyiW. 1044 balsamifera Michx. 1044 BrunoiiiatKi Lindl. 1036 ccerulea Booth - 103'J culijornia Hort. - 1033 canadensis Mx. - IOJ.t carpalicn Hort. - 10'J7 Cedrus Poir. - lOST cephalonicti A. B.- 1(39 communis Hort. - 1026 pendula - - 1027 curvifulia Hort. - 1030 DeodHra Lindl. - lO.TO Dousliisii Lindl. - 1033 taxifolia - - 10,33 dunibsa - - 1036 ilcs^ans Sm. of Ayr 1027 excelsa Link - 1037 excelsa Dec. - 1026 carpatica - - 1027 Clanbrasiliana - 1027 stricta - - 1027 communis - 1026 fbliis variegatis - 1027 gigantea - - 1027 monstrbsa - 1027 mucronata Hort. 1027 nigra - - 1026 pendula - - 1027 pygmie'a - - 1027 tenuil'ftlia - - 1(:27 falcita - - 1036 Frascri T.indl. - 1044 gigan'ia Sm. of.Vyr 1027 grandis Lindl. - 104.5 heterophvUa - 1036 hirtella llu7„b. - 1036 hirtella Lindl. - 105(1 Kiemplerii Thunb. l(,:f(i Khutr'ow - - 1032 Larix Lam. - - 10-53 Luscombi'dnaHort. 1039 7Krt;ju7i« Wangh. - 1031 Morni Sieb. - - 1036 Monziesii Dong. - 1(31 Morten.si^na />(«';:. lOofi nticrocdrpa Poir. - 105() monstibsa Hort. - 1027 Moiinda Hort. - 1(!32 tmnt Hort. Soc. - 1027 nigra loir. - - 1031 vCbilis Lindl. - 1047 obliqiiata - - 1036 oboviita D. Don - 1029 orientalis Tourn. - 1029 Page V PiccaTAn. 92 Neg&ndo L. - • 122 nigrum Mx. - - 85 oblongum IVnll. - 79 obtus^tnm Kit. - 88 coriacoiim - 88 ibericum - - 88 lohatam - - 88 obtusifbliiim Sib. - 94 O'pal'us Ail. - - 89 opnlil'dliuin - - 94 opulifblium Hort. - 86 palmktum TImnb. 90 pnrtiijihrum Ehrh. 80 parvifolium Tausch 94 pcnnsylvdnicum Dur. 80 pennsi/lednicum L. 81 plataiioides /.. - 83 plalanb/des CDon 83 albo-variegdtum H. 83 aureo var Hort. 83 crispum Lauth - 83 laciniatnm Dec. 83 Lobelii - - 83 variegatiira - 83 Pseudo-PlatanusX. 86 albo-variegat.t - 86 flivo-variegkta - 86 longifOlia - 86 liitesccns Hort. 86 macroptcra Hat/ne 86 microptera Hayne 86 opulifiilia - - 86 purpiirea Hort. - 86 stem'iptera Hiiyne 86 rhbrum Wang. 90 rotundifblium L. - 89 rtibrum /.. - -90 intermedium Lodd. 92 saceliarinum L. - 85 nigrum - - 85 nigrum T . Sc G . 85 sanguirienm .Spach 92 sciiiperti'irens L. - 94 spicatum Lam. - 80 striatum L. - - 81 tat&ricura L. - 80 tauricum - - 93 lomentbsmn H. P. 90 trilobalum Hort. - 86 tri/ohdinni I^am. - 92 tri/obtim Mcench - 92 trifulium Duh. - 92 i Page tripartitum A'm/.94. 1112 villusum Presl - 89 virgi/iidtrntn Dii H. 90 virgiiiidnitm Hort. 92 Achi/rdnthes Forsk. 677 pappbsa Forsk. - 677 Adam's Needle - 1101 Adi^lia Mich. - - 714 acuminata Mx. - 714 ligiistrina Mich. - 713 porulbsa Mx. - 714 AdeiKJcarpus Dec. - 227 Boissieri IVebb - 227 decorticans Bois. - 227 intermedins Dec. - 228 parvifnlins Dec. - 22h telonensis Dec. - 228 VHilgensis SprcMig. 243 Mscln/nomriu' lloxb. 236 liisp'ida Roxb. - 236 Psend-Acacia'Ro'^h. 233 jEscul-iceae - 124. 1113 yE'sculus - 124. 1113 asplenijblia Hort. 124 californ/ca Nutt. - 134 cdrnea Hort. - 126 coccinea Hort. - 126 discolor Ph. - - 133 echindta Muhl. - 125 JtdvaA\t- - - 129 glabra IVilld. - 127 glabra Tor. & Gray 125 Hippocastanuni L. 124 americiinum - 127 argenteo-variegfit. 124 aiireo-variegatum 124 crispum 124 fl6re pleno - 124 inclsum 124 nigrum 124 pras'cox 124 ruble unda - 1113 striatum 124 tortuosimi - 121 rubicdndum Schu .126 humilis Lodd. 129 lilten Wang. 130 ■macrostdchya Mx. 133 ncglecta Lindl. 131 ohioensis Mx. 125 ohioensis Lindl. 125 pallida Dilld. 127 pallida Willd. 125 Pa via L. 128 IS discohr T.&G. 133 fnacrocdrpa Lod. 132 riibra Hayne 128 serrdia Hort. - 129 parvijibra Walt. 133 rbseii Hort. 126 rbsea Hort. 127 rnbicunda Lois. - 126 r6sea - 127 GENERAL INDEX. 1143 Page Watsoniina S. - 126 Agiria Adanson - 163 Ai^rifolium Clayt. - 160 vulgcire Clayt. - 161 A' gnus cdstus Bl. - 673 Ailanto - - - 145 AilaiUus Desf. - 145 glandulosa Desf. - 145 procera Sal. - 145 Alaitrmts - - 171 sempervnens Kcehl. 531 Aider - - - 832 Alexandrian Laurel 1101 All Saints' Cherry - 281 Almund Tree - - 261 A'lnus Tourn. 832. 1117 acuminata H. et M 836 americdiia Lodd. - 835 barbata Mey. - 836 canadensis Lodd. - 835 castaneif61ia Mirb. 837 corddta Ten. - 835 cordit'61ia iorfrf. - 835 criipa Pur.sh - 835 denticulata Fisch. - 1117 Jrvticosa Schm. - 836 gtafica Mx. - - 834 gUitiaosa Gisrtn. - 832 emargin&ta IVilld. 832 ftliis variegitis H. 833 incisa Hort. - 832 laciniata Ait. - 832 macrocarpa - 833 oxyacantha;ff)lia 832 quercifblia Wiild. 832 incaiia IVilld. - 834 angulata Ait. - 834 glauca - - 834 laciniata Lodd. - 834 jorrullensis - - 836 macrocarpa Lodd. 833 obtusifblia Royle - 835 oblongata Willd. - 834 t'dliis elliptlcis Ait. 834 vvdtii Lodd. - - 836 oxyacanth{Efolia L. 832 serrul^ta Willd. - 835 undulita Willd. - 835 subcordata Mey. - 836 viridis Dec. - - 836 AltluE^afriitex - 62 Altingia Noronh. - 932 excelsa Noronli. - 933 Amelanchier M. 412. 1115 Botrv&piura Dec. - 412 florida Lindl. - 414 parvif&lia - - 414 ovalis Dec. - - 413 semi-integrifblia 414 subcordata 414. 1115 parv'Jlbra Doug. 413 sanguinea Dec. - 413 vulgaris Mcench - 412 American Allspice 452 American Ash - 616 American Elm - 723 Ainer. Honeysuckle 592 American Oaks - 862 American Pines - 969 Ammyrsine Ph. - 602 buxijblia Ph. - 6ii2 Lyoni .Swt. - - 602 prostrdta Swt. - 602 Amorpha L. - - 230 canescens Nutt. - 232 crbceo-lanata - 231 fragrans Sivt. - 231 frutic6sa L. - - 230 angustifdlia Psli. 230 cajriilea Lod. Cat 230 emarginata Pursk 230 Lewisii Lod. Cat. 230 glabra Desf. - - 230 inicrop/iylia VuTsh 231 nana N?ilt. - - 231 nana Siiris - - 231 Pase f pubescens Pursh 232 Ampel6psis Mx. 139. 141 bipinnata Mx. - 140 botrya Dee. - - 140 capreolita G. Don 140 cordiita Mx. - - 140 hederacea Mx. - 139 hirsuta Donn - 139 hir.-.ilta Donn - 140 incisa - - - 140 quinquefblia H. - 139 Amygdaius T. - 261.1114 argenlea Lam. - 2G5 Besseridiia Schott 262 campestris Besser 262 communis L. - 2()3 amJlra Dec. - 263 dulcis Dec. - 264 11. pleno Baum. C 264 f61. varieg. Baum. 264 fragilis Ser. - 264 macrocarpa Ser. 264 persicdkles Ser. 264 fragilis Hell. - 264 georgica Desf. - 262 incana I'all. - - 263 nana L. - - - 262 campestris Ser. - 262 gedrgica Dec. - 262 incdna Guld. - 263 sibirica Lodd. - 262 orientMis Ait. - 265 Pallasii l.edeb. - 1114 pedunculdta Pallas 1114 persiea L. - - 266 persicn Lam. - 267 Nectarina Ait. - 267 pitmila L. - - 286 tomentdsa Lodd. C. 263 viUgdris Dec. - 262 Amyris Cav. - - 192 poly ga ma Cav. - 192 Anacardiicese - 184. 1113 Anagyris Wall. - 199 indica Wall. - 199 Andrdchne Clus. - 575 Theuplirdsti Clus. 575 Andrdmeda L. - 560 acuminata Ait. - 569 angustifblia Ph. - 563 arbdrea L. Sp. - .566 axillaris Sol. - 568 bryanlha L. Mant. 671 cwrillea L. Sp. - 571 calyculdta L. Sp. - 563 angustifblia Ait. 563 caprichia Ham. - 570 ciissinefblia Vent. 564 cassinefblia /3 Vent. 564 Catesbtc'i Walt. - 568 Catesbce^i Walt. - 569 coridcca Willd. - 565 crispa Desf. - - 563 DaboS^cia L. Syst. 572 dealbdta Lindl. - 564 Drummondii Hook. 561 ericbules Pall. - 562 ferruginea Walt. - 565 ferrnginea Willd. .565 arborescens Mx. 565 fruticbsa Mx. - 565 floribdnda Lyon - 569 for?>ii)sissi»ia Bartr. 569 froiidi>sa Ph. - 567 hypnbides L. Sp. - 561 laUrina Mx. - 569 lotigifblia Pursh - 696 lucHia Jacq. - - .509 liicida Lam. - - 566 lyco/iodibides Pall. 562 ■maridna ,Iacq. - 565 maridnn L. .Sp. - 666 margiudta Duh. - 565 uvalifblia Asiat. R. 570 ovdta Soland. - - .564 paniculdta L. Sp. 567 Page panwulatd Walt. 566 polifblia Mx. - 561 polifolia L. - - .560 angustifdlia Lodd. 560 ericoides - - .560 grandill6rd Lodd. 560 latil'&lia Lodd. - 561 minima - - 501 revoliita Lodd. - 561 sc6tica - - .561 stricta - - 561 populifblia Lam. - 669 pulverulenta Bart. 564 racembsa L. Sp. - 566 reticuldta Walt. - 569 rigida Ph. - - 565 rosmarinif6lia PA. 561 specibsa Mx. - 564 gla&ca Wats. - 664 7iitida Ph. - 564 pulverulenta Ph. 664 spicdla Wats. - 569 spinulosa Ph. - 569 Stelleridna Pall. - 272 taxifUia PalL - 571 tetragbna L. Sp. - 562 Wdlteri Willd. - 569 Androphilax Wendl. 41 sciindens Wendl. - 41 Androsse'mum Cli. 77 fce'tidmn Bauh. - 75 officinale Alliuni - 78 Angelica tree - - 496 Aniseed tree - - 20 Anonaceae - - 38 Annbna triloba L. - 38 Anonmiios Walt. - 249 frutescens Walt. - 2-!9 A'pios Ph. - - 249 frutescens Ph. - 249 Apple ... 425 Apricot Tree - - 267 Aquifoliacea> - 161. 1113 Aquijblium Catesb. 161 carolinense Catesb. 161 AralikceiB - 496. 1116 Ardlia L. - 496, 497 japdnica Thicnb. - 497 spindsa L. - - 496 Araucaria J. - 1061 brasiliana llich. - 1062 Cunningli^mii Ait. 1062 Dombeyi Rich. - 1062 excelsa Ait. - - 1062 imbricSta Pav. - 1062 lanceoldta Hort - 1065 A'rbor Vitse - - 1068 A'rbutus Camer. - 573 alpinu L. Sp. - .578 AndrachneL. - 575 serratilolia - 575 andrachnbides Lk. 674 bnxifblia Stoiics - 577 densifldraH. iJ.^iC. 576 filiformis Lam. - 581 hybrida Ker - 574 Milleri Mayes - 575 iniegrifblia Lam. 675 microphCdla Forst. 579 mucronata L. f. - 578 nepalinsis Royle - 576 pilbsa Graham - 579 procera Dougl. - 576 phinila Forst. - 679 serpyllifdlia Lam. 579 serratifblia Nois. - 575 speeidsa Dickson - 576 tomentbsa Ph. - 576 nuda/Zoo/i. S; Am. 676 U'nedo L. - - 573 ^Ibus Ail. - - 573 crispus - - 574 integrifblius Sims 574 plenus Ait. - 573 riiber Ait. - - 573 salicif61ius - - 574 4 D 4 Page schizopetalus - 574 Vva-drsi L. Sp. - 577 Arctostapliylos/lrf07zs. 577 alplna Spreng. - 678 nitida Benlh. - 1116 pungens //. /?. 678.1116 tomentbsa Lindl. - 576 U'va-ursi Spreng. 577 austriaca Lod. - 577 Argania Ka-m. - 622 Sideroxylon Room. 622 Aria L'Ob. - - 432 Theophrasti L'Ob. 4.52 Aristolochiacea; - 701 Aristol6chia L. - 701 macrupkijUa Lam. 701 siplio L'ilerit. - 7ill tomentbsa S. - 702 .A.ristotelia L. - 182 gtaiidulosaR.k'P. 182 Mkccixii L' Herit - 182 foliis variegiXtis - 183 Armenlaca Tourn. . 267 atropurpilrea Lois 268 brigantiaca P. - 270 dasycarpa Pers. - 268 persicilolia Lois. 269 pedunculata Led. - 270 persicifblia Don'sM. 269 sibirica Pers. - 269 vulgaris Lam. - 267 cordif61ia Ser. - 268 tl6re pleno Hort. 268 f61. varieg&tis H. 268 ovalifolia Ser. - 268 Arbniu Pers. - - 447 arbulifblia Pers. - 447 Bo/ryiipium Vers. 412 oviilis Pers. . 413 pyrifblia Pers. - 446 sanguinea N utt. - 4 1 3 subcordata Raf. - 414 rotundifblia Pers. 412 Artemisia Cass. - 549 Abi(')tanum L. - 550 hClmile Hort. - 550 tobolski^num H. 550 arborescens L. - .550 procera IV. - - 550 Santonica L. - 550 tobolskiina L. C. - 550 ArtocarpeiE - - 706 Asclepiadicea; - 1117 Ash - - - 639 Ash-berry - - 50 Asimina Adatison - 38 grandi flora - - 39 parviHora - - 39 triloba Dun. - 38 Aspen ... 821 Astragalus Dec. 246. 1114 altdicus Lodd. Cab. 246 arisldtus l/Herit. 246 brevifblius Bot. C. " 246 fruticbsiis Dec. - 1114 massiliensis Lam, 246 Tragacantha L. - 246 vimineus Dec. - 1114 Atragene - 16. 1111 a/joj/ja Gmel. & Pall. 17 alplna i. - - 16 sibirica L. - - 17 sibirica ? - - 16 americana Sims - 17 obliqua/)o« MS. 17 austriaca Scop. - 16 cirrkbsii Pers. - 13 clematides Crantz - 16 Columbiana A'm«. - 17 florida Pers. - - 10 indica Desf. - . 10 macropetala L. 57. 1111 ochutensis Pallas - 17 sibirica L. - - 16 .jVtraphaxis L. - 680 Bpini)sa L. - - 680 1144 GENERAL INDEX. Page undul^ta L. - - 680 A'triplex L. - - 676 Hilimus L. - - 676 maritima Ray - 676 portulacoities L, - 676 Aiicuba Thimb. - 511 jap6nica 7'A?<«6. - 511 AiirantiJlceae - - 1112 Avignon Berry - 173 A'xyris L. - . 607 ceratoides Lin. - 677 Ayrshire Rose . 344 Aaalea Don - - 601 arbdrea Bartr. - 598 arbdrea Lin. Sp. - 592 arboreseens Ph. - 598 bicolor Pursti - 594 calendul^cen Mx. 595 fUlgida Hort. . 595 canhcens Mx. - 695 coccinea Lodd. C. 597 ferruginea Hort. . 590 gln&ca Ph. - - 596 Tiispidu Ph. - - 597 lapponica L. - 590 nitida Ph. - - 597 nudiflhra L. Sp. . .592 alba Ait. - - 593 bicolor Ait. - 594 carnea Ait. - 593 coccinea Ait. - 595 rittilans Ait. - 593 periclytnenoides Mx. 592 o/An Ph. - - 593 carnea Ph. - 593 pii/iilionacca Ph. 593 partija Ph. . 593 polydndra Ph. - 593 rhlilans Ph. - 593 pilbsa Lam. - 601 ponlica Lin. Sp. - 592 procumbens /y. - 601 specibsa Willd. - 597 viscbsa L. Sp. . 595 fioribdnda Ait. - 596 glaUca Ait. . .597 Azara if. 4- P. - 184 dentita R. ^ P. . 1S4 integrif61ia - - 184 Azarole Thorn - 368 Baccharis R. Br. - .546 angustif61ia Ph. - 547 halimifblia L. - 547 Balsamicefe - - 931 Jinptisia Hook - 199 iiepalensis Hook. - 199 Basket Osier - - 748 Bastard Indigo - 230 BuumgartiaMcer\Q\\ 41 sciindens Moench - 4! Bearberry - - 577 Bear Oak - - 876 Beech - . . 905 Belis Salisb. - . 1065 jaculij blia S&Wib. 1065 liellucia Adams . 143 Benjamin Tree - 685 Benthiimi,''. Z,. - .^07 fragilera Lindl. - 508 japonica - - .508 Benzoin - - 685 Berbericeae - 42. 1111 Berberis /,. - 42. 1111 actinacantha Mart. 47 €Ct}iensis Presl - 42 altdica Pal. - - 42' angustil'blia//nrt»r. 1112 angnstifblia Koxb. 49 Aquijblium Ph. - 51 Aqutjhlium Lindl. 53 rcpens Tor. 4 G. 53 asiatica Roxb. - 49 btixifblia Lam. - 47 canadensis Mill. - 45 Chinensis Gilt. . 49 Chiiria Buch. . 49 Page CoriSiria Royle - 49 corymbbsa H. S[ A. 49 cratae'gina Dec. - 45 cretica L. - - 4J bux/folia Tourn. - 44 dealbata Lindl. - 48 diileis D. Don - 47 emarginata IV'illd. 44 empetrifblia Lam. 48 /(Mc/cM/a7M Pen.Cyc. 50 glaUca Booth - 43 glaitca Hort. - 48 ghmidcea Pen. Cyc. 52 glomer^ta H. S; A. 49 ^rac(/!s Hart w. - 1111 Greville^na Gill. - 49 Hartwegii lienth - 1112 heterophylU Jtcs. - 48 iberica Stev. - - 45 ilicifolia Forst. - 48 innominata Kalm - 43 lancfoldtaTieuth. - 1112 macrocdrpa of some 42 nervosa Ph. - - 52 pinndta Lag. - 50 ripens Pen. Cyc. - 53 ruscifblia Lam. - 49 sibirica Pdrt - 42 smensis Desf. - 46 sinensis Desf. - 49 sinensis Wal. - 45 tricuspiddia Sm. - 48 trifolidta Hartw. - 1 1 1 1 vulgdris Mx. - 45 vulgaris Thunb. - 46 vulgaris L. - - 42 alba - - - 43 asperma - - 43 canadensis Mart. 45 dillcis - - 43 glauca - - 43 iberica Dec. - 45 longifijlia - - 43 Ititea - - - 43 mitis - - - 43 nigra - - - 43 proviiiciklis - 43 purpurea - - 43 violacea - - 43 ful. purpilreis i/ 1111 Berberry - - 42 Berchemia A'^. - 169 volfibilis Dec. - 170 Betulaceae - 832. 1117 Betula r,)«7-n. 838.1117 acui/iindla Khrh. - 840 iTtnensis Rafin. - 837 alba L. ■ - 838 dalecarlica L. - 839 f61iis variegatis - S39 macrocarpa li'illd. 839 pendula Sm. - 838 p6ntica - - 838 pubescens Ehrh. 838 urticifolia - - 839 A'lno BHuIle Ehr. 836 A'lnus Lin. - - 832 crispa Mx. - 835 incana Lin. - 834 antdrctica Forst. - 910 canadensis Lod. - 842 carpinijdlia Ehrh. 844 crispalkit. - - 835 daurica Pall. - 840 emargmdtd Ehrh. 8.12 excelsa H. Kew. - 843 canadensis Wang. 840 fruticf)sa Pall. - 840 glandulfisa A/. - 841 humilis Schr. - 840 incdna Lin. - - 834 glauca Wt. - 834 lacinidta Lod. - 841 lanceoldla Hort. - 842 lenta 1,. - - 844 linta Du Roi - 841 lutea Mx. - Page 843 mollis Lindl. 1117 nana L. 840 stricta Lod. - - 841 ndna Kalm - 840 Suecbrum Brom. 840 nigra L. - - 843 nigra Du Roi 844 Olid/a Sch. - 836 palHslris pumila - 840 papyrifera Mx. 842 papjricea Ait. 842 fusca 842 platyphylla Hort. 842 trich6clada Hurt. 842 pendula Lod. 841 pendula Roth 838 p6ntica 838 popuiifblia Ait. 841 lancini^ta - 841 pendula 841 pubhcens Ehrh. - 838 pfimila /,. 840 quebeccensis Schr. 840 riibra Lod. - 842 rugdsa Ehrh. 835 serruldia Ait. 835 urticifolia 838 verrucosa Ehrh. - 838 viridis Hort. 836 viridis Vil. - 834 Bigarreau 278 Bigelbina Mx. 713 ligliitrina Mx. 713 porul()sa Smith - 714 Big Laurel 22 Bign6nia Tour. 660 Bignbnia Lin. 661 capreol^ta L. 660 Caldlpa Lin. 662 chinensis Lam. Diet .661 fraxinifolia Catesb. 661 grandifiora Th. 661 radicans Lin. 661 miijor Wort. 661 tomentbsa Thunb. 671 Bilberry G04 Birch - 837 Bird Cherry 289 Bird's-eye Maple - 85 Birthwort 701 Bitter Almond 263 Bitter-sweet 664 Black Ash 122 Blackberry 316 Blackheart Cherry - 277 Black Ital. Poplar - 825 Black Walnut 734 Bladdernut 147 Bladder Senna * 244 Botwjidia iieck. 230 B6rya /('. 713 acuminata 714 ligustrina Jf. 713 porul6sa fV. 714 Box Alder 122 Box Thorn - 665 Box Thorn - 170 Box Tree 703 Bramble 311 Bride-wort - 307 Broom 219 Broussonetia Vent. 710 cucuUdta Bon J. - 710 naviculdris Lodd.- 710 papyrifera Vent. - 710 ciicuUata 710 fructu albo 711 spatuldla H. Br. - 710 Bryaiithus Gmel. - 571 Gmelini Z). iJcin - 571 Stelleri D. Don - 572 Buck-thorn 170 Buddlea L. - 670 cctpildta Jacq. 670 globijibra N. Duh. 670 Pas« globftsa L. • . 670 liullace - - 272 Bumelia Swarlx - 623 chrysophylliiides Ph . 624 lycioides Gtertn. - 623 oblongifblia Nutt. 624 reclinata lent. - 6-23 tenax li'illd. - 624 Bupleurum7'o?(rn. 495 arborescens iacq. - 495 frutescens L. - 495 frutic6sum L. - 495 gibraltaricum Lam. 495 Bjtprestis Spreng. - 495 frulicbsa Spreng. - 495 Butchers Broom - 1099 Butter-nut - - 735 Button wood - 544 Biixus L. - . 703 balearica Willd. 704 hiimilis Dod. - 704 sempervirens L. - 703 angustifoliaA/;//. 703 variegata H. 703 arborescensil///;. 703 argentea Hort. 703 aurea Hort. - 703 gigantea N. Duh. 704 marginata Hurt. 703 myrtifblia /,««;. 704 ndna N. Duh. - 704 suffrutic6saiV/«. 704 Cabbage Rose - 333 Calligonum /,. - 680 Pallasii VHerit. - 680 polygon'dides Pall. 680 Callitris V. . 1071 cupressilormis V. 1072 Fothergilli - - 1072 macrost^chya H. 1072 quadrivalvis f'cn. 1072 triquetra - - 1072 Call una Sal. - - 559 vulgaris Sal. - 559 alba - - 559 atro-rilbens - 5.59 aurea - - 5.59 coccinea - - 559 deciinibens - 559 flfire pleno - 559 fbl. variegatis - 559 purpurea - - 559 serotina - - 559 spicata - - .559 spClria - - 5-59 tomentbsa 559 Calobotrya Spach - 486 sangninea Spach - 486 Calopiiaca Fisch. - 243 wolgarica Fisch. 243 Calycanthacefe - 4£2 Calycanthus L. - 4.52 Jerox Mx. - - 4.i4 Jertilts Walt. - 454 fl6ridus L. - 453 asplenifOlius L.C. 453 ferox /,. C. - 453 glaucus L. C. - 453 inodbrus L.C. - 4.53 longifblius L C. 4,53 oblongus Dec. - 453 ovatus Dec. - 453 variegJltus L.C. 453 glaucus mild. - 454 lievigatus W. - 454 ohloiigijulius Hort. 454 peniiJiylvdnicus L.C. 4.54 prce'cox L. Sp. - 455 sterilis Walt. - 4.53 Cnlycotome Lk. - 221 villbsa Lk. - 221 Candleberry Myrtle 934 Capparidaceae - 1113 Caprifoliaceae - 512 Caprifblium G^rt. 539 alpigenum Gsert. - 539 Pare alpiniim Lam. - S39 ball dricvtn Dum.- 529 bractfdsu7n Mx. - 530 ctsrttleutii Lam. - 540 chinense Hort. Br. 534 cilibsum Doug. . 532 ciliusum Ph. - 532 diuicum R. & S. - .530 Duiig/dsii Lindl. - 530 dnmetbrum Lam. - 537 etidscum K.& S. - 528 Jiainim Ell. - 529 Jiexubsuni Hort. - 534 FraseriVh. - 528 glauciim Moench - .530 grdtum Ph. - 531 ktspidulum Lindl.- .530 implexuni R. & S. - 529 japonrcum D Don .534 japonicum H.Brit. 533 longifldrutn Sieb.- 534 ncpa/ense H. Brit. 534 occ/dcntd/e LinM. - 532 parviflbrum Pursh .530 Pcriclymenuvi Roem .527 pitbtsceiis Goldie- .529 pyrcndicum Lam.- 536 rd.vfaml.am. - 5.t5 sempervirens Mx. - 631 sylvciticum Lam. - 627 villbsntu H.B.A: K. 533 Caraganai. 237.1114 A Itagana jPo;>. - 238 Altagdnavar. Poir. 238 arborescens Lain. 237 inermis Hort. - 238 arenaria Bonn . 239 argentea Lam. - 242 Chamlagu Lam. 241 digiliita Lam. - 239 Jerox Lam. - 240 frutescens Dec. - 239 angustifCilia - 239 latitolia - - 239 m6Ui.i Dec. - 239 Gerardiana ifo^fe- 1114 grandifldra Dec. - 241 jubata Puir. - 241 microphylla D. - 238 microphylla Lam . - 238 mollis Uess. - 239 pygmae'a Dec. - 240 arenaria Fisc/t. - 240 Kedowski D. - 238 prs'cox Fisck. - 239 siblrica Ray - 237 spindsa Dec. - 240 tragacanthoides - 240 Carpinus L. - 916 Cdrpinus Matth. - 917 americana - - 918 Betulus L. - - 917 Carpinizza Hoif. 919 heterophylla - 917 ii.clsa Lod. - 917 qnercijblia Desf. 917 variegata Lod. - 917 faginea Lindl. - 919 muntdna Bl. - 915 orientalis L. - 918 O'slrya Hort. - 920 O'strya Michx. - 920 virginidna Mx. - 920 Ti>7igurrut Bl. - 91.5. viminea Lindl. - 919 virginiana Abb. - 920 virginiiinci Michx. 918 Carya Kult. - - 735 alba Niitt. - - 739 amara Kutt. - 737 ambigua - - 742 aquatica Nutt. - 737 integr/fulia Spr. - 742 microcarpa Kutt. - 742 myristicEeformis N. 741 olivaBformis Nz-tt. 736 GENERAL INDEX. Page P»se j porcina Nutt. 740 Deodara Roxb. 1059 glabra 741 Libani Barr. 10.57 pubescens Link - 742 f61iis argenteis - 1058 rigida 742 nana - . - 10.59 sulcata Nutt. 739 magna Dod. 10.57 tomentbsa Nutt. - 738 phoenicea Mat. 1083 maxima Nutt. - 739 phcenicea Ren. 10.57 Cdsia Latinbrum A .695 Celastraceae - 149 Cassandra i).Oora - 562 Celastrus L. - 1.54 angustilolia G.Don 563 bullatus Pluk. 1.54 calyculatai). Don 563 nepalensis l.odd. - 154 latifdlia Lod. 563 pyracanthif61ius L. 154 nana Si?ns 563 scandens L. - 154 ventricosa Sims 563 Celtis Tourn. 727 Cassieae 249 aspera Lodd. 729 Cassme Walt. 164 austrdlis Willd. - 729 caroUnidna Walt.- 164 australis L. - 727 Pardgua L. 519 canescens H.& B. - 1117 Perdguii Mill. Ic. 162 caucasica fr. 728 vera Walt. - 162 cordata Desf. 730 Casslope Don. 561 cordijblia L'Herit. 730 ericiiidesD. Don - 562 crassitCilia Lam. - 730 fastigiata i).i)on - 662 Isvigata /( Hid. - 730 hypnoides iJ.IJon 661 obliqua Moench 729 lycopodi6ides/).iJore 562 occidentalis L. 729 Redowski G.Don 562 cordata iVilld. 279 tetragOna D. Don 562 scabriuscula Willd. 729 Castanea T. - 45 orientalis Hort. - 7ii9 argentea Bl. 915 orientalis Mill. 728 chinensis Spreng. - 916 tenuifblia Pers. 729 Fag Its .Scop. 905 pilmila Ph. - 731 glauca Hort. 912 sinensis Pers. 729 heterophylla Hort. 912 sinensis Willd. 729 indica Rox. - 914 Tournefortii Lam. 728 inermis Lindl. 916 Willdenoviana S. 729 ydvUnicaBl. - 915 Cephalanthus L. - .544 fusceseens - 916 occidentalis L. .544 montana - 915 brachypodus D. 545 lacinidta Hort. 912 oppositifblius M. - 544 martabanica Wall. 915 Cerasus Juss. 276. 1114 piimila IVilld. 914 acuminata Wall. - 293 RoxburghiiiradA 915 aspera 287 salicifulia Hort. - 912 dvium Moench 277 sativa Mill. 916 boreal is Mx. 283 sphaerocarpa Lin. 915 Chamaecerasus L. 282 tribuloides Lindl. 915 chicasa Mx. - 285 vesca Michx. 912 canadensis Lois. - 294 yeiotGtBrt. . 912 CapoUin Dec. 292 americana 912 capricida G. Don - 293 asplenifdlia Lod. 912 capronidna Dec. - 278 cochleata Lod. - 912 caroliniana Mx. - 296 fbliisaHreislaoi. 912 depressa 1 h. 284 fbliis liicidis 912 duracina Dec. 278 glauca Hort. 912 elliptica Lois. 294 glabra Lod. 912 glanduldsa - 287 variegata Hort. - 912 glaUca Moench 284 vul^dris Lam. Catalpa Jww. 916 nixa W. et B. 294 662 hortensis Pers. 278 bignonibides. Walt. 662 hdmllis Mor. 287 cordifblia Nutt. 662 hyemalis Mx. 285 syritigtefblia Sims. 662 incisa Lois. - 287 Ceandthus L. 180. 1113 intermedia Poir. - 282 americanus L. 180 jap6nica Lois. 286 herbaceus T. ^G 180 multiplex Ser. - 286 intermedius 180. 1113 Juliana Dec. 277 Pitcheri T. ^ G. 180 heaumianaD. - 278 aziireus Dexf. 180 Laurocerasus L. - 295 intermedius 181 angustif61ia H. - 295 bicolor Willd. 180 c6lchica 1114 cirf/. 4.54 fragrans Lindl. - 4.55 grandiflbrusim. 455 ICiteus Hort. - 4.55 parviflbrus Hort. 455 China rose - - 341 Chincapin - - 914 Chionanthus L. - 634 virginlca L. - - 634 angustifblia Ait. 624 latifblia Cat. Car. 634 maritima Pursh 634 montd?ia Pursh 634 tri/ida Moench - 634 Christ's thorn - 168 Chrysobotrya Spach 4*^8 intermedia Spach 488 Lindleydna Spach 488 revoliita Spach - 487 Chrysuphyllum Jacq. 624 carolmeiise Jacq. - 624 gldbrian Juss. - 624 Cinerdria L. Sp. - 551 maritima L. Sp. - 551 Cissus L. - - 141 Ampelopsis Pers. - 140 hederdcea Ph. - 139 hirsiiia Ph. - 140 1146 GENERAL INDEX. Page orientalis Tahii. - 141 quinqiti'J'blia H. P. 140 stdns Pers. - - 140 CistaceEE - - 54 C'lStiis L. - - 54 albidus Hort. - 55 iipcim/nus L. - 5'J corbariensis Pair. 55 creticus - - " 57 creticus Hort. Kew. 55 crispus - - - 57 Cupanianus - - 57 cyi)ibs)ts Dec. - 55 cyprius Lam. - 57 (•randijibrus Scop. 59 Helianthemum L. - 58 heterophyllus - 57 hirsCltus - - 57 hispidus (3 Lam. - 59 hybridiis Pourr. - 55 incanus //. - - 55 larianijcrus B. M. 57 ladanit'erus L. - 57 albifldrus Dec. - 57 maculatus Dec. - 57 plenifiilius Ait. - .57 laurif61ius L. - 56 laxus - - - 57 longiffilins - - 57 oblongif61ius - 57 populilijlius L. - 56 mhior - - - 55 psilosepalus - - 57 purpiireus Lam. - 55 salirifolius - - 57 salvia.'f6lius - - 57 salviipjolius l3T)ec. 55 scabrosus Ait. - 61 serpyllifblius L. - 59 stenuphyllus Lk. - 57 surrejaiius L. - 58 undiilatus - - 57 viU6sus - - 57 Claret Grape - - 137 Clematideae - 2.1111 Clematis L. - 2. 1111 altera Matth. - 5 aneimmiji. D. Don 15 aztir. grandifl. Sieb. 1 1 baledrica Pers. - 14 baUdrica Rich. - 14 bicolor Hort. - 10 Buclianiana - - 15 ccErillea Bauh. - 16 ceerulea I.indl. - 11 ccespi/bsa Scop. - 4 calitornica G. M. - 1111 calycina Ait. - 14 campanifldra Brot. 12 parvili6ra Fis. - 12 caf/ipini/Jlbra Hort. 12 canadensis Mil. D. 6 chiiieiisis Rctz. - 5 cirrttbsa .Sims - 14 cirrli6sa /,. - - 13 angustifftlia - 14 pedicellita Dec. 14 cordiitu Smis - 7 curd/folia Mcpnch - 6 cylindrica Sims - 8 cnspa Lam. - - 8 crispa L. - - 8 daphnuides Dodon. 657 divaricata .Tacq. - 8 Bfummondii T.^G. 15 Fldmmula Hert. - 4 Flam mu la X. - 3 C£espit6sa Dec. - 4 maritima Dt-c. - 3 paiiiculata - - 4 rotun(iil'6lia Dt-r. 3 rubella Dec. - 3 Jliiva Moench - 4 /c»^ crispo Dil. E. 13 florida Tliun. - 10 fldre pleno Hort. 10 Page fl. pi. violaceo - 10 Siebdldii D. Don 10 frdgrans Ten. - 3 glauca Willd. - 4 grandiflbra Hort. - 1 1 grata Wall. - 7 Hendersdnii Chan. 9 holosericea Pursh 15 lasiantha A'm<< - IS ligustricif61ia Nutt. 15 lincariloba Z)fc. - 15 maritima All. Ped. 3 montana Ham. - 15 nepalensis Hort. - 7 ocliroleilca Hort. - 4 odordta Hort. - 7 orientalis L. - 4 payiiculdttt Thun. - 3, 4 parviflbra Dec. - 12 parvillora 'Nutt. - 15 pedicelldta Swt. - 14 Pitcheri 7'. ..^ G. - 15 polymorpha Hort. 14 pubescens - - 15 pulchella Pers. - 12 reticulata Halt. - 9 rbsea Abbott - 9 sibirica Mill. Diet. 17 Sieboldii Va\t. - 10 Simsii Hook.. - 9 Si msii Swt. n.B. 7 sinensis Lour. Coc. 5 suaveolens Sal. P. 3 tenuifbl.lusitdn.T. 12 tenia Cora. - - 5 triierndta Hort. - 6 triterndta Hort. - 7 itrens Gerard - 3 verticilldris Dec. - 17 I'iorna Bot. Rep. 8 Viorna L. - - 1 cordata - - 7 viornb/des Schrad. 12 virginiana /,. - 6 bracteata Dec. - 6 Vitalbai. - - 5 ViticellaZ. - - 11 baccata Dec. - 1 2 caerCllea - - 12 multiplex G.Don 12 purpurea - 12 tenuiiolia Dec. - 12 vitiffilia - - 15 Clethrai. - - .581 acuminata Mx. - 582 alnifolia L. - 582 denttdata Ait. - 582 pubescens Alt. - 582 incdna Pers. - 582 montima Bartr. - 582 paniculata Ail. - -582 scabra Pers. - 5«3 tomentbsa L. - 582 Cluster Pine - 261 Clymenon L'Obel - 78 Italbrimih" Ohe\ - 78 Cnebrum Matth. - 691 Cocculus Bank. - 40 carolinus Dec. - 40 CocLspur Thorn ' - 358 CoUetia Com. - 178 E'phedra lent. - 179 /f)wGill.& Hook. 179 liorrida Lindl. - 179 spinosa - - 179 ulicina - - 179 Colutea R Br. - 244 dptera Schmidt - 244 arborescens L. - 244 cruenta Ait. - 244 haleppica Lam. - 245 liirsuta Roth - 244 hitmilis Scop. - 2!5 istria Mill. Diet. - 245 media IViltd. - 245 nepalensis Hook. - 245 Page orientdlis Lam. - 244 Poc6ckii Ait. - 2^.0 proc&mbens L'H. 245 sanguinea Pall. - 244 uiolgdrica Lam. - 243 Colymbea Salisb. - 1062 quadrifdria Sal. - 1062 Comarum L. - 320 palustre L. - - 320 CompoiitEe - . .545 Comptonia Sol. - 936 asplenifblia Solan. 936 Conil'erEe - - 946 Corchorus Thunb. 298 japonicus Tliunb. 298 Corema DoM - 1092 albaDore - - 1092 Coreosma Spach - 484 viscosissima Spach 484 Coriaceae - - l46 Coriaria A^iis. - 146 myrtifdlia i. - 146 nepalensis IVall. - 146 sarment6sa Foist. 146 Cork Tree - - 884 Cornaces - .501. 1116 Cornelian Cherry - 505 Cornel Tree - - 505 Cornish Elm - - 716 Cornus L. - 501. 1116 dlba Walt. - - 504 alba L. ' - - 503 circinataHon - 503 sibirica L. C. - 503 allerna Marsh. - 501 alternifc)lia L. - 501 Ambmum Du Roi 504 asperifblia L. C. - 604 cceriilca Lam. - 504 CiEritlea Meerb. - 503 canadensis Hort. - 603 candidissima Mill. 504 capildta Wall. - 508 circinata L'Her. - 605 circindta Cham. - 503 cilrijblia Hort. - 504 cyanucdr pus Gm. - 503 cyanocdi pus Moen. .504 d'dilrica Laxm. - .621 fce'mtna M. Diet. 504 Jce'mina Ray - 502 fastigidta Mx. - 5ti3 ferrtiginea Hort. 504 tioridai. - - 517 graiidis Schlecht. - 507 grandis Beuth. - 1116 lanuginosa Mx. - 504 macrophylla Wall. 1116 mas L. - - 605 fructu cers col))ris506 variegatus - - 506 oblonga Wall. - 506 ohlon<^ifblia Rafin. 504 officinalis - - 507 panictiluta Ham. - 506 paniculata U Her. .504 albida Ehrh. - 504 radiata Ph. - .604 raceiiibsa Lam. - 504 rubiginbsa Ehrh. 604 rugdsii Lam. - 505 sanguinea Ph. - 602 sanguinea Walt. - 503 sanguinea L, - 502 loliis variegatis - 502 Pursliii Dojj'i- .1/. 502 scmperti/rens L.C. 504 sericea L'Her. - 604 oblongil'61ia Dec. 504 strictai. - - 503 asperif61ia - 604 sempervirens - 504 stoloni/era Mx. - 603 tatdrica Mill. Ic. - 503 tomcntbsa Mx. - 505 virginidna H.Par. 505 Pace CoroniUa N. - - 246 E'merus L. - . 247 juncea L. - - 248 pauciflbra Lara. - 247 Corstorphine Plane 8(5 Corylaceae - 846.1117 Corylus L. - - 921 americana Michx.- 925 humilis Wang. . 925 arbbrea Hort. - 922 Avellana L. - - 921 barcelonensis - 923 crl&pa. Enc. of PI. 923 heterophylla - 923 pumila - - 922 purpiirea - - 922 sylvestris Ait. - 922 tenuis Lod. - 923 tubuldsa - - 922 alba - - 923 byzimtina Herro. - 923 Coliirna L. - - 923 Intermedia - 923 arborescens - 923 corniela Hort. - 925 inler?nedia Lod. - 923 rostrata Ait. - 925 sylvestris Gron. - 925 Cotoneaster Med. - 406 acuminata Lindl. - 409 afilnis Lindl. - 408 bacillaris Wall. - 1115 buxiftlia fFii//. - 411 marginata- - 411 denticulata - - 407 eliiptica Hort. - 409 frigida Wall. . 408 A?/?«a«a Lod. Coll. 407 Ue'vis Lodd. Coll. 409 laxiti6ra Jutj. - 407 unitldra Fischer- 407 ■margiiidtalAndl.- 411 melanocdrpa Fisc. 406 microphylla JFf/W. 411 L"va-ursi V,\i\A\. 410 nummularia I.indl. 409 rotundifoliaM'a/^ 410 toment6sa2,i«(//. - 406 V'va-(irsi}Aa'e\. - 410 vulgaris l.ind. - 406 depressa Fries - 406 erythroearpa Led 406 mehmocarpa - 406 Cowania D. Don - 321 plicata D. Dun - 321 Crabowskia Schl. - 669 boerhaaviEefblia S. 669 Crab - - . 9-25 Crack Willow - 759 Cranberry - - 616 Crataegus izVirf. 3.53 1115 acerijiilia Hort. - 354 KStivalis T.if G. - 1115 cEsiirdlis Walt. - 353 altdica Lodd. Cat.- 363 apiifblia L. Cat. - 366 apiifolia Mx. - 366 major L. Cat. - 366 minor - - 366 arborescens r. 4" G. 1115 arbutiJblial^.CM. 366 arbutifolia Ait. - 404 >JV/« tifl). a.L.Sp. 432 A^ria §, L. Sp. - 434 Aronia Bosc - 370 axilldris L. Cat. - 383 Azarblus L. - 368 A. ji Willd. Sp. - 370 berberif61ia T.iJ-G. 1115 betutijblia L. Cat.- 383 Chama-mcspilus J. 449 carolinidna L.C- 361 carolinidnaVuir.- 3(54 carpdtica L. Cat. - 362 coccinep. Booth - 353 corallina - ■ 3J4 GENERAL INDEX. 1147 P.iRe m&xima L. Ca<.- 354 mollis T. S(G. - 1115 neapolitana/for. 3S4 oligandra T.^-G.\\15 populir61ia7'.,^G. 1115 spvidsa Godefr. - 354 viridis T. Sf G. - 1115 corallina L. Cat. - 354 cordata Mill. - 367 coniifbiia Booth - 356 crcmdata Hort. - 385 Crvs-ndlli Du Koi 355 Crus-galli L. . 358 linearis Dec. - 360 nana Dec. - 360 ovalifblia B. R. 360 pyracantliifolia D. 359 saliciftlia Dec. - 360 splendens Dec. - 359 cuneiblm L.Cat. - 358 dcntata Thuil. - 434 Douglasii Lindl. - 364 dulcis Ronalds - 556 edul'S Ronalds - 356 ed!ilis Lodd. Cat. - 356 e Hi pi tea L. Cat. - 360 erwcdri'a L. Cat. - 379 fissa Lee - - 378 f/ssa Lodd. Cat. - 370 fiabelldta Hort. - 354 flava AH. - - 364 fldva Hort. - 379 Jlavissima Hort. - 364 Jionria Godef'niy - 367 Jiorida Lodd. Cat. 383 georgica Dong. - 3-54 glabra Thunb. - 404 glandulhsa .^Ix. - 364 inner antha\,mA\. 357 glandulftsa W. - 3.54 suhviliosa - 354 succulenta Fis. - 3.54 glaaca Wall. C. - 403 grte^ca Hort. - 433 lieterophylla F. - 374 incisa Lee - - 372 mde7>td la hod. C. 354 lacinidta Lod. C. - 3S0 iMmhertidna Hort. 384 laUJblia Poir. - 434 lalifhlia Pers. - 3-56 latifblia Ronalds - 356 leucophlos^ OS Mcen. 356 linearis Lod. Cat. 360 linearis Lod. Cat. 383 lobata Base - - 365 Innnifolia N. Du H. 433 lucida \\'aiig. - 358 liitea Poir - - :^65 luthcens Booth - 381 macracantha Lud. 3.57 minor - - 358 maroccana Pcrs. - 369 maHra L. fil. - 369 mexicana Moc. - 384 7nicrocarpa Lindl. 3b7 neapolildna Hort. 374 nigra W. et K. - 362 fusca Jacq. - 362 odiiratissi?na B.H. 371 Olivcria Lod. C. - 378 Oliveriann Bosc - 378 op«c« Hook. -'1115 orientalis Bosc - 371 sanguinea - - 371 orieiilalis Lindl. - 371 orientalis Lod. C. 378 ovahrdlia Horn. - 360 Oxijacdniha Fl. D. 379 Oiyaeanlha Walt. 366 Oxyacantha h. - 375 apetala Lod. Cat. \ 377 aurantiaca Booth 379 aiirea Hort. - 379 capitata S?«. Ayr 377 Celsiana Hort. - 377 eriocarpa Lindl. 379 Page flexuosa Sm. Ayr '.Ml fibre plena Hort. 377 loliis avgenteis - 381 fbliis aureis - 381 friictu coccineo 1115 laciniata - - 380 leucocarpa - 379 lacida - - 381 melanocarpa - 378 monogyna - - 377 multiplex Hort. 377 obtusata Dec. - 379 Oliveriana - 378 oxyphylla - - 1115 oxyphylla Monc. 381 pendula Lod. C. 376 plnlyphylla Lod. 378 prae'iox Hort. - 377 pteridifolia - 381 punicea Lod. C. 377 fl. pleno - 377 quercifolia B. - 380 reginae Hort. - 376 rigida Ronalds - 375 rosea Hort. - 377 superba H. - 377 sibirica - - 377 stricta Lod. Cat. 375 transylvanica B. 377 monogyna Jacq. - 377 monogyna L. - 377 oxyacanthbides, Th, 379 parvifblia Ait. - 383 florida - - 383 grossularisefblia 383 pectindta - - 354 pentdgynaflhva G. 356 plaiyphylla Lindl. 378 populifblia Walt. - 367 prunifblia Bosc - 361 pteridifolia Lod. C. 381 punctata Ait. - 355 aurea Pursk - 356 brevispinaDu!/"'. 3-56 fldva Hort. - 356 rClbra Pursh - 3-56 stricta H. - 356 siricta Ronalds - 3-56 purpurea Bosc - 363 altaica - - 363 Pyracantha Pers. - 385 crenulata Hort. 385 fr. alb. H. - - 1115 pyracanthifb. L. C. 3.59 pyrifblia Ait. - - 356 pyrifblia Lam. - 446 pyrifblia Torrey - 357 pyrij'6r?)iis - - 354 racenibsa Lam. - 412 radidia Lod. Cat. 356 rivularis 7". If G. - 1115 rotundijbliii Booth 354 rotundijblia Lam. 412 salicifblia - - 360 sa?igvrnea Schrad. 371 sanguinea Pall. - 3.54 sangninea Hort. - 3i 3 scnndica Wahl. - 434 serrdtn Poir. - 446 S/iicbla Ham. - 405 sibirica Lod. Cat. 377 spalhiildta Jlx. - 384 spathulatai7/io< - 367 georgica - - 368 splendens Lod. Cat. 3-59 spicdta Lam. - 413 spina longissima L, 357 spinosissima Lee 366 stipuldcea Lod. C. 384 subinllbsa'F\ic\i. - 3-55 suecica Ait. - - 434 tanacetifolia Pers. 372 Celsiana - - 372 glabra Lod. Cat. 372 Leedna .A. B. - 372 tanacetifd.tatir.'D. .371 tomentbsa Lin . Sp. 383 Page tomentbsa Du Roi 356 tormindlis L. Sp. - 436 trilobata L. - - 366 trilobdta Lab. - 437 ? turbindta Pursh 364 turbindia Pursh - 383 uniflbra Du Roi - 383 virginidna Hort. - 384 virginica Lodd. - 384 viridis Lodd. Cat. 383 viridii Hort. - - 384 Cress Rocket - - 54 Crowberry - - 1091 Cruciaces - - 53 Cucumber Tree - 29 Cunninghaniia Br. 1065 lauceoldta R. Br. 1065 sinensis Rich. - 1065 Cupressinse - - 1068 Cupressus L. - - 1073 australis Pers. - 1076 americdna Catesb. 1078 baccilormis iVilld. 1076 Coulterii Pin. Wob. 1076 dislicha Lin. - 1078 expdnsa Hort. - 1073 fastigidla Hort. - 1073 fastigiata//. ICo*. - 1076 glaUca Brot. - 1075 horizontalis Atidi. 1076 horizontdlisT^. D. 1073 lusitanica Tovrn. 1075 nepalensis Hort. - 1084 pendula Thunb. - 1076 pendula L' Herit - 1075 pendula Thunb. - 1075 pyramiddlis Hort. 1073 sabinbides H. B. - 1076 sempervirens L. - 1073 stricta Mtll. - 1073 horizontahs JW/. 1073 thurifera H. B. - 1076 Tournelortii And. 1076 thy'dides Pav. - lf7(i thybides L. - - 1076 ftliis variegatis - 1075 nana Hort. - 1075 torulbsa Xo?n6. - 1076 virginidna Com. - 1078 Cupuliferse - - 849 Currants - - 477 Custard apple - 38 Cydbnia Tourn. - 450 japonica Pers. - 452 fibre albo - - 452 fl. semi-pleno - 4."'2 sinensis Tliouin - 451 vulgaris Pers. - 4.50 lusitanica Du H. 451 malilormis Hort. 450 pyrilormis Hort. 450 Cypress - - 1073 Cytisus Dec. - - 213 AddmiVoKr.- - 216 aeolicus Guss. - 226 albus Lk. - - 213 incarnatus- - 214 alplnus Lam. - 214 alpinus Mill. - 215 fragrans Hort. - 217 pendulus - - 216 purpurascens H. 216 anagyrius L'H. - 227 ariguslifbliiis'fiifEn. 215 argenteus L. - 225 austriacus L. - 223 nbva Lod. - - 223 ajistriacvs Lod. - 223 calycinus Bieb. - 225 calyc/ntis Lod. - 224 candicans L. Sp. - 204 cavescens Fisch. - 224 capitatus Jacq. - 224 ciliatus Wahlenb. - 224 complicdtus Br. - 227 complicdtus Dec. - 228 decHmbens Lod. - 223 PatiP divaricdtus L'H. - 'j-'is elongatus ;r. JJ- A'. 222 elongdlus Hort. - 222 mulliflbrus Dec. - 222 falcatus IV. S( K. - 223 grandiflbrus Dec. 219 hirsutus L. - - 224 hirsutus Lod. - 224 hirsutus Lam. - 224 hispdniciis I,am. - 227 Laburnum L. - 214 cocrinenm B. C. 216 fbliis variegatis - 215 fragrans Hort. - 215 incisum - - 215 Vdijblium Pers. 215 pendulum Hort. 215 purpureum 11. - 215 quercifbliura if. 211 lanigerus Dec. - 221 rigidus Dec. - 226 leucanthus - - 121 loib'.des Pour. - 223 multiflbrus LindL 222 nanus H i,ld. - 225 nigricans L. - 218 nigricans Pall. - 243 orientalis Lois. - 2i6 parvijblius Lod. - 224 piirviliblius'^.V).- 2'-8 patens L. - - 219 paiiciflbrus Willd. 225 pendiilinus L. f. - 219 pirnidtiis Pall. - 243 polytrichus Bieb.- 224 pnbescens Miench 204 purpClreus Scop. - 222 flbre albo Hort. - 222 fibre rbseo - 222 racembsus Mam. 226 rulheiiicus Lod. - 223 scoparius Lk. - 219 albus Hort. - 220 flbre pleno Hort. 220 sessililblius L. - 218 spinbsus Lam. - 220 supinus J. - . 692 palustris L. - - 692 Dogwood - - 501 JOomlieya'La.m. - 1062 chilensis Lam. - 1062 Doirnton Elm - 723 t) .ufArgyle's Tea Tree 666 Dulcamara Mcench 664 Jlexuusu Moench - 664 b&lcis Trag. - - 664 amara Trag. - 664 Dulch Elm - - 718 Duvaua A7A. - 192. 1113 dentata Dec. - 193 dependens Dec. - 192 dependens a Hook. 192 dependens y Hook. 193 latifblia Gill. - 193 longifolia Hurt. - 1113 ovata Lindl. - - 193 sinuata Lindl. - 193 Dwarf Almond - 286 Dyer's Weed - - 210 EbenaceK - - 624 E'benus Comm. - 625 Eglanteria Dec. - 3.i8 bicolor Dec. - - 338 punicea Red. - 338 Eglantine - - 337 Ehritia L'Herit. - 689 halimifblia L'Herit. 6h9 Elaeagnaceffi - 695.1115 Eladgnus Card. - 934 Ela^agnus T. - 695. 1117 angustifMa L. - 696 argentea Ph. - 697 argentea Wats. - 696 arginteus Moench 696 conferta Hort. - 697 hortensis Bieb. - 696 angustifulia Bieb. 697 dactylilormis - 697 orientalis - - 697 . ^ Page spmbsa - - 627 incrmis Mill. - 696 oricntdlts Delisle 696 orientalis L. - 697 parvifolia /(o^/c - 1117 salicifolia D. Don 697 songdricaYhch. - 696 spinosa L. - - 697 Elteodhidron Retz. 622 A'rgan Retz. - 622 Elder - - - 513 Eledgnum Lob. - 673 Theuphrasti Lob. 673 Elm - - - 715 E'mcrus Mill. Ic. - 247 major Mill. Ic. - 247 minor Mill. Ic. - 247 Empetracese - - 1090 E'mpetrum L. - 1091 album Lin. - - 1092 Conradii Torrey - 1092 lusitdnicum"So\i\v\. 1092 nigrum L. - - 1091 scoticum Hook. - 1091 riibrumi. - - 1091 Endogenffi - - 1093 E'phedraX. - - 937 distachya L. - - 937 maritima major Tou, 937 monostachya L. - 938 pulygpnbides Pall. 938 vulgaris Rich. - 937 Epigae'a L. - - 580 repens L. - - 580 rubicunda Swt. - 581 Ericaceae - 552.1116 EriceEe - - - .5.52 Erica D. Don - 555 australis L. - - 5.56 barbdrica Ray - 555 belulijormis Sal. - 555 brydnthaThUinh. - 571 CiErillea Willd. - 571 carnea L. Sp. - 558 ciliaris L. - - 557 cinerea L. - - 556 alba Lodd. Cat. - 556 atropurpClreaL.C. 556 canescens Lo.C. 556 pallida Lo. C. - 556 prolilera Lo. C. - 556 rubra H.E.W. - 556 stricta Lo. C. - 556 cocc^f. procHmb. - 1091 Daboe'cia L. - - 572 didyma Stokes - 557 erictisliimXx. - 1092 herbacea L. Dis. - 558 hibernica, S;c. Ray 572 hilmilis Neck. - 556 juniperiJblia,SfC. G. 558 lilgubris Sal. - 558 Mackaidna Bab. - 556 ■mediterrdnea - 225. 558 mutabilis Sal. - 656 multijibra Huds. - 557 mulliflhra L. Sp. - 558 longipcdicclldta - 558 pcdunculdris Presl 558 pislilldris Sal. - 566 pUmila Park. - 555 purpurascens Lam. 557 saxdtilis Sal. - 568 trnuifblia Ger. 252. 566 Tetralix L. - - 555 lL\ha H.E.W. - 556 cHrnesi Loud. H.B. 566 Mackaiana - 566 rilhTSi H.E.W. - 556 vdga Sal. - - 557 vdgans L. Mant. 2.54. 557 vulgdris L. - - 569 EriobStrya Lindl. - 409 elliptica Lindl. - 409 Escalloniaceae - 489 Escall6nia Mx. - 490 Page bifida Lk. et O. - 491 JhribandnU.B. et K. 491 montevidinsis Sc. 491 glandulbsa Bot. C. 491 illinita Presl - 491 montevidensis Dec. 491 floribunda - 491 pulverulenta Pers. 491 resinbsa Pers. 216. 491 rClbra Pers. - - 490 albiflbraH.rf.^. 491 glabriusculaH.^-^i. 490 pubescens H.SfA. 491 Eubasis Sal. - 511 dichotmnus Sal. - 511 Euonymoides >/. - 154 Euonymus Tourn.'ji'6. 149 alternij blius M. - 162 americanus L. - 152 angustif61ius - 152 obovatus Nutt. 152 sarmentbsus N. 1.52 »«)•. /3 Tor. & G. 152 var. y Tor. & G. 152 far. 5 Tor. &G. 152 angustiJbliusVv.xf,\i 152 atropurphreus W. 1.53 atropurpureus J. - 151 carotingrtsis Marsh. 151 caucasicus Lodd. 151 echinatus U all. . 153 europae'us /,. - 149 f61. variegatis i.e. 150 fructu aJbo L.C. 150 latifblius LocW.C. 150 leprbsus L. - 150 nanus Lodd. Cat. 150 var. 2. L. - - 150 fimbriatus Wall. 153 frigidus Wall. - 153 garciniaefblius 72. 153 g\a.\>er Roxb. - 153 grossus Hall. - 153 Hamiltonianus W. 153 indicus Hayne - 163 japunicus Tliunb. 163 toliis variegatis 153 latifblius C. Bauh. 150 latif blius Marsh. - 150 \\XciA\is, D.Don • 153 micranthus D.Don 153 nanus Bieb. - - 151 obovatus Dec. - 152 pendulus Wall. - 153 sempervirens M. . 152 subtriflbrus Biume 153 tingens Wall. - 153 Thunbergianus B. 153 vagans Wall. - 153 verrucosus Sco/)./- 150 vulgdris Mill. Diet. 149 Eu6i>?mis Nutt. - 685 testivdlis Nutt. - 683 Benzoin Nutt. - 685 Diospyrus Nutt. 685 geniculdta Nutt. 685 Euphorbiaceae • 701 Evergreen Oaks - 880 Evergreen Thorn - 385 Eysenhardtia H. . 2.32 amorphoides H. - 232 Fabiana iJ. J^ />. - 1117 imbricata R.SfP. - 1117 Fagdra Lam. 111. - 143 frcixinifblia Lam. 143 Fdgus Bauh. - 917. 1118 Fagusi. - 905.1118 americdna latijbl. 909 antarctica Furst. - 910 betulbides Mirb. - 910 carolinidna Lod. - 609 Casldnea Lin. - 916 Dombeyi Mirb. - 911 A\Xh\;\Mirb. - - 911 ferrug'inea Ait. - 909 caroliniana - 909 Page latifcflia - - 909 latifblia - . 909 obliqua Mirb. - 910 pilmila Lin. - - 914 sylvatica L. - 905. 1119 araericana - - 907 asplenijblia 'LoA. 906 atroriihens Du R. 905 cochleata.B. - 1118 crispa Hort. - 906 cristata - - -906 ctiprea Lod. - 905 f dliis variegatis - 905 heterophylla - 906 incisa Hort. - 906 lacinidta Lod. - 906 pendula Lod. - 906 purpurea Ait. - 905 salicifblia Hort. 906 sylvistris Mich. 905.907 False Acacia - - 233 Ficus Tourn. - 712 CaricaZ,. - - 712 commilnis Bauh. - 712 hilmilis Tourn. - 712 sylvistris Tourn. - 712 Fig Tree - - 712 Filbert - - - 922 Fischera Swartz - 602 Five-leaved Ivy - 139 Flowering Ash - 651 Fly Honeysuckle - 533 Fontanesia Lab. - 638 phillyreoides Lab. 639 Forsythia Walt. - 467 scdndens Walt. - 467 Fothergilla L. • 500 alnifblia L. - 500 acuta Sims . 500 major Sims - 500 obtus^ta Si}ns - 600 alnifblia L. f. Supp. 600 Gdrdcni .lacq. - 500 Gdrdeni Mx. - 800 Fox Grape - - 137 f>a?iA7m/a Marsh. - 73 americdna Marsh. 73 Frdseri Nutt. - 31 pyrumiddta Nutt. 31 Fraxinus Tour. - 639 acumindta Lam. - 646 iilba Bosc - 650 aleppensis Pluk. - 645 americaua Willd. - 646 latifblia - - 646 angustifblia B. - 643 apetala Lam. - 639 argentea Luis. - 644 atrov'irens Desf. - 641 adrea Pers. - 640 Boscii G. Don - 650 botryb'ides Mor. - 651 canadensis Gaertn. 6.50 caroliniana - 649 carolinidna Cates. 650 carolinidna Mill. - 649 carolinidna Wang. 649 chinensis Bosc - 650 cinerea Bosc - 650 concolor Muhl. - 648 crispa Bosc - 639 crispa Bosc - 641 criipa Hort. - 617 discolor - - 646 diversifblia Hort. - 642 elliptica Bosc - 650 epiptera Vahl - 6.50 erdsa Pers. - - 639 excelsior Walt. - 649 excelsior L. - - 639 argentea Desf. - 641 aurea Willd. En. 640 aurea pendula - 640 crispa - - 641 erbsa Pers. - 641 fungbsa Lodd. Cat. 641 Page heterophylla Dec. 642 horizontalis DesJ. 641 jaspidea WiUd - 641 lutea - - 641 nana - - 641 pendula Ait. - 640 purpurascens D. 641 verruc&sa Des/. - 641 pendula - - 641 verticillata X. C. 641 villbsa n6va Hes. 641 var. £ Lam. - 642 expaiisa Willd. - 6.'i0 Jiorihujida D. Don 6.53 flortfera Scop. - 6')1 JUsca Bosc - - 6-W heterophylla- - 642 variegata - - 643 integrifdlia Hort. - 642 juglaiidiffilia - 648 sulrintegerrima - 649 subseryala Willd. 649 Icevigata Hort. - 743 lihicea Bosc - - 6.d0 lanceulata Borkh. - 649 lentiscil'61ia Desf. 64,') pendula - - 645 longifblia Bosc - 6-50 vianniffra Hort. - 652 viiTta Bosc - - 6.50 monophylla Desf. - 642 nigra Bosc - - 6.50 nigra Du Roi - 646 nigra Mcench - 647 HdviE-A'ngliiB Mill. 649 O'rnus Pall. - - 644 O'ritus Scop. - 639 O'rnus I. in. - - 651 O'rnus Mill. - - 651 amcricdna Lodd. 653 ovata Bosc - - 6.50 oxycarpa IV. - 644 OTi/phylia Bieb. - 644 pallida Bosc - - 645 pariiculdla Mill. - 651 pannbsa Vent.et B. 6-50 parvifblia Willd. - 643 partiifblia Lam. - 645 pennsi/lvanica Mars. 647 platycarpa V. - 650 polemonifblia Poir. 6.50 pubt'scpns IV. - 646 latif61ia IVilld. - 647 longifolla IVilld. 647 subpubescens Per. 647 pulverutinta Bosc 650 purpurea Hort. - 641 quadrnnguliris Lod. 648 quadrangulata Mx. 648 nervosa Lodd. Cat. 648 Richdrdi Bosc - 650 rostrdta Guss. - 639 rotundifblia Ait. - 652 rubicHnda Bosc - 650 riifa Bosc - - 6.50 salicifdlia Hort. - 643 sambucifblia - 647 crispa Lodd. Cat. 647 Schiededna Sch. - 651 serratifblia Mich. 649 simplicifblia Hort. 642 simplicifblia Willd. 642 striata Busc - - 6.53 subvillbsa Bosc - 647 lamariscifblia Vahl 645 tetragbna Cels. - 648 tomentdsa Mich. - 646 triptera Nutl. - 650 viridis Bosc - - 650 viridis Mich. - 648 vulgdtior Segn. - 651 French Berries - 173 Fringe Tree - - 634 Fulham Oak - - 859 Furze - - - 199 Gale Ray - - 934 Garryaceae - - 926 GENERAL INDEX. 1 14') 1 Page rage Paw Girrya Dougt. 926 racemosa Mcench - 21 1 rubescens Bree - 5.57 elliptica Dougl. 926 Genistbides Mcench 210 tenella 557 lauri folia Harttv. - 926 eldta Mcench - 210 Hackberry 730 Lindleyi 926 tuberculdta Moench 212 Halesiacese 620 raacrophylla - 926 Ginkgo Lin. - - 945 Halesia£«iS - 620 obloiiga 926 b'tloba Lin. - - 945 diptera L. - 621 ovata - - - 926 Ginkgo Tree - - 945 parviflbra Mx. 621 Gaultheria L. 679 Glastonbury Thorn 377 tetraptera L. 620 procumbens L. 579 Gleditschia L. - 249 Halimodendron Fisch. 242 serpyllifblia Ph. - 581 aquatica Lodd. - 2.54 argenteum Dec. - 242 Shallon Pursh .580 sqiidlica Marsh - 251 brachysema Dec. 242 Geiin . - - 277 Bbqui Hort. Soc. G. 2.54 Sieversii - 243 Gelsemium Barrel. 661 braehycdrpa Pursh 250 vulgare Dec. 242 Clematis Barrel. - 661 carolnttnsis Lam. 251 subvirescens Dec . 243 Genista Lam. 203. 1114 caspidna Bosc - 254 Sieversii Fisch. - 243 ictnensis Dec. 209 caspica Desf. - 254 subvirescens 243 alba Lara. 213 subvirescens Hort. 2.54 Hdlimus Clus. 676 amsdntica Ten. - 219 chinensis - - 252 secundus Clus. 676 anglica L. - - 207 ferox Desf. - - 254 vulgaris Ger. 676 anxantica Ten. 209 ferox Baudr. - - 254 Halodendron Dec. - 242 scaridsa 210 ferox . - - 254 Hamamelidaceas - 499 aphylla Dec. - 208 horrida W'illd. Sp. 252 Hamamelis L. 499 candicansL. - 203 nidjor Lodd. Cat. 252 macrophylla Ph. - 499 decHmbens Dur. - 212 ndna Hort. Soc. 2.52 monoica L. . 500 diffasa IVilld. 212 purpiirea Lodd. 252 virginica L. . 500 ephedroldes Dec. - 205 japonica Lodd. Cat. 252 macrophylla 499 erindcea Gilib. B. I .206 javdnica Lam. - 252 parvifblia Nutt. - 499 germanica L. 207 Uc^vis Hort. - - 250 Hamelia Puer. 544 inermis Dec. 208 macracantha - - 254 conndta Puer. 644 Hdlleri Reyn. 212 meliloba Walt. - 2.50 Hare's Ear 495 herbdcea Lam. 211 micracantha H.S.G. 254 Hawthorn 375 hirsitla Mcench 219 raonosperma- - 251 Hazel - 921 hispanica L. - 207 monosperma . - 254 orientalis Lodd. - 254 Heath - 655 hispdnica Jacq. ic. 206 Heather - - - 559 horrida Dec. - 206 orientdlis Bosc - 254 \iei\erA Swartz 497. 1116 humifilsa Wulf. - 212 prae'cox Hort. Soc. 2.54 canariensis Willd. 498 ilvensis Dalech. - 205 sinensis Lam. - 252 ckrysocarpos Dalech.498 itiilica Lodd. Cat. - 210 inermis A'. Du. H. 252 Dionysias J. Bauh. 498 jUncea Lam. - 202 major Hort. - 262 Helix Wall. - 498 lusitanica L. - 205 nana Hort. - 252 Helix /,.- 497 monosperma //. - 208 purpurea Hort. 2.52 arborescens Lod. C 498 mulliflbra N. Du H 213 spinbsa Du Ham. - 250 canariensis Dec. - 498 minor Lam. - 207 triacdntha Gart. - 261 clirysocarpa Dec. - 498 nervdta Kit. - 211 triacanthos L. - 250 digitata Lod. Cat. - 498 odordta Mcench - 202 brachycarpa - 2.50 fbl. argenteis Lod.C. 498 ovata IVald. - 211 inermis Dec. - 260 fbl. aiireis Lod. C. 498 patens Dec. - 204 polysperma Mart. 250 taurica ... 1116 parvifli>ra Dec. 203 var. 13 Mx. - 2.50 poelica C. Bauh. - 498 pedunculdta L'Her 212 Glycine Bot. Mag. - 249 quinquefblia L.Sp. 139 pilbsa L. - • 212 chinensis Bot. Mag. 249 Hedgehog Holly 158 procumbens W. - 212 frutescens Lin. Sp. 249 Hedysareae 247 prostrata Lam. - 212 sinensi.i Bot. Reg. 249 Helianthemura Ten. 58 piirgans L. - 208 GnetacesB - - 937 apenninum Z)ec. - .59 radiata Scop. 205 Goat's Thorn - 246 canescens Swt. 60 umbellata - 205 Goat Wheat - - 678 grandiflbrum Dec. 59 ripens Lam. - rostrdta Poir. Sup. 212 Golden Osier - - 763 hyssopifblium Ten. 60 206 Gooseberry - - 468 crocitura .S«r/. - 61 sagittklis L. - 211 Goosefoot - 675 cupreum Sii't. - 61 minor Dec. 211 Gordbnia Ellis - 73 miiltiplex Swt. - 61 scaribsa Vin. 210 Lasianthus L. - 73 macranthura Sivt. 60 Scopdria Lara. Scorpius Dec. 219 pubescens L'Herit. 73 multiplex Swt. - 60 206 Gorse - - - 200 scabrbsum Pers. - 61 f«rlcea Wulf. 208 GranataccEB - - 456 serpyllifblium Mill. 59 sibirica L. - 210 Grape Vine - - 136 surrejanum Mill. - 58 sphffirocarpa L. - 209 Green Weed - - 210 tauricum Fisch. - 59 spiniflbra Lam. - 206 Grossulacea; - 468. 1116 vulgare Gcert. 58 spinbsa . - - 213 Grossuldria Mill. D. 473 Hemlock Spruce - 1035 sylvestris Scop. • 206 hirsilta Mill. Diet. 473 Hibiscus L. - 62 tinctbria L. - 210 recliiidta Mill. Diet. 473 syriacus L. - 62 fibre pleno - 210 triflbra subv. . 471 fibre albo - 62 hirsilta Dec. 210 Groundsel Tree - 547 fibre albo pleno - fibre purpQreo - 62 latifblia Dec. - 210 Gnaincdna Tourn. 625 62 pratensis Poll. - 210 patavina Tourn. - 625 fibre purp. pleno 62 var. N. Du H. - 210 Guelder Rose - 299. 522 fibre rubro - 62 tomentbsa Poir. - 219 Guilandina L. - 255 fibre variegato - 62 thyrsifibra Booth - 1114 dioica Lin. Sp. - 256 fbliis variegatis 62 triacanthos Brot. - 206 Gum Cistus . - 54 Hickory - - . 735 interrupta Dec. - 206 Gyranocladus L. - 255 Hicbrius Raf. 742 triangularis Willd. 211 canadensis Lam. - 255 integrifblius Raf. - 742 triquetra Ait. 204 Gypsocallis Sal. - 557 Hippocdstanum Ten. 124 triquelra Lam. ? - 204 carnea D. Don - 558 vulgdre Ten. 124 triquetra Wald. - 211 mediterranea D. D. 558 Hippophae L. 698 umbellata Poir. - 205 multiflbra D. Don 5.58 Hippophae L. 700 umbellata Poir. 204 vagans Sal. - - 557 argentea Pursh - 700 capitata 205 flba - - - 6.57 canadensis Linn. - 700 virgdta Lam. 208 pallida - - -5.57 conferta Wall. 699 Genistella Mcench - 211 purpurascens Bree 557 Rharandldes 698 1150 GENERAL INDKX. Page 698 ti'jS 699 699 156 182 250 526 920 917 124 492 723 492 492 494 492 493 493 493 492 493 493 494 494 493 493 493 493 493 494 492 angustif 61ia L- - sibirica salicif61iafl. JJo« sibirica Lod. Holly - Homalinaceae Honey Locust Honeysuckle - Hop Hornbeam Hornbeam Horsechestnut Hortensia Juss. Huntingdon Elm ■ Hydrangea - Hydrangea L. altissima Wall. • arborescens L. discolor Ser. cordata Ph. - georgica - frutescens Moench geSrgica Ln. C. heteromalla Don Hortensia Sieb. kortensis Sm. nivea Mx. glabella Ser. quercifolia Bartr. radidta Sm. - raiiala Wall. vestita Wall. vulgaris Mx. Hvperanthcra dioica Vahl. - - 255 Hypericaceae - 74. 1112 Hypericum L.- 74. 1112 adpressum Bartr. 77 AndrostE'mnm L. Bartramium Mill. calycinum L. elatum Ait. - empetrifblium W. fascicul^ta Lnm. - Jolidaiim Jacq. frUtex Hort. galidides Lam. hircinum L. - minus Dec. obtusif61ium Dec. Kalmianum L. Kalmid.num Du R. Lasianthus L. nepalense Roi/le - prolificum L. rosmarinifbl. L. 7". Uralum Ham. riexL. - 156.1113 aculcila cocciglan- dtfera Garid. angustil'dlia Willd. Aquifiilium Gron. Aquit'blium L. albo marginatum albo pictum altaclerense Hort angustif<)lium H. 78 75 76 75 77 77 77 303 77 75 75 75 75 77 73 77 77 1112 76 883 162 160 157 1.59 158 158 54 aureo marginatum 1.59 aureo pictum ciliatum ciliatum minus crassifCilium H. crispum Hort. ferox Hort. argenteum - aureum fructu albo fructu Idteo fructu nigro heteropliyllum - latifftlium laurifblium marginatum pendulum - reciirvum - genescens - (erratifblium l.-i9 1.58 1.58 1.59 15S 1.58 159 1.59 1.59 1.59 159 1.58 1.58 158 - 1.58 - 1113 - 1.58 - 159 - 158 Page var. 8. Lam. D. 160 arbbrea Bauh. - 880 balearica D. - 160 canadensis Mx. - 155 caroliniana Mill. - 161 Cassena Mx. - 162 Cassine Ait. - 161 Casshie Willd. - 162 cassindides Lk.En. 161 cod/era Cam. - 883 coccigera Ger. - 883 Dalioon Wall. - 162 decidua Walt. - 164 dclicdlula Bartr. - 155 floriddna Lam. 111. 162 latiftlia Hort. - 1113 laxijidra Lam. - 161 lig&strina Jacq. - 162 maderinsis W. En. 160 maderensis Lam. - 161 major Clus. - - 882 Myrsinttes Pursh - 156 myrtifblia Walt. - 162 opaca Ait. - - 160 laxifldra - - 161 magellanica - 161 var. Nutt. - 161 Perado Ait. - - 161 prinijides Ait. - 164 religibsa Bart. - 162 rosmarinifiilia L. - 1G2 vomit6ria Ait. - 162 Ilicioides Dum. C. - 154 lUkium L. - 20. 1111 floridanum Ellis - 20 religibsum Sieb. - 1111 Incarvillea Spr. - 661 grandifibra Spr. - 661 tomentbsa Spreng.j 671 Indigofera - - 1114 nepalensis Hort. - 1114 Iron ivood - - 622 Isabella Grape - 137 Isika Borck. - - 539 alpigena Borck. - 539 liicida Moench - 539 Isomeris - - 1113 arbbrea. Nutt. - 1113 I'tea L. . - - 489 virginica L. - - 490 LvaL. - - - 548 frutescens L. - 548 Ivy - - - 497 hs - Rh.') enervis MiW.- - 683 geniculata Mx. - 685 me/ixscefdlia Walt. 685 nobilis L. - - 681 angustijblia Lod. 682 crispa Lodd. - 682 fibre pleno - 682 fbl. var. Lod. - 682 latitT.lia Mill. - 682 salicif61ia Stct. - 682 undulata Mill. - 682 variegata Stnt. • 682 Pseiido Benzoin 5I.K. 685 Sassafras i. - - 683 haul el - - - 2!)5 1, aureola Gesn. - 688 Laurestinus - - 516 Lavender - - 672 Lavender Cotton - 548 Lavandula L.- - 672 Spica - - - 672 Leather Wood - 692 Ledum L. - - 602 buxifblium Berg. - 602 canadense Lcdd. - 603 greenlandicum Retz. 603 latifolium Ait. - 603 palHstre Mx. - - 603 palustre L. - - 603 decumbens Ait. 603 serpyllijbliuii! L'H. 602 silesiacum Clus. - 603 thymifulium Lam. 602 Leguminacea; - 194 Leguminbsa; - - 1114 Leiophyllum Pcrs. 602 prostratura - - 602 thyniifftlium Pers. 602 J.ep/osperninm W. 466 scabrum W. . - 466 Leucothcie D. Don - .568 acuminata G. Don 569 axillaris D. Don - 568 longifblia - - 569 floribunda D. Don 569 spicata G Don - 569 spinulbsa G. Don - 569 Leycesteria Wall. - .543 formt)sa Wall. - 544 Lignum Rumph. - 933 papudnum Rumph. 933 Ligustrum Toh. 628. 1116 gernidnicum Bauh. 628 itdlicum Mill. - 629 japonicum Thunb. 631 lanceoldtum Lamb. 630 Catijolium Vitra. 631 lucidum Ait. . . 630 floribunil. Donald. 630 nepalense \A'all. - 630 nepalense - - 11 16 spicatum Ham. - 630 glabrum Huok. - 630 vest'itum Wall. - 1116 vulgare Trag. - 628 angustifblium - 629 chlorocarpum - 629 leucocarpum - 629 sempervlrens - 629 variegatum - 629 xanthocarpum - 629 Ltlacemn Renault 637 roihomagense Ren. 637 I iiac Mcench - - 637 GENERAL minor Moench PaRe 637 persica Lam. 637 vuliidris Giertn. - 630 Liliacese - - - 1099 Limbnia Wall. 1112 Laureiila Wall. 1112 Lime Tree 63 IJtiden Tree - 63 Ling 659 Liquiddmhar Lin. 936 Liquidambar 1,. 932 .^Itingii Bl. -■ 933 arbor Pluk. - 932 aspleirifulium Lin. 936 imberbe li'illd. 933 imberbis Sm. 933 orientdlis Mill. 933 peregrinum Lin. - 936 Styracifiiia L. 932 Liriodendron L. 36 Tulipilera L. 30 integrifblia Hort 36 acutif61ia Mx. - 36 flava Hort. 36 obtuslloba Mx. - 36 Live Oak 886 Lvbddium Raf. 191 aromdticum Raf. - 191 Loblolly Bay - 73 Locust Tree - 233 Loiseleuria Desf. - 601 procUmbens Desf. - 601 Lombardy Poplar - 827 Lonicereae - .524. 1116 Lonicera Desf. 526. 1116 alpigena Sievers - 539 alpigena H. - 539 sibirica Dec. 539 altdica Pall. - .540 baltdrica Dec. 529 brachypoda Dec. - .537 Ccgl-ulea L. - 540 CiErillea Giild. 540 canadensis R. & S. 536 Caprifblium Desf. 529 Caprifblium L. - 528 ckinensis Hort. 534 cilidta Dietr. .532 ciliata AfUh. . 536 cili6sa Poii: - 532. 1116 confilsa Dec. 533 cotmdta Meerb. 532 caucdsica Pall. .540 Diervilla L. - .525 dioica Lin. Syst. - 530 Douglasii Dec. 530 etrusca Santi 528 etrCsca Hort. F. Aus . 528 flava Sims 529 Jiexubsa Lod. B. C. 534 flexu6sa Thuiib. - 534 glnbrdta Roxb. 534 Goldii Spreng. 530 grandiflbra Lodd. 535 grata Ait. 531 hispida Pall. - 537 bispidula Dong. - .531 hirsida Eaton 529 iberica Bieb. - 540 implexa Ait. - 529 balearica Viv. - 529 involuCrata Banks .538 japonica Thunb. - ,534 Ledebourii Esch. - .538 longiffilia Hort. - 535 midia Murr - 5:i0 niexicana Hort. 539 microphylla Willd. 539 mongolica Pall. - .521 montana Hort. 5.S9 nigra Thunb. 537 nigra L. - - .535 canipanifl6ra 530 oblongifblia Hook. 539 occidentalis Hook. .532 orientalis Lam. .540 Palldsii Led. 540 INDEX Pase parvifl6ra Lam. - ,530 Periclymenum L. 527 belgicum - - 527 quercifoliura Ait. 52S serotinuin Ait. - 528 pilbsa IV. - - 533 pubescens Swt. - 52!) punicea Sims - 536 pyrenaica L. - ,536 pyrendica Pall. - 540 pyren&ica Willd. - 535 serapervirens Ait. .531 Brownii Gordon 532 major Ait. - - 532 minor Ait. - - .532 sibirica Hort. - 535 syynjphoriciirpos L. 541 tatarica Mx. - .536 tatarica L. - - 535 albitibra Dec. - .535 latifftlia Lod. Cat. 535 liitea Lod. Cat. - 535 rubrifldra Dec. - .535 velul'tna Dec. - 540 virginidna Marsh. 531 villbsa MiihI. - 540 Xyiosteum L. - 537 leucocarpum Dec. 537 melanocarpura D. 537 xanthocarpum D. 537 Loranthaceje - - .508 Loranthus I.. - - 510 europje'us L. - 511 Lotus Lob. - - 727 drbor Lob. - - 727 argenteus Brot. - 225 L&wea !,>•-«(//. - - 352 berberifolia Lindl. 352 Lucombe Oak. - 859 Lycium L. - - 665 atrum L. - - 668 ri^idum - - 668 barbarum Lam. D. 667 bdrbarum Lour. C. 666 barbarum /.. - - 666 vulgare Ait. - 666 ckinense A. - 666 ^ Dec. Fl. Fr. - 668 boerhaaviiefblinm 669 buxijblium Bauh. 173 chinense M. - - 666 cAiwense N. Du H. 667 europae'um L. - 665 europse'um /3 Dec. 668 hatimifblium Mill. 666 halinufblium Mill. 668 heteroph^llum Murr. 669 lanceolatum - - 668 obovatum - - 668 ovatum - - - 668 ovdtum N. Du H. 666 r'lgidnm Booth - 668 ruthenicum - - 667 caspicum Pall. - 667 salicifblimn Mill. D. 665 spatu latum - - 668 tataricum Pall. - 667 Trewianum - - 667 turbinatum - - 668 Ly6nia Nutt. - - 564 arbbrea D. Don - 666 caprea'folia Wats. 568 ferruginea Nutt. - 565 frondbsa Nutt. - 567 marginata Don - 565 riibra Lodd. - 566 mariana D Don - 566 oblonga Swt. - .566 multill6ra Wats. - ■567 paniculata Ntitt - 567 racembsa D. Don - 566 rlgida Nutt. - - 565 salicitdlia Wats. - 567 Macartney Bose - 323 Macliira A^K^. - 711 aurantiaca Nutt. - 711 Macrothyrsus Spach 134 1151 discolor Spach - 134 Madeira Holly - 161 MagnoliaceJE - 21.1111 Magnblia/-. - 21. 111! acuminata L. - 29 Candolli Savi - 2? latifblia - - ?4 maxima Lodd. - 29 striata - - 29 auriculdris Salisb. 31 auriculata Lam. - 31 pyramidata - 31 conspicua Salisb. - 33 Soulangeana - 33 Alexandrina - 33 specibsa - - 33 cordata Mx. - - 30 discolor Vent. - 3.5 denuddta Lam. - 35 Jroiidbsa Salisb. - 27 Frdseri Walt. - 31 glauca /.. - - 25 Burchelliana - 26 Cardbnii - - 26 Gordoniana - 26 longif blia Ptirsk 26 sempervlrens Hort. 25 Thompsonianay///). 25 grandiflbra L. - 22 angustifblia Hort. 23 elliptica Ait. - 23 exoniensis Hort. 23 exoniensis var. - 23 Jerrvginea Hort. 23 floribunda - - 23 f blii.-.-variegatis 23 Harwicus Hort. 1111 lanceoldta Ait. - 23 latilblia - - 23 longif blia undulata 23 magordensis - 23 obovata Ait. - 22 prae'cox Andry - 23 rotundif 61ia Swt. 23 rubiginbsa - - 23 stricta Hort. - 23 tripetala /.. - 27 umbrella Lara. - 27 vdra - - - 23 Kbbus Dec. - - 35 macrophylla Mx. - 28 Micha&xii Hort. - 28 obovata Thunb. - 35 pricia Correa - 33 purpilrea Sims - 35 denudata Lam, 35 discolor Vent. - 35 gracilis - - 35 hybrida i/o;-<. - 1111 liliflbra Lain. - 35 jiyramiddta Bartr. 31 Soulangeana An.Sv/. 33 toinenthsa Thun. - 35 Yillan Desf. - 33 MahbniaA'w^. 50. 1111 acanthifblia - - 53 angustifblia - - 1112 Aquifblium Nutt. 51 nutkana Dec. - 51 caragan^fblia - 53 fascicularis Dec. - 50 glumdcea Dec. - 52 gracilis - - 1111 Hartwdgii - - 1112 lanceolatum - - 1112 nepalensis - - 63 nervbsa Nutt. - 62 pallida - - - 1111 repens G. Don - 52 fascicularis - ,52 tenuifblia - - 53 tragacanthbldes - ,53 trifoliata - - 1111 Maltachodendron C. 71 ovatum Cav. - 71 Mdlus Merat - 426 acerba Merat - 426 1152 GENERAL INDEX. Page astracamca Dum. 427 baccala Desf. - 427 commilnis Dec. - 426 coronaria Mill. - 429 d!«?c«Miinch - 427 hybrida Desf. - 426 microcdrpa Raf. - 414 parvifbliaWoTt.Soc. 414 seinpervircns Desf. 430 sinensis Dum. - 431 spectdbilis Ait. - 431 tomenlbsaDxxm. - 449 Malvftcefe - - 62 Manna Ash - - 657 Maple - - • 79 Mastic Tree - - 186 May - - - 375 Mdyteniis Dec. - 155 chilensis Dec. - 155 Medlar - - - 414 Memecylum Mx. - 580 MenispermaceEe - 39 Menispermum Z. - 39 canadense a. Lam . 40 canariense ^ havn. 40 canadense L. - 40 lobatura Dec. - 40 smilacinura - 40 carolinum L. - 46 dailricum Dec. - 40 smildcinmn Dec. - 40 virginicum L. - 40 Menziesia S?«. - 600 bryantha Swz. - .571 carillea Swz. - 571 Dahce'cia Dec. - .572 empetrifSi'mis Ph. 572 empetriformis Sm. 571 ferruginea Sm. - 601 globularis Salisb. - 601 pildsa Pers. - - 601 polifblia Juss. - ."^72 Smithii Mx. - 601 nrceoldris Sal. - 601 Merdtia Nees - 455 Jtdgrans Nees - 455 Merries • - - 277 Mespihis L. - - 414 ucerijblia Poir. - 367 acuminata Lodd. - 409 ceslivdlis Walt. - 353 qffmis D. Don - 408 Ameldnchier L. - 412 ATneldnchier W. - 413 arbbrea Mx. - 412 arbulifblia Schm. 446 ^ 'ria Scrip. - 432 Arbriia Willd. - .370 aucupdria All. - 439 axilldris Pers. - 383 Azaibtns All. - 368 bcngatensis Roxb. 405 calpvde'7idro7i Ehrli. 356 caziddeniis L. Sp. 412 far. - - - 412 ovdlis Mx. - 413 rotiindijblia Mx. 413 capitdta Lodd. - 447 Celsidna Dum. - 372 Chamieniespilus'L.S. 449 coccinea Mill. - 353 const antinopolitdna 354 corddia Mill. - 367 cornijblia Poir. - 356 Cotonrdster L. - 406 CrCs-gdlti Poir. - 358 cuneijdlia Ehrh. - 354 cuneifblia Moench 358 Ciille Hort. - - 409 eriocdrpa Dec. - 406 floril}6nda Lodd. - 447 germunica L. - 415 diliasa Dec. - 416 Btricta Dec. - 416 sylvestris Mill. - 416 tJundtflbra Sm. - 416 Page hyemdlis Walt. - 358 integerrimaWam. 23.408 latijblia Lam. - 356 lincdris Desf. - 360 lobdta Poir. - - 365 lobdta Poir. - - 416 lilcida Dum. - 3.59 iUcida Ehrh. - 358 melanocdrpa Fisch. 406 MickaHxii Pers. - 364 nana Dum. - - 360 nigra Willd. - 362 orientdtis Tourn. - 371 Oxyacdntha Gsertn. 375 Oxyacdniha integrij. 379 parvij'ulia Wats. - 383 Phcenopyrum L. - 367 pinndta Dum. - 372 prunifblia Poir. - 301 pilhens Lodd. - 447 pilinila Lodd. - 446 punctata Lk. - 355 Pyracdntka L. - 385 pyrijblia Lk. - 356 rotundijblia Ehrh. 354 Smithii Dec. - 416 sorbifblia Bosc - 444 succulenta B. - 354 tanacetijblia Poir. 372 iinctbria D. Don - 405 tomentbsa Poir. - 3H3 toinejiibsa Willd. - 406 xanthocdrpos Ij.fA. 383 Mezereon - - 687 Mexican Oaks - 898 Mexican Pines 991. 1000 Milk Vetch - - 246 Miller's Grape - 137 Minorca Holly - 160 Missouri Silver Tree C97 Silver Leaf- - 700 Mistletoe - - 508 Mocker Nut - - 738 Mock Orange - - 460 MonochlamydeEB - 675 Moonseed - - 39 Morrenia - - 1117 odorata Lindl. - 1117 Mbrus Tourn. - 706 alba L. - - 707 columbassa L. - 708 italica Hort. - 708 latifblia Hort. - 707 macrophylla - 707 membranacea L. 708 Morettiana Hort. 707 multicaiilis Per. 707 nana Hort. - 708 nervosa Lodd. - 707 ovalifbiia - - 707 pCimila Nois ? - 708 romana Lodd. - 707 riisea Hort. - 708 sinensis Hurt. - 708 bullula Balliis - 707 Candida Dod. - 707 canadensis Poir. - 710 chinensis Lodd. - 708 hispdnica Hort. - 707 iidlica Lodd. - 708 nervbsa Bon Jard. 707 nigra Poir. - - 706 laciniata Mill. - 706 papyri/era - - 710 penn.sylvdnica Nois. 709 rilbra L. - - 709 scabra - - 710 scdbra Willd - 710 Seba Ka>mpf. - 710 sinen.''is Hort. - 708 subdlba nervosa H. 707 tatarica Pall. - 709 tatdrica Desf. - 707 virginica Pluk. - 709 Moss Rose - - 334 Mountain Ash - 439 Paee Mulberry Tree - 705 Mutisia Cav. - 551 arachnoidea Mart. .5-52 ilicifolia - - .562 inflexa - - .552 latifolia D. Don - 552 linearifolia - - 552 runcinata - - 552 subspinosa - - 552 Myginda Jacq. - 156 myrtifaiia Mutt. - 156 Myricacea - - 934 Myricai. - - 934 cerifera L. - - 935 angustifblia Ait. 935 latifolia Ait. - 935 inedia Michx. - 935 sempervirens H. 935 carolinensis Willd. 935 Gale L - - - 934 spathulata Mirb. - 936 trifolidia Hort. - 191 Myricaria Desv. - 4.59 germanica Desv. - 459 dahCirica Dec. - 459 Myrohalan Plum - 274 Myrtle of Australia 910 Myrtiis Catesb. - 935 brahdntica Catesb. 935 brabdntica Ger. - 934 brahdntica Pluk - 934 Matrix Mcench - 229 rotundijblia Moench 229 Nectarine Tree - 267 Negundo Mcench - 122 acer'dldes Moench - 122 ainericdnntn Rafin. 122 atiguldlum Mtench 40 caliloniicum T.^G. 122 fraxinifolium Mutt. 122 crispum G. Don 122 violaceum Booth 122 Nemopanthes/J(^re. 154 canadensis Dec. - 156 fasciculdris Ratin. 155 Nepaul Oaks - - 891 Nettle Tree - - 727 Micker Tree - - 255 Nightshade - - 663 Minlooa Swt. - - 533 confusa Swt. - 533 Japouica Swt. - .534 longijibra Swt. - 534 Nitrariacete ■ - 468 Nitraria /,. - - 468 cdspica Pall. - 468 Schoberi L. - - 468 caspica - - 468 sihirica Pall. - 468 trideutata Desf. - 468 Noisette Rose / - 342 Moriray Maple - 83 Norway Spruce - 1026 Nuttallia - - 1115 cerasiformis Tor. - 1115 Nyssa L. - - 693 anguiiza7ts Mich. - 694 angulosa Poir. - 694 aqudtica Lin. - 693 biflora Michx. - 693 candicans Mx. - 694 capitdta Walt. - 694 carolinidna L. - 693 coccinea Bart. - 694 denticuldta Ait. - 69+ grandidentata - 694 integrifblia Ait. - 693 montdna Hort. - 694 multiflora Wang. - 694 peddnculis unifioris 693 peddnculis mnltifib. 694 sylvdtica Mich. - 693 tomcnidsa Mich. - 694 wiijibra Wang. - 694 villbsa Mx. - - 693 Oak - - - 846 Page (Enoplia Schult. - 170 voliibilis Schult, - 170 Old Man - .550 OleacesB - - 1116 Oleaceee - 628 Oleineffi - - 628 OMea - - 635 americana L. - 635 Oleaster - 696 Ononis L. - 22« fruticdsa L. - - 2-H niicrophyllaZ)fc 229 latifblia Ass. ■ 229 rotundifolia L. ■ 229 tribracteata Dec. ■ 229 O'putus Ait. - 524 americana Ait. 524 glandulbsa Moen. - .522 Orache - 676 Orchidocdrpnm Ms . 38 arict'nium Mx. 38 Oreopliila Nutt. 156 myrtifblia Nutt. - 156 O'rnus Pers. - 651 O'rnus Trag. - 917 americana P. 661 europA(< Jacq.- - 955 muricata D. Don - 989 Neosa Govan - 998 nepalensis Pin.Wob. 999 nigra Alt. - - 1031 nigricans Hort. - 958 nigresceiis Hort. - 958 ndbitis Doug. - 1047 Nordinannidna St. 1042 occidentalis S. - 1015 occidentdlis Kunth 1004 odcarpa Schd. - 1012 orientalis Lin. - 1029 Pallasiana L. - 9.59 pal&slris Willd. - 987 excelsa Bootli - 988 patula S. Sf V. - 992 f dliis strictis Bnth. 993 pendula Ait. - - 10,56 penicellus Lap. - 961 P'lcea Du Roi - 1026 Picea Lin. - - 1037 cinerea B. C. - 1037 Pichta Lodd. - 1043 Pinaster Ait. - f 61 Aberdt)ni3e G. M. 963 Escarinus Arb. B. 963 f oliis variegatis - 963 fragilis N. Du H. 965 Lemonianus - 963 maritimus - - 963 minor - - 963 Pindrow Royle - 1052 Pinea L. - - 965 cretica Hort. - 965 ponderosa Doug. - 981 Pseudo-Strobus - 1008 pumilio Hcen. - 955 Fischeri Booth - 955 Mughus - - 955 nana Matt. - 955 rubra;!' 61ia - - 955 piingens Michx. - 971 pyrenaica L. - - 961 radiata Don - - 990 religibsa Humb. - 1049 resinusa Ait. - - 972 rigida il/(7/. - - 977 romdna H. S. Gard. 9-57 rubra Mill. - - 951 riibra Mill. - - 952 rubra Michx. - 972 rUbra Lamb. - 1032 rupdstris Mx. - 909 Russelliana i. - 1008 Sabiniana Doug. - !<82 Sabinidna var. Hrt. 985 saliva . - - 965 sativa Amm. - 1016 sativa Bauh. - - 965 scuriosa Lodd. - 953 serotina Mx. - 979 serdlina Hort. - 987 sibirica Hort. - 1043 sinensis Lamb. - 91i9 Smithiana Wall. - 1032 speeidbilis Lam. - 1051 B 1154 GENERAL INDEX. Pafie squamosa Bosc - 95S StnMius L. - - 1018 alba Hort. - - 1018 hreviVoliA Hort. 1018 conVfiressa Booth 1018 ni)va Lodd. - 1018 sylvestris L. - - 951 ki/lvestris, ^c Bauh. 1016 altaica l.edeb. - 9o3 Cimbru Cam. - lOlU divarkata Ait. - 9fi9 genevensis - 953 haguenensis - 953 horizontalis - 952 lihmilis y Neal - 955 intermedia - 953 mar'tlitna Ait. - 95.5 monopnylla Hodg. 9.53 inontana Sang - 952 ■rnontilna y Ait. - 955 Muiiho Matt. - 955 rigensis - - 9.53 scaiifisa - - 9-53 tortu6sa - - 954 uncinata - - 952 vulgaris - - 952 syrtica Thore - 9(il Ta!\ta /,. - - 976 alupecuro'idca Ait. 979 tilarica Ham. Nurs.959 tnxi folia I^amb. - 1033 Teocote S. S; D. - 991 timoriensis - - 1000 tuheroulata Don - 990 turbinata Bosc - 975 varidhilis Lamb. - 980 variabilis Pursh - 974 vcniista Doug. - 1048 virginicina Du Roi 970 viriiiniana Pluk. - 1018 Webhiann Wall. - 1051 P'/pt r Ger. - - 073 n'^reslis Ger. - 673 Piptanthus Stvt. - 198 nepali'-nsis Suit. - 199 Pistacia L. - - 184 atldnlica Desf. - 186 cA/« Desf. - - 180 Lentiscus L. - 186 angustifdlia Dec. 186 chia N. Du Ham. 186 massiliensis IMill. D. 186 officindrum H. K. 185 rcticuldia Willd. - 185 Terebintlius L. - 185 spharocarpa Dec. 185 vtra Mill. Diet. - 185 vera L. - - 185 narbonensis B. M. 185 trif61ia Lin. Spec. 185 Pistachio Nut - 184 Plinera G?«c/. - 723 aqudlica Willd. - 726 carpinifhlin Wats. 726 crendla Uesf. - 726 crencUa IMx. - - 726 Gmfilini Mx. - 726 Kichardi Mx. - 726 lilniilblia Mx. - 726 Plane Tree - - 927 Platan .acese - - 927 Platanus /-. - - 927 acerifblia Willd. - 928 cuiieata IIV//(/. - 929 hispaiiica Lodd. - 928 iiiteniiidia Hort. - 928 mnrrophylla Cree 928 occidentilis L. - 931 hotcropliflla/fr/. 1118 A'ccris folio Ton 928 undtildla Ait. - 929 crientalis L. - 927 acerif 61ia Ait. - 928 runeata 929 hispaniea - 929 vrra Park - 928 Plaughm. Spiltenard 546 Page Plum - - - 270 Podocarpns Swt. - 942 macrophyllus Swt. 942 Poet's Cassia - - 695 Poison Wood - - 189 Polifblia Buxbaura 560 Polygonaceae - 678. 1117 Polygonum - - 1117 caucdsicum Hoffm. 678 crispnm var. a. Sims 078 frutescens Willd. - 678 lamiifbliu?n Bauh. 937 marimun Tab. - 937 parvifblium Nutt. 679 polygonujyi Vent.. - 679 volcanicura .Sera. - 1117 P&meifi - - - 352 Pomegranate - - 456 Pond Bush - - 683 Poplar - - - 819 Poplar of Virginia 3(i Populus' Tourn. - 819 acerifblia Lodd. - 820 acerifolia - - 820 segyptiaca Hort. 820 candicans - - 820 hvbrida Bicb. - 820 pallida Hort. - 820 pendula - - 820 acladesca Lindl. - 825 alba Bieb. - - 820 a/AaMill. - - 820 alba Trag. - - 824 alba L. - - - 819 latifblia Loh. - 819 Medilsa; Booth - 828 nivea Mart. - 819 n6va Audib. - 828 angulata Ait. - 828 angulbsa Michx. - 828 aremhergica Lodd. 820 argintea Michx. - 829 balsamifera Mill. - 828 balsami'fera L. - 830 f61iis variegatis 830 intermedia Hort. 830 latif olia Hort. - S.IO suaveolens - 830 viminalis - - 830 belgica Lodd. - 820 betulifblia - - 825 canadensis - - 824 canadensis Mcench 831 candicans Ait. - 831 candicans Lodd. - 820 canescens Sm. - 820 carolinSnsis Mcench 825 cordata - - - 831 curdifblia Burgs. - 829 crassi folia Mart. - 820 dilatdta Ait. - - 827 fastigiata Desf. - 827 glandulbsa Moench 825 graj'ca Ait. - - 823 grandidentata - 823 grisea \.oAA. - 820 hcterophijlla Du Roi S2S heterophylla L. - 829 hndsoriidna - - 825 hudsonica Mich. - 825 hybrida^ Dod. - 821 iiiterinidia Mert. - 820 italicn Mcench - 827 dilatdta Willd. - 827 carolinensis'&wx^. 827 liea Du Ham - 824 virginidtta Lin. - 825 viridis Lodd. - 824 vistulensis Hort. - 824 Porcelia Pers. - 38 triloba Pers. - 38 Portugal Broom - 213 Portugal Laurel - 294 Potentillea? - - 310 Potentilla L. - - 319 Comarum Scop. - 320 dahUrica Nestl. - 320 floribdnda Pli. - 320 frulicbsa Busch - 320 fniticysa L. - - 319 dalmrica Ser. - 320 tenuiloba Ser. - 320 glabra Lodd. - 320 Sales6vii Stepk. - 320 tenuifblia Schlect. 320 Prickly Ash - - 142 Prinos L. - - 163 ambiguus jl/.r. - 164 atomarius Nutt. - 166 canadensis Lyon - 165 confertus Moench - 164 coriaceus Pursh - 106 deciduus Dec. - 164 dubius G. Don - 106 glaber L. - - 166 gldber Wats. - 166 Gronovii Mx. - 164 la?vigatus Pursh - 165 lanceolatus Pursk 165 Ihcidus -Ait. - - ' 1.55 Ihcidus Hort. - 165 pad?fdlius\\'\\k\. - 164 prunifolius Lodd. 164 verlicilkitus I.. - 164 Privet - - - ti28 Provence Hose - 333 I'rnvins Hose - - 334 PrCinus Tourn. 270. 1114 dcida Ehrh. - - 278 acuminata Mx. - 275 aynericdna Dar. - 284 argttta Bigelow '- 291 Arnieniaca L. Sp. 267 nigra Desf. - 268 austera Ehrh. - 278 dviutn L. Sp. - 277 boredlis Poir. - 2x3 brigant'iaea Vill. - 270 candi<'ans Bulb. - 275 canadtns/s M. et S. 292 earolinidna Ait. - 296 caprieida Wall. - 2!i3 cerasifera Ehrh. - 274 cerasbides D. Don 287 CC'rasus Lin. Sp. - 278 cliicasa Pursh - 285 Cocorailla Ten. - 275 dasycdrpa Ehrhi - 268 divaricata Led. - 276 , domestica L. - 273 armenidides Ser. 273 fibre pleno Hort. 273 fol. variegatis H. 273 fruticbsa Pall. - 282 glaucifblia Wall. - 293 i//xn JJroussonet - 294 hyejndlis Mx. - 285 iuedna Stephen - 282 inirmis Gmel. - 262 insitilia ^\'alt. - 285 insititia h. - - 272 flore pleno Desc. 273 fructu luteo-albo 272 fructu nigro H. - 272 friictu rubro H. 273 Japonica Thunb. - 286 lanceoldta Willd. - 286 Laurocerasus L. - 295 lusitdnica L. - 294 Mahdleb L. - - 288 maritima Wangenh. 275 tnulliglandulbsa C. 294 Mhme Sieb. - - 1114 Myrobdlan Du H. 274 myrobdlana Lois. - 274 myrobalana L. - 274 161iis varieg. Duh. 274 nigra Ait. - - 284 nigj-icans Ehrh. - 277 •Pddus'L. - . 289 paniculdta Ker - 282 pennsylvdnica L. fil. 286 persicifolia Desf. - 283 proslrdta H. K. - 282 Psetido-Cerasus L. 282 Jjubescens Poir. - 276 pubescois Ph. - 2S5 piimila L. - . 283 pyginte'a Willd. - 284 ritbra Ait. - - 29! rilbra W. - - 290 salicina I,indl. - 287 sativa Fuclis, Ray 273 semperflorens Ehrh. 281 sempervirens Willd. 296 serotina Roth - 281 serutina Willd. - 291 serruldia Lindl. - 281 sibirica Lin. Sp. - 269 sinensis Pers. - 286 sphcerocdrpa Mx. 285 spiubsa Lois. - 271 spinosa L. - - 271 fli)re pleno - 271 l'61iis variegatis .'i. 271 macrocar])a ll'al. 271 microcarpa JVal. 271 ovitaStT. - - 271 vulgaris Ser. - 271 u?idulu/a Hamilt. - 293 vdria Ehrli. - - 277 virginidna Fl.BIex. i92 virginidna Mill. - 291 Pscud-Acdcia Mrencli 233 odordta Moench - 2.^3 Pteleai. - . li'i BaldHinii Tor. ..y G. 144 tril'bliata L. - - 144 pentaphylla Mun. 144 pubescens Pursh 141 Pierococcns Pall. - 680 aphyllus Pall. - 6S(I Pteriicarya Kunlh 713 caucasica Kunih 743 Pimica Tourn. - 4.56 tinuricdu" 7iuna P. 457 Granatum L. - 4.56 albescens Dec. - 4.57 fl. pleno - - 457 flavum Hort. - 4.5? ndnitm Pers. • 4.57 rClliru-n Dec. • 4.56 a. pleno Tiew - 4i; Page Purshia Bee. - - 'IW' tridentuta Dec. - 297 Pyracc'intha - 375. .SSft PyrusXmrf/. - 417. 1115 acerba Dec. - 426 A\hras Gicrtn. - 417 alniftlia Lmdl. - 449 Ameliinchier Willd. 412 americana Dec. - 438 americana Dec. - 440 ainygdalif'6rmis Vil. 422 angusti folia Ait. - 430 apHnLa Munch. - 427 arbutilolia i.^. - 446 intermedia Litidl. 446 pdniila - - 446 serotina Lindl. - 446 AVia Eki/i. - 432 acuminata Hort. 433 acutifdlia Ot'c. - 433 angustif &lia [.i7id. 433 builiita Lindl. - cretica Littdl. - editlis Hort. longifblia Hort. obtiisiti)lia Dec. ovalis Hort. 433 433 433 433 433 433 rotiindifotiaHort. 433 rug&sa Lindl. - 433 undulata Lindl. 433 astraciinica Dec. - 427 aiicuparia Gwrtn. 439 fastigiata - - 439 1 oliis variegitis - 439 friictu IClteo - 439 auricrtliiris Knoop 423 auriculata Dec. - 438 Azarblus Scop. - 368 b.iccata L. - - 427 boilwyllerianaD^c. 423 htillwi/Ueriana 3.^. 423 Botri/a/n'um h.ai. 412 canadensis Hort. - 440 ChamEeraespilus L. 449 communis Lois. - 442 conimCinis L. - 417 A'chras Jf'allr. - 418 fibre pleno - 418 f c)liis variegatis - 418 frtictu variegate 418 jaspida - - 418 Pyraster Wallr. 418 sanguinolenta - 418 sativa O.'C. - 418 si/lvestris - - 426 coronaria L. - 420 corona} ia Wang - 430 creniila D. Don - 435 Cydbnia I,in. Sp. - 450 depressa X. - - 448 dioica W. - - 427 domhtica Sm.inE.B.442 edidis Willd. - 435 elteagiiifblia A.R. 422 elccagui/blia Pall. 422 fioribiinda L. - 447 foliolbsa Wall. - 445 glandulbsa Mcench 354 grandifolia L. - 448 heterophylla i?. . 11J5 hircina Wall. - 445 hybrida Mcench - 44+ hybridd lamtginbsa 443 indica Colebr. - 425 integrifblia Wall. 405 intermedia Ehrh. - 434 angustifblia - 435 latifMia - - 434 japdn'ca Thunb. - 450 lanugindsa Dec. - 443 MMus /,. - - 425 iUrt/us Sm.E. B. - 426 auslira Wallr. - 426 hybrida Ait. - 426 mitis Wallr. - 425 si/lveslris Tl. Dan. 426 melanocirpa W. - 447 GENERAL INDEX. Pane Page subpubescensi. 447 Bdnja Ham. 888 Michauxii Bosc. - 425 barbinervis Benth. 904 microcarpa Dec. - 441 bicolor Willd., 868 tiepalensis Hort. - 435- borealis Mx. - 870 nivSllis Lin.fil. 421 Brantii lAnil. 891 NHssia Ham. 407 JBrossa Bosc - 889 oralis Willd. 413 burgundiaca Bauh. 854 orientcilis Horn. - 422 calycina Pair. 889 Pnshia Ham. 424 candicans Willd. - 904 persica Pers 421 cariensis Willd. - 890 pinnatitlda Ehrh. 438 Castauea Willd. - 867 arbiiscula Dec. 439 castaoeilolia Mey. 890 lanuginbsa 438 castanicdrpa Rox. 915 pcndula 439 Catesba;^ Willd. - S73 Pollveria L. Mant. 423 Catiingea Ham. - 915 pilbens L. 448 Cerris Hort. - 8.56 pinnila Hort. 430 Cerris Oliv. - 855 prunilblia IV. 426 Cerris L. 854 Pyraster Ray 417 cana major Lod 857 riviilaris Dous 437 cana minor iorf. 857 rubiciinda Hoffm. 449 austriaci - 8.i6 salicifblia L.- 422 dentata Wats. - .SoS salicifolia Lois. 422 froudusn Mill. - 855 salvilblia Dec. 421 fulliamensis 8.58 sambucifblia Cham. 444 heterophylla 8.59 san^ulnea Ph. 413 laciniata - 8.56 Schdttii Led. 432 latilblia J/o;«. - 859 Sieversii Led. 432 Lucombeana 8.59 nbv. sp. Silvers - 432 crispa 8.59 Sinai Desf. - 421 dent&ta - 8.59 sinaica Thouin 421 incisa 859 sinensis Lindl. 422 suberbsa 8.59 sinensis Poir. 450 pendula Neill - 856 sh/ica Rnyle - 422 Ragnal 8.57 . Sorbus Gecrtn. - 442 variegiita Lod. - 856 maliformis Lod. 442 vulgaris - 8-55 pyrilormis Lodd. 442 chinensis Bung. - 893 spectabilis Ait. 431 Chinquapin Pursh 867 spuria Dec. - 444 chrysophylla//M?«S 902 pendula Hort. - 445 cinerea Willd. 877 sambucifblia H. I .445 circiniita If Hid. - 904 stipulacea Hort. - 432 coccifera L. - 883 sylvestris Dod. 417 cocci/era 879 sylvestris Magnol - 422 coccinea Willd. 869 tomentbsa Dec. 449 concentrica Lour. 893 torminalis Ehrh. - 436 confertit'61ia Humb. 904 trilobata Dec. 437 conglomercita Pers. 8.54 variol6sa Wall. - 424 costata Bl. - 895 vestUa Wall. 435 crassifolia Humb. - 903 Quercus i. - 849. 1117 crassipes Humb. - 901 acuminata Hort. - 888 angustii'dlia H. - 901 acClta Thunb. 893 crinita - - 854 ,855 acntifolia Willd. - 904 y Cerris Lin. - 8.56 acutifulia Nees 1117 cunedta Wang. 870 asgiiopifblia Pers. 889 cuspidita Thunb. - 893 legilopijhlia Wi!!d. 889 daphnoidea Bl. 897 .D'gilops L. - 860 dejitiila liart. 875 latifblia Hort. - 860 dentata Thunb. - 893 pendula Hort. - 860 depressa Humb. - 903 asrijulia Willd. - 879 discolor Ait. - 870 A'lamo Benth 904 discolor Willd. - 871 alba L. - - 862 dii'ersiff)lia Willd. - 904 paltistris Michx. 862 dysophylla Benth. 904 pinnatitida Mx. - 862 elegans Bl. - 896 pinnatifida Walt. 862 elliptica Willd. - 904 repiinda Mx. 862 elongiHa Willd. - 870 virginidna Park. 862 E'sculus L. - 853 ambigua Humb. - 903 exoniensis Lod. 8-59 ambigua Willd. 870 expausa Poir. 889 americana Pluk. - 871 fce'mina Roth 849 angustata Bl. 894 faginea Lam. 889 annulata Stn. 888 falciita Michx. 870 apennina L. - 854 falkenbergensis B. 852 aqudtica Lod. 874 fastigiata Lam. - 849 aqudlica Sm.&Ab. 875 Feunissi Hort. 851 aqufetica Sol. 875 fir ox Rox. - 915 eUmgata Ait. 875 ferruginea Mx. 874 maritima Michx. b76 filicijolia Hort. 851 A'rcula Ham. 891 Fontaui-sii Guss. - 885 armata Kox. 915 gemellillbra Bl. - 898 aspera Bosc 889 glaberrima Bl. 896 austriaca Willd. - 856 glabra Thu7ib. 893 australis Cook 851 glabrescens Benth. 904 australis Link 852 glauca Thunb. 888 Ballbta Des. 882 glaiica Thunb. 893 Bmils/eri Lod. 871 glaucescens Humb. 899 Banisteri Michx. - 876 Gramtintia - 882 4l E 2 1155 Page grandifblia Don - 892 Haliphke'os Bosc - 8!j5 Haliphlcc^ OS Juss. 854 Hartwegi Benth. - 904 Hemeris Dalech. - 849 hemisphie' rica Br. 886 hemisphee' rica W. 87.'- heterophylla Mx. - 879 hispdnicii Lam. - 889 humilis Hort - 886 hdmilis iawi. - 889 hitmilis Walt. - 877 hybrida Hort. - 885 hybrida Lod. - 886 hybrida nana - 886 iberica Stev. - - 896 riex L. - - S80 Balldta - - 1117 crispa Lod. - 880 fagilblia Lod. - 880 integrifblia Lod. 880 latifOlia Lod. - 880 longifblia Lod. - 880 marijldndica Ray 870 oblonga Hort. - 880 salicifblia - - 880 serratifblia Lod. 880 variegata Hort. - 880 ilicifolia W. - - 87(T imbricata Ham. - 892 imbricata Willd. ■ 879 incHna Royle - S8S mAdVABl. - - 898 infectbria Oliv. - 890 Kamroopii D. Don 88.8 laciniata Lod. - '851 lamellbsa Sm. - 892 lanata Sm. - - 888 lanceolata Humb. 901 lancifolia Cham. - 904 lanata - - - 1117 lanuginosa D. Don 888 latifhlia Hort. - 879 latifblia mils Bauh. 851 laurifblia W. - 878 hybrida Mx. - 878 laurina Humb. - 900 Libani Oliv. - - 890 lineata Bl. - - 898 lobata Willd. - 904 Luco7nbeana Swt. 859 crispa Hort. - S.59 dentata Hort. - 859 heterophylla - 8-59 incisa Hort. - 859 suberosa Hort. - 859 lusitanica Lam. - 889 liltea Willd. - - 904 lyrata Walt.- - 865 lyrdta Lod. - - 870 macrocarpa W. - 864 macrophylla Willd. 904 magnoliEefblia W. 904 mannifera Ldl- 854. 890 mar'iiima Willd. - 878 maryliindica Ray - 874 niexicana Humb. - 901 microphylla Willd. 904 MichaOxii Nutt. - 868 molucca.Bi'. - - 898 mongolica Fisch. - 890 mongblica Lindl. - 851 jnontana Lod. - 871 monlana Willd. - 866 mucronata Willd. - 904 niyrtifolia Jf'iltd. - 887 nUna Hort. - - 886 nana Willd.- - 875 nepalcnsis - - 1117 nigra Thore- - 8.5;j nigra Willd. - 875 nigra L. - - 874 maritima Mx. - 875 nana - . - 875 oblongata D. Don 888 obovata Bung. - 893 obtecta Poir. • 890 1150 obtusata Htimb. - oblusata Ait. obtusifolia Don obtusilolia Mx. olivEefi'irmis - orienialis Tourn. - latijblia Tourn. pallida Bl. - paluslris Marsh - paliistris mild. - pandurata Humb. - pannunica Booth - pendida Lod. pedunculata JVilld. fastigiata - fcjliis variegatis - heterophylla pendula , - pubescens Lud. - purpurea - petiolaris Scnth. - PheUos Sm. - Phelloi i. - 876. cinirevs Ait. cinereus - hilmilis PursJi - latifolius Lodd. - niaritimus Mx. - phmtlis Mx. sericeus sylvaticus Mx. - PImllata Ham. placentaria III. platycarpa Bl. platyphyllos Dal. - prasina Pcrs. prinb'/diS Willd. - Prinus Lin. - Prinus Sm. - Prinus L. acuminata Mx. - Chinquapin Mx. discolor Mx. montlcola Mx. - iiionticola Mich. paliistris Mx. - pClmila Mx. tomentosa Mx. - pruinosa Blume - pseCido-coccifera - pseildo-molvicca Bl. Pseiido-SUber H. - PseCido-.Siiber Z). Fontanesii - pubescens Willd. - pulcliella Humb. - piimila Mx. - pyrnmidalis Hort. pyrenaica W. 853. racem5sa Hook, racrmbsa N. Du H. lidgnal Lod. regclis Burn, regia Lindl. rcpAnda Humb. ■ reticulata Humb. ■ Rhbur Lin. - R6bur Willd. lanuginosmiiljsxa. inacrocdrpum B. sessile Mart. pcdunculatum M. rotundata III. rntundifolia Lam. rubra L. - 868. taraxai'ifblia B. rugosa Jl'llld. sal/cifblia Hort. - salititolia Willd. - semecarpifblia Sm. sempcrvirens Ban. sericca Willd. serrata T/iunb. sessiliflftra Sal. australis - falkenbergensis - roacrociirpa GENERAL Page Page 899 pubescens - 852 878 sessilis Ehrh. 851 892 sideroxyla Humb.- 900 86-5 Skinneri Beiith. - 1IJ7 864 spicata Humb. 902 860 spicata Sm. - 891 85.5 splendens Willd. - 904 895 squamala Rox. 891 862 stelldta Willd. 865 872 stipularis Humb. - 902 899 stolonifera Lapeyr. 853 1118 Suber L. - - 884 849 angustifolium - 884 849 dentitum - 884 849 latifdlium - 884 851 sundiica Blume - 893 851 Tauzin Pers. 853 849 tinctoria Bart. 871 849 tinctbria Willd. 871 851 angiilbsa Michx. 871 904 sinuosa Michx. - 872 877 tomentosa Dec. 8.53 886 tomentbsa Willd. - 904 877 Tbsa Bosc - 853 877 rournef6rtiiVf\\\A. 855 877 tribuloid'-s Sm. - 915 877 tridens Hmnb. 904 878 triloba Willd. 870 877 turbinata Bl. 898 877 Tiirneri Willd. - 885 877 uliginbsa Wangh. 875 888 urceolaris Hook. - 898 896 veluthia Lain. 871 896 velutlna Lindl. 892 851 viminalis Bosc 889 889 virens Ait. - 886 867 virginidna Pluk. - 871 866 virginidna Pluk. - 876 866 xalapeusis Humb. 898 866 Quicken Tree 439 867 Quickset - 375 867 Quince - - - 450 868 Raisin Berberry - 49 866 Ranunculacese 2. nil 866 Raspberry 312 866 Red Bay - 083 867 Red Cedar - 1084 868 Red Maple - 91 894 Red Boot 180 883 Rest/iarrow - 229 898 RclaniUa Brong. - 179 884 E'phedra Brong. - 179 885 Rhamnacese - 167. 1113 885 Rhamniis - 170. 1113 8.52 Alaternus L. 171 S02 angustifolia 171 877 balearica H. Par. 171 849 f61iis argenteis - 172 1118 aiireis 172 898 maculatis 171 849 hispanica H. Par 171 857 alnif olius VHer. - 175 851 franguloides Dec. 175 891 alnifblius Pursh - 178 900 alpinus L. - 175 902 grandifblius 176 849 \ amygdalinus Desf. 178 851 burgundiacus H. P. 172 .8.52 buxilolius Poir. - 173 8.52 buxif olius Brot. - 173 851 californii'us t^sch. 178 849 cardiospermiis Will . 173 895 carolinianus Walt. 176 889 carpinijblius Pall. 726 1118 catharticus L. 172 Ills Cliisii Willd. 171 904 croceus A'««. 178 851 daliLiricus Pall. - 174 904 E'phedra Domb. - 179 893 Erytliroxylon P. - 174 886 angustissimum Dc. 174 | 877 ferrugineus Nuit. 178 893 Frangula L. - 177 851 angustifblia Hort . 177 852 franguloides Mx. - 175 852 hyliridus L'Hir. - 172 852 inrect6rius L. 173 INDEX. lanceoiatus Pursh latlfblius L'Herit. laurifblius A'?<« - longifolius Mill. D. lycidides L. - lycibtdes Pall. Fl. R. Lycium Scop. oleifblius Hook. - Paliilrus L. - parvifolius Tor. SfG. persicif 61ius Bert. penfaphyllus Jacq. prunifblius Sm. - prunifblius Booth 11 pubescens Sibth. - piimilus L. - Purshianus Dec. - rotundifblius Dum. rupestris Scop. Carn. saxatilis L. - scmpervirens Hort. ■Sibthorpi^nus Schul. siculus L. Syst. - texensis Tor- S; Gr. tinctbrius Wuldst. ulmoidcs Guldens. umbellatus Cav. - volubilis L. fil. Wicklius Jacq. - U Zixyphus L. Rhododendron L. - anthopbgon Don - arborescens T. arbbreum Sm. veniistum D. Don aromdticum Wall. axalebides Desf. - bicolor i). Don calendulaceum Torr. fulgidum Hook. lepidum But. R. Morterii Su't. - campanul?itum D. D. camtschaticum P. canescens G. Don catawbieiise Mx. - Russellicinum - tigrinum Hort. - cancasicum Pall. - Nobleanum Hort. pulcherrimum L. stramineum Hook. Cham^cistus L. - chrysanthemum L. daClrJcum L.- atrovirens Ker - ferrugineum Andr. album Lodd. Cat. minus Pers. flavum G. Don ^ - frdgrans Hort. glaucum D. Don - hirsutum L.- variegatum lilspidum T. - hybridum Lod. Cat. lapponicum Wahl. lepidbtum Wall. - macrophyllnm D. D. maximum L. album Pursh purpiireum Ph. minus Mx. - nitidum T. - nuditlbrum Torr. - album D. Don - carneum D. Don cocclneum D. Don eximium D. Don Govenianum D. D. paiiilionkceum - partUum D. Don poly&ndrum Don riibrum Loil. B. C. rCitilans D. Don Seymouri B. R. scihtillans B. R. Page Pag= 178 thyrsiflbrum B. R . 594 177 officinale Salisb. 587 178 polifblium Scop. - 561 173 ponticum L. 584 174 azaleoides - .584 174 fragrans Chandlci 5«5 173 Lbwii G. M. - 5^4 178 macrophyllum Lo . 5>6 168 myrtit'blium Lod. 5.-!4 178 obtusum Wats. - 5M 178 Smithii Svt. 584 622 snbdeciduum 584 178 punctatum Andr. - 588 113 m&jus Ker - 588 178 minus Wats. 588 176 purpdreum G Don 586 178 Purshii G. Don - 586 171 Rhodura G. Don - 598 176 setbsum D. Don - 589 173 specibsum Don - 597 172 viscbsum Torr. 596 178 ornatum Swt. - 596 622 Rhodbrea; 583 178 Rhodora Lin. Sp. - 598 173 canadensis L. Sp. 598 726 Rhus L.- 186 178 aromaticum Ait. - 191 170 cacodendron Ehrh 145 113 canadensis Marsh. 191 167 carolinidnum Mill. 188 .583 copalllna L. - ISO 590 leucantha Jacq. 190 598 Coriaria L. - 189 590 C5tinus L. - 187 590 diversiloba Tor. - 192 590 elegans Ait. - 188 584 glabra Willd. Sp. ls8 .594 glabra L. 1S8 595 coccinea - 188 595 dioica 188 595 hermaphrodita - 188 595 hypselodendron M. 145 589 liibdtn Hook. 192 591 laiirina A'ult. 192 595 myrtijolia he'lgica B .934 586 obscuru7ft Bieb. 743 587 piimila Mx. - )92 587 rarticans L. - 190 587 sinense Ellis 145 .588 suaveolens Ait. - 191 587 sylvestris Park. - 934 587 altera Dalech. 934 .592 Toxicodendron 7,.- 190 .587 microcarpon T.G. 191) 591 quercifolium T.G 190 591 radicans T ^y G. 199 588 vulgdre Mx. - 69 191 588 quercifbliaMx. 190 588 radicans Tor. - 190 592 7>iicrocdrpon M. 191 585 trilobata Nutt. - 192 596 trifolidta L. Cat. - 191 588 typhina L. - 187 589 arborescens 188 597 friitescens - IsS 585 viridiflbra - 188 590 venenata Dec. 189 591 vernix Lin. Sp. - 189 589 virginidna Bauh. - 188 585 viridiflbra Poir. - 188 586 Ribes L. - 468. 1116 586 acirrinium Roch. 479 588 aciculare Sm. 472 697 acuminatum W. - 479 592 ajfine Doug. 482 593 albinervum Mx. - 479 593 alpinum Delarb. - 478 593 alpinum Sievers - 475 594 alpinum L. - 477 .593 bacciferum Wallr 478 593 fbliis varieg^tis - 478 593 pumiliim Lindl. 478 •593 sterile Wallr. - 477 .594 altdicum Lod. Cat. 481 593 americdnum Mill. 482 594 angustiim Dougl. - 486 594 armdtutn Hort. - 476 Page atro-purpiirc-um M. 487 afirfum C'olla - IMS aureum Ker - 488 aureum Ph. - - 487 prce'cox Lindl. - 487 sanguineum Lind. 4S8 serotiaum Lindl. 48S vill6sum Dec. - 488 bracteosum Dougl. 483 campanuldlum H. 482 canadensc Lod. - 482 carpathicum Kit. - 479 cereum Dougl. - 485 Cynosbati L. - 471 fnictu aculeato - 471 fructu glibro - 471 Diacantha L.JU. - 475 dioica Masters - 477 dioica INIoench - 477 divaricitum D. - 471 ecliindrlum Doug. 476 firojc Sm. - - 475 flivam Coll. - - 488 flavutn Berl. - 488 fioriiUim L'Her. - 481 grandiflirura H. 482 parviflorum Hort. 482 fragrans L. B. Cab. 487 fuclisibides Dec. - 474 glacaie JFall. - 484 glandutbsum Ait. - 482 glandulbsum R. & P. 482 glutinbsum Benth. 486 gracile ilz. - - 472 Grossularia L. - 47.3 Besseriana Brrl. 473 bracte^ta Berl. - 473 )ilmalay&.na - 473 macrocarpa Dec. 473 reclinita Berl. - 473 spinoslssima Berl. 473 subinermis .Bo-/. 473 U va-crispa Sm. 473 heteritrichum Met/. 483 himiilnyiinus Koyle 473 hirtellum Mx. - 472 hudsonianura Rick. 484 hybridu7n Bess. - 473 iiiebrlans Lindl. - 485 irrisuum Doug. - 472 lacustre /'oiV. - 476 oxyacanthoides - 476 laxijibrtcm Ph. - 482 longiflbrum Fraser 488 viajus Hort. - 470 malvaceum Benth. 486 Menziesii Pli. - ilb niicrophi?lla/r.B.X. 475 missouriensis Hort. 488 multifl6rum Kit. - 479 nigrum L. • - 480 bacca fiavida H. 481 bacca viride Hort. 481 fbliis varieg. V. - 481 nigriitn L. Sp. - 481 n'lveum Lindl - 470 orientale Pair. - 475 orientate Catros - 482 oxyacanthoides L. 469 palmatum Desf. - 487 palmiittim Desf. - 488 petmsylvanicum C. 482 pemtst/lvdnicitnt - 481 petiniare Dougl. - 484 petrae'um IV. - 478 polycdrpon Gmel. 482 procumbens Pall. 482 prostratum L. - 482 laxiflorum - 482 punctitum R. Sf P. 482 recUnatum L. Sp. 473 reclindtum Hort, - 482 recurvatum Mx. - 481 resinusum Ph. - 482 rlgens Mx. - - 482 riibrum Lois. - 477 rQbrum L. - - 477 GENER.\L INDEX. 61bum Desf. Pape 477 viscbsa Vent. Page carneum Berl. - 477 Hock Rose 54 dumesHc.bdc ca rn .477 Rosaceae - 2G1. 1114 ii>\. albo varieg. D 477 Rbsea - - - 321 fol. IClteo varieg. 477 Rbsa Tourn. - 321 hortense Dec. - 477 aciphylla Rau. ■wq sibiricum Oldakei • 477 agrestis Savi aST sylvestre Dec. - 477 alba L. 336 variegituin Dec. 477 alpina L. - - 328 sanguiueum P. 486 alptna (3 Ait. 326 atro-rdbens Hort 486 glabra Desv. 328 glutinbsum 486 l>E\is Ser. 328 malvaceum 486 liE^vis Red. 326 saxatile Pall. 475 liE'vis 328 setbsura Lindl. 470 specibsa Hort. - 328 speci6sum Ph. 474 vulgaris Red. - 328 spicatum R. 478 andegavensis Bat. 339 spicdium Schultes 479 anguiculdta Desf. 333 stumineum Horn. - 470 arvensis Schrank - 339 sta?n/iieum Sm. - 474 arvensis Huds. 344 tauricum Jacq. 1116 ayreslilrea Ser. - 345 tenuiflorum Lindl 488 hybrida. Lindl. R 345 fructu liiteo 488 atrot'/rens Viv. 346 fructu nigro 488 baledrica Desf. 346 triacanthum Menz. 474 Banksia? R. Br. - 349 triacdnlhnm Menz. 474 lutea Tratt. 349 trifidum Mx. 479 Banksidna Abel - 349 triflbrum IV. 470 belgica Brot. 334 triste Pall. - 481 belgica Mill. - 332 U'va crispa CE. 472 ,473 berberi folia Pall. - 352 sat'tva Dec. 473 bengatensis Pers. - 343 sylvestris Berl. - 473 bifera Poir. - 333 viscosissimum Ph. 4b:4 bijibra Krok. 328 vilijblium Hort. - 479 biserrdta Mer. 337 vul^dreVi. Du H. Rihesium Dill. 477 bldnda Brot. 334 481 bland a a. Sol. 326 nigrum, t^rc. Dill. - 481 fiojj-fnSm.E.Fl. 338 Robinia L. - - 233 bractedta Dec. 344 Altagdna Pall. 238 bracleata Wendl. - 323 ambtgua Poir. 236 fibre pleno Hort. 323 angitstifblia Hort. 234 scabricaulis Lindl. 323 Caragdna Lin. Sp. 237 brevistyla Dec. - 344 Chatnldgu L'H. - 241 Brownii Spreng. - 347 dubia Folic. - 236 Brunbnii Lindl. - 347 echindta Mill. Diet. 236 cae^sia Sm. 340 Ji-rox Pall. - 240 calenddrum Munch 332 frutiscens L. Sp. - 239 campauuldta Ehrh 335 grandijibra Bieb. - 241 caruna Dec. - 337 grandiflbra Hort. - 237 canhia Roth 340 glutinbsa Bot. Mag. 235 canlna L. 339 Halodendron L. fil. 242 aciphylla Lindl. 339 hispida L. - 236 ciE'sia Lindl. R. 340 macrophylla Dec. 237 pube.^cens Afz. - 340 nana Dec. - 237 Carolina L. - 326 rbsea Pursh 237 Carolina Ait. 325 hybrida Audib. 236 carolinidna Mx. - 325 inirmis Diun. Cou. 234 caryophyllea Poir. 333 iniermidia Soul.-B. 236 caucasica Pall. 341 jubdta Pall. - 241 centifbl/a Jlill.Dict. 334 macracdntha Lod. 240 centifblia L.- 333 microphylla Pall. - 238 muscbsa Mill. - 334 mollis Bieb. - 239 pompbnia Dec. - 334 montdnci Bartram 235 provincialis Mill. 333 mon/dmt Bartr. 236 cerea Rossig. 338 PseiW-.'Vcacia L - 233 cherokeensis Donn 349 amorphsfolia Lk. 234 chlorophylla Ehrh. 338 cr'ispa Dec. 2.34 cinnambmea Best. 326 fibre lilteo Dum. 234 cinnambmea E. B. 327 inermis Dec. 234 cinnamhmea Roth. 338 latisiliqua Poir. 234 1-ubrifblia Red. - 340 macrophylla i.e. 234 coU'ina Sm. - 344 microphylla L.C. 234 collina Woods 339 monstrbsai. C. 234 coUincola Ehrh. - 327 pendula Ort. 234 corymbijera Gmel. 340 procera Lod. Cat. 234 corymbbsa Bosc - 326 sophorsfMia Lk. 234 cymbsa Tratt. 350 spectabilis Dum. 234 damascena Mill. - 332 stricta Lk. 234 dahurica Pall. 327 tortubsa Dec. 234 Dicksoniana i. - 327 umbraculiferaZ). 234 diffusa Roxb. 346 pygrrue^a L. Sp. 240 diversifblia Vent. - 343 rbsea N. Du Ham 236 diibia Wibel - 336 spinbsa L. Mant. - 240 dumdlis Bechst. - 339 spinosissimn Laxm. 240 dumetbrum Thurl. 340 tomentbsa Fisch. - 239 du}netbrum E. Bot. 338 iragacanthbides P. 240 echindta Dupont - 322 triflbra L'Herit. - 243 Eglanteria Lin. Sp 338 1157 Pas« Eglanteria Mill. - 337 fcccnndissima Munc. 326 fos'lida Herm. - 338 ferox Later. - 322 nitens Lindl. - 322 fldva Don - - 346 florida Poir. - - 346 Forsteri Sm.- - 339 fraxinifblia Bbrk. - 326 francfurtensis Ros. 335 francofortidna Mx. 335 fraxinifblia Dum. 325 frutetcirum Bess. - 327 fdsca Mcench - 344 gallica L. - - 334 glandulifera Roxb. 347 gladca Lois. - 339. 148 glaucescens .Mer. - 339 glaucophylln Eh. 329. 140 glaucophylla Winch 340 glutinbsa Sm. - 339 grandiflbra Lindl. 329 Hdlleri Krok. - 344 helvetica Hall. - 337 hemisphie'rica Her. 329 herpirkodon IChrh. 344 heterophylla Woods 336 hiberniea Sm. - 331 hispida Curt. - 329 holosericea Rossig. 334 himiilis Marsh. - 325 hi'/brida Vill. - 328 hystrix Lindl. - 350 iberica Sm. - - 339 indica L. - - 341 Indica Red. - - 343 acumindta Red. 343 Blalrii D. Don - aJ3 carophyllea Red. 342 cruenta Red. - 342 flavescens - - 343 frdgrans Red. - 342 Fraseriana Hart. 342 Lawrcncedna Rd. 343 longifblia Lindl. 342 Noisettiana Ser. 342 nivea -. - 342 purpurea Red. 342 Sralthii - - 342 ochroleilca B. R. 343 odoratissima Ldl. 342 pannbsa Red. - 342 pbmila Lindl. - 342 rijga Lindl. - 343 inermis Mill. Diet. 328 inodbra - - 338 Involucrata Roxb. - 324 involClta Sm. - 331 kamtschatica Vent. 322 kamtschdlica Red. 322 Klukii Bess. - 339 liEvigdta Mx. - 349 lagendria Vill. - 328 Lawrenceana Swt. 343 leucdntha Bieb. - 341 acutifblia Bast. - »40 Lindhyima Tratt. 324 Lindleyi Spreng. - 326 longifblia Willd. - 342 \\iie/iadtrC> ouan Moiitozuma! Humb. moscliata .1////. fibre pleiio (1. D. nep'ilensis Lindl. nivea Lindl. rbica Sor. - multiflbra Reyn. - raultirtfira Tliunh. BoiirsMultii Hort. Grevillei Hi}rt. - mhttca Fl. Dan. - rayriacantha Dec. - myrtifdlia Hall. - nitens Mer. - nitida JV. nivd/is Donn nivea Dec. - nivea Du|)ont odorathsima Swt. opsonlemma Ehrh. pal&strif: liuchan. pa)-vifoIia Pall. parvifldra E/irk. - fltire pleno Red. pimphieUifblia Bb. platiiphf/Ua Red. - pull) 11 nl has Rossig. pomifera Harm. - pompbnia Bed. provfna'dh^ Bieb. - provincidlis Mill. - punicea Mill. Diet. rdmpans Reyn. Kkpa Bosc - Red/dtii riifescens repnis Gmel. reveisa JV. S( K. - Roxbin-jrhii Hort. - rubella Sm. - rubicfindii Hall. fil. rubilV.lia R. Br. - rubrifolia I'ill. rubiuinb.sa L. micraiithn Ldl. R inorlurn Ldl. Ros. parviflhra Ross. riibra Lam. - lucida Rossig. rupe.stris Crantz - Sabini Woods Sab'mi Lindl. salicifhlia Hort. - sanguisorliil'blia Tion 'i sarineiitacea Strl. scandens Mopnrh scdndens Mill. Diet. ; serapcrflorens Curt, cariica Ross. minima Sims seniperiOr,ns Ross, sempfrvirens L. - Cl-irei plolibxa Red. srdndens Dec. - Russelliana sentichsa .Achar. - stpium T/iuil. sepiuni Borish. sericea IJndl. serpens Rlirh. simpliiifolia Sal. - Sinioa Ait. sinica Lin. Syst. - solslitid/is Bess. - spinosissima L. spin(isissi»/ii Gorter tnarrojthi'/lUi .Sor. vtyriiicantha Ser. sang nisorbifdiia suaveoiens Pnrsh suavifolin Ligiitf. suJlvis Willd. sulpbfirea .iit. Sylvatica Gater. - lylvistris Hem. Dis. GIKNERAL INDEX. Vage Pafie 1 Page 33B systyla Bat. - - 344 rildis W. ^ N. 316 328 ovata Lindl Ros. 344 spectabilis Ph. 316 339 stylbsa Desv. - 344 suberi?ctus Atider. 311 347 taurica Bieb. - 327 tiliaceus Stn. 319 347 teneriffensis Donn 339 trilobus Dec. 1115 .'M8 terrtuta Poir. - 349 trividlis Mx. - 317 348 toment&sa Sm. - 336 virginidnus Hort. 313 348 tonienibsa LindL . 336 Ruscus L. - - 1099 340 trifolidta Bosc - 349 acule^tus L.- 1099 34(; turbinata Ait. - 335 Iftxus Smith 1099 347 francofurtina Ser. 335 rotundifblius - 1099 34 r, orbessana Ser. - 335 angustifblius Tou. 1100 327 tHrgida Pers. - 32,5 Hypoglossum 1100 330 usitaiissima Gat. - 336 hypophyllum L. - 1099 337 vdrians Pohl - 333 trifoliatum 1100 339 villbsai. - - 336 latifblius Tourn. - 1100 32.5 villbsa IChrh. - 336 Idxus Lodd. - 1099 331 vir'^inidna Mill. - 326 racembsus L. 1101 349 Wilsoni Borr. - 331 trifoliatus Mill. - 1100 348 Woodsii Lindl. - 326 Salisbilria Sm. 944 342 Rose - - - 321 adiantifblia Sm. - 945 347 Rose Acacia - - 236 Salicaceae 744 324 Rose Bay - - 584 Salixi.- 744 330 Rose Clare - - 346 acuminata Sm. 773 Sa-") Rose de Meaux - 334 acutifblia Willd. - 748 32G Rosemary - - 672 jegyptlaca L. 789 329 Rosa Ru'^a - - 343 alaternbides F. 769 346 Rose Willow - - 747 alba Koch - 761 333 Rosmar'inum Cam. 603 aiba X. - 761 336 sylvestre Cam. - 603 caeriilea 761 334 officinalis L. - - 672 crispa Hort. 761 .330 ■Rowan Tree - 439 rbsea Lodd. 761 333 Rubiaceae - - .544 alpina Forbes 789 338 RilbusX. - 311. 1114 amb'/gua 768 344 affiriis W. Sj N. - 312 amb'/gua Hook. 769 32.5 bractebsus Ser. - 312 ambfgua Ehrh. 768 32.5 cae'sius L. - - 314 mijor 768 344 arvensis Wallr. 315 spathulata - 768 33f) f6l. varieg. Hort. 315 undulata - 769 346 grandifl6riis Ser. 315 vulgaris 768 331 parvifblius Wallr. i\n a?nerina Walk. 758 340 carpinit'c)liusfr.^Ar.316 Ammanniana 782 340 coll'inus Dec. - 312 amygdalina L. 752 340 cordifhlius D. Don 319 amygdalijia - 751 337 corvlifblins Sm. - 315 amygdalina - 752 337 canus Wallr. - 315 var. Koch - 752 .338 glandulbsus W.- 315 Andersoniana 779 337 corijlUblius Wahl. 311 androgyna Hoppe 752 334 delicibsns Torrey - 319 angustata Pursh - 764 324 diversifblins Lindl. 316 angustif blia Borr. 766 328 dincrsifblins Weih. 316 angnslifblia Poir. 771 332 ec/iind/ns Lindl. - 316 aymuldris Forbes - 7.58 332 Jiagelldris Willd. - 317 Ansoniana F. 779 342 frumbccsidnus Lam. 313 appendiciildta Fl. D .770 329 fruticbsus L. - 316 aquatica Smith 776 .340 f61. variegatis - 317 ardbica, S;c. Bauh. 757 344 fl. rbsco-pleno B. 317 arbiiscula Sm. 766 346 leucorarpiis Ser. 317 arbHscula Wahlen. 781 343 pomp6nius Ser. - 316 arbfiscula Wahl. - 783 341 tailrirus Hort. - 317 arbdscula Wahl. - ■^so 343 fiisco-Mer W. S; N. 31G arbutifblia Willd. 787 344 glandulnsus Sm. - 316 arenaria L. - 771 345 glandulbsus Spreng. 315 arcndria Fl. Dan. 770 346 hlspidus L. - - 317 argentea 767 346 ida!~us L. - - 313 atropurpilrea 778 346 fr&ctu n'/aio Dill. 313 atrovirens Forbes - 782 346 microphyllus Wal. 313 .aurita L. 776 339 japdniciis L. Mant. 298 australis Forbes - 778 337 Kb'lileri W. S( N. - 316 babyliinici - 757 340 laciiii^tus W. - 314 crispa Hort. 758 344 lasiocarpus Roi/le - 1115 Napolebna - 758 ,344 macropetalus Doug. 319 vulgaris t'oe'm. H 758 3.52 m,acrnpliylliisrKJS-iV.316 berberilblia Pall.- 790 349 micrantlnis D. Don 312 betulit'blia Forbes 787 .341 nessSnsis Hall. - 311 bicoloy Hook. 781 340 nitidits Sm. - - 312 bicolor Sm. - 783 330 iiurk&nus Moc. - 318 blcolor Ehrh. 784 327 occidentalis L. - 313 bigi'mniis Hoffm. - 749 329 ocidentdlis Hort. 317 Bonplandiana 764 330 odoratus L. - - 317 Borreriana S>n. - 783 329 odordlus Hort. - 318 ccerhlea Sm. - 761 339 panciflbrns Lindl. 312 cje^sia /'///. - 785 337 pdllidus W. cS: N. - 316 Candida Willd. 771 328 pliedlns W. &• N. - 311 canescens Willd. - 771 329 ;;/«■«/«,•.■ Bor. E B. S.312 c^prea L. - - 776 334 prociimbens Miihl. 317 carinata Smith 785 344 rubifblius Willd. - 316 carolinidita M.\. - 768 Pagt carpinifblia Sch. - 77'* cinirea Host 749 cinerea L. - - 77r cinerea var. - 77> couformis Forbes - 764 cord^lta MUhlen. - 766 cordif blia Pursh - 788 coriacea Forbes 778 cotinifblia Sm. 778 crassif blia Forbes - 778 crispa Forbes 776 Croweaiia Smith - 784 cuspiddta Sch. 754 damascena F. 779 damascenifblia Auc .779 daphnbides I'ill. - 749 Davalliana Sm. 783 decipiens Hojfm. - 758 deciimbens Forbes 766 Dicksouiana Sm. - 785 discolor Miihl. 764 Doniana Stnilh 768 dura Forbes - 779 Elirhartidna Sm. - 754 elaeagnbides Sch. - 770 ilegans Bess. 786 fce'tida Sm. - 767 falcata Pursh 765 ferruginea And. - 773 finmarchica W. 769 firma Forbes 779 fissa Lin. Soc. 748 floribiinda Forbes 784 Forbesiana - 783 Forbesit Swt. 754 Forbyana Sm. 748 Forsteri&na Sm. - 779 fragilis Koch 758 759 friigilis L. - 759 fragilis Woods 760 lusca L. - - 767 argentea - 767 fce'tida 767 incubScea - 767 prostr&ta • 767 repens 767 vulgaris 767 fuscata Pursh 766 gemliiata Forbes - 776 glauca L. - - 770 glaUca Koch - 770 grisea Willd. 765 grisea Willd. 765 subglabrdia Koch 765 grisonensis F. 782 grisophvlla F. 778 hastdtn'WiUd. 789 hastata L. - - 788 arbuscula - 789 malilbiia - 789 sprrulilta - 789 helix L. 747 helvetica Forbes - 779 herbacea L. - 788 heterophylla Host 783 hexdndra Ehrh. - 754 hippophaefblia Lod 76.5 hippophaefblia T- 751 hirta Smith - 778 hirta Forbes 778 Hoffraanniana S. - 752 holoserfcea Hk. - 772 Houstonii~ina P. - 765 Humboldtiana 764 hiimilis Schl. 783 incJina Schr.'- 771 var. linearis Bor. 772 incanescens V Sc. - 773 inctthdcra 767 Kitaibeliana W. - 787 lacuitris Forbes - 77S IcE^vis Honk.- 787 Lamberti;\na Sm. - 747 lanata L. - - 789 ianceolitta Sm. 749 lanceolata Ser. 772 Lappbuum L. 770 latiffilia Forbes laiirina Siiiilli laiHindiiUeJ ulia Lap. laxidora Borr. linearis Forbes lougil61ia Lam. - IClcida Miihlcnb. - L.y6nii ? Sclil. macrostipulacea - Mej-eriana IViUd. - Miclieliana Forbes mollissima Ehrk. - moiidndra Sal.Wob. var. Hoffai. nionspelicnsis F. - montana Forbes - Mulilenbergiana - niutabilis Forbes - JMjTsinites L. ilijrsin'ites /3 Sm. - myrtillciides L. 7>it/rtilloides VVilld. nigra MU/il. - nigricans Smith - nitens Anders. obovata Pursh obtiisildlia JVil/d. oleitolia Smith oppositifblia Host orientdlis, S;c. Tour, pallida Forbes pannosa Forbes patens Forbes pedicel iaris Ph. - penduln Ser. pennsylvanica T. - pentditdra Koch - pen'drtdra Walt. - peutuuiira ji Lin. - peiitSndra L. herniapiiroditica petiolaris Smith - petra?"a Ander. pliiliyreifblia B. - phylicifblia Lin. - phi/licifulia Lin. - phylicifblia (i Lin. var. Koch - var. Koch - P'Cla Schl. - pianifolia Ph. polaris Wahlcnb. - pouieranica Willd. Pomederana W. - Pouledirce Bell. - prte'cox Hoppe prinoides Pursh - procumhens For. - pranifblia Koch - pruuif blia Smith - proptndens Sering. propmqua Bor. prostrdta .Sra. proslrdta Ehrh. - protesfEilia Sch. - jiurpurea L. - purpurea Koch - purpurea fi Koch - purpurea var. Koch Purshiana Bor. jiyrenaica Gou. radlcans Smith ramifiisca Forbes - reflexa Forbes repeiis Lin. - ripens Hook. repeus Koch reticulata L, retusa L. reliisa Koch retusa With, rigida Mdhl. - ripdria Willd. rivul^ris Fio-b. rosmarinifolia L. • ro-imnriftifblia G. rosmarinifblia K. GENERAL INDEX. Page Page Page 77G a Koch 666 monstrbsa - 514 7«3 rotundata Irb. 779 rotundiffilia 514 .771 roltiudijulia Hort. 779 virescens Dec. - 514 782 riibi-a Huds. - 748 pubescens Lo. C. - 516 772 rubra Koch 748 pCibens M.r. - 516 772 rubc7is Schr. 760 heptaphylla i/ooAr. 516 7^14 rupestris Don 711 racembsa Hook. - 516 76.5 Russelliina Sm. - 760 racemOsa L. 515 773 Schleiclierikna. 782 laciniata Koch - 515 7.54 sericea Villars 770 SanamiiJida Bauh. - 689 772 serpy/lifblia .lacq. 787 glabra Bauh. 689 772 serpylliYdlia Sco. - 787 Santalacea; - 693 747 .Sniithi&na fl'illd. - 772- Santolina Tourn. - 548 747 surdiiia Forb. 782 ChanifecyparissusL. 549 700 spadicea Vill. 778 rosmarinilOlia L. - 549 759 sphacelata Sm. 777 squarrbsa IV. 549 766 spalhutdta Willd. - 768 viridis IV. - 549 776 spnthnldta Willd. - 76.1 Sapindacese - 134 787 var. uuduldta Mert . 769 Sapindus L. fil. 135 787 stipularis Smith - 772 chinensis L, fil. 135 786 strcpida Forb. 782 SapotaceiE 622 785 Stuartiana Sm. 771 Sarothdmnus patens 219 7ti3 subalpina F. - 771 Sarsaparilla - 1095 778 . tenuil'6lia L.- 781 Sassafras 6S3 784 tcnuijblia Eng. B. 781 Savin 1085 771 tenuijblia Sm. 784 Saxifrkgea? - 492 771 tenCiior Borrer 782 Scampston Elm 723 776 tetrandraWxWd. - 754 Schinus R. Rep. 193 747 tetrapla Smith 783 de7itdta R. Rep. - 193 7S7 tetrasperma H. - 790 dependens Ort. 192 773 tijictbria Sm. 7.54 Schmdlxia Desv. - 191 773 tridndra Hoff. 752 Schubertia Mirb. - 1078 7S3 tridndra Vill. 752 disticha Wirb. 1078 786 triandra h. - 751 Scorpius Mcench - 207 760 gallica 752 spinbsus Moench - 207 766 Hoppeana - triandra undulata 7.52 Scotch- Elm - 720 7.54 752 Scotch Fir 951 768 tristts Lodd. - 765 Scotch Laburnum - 215 754 ulmilolia Forbes - 790 Scotch Pine - 951 754 undulata Koch 749 Scotch Rose - 330 754 lanceolata .SV«. - 751 Sea Buckthorn 698 765 undul&.ta Forbes 751 Sea Grape 937 781 U'va-ursi Pursh - 787 Sea Purslane - 676 784 vacciinifolia IV. - 785 Sea Ragwort - 551 783 vaudensis For. 778 Senecio Less. 550 779 venul&sa Smith - 785 arborescens H. K. 547 778 versicolor F. 769 Cineraria Dec. 551 778 versifblia Sering. - 768 Sescli Bauh. - 495 779 Villarsiana FlUg. - 752 cEthiopicum Bauh. 4!i5 778 villOsa Forbes 790 friitex Mor. - 495 786 viminalis Vill. 771 Seven Sisters Rose 346 788 viminalis L. - 772 Shell Bark Hickory 739 749 vio/dcea Andr. 748 Shepherdia l^utt. - 710 773 virescens Forbes - 765 argentea Nutt. 700 773 virgata Forbes 765 canadensis Nutt. - 703 749 viridis Fries 760 Shrubby Horsetail 937 764 vitellina L. - 763 Shrubby Trefoil 143 .319 787 vulgaris Clayt. 768 Siberian C^'ab 426 785 Waldsteiniana W. 771 Siberian Pea Tree - 237 785 Weigeliana Bor. - 783 Siberian Stone Pine 1016 757 Willdenoviana 77:5 Sider6xylon Rcem. 622 781 "Woolgariana Bor. 717 chrysophijUbides Mx .624 767 Wull'eniana S?;j. - 783 liB-ve Walt. - 623 785 Sallow - - . 773 lanuginbsum Mx. - 624 769 Sallow Thorn 698 lycibides Du PL - 623 746 Sals61a Bieb. - 675 recliudtuin Mx. - 623 746 frutic6sa Bieb. 675 sericeum Walt. 624 747 fruticbsa Lin. 675 spinbsum L. - 622 747 Salvia Z. 673 tenax L. Mant. 624 761 officinalis L. 673 ii'nax W^alt. - 624 771 Salt Tree 242 Siliqudslrztm Mcench 2.57 783 Sallzwedclia Fl.W'ett 211 orbiculdtnm Mocncl 257 783 sagittdlis Fl.Wett. 211 corddtum Mcench - 258 765 Samarian Elm 143 Silver Fir 1036 767 Sanibilcea; - 513. 1116 Sir C. Wager's Maple 90 767 Sambilcus Tourn. - 513 Sloe Thorn - 271 767 aqudtica Bauh. - 522 SmiliceEE 1093 769 catinileusis L. 515 Smilax L. 1094 787 ceriuni Tabern. - 515 alba Pursh - 1098 787 lacinidta Mill. 514 alpina W. 1098 787 monstrbsa Hort. - 514 altera Plum. 1096 764 montana Cam. 515 dspera Alp. - 1094 771 nigra L. - 513 aspera L. - • 1094 778 ib\. argenteis 514 auriculita Ait. - 1094 766 lOteis 514 mauritanica 1094 771 laciniata - 514 dspera minor Plum. 1096 706 leucocarpa 514 aspera var. La7H. - 1095 1159 * P.1K« B6na-n6x \. - 1097 Bbna-nox .Jx. - 1095 Brybnicc nigrts Cat. 1096 cadicai. - - 1097 catalonica Pair. - 1098 China L. - - 1096 China Walt. - - 1095 excelsa L. - - 1094 glauca Sims - 1097 glaiiea Mx. - - 1095 hastata JVilld. - 1095 lanceolata Arb.B. 1095 horrida Desf. - 1096 la; vis Catesb. - 1096 lanceolata L. - 1098 latifolia B. Br. - 1097 laurifblial,. - - 1096 longijblia Wats. - 1095 maciophylla lioxb. 1098 maculita yio.r6. - 1096 niauritdnica Poir. 1094 nigra W. - - 1098 non-spinbsa (at. - 1098 orientdlis Tourn. - 1094 ovata Pursh - - 1098 pandurata ftij-sA - 1098 peruviana Sarsap. 1095 pubera Willd. - 1098 pkmila Walt. - 1098 quadrangularis - 1097 rotundifolia L. - 1096 rabeiis Wati. - 1094 Sarsaparilla L. - 1095 tanmoides L. - 1096 varicgdta Walt. - 1096 Villandsia/7«(«. - 1098 virginiana Mill. - 1098 Walterii Pursh - 109.' Watsoni Swt. - 109; Snake-barked Maple 81 Snowball Tree - 523 Snowdrop Tree - 620 Snowberry - - 642 Snowy Mespilus - 412 Solan^ces - - 1117 Solanum Tourn. - 663 crispum R.et S. - 664 Dulcamara L - 664 violacea H.Eyst. - 664 alba Lin. - - 664 carnea Cels. - 664 plena Tourn. - 664 variegita Munt. - 664 hirsCita Don - 664 rupestris Schmidt - 6G4 littordle Hort. - 664 , scdndeiis Neck. - 664 .Sophbra R.Br. 195. 1114 heptaphylla L. - 197 japonica/.. - - 196 grandiflbra - 1114 pendula i/ort. 196 pubescens B. - 1114 variegata i^o?-/. - 196 sinica Kosser LP. 196 Sd)-6«x Crantz - 412 Amcldnchicr Crautz 412 americdnaVh. 192.440 a7nericdna 0 Mx. - 440 A\ia Crantz - 432 aucupdria L. Sp. 439 aucupdria « Mx. - 441 auriculdta Pers. - 438 Chama'mespilus C. 449 domestica L. - ii'i hybrida L. - - 438 hybrida pendula L. 439 lanuginosa Kit. - 443 latijblia Pers. - 434 micrdnlha Dum. - 441 microcarpa Ph. - 441 spuria Pers. - - 444 tormiyidlis Crantz 436 veslita Lodd. Cat. - 435 Southernwood - 550 South Sea Tree - 162 Spanish Broom - 202 1160 GENERAL INDEX. Pase Spanish Chestnut - 912 Spanish Furze - 207 Spartiunthiis Moench 202 JUnceus Mccnch - 202 Spartium Dec. - 202 acutifolinm Lindl. 202 cElnhise Biv. - 209 album Desf. - 213 aphyllum L. fil. - 208 cauitalum Cav. - 205 complicalum G. - 228 ct)in}}licalunt Lois.- 228 (tispernium Mcench 213 gi-anilifloni/n Brot. 219 horridnm Vahl - 20f) intcrruptnm Cav. - 20() juiiceum h. - - 202 fldre pleno - 202 odoratlssimum - 202 lanigerum Desf. - 221 monospermuin L. 208 mnUiflorum Ait. - 213. odorntissimum D.D. 202 ■pariiifiuruni Vent. 203 prt?c?i.v Lin. Sys. - 219 patens Cav. - - 204 proclimbens 3 acq. - 212 purgans L. Sys. - 208 radiatum L. Sp. - 20.5 Sc iparium h. Sp.- 219 Scdrpius L. Sp. - 20G sphcerucarpon L. - 209 spinbsiim L. Sp. - 220 trisper/num Sm. - 209 umhei/atuin Desf. 20.5 villbsnin Brot. - 221 Spindle Tree - - 149 Spira;eiE- - 297. 1114 S|.ira?"a /,. - 299. 1114 acutif^lia Lod. Cull. 304 acuiifblia Willd. - 304 adiantif61ia Horl. - 306 alba Ehrh. - - 307 a//)es<>-M Don's Mill. 307 alpina Lod. Call. - 304 alpina Pali. - - 303 alpi/in Hort. Par. 301 lalifulia - - 30.3 altiiica Pall. - - 309 aliaicensis I..ax. - 309 ambigua Pall. - 304 aqiiilegijolia Pall.- 30.5 aria^folia Smith - 309 argentea Hort. - 30.5 argentea Lod. Coll. 304 bella Sims - - 300 betula!ft)lia £orf. - 303 bctu!a?f6lia P. - 302 cana W. et K. - 302 canadensis - - 30H c mescens Don - 30,5 cantoniensis Lour. 300 capitata Ph. - - 300 carpinifblia - - 302 carpiiiitVilia - - 308 carpinifulia Willd. 307 ceanotliifolia Hort. 305 chamaHliif()lia - 308 cliamtelia Jacq. 301 chamffidri'fdlia L. - 300 inL'lsa Hort. - ,301 Infifblia Hort. - 301 media Ph. - - 300 ol)longif6liaC. M. 301 subraeem6sa Ser. 301 vul','aris C. .1/. - 300 crata-gifiMia /,. - 302 cratiPgifblia I 'a. - 302 crenata in Litt. - 304 crenafa L. - - 303 crenata L. Sp. - 304 crenata Pall. - 304 corynibbsa Ilatin. - 302 soroiia - - 306 cuno.-.ta Lnd. Coll. 304 cuneilolia Wall. - 305 Page dailrica Hort. - 302 decumbens Ld. Coll. 304 Douglasii Hook - 308 (issfi Lindl. - - 1114 flexubsa Fis. - - 301 latifolia Hort. - 302 fritte.v Hort. - - 307 grandiflbra Lod. - 308 grandiflbra Swt. - 309 hypericifblia C. M. 303 hi/pericifblia L. Sp. 304 hypericifolia Dec. 303 acuta Ser. - - 304 Besseriana Ser. - 304 crenita Ser. - 304 flciva longifblia Ld.304 PlukenetiAna Ser. 304 savranica Ser. - 304 uralensis Ser. - 303 incarnata - - 308 inflexa //. S.G. - 304 japduica Camb. - 29S lanceolata Pom-. - 1114 laciniata - - 308 laevigata L. - j 309 lanceolata - . 308 laxi(16ra Lindl. - 300 Lindleyana (Fa//. - 310 Menziesii Hook - 308 monogyna Torrey 300 nana Lod. Coll. - 304 oblongifblia W.etK. 30] obovaia Raf. - - 307 obovata W. et K. - 304 obovita Wcndl. - 304 opulift)lia L.- - 299 mon('igyna - - 300 tomentella S(?>-. - .300 var. Hook - - 300 Pallasii Don's Mill. .309 pikowiensis Pes. - 305 pinnhta Mcench - 309 RceiH'siclna Mort. - 1114 reflexa - - . 308 rotundifblia Lindl. 1114 salicifolia L. - 307 alptstris Pall. - 307 carnea Ail. - 307 grandiflfjra - 308 latifolia IVilld. - 307 panicul^ta JVilld. 307 taurica - - 308 savranica Bess. - 304 sibirica Hort. - 301 sibirica Hort. Par. 304 sorbif6Iia L. - 309 alpina Pall. . - 309 sorbria Pen. - - 30fi taii.rica Hort. . 308 thalictrciides Pall. 30.5 tomentosa L. - 308 trilobata L. - - 303 triloba Don's Mill. 303 ulmijhlia - - 302 ulmifftlia Scop. - 301 phylliintha Ser. - 301 urtica!f61ia - - 308 vacciniifdiia D. Don 300 Sponia H. et B. - 1117 canescens H. Sf B. 1117 Spurge Laurel - 088 Spruce Fir - - 102.5 StiEbelina X. - - .540 dijoia L. - - 540 rosmarinifulia Cass. .546 Staff Tree - - )51 Stag's-horn Sumach 1,87 Staphyloiceae - - 147 Staphyleai. - - 147 pinni'^ta i. - - 148 trif^liai. - - 148 Staplii/lodi-ndron Ray 148 pinnatiim Rav - 148 Star of Bethle/icm - 74 StaurncHnthus Lk. 202 aphi/llus Lk. - 202 Page Stereoxylon R. & P. 491 pulverulenluin 491 resinbsuin R. iS: P. 491 rubriim R. ,& P. - 490 Stewdrtia Mill. - 7l Malachodendron 71 . 72 Stinking Cedar - 944 Stillingia Gard. - 702 ligustrina lynid. - 702 St. John's Wort - 74 Stonecrop Tree - 975 Stone Pine - - 665 Storax - - - 618 Stranvs^sia Lindl. - 403 glaucescens Lindl. 403 Strawberry Tree - .573 St. Peter's Wort - 541 Stuartia CaiK - - 72 marilandica B. Rep. 72 pentdgyna L'Herit. 7l virginica Cav. - 72 Stamp 'Free - - 255 Styracoffi - - 618 Sty rax i. - - 618 A'ceris folio Ray - 932 atnericdnutn Lam. 619 glabrum Cav. - 619 grandiflbrum Mx. 618 grandifolium Ait. - 618 lie\'e Walt. - - 619 laevig^tum Ait. - 619 hevi^gcLtiimfiol. Mg. 619 octdndrum L'Her. 619 ofricina.le L.- - 618 officinale Walt. - 618 pulverulentum iLx. 619 Suaeda Pall. - - 675 microphylla Pall. - 675 Siiber Bauh. - - 884 latifblium Bauh. - 884 angustifbliuni Bauh. 884 Sugar Maple - - 85 Sumach - - - 186 Sun Rose - - 58 Supplejack - - 170 Sweet Almond - 264 Sweet Bay - - 081 Street Briar - - 337 Sweet Chestnut - 912 Sweet Gale - - 934 Sycamore - - 86 Syr amor e - - 931 Symphbria Pers. - 54] conglomerhta Pers. 541 elongdta Presl - 542 glaucescens D.'s M. ,542 glomerata Ph. - .542 hetrrophylla Presl 542 leucocdrpa Hort. - 542 monldna Spr. -' 542 racrmosa Ph. - 542 Symphoriciirpos Dill. .541 montfinus Hiimb. - .542 occidentilli.s Rich. 642 parviflbrus Desf. - 542 puniceus Swt. - 536 racemosus Mx. - 541 vulgaris Mx. - 641 f61. variegitis - 542 SyringecB - - 635 Si/ringa - - - 460 Syrlnga Z. - - 635 capitata Gmel. - 637 chinensis Willd. - 637 diibia Pers. - - 637 Em6di IVall. - 638 indica TVatl.- - 1117 Josika;^a Jacq. - 637 7ncdia Dum. - - 637 inodbra Mcencli - 461 persica L. - - 037 alba Lodd. Cat. - 637 laciniiMa Lod. C. 637 salvif6lia Lud. C. (;37 plena L. C. - - 036 sibirica Hort. - 637 PaK* rothomag^nsis Ecn 637 sanguinea Hort. 638 vulgJlris L. - - 636 alba - - - 636 alba mkjor L. C. 636 alba plena - - 636 caerulea Clus. - 636 rubra L. C. - 636 rilbra major L.C. 636 violacea Cart. - 603 Tacamaha? Tree - 830 Taraaricacete - - 4.58 Tamariscus W\. - 4-58 decdndrus Lam. - 459 gulticus All. - - 458 gerrndnicus Lob. - 459 pentdndrus Lam. - 458 Tamarix Drsv. - 458 dahurica W. - - 459 dccdndra Moench - 459 gallica L. - - 458 gertndnica L. Sp. 459 narbonensis Lob. - 458 Tamari.sk - - 458 Tart. Honeysuckle- .5,33 Taxa.cea; - - 938 Taxus L. - - 939 baccatai. - - 939 erecta - - 940 fastigiata - - 939 fbliis variegatis L. 940 fructu liiteo - 940 minor Michx. - 942 proctimbens - 940 sparsiff)lia Hort. 040 canadensis W. - 942 fastigiata Lindl. - 939 glob'6sa Schl. - 942 Harringtonia Kn. 942 hibernica Hook - 939 Inukaja Knight - 942 Lambertidna Wall. 1052 Mackiyi Pm. JVob. 942 macruphylla Thunb.942 muntdna Nutt. - 944 procHmbens Lod. - 940 ■Paxodium R. - 1077 distichum Rich. - 1078 excelsum Booth 1078 nutans - - 1078 patens Ait. - 1078 pendulum - 1078 sinsnse - - 1078 pendulum Loud. 1078 sempervirensiajK. 1080 sinense Nois. - 1078 penddlam - - 1078 Tea-scented Rose - 342 Tecoma Jitss. - 601 granditliira Sivt. - 001 radicans Juss. - 661 miljor Hort. - 601 Tcnoria Spreng. - 495 truticbsa Sjireng. - 495 Terebinthtis Tourn. 185 vulgaris Tourn. - 185 Ternstromiarese - 71 ThermopsisD. Don 199 laburnifblia D. Don 199 Thorns . - - 3.53 Thortii/ Acacia - 250 ThCljai. - - 1068 chilensis Lamb. - 1070 cupressciides L. - 1071 dolabrata /,. - 1071 filiformis Lod. - 1071 occidentklis L. - 1068 fbliis variegatis - 1009 variegata Marsh. 1069 orientalis L. - 1070 stricta Hort. - 1070 tatarica Lod. - 1070 pendula Lamb, - 1071 pensilis L. - - 1071 plicata Don - - 1069 pyramiddlis Baum. 1070 GENERAL INDEX. IJOI PaKe sphceroidilis Rich. 1074 tatarica Lod. - 1070 Theophrasti Bauh. lOOH Wnreana Booth - 1070 Tliymelaceee 686.1117 T/iyi/itiie'a Gron. V. G\)-> Laureo/a Scop. - 6H8 T/ii/rsaut/ius KUiot 249 j'rutescais Elliot - 249 Tigarea Pli. - - 297 tridentata Ph. - 297 Tiliaces - - 63 Tiliai. - - 6:5 alba /r. 4" A'. - 67 alba M.\. - - 69 americdna Du Roi 67 americSna L. - 68 alba - - - 69 heterophylla - 69 pubescens - - 69 argt'ntea Desf. - 67 argentea - - 67 asplt'nijblia ndva H. 6.') canadensis Mx. - 68 cayolinidyia Wang. 68 a/rai'/iiui U.K. - 66 Cordelia Mill. - 64 cordifulia Bess. - 64 ciirinthiaca Bosc - 66 corylifblia - - 67 europae'a L. - - 63 europs'a Sm. - 67 europie'a Desf. - 64 boredlis Walil. • 03 grandifOilia - 64 aurea - - 66 intermedia - 65 laciiiiita - - 6n parvifolia - - 64 aurea - - 66 riibra - - 66 graiidiftlia Sm. - 67 grandifolia - - 64 grandijhlia S^m . E . Fl. 66 glabra Vent, Dec. 6S heterophylla Vent. 69 intermedia - - 67 intermedia Dec. - 63 interviedia Ilayne 6.5 lite bracteita - 67 laxifibra Pursh - 69 leplophylla Venl. - 71 micr"phijlla\i!X\\.- 64 mntabilis - - 67 .obliqua - - 67 parvil'61ia Sm. - 67 parvifolia Ehrh. - 64 platyphylla Scop. - 64 lacinidta Hort. - 65 minor H. - - 65 praj'cox - - 67 piibisccns Ait. - 69 pyramidilis - - 67 rotuiidifblia Vent. 67 si/li'estns Desf. - 64 tenuiriili.i - - 67 tonicntdsa Moencli 67 vlnnlidiu Scop. - 64 vitifdlia - - 67 vulgaris Hayne - 63 Tintis Bork. - - .511; hmrifolia Bork. - 516 Toothache Tree - 142 l^orreya Am. - 944 taxif6lia Am. - 944 Tozicoilindron. Mill. 191 crnia/iim .Mill. - 191 Tui'i/lon K-.ifiu. - 711 Tragopyrum Bieb. - 678 bnxiffiuuni Bab. - 678 lanceolitum Bieb. 678 polygamum Spr. - 679 Traveller's Joy - 5 Tree Peonv - - 18 Tree Purslane - 676 Trilophus Mich. - 40 Ampelisagria Fis. Trilbpus True Service - Trumpet Flower - Tulip Tree - Tunelo Tree - Turkey Oak - Turpiiaa Raf. Tutsan - - - Twisted Elm - UHex L. austrdlis ."^'enient europjE'a'".^. - etiropcE^a Lin. Sp. J'asligidta Hort. genistiiides Brot. - grundifldra Pour. - hibemica D. Mill. - minor Roth Cat. - 'mills Hort. - nana Forst. - provincialis L. stricta Mackuy verndlis Thore Ulmaccae - 715. U'lmus /,. alata M.v. alba Kit. americdna Masters americina L. aiba Alt. - foliis variegatis //. incisa Hort. pcndula /-"«;■*■/( - rClbra Ait. Atinia Pliny beiuliefdlia'hodd. campestris Wilkl. campestris Du 11. - campestris Hort. - campestris Walt. - campestris Woodr. campestris L. acutifdlia Masters alba Masters betulEef61ia chinensis - concava^f61ia cornubiensis cucullita Hort. - foliis aiireis //. - foliis variegatis - latifilia - nana Hort. parvifdiia - pendula Hort. - planifolia - sarnieiisis - stricta Horl. tortubsa - viminalis H.D. - virens Hort. vulgaris chinensis Pcrs. cilidla Ehrh. crendta Hort. crispa Willd. effusa W//ld. ejfiisa Sibth. exoniensis Hort. - Fordii Hort fulva Michx. glabra Huds. glabra MM. - drcHmbens Hort. glandulosa Lindl. latifolia IJndl. - glabra major Hort. raicropliylla parvij blia pendula ramulfisa Booth - repticdta Hort. - Scampston Elm. variegita Hort. - vcgeta Page 40 499 442 660 36 693 ,S54 191 77 716 199 201 200 201 201 202 200 201 201 202 201 201 201 200 1117 715 725 723 723 723 724 724 724 724 724 715 717 720 718 716 726 718 715 716 716 716 717 717 717 717 717 717 716 717 717 723 7!7 716 716 716 717 716 716 717 719 726 721 719 720 721 721 724 720 722 721 723 723 .723 7i3 723 723 723 721 723 723 723 4 vulgaris hollandica Mill. - horizontdlis Hort. hitmilis Roth IcEv/'s Poll. - latifolia Mich. mk'y^T Smith hollandica Pluk. microp/ij/llaVers. - montana Cam. montana Bauh. australis Hort. - cebennensis Hort. crispa fastigiataJ/ort. - mkjor Masters - minor Masters - nigra - - - pendula riigftsa Masters - /3 Fl. Br. - Vi'gela Hort. vulgaris mollifolla R. S; S. nemordtis Ait. nigra Lodd. - nida Ehrh. - octdndra Sehk. parr/folia Jac. parvii blia Willd. - pedimciildla Lam. pendula Lodd. planifolia Hort. - polygama Rich. - pumila Walt. pUniila Willd. piimila var. jS Pall. rhbra Hort. Soc. - rubra Mx. - rugbsa Lodd. scdbru Mill. - stricta [>indl. sarniensis Lodd. - suberbsa Hort. suberfisa M. - alba alba Masters erecta foliis variegatis - variegdta Ht. D. vulgaris Theophrasti Yin H. tortubsa Lodd. transba'icalensis V. viminalis Lodd. - Umbel lacefe - Umbrella Tree Uvdria Tor. tt G. - ti-iloba Tor. & G. - U^va-crispa Fuchs U^va -spina Math. - U^va-iirsi buxifhlia VaccinicEB Vaccinia Ger. Em. palilstris Ger. Em. Vaccinium L. .ilbillurum Hook. - album Ph. album Lara. - 608. amce^nniH Ait. angustifblinm Ait. arbbreum Marsh. Arctostaphylos L. Arclostdphylos And. brachycerum Mx. buxif olium Sal. - ca;spit6sum Mx. - canadense Rich. - canldhricum Huds. caracasinum H. l^ B. caitcdsicum Hort. corymbbsum L. - aiigustifblium - fuscatum Ait. virg5.tum Ait. crassilblium .indr. Page 723 719 721 717 719 719 719 719 717 718 720 720 720 721 721 720 7L'0 720 721 720 722 723 720 721 726 720 720 719 717 726 719 720 717 726 725 717 717 721 724 720 720 716 716 7.S 71S 719 719 719 718 713 718 718 716 717 717 495 27 38 38 473 473 577 603 616 0)6 603 609 007 009 608 605 607 611 611 613 613 005 614 .572 612 611 608 609 60S 60S 014 Fafje diffUsumMt. - 6(17 di: