THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

INDEX MAP OF

SHOWING AREAS COVERED BVTHE

SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS

By LOUIS HARMAN PEET

new*

AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE
318 and 320 East Twenty-third Street, New York

Copyright, 1902, by
Louis Harman Peet

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• p •

PREFACE.

THIS book has been prepared to aid the city nature
lovers who frequent our beautiful Park in identifying
its trees and shrubs by diagrams of location and text
description. Its need grew out of actual experience
and it is hoped that its service will be direct and prac-
tical.

How many there are who come to our Park to whom
the trees are simply trees and the shrubs, bushes. The
individuality of the oak, the hornbeam, or the maple
is lost to them in the general mass. Many of these
would gladly learn had they the time or opportunity
and to meet the needs of such and also to supplement
mere identification with descriptions of characteristics
of form, foliage, flower and fruit, has been the gov-
erning purpose in the general plan of preparing this
book. Its method is self-evident and the park rambler,
following the paths, soon gets to recognize the various
types of trees and shrubs. These grow more and
more distinctive and individual as their observed char-
acteristics become more familiar to him and he finds
out that when these have been once learned thorough-
ly, not only has he learned them for Prospect Park,
but for Central Park, and, in short, for the parks of
most cities of climatic conditions similar to ours.

Of course, in using this book, it must be borne in
mind that it would be utterly impossible to locate

k k I

Till

every tree and shrub passed along the Walks, on the"
sectional diagrams. Only those mentioned in the
descriptive text are plotted and in using the diagrams
to locate these care in judging distances should be
exercised. To attempt to plot, on diagrams of the
scales used in this book, every tree or shrub along
the pathside would result in a mass of black spots
from which it would be impossible to distinguish any-
thing. It was therefore thought best to locate some
of the representative types clearly and distinctly
rather than to attempt to locate all from which none
could be definitely found. Try to find shrubs or trees
on the diagrams at easily distinguishable points and
work from these to others, verifying, as you go along,
by the descriptive text. If you find you have not
judged the distances rightly, the descriptive text
should act as a check upon you to set you right.

To further assist the user of this hand-book in the
identification of the representative dots upon the dia-
grams various landmarks, such as lamp-posts, statues,
tablets, arches, rustic shelters have been extensively
marked and these will serve to rectify wrong or to
reassure correct judgments of distancing.

So let the lover of nature, who walks here in his
leisure hours take up the study of these beautiful trees
and shrubs with the determined purpose of knowing
them. In the knowing of them this book can be but a
suggestive aid. If you would get the most from it,
follow up its hints in your botanical text and refer-
ence books. Indeed this is the proper way to use
.the book. It is intended to show you a little and then

IX

you yourself must do more by following up the hint,
enlarging your knowledge by wider studies of the
details of bud, flower, leaf, bark and general character-
istics of habits of growth.

For this further study of details, the author strongly
recommends the use of such excellent text-books as
Gray's Field, Forest and Garden Botany, revised by
L. H. Bailey, Keeler's Our Native Trees (which is
equipped with excellent photographs), Apgar's Trees
of the Northern United States, Dame and Brooks's
Hand-book of the Trees of New England. Any of
these makes a good field book to take with you on
your rambles. If you wish to go further, the follow-
ing larger works will be found of great practical
value: London's Cyclopedia of Trees, Bailey's Cyclo-
pedia of Horticulture, Sargent's Silva of North Ameri-
ca, Britton and Brown's Flora of the Northeastern
United States, Emerson's Report on the Trees and
Shrubs of Massachusetts. These can be consulted in
any good sized library.

In the preparation and completion of this book the
author wishes to express his thanks for many cour-
tesies extended by Commissioner Richard Young of
the Park Department and for much practical aid
and valuable suggestions most cordially given by Mr.
John Whalley, Arboriculturist of Prospect Park and
Mr. Edward Kasold, Foreman Tree Planter of Pros-
pect Park.

The author's acknowledgments for valuable inform-
ation regarding many of the rare varieties are also
hereby expressed to Dr. C. S. Sargent of the Arnold

Arboretum, Dr. Charles H. Peck, State Botanist of
New York, to Messrs. Ellwanger and Barry of the
Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y., to Mr. S. B.
Parsons and Mr. Theodore Lawlor of the Parsons
Nurseries, Flushing, N. Y., and to his friend and fel-
low park rambler, Dr. L. Frazee, of this city, whose
ripe knowledge, generous sympathy and cordial inter-
est in the preparation of this book has helped very
materially in its completion.

The author wishes also to express his appreciation
of the skillful work done on his sectional diagrams
by Mr. Edward Yorke Farquhar of Flatbush.

LOUIS HARMAN PEET.

755 Ocean Avenue,

Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER PAGE

I. Plaza Entrance to Battle Pass 7

II. Battle Pass to Flower Garden 26

III. Flower Garden 43

IV. Willink Entrance to Irving Statue 57

V. Irving Statue to Ocean Avenue Entrance 72

VI. Lincoln Statue to First Summer House 90

VII. First Summer House to Second Summer House,

L^rge Lake 103

VIII. Second to Fourth Summer House, Large Lake. . 119

IX. Fourth Summer House to Breeze Hill 133

X. Around Lullwater 161

XI. Music Stand to Long Meadow 188

XII. Long Meadow to Plaza Entrance 206

Index 221

LIST OF SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS.

General Index Map Frontispiece

PAGE

Sectional Diagram No. I 2

Sectional Diagram No. 2 22

Sectional Diagram No. 3 38

Sectional Diagram No. 4 54

Sectional Diagram No. 5 * 68

Sectional Diagram No. 6 86

Sectional Diagram No. 7 100

Sectional Diagram No. 8 1 16

Sectional Diagram No. 9 128

Sectional Diagram No. 10 156

Sectional Diagram No. 1 1 184

Sectional Diagram No. 12 202

TREES AND SHRUBS
OF PROSPECT PARK

ENTRANCE

BATTLE PASS,

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. i

COMMON NAME

1. Weeping English oak.

2. Austrian pine.

3. Swiss stone pine.

4. Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitse.
(Golden plume-leaved)

5. Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitse.
(Plume-leaved).

6. Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitse.
(Variety squarrosa).

7. Kcelreuteria.

8 Bumald's spiraea.

9. Eagle's claw maple.

10. Silver maple.

11. Scotch elm.

12. Paper or canoe birch.

13. Nordmann's silver fir.

14. Oriental spruce.

15. Cornelian cherry.

16. Weeping European

beech.

17. Judas tree or redbud.

18. Japan quince.

19. Copper beech.

20. English hawthorn.

21. Bush cranberry.

22. American basswood.

23. European flowering ash.

24. Silver bell or snowdrop

tree.

25. English field maple.

26. European linden.

BOTANICAL NAME

Qucrcus robur, var. pcndula.

Pinus Austriaca.

Pinus Cembra.

Chamacy paris (or Retinos-

pora) pisifcra, var. plumosa

aurea.
Chamcecyparis (or Retinos-

pora) pisifcra, var. plu-
mosa.
Chama>cyparis (or Retinos-

pora) pisifera, var. squar-

rosa.

Kcelreuteria paniculata.
Spircea Japonica, var. Bum-

alda.
Acer platanoides, var. laci-

niatum.

Acer dasycarpum.
Uhnus montana.
Bctula papyrifera.
Abies N ordmanniana.
Picea Orientalis.
Cornus mascula.
Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula.

Cercis Canadensis.
Cydonia Japonica.
Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprca.
Cratagus oxyacantha.
Viburnum opulis.
Tilia Americana.
Fraxinus ornus.
Halesia tetraptera.

Acer campestre.
Tilia Europcea.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

27. European silver linden.

28. Smoke tree.

29. Reeve's or lance-leaved

spiraea.

30. Reeve's double flowered

spiraea.

31. Mugho pine.

32. Common locust.

33. Cephalonian silver fir.

34. Japan quince.

35. Hop hornbeam or iron-

wood.

36. Kentucky coffee tree.

37. Bhotan pine.

38. Japan pagoda tree.

39. European hornbeam.

40. Common snowball or

guelder rose.

41. Hemlock.

42. Golden bell or Forsythia.

43. Sassafras.

44. Bridal wreath spiraea.

45. French mulberry.

46. Dwarf mountain sumac.

47. Fragrant honeysuckle.

48. European holly.

49. Shady hydrangea.

50. Yellow-wood.

51. Norway maple.

52. European hazel.

53. Staghorn sumac.

54. American hazel.

55. Arrowwood.

56. Common elder.

57. Oriental plane tree.

58. White mulberry.

59. Oriental plane tree.

60. Scotch pine.

61. Common horsechestnut.

62. Dwarf or Japan catalpa.

63. Indian bean tree or

Southern catalpa.

64. Weeping willow.

Tilia Europaa, var. argentea.
Rhus cotinus.
Spiraea Rcevesiana.

Spircca Recvcsiana, var. flare

pleno.

Pinus montana var. Mughus.
Robinia pscudacacia.
Abies Ccphalonica.
Cy do nia Japonica.
Ostrya Virginica.

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Pinus excelsa.
Sophora Japonica.
Carpinus betulus.
Viburnum opulis, var. sicrilis,

Tsuga Canadensis.
Forsythia viridissima.
Sassafras officinale.
Spir&a prunifolia.
Callicarpa Americana.
Rhus copallina.
Lonicera fragrantissima.
Ilex aquifolium.
Hydrangea arboresccns.
Cladrastis tinctoria.
Acer platanoides.
Corylus avcllana.
Rhus typhina.
Corylus Americana.
Viburnum dcntatum.
Sambucus Canadensis.
Platanus Orientalis.
Mortis alba.
Platanus Orientalis.
Pinus sylvestris.
^sculus hippocastanum.
Catalpa Bungei.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Sali.v Babylonica.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

65. English oak.

66. Large-racemed dwarf

horsechestnut.

67. Slender Deutzia.

68. Purple barberry.

69. Flowering dogwood.

70. Fern-leaved beech.

71. Five* leaved akebia.

72. Cockspur thorn variety

pyracanthafolia.

73. Lovely azalea.

74. Mock orange or sweet

syringa.

75. Weeping Japan pagoda

tree.

76. Weeping Norway spruce.

77. Andromeda. (axillary

flowers).

78. Hercules's club, Devil's

walking stick, or An-
gelica tree.

79. Buttonbush.

80. Soulange's magnolia.

81. Fortune's dwarf white

spiraea.

82. English cork-bark elm.

83. Umbrella tree.

84. Tartarian honeysuckle.

85. Hercules's club, Devil's

walking stick, or An-
gelica tree.

86. Purple-leaved elm.

87. Clump of Austrian pines,

Scotch pines, hemlocks
and Swiss stone pine.

88. Tulip tree.

89. Corsican pine.

90. Weigela.

91. Black walnut.

Quercus robur.
Pavia macrostachya.

Deutzia gracilis.

Berberis vulgaris, var. pur-
pure a.

Cornus Honda.

Fagus sylvatica, var. heter-
ophylla.

Azalea amenta.

Cratcegus crus-galli, var.
pyracan thafolia.

Azalea amccna.

PJiiladelphus coronarius.

Sophora Japonica, var. pen-

dula.

Pccia cxcclsa, var. inverta.
Andromeda axillaris.

Aralia spinosa.

Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Magnolia Soulangeana.
Spiraea callosa, var. alba.

Ulmus campestris, var. sube-

rosa.

Magnolia umbrella.
Lonicera Tartarica.
Aralia spinosa.

Ulmus campestris, var. stricta
purpurea.

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Finns Austriaca, var. laricie.
Dicn. ilia rosca.
Juglans nigra.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

92. American white ash.

93. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

94. Californian privet.

95. Scarlet fruited thorn.

96. Sweet gum.

97. American buttonwood.

98. Cornelian cherry.

99. Sugar maple.

100. Spanish chestnut.

101. Scarlet oak.

102. European beech.

103. River or red birch.

104. Weeping European ash.

105. Hall's Japan magnolia.

106. Sweet bay or swamp

magnolia.

107. Spicebush.

108. Willow-leaved European

ash.

109. Turkey oak.

no. Single-leaved European

ash.
in. Willow oak.

112. Oleaster.

113. European or tree alder.

114. Sessile-leaved Weigela.

115. American beech.

1 1 6. Red oak.

117. Bur oak or mossy cup

oak.

118. Smooth winterberry.

119. Thunberg's or winged

spindle tree.

120. European mountain-ash.

121. American holly.

122. English walnut, or Ma-

deira nut.

Fraxinus Americana.
Negundo aceroides.

Ligustrum ovalifolium.

Cratcegus coccinca.

Liquidambar styraciilua.

Platanus occidentalism

Cornus mascula.

Acer sac char inum.

Castanea sativa.

Quercus coccinea.

Fagus sylvatica.

Betula nigra.

Fraxinus excelsior, var. nwn-
ophylla.

Magnolia stellata (or Hal-
liana}.

Magnolia glauca.

Benzoin benzoin.

Fraxinus excelsior, var. sal-

ici folia.

Quercus cerris.
Fraxinus excelsior, var. won

ophylla.

Quercus phellos.
Elczagnus angustifolia.
Alnus glutinosa.
Diervilla sessili folia.
Fagus ferruginea.

euercus rubra.
uercus macrocarpa.

Ilex Icevigata.

Euonymus Thunbergianus, or

Euonymus alatus.
Pyrus aucuparia.
Ilex opaca.
Juglans regia.

TREES AND SHRUBS

OF PROSPECT PARK

i.

PLAZA ENTRANCE TO BATTLE PASS.

"I wonder what that is !"

This is the exclamation one hears so often, while
strolling through the Park, from the casual rambler,
suddenly arrested by the beauty of some shrub or
tree. There are many people frequenting the Park
who take more than a passing interest in the wealth
of beautiful things gathered there for their delight and
it is to these people that these articles are especially
addressed.

If you enter at the Plaza, taking the Walk east or
at the left of the Drive, almost the first thing to greet
you is the remarkable weeping English" oak (Quercus
robur, var. pendula). It stands on the right of the
Walk, about midway from the entrance to the first fork
of the Walk. Its leaves are on very sliort stalks and
deeply cut in. For oak leaves they are small. Well-
grown Austrian pines (Pi-mis Austriaca) stand about
here, quite conspicuously ; one, just at the bend of the
fork. They are fine, hardy trees and glorious sights
when the ice storms coat them with crystal. They

8

may be known easily by their chunky, sturdy appear-
ance and tufting habit of bunching their leaves. As
you entered you passed on the left Swiss stone pine,
near the corner of the stone wall and beside it Rct-
inospora pisifcra, var. plumosa aurca (golden plume-
leaved). Nearer the Walk there is a variety of this
plume-leaved Rctinospora which is not golden, and
beside it, close by the Walk and about opposite the
Turkey oak is a fine Rctinospora squarrosa which you
can know by its bluish silvery-green foliage. It is
called squarrosa because its leaves set out squarely
from the branch. Just a little beyond, the Walk di-
vides, one fork (the left) running close to the ridge
that hides the screaming trolley-cars as they plunge
down the hill to Flatbush, and the other fork following
along by the Drive until it meets the Long Meadow
from under Endale Arch.

If you take the fork by the ridge, the left-hand one,
you will pass Austrian pine, on the point made by the
fork of the Walk, Eagle's claw maple (Acer plata-
noidcs, -car. laciniatum), a cut leaved variety of the
Norway maple, and called "Eagle's claw'' from the
resemblance of its drooping leaves to the talons of
that bird. On the left you have passed Kcclrcutcria
and Scotch elm (Uluins inontana) about opposite the
Eagle's claw maple. Continuing, you pass, on the
right, a beautiful white birch (paper or canoe birch) ;
two or three little Nordmann silver firs, two very well
formed Oriental spruces, Cornelian cherry, hemlock,
Judas trees and Japan quince.

On the left of the Walk YOU will find a handsome

weeping1 beech (about opposite the two Oriental
spruces) and not far from the weeping beech, clumps
of the large racemed dwarf horse-chestnut (Pavia
uiacrostachya) or long racemed buckeye, so handsome
when in bloom in July. It is then covered with tall
spires of white bloom.

Near this spot the Walk sends off a short arm to the
right, to Endale Arch. We do not turn off but keep
along the path we are on, which climbs by a gentle
rise toward the Arbor at Vale Cashmere.

Continuing then, from the two handsome copper
beeches which stand side by side on the south-
erly side of the offshoot to Endale Arch, you pass,
on the right beautiful young English hawthorns
(Cratccgus oxyacantha) , which you can know by their
small cut-lobed leaves wedge-shaped at the base and
by their thorns ; clumps of Viburnum opulis or bush
cranberry ; American basswood with large heart-shaped
leaves, Bumald's spiraea, which bears rose-colored
flowers in midsummer and graceful silver bell or
snow-drop trees (Halesia tetraptera). You can tell
these last by the streaking lines through their bark.
These trees are very beautiful in the spring when they
are hung full of white bell shaped flowers (whence
their name) just as the leaves appear. So pure, so
fairy-like they seem, you can easily set them tinkling
with a music never heard on sea or land — the flower
herald-music of the spring ! Further along are Euro-
pean flowering ash, English field maple (Acer cam-
pe sire), European linden, smoke tree (Rhus cotinus),
Cephalonian silver firs (two of them very near to-

10

gether, with symmetrical conical tops), Kentucky cof-
fee tree, Bhotan pine (noticeable by reason of its four
trunks grown together at the base), Sophora Japonica
(Japan pagoda tree), called so from the Arabian
Sophcra, a tree with pea-shaped flowers, and, further
on, hemlock. On the left you have passed Scotch
pines (Pinus sylvestris), European silver lindens (Tilia
Enropcea, var. argentea), about opposite the smoke
tree, Nordmann's silver fir, dwarf or Mugho pine
(Pinus montana, var. Mughus), barberry, a good hop
hornbeam or iron wood (Ostrya Virginica), opposite
the Cephalonian silver firs, and very near the point
where the Walk forks at the left, to go down to Rose
Garden, a Japan snowball and a fine Japan quince.

Just before you get to the Arbor look out, on your
left, for a shrub which perhaps you may have already
noticed, late in the autumn, hung full of small deli-
cate berries, of a beautiful violet shade, strung all
along its slender branches. This is the French mul-
berry (Callicarpa Americana), called so from Greek
words meaning beauty and fruit. You will find it on
the left as you approach the Arbor just beyond the
fork of the Walk to the Rose Garden, and beside a
clump of bridal wreath spiraea (Spircca prunifolia).
The bridal wreath spiraea is well worth seeing in May
when it hangs all along its slender branches pure white,
flowers in little umbels. It is very beautiful then and
well deserves its name.

If you do not care to go through the Arbor, take
the turn of the path which leads off to the left just
before you come to the Arbor and slips by a gentle

II

decline to the Rose Garden. This little side path has
treasures, too : especially the glorious clump of dwarf
mountain sumac or shining sumac (Rhus copallina)
which is a blaze of rich scarlet in the fall. The dis-
tinguishing feature of this shrub is its leaf stem, which
is winged between the leaflets. On the right of the
path are splendid bushes of the early fly honeysuckle
(Loniccra fragrantissiina). This honeysuckle is half
evergreen in our vicinity and is easily recognized by
the little cusp or point that tips its thick ovate leaves.
As the path reaches the Rose Garden it branches off
with a fork to the left, which in summer runs along
a delightfully shaded path, parallel with Flatbush
Avenue for some little distance. Dense growths of
bushes almost make it a country wayside. If you walk
here in early summer you will find clumps of trailing
bittersweet or nightshade (Solatium dulcamara) with
beautiful violet flowers which later, develop into shin-
ing ruby berries that hang all over the plant. Let these
berries alone. You can look at them, but don't touch
them : that is the safest way. Overhead the beautiful
Bhotan pines hang their silvery tassel-like bunches of
needles all trembling and shimmering with every
breeze. Fine Norway maples throw grateful shades.
Further along, on the left, are goodly growths of hazel
and great masses of stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina)..
On the right dense masses of Viburnum dentatuni or
arrow-wood, and nine-bark Physocarpus (or Spiraa)
Opuli folia. The leaf of the arrow-wood is very beauti-
ful in the regularity of its notching. A glance at the
ragged tattered stems of the nine-bark tells that it

12

lives up to its name and you think you could peel off
more than nine layers of its bark without half trying.
Great masses of elder (Sambucus) are here also and
when they are in bloom (June or July) they seem to
fill the path with drifts of snow. When you have
followed this Walk to a point about opposite the ex-
treme southerly end of the Rose Garden, it throws
off a branch at right angles. This branch leads over
toward Vale Cashmere, a lovely spot, in whose bosom
a little dreaming pool lies half asleep, trembling to
the soft music of a fountain that seems to never tire
of playing with rainbows in the sunshine. We shall
not take this yet, but will continue along the path we
are on, keeping parallel with Flatbush Avenue. We
come out now into an open space with a fine stretch
of grass waving gently up to the brow of a rise. This
rise is crowned with a picturesque and historic old
weeping willow which flung its whispering leaves to the
drum-beat of the Revolution, and near it stand a cluster
of Indian bean trees (Catalpa bignonioides), which are
fine sights in the last days of June or the early days of
July when they set all their white horns (spotted with
yellow and purple) and blow forth their silent beauty.
The far right-hand crest of this slope is set with fine
clumps of Austrian and Scotch pine. While you are
looking at these, notice also the two splendid horse-
chestnut trees (a little lower on the slope) that tower
side by side, like twins in their similarity. They are
beautifully formed trees, absolutely perfect specimens
of their kind, both in leafage and symmetry of form.
If now, you continue straight on south along the

13

Walk, you will pass, on the left, Mugho pine, single-
leaved European ash, European flowering ash, willow-
leaved European ash, white mulberry, Scotch pine
and several European flowering ashes again. Just be-
yond these the path forks again, the left branch slip-
ping off down a delightful series of steps, leading
under whispering hornbeams and rustling oaks and
maples, while the right branch swings gently around
toward the vicinity of Battle Pass. Almost opposite
the fork of the Walks stands a good type of the Tur-
key oak. We will take the right-hand fork. Along
it you will be delighted in autumn by the tall heads of
the iron weed (Vernonia novaboracensis) that reach
out to you in cool purple from the grassy bankside
at your right. Sturdy English oaks (Qncrcus robur)
line the path on the left, easily known by their leaves
which are on very short stems and have a wavy-lobed
cut. They are somewhat like the leaf of our white
oak, but are loosely eared at the base and thicker.
Their acorns have beautiful nuts, long, polished, cigar-
like at point, and set in small clean-cut saucer-like caps.
Down the slope a little, forming the point of a tri-
angle with the Turkey oak and an English oak, stands
a handsome red oak.

Let us now go back to the Arbor that looks down
into Vale Cashmere and start again from that particu-
lar point, taking the path which leaves it from the
west. This Arbor is a beautiful place at all times.
It is hard to say when you like it best, be it May or
June when the Wistaria, the laurel, the azaleas and
the rhododendrons are in their glory or later, in July

or August, when the trumpet creeper (Tecoma or
Bignonia radicans) pushes out its long scarlet horns
and calls the humming birds.

As you leave the Arbor, the path bends to the left
and runs beside East Drive southward. To your left
are azaleas, Deuzla gracilis, purple leaved barberries,
Japan quince, bridal wreath spiraeas, dogwood and,
climbing high in air at the point where a branch path
leads down to the Pool, a fine Akebia quinata, with
clover-like leaves (notched at the top) and plum-
colored flowers in the spring. On your right you have
passed copper beeches (near the drive-crossing), fern-
leaved beech, diagonally opposite the young dogwoods
on the other side of the path, fragrant honeysuckle
with its cusp tipped leaves, silver bell (Halesia tctra-
ptera) calle'd so from its seed, which is four (tetra)
winged (ptera).

Take now the little branch path at the left, down a
series of steps to the Pool at the bottom of Vale Cash-
mere, passing on your right a weeping European ash.
If it is syringa (more properly Philadelphus) time,
the way is through a veritable snowdrift of blossoms.
Philadelphus coronarius is here, and Philadelphus
grandiflorus with large ovate leaves, pointed and
toothed, smooth and quite downy and sweeping re-
curving branches which at once mark it from the
coronarius.

At the bottom of the series of steps is the cozy Pool.
If it is early spring the Azalea amccua, truly called the
''lovely," spreads a mass of crimson on the point of
land over there back of the fountain. Here, close to

the Walk (the westerly, beside the Pool) is a cockspur
thorn of the variety pyracanthafolia, and if you fol-
low this Walk around the margin of the Pool you will
pass Aralia spinosa, Andromeda axillaris with blos-
soms, on curving stems, like rows of little lilies of the
valley, Oriental spruce, magnificent rhododendrons,
weeping Norway spruce, Forsythia viridissiina, button
bush (Cephalanthns occidentalis) and sweet pepper-
bush (Clcthra aini folia), near the stone posts at the
southern end of the Pool, Spircca callosa, var. alba and
Indian currant or coral berry (Symphoricarpos i'iil-
garls). On the little peninsula, almost in the center
of the Pool, stands a curious tree which you can easily
pick out by its umbrella-like form. It is a weeping
variety of the Japan pagoda tree or Sophora Japonica.
The Sophora gets its name from its pea-like flowers
and fruit. Around on the eastern side of the Pool you
will find the smooth winterberry (Ilex Icevigata), the
sweet bay or swamp magnolia (Magnolia glauca) , and
hidden a little back from the Walk, near a fork of
the path to Rose Garden, the Euonymus Thunbergl-
amis or Enonymns alatus, remarkable for the corky
wings on its branches.

From the Pool, going south, the path forks into two
branches. The left runs past magnificent clumps of
Viburnum plicatum, Spiraa Reevesiana, Spircca Van
Honttei, cork barked elms, umbrella trees, with leaves
a foot long and over, Tartarian honeysuckle, with
bright red berries in summer, Magnolia Sonlangeana,
covered in April with beautiful white flowers flushed
with pink (pink on the outside, white on the inside).

i6

Just beyond the Sonlangcana, the path forks again.
The left branch slips around by clumps of Hercules's
club (Aralia spinosa), common snowball (Viburnum
opulis, var. sterilis) , Weigela, to meet the Walk, above
spoken of, which follows parallel with Flatbush
Avenue. The right branch glides along by easy turns
to meet the Battle Pass Walk. This bends by bushes of
sessile-leaved Weigela, oleaster, well grown Austrian
pines, hemlocks, under boughs of cherry birch which
hang heavy with the gold lace of flowering catkins in
the spring. This path bends now into the Walk
which runs on down behind the rocky ramparts which
an historic plate commemorates as Battle Pass. If you
follow it from this point you will wander by a good
sized Corsican pine on the right and a well grown
Kentucky coffee tree, on the same side, a little beyond.
About opposite the Kentucky coffee tree is a beautiful
bush of the bridal wreath spiraea (Spircra pruuifolia)
and almost at the point of intersection of this path
with the Walk by the English oaks, spoken of above,
stands an historic old black walnut "Which," says one
of the Park reports, "Is the only one left of a former
group which occupied the high ground near Valley
Grove Road." 'Close by is the historic weeping willow
(Saliv Babylonica) above spoken of, which is also the
only one remaining of a former group. About oppo-
site the black walnut, you will find on the right of the
Walk, English walnut, distinguishable by its com-
pound leaves of from five to nine leaflets which are
indistinctly serrate.

The ledge of rock which bears the Battle Pass tablet

is crowned with a goodly company of conifers.
Among them you will find the beautiful Himalayan
or Bhotan pine with its soft and silvery tassels of
leaves, the handsome Cephalonian silver firs with their
stiff brush-like branches, the common white pines
( I'inus strobns) with their short slender needles and
the Norway sypruces with their strong incurved leaves
Come here when the wind sounds his orchestral music.
Stand in this little grove and listen. The harp, the
violin, the 'cello are all ringing with the melodies of
heaven. Elder grows here in great clumps, making
beautiful sights in early summer with their cymes
of white bloom. Here, too, the lovely Hall's Japan
honeysuckle creeps and climbs and sets its fragrant
flowers to the air, white changing slowly to yellow.
The spot is a veritable little wood glen. Its floor is
covered with dry brown needles which have fallen
from the conifers and it sends up whiffs of spicy, pun-
gent resin that carry you away, as by magic, to deep
dark woods. This is one of the joys of Park rambling.
A rock, a dell, stumbled into, sets wing to a thousand
woodland memories and you live over again those
days which if you are a city worker, are so rare and so
lovely to you.

Behind the evergreen-crowned ledge the Walk slips
on down a good grade toward the Willink Entrance,
passing on the right Koclr enter la, Cephalonian silver
fir, Bhotan pine, Forsythia viridissima with its golden
stars in early spring, syringa with snow in June, celan-
dine, tall sweet gums or liquid ambers, leopard coated
button woods, spice bush, smoke trees rolling out their

i8

clouds of bloom in June and Cornelian cherry with
its pretty clusters of dull yellow flowers which are
almost the first to break out in early spring, before its
leaves are out. Over on the border of the Drive, a
little northwest of the sweet gums and buttonwoods
you will find the River or Red Birch with gray-brown
bark touched with cinnamon and rhombic-ovate leaves.
On the left you passed Koclreuteria with its com-
pound leaves of coarsely toothed leaflets ; American
white ash, tall and straight with lozenge-plated bark
and compound leaves, pale green on the under
sides ; European silver linden, of sugar loaf
form and cordate leaves, white on the under
sides and dark glossy green on the upper sides; wil-
low leaved European ash ; ash-leaved maple easily dis-
tinguished by its pinnate leaves of from three to five
leaflets, usually three and rarely seven ; then two silver
bell trees, known easily by their peculiarly marked
bark, then a couple of spice-bushes ; Californian privet,
with glossy dark, green oval leaves ; and very near
the point made by a junction of the path coming in
from the left here, are a couple of handsome scarlet-
fruited hawthorns. These you can know at once by
their thorns and bright green, thin, smooth leaves of
roundish ovate form, sharply lobed. The lobes are
generally very regularly cut and give the leaves a
very symmetrical look, but sometimes they vary greatly
from this regularity of cut. These trees bloom pro-
fusely in May, and in September are loaded with their
bright scarlet fruit, large, for hawthorns (about half

19

an inch), round or pear-shaped, and the birds get
after them with a vengeance.

Back in the shrubbery, close by the border of the
Pond, you will find a beautiful American beech, which
you distinguish by its smooth light gray bark and
chestnut-like leaves.

Close by the culvert that lets a tumbling stream
into Wild Fowl Pond, you will find sassafras with its
three different kinds of leaves ; egg-shaped, mitten-
shaped, double mitten-shaped, and a tall European
or tree alder, which you will have no difficulty in find-
ing if you look for its black last year's "cones" which
are sure to be hanging on its branches. Its leaf, too,
is decisive with a curved notch at the top.

This brings us to Wild Fowl Pond on the one side
and the drive crossing back of Battle Pass on the
other.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

N<?2
BATTLE PASS

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 2

COMMON NAME

1. Calif ornian privet.

2. Cornelian cherry.

3. Dotted fruited hawthorn.

4. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

5. American hornbeam.

6. European silver linden.

7. Koelreuteria.

8. Syringa.

(Various kinds).

9. Yellow-wood.

10. European hazel.

11. Common sweet pepper

bush.

12. European linden.

13. White oak.

14. English hawthorn.

15. American chestnut.

1 6. English elm.

17. Sweet gum or bilsted.

18. Mockernut or white-

heart hickory.

19. Colorado blue spruce.

20. Norway maple.

21. Nordmann's silver fir.

22. Variegated Weigela.

23. Tulip tree.

24. Spicebush.

25. Bhotan pine.

26. Wild red cherry.

27. Shady hydrangea.

28. Dotted fruited hawthorn.

BOTANICAL NAME

Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Cornus mascula.
Cratccgus punctata.
Negundo aceroides.

Carpinus Carolitiiana.
Tilia Europcea, var. argentca.
Koelreuteria paniculata.
Philadelphia.

Cladrastis tinctoria.
Corylus avcllana.
Clethra alnifolia.

Tilia Europcca.
Qucrcus alba.
Cratccgus oxyacantha.
Castanca sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Ulmus campestris.
Liquidambar styraciflua.
Carya tomentosa.

Picca pungens.
Acer platanoides.
Abies Nordmanniana.
Diervilla rosca, var. foliis var-

iegatis.

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Benzoin benzoin.
Pinus excelsa.

Prunns Pennsylvanicum.
Hydrangea arborescent.
Cratcegiis punctata.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

29. Mugho pine.

30. Laburnum, golden chain,

or bean trefoil tree.

31. Siberian pea tree.

32. Weeping bald cypress.

33. Van Houtte's spiraea.

34. English walnut.

35. White mulberry.

36. Buttonbush.

37. Yellow flowered buckeye.

38. Black haw.

39. French tamarisk.

40. Japan pagoda tree.

41. Camperdown elm.

42. Variegated English yew.

43. Bhotan pine.

44. Dockmackie or maple

leaved arrowwood.
45- Japan quince.

46. Imperial cut-leaved Eu-

ropean alder.

47. European hornbeam.

48. Black mulberry.

49. Scotch elm.

50. Golden bell or Forsythia.

51. English cork bark elm.

52. Austrian pine.

53. Cherry birch.

54. American beech.

55. Sour gum, tupelo or pep-

peridge.

56. Black oak.

57. Hemlock.

58. Sycamore maple.

59. English maple.

60. Sugar or rock maple.

61. .Pin oak.

62. Red maple.

Pinus montana, var. Mughus.
Laburnum vulgare.

Caragana arboresccns.
Taxodium disticlium, var.

pendulum.

Spircea Van Houttei.
Juglans regia.
Morus alba.

Ccphalanthus occidentalis.
Pavia lutea.
Viburnu m prunifoliu m.
TamarLv Gallica.
Sophora Japonica.
Ulmus montana, var. Cam-

perdoivnii pendula.
Taxus baccata, var. elegantis-

sirna.
Pinus cxcclsa.

Viburnum aceri folium.

Cy do nia Japonica.

Alnus glutinosa, var. lacin-

iata imperialis.
Carpinus betulus.
Morus nigra.
Ulmus montana.
Forsyth ia viridissima.
Ulmus campestris, var. su-

berosa.

Pinus Austriaca.
Be tula lenta.
Fagus ferruginca.
Nyssa sylvatica.

Oncrcus coccinea, var. tinc-

toria.

Tsuga Canadensls.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Acer campestre.
Acer saccharinum.
Qucrcus palustris.
Acer rubrum,

COM r ON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

63. Washington thorn. Crattcgus cor data.

64. Silver maple. Acer dasycarpuni.

65. Mockernut or white- Carya tomcntosa.

heart hickory.

66. European beech. Fagus sylvatica.

67. Striped maple or moose- Acer Pennsylvanicum.

wood.

68. Large thorned variety of Cratargus coccinca, i'ar. mac

the scarlet fruited haw- racantha.
thorn.

II.

BATTLE PASS TO FLOWER GARDEN.

Starting- from the drive crossing at Battle Pass
and following the Walk south, the first shrubs you
will pass on your right are well grown bushes of Cali-
fornian privet and Cornelian cherry (Cornus mascula).
The Cornelian cherry bears greenish yellow flowers,
which are among the first to open in the spring. It
belongs to the dogwood (Cornus) family, and its
flowers, when fully out, bunch in clusters along its
branches in a way that makes you think of "bachelor's
buttons." The flowers develop in the summer to
beautiful light yellow berries, which in the early fall
change to shining scarlet. Further along, on the right
again, are English cork bark elm, and about opposite
the end of the Shelter over on the left of the Walk,
is American hornbeam. The hornbeam can be iden-
tified by its bark alone — smooth, and often streaked
with fine silvery lines. It is impossible to mistake its
smooth, hard, muscular look, its clean-cut trunk and
boughs with their swelling ridges which suggest bare
muscles. There are many hornbeams in the Park, both
native and European. The native hornbeam (Carpi-
mis Caroliniana) is also called water-beech or blue-
beech, and certainly the leaf is very much like both
the beech and the birch, but more like the latter, how-

ever. The European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
has a leaf very much like that of the cherry birch.
You can tell the difference between the European and
the native hornbeams by their seed clusters. The
European is halberd shaped, the native, half halberd
shaped.

About opposite the hornbeam on the other side of
the path, close to the southern corner of the Shelter,
is a pretty Washington thorn, and beyond it, a
Kcclreiitcriq, and then some very beautiful yellow-
woods (Cladrastis tinctoria), with fine, smooth, gray-
ish bark, almost satin-like in the strong sunshine.
They are goodly trees, well grown and healthy. You
may know them by their long, compound leaves, made
up of from seven to eleven oval leaflets. These trees
are lovely sights in June when they are hung full of
sweet smelling flowers, pure white, in long strings or
racemes, very much like the flowers of the common
locust (Robinia pscuddcacia). Just beyond the yel-
low-woods is a well-grown European hazel (Corylus
ai'cllana), which is lace hung in spring, with dull
rusty brown catkins that have a grace and beauty
all their own. Indeed, I know of no fairer early
spring sight than that of the lace-hung hazels vailing
themselves while yet the trees are bare. About op-
posite the hazel, on the right of the path, you will
find a noble growth of the sweet pepper bush (Clethra
aluifolia). This gets its name, alnifolia, by the way,
from its close resemblance to the alder (Alnus) leaf.
The sweet pepper bush speaks for itself in July. Then
it sends up little fingers of delicate frost-white bloom

so sweetly fragrant that bees, ants, and, seemingly,
every kind of bug or insect, swarm to it and over it.
The whole bush is then fairly alive with honey sip-
pers. Beyond the clcthra, on your right, you pass a
fine European linden (Tilia Enropcea}, of excellent
form, and beautiful, full leafage. This tree is also
a veritable hive of insect industry when it is in bloom,
which is in June. Then it is hung full of fragrant,
starry, cream-colored flowers, which droop on stalks
from leaf-life bracts. So fragrant are the flowers at
night, that they fill all the air in the neighborhood of
the trees on which they hang with a perfume that is
almost heavy.

Now we have come to a point where the Walk makes
a kind of double turn after the manner of Hogarth's
line of beauty, into a glade or grove of tall and grace-
ful trees that are truly majestic. You walk as through
some open, unroofed temple whose columns are lordly
oaks, stately chestnuts, straight strong hickories,
graceful birches, towering sweet gums (liquidam-
bars), with here and there set among them, in lowly
modesty, young dogwoods reaching out to you over
the Walk with most delicate, bewitching grace. Just
before you pass into the shade of this hall of trees,
notice the pretty clump of privet on the left, and just
beyond it the little English hawthorns, which seem
to stand so shyly at the portals where are assembled
all these stately trees. Here are white oaks which
are a glory in the winter sunshine with their light
granite bark broken in plates and their bold and
rugged fling of boughs filling the eye with joy at their

29

strength as they stand gnarled and knotted against
the clear blue sky. Most of the white oaks here are
the broad-leafed variety. There are many of the nar-
row-leafed variety in other parts of the Park (notably
on Lookout Hill), but most of these here are of the
broad leaf form, or widely ovate, broadest at the top.
Here, too, are black oaks that glow with bronze when
October walks through the Park. Here hickories sing
their anthem of golden glory to the frosty winds,
and here the sweet gums set fire to their starry leaves
with flames of orange, crimson and richest blue-pur-
ple. But beautiful as this grove is in autumn, it has
perhaps a more delicate beauty in spring. Don't fail
to come here when the dogwood blooms in May. Then
the Walk runs on under canopies of white which seem
to float upon the air rather than to hang in it. On
your right, passing along from the finely formed
European linden of which we spoke just a little above,
and which stands close by a short roadway from the
path to the Drive, you will find a fine black oak stand-
ing a little to the south. A cherry birch stands just
south of the black oak. Continuing on your right you
pass two white oaks close together about opposite the
two English hawthorns just spoken of, then black oak
again, silver maple, a couple of American chestnuts
by the Drive, mockernut hickory, and another chest-
nut not far from a lamp-post on the Drive.

Up to this point you have passed on your left, Eng-
lish hawthorn, white oak, striped maple (directly back
to the northeast of the white oak), yellow- wood and
European beech standing close to each other a little

30

to the east of the Walk, then black oak, and mockernut
hickory about opposite the lamp-post on the Drive.
To the east of the black oak and hickory, a few steps
back, you will find another English hawthorn.

Continuing along the path to Willink Entrance you
pass, in that delightful patch of wildwood which lies in
between the Walk and the Drive, a wonderful host of
small things which rise there every year to tell you
it is spring. Here you will find wild sarsaparilla,
spring beauties, jacks-in-the-pulpit, violets, wild
geraniums, Solomon's seal, false Solomon's seal, and
hundreds of others. Further along there are noble
tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipifera) rising to majestic
heights, and in June glorious sights when they are all
hung full of chalice-like flowers, orange and green.
These flowers make the seed "cones" of the tulip tree,
so conspicuous in winter.

On the left, you have passed American chestnut, and
quite a clump of cherry birches clustered together not
far from a short foot-worn path striking diagonally
across. Several fine English elms stand almost in
line of each other, at wide distances, in a row parallel
with the Walk. You can know them by their oak-
like look and elm leaf.

If you follow the path on, it will lead you beneath
Eastwood Arch, and on to the Boat House at Lull-
water, but we are not quite ready to go down there
yet, for a left hand branch, which breaks off here and
runs out to the Willink Entrance has some lovely
things to show us. On the way we pass English
hawthorns, and beneath the wide-spreading boughs of

the English field elm (Utmus caaipcstris) easily recog-
nized by its rather straight main shaft, by its some-
what horizontal manner of sending out its boughs.
Indeed, as has been said above, the tree has an almost
oak-like look, sturdy and thickset. Just beyond the
English elm is one of the handsomest Norway maples
in the Park. It is a glory in spring, when it is cov-
ered with delicate green flowers, and it is an equal
glory in autumn when it is a hanging cloud of orange-
yellow. On the left, near the Entrance, you will find
a good little Colorado blue spruce (Picea pun gens) }
and fine growths of the Retinospora pisifcra, var.
squarrosa. This variety of Retinospora is easily recog-
nized by its soft, squarely setting leaf sprays, and by
the light bluish-green cast of color in its foliage,
delicately tinged with fine drifts of silver. In winter
the shrub often takes on delicate copperish or red-
dish bronze tints, which are very beautiful through
its silvery green.

Crossing the Drive and starting in again on the
left-hand Walk of the Willink Entrance, notice the
young Nordmann's silver fir on your right. It is a
young tree, but beautifully formed, and it is growing
finely. A little further on the path forks. Its left-
hand branch keeps on straight ahead over a rise toward
the Ocean Avenue Entrance, while the right bends
around toward the Boat House. If you follow the
Boat House path, you will pass, on your left, very near
the drive crossing, great masses of variegated
Weigela, with leaves of a mingled pale yellow and
green, the borders of a light yellowish green. In

32

June, when these bushes are in bloom, they are beau-
tiful indeed, and the perfume of their flowers is
fragrance itself. Crossing the Drive you strike again
the cathedral groves of chestnut, hickory, oak, sweet
gum, tulip and birch. Squirrels are lively here, and
it is here, in summer, that the goat carriages wheel
their burdens of delighted children along the Walk.
This part of the Park is a great haunt of the brown
thrasher, and it is a satisfying thing to hear his liquid
notes thrilling the soft air of a June day in these leafy
glades.

Following this Walk toward the Boat House you
will pass, on the right, straggling bushes of yew,
Mahonia Japonica, rhododendrons, and on the left,
near the Arch, spice-bush (Benzoin benzoin). This
Arch, known as Eastwood Arch, is beautifully hung
with the drooping golden bell or yellow jessamine
(Forsythia suspensd). It may be interesting to add
here that the Forsythia gets its name from an Eng-
lish botanist, W. A. Forsyth. For beauty of setting,
this arch is one of the most picturesque in the Park.
As you pass through it, you come out upon dogwoods
and hawthorns, which lean out lovingly towards you
from the banksides and when they are in bloom they
make the place a fairyland of white. Just as you
come from beneath the Arch, down at your right there
is a pretty wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens),
which loves just the kind of a sheltered spot it has
here. It has ovate or slightly cordate leaves, serrate
and pointed and bears its white flowers in a flat cyme
or head in June. Near it is a mass of wild purple-

33

flowering raspberry (Rubus odoratns) which is cov-
ered in July or August with the beautifully tinted
flowers which have given it its name. Higher up on
the slope of the bank, by the roadside which runs
over the Arch, a wild red cherry tree wreaths its bloom
in May. Continuing, beyond the hydrangea, you will
find some good hemlocks with fine and feathery leaf-
sprays. Close by the border of the Walk are wild
sarsaparilla and goodly white and scarlet oaks crown
the ridges of the slopes. The yew, the Rhododendron,
the Azalea, the Mahonia, the Mngho pine are here also,
all on the right of the Walk, and a cluster of sycamore
maples just in fork of the Walk where it sends off
a branch toward the Music Stand. On the left of the
Walk are beautiful flowering dogwoods (Cornus
Honda), which make this spot a special haunt of the
camera enthusiast, and pretty dotted fruited haw-
thorns, a fine American beech, well up on the bank,
cherry birches and more dogwoods. Just beyond this
place the path forks again, the right running over a
cozily set rustic bridge, hemlock shaded, to the Music
Stand ; the left-hand branch slipping easily down a
little grade to the Boat House, and then running on
again around the quiet stream here (well named Lull-
water) to meet other walks which come together near
Cleft Ridge Span, the Arch leading into the Flower
Garden with its restaurant and goodly elms over-
shadowing.

Proceeding along the left-hand fork there is a fine
laburnum or bean-trefoil tree (Laburnum vulgare") at
your left, which is strung through and through in

34

June with the golden chains of bloom which have
given it its common name, "golden chain." You
meet this just before you come to the Boat House,
and can easily identify it by its three clover-like leaves.
Nestling almost beneath it is a pretty Siberian pea
tree, which may be known by its leaves alone, made
up of from four to six pairs of oval oblong leaflets.
This is the Caragana arborescens. Its flowers are yel-
low, and they appear in May. Beyond the Boat
House there are many things to claim your attention.
This Walk, as stated above, leads along by the side
of the stream. On your right, close down by the
water's edge, rears up a lofty weeping bald cypress
(Taxodium distichum, var. pendulum} of spire-like
form and soft feathery foliage. Further along are
large growths of barberry, loaded in late May or
early June with clusters of yellow flowers which de-
velop in September into the beautiful cool-looking
crimson berries that are a delight to the eye all through
the autumn and remain on the bushes in good part
through the winter. Beyond are sycamore maple.
English maple, Japan quince, with rich crimson
flowers in May ; English walnut on the bank where
the water comes in close to the Walk; Forsythia with
golden bell-like flowers in late April or early May ;
pin oak with its tiny acorns and back of it by the water,
buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), in blossom in
June; smoke tree (Rhns cotinns), French tamarisk
(Tamarix G allied) and Forsythia and Deuteia cre-
nata. On your left you have passed great clumps
of Spircca Recvesiana ; Spircca Van Honttci, white

35

mulberry; a graceful yellow-flowered buckeye (Pavia
lutea) with yellow flowers in May or June; black
haw (Viburnum prunifolium) and Austrian pine.

Upon the slope of the hill, back of the Austrian
pine you will find some more English walnuts. Fur-
ther on, along the Walk, and back on the slope is a
fine Japan pagoda tree with locust-like foliage. As
you round the turn of the Walk to go under the Arch
(Cleft Ridge Span) a remarkable tree of spreading
habit and dwarf umbrella form meets you. It is very
conspicuous with its wide-reaching drooping branches.
This is the Camperdown elm and is exceedingly
picturesque in summer or winter. Its leaf with its
long points and rough surface marks its kinship with
the Scotch elm (Ulinus montana). Just beyond the
Camperdown, near the Arch, are masses of Taxus
baccata, var. elegantissima (variegated English yew),
beautiful sights in early June when their new shoots
of golden-yellow tuft out all over them. Just as you
go under the Arch look up on your right and see a
handsome Bhotan pine hanging its tassels high up
on the bank. This brings us to the Flower Garden.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM
N<?3

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 3

COMMON NAME
T. Camperdown elm.

2. Forsythia or golden bell.

(With leaves interme-
diate between the bush,
viridissima, variety and
the weeping, suspensa,
variety).

3. Shrubby Wistaria.

(Pale purple flowers).

4. Flowering dogwood.

5. Japan maple.

6. Austrian pine.

7. European flowering ash.

8. Black walnut.

9. Cornelian cherry.

10. American or white elm.

11. Day lily.

12. Weeping European sil-

ver linden.

13. Hornbeam-leaved maple.

14. Colchicum-leaved maple.

15. Japan snowball.

1 6. European English yew.

17. Cephalonian silver fir.

1 8. Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitae.
(Pea-fruiting).

19. Irish juniper.

20. Irish yew.

21. Polish juniper.

22. Swiss stone pine.

23. Chinese arbor vitse.

24. Hemlock.

25. Sycamore maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Ulmus montana, var. Camper-

downii pendula.
Forsythia intermedia.

Wistaria frutescens.

Cornus ftorida.

Acer polymorphism.

Pinus Austriaca.

Fraxinus ornus.

Juglans nigra.

Cornus mascula.

Ulmus Americana.

Hemerocallis fulva.

Tilia Europaa, var. argentea

(or alba} pendula.
Acer carpinifolium.
Acer l&tum.
Viburnum plicatum.
Taxus baccata.
Abies Cephalonica.
Chamacyparis or Retinos-

pora) pisifera, var. aurea.

Juniperus communis, var. Hi-

bernica.

Taxus baccata, var. fastigiata.
Juniperus communis, var.

Cracovia.
Pinus Cembra.
Thuya Orientalis.
Tsuga Canadensis.
Acer pseudoplatanus.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

26. Kentucky coffee' tee.
*27. Cunninghamia.

28. White pine.

29. European linden.

30. Slender Deutzia.

31. Chinese podocarpus.

32. Norway maple.

33. Small mockernut hick-

ory.

34. American basswood.

35. Sugar or rock maple.

36. European ash.

37. Japan quince.

38. Ghent azalea. (Variety

Bryant.)

39. Japan ground cypress or

'Japan arbor vitse
(Plume-leaved).

40. European holly.

41. Japan aucuba.

42. Lovely azalea.

43. Mountain laurel.

44. European silver linden.

f 45. Weeping European sil-
ver linden.

[ 46. Rhododendrons. Vari-
ous kinds, mostly of the
Everestianum (lilac
flowers) variety.

47. Tulip tree.

48. Adam's needle.

49. English cork bark elm,

grafted on stock of
slippery elm.

50. Scotch elm. (Grafted

on stock of slippery
elm).

51. Weeping Japan pagoda

tree.

52. Copper beech.

Gymnocladus Canadcnsis.
Cunninghamia Sinensis.
Pinus strobus.
Tilia Europcea.
Deutzia gracilis.
Podocarpus Sincnsis.
Acer platanoides.
Carya microcarpa.

Tilia Americana.
Acer saccharinum.
Fraxinus excelsior.
Cydonia Japonic a.
Azalea Sincnsis.

Chamcecyparis (or Retinas

pora) pisifera, var. plu-

mosa.

Ilex aquifolium.
Aucuba Japonic a.
Azalea amccna.
Ka Im la la ti folia .
Tilia Europcea, var. argentea

(or alba).
Tilia Europcea, var. argentea

(or alba) pendula.

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Yucca niamcntosa.
Ulmus campestris, var. sub •
erosa on stock of Ulmus

fulva.
Umus t

Ulmus montana, on stock of
Ulmus fulva.

Sophora Japonica, var. pen-

dula.
Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea.

* Cut down while MS. was going through press. Some
saplings from it are coming up near its stump

COMMOX NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

53. Umbrella pine.

54. Purple-leaved sycamore

maple.

55. Various-leaved Euro-

pean linden.

56. Norway spruce.

57. Blue willow.

58. Teas's weeping mulberry

or Russian weeping
mulberry.

59. Silver maple.

60. Weeping Chinese lilac.

(Flowers in large white
panicles, about middle
of June).

61. Kilmarnock weeping wil-

low.

62. Gregory's Norway

spruce.

63. Double red-flowering

peach.

64. Kcelreuteria.

65. Spicebush.

66. Mockernut or white-

heart hickory.

67. European flowering ash.

68. Weeping English yew.

69. Japan pagoda tree.

70. Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitae.
(Variety squarrosa.}

71. Deodar or Indian cedar.

72. Garden azalea.

73. American white ash.

74. Crisp-leaved European

ash.

75. Weeping golden bell or

Forsythia.

76. Ninebark.

77. Garden hydrangea.

78. Dwarf Japan catalpa.

79. Japan Judas tree.

S dado pit ys re r tic ilia t a.
Acer pseudoplatanus, var.

purpurea.
Tilia Europcea, var. hctero-

phylla.

Picea exceha.
Salix alba, var. ccurulea.
Morns alba, var. Tartarica.

Acer dasycarpum.
Syringa, var. Pekinensis pen-
dula.

Salix capraa, var. pcndula.

Picea excelsa, var. Gregor-

yiana.
Prunus Persica vulgaris,

var. flora sanguinea plena.
Kcelreuteria paniculata.
Benzoin benzoin.
Carya tomentosa.

Fraxinus ornus.

Taxus baccata, var. pcndula.

Sophora Japonica.

Cham&cy paris (or Retinos-

pora) pisifera, var. squar-

rosa.

Cedrus Deodara.
Azalea mollis.
Fraxinus Americana.
Fraxinus excelsior, var. atro-

virens.
Forsythia suspensa.

Physocarpus (or Spircra} op-

uli folia.

Hydrangea hortensis.
Catalpa Bungei.
Cercis Japonica.

42

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

80. Panicled hydrangea. Hydrangea paniculata, var.

(Large flowered.) grandiflora.

81. Shellbark or shagbark Carya alba.

hickory.

82. Sassafras. Sassafras officinale.

III.

FLOWER GARDEN.

Starting at Cleft Ridge Span, the Arch leading from
the quiet Walk beside Lullwater into the Flower Gar-
den, you come out upon the loveliness of this beautiful
spot. With its picturesque .Restaurant bowered in
masses of rhododendron and sheltered by lindens and
elms it is a most delightful place to loiter in. As
you come in from the Arch you pass, on your right
great masses of the Forsythia intermedia and sitspensa.
These bushes are among the handsomest of the For-
sythia in the Park and every spring are loaded with
beautiful four petalled yellow flowers. Higher up
on the bank, just above the first bushes of the For-
sythia nestles another Camperdown elm reaching down
to you with the exquisite grace of its slender drooping
branches., in its own peculiar umbrella-like manner.

If you wish to see a handsome effect in crimson come
here in early autumn when the masses of Indian cur-
rant (Symphoricarpos znilgaris) that plume the ridge
of the Span have burst into flame. Beyond the For-
sythia is Japan maple (Acer polymorphum) , with
finely cut star-like leaves and delicate blood-crimson
flowers in small clusters in spring. In autumn the
leaves of this tree turn a beautiful cool crimson after
most of the trees have passed their glory of color and

• 44

it stands by the Arch a lingering torch amid the bared
trees.

On the bank beyond the Japan maple stands a dog-
wood glorious in early spring when it rolls back its
pin head flower buds and opens its white bracts, lay-
ing them on the air in a miracle of floating bloom. Its
flowers are bunched in the center of the white bracts.
We are now on the Walk which leads up to the top
of Breeze Hill and the "Old Fashioned Flower Gar-
den/' but we will not go up there yet, for we have some-
thing to see on the opposite side of the Walk. Nest-
ling in behind the myrtle border, hidden by the growths
of dwarf Japan maples, azaleas, and young rhodo-
dendrons, you will find the Colchicum-leaved maple
(Acer Latuni) which has a very beautiful leaf with
a faintly heart-shaped base and from five to seven
lobes. Near it and behind it is the peculiar hornbeam-
leaved maple (Acer carpini folium) with leaves almost
exactly like those of the hornbeam itself. The only
difference in the leaves of the two trees, so far as I
can see, is that the maple leaf is a little thicker of
texture. The similitude is certainly striking.

As you turn around and come back to the Flower
Garden, at the edge of the turn, there are some very
fine Japan snowballs (Viburnum plicatum), note-
worthy for their beautifully ridged leaves of roundish
shape and pointed. They are called plicatum, because
the leaves have a crimped or folded appearance. The
Viburnum tomentosum, of which the plicatum is a
variety, has a similar leaf, less roundish, more elliptic
and long acuminate. They are beautiful shrubs and

45

carry great balls of clustered flowers, pale Nile green
at first, then changing to white at maturity.

If you keep to the right, the Walk will lead you
around by the south-eastern slope of Breeze Hill and
it is this course we now take. Just beyond the Vibur-
num plicatum is a very handsome Japan maple (Acer
polymorphum) with small star-shaped leaves. This
is a tree of considerable size, but all around the border
near it, you will find many varieties of Japan maples,
most of them small shrubs, two, three, and four feet
high. Among them you will find the cut-leaved (Acer
polymorphum, var. dissectum); the purple cut-leaved
(Acer polymorphum, var, dissectum atro pur pure urn)
with very delicate, finely cut leaves. This last is fairy-
like in its fineness, its leaves hanging in the most deli-
cate filaments. A little further along nestles the snow-
berry shaded by the over-arching glooms of beautiful
weeping European silver lindens. Back of the snow-
berry, with bending lance-like leaves which make you
think of thick sedge grass, lies a rich, cool bank of
Hemerocallis or day-lily which shows orange-hued
flowers in the summer. This brings us to a flight of
stone steps which ascends to the Walk leading to
the top of Breeze Hill. We shall not go up, but will
keep on, following the right hand border of the Walk.

Almost the first thing to greet you, beyond the steps,
is a European or English yew (Taxus baccata) with
dark green foliage and ragged trunk. The leaves of
the yew are noticeably pointed and droop somewhat
like damp feathers. A little back and beyond the yew
is a tall evergreen of broad base and conical top. This

46

is a Cephalonian silver fir (Abies Cephalonica) and
may be known by its stiff brush-like leaf sprays and
sharply pointed needles. Some elegant specimens of
this fir you passed on the first chapter's ramble, near
Vale Cashmere. Back of the Cephalonian silver fir,
up the slope of the hill are graceful hemlocks.

Close by the border of the Walk again you pass
Japan ground cypress of the variety pisifera and a little
further along, very near the corner of the border of
the Walk where a couple of steps drop to a small circle
of path, you will find Polish juniper. It has been
pruned until it is almost a stump, but its foliage is
healthy. It varies from our common juniper in its
dense, crowded, close-growing stiffer leaves, which are
very silvery on the upper sides. If you go down these
few steps and follow the arc of the path to the second
flight of steps up Breeze Hill, close by the corner you
will find Chinese arbor vitse .and by it a well clothed
Swiss stone pine. The pine you can easily identify
by its leaves in bundles of five. About halfway up
the flight of steps to Breeze Hill, close by the steps, is
another hemlock, and at the top of the steps, by its
right hand corner, is Cornelian cherry. Beside the
Cornelian cherry, to the right of it, stands an Ameri-
.can elm. Directly in front of the top of the steps
are two bushes of nine-bark. On the left of steps,
along the path leading into Old Fashioned Flower
Garden, are black walnut, American white ash, and
black walnut again near the spot where the path opens
out into the Old Fashioned Flower Garden. Opposite
this black walnut are European flowering ash and Eu-

47

ropean ash. Note the differences of these last two
trees.

Come back now to the point where we left the
Flower Garden, at the foot of the second flight of steps
and follow the arc of the walk border toward the
Lake. Right in the corner of the border is sycamore
maple and back of it about half way up the hill, is a
small Cedriis Dcodara or Indian cedar with beautiful
light glaucous green, larch-like leaves. Passing on,
south-westwards, following the Walk, when you come
about opposite the bust of Mozart, if you go over to
it and look at the evergreen that stands just behind
it you will find a very interesting thing to study. It
is the Cunning hamia Sinensis and gets its name from
the botanical collector, J. Cunningham, who discovered
its species in China about 1700. It is certainly a
beautiful conifer (cone-bearer), with long sweeping
leafsprays which give the tree something of a palm-
like look. Go up and examine its leaves, for they
are very handsome. These leaves are fully two inches
long, flat and pointed at the tip. From the tip they
gradually widen as they approach the stem, to which
they are attached in a peculiar way which botanists
term dccurrent, that is, running along the stem be-
yond the point of fastening. Near the Cunninghamia,
north of the Mozart Statue is a little evergreen shrub
with an appearance very much like that of the Irish
yew. It is the Chinese Podocarpus and its leaves are
linear-lanceolate and very noticeably decurrent.

In this vicinity the rhododendrons are very hand-
some. Come here in June when they are in their

48

glory. The dark crimson flowered is the ujohn
Waterer," the crimson, the "H. W. Sargent," the
rosy lilac, the "Everestianum," the cherry red,
"Charles Bagley." In the beautiful corner at the end
of the Flower Garden, very near the steps leading to
the sycamore or plane tree grove, are lovely masses
of Deutzia gracilis, very beautiful when in flower in
late May or June.

If you cross now to the east side of the Garden, and,
beginning at its south-east corner, walk toward the
Restaurant, you will pass Japan quince, Ghent Azalea
variety Bryant with yellow flowers in May, Japan
Ancuba with splashed and spotted leaves, slender
Deutzia, and the lovely Azalea amaena, with magenta-
crimson flowers in April. Mountain laurel is here and
European holly and rhododendrons, in glorious
bursts of bloom in June. Back of all these, like a mighty
green wall rise the green towers of magnificent Nor-
way maples, American basswoods and lindens, and back
of these, along the Drive, European lindens, European
silver lindens, and weeping European silver lindens.

Now we have come to a spot where seats, facing
the Drive, are placed in rows beneath rustling lindens
and elms. The spot is dear to the heart of the park
visitor and on a fine day when the driving is good,
not a seat is empty. The parade of fashion goes
by, the golden air whispers to the leaves overhead,
the birds carol unseen in the boughs, and cares and
troubles are forgotten. Behind this lovely spot is an
ornamental stone urn filled with the pretty bcllis daisy
and azaleas. Passing on, we come to the terrace with

49

its effective stone work. The face of its wall is covered
with Eitonymus radicans, var. varicgata. Back of
this place the velvet lawns are gracefully set with
choice things. Here is a handsome Teas's weeping
mulberry, and, in spots, clump the spike-like leaves of
the Yucca filamentosa, or Adam's needle, which send
up straight shafts from their midst, in mid-summer.
At the top of the shaft its bloom breaks forth in great
heads of white flowers. Majestic American elms
guard the upper edge of this lawn in a kind of half
ring and they seem to have been just the right trees
to set off the foliage of the basswoods, silver lindens,
tulip trees, Norway maples, sugar maples, English field
maples and sycamore maples which fill this lovely
spot with their shifting shadows and whispering
music.

About the Restaurant itself, the beautiful things
gathered there are too numerous to give in detail. We
can point out only a few. On the right, as you face
it there is a fine copper beech with rich copper colored
leaves and a Scotch elm grafted on the stock of U linns
fuk'a, near the terrace wall. Near the path at the
right-hand end of the Restaurant you will find the
beautiful little Japan parasol tree or umbrella pine
(S dado pity s vertidllata) with leaves in whorls of thir-
ty to forty at the extremities of the branches. Here,
too, are many Retinosporas, among them a very hand-
some squarrosa. Clustered about the eastern end of
the Restaurant, close by it, are garden hydrangea,
dwarf Japan catalpa and weeping Chinese lilac. On
the left of the Restaurant, close by it, are panicled hy-

clrangea, garden hydrangea and panicled hydrangea
again. Close by the little path on the left of the Res-
taurant is a handsome Teas's weeping mulberry, which
you may know by its mitten-like leaves so characteristic
of the mulberry. Over by the border of the lawn,
about half way along the Walk toward the driveway,
you will find another weeping tree, which at a distance
closely resembles that of the Teas's weeping mulberry.
But it is quite different when you look at its leaves.
This is the Kilmarnock weeping willow, and it is a
graft on the stock of the goat willow (Salix caprea).
as its leaves show. If you have any doubts about its
being a willow, come here early in spring and see its
little "pussies" scattered all along its stems. Near the
Kilmarnock willow is a beautiful double red-flowering
peach tree. Its bloom is something glorious, breaking
forth in early May into bursts of rich carmine-tinted
flowers. Catch these with the afternoon sunshine il-
luminating them and you will have a sight that will
be with you many a day. Further along on the Walk
are Picea excelsa, var. Gregoryiana, a low cushion-like
variety of the Norway spruce, known at once by its
form, which makes you think of the pictures of Eski-
mo huts in the geographies. Follow along here and
you pass Swiss stone pine, Kcclreuteria, and Ameri-
can basswood (tall and finely grown), and at the
point where the Walk meets the Drive at your right
is a spice bush (Benzoin benzoin) with a silver maple
just behind it. If you turn back again now and walk
toward the Arch (Cleft Ridge Span) you pass a row
cf three hickories, the far one being small mockernut ;

then several European flowering ashes, all easily
known by their short, squat trunks, gray brittle-looking
branches and compound leaves. Here, too, just beyond
the flowering ashes, are more Koelreuterias, weeping
English yew and well-grown Sophora Japonic a (one
just at the bend of the border, another close to the
Arch, on the right hand side). The Sophora Japonica
is an exceedingly interesting tree, and you meet it all
over the Park. It is well, therefore, to learn it early.
It belongs to the great pulse family, Lcgiuninoscc, as
its flowers and fruit show ; has greenish bark and
compound leaves which by the beginner are often mis-
taken for those of the locust. In August this tree puts
forth its bloom — great bunches of yellowish white
flowers, which later develop into glossy green string-
like pods that show very conspicuously. As you pass the
last Sophora, the Walk bends in sudden graceful curve
to the right toward the Cleft Ridge Span and just
around its corner you meet a very handsome Retino-
spora sqnarrosa. Its soft, silvery green foliage is
very beautiful, and it is rising in an exquisitely sym-
metrical cone. At one time I thought this shrub was
surely going to die, but it has recovered its vitality,
and since I have known it has almost doubled its
height. Beyond it and up the bank is another Camper-
down elm, and close beside the top of the Arch another
Sophora.

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 4

COMMON NAME

1. Tulip tree.

2. Nordmann's silver fir.

3. European linden.

4. European silver linden.

5. Sycamore maple.

6. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

7. Bhotan pine.

8. Colorado blue spruce.

9. Austrian pine.

10. English elm.

11. American chestnut.

12. Large flowered syringa.

13. Thunberg's barberry.

14. Van Houtte's spiraea.

15. Japan plum.

16. Red maple.

17. Pearl bush.

18. Variegated Weigela.

19. Mock orange or sweet

syringa.

20. American hornbeam.

21. Lilac.

22. Cherry birch.

23. Red oak.

24. Choke cherry.

25. Flowering dogwood.

26. Paper or canoe birch.

27. Swiss stone pine.

28. Common locust.

29. Red-flowering dogwood.

30. Camperdown elm.

31. Silve'r maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Abies Nordmanniana.
Tilia Europ&a.
Tilia Europaa, var. ar-

gentea.

Acer pscudoplatanus.
Negundo accroides.

Pinus excelsa.

Picea pungens.

Pinus Austriaca.

Ulmus campestris.

Costarica saliva, var. Amer-
icana.

Philadelphus grandifiorus.

Bcrberis Thunbergii.

Spiraa Van Houttei.

Prunus triflora.

Acer rubrum.

Exochorda grandiflora.

Diervilla rosea, var. foliis
varicgatis.

Philadelphus coronarius.

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Syringa vulgaris.

Betula lenta.

Quercus rubra.

Prunus Virginiana.

Cornus florida.

Betula papyrifera.

Pinus Cembra.

Robinia pseudacacia.

Cornus Horida, var. rubra.

Ulmus Montana, var. Cam-

perdoivnii pendula.
Acer dasycarpum.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

32. White oak.

33. Mockernut or white-

heart hickory.

34. English hawthorn.

(Pink double flowers.)

35. American white ash.

36. Scarlet oak.

37. Japan snowball.

38. Witch hazel.

39. Fragrant honeysuckle.

40. Californian privet.

41. Golden bell or Forsythia.

42. Purple barberry.

43. Common barberry.

44. Black oak.

45. Pignut hickory.

46. Broad-leaved European

linden.

47. Norway maple.

48. English cork bark elm.

49. American or white elm.

50. Siberian pea tree.

51. Yellow-wood.

52. Norway spruce.

53. Hemlock.

54. English field maple.

55. American white or gray

birch.

56. Hop tree or shrubby

trefoil.

57. Koelreuteria.

58. European beech.

59. Black cherry.

60. Black walnut.

61. Shellbark or shagbark

hickory.

62. American bassword.

63. Sassafras.

64. European or tree alder.

Quercus alba.
Carya tomcntosa.

Cratagus oxyacantha.

Fraxinus Americana.
Quercus coccinea.
Viburnum plicatum.
Hamamclis Virginia-no.
Loniccra Fragrantissima.
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
ForsytJiia riridissima.
Berbcris vulgaris, var. pur

purea.

Berberis vulgaris.
Quercus coccinea, var. tinc-

toria.

Carya porcina.
Tilia Europcea, var. plati-

phylla.

Acer platanoides.
Ulmus campcstris, var. sub

erosa.

Ulmus Americana.
Caragana arborescens.
Cladrastis tinctoria.
Picea excelsa.
Tsuga Canadcnsis.
Acer campestrc.
Betula populifolia.

Ptelea trifoliata.

Koelreuteria paniculata.
Fagus sylvatica.
Prunus scrotina.
Juglans nigra.
Carya alba.

Tilia A mericana.
Sassafras officinale.
Alnus glutinosa,

IV.
WILLINK ENTRANCE TO IRVING STATUE.

In this article we :tart at Willink Entrance, left hand
path, and, passing the things about this entrance de-
scribed in chapter two, proceed to a point where the
path forks into two branches, the right running over to
the Boat House, the left keeping straight on and paral-
lel with Ocean Avenue. We take the left and go south.

Just beyond the fork, at your left, are dense masses
of the beautiful Spircca Van Houttei, which in June
and early July are covered with clusters of white flow-
ers in heads that hang in almost bursting profusion
along their drooping, slender branches. When they are
in full bloom they seem like fountains of foam stilled
to sudden silence, pictures of frozen froth. The Spi-
rcca Van Houttei is very much like its sister, the Spi-
rcca Reevesiana, but its leaf is shorter (rhombic-ovate)
and rounded at the base ; whereas, the leaf of the
Reevesiana is more lance-like (lanceolate). In habit
of growth the Van Houttei is arching and drooping,
whereas the Recrcsiana is more bush-like in character.
As these are the more widely used spiraeas in the
Park, it is well to note their differences.

This is a beautiful section of the Park where we
are now. Here the tulip trees lift up the magnificent

58

towers of their strength; here the chestnuts unfold
the glory of their leaves ; here the dogwoods star the
path with bloom, here the birches hang the golden lace
of their flowering catkins, decking them as with fairy
vails. Here the violets spread their tender blue, lovely
to look upon, flushing the plushy grass. Here the
peabody bird sends out his clear sweet call in the leaf-
less days of early spring, and here the squirrel threads
his trembling highways, while the breezes come and
go through the whispering trees, speaking of woodlands
and the solace of green things, gently waving to every
breath of air.

Beyond the Fan Houttei on the left of the Walk,
and close to it, there are two majestic tulip trees, which
look as if they might be twin columns of what was
once some noble forest Parthenon, and just beyond
them you will find (on the right) more bushes of
the Spircea Van Houttei. Back of these are a row
of cherry birches. On the left, as you pass along,
about diagonally opposite the Van Houttei is a good
clump of the pretty Thunberg's barberry and
a choke cherry just beyond it. At this point
you ought to be about opposite a lamp-post
on the Drive; and about midway between you
and the post is a fine red oak (Quercus rubra). A
little further on, are American chestnut and then sev-
eral dogwoods close together. Here it will be worth
your while to cut across to the Drive for a moment
and have a look at the things on edge of its bank, as it
bends to go south. Here is a beautiful white canoe
birch and almost on the point of the turn a good

59

Nordmann silver fir. Just south of the Nordmann
you will find a clump of three Austrian pines bunched
close together very near a lamp-post. The little coni-
fer just south-east of the lamp-post is not Austrian
pine, but Swiss stone pine (Pinus Cembra).

Let us now come back to the path again and continue
on south. At about the crest of the rise, on your
right, you will find black oaks, two fairly near to-
gether, tall, strong, majestic. You can know them
by their hard, dark, grayish bark, and strong,
close ridges. Beyond, you pass common locust
Robinia pseudacacia, just over the brow of the rise,
as the path begins to descend. A little further on, if
you are walking in dogwood days, you will have a treat
indeed in the little clump of red-flowering dogwood
(Cormis Honda, var. rubra). There are several of
them here, on the left of the Walk, and they are very
dainty and delicate, with beautiful rose-red flower
bracts rolled back in all their tender loveliness. Just
beyond these dogwoods you meet the peculiar Cam-
perdown elm with its umbrella shape, several of which
you have already seen over by Cleft Ridge Span. You
can't mistake this tree and it will serve as a land-
mark to find the things about it. Almost opposite
to it, in about the middle of the grassy slope, between
you and the Drive, is a fine mockernut hickory (Carya
touicntosa) and a little below the hickory on the
slope still, is a goodly Austrian pine, which will serve
as another landmark. Just across from the Austrian
pine, just west of it on the very edge of the Drive is
an excellent young Nordmann's silver fir. Coming

6o

back to the Walk again below the Camperdown elm
and directly opposite the Austrian pine just spoken of
are two lovely little pink double flowered English
hawthorns (Cratccgus oxycantha, var. flore pleno).
They are beautiful things to see in May. Don't
miss them. Below these, you meet close to the Walk,
on the left, another mockernut hickory with tall straight
trunk so characteristic of the hickory, and very close
to it, hiding just behind it to the south-east you will
find the beautiful E.rochorda grandiflora or pearl bush,
cultivated from China for its large white flowers, which
have spoon shaped petals, and come out in long axil-
lary racemes in May or June. It is a very beautiful
shrub and gets its name from the Latin c.vo, external
and chord e, a thong, referring to the structue of the
fruit. Opposite the E.rochorda on the right of the Walk
and close by its border is Thunberg's barberry (Ber-
beris Thunbcrgii). This barberry is very widely used
in the Park and it is well to get to know it early. It
is a dainty shrub, with fine delicate brittle leaves and
grows low. But for all its daintiness it has plenty
of spikes and very sharp they are as you will find
if you get too familiar with it. It nestles here in
two large clumps on either side of a majestic tulip
tree, and these clumps are joyous sights in late au-
tumn especially if you come upon them on a bright
frosty sunshiny day all sparkling with the jewels
of their rich red berries. Into these bushes the au-
tumn winds tearing over the slope drive the flying
leaves in shoals and the little Thunbergs seem to give
them restful shelter from their roaming and for reward

6i

for coming to them hang rubies all about them. But
we must say a word about the mighty tulip that rises
so majestically here. It is one of the handsomest
tulip trees in the Park and magnificently set, especially
if you see it from a point a little further along on
the Walk. It rises on its straight columnar trunk
and flings out its branches like a giant stretching his
mighty arms. Come here and see it when it sets the
blazonry of its seed "cones" against the clear blue
of the winter's sky. Pure white they gleam in the
sunshine, a joy to your eye, thrilling you through and
through with their beauty.

Over by the Drive almost directly west of this noble
tulip tree, you will find a very handsome black oak
and just south of it, along the Drive, a good specimen
of scarlet oak.

Coming back to the Walk again, you pass, below
the stretch of Thunberg's barberry, great masses
of the Spircca Van Houttei which in June are foaming
fountains of white bloom and further along, still on
your right, are clusters of the variegated Weigela
which, in June also, are laden with beautiful
funnel form flowers so fragrant that their perfume
is almost overpowering. How the bees love them.
They crawl into their fairy crypts and go to sleep,
rocked in their pearly walls as in a cradle, swaying with
the gentle zephyrs of June. On the left of the Walk,
just below the Weigela are fragrant honeysuckle
(Loniccra fragrantissiiua) bushes covered in very early
spring with sweet smelting frost-white flowers softly
tinged with yellow. Below the honeysuckle bushes

62

are clumps of Californian privet and set in between the
privet and the honeysuckle is a lovely ash-leaved maple
which leans out over the Walk, and, in early spring,
(April), drapes its boughs with the fairy reddish lace
of its flower clusters. In its blooming the ash-leaved
iraple is the very essence of grace and loveliness. Very
close to the fragrantissima and about opposite the sec-
ond clump of Wcigela, you will find witch hazel. Try
to see it in the autumn when it sets all its tiny yel-
low ribbons of bloom fluttering in the air. You can
know it by its oval lop-sided leaves. All these are
on the left of the Walk. On the right, about opposite
this point, are masses of common and purple barberry
and Forsythia inridissima, at the bend of the cross
walk which leads over to the Flower Garden. Just
back of these there are magnificent clumps of Japan
snowball (Viburnum plicatum) which in late May
or June are hung heavily with great balls of white
bloom.

Now you have come to a second cross path, one
end of which (the left) runs out to a little swing
gate opposite Lincoln Road, the other leads across
the Drive to the Flower Garden. Close by the little
swing gate are two stalwart black walnuts. Keeping
on straight ahead almost opposite the carriage way
to the rear of the Restaurant, almost in the middle
of the grassy bank on your right, rises a European
linden (Tilia Europea) of the true type, with fine
leaves delicately cut and long sweeping drooping lower
branches. This tree has the true dusky smoky black
of the European linden. A little further, directly oppo-

63

site the Restaurant's driveway is a fine Norway maple
and there are more of them right around it here. Close
beside the driveway, further on, not far from a lamp-
post, you will find, English cork-bark elm (Ulnins
suberosa) which you can know at once by its heavy
cork-ridged limbs and rugged trunk. The tree has a
rough, tough expression which you can easily get to
know on sight. Lamp-posts are good landmarks and
very near to the one here, just east of it, close by the
Walk, is a fine sycamore maple (Acer pseudo-
platanus). It gets its name from a resem-
blance of its leaves to those of the common
buttonball (Platanns), "false-platanus." Compare
the leaves .of the two trees. On the oppo-
site side of the Walk, a little below the syca-
more maple you will find the pretty Siberian pea tree
(Caragana arboresccns) with its leaflets in pairs and
}ellow flowers when in bloom and, below the Siberian
pea, stands a yellowwood. Opposite the Siberian pea
tree, on the right of the Walk is a black cherry
(Primus serotirm) which you can pick out at onc£
by its rough, scaly bark. Its bark makes you think
something of the Kentucky coffee tree, but the coffee
tree excels it in roughness. On the border of the
Drive a little south and west of the black cherry is
a small hemlock, with its fine and feathery foliage
waving a pleasing contrast. There is always a forest
glint about the foliage of the hemlock. Opposite the
hemlock is Norway maple, and another just south,
near the border of the Drive. Then come a few Eng-
lish field maples (Acer campestre) with short sturdy

64

trunks and branches thrown squarely out from the
shoulder. The bark of these is rough and tough like
the bark of the English elm. The tree has much the
look of a Norway maple and especially so at the time
of bloom, for its flowers are corymbiform like those
of the Norway and have very much the same appear-
ance. But they are of a duller green. The leaf of
the English maple has a squarish, bluntish cut, is
rather small and usually five lobed. In general, it
looks like a smaller edition of the leaf of the Norway
maple, with lobes trimmed short and rounded. It is
a sturdy stocky tree and one you grow to love dearly.
You are now very near the Irving Statue and the
Drive crossing. Just before you come to the cross-
ing, a few feet in front of the lamp-post which stands
on the extreme turn O'f the Walk, on the edge of the
border, you come to a tree which it is well to get to
know early in your rambles for you meet it all over
the Park. It is not a large tree, and grows generally
with a rather round-headed form, "all head and shoul-
ders." It is the Kcelreuteria paniculata from China
and takes its name from Koelreuter, a German bota-
nist. You may easily know it by its pinnate leaves
made up of about a dozen coarsely toothed leaflets.
In early July this tree bears great clusters of hand-
some yellow flowers which at once mark it from afar.
These flowers ripen quickly into strange looking blad-
dery pods which are very conspicuous and very queer
looking objects to the eye that knows them not. They
are especially noticeable in autumn. This particular
Kcclreutcria before us now stands, as has been said,

65

almost at the end of the right hand bank of the Walk,
just where the Walk meets the Drive to cross over to
the terrace wall of the Flower Garden.

To go back a moment, notice about opposite the hem-
lock and the Norway maple which you passed just
above, the fine yellow-wood with its smooth branches
and long compound leaves. You can pick out a yel-
low-wood almost by the look of its bark, a smooth
slate gray, not quite so light and plump as the beech
nor so silvery as the silver linden but nevertheless
very smooth and satin-like to the eye, especially in
winter. Its leaves are compound, alternate and odd-
pinnate with the bases of the petioles hollow. The
leaves are made up of from seven to eleven oval or
ovate leaflets about three to four inches long and
are of a beautiful light green color. The flowers of
the yellow-wood are very dainty and pretty and hang
in long drooping panicles of pure white in late June
or early July with something of the fragrance of the
common locust's flowers. The flowers develop into
pods about two inches long and are ripe in August.

About opposite the Koclreutcria, on your left, as you
walk on south, you pass an interesting bush with its
k-aves in threes. It is the Ptclca trifoliate, the hop
tree or shrubby trefoil. It gets its name Ptclea from
its fruit, which is elm-like, ptclca being Greek for
elm. Its fruit is wafer like, and does indeed look
very much like the samara of the elm, but on an en-
larged scale. This shrub blooms in June with green-
ish white flowers in terminal heads or cymes and
these in turn develop into conspicuous clusters of

66

wafer-like fruit with broad winged margins notched
a little at the ends. There are many of these shrubs
in the Park and quite a number of them are of the
golden leaved variety, with bright yellow leaves in
early spring and summer. Beyond the Ptelea, on the
same side of the Walk, you will find another Koclren-
teria and beyond the Koclr criteria, European beech.
This brings us to the Irving Statue, directly opposite
the Flower Garden.

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 5

COMMON NAME

1. Single-leaved European

ash.

2. European beech.

3. Swiss stone pine.

4. Reeve's spiraea. (Dou-

ble flowered).
.5. Black or pear hawthorn.

6. Reeve's spiraea. (Single

flowered).

7. Van Houtte's spiraea.

8. European flowering ash.

9. Shadbush, June berry, or

service berry.

10. Fragrant honeysuckle.

11. Weigela.

12. Ninebark.

13. Striped maple or moose-

wood.

14. Fringe tree.

15. Hemlock.

16. Yellow-wood.

17. Weigela.

18. Paper or canoe birch.

19. Norway spruce.

20. American white ash.

21. Hop tree or shrubby

trefoil.

22. Judas tree or redbud.

23. Red cedar.

24. Pyramidal variety of

American arbor vitae.

25. Oriental spruce.

26. Black haw.

27. Silver maple.

28. Red maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Fraxinus excelsior, var.

monophylla.
Fagus sylvatica.
Pinus Cembra.
Spircca Rcevcsiana, var. ftorc

plena.

Cratccgus tomcntosa.
Spircea Rcevcsiana.

Van Houttci.
Fraxinus ornus.
Amelanchicr Canadcnsis.

Lome era fragrantissima.
Diervilla amabilis.
Physocarpus (or Spircca) op

uli folia.
Acer Pennsylvanicum.

Chionanthus Virginica.
Tsuga Canadcnsis.
Cladrastis tinctoria.
Diervilla amabilis.
Betula papyrifcra.
Picea excclsa.
Fraxinus Americana.
Ptelea trifoliata.

Cercis Canadensis.
Juniper us Virginiana.
Thuya occidcntalis, var. pyra-

midalis.

Picea Oricntalis.
Viburnum prunifoliuin
Acer dasycarpnni.
Acer rubnun.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

29. Norway maple.

30. Flowering dogwood.

31. European linden.

32. Broad-leaved European

linden.

33. European silver linden.

34. Weeping European sil-

ver linden.

35. Bridal wreath spiraea.

36. European silver linden.

37. Cucumber tree.

38. Umbrella tree.

39. Sycamore maple.

40. Arrowwood.

41. Tulip tree.

42. Austrian pine.

43. Fly honeysuckle.

44. Bristly locust.

45. Silver bell or snowdrop

tree.

46. False indigo.

47. Washington thorn.

48. Chinese quince.

49. English elm.

50. Kentucky coffee tree.

51. Black cherry.

52. Choke cherry.

53. English hawthorn.

54. Weigela.

55. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

56. Sycamore maple.

57. Sassafras.

58. White pine.

59. Flowering dogwood.

60. Persimmon.

61. American hornbeam.

62. Cherry birch.

63. Broad-leaved European

linden.

Acer platanoides.

Cornus Horida.

Tilia Europoza.

Tilia Europata, var. plati-

phylla.
Tilia Europcea, var. argen-

tea (or alba).
Tilia Europaa, var. argcntca

(or alba} pendula.
Spircca prunifolia.
Tilia Europcca, var. argcntca

(or alba}.

Magnolia acuminata.
Magnolia umbrella.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Viburnum dent a turn.
Liriode n dro n tu lip if era.
Pinus Austria ca.
Lonicera xylosteum.
Robinia hispida.
Halesia tetraptera.

Amorpha fructicosa.
Cratagus cordata.
Cydonia Sinensis.
Ulmus campestris.
Gymnocladus Canadcnsis.
Primus scrotina.
Prunus Virginiana.
Cratagus oxyacantha.
Dicrvilla amabilis.
Negundo aceroides.

Acer pseudoplatanus.
Sassafras oflicinale.
Pinus strobus.
Cornus florida.
Diospyros Virginiana.
Carpinus Caroliniana.
Be tula lenta.
Tilia Europcea, var. plati-
phylla.

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

64. E road-leaved European Tilia Euroficca, var. plati-

linden. phylla.

65. Kcelretiteria. Kaclrcutcria paniculata.

66. English field maple. Acer campcstrc.

67. Lilac. (White flowers.) Syringa vulgaris, var. alba.

V.
IRVING STATUE TO OCEAN AVENUE ENTRANCE.

In this ramble we start at the Irving Statue, op-
posite the Flower Garden, and walk south to Ocean
Avenue Gate. Along this Walk there are many in-
teresting things to see.

Just below the Statue, at the left of the Walk, as
you face south you find the queer single-leaved ash
(Fraxinus excelsior, var, monophylld). It is queer,
because, as a rule, ash trees have compound leaves.
You can know it at once by its thick, rough, heavy
looking bark. A glance at this alone gives you the hint
of its kinship with Fraxinus. Try to see it in the
early spring, when it sends out little spurts of fine
purplish bloom, peculiar sights on its bare branches,
looking very much like small tufted plumes. Below
the single-leaved ash is a handsome European beech,
easily known by its smooth gray bark, and wavy, hairy
margins of its leaves which are not toothed. Below the
beech is a good sized young Swiss stone pine (Finns
Cembra). This tree is doing well here and in winter is
very handsome with its rich dark green, lightened a lit-
tle by the glaucous bloom on its leaves. If you ex-
amine the leaves of this tree you find that they are
clustered five in a fascicle and are distinctly three

73

sided in shape. Cut a leaf across and you have a
perfect triangle.

On the right of the Walk, close beside the Drive
and just back of the lamp-post there, you will find
a well grown hawthorn, very handsome in May, with
abundant white flowers, in showy heads. It is the
black or pear hawthorn, (Cratcugus touientosa). Near
it, but overarching the Walk is the interesting shad-
bush (Amclanchier Canadensis) or June berry. It
blooms in late April and tips up its little white, cherry-
like blossoms in racemes at the ends of its branches,
before the leaves are fully out. They are very dainty
and fairy-like and sights you love to see when so many
limbs are bare and wintry looking. The Amclanchier,
speaking of winter, has a mark by which you can know
it afar off. Once get in your eye its silvery gray bark
marked with fine streaking lines and you will never
forget the shadbush. To the right of the shadbush,
near the Drive are European flowering ashes (Fra.vi-
nus ornus) easily picked out by their short squat
trunks, brittle, grayish branches and compound
leaves. The leaflets have their edges crinkled
and curled. Passing on, we come to masses of
Wcigcla, covered in June with sweet smell-
ing rose-pink flowers. Back of the masses of
Wcigcla, half hidden by them, a young striped maple
(Acer Pennsyk'anicnni) lifts up its slender stretch of
bark which it is worth while to stop and look at. Do
you see those pretty fine lines striping it so gracefully.
From these it gets its common name. Its leaves are
broad, three lobed, with beautiful, long pointed tips.

74

But the best sight the striped maple has to show is
its bloom. Try to catch it in late April or early
May, when it is letting down its lovely fairy-like ra-
cemes of tenderest green. It is then the very essence
of grace and delicacy. The leaf of the striped maple
has a decided goose-foot look. Beyond the striped
maple are European beech (note its tender leaves with
edges entire, frilled with delicate hairs) and European
flowering ash again.

A few feet further along, on the right of the Walk
we meet a yellow-wood, and back of the yellow-wood,
about half way toward the Drive is a white paper
or canoe birch (Betula papyrifera). As there are sev-
eral varieties of white birch near here, it is a good
place to note their distinguishing features. The
canoe or paper birch has long, ovate, taper-pointed,
heart-shaped leaves ; the American white or gray birch
has triangular shaped leaves, very conspicuously taper
pointed and very truncate at their broad bases. This
is the Betula populifolia or poplar leaved birch. If
you know the leaf of the Lombardy poplar you will see
the significance of this name. Another white birch,
very frequent in the Park is the European white birch,
Betula alba, with rather deltoid leaves and, in the cut-
leaved variety, laciniata, very beautifully in-cut. These
are the usual varieties of the white birch in the Park
and you can tell them at once by their leaves. The
canoe birch, at its best, has a brilliant chalky white
bark, a very beautiful specimen of which you will
find near the Plaza Entrance, described in the first
chapter of this book.

75

But, to go on, we find some more yellow-woods
and then three very beautiful European beeches. Com-
pare their soft, toothless leaves with those of our own
beech. Our own is strongly toothed, and looks like
a broadened form of the chestnut leaf. Then we
come to Norway spruce, sparse and thin, not doing
very well for some reason and then to a lusty paper
birch, side by side with European beech. Next to
these we have a good tall American white ash and
beyond the ash, hop tree (Ptelea trifoliata). Then
come Kcclrcuteria, American ash again, (close beside
the Walk) with its strongly individualized bark, and
then sturdy English maple (Acer campestre}. If you
should happen to see an English maple bloom don't
mistake it for a Norway maple, as I have frequently
known people to do. It has its flowers in a corymb
like that of the Norway maple but its green is darker.
Look at the leaves. They will set you right. A lit-
tle open stretch follows and we come to American ash
again. Just beyond, indeed almost beside it, we meet
an evergreen which at once arrests attention by its
beautiful dark green short blunt leaves. If you look
at its bark you will see that it is dashed and splashed
with grayish-white. This grayish-white is resin and
the tree is a fine specimen of Oriental spruce (Picea
Orientalis). It is distinctly conical in form and you
can tell it by this shape, and by its blunt, short, dark
green needles scarcely half an inch long.

Up to this point, easily marked by the conical form
of the Oriental spruce, you have passed on your left,
beginning at the Irving Statue, single leaved ash, Eu-

76

ropean beech, Swiss stone pine, double flowered
spircca (very handsome in July), fragrant honeysuckle
(Lonicera fragrdntissima) and fringe tree (Chionan-
thus Virginica), opposite the yellow-wood. We must
stop here to say a word about the fringe tree. If ever
a thing botanical was well named, this is. Come and
see it in flower in June when it is draped through and
through with beautiful fringe-like bloom, so purely
white, that it has won its other name Chionanthus from
the Greek words for snow and blossom. The white
petals are an inch long and very slender. The fruit
of the tree is a blue purple berry which the birds
love dearly. Beyond the fringe tree and considerably
to its left, standing quite alone in a lovely open space,
where in June it is knee deep in waving grasses, stands
a graceful young hemlock. It stands so conspicuously
alone, you cannot mistake it. The hemlock is to me
a tree full of grace and loveliness. Every breeze that
blows moves its fine fingering branches which flutter
tenderly and seem to reach for the passing breeze and
play with it as with living fingers. If you go near
to it, when the breeze is whispering to it, how delicate
is the music of its leaves.

Passing on, along the Walk we meet another fine
yellow-wood, with antler-like growth of branches,
smooth and clean cut of limb, a delight to the eye.
Beyond the yellow-wood a burst of Weigela will wel-
come you with lovely pink and white corollas if you
ramble here in June and, considerably along the path,
about opposite a European beech, is the stump of a
Judas tree. It was once a beauty but disasters of

77

winter, ice and sleet and whistling winds have not
left much of it. As you go on south, you come to three
tall spire-like trees, with their tops a little bent from
the perpendicular. The first is a red cedar, the other
two, southward, are American arbor vitse of the vari-
ety "pyramidalis" (Thuya occidentals, "car. pyram-
idalis). Their tops were bent by ice storms. I passed
them one winter not long ago after an ice storm had
swept the Park with its lovely beauty but awful havoc
and these three trees were bowed, as if in prayer,
their heads bent almost to the ground, glittering with
ice- jewels, but almost ready to crack apart. When the
sun came with its silent golden hammers and broke
the fettering ice, they lifted, but they never regained
the straight minaret-like spires of their former days.
Just beyond these three trees you come to two more
Oriental spruces, known at once, as has been said,
by their dark green masses of foliage, short,
blunt needles, conical forms and resin painted trunks.
They stand just a few feet south of their handsome
kinsman on the other side of the Walk.

Let us come back now to this very tree where we
left off and follow the path southwards, noting
the things on the right hand side until we come to
a point that cannot be mistaken. Then we will come
back again and note the things on the left of the Walk.

We start with the Oriental spruce on the right of
the Walk. Nestling close behind the conifer, like a
shy young girl behind her grandfather, peeps out a
dainty little black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) with
oval, smooth, finely-cut leaves. In May it is covered

with flowers in flat-topped clusters and in Septem-
ber it is hung full of blue black sweet berries. In
form it looks like a hawthorn but you will not find
any thorns on it. Not far from the black haw a good
sized silver maple flings over the Walk the dancing
shade of its finely cut leaves. The silver maple has
become so common as a street tree in cities that
many pass it by with but little notice. Yet what a
beautifully cut leaf it has. Close to the silver
maple stands a red maple. You will know
it by its three pointed or lobed leaf. There are
several of these red maples very close together here
and very beautiful they are in early spring, when their
boughs are covered with dainty crimson flowers. Then
you can see and know them afar off. A little further
along stands a fine Norway maple, equally handsome
in spring when it sets its brilliant green corymb-like
flowers in an almost uncontrollable burst of bloom
all over its branches. Then come dogwood, so lovely
in May, and European linden of the broad-leaved vari-
ety, (Tilia Europcea, var: platyphylla) , then a well
grown fringe tree and then a plump silver linden ( Tilia
Eur opera, var. argentea or alba) with well defined su-
gar-loaf form, light ashen gray or mouse gray, smooth
bark, and large cordate or sub-orbicular leaves, smooth
dark green on top, but very white and silvery on the
undersides. You cannot mistake this tree. Its limbs
spring out from the trunk low down. It is a very hand-
some tree and when the wind plays with its large
silvery leaves, the whole tree fairly burns with life
and light. Beyond you will find the pendulous variety

79

of this species of European silver linden, with leaves
noticeably shorn off sharply on one side. The next
larger tree on this side of the Walk is European silver
linden again, and in between the two silver lindens,
is a lovely specimen of the bridal wreath spiraea (Spi-
rcca prunifolia). This spiraea bears white wreath-like
flowers, hanging four or five together in little
bunches or umbels all along the gracefully bending
stems. It blooms in late April or early May. Be-
,yond the silver linden is cucumber tree (Magnolia
acinninata) , easily known by its pale green, thin leaves,
pointed at both ends, and from five to ten inches long.
Its fruit grows to resemble a small sized cucumber,
whence its name. This fruit is very conspicuous in
early autumn, showing crimson through its leaves at
quite a distance. Not far from the cucumber tree,
closer down to the Drive is an umbrella tree and as
these trees are often mistaken for each other, it is
a good place to note how different they are, as they
stand here almost side by side. The umbrella tree
is Magnolia umbrella and has very large paddle-shaped
leaves from one to two feet long. They grow clus-
tered together at the ends of the branches and hang
down in a very umbrella-like way. The tree's habit of
growing its leaves in this manner has given it its com-
mon name. Its bark has the magnolia look, but the
bark of the cucumber tree is almost elm-like in char-
acter. Looking at its bark alone you would never
think it to be a magnolia. The cucumber tree has
pale yellowish-green flowers and the umbrella tree
white flowers. "Roth bloom some time in May. Beyond

8o

the cucumber tree is a fine sycamore maple, then dog-
wood, and then an excellent tulip tree which in June
loads itself with handsome chalice-like flowers, green-
ish yellow. Nestling close beside the tulip is a beautiful
clump of arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) with
leaves exquisitely cut (dentatum) all round their mar-
gins. You will know it by its saw-cut leaves. This
tulip tree stands about directly opposite the open space
of the Drive which leads into the "Carriage Con-
course."

Up to this point, you have passed on the left begin-
ning at the spot where the Oriental spruces stand close
together, about opposite the -handsome one on the right
of the Walk mentioned above ; — red maple, silver ma-
ple (opposite Norway maple), European linden (Tilia
Europaa), opposite dogwood, European linden again
(opposite two fine trees of the same kind). Notice
the dusky, smoky look of its bark and the almost
sooty black of its branches. Then come three rather
scrawny specimens of hemlock, one after the other.
For some reason they do not seem to be doing very
well. They stand about opposite the bridal-wreath
spirsea. Norway spruce, thin and scant of leaf, stands
about opposite the sycamore maple, and Austrian pine
about opposite the handsome tulip spoken of above.

Now let us go along from the tulip tree again,
continuing south, noting the things on the right of
the Walk. Just beyond it is bridal-wreath spiraea
again, then fringe tree and then a soft leaved honey-
suckle with yellow-white flowers in late May or early
June. This is Lonicera .rylostciim and its flowers are

8i

often slightly tinged with red. They are two lipped
and the upper lip (the broad one) is four-notched. Its
leaf is broadly oval, of a dull green, very pubescent
when young, but gets smooth later on. It is about from
one to three inches long. This bush bears dark red
berries. The flowers are white at first but soon
change to yellow. Just beyond this honeysuckle you
come to a cluster of three sycamore maples, fine trees
all of them, with large, splendidly developed leaves.
You remember this sycamore maple has leaves very
much like the American buttonwood. From this re-
semblance it gets its botanical name pscudo — (false)
and platan us (plane tree or buttonwood). The flowers
of the sycamore maple are very curious looking things.
They come soon after the leaves appear, in long, pen-
dulous cone-shaped racemes of dull green. They are
quite conspicuous and you cannot fail to see them if
you are near the tree at its flowering time. These
racemes soon develop into close clusters of fruit called
"keys" or "samaras." The leaf of the sycamore
maple is thick and coarse of texture, cordate, with
five lobes crenately toothed and always on noticeably
reddish stems or petioles. The fruit hangs on the
tree long after the leaves fall in the autumn. After
the sycamore maples you meet a bush of rambling
sprawling branches and locust-like leaves. It is the
bristly locust (Robinia hispida) and beyond it is a
well grown clump of lilac which decks itself gorgeously
in May with white flowers. Next to the lilac is
Amorpha frncticosa, of the great Leguminosce or pulse
family and in late May or early June sends out deep

82

violet, indigo flowers clustered in terminal spikes. Its
common name is false indigo. Beyond this bush is
a little halesia or snow-drop tree with which you no
doubt have already become well acquainted. Try to
see the halesia in early spring. At that time it seems
the very essence of spring itself, and its pearly white
flower bells with their hanging clapper-like pistils,
seem to ring out "purity, purity, purity," through
the leafing trees from all their silent little bell?. There
is a music that is soundless and that is the music of
a flower to the eye. Such music bells the halesia in
spring. But you can know it when it is not in bloom by
its bark, which is distinctly marked with longitud-
inal lines. Its leaves are very soft and velvety, oblong
egg-shape, from two to four inches in length,
and finely serrate. If it be in fruit, you can surely
know it by its seed which is distinctly four-winged ; —
hence its name Halesia tetraptera, (tetra, Greek for
four and ptera, wing). As we go along, we meet, still
on the right, a young Washington thorn (Cratccgus
cor data) with small leaves very noticeably triangular
in form. It blooms in middle or late May with ter-
minal corymbs of white flowers which develop into
small scarlet berries in September. These hang upon
the tree late into the winter and they are cheery,
glowing sights when all the paths are stilled with the
driven snow. As you go on south two pretty young
black haws lean out over the Walk to you. The sec-
ond is very near a lamp-post that stands by the Drive.
This will show you where you are. Just beyond the
lamp-post is black cherry (Primus scrotina) with

§3

smooth green leaves and rugged bark. Then two more
black haws and then a pretty English hawthorn
(Cratccgus oxyacantha) with smooth, obovate leaves
deeply cut in at the lobes and distinctly wedge shaped
at the base. This also bears white flowers in May.
But, although there are many white flowered English
hawthorns in the Park, there are also many which
bear single and double pink, and crimson flowers. Be-
yond the English hawthorn is choke cherry (Primus
Virginiana), then black haw again and then a cluster
of beautiful pink and white flowered Weigela, (Dier-
rilla auiabilis) . Further on, that you may know the
spot, you pass several Oriental spruces, one after the
other. About here, the Walk bends around to meet the
Drive, and at its very corner is a fine sycamore maple.
Going back now to the tulip tree opposite the point
where the Drive opens into the Carriage Concourse,
and following south again, noting the things on the
left of the Walk, you pass Austrian pine (opposite
bridal wreath spiraea) ; Pyramidal arbor vitae (oppo-
site sycamore maple) ; Oriental spruce (opposite lilac
and amorpha) ; Chinese quince (Cydonia Sinensis) op-
posite the two black haws which stand just north of
the lamp-post by the Drive. This is a peculiar tree
and worth noticing. It looks in winter as if it might
be a hornbeam. It bears beautiful pink flowers in
spring and has thick finely serrate roundish leaves,
almost leathery in texture. Beyond the Chinese quince,
is English elm, then, close to the Walk a cucumber
tree. Back from the Walk is a good sized Kentucky
coffee tree, tall, rather Y-form in habit of branching,

with rough, scaly bark and leaves twice pinnately com-
pound. Its flowers are greenish-white and show con-
spicuously in panicles at the ends of its branches, ap-
pearing usually in June. Then we come to cucum-
ber tree again and then to several umbrella trees clus-
tered close together. Beyond the umbrella trees, back
from the Walk, is tulip tree and beyond, close to the
Walk, ash-leaved maple. The next tree along the
path is silver maple, then sycamore maple, Norway
maple, ash-leaved maple, broad-leaved European lin-
den, cherry birch, Norway spruce, flowering dogwood
and ash-leaved maple at the end of the Walk on the
left just as you go out to Ocean Avenue. In the little
section made by the fork of the path with the Drive
you will find an interesting tree close by the fence,
about midway between the path and the Drive. It
is the persimmon tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and in
September when the frosty sparkling days come you
will see its yellow globose berries about an inch long,
showing plainly on its branches. The frost ripens the
berries. This brings you to Ocean Avenue, but be-
fore you go home take a look at the large leaved
maple trees that have been set along the sidewalk.
They are rich crimson in early spring when they leaf.
They are Schwedler's maples, varieties of the Norway
maple.

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 6

COMMON NAME

1. Oriental plane tree.

2. Yellow birch.

3. Hackberry or sugar-

berry.

4. European hornbeam.

5. American basswood.

6. Tulip tree.

7. European or tree alder.

8. Umbrella tree.

9. American or white elm.

10. Soulange's magnolia.

11. Indian bean or southern

catalpa.

12. Norway spruce.

13. European larch.

14. Austrian pine.

15. Scotch pine.

16. European flowering ash.

17. Kcelreuteria.

18. Japan quince.

19. Variegated Weigela.

20. Judas tree or red bud.

21. American white or gray

birch.

22. Golden bell or Forsythia.

23. Weeping European

larch.
24; American hornbeam.

25. American hornbeam.

26. Oleaster.

27. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

28. Mock orange or sweet
' syringa.

BOTANICAL NAME

Platanus Orientalis.
Betula lutea.
Celtis Occidentalis.

Carpinus betulus.
Tilia Americana.
Liriodendron tulipifera.
Alnus glutinosa.
Magnolia umbrella.
Ulmus Americana.
Magnolia Soulangcana.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Picea excelsa.

Larix Europ<za.

Pinus Austriaca.

Pinus sylvcstris.

Fraxinus ornus.

Kcelreuteria paniculata.

Cydonia Japonica.

Dicrvilla rosea, var. foliis

variegatis.
Cercis Canadcnsis.
Betula populifolia.

Forsythia viridissima.

Larix Europcea, var. pen-

dula.

Carpinus Caroliniana.
Ca rp inns Caro lin ia na.
El<?agnus angustifolia.
Negundo acer aides.

P h ila dclp Juts co ran a rius.

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

29. European larch.

30. Large-flowered syringa.

31. Red maple.

32. European bird cherry.

33. European hazel.

34. American hornbeam.

35. Weeping European sil-

ver linden.

36. Red maple.

37. Cherry birch.

38. Bush Deutzia.

39. American hornbeam.

40. Norway maple.

41. Hop tree or shrubby tre-

foil.

42. Black cherry and cherry

birch grown together.

43. Black haw.

44. Weeping bald cypress.

45. American white a:h.

46. American hornbeam.

47. European linden.

48. American basswood.

49. European silver linden,

50. Yellow willow.

51. Weigela.

52. Large-flowered syringa.

53. Ninebark.

54. Japan cedar.

55. Hemlock.

56. Noble silver fir.

57. Alcock's spruce.

58. Rhododendron.

59. Mountain laurel.

60. Chinese cork tree.

6 1. Catesby's Andromeda.

62. Japan ground cypress,

or Japan arbor vitae.
(Plume-leaved).

Larix Europcca. .

Philadclphus grandinorus.

Acer rubrum.

Prunus padus.

Corylus avcllana.

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Tilia Europaa, var. argcntea

(or alba) pcndula.
Acer rubrum.
Betula lenta.
Deutzia crcnata.
Carpinus Caroliniana.
Acer platanoides.
Ptelca trifoliata.

Prunus serotina and Betula
lenta

Viburnum prunifolium.

Taxodium distichum, var.
pendulum.

Frax'mus Americana.

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Tilia Europcca.

Tilia Americana.

Tilia Europ&a, var. argentea
(or alba}.

Salix.alba, var. vitellina.

Diervilla amabilis.

Philadelphus grandiflorus.

PJiysocarpus (or Spircea)
opulifolia.

Cryptomeria Japonica.

Tsuga Canadensis.

Abies no-bilis.

Picca Alcoquina.

Rhododendron everestianum.

Kalmia latifolia.

Phcllodendron Amurensc.

Andromeda Catesbai.

Chamcecyparis (or Rctinos-
pora} pisifera, var. pin-
mo sa.

89

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

63. Variegated English yew. Taxus baccata, rar. clcgan-

tissiuia.

64. Plume-leaved Er~lish Ulmns camfcstris, var. plu-

elm. mosa.

VI.

LINCOLN STATUE TO FIRST SUMMER HOUSE.

This ramble begins at the Lincoln Statue, south
of the Flower Garden, follows the path which leads
off to the west from the Walk on which the Statue
stands, and skirts the southern slope of Breeze Hill
to a point where the Walk breaks into two forks.
Here we stop, and, turning back, follow the lake
border to Ford Bridge.

Very near the end of the wall which bounds the
south-western corner of the Flower Garden, you will
find a hemlock. Directly back of the hemlock, up the
hill a little to the north-west is a rare conifer, well
worth your careful attention. You will know it by
its reddish bark stripped and shredded very much like
that of a red cedar. Look at its leaves. Do they
make you think of the claws of a cat? Examine
them closely and you will find that they are rather
four-sided, curved and taper gradually down from
a large sessile base to a sharp tip. This gives
each branch a rather hard, close look. If you exam-
ine this tree carefully you may see its cones, either
green (the new ones) or dull brown (the old ones)
clinging at the end of the branches. The form of
the tree is lofty and spire-like and its foliage is richly
dark green. What is it? Perhaps you have already

guessed it to be the Japan cedar (Cryptomeria
ica.) There are several of them along here and I
love to see them sway in the wind, gathering their
close hard branches about them and bowing with
stately and courtly grace, then lifting in noble dig1
nity, tall and fair and straight, swaying gently with
a silent majesty that is truly regal.

Beyond this point as you follow the path eastward,
are variegated English yew, whose dark, flat, sharp-
pointed leaves you have, no doubt, long since grown
to recognize at a glance; then Catesby's Andromeda
(differing from the Andromeda you met up in Vale
Cashmere, by its sharper, more taper pointed leaves)
which nestles close beside another Cryptomeria Japon-
ica. A little beyond the Cryptomeria, near the Walk,
is Chamcccyparis (or Rctinospora) pisifera. You
can know it by its flat leaf-sprays which branch in
rather gridiron manner. Further on you will find
mountain laurel with shining, glossy elliptic leaves,
then rhododendron with rosy-lilac flowers, and
just about opposite the point made by the
forking of the two branches of the Walk, you
will see two conifers of special note and beauty.
They stand side by side and are about of the same
height. You will know them at once by the decided
bluish cast to their silvery-green foliage. If you ex-
amine this, you will see that their needles first follow
along parallel with the stem and then bend sharply
up from it at right angles, making a kind of comb
of the branch. There you will have the key to their
identity and will know them to be very good speci-

92

mens of the noble silver fir. Close beside them,
to the west, rises a graceful weeping bald cypress
which you will do well to see in autumn. A search
about the base of this tree may reward you with a
sight of parts of their cones, for this tree bears them
very generously as you can see by looking at its up-
per branches. There you can behold them hanging,
little round balls, like small apples. But I don't
think you will find them whole, on the ground. If
you do you will be lucky.

Beyond the bald cypress, close by the Walk, is the
Japan arbor vitse chamaecyparis (or Retiiwspora] pisi-
fcra, "car. filifera. It is a small evergreen with thread-
like leaf-sprays.

About opposite this shrub, as you face the Lake,
on the border of the tongue of bank made by the fork
of Walks here, you will find some good specimens of
the white cedar (Chaincecyparis sphceroidea) with
glaucous-green foliage. Between the white cedars
and the tip of the tongue of bank, stands a red cedar,
and at the point of the tongue, a sapling bald cypress.

Up the slope of the hill, back of the rhododendron
which you just passed a moment ago, you will find
a fair specimen of the Alcock's spruce. You can dis-
tinguish it by its leaves, which are rather flattish-
four-sided ; curved, bluntly rounded at the tip, deep
green on the npperside and whitish beneath.

Turn now and follow the path around the terrace
which banks the Lake. You are now walking east-
ward and on your right, nearly in the center of the
grassy rise of bank between you and the water is

93

a stocky yellow birch. You know it at once by its
silvery gray-green bark tinged with copper. The bark
peels and curls in shreds and frayed ends which give
it a ragged appearance all its own.

Nearer the Walk stands a hackberry, identified
easily by the warty knobs and ridges on its trunk,
usually more pronounced on the bark near the ground.
If the warty ridges do not satisfy you, look at its
lop-sided long egg-shaped leaves which are very rough
on the uppersides and hairy on the undersides. The
fruit of the tree is a globular drupe or berry on a
single stem. This berry is yellowish in summer but
purple, when ripe in the autumn.

In the corner of the Walk, close by the water, on
your right stands a well foliaged European hornbeam.
The Walk curves around an arm of the water here
to a little peninsula which juts out into the Lake, just
north of Scarlet Island. A curved rail bounds the
Walk and cuts it off from this peninsula. If you
step over it and follow the shore of the Lake around
this peninsula you will find a fine American elm just
beyond the rail, then some umbrella trees, with their
large paddle-like leaves, and conspicuous crimson
fruits in September; then European tree alder, tulip
tree, and American basswood at the north-westerly
corner of the peninsula. Continuing on around, you
pass Chinese cork tree about south of the basswood.
This is an extremely interesting tree and you will
find it close by the water's edge, leaning out over it.
You can tell it by its opposite leaves which are odd-
pinnate and made up of about nine (there may

94

be more) leaflets. The leaflets are long, taper pointed.
Indeed its leaves look very much like those of the
ailanthus. They turn bright red in autumn and re-
main on the tree for quite a considerable time. The
fruit of this tree is small, black, and pea shaped and
hangs on the tree in winter in grape-like clusters. Be-
yond the Chinese cork tree you meet umbrella tree
again and again European alder, then American bass-
wood and at the far eastern corner of the bank, in
between the water and the rail, three umbrella trees
close together. A handsome young Soulange's mag-
nolia stands just back -(to the west) of the square
bend of the rail.

As you thread the tall grass of this pretty spot
look for two English .elms with plume-like heads, lift-
ing themselves up not unlike Lombardy poplars. These
stand just a little north-east of the Chinese cork tree
and you will know them by the plume-like wreathing
of their leaves. They are very odd varieties of the
English elm.

Now we will come back to the Walk again, trust-
ing that the Park authorities have given their per-
mission to our wanderings, and resume our investiga-
tions east and south-eastwards.

As you follow the Walk it bends gracefully around
to the south, leading you along a handsomely made
terrace which holds the water back in a gentle bay
north-east of Scarlet Island. This little bay is a beau-
tiful sight in summer when the Nelumbium is in the
height of its beauty, both in leaf and flower. Its
leaf is large cup-shaped, and peltate, that is, on a stem

95

attached within the margin of the leaf which in this
case is at the center. It is botanically known by the
name Nelumbium speciosum and its flowers are pink,
red, or white. Commonly it is called false lotus or
sacred bean of the Orient.

Floating on these quiet waters you will also see
the familiar water lily. This has a round leaf, cut
from the margin to the center with a single straight
incision and the leaf floats flat on the water, whereas
the leaf of the Nelumbium is lifted a foot or more
above the water on a thick stalk. After a rain it
is a pretty sight to see the water globules running
like mercury hither and thither in the cups of these
big leaves of the Nelumbium, as they toss with the
breeze.

As you go southwards, beyond the Fountain, at the
end of the railed terrace, are beautifuj beds of Cacti,
which are interesting sights in summer, and just after
you pass these, a grove of evergreens meets you on
the right. We hope you have noticed, as you came
along, the magnificent grove of Eastern plane trees
which make such a noble display all about the Lin-
coln Statue. They certainly are doing well. See how
different their leaves are from those of the American
plane tree or buttonwood. The leaf of the Eastern
variety is much more maple-like in its cutting.

But to go on, let us consider the grove beyond the
bed of Cacti. The first tree you meet on the right of
the Walk is Austrian pine, which you can identify by
its dark green leaves, two in a fascicle and about six
inches long. Beyond the Austrian pine is a Scotch

96

pine, with leaves two in a fascicle but only two to
four inches long. The leaves of the Scotch pine have
a decided twist and they are rather flattish near the
point. The cones of the two trees are quite differ-
ent, the Austrian's are about three times as large. The
cone of the Scotch pine is small and its scales are
distinctly quadrangular. Almost in a direct line, north-
west from the Austrian pine, looking toward Scarlet
Island, are European larch and two Norway spruces.
Next to the Scotch pine is a European flowering ash,
which bears greenish white fringe like flowers in clus-
ters along its branches.

At this point a little branch path runs off to the
right toward the Lake. Follow it for a moment to
its end then come back to the Walk from which it
sprang. You will pass on the right European larch,
Koclrcnteria, and Scotch pine. On the left you pass
Forsythia viridissima , variegated Weigela and Japan
quince at the end of the path, by the water. Coming
back to the larger Walk now, beside the mass of For-
sythia viridissima, there are two more thriving bushes
of Japan quince. Just back of the quince lifts up an
European weeping larch, which I think one of the
handsomest in the Park. It is a perfect type of the
Lanx Eiwopaa, var. pendula. In early spring it is
a marvel of fairy green, a floating cloud of lace, and
as the season advances and summer breathes upon
it, it covers itself with cascade upon cascade of drip-
ping green, like a fountain, dropping its waters from
terrace to terrace. Through its soft and graceful
vail its cones can be seen clinjnnf. In winter these

97

give the tree an added beauty, standing out in con-
spicuous jet against the sky.

Near the Walk, just beyond this beautiful larch,
is an American white birch, and, beside it, leaning
out over the Lake, a well grown Judas tree. Here
we have come to a spot where the Lake whispers
alongside the Walk for a little distance, and from
this open stretch you look across over the Large Lake
to the wooded heights of Lookout Hill. Then the
path runs on beneath the shade of arching trees and
loses itself in green peninsulas and islands floating
half asleep on dreaming slumbrous waters.

As you enter the green arcade beyond the open
stretch of Walk, close down by the water's edge, you
will find two American hornbeams standing in the
corner of the path on the right. Beyond these are
two trees which look very much like willows. But
they are quite different. They are oleasters (Elceagnns
aiigustifolia) and if you pass them in July, you may
see them in bloom. Then amid their silvery gray-
green leaves you may find their fragrant spicy flow-
ers. These are little tubes with four petals yellow
on the inside but silvery white on the outside. The
leaves of the trees are narrow (lanceolate) and sil-
very white on the undersides, with a decided scurf.

Beyond the oleasters, on the right of the Walk are
tulip tree, ash-leaved maple, sweet syringa, European
larch, large flowered syringa, European larch again,
red maple, European bird cherry, European larch
again, European hazel, American hornbeam. These
are bv the border of the Walk, and, at the hornbeam,

98

you ought to be a little further than half the distance
from the oleasters to the Ford Bridge. Now strike
off to the water and along the bankside, you will
find two very handsome weeping European silver lin-
dens. You will know them by their sugar-loaf forms,
smooth gray trunks and branches and cordate leaves
green above and silvery beneath. Then come a
red maple, cherry birch about half way between
water and Walk, red maple again, and, back by the
border of the Walk, Deutsia crenata, American
hornbeam and Norway maple close by the right hand
corner of Ford Bridge.

On the left of the Walk from the entrance of this
delightful arcade, you have passed on your way to
Ford Bridge, American elm; oleaster (about oppo-
site ash-leaved maple) ; black haw; weeping bald cy-
press; American white ash (opposite red maple);
American basswoods, one of them a little off to the
left of the Walk, the other about opposite a European
larch ; European silver linden about opposite the first
weeping European silver linden by the water; then
another European silver linden about opposite the
second weeping linden by the water ; then a couple
of Norway maples ; and close by the Bridge, Dentzia
crenata; Weigela; large flowered syringa and nine-
bark. Back of the Deutsia crenata you will find a
buckthorn with leaves that make you think of dog-
wood, and back of the syringa, is a majestic old yel-
low willow. There are. several of these fine old wil-
lows here all along the borders of the stream and
beautiful sights they are in winter when their twigs
turn brassy yellow

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

N?7

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 7

COMMON NAME

1. European linden.

2. European silver linden.

3. Broad-leaved European

linden.

4. Weigela.

5. Tulip tree.

6. Golden bell or Forsythia.

7. Chinese Wistaria. (Pale

blue flowers.)

8. Weigela. (Deep

son flowers. )

9. Mock orange or sweet

syringa.

10. Reeve's spiraea.

11. Japan quince.

12. Silver bell or snowdrop

tree.

13. Bridal wreath spiraea.

14. Snowy hydrangea.

15. Hop tree or shrubby tre-

foil.

16. Oleaster.

17. American or white elm.

18. Hall's Japan honey-

suckle.

19. Large-flowered syringa.

20. American basswood.

21. Lilac. (White flowers.)

22. Judas tree or redbud.

23. Japan pagoda tree.

24. Koelreuteria.

25. American white ash.

26. American or white elm.

27. Sugar maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Tilia Europcua.

Tilia Europcca, var. argcntea

(or alba).
Tilia Europcea, var. plati-

phylla.

Dicrvilla amabilis.
Liriodendron tulipifcra.
Forsythia viridissima.
Wistaria Sincnsis.

crim- Diervilla floribunda.

Philadelphia coronariu^.

Spircea Reevesiana.
Cydonia Japonica.
Halesia tetraptera.

Spir&a prunifolia.
Hydrangea nivca.
Ptclea trifoliata.

Elaagnus angustifolia.
Ulmus Americana.
Loniccra Japonica (or Hal-
liana).

Philadclphus grandiflorus.
Tilia Americana.
Syringa vulgaris, var. alba.
Ccrcis Canadensis.
Sophora Japonica.
Kcclrcutcria paniculata.
Fraxinus Americana.
Ulmus Americana.
Acer saccharinum.

102

COMMON NAME

28. Bay or laurel-leaved wil-

low.

29. English elm.

30. Osage orange.

31. English elm.

32. Lilac.

33. Yellow or golden willow.

34. Common barberry.

35. Red maple.

36. Cucumber tree.

37. Umbrella tree.

38. Mountain-ash-leaved

spiraea.

39. American basswood.

40. American hornbeam.

41. Purple barberry.

42. Hemlock.

43. Paper or canoe birch.

44. Flowering dogwood.

45. Norway spruce.

46. Scotch elm.

47. Cherry birch.

48. Mugho pine.

49. Scotch pine.

50. Large-flowered syringa.

51. Common elder.

52. Bald cypress.

53. Huckleberry.

54. Mock orange or sweet

syringa.

55. Large-flowered syringa.

56. Soulange's magnolia.

57. Snowy hydrangea.

58. European or tree alder.

59. American white or gray

birch.

60. Bush Deutzia. (Variety

Pride of Rochester.)

61. Speckled or hoary alder.

62. Nordmann's silver fir.

63. Pitch pine.

BOTANICAL NAME

Salix pcntandra (or Lauri-

folia).

Ulmus campcstris.
Madura aurantiaca.
Ulmus campestris.
Syringa vulgaris.
Sali.v alba, var. vitellina.
Berbcris vulgaris.
Acer rubruin.
Magnolia acuminata.
Magnolia umbrella.
Spiraea sorbifolia.

Tilia Americana.
Carpinus Caroliniana.
Berbcris vulgaris, var. pur-

purca.

Tsuga Canadensis.
Betula papyrifcra.
Cornus ilorida.
Picea cxcelsa.
Ulmus montana.
Betula I cut a.

Pinus montana, var. Mughus.
Pinus sylvestris.
Philadelphus grandiHprus.
Sambucus Canadensis.
Taxodium distichum.
Gaylussacia resinosa.
Philadelphus coronarius.

Ph Hade Iph us gran diflo rus.
Magnolia Soulangeana.
Hydrangea nivea.
Alnus glutinosa.
Betula populifolia.

Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of

Rochester.
Alnus incana.
Abies Nordmanniana.
Pinus rigida.

VII.

FIRST SUMMER HOUSE TO SECOND SUMMER HOUSE,
LARGE LAKE.

Just beyond the cozy little rustic bridge that spans
the horse ford, a pretty summer house looks out
upon the Large Lake. It is the first of a series of
four and our walk in this chapter begins here and
runs on to the next summer house by the lakeside.

But before starting let us look at a few things in
between the House and Ford Bridge. Just by the
corner of the Bridge, near the water's edge, is Eu-
ropean linden and next to it, by the Walk is a fine
European silver linden. Then come another Eu-
ropean linden and Forsythia viridissiina near the
Summer House. Back of the Forsythia almost in a
straight line toward the Lake are tulip tree and broad-
leaved European linden.

In the little island of shrubbery opposite the Sum-
mer House, there are graceful silver bell or snow-
drop trees, beautifully marked with yellowish streaks
through their dusky bark and Japan quince almost
at the point nearest Ford Bridge. About opposite
the entrance of the Summer House, stands a fine
mass of the bridal wreath spiraea and not far from
it a beautiful clump of the rosy Weigela. Further
along the border of this island near its other. end are
great masses of the Forsythia viridissiina, which you

104

can know at once by their strong, clean lanceolate
leaves. At the extreme end of this island of shrubbery
there is a tangled mass of Hall's Japan honeysuckle,
woven through and through, with morning glory
charmingly offsetting the sweeping bank of large flow-
ered syringa beside it.

Having considered these few things in a preliminary
way, let us now start from the First Summer House
and take note of the things on the right of the Walk.
Close beside the Shelter, the Diervilla floribunda sets
all its deep crimson horns of color blowing in early
June and back of it, nearer the water, the sweet syringa,
equally beautiful opens its white flowers in great pro-
fusion. Beside the Diervilla or Welgela, a Reeve's
spiraea bends with its weight of bloom. Over by the
water, knee deep in the tall and waving grass of lovely
June days, the hop tree or shrubby trefoil stands
fingering the breezes from the Lake with its unmistak-
able three leaves. Just in front of this, close by the
Walk, is a hydrangea which on account of the silvery
or snowy underside of its leaf has been called nivea.
It is a beautiful shrub and when the wind blows and
turns it into a living flame of silver it is a joyous
sight. It blooms about July, and has white flowers
in flat corymbs which are very beautiful against the
dark green (upper side) of its heart-shaped leaves.

Just beyond this point, there is a fine group of tulip
trees which are glorious, either in June when they
have set all their beautiful greenish yellow flowers to
the sun or in autumn when they flutter tints of rich-
est chrome yellow.

105

Back of the hop tree, by the border of the Lake, you
will find another silver bell, and beyond the silver
bell, oleaster with its willow-like habit of growth and
gray-green silvery leaves. Beyond the oleaster is
American elm.

Coming to the Walk again and following on, you
pass a fine American basswood a little beyond the last
tulip by the Walk. You cannot mistake it, especially
if it is in leaf, for its leaves are large, noticeably lop-
sided heart-shaped. As the season advances, the
American basswood shows distinct shades of yellow-
green in its leaves and if you get to know this tint, you
can tell the American basswood afar off. Notice how
differently it puts out its branches from the habit
of the European linden. A little further on, the Walk
throws off to the left a short arm to cross the Drive.
As it nears the Bridle Path and Drive, you pass some
splendid European silver lindens, very easily known
by their smooth bark and cordate leaves, white on the
undersides. You can tell them also by their notice-
ably sugar loaf form. Crossing the Bridle Path for
a moment, in the south-west corner of the little space
between it and the Drive, at the left, is Koclreuteria,
A lamp-post guards the south-east corner and
back of it, by the border of the Drive you meet a fine
Japan pagoda tree, then Judas tree with good-sized
heart-shaped leaves, then Reeve's spiraea and a fine
clump of lilac at the extreme north-easterly end of
this island-like space. Directly opposite the lamp-
post, on the right of the path is another K&lreuteria,
with a young hop tree or shrubby trefoil beside it.

io6

Behind the trefoil stands another Kcelreuteria and at
the extreme south-westerly end of the space here stands
a clump of lilac. This clump bears purple flowers.

Now let us retrace our steps to the Walk again,
and follow it on toward the Second Summer House.
As you go along, you pass several American elms, an
English elm and an American white ash. The Amer-
ican elms you cannot mistake, with their vase-like
habit of growth. The English elm is of oak-like look,
short-trunked, stocky of build. The American ash
you can distinguish by its compound leaf and by its
lozenge-like bark. Almost directly opposite the ash
stands one of its clansmen, tall and majestic, a glory
of brilliant sun-fire playing over its bark on bright
winter days. Not far from this ash, you meet a sugar
maple, beautiful in autumn when its leaves begin to
play with reds and golds and crimsons. Back
of these two trees, close by the water's edge
stand an American elm and a laurel leaved willow.
The laurel leaved willow stands tip-toe on the little
point or jut of land that makes a cove here. Walk
up to it and see its beautiful shining dark green leaves.
There are many of these willows in the Park and it
is well to make their acquaintance early. Stand back
a little and get the sunshine over their glossy leaves.
Isn't that a flame of white fire! Watch the breeze
send them into shivers of flying glass. The leaf of
this tree somewhat resembles that of the shining wil-
low (Sali.v lucida), but the leaf of the shining wil-
low is much longer-taper-pointed.

Coming back to the Walk again, beyond the sugar

maple, you find on the right another good sized white
ash and beyond it, not far from the point where the
Walk forks, European linden. A good Osage orange
stands near the Walk, just beyond the linden and about
opposite the point where the Walk branches. The
Osage orange is identified by the very distinct spines
in the axils of its leaves. Look for them, for they are
worth seeing. Some of the botanies speak of the
flowers of the Osage orange as inconspicuous, but
I saw this tree covered with blossoms one June day
and a very pretty sight it was. The tree has in-
teresting fruit, large and globular and of an orange-
like look, whence its name. It is golden yellow when
ripe.

A little off to one side, from the Osage orange, about
midway between it and the water is a clump of very
peculiarly leaved shrubbery. If you don't know it and
should come upon it in July, you would wonder what
it was, with its rather spindle shaped heads of fuzzy
white flowers. The heads make you think of meadow
sweet and spiraeas. It is a spiraea and its leaves tell
you that it is the mountain-ash-leaved spiraea. To
me it is very beautiful and you will come across it in
many parts of the Park. In July and August it is quite
conspicuous and it makes a brave sight on the days
when most of the trees and shrubs are over with their
blooming. You cannot mistake it and if you know
the leaf of the mountain ash, you will see how well
this spiraea deserves its name.

Further on, by the water's edge, a willow thrusts
up its grace and strength into the sunlight. It has

io8

beautiful leaves, long and lance shaped and softly sil-
very gray-green on the undersides. Every breeze sends
through it sudden drifts of light, very fair and beau-
tiful to watch. But the glory of this willow is in the
winter. Then its twigs turn a rich, brassy yellow
which you can see afar off. It is the yellow or golden
willow, really a variety of the white willow. How
lovely is the dull brassy yellow which this tree lifts
through the purple-brown maze of bare twigs in
winter. It is pronounced, yet so subdued. Its very
look is winter and goes with humming ice and bright
sunshine, and clean, cold air, and sparkling snow ;
with creaking tree trunks and soft violet shadows over
the snow ; with that still, winter's quiet which is in-
describable in words, but which is so full of a some-
thing that stirs way down the innermost soul.

Beyond the yellow willow, near the Walk a fine white
ash lifts up the blazonry of its diamond panelled bark,
gloriously rough and rugged, full of vigor, life and
hardiness. Sometimes I smite them with my fist, just
to feel the firm tingle of their ridges. Off to the
right again and near the water, you will meet a good
clump of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) which
you will have no difficulty in identifying from its
obovate-oblong leaves and abundance of small spines.
Try to see barberry in September, when it is hung full
of fruit. Its fruit (berries, of oblong shape) is very
handsome then, rich cool crimson in color, glowing
with autumn.

Near the Walk again, we meet cucumber tree (Mag-
nolia acuminata) and if you look up in its branches

and find its fruit, you will see the significance of its
name. This fruit looks quite like a young cucumber,
especially when green, but in early September, it cer-
tainly loses its claim to the name, for then, it turns
a cool magenta. The husk of the fruit breaks open
in early fall and through the openings, seeds of the
richest coral, push out and hang on fairy threads of
silk in a most curious way. This is the fruiting habit
of the magnolia, and it certainly is an odd one. About
opposite the cucumber tree, on the other side of the
Walk and a little back, you will find the umbrella
tree (Magnolia umbrella]. If you are curious to know
why this tree is called ''umbrella," stand under it,
look up, and see the way its leaves hang from the
ends of its branches. This will convince you that
it has been well named. The leaves of the umbrella
tree are much larger than those of the cucumber tree
and, when fully grown, are from one to two feet long,
while those of the cucumber are from five to ten inches
only. The leaf of the cucumber tree is pointed at
both ends (acuminata) and is thin and pale beneath.
The two trees grow very differently, the cucumber
tall and straight with rather regular outline, the um-
brella sprawls like a catalpa or an apple tree. It is
very easy to identify them and as they are here to-
gether, it is well to study their differences. The cu-
cumber tree bears small greenish yellow flowers about
three inches wide in late spring or early summer, the
umbrella tree, broad white flowers, from six to eight
inches wide, in May, usually. In the autumn, the

no

former tree turns to a beautiful, soft, light fawn color,
the latter to a subdued bronze.

Beyond the cucumber tree, about midway toward the
water's edge, you will find another Osage orange, and
beyond this tree, a red maple leaning over the stream.
Beyond the red maple is golden willow again, and
to the left of this tree, by the Walk, another cucumber
tree. Beyond this cucumber tree, close by the Walk,
an American basswood boldly flings out its strong
branches and large leaves in considerable contrast
both in point of size and texture from those of the
broad-leaved European linden beside it. Next beyond
the linden comes American hornbeam, with its birch-
like leaves, but with bark that is only hornbeam. No
other tree can lay claim to its smooth, hard-finished
bark so beautifully veined with threads of silver. Be-
yond the hornbeam a mass of purple barberry spreads
its beautiful color against the wealths of green nestled
here. Diagonally opposite the barberry, on the other
side of the Walk is European linden.

The path we are following forks again here, one
branch stealing around to the right to creep through
the canopies of waving green out to Second Summer
House, the left goes on to search the nooks about the
end of this peninsula. As the path turns to the right
you pass flowering dogwood ; two red maples ; another
flowering dogwood ; huckleberry ; sweet syringa, in a
large clump just beyond an open stretch of Walk; be-
side it a clump of large flowered syringa ; cucumber
tree, a little offside to the right ; red maple ; cucum-
ber tree again, and, very near to the Summer House,

Ill

a good European or tree alder. On the point of shore
to your right as you stand in the Summer House
and face the Lake, are two laurel-leaved willows, tall
and flinging off the sunlight from their leaves in
showers of white fire at every breeze. In between
them stands a white or gray birch.

Along the little arm of the path from the clumps
of syringa (back a short distance) you passed on your
left as you came to the Summer House, Soulange's
magnolia, about opposite the sweet syringa ; cucum-
ber tree, opposite the red maple ; three bushes of the
snowy hydrangea ; and, close beside the Summer
House, to the left, two Norway spruces standing
nearly side by side. Back of these is a tall bald cy-
press. Compare the leaves of the Norway spruce with
those of the bald cypress. Note the fine feathery two
ranked flat leaves of the cypress as compared with
the four sided, rigid, curved leaves of the spruce.

Let us go back now to the Soulange's magnolia and
follow the path along its course here to the west. On
the left are two evergreens close together. The first
is pitch pine, which you can identify by its persistent
cones with sharp prickles on the scales and its leaves
in bundles of three, stout and stiff. The second ever-
green is Scotch pine. Diagonally across from the
Scotch pine on the right of the Walk, is another
Scotch pine, which casts its branches shelteringly over
a handsome bush Deutsia and a fine clump of large
flowered syringa. These stand side by side near a
short indentation of the Walk. On the further side of
this indentation stands Norway spruce. Then the path

112

takes another turn to the right, out toward the water,
and if you go along there you will find, on your right,
common elder, about half way between the Norway
spruce and the water, and close beside the elder, bald
cypress. At the extreme end of this little reach of
path stands a golden willow leaning out over the
water.

If you come back now to the Norway spruce last
mentioned, about due south-west of it across the Walk,
stands Mugho pine. East of the Norway spruce,
across the Walk, a Nordmann silver fir is fighting
hard for its life. Its flat leaves, notched at the tip, and
two white lines on their undersides tell you that is a
Nordmann. Beyond the Nordmann, directly back of
a little squarely cut bight of the Walk, on your left
now, is another Mugho pine, and at the extreme left-
hand corner of this bight you will find cherry birch.

Let us now go back and pick up the thread of our
ramble at the point where the Walk forked beside the
dogwoods and huckleberry. We followed the right
hand branch out to the Second Summer House. Let
us now follow the left hand branch out to the end of
the peninsula on your left. You pass red maple,
Osage orange (near the water) and close by the Walk
again, still at your left, beyond the Osage "orange, a
good specimen of the hoary or speckled alder (Almis
incana}. Continuing, you pass American elm and,
some distance beyond, near the end of the Walk here,
hemlock, and at the very end of the Walk, north-
easterly corner, paper or canoe birch. At the south-
westerly corner stands flowering dogwood. To this

point, you have passed on your right, American elm,
opposite the red maple ; European linden, hemlock,
about opposite the other hemlock on the left of the
Walk, Scotch elm and beyond the elm, very near the
spot where the Walk comes close to the water, is an-
other Norway spruce.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM
N98

n

SUMMER HJTOSI

LARGE LAKE

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 8

COMMON NAME

1. English elm.

2. Sugar maple.

3. American white ash.

4. European linden.

5. Single-leaved European

ash.

6. European silver linden.

7. European weeping beech.

8. Scotch elm.

9. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

10. Black haw.

11. Red osier.

12. Red maple.

13. Oleaster.

14. Weeping European

larch.

15. Bald cypress.

16. California!! privet.

17. Tulip tree.

18. European flowering ash.

19. Aticuba-leaved ash.

20. Ninebark.

21. European hazel.

22. Hop tree or shrubby tre-

foil.

23. Golden bell or Forsy-

thia.

24. Koelreuteria.

25. European bird cherry.

26. Single-leaved European

ash.

BOTANICAL NAME

Ulmus campcstris.

Acer sadcharinum.

Fraxinus Americana.

Tilia Europcca.

Fraxinus excelsior, var.

monophytta.
Tilia Europcca, var. argent ca

(or alba}.

Fagns sylvatica, var. pcndula.
Ulmus montana.
Negundo aceroides.

Viburnum prunifolium.
Cornus stolonifera.
Acer rubrum.
Elceagnus angustifolia.
Larix Europ&a, var. pcndula.

Taxodium distichum.
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Liriodendron tulip era.
Fraxinus ornus.
Fraxinus Americana, var.

aucubcefolia.
Pliysocarpus (or Spircca) op-

u li folia.

Corylus avellana.
Ptelea trifoliata.

Fo rsyth ia viridissima.

Koelreuteria paniculata.
Prunus padus.

Fraxinus excelsior, var.
monophylla.

COMMON NAME

27. Weigela.

28. Judas tree or redbud.

29. European or tree alder.

30. Bush Deutzia. (White

single flowers.)

31. Northern prickly ash or

toothache tree.

32. Large-flowered syringa.

33. American or white elm.

34. Washington thorn.

35. Hackberry or sugar-

berry.

36. Oleaster.

37. Fragrant honeysuckle.

38. Japan quince.

39. Common barberry.

40. Silver maple.

41. Indian bean or Southern

catalpa.

42. False indigo.

43. English hawthorn.

44. Arrowwood.

45. European spindle tree.

46. Siberian red osier.

47. Bur or mossy cup oak.

48. Weigela. (Deep crim-

son flowers.)

49. Snowball.

50. Weigela.

51. Bush Deutzia (Pride of

Rochester).

52. Cornelian cherry.

53. Sycamore maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Diervilla amabilis.
Cercis Canadensis.
Alnus glutinosa.
Dcutzia crenata.

Xanthoxylum Amcricanum.

Philadelphus grandiflorus.
Ulmus Americana.
Cratcegus cordata.
Ccltis occidentalis.

Elaagnus augustifolia.
Louie era fragrantissima.
Cydonia Japonica.
Berberds vulgaris.
Acer dasycarpum. '
Catalpa bignonioidcs.

Amorpha fructicosa.
Cratagus oxyacantha.
Viburnum dcntatum.
Euonymus Enropccus.
Cornus alba, var. Sibcrica.
Qucrcus inacrocarpa.
Diervilla Horibunda.

Viburnum opulis, var. stcrilis.

Diervilla amabilis.

Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of

Rochester.
Corrnis macsuln.
Acer pseudoplatanus.

VIII.

SECOND TO FOUETH SUMMER HOUSE, LAEGE LAKE.

This ramble begins at the third fork of the Walk
to the west of the rustic (Ford) bridge, not far from
Second Summer House, Large Lake. We commence
with the left hand branch of the fork and follow the
path almost due west. On the left of the path, as we
start in, are well grown English elms, stocky, hardy,
oak-like in growth. Speaking of English elms, in this
vicinity the whole stretch of the Walk running along
the south side of Promenade Drive is lined with them.

But to come back to our path. As we ramble on,
we pass maples, mostly sugar maples, on the right and
on the left. The fifth tree, on -the left, is one of those
peculiar single-leaved ash trees, (Fraxinus excelsior,
var. monophylla). Opposite the single-leaved ash
stands European linden. Then come two Scotch elms
on the left, with sugar maples opposite them, and, be-
yond the second Scotch elm, ash-leaved maple.

As the Walk meets the Bridle Path here, almost at
the point of junction, stands a black haw (Viburnum
prunifolinm) with another one just a little east of it.
They are small trees, a little higher than your head
and have oval leaves, obtuse or slightly pointed. They
bloom in late May or early June, with profuse white
flat topped clusters of flowers and their fruit, black or

I2O

blue-black berries (sweet), ripens in September. The
Walk has an open space here, as you go on, with the
Bridle Path close on its left. About the middle of
its right hand bank stands a fine esh-leaved maple. A
little back of this tree and to the east, close down on
the water's edge is one of the handsomest weeping
beeches in the Park. Back of the weeping beech on
the borders of the little cove here, are European silver
linden and weeping European silver linden.

Coming back to the Walk again and proceeding
westward we find on the left of the Walk, almost on
the point where the greensward begins to form a bank
at the junction of the Walk and Bridle Path, a fine
mass of California!! privet, which, in June, ic covered
with white flowers. Then comes a little cluster of
European flowering ashes, (Fraxinus ornus). You
may know them easily by their short trunks and gray,
brittle-looking branches. There are a number of them
here, and if you pass them in late May or early June
you will see them all fluffed over with profuse green-
ish-white fringe-like flowers, borne in clusters on the
ends of the branches. But do not mistake the furthest
one of these low branching trees for one of the Euro-
pean flowering ashes. That tree, which stands about
opposite the arm of the Walk which runs out to the
Summer House here, is an ash-leaved maple, or box
elder. You can know it at once by its dark greenish
bark and, if in foliage, by its pinnate leaves, of from
three to five leaflets. On the right you have passed to
this point bald cypress, about opposite the mass of Cal-
ifornian privet, Forsythia viridissima, another bald cy-

121

press, and just as the Walk bends off an arm to the
little Summer House that holds open windows over
the Large Lake, a fine tulip tree rattles luxuriant
leaves in the waving summer breezes or holds flam-
boyant torches of straw colored seed cones against the
blue of winter skies. This cozy little Summer House,
the third on the way around the Large Lake, as you
go westward from Ford Bridge, is beautifully hung
in summer with the bloom (purple) of the Wistaria.

As the Walk leaves the Summer House and slips
along beside the waters of the Lake, it passes a clump
of European hazel, which it is worth while to come to
see in early spring. Then its little catkins lengthen
into hanging lace of softest golden yellow, with faint
tinges of red. Do not miss it. It is a fairy sight and
you can see it in early March when the crow blackbirds
begin to wheeze over the leafless trees. This hazel
clump stands about midway between the Summer
House and the main Walk, on the water side of the
Walk.

Now we come back again to our main Walk and fol-
low it westward again. On the right we pass For-
sythia, hop tree, Kcclreuteria, two European bird
cherries, nearly side by side, and as the path bends
northward to follow the dent of the cove here, we
meet great masses of JVeigela, which in June will blow
rosy horns and fill the air with fragrance. Then come
Judas tree, Weigela, bush Deutzia, with white single
flowers, Californian privet, large flowered syringa, and
bush Deutzia again, bringing us to another junction of
the Walk. Back of the first clump of Deutzia crcnata,

122

you will find the Northern toothache tree, with odd-
pinnate alternate leaves of from five to nine leaflets.
On the left we have passed Fra.i'iuns Americana, var.
aucubae folia aucuba-leaved ash, with odd looking,
gold blotched leaves ; European flowering ash ; Kocl-
rcuteria; European flowering ash; Kcclreutcria again
and European ash again. Then comes a little open
space and we begin again with privet (American elm
behind it), Wcigela and Washington hawthorn, about
opposite the point of the junction. This junction runs
off from the Walk to the right to thread its way
through the leafy arcades of little peninsulas.

As we walk along, just beyond the point of junc-
tion, well grown Washington thorns hang over the
Walk on the right. You may know them in foliage
by their rather triangular leaves. They are late in
reddening their berries, but they hold them tenaciously
arid these show beautiful ruddy patches of color
through the bare winter trees. Beyond, at a bend of
the Walk, stands a goodly hackberry. Opposite the
hackberry, on the left of the Walk, are clumps of
Japan quince. Note their thorns. They are beauti-
ful sights in April. Then they fairly flame crimson
with their scarlet flowers, golden hearted at the core,
and fill all the paths with beautiful outbursts of color.
Beyond, on the right, are tulip trees and close down
by the Lake, leaning over it, the Elaeagnus bends its
willow-looking trunk, bristling with whip-like
branches. The Elaeagnus is a ragged, tattered-looking
sort of a tree in winter, with its shredded bark, and
bunching, close clustering shoots, but see it in sum-

123

mer, when the breeze is playing with its living silver,
sending swift flames of light through its soft gray-
green, or smell it when it unbosoms its spicy fragrance
to the July or early August heat. You can scarcely
believe that so pungent a perfume can come from the
little yellow flowers you see on this willow-looking
tree. If you pass it during the early days of Septem-
ber, look carefully amid its leaves for its very beauti-
ful silver-gray berries. They are about half an inch
long and quarter of an inch wide.

The path makes a bend here, and as you swing with
it you pass, on the left, great bushes of barberry (Bcr-
beris iwlgaris), which in late May deck themselves
with hanging clusters of golden flowers. In the au-
tumn how beautiful are their cool crimson berries and
frosty red-purple leaf tints! Walk here in September
just to see them. Close down by the water is AinorpJia
fructicosa, and a little further west along the stream-
side, you will find arrowwood with its beautifully cut
leaves. By the Walk, on the right, are more Wash-
ington thorns and on the little jut of land that noses
out into the Lake, just beyond, are hackberry and Eu-
ropean linden. You can tell the European linden in
winter by its dusky branches and reddish end twigs.
The silver lindens have light granite-gray bark and
branches. On the left, about opposite the westerly
Washington thorn, is a good sized clump of Siberian
red osier with white flowers in flat heads in early
summer, which develop into white berries. This bush
has brilliant glossy crimson twigs in winter. A little
south-west of it rises the spire-like form of a handsome

124

bald cypress (Taxod'nim distichum), distichum be-
cause the leaves spread in two ranks. If you wish to
see a sight of great beauty, watch the bald cypresses
dress their branches in the early spring, covering them
with fine feathery leaves of tenderest green. Here
comes another open stretch of Walk with the water
of the Large Lake close to the path. In a corner of
the little bay the Amorpha fructicosa is met again,
holding up its conspicuous tell-tale fingers, full of
seeds, to the eye of the winter rambler. Across the
short stretch of open, you meet rearing up, dark
barked and grizzly, the strong, rugged overcup or
mossy cup oak. If you chance here in autumn, you
will have no difficulty in finding under this tree its
identifying acorns, great hairy-looking things all
frouzled over with fringe which literally on many
acorns almost covers the nut. Against the winter's
sky the tree cuts a clear, bold outline for all its twist-
ing branches. Its end branches are noticeably corky
and somewhat quadrangular. Closer to the Walk are
clumps of Weigela with rose-colored flowers in June ;
common snowball, with great white globes of bloom in
May ; syringa with white four-petaled fragrant flowers
in June. Further along, still on the right of the Walk,
is red osier or spreading cornel, Cornus stolonifera,
easily known by its striated branches and, in autumn,
by its lead colored or blue-black berries, silver lindens,
Tilia Europ&a, var. argentea and Tilia Europcca, var.
argentea pcndnla, Weigela, Forsythia viridissima, Cor-
nelian cherry (Cornus mascula) and Judas tree. Here
the Walk reaches out another arm to the right feel-

125

ing for the third westerly Summer House on the bor-
ders of the Large Lake.

Up to this point, you have passed on the left, Euro-
pean linden (about opposite the snowball), two beau-
tiful little English hawthorns (about opposite the sil-
ver lindens), Norway maple (opposite the Forsythia),
European linden (diagonally opposite the Cornelian
cherry), Scotch elm (Uluius Montana), about oppo-
site the spot where the Walk sends out its arm to
the Summer House. A little further on the Walk
forks again, a short branch leading to the left close
to the Bridle Path, the other drawing you along
through mazy tangles of interlacing shrubs and over-
arching boughs, beside still waters which sleep amid
nooky peninsulas and floating islands that lull the
spirit into peace and melt the city away through the
mists of their leafy scenes. This is one of the most
beautiful parts of the Park and is so loved by birds
that you cannot wander here in the leafy months
without getting sight of many a wing flash. There
were a pair of yellow billed cuckoos I watched one
summer at home in their nest near here, and many a
time have I seen the scarlet flash of the red-winged
blackbird skimming these silent waters or watched the
king bird spread his white belted tail from the rustling
tops of some of these lakeside bushes. At every turn
the landscape artist has made for the rambler here
vistas of marvelous beauty. Walk here in autumn
when the stripping winds have bared the trees but
to build leaf bridges over these quiet coves or come
later when the frost first kisses them and prisons the
floating leaves in glass.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM
N<?9

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 9

COMMON NAME

1. European white birch.

2. English cork bark elm.

3. Willow-leaved European

flowering ash.

4. Shady hydrangea.

5. Cucumber tree.

6. Honey locust.

7. Silver maple.

8. Weeping European

larch.

9. European silver linden.

10. European ash.

11. English hawthorn. (Red

flowers.)

12. Black or pear hawthorn.

13. European or tree alder.

14. Laburnum, golden chain,

or bean trefoil tree.

15. Koelreuteria.

16. False indigo.

17. Fringe tree.

18. Hercules's club, Devil's

walking stick, or An-
gelica tree.

19. Smoke tree.

20. Ninebark.

21. Black or pear hawthorn.

22. Fragrant honeysuckle.

23. Cut-leaved weeping Eu-

ropean white birch.

24. Shadbush, June berry, or

service berry.

25. European flowering ash.

BOTANICAL NAME

Betula alba.

Ulmus campestris, var. sub-

crosa.
Fraxinus or mis, var. salici-

folia.

Hydrangea arborescens.
Magnolia acitminata.
Gleditschia triacanthos.
Acer dasycarpum.
Larix Europcca, var. pendula.

Tilia Europcca, var. argentea.
Fraxinus excelsior.
Cratccgus oxyacantha.

Cratccgus tomentosa.
Alnus glutinosa.
Laburnum vulgare.

Koelreuteria paniculata.
AmorpJia fructicosa.
Chionanthus Virginica.
Aralia spinosa.

Rhus cotinus.

Physocarpus (or Spiiyea) op-

ulifolia.

Cratccgus tomentosa.
Lonicera fragrantissima.
Betula alba, var. pendula

laciniata.
Amclanchier Canadensis.

Fraxinus ornus.

130

COMMON NAME

26. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

27. Weeping European sil-

ver linden.

28. English hawthorn.

29. Golden bell or Forsythia.

30. Yellow-wood.

31. Siberian pea tree.

32. Ginkgo tree.

33- Japan stachyurus.

34. Round-leaved or vine

maple.

35. Sycamore maple.

36. Norway maple.

37. False1 indigo.

38. Japan maple.

39. Japan pagoda tree.

40. Camperdown elm.

41. New American willow.

42. European purple beech.

(Leaves very dark
crimson-purple.)

43. Austrian pine.

44. Californian privet.

45. Kentucky coffee tree.

46. Kcelreuteria.

47. Bayberry or wax myrtle.

48. Arrowwood.

49. We'eping European

beech.

50. Golden barked Babylon-

tan or weeping willow.

51. Pin oak or swamp Span-

ish oak.

52. Black oak.

53. Umbrella tree.

54. Soulange's magnolia.

55. Weeping bald cypress.

56. Ailanthus or tree of

Heaven.

57. Japan snowball.

BOTANICAL NAME
Negundo aceroides.

Tilia Europaea, var. argent ca

(or alba}.

Cratcegus oxyacantha.
Forsythia viridissima.
Cladrastis tinctona.
Caragana arborescens.
Salisburia adiantifolia.
Stachyurus pracox.
Acer citcinatum.

Acer pseudoplatanus.

Acer platanoides.

Amor p ha fructicosa.

Acer polymorphum.

Soph or a Japonic a.

Ulmus montana, var. Cam'

pcrdownii pendula.
Salix purpurca, var. pendula.
Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur-

purca.

Pinus Austriaca.
Ligustrum ovalifoliu in.
Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Kcelreuteria paniculata.
Myrica cerifera.
Viburnum dentatum.
Fagus sylvatica } var. pendula.

Sali.v Babylonica, var. ramu-

lis aureis.
Quercus palustris.

Quercus coccinea, var. tinc-

toria.

Magnolia umbrella.
Magnolia Soulangeana.
Taxodium distichum, var.

pendulum.
Ailanthus glandulosus.

Viburnum plicatuin.

COMMON NAMF

BOTANICAL NAME

58. Aucuba-leaved ash.

59. Josika lilac or chionan-

thus (fringe tree)
leaved lilac. Purple
flowers).

60. Dwarf mountain sumac.

61. European mountain-ash

or Rowan tree.

62. Purple leaved Norway

maple.

63. Maple of Northern

China.

64. Black cherry.

65. Pyramid oak.

66. Common locust.

67. European spindle tree.

68. French tamarisk.

69. Bay or laurel-leaved wil-

low.

70. Common elder and false

indigo. (Intermin-
gled).

71. Lombardy poplar.

72. Reeve's spiraea.

73. Common buckthorn.

74. American or white elm.

75. Scotch elm.

76. European white birch.

77. Willow oak.

78. American basswood.

79. Ring-leaved or curled-

leaved willow.

80. Salmon barked willow.

81. Dwarf Japan catalpa.

82. White mulberry.

83. Scarlet fruited thorn.

84. Scentless mock orange or

syringa.

85. Black haw.

86. Oval-leaved variety of

the cockspur thorn,

Fraxinus Americana, var.

auctibce folia.
Syringa Josikaa.

Rhus copallina.
Pyrus aucuparia.

Acer platanoidcs, var. Gene-
va.
Acer truncatum.

Prunus scrotina.

Quercus robur, var. fasti-

giata.

Robinia pseudacacia.
Euonymus Europaus.
Tamarix Gallica.
Salix pentandra (or Lauri-

folia).
Sambucus Canadensis and

Amorpha fructicosa.

Populus dilatata.

Spircca Reevesiana.

Rhamnus cathartica.

Ulmus Americana.

Ulmus montana.

Betula alba.

Quercus phellos.

Tilia A m erica na.

Salix Babylonica, var. annu-

laris.
Salix alba, var. vitellina Brit-

zensis.

Catalpa Bungei.
Morus alba.
Cratcegus coccinca.
Philadelphus inodorus.

Viburnum prunifolium.
Cratagus criis-galli, var,
ovalifolia,

132

COMMON NAME

87. Bush Dentzia.

88. Standish's honeysuckle.

89. Japan quince.

90. English hawthorn (Pink

flowers).

91. European linden.

92. Small leaved European

linden.

93. Tartarian honeysuckle.

(Pure white fragrant
flowers.)

94. Dwarf mountain sumac.

95. Mountain maple.

96. Bur or mossy cup oak.

97. Paper mulberry.

98. Japan silver fir.

99. Smooth alder.

100. English oak.

101. Alternate-leaved dog-

wood.

102. Cedar of Lebanon.

103. Bladder senna.

104. Sweet viburnum or

sheepberry.

105. Hybrid variety of the

tender leaved haw-
thorn.

106. Umbel-flowered oleaster.

107. Weir's cut-leaved silver

maple.

BOTANICAL NAME

Deutzia crcnata.
Lonicera Standishii.
Cydonia Japonica. -.

Cratccgus oxyacantha.

Tilia Europcca.

Tilia Europaa, var. parvi-

folia.
Lonicera Tartarica, var. alba.

Rhus copallina.
Acer spicatum.
Quercus macrocarpa.
Broussonctia papyrifera.
Abies fir ma.
Alnus scrrulata.
Quercus robur.
Cornus alternifolia.

Cedrus Libani.
Colutea arborescens.
Viburnum lentago.

Var. Cratccgus tcnui folia.

Elccagnus umbellata.
Acer dasycarpum, var. Wcirii
laciniatum.

IX.

FOUKTH SUMMER HOUSE TO BREEZE HILL.

On the extreme south-westerly peninsula of the
Large Lake stands the fourth little Summer House or
rustic shelter. It is charmingly set, half hidden by
winding ways along whose wanderings the summer
leaves whisper delightfully to every breeze that steals
in from the Lake. From its ever open windows you
can see the noble ridge of Lookout Hill and the sil-
vering sheet of the Lake dancing to fresh breezes or
perhaps stilled to a half-slumbrous dream, with quiet
shadows glassed about the coves or just rippling
enough to float across to your eye the dazzling flash
of sparkling sun stars shot from the edges of tiny
waves. Far over on the large Peninsula the weeping
willows drape their vails of green, the miniature
yachts careen and bend and sway, weaving and inter-
weaving mysterious courses and all about you, as you
sit here with your book, the birds call, the insects
sing and the breeze sends dancing shadows of leaves
to and fro over the floor and over the rustic beams
of the shelter.

But let us start on our ramble. At the left of
the Fourth Summer House, as we take the path,
stands a pretty young European white birch, and be-
yond it a sturdy English cork-bark elm which in early

134

•

spring is covered along its corky-ridged branches,
with closely bunched clusters of purplish flowers. Very
near the end of the right hand branch of the Walk,
tall and conspicuously set on the edge of the peninsula's
shore, a beautiful cucumber tree lifts up its rather py-
ramidal form. I have often admired the tree, whether in
^autumn when it turns a beautiful light fawn color or
in the dead of winter when it flings out the bravery
of its light-gray branches, trimmed with the warm
furry buds that proclaim the magnolia family, or in
late May or early June when it sets its yellowish green
flowers of six petals through the shades of its pointed
leaves. If you get its autumn hues across the sleep-
ing waters here, you will not soon forget the sight.

In the angle of the fork of the Walk, stands a
willow-leaved variety of the European flowering ash,
with long willow-like compound leaves and squat
trunk of brittle gray. Just across the Walk from it,
on the left of the path are some noble European sil-
ver lindens, easily known by their smooth satin-gray
bark, and cordate leaves, dark green above and sil-
very white beneath.

Very close to the water near the spot where the
cove comes up to spread its silver near the Walk,
stands a tall, straight-limbed tree with compound leaves
and bark that says "ash" very strongly. In it, I sup-
pose you have recognized a fine type of the Fraxinus
excelsior or European ash, for such it is. See how
closely the leaflets set to the leaf stem, and if you have
nothing better to do when you are rambling in the
Park in early spring, watch for the bloom of this

135

tree. It throws down several convenient branches, and
if you want to get a good, close view of its flow-
ers, you will find it given most generally by this tree.
It fairly spouts flowers. Look for them along in
late April.

A step or so onward and our path takes a turn
to the right, follows the lake shore and, skirting the
southern side of Lookout Hill, runs around the large
Peninsula, over Terrace Bridge to Breeze Hill.

As we swing around to the right and walk under
the leafy canopies of dancing leaves, and watch the
shifting fantasia of light and shade in the play of
the brilliant sunshine, we find a beautiful English
hawthorn standing on the left of the Walk about
half way along the border of a little island of shrub-
bery which has come to rest in the inter-twinings of
this admirably wrought landscape gardening. You
know it at once by its deeply cut leaf and fine thorns.
But have you seen it bloom. If not come to it in
May, and look upon the loveliness of its rich red
flowers. It makes a fairy picture then. Right across
from it, due south, on the border of the Walk, is a
hawthorn of very different leaf. This is the black
or pear hawthorn, and its leaves are tough and leath-
ery when fully grown, oval or ovate-oblong. They
have a characteristic feature, especially noticeable, i. e.,
of having the upper sides of the leaves impressed
along the larger ribs or veins. The fruit of this haw-
thorn is about half an inch long, obovate or globose,
and when ripe, dull red. On the seeds you will find
furrows on the outer sides.

136

The path runs on, following the lake border, lead-
ing through leafy bowers, with ever changing vistas
of water and islands that have come to anchor here,
making witching nooks, and quiet, dreaming bays, over
which the enamoured trees lean and caress with droop-
ing branches. As you pass along, if it be in June,
you will find the lovely Laburnum, letting down chains
of golden bloom, which show very conspicuously
amid its light green leaves. But if it is not in flower,
you can know it by its alternate palmate leaves of
three leaflets. Its leaf is very beautiful, soft and
tender, and of a lovely shade of green. Its flowers
develop into pods about two inches long which are
ripe in autumn. You will find this laburnum easi-
ly, on the right of the Walk, a little further than half
way to where the Walk next meets the water. On
the left of the Walk, about opposite it, is a tall tree
alder, which you know at once by its black alder
"cones," all over its branches and its roundish ovate,
leaf cut in at the top.

Where the Walk next comes close to the water's
edge stand Kaelreuteria, on the right, and false in-
digo on the left, as you face the water. Back of
the false indigo is a fine fringe tree with wide-reach-
ing branches and a splendid outburst of white fringe-
like bloom in June. Turning again and passing on, at
the next meeting of Walk and water, you will find
quite a large clump of the Hercules's Club or Devil's
Walking Stick. Just beyond it is another pear or
black hawthorn and across the Walk from it, on your
left as you face toward Lookout Hill, stands smoke

137

tree. Close by the Walk, on the left, just beyond
the smoke tree are many fine bushes of the Physo-
carpus or ninebark, and beyond , these, near the Drive
crossing, large spreading bushes of the fragrant hon-
eysuckle.

In the corner of the open space of Walk here, as
you go on, at your right, a well grown shadbush hangs
its small, finely serrated leaves over the waters, and
on the rounded turn of the Walk, still on the right,
you will find the cut-leaved variety of the weeping
European white birch. See how beautifully its leaves
are incised. A little further on is ash-leaved maple
and then weeping European silver linden and Eu-
ropean silver linden side by side. Not many steps
onward and you meet another English hawthorn, which
in May covers itself with the loveliest of pink .double
flowers.

Again the path comes down close to the Lake, and
at the corner of the bank, where the sward narrows
handsome clumps of the sturdy Forsythia hold up
the shining lances of their beautiful leaves. In early
spring they are among the first to set their golden
bells a-chiming and they are rich sights if you get
them reflected in the stream. Right back of this open
space of walk, on the grass, between the Walk and the
Drive, are several young yellow-woods.

As you go on, interesting studies of things botanical
come thick and fast, now, all along the line of march,
and we would feign linger over them at length, but
space does not permit. I can only give you the hint,
the filling out of which you must do yourself. On

138

the right, close by the water's edge, stands a large
bush with several strong branches rising and spread-
ing out over the Walk and the water, its smaller
branches set with alternate, pinnate leaves, of four
to six pairs of oval-oblong pointed leaflets. In it
you have no doubt already recognized the Siberian
pea tree, for such it is. A little while ago it was
of beautiful form, but it has been sadly broken.

On the left of the Walk, opposite the Siberian pea
tree are some ginkgo trees which you can easily iden-
tify by their fan-shaped leaves and branches, which
seem to lean out from the main trunk at angles of
forty-five degrees. The ginkgo tree has also a dis-
tinguishing light gray bark. If you know the maiden
hair fern, you must see at once why this tree is called
adiantifolia, the genus name of the maiden hair be-
ing Adiantum. In the first frost of autumn, the gink-
go tree does not change its foliage all at
once, but little by little, with soft, yellow tints
which deepen gradually inward from the margin of
the leaves. The effect is that of ruffle on ruffle, like
lace, all through the tree. Its name ginkgo is de-
rived from the Japanese ginko or ginkgo, Chinese
yin-hing, meaning silver apricot. If you have ever
seen its fruit after it has been thoroughly dried, you
know how well this name applies. There is one gink-
go tree in the Park, which bears fruit every year and if
you wish to see it, you will find it on the left of
Endale Arch, as you go from the Long Meadow
to Plaza Entrance. The fruit looks not unlike a
light yellow plum, but it has anything but a plum-like

smell. Indeed, its smell is something to keep far
away from.

In between the ginkgo trees and to the left of
them, you will find several bushes of the beautiful
Japan Stachyums. This bush takes its name from
the Greek stachys, a spike and our a, a tail, referring
to the form of its catkins. In the late days of March
or early April, you may chance to be passing here
and if you do, you must not overlook these bushes,
for then they are hung full of beautiful bell-like flow-
ers, drooping with great grace, in long axillary racemes
or spikes. Days before the flowers break open, you will
perhaps have noticed the long, conspicuous flower buds
hanging thickly from the axils of its leaves.

Passing along, by the border of the Walk, on the
left, very near to a silver maple and a sycamore ma-
ple, stands a well grown tree with plump trunk, rather
light grayish-brown bark, and leaves so beautifully
cut you love to stop and linger under their soft, light
green, to admire their fineness. These leaves are
round and deeply cut into long, slender pointed lobes.
You probably recognize by them the Acer circinatum
or round-leaved maple.

A little further on, with short trunk, and harsh,
knobby, knotty, heavily ridged branches, you come
upon another cork-bark elm, and about opposite to
it, by the water's edge are large clumps of the false
indigo. Along the Walk a short stretch, and you
find a handsome Japan maple, on the left, and just
across the Walk from it, Japan pagoda tree or Sophora
Japonica, Then come more ginkgo trees and at a

140

point about opposite the end of the green "island''
by the Drive, you pass, on your left, quite a cluster
of sophoras. These trees' leaves may make you
think of the locust. They belong to the same (Legunt-
inoscz or pulse) family, flowering in great panicles of
cream white in late July or early August and the
flowers develop into long chain-like pods of glossy
dark green.

Down by the water's edge, about opposite the group
of sophoras just spoken of, you will find Camper-
down elm, a fine European purple beech, with leaves
of a deep dark crimson-purple, and further on, a small
graceful tree of umbrella-like form, with a fine rain
of slender branches decked with small, narrow, light
gray green leaves. This tree is the New American
Willow, a weeping variety of the purple willow,
grafted on the stock of the goat willow. Its effect is
full of exquisite grace. Following the bend of the
shore, you meet, a little beyond, a goodly cluster of
Austrian pines, all doing well and all showing off
very handsomely the thick, heavy dark green foliage
which is their glory.

If you come back to the Walk now, on your left,
and a few feet beyond the point opposite the cluster
of Austrian pines just spoken of you pass a well set
group of Kcclreuteria, and at the very point where
the greensward narrows down to meet the Drive at
crossing, stands a fine young Kentucky coffee tree
which you readily recognize by its scaly bark and
leaves twice pinnately compound. Across the Drive
here, at the extreme point made by the fork of its two

141

branches (one leading to Sixteenth Street Entrance
and the other turning to the right to go around the
Large Lake and so on to Terrace Bridge) stands,
I believe, the most perfect type of Austrian pine in
the Park. It is nobly set and rolls out its girth
against the sky in all the glory of its strength. You
cannot mistake it, for it is the only tree on the little
point of greensward between the Walk and the two
Drives. At the right hand corner of the Walk back
of this handsome Austrian pine, close by the Drive'
stands a rich clump of Californian privet, very lusty
and glossy in the full sunshine of a fair day.

But we will keep on along the path that wanders
by the side of the Lake. As you pass along, when
you have come to a point about opposite a spot half-
way between the clump of Californian privet above
spoken of, and a lamp-post on the Drive, down at your
right, between you and the water, but nearer the
Walk than the water, you will find a shrub with lance-
oblong leaves. If you rub them with your fingers
and then smell of your fingers, you will be surprised to
find what a fragrance you have drawn from the leaves.
It is an aroma once known you will never forget.
The leaves are mostly entire, that is with margins
not serrated or cut, and, as the season advances,
grow glossy on the upper sides. Clustered in a no-
ticeable way along its branches, you will find the berry
which has given this shrub its name — bayberry or
wax myrtle. The berries show quite plainly, clus-
tered close together in little bunches. They are not

142

very large, smaller than small peas, and are thickly
crusted over with greenish-white wax.

Just beyond the bushes of wax myrtle you will
find some elegant clumps of the arrow wood or Vibur-
num dentatum which you at once recognize by their
saw-cut leaves. Another Californian privet stands a few
feet from the arrowwood, closer to the Walk, looking
very elegant with its dark green, lance-elliptic leaves
and stiffish outshooting branches. This privet turns
in the autumn, a rich indigo-bronze. The Californian
privet is quite different from the* so-called common
privet, (Ligitstrum vulgare). The latter has a much
smaller leaf, not so elliptic in shape, and of a bluish
or bottle green color. You will find specimens of
both kinds side by side, further on, very near the
fork of the Walk, beyond the Artesian Well. But
that is getting ahead of our story. As you stand
beside the Californian privet just spoken of, look
across, at your left, to the noble fountain-fall of
leafspray dropped and suddenly held by some enchant-
ment in mid-air which that magnificent weeping Eu-
ropean beech holds for you over on the slopes of
Lookout Hill. Is it not a beauty! Watch it when
the breeze stirs it into rippling light. Silver flows
down its glossy leaves in spangling flashes and if you
come near to it, your ear will be refreshed with the
cool whispering of its leafy music.

The Walk bends gracefully here to the right and
sweeps around the base of Lookout Hill toward the
Peninsula. Not far from the spot marked "culvert"
on the sectional diagram, yon will find a golden

143

barked variety of the Babylonian or weeping willow.
In winter its twigs turn a rich, strong yellow, and
its falling rain of trailing branches makes it like a
golden vail.

Across the Drive, a little diagonally opposite the
culvert stands a lamp-post, a little to the west of
which are more clumps of Californian privet, and to
the east of it, set off at about equal distances from
each other, you will find handsome young growths
of the Magnolia Soulangeana. One of the trees in
the clump here, the second, by the Drive, beyond the
lamp-post, is an umbrella tree which you recognize
by its large leaves hanging in true umbrella-like form
at the ends of its branches.

Beyond the umbrella-tree, on the right of the Walk,
you pass a lusty young weeping bald cypress. Ex-
amine its rather chain-like growth of leaves and see
how different they are from the flat leaf sprays of
the bald cypress itself. The characteristic look of
the weeping bald cypress is plume-like. Its branches
appearing to arch gently outwards. Both trees have
their own expressions and each h equally fine in its
way. In some of the botanies, you will find the weep-
ing bald cypress referred to as Glyptostrobus Sinen-
sis, var. pendulus (weeping Chinese cypress). You
can always tell it by its close, rather chain-like growth
of leaves.

As you follow the lake side, not far from the Arte-
sian Well, you will find a couple of young weeping
European white birches drooping slender vails of beau-
tifully cut leaves. The bark of these trees is red-

144

dish white against the steel-blue of the Lake. Over
by the Artesian Well is a magnificent display of lilacs
of over eighty different varieties. A little north-west
of the lamp-post, which stands by the Drive, west
of the Artesian Well, a good specimen of the ailanthus
has taken firm stand.

Beyond the Artesian Well, the Walk branches into
two forks. One, the left hand, follows on by the side
of the Drive, and crosses Terrace Bridge to Breeze
Hill. The other slopes gently down to the right and
searches the most delightful arcades of greenery, the
lovely nooks of the Peninsula.. If you love light and
the shine of things green, the breath of dew and the
song of birds, come here in June, early in the morn-
ing, when the gold of the sunlight is illuminating
all the paths with an ever changing dance of sunbeams ;
when the grasses are all bending with the silver of
the dew and sparkling diamond drops from their arch-
ing tips. The robins run over the new mown lawn,
stop a bit to stare at yon and then run on. The golden
bee is already abroad brushing the moist lips of fra-
grant flowers and the quiet air is broken by the splash
of leaping fish in the Lake, feeding along the dream-
ing coves.

We take the right hand fork and go down to the
Peninsula. In its fork is Japan snowball, with easily
distinguishable folded or plicated leaf, generally round
but often longer than broad. Just as you have started
to follow the path over the lovely green stretches of
the Peninsula, you pass, on your left, a sweet viburnum
which vou can know at once bv its verv finelv ser-

145

rated leaves. The Walk goes on to another fork and
just before you come to that branch, there are some
interesting things off to your right. If you have
learned to know the yellow-wood in your park ram-
bles, with its smooth, light gray bark and compound
leaves of rather roundish leaflets, you will find three
of them here almost in a line with each other, parallel
with the Walk. Clustered close together just back
of the central of the three yellow-woods, you will
find some very interesting bushes with leaves which
make you think of dogwood. But they are not dog-
woods by any means. Look along the branchlets
for the thorns you should find terminating them.
These will give you the clue to their identification.
They are good specimens of the common buckthorn,
healthy and doing well. Look at their ovate leaves
closely and you will see that they are finely serrate.
The flowers of these shrubs are very small, greenish,
four parted, scarcely noticeable, in clusters in the
axils of the leaves, and they develop into small, black
berries, which are ripe in September.

Near the Miniature Yacht Club House, a little to
the left of it, you will find not far from an American
elm, a young willow oak. You can easily identify
it by its narrow-lanceolate leaves, which have their
margins entire or nearly so. They look very willow-
like, especially when young. Then they are scurfy
and light green, but they soon grow smooth.

In the center of the Peninsula the Walk forks into
a double set of branches, forming a kind of oblique
cross. One of these forks wanders by several devious

146

ways, down to the very end of the Peninsula. Let
us go down with it. As you proceed, you pass Cali-
fornian privet, on your left, and at the point of the
fork, on your right, Scotch elm and American bass-
wood. On the point of this island of shrubbery that
now meets you on your left is a good clump of dwarf
Japan catalpas. Following down the right hand path-
way embracing this island of shrubbery set in the
encircling walk, you will find white mulberry, easily
known by its glossy three shapes of leaves, and a
fine scarlet fruited thorn. Another little island of
shrubbery meets us as we go on, and we take the
left branch of the Walk. Then we pass, on our right,
beginning at the end of this island, ginkgo tree, known
easily by its fan-shaped leaves, fringe tree, more gink-
go trees, yellow-wood, small leaved European linden,
and Japan pagoda tree at the far or eastern end of
this "island." On your left hand you have passed up to
this point, English hawthorn, which bears beautiful
pink flowers in May, Japan quince on the westerly
point of another island of shrubbery set in here, then
two fine yellow-woods with smooth gray bark, then
gingko tree again and Standish's honeysuckle on the
easterly end of this "island," just opposite the Japan
pagoda tree on the easterly end of the other "island.'*
We are through the "islands," so gracefully set in
the paths here, and the Walk loiters on in easy wind-
ings to the extreme end of the Peninsula. If you
go on with it, you find two pretty black haws a little
further along, standing about opposite each other,
and beyond these, on your right, as you go easterly,

147

you will find a very beautifully leaved hawthorn stand-
ing modestly by the bend of the path as it makes its
last turn, which is to the right. This is a hybrid of the
Crataegns tcnufolia. Beyond it is Californian privet,
and, at the very end of the Walk, a beautiful hawthorn
with dark oval glossy green shining leaves and large
thorns. This is the oval leaved variety of the cock-
spur thorn and in its way it is a little beauty.

Let us turn around now and go back, but instead of
quite retracing our steps, follow the right hand border
of the path until it meets the Walk which comes from
under Terrace Bridge. About opposite the Japan
pagoda trees, which we passed on the way down, you
will see a good bush Dentzia. Beyond the Dcutzia is
Koclreuteria. Right out across from these, if you care
to push through the grass to the water's edge, you will
find two specimens of the umbel-flowered oleas-
ter (Elccagnus uinbcllata). You cannot miss them.
Their leaves are elliptic or oblong ovate, crisped about
the margins and silvery white on the undersides, often
marked with a few brown scales. Having taken a de-
tour to see these, we go on, following the right hand
border of the Walk.

Near the spot where the Walk conies down close to
the water, there are some interesting things to pause
over for a few moments at least. If you stop at the
middle of the open stretch of path, and face the water,
due north, you will have upon your right two beautiful
English hawthorns, one of them bearing light reddish
or pink flowers in May. On your left, very close to the
water are some salmon barked varieties of the white

148

willow. You see that they have the leaf of the variety
vitellina (the golden willow), but their barks are very
different from that of vitellina, as you will see if you
come to them in the winter. As winter approaches
these trees change their barks first to brassy gold, then
to pink and then to crimson-pink. Next, to the left
of the salmon-barked willows, standing a little back
from the Walk is a very peculiar looking sapling, with
leaves curiously curled and twisted into ring-like
wreathings. This is the curled-leaved or ring-leaved
willow, and it is a variety of the weeping willow.

If you turn to the west now and follow the path's
right hand border, it will lead you around the shore
of a little arm of the Lake nestled here. When you
come to a point where it (the Walk) makes its last
junction before meeting the path from under Terrace
Bridge, you will find three fine clumps of the Reeve's
spiraea. Back of them stands a golden barked weeping
willow. Side by side, on the point that juts from the
shore just back of the willow are two fine specimens of
the Lombardy poplar.

Continuing along the path, which has turned from a
westerly to a northerly direction, you pass golden
barked weeping willow, common elder, false indigo.
Then comes an open stretch and laurel-leaved willow,
glossy and shining; false indigo again, mixed in with
Cornus stolonifera; and then French tamarisk. Just
beyond the last fork of the Walk you should notice the
fine cluster of European spindle trees which stand
grouped together in cozy gatherings on the right of
the Walk. They make a fine showing in the frosty
days of early autumn with their brilliant crimson fruits,

149

the husks of which curl back and show the orange
tinted seeds.

Now we turn at the last fork, sharply to the left and
go up the Walk that climbs the hill to meet the Walk
beside the Drive which passes over Terrace Bridge.
Just as this path joins the drive walk, there is a very
beautiful cluster of European mountain-ashes. Just
before you come to these, notice on your right, the
handsome little maple standing near one of them. You
will find it easily by its leaves which are chiefly five
lobed with the lobes acuminate. The leaves have a
rather truncate base. It is one of the rarest maples
in cultivation and is the Acer truncatum or maple of
Northern China.

As you meet the drive walk, turn to your right and
follow it over Terrace Bridge. Notice on your right
as you go along the handsome dark-purple-leaved va-
riety "Geneva," of the Norway maple. Don't mis-
take this for the Schwedler's maple. You will find ex-
cellent specimens of the Schwedler's maple as you
enter the Park from Ocean Avenue. They stand on the
Walk in front of the right hand path as you enter the
Park. The Schwedler's leaf is larger and turns green-
ish as the season advances. Further along the drive
path, you pass black cherry and as you come near Ter-
race Bridge, a small oak tree of noticeably pyramidal
form. It is the pyramid oak and its leaves tell you
that it is a variety of the English oak. Beside the pyra-
mid oak, nearer the Bridge, you find common locust.

Across the Bridge, just back of the lamp-post which
stands as a beacon by the pathside, the rich glossy

stem-winged leaves of the dwarf mountain sumac de-
tain your eye. How lovely they are in autumn when
the frost sets them glowing in rich cool crimsons. The
staghorn and the smooth sumacs turn a bright brilliant
scarlet crimson, but the copallina, smoulders with a less
intense flame and holds its fire longer. Down the hill-
side a little, at your right you will find not far from the
winding Walk that creeps out from under the Bridge
and loiters easily along the lake border of Breeze Hill,
a pretty young mountain maple, with leaves of three
(sometimes five, but rarely) coarsely serrate lobes and
base slightly cordate. The lobes are taper pointed.
If you are passing this shrub in June, look for its deli-
cate spikes or panicles of greenish yellow flowers.
Below the mountain maple, close by the Walk, you
will find tiger's tail spruce (Pice a polita) with leaves
stiff enough to identify it easily. Coming back to
the Walk beside the Drive, in the fork of
the Walk just beyond the lamp-post, stands a bush
of the white flowered variety of the Tartarian honey-
suckle and if you follow on to the Old Fashioned
Flower Garden which crowns the summit of Breeze
Hill you pass, about half way there, a little off from
the Walk, at your right, a lusty young specimen of the
Japan silver fir. It is about four or five feet high,
with strong stiff branches and leaves of marked indi-
viduality. You cannot mistake them. They are about
one inch long and grow very closely two-ranked with
a noticeable twist at the base where they join the
branch. Moreover they are distinctly notched at the
ends, are smooth dark green on the upper sides and
rather silvery beneath.

A kind of mushroom shaped shelter has taken up
its abode near the westerly end of the Old Fashioned
Flower Garden and about opposite it are several noble
Kentucky coffee trees, glorying in scaly bark and
sweeping foliage. Beside the more easterly of this
group you will find an interesting shrub, bladder
senna. You can know it by its compound leaves, made
up of from seven to eleven oval and somewhat trun-
cate leaflets. In summer it hangs full of yellow flowers
which change into peculiar bladder-like pods.

Go back a little now to the spot where you found
the white Tartarian honeysuckle and follow the right
hand fork of the Walk which goes down the mid-slope
of the hill. Not far from the junction of the Walk, a
stalwart old mossy-cup or bur oak, hangs over your
head, from the right of the Walk, large leaves with
characteristic deep sinuses about opposite each other
near the middle of the leaf, plainly speaking "macro-
carpa." If you have never seen the acorns of this oak
make haste to find one and see how it frouzles all over
the nut, with a twisted fringe that in many cases quite
covers the acorn. This feature has given it the name
overcup oak and well does it merit it.

Directly down the slope of the hill from the bur oak
on the path below the one you now stand on, near
a point where the Walk comes close to the water, you
will find, if you take a run down there, some very well
grown young paper mulberry trees. The paper mul-
berry has a very characteristic bark and when you get
to know it, you can pick it out quite a little distance
away. Its bark is a light pinkish gray and at intervals

152

along its stem it is marked with darker tinges of
gray, which give you the idea of bands put around the
trunk. But if the bark fails to fix it for you, look at
the ovate or heart-shaped leaves, which are lobed va-
riously, like the usual mulberry leaves, mitten form,
with the thumb on either side or perhaps both thumbs
on the same mitten. The leaves are very rough on
the uppersides but soft and downy on the undersides.
The flowers of this tree are not very striking. They
occur in inconspicuous greenish catkins in the spring.
On old trees the leaves are scarcely lobed at all.

Push on from the paper mulberries a little and strike
off from the path to the lake border. At a point there,
about opposite the Japan silver fir, on the upper Walk
of the hill, you will be delighted to see a good speci-
men of the smooth alder. Its little black "cones" hang-
ing all through it tell you it is "alder" and its thick,
finely serrate, smooth leaves, green on both sides, tell
you it is the Alnus serrulata. The leaf is obovate in
shape, acute at the base, but its margin is very finely
serrate.

Go up the hill again now to the middle path and
see if you can find the alternate-leaved dogwood which
stands near the Walk a little way along. You will
know it first of all by its alternate leaves. But its
bark, quite different from that of the flowering dog-
wood, is ashy gray. Its leaves are noticeably taper
pointed. If you are passing near here in late May,
you may see its flowers, in large white flat cymes.
These change into bright blue berries on reddish stalks.

153

This dogwood stands about opposite a fine English oak
on the other side of the Walk.

A little south-west of the alternate-leaved dogwood
you will see a pine tree that looks something like an
Austrian pine, but you can tell at once that it is of
finer, more elegant appearance. Its leaves are longer
and much more slender than those of the Austrian
pine. If you will examine these leaves with your
hand-glass you will see that they are concave on the
undersides and convex on the outer. The pine is
Japan pine (Pinus densiflora) t and its long, slender
leaves give its branches a sweeping, rich look quite
different from the stiff bunching appearance of the
Austrian.

Just beyond the English oak, opposite the alternate-
leaved dogwood, spoken of above, stands an exceed-
ingly interesting tree which will be the last we consider
in this ramble. It is a young Cedar of Lebanon and it
is flourishing in true form. You will know it at once
by its fine feathery look. If you examine its foliage
closely, you will see that its needles are rather rigid,
of a deep green color and gathered together in pretty
rosette-like fascicles or bundles along the branches.
The leaves look larch-like, but they are evergreen
while larches are deciduous. Notice also the straight
out horizontal reach of the whorled branches and the
little upward tilting of the terminal branches. It is
a beautiful young tree and it is to be hoped that it will
do as nobly as its kinsman Cedrus, the Cedrus Atlantlca
over on the north-eastern slope of Lookout Hill.

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 10

COMMON NAME

1. Josika or fringe-tree-

leaved lilac.

2. Bush Deutzia.

3. Camperdown elm.

4. Tree box or boxwood.

5. Bhotan pine.

6. Polish juniper.

7. Hemlock.

8. Gregory's Norway

spruce.

9. Large-flowered syringa.

10. Silver maple.

11. Japan quince.

12. White-stamened syringa.

13. Rhododendrons. (Vari-

ous kinds.)

14. Mountain laurel.

15. Common elder.

16. Fly honeysuckle.

17. Japan mahonia or ash-

berry.

18. Mugho pine.

19. European or English

yew.

20. Rhododendron. (Rosy

lilac colored flowers.)

21. Red maple.

22. Common sweet pepper

bush.

23. English field maple.

24. Sugar maple.

25. Tree box or boxwood.

BOTANICAL NAME
Syringa Josikaa.

Deutzia crcnata.

Ulmus montana, var. Cam-

perdownii pendula.
Bu.rus semperi'inens.
Pinus excelsa.
Juniperus communis, var.

Cracovia.

Tsuga Canadensis.
Picea excelsa, var. Gregory-

iana.

Philadelphus grandiftorus.
Acer dasycarpum.
Cydonia Japonica.
Philadelphus nivalis.

Kalmia latifolia.
Sambucus Canadensis.
Lonicera .rylosteum.
Mahonia Japonica.

Pinus montana, var. Mughus.
Taxus baccata.

Rhododendron, var. evcrcs-

tianum.
Acer rubrum.
Clethra aim folia.

Acer campestre.
Acer saccharinum.
Bu.rus scmpervirens.

158

COMMON NAME

26. White pine.

27. Japan yew.

28. Golden bell or For-

sythia.

29. Weigela.

30. Austrian pine.

31. Bald cypress.

32. Yellow or golden willow.
33- Japan ground cypress or

Japan arbor vitse
(Plume-leaved).
34. American bladder nut.
Five-leaved akebia.
English elm.

37. Wistaria. (White

flowers.)

38. Spicebush.

39. Slender Deutzia.

40. Japan Wistaria. (Dark

purple flowers.)

41. Oriental spruce.

42. Hackberry or sugar-

berry.

43. European larch.

44. Copper beech.

45. Van Houtte's spiraea.

46. Common elder.

47. Cephalonian silver fir.

48. Tree celandine.

49. Fringe tree."

50. Black cherry.

51. Grecian silk vine.

52. Red osier.

S3- Cut-leaved European
elder.

54. American holly.

55. Mountain laurel.

56. Andromeda. (Axillary

flowers.)

57. Small mockernut hick-

ory.

58. Sweet buckeye.

BOTANICAL NAME

Pinus strobus.
Taxus adpressa.
Forsythia viridissima.

Diervilla amabilis.

Pinus Austriaca.

T a. r odium distichum.

Salix alba, var. vitellina.

Chamo'cy paris (or Rctinos-

pora) pisifcra, var. plum-

osa.

Staphylea trifolia.
Akebia quinata.
Ulmus campestris.
Wistaria Sinensis, var. alba.

Benzoin benzoin.
Deutzia gracilis.
Wistaria multijuga.

Pice a orient alls.
Celtis occidentals.

Larix Europ&a.
Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprca.
Spircea Van Houttei.
Sambucus Canadensis.
Abies Cephalonica.
Bocconia cordata.
Chionanthus Virginica.
Primus serotina.
Periploca Grceca.
Cornus stolonifera.
Sambucus nigra, var. lacin-

iata.

Ilex opaca.
Kalmia lati folia.
Andromeda a.rillaris.

Carya inicrocarpa.
Aesculus ilava.

159

COMMON NAME

59. Red-flowering horse-

chestnut.

60. Sweet bay or swamp

magnolia.

61. Umbrella tree.

62. American white ash.

63. Cucumber tree.

64. American hornbeam.

65. Ninebark.

66. Common locust.

67. Purple beech.

68. Tulip tree.

69. Honey locust.

70. European spindle tree.

71. White poplar or abele

tree.

72. Reeve's spiraea.

73. Black haw.

74. Shadbush, June berry or

service berry.

75. Flowering dogwood.

76. Bush cranberry.

77. Huckleberry.

78. Royal white willow.

79. Arrowwood.

80. Bay or laurel-leaved wil-

low.

81. Blue willow.

82. Intermediate-leaved For-

sythia.

83. Weir's cut-leaved silver

maple.

84. Red oak.

85. Lilac. (White flowers.)

86. Lilac. (Purple flowers.)

87. Osage orange.

88. Hop hornbeam or iron-

wood.

89. Wayfaring tree.

90. English hawthorn.

BOTANICAL NAME

Aesculus hippocastcuium, var.

rubicunda.
Magnolia glauca.

Magnolia umbrella.
Fraxinus Americana.
Magnolia acuniinata.
Carpinus Caroliniana.
Physocarpus (or Spircra)

opuli folia.

Robinia pseudacacia.
Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur-

purca.

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Gleditschia triacanthos.
Euonymus Europ&us.
Populus alba.

Spircea Rccvcsiana.
Viburnum pru nifolium.
Amclanchicr Canadcnsis.

Conius Honda.
Viburnum opulis.
Gaylussacia resinosa.
Sajix alba, var. regalis.
Viburnum dentatum.
Salix pcntandra (or laurifo-

lia).

Salix alba, var. carulca.
Fo rsyth ia in term edia.

Acer dasycarpum, var. Wcirii

laciniatum.
Quercus rubra.
Syringa vulgaris, var. alba.
Syringa vulgaris.
Madura aurantiaca.
Ostrya Virginica.

Viburnum rugosum (or Vi-
burnum lantana}.
Cratccgus o.ryacantha.

i6o

COMMON NAME

91. Norway spruce.

92. Common elder.

93. European or tree alder.

94. Bay or laurel-leaved wil-

low.

95. European hornbeam.

96. Tree box or boxwood.

97. Striped maple or moose-

wood.

98. European hazel.

99. English elm.

100. European hornbeam.

101. American or white elm.

102. Red mulberry.

103. Fern-leaved beech.

104. European silver fir.

105. American larch.

106. Weeping European sil-

ver linden.

107. European larch.

108. American chestnut.

109. Babylonian or weeping

willow,
no. Large-racemed dwarf

horsechestnut.
in. Dwarf Japan catalpa.

112. European flowering ash.

113. Purple willow.

114. Big shellbark or kingnut

hickory.

115. Purple willow.

BOTANICAL NAME

Plcca c.vcelsa.

Sambucus Canadensis.

Alnus glutinosa.

Salix pentandra (or lauri-

folia).

Carpinus betulus.
Buxus sempervirens.
Acer Pennsylvanicum.

Corylus avellana.

Ulmus campestris.

Carpinus betulus.

Ulmus Americana.

Morus rubra.

Fagus sylvatica, var. hetero-
phylla.

Abies pectinata.

Larix Americana.

Tilia Europaa, var. argcntca
(or alba) pendula.

Larix Europcca.

Castanca saliva, var. Ameri-
cana.

Salix Babylonica.

Pavia macrostachya.

Catalpa Bungei.
Fraxinns ornns.
Salix purpurea.
Carya side at a.

Salix purpurea.

X.

AROUND LULLWATER.

One of the loveliest rambles in the Park
lies through those winding vistas of trees and water
which the architect has wrought into "Lullwater."
It is well named, for the water seems hushed to sleep in
cozy coves and inlets. It is so shut off and retired that
it has a charm of seclusion all its own. Here in the
early morning the gold fish swirl and leap as they
feed and break the dreaming waters with quick
splashes. Here the sunshine pours down and puts
a glory of quivering and illumined green be-
fore your eyes. In the Arbor here you can
pass enchanted hours, watching the sweep of the
kingbird or listening to the soft knocking call
of the yellow-billed cuckoo. The boats glide
by, reflecting, in dancing vines of light and shade along
their polished sides, the tremble of the sunbeams on the
waters. The robins send down querulous calls from
the living green about you, and the soft cottony clouds
float over the tree tops, in the purest of white. The
breeze comes at times touching' the waters with feet
of silver and sets all the leaves on fire with a flame
of white light which sweeps through them in swift
showers like sudden rain. Come here when you
will, it is always beautiful ; be it in spring when
the new greens are hanging their illumined beauties

162

to the sun, or in summer, when the leaves are rustling
to warm breezes, or in autumn, when the crimsons
and golds paint the frost stilled waters, or in win-
ter, when the white fingered snow tucks in the fallen
leaves and smooths over all its silence and purity.

In this ramble through Lullwater we start at the
Arch, Cleft Ridge Span, leading from the Flower Gar-
den and, turning to the left, follow the path along the
banks of the stream to Terrace Bridge ; cross the
Bridge and return through Lullwater by the path on
the other side of the stream, passing over Lullwood
Bridge and so back to Cleft Ridge Span.

On passing through the Arch there are a few things
to note on our right hand and then we will follow the
Walk which leads off at the left and wanders along
the eastern side of Lullwater.

Well up on the bank, on the right is a fine high
bush which in June, is hung full of beautiful bell-like
flowers of the purest white. By a careless observer, it
might be taken, out of bloom, for a syringa, but it is
quite different as you see by looking closely at its
leaf. It is Deutsia crenata and you will find many
handsome clumps of it all over the Park. Just back
of this bush, you will find another very interesting
shrub. As you look at it you are at once struck with
the remarkable resemblance of its leaves to those of
the fringe tree (Chionanthus). Indeed, this resem-
blance has given it one of its familiar names, "fringe-
tree-leaved lilac." If you have any doubts about its
being a lilac, stand before it some June day and you
will see it throwing up handsome panicles of white

flowers that at once say "lilac" to your discriminat-
ing eye. It is the Syringa Josikcea or the Josika lilac
and gets its botanical name from the Baroness von
Josika who discovered its parent stock in Hungary. It
is certainly very handsome and there are many bushes
of it in the Park. Some of them bear deep purple
flowers, much deeper in hue than those of our com-
mon lilac. Do not confuse Syringa, the generic term
of lilac, with Syringa which is botanically known by
the name Philadelphia.

Of course, you at once recognize the very hand-
some Camperdown elm at the turn of the Walk as it
bends to go over to the Boat House. You no doubt
have already learned the look . of its leaf, rough
dark green, broad across the top and ending in beau-
tiful points which shoot out conspicuously from its
heavy serrations. The umbrella-like form of this tree
is enough to mark it, but learn to know its leaf. No-
tice, too, its kinship of leaf with the Scotch elm.

Now let us go back a little and begin at the left
of the Arch. High up on the bank, there is another
Camperdown elm and close beside it a well grown Bho-
tan pine. It is easy to know the Bhotan by its tassel-
like foliage. Close down by the Walk is box or box-
wood (Bii.vus sempervircns). In early spring look foi
its interesting little flowers in sessile bracted clusters
closely set in the axils of the thick, entire, opposite,
evergreen leaves. Beyond the box, is Polish juniper,
differing from common juniper in its thick bunchy
cluster-like leaf growth and shorter, stiffer needles.
That it is juniper, you easily know by examining its

164

leaves which grow in whorls of three and are silvery
glaucous on the upper sides. The stem of this shrub
looks not unlike that of the red cedar, dark reddish
brown, with its bark in strips and shreds. Beyond the
Polish juniper is common hemlock and beyond the
hemlock, close to the Walk, like a hemisphere of cush-
ioned evergreen is a beautiful bunch of dwarf Nor-
way spruce, of the variety Gregoryana, (Picca cx-
cclsa, var. Gregoryana). You cannot mistake it. Its
form alone identifies it. Stoop down and look at its
close, compact foliage. It is a beauty. Just as the Walk-
bends to the left here, you will find a fine bush of
the Philadelphia grandiflorus and quite a clump of
it on the opposite corner of the Walk. In June it is
filled full of fragrant white petaled and yellow
stamened flowers. Just behind the middle of the
clump on the right hand corner of the Walk, you will
find a variety with ivhite stamens. This is Philadelphus
nivalis and the effect of its bloom is indeed "snowy."
A little further along on the left and ex-
tending back up the slope of Breeze Hill, a
little, is a fine cluster of rhododendrons of
various kinds. Those breaking out white trusses
of bloom are Rhododendron album elegans and, with
very large white truss, R. album grandifiorum; cherry
red, Charles Bagley; rose lilac, Everestianum ; dark
crimson, John Waterer. The great bay, Rhododen-
dron maximum, carries large bunches of pink and
white blossoms in late June and early July. It is
broad-leaved. Close to the Walk, mixed in with
rhododendrons is a clump of mountain laurel (Kalmia

latifolia) which you may know from the rhododendrons
by its much smaller lance-ovate leaves, green on both
sides. The leaves of the rhododendrons are much
longer and more oblong-lance shaped, not unlike the
look of the magnolia-leaf. Of course if you meet
them in bloom it is very easy to distinguish them, for
the Kalmia has umbel-like clusters of small saucer
shaped flowers while the rhododendron has a large bell-
shaped funnel-form corolla, entirely different. The
laurel has a queer way of concealing its stamen-heads or
anthers in little pockets in the corolla and when the
visiting insect touches these they fly out on elastic
filaments and bombard it with pollen. The rhododen-
dron has long stamens (five to ten in number), very
conspicuously set from the corolla and often curved to
the lower side.

Beyond the clump of rhododendrons is a good bush
of elder, and beside the elder, broad, spiny, Mahonia
Japonica, of the barberry family. The latter has pin-
nate light green leaves and clustered racemes of yel-
low flowers in the early spring. The leaves brown in
winter. About opposite the elder and Mahonia, on
the other side of the Walk is a clump (four bushes)
of syringa (Philadelphus grandiflorus) and just beside
the last bush of syringa is fly honeysuckle, (Lonicera
xylosteum). You know it at once by its soft, very
downy (when young) leaves, rather heart shaped and
hairy on the edge. It bears yellow flowers in May,
with nearly equal lobes and a very unequal sided
base, which gives the flower a two-lipped appearance.
The flowers develop into beautiful red berries.

1 66

On the right of the Walk again, we come to two
Mugho pines which you will have no trouble in know-
ing from their dwarf prostrate forms of growth. Some
adverse fate seems to have befallen the Mugho pine,
for it looks as if it had been beaten down upon the
head so continuously that it abandoned long ago any
idea it may have had of being a tree and decided to
stay a humble, rambling bush. I like its tough form
and its close tenacious grip, for somehow, as I pass it,
I seem to see the Alp winds beating and buffeting its
close dense head, whistling through its needles, but
never rooting it from its eagle-like claw upon the
soil. Each shrub and tree brings with it its heredity
even in the Park, and he who carries an imagination
with him in his Park walks, will travel through many
countries, passing from clime to clime. This is one
of the things which makes a Park stroll so interesting.
The Bhotan pines whisper of the Himalayas, the Cau-
casian walnut of Russia and the trans-Ural district,
the Austrian pines of the Alps and the Tyrol, hosts
of things of China and Japan. Many lands are
compressed into the few hundred acres which make
the city park, and they are there for whomsoever will
come to see them. Just consider for a moment what
this means, what you have within reach of a trolley
car. Truly a park is a wonderful place and if you
love to know the garnitures of God's earth in their
myriad forms walk here and see some of the beautiful
growths of lands so distant as to seem almost dream-
like.

Beyond the Mugho pines is a goodly English yew

i67

and next to it a well grown rhododendron of the variety
Evcrestianum. About opposite the yew is another
fringe-tree-leaved lilac (Syringa Josikcra^ and
about opposite the Everestianum, red maple and close
by the water, a clump of the sweet pepper bush
(Clethra alnifolia). The Clethra you know by its leaf
alone, serrate along its upper part and entire along
its lower part. As you remember it bears long white
fingers of bloom in July. Beyond the Clethra nearer
to the Walk are two well grown English field maples
(Acer campestre), known at once by the square-cut
lobes of their leaves.

On the left of the Walk again, opposite the two
English maples you find Mahonia Japonica again and
then four well-grown boxwood trees with their close-
set lifeful-looking leaves. See them in winter with
the crystalline sunshine of the morning silvering them
over with a dazzling brilliance and you will not be
sorry you came. Many a winter's ramble have I had
through here with the box all glorified in the down-
pour of the sun's splendor, with the snow breaking
away from the boughs of the neighboring evergreens
in gentle little puffs of white, with that wondrous
mysterious living silence of winter filling the air,
broken only save by the muttered rumbling of the ice
or the whispering of wind-driven snow.

Beside the last of the box clumps here, we meet a
very interesting shrub. Notice its leaves, see how
closely squeezed they are. This is the so-called Japan
yew, but as Gray says, probably but a variety of the
English yew. Its botanical name is T.a.rus adpressa,

i68

or in other words, yew, with closely appressed leaves.
See how well it has been named. How different its
thick short blunt leaves are from the sharply pointed
leaves of the English yew. You can pick it out by its
close-set leaf spray for a certainty. If you happen to
pass it in early autumn you may chance to see its
beautiful red-pink seed cups hanging brightly all
through its dark green, like little bells. In the center
of the cup is the seed, black brown. This cup is the
sign of the yew family. There are many choice
things in this section of the Park and this is one of
them. There is another fine clump of it further along
beyond the Arbor.

Beyond the Japan yew is box again and beyond the
box, English yew. This English yew is pretty well
grown and is a good type of the genus.

A little further along you come, on the left, to a
clump of rhododendrons and about opposite these, on
the right, is a well grown red maple. Passing on,
there are bushes of the rosy pink Weigcla (Diervilla
amabilis) and just back of the Weigela, a clump of
the golden bell or Forsythia viridissima. The For-
sythia viridissima has rather lance-like leaves. Fur-
ther on, on the right, we meet another Forsythia viri-
dissima and beside it, toward the Lake, bald cypress
(Taxodium distichum). Notice the feather-like leaves
of the bald cypress. The bald cypress is surpassingly
lovely at two seasons of the year — in spring, when its
tender green makes your heart go out to it, and in
autumn, when it waves a plume of softest old-gold
and brown against the sky. It is tall and spire-like of

169

growth and deciduous in habit dropping its leaves in
late autumn. Even in winter it has a beauty of its
own when it spreads against the quivering and golden
splendor of a winter's sunset the wirework of its del-
icate branches. What eloquence in such a sight ! The
hush, the winter stillness, the mute lakes stretched in
steels armored against the wintry winds, no one in
sight, the plaintive call of a kinglet and back of the
bare branched bald cypress a tremulous sea of golden
sky!

But we cannot spend so much time on the bald
cypress. Beside it, near the water, is a white willow
of the variety vitellina. The glory of this tree is in
the winter. Then its twigs turn a conspicuous brassy
yellow. You can see them afar off through the
maze of the gray-brown branches of its neighbors.
Beyond the Forsythia here is a red maple and then
we have come to the Arbor. On the left, from the last
mentioned clump of rhododendrons, we have passed
English yew, Austrian pine, white pine. The white
pine you can know by its horizontal branches of bright
light green foliage. By the Walk, in almost straight
line from the white pine is a lovely Retinospora plu-
mosa. Just stop a bit and look at the fineness of its
leaf spray. Is it not exquisitely wrought, so fine and
so feathery? Up the hill there are several Austrian
pines easily known by their thick-set, chunky growth
and dark green tufted foliage. The Walk draws us
along, and we soon come to the Arbor.

The Arbor has many things of interest to show us.
If you stand in the middle of it and face the Lake

170

in the far right hand corner of its trellised roof is a
clustered vine which by its five leaves you recognize
at once as Akebia quinata. The pretty climber is quite
frequent in the Park, and you should get to know
its five oval or obovate leaflets distinctly notched at
the end. Its leaves are almost clover-like. This beau-
tiful Japan vine, in early spring, breaks into bloom
with rich plum colored flowers. At the far right hand
corner of the Arbor, toward the hillside, and back
of the first seat, are clumps of Dentzia gracilis. Be-
hind the second seat is a good English yew. Over-
head, woven through the trellis, is a lovely Wistaria
which in May and June lets down long racemes of
very fragrant white flowers. Near the far left hand
end of the Arbor as you face the water, the trellis
is hung with Wistaria bearing deep purple flowers.
Very nearly overhead from the last seat of the left
hand end of the Arbor the Grecian silk vine (Periploca
Graeca) twines its smooth ovate pointed leaves. In
June this pretty vine blooms with small greenish yel-
low flowers in lateral cymes. The upper side of the
oblong lobes are brownish-purple.

Just in front of the Arbor are several things to claim
your interest. Before its far right hand corner, where
the Akebia twines, you will find three bushes in one,
two, three order, side by side, toward the Lake. These
are the three-leaved or American bladder-nut (Sta-
phylea trifolia) . Their flowers are very beautiful. In
purest of white, they hang in raceme-like clusters at
the ends of the branchlets of the season. They break
out in early spring. Opposite the middle of the Arbor

stands a well grown spice bush (Benzoin benzoin)
known at once by its spreading dusky, blackish
branches speckled with whitish patches. The spice
bush blooms early, a little later than the Cornelian
cherry and sets its flowers in little close clusters of
yellow along its bare branches. Next to the spice bush
stands another bald cypress. North-west from the
bald cypress, close to the water's edge, is a sturdy
English elm of heavy trunk and oak-like growth.
Next beyond the English elm, overhanging the water
is a hackberry. If you had nothing else to know it
by except its bark that would be enough. Look at
the base of its trunk. Those knots and ridges are
enough to identify any hackberry. They are always
present. At the north-western corner of the Arbor
you will find European larch, not doing very well here
for some reason, and beyond the larch, another bald
cypress. These are on the right of the Walk.

Not very far from them, as you go on, there is a
clump of the Van Houtte's spiraea and a little to one
side of it, a bush of the red osier (Cornus stolonifer a } .
Notice the reddish stems of this bush. In winter they
are bright crimson. Its leaf shows its kinship with
the dogwoods. In the early summer it flowers with
flat white corymbs and these develop into lead colored
berries. You cannot mistake this bush if you examine
its twigs. These towards their ends are very reddish
and streaked with crinkly lines of light gray. Almost
opposite the red osier, leaning out over the water from
its foothold on the very edge of the bank is a fairy
shrub, all lace and fineness. This is the cut-leaved

172

European elder (Sambucus nigra, var. laciniata).
You can know it by its leaf alone. It makes you think
of the graceful arabesques of Moorish decorations.
One leaf of it would serve as an exquisite model for
artistic designing. Hanging here over the water it
seems to float on the air. Try to see it in June, when,
through all its lace, it sets the feathery fineness of its
white flowers. Beside the Walk again, further along,
we come to Van Houtte's spiraea again. Then we meet
Oriental spruce, tall, pyramidal, with beautiful dark
green foliage whose deep shadows seem full of sweetly
melancholy thoughts. Beyond the spruce is a fine
fringe tree and beyond the fringe tree, silver maple,
two more clumps of Spircea Van Houttei, then Wei-
gela, (a little back of the second bush of Van Houttei)
and then black cherry. This black cherry stands by
the Walk, where the water curves in close to the bank.
Up to this point, on the left, you have passed (from
the Arbor) Oriental spruce, American elder, and two
English yews quite close together. They stand about
opposite the Cornus stolonifera. Just beside the first
English yew here, nestling close to it is Japan yew
(Ta.rus adpressa) and beyond the second yew is an
interesting herb from China, Bocconia cordata, named
from Bocconi, an Italian botanist. It rises on tall
stems and carries very odd looking round-cordate
lobed leaves, thick, veiny and glaucous. In late July
or early August it is in bloom, and then you may see
its large spikes of white or rose-white flowers very
showy and very beautiful in their fineness. It is cer-
tainly very pleasingly set here, foiled by the dark

green of the yews. Back of the Bocconia, up the hill,
is an excellent growth of American holly (Ilex opaca)
and just beyond the holly, down the hill a little, is an-
other English yew. There are goodly clumps of moun-
tain laurel in here and in June they are in full bloom.
You will find two of them opposite the fringe tree on
the other side of the Walk. Almost beside the second
clump of laurel you will find a" good specimen of
Andromeda axillaris. This shrub is lovely in early
spring when it sends out flowers, on curving stems, in
long rows of little white bells like lilies-of-the-valley.
These droop on either side of the middle flower stem.

Up the hill, back of the Andromeda, is a tall hickory
with rather close bark and small fruit. Its leaves are
made up of five and seven leaflets, long pointed, finely
serrate and smooth. It is the small mockernut hickory
Carya microcarpa. Up the hill a little further back
is European larch.

Back to the Walk again, only a few feet beyond
the Andromeda you pass a row of Dcutzia gracilis.
They make a graceful picture when in height of
bloom, certainly well meriting their name.

Now we have come to that part of the Walk where
the water bends close to it in a deep sinus, and as
we go on, about opposite the black cherry, on the
right, we have, on the left, an interesting tree. It
is the sweet buckeye (Aesculus flava) and there is an-
other back of it, up the hill a little, standing knee-
deep in the waving grass. You can know this tree
by its compound leaves of from five to seven leaflets.

174

pointed, smooth, elliptical and finely serrate. It has
yellowish-white flowers in late May or early June.

Beyond the flava, we meet a handsome red-flower-
ing horse-chestnut. Its leaves tell you at once that
it is of the common horse-chestnut family. But
it is no common tree. In full bloom it is a lovely
sight. Its flowers are a soft rose-red, and the tree
in the full burst of its bloom, glows afar off like a
torch. Next to this tree stands a graceful young
sweet bay or swamp magnolia (Magnolia glauca).
You can distinguish it easily by turning over its ten-
der leaves of light green and looking at their under-
sides. That pale whitish cast of color is decisive and
says distinctly "glauca." Its flowers appear late,
from June to August, and they are round, white and
exceedingly fragrant. Further on a little, on both sides
of the Walk, are clusters of umbrella trees (Magnolia
umbrella'). You have, by this time, grown to know
their large paddle-shaped leaves.

Back of the first of these, on the left of the Walk,
stands a handsome copper beech. There are several
copper beeches along here and you can contrast their
hues with the deep crimson tints of the purple beeches
further on. These trees are of marvelous beauty in
the spring and be sure to see them. I know of no
handsomer ones in the Park than those right here.
Get the sun through them and you will appreciate
their differences of color.

Further along, we meet, on the right, American
white ash and down on the point of the bank, lean-
ing out over the water, gathered together in a close

J75

clump, are some yellow or golden willows (Saliv
tilba, var. vitcllina). Next to the white ash is an-
other clump of Van Houtte's spiraea and a
similar bush on the other side of the Walk (the
left) about diagonally opposite. Then we come to
cucumber tree, on the right, and, by the water's edge
American hornbeam. On the left, we have another
copper beech. Beyond, on the left, we pass common
locust, and still further along, bush cranberry with-
large goose-foot leaves and bright red berries in late
July or early August. Back of the cranberry is an-
other common locust, with fine tender green, pinnately
compound leaflets. You will know it for a certainty
if you find the thorns on its branches. Still further
back; up the slope of the hill, is a clump of the Eu-
ropean spindle tree or Euonymus. Be sure to see it
in autumn when it breaks open its conspicuous richly
crimson, generally four-lobed fruit. It is very marked
then and well worth seeing. It blooms in May with odd
looking greenish white flowers, which are scarcely no-
ticeable. If you notice its branches you will see that
they are peculiarly marked with streaks which remind
you of the striped maple. Back of the Euonymus is
a fine honey locust with characteristic black bark and
prominent spines. These spines are murderous-look-
ing affairs and seem to sprout out all over the tree.
On its trunk they are very large and generally they
are three-thorned, but often carry many more than
this number. This characteristic of three-thorns has
given the tree its botanical name triacanthos, from
(three) akantha (thorn). There is a spineless

ij-6

variety of the honey-locust, known as var. inermis, and
the Park has one of this kind not far from the Six-
teenth Street entrance. Back of the honey-locust
there are some beautiful purple beeches. Note the
handsome silver-gray of their barks.

If we come back to the Walk again and continue
westwards, beyond the cranberry bush is huckleberry,
then Japan quince, then another copper beech stand-
ing close by the Walk, on your left. Back of this
tree are two common locusts standing close together
and, a little further on, two more, almost in a straight
line with each other. Passing an open stretch of
grassy hillside here, we come, near Terrace Bridge,
to fine clumps of arrowwood which you will know
at once by their regularly notched leaves. The stems
of the Viburnum dentatum, the Indians used for ar-
rows, hence its name. Up the hill a little, just be-
yond the arrowwood is a blue willow. It is really
a variety of the white willow with leaves of a very
bluish cast on their undersides. By the Walk, be-
yond the arrowwood, is bay or laurel-leaved willow,
which you can distinguish by its dark, glossy green
laurel-like leaves noticeably marked by a whitish or
yellowish midrib and veins.

Let us come back now to the locust near the spot
where we turned off to go up the hill a little. Oppo-
site to it, is a bush of ninebark Physocarpus (or Spi-
raea opulifolia}. It gets its common name from its
ragged, tattered stems and branches. To look at them
you might think that they could be peeled more than
nine times. The shreds of bark flutter all over them.

The leaves of this shrub are noticeably three-lobed
and generally heart-shaped. It bursts into profuse
bloom in June, with white flowers in umbel-like cor-
ymbs. These soon develop into fruit pods which are
quite as conspicuous as its flowers. The pods turn a
rusty red or crimson purple. Beyond the ninebark is a
Reeve's spiraea, beautiful also in June when it is laden
with close clustered heads of pure white flowers.
To the right of the Reeve's spiraea, close by the water,
rise a couple of splendid white or silver poplars.
They are beauties, with their conspicuous barks of
a pale greenish silvery gray on the upper branches
which in winter throws them out sharply to the eye
from the massed tones of adjacent trees. Every breeze
showers their leaves with silver or snow. Not many
feet further on you meet the European or tree alder
(Alnus glntinosa). If you can see the little black
"cones" on its branches, you will know it at once.
But its leaf is characteristic enough to distinguish it;
being roundish wedge-shaped, gently cut in at the
top and serrated beautifully in wavy cuttings.

Beyond the alder is Reeve's spiraea again and back
of this is black haw. Then comes another Reeve's
spiraea and back of it, a shadbush. The shadbush
you have learned to know by its bark, so beautifully
marked. Then we meet common locust again, by the
Walk, and beyond the locust, dogwood. An open
stretch of grass follows and we stop at a point not
far from the Terrace Bridge to look at two lovely
willows drooping over the stream close to the water's
edge. They are very beautiful and very different.

The one this side is the royal white willow, (Saliv
alba, var. regalis) and you can see in its leaves a
close relation to the vitellina. But its leaves are much
softer and of much finer finish than those of the vitel-
lina. Stand back a little and catch the effect of
the beautiful silvery-gray cast to the foliage of the
rcgalis. The willow beyond it, nearer the Bridge,
is purple willow, (SalLv purpured), and quite as lovely
in its way. How beautifully are the two contrasted
by their foliage. The leaves of the purple willow
are lanceolate and set on very noticeably olive, or
reddish and purplish stems. Its leaves are of a
peculiar soft gray-green, with quite a delicate
bluish cast. The effect of its foliage is grace and
fineness and certainly this sapling has here been well
set. A few steps further on we come to Terrace Bridge
which spans the stream. This we cross by a little
detour up the slope of the hill, and coming down the
opposite bank, start at the abutments of the bridge
and walk through Lullwater, keeping the stream on
our right.

Not far from the Bridge, standing by the water,
is yellow willow, and beyond it, a little back on the
grass, is an excellent specimen of red oak. It is
well up to the type and worth your careful study.
Look at its leaves and get them in your eye. Look
at its bark, note its greenish-gray tinge. See if you
can find acorns on it and, if you do, note their thin
saucers or cups. Further on two Camperdown elms
lean over the bank, close by the water's edge and
beyond them well up on the bank is a fine group

179

of lilacs. One of these bushes bears white flowers,
the others all have purple. Then we come to several
Osage oranges and hop-hornbeams. Lock out for the
fruit of the hop-hornbeams and see how different it
is from that of the hornbeam. Then comes a Viburnum
I'Ugosuin, with rough, wrinkled leaves, and broad heads
of white flowers in spring. Its leaves are almost round.
You can find it easily for it is not far from a goodly sil-
ver maple which stands up quite conspicuously near
here. An English hawthorn meets you beyond the
silver maple and then a Norway spruce. Quite a
little stretch further on you come to another Euro-
pean or tree alder and down by the waterside, fur-
ther along, a well grown bay or laurel-leaved willow.
How it flashes and plays with the sunshine. Near
the waterside a little beyond is a graceful striped
maple, grown to good size. Note the fine markings
of its bark and if you wish to see a graceful sight,
come to this tree in May, when its flowers hang in
delicate greenish racemes from under its tender and
beautifully wrought leaves. You cannot mistake the
tree. Its striped bark is distinctive as are also its
strongly three-lobed leaves, with the lobes ending in
long, fine points. Several beautiful hemlocks float
their fine sprays to the breezes here, playing with
the lights and shadows of the sunshine. By the stream-
side you will find a European hazel, very beautiful
when the alders are clouding the bare trees with soft
crimsons. The bloom of this hazel is worth seeing.
It hangs all over it a golden vail, made by the flower-

i8o

ing staminate catkins. Beside the hazel is yellow or
golden willow.

A good specimen of the English elm stands
near the Walk further on and near the center of the
bankshore of a cove, a red-mulberry rustles its odd-
shaped leaves.

Now we have come to a point where the Walk
splits into two forks, the left crossing Nethermead,
the right keeping on toward the Boat House. On
the Walk we have just been over, we passed, on
the left, coming from Terrace Bridge, purple willow,
Weir's cut-leaved silver maple (easily known by its
very finely cut-leaves), a clump of Austrian pines up
on the hillside near Nethermead Circuit Drive: then
a long sweep and a bush of common elder about op-
posite the tree alder; European hornbeam, opposite
laurel-leaved willow ; box ; hemlocks ; European horn-
beam again, just before you come to the English
elm. About opposite the little cove where the red
mulberry keeps guard, you find on the left of the
Walk, Mugho pine with its dwarf form clutching the
bank; Austrian pine again and then two more Mugho
pines. Just beyond the Mugho pines are two Ceph-
alonian silver firs which do not seem to be doing
nearly so well as their sturdy clansman back of the
Arbor and up the slope of Breeze Hill across the
stream. That Cephalonian silver fir is a beautiful
specimen and is one of the handsomest of its kind
in the Park. You can know the Cephalonian by
its stiff, sharp, pointed needles, which are dark-green
above, white beneath, and have their petioles dilated

lengthwise at the point where they join the branch.
The general form of the tree is broadly conical.

Let us leave the Walk here, and follow the edge
of the stream to Lullwood Bridge. On the little
peninsula about opposite the fork of the Walk, we
find two very handsome golden or yellow willows
(Saliv alba, var. vitellina) and about midway between
them, a graceful American elm. At the easterly bight
of the peninsula's neck, there are, hemlock, two Amer-
ican larches (distinguished from the European by
their smaller leaves and cones) and a noble old
weeping European silver linden that has kept close
friendship many a year with its bankside compan-
ion, a rugged old golden willow. These two trees
beautifully contrast each other. Back on the grassy
swells of the meadow a stately silver maple has set
foot and flings its boughs out in a most sheltering way,
making a lovely spot for idle moments and drifting
reveries. Sit beneath it, some golden spring morn-
ing and listen to the silken rustle of its leaves, while
the grass plays in silver all about you. Down be-
low it, overhanging the stream, an English maple
stands poised as if about to step into the water and
just beyond it three European larches whisper to-
gether as they softly sway their beautifully pendulous
branches, thickset with the jet of their large cones.
A little sweep around another gentle bay of the stream
brings us to a majestic red oak. It has a large girth
and lifts itself up on a stalwart, sweeping trunk that
is majesty itself. High up it holds its towering head
and in autumn it is a glory when the frost with the

182

magic of his breath changes its glossy green to bril-
liant crimson. Beyond the red oak clustered close
together by the waterside are a bunch of American
chestnuts.

Now we have come to Lullwood Bridge and cross-
ing it we find several things to look at on the penin-
sula beyond. Following this around, we find a clump
of the dwarf Japan catalpa, easily known by its
angular leaves. Beyond is another dwarf clump, but
of a very different kind. This is the dwarf horse-
chestnut, Pavia macrostachya, called so from its long,
upright racemes of white flowers, which are so con-
spicuous in early July. Note its beautiful, smooth,
palmate leaves. On the point, are fringe trees in a
cluster and European flowering ashes, and on the next
point of the peninsula, two golden or yellow willows
side by side and about opposite them, dropping the
beautiful green cascade of its leaves into the stream, a
graceful weeping willow. The shore makes a bay
in here and at its narrowest point with the Walk,
about midway between water and Walk, almost in
line with each other are ninebark, sweet pepper bush,
and European or tree alder. A fine, old silver maple
whispering to itself, stands sentinel at the end of the
inlet here, and another one, close by the Walk, over-
hangs the groups of syringa, which we met as we
started on this ramble.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. II

COMMON NAME

1. Black haw.

2. Norway spruce.

3. Panicled dogwood.

4. Common sweet pepper

bush.

5. Scarlet oak.

6. Mockernut hickory.

7. Ramanas rose.

8. Missouri currant.

9. White oak.

10. Black oak.

11. American chestnut.

12. Flowering dogwood.

13. Red maple.

14. Osage orange.

15. Fringe tree.

16. Carolina allspice, or

sweet scented straw-
berry shrub.

17. American strawberry

bush.

18. Californian privet.

19. American hornbeam.

20. Common privet.

21. Fragrant honeysuckle.

22. Carolina allspice. (Glau-

cous leaved.)

23. Himalayan spruce.

24. Hemlock.

25. Black oak.

26. American white or gray

birch.

BOTANICAL NAME

Viburnum prunifoliuwi.
Picea excelsa.
Cornus paniculata.
Clcthra alnifolia.

Qucrcus co ccinea.

Carya tomcntosa.

Rosa rugosa.

Ribcs aureum.

Qucrus alba.

Qucrcus coccinea, var. tinc-
toria.

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Cornus florida.

Acer rubrum.

Madura aurantiaca.

Chionanthus Virginica.

Calycanthus ftoridus.

Euonymus Amenicanus.

Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Ca rp inus Ca ro I in ia n a .
Ligustrum vulgarc.
Lonicera fragrantissima.
Calycanthus glaucus.

Picea Morinda.

Tsuga Canadensis.

Quer^cus coccinea, var. tinc-

toria.
Bctula populifolia.

i86

COMMON NAME

27. American or white elm.

28. American holly.

29. Lombardy poplar.

30. Weeping Japan pagoda

tree.

31. Althaea or Rose of Sha-

ron.

32. Scarlet fruited thorn.

33. Black alder or common

winterberry.

34. Silver bell or snowdrop

tree.

35. Yellow-wood.

36. Variety Neapolitana of

the cockspur thorn.

37. Purple magnolia.

38. Soulanges magnolia.

39. Cucumber tree.

40. Slender Deutzia.

41. Hall's Japan honey-

suckle.

42. Ash-leaved maple or box

elder.

43. European hazel.

44. Sycamore maple.

45. Sweet gum or bilsted.

46. White pine.

47. Silver maple.

48. European linden.

49. European silver linden.

50. Colchicum-leaved maple.

51. Tulip, tree.

52. Nordmann's silver fir.

53. Mt. Atlas or African ce-

dar.

54. American beech.

55. Sour gum, tupelo or pep-

peridge.

56. Blunt-leaved Japan ar-

bor vitae.

57. Red-flowering horse-

chestnut.

BOTANICAL NAME

Ulmus Americana.

Ilex opaca.

Populus dilatata.

Sophora Japonica, var. pend-

ula.
Hibiscus Syriacus.

Cratccgus coccinea.
Ilex verticillata.

Halcsia tetraptera.

Cladrastis tinctoria.

Cratcegus cms -galli, var. Nea-
politana.

Magnolia pur pur ea.

Magnolia Soulangeana.

Magnolia acuminata.

Dcutzia gracilis.

Lonicera Japonica (or Hal-
liana).

Negundo ac oroides.

Corylus avellana.

Acer pseudoplatanus.

Liquidambar styracinua.

Pinus strobus.

Acer dasycarpum.

Tilia Europ&a.

Tilia Europcea, var. argentea

(or alba).
Acer Lcctum.
Liriodendron tulipifera.
Abies Nordmanniana.
Cedrus Atlantica.

Fagus fcrruginea.
Nyssa sylvatica.

Chamacyparis (or Rctinos-

pora) obtusa.
JEsculus hippocastanum, var.

rubicunda.

i87

COMMON NAME

58. Red osier.

59. Bush cranberry.

60. Scotch elm.

61. Caucasian walnut.

62. European or English

yew.

63. Polish Juniper.

64. Bush Deutzia. (Variety

Pride of Rochester.)

65. Ginseng.

66. Japan lemon.

67. Variegated English yew.

68. Rhododendron. (Rosy

lilac colored flowers.

69. Thread-like Oriental ar-

bor vitse.

70. Golden English yew.

71. Camperdown elm.

72. Pipe vine or Dutchman's

pipe.

73. Kcelreuteria.

74. Red oak.

75. White beam tree.

76. Sassafras.

77. European hornbeam.

78. Pin oak.

79. Oriental plane tree.

80. Black cherry.

81. Oleaster.

82. Van Houtte's spiraea.

83. Weeping golden bell or

Forsythia.

84. Japan quince.

85. Honey locust.

86. Hop hornbeam.

87. Cherry birch.

BOTANICAL NAME

Cor mis stolonifera.
Viburnum opulis.
Ulmus montana.
Pterocarya fraxinifolia.
Taxus baccata.

Juniperus communis, var.

Cracovia.
Deutsia crenata, var. Pride

of Rochester.
Aralia quinque folia.
Citrus trifoliata.
Taxus baccata, var. elegan-

tissima.
Rhododendron, var. everes-

tianum.
Thuya Oricntalis, var. fili-

formis.

Taxus baccata, var. aurca.
Ulmus montana, var. Cam-

pcrdownii pcndula.
Aristolochia sipho.

Kcelreuteria paniculata.
Quercus rubrcu
S orbits (or Pyrus) aria.
Sassafras officinalc.
Carpinus bctulus.
Quercus palustris.
Platanus Oricntalis.
Prunus serotina.
Elceagnus angustifolia.
Spiraa Van Houttei.
Forsythia suspensa.

Cydonia Japonica.
Glcditschia triacanthos.
Ostrya Virginica.
Betula lenta.

i88

XL
MUSIC STAND TO LONG MEADOW.

When you take this ramble, may you have such a
day as I had, when I started to go over its ground
one Saturday, in early summer.

The golden sunshine of the afternoon came slant-
ing through the trees and the music from the Stand
swelled and lulled and swelled until it seemed to
move with the play of the breeze, harmony for har-
mony, melody for melody, in a sympathy of rhythm.
When the music rushed and thrilled with some ex-
alted ecstacy of harmony, the breeze seemed to rush
with it. Rising and swelling in sudden gusts, it
came sweeping through the green leaved canopies,
shaking them into flying silver, sending through their
masses, quick, quivering radiances of light which
twinkled like falling rain. At every gust, wave after
wave of dancing light played througn the illumined
green. When these gusts came the shimmering
beat of light over the glorified leaves, was music to
the eye as much as the sonorous and swelling ca-
dences of the orchestra thrilled music to the ear.
Through the pauses of the music, sounded ever, like
an echo of waters falling in the heart of the woods,
the rustling of the leaves overhead, sounds full of
cool suggestions, contentment and refreshment of the
soul.

1 89

As I stood and watched the beat of light, playing
in sweeps of soundless harmonies through the wind-
stirred leaves, the fountain blew aloft to the trem-
ble of the music, its upward smoke. The breeze
caught it and drifted it gently over the pool, in slowly
falling folds of fleecy mists, which seemed to cling
lingeringly in the air. As they drifted, they drew
the imagination with them and spirits of the air seemed
ever draping this fair fountain with a flowing vail;
seemed ever changing the fleecy folds, drawing and
drawing in endless garniture.

As the slowly drifting, fleecy mists wafted with
the breeze, the sunlight struck through their lace, and
in the twinkling of an eye, changed them to falling
showers of gold ; glorified beyond words. Hallowed
as by a silent benediction, they sifted slowly away,
melting through the trees and fading from sight in
wisps and wreaths of drifting gold.

But let us see what we have about us here. Be-
ginning on the northerly side of the Music Stand,
all along the waterside, you will find good sized bushes
of the panicled dogwood. You will have no diffi-
culty in finding it, if you look for a bush about five
feet high, considerably branched and with a smooth
ash colored bark. Its dogwood leaves are long oval
and taper-pointed, whitish on the undersides and acute
or rounded at the bases. But try to see one of these
shrubs in the early days of June, when it is putting
forth the flower heads which have given it its name
paniculata. These are white, in distinct, upright
panicles. The panicles have a high convex curve of

190

outline, quite different from the flat top of the alter-
nate leaved dogwood. Indeed, the flower clusters
of the paniculata are quite cone-shaped. You will know
them at once by this mark, when you see them in
flower. The flowers develop into white rounded ber-
ries about the size of peas on stalks of pale scarlet.
These are ripe in late August or early September.

About opposite the north-easterly corner of the Mu-
sic Stand is a scarlet oak and beside it, sweet pepper
bush. Tall and fair and straight, a mockernut hickory
stretches up its lofty head nearby and Ramanas rose
and Missouri currant flourish in cozy nooks close
down by the corner of the low iron ornamental fence
which guards the bankside here.

A rustic bridge spans the darkly shadowed water
not many feet away, and we will follow the path that
leads over it up to the Farm House on the hill and
then through the lovely shades of Ambergill out to
Long Meadow. Then we will come back to this rustic
bridge again and follow the other forking of the
Walk in this beautiful section of the Park.

Tall, stately, majestic, with a silent dignity all their
own like two Horatii guarding, the little bridge, stand
two oak trees, both on the right, one at the south end,
the other at the north. How like, yet how unlike. The
southern is a white oak. Notice its light gray bark.
The northern is a black oak. Notice its dark black-
ish bark whdse thick heavy plates are quite different
from the thin granite gray scales of the white's.

Just as the Walk crosses the Bridle Path, in the
corner at the left, is red maple, and crossing the Bridle

191

Path, in the corner at the right, is another white oak.
Opposite this white oak, on the left of the Walk, is
Osage orange with reddish brown bark and spines in
its leaf axils. Beside it is another panicled dogwood,
and as the path meets the Drive, at the left hand corner
is fringe tree and at the right hand, panicled dogwood
again.

Before you cross the Drive here, turn to your left
and look at some of the things along the side of the
Drive as you go west to Nethermead Arches. In that
little stretch of things green and lovely, you will find
Carolina allspice or sweet scented strawberry with
long oval or oblong leaves which are soft and downy
on the undersides. Almost beside it stands American
strawberry bush, and close by Nethermead Arches,
variegated English yew, with dark green leaves in
rows along its stems and leaves sharp-pointed.

Let us go back now to the drive crossing by the
fringe tree and the panicled dogwood, and cross the
Drive. As we take up the thread of the path on the
other side, at our right are Carolina allspice and Cali-
fornian privet and, on our left, American hornbeam,
common privet, and fragrant honeysuckle.

The path winds on up the hill, and if you strike
off from it for a moment and walk out to the edge of
the ridge you will find some extremely interesting
evergreens. They are well worth seeing. You will
get a near view of them here, but their best showing
is seen from the path across the little trickling brook
that sings down this pretty ravine. The evergreens
of which I speak are specimens of the Himalayan

I (J2

spruce (Picea morinda). They are beautiful trees
with long sweeping pendulous branches, giving a cas-
cade effect to their soft light green foliage. If you
see the trees from across the brook, they show a
noticeably dusty gray tint through their green. This
tint is given by the slightly glaucous touching on the
undersides of their needles. You will know the trees
almost on sight by their long needles, from one to
two inches in length. These needles are four sided,
of pale green color, strong, stiffish, curving gently
round in a fine arc to the top, which is sharply acute.
The path .passes some well grown black oaks by the
Farm House and, if you take the left fork, turning by
the little shelter, it leads you down through the whis-
pering shades of Amergill, beside tinkling waters
that have a music all their own. Amergill is a beauti-
ful work of landscape architecture, and as you walk
through it, you can easily fancy that you are "way out
in the country somewhere." But if you wish to catch
something of the enchantment of the place come here
some soft moonlight night in summer. The foliage is
so dense that the moonbeams only break through here
and there in patches of silver. All else is darkness.
The song of insects make the air vibrant; the breeze
comes and goes through the trees with cool rustlings
that are refreshment enough ; but over all and through
all comes a still small voice, tinkling, tinkling, tinkling
time away in drops of silver water. It is the stream
stretching its strings like a harp across the face of the
rocky glen here, and singing softly to the moonbeams

193

playing so gently over it. It is the spirit of the place
and its serene beauty will haunt you many a day.

As we thread its leaf hung ways, puffs of cool air
come up to us from its glens, and if you have come
here after a rain, spicy whiffs of things evergreen and
of the woods. When you have come about opposite
the easterly corner of the shelter that overhangs the
path here from a Walk above, look on your left hand
for a tree with large dark green leaves of roundish
obovate or oblong oval shapes, generally wedge-shaped
at the base, either acute or obtuse at the point, and
with margins sharply and doubly serrate. The leaves
are smooth on the uppersides and very white on the
undersides. At a distance you might mistake this
tree for a scarlet fruited hawthorn. ' It is not of that
family at all, however, but belongs to the same clan
as the mountain ash. It is the white beam tree (Sorbus
or Pyrus Aria}. Its flowers are in broad corymbs and
these change into globose orange-red berries in close
clusters.

If you follow the Walk on until it comes out at Long
Meadow, it will show you some noble sweet gums, red
oaks, white oaks, black oaks and hornbeams which
you have probably learned to pick out at sight now,
so we will come back to the rustic bridge by the Music
Stand and take up the Walk that runs by Binnen
\Vater, under Nethermead Arches or Three-Arch-
Bridge, as it is often called, up the ravine and thence
to and around the Swan Boat Lake to Long Meadow
again.

Starting then from the rustic bridge, once more,

194

we pass on the right American gray birch, close by
the bridge ; red maple, hemlock, American holly, Lom-
bardy poplar with its branches gathered close in to its
trunk; weeping Japan pagoda tree just beyond the
Lombardy poplar by the pool ; then two Rose of
Sharon trees, side by side. Of these, the one near the
Japan pagoda tree bears white flowers, and the one
near the Walk, magenta flowers, usually in July. By
the Walk, beyond the Rose of Sharon, stands a scar-
let fruited hawthorn. Beyond the hawthorn, a little
stretch, you come to a point where the Walk throws
off an arm to the left, sweeping the Nethermead.
About opposite 'its point of branching, on the right of
the Walk which you have been traversing, nestled in
with the shrubbery, you will find black alder or com-
mon winterberry (Ilex verticillata) . As its name im-
plies, it is of the holly family, but its leaves are any-
thing but holly-like of aspect. They are long egg-
shaped or wedge-lanceolate and pointed at both ends.
On the undersides their veins are downy. Should you
pass this shrub in late June you may see its pretty
small white flowers of six petals clustered in the axils
of the leaves, on short peduncles or stems. These
flowers change into bright scarlet berries which ripen
late in autumn.

If you should take the arm of the path just spoken
of above, sweeping around the Nethermead, it will
lead you past many beautiful things. On its right you
pass several handsome magnolias. These are Mag-
nolia purpurea and bear deep purple flowers early in
spring. On the left, opposite them, are silver bell,

195

Osage orange, and back of the Osage orange a very
handsome and rare variety of the cockspur thorn.
This variety, which is Nea.politana, has two different
kinds of leaves, one kind thin and of a rather triangular
form, the other of a thick, roundish character, with a
very shining coriaceous upper surface. Some botanical
authorities speak of it as Cratcegus crus-galli, var. het-
crophylla, referring to its characteristic of growing
different leaves. Beyond this variety of the cockspur,
still on your left, are scarlet fruited thorn and yellow-
wood.

At the point where this side arm from the larger
path meets the Nethermead Circuit Drive by a little
offshoot of Walk, you will find at easy points of identi-
fication, by the sectional diagram, European hazel,
sycamore maple, sweet gum easily known by its star-
shaped leaves and fringe tree. Step out on the Drive
now and follow it for a little space toward Lookout
Hill. Along its left hand border are very hand-
some lindens and some of the best grown Col-
chicum maples in the Park. These last you can
pick out by the peculiarly marked bark of their trunks
and by their five to seven lobed leaves. These maples
bear their blossoms in erect corymbs. To make their
identification sure, the tree next to the west of the
lamp-post here is Colchicum maple, then comes syca-
more maple (with another just south of it), then an-
other Colchicum maple, then a fine tulip tree a little
to the south-west of the Colchicum maple. Near the
next lamp-post which you pass on your left going
west toward Lookout Hill, are several things of in-

J96

terest. Just before you come to it, off to your left,
stands another sycamore maple. See how well it
merits its name pseudo-platanus. Near it, closer to
the Drive and nearer the lamp-post is a Nordmann's
silver fir. A little south-west of the lamp-post is a
red maple, with another of its kind just beyond it.
The next tree west of the lamp-post, and close by the
Drive, is Nordmann's silver fir again. What a rich
dark green have its leaves. Notice the silver white
on their undersides. Directly opposite the lamp-post,
on the other side of the Drive and leaning out over
the Bridle Path are two fine specimens of the Amer-
ican beech, with smooth light gray bark and chestnut-
like leaves. Going still westward on the Drive, just
back to the south-west of the last Nordmann, you
come to a red maple and further over to a noble ever-
green, of light feathery aspect, and graceful fountain-
spray form of branching. It was perfect before it lost
its top branches, but it is beautiful still. It is the
Mount Atlas variety of the Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus
Atlantica). You probably have noticed this tree often
in your rambles and perhaps have been told that it is
Cedar of Lebanon. It is in a way, Cedar of Lebanon.
That is it is a variety of it, known botanically as the
Mount Atlas Cedar (Cedrus Atlantica). If you com-
pare its leaves with those of the Cedrus Libani on the
southern slope of Breeze Hill you will see that these
have a glaucous tinge over them. In addition they
are mostly cylindric, stiff, mucronate or sharp pointed
and closely clustered. Those of the Libani are long
needle form, taper pointed, few in fascicle and are of

a deep green color. Notice too that this Mount Atlas
Cedar throws up its branches in perfect vase form
which is characteristic of the Atlantica, whereas the
Libani has a distinct horizontal swing to its branches.

Let us now come back to the junction of the Walk
by the black alder and continue along its course
toward Swan Boat Lake. On the right, about oppo-
site a second offshoot of the Walk to the left, you
will find thick clumps of ginseng or Aralia quinque-
folia, which you recognize at once by its five leaves.
Great masses of Deutzia gracilis bank both sides of
this second offshoot of path which climbs a few steps
and runs around in a short arc to meet the Drive. We
will not follow it now, but will keep on with the path
which runs under the Three-Arched-Bridge.

On your left, about midway between the offshoot
of the path and the Bridge, close by the Walk and
leaning over it are some trees which you will do well
to look at closely. They are Caucasian walnuts and
you can know them easily by their long compound
leaves made up of from eleven to twenty-odd smooth
glossy leaflets. The leaflets have crisped margins.
The bark of these trees is curiously streaked or marked
with reddish brown lines which make you think of the
Halesia or silver bell. Don't miss them, and if possible
don't fail to look for their strings of fruits which
develop from long, drooping racemes of flowers. It
is the wing on the fruit which has given the tree its
botanical name Pterocarya. Close by the Bridge, on
your left, is English yew. As you come out from
under the Bridge and pass the next offshoot of path"

I98

which springs away to the left, you pass variegated
English yew, English yew, rhododendron, thread-like
Oriental arbor vitse and golden English yew.

After a delightful sauntering under darksome
shades of hornbeam and hemlock and many other
things green and woodsy you are led through a rock
bordered glen out upon an edge of Long Meadow. The
path branches here and we take the left which leads
around the Swan Boat Lake.

A pretty little black haw stands close by the Walk
arid the water, on the right as you go westward. On
the left, gathered in a close group about the junction
of the Walk are red maple, sweet gum, with Ameri-
can chestnut behind it, and then scarlet oak. Further
on a little, tall red oaks rear up their strength and
beauty, and as the path comes close again to the
water, white oak, black haw, chestnut, and two very
fine sweet gums quite close to each other overshadow
you. As the path joins another which has climbed
up from the Drive, it turns north-westward and bends
around Swan Boat Lake, over a beautifully set rustic
bridge. On the way around this little sheet of water
you pass on the right, or water side, Californian privet,
black cherry, oleaster, Van Houtte's spiraea, honey
locust, with a fine scarlet oak beside it, and all along
the north-western border of the lake, handsome sweet
gums, chestnuts, pin oak and the finest groups of
pepperidge trees in the Park. These last should be
seen, by special appointment, in the days of early
autumn. Their glossy leaves take the most beautiful
shades of rich maroon or brilliant, cool crimson.

199

If you follow the water course here it will lead you
on to a junction of paths near the spot where we
came out from Ambergill and at this junction on the
Long Meadow we start on our next ramble.

SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 12

COMMON NAME

1. European hornbeam.

2. Californian privet.

3. English elm.

4. American hornbeam.

5. American chestnut.

6. White oak.

7. Sassafras.

8. Sweet gum or bilsted.

9. Smooth branched Eng-

lish elm.

10. Scotch elm.

11. American or white elm.

12. Red maple.

13. Indian currant or coral

berry.

14. Mountain-ash-leaved

spiraea.

15. Tree of Heaven or

ailanthus.

16. Ninebark.

17. Smooth sumac.

1 8. Common privet.

19. Spanish chestnut.

20. Yellow birch.

21. English oak.

22. White pine.

23. Dwarf mountain sumac.
2/4. Californian privet.

25. Austrian pine.

26. Paper or canoe birch.

27. Cherry birch.

28. Black haw.

29. European or tree alder.

BOTANICAL NAME

Carpinus betulus.
Ligustrum ovalifoliutn.
Ulmus campestris.
Carpinus Caroiiniana.
Castanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Quercus alba.
Sassafras officinale.
Liquidambar styraciHua.
Ulmus campestris, var.

Ulmus montana.
Ulmus Americana.
Acer rubrum.
Symphoricarfos vulgaris.

Spir&a s or bi folia.
Ailanthus glandulosus.

Physocarpus (or Spiraea) op

ulifolia.
RJins glabra.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Castanea satira.
Be tula lutea.
Quercus robur.
Pinus strobus.
Rlius copallina.
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Pinus Austriaca.
Betula papyrifera.
Betula lenta.
J7iburnum prunifolium.
Alnus gluiinosa.

204

COMMON NAME

30. Choke cherry.

31. English hawthorn.

32. English elm.

33. Golden bell or Forsy-

thia.

34. Japan quince.

35. Hackberry or sugarberry.

36. Weeping European silver

linden.

37. Cut-leaved European

elder.

38. European linden.

39. European silver linden.

40. Silver maple.

41. Sycamore maple.

42. Judas tree or redbud.

43. Variety pyracanthafolia

of the cockspur thorn.

44. Ginkgo tree.

45. Sour gum, tupelo, or

pepperidge.

46. Sugar maple.

47. American basswood.

48. Small-leaved European

linden.

49. Imperial Paulownia.

50. Indian bean or southern

catalpa.

51. Indian bean or southern

catalpa.

52. Cucumber tree.

53. Soulange's magnolia.

54. Sweet viburnum or

sheep berry.

55. Pin oak.

56. Chestnut oak.

57. Heart-leaved alder.

58. Large-racemed dwarf

horse-chestnut.

59. Sessile-leaved Weigela.

60. Swiss stone pine.

61. Five leaved akebia.

BOTANICAL NAME

P I'LL n us Virg in ia na.
Cratcegus oxyacantha.
Ulmus campestris.
Forsythia viridissima.

Cydonia Japonica.
Celt is occidental^ .
Tilia Europcea, var. argentca

(or alba) pcndula.
Sambucus nigra, var. la tin -

iata.

Tilia Europaa.
Tilia Europaa, var. argentca

(or alba).
Acer dasycarpum.
Acer pscudoplatanus.
Ccrcis Canadensis.
Cratcegus crus-galli, var.

pyracanthafolia.
Salisburia adian ti folia.
Nyssa syhatica.

Acer saccharinum.

Tilia Americana.

Tilia Europcca, var. parvi-

folia.

Paulownia impcrialis.
Catalpa bignoniodes.

Catalpa bignoniodes.

Magnolia acuminata.
Magnolia Soulangcana.
Viburnum lentago.

Quercus palustris.
Quercus prinus.
Alnus c or di folia.
Pavia macrostachyia.

Dicrvilla sessilifolia.
Finns Ccmbra.
Akebia quinata.

20 q

COMMON NAME

62. Evergreen hawthorn.

63. European or English

yew.

64. Hop hornbeam.

65. Weigela.

66. English or field maple.

67. Kcelreuteria.

68. Yellow-wood.

69. Fern-leaved beech.

70. Flowering dogwood.

71. Norway maple.

72. Lawson's erect cypress.

73. Obtuse-leaved Japan ar-

bor vitse.

74. Turkey oak.

75. Purple-leaved English

elm.

76. Curled-leaved English

elm.

77. Japan Judas tree.

78. Pin oak.

79. Flowering dogwood.

80. Common sweet pepper

bush.

Si. Red oak.
82. Bur or mossy-cup oak.

BOTANICAL NAME

Cratagus pyracanthafolia.
Ta.vus baccata.

Ostrya Virginica.
Diervilla amabilis.
Acer campesire.
Kcelreuteria paniculata.
Cladrastis tinctoria.
Fagus sylvatica, var. hetero-

phylla.

Cornus florida.
Acer platanoides.
Cham&cyparis Lawsoniana,

var. erecta.
Cham&cy paris (or Rctinos-

pora) obtusa var. nana.
Quercus cerris.
Ulmus campestris, var.

stricta purpurea.
Ulmus campestris, var. ciicu-

lata.

Ccrcis Japonica.
Quercus palustris.
Cornus florida.
C let lira aim folia.

Quercus rubra.
Quercus macrocarpa.

XII.

LONG MEADOW TO PLAZA ENTRANCE.

In this ramble we start at the fork of the Walk
as you come out from Ambergill, and follow the
branch that runs along the easterly side of Long
Meadow. The trees you pass are well known to you
now, if they have not been before, for you have met
their kinsmen many times on these rambles. On
the right, American hornbeam, American chestnut, and
English elm; on the left, European hornbeam, Cali-
fornian privet, English elm, American chestnut, white
oak, with another chestnut quite near it and you have
come to another forking of the Walk. For the present
we take the right and follow the easterly side of Long
Meadow to Meadow Port Arch. We will then come
back and follow the left branch from this fork of
the Walk along the westerly side of Long Meadow
out to Plaza Entrance.

As you go north-easterly, you pass three red maples
on the left, and about opposite to them, over on the
right, well across the green, you find many things of in-
terest, in the vicinity of the large clumps of shrubbery
there. These masses make a fine display just on the bor-
der of the Bridle Path between it and the Walk you are
following, and when autumn sends over them the sting-
ing breath of her flame, they burst into sudden scarlet
and crimson.

20?

As you pass along the Walk, you notice on the right
that the shrubberies form themselves here into some
four or five distinct groups, and if you study each group
by itself you will have little difficulty in identifying
the things indicated on the diagram for this section.

Beginning with the first group you meet, you will
find flanking its southerly border brave little bushes,
which you must not fail to see in autumn. These are
Indian currant bushes and in the frosty days hang all
through them their bright red berries. The berries
have given the bush the name of coral berry. Back
of the Indian currant border are several young ailan-
thus trees, whose leaves you can compare with those
of the sumac bushes all about here. About the feet
of the ailanthus trees and back of the Indian currant,
another clan of soldiery fills up this phalanx of shrub-
bery. This you will see, by examining its leaves, is
the mountain-ash-leaved spiraea, and if you chance to
pass near it in midsummer you will see it all puffed
over with the white fluff of its bloom. Around on
the south-eastern side of this clump of shrubbery, near
the Bridle Path, and about opposite a lamp-post, there
is a fine gathering of ninebark, which you know at
once by its bark-tattered stems and by its roundish,
heart-shaped three lobed leaves. If you go up the
Bridle Path a little, you pass at your right some
excellent specimens of the common privet, and you can
see how different is its leaf from that of the Californian
privet. Note the bluish-green tinge of the common
privet. About opposite the two clumps of common
privet you have at the left, banked in the clump of

208

shrubbery, .excellent specimens of the smooth sumac.
This sumac has leaves quite similar to those of the
staghorn sumac, but if you look at its branches you
will see that they are very smooth and have none of
that woolly, fuzzy pubescence which is the character-
istic mark of the staghorn. Indeed, it is this similarity
of aspect of its branches (when stripped of leaves)
to the young horns of a stag that has given it its
name.

Follow this frst clump right around its margin,
and you pass, beyond the smooth sumac, smooth
sumac again, then ninebark again, then common privet
then back to Indian currant.

Now let us continue along the path by Long
Meadow. We pass another circular clump of shrub-
bery on our right. This is smooth sumac and so is
the next clump. Then we come to two clumps, mostly
ninebark, and another cluster of bushes in the neck
of the bank where the Walk and Bridle Path come
close together. This is the beautiful Rhus copallina
or dwarf mountain sumac, which is so handsome in
early autumn. You can tell it at once by the wings
on its leaf steam, between each pair of leaflets.

If when you were on the Bridle Path a moment
ago you had not turned in by the smooth sumac but
had kept on, you would have passed, on the right,
Californian privet, Austrian pine, two handsome white
pines side by side, then common privet, and Austrian
pine right back of the lamp-post, where the Bridle
Path comes into East Drive. Over to the right of

209

this Austrian pine are two paper birches standing
close together.

Continuing now along the meadow walk, beyond
the copallina you meet red maple, cherry, birch, black
haw, American hornbeam, California!! privet, black
haw again, then a little open stretch, and then choke
cherry, with English hawthorn a little back and
beyond, and Forsythia very near a spur of the Walk,
which bends to the right to climb a few steps to the
Drive crossing. Close to the Drive, back of the last
mentioned trees and shrubs are several English elms
all doing well and all easily recognized by their stal-
wart trunks and oak-like thrust of branches. Follow-
ing the spur of path here, not across the Drive, but
in its semi-circular wandering down a series of steps
back to the Walk again, we pass a hackberry right in
the fork of its left hand junction and opposite the
hackberry, on the right hand bank, Japan quince and
European silver linden.

Now we continue along the meadow path again
and the right hand bank has some beautiful lindens
both European and American, over which you can
well spend many hours of botanizing. As you come
near Endale Arch (the Arch beneath which one
branch of this Walk passes the Drive and leads
out to the right hand exit of the Park at the
Plaza) look for the pretty hawthorn with leaves which
resemble so much those of the evergreen hawthorn
(pyracantha) that they have won for it the name
pyracanthafolia. It stands up the bank a little beyond
the Judas trees and between a European alder and

2IO

Endale Arch. You will know it by its small narrow
oblanceolate, dark, leathery, shining leaves. It is
a variety of the cockspur thorn, and has a kinsman
down in the Pool of Vale Cashmere.

At Endale Arch we turn sharply to our left to take
the crosswalk over to the Arch opposite, named long
ago by the Park authorities, Meadow Port Arch.
It is often familiarly called F Arch, because of its
resemblance to that letter. As we turn westward
then and follow this arm of the path, you will find an
extremely interesting ginkgo tree near Endale Arch on
the right of the Walk. It is an especially interesting
gingko because it usually fruits abundantly. This is
the tree of which we spoke in Chapter IX., and if you
wish to see the fruit of the ginkgo come to it early
in the fall. If you have a sensitive nose you had
better look at the fruit from the Walk.

Follow the path until you come about opposite
the lamp-post up on the Drive at your right. Not
quite in line with it, but near enough for you to locate
it stands a handsome sugar maple a little to the right
of the Walk. It is an excellent type of its variety,
and its low hung branches make it a good tree on
which to see its flowers at close range. This tree
flowers very abundantly and in April or May you
may find them hanging in long umbel-like clusters,
just about the time the tree is 'clothing itself with
leaves. The wings of its fruit do not quite form a
right angle. This, by the way, is one of the best
means of identifying a maple, by noting the angle of

211

the wings of its keys. In botanical terms, a key is a
winged fruit.

Just before you came to this sugar maple you
passed on your left, about midway between the
ginkgo tree and the sugar maple, a good specimen
of the sour gum or pepperidge or tupelo, as it is often
called. I never get tired of singing the praises of
these sour gum trees. They are like crusts of bread
to the lenses of the eye, when winter has whipped off
their leaves and shows them forth in all their gnarled
and twisted beauty. What a fire slumbers in their
glossy leaves ! The sour gum flowers in April or
May, in dense clusters, and its fruit, eggshaped, is
bluish black, clustered two or three together on long
stems from the axils of the leaves. This tree's leaf
has its margin entire, but often beyond the middle
strongly angulated. The leaf is thick and shining
on the upper side, with a rich gloss. You can pick
the tree out at once by its trick of growing its leaves
in crowded clusters near the ends of the branches.
In autumn no tree in the Park puts on such rich,
lustrous, brilliant tones of crimson, maroon, and sub-
dued mahogany.

Beyond the sugar maple, as you go westward along
this Walk, you pass on the right, about opposite the
Thatched Shelter, an American basswood. Have you
noticed the distinct yellowish cast in the green of the
American basswood? It is especially distinct in late
July or August, and is a sure mark of the tree.

Further along on your left, you pass a clump of
many interesting things, gathered close together in

212

this comer of Long Meadow. By the way, what a
lovely meadow this is ! Either in summer sunshine,
when it rolls away in velvet swells, or on gray days
when wreathing wraiths of mist half enfold it with
slow dragging vails of cloud, or in winter when it
lies hushed in driven snow on which the shadows of
elms and lindens draw silhouettes of delicate violet.

But to come back again. On the left, we have here
some fine specimens of the catalpa, magnolia and a
tree which I do not think you have met before if you
have followed these rambles. There are kinsmen of
ir in the Park, but they are in parts away from
the walks. The tree is quite common on the streets
of the city, and I suppose has been often mistaken
for a catalpa. But, though indeed it looks much like
one, it is quite different. The catalpa belongs to the
Bignoniaceae or Bignonia family, and this tree, the
Paulownia imperialis belongs to the Scrophulariaceae
or figwort family. They resemble each other in form
(slightly) and leaf (quite closely), but in fruit they
are extremely different. The Paulowma is a very
interesting tree in winter because of its conspicuous
fruit and bud clusters of next spring's flowers. These
stand up very noticeably on the upper branches of
the tree, clear and distinct against the sky, a sure
sign of the tree's identity. Take a bunch of grapes,
pluck off the grapes, turn what you have left point
up and you will have, if you hold it off from you a
little, a very fair imitation of what these bud clusters
look like. On these the tree's flowers bloom in early
spring, before the leaves come out, if the winter has

213

not been severe. A hard winter kills the buds and
then they fail to bloom. The flowers are of a beau-
tiful violet color, heavily fragrant and resemble the
flowers of the catalpa, long, funnel form, with flaring
flanges of lobes. This tree gets its name from Paul-
ownia, daughter of the Czar, Paul I., and it was
brought into Russia from Japan. It has been widely
introduced in this country and having escaped from
cultivation has become really native. The tree, as
has been said above, is very catalpa-like, both in its
habit of sending out rambling, sprawling branches
and in its foliage. Its leaves are, however, more
pointed and angular than those of the catalpa. Its
bark is also very different, darker and more like that
of the ailanthus. It is a tree which is often, in winter,
mistaken for both the ailanthus and the catalpa, but
its flower-bud sign will set you straight. Often in
winter you will see clinging to this flower stalk the
fruit husks of the tree, ovate, pointed capsules, about
one and a half inches long, densely packed with many
flat-winged seeds, and if you find one of the fallen
pods on the ground break it open and see the delicate
little brown seeds winged with white fluff. Botani-
cally the tree is Paulo wnia imperialis and, as has been
said, belongs to the figwort family. You will find a
fine Paulownia in the center of the group of catalpas
here.

A few steps further on brings us to Meadow Port
Arch. We will not pass through it now, but will
go back to the fork of the Walk down on Long
Meadow, where we branched off to the rieht to follow

214

the easterly path along the Meadow. Now we will
follow the path skirting the westerly side of the
Meadow and to do it, we take at the fork here the
left hand branch.

You no doubt are already familiar with many of
the trees we pass and we will hurry on a little, beneath
the overhanging branches of chestnut, hickory, sweet
gum and soft maples, to the next fork of the Walk.
A very handsome young pin oak stands in the very
point of the south-eastern angle made by the junction
of the paths. Hunt for its beautiful, small acorn, the
tiniest, daintiest nut. It is scarcely half an inch long
and its cup is extremely shallow saucer-shaped and
is almost sessile.

Continue along the cross-walk here to the Drive,
and follow the Drive southward until you come to
an arm of it leading off at your right. This arm has
its point of junction about opposite a lamp-post, on
the left. In the clump of things clustered in the
south-west angle of this fork of the Drive, you will
find one very peculiar and very interesting tree. It
is the heart-leaved alder and has grown to the dignity
of a good sized tree. You will have no trouble in
finding it, for the telltale alder "cones" hang thickly all
through it, black, and very easily seen. But look
at its leaves. See how heart-shaped they are. Note
their dark shining green. This tree comes from
Southern Europe and after it gets a hold on
the soil, grows well. It bears its flowers, greenish-
brown in March or April before the leaves come out.
It stands here in a triangle made up of itself, a chest-

215

nut, and a silver maple, and of this triangle it fills
the western corner.

Let us now come back to the pin oak at the fork
of the Walk, where we broke off to cross the Drive.
We will now follow its north-westerly branch, which
skirts the westerly side of Long Meadow.

Between the fork by the pin oak and the next
branching of the path there is a good bush of the
sweet viburnum not very far along on your left. You
will know it by its very finely serrated leaves. It is also
quite close to a chestnut which will serve you as an
index to its position.

As you follow the Walk along, beyond the Shelter
it bends in toward West Drive. Just as it begins to
turn away from West Drive, if you leave the path
and step across the grass to the Drive, you will find
close by it, a tree that will interest you. It is the
Turkey oak, and it is a good one. Have you ever
seen the acorns of the Turkey oak? If not you have
something to see. For ragged ends of fringe the
bur oak acorn does pretty well, but it is not a circum-
stance to what the acorn of the Turkey oak can do.
Hunt around for one. They are worth seeing. They
are ovate and have a very bristly fringed hemispherical
cup. The leaves of this tree are rich, glossy green,
oblong, very deeply and unequally notched into
pinnate sinuses, and are on very short stalks. Their
lobes are rather angularly cut. To find this tree more
readily it is not far from a chestnut which also stands
close by the Drive. Almost directly across the Drive
from these two trees stands a lamp-post, and to its

2l6

right, if you get your back to it and face west, down
on the slope, is a bur oak. North-west of the bur oak
stands English oak, very close to the Walk. Still
keeping your stand by the lamp-post, to your left,
up the rise a little is white oak, and west of it, red
oak. Lamp-posts are not to be despised. They can
be used to light the steps in more ways than one
and I hope you have found them sprinkled very
generously over the diagrams of this book. Their
presence, I thought, would serve to correct judg-
ments of distance or to reassure judgments of correct
distancing. Sometimes it happens that a bush is cut
out or a tree cut down. Landmarks of this kind often
disappear, but lamp-posts are not cut down so fre-
quently.

Let us now come back to the Walk again. We
pass over quite a little stretch of meadow until we
come near two catalpas that have been cut down to
mere stumps of trunks. These are on the right of
the Walk, and not very far from Meadow Port Arch.
If you cut across from them, to the left, over the
grass and across the Drive, you will find another
lamp-post. The first tree to the south of this lamp-
post, on the Drive, is a purple leaved English elm,
the next is an Austrian pine, the next is a curled-
leaved English elm and is located directly opposite
another lamp-post on the other side of the Drive, so
you can scarcely help finding these trees. Back of
lamp-post number one, in this enlightened gathering
of things botanical and mineral, you will find another
Turkey oak, close by the Walk and in fine condition.

If you go back now to the Walk on the Meadow
again and go through Meadow Port Arch you will
come out upon a little island of shrubbery set down
very cozily just in front of the Arch. This island
has somewhat the form of a spherical triangle with
the longer side (the westerly) indented by a curving
bay. We begin with the branch that slips off at our
left as we come from the Arch, and follow around
this island of shrubbery. In the easterly angle of
the island, just as you come from the Arch, is ever-
green thorn (Cratcegus pyracantha) with dark shin-
ing foliage. This shrub bears light pink flowers and
orange-scarlet berries in the winter. A Swiss stone
pine fills the south-westerly angle of the island and
just this side of it, that is east of it, is a good bush
of the sessile-leaved Weigela. Diagonally across from
the Swiss stone pine, on the opposite border of the
path, parallel with the boundary line of the Park, is
an excellent clump of the dwarf long-racemed buck^
eye. This shrub is very handsome in July, when it
throws up tall, tapering racemes of white bloom,
which stand up over its horizontally spreading leaves in
a very conspicuous manner. The leaves are themselves
very handsome, of thin, fine texture, palmately com-
pound. They make a fine showing for the shrub, even
when it is not in bloom. You will find this bush direct-
ly i . front of you as you come from the left branch path
beside the island of shrubbery. Following the cir-
cumference of this island, northward, you meet in its
northerly angle a well grown ginkgo tree with straight

shaft and branches thrown out at angles of about
forty-five degrees ; with beautiful fan-like leaves that
make you think of the maiden-hair fern.

From the ginkgo tree, following the border of the
"island" back now toward the Arch, stands English
yew and then Scotch elm. The elm is higher up on
the bank.

This completes our reconnaissance of the island
and we leave it by the path which, branching from
the right as you go from Meadow Port Arch, climbs
up a little rise beyond the ginkgo and finally comes
out at the Plaza. At Thatched Shelter it forks again
to wreathe, in its leisurely rambling, another "island"
and flows together again a little further beyond. We
go down the left branch past a well grown hop-horn-
beam on the left (just at the break of the fork) and
then on the right, as we go on, Weigela, English fitld
maple, yellow-wood, Koelreuteria and yellow-wood
again. On the left, just as you come out at the con-
fluence of the two branches of the path, are hop-,
hornbeam again and flowering dogwood.

As the path flows together again and we follow
it, we pass on the right, one after another, stand-
ing almost side by side four black haws. Directly
across to the right of the third one, on the border of
the Drive, you will find American elm and near the
Exit, beyond the elm, by the Drive, is Austrian pine
with another beside it, to the left. In between the
Austrian pines and a little back of the American elm
is sycamore maple. This you know readily by its

219

buttonwood-like leaves. Another Koclreuteria has
taken up position to the side of the sycamore maple.
The American elm, the sycamore maple, and the
Koclreuteria are almost in a line with each other,
the line cutting the Walk at an angle of about forty-
five degrees.

As you follow the Walk out from the Park, in
the corner at your right, are clustered many beau-
tiful things. Indeed, too many to mark them on
any diagram, but perhaps you may pick some of
them out by a brief text description and by noting
their locality which can only be indicated. The
small evergreen in the corner, nearest the Exit, with
the pretty curved fan-shaped sprays of close, blunt
leaves is Retinospora obtnsa, var. nana; the shrub
just this side of it, by the path, is Lawson's erect
cypress and you can tell it by its leafsprays which
seem to grow in vertical planes like series of parti-
tions. There is another evergreen of the same kind
just beyond it, over toward the stone wall that flanks
the Park on the north.

With the identification of these evergreens, this lit-
tle book of Park rambles draws to a close. It is
intended as a beginner's book, and if it has awak-
ened in the hands of its users a desire to know more
about the beautiful things of our Park, gathered
there with so much labor, with so much judgment,
and at such expense, it will have more than suc-
ceeded in its purpose. Go out to our exquisite Park.
Study its flowers, its shrubs, its trees, with a pur-

220

pose, and your reward will be great. Every ram-
ble will have something new to tell you. Though you
walk it for years, every leafy way shall unfold to you
some fresh secret, and the old story of the seasons
will be always a new one for you.

THE END,

221

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.

[Numerals in full lace type refer to the explanation tables and the numerals
not in full face type to the tree or shrub number on each table.]

X.Abele tree or white poplar, -Chestnut, 2, 15; 4, n ;

10, 71.

Adam's needle, 3, 48.
African Cedar. See Mount

• Atlas Cedar.
Ailanthus, 9, 56; 12, 15.

10, 108; u, ii ; 12, 5.
- Elm; 3, 10; 4, 49; 6, 9;
7, 17, 26; 8, 33; 9, 74:
10, 101 ; ii, 27; 12,

ii.
Akebia, Five-leaved, I, 71 ; — Hazel, i, 54.

10, 35; 12, 61.
Alcock's spruce, 6, 57.
< Alder, Black, or common

winterberry, ii, 33.
— European, i, 113; 4, 64;

6, 75 7, 58; 8, 29;

— Holly, i, 121 ; 10, 54;

n, 28.

— Hornbeam, 2, 5; 4, 20; 5,

6 1 ; 6, 24, 25, 34, 39, 46 ;
7, 40; 10, 64; n, 19;

12, 4.

9, 13; 10, 93; 12, 29. — Larch, 10, 105.

— European, Imperial cut- — Strawberry Bush, ii, 17.

leaved, 2, 46.

— Heart-leaved, 12, 57.

— Hoary, 7, 61.

— Smooth, 9, 99.

— Speckled, 7, 61.

— Tree. See Alder, Euro-

pean.
Allspice, Carolina, ii, 16.

— White ash, i, 92; 3, 73;

4, 35; 5, 20; 6, 45;
7, 25; 8, 3; 10, 62.

— White elm, 3, 10; 4, 49;

6, 9; 7, 17, 26; 8, 33;
9, 74; 10, 101.

— White or gray birch, 4,

55; 6, 21 ; 7, 59; n, 26.

— Carolina, Glaucous-leaved, — Willow, New; 9, 41.

II, 22. Amorpha fructicosa, 5, 46.

Alternate-leaved dogwood, 9, Andromeda Axillaris, I, 77;

101.

10, 56.

Althaea or Rose of Sharon, — Catesby's, 6, 61.

ii, 31-

Amelanchier. See Shadbush.

Angelica tree, I, 78; 85; 9,
18.

American Arbor Vitse, Pyra- Aralia, Spiny, I, 78, 85; 9,

midal variety, 5, 24.

18.

— Basswood, i, 22; 3, 34; 4, Arbor Vitae, American, Pyra-
62; 6, 5, 48; 7, 20, 39; midal variety, 5, 24.

9, 78; 12, 47.

— Chinese, 3, 23.

— Beech, i, 115; 2, 54; n, —Japan, Blunt-leaved, ii,

54-

— Bladder nut, 10, 34.

— Button wood, i, 97.

56.

— Japan, Golden pea-fruit-
ing; 3, 18.

222

— Japan, Golden plume-

leaved; i, 4.

— Japan, Obtuse-leaved; 12,

73-

— Japan, Plume-leaved ; I, 5 ;

3, 39; 6. 62; 10, 33.

— Japan, Variety squarrosa,

i, 6; 3, 70.

— Oriental, Thread-like; n,

69.

Arrowwood, i, 55; 5, 40; 8,
44; 9, 48; 10, 79.

— Maple-leaved or dock-

mackie, 2, 44.

Ash, American white, i, 92;
3, 73; 4, 35; 5, 20;
6, 45; 7, 25; 8, 3;
10, 62.

— Aucuba-leaved, 8, 19; 9,

58.

— European, 3, 36; 9, 10.

— European, Crisp-leaved;

3, 74-

— European flowering, i,

23; 3, 7, 67; 5, 8; 6, 16;

8, 18; 9, 25; 10, 112.

— European flowering. Wil-

low-leaved; o, 3.

— European, Single-leaved,

i, no; 5, i; 8, 5, 26.

— European, Weeping, i,

104.

— European, Willow-leaved;

i, 108.

— Northern prickly, 8, 31.

— Willow-leaved, European

flowering, 9, 3.

Ashberry or Japan mahonia,
10, 17.

Ash-leaved maple or box el-
der, i, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6;
5, 55; 6, 27; 8, 9;

9, 26; n, 42.
Aucuba, Japan, 3, '41.
Aucuba-leaved ash, 8, 19; 9,

58.

Austrian pine, i, 2; 2, 52; 3,
6; 4, 9; 5, 42; 6, 14;

9, 43; 10, 30; 12, 25.
Azalea, Garden, 3, 72.

— Ghent, 3, 38.

— Lovely, i, 73; 3, 42.
Babylonian Willow, i, 64;

10, 109.

— Willow, Golden-barked, 9,

50.

Bald Cypress 7, 52; 8, 15;
10, 31.

— Cypress, Weeping, 2, 32;

6, 44; 9, 55.
Barberry, Common, 4, 43; 7,

34; 8, 39-

— Japan. See Barberry,

Thunb erg's,

— Purple, r, 68; 4, 42; 7,

41.

— Thunberg's, 4, 13.
Basswood, American, i, 22;

3, 34; 4, 62; 6, 5, 48;
7,20,39; 9, 78; 12,47.

Bay or laurel-leaved willow,

7, 28; 9, 69; 10, 80; 94.
Bay, Sweet ; or Swamp mag-
nolia; i, 106; 10, 60.

Bayberry, 9, 47.
Beam tree, White; n, 75.
Bean trefoil tree. See Lab-
urnum.
Beech, American, i, 115; 2,

54; ii, 54-

— Blue. See Hornbeam,

American.

— Copper, i, 19; 3, 52; 10,

44.

— European, i, 102; 2, 66;

4, 58; 5, 2.

— European purple, 9, 42 ;

10, 67.

— European weeping, i, 16;

8, 7 : 9, 49-

— Fern-leaved, i, 70; 10,

103; 12, 69.

- Purple European, 9, 42;

10, 67.

— Water. See Hornbeam,

American,

— Weeping European, I, 16;

8, 7; 9. 49-
Bhotan pine, I, 37; 2, 25,

43; 4, 7; 10, 5.
Big shellbark or kingnut

hickory, 10, 114.
Bilsted. See Sweet gum.
Birch, American white or

gray, 4, 55; 6, 21; 7,

59; n, 26.

— Canoe. See Birch, paper.

— Cherry, 2, 53; 4, 22; 5,

62; 6, 37, 42; 7, 47; n,
87; 12, 27.

— European white, 9, I, 76.

— European white, Cut-

le'aved or weeping, 9, 23.

— Gray, or American white

birch, 4, 55; 6, 21; 7,
59; II, 26.

- Paper or canoe, I, 12; 4,

26; 5, 18; 7, 435 12, 26.

— Red, i, 103.

- River, I, 103.

— White, American or gray,

4, 55; 6, 21 ; 7, 59;
n, 26.

— White European, 9, i

76.

- Yellow, 6, 2; 12, 20.
Bird cherry, European; 6,

32; 8, 25.

Black Alder or common win-
terberry, n, 33.

— Birch. See Cherry birch.

— Cherry, 4, 59; 5, 51; 6,

42; 9, 64; 10, 50; n, 80.

— Gum. See Sour gum.

— Haw, 2, 38; 5, 26; 6, 43;

8, 10 ; 9, 85; 10, 73;
n, i ; 12, 28.

- Hawthorn, 5,559, 12, 2t.

- Mulberry, 2, 48.

— Oak, 2, 56; 4, 44; 9, 52;

n, 10 ; 11,25.

— Thorn. See Black haw-

thorn.

— Walnut, i, 91; 3, 8; 4,

60.
Bladder nut, American, 10,

- Senna, 9, 103.

Blue willow, 3, 57; 10, 81.

Blunt-leaved Japan arbor
vitse, n, 56.

Bocconia. Sec Tree celan-
dine.

Box or boxwood, 10, 4, 25,
96.

Box elder or ash-leaved ma-
ple, i, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6;
5, 55; 6, 27; 8, 9;
9, 26; n, 42.

Bridal-wreath spiraea, i, 44;
. 5, 35; 7t 13-

Bristly locust, 5, 44.

Broad-leaved European lin-
den, 4, 46; 5, 32, 63, 64;

7, 3-
Buckeye, Sweet, 10, 58.

— Yellow flowered, 2, 37.
Buckthorn, Common, 9, 73.
Bumald's spiraea, i, 8.
Bunge's catalpa, i, 62; 3, 78;

9, 81 ; 10, in.
Bur oak, i, 117; 8, 47; 9,

96; 12, 82.
Bush Cranberry, I, 21 ; 10,

76; II, 59.

— Deutzia, 6, 38; 8, 30; 9,

87 ; 10, 2.

— Deutzia, Variety Pride of

Rochester, 7, 60; 8, 51,

n, 64.

Buttonbush, I, 79; 2, 36.
Button wood, i, 97.

224

Californian privet, I, 94; 2,
i; 4, 40; 8, 16; 9, 44;
n, 18; 12, 2, 24.

Camperdown elm, 2, 41 ; 3, i ;

4, 30; 9» 40; 10, 3;
n, 71.

Canoe birch, I, 12; 4, 26; 5,

18; 7, 43; 12, 26.
Carolina Allspice, n, 16.

— Allspice, Glaucous-leaved,

11, 22.

Catalpa, Dwarf Japan

(Bunge's catalpa) I, 62;
3, 78; 9, 81 ; ID, in.

— Southern or Indian bean

tree, i, 63; 6, n ; 8, 41 ;

12, 50.

Catesby's andromeda, 6, 61.
Caucasian walnut, n, 61. •
Cedar, African, 11, 53.

— Deodar, or Indian, 3, 71.

— Lebanon, 9, 102.

— Japan, 6, 54.

— Mount Atlas, II, 53.

— Red, 5, 23.
Celandine, Tree, 10, 48.
Cephalonian silver fir, i, 33;

3, 17; 10, 47-
Cherry Birch, 2, 53; 4, 22;

5, 62; 6, 37, 42; 7, 47;
ii 87; 12, 27.

— Bird. European; 6, 32; 8,

25-

— Black, 4 , 59; 5, 51; 6,

42; 9, 64; 10, 50; n,
80.

— Choke, 4, 24; 5, 52; 12,

30.

— Cornelian, i, 15, 98; 2, 2;

3, 9; 8, 52.

— Wild red, 2, 26.
Chestnut, American, 2, 15;

4, n; 10, 108; n, n;
12, 5

— Oak, 12, 56.

— Spanish, i, 100; 12, 19.

China, Maple of Northern, 9,

63-
Chinese Arbor Vitse, 3, 23.

— Cork tree, 6, 60.

— Lilac, Weeping, 3, 60.

— Podocarpus, 3, 31.

— Quince. 5, 48.

— Wistaria, 7, 7; 10, 37.
Choke, cherry, 4, 24; 5, 52;

12, 30.

Cockspur Thorn, Oval-leaved
variety, 9, 86.

— Thorn, Variety Neapoli-

tana, n, 36.

— Thorn, Variety pyracan-

thafolia, i, 72; 12, 43.
Coffee-tree, Kentucky, i, 36;

3, 26; 5, 50; 9, 45.
Colchicum-leaved maple, 3,

14; n, 50.
Colorado blue spruce, 2, 19;

4, 8.

Common Barberry, 4, 43; 7,

34: 8, 39-

— Buckthorn, 9, 73.

— Elder, i, 56; ,7, 51; 10,

15, 46, 92.

— Horsechestnut, i, 61.

— Locust, i, 32; 4, 28; 9,

66; 10, 66.

— Privet, n, 20; 12, 18.

— Snowball or guelder rose,

1, 40; 8, 49.

— Sweet pepper bush, 2, n ;

ip, 22; n, 4; 12, 80.

— Winterberry or black al-

der, n, 33. .
Copper beech, i, 19; 3, 52;

10, 44.

Coral berry, 12, 13.
Cork tree, Chinese, 6, 60.
Cork bark elm, English; i,

82; 2, 51; 3, 49) 4» 48;

9, 2.
Cornelian cherry, i, 15. 98;

2, 2; 3, 9; 8, 52.

225

Corsican pine, I, 89.
Cranberry, Bush, i, 21 ; 10,

76; n, 59-
Crisp-leaved European ash, 3,

Cryptomeria Japonica. See

Japan cedar.
Cucumber tree, 5, 37; 7, 36;

9, 5; 10, 63; n, 39;

12, 52.

Cunninghamia, 3, 27.
Curled-leaved English elm,
12, 76.

- Willow, Q, 79.
Currant, Indian, 12, 13.

— Missouri, n, 8.
Cut-leaved European alder,

Imperial ; 2, 46.

— European elder, 10, 53;

12, 37.

— Silver maple, Weir's, 9,

107; 10, 83.

— Weeping European white

birch, 9, 23.
Cypress, Bald, 7, 52; 8, 15;

10, 31.

— Bald, Weeping; 2, 32;

6, 44; 9, 55.

— Ground, Japan. See Japan

arbor vita:.

- Lawson's erect, 12, 72.
Day lily, 3, n.

Deodar or Indian cedar, 3, 71

Deutzia, Bush or Fortune's,

6, 38; 8, 30; 9, 87;

10, 2.

-7- Bush or Fortune's, Variety
Pride of Rochester; 7,
60; 8, 51; n, 64.

- Slender, i, 67; 3, 30; 10,

39; n, 40.
Devil's walking stick, i, 78,

85; 9, 18.
Dockmackie, 2, 44.
Dogwood, Alternate-leaved,

9, 101,

— Flowering, I, 69; 3, 4;

4, 25; 5, 30. 59; 7, 44;
10, 75; ii, 12; 12, 70,
79-

— Panicled, n, 3.

— Red flowering, 4, 29.
Dotted fruited hawthorn, 2,

3 ; 2, 28.
Double red-flowering peach,

3, 63.

Dutchman's pipe, n, 72.
Dwarf Catalpa (Japan), i,

62; 3, 78; 9, 81 ; 10,

in.

— Horsechestnut, Large ra-

cemed, i, 66; 10, no;
12, 58.

— Mountain sumac, i, 46;

9, 60, 94; 12, 23.

— White spiraea, Fortune's,

1, 81.

Eagle's claw maple, i, 9.
Elaeagnus. See Oleaster.
Elder, Common, i, 56; 7, 51;

10, 15, 46, 92.

— European cut-leaved, 10,

S3! 12, 37.

Elm, American or white, 3,
10 ; 4, 49; 6, 9; 7, 17, 26;

8, 33; 9> 74; 10, 101;
n, 27; 12, ii.,

— Camperdown, 2, 41 ; 3,

i; 4, 30; 9, 40; 10, 3;
n, 71.

— English, 2, 16; 4, 10; 5,

49; 7, 29, 31; 8, i; 10,
36, 99; 12, 3, 32.

— English cork bark, i, 82;

2, 51; 3, 49; 4. 48;

9, 2.

— English, Curled-leaved.

12, 76.

— English, Plume-leaved, 6,

64-

— English, Purple-leaved, i,

86; 12, 75.

226

— English, Smooth branched,

12, 9.

— Purple-leaved English, i,

86; 12, 75.

— Scotch, i, ii ; 2, 49; 3,

50; 7, 46; 8, 8; 9. 75;

11, 60; 12, 10.

— White, 3, 10 ; 4, 49; 6, 9;

7, 17, 26; 8, 33; 9, 74,
10, 101 ; n, 27; 12, ii.
English Cork bark elm, i, 82;
2, 51; 3, 49; 4. 48;
9, 2.

— Elm, 2, 16; 4, 10; 5, 49;

7, 29, 31; 8, i; 10, 36,
99; 12, 3, 32.

— Elm, Curled-leaved, 12,

76.

— Elm, Plume-leaved, 6, 64.

— Elm, Purple-leaved, i, 86;

12, 75.

— Elm, Smooth branched;

12, 9.

- Field maple, I, 25; 2,
59; 4» 54; 5» 66; 10, 23;
12, 66.

— Hawthorn, i, 20; 2, 14;

4, 34; 5, 53; 8, 43;
9, ii, 28, 90; 10, 90;
12, 31.

— Maple. See English -field

maple.

— Oak, i, 65; 9, 100 ; 12, 21.

— Oak, Weeping, i, i.

— Walnut, i, 122; 2, 34.

— Yew, 3. 16; 10, 19; ii,

62; 12, 63.

— Yew, Golden; ii, 70.

— Yew, Variegated; 2, 42;

6, 63; n, 67.

— Yew, Weeping; 3, 68.
European Alder, I, 113; 4,

64; 6, 7; 7, 58; 8, 29;
9, 13; 10, 93; 12, 29.

— Alder, Imperial cut leaved,

2, 46-

— Ash, 3, .36; 9. 10.

— Ash, Crisp-leaved, 3, 74.

— Ash, Single-leaved, i, no;

5, i; 8, 5, 26.

— Ash, Weeping, i, 104.

— Ash, Willow-leaved; i,

108.

— Beech, i, 102, 2, 66; 4, 58;

5, 2.

— Beech, Purple, 9, 42.

— Beech, Weeping; 8, 7.

— Birch, White. See Birch,

European white.

— Bird cherry, 6, 32; 8, 25.

— Elder, Cut-leaved; 10, 53;

12, 37-

— Powering ash, i, 23; 3,

7, 67; 5, 8; 6, 16; 8, 18;
9, 25; 10, 112.

— Flowering ash, Willow-

leaved, 9, 3.

— Hazel, i, 52; 2, 10 ; 6, 33;

8, 21 ; 10, 98; n, 43.

— Holly, I, 48; 3, 40.

— Hornbeam, i, 39; 2, 47;

6, 4; 10, 95; 100; n,
77; 12, i.

— Larch, 6, 13, 29; 10, 43,

107.

— Larch, Weeping, 6, 23 ;

8, 14; 9. 8.

— Linden, i, 26; 2, 12; 3,

29; 4, 35 5, 3i; 6, 47;

7, i; 9, 91; n, 48;
12, 37.

— Linden, Broad-leaved, 4,

46; 5, 32, 63, 64; 7» 3-

— Linden, Silver; i, 27; 2,

6; 3, 44; 5» 33, 36; 6,
49; 7, 2; 8, 6; 9, 9;
ii, 49; 12, 39.

— Linden, Small-leaved, 9,

92; 12, 48.

— Linden, Various-leaved, 3,

55-

227

— Linden, Weeping silver,

3, 12; 5, 345 6, 35;

9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 36.

— Mountain-ash, I, 120; 9,

61.

— Purple beech, 9, 42; 10,

67.

— Silver fir, 10, 104.

— Silver linden. See Euro-

pean linden, Silver.

- Spindle-tree, 8, 45; 9, 67;

10, 70.

- Weeping beech, I, 16; 8,

7 : 9. 49-

— White birch. See Birch,

European white.

— Yew. See English yew.
Evergreen hawthorn, 12, 62.
Exochorda (Pearl bush), 4,

17-
False indigo, 5, 46; 8, 42;

9, 16, 37-
Fern-leaved beech, i, 70;

10, 103; 12, 69.

Field maple. English. See
EnglisJi field maple.

Fir, Cephalonian silver, I,
33; 3, 17; 10, 47.

— European silver, 10, 104.

— Japan silver, 9, 98.

— Noble silver, 6, 56.

— Nordmann's silver, i, 13;

2, 21 ; 4, 2; 7, 62;

11, 52

Five-leaved akebia, I, 71 ;

10, 35; 12, 61.
Flowering ash, European, I,

23; 3, 7- 67; 5, 8; 6, 16;

8, 18; 9, 25; 10, 112.

— Ash, Willow-leaved, Euro-

pean; 9, 3.

— Dogwood, Red; 4, 29.

- Dogwood, I, 69; 3, 4; 4,

25; 5, 30, 59; 7, 44:
10, 75; ii, 12; 12, 70,
79-

Fly honeysuckle, 5, 43; 10,

16.
Forsythia, i, 42; 2, 50; 3,

2; 4, 41; 6, 22; 7, 6;

8, 23; 9, 29; 10, 28;
12, 33-

— Intermediate-leaved, 10,

82.

— Weeping, 3, 75; n, 83.
Fortune's Deutzia. See Busli

Deutzia.

— Dwarf white spiraea, i,

81.

Fragrant honeysuckle, i, 47;
4, 39; 5, 10 ; 8, 37;

9, 22; n, 21.
French Mulberry, i, 45.

— Tamarisk, 2, 39; 9, 68.
Fringe tree, 5, 14; 9, 17;

10, 49; ii, 15.
Fringe-tree-leaved lilac. See

Josika lilac.
Garden Azalea, 3, 72.

— Hydrangea, 3, 77.
Ghent azalea, 3, 38.
Ginkgo tree, 9, 32; 12, 44.
Ginseng, ii, 65.
Golden-barked Babylonian or

weeping willow, 9, 50.
Golden Bell or Forsythia, i,
42; 2, 50; 3, 2; 4, 41 ;

6, 22; 7, 6; 8, 23;

9, 29; 10, 28; 12, 33.

— Bell, Intermediate-leaved,

10, 82.

— Bell, Weeping, 3, 75; ",

83-

— Chain. See Laburnum.

— English yew, ii, 70.

— Willow. See Yellow Wil-

\OVJ.

Gray birch, or American
white birch, 4, 55 ; 6, 21 ;

7, 59; ii, 26.
Grecian silk vine, 10, 51,

228

Gregory's Norway spruce, 3,

62; 10, 8.
Ground cypress, Japan. Sec

Japan arbor vita:.
Guelder rose. See Snoivball.
Gum, Sour. See Sour gum.
Gum, Sweet. See Sweet

gum.
Hackberry, 6, 3; 8, 35; 10,

42, 12, 35.
Hackmatack. See Larch,

American.

Halesia. See Silver bell.
Hall's Japan honeysuckle, 7,

18; u, 41.

- Japan magnolia, I, 105.
Haw, Black, 2, 38; 5, 26; 6,

43; 8, 10 ; 9, 85; 10, 73;

n, i ; 12, 28.
Hawthorn, Black, 5, 5 ; 9, 12,

21.

— Cockspur, Oval-leaved va-

riety, 9, 86.

— Cockspur, Variety Nca-

politana, n, 36.

— Cockspur, Variety pyra-

canthafoUa, i, 72; 12,

43-

— Dotted fruited, 2, 3; 2,

28.

— English, I, 20; 2, 14; 4,

345 5, 53; 8, 431 9, ii,

28, 90; IO, 90; 12, 31.

— Evergreen, 12, 62.

— Pear, 5, 5; 9, 12, 21.

— Scarlet fruited, i, 95; 9,

83; ii, 32.

— Scarlet fruited, Large

thorned variety, 2, 68.

— Tender-leaved, Hybrid va-

riety, 9, 105.

— Washington, 2, 63; 5, 47;

8, 34-
Hazel, American, i, 54-

— European, i, 52; 2, 10;

6, 33; 8, 21 ; 10, 98;
ii. 43-

- Witch, 4, 38.
Heart-leaved alder, 12, 57.
Hemlock, i, 41; 2, 57; 3,
24; 4, 53; 5, IS! 6, 55;

7, 42; 10, 7; n, 24.
Hercules's club, i, 78, 85;

9, 18.

Hickory, Big shellbark or
kingnut, 10, 114.

— Kingnut, 10, 114.

— Mockernut, 2, 18; 2, 65;

3, 66; 4, 33; n, 6.

— Pignut, 4, 45.

— Shagbark or shellbark, 3,

81 ; 4, 61.

— Shellbark, Big, 10, 114.

— Small mockernut, 3, 33 ;

10, 57

— White-heart, 2, 18, 65; 3,

66; 4, 33-

Himalayan spruce, ii, 23.
Hoary or speckled alder, 7,

61.
Holly, American, I, 121; 10,

54; n, 28.

- European, i, 48; 3, 40.
Honey locust, 9, 6; 10, 69;

11, 85.
Honeysuckle, Fly, 5, 43; 10,

16.

— Fragrant, i, 47; 4» 395 5,

10 ; 8, 37; 9. 22; n,

21.

— Hall's Japan, 7, 18; II,

41.

— Standish's, 9, 88.

— Tartarian, i, 84.

— Tartarian, Variety alba,

9. 93-

Hop Hornbeam, i, 35; i°»
88; n, 86; 12, 64.

229

— Tree or shrubby trefoil,

4, 56; 5, 21 ; 6, 41;
7, 15; 8, 22.

Hornbeam American, 2, 5;
4, 20; 5, 61 ; 6, 24, 25,
34, 39, 46; 7, 40; 10, 64,
n, 19; 12, 4.

— European, i, 39; 2, 47;

6, 4; 10, 95, loo ; n,
77; 12, i.

— Hop, i, 35; 10, 88; n,

86; 12, 64.
Hornbeam-leaved maple, 3,

13-

Horsechestnut, Common, i,
61.

— Dwarf or large racemed,

i, 66; 10, no; 12, 58.

- Red-flowering, 10, 59;

ii, 57-

Huckleberry, 7, 53; 10, 77.
Hydrangea, Garden, 3, 77.

- Panicled, 3, 80.

— Shady, I, 49, 2, 27, 9, 4.

— Snowy, 7, 14, 57.
Imperial cut-leaved European

alder, 2, 46.

— Paulownia, 12, 49.
Indian bean tree. See Catal-

pa.
Indian Cedar, 3, 71.

— Currant, 12, 13.

Indigo, False, 5, 46; 8, 42;

9, 1 6, 37.
Intermediate-leaved For-

sythia, 10, 82.
Irish Juniper, 3, 19.

— Yew, 3, 20.

Ironwood. See Hop horn-
beam.

Japan Arbor Vitae, Blunt-
leaved, n, 56.

— Arbor Vitae, Golden pea-

fruiting, 3, 18.

— Arbor Vitae, Golden

plume-leaved, i, 4.

— Arbor Vitae, Obtuse-

leaved, 12, 73.

— Arbor Vitae, Plume-

leaved, i, 5; 3, 39; 6, 62;
10, 33-

— Arbor Vitae, Variety

squarrosa, i, 6; 3, 70.

— Aucuba, 3, 41.

— Barberry. See Thunberg's

barberry.

— Catalpa, Dwarf, i, 62;

3, 78; 9, 81; 10, in.

— Cedar, 6, 54.

— Ground cypress, Golden

pea-fruiting, 3, 18.

— Ground cypress, Golden

plume-leaved, I, 4.

— Ground cypress, Plume-

leaved, i, 5; 3, 39; 6,
62; 10, 33.

— Ground cypress, Variety

squarrosa, i, 6; 3, 70.

— Honeysuckle, Hall's, 7,

18; n, 41.
- Judas tree, 3, 79; 12, 77.

— Lemon, n, 66.

— Magnolia, Hall's; i, 105.

— Mahonia or ashberry, 10,

17-

— Maple, 3, 5 ; 9» 3&

— Pagoda tree, i, 38; 2,

40; 3, 69; 7, 23; o, 39.

— Pagoda tree, Weeping, i,

75; 3, 5i; ii, 30.

— Parasol tree or umbrella

pine, 3, 53.

— Plum, 4, 15.

— Quince', i, 18, 34; 2, 45;

3, 37; 6, 18; 7, 11;
8, 38; 9, 89; 10, ii ;
n, 84; 12, 34.

— Silver fir, 9, 98.

— Snowball, 3, 15; 4, 37; 9,

57-

— Stachyurus, 9, 33.

— Wistaria, 10, 40.

230

— Yew, 10, 27.

Josika lilac, 9, 59; 10, I.
Judas Tree, i, 17; 5, 22; 6,
20; 7, 22; 8, 28; 12, 42.

— Tree, Japan; 3, 79; 12,

77-
June berry, 5, 9; 9, 24; 10,

74-
Juniper, Irish, 3, 19.

— Polish, i, 5; 3, 21 ; 10, 6;

n, 63.
Kentucky coffee-tree, I, 36,

3, 26; 5, 50; 9, 45.
Kilmarnock willow, 3, 61.
Kingnut hickory, 10, 114.
Kcelreuteria, I, 7; 2, 7; 3, 64;

4, 57; 5, 65; 6, 17;

7, 24; 8, 24; 9, 15, 45;
n, 73; 12, 67. .

Laburnum, 2, 30 ; 9, 14.
Larch, American, 10, 105.

— European, 6, 13, 29; 10,

43, 107.

— European weeping, 6, 23;

8, 14; 9, 8.

Large Flowered syringa, 4,
12; 6, 30, 52; 7, 19, 50,
55; 8, 32; 10, 9.

— Racemed dwarf horse-

chestnut, i, 66; 10, no;
12, 58.

— Thorned variety of the

scarlet fruited hawthorn,

2, 68.
Laurel, Mountain, 3, 43; 6,

50; TO, 14, 55.
Laurel-leaved willow, 7, 28 ;

9, 69; 10, 80, 94.
Lawson's erect cypress, 12,

72.

Lebanon cedar, 9, 102.
Lemon, Japan, n, 66.
Lilac, 4, 21 ; 5, 67; 7, 21;

7, 32; 10, 85, 86.

— Chinese, Weeping, 3, 60.

— Fringe-tree-leaved, or Jo-

sika, 9, 59; 10, i.
Lily, Day, 3, u.
Linden, European, T, 26; 2,

12; 3, 29; 4, 3; 5, 31;

6, 46; 7, i; 9, 91;

11, 48; 12, 37.

— European broad-leaved, 4,

46; 5, 32, 63, 64; 7, 3.

— European silver, i, 27;
t2, 6; 3, 44; 5, 33, 36;

6, 49; 7, 2; 8, 6;
9, 9; u, 49; 12, 39.

— European silver, Weep-

ing, 3, 12; 5, 34; 6, 35;
9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 36.

— European small-leaved, 9,

92; 12, 48.

— European, Various-leaved,

3, 55-

Liquidambar. See Sweet gum.
Locust, Bristly, 5, 44.

— Common, i, 32; 4, 28; 9,

66; 10, 66.

— Honey, 9, 6; 10, 69; II,

85.
Lombardy poplar, 9, 71; n,

29.

Lovely azalea, i, 73; 3, 42.
Madeira nut, i, 122; 2, 34.
Magnolia, Hall's Japan, i,

105.

— Purple, n, 37.

— Soulange's, i, 80; 6, 10;

7, 56; 9. 54; II, 38;

12, 53-

— Swamp, i, 106; 10, 60.
Mahonia, Japan or ash-
berry, 10, 17.

Maple, ash-leaved or box
elder, i, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6;
5, 55; 6, 27; 8, 9;
9, 26; n, 42.

— Colchicum-leaved, 3, 14;

II, 50,

231

— Eagle's claw, i, 9.

— English or field, i, 25 ; 2,

59; 4, 545 5. 66; 10, 23;
12, 66.

— Hornbeam-leaved, 3, 13.

— Japan, 3, 5 ; 9» 38.

— Mountain, 9, 95.

— Northern China, 9, 63.

— Norway, 2, 20; 3, 32; 4,

47; 5, 29; 6, 40; 9. 36;
12, 71.

— Norway, Purple-leaved va-

riety Geneva, 9, 62.

— Red, 2, 62; 4, 16; 5, 28;

6, 31, 36; 7. 35; 8, 12;

10, 21 ; IT, 13; 12, 12.

— Round-leaved, 9, 34.

— Silver, i, 10; 2, 64; 3,

59; 4, 3i; 5. 27; 8, 40;
9, 7; 10, 10 ; n, 47;
12, 40.

— Silver, Weir's cut-leaved,

9, 107; 10, 83.

— Striped, or moosewood.

2, 67; 5, 13; 10, 97.

— Sugar or rock, i, 99; 2,

60; 3, 35; 7. 27; 8, 2;

10, 24; 12, 46.

— Sycamore, 2, 58; 3, 25;

4, 5: 5, 39, 56; 8, 53;
9, 35; n, 44; 12, 41.

— Sycamore, Purple-leaved,

3. 54-

— Vine, 9, 34.

- White. See Maple, Silver.
Maple-leaved arrowwood or

dockmackie. 2, 44.
Missouri currant, n, 8.
Mock Orange (Sweet syrin-

ga), i, 74; 4, 19; 6,

28; 7, 9, 54-

— Orange, Scentless, 9, 84.
Mockernut, Hickory, 2, 18;

2, 65; 3, 66; 4, 33;

11, 6,

— Hickory, Small, 3, 33;

10, 57.

Moosewood, or striped ma-
ple, 2, 67; 5, 13; 10, 97-

Mossy-cup, or bur oak, i,
117; 8, 47; 9, 96; 12,
82.

Mount Atlas or African Ce-
dar, n, 53.

Mountain Laurel, 3, 43; 6,
59; 10, 14, 55-

— Maple, 9, 95.

— Sumac, Dwarf, i, 46; 9,

60, 94; 12, 23.
Mountain-ash, European, i,

120; 9, 61.
Mountain-ash-leaved spiraea,

7, 38; 12, 14.
Mugho pine, i, 31; 2, 29;

7, 48: 10, 18.
Mulberry Black, 2, 48.

— French, i, 45.

— Paper, 9, 97.

— Red, 10, 102.

— Russian weeping, 3, 58.

— Weeping, Teas's or Rus-

sian, 3, 58.

— White, i, ^8; 2, 35; 9,

82.

Myrtle, Wax, 9, 47.
New American willow, 9,

41.
Ninebark, 3, 76; 5, 12; 6,

53; 8, 20; 9, 20; 10, 65;

12, 16.

Noble silver fir, 6, 56.
Nordmann's silver fir, i, 13;

2, 21 ; 4, 2; 7, 62;

n, 52.

Northern prickly ash, 8, 31.
Norway maple, 2, 20; 3, 32;

4, 47; 5, 29; 6, 40;

9, 36; 12, 71.

— Maple, Purple-leaved, va-

riety Geneva, 9, 62,

232

— Spruce, 3, 56; 4, 52; 5,

19; 6, 12; 7, 45; 10,
91; n, 2.

— Spruce, Gregory's, 3, 62;

10, 8.

— Spruce, Weeping, I, 76.
Oak, Black, 2, 56; 4, 44; 9,

52; n, 10; n, 25.

— Bur, i, 117; 8, 47; 9, 96;

12, 82.

— Chestnut, 12, 56.

— English, i, 65; 9, 100;

12, 21.

— English, Weeping; I, I.

— Mossy-cup, I, 117; 8, 47;

o, 96; 12, 82.

— Pin, or Swamp Spanish,

2, 61; 9, 5i; ii, 78;
12, 55, 78.

— Pyramid, 9, 65.

— Red, i, 116; 4, 23; 10,

84; n, 74; 12, 81.

— Scarlet, i, 101 ; 4, 36;

11, 5

Oak, Swamp Spanish. See

Pin oak.
Oak Turkey, I, 109; 12, 74.

— Weeping English, i, i.

— White, 2, 13; 4, 32; II,

9; 12, 6.

— Willow, I, in.
Obtuse-leaved Japan arbor

vitae, 12, 73.

Oleaster, i, 112; 6, 26; 7,
16; 8, 13, 36; n, 81.

— Umbel-flowered, 9, 106.
Orange, Mock. See Mock

orange.

— Osage, 7, 30; 10, 87;

ii, 14-

Oriental Arbor Vitae, Thread-
like, n, 69.

— Plane tree, i; 57, 59; 6,

i; ii, 79-

— Spruce, i, 14; 5, 25; 10,

41.

Osage Orange, 7, 30; 10,

87; n, 14.
Osier, Red, 8, ii; 10, 52;

11, 58.

— Siberian red, 8, 46.
Oval-leaved variety, cockspur

thorn, 9, 86.

Pagoda Tree, Japan, i, 38;
2, 40; 3, 69; 7, 23;
9, 39-

— Tree, Weeping Japan, i,

75; 3, 51; n, 30.
Panicled Dogwood, ii, 3.

— Hydrangea, 3, 80.
Paper Birch, i, 12; 4, 26; 5,

18; 7, 43; 12, 26.

— Mulberry, 9, 97.
Paulownia, Imperial, 12, 49.
Pea tree, Siberian, 2, 31 ; 4,

So; 9, 3i.

Peach, Red-flowering, Dou-
ble, 3, 63.

Pear hawthorn, 5, 5; 9, 12,
21.

Pearl bush, 4, 17.

Pepper Bush, Common sweet ;
2, ii ; 10, 22; II, 4;

12, 80.

Pepperidge, or sour gum, 2,

55; ii, 55; 12, 45.
Persimmon, 5, 60.
Pignut hickory, 4, 45.
Pin or swamp Spanish oak,

2, 61; 9, 51; ii, 78;

12, 55, 78.
Pine, Austrian, i, 2; 2, 52; 3,

6; 4, 9; 5, 42; 6, 14;

9, 43; 10, 30; 12, 25.

— Bhotan, I, 37; 2, 25, 43;

4, 7; 10, 5-

— Corsican, i, 89.

— Mugho, I, 31; 2, 29; 7,

48; 10, 18.

— Pitch, 7, 63.

— Scotch, I, 60; 6, 15; 7,

49'

— Swiss stone, 1, 3; 3, 22;

4. 27; 5, 3; 12, 60.

— Umbrella, 3, 53.

— White, 3, 28; 5, 58; 10,

26; n, 46; 12, 22.
Pipe vine or Dutchman's

pipe, II, 72.
Pitch pine, 7, 63.
Plane tree, Oriental, I, 57,

59; 6, i; n, 79-
Plum, Japan, 4, 15.
Plume-leaved English elm,

6, 64.

— Japan ground cypress.

See Japan ground cy-
press, Plume-leaved.

Podocarpus, Chinese, 3, 31.

Polish juniper, i, 5; 3, 21;
10, 6; n, 63.

Poplar, Lombardy, 9, 71; n,
29.

— White, 10, 71.
Prickly ash, Northern, 8, 31.
Privet, Calif ornian, i, 94,

2, i; 4, 40; 8, 16;

9, 44; ii, 18; 12, 2, 24.

— Common, n, 20; 12, 18.
Purple Barberry, i, 68; 4,

42; 7, 41-

— Beech, European ; 9, 42,

10, 67.

— Magnolia, II, 37.

— Willow, 10, 113, 115.
Purple-leaved English elm,

i, 86; 12, 75.

— Norway maple, variety

Geneva, 9, 62.

— Sycamore maple, 3, 54.
Pyramid oak, 9, 65.
Pyramidal variety, American

arbor vitse, 5, 24.
Quince, Chinese, 5, 48.

— Japan, i, 18, 34; *, 45;

3, 37; 6, 18; 7, 11;
8, 38; 9, 89; 10, ii ;

11, 84: 12, 34.

RamUlias rose, II, 7-
Red Birch, i, 103.

— Cedar, 5, 23.

— Cherry, Wild, 2, 26.

— Maple, 2, 62; 4, 16; 5,

28; 6, 31, 36; 7, 35; 8,
12; 10, 21 ; n, 13; 12,
12.

— Mulberry, 10, 102.

— Oak, i, 116; 4, 23; 10,

84; ii, 74; 12, 81.

— Osier, 8, n; 10, 52; n,

58.

— Osier, Siberian, 8, 46.
Redbud. See Judas tree.
Red-flowering Dogwood, 4,

29.

— Horsechestnut, 10, 59;

ii, 57-

— Peach, Double, 3, 63.
Reeve's spiraea, Double flow-
ered, i, 30; 5, 4.

Reeve's spiraea, Single flow-
ered, i, 29; 5, 6; 7, 10 ;

9, 72; 10, 72.

Retmospora. See Japan ar-
bor vita.

Rhododendron (Rosy lilac
colored flowers), ii, 68.

Rhododendrons, Various
kinds, 3, 46; 10, 13.

Ring-leaved willow, 9, 79.

River birch, i, 103.

Rock or sugar maple, 2, 60;
3, 351 7, 27; 8, 2;

10, 24; 12, 46.

Rose of Sharon, or althaea,

11, 31-

Rose, Ramanas, ii, 7.
Round-leaved maple, 9, 34.
Rowan tree. See European

mountain ash.

Royal white willow, 10, 78.
Russian weeping mulberry,

3, 58.
Salmon-barked willow, 9, 80.

234

Sassafras, I, 43; 3, 82; 4,
63; 5, 57; ii, 76; 12, 7-

Scarlet Fruited hawthorn, I,
95; 9, 83; II, 32.

— Fruited hawthorn, Large

thorned variety, 2, 68.

— Oak, i, 101; 4, 36; n, 5-
Scentless mock orange or sy-

ringa, 9, 84.

Scotch Elm, i, ii ; 2, 49;
3, 50; 7, 46; 8, 8;

9, 75; ii, 60; 12, 10.

— Pine, i, 60; 6, 15; 7, 49-
Senna, Bladder, 9, 103.
Service berry, 5, 9; 9, 24;

10, 74-
Sessile-leaved Weigela, i,

114; 12, 59.
Shadbush, 5, 9; 9, 24; 10,

74-
Shady hydrangea, i, 49; 2,

27; 9, 4-

Shagbark or shellbark hick-
ory, 3, 81 ; 4, 61.

Sheepberry, 9, 104; 12, 54.

Shellbark or shagbark hick-
ory, 3, 81; 4, 61.

Shrubby Trefoil, 4, 56; 5, 21 ;
6, 41 ; 7, 15 ; 8, 22.

— Wistaria, 3, 3.
Siberian Pea tree, 2, 31; 4,

So; 9, 3i.

— Red Osier, 8, 46.
Silk vine, Grecian, 10, 51.
Silver Bell or snowdrop tree,

I, 24; 5, 45; 7, 12;

ii, 34-

— Fir, Ce

"ephalonian, i, 33;
3, 17; 10,47-

— Fir, European, 10, 104.

— Fir, Japan, 9, 98.

— Fir, Noble, 6, 56.

12, 19.

— Fir, Nordmann's, i, 13;

2, 21 ; 4, 2; 7, 62;
ii, 52.

— Linden, European, I, 27;

2, 6; 3, 44; 5, 33, 36;
6, 49; 7, 2; 8, 6;
9, 9; ii, 49; 12, 39.

— Linden, Weeping Euro-

pean, 3, 12; 5, 34; 6, 35;
9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 36.

— Maple, i, 10 ; 2, 64; 3,

59; 4, 3i; 5, 27; 8, 40;
9, 7; 10, 10 ; n, 47;
12, 40.

— Maple, Weir's cut-leaved ;

9, 107; 10, 83.
Single-leaved European ash,

i, 110; 5, i; 8, 5, 26.
Slender Deutzia, i, 67; 3, 30;

10, 39; ii, 40.

Small mockernut hickory, 3,
33; 10, 57-

Small-leaved European lin-
den, 9, 92; 12, 48.

Smoke tree, i, 28; 9, 19.

Smooth Alder, 9, 99.

— Branched English elm,

12, 9-

— Sumac, 12, 17.

— Winterberry, i, 118.
Snowball, Common, .1, 40;

8, 49-

— Japan, 3, 15; 4, 37; 9,

Snowdrop tree. See Silver

bell.

Snowy hydrangea, 7, 14, 57.
Soulange's magnolia, i, 80;

6, 10 ; 7, 56; 9, 54;

n, 38; 12, 53.
Sour gum or pepperidge, 2,

55; n, 55 ; 12, 45-
Southern catalpa. See Ca-

talpa, Southern.
Spanish chestnut, i, 100;
Speckled or hoary alder, 7,

61.
Spicebush, i, 107; 2, 24; 3,

65; 10, 38.

235

Spindle-tree, European, 8,
45; 9, 67; 10, 70.

— Thunberg's, i, 119.

— Winged, I, 119.
Spiraea, Bridal wreath, I, 44;

5, 35; 7, 13-

— Bumald's, i, 8.

— Fortune's dwarf white, I,

81.

— Mountain-ash-leaved, 7,

38; 12, 14.

— Reeve's double-flowered,

it 30; 5. 4-

— Reeve's single-flowered,

it 29; 5, 6; 7, 10 ;

9, 72; 10, 72.

— Van Houtte's, 2, 33 ; 4,

14; 5, 7; 10, 45; n, 82.
Spruce, Alcock's, 6, 57.

— Colorado blue, 2, 19 ; 4,

8.

— Gregory's Norway; 3, 62;

10, 8.

— Himalayan, n, 23.

- Norway, 3, 56; 4, 52; 5,
19; 6, 12; 7, 45; 10,
91; n, 2.

— Norway, Gregory's, 3,

62; 10, 8.

— Norway, Weeping, i, 76.

— Oriental, i, 14; 5, 25;

10, 41.

— Weeping Norway, i, 76.
Stachyurus, Japan, 9, 33.
Staghorn sumac, i, 33.
Standish's honeysuckle, 9, 88.
Stone pine, Swiss, i, 3; 3,

22; 4, 27; 5, 3; 12, 60.
Strawberry Bush, American,
n, 17.

— Shrub, Sweet scented,

n, 16.

Striped maple or moose-
wood, 2, 67; 5, 13; 10,
97-

Sugar or rock maple, i, 99;

2, 60; 3, 35; 7, 27;

8, 2; 10, 24; 12, 46.
Sugarberry, 6, 3; 8, 35; IO,

42; 12, 35.
Sumac, Dwarf mountain, I,

46; 9, 60, 94; 12, 23.

— Smooth, 12, 17.

— Staghorn, i, 53.
Swamp magnolia, I, 106;

10, 60.

— Spanish oak. Set Pin

oak.

Sweet Bay or swamp mag-
nolia, i, 106; 10, 60.

— • Birch. See Cherry birch.

— Buckeye, 10, 58.

— Gum or bilsted, i, 96; 2,

17; n, 45; 12, 8.

— Pepper bush, Common, 2,

ii ; 10, 22; n, 4; 12,
80.

— Scented strawberry shrub,

11, 16.

— Syringa, I, 74; 4» 19; 6,

28 ; 7, 9, 54-

— Viburnum, 9, 104; 12,

54-
Swiss stone pine, i, 3; 3, 22;

4. 27; 5, 3; 12, 60.
Sycamore. See Buttomvood.
Sycamore Maple, 2, 58; 3,

25; 4, 5; 5, 39, 56; 8,

53; 9, 35; ii, 44; i*,

41.

— Maple, Purple-leaved, 3,

54-
Syringa, (Philadelphus),

Large-flowered, 4, 12 ;
6, 30, 52; 7, 19, 50, 55;
8, 32; 10, 9.

— Scentless, 9, 84.

— Sweet, I, 74; 4, 19; 6,

28; 7, g, 54-

— White-stamened, 10, 12.

236

Tamarack. See Larch,

American.
Tamarisk, French, 2, 39; 9,

68.
Tartarian Honeysuckle, I,

84-

— Honeysuckle, Variety alba,

9, 93-

Teas's Weeping mulberry, 3,

58.

Thorn. See Hawthorn.
Thread-like Oriental arbor

vitse, n, 69.
Thunberg's Barberry, 4, 13.

— Spindle tree, i, 119.
Toothache tree. See North-
ern prickly ash.

Tree Alder. See Alder, Euro-
pean.

— Box. See Box.

— Celandine, 10, 48.
Tree-of-Heaven, 9, 56; 12,

15-
Trefoil, Shrubby or hop tree,

4, 56; 5, 21 ; 7, 15;

8, 22.
Tulip tree, i, 88; 2, 23; 3,

47; 4, i; 5, 41; 6, 6;

7, 5; 8, 17; 10, 68;

ii, 5i-

Tupelo. See Sour gum.
Turkey oak, i, 109; 12, 74.
Umbel-flowered oleaster, 9,

106.
Umbrella Pine, 3, 53.

— Tree, i, 83; 5, 38; 6, 8;

7, 37; 9, 53; 10, 61.
Van Houtte's spiraea, 2, 33;

4, 14; 5, 7; 10, 45;

11, 82.
Variegated English yew, 2,

42; 6, 63; n, 67.

— Weigela, 2, 22; 4, 18; 6,

19.

Various-leaved European lin-
den, 3, 55-

Viburnum, De'ntatuni, i, 55 1

5, 40; 8, 44; 9, 48;
io, 79-

— Lentago, 9, 104; 12, 54.

— Rugosum, io, 89.

— Sweet, 9, 104; 12, 54.
Vine, Grecian silk, io, 51.

— Maple, 9, 34.

Walnut, Black, i, 91; 3, 8;
4, 60.

— Caucasian, n, 61.

— English, i, 122; 2, 34.
Washington thorn, 2, 63; 5,

47 ; 8, 34.
Water beech. See Hornbeam,

American.
Wax myrtle, 9, 47.
Wayfaring tree, io, 89.
Weeping Bald cypress, 2, 32;

6, 44; 9, 55.

— Beech, European, i, 16; 8,

7; 9, 49-

— Chinese lilac, 3, 60.

— Cut-leaved European

white birch, 9, 23.

— English oak, i, i.

— English yew, 3, 68.

— European ash, i, 104.

— European beech, i, 16; 8,

7 ; 9, 49-

— European larch, 6, 23; 8,

14 ; 9, 8.

— European silver linden, 3,

12; 5, 34; 6, 35; 9, 27;
io, 106; 12, 36.

— Golden bell or Forsythia,

3, 75; n, 83.

— Japan pagoda tree, i, 75 ;

3, Si; ii, 30.

— Mulberry, Teas's or Rus-

sian, 3, 58.

— Norway spruce, i, 76.

— Willow, i, 64; io, 109.
Weigela, i, 90; 5, n, 17,

54; 6, 51; 7, 4, 8; 8, 27,
\ 50; io, 29; 12, 65.

237

— Sessile-leaved, i, 114; 12,

59-

— Variegated, 2, 22; 4, 18;

6, 19.

Weir's cut-leaved silver ma-
ple, 9, 107; 10, 83.

White Ash, i, 92; 3, 73; 4,
35; 5, 20; 6, 45; 7, 25;
8, 3; 10, 62.

— Beam tree, n, 75.

— Birch, American, 4, 55; 6,

2i ; 7, 59; ii» 26.

— Birch, European, 9, i, 76.

— Elm, 3, 10 ; 4, 49; 6, 9;

7, 17, 26; 8, 33; 9, 74;

10, 101; n, 27; 12,
ii.

— Mulberry, i, 58; 2, 35;

9,82.

— Oak, 2, 13; 4, 32; n, 9;

12, 6.

— Pine, 3, 28; 5, 58; 10,

26; n, 46; 12, 22.

— Poplar, 10, 71.

— Stamened syringa, 10, 12.
- Willow, Royal, 10, 78.

White-heart hickory, 2, 18,

. 65; 3, 66; 4, 33.
Wild red cherry, 2, 26.
Willow, Babylonian or weep-
ing, i, 64 ; 10, loo.

— Babylonian, Golden-

barked, 9, 50.

— Bay, 7, 28; 9, 69; 10, 80,

94.

— Blue, 3, 57; 10, 81.

— Curled-leaved, 9, 79.

11, 67.

— Golden barked Babylonian,

9, 50.

— Golden or yellow, 6, 50;

7. 33; 10, 32.

— Kilmarnock, 3, 61.

— Laurel-leaved. 7, 28; 9,

69; 10, 80, 94.

— New American, 9, 41.

- Oak, i, in.

— Purple, 10, 113, 115.

— Ring-leaved, 9, 79.

— Royal white, 10, 78.

— Salmon barked, 9, 80.

— Weeping, i, 64; 10, 109.

— Weeping, Golden barked ;

9. 50.

— White, Royal, 10, 78.

— Yellow, 6, 50; 7, 33; 10,

32.

Willow-leaved European ash,
i, 108.

— European flowering ash, 9,

3-

Winterberry, Common, or
black alder, n, 33.

- Smooth, i, 118.
Wistaria, Chinese, 7, 7; 10,

37-

— Japan, 10, 40.

— Shrubby, 3, 3.
Witch hazel, 4, 38.
Yellow Birch, 6, 2; 12, 20.

— Flowered buckeye, 2, 37.

— Willow, 6, 50; 7, 33; 10,

32.
Yellow-wood, i, 50; 2, 9; 4,

51; 5, 16; 9, 30; n, 35;

12, 68.
Yew, European or English, 3,

16; 10, 19; n, 62; 12,

63-

— European or English,

Golden, n, 70.

— European or English, Va-

riegated, 2, 42 ; 6, 63 ;

— European or English,

Weeping, 3, 68.

— Irish, 3, 20.

— Japan, 10, 27.

- Variegated English, 2, 42;

6, 63; n, 67.
Yucca, 3, 48.

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