UC-NRLF
SB EfiT 575
0 -
\^jtZu~t*e&l
' 7^
/ -; /
FRANZ THIMM'S
SERIES
OF
CLASSICAL, EUROPEAN
AND
ORIENTAL GEAMMAES
AFTER AN
EASY AND PRACTICAL METHOD.
PART XH. THE TURKISH LANGUAGE.
LONDON:
FRANZ THIffll.
EUROPEAN AND OKIENTAL BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER. 24 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE W.
1877.
TURKISH SELF-TAUGHT
OB THE
DEAGOMAN FOE TEAVELLEES IN THE EAST, BEING A NEW
PRACTICAL AND EASY METHOD
OF LEARNING THE
TUEKISH LANGUAGE.
BY
ABU SAID.
M
VOCABULARY— GRAMMAR-DIALOGUES DICTIONARY.
LONDON:
FRANZ THIMM.
BUEOPEAN AND ORIENTAL BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER. 24 BROOK STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE W.
1877.
PREFACE.
A new and improved
System of learning Foreign Languages.
The study of Foreign Languages having become general, the methods of teaching them have altered and improved, so as to unite the changes which philology has suggested, with those which the comparison of languages has taught.
The publisher has had this aim in view in the Series of Foreign Grammars which has been issued under the title of
FEANZ THIMM'S Series of Classical, European and Oriental Grammars
after an easy and improved method.
These Grammars combine Theory with Practice, and
follow the ideas which eminent men have adopted, as to the
clearest and most rational method of teaching languages.
On these valuable principles the following grammars
have been published :
for the German Language by MEISSNEE. - - French by AHN.
- Italian v • • by MAECHETTI.
- Spanish - by SALVO.
- Portuguese - by CABANO.
- Danish - by LUND.
- Swedish by LENSTEOM.
M128662
— VI —
for the Dutch Language by AHN.
- Russian by ALEXANDEOW.
- ModernGreek- by VLACHOS.
- Icelandic by BASK.
- Latin by SEEDENSTUCKEE.
- Hebrew - by HEEXHEIMEE. But for the
Oriental Series
principally intended as a Dragoman for travellers, a new plan had to be devised, as all Eastern Languages offer great difficulties to learners in consequence of their written charac- ters.
All Oriental Grammars hitherto published have been for the learned, nothing has been done for the general Public, and for them this Series is intended.
That it shall be possible for any one to take up the study of an eastern language without a master has been the editor's ruling idea, and: on this principle will be issued the Grammars for the Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Hindos- tanee and other Eastern Languages.
INDEX.
First Course.
Page
The Pronunciation 1
The Alphabet 1
Vowels and orthographical Signs . . 4
The pronunciation of the letters 6
Remark to the student 7
Pronunciation of the letters 9
Part I.
Vocabulary and Exercises • . . • . . 17
For the pronunciation of letters 17 — 46
Part II.
Introduction to the grammatical form 47
The article 47
The substantive 47
Declension of the noun 48
The adjective . 55
Comparisons of adjectives 55
Formation of adjectives 55
Numerals 58
1. Cardinal numbers 58
2. Ordinal numbers 60
3. Fractional numbers 61
4. Distributive numbers 61
Pronouns 62
1. Personal Pronouns 62
2. Possessive Pronouns 63
Specimens of Declension with possessive affixes ... 65
3. Demonstrative Pronouns 67
4. Relative Pronouns 67
5. Interrogative Pronouns 68
6. Indefinite Pronouns . 69
— VIII —
Page
The Verb 70
Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verbs 73
Conjugation of the Impersonal Verbs 79
Conjugation of regular Verbs 83
Conjugation of a negative Verb 91
Adverbs 95
Postpositions 100
Conjunctions 101
Interjections 102
A few practical Phrases 103
Practical English and Turkish Dictionary 111—137
Coins used in Turkey 137
TURKISH LANGUAGE
FIEST COURSE
THE PRONUNCIATION.
THE ALPHABET.
The Turkish Alphabet is composed of the 33 following letters represented by 17 primitive letters only; all of which are written, like most Eastern languages, from the right hand to the left. Each letter assumes a different form, according to its position at the beginning, middle or end of the words.
The following characters are written 1. when totally unconnected with any other letter. 2. when at the end of a word, or joined only to the letter preceding. 3. when connected with the preceding and following letters. 4. when at the beginning of a word, or joined only to the letter following.
Turkish Grammar.
— 2 —
|
Name. |
Form of Letters. |
Pronunciation. |
|||||
|
Uncon- nected Cha- racters. |
Joi Final Con- nected Pre- ceding only. |
ied to le Middle Con- nected or Pre- ceding and fol- 1 lowing. |
tter. Initial or fol- lowing only. |
Primitive Letters. |
|||
|
Alif |
1 |
I |
• |
1 |
a, e, i — a very soft sound |
||
|
— never joined to let- |
|||||||
|
Bay soft |
V |
*• |
A |
J |
»-» |
b bay. [ters following. |
|
|
Pay hard |
V |
V |
* |
f |
P pay. |
||
|
Tay s. |
* |
0, |
A |
J |
t tay. |
||
|
Say s. |
*, |
* |
A |
j |
s ss like the french g. |
||
|
Djim s. |
c |
£ |
1 |
gj |
C |
dj dch. |
• |
|
Tchim h. |
>>. |
^ |
£ |
t tch — hard. |
|||
|
£ |
£ |
V |
V |
||||
|
Hah h. |
c |
t |
*v |
- |
h hah — strong h. |
||
|
Khay h. |
t |
e |
*! |
1 |
kh — like chin the scotch word loch, or ger- |
||
|
Dal s. |
* |
& |
|
|
'» |
d — day -soft, [man ch. |
|
|
Dsal s. |
b |
tX |
— - |
|
z, ds — soft like the |
I |
|
|
french z in zele |
«? |
||||||
|
Ray s. |
) |
// |
|
|
) |
r err |
oined to |
|
Zay s. |
) |
> |
|
|
z soft, as z in zero |
1 |
|
|
g |
|||||||
|
Je h. |
* |
i |
|
|
j like the french j in |
0* |
|
|
jour |
5' OK; |
||||||
|
Sin s. |
U" |
U* ^ |
*» (^ |
s sharp ss. |
|
Name. |
Form of Letters. |
Pronunciation. |
||||
|
Uncon- nected Cha- racters. |
Joit Final Con- nected Pre- ceding only. |
ied to let Middle Con- nected or Pre- ceding and fol- lowing. |
ter. Initial or fol- lowing only. |
Primitive letters. |
||
|
Chin h. |
$ |
A |
.w. |
A •US |
ch, sh. |
|
|
Sad h. |
£ |
U* |
i* |
» |
u» |
ss, sharp. |
|
Dhad s. |
U* |
^ |
4 |
^ |
z, a soft s. |
|
|
Tay h. |
Jb |
k |
k |
L- |
Jb |
t, hard. |
|
Tsay h. (shay) |
Jb |
J!L |
Ja |
« |
z, dzee, hard. |
|
|
Aine s. |
£ |
, |
X |
e |
£ |
a soft guttural, like |
|
i |
w |
** |
W |
ah, eh, ee, o. |
||
|
! Ghine h. |
£ |
i. |
X |
* |
g, hard guttural like gh. |
|
|
Fay |
0 |
a |
A |
i |
O |
f. |
|
Kaf h. |
0 |
c> |
A |
3 |
c, k, kah — hard. |
|
|
Keef s. |
d |
4, |
x: |
s |
vJ |
k, kah — soft. |
|
Gef(Guief) |
. |
, ' |
^ |
r |
||
|
adjaymees. |
' |
|||||
|
i Saghir |
^ |
£ |
£ |
$ |
n — nasal. |
|
|
noon h. |
||||||
|
Lam s. |
J |
J> |
JL |
! |
J |
1. |
|
Mini s. |
r |
r |
* |
JO |
r |
m. |
|
Noon s. |
u |
u- |
JL |
^ |
u |
n — soft. |
|
Form of Letters. |
||||||
|
Joined to letter. |
£ |
|||||
|
Name. |
Uncon- nected |
Final Con- |
Middle Con- nected |
Initial |
1 |
Pronunciation. |
|
Cha- racters. |
nected Pre- ceding |
or Pre- ceding and fol- |
or fol- lowing |
a |
||
|
only. |
lowing. |
only. gj |
||||
|
Vav s. |
j |
J |
|
|
v, o, u in the middle and |
|
|
at the end of words it |
||||||
|
Hay, He s. |
S |
X, |
* |
& |
5 |
h, ah— soft, [sounds like |
|
[o, oo, o. |
||||||
|
^e, Ye s. |
^ |
A |
.> |
^ |
soft j, i, y middle and |
|
|
final like ee. |
||||||
|
Lani-Alif |
y |
^X |
|
|
is composed of J lam |
|
|
and | alif. |
The following letters never connect themselves with the next.
I (Alif) o (Dal) b (Dsal) ; (Ray) } (Zay) - (Je) and j (Vav) as:
^\ zor, the power — *j J ahrpah, the oats, — J<> dahr, narrow ^ota dahdee, the governess — (S^* kahree, the wife.
VOWELS AND OETHO GRAPHICAL SIGNS.
The Turks use three signs to express vowels, which are
placed either ahove or below the Consonants, namely:
( " ) iistiin (over) an ohlique line over the consonant,
represents ah or a, the pronunciation of ah is used
with hard consonants, a with soft consonants,
as: Jj- (kah) ^ (bay) ^JU (kahlb) the heart — ^J (balah) the misery.
("7~) (ezray) an oblique line under the consonant, repre- sents ee (kee) ^> (bee) y&jj (kees) the winter.
( ' ) (uturu) over the consonant, represents the sound of o or oo with hard consonants, or 6 or ii with soft
consonants as: ^ (po or poo) \ (zo or zii) j^jj (puss) foggy.
The Accent of the Turkish word is always on the last syllable, if the word be lengthened the accent changes also, thus:
kitab, the book, kitabda, in the book.
The following signs to regulate the Turkish pronun- ciation occur only in arabic words:
( * ) iki iistiin for an or en.
(— ) iki esre for in.
( G ) iki otiirii for an or un.
(_!_) gegm, denotes that after the consonant on which it
stands, the vowel is not pronounced. (._!!_) tesdid, denotes the doubling of the consonant over
which it is placed, but this occurs only in arabic
words.
(jr_) meddelif or medda, stands over the Alif, if it be pro-
nounced as a pure ah. (_±.) hamze or hamzelif, stands over the Alif if it be pro-
nounced like ay-ay, if it stands over ^, it is pro-
nounced ii.
_±) vasl, stands over the 1, if it belongs to the arabic Article al, in which case the 1 is dropped and the next letter is doubly pronounced.
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.
The Turks have adopted the Arabic letters, but they pronounce them much softer and with more harmony of sound. The Alphabet consists of 28 arabic, four persian characters, and only one purely turkish, the Sageer
noon ig>.
For the purpose of giving adequate sounds of the turkish pronunciation, we have been obliged to adopt in this little book for Self-tuition, certain rules of sounding letters,, which the student must continually bear in mind, for the english letters are not pliable^enough for the soft sound of eastern pronunciation; but with the assistance of some french and german letters a close and correct sound of the real turkish pronunciation is ob- tained.
The following are the rules adopted:
%. a pure a like the a in father as: ot (at)
the horse — M ara, the center, middle.
F\ - /r\
c for a hard(^ch)like ch in c^in, with a(^V)sound as v*Ls&£».
(ceecek) the flower — ^f — gee, late. $ like the french^s^, ch for (ghjsound, or sometimes soft like the german ch.
e or e for the pureT^sound, like the french and german e.
g for the (JdsS^) sound.
h is always pronounced as^ in horse.
I for ^e/ like a french or german i — i long ee — i like
two e — e. j gr y to be pronounced like y in yes — ji sounds like
V_ x"*
dshee.
s stands for. a hardfsh J
u stands for the(po^)sound, as in the word "moon."
ii must be pronounced like the german to. jDr the french
u in fut. o is pronounced like the germanl^o ybr the french eu in
the word ufeu» The other english letters are pronounced purely.
REMABK TO THE STUDENT.
The Turkish Language is a mixture of Arabic and Persian, yet so beautifully constructed that a celebrated Orientalist said of it "one might imagine it to be the result of the deliberations of some eminent society of learned men."
It is spoken and written not only by all the Turkish Authorities at Constantinople and over the Ottoman Em- pire, but by all educated persons in Syria, in Egypt, at Tunis and at Tripoli, it is moreover the language of the
People in the southern Provinces of Asiatic-Russia and of Turkistan.
The Turkish letters appear at first sight very puzzling and difficult to an English eye, we would therefore ad- vise those who wish to learn the Turkish Language quickly to copy each letter several times attentively; not all the letters at once but three or four at a tiihe. It will surprise the learner how soon he will understand each letter in its various positions. The 17 primitive forms can soon be acquired. Having once mastered the Turkish Alphabet, he has also mastered that of the Arabic, Persian and Hindustani, and has thus made a considerable inroad into the Eastern Languages.
The beginner will do well to learn as many turkish words as he can by sound only, as a child expresses it- self before it knows the letters; this will greatly facilitate the difficult reading and combination of the turkish letters, and for this purpose the "English, French, Turkish and Russian" Vocabulary, printed by the Publisher of this Grammar, will be a valuable aid to the study and self- tuition of the Turkish Language, and will be a convenient travelling companion.
9 —
PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.
t Elif has no fixed sound, it being variously pronounced a, e, i, u, as :
|
man, civil, |
4* |
adem. edeb. |
|
distant, hope, |
J';l Joo! |
irak. umid. |
|
When followed t forest, |
ly . vav, it takes the |
sound of o, u, o; as :• or man. |
|
far, |
07? |
uzac. |
|
to die, |
^j}\ |
olmek. |
|
v_j Be is pronounced as b in english. |
||
|
gunpowder, five, |
u^ |
baroot. besh. |
At the end of words, and preceding or following one
— .
of the letters ^i) pronounced p.
<_> P^ has the sound of the english p. Pasha, money,
^ Te is pronounced like the english t. musket, tobacco,
It often changes to jugations.
often
pasha, para.
tufenk. tutun.
, in the declensions and con-
10 —
£> Se is pronounced like the english s.
a dress, i*_>!.-$'l esvab.
turkish, (Jol+ie. ^osmanli.
^ Djim is pronounced like the english j.
soul, ^L^. djdn.
sword, ^Jo killdj.
When following one of the before named consonants, it changes to _ tchin.
-. Tchin is pronounced like, ch, in the word, cherry.
fountain, much,
tcheshmeh. tehiok.
Ha requires a strong aspiration of the h.
female apart- ments, doctor, bath,
harem.
hekim. hamdm.
±, Khay has the sound of the german ch, or the scotch word "loch".
unwell, aCCu^a. khdstd.
lady, |V->L&. khdnum.
t> Dal is pronounced like the english d.
enemy, \j+&& dushmen.
bed, dL&.O doshek.
It takes the sound of £, following one of the previously named consonants.
— 11 —
O Zal has the sound of the english Z. blame, *6
, Ray is pronounced like the english r.
repose, continent,
Zay has the same sound as the & zal.
prison,
zem.
rdhat. card.
zmdan.
* Je has a softer sound then d/£w, being pronounced like, j in the french word jour, the letter is rarely used, numerous. | oyj /er/.
y* 5m is pronounced like ss, in the word, Mss. the voice, U^-w sm.
sultan, jjltaJLv sultan.
palace, ,cl^« 5er«F.
has the sound of the english sh.
sherab. bakhshish.
_Mv*CO
f^ Shm,
wine, gift, beer money,
jo Sad, is similar to y* sin. morning, banker, water,
sdbdh. sdrdf. sit.
o fihad, sometimes Zdd is pronounced like v zdy.
ready,
hdzir.
12 —
Jo Tay has the sound of the english t. parrot, ^Js^Jo
earth, ^jLjJb
Jo Tfcfly is pronounced like the 3 zal.
cruel,
victory,
opinion,
tutu, toprac.
zalitn. zefer. zdn.
c Am; the pronunciation of this letter by the Turks and Arabs, is difficult to acquire; it generally produces a slight suspension of the voice, or sounds like a double vowel, it will be denoted by an apostrophe.
arab, life,
'drab. 'eumr.
c Ghain; requires a guttural articulation of gh.
stranger, master,
U!
gharib.
ay ha.
/£ has the sound of the english /.
poor,
gentleman,
fakir, efendy.
x ##/! corresponds to c, or ^r, in the word cake.
brother, spoon,
ii*vO
cardash. cashic.
In the declensions and conjugations it changes into d ghain.
J Kief is pronounced, like k in english, with a slight
— 13 —
articulation of an i, following it; it presents in reading more difficulties than any other Turkish letter.
kiaghid.
kiaftr.
paper, infidel,
<£ Guief, takes the sound of gui in the word guild; it differs from the preceding letter, by three additional points only, which the Turks however rarely use.
handsome, rose,
guiuzel, guiul.
In the middle or at the end of a word, it has the sound of ?/, as <j*S^c> duyiin, wedding, ^o bei, prince.
<£ Saghir noon (or deaf noon), is pronounced with a nasal sound, like the french n, in the words, non, son; it is a sign of the genitive case, or pronoun in the second person singular.
the sea, yTt> deniz.
of the rose, (J&f Qulun.
J Lam, is pronounced like the english /.
pen, jjli* calem.
condition, ^ JL^ Ml.
* Mm, is pronounced like the english m.
scissors, ^jo\Js.A micrds.
letter, ^ycX^o mekttib.
i* Noon, is pronounced like n in english.
wide, jJ^I inlu.
yesterday, *.t> dun.
14 —
^ Vav, takes the sound of v, o, u, in the middle and at the end of words it sounds like, 0, u, 0.
to find,
good,
tinder,
"bulmak.
eiu.
kav.
s He, is a softly aspirated h, at the end of words, it is pronounced eh or ah.
weather, !yo havah
in the house,
evdeh.
the heart, a, one,
^ Je, Ye, sounds like t/, in the english word yes ; in the middle or at the end, it is pronounced like i or y.
yurek. bin.
Mf is composed of the two letters J lam and I elif, and is pronounced, Id.
tulip, ajy laleh.
closet, i^^«t> doldb.
— 15 —
VOWELS MIXED WITH CONSONANTS.
|
*r |
e |
| i |
> 1 |
U. |
i he |
, - > # In ^ |
hii. |
|
v |
be |
v bi |
> |
bu. |
V P^ |
> LJ PI V^ *• -*• *• |
pu. |
|
i |
te |
v^> tl |
0 |
tu. |
^£> se |
^ Si vi> |
sii. |
|
c |
dje |
s: ^ |
> C |
dju. |
" tche |
_. tchi l— |
tchii |
|
c |
ha |
C.H |
j C |
hu. |
t gha |
c ghi t |
gWL |
|
3 |
de |
0 di |
i |
du. |
j ze |
6 zi 6 |
zii. |
|
; |
re |
^ rl |
; |
ru. |
v ze |
; zi 5 |
zii. |
|
^ |
j |
^ |
j |
||||
|
j> |
je |
J J"1 |
j |
Ju- |
\ ijw S(3 |
(J* SI jjw |
sii. |
|
L* |
she |
JA» shi |
j |
shu. |
Jo sa |
> 1 JO ^1 1 JO |
sii. |
|
yi |
zha |
^ zhi |
^ |
zhu. |
lo tha |
^> thi ij |
thu. |
|
1 |
zha |
jb zhi ^ |
? Jb |
zhu. |
c aa |
e ! e |
u. |
|
d |
gha |
i ^ |
> 6 |
ghu. |
J f e |
• |
fii. |
|
j |
ka |
(j ki |
9 |
ku. |
<& ke |
> ^i) ki <i) |
kii. |
|
x |
^ |
y |
^ |
. '. |
|||
|
.•• |
_ |
*• . _ |
*' |
- i: |
.*• |
§ |
|
|
^ |
ne |
<^5 ni |
(g |
nu. |
<£T gue |
tf gui <£ |
guiii |
|
j |
le |
j H |
j |
lii. |
Jl me |
* mi x» |
mii. |
|
c> |
ne |
o ni |
J> |
nil. |
5 ve |
! vi ^ |
vii. |
|
^ |
) |
— 16 —
These syllables are spelt in the following manner. Elif ustun, e; elif esreh i; elif uturu u. E, i, u.
Be ustun, be; be esreh, bt; be uturu bu. Be, bi, bu.
Djim ustun, dje; djim esreh, djl; djim uturu dju. Dje, djl, dju. Ha ustun, Ha; ha esreh, hi; ha uturu, hu. Ha, hi, hu. Kha ustun, kha; kha esreh, khl; kha uturu, khii. Kha,khi,khii. Dal ustun, de; dal esreh, dl; dal uturu, du. De, dl, du. Zal ustun, ze; zal esreh, zl; zal uturu, zfi. Ze, zi, zii. &c. &c.
PAET I. VOCABULARY, AND EXERCISES
FOB THE PRONUNCIATION OF LETTEKS.
The Turkish Language has neither a definite article nor a gender. A definite idea is expressed by placing the substantive in the accusative case. The indefinite article however is o bir, one, a, an.
THE SPIRITUAL WORLD.
God,
the sky. — heaven,
the earth,
paradise,
hell,
the angel,
the devil,
purgatory,
the Apostle,
ut
>~
allah*)
geeuk.
yerr.
djennet.
djehennem.
mdylek.
sh$tdn.
drdf.
recoul.
*) The h when it occurs is always to be pronounced.
Turkish Grammar. 2
— 18 —
|
THE WORLD AND ITS ELEMENTS. |
||
|
t ii |
||
|
The world, |
Lo4 |
dunyah. &^nu&^ |
|
the life, |
7** |
•*• omr. cryrt<t-Lsis |
|
the death, |
Jjt |
Olilm. {J~^L^yy^ |
|
the sun, |
\f*£ |
gunesh. |
|
the moon, |
g\ |
dee. |
|
the star, |
)^r> |
yilditz. |
|
the planet, |
»;CL |
seldrdy. |
|
the comet, |
vjJb J^vJjJ |
quiruqll yilditz. |
|
the air, |
ly. |
hdvd. |
|
the water, |
r° |
ZU. ^&J^^^ |
|
the fire, |
A^T |
dtesh. |
|
the earth, spring, |
"52 |
toprdck. UbhM**<^ behdr. |
|
summer, |
Y*^ |
iats. |
|
autumn, |
>L ff^ (j> *~\o |
son behdr. /? |
|
winter, |
*'*i' |
kish. l&<~4 |
|
y** |
} |
|
|
light, |
^jjjjol |
aidinlik. |
|
the rainbow. |
&4.£.l— O |
sdghmah. |
|
the clouds, |
yb^Jb |
bulutler. ^ |
|
rain, |
;^**^. |
ydghmur . ty&Q *nu\ |
|
hail, |
. f- IP |
tulu. |
|
snow, |
xU |
car. |
|
frost, |
^ly |
kiraghu. |
|
ice. |
1^3 |
buz. |
|
thaw, |
cs^ ^;';^ |
buz erimesy. |
|
dew, |
x^ |
tchih. |
|
a fog, |
^uyL |
tumdn. G/U^/rnA** I |
|
an earthquake, |
"W |
zelzeleh. |
— 19 —
thunder, lightning, a tempest, heat, cold,
wind,
iyldirim*
shimshek.
tufan.
issidjac.
sunk.
ruzguiar.
THE EARTH.
The earth,
the continent,
the island,
the peninsula,
the isthmus,
the headland,
the gulf,
the port,
the roadstead,
the ocean,
the sea,
the Mediterranean,
the Black Sea,
the Caspian Sea,
the lake,
the river,
the stream,
the brook,
the torrent,
the spring,
drs.
/card.
ddhd.
mm gesire.
derbend.
burun.
korfes.
limdn.
wrl.
dkidnos.
denitz.
dk denitz.
/card denitz.
Mhr ul-hdser.
guol.
nehr.
tcd'i.
djuice.
zeiL
cechme. 2*
— 20 —
the mouth of the
river, the bank, the mountain, the hill, the valley, the plain, the forest, the desert, the meadow,
sddji'dt.
mil — kendr.
ddgh.
Mir — tepe.
dere — vddi.
ova — idts.
or man.
col.
cd'ir.
METAI/S AND MINEEALS.
Metals and minerals, gold, silver, bronze, copper, ead, tin, iron,
quicksilver, sulphur, antimony,
arsenc
edjsai md'deniie.
dltun.
gumush.
pirmdch.
backiir.
kurshun.
kdlai.
demir.
djwd — sibik.
kibrit.
rdstik.
sitshdn oti.
THE MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK &c.
January, ^jU ^j& kanooni zani.
February, ^Lxx« shuMt.
March, c^\Lo mart.
— 21 —
|
April, |
^LwUU |
neecdn. |
|
May, |
(j*oLo |
metis. |
|
June, |
u'r^ |
hdtseerdn. |
|
July, |
)r*J |
temoots. |
|
August, |
u*y^T |
dghostos. |
|
September, |
JjJb! |
illool. |
|
October, |
J^t ^v&S |
teshrm-i-evvel. |
|
November, |
^U ^~£o |
teslirin-i-zanee. |
|
December, |
Jjt ^jjfc' |
kdnun-i-evvel. |
|
Sunday, |
^^TslvL |
batzdr gunu. |
|
Monday, |
<5*ojj| ;t)b |
Mtzctr ertdyzee. |
|
Tuesday, |
jLo |
zalee. |
|
Wednesday, |
• auJL&;L$a. |
cdrshembe. |
|
Thursday, |
iuJLc^sUj |
pendshembe. |
|
Friday, |
J^J |
djumd. |
|
Saturday, |
^^^1 iUL*.^ |
djumd ertdyzee. |
|
a year, |
*J^ |
sene. |
|
an epoch, |
d*) |
semdn. |
|
a date, |
'j>l.)^ |
tdrukh. |
|
eternity, |
&J |
eslnet. |
THE TIME.
|
The day, |
^ |
gun. |
|
the night, |
**\f |
gedje. |
|
morning, |
El 4.0 |
zdbdH. |
|
evening, |
1 |
dkhcdm. |
|
noon, |
KJb.t |
oile. |
|
midnight, |
*?^n^ |
jdrim gedje. |
99
Jpw
at midnight,
yesterday evening,
the afternoon,
night and day,
sunrise,
sunset,
an hour,
half an hour,
a minute,
beginning,
middle,
end,
today,
yesterday,
the day before yes- terday,
tomorrow,
/•
*\
dun jaricinde.
diin dkhcdm.
ikindi.
gedje ve gundus.
gun dhoghucu.
gun bdttci.
btr sd'dt.
jdrim sd'dt.
ddkikd.
tbttdd.
ortd.
nihdjet.
bu guiun.
diin.
o bir guiun.
yarin.
AND RELATIONS.
Man,
the woman, Sir (Mr.), Madam (Mrs.), the father, the mother, the brother, the sister,
the uncle, the aunt,
dddm.
carl.
-_*•- j- efendi.
khdmm.
peder.
valide.
kdrddsh — btradir,
kiitz kdrddsh —
hemshire. dmdjd. khald.
— 23 —
the parents, the son, the daughter, the child, the boy, the girl, the youth, the maiden, infancy, youth,
age,
an old man,
'f
dkrabalar.
off hi — evldd.
kutz.
codshook.
bekidr.
bikr.
oglan.
kutz.
codjuklik.
gilnedjUk.
whtijdrlik.
kodjalik.
ichtijdr — kodja,
THE BODY.
|
The limb, |
y*L£, |
uzef. |
|
the forehead, |
^\ |
dim. |
|
the skull, |
^Lb j^L |
bach thacl. |
|
the face, |
)t* |
iutz. |
|
the eyes, |
)^ |
ffiiitz. |
|
the eyebrows, |
ijte |
kdsh. |
|
the eye-lash, |
&*ff |
kirpik. |
|
the head, |
jib |
bdsh.f |
|
the hair, |
r^° |
sdtch. |
|
the nose, |
o)y* |
boroon — burn. |
|
the mouth, |
1^ |
dgJiitz. |
|
the teeth, |
JUO(> - |
dischler. |
|
the neck, |
ch'r3 |
bojoun. |
|
the hands, |
rLi |
eller* |
— 24 —
the heart, the stomach, the foot, the ears, the cheeks, the tongue, the palate, the lips, the chin, the shoulders, the chest, the elbow, the arm, the finger, the nails, the knee, the blood, a vein, an artery, a nerve, a muscle.
the soul,
the spirit,
intelligence,
reason,
good sense,
memory,
wisdom,
sjuuo
p&*
MENTAL FACULTIES.
yurek.
meede.
djdk.
kolackldr.
jdndkldr.
dill.
dimdgh.
doddk.
chayne.
omuz.
giojus.
dirsek.
koll
pdrmdck.
tirndck.
dltz.
kdn.
dhdmdr.
sdh dhdmdr.
ziriir.
zinirll et.
djan.
ziihn.
dkl.
khured — hush.
hushimendi.
hufz.
hukmet.
— 25 —
|
prudence, |
CJvAA^J |
bacured. |
|
goodness, |
i |
(home! good) ejltk. |
|
modesty, |
^L^: |
hiid/db. |
|
piety, |
S |
merhdmet. |
|
mercy, |
rdhmet. |
|
|
justice, |
s |
dddlet. |
|
discretion, |
^jp*-A^O« t |
usluluk. |
|
sweetness, |
^£jLt&f*j |
idvacliik. |
|
confidence, |
o\^\ |
itimdd. |
|
experience, |
SL>f£ |
tedjribe. |
|
intrepidity, |
) |
djecdret. |
|
courage, |
ghdiret. |
|
|
love, |
(jAe |
ask. |
|
hatred, |
(J^fr — u*r^ |
ghdrds — keen. |
|
anger, |
^jJbjixb |
darghunluk. |
|
pride, |
(d^jjtc |
mdghrurluk. |
|
desire, |
i j |
drsu. |
|
hope, |
Juyol |
umid. |
|
j°y> |
jjJoLo |
shdshluk. |
|
grief, |
^ |
kacafoet. |
|
pain, |
(J! |
elem. |
|
fear, |
« v |
korku. |
|
fright, |
J^J |
rd'b. |
|
despair, |
V^AJywwiXAvo! |
umidzisllk. |
|
tranquillity, |
VSfcdfcfj |
rdhdt. |
|
will, |
/ |
irddet. |
|
folly, |
dULJo |
delffik. |
|
suspicion, |
^s^ |
shubhe. |
|
envy, |
<x^^ |
hdsed. |
|
shame, |
(jJU^b.l |
utdnmdkluk. |
— 26
IMPERFECTIONS AND DISEASES OF THE BODY.
|
blind, |
))^ |
^or. |
|
lame, |
Jbjfc |
topal. |
|
maimed, |
O^W |
tchollac. |
|
deaf, |
jiLs |
scighir. |
|
dumb, |
y*Ja |
dilsitz. |
|
illness, |
dUaJuA^ |
khdstalik. |
|
fever, |
U=* |
hitmd. |
|
ague, |
**Ju* |
sitmah. |
|
plague, |
(J^r^ |
jumrudjac. |
|
colic, |
^soLo |
sdndji. |
|
dysentery, |
(S^T*1 ^ |
itch dghrissi. |
|
gout, |
yp^. |
nikriz. |
|
asthma, |
^1*^ ^-b |
tek nefeslu. |
|
apoplexy, |
iJUb |
ddmlah. |
|
small pox, |
L-*JLi<vt*'»^ V V |
tcldtchek. |
|
jaundice, |
I&jo\w0 |
sdrilik. |
|
measles, |
L3^ 'V* |
kizdmdc. |
|
consumption, |
r;^ |
verim. |
|
inflammation, |
aJ\U |
ndzileh. |
|
a cold, |
H| |
zukiam. |
|
tooth-ache, |
dish aghrisi. |
|
|
head-ache, |
^^jUt jib |
bash aghrisi. |
|
laughing, |
&J^ |
gulme. |
|
tears, |
^&L v^5" |
gilds jdchi. |
|
respiration, |
(j^Ai |
nefes. |
|
sighing, |
5? |
ah. |
|
sneezing, |
My«Jf| |
dksirmd. |
sleep,
idleness,
forgetfulness,
dUUUs
ojuku.
tenbellik.
unutma.
DRESS.
The coat, the shoes, the watch, the shirt, the stockings, the trousers, the waist-coat, the drawers, trousers of the
turkish ladies, the dress, the frock-coat, the hat, the bonnet, the red cap, the turban, the cloak, the slippers, the boots, linen, cloth,
the handkerchief, gloves, the shawl,
ju
zeln.
kundiira.
zcihdt.
gwmlek.
cdrdb.
pdntdlon.
jelek.
don.
cmtidn.
libas — urba.
djubbe.
cdpkd.
kdlpdk.
fez.
kdvuk — zdrik.
ferddje — kdpoth.
pdpuc.
citsme.
cdmdchir.
bez.
mendeel.
eldiven.
shdL
— 28 —
|
the dress, |
^VJUi |
kaftan. |
|
the petticoat, |
uUcuo |
fist an. |
|
the apron, |
*jy |
futd. |
|
velvet, |
&A*k3 |
kadife. |
|
cloth, |
2t3f£* |
cohd. |
|
bed clothes, |
OU*sll |
cdrchdf. |
|
wool, |
^ |
jun. |
|
silk, |
viJLo! |
ipek. |
|
the comb, |
jflJb |
thdrdk. |
|
the razor, |
5*JU*jl |
us turd. |
|
the button, |
**A |
dujme. |
|
HOUSE AND FURNITURE. |
||
|
The house, |
>| |
ev. |
|
the door, |
y& |
kapu. — kdpe. |
|
the key, |
\ v<^*^V3 1 |
andchtdr. |
|
the stairs, |
«Lj O v-3 |
merdiven. |
|
the room, |
Jtb^l |
odhd. — odd. |
|
the window, |
57^4. |
pengere. |
|
the chair, |
jd»^M.t |
iskemle. |
|
the table, |
S^w. |
zdfrd. |
|
the bed, |
^•Ucj |
jdtdk. |
|
the candle, |
ryo |
mum. |
|
the kitchen, |
^H^ |
methbdkh. |
|
the well, |
^ |
kuju. |
|
the garden, |
V |
bdgtce. |
|
the roof, |
j»!i>— -.^gA^I ^1 |
ef ustl — dam. |
|
the wall, |
;W-i> |
divdr. |
|
the chimney, |
.vLJ.I |
ogdk. |
— 29 —
the terrace,
the chest of drawers,
the wardrobe,
sideboard,
the larder,
the carpet,
the sofa,
the rug,
the mattress,
cushion,
the straw-mattress, tapestry, the clock, the curtain, the picture, the bellows, the scissors, the salt-cellar, the water-bottle, the glass, the bottle, the cup, the towel, the lock, the pin, the needle,
|
u'^' |
eivdn. |
|
0."^$ |
doldb. esvdb khdsmeci |
|
15 ^v .£ |
sofrd dolabi. kildr. kali. |
|
va^jS |
kerevet. |
|
^ |
jorghdn. minder. |
|
^jJbUo |
sdmdnluk. |
|
(. %f % |
zdr. |
|
*** ) |
cdldr sd'dt. perde. tdsvir. |
|
"d)yf |
koruk. |
|
uoty^ |
mikrdz. |
|
.U ;y> |
tuz kdbi. |
|
jjoo! |
ibruk. |
|
aL^xo |
kddeh. chzche. |
|
205! |
fmdjdn. peskir. kdfl. thopluk. ikne. |
— 30
|
THE TABLE AND NUTEIMENTS. |
||
|
The breakfast, |
ts*'1 M* |
kahvalti. |
|
the dinner, |
(jJL^I — rL*io |
thadm — w/ew- |
|
15^ |
jemeji. |
|
|
the supper, |
^jc+j piLu |
dksdm jemeji. |
|
the table, |
5 yAj\A/ |
sofra. |
|
a dish, |
^jLJb |
thdbdk. |
|
a plate, |
ijUa. |
cdndk. |
|
a spoon, |
(JfJbUi |
kdshiik. |
|
a fork, |
JU^ |
cdtdl. |
|
a knife, |
jjLgu |
bicdk. |
|
a napkin, |
wOCxLo |
pechkir. |
|
nutriments, food, |
sil^UO |
jejegek. |
|
bread, |
viusi |
ekmek. |
|
meat, |
^>1 |
et. |
|
bouillon, |
(5^r°°' |
et swii. |
|
soup, |
L?;^ |
corbd. |
|
boiled meat, |
u^y^ |
sdjiis. |
|
roast meat, |
^JuS' |
kebab. |
|
beef, |
•_Sl *JLuo |
sighir eti — |
|
aiJUiL |
hdchldmd. |
|
|
mutton, |
C55' U^' |
kojun eti. |
|
veal, |
^1 ^1)^? |
busdghu eti. |
|
lamb, |
C5-5'' ^r5 |
kusu eti. |
|
calves-head, |
^b^t^ |
busdghu bdchl. |
|
tongue, |
ij.13 OLA.O |
sighir dili. |
|
chicken, |
^s^-b |
pilidj. |
|
fish, |
^JL |
Mlik. |
|
pudding, |
u^ |
g uioden. |
|
sausage, |
XLJO..J — ,5^^ |
sudjuk — bumbdr |
— 31
|
pie, |
4)9* |
~borek. |
|
salad, |
x£L0 |
sdldtd. |
|
cheese, |
jjUUu |
peinir. |
|
butter,* |
£.0 x.V C5> ** j |
tere jdghi. |
|
sauce, |
f^W&OyJ r»l *_Y* |
id' dm terliieci |
|
sugar, |
jCco |
cheker. |
|
honey, |
JL |
Ml. |
|
milk, |
*y» |
sud. |
|
cream, |
(3+** |
kdimdk. |
|
oil, |
^fcL jjjfcjv |
seitm idgln. |
|
vinegar, |
*j==,y« |
zirke. |
|
mustard, |
Jby^ |
khdrddl. |
|
salt, |
)& |
tutz. |
|
pepper, wine, |
h V'r-^ |
Mber. ~sdrab. |
|
brandy, |
^7^ |
rdkl. |
|
tea, |
(5^ |
tchai. |
|
coffee, |
5^5 |
cahveh. |
|
the dessert, |
)T^ |
ceres. |
|
water, |
r° |
su. |
|
beer, |
^AflUt |
arpasui. |
|
sugar and water, |
OOj-CO |
sherbet. |
|
lemonade, |
^b^' |
elimunatah. |
|
DEMANDS. |
||
|
Some bread, |
»iU! |
ekmek. |
|
some water, |
r° |
sit. |
|
some cheese, |
rHSf. |
peinir. |
|
some eggs, |
*b)r*. |
jumurtd. |
|
some meat, |
vail |
et. |
— 32 —
some fish, some wine, some beer, some butter, some tea,
batik.
sdrab.
drpd suyou — btra.
say jdghi—jdgh.
cdj.
VEGETABLES.
|
The herb, |
lS>j1 |
0^. |
|
the carrot, |
r^ |
hdvug. |
|
the turnip, |
J3UI& |
chdlgdm. |
|
the leek, |
*~1ji |
prdpd. |
|
the radish, |
turp. |
|
|
cabbage, |
ioi |
Idhdnd. |
|
cauliflower, |
ooly |
karnabit. |
|
onions, |
u^r° |
zoghdn. |
|
garlic, |
^jLwAX^-O |
zdrimsdk. 7 — 7_ 7 — |
|
asparagus, |
Y*"j^ u"?* |
kuch konmas |
|
artichoke, |
xLjJot |
engmdr. |
|
lettuce, |
J.xLx> |
mdrul. |
|
celery, |
)>£ |
kirlvis. |
|
parsley, |
U-yJobo |
mdgMdnos. |
|
cucumber, |
.L*. |
khyjdr. |
|
spinach, |
(jjLv^l |
ispdndk. |
|
gourd, |
. jM |
kabak. |
|
rice, |
/jp-y. |
pirlng. |
|
caper, |
s^J" |
gebere. |
|
mushroom, |
oOx> |
mdntdr. |
|
the white bean, |
LJ^U |
fdculid. |
|
beans, |
L^r^ |
lotyd. |
33
|
peas, |
*^H |
piselia. |
|
lentils, |
viJU^v* |
merdjimek. |
|
cresses, |
sJ>* |
,- 3L tere. |
|
corn, |
i^tJou |
boghddl |
|
rye, |
;^;L^ |
cidvddr. |
|
barley, |
*&l |
drpd. |
|
oats, |
oiLj |
juldf. |
|
hay, |
ijj^l |
otluk. |
|
straw, |
^U-o |
sdmdn. |
|
flour, |
«l |
oun. |
FEU1TS.
The apple, the pear, peach, apricot, melon, water melon,
fig,
grape,
almond,
raspberry,
mulberry,
orange,
lemon,
strawberries,
the nut,
hazel-nuts,
gooseberries,
Turkish Grammar
Ul
elma.
drmud.
ceftali.
kdici.
kdvun.
kdrpus.
mgir.
usum.
bddem.
biigurtlen.
dud — tut.
portdkdl.
limon.
cilek.
gevits.
findiik.
frenk usumii, 3
— 34 —
chesnut,
cherry,
plum,
date,
pomegranate,
olive,
kestane.
kirds.
erik.
khurmd.
endr.
seitun.
TUBES.
A fig tree, an orange-tree, an apple-tree, a pear tree, a mulberry-tree, a peach-tree, a plum-tree, a walnut-tree, an olive-tree, a chesnut-tree, an almond-tree, a cherry-tree, the oak, the elm, the beech, the pine, the cypress, the fir, the poplar, the willow, the lime,
indjir aghadji. turundj aghadji. elmd aghadji. drmud aghadji. tut aghadji. ceftali aghadji. erik aghadji. djeviz aghadji. zeitun aghadji. kestaneh aghadji. badem aghadji. vishni aghadji. misheh aghadji. card aghadji. cdin aghadji. cam aghadji. servi aghadji. tchdm aghadji. cdvdc aghadji. soyut aghadji. filamur aghadji.
— 35
|
the lime, |
^^L&J ^jjojw |
oghldmur dghadji. |
|
the laurel, |
,-a-Ul xJLs<> |
defneh dghadji. |
|
the acacia, |
^UIJ^ |
sdnt dghadji. |
|
FIELD CHOPS. |
||
|
Wheat, |
^tjJb |
boghddi. |
|
barley, |
4>' |
drpd. |
|
oats, |
***y& |
yuldf. |
|
rice, |
f~*T* |
Hirindje. |
|
maize, |
^tjc*j^ax> |
mmrboghdai. |
|
flour, |
u;1 |
un. |
|
grass, |
^jf |
ot. |
|
hay, |
gfc,l |
otluk. |
|
FLOWEBS. |
||
|
A flower, |
dL§^ |
tchltchek. |
|
a rose, |
J^ |
guiul. |
|
a lily, |
(3-y) |
zaribac. |
|
a violet, |
a^Jij^ |
benefsheh. |
|
a pink, |
Ju3y |
carenftl. |
|
jessamine, |
*.X*-U/LJ |
jdssmir. |
|
a lilac, |
^•^LJ |
leilac. |
|
a tulip, |
ijy |
laleh. |
|
a hyacinth, |
J^^Lu, |
sunbul. |
|
mignionette, |
>*? |
faghv. |
|
.• |
ANIMALS. |
- |
|
Wild animals, |
T^'T*^ u^ |
jebdn haivanlar. |
|
lion, |
,J^U,st |
drsldn. |
|
tiger, |
u^*5 |
cap Jan. |
|
3* |
— 36 —
elephant,
leopard,
camel,
deer,
wolf,
wild boar,
hyena,
bear,
fox,
hare,
rabbit,
squirrel,
weasel,
monkey,
mouse,
rat,
mole,
horse,
mare,
colt,
bull,
ox,
cow,
calf,
dog,
ass,
mule,
ram,
sheep,
lamb,
Uet
JsU
pars.
deveh.
gileik.
curd.
jebdn donuzi.
sertldn.
dm.
dilki.
tdvshdn.
add tdvshdn.
sendjiab.
guelindjek.
meimun.
sitchdn.
buyuk sitchdn.
kostebek.
at.
kissrac.
tdi.
bugha.
okuz.
mek.
buzaghi.
kopek.
eshek.
cdtir.
cotch.
cuiun.
cuzi.
— 37 —
|
goat, |
(S&3 |
ketchi. |
|
kid, |
r^JLft*! |
oghlac. |
|
cat, |
iCcXS^ |
kedi. |
BIKDS.
|
A bird, |
^.Jf |
cush. |
|
an eagle, |
uV M |
card cush. |
|
an ostrich, |
, ^.ww •.£ S • O |
deveh cushi. |
|
a stork, |
dUL J y |
card Idilek. |
|
a falcon, |
e*-**k |
doghdn. |
|
a hawk, |
dUL^ |
tchiailik. |
|
a crow, |
<J^>* |
cuzghun. |
|
a magpie, |
. lii^Si^ ^/ |
sdcsdghan. |
|
an owl, |
^^s y& yc |
huhu cushi. |
|
a cuckoo, |
olrV |
cucuvac. |
|
a parrot, |
r^r^ |
dudu. |
|
a pheasant, |
urJL5^ |
suiliin. |
|
a partridge, |
dLJLCir' |
keklik. |
|
a woodcock, |
^^ s^Jb |
jelveh cushi. |
|
a wild duck, |
v5^>;^' u1^ |
jelan ordegili. |
|
a wild pigeon, |
(j^^S^T^Lo |
jeban guyerdjen |
|
a blackbird, |
^li »j3 |
card tduk. |
|
a thrush, |
^*y^S r^l |
drdidje cushi. |
|
a nightingale, |
>i. JL Jl|_^ |
lulbul. |
|
a swallow, |
/d-^J^' |
kirlanghetch. |
|
^* X |
||
|
a lark, |
N VJf_^ ^ j>* |
toighdr. |
|
a sparrow, |
a^ui |
sertcheh. |
|
a peacock, |
• i ^ |
tduz. |
|
a swan, |
^S |
cughu. |
— 38
|
a hen, |
Jf>^ |
tank. |
|
a chicken, |
^JL> |
pilitch. |
|
a cock, |
u*n^ |
khoroz. |
|
a duck, |
Jj^f |
ordek. |
|
a goose, |
\U |
cdz. |
|
a turkey, |
^.Lb tXJJo |
hind taughi. |
INSECTS.
|
A flea, |
**W |
pireh. |
|
a bug, |
cs^ **^' |
tahtah Uti. |
|
a beetle, |
dl^j jJyL> j* |
~boinuzly bodjek. |
|
a moth, |
5^ |
giiveh. |
|
a caterpillar, |
C5^"^ O^ |
loc bodjegui. |
|
a spider, |
JLs2>^t |
drumdjek. |
|
a silk-worm, |
LS^)9*^ ?l' |
ipek curdi. |
|
a butterfly, |
^^ v 7" |
pervaneh. |
|
a gnat, |
^AAkAM j^X 0-^A> |
sivry sifiek. |
|
a fly, |
aL, |
sinek. |
|
a bee, |
^;T |
ari. |
|
FISHES. |
||
|
A fish, |
<3-»L> |
Milk. |
|
a turbot, |
^L ^UJU |
c ale an balighi. |
|
a skate, |
_Ajb ^tX5" |
kedi 'balighi. |
|
a sole, |
xJLj u^ |
dit balighi. |
|
an oyster, |
XJ(^%juuii |
esridia. . |
|
a muscle, |
eojoo |
midia. |
|
a pike, |
turna balighi. |
— 39
a carp, a trout, an eel,
bdlighi. ala bdlighi. ilan bdlighi.
THE TOWN.
The town, the street, the cross-street,
the quarter, the palace, the mosque, the quay, the bridge, the market, the bazaar, the shop, the hippodrome, the horse fair, the square, the promenade, the fountain, the custom-house, the prison, the academy, the bath, the post-office, the fish market, the Library, the Hospital,
v
^
sehir.
sokdk.
dort idl dghm.
mdhdlle. serai, gdmd. idli. kopri. carchu. bazar, dukidn. at meiddni. Mt basari. meiddn. gesmedjek 'ier. cechme. gumruk. smddn. medrece. hdmdm. mensil hhdne. bdlik bdzdri. kitdb hhdne. khdstd hhdne.
— 40 —
the church, the prayer, the railway,
the train,
the station,
hotel,
the embassy,
the consulate,
tavern,
coffee house.
uAfcw
kelise.
du'd — ndmds.
demir yol.
demir yol
'drdbdldri. mensil. condc.
seferet devlet. consoloslik. meikhaneh. cdveh dukiani.
DIGNITARIES.
The Emperor, the Sultan, the King, Prince of the blood, the prince, his Majesty, the prime minister, minister of foreign
affairs, home minister,
secretary of war, finance minister, minister of police, grand chamberlain, keeper of the purse,
^^;
imperathor.
pddishah — sulthan.
kurdl.
sdhsdde.
bay — emir.
hesrelleri.
bds vekil.
reis efendi — umur
khdridjie ndslrl. kiahid bay — umur
ddkhiliie ndstri. deflerddr. cdvuch bdsi. kapudji bdsi. khdsme dar bdsi.
— 41 —
treasurer of the
harem, governor of the
harem,
chief of the eunuchs, pacha of three tails, ambassador, governor of the
province, postmaster
general, clergy,
grand chaplain, chief judge, the judge, commissionary,
UL
yCcU
khasme dar nsta. harem klahidci.
kusler dghdci. utch tughlit pasha, iltci. bayler bay.
mensil bast.
ulemd.
khunkidr imam, kdsii lecker. kdsi. vekil
WRITING MATERIALS.
Stationery,
paper,
pen,
book,
inkstand,
ink,
penknife,
the seal,
sealing wax,
writing-desk,
the letter,
XiU.
J^AX/O
kiathana.
kldghid.
kdlem.
kltab.
devit.
murekkel).
kdlemtrdch.
muhur.
dhdms'irmd.
pich tdkhtd.
mektiib.
— 42 —
the pencil, the ruler, the compass,
* - N HM»X>
kurchun kalem. djedvel — mdsthar. perguidr.
ARTS AND TRADES.
The baker, the pastry-cook, the butcher, the architect, the mason, the tailor, the shoemaker, the hatter, the doctor, the surgeon, the chemist, the printer, the bookseller, the bookbinder, the joiner, the carpenter, the turner, the locksmith, the blacksmith, the farrier, the carman, the painter, the cooper, the watchmaker,
JkJLxJLju
etmektshi.
borektsht.
kdcdb.
mil'mdr.
idpidji.
tersi.
papudshdji.
shdpkddji.
hekim — thdbib.
djerrah.
edjsd zdtidjl.
bdsmddji.
sehhaf.
miidjelid.
dhoyhrdmddji.
dulgur.
khdrdth.
tshilmgur.
demirdjl.
nedlbend.
drabddji.
tdsvirdji.
futchidji.
zaatdji.
— 43 —
|
the weaver, |
s^^ |
ciulah. |
|
the laundress, |
l^aUoUL |
djameshui. |
|
the cobbler, |
.£qSkXXX4Mf |
eskidji. |
|
the fisherman, |
<x <? ilj* |
baluktchi. |
|
the cutler, |
^ASUsuo |
Utchaktchi. |
|
the merchant, |
7^-^b |
tddjir — laser guan . |
|
COUNTRIES, NATIONS AND CITIES. |
||
|
Europe, |
l^| |
evropd. |
|
Asia, |
LJ |
asm. |
|
Africa, |
XAJ-st |
dfrikd. |
|
France, |
X^otri |
franca. |
|
v ~ |
||
|
a Frenchman, |
franzls. |
|
|
Paris, |
U*;1^ |
par is. |
|
Marseilles, |
LJLu^lxi |
mdrsilia. |
|
England, |
cS^CUx> vJlJot |
ingliz memleketi. |
|
Scotland, |
x^^Ju,! |
escotchldh. |
|
Ireland, |
| (Js. J j' Y-^ |
'irldndd. |
|
London, |
S \ cX^ *J |
londrd. |
|
Austria, |
^jGUx) ^>j |
betsh memleketi. |
|
Prussia, |
****^ |
prusid. |
|
Turkey, |
^^ JoUcfc |
osmdnli vilaieti. |
|
Germany, |
^5»« y v |
nemtcheh vilaieti. |
|
Spain, |
V |
ispdnia. |
|
Portugal, |
(C"^^ 5 V "^^r. |
portuguez vilaieti. |
|
Italy, |
^Lb! |
Italia. |
|
Bohemia, |
vs^^ &^ |
cell vilaieti. |
|
Hungary, |
^^ ^ |
magar vilaieti. |
|
Russia, |
,*ti^+* L^5) |
rus memleketi. |
a Russian,
the Crimea,
Croatia,
the Morea,
Persia,
Arabia,
Armenia,
Egypt,
Albania,
Cyprus,
Rome,
Venice,
Beyrout,
.Jerusalem,
Aleppo,
Damascus,
Suez,
Constantinople,
Jassi,
Bucharest,
Scutari,
Cairo,
Alexandria,
Trebizond,
Tripoli,
Smyrna,
Moldavia,
Wallachia,
Bosnia,
Servia,
moskoflu.
krim.
khervdt memleketi.
mure.
dgemistdn.
arabistan.
ermenie.
musir.
arnaudluk.
kilbris.
rim.
venedik.
"beirut.
cudsi sherif.
halep.
sham.
suveis.
IstamboL
mch.
Mkrech.
tchkodrd.
el-kdhire.
ukenderie.
tJirabison.
thardbolus.
ismir.
bughddn.
ifldk.
bosna.
surf.
— 45 —
Asia Minor,
Athens,
the Dardanelles,
the Danube,
Assyria,
Syria,
Tartary,
China,
India,
the Thames,
the Euphrates,
the Jordan,
the Nile,
the Volga,
U-o!
andtholu.
dtind.
boghds hiicari.
tuna.
kurdistdn.
sham.
tatar vildieti.
tchin.
hmdistdn.
nehri temiz.
furdt.
erden.
ml.
etil sui.
TRAVELLING.
Traveller,
passport,
horse,
saddle,
to saddle,
girths,
stirrups,
buckle,
bridle,
to bridle,
bit,
reins,
yoldji. yol emri.
at.
eier.
eierlemek.
coldnler.
uzengui — rlkiab.
coptchd.
man.
man urmac.
guiem.
dizguin.
46 —
|
halter, |
jfyt |
yular. |
|
spurs, |
))*** |
mdhmuz. |
|
whip, |
(S^+* |
cdmtchi. |
|
horse-shoe, |
Jou |
nd'dl. |
|
mule, |
^SlS—ySS |
cdtir. |
|
pack-saddle, |
y* W |
semer. |
|
muleteer, |
3*f* |
cdtirdji. |
|
tent, |
wj^U* |
tchddir. |
|
to pitch the tent, |
(jjo^-^uL |
tchddir curmac. |
|
carpet, |
K^uL&> |
khalidjeh. |
|
high-way, |
*-''*•- * |
olu yol. |
|
cross-road, ' |
Jjj (^y>)l |
arcuri yol. |
|
valise, |
(jljooU. |
djamedan. |
|
saddle bags, |
^L |
ydndjuk. |
|
wine flask, |
•r3^ |
tcJiiotrd. |
|
water bottle, |
LJoJL^^ |
tchentd. |
|
V |
||
|
kettle, |
i^V |
cdzdn. |
|
matches, |
o*»JvA5 |
kibrit. |
|
pistols, |
K»uyb |
tdbandja. |
|
fowling piece, |
xi&jJLj |
filintdh. |
|
to fire, |
H.^.3! dLx$«.J> |
tufenk dtmac. |
PART II.
INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAMMATICAL
FORM.
THE ARTICLE.
The Turkish Language has no article. Mbd means the father, ana, the mother.
THE SUBSTANTIVE.
1. The Turkish language is composed of Arabic, Persian and Turkish words; it consists therefore of primi- tive words "djamid" and of derivative words (mustdk).
2. The Turkish language has no gender; to denote the masculine gender of persons (er) manr and the feminine (kits) girl, and of animals (erkek) male, and (disi) female, are placed before the word, as:
oghlan, the boy. — er oghlan, the son.
kits oghlan, the daughter. /7/, the elephant. — erkek fil, the male elephant.
dm fil, the female elephant.
3. Proper names derived from the Arabic form the feminine by adding e or a to the male name, as:
— 48 —
c
Hdlil (masc.) Halile (fern.) Selim (masc.) Selima (fern.).
It is also customary to place the name of the Sultan after, but that of the Sultana before the word Sultan, thus:
Sultan Selim — Selima Sultan.
DECLENSION OP THE NOUN.
The Turkish noun has two declensions, and six cases.
Those ending in a consonant belong to the first, those ending in a vowel belong to the second declension.
The plural is formed by the particle J lam-re which is either pronounced lar or ler, it is pronounced lar, if the final syllable is hard, or if the word contains
the vowels a, o or u.
ler, if the final syllable is soft, or if the word contains the vowels e or i, as:
and, the mother, plural analar, the mothers. bdbci, the father, babalar, the fathers.
kopek, the dog, kopekler, the dogs.
gun, the day, gunler, the days.
|
FIRST DECL. |
SECOND DECL. |
||
|
Sing. |
PL |
Sing. PL |
|
|
Gen. |
In |
un |
nun un |
|
Dat. |
e |
e |
ja a |
|
Ace. |
I |
I |
jy y |
|
Ablat. |
den |
den |
dan dan |
— 49. —
FIRST DECLENSION.
|
Singular. Norn, lutf, the mercy. Gen. lutfin, of Dativ lutfe, to Accus. lutfi, mercy. Vocativ./# lutf, oh mercy. |
Plural lutfler, mercies. lutflerun, of mercies. lutfler e, to lutfler i, ja lutfler, oh |
Abl. lutf den, from -
lutfler den, from -
SECOND DECLENSION.
Singular.
Nom. ana, the mother Gen. ananiin, of the - Dat. anaja, to the - Ace. andjy, the Voc. ./« «;&«, oh Abl. anadan, from the -
Plural.
analar, the mothers. analarun, of the analara, to the - analary, the y« analar, oh analar dan, from the -
To the Vocative, which is always like the Nominative the exclamations o, bre, hej or ja precede.
SPECIMEN OF DECLENSION.
The Turks add the following postpositions to the No minative.
Consonant.
Genitive (& h (nasal) Dative 5 h
Accusative ^ i
Turkish (irammar.
Vowel.
— 50
Although there are in reality only two declensions, yet the modern grammarians adopt four different forms for each declension, which the euphony of the language suggests, namely:
FIKST DECLENSION.
For words ending in a Consonant:
Hard. Soft.
Genitive EN OUN IN UN <£ sagher-keef.
Dative A A E E 5 he.
Accusative E ou i u ^ ye.
Ablative DAN DAN DEN DEN ^o dal-noon.
SECOND DECLENSION.
For words ending in a Vowel:
Hard. Soft.
Genitive NEN NOUN NIN NUN
Dative JA JA JE JE
Accusative JE jou ji ju
Ablative DAN DAN DEN DEN
noon-sdgher-keef. JL> ye-he. ye-ye. dal-noon.
FIEST DECLENSION.
Words ending in a Consonant of which the last syl- lable is hard.
First Class.
Singular &*JL>O miff red. Nom. The book, Gen. of the book, Dat. Ace.
to the book, the book, Abl. from the book,
! kltab. I ki tab-en. j kitdb-a.
kitab-z.
kitdb-dan.
— 51 —
Plural, -t^ djem. Nom. The books, Gen. of the books, Dat. to the books, Ace. the books, Abl. from the books,
Second Class. Singular.
Nom. The bird,
Gen. of the bird,
Dat. to the bird,
Ace. the bird,
Abl. from the bird,
Nom. The birds,
Gen. of the birds,
Dat. to the birds,
Ace. the birds,
Abl. from the birds,
Plural.
I
kitab-lar.
kitalo-lar-un.
kitdb-lar-d.
kitdb-lar-e.
kitab-lar-dan.
qush. qush-oun.. qush-a. qush-ou. qush- dan.
qush-lar. qush-lar -un. qush-lar-d. qush-lar-e. qush-lar-ddn,
Words ending in a Consonant of which the last syllable is soft.
Third Class.
Singular.
Nom. The language,
Gen. of the language,
Dat. to the language,
Ace. the language,
Abl. from the language,
J*
dil. dll-ih. dil-e. dll-i.
dil- den.
4*
— 52 —
Plural.
Nom. The languages, Gen. of the languages, Dat. to the languages, Ace. the languages, Abl. from the languages,
j^j
Fourth Class. Singular.
Nom. The rose, Gen. . of the rose, Dat. to the rose, Ace. the rose, Abl. from the rose,
Nom. The roses,
Gen. of the roses,
Dat. to the roses,
Ace. the roses,
Abl. from the roses, -
Plural.
dil-ler. dil-ler -In. dil-ler -e. dil-ler-i. dil-ler-den.
gul-un. \ gill-e. | gul-il | gill-den.
I gul-ler. I gul-ler-in.
gul-ler-e.
gul-ler-i.
gul-ler-den,
SECOND DECLENSION. Words ending in a vowel of which the last syllable is
hard.
First Class. Singular.
Nom. The chamber, Gen. of the chamber,
oda. oda-n-en.
— 53 —
Dat. to the chamber, Ace. the chamber, Abl. from the chamber,
oda-j-d. odd-j-e. odd-dan.
Plural.
Nom. The chambers, Gen. of the chambers, Dat. to the chambers, Ace. the chambers, Abl. from the chambers,
oda-lar.
odd-ldr-un.
odd-ldr-d.
odd-ldr-e.
odd-ldr-ddn,
Nom. The box,
Gen. of the box,
D%t. to the box,
Ace. the box,
Abl. from the box,
Second Class, Singular.
20
qutu-nun. qutu-jd. qutu-ju. qiitu-ddn.
Plural.
Nom. The boxes,
Gen. of the boxes,
Dat. to the boxes,
Ace. the boxes,
Abl. from the boxes,
I qutu-ldr. \ qutu-ldr -un. ; qutu-ldr-d. \ qutu-ldr-e. qutu-ldr-ddn.
Words ending in a vowel of which the last syllable is soft.
54 —
Nom. The vinegar,
Gen. of the vinegar,
Dat. to the vinegar,
Ace. the vinegar,
Abl. from the vinegar,
Third Class. Singular.
dbtt&AM
Nom. The vinegars,
Gen. of the vinegars,
Dat. to the vinegars,
Ace. the vinegars,
Abl. from the vinegars.
Plural
\ wj^u
sirke.
sirke-n-in.
sirke-j-e.
sirke-j-i.
sirke-den.
sirke-ler. sirke-ler-m. sirke-ler-e. sirke-ler-i. sirke-ler -den.
Fourth Class, Singular.
Nom. The bridge,
Gen. of the bridge,
Dat. to the bridge,
Ace. the bridge,
Abl. from the bridge,
Nom. The bridges,
Gen. of the bridges,
Dat. to the bridges,
Ace. the bridges,
Abl. from the bridges,
Plural.
koprii.
kopru-nun.
kopru-je.
kopru-ju.
kopru-den.
kopru-ler.
kdpru-ler-un.
kopru-le-re.
kopru-ler-i.
kopru-ler-den.
— 55 ~-
THE ADJECTIVE.
The Turkish adjective is exactly like the english, un- declinable, nor does it change either in singular, plural, or gender; and it always stands before the noun: guzel at, a fine horse — guzel-dtldr, fine horses.
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES.
The comparative is formed by placing the word dahi, or daha (more) — ^-t> or cok (much) ,v,^ before the posi- tive as:
Inge, thin — ddhd Inge, thinner,
but it is more elegant to form the comparative by adding the syllable rek after soft, and rdk, after hard finals as: dhmdk, stupid, comp. dhmdkrdk, more stupid. gutsel, pretty - gutselrek, prettier. The Superlative is formed by placing the words <&\ en, &* peki »<>Ls) tsijdde, oole. ghajet, before the Positive as: en gutsel, very beautiful or the most beautiful. pek fend, the worst. tstjdde mdlli, very rich.
FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives may be formed from nouns by the syllables 7i7, U or lii, (jj — J) as:
"itibar, the honour — Wbdrli, honourable, akll, reason — akilli, reasonable. kir, dirt, — kirli, dirty.
— 56 —
osman, the Turk — osmarili, turkish.
magar, the Hungarian — magarli, hungarian. osmarili tutun, turkish tobacco. magarli sarab, hungarian wine.
The syllables clshe, and yWi, are also used to form adjectives, as:
franzits g~i¥i,* like a Frenchman. nemce gib'i, like a German. arab gibi, like an Arab.
ADJECTIVES.
Red,
white,
black,
yellow,
green,
blue,
great,
small,
good,
bad,
wide,
straight,
long,
short,
heavy,
light,
new,
old,
V *
qermeze.
beydz.
s'tydh —
sure.
yeshil.
mdvl.
biiyilk.
kiltchuk.
eiu.
fena — kern.
inlu.
doghrii.
uzun.
k'issah.
dgher.
khdfif.
yeni.
eski.
— 57 —
difficult,
easy,
strong,
weak,
handsome,
ugly,
hard,
soft,
full,
empty,
sweet,
sour,
clean,
dirty,
hot,
cold.
dry,
wet,
high,
low,
near,
far,
much,
little,
wise,
stupid,
brave,
timid,
polite,
vulgar,
ar"
gutch.
coldi.
cuvetlu.
zebun.
guzeL
tchirkin.
cdti.
yumshac.
bosh.
tatlu.
ddji.
temiz.
murddr.
zssi.
souk.
I
curu.
jdshlu.
yuksek.
dltchdc.
ydqen.
uzdc.
tchoc.
dz.
akellu.
ahmac.
shedja'atlu.
corcdc.
edeblu.
bciyaghi.
— 58 —
cruel,
humane,
generous.
faithful,
just,
unjust,
zalim.
muruvetlu.
djumerd.
sadakatlu.
^adaletlu.
insafstz.
NUMERALS. 1. CARDINAL NUMBERS.
The Turks have two methods of computation, one by ciphers (which we give below) the other by letters of. the alphabet, which is now rarely used. 1. one,
ikl.
titch.
dort.
besh.
altee.
yed~i.
seklz.
dhoquz.
on.
on-bir.
on-lki.
dn-utch.
dn-dort.
on-besh.
on-dltee.
|
2. |
two, |
Jo! F |
|
3. |
three, |
A (» |
|
4. |
four, |
) |
|
5. |
five, |
•• « ^j*O d |
|
6. |
six, |
ts^' ** |
|
7. |
seven, |
^Ju v |
|
8. |
eight, |
'*>AtaAU A |
|
9. |
nine, |
\*Ju0 ^ |
|
10. |
ten, |
(J^ ^ |
|
11. |
eleven, |
^ (J^ tf |
|
12. |
twelve, |
^ u;' ^ |
|
13. 14. |
thirteen, fourteen, |
1 t »UJ 5* \ & |
|
15. |
fifteen, |
(J^? oJ I* |
|
16. |
sixteen, |
.LJI (.t.t 11 |
— 59 —
17. seventeen,
18. eighteen,
19. nineteen,
20. twenty,
21. twenty-one,
22. twenty-two,
23. twenty-three,
24. twenty-four,
25. twenty-five,
26. twenty-six,
27. twenty-seven,
28. twenty-eight,
29. twenty-nine,
30. thirty,
31. thirty-one,
32. thirty-two, 40. forty,
50. fifty, 60. sixty,
70. seventy,
71. seventy-one,
72. seventy-two, 80. eighty,
90. ninety,
91. ninety-one,
100. one hundred,
101. hundred and
one,
102. hundred and
two,
tv
U
14
o
Fa
F1 Fv FA
rt
o/5 * JJ! *.
A*
1(
on-yedi.
on-sekiz.
on-dhdquz.
yirmi.
yirmi loir.
yirmi iki.
y'lrrni iitsh.
yirmi dort.
yirmi besh.
yirmi dltee.
yirmi yedi.
yirmi sekiz.
yirmi dhoquz.
otuz.
otuz ITir.
otuz iki.
qirq.
elli.
dltmish.
yetmish.
yetmish bir.
yetmish iki.
seksen.
dhoqsdn.
dhoqsdn bir.
yuz.
yuz bir.
yuz iki.
— 60 —
200. two hundred, 300. three hundred, 1000. a thousand, 2000. two thousand, one million,
iki yuz. utsh yuz.
iki bin. ITir milyon.
2. ORDINAL NUMBERS.
The ordinal numbers are formed by the addition of the particle .^^ indjy, to the cardinal.
birindjy. — ilk.
ikmdju.
utchundjy.
dordundjy.
beshindjy.
altindjy.
yedmdjy.
sekizindjy.
dhoquzundjy.
onimdjy.
on Urindjy.
on ikindjy.
on utchundjy.
on dordundjy.
on beshindjy.
The first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, the ninth, the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth, the thirteenth, the fourteenth, the fifteenth,
&c.
the twentieth, the twenty-first, the twenty-second,
yirmmdjy. yirmi birindjy. yirmi ikindjy.
— 61 —
the twenty-third, the thirtieth, &c.
j I ylrmi utchundjy. j otiizindjy.
I
The ordinal numhers are declinable; they always pre- cede the subject counted.
3. FRACTIONAL NUMBERS.
Half,
the third part,
the quarter,
the fifth part, the sixth part,
^
r?
yarem. — yare. utchte blr. — sills, dortte Ur. — bir
rub', beshte blr. — bir
khums. dltedd bir. — blr
suds.
4. DISTRIBUTIVE NUMBERS.
The distributive numbers are formed by adding to the cardinal the termination * er, for those ending ,in a con- sonant, and *,& shr for those ending in a vowel.
One by one, singly, two and two, the pair, three and three, by threes, four and four, by fours, five and five, by fives,
birer.
ikisher.
utsher.
dorder.
besher.
— 62 —
PRONOUNS. 1. PEKSONAL PKONOUNS.
Nom. I, Gen. of me, Dat. to me, Ace. me, Abl. from me,
Nom. We,
Gen. of us,
Dat. to us,
Ace. us,
Abl. from us,
|
First Person. |
||
|
Singular. |
||
|
uH |
ben. |
|
|
r^ |
bemm. |
|
|
i^: |
baha. |
|
|
^ |
bent. |
|
|
^JoL? |
ben den |
|
|
Plural |
||
|
, |
•o |
biz. |
|
ryj |
bizim. |
|
|
9? |
bizeh. |
|
|
bizt. |
||
|
^ |
bizden . |
Second Person. Singular.
|
Nom. Thou, |
&" |
sen. |
|
Gen. of thee, |
dUu* |
senm. |
|
Dat. to thee, |
IJL |
sana. |
|
Ace. thee, |
(5^ |
sent. |
|
Abl. from thee, |
^JU^ |
sen den |
|
Plural |
||
|
Nom. You, |
JT1 |
siz. |
|
Gen. of you, |
i)Ly |
sizm. |
— 63 —
Dat. to you, Ace. you, Abl. from you,
sizeh. sizt. \ sizden.
Nona. He, she, it, Gen. of him, her, it, Dat. to him, her, it, Ace. him, her, it, Abl. from him, her it,
|
Third Person. |
||
|
Singular. |
||
|
Jjl — ^ |
0, O/. |
|
|
» |
db! |
Oftim (anun) |
|
? |
iri |
ona (ana). |
|
• |
C5^' |
onu. |
|
it, |
Jo! |
on dan. |
Norn. They, Gen. of them, Dat. to them, Ace. them, Abl. from them,
Plural.
\
^.
onlar. onlarin. onlard. onlari. onlar dan.
2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
From the Genitive of the Personal pronouns are formed the possessive pronouns, namely:
benim, mine, my. senin^ thine, thy. onun, his, her.
They are used like the Adjectives, and remain un- changed under all circumstances.
j "bizim, our, ours. ^ sizm, your, yours. onldrm, their, theirs.
2. Affixed Pronouns, are however generally employed by the Turks, namely: mine after a vowel is expressed by m, *,
after a consonant by im, urn, um. our after a vowel by mis, mils, mils, yo, after a consonant nriis, iimus, umus. et, the meat, — etirnls, our meat,
•.
thine after a vowel by w, after a consonant by m, tin, ww, <£.
sac-in, thy hair — sdcldr-in, thy hairs, ?/owr after a vowel by w7s, wws, nz7s — after a consonant by mts, units, unus, J?'.
usta-nis, your master — ustalar-ims, your masters. his, her after a consonant by i, u, u, _ after a vowel by
-jgu
as:
, the red" (turkish) cap — fezJ, his, her red cap. Inna, the building — binasi, his, her building.
EXAMPLES:
baba, father, bdbam, my father, baban, thy father, babasj, his father, bdbamls, our father, bdbams, your father, bdbdldri, their father.
e/, hand,
God,
?, the way,
, book,
ehm,
eli-mis,
my hand, our hand,
attahim, my God, oMdhimis, our God,
my way, our way, "kitabiwi, my book, kitdbimzs, our book,
e?M&, thy hand, elmls, your hand, dttdhin, thy God, dlldhmis, your God,
thy way,
wlunus, your way, kitdbm, thy book, Jcitdbmis, your book,
|
efe, |
his hand. |
|
elileri, |
their hand. |
|
attain, |
his God. |
|
allahlarl, |
their God. |
|
wlu, |
his way. |
|
wldri, |
their way. |
|
kitdbi, |
his book. |
|
Tcitdbldri, |
their book. |
— 65 —
All Substantives, which have taken the possessive ter- mination are regularly declined thus:
Singular.
N. bdbdm, my father, G. • babamm, of my D. babamd, to my Ace. babamt, my Abl. babamddn, from my -
Plural.
babalarim, my fathers. babalarimm, of my babalarimd, to my babalarimi, my balalarimddn, from my -
SPECIMENS OF DECLENSION WITH POSSESSIVE AFFIXES.
Nom. My son, Gen. of my son, Dat. to my son, Ace. my son, Abl. from my son,
Singular. (r my.)
oghlum.
oghlumuh.
oghlumdh.
oghlumi.
oghlumddn.
Singular. (i£ thy).
Nom. NThy friend, Gen. of thy friend, Dat. to thy friend, Ace. thy friend, Abl. from thy friend,
do s tin. dostinin. dostindh. dostini. do s tin dan.
Turkish Grammar.
— 66 —
Singular. y> his, her.)
Nona. His bread, Gen. of his bread, Dat. to his bread, Ace. his bread, Abl. from his bread,
ekmeguy.
ekmeguinun.
ekmeguineh.
ekmeguini.
ekmeguinden.
The pronouns, mine, thine, his, &c., are expressed by the genitive cases of their respective persons ^ . ben, sen, J.t ol, &c.; followed by the relative ^ki; as:
benumki. senufiki.
mine
thine, his,
ours,
yours,
theirs,
Myself, thyself, &c.; are expressed by ^Jo5" kendu, kendi, to which are joined the corresponding possessive Affixes, as:
anuiiki.
bizumki. sizunki. anldrunki.
myself, thyself,
himself, herself
, j
>jos"
ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves,
kendum. kenduh. kendi. kendisi.
kendumiz. kendunuz. kenduleri.
— 67 —
3. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
this, that, this, the same, this,
Nom. This, that,
Gen. of this,
Dat. to this,
Ace. this,
Abl. from this,
Nom. These,
Gen. of these,
Dat. to these,
Ace. these,
Abl. from these,
shu.
bu.
ishbu.
DECLENSION.
Singular.
XOj •*&
that, that,
o. ol.
bu, shu, ishbu.
bunun.
bund.
bunu.
bunddn.
Plural.
bunlar, or bunnar. bunldrin, or bunndrih. bunldrd, or bunndrd. bunldrz, or bunndri. bunlar dan , or bunnar dan,
4. RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
*5 kih) who, which, that; is not declinable, but is joined to .1 or J.| o, ol, with which it forms one word.
Singular.
Nom. Which, that, Gen. of which, Dat. to which,
Ace. Abl.
which, from which,
111
ki.
ki onun. ki ond. ki oni. ki ondan.
— 68 —
5. INTEBBOGATIVE PRONOUNS.
Who? of persons
what? of things
who? which? what? which one?
20
kim.
ne.
kanghi.
|
DECLENSION. |
||||
|
Singular. |
||||
|
Nom |
. Who, which? |
jf |
kim. |
|
|
Gen. |
of whom, of |
which ? |
(^ |
kimm. |
|
Dat. |
to whom, to |
which ? |
^ |
kime. |
|
Ace. |
who, which? |
(S+* |
kimi. |
|
|
Abl. |
from whom? |
U^ |
kimden. |
|
|
Plural. |
||||
|
Nom |
. Who, which? |
JU^ |
kimler. |
|
|
Gen. |
of whom, of |
which? |
^juy |
kimlerm. |
|
Dat. |
to whom, to |
which? |
aJUS^ |
kimlere. |
|
Ace. |
who, which? |
^JU*' |
kimleri. |
|
|
Abl. |
from whom? |
<jV+r |
kimler den. |
|
|
Singular. |
||||
|
Nom |
. What? |
XJ> |
ne. |
|
|
Gen. |
of what? |
(^020 |
nenm . |
|
|
Dat. |
to what? |
30^ |
neje. |
|
|
Ace. |
what? |
J2O |
nehji. |
|
|
Abl. |
from what? |
^^ |
neden. |
|
|
When preceding |
an Adjective, it signifies how; as |
|||
|
how |
handsome, |
J\«5^*ao ne guzel . |
||
|
how how |
many, happy, |
\ Jo ao ne cdddr. JLbxj 20 ne mutlu. |
— 69 —
When followed by a substantive, it becomes an Ad- jective; as: id *t>t & ne ddem dir, what man is it?
The interrogative pronoun ,-AxS kdnghi, which; always precedes the substantive, and is indeclinable unless joined
with the possessive Affixes. house?
kanghi ev, which
Examples.
kirn dir o? who is that?
klme jasdm? to whom hast thou written?
ne vdr? what is it?
nem vdr? what have I?
nenln dir su? to what belongs that?
kdnghy elmds? which diamond?
kdnghy at? which horse?
kdng.hymis? which of us?
6. INDEFINITE PEONOUNS.
a certain one,
some one, some-body,
any-one,
all, every,
each, every-one, all,
another,
no one, none,
nothing,
such a one, a certain one,
bir kimse. bir kishi.
her.
her birJ. her kess* he pis si. ghairi.
hich bir kimse. hich Ur shei. filldn.
— 70 —
the other,
whoever, whatever,
ol far. her kim. her kdnghl. her ne.
nereli means: from which country, nereli zsm? what countryman are you?
kimze, nobody — kimze gelmedl, nobody has come.
THE YEEB.
There are in the Turkish Language verbal forms for any possible action, that one may want to expressed. One or two letters are however sufficient to give to the active verb an entirely different signification; it is between the root and the termination of the verb that this insertion takes place.
Every turkish verb ends in the infinitive either in mek or mdk.
Those whose root has a soft vowel end in mek those with a hard vowel end in mdk.
The Passive Verb is formed by placing J lam, before the terminations v£Jlx> mek, or j^o mdk; as; dixy*, sevmek, to love; dLfrJ^w sevllmek, to be loved.
The Negative form of the Verb is formed by adding to the root * mim, as; dLJ^I olmek, to die; dU^t olmemek, not to die; (j^j'l atmak, to throw; ^J-M^'I dtmdmdk, not to throw.
The Impossible is formed from the Negative by insert- ing 5 eh, or | ah, before the negative terminations dUx> memek; <o.vo mamak, as :
*• dUxu.-uw sevmemek, not to love; dL+xj*.^ sevehmemek, to be unable to love.
The Reciprocal is formed by inserting ^& sh, to the root; viLo^uw sevmek, to love; viL^..,*, sevishmek, to love one another.
The Causal Verb is formed by inserting ^ dir, or J> tir, dUJJ olmek, to die; dUujJJ oldlrmek, to cause to die, to kill.
The Reflective Verb is formed by inserting ^ to the root; vdo<K.X gormek. to see; dl^..^ gormmek, to see one's self.
TABLE OF THE FORMATION OF TURKISH From the Act. Verb, to love,
2
Negat.: not to love,
cu I Imposs.: to be unable to love, From the Causal V. to make one love, Negat. : not to make one love,
Imposs. : to be unable to make one love, From the Passive: to be loved,
Negat.: not to be loved,
Imposs.: not be able to be loved,
Causal : to cause to be loved, From the Reflective to love one's self,
Negat. : not to love one's self,
Imposs. : to be imposs. to love one self,
Causal: to make one self loved,
Negat. : not to make one self loved,
Imposs.: to be imposs. to make one self loved, From the Recip. to love each other,
Negat.: not to love each other,
Imposs.: to be imp. to love, Passive: to be loved mutually,
Causal: not to be loved mutually,
Imp. of d° to be unable to be
loved mutually,
Caus.ofr. to make one love
another,
Neg. of C. not to make, d°, Imp. of C. to be imp.; d°3
i;wj-,
*)*r*
r* y^r*
• N fc^N- •.<WU tjtef*,
I*JM
MM
'•*W
?\(.A».UJ*^uw
X
\ CAxA-w ««w
VERBS.
sevmek.
sevmemek.
sevememek. -»
sevdirmek.
sevdirmemek.
sevdirememek.
sevilmek.
sevilmemek.
sevilememek.
sevildirmek. sevinmek. sevinmemek. sevinememek.
sevindirmek.
sevindirmemek.
sevindirememck.
sevishmek. sevishmemek.
sevishememek.
sevishilmek.
sevishilmemek.
sevishilememek. sevishdirmek.
sevisdirmemek. sevishdirememek.
— 73 —
CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB.
to be,
olmac.
I am, thou art, he is,
we are, you are, they are,
I was, thou wast, he was,
we were, you were, they were,
INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT.
y/>
IMPERFECT.
PERFECT.
I was, or have been, thou wast, or hast been, he was, or has been.
we were, or have been, you were, or have been, they were, or have been,
im. sen. dir, der.
iz.
siz — simz.
dirler, derler.
idim. idih. idi.
idik.
idihiz.
idiler.
imishim. imishsiz. imishdir.
imishiz.
imishsiz.
imishlerdir.
74 —
COMPOUND OP PERFECT.
|
I had been, |
* |
Jot (jSbJjl |
olmish idim. |
||
|
thou hadst been, |
<a |
Jot (ji^Jjt |
olmish idin. |
||
|
he had been, |
(S |
Jot (jic*J^t |
olmish idi. |
||
|
we had been, |
J |
t\-j| (JM^J^I |
olmish idik. |
||
|
you had been, |
1 |
:• |
tXs! yi^J«l olmish idiniz. |
||
|
they had been, |
s |
J r |
Lj |
Jo! (jii-*J«! olmish idiler. |
|
|
FUTURE. |
|||||
|
I shall, or will be, |
r;r^ |
olurim. |
|||
|
thou shalt, or wilt be |
» |
c^;^' |
olur sen. |
||
|
he shall, or will be, |
;^l |
olur. |
|||
|
we shall, or will be, |
;;^| |
oluriz. |
|||
|
you shall, or will be, |
olursiz. |
||||
|
they shall, or will be, |
y^1 |
olurler. |
|||
|
CONDITIONAL. |
|||||
|
I would be. |
|||||
|
(•^•J.l olur dim. |
^4>s»J.I olurdik. |
||||
|
^X> v «J • 1 olur din |
j5t> % .J . 1 o /wr tf wzz . |
||||
|
(^^•J.t olurdi. |
^Ov^iJJ olurlerdi. |
||||
|
COMPOUND |
OP |
CONDITIONAL. |
|||
|
I would have been, |
rju^;rr;t |
olurmishidim. |
|||
|
thou wouldst have been, |
c^Ju^x»;J.t |
olurmishidih. |
|||
|
he would have been, |
^ju^;^1 |
olurmishidi. |
|||
|
we would have been, |
^Jjoui^os J.l olurmishiduk. |
||||
|
you would have been, |
/ *t**)r5* |
olurmishidiniz . |
|||
|
they would have been, | |
( |
y 5 |
olurmishidiler . olur mishler idi. |
— 75 —
IMPEBATIVE MOOD.
Be thou, let him be,
let us be,
be ye,
let them be,
olsun.
olalem. olaniz, or olsunler.
OPTATIVE.
PKESENT OF FUTUBE.
That I may be.
ollam.
ollasin.
olid.
COMPOUND OF PKESENT.
That I may have been. olmish ollam. olmish ollasin. olid.
IMPERFECT.
that, I
I might be.
olaidim. olaidih.
ollaiiz. ollasiz. dialer.
olmishollauz. olmish ottasiz. ollaler.
olaidik.
olaidiniz
olaleridi.
— 76
COMPOUND OF IMPERFECT.
That I might have been.
olmish ollaidi. olmish ollaidih. olmish ollaidi.
olmish ollaidik. olmish ollaidihiz. olmish ollaleridi.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT TENSE.
If I be. eier issam. eier is sen. eier isseh.
IMPERFECT
If I were, eier olsaidim. eier olsaidih. eier olsaidi.
PERFECT.
If I have been,' if thou hast been, if he has been,
if we have been, if you have been, if they have been,
eier issek. eier isseniz, eier isseler.
j! S\ eier olsaidik. eier olsaidiniz.
t S\ eier
olsaidiler.
olmish issam. eier olmish issan. eier olmish isseh.
eier olmish issek. eier olmish issahiz. eier olmish isseler.
— 77 —
FUTUKE.
If I shall be.
eier olmish olurim.
eier olmish olursen.
eier olmish oliir.
eier olmish oliiriz.
eier olmish olursiz.
eier olmish olurler.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
To be,
olmac.
Being,
having been, intending to be, whilst being,
GERUNDS.
PARTICIPLE PEESENT.
Which is,
PAETICIPLE PAST.
Which has been,
;JJ,I
PAETIPIPLE FUTUEE.
Which will be, which must be,
iken. olup. olidjac. olundjeh.
ollan.
olmish.
imish.
oldiik.
oladjak. olmeli.
The negative of the Verb (J»*JJ olmac, to be, to become, is formed by the insertion of a * before the termina-
— 78 —
tion (j^o mac; when used as Auxiliary, it is formed by prefixing the negative particle J^o deyil, to the tenses.
Not to be,
EXAMPLE.
(3++V
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. TENSE.
I am not, thou art not, he is not,
we are not, you are not, they are not,
j»Jot
IMPERFECT.
I was not, deyil idim. deyil idin.
PERFECT.
I have not been, thou hast not been, he has not been,
we have not been, you have not been, they have not been, | *
olmamac.
deyil im. deyil sen. deyil dir.
deyil iz. deyil siz. deyillerdir.
idik' deyil idiniz.
deyil imishim. deyil imishsen. deyil imishdir.
deyil imishiz. deyil imishsiz. deyil imishlerdir.
— 79 —
SUBJUNCTIVE. PRESENT AND FUTURE.
If I be not, if thou be not, if he be not,
if we be not, &c.
If I were not, if thou wert not, if he were not, &c.
IMPERFECT.
uuol J5t>
deyil issam. deyil issan. deyil isseh.
deyil issek.
deyil issaidim. deyil issaidin. deyil issaidi.
CONJUGATION OF THE IMPERSONAL VERB. There is, *& J. var dir.
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT.
There is,
IMPERFECT.
There was, | ^5 Jo!
s
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.
If there be,
If there had been,
There being,
IMPERFECT.
x.
GERUND.
var dir.
var idi.
var isseh.
var saidi.
var iken.
— 80
The other tenses, are derived from the Verb olmac, to be.
The Negative is expressed by:
There is not,
,
yok dir.
There is not,
There was not,
|
INDICATIVE. |
|
|
PEESENT. |
|
|
)^ Oj£ |
| yok dir. |
|
IMPERFECT. |
|
|
^tXx^ |
yoghidi. |
If there be not,
If there had not been,
There not being,
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
|
|
PRESENT. |
|
|
1 • *»**> |
| yoghissah. |
|
IMPEEFECT. |
|
|
Jen, ^cXAju^C*»5 |
| yoghisaidi. |
GERUND.
yoghiken.
The Turkish language possesses no verb "to have" but they use, instead of it, the impersonal Verb *t> J. var dir, preceded by the genitive cases of the possessive pronouns.
EXAMPLE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PEESENT.
I have, (literally; mine there is) J. *jb benim var.
thou hast, J. tjSJLuw senih var.
) i ^^ he has, J. (&±\ onin var.
81 —
we have, you have, they have,
bizim var. sizih var. onlarin var.
IMPERFECT.
I had, (mine there was.)
benim var idi. senin var idi. onih var idi.
bizim var idi. sizih var idi. onlarin var idi.
FUTURE.
I shall have, (mine there will be.) benim olur. senin olur. onih olur.
bizim olur. sizih olur. onlarin olur.
CONDITIONAL.
I should have, etc.
Have thou, let him have,
Turkish Grammar.
• IMPERATIVE.
benim
senin olsun.
onih olsun. 6
82
let us have,
have ye,
let them have,
bizim olsun. sizin olsun. 'onlarin olsun.
And so on, through the other tenses of the impersonal var dir.
Verb .
CONJUGATION OF THE NEGATIVE OF THE VEBB TO HAVE.
PRESENT.
I have not, (mine there is not.) *t> .J.J jvJo benim yok dir.
senin yok. onih yok.
bizim yok. sizin yok. onlarin yok.
I had not, we had not, etc.
If I have not,
if we have not, etc.
IMPERFECT.
xc»j jv-o | benim yoghidi. x£«-> *yy | bizim yoghidi.
CONDITIONAL MOOD. XfcjJ p-0
benim yoghissa.
Lc«j ^'
bizim yoghissd.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have not had, | ^ Juu*fcfr«j *jo | benim yoghsaidi.
if we have not had, etc.
zim yoghsaidi.
— 83
CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS.
FIRST CONJUGATION TERMINATING IN dLo mek. INFINITIVE.
to love,
SECOND PRESENT.
I am loving, seviorim. seviorsin. sevior.
IMPERFECT.
I did love, sever dim. severdin. severdi.
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was loving, &c.
*4>s«-^
sevmek.
|
INDICATIVE, |
||
|
PRESENT TENSE. |
||
|
I love, |
r;r* |
sever im. |
|
thou lovest, |
vj^r* |
sever sin. |
|
he loves, |
;r* |
sever. |
|
We love, |
• |
sever iz. |
|
you love, |
'?*)?" |
seversiz. |
|
they love, |
j)+"> |
severler. |
sevionz.
seviorsiz.
siviorler.
sever 'dik.
severdihiz.
severdiler.
sevior dim.
— 84 —
«*W
•»T\MM
•M«M «-wu
PERFECT.
I loved,
sevdim.
sevdin.
sevdi.
v3 ^ %_ AjV
f**r>
FUTURE.
I shall or will love, seve-djeyim. I yjC^.-u; sevedjeksen. yujC^.^
seve-djekder. ^oJLjC^.*^
CONDITIONAL.
I would or could love. severidim. severidih. sever idi.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
I have loved, sevmishim. sevmishsen. sevmishdir.
vAWwW./?»^v
Love thou, let him love,
IMPEEATIVE MOOD.
r*
sevdik.
sevdihiz.
sevdiler.
seve-djeyiz.
seve-djeksiz.
seve-djeklerdi.
severidik. sever idimz. severleridi.
sevmishiz.
sevmishsiz.
sevmishler.
Let us love,
love ye,
let them love,
sevsin.
sevelim. seveniz. sevsinler.
— 85 —
OPTATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
That I may love, seveyim. sevesin. seveh.
«*4ttMM
IMPERFECT.
That I might love, seveidim. seveidih. seveidi.
seveiz.
sevesiz.
seveler.
seveidik.
seveidihiz.
seveidiler.
\+»j
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT.
If I love, seversem. severseh. severseh.
IMPERFECT.
If I did love,
sevsem. sevsen. sevseh.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have loved, sevmish issem. sevmish isseh. sevmish isseh.
seversek.
severseniz.
seversehler.
sevsek.
sevseniz.
sevsehler.
sevmish issek. j guo «^w sevmish issehiz. sevmish issehler.
86 -i.
PAST IMPERFECT.
If I had loved,
sevsehidim. sevsehidm. sevsehidi.
*^
sevsehidik.
sevsehidiniz.
sevsehidiler.
INFINITIVE.
fc^w
GERUNDS.
to love, to have loved, before having loved, after having loved, intending to love,
In loving,
having loved,
in continuing to love,
loving,
-^
INDECLINABLE PARTICIPLES
Present. Loving,
Past. Loved,
Present. Declinable. Loving, Past. Declinable. Loved,
Future. Intending to love,
obliged to love,
sevmek. sevmish olmac. sevdikden evel. sevdikden sohra. sevedjek olmac.
sever ken. severiken.
sevip.
severek.
sevindjeh.
sever, sevmish. seven, sevdik.
sevedjek. sevmeli.
tftdw
— 87 —
SECOND CONJUGATION TEEMINATING IN <J^ mac.
INFINITIVE.
To look,
bacmac.
INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT TENSE.
|
I look, thou lookest, he looks, |
~J * |
bacarim. bacarsin. bacar. |
|
We look, you look, they look, |
5S |
bacariz. bacarsiz. bacarler. |
SECOND PRESENT.
I am looking, L bacaiorim. L bacaiorsin. bacaior.
L bacaioriz. L bacaiorsiz. bacaiorler.
'Y**»
|
IMPERFECT. |
|
|
I did look, |
|
|
bacardim. |
,vjy.sL "bacardik. |
|
bacardin. |
yTt>ySLj bacardiniz. |
|
bacardi. |
vJLsOvi'Lj bacar diler. |
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was looking, &c.
bacaiordim,
— 88 —
*
PEEFECT.
I looked,
bacdim. bacdin. bacdi.
FUTURE.
I shall or will look, bacadjdghim. bacadjaksen. bacadjakdir.
CONDITIONAL.
I would or could look, bacaridim. bacaridih. bacaridi.
COMPOUND OF PKESENT.
I have looked, bacmishim. bacmishen. bacmishdir.
bacdik.
bacdiniz.
bacdiler.
bacadjaghiz. bacadjaksiz. bacadjaklar.
bacaridik.
bacaridiniz.
bacarlaridi.
bacmishiz.
bacmtshsiz.
bacmishler.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Look thou, let him look,
Let us look,
look ye,
let them look,
bac. bacsin.
bacalim. bacaniz. bacsinler.
— 89
*
OPTATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
That I may look, bacayim. bacasen. baca.
JssL
IMPERFECT.
That I might look, bacaidim. bacaidin. bacaidi.
bacauz. bacasiz. bacaler.
bacaidik.
bacaidiniz.
bacaidiler.
/*>
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT.
If I look, bacarsam. bacarsan. bacarsah.
J
IMPERFECT.
If I did look,
^
bacsdm. bacsan. bacsah.
COMPOUND OF PRESENT.
If I have looked, bacmish issem. bacmish is sen. bacmish isseh.
bacarsac.
bacarsafiiz.
bacarsaler.
bacsac.
bacsaniz.
bacsaler.
bacmish issek. bacmish issehiz, bacmishissehler.
90
PAST IMPERFECT.
If I had looked, bacsaidim. bacsaidin.
O.
bacsaidic. bacsaidmiz.
bacsaidi. Jb<Xu*J>b bacsaidiler
INFINITIVE.
J.I .
GERUNDS.
To look, to have looked, before looking, after looking, intending to look,
In looking,
having looked,
in looking (constantly),
in looking,
INDECLINABLE PARTICIPLES
Present. Looking,
Past. looked,
Declinable Present. Looked, Declinable Past. Looked,
bacmac. bacmish olmac. bacdikden evel. bacdikden sonra. bacadjac olmac.
bacarken. \ bacariken.
bacip.
bacarak.
bakindjeh.
Future.
Intending to look, obliged to look,
bacar. bacmish. toucan, bacdik.
bacadjak. bacmali.
— 91 —
CONJUGATION OF A NEGATIVE VERB.
The negative Verb is formed by adding .» mim to the root through all its Moods and Tenses; the indeclinable Participle present, instead of ending in , as in the affir- mative Verbs, forms its termination in yc pronounced mez or maz, according as the Infinitive ends in ^Lo mek, or jo mac.
To speak, not to speak.
EXAMPLE.
sdilemek. soilememek.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PKESENT.
I do not speak, thoudoestnot speak, he does not speak,
We do no speak, you do not speak, they do not speak,
SECOND PKESENT.
I am not speaking soilemeiorem. soilemeiorsin. soilemeior.
soilemem.
sdilemezsin.
soilemez.
soilemeziz.
soilemezsiz.
soilemezler.
soilemeioriz. s o Hem e'io rsiz . sdilemeiorler .
— 92 —
IMPERFECT.
I did not speak, « sbilemezdim. \ M sbilemezdin. -S^>\
* sbilemezdi.
SECOND IMPERFECT.
I was not speaking, &c. I ^
PERFECT.
I spoke not, soilemedim. soilemedin. sbilemedi.
FUTURE.
I will not speak,
sbilemezdik.
soilemezdiniz.
soilemezdiler.
soilemeiordim.
soilemedik.
sbilemedmiz.
sbilemediler.
sbilemeyedjegim.
The other tenses are formed in the like manner.
GERUND. not speaking, | ^jJot yjb^-.
sbile'mez ikin.
CONJUGATION OF A VEEB INTEEEOGATIVELY. When a verb is used interrogatively, the interrogative particle o mi, is inserted immediately after the root.
INFINITIVE.
To know,
dLJb
Wmek.
Do I know? dost thou know? does he know?
INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT.
or
Hilirmi tm. bilirmisen. HUrmi.
93
Do we know? do you know? do they know?
bilirmiiz.
bilirmisiz.
bilirmiler.
IMPERFECT.
Did I know?
or
bihrmidim.
yo v Jb bilirmidin . UUrmidi.
^JJoucs Jb bilirmidik.
bilirmidiniz . Mirmidiler .
JLj <X
PERFECT.
Did I know?
^4.4.3 tX-L
mi.
FUTURE.
Shall I know? *JUL*JL=* jJb UUdjekmi im. ^.-wwuL^j^Jb bilidjekmi sen. Widjek mi.
bildiniz mi. bildiler mi.
^ JLj bilidjekmi iz. j bilidjekmisimz. bilidjek miler.
CONDITIONAL.
Like the Imperfect, &c. &c.
CONJUGATION OF A VEEB.
NEGATIVELY AND INTERROGATIVELY.
To understand? not to understand,
anlamac. anlamamac.
— 94 —
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
Do I not understand? dost thou not understand ? does he not understand?
Do we not understand? do you not understand? do they not understand?
IMPERFECT.
Did I not understand?
anlamaz mi im. ahldmdz mi sen. ahldmdz mi.
ahldmdz mi iz. ahldmdz mi siniz. ahldmdz mi dirler.
r
anlamaz mi dim. ahldmdz mi din. anlamaz mi di.
ahldmdz mi dik. anlamaz mi dihiz. ahldmdz mi diler.
PERFECT.
Did I not understand?
ahldmddim mi. ahldmddih mi. ahldmddi mi.
ahldmddik mi. ahldmddimz mi. ahldmddiler mi.
— 95 —
FUTURE.
Shall I not understand. fi^ aj(+)&] ahlamaiadjakmi im.
ahlamaiadjakmisen.
ahlamaiadjakmi.
ahlamaiadjak mi iz. ahlamaiadjak mi sihiz. ahlamaiadjak mi ler.
CONDITIONAL.
Like the Imperfect. &c. &c.
ADVERBS.
There are a great number of adverb's in Turkish, for besides the adjectives which are used adverbially, there are formed in various ways.
1. By a Substantive, followed by the postposition adbt ileh, with; or »,v^| izreh, upon; as: viJULJo delilik, stupidity; &Jbt dULJt> delilik ileh, stupidly; dUUu*^ dostlik, friendship; sy-,.! viUjuv.O dostlik izreh, friendly.
2. By adding the Arabic termination (| an) to the noun, as: ^A^O s^r^, appearance; b^.,0 suretan, ap-
^
parently; o^JLt akibet, end; LuJLa akibetan, finally.
3. By adding the Persian termination xj| ^we^, or &jL yaneh, to a Noun, as-: ou*.c> ^os^, friend; xiLxAw.4> dostdnehj friendly.
— 96 —
4. By adding the syllable x^ djeh, to a noun, as: JUot ingliz, English; x^JUG! ingliz dj 'eh , in the English fashion.
|
Luo — b _JLS cany a. |
|||
|
Where? |
Lo# |
hanija. nereje. |
|
|
St>S*J |
nerede. |
||
|
in which place? |
SjJ^? *3 |
ne mahalda. |
|
|
Ljj |
bura. |
||
|
here, |
»AV |
bunda. |
|
|
50l;r? |
burada. |
||
|
here, in this place, |
»>*« j4 |
biijerde. |
|
|
there, |
• |
';j'~~8;j' or^* Ss^co shura, |
|
|
from thence, |
,jJO.-ci shimdan. |
||
|
on this side, |
8 Jo Jo ^J |
bu tarafta. |
|
|
on that side, |
• |
8^! |
ottarafta. otede. |
|
here and there, |
^ ^' |
ote beri. |
|
|
every-where, |
»^/° |
her jerde. |
|
|
nowhere, |
"*^y g** Mshbiryer |
||
|
up above, |
• sLso — ^>L».-5 yocare. |
||
|
clown below, |
^Lol |
ashaghe. |
|
|
in front, |
v^' |
ileri. |
|
|
in rear, |
^7^ |
gueri. |
|
|
before, |
c^l |
un. |
|
|
behind, |
t>;l |
ard. |
|
|
within, |
jr$*.'~~"<5r?*.' |
itcheri. |
|
|
without, |
5rAJb-~(<)L^J |
die hare. |
97 —
under, beneath, above, upon,
much,
little,
for a long time,
early,
late,
far, {
near,
quickly,
to-day,
this evening,
yesterday,
to-morrow,.
the next day,
towards the morning,
during the day,
during the night,
at noon,
at midnight,
more,
too much,
together,
less,
so-so,
so, thus,
here, behold,
Turkish Grammar.
01*
alt
ust.
uzere.
tchoc.
dz.
tchoctariberi,
erken.
guetch.
uzac.
irac.
yak in.
tez.
tshapek.
bu gun.
bit akhsham.
dun.
yarin.
ertessy gun.
sabahlayin.
gunduzun.
guedjeleyn.
oylen.
giiedje yarese.
drtek.
zidde.
beraber.
eksik.
dyle.
boyle.
ichte.
— 98 —
|
f |
ijv^ |
Mtun. |
|
all, every, |
*JU^ |
djumle. |
|
I |
L^rJL_£& v |
hep. |
|
other, |
XJL&J L^T£ |
bachka. ghayre. |
|
always, |
I f ^j^N |
ddyma. |
|
now, at present, |
154X4-& |
shimdi, shindi. |
|
again, scarcely, |
jjjj* |
henuz. |
|
immediately, |
JLll^ |
fil-hdl. |
|
afterwards, |
sJilo |
sonrd. |
|
very, |
4$ |
pek. |
|
f |
L» |
katsh. |
|
how much? |
^ |
|
|
1 |
NtXftJ |
nekadar. |
|
very often, |
V |
sektsha. |
|
Juij |
nassel. |
|
|
• X^vO |
nidjeh. |
|
|
how? |
JjCi'L |
ne shekil) |
|
*L$^ io |
ne vejh-ileh. |
|
|
au^xj |
ne guiuneh. |
|
|
almost, |
^L^ |
heman. |
|
r |
^j I |
evet. |
|
yes, |
jL |
beli. |
|
no, there is not, |
o^ |
yok. |
|
no, |
7^ |
khair. |
|
again, |
L^ & |
dahd. |
|
also, |
t*^. £ |
dakhi. |
|
as much, |
\ U<£ |
kddar. |
|
most, |
& |
en. |
|
certainly, |
ycUo |
zdhlr. |
|
it is true, |
^^ |
guertshek. |
— 99 —
|
it is true, |
£r& |
sahih. |
|
successively, |
XJUt8«di6 |
sera-ela. |
|
very softly, |
L£|^ (>'>£ |
javach javach. |
|
henceforth, |
^7?*"? lO*-^-3*-? |
'bundan boyle. |
|
at least, |
&-wo! (jS& /&~^ |
hitsh deyil isse. bdri. |
|
opposite, |
y&y**3 y*u) |
kdrche be/car che. |
|
from time to time, •! |
^&T* |
vaket bevaket. guiah begiiiah. |
|
above all, |
l^y^ |
khucussa. |
|
at last, |
SjoL5^0 |
sonunda. |
|
perhaps, |
ijGL) |
belki. |
|
afresh, again, |
(j^xJo |
jeniden. |
|
for instance, |
^JUQ |
mesela. |
|
to suppose that, j |
*$"$ |
tutalom ki. farz edelim ki. |
|
take care! |
U ^Lo |
sakin ha! |
|
you are right, |
^!^ J:^ |
hakkenez vdr. |
|
several times, |
V |
tchoq kerre. tchend def a. |
|
at first, before now, \ |
y;i |
evvela. |
|
( |
ItXxil |
iptida. |
|
previously, |
Lcjuw |
mukaddema. |
|
as, like, |
' X" |
guibi. micillu. |
|
in such a manner that, |
^L^ |
giliuyaki. |
|
why? |
ur^^ |
nitchin. |
|
excellent! bravo 1 |
tf*yf |
aferin. |
|
so, as much, |
olkadar. |
|
|
7* |
— 100 —
by accident, by chance,
UUsI
kaza-ela. ittifaka.
POSTPOSITIONS.
The Turks have no Prepositions, all words so termed, are placed in the Turkish language after the noun, and hence are called Postpositions.
before,
after,
beyond,
since,
other,
by reason of,
proceeding,
outside,
inside,
as to,
towards,
as far as, until,
near, close, , far,
with,
on, after, concerning,
sohra.
ote.
beri.
ghctyri.
ma 'ada.
nashL
dishare.
itcheri.
yana.
doghru.
kddar.
deguin.
dek.
yakin.
uzak.
irak.
guore.
iley le.
uzre.
— 101 -4-
|
( |
.^..^xjl |
itchin. |
|
for, in order, |
^ |
dayr. |
|
I |
ts^^yk |
dolay. |
|
beyond, |
(S)+&i |
as here. |
|
instead of, |
2CU ,o |
yerine. |
|
near, by, |
*JoL |
ydnena. |
|
concerning, |
10*^ |
hakkena. khuciicuna. |
|
- |
_ |
|
|
CONJUNCTIONS. |
||
|
If, { |
/I |
eyer. |
|
( |
ftUtof |
isse. |
|
( |
u |
amma. |
|
but, however, |
^9 |
I akin. |
|
1 |
Njf |
ilia. |
|
then, |
^cX+jt |
imdi, indi. |
|
with, same, |
ytf |
Uleh. |
|
I. |
hdtta. |
|
|
if, but, |
iyCfl |
meyer. |
|
also, |
cs^^ |
ddkhi. |
|
I. |
5J> |
dd, de. |
|
because, since that, |
iOo^ |
tchunki. |
|
because, |
fe |
zirah. |
|
or, either, | |
O^^L yakhod. |
|
|
[ |
L ytf. |
|
|
until, until that, |
Li* ! to. |
— 102 —
and,
provided that, so that, provided that, only, that is to say,
hem.
tek.
ya'ni.
INTERJECTIONS.
Oh! well!
very well, bravo!
capital,
oh! oh! how nice! ah! eh! oh! well! let us see,
halloo!
hush! silence!
'tis a pity, what a pity !
oh! helas!
*JU!Ulo ;»t *l
L L
hayde.
aferin.
mas hall a.
ne guzel.
oh oh.
hay hay.
guel bakalem.
ey.
bana bak.
bak sana.
ya hu.
ya.
ey.
sus.
sus ol.
yazek.
ne yazek.
yazeklar olsiin.
meded.
ey vah.
103 —
oh! ah!
o God!
God be praised!
God be thanked!
oh! ah!
halloo!
oh!
take care, atten- tion!
*JUI
JO
subhan allah.
barek allah.
vdy.
bre.
be.
sakin.
guozunu dtch,
AT FEW PRACTICAL PHRASES.
Give me, bring me, if you please.
I beg. — Pray,
what do you want ? I want, I wish, is there? there is, there is not, where is it? never mind, do not be angry,
where are you going?
xu.! x3
ver bana. ghetir bana. eyer 1st er sin. —
herein et. ridja ederim. —
yalvarerem. ne istersin. isterim. varme.
vdr. — varder, jok, joktur. nerede. — nerde. zardr jok. ghudjenme. —
dharelma. nereyeghideyorsun.
— 104 —
I am going home, do you like it ? very much,
lend me,
do me the favour,
do you learn
turkish? take care, shut the door, I am tired, how so? give me that, open the door, ring the bell,
do you hear? call the servant,
make haste, I want,
I do not want,
I am ready,
are you ready?
yes, Sir,
no,
come here,
go away,
&-LI X
o
ei;^ ghideijorum. onu severmisin. pek tchok. —
ziyadecile. odundj ver bana. bu 'ynajeti eyle
bana. turktche oireniyor-
mucun. sd ken. k dp eye kdpd. yorghunum. nacel bmjle. chunu bana ver. kapuyu dtch. tchlngherdghe
tchdl.
'ichidly or mucun. khezmetcheye
tchdgher. tchapuk oL isterim. — bana
lazem. istemem. hdzerem. hdzermecen. evet efendim. khdyer. biirdya ghel. hdyde ghit.
— 105
go to bed, listen to me, he came, why? what for? I do not know, come quickly, do not be long, I shall wait for you, I am mistaken, I made a mistake, you are right,
will you do it?
yes, I will,
I cannot,
it is very nice,
it is beautiful,
I am thirsty,
are you hungry?
sit down,
take a seat,
what do they call - that?
the turkish lan- guage is har- monious.
the position of Constantinople is magnificent,
y Xft^ — * L
j>5 L>
vXli *.i* —
;<T;J
oo Lc.
yatagha ghit. dinle beni. gheldi.
mtchin.—ne-itchin. Mlmem. tchapek ghel. tchok dhurmd. seni bekleyedjeyim. yanlechem vdr. ydnlech ettim. hdcken vdr. —
hdckenez vdr. ~bunu yapdrmecen. beli yaparem. yapamdm. pek eyi. pek a'ala. sucamechem.
ddjmecen. — kdrnenezddjme.
othdr. — othurun. buyuritn othurun. bund ne dersin.
turki licane-nen sedaee Idlhifdir.
istdmbol-un mev- kyi'-y gha yet ghuzeldir.
— 106
what do you want?
your
what is
desire ? what will you give
me?
what is that? is it all right?
it is all right,
what kind of
money have you? I have english
money, what do you call
that in Turkish? whatis the name of
that in Turkish?
what is your name ?
what is the price of that?
it is six piastres (one shilling), it is very dear, it is very cheap,
it
ne drzularsen. — nedrzuldrsenez.
emriniz nedir. bdna ne verirsiniz.
bu ne dir. yolundame. — Her
chey yolundame. yolimda-der. —
pek egi.
ne djins dktchen vdr.
inghiliz pdrdm vdr.
bi~ma tiirktche ne dersin.
bunun de turktche ade nedir.
dden nedir. — ddenez nedir.
bunun pdhace ne-dir. — bunun fiyate kdtchter.
dlte ghuriichtur. — bir chilindir.
pek pahale-der.
pek udjuzdur.
— 107 —
I always sell cheap,
how much will you
give? I will only give you
six pence,
Good day, Sir, be welcome, how are you?
are you quite well?
very well (God be praised) andyou, how are you?
I hope that you are well,
Good night, are you hungry? I am very hungry.
have you anything ready for break- fast?
yes, Sir,
i /
U^ f wAwCu
'yX-WW
*JU!
0 w^)
dctima udjiiz satarem. nekaddr verirsin.
yalenez iitch.
ghuruch veririm
sana. sabahiniz khair ola
e fen dim. khoch gueldiniz
sulthanim. mizadji cherifiniz
nidje dir. ke'ifiniz enrni. chukiir 'ia siz nidje
sintz.
umid ederimki
mizadjiniz
e'iidir, e'iiciniz in
chd'dllah.
giledjeniz khair ola. karniniz atchmi. dju'i mufritha
dutchar oldum. kahve altyie hazir
bir cheiin iokmii.
evel sulthanim.
— 108 —
what have you for
dinner ? what do you wish
for Sir? can I give you some
roast meat? what will you take ? will you have a
little soup ? bring the fruit, there is beautiful
fruit!
are you thirsty? Ishould like to drink
a glass of wine, I am very thirsty, give me something
to drink, bring the wine, it is excellent, will you take tea
or coffee? give me a cup of
coffee, how do you like the
coffee? do you not under
stand what I say, I understand, but
I cannot speak,
wj
•jiy
15* r*
20
yX^AAAX) '^*M +*J<G
*j
>*
(L
«bAM
iemkde nemiz var.
ne istersiniz
sulthanim. bir kebabdan vere
im mi.
ne iemek istersiniz. bir az tchorba
istermiciniz . zemichi giietirin. ichte pek guzel
lemich.
sucuz mucunuz. pek en itcheim bir
kadeh charab. pek sucuzum. verin bir az itcheim.
charabi guetir. pek e'ii dir. kahve mi istersiniz
tcha'i mi. bana bir fildjan
kahve veriniz. nacil bu kahve.
soildiklerimi anla-
• mazmiciniz.
anlarim andjak
soiliemem.
109
by and by you will find it easy,
for the purpose of learning Turkish, one must speak it continually,
to speak it conti- nually, one must know something of the language,
well or ill al- ways, speak,
ogrenirsiniz. turktcJie eiisoilemek itchin syk syk soilemekguerek.
syk syk soilemek itchin Mr az l)ilmek guerek.
eiifena ddima soile.
PRACTICAL ENGLISH
AND
TURKISH DICTIONARY.
FOB TRAVELLERS.
|
ENGLISH |
TUEKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
Abandon, v. x |
brakmak |
acquit, v. |
fuchsuz |
|
able |
kabil, kadir |
across |
arkuru |
|
abolish |
ibtal etmek |
action |
da'va |
|
abominable |
mekruh |
active |
chabuk |
|
above |
jokari . |
admiration |
te'ajjub |
|
abound |
chok olmak |
admire, v. |
te'ajjub etmek |
|
about |
atraf |
adorn |
zinetlemek |
|
absent |
gaib |
advance, v. |
ileril gelmek |
|
absolutely |
mutlak |
advantage |
fa/ide |
|
absurd |
iakeshmaz |
adventure |
vakia |
|
abundance |
kesret |
advice ^ |
' naQihat |
|
abundant |
bol, chok |
affair |
matfahat |
|
abuse |
fend1 adet |
afraid, to be |
korkmak |
|
accept |
kabul etmek |
after, p. |
gonra |
|
acceptable |
makbul |
afternoon |
ikindi |
|
accompany, v. s |
He beraber gitmek |
again |
jine |
|
accomplice |
slierik |
against |
karshi |
|
according |
gore |
age |
jash |
|
account, v. |
hisab etmek |
agent |
vekil |
|
account |
hisab |
agree, v. |
milttefik olmak |
|
„ (news) |
khabar |
agreeable |
makbul |
|
accuse, v. |
shikajet |
aid |
imdad |
Ill —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUEKISH |
|
aim, v. |
nishan |
army |
asker |
|
air |
hava |
around |
chevre |
|
alarm |
korku |
arrange, v. |
duzeltmek |
|
alive |
diri |
arrest |
habs |
|
all |
hep, jumle |
arrival |
vugul |
|
alone ^ |
jaliniz |
arrive, v. |
gelmek |
|
also |
daha |
arrow |
ok |
|
although x |
egerchi |
art (science) |
Qana^at |
|
always |
daima |
as |
gibi |
|
ambassador |
iltchi |
ashamed, to be — |
utanmak |
|
ambition |
bujuk milrad |
ashes |
kill |
|
ambush |
pugu |
ask, v. |
gormak |
|
among |
mabein |
asleep, to be |
ujumak |
|
ancestors |
ejdad |
ass |
eshek |
|
ancient |
kadim |
assault, s. |
bagkin |
|
and |
ve |
assembly |
jem'ijet |
|
angel |
melek |
B/SSlStij V» |
imdad etmek |
|
anger |
ffhazeb, darghun- |
assistance |
imdad |
|
lik |
astonish, v. |
hairan etmek |
|
|
angry |
darghin |
astonished |
hairan |
|
animal |
haivan |
attempt, s. |
tejrube |
|
another |
bir bashka |
attempt, v. |
tejrube etmek |
|
answer |
jevab |
attend, v. (serve) |
millazemet etmek |
|
» * > v. |
jevab vermek |
attendance |
mulazemet |
|
ant s |
karinja |
attentive (to be) |
tekaijud etmek |
|
anxiety |
rahatsizlik |
authority |
kudret |
|
anxious |
rahatsiz |
autumn |
9** |
|
any |
hich |
awake |
oianik |
|
anybody |
kimse |
awful |
beibetli |
|
appear |
gorunmek |
awkward |
meharetsiz |
|
apple |
elma |
axe |
balta |
|
appoint, v. |
na$b, etmek |
Back, s. |
arka |
|
appointment |
mangib |
back, adv. |
giru |
|
approach |
jakin gelmek |
bad |
fena |
|
approve, v. |
razi olmak |
badness ^ |
fenalik |
|
arabic <* |
arabche |
bag |
chuval |
|
arm |
kol |
bake, v. |
furunda pishir |
|
arms |
silah |
mek |
— 112 —
|
ENGLISH TURKISH |
ENGLISH TURKISH |
||
|
baker -^ekmekji ball (cannon) gule |
bind, v. bird |
baghlamak kush |
|
|
bandage |
garghi |
birth |
doffhma |
|
banish |
stirgun etmek |
bitter |
aji |
|
bank (of a river) |
kenar, ark |
black |
kara |
|
„ (money) |
banka |
blacksmith ^ |
demirji |
|
banker |
sarraf |
blame |
zemm |
|
barber |
berber |
blind |
kior |
|
bare + |
r chiplak |
blood |
kan |
|
bark (of a tree) |
kabak |
blow, s. |
vurush |
|
barley |
arpa |
to blow, v. |
esmek |
|
bath |
hammam |
blue |
mam |
|
bathe, v. |
ijkanmak |
boar |
ydban |
|
battle |
jenk |
boat |
kayk |
|
be, v. |
olmak |
boatman |
kaykji |
|
bear, to, v. |
geturmek |
body |
ten |
|
bear, s. |
aiu |
boil, v. |
kainamak |
|
bearer ^ |
getilren |
bone |
kemik |
|
beard |
Qakal |
book |
kitab |
|
beat, v. |
vurmak |
borrow, v. |
b'dunj almak |
|
beautiful |
gilzel |
both |
iki |
|
beauty |
guzellik |
bottle |
shishe |
|
because |
chiinki |
bottom |
dib |
|
become, v. |
olmak |
box • |
kutu |
|
bed |
doshek |
boy |
Offhlan |
|
bee |
ari |
brain |
beini |
|
beer |
arpa fuju |
branch |
dal |
|
before |
evvel |
brass |
pirinj |
|
beggar „ |
dilenji |
brave |
yilrekli |
|
begin, v. |
bashlamak |
bread |
ekmek |
|
believe (v) x |
'inanmak |
break |
kirmak |
|
bell |
chan |
breakfast |
kahvalti |
|
belly |
karin |
breast |
goks |
|
below, pr. s |
ashaghi |
breath, s. |
foluk |
|
bend, v. |
eimek |
breathe, v. |
goluk almak |
|
besides |
bashka |
to bribe |
rishvet vermek |
|
between |
ara |
bride |
gelin |
|
beyond |
o bir tarafinda |
bridge |
kopril |
— 113 —
|
ENGLISH TURKISH ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
||
|
bridle ^ bashlik carpet |
khali |
||
|
bright |
berrak |
carriage |
araba |
|
bring, v. |
geturmek |
to carry |
geturmek |
|
broad |
enli |
cart |
yuk arabasi |
|
broom |
silpurge |
cartridge |
fishek |
|
brother |
kardash |
carve, v. |
kesmek |
|
brown |
esmer |
cat |
kedi |
|
bud |
Jills |
catch, v. |
tutmak |
|
brush |
fyrcha |
cattle |
$ygUr |
|
bug |
taklita biti |
celebrated |
meshhur |
|
build, v. |
iapmak |
ceremony |
teklif |
|
bull |
buffha |
certain |
gahih |
|
bullet |
kurshun |
certainly |
shiibhesiz |
|
burn, v. |
iakmak |
chain |
zinjir |
|
burst, v. |
patlamak |
chair |
sandalije |
|
bury, v. |
ff'ommek |
chamber |
oda |
|
business |
maglahat |
change, v. |
deyishilmek |
|
busy |
meshghul |
chalk |
tebeshir |
|
but |
amma, lakin |
cheap |
ujuz |
|
butcher |
kassdb |
cheat, v. |
aldamak |
|
butter |
yagh |
cheek |
janak |
|
buy, v. |
satun almak |
cheerful |
shen |
|
by |
ydkin |
cheese |
peinir |
|
cherry |
kiras |
||
|
Cabbage |
laliana |
chess |
shatranj |
|
cage |
kafes |
chicken |
pilij |
|
calf |
dana |
chief |
bash, reis |
|
camel |
deve |
child |
chodshuk |
|
camp |
ordu |
chin |
chaynai |
|
campaign |
sefer |
choose, v. |
oyuritemek |
|
canal |
oluk |
circle |
dai |
|
candle |
mom |
city |
shehir |
|
cannon |
top |
civil |
edebli |
|
caravan |
kiarvan |
civility |
edeb |
|
care, s. |
himmet |
clean |
temiz |
|
careful |
mukaijet |
clerk |
kiatib |
|
careless |
ihmalji |
climb, v. |
tyrmashmak |
|
carpenter |
duller |
cloak |
binish |
|
Turkish Grammar. 8 |
— 114 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUKK1SH |
|
clock |
sd'at |
conspiracy |
fitne |
|
cloth |
choha |
consul |
konsolos |
|
clothe, v. |
geydirmek |
consult, v. |
naQihat istemek |
|
cloud |
bulut |
consume, v. |
duketmek |
|
coat |
setteri |
content |
khoshnudluk |
|
coal |
komur |
continue, v. |
durmak |
|
coarse |
kaba |
contradict, v. |
karshe soylemek |
|
coffee |
kahve |
contrary, a |
karshe |
|
cock |
horos |
conversation |
soyleshme |
|
cold, ad |
souk |
cook, v. |
fishirmek |
|
cold, s. |
soukluk |
cook, s. |
ashje |
|
college |
medrese |
cool |
gouk |
|
colour |
renk |
copper |
bakur |
|
column |
direk |
copy, v. |
furet almak |
|
comb |
tarak |
corn |
boghdai |
|
come, v. |
gelmek |
corner |
koshe * |
|
comfort |
rahatlyk |
corpse |
jenaze |
|
comfortable |
rahat |
correct, v. |
diizeltmek |
|
command |
emr |
cost (expense) |
deymek |
|
to command, v. |
emr etmek |
cotton |
pambuk, pembe |
|
commerce |
alish verish |
counsel (advice) |
ogut |
|
common |
bayaghe |
count, v. |
Qaymak |
|
comparison |
teshbih |
cover |
ortu |
|
compare, v. |
benzetmek |
county |
vilaiet, memleket |
|
compel, v. |
mejbur etmek |
courage |
yurek |
|
compensation |
ivaz, mukidfdt |
court (of justice) |
mehkeme |
|
complaint |
shikdyet |
courtesy |
chelebilik |
|
complete |
temdm etmek |
cow |
inek |
|
compliment |
seldm |
cream |
kaimak |
|
conceal, v. |
gizlemek |
creator |
yaradeje, khdlik |
|
conclusion |
netije |
creature |
makhluk |
|
condemn |
hukm etmek |
crime |
guch, gundh |
|
condition |
shartj hdl |
criminal |
guchlu |
|
•conduct, s. |
tavr u hareket |
crooked |
eyri |
|
conduct, v. |
tedbir etmek |
crow |
qargha |
|
confuse, v. |
qareshdermak |
crown |
tdj |
|
confusion |
qaresheklek |
cruel |
rahmsez |
|
conscious |
duymak |
cry, s. |
chagherte |
115 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
cup |
filgan, tas |
descend |
enmek |
|
cure, s. |
shifd |
desert, v. |
brakmak |
|
curtain |
perde |
desert (wilder- |
issir yer |
|
cushion |
yagdek |
ness) |
|
|
custom |
ddet |
deserter |
kachken |
|
cut, v. |
kesmek |
despair |
umudsuzluk |
|
cypress |
serv |
despise |
khor gdrmek |
|
destroy |
bozmak |
||
|
Dagger |
khancher |
dew |
chih |
|
daily |
her ffunki |
diamond |
elmds |
|
damage |
ziydn |
dictionary |
loghat Utdbe |
|
damp |
nem |
die, v. |
olmek |
|
dance, v. |
khora |
difference |
fark |
|
danger |
mukhatara |
difficult |
gilch |
|
dark |
qaranlek |
difficulty |
gucUuk |
|
darkness |
qaranlek |
dig, v. |
kazmak |
|
date (time) |
tarikh |
dinner |
oyle ta-dme |
|
date ("fruit) |
khurmd |
dirty |
murdar |
|
daughter |
qez, kutz |
disease |
khastalek |
|
dawn of day |
gun agharmase |
disguise, v. |
tebdil etmek |
|
day |
gun |
dishonest |
erzsez |
|
dead |
b'lu |
dismiss, v. |
kovmak |
|
deaf |
gagher |
disorder |
nizamsezlek |
|
dear (beloved) |
sevgili |
dispute |
chekish |
|
dear (price) |
pahdle |
dissolve, v. |
erimek |
|
death |
olum |
distance |
mesafa |
|
debt |
alajak |
distant - |
irak |
|
deceit |
hile |
distress |
bela |
|
decide |
kesmek |
district |
ndhiye |
|
deed |
amel |
disturb, v. |
kareshtermak |
|
deep |
derin |
disturbance (riot) |
karesheklek |
|
defeat, v. |
bozmak |
ditch |
khandak |
|
defend, v. |
hefs etmek |
divide, v. |
taksim etmek |
|
delay, v. |
eylenmek |
do, to, v. |
etmek |
|
delightful |
gafale |
doctor |
hekim |
|
demand |
sudl |
dog |
kopek |
|
denial |
inkidr |
door |
kapu |
|
depth |
derinlik |
doubt |
shubhe |
|
8* |
— 116 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
doubtless |
shiibhesiz |
elegant |
latif |
|
down |
ashaghe |
elephant |
fil |
|
draw |
chekmek |
eloquent |
fagili |
|
drawers |
ish donu |
embrace |
kujmak |
|
dream, s. |
diish |
embroidery |
nakesh |
|
dress, s. |
esvab |
Emperor |
imperator |
|
drink, v. |
ichmek |
employment |
ish |
|
» »s- |
ichki |
empty |
bosh |
|
drop, s. |
damla |
encamp |
ordu kurmak |
|
drown, v. |
boghmak |
end |
$on, akher |
|
drum |
tall |
i endeavour |
jalid |
|
drunk |
serkhosh |
endless |
nihayetsiz |
|
dry |
kuru |
enemy |
dilshmen |
|
dumb |
dilsiz |
energy |
kuvvet |
|
durable |
dayarakle |
England |
ingilterra |
|
during |
vaktenda |
English |
ingiliz |
|
dust |
toz |
„ language |
ingilizche |
|
duty |
hack |
enormous |
oransez |
|
duty (tax) |
gumruk |
enough |
yetishir |
|
dye, s. |
boya |
enter, v. |
ffdrmek |
|
dynasty |
dl |
envy |
hased |
|
equal |
beraben |
||
|
Each |
her |
error |
khata |
|
eagle |
kartal |
escape, s. |
nejdt |
|
ear |
kulak |
escort |
kulaghuzlar |
|
early |
chabuk |
especially |
WlllQUQd |
|
earnest |
bejid |
establish |
dikmek |
|
earth |
yer, zemin |
eternal |
ebedi |
|
easily |
kolay |
Eunuch |
khddem |
|
East |
gun doffhusu |
Europe |
evropa |
|
easy |
kolay |
european |
evropale |
|
eat, v. |
yemek |
even (adj.) |
duz |
|
edge (of a sword) |
yalem |
evening |
akhsham |
|
edge (side) |
etek |
event |
majard |
|
egg |
yumurta |
ever (alway) |
dayma |
|
Egypt |
mifir |
every , |
her |
|
either |
birisi |
evidence |
shehadet |
|
elbow |
dirsek |
evident |
zahir |
— 117 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
examine |
imtihan |
fast (firm) |
berk |
|
examination |
imtihan |
fat |
semiz |
|
example |
ornek |
fate |
takdir |
|
except |
ghayri |
father |
baba, peder |
|
excessive |
olchusuz |
fatigue |
yorghunluk |
|
exchange, v. |
deyishtirmek |
fault |
kabahat |
|
n > S. |
deyish |
favour |
•utufet, kerem |
|
excuse |
uzur |
fear, s. |
korku |
|
execution |
ijra |
fear, v. |
korkmak |
|
expense |
magraf |
feast |
shenlik |
|
experience |
tejrube |
feather |
tuy |
|
N experiment |
imtihan |
feed |
beslemek |
|
explain |
beyan etmek |
female |
avret |
|
extinguish |
soyundilrmek |
ferry |
gechid |
|
extract |
kulaga |
fertile |
mafhullu |
|
extraordinary |
adetden dashra |
festival |
shenlik |
|
extremely |
gJiayet |
fever |
isitma |
|
eye |
goz |
few |
az |
|
eye (of a needle) |
yurdu |
fidelity |
vefa |
|
eye-ball |
bebek |
field |
tarla |
|
eye-brow |
hash |
% |
injir |
|
eye-lash |
kirpik |
fight, v. |
jenk etmek |
|
fight, s. |
doyush |
||
|
Face, s. |
yuz |
fill, v. |
doldurmak |
|
faith |
itiqad |
filth |
murdarlek |
|
faithful |
vefaddr |
final |
akhyr |
|
fall, v. |
dilshmek |
find |
bulmak |
|
false |
doghru deyil |
fine (delicate) |
inje |
|
fame |
ad, nam |
„ (penalty) |
jerime |
|
family |
ayal |
finger |
parmak |
|
famine |
ketlek |
finish |
bitirmek |
|
fan |
yelpaze |
fire |
atesh |
|
far |
uzdk |
firm |
berk |
|
farewell |
Allalia egmarla- |
first |
evvel |
|
dek |
fish |
balek |
|
|
fast (abstinence |
oruj tutmak |
fisherman |
kalekche |
|
from food) |
fist |
ffumruk |
|
|
fast (quick) |
chabuk |
fix, v. |
dimek |
— 118 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
flag |
bayrak |
fraud |
hile |
|
flat |
duz |
free |
azad |
|
flesh |
et |
freedom |
azadlik |
|
flint |
chakmak tashy |
frequently |
chok |
|
float, v. |
yuzmek |
fresh |
taze |
|
flood |
$u tashmasy |
friend |
dost |
|
floor |
dosheme |
friendly |
dostlu |
|
flour |
un |
frighten, v. |
korkutmak |
|
flow, v. |
akmak |
frog |
kurbaffha |
|
flower |
chichek |
front |
onn |
|
flute |
dudiik |
frontier |
serhadd |
|
fly, v. |
uchmak |
fruit |
yemish |
|
» » 8. • |
sinek |
full |
dolu |
|
foam |
kb'puk |
furious |
kuduz |
|
fodder |
otluk |
furnace |
furun |
|
follow, v. |
ardyna gitmek |
furniture |
ev takimi |
|
food |
yeyejek, ta'am |
future |
gelejek |
|
fool |
ahmak |
||
|
foolish |
ahmak |
Gain |
kazanj |
|
foot |
aiak |
gamble |
oynamak |
|
for |
ichiin |
game |
oyun |
|
forbid |
yagak |
garden |
baghche, bostan |
|
ford |
gechid |
gardener |
baghchevan |
|
forehead |
aryn |
garland |
istifan |
|
foreign |
ejnebi |
garlic |
garlmsak |
|
a foreigner |
gharib |
garrison |
muhqfiz asker |
|
forest |
ormanlik |
gate .. |
kapu |
|
forge, v. (iron) |
chekijlemek |
gay |
shen |
|
forget, v. |
onutmak |
General |
jeneral |
|
forgive, v. |
baghyshlamak |
generally |
ekseri |
|
fort |
kal'a |
generous |
jb'merd |
|
fortress |
kal'a |
gentle |
yavash |
|
fortunate |
bakhtli |
Gentleman |
effendi |
|
fortune |
bakhtli |
gift |
ata |
|
foundation |
temel |
girl |
kiz, bikr |
|
fountain |
bunjar |
give, v. |
vermek |
|
fowl |
tavuk |
glad |
shen, shad |
|
fox |
dilki |
glass |
jam |
— 119 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
glory |
nam |
gun |
tufenk |
|
glove |
eldiven |
gun (cannon) |
top |
|
glue |
tutkal |
gunpowder |
barut |
|
gnat |
sivri sinek |
||
|
go, v. |
ffitmek |
Habit (custom) |
adet |
|
goat |
kechi |
habit (dress) |
esvab |
|
gold |
altun |
hail |
tulu |
|
good |
eiii |
hair |
satch - |
|
goose |
kaz |
half |
yarim |
|
govern |
zabt etmek |
hall |
buyuk divankhane |
|
Government |
devlet |
hammer |
chekij |
|
graceful |
latif |
hand |
el |
|
gradually |
dereje He |
handful |
avuj, tutam |
|
grain |
bughday |
handkerchief |
makrama |
|
granary |
ambar |
handsome |
guzel |
|
grand-father |
dede |
hang (up) |
agmak |
|
grand-mother |
nene |
happen |
zuhur etmek |
|
grand-daughter |
kys torun |
happy |
seadetli, mutlu |
|
grape |
uzum |
hard |
kati |
|
grass |
ot |
hare |
tavshan |
|
grateful |
eyilik bilen |
harvest |
harman |
|
gratis |
muft |
hasten, v. |
ajele etmek |
|
grave, s. |
mezar, kabr |
hastily |
ajele ile |
|
graze |
otlamak |
hat |
shapka |
|
great |
buyuk |
hate, v. |
sevmemek |
|
green |
yeshil |
hawk ' |
atmaja |
|
grief |
kacavat |
he |
ol |
|
grind, v. |
uyutmek |
head |
bash |
|
groom |
seyis |
heal |
shifa vermek |
|
ground |
yer; toprak |
heap, s. |
yighin |
|
grow, v. |
bitmek |
hear |
ishitmek |
|
guess, v. |
takhmin etmek |
heart |
gb'nul |
|
guide, v. |
kulaghuzluk et- |
heat |
issijaklik |
|
mek |
heaven |
gokler |
|
|
guide, (runner) |
kulaghuz |
heavy |
aghir |
|
guilt |
guch |
heel, s. |
okche |
|
guitar |
tambura |
height |
yukseklik |
|
gum |
gamk |
heir |
varis |
— 120 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
|
Hell |
jehennem |
humanity |
insaniyet |
|
helm |
dilmen |
hunger |
ajlik |
|
help |
imdad |
hungry |
aj |
|
hemp |
kenevir |
hunt, v. |
avlamak |
|
hence |
bundan |
hunter |
avji |
|
herd |
suru |
hurt |
yaralamak |
|
hire |
kira |
husband |
koja |
|
hide, v. |
gizlemek |
||
|
hide, B. |
deri |
Ice |
buz |
|
hideous |
pek chirkin |
idea |
teQavvur |
|
high |
yuksek |
idle |
tembel |
|
Highness |
hazret |
if |
eger |
|
hill |
dagh |
ignorant |
bilmez |
|
history |
tarlkh |
ill (sick) |
hasta |
|
hold, v. |
tutmak |
illegal |
shar'a |
|
hole |
delik |
image |
Quret |
|
hollow |
kovuk |
imagination |
kliayal |
|
holy |
pak |
imitate |
uymak |
|
honest |
doghru |
immediately |
fil-hal |
|
honey |
bal |
immortal |
olmez |
|
honour |
itibar |
impatience |
fabersezlik |
|
hoof |
tirnak |
impertinence |
kustakhlik |
|
hook |
chengel |
important |
milhimm |
|
hope, s. |
umid |
impossible |
mumkin deyil |
|
hopeless |
umudsuz |
imprison |
hobs etmek |
|
horn |
buynuz |
improper |
milnasib deyil |
|
horse |
at |
imprudent |
akelsiz |
|
horse-shoe |
na'l |
in |
de, da |
|
horseman |
atli |
inclination |
meyl |
|
hospitality |
konukluk |
imcome |
irad |
|
host |
muzif |
increase |
artmak |
|
hot |
issijak |
incurable |
shifa olmaz |
|
hotel |
meykhane |
indeed |
fil-liakika |
|
hour |
scCat |
India |
Hindustan |
|
house, v. |
ev |
Indian |
hindustanli |
|
how |
nagyl |
indigo |
chivid |
|
how much |
ne kadar |
individual |
kishi |
|
human |
imam |
indolent |
kayghesiz |
— 121 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
industrious |
chalyshkan |
island |
ada |
|
industry |
hilner |
it |
ol, o |
|
inferior |
ashaghi |
itch |
uyuz |
|
infidel |
kiafir |
ivory |
fil dishi |
|
infinite |
nihayetsiz |
ivy |
garmashik |
|
inform, v. |
khabar vermek |
||
|
inhabitant |
oturan |
Jail |
zindan |
|
ink |
murekkeb |
jar |
kop |
|
inkstand |
divid |
jealous |
kezkanji |
|
inn |
loqanta |
jealousy |
kezkanjlik |
|
innocent |
gilnahsiz |
jelly |
pukhti |
|
inquire |
teftish etmek |
jest |
latife |
|
insane |
divane |
jew |
yahudi |
|
inscription |
yazi |
jewel |
jevahir |
|
insert |
gokmak |
join, v. |
yapeshdirmak |
|
insensible |
duymaz |
joint |
milshterek |
|
insolence |
yuzsuzluk |
journey |
yol, sefer |
|
insolent |
yuzsuz |
joy |
shenlik |
|
inspector |
nazir |
judge |
hakim |
|
instantly |
filhal |
judical |
sheri |
|
instead of |
yer-de |
jugglar |
hokkabaz |
|
instinct |
tabiat |
juice |
gu |
|
instrument |
alet |
jump, v. |
gyrchramdk |
|
insult, v. |
sitem etmek |
just |
doffhru |
|
insurrection |
zorbalik |
justice |
doghruluk |
|
intelligent |
akelli |
||
|
intention |
murad |
Keep |
gaklamak |
|
interpreter |
terjilman |
kernel |
chekirdek |
|
interrupt, s. |
kesmek |
kettle |
tenjire |
|
interval |
mdbeyn |
key |
anakhtar |
|
intrenchment |
meteris |
kick |
tepme |
|
intrigue (plot) |
girishijilik |
kid |
oghlak |
|
investigate |
teftish |
kiU |
oldurmek |
|
invisible |
gorunmez |
kind, adj. |
eyi |
|
invite, v. |
davet etmek |
kind, sort. |
nevi |
|
inundation |
tashkynlik |
king |
padishah |
|
iron |
demir |
kingdom |
memleket |
|
irregular |
yolsuz |
kiss, v. |
b'pmek |
— 122 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH TURKISH |
|
|
kitchen |
mutvak |
leg bajak, baldir |
|
|
knave |
haramzade |
legal |
sheri |
|
knee |
diz |
leisure |
vakit |
|
knife |
bychak |
lemon |
limun |
|
knot |
duyum |
lend, v. |
ayreti vermek |
|
know, v. |
bilmek |
length |
uzunluk |
|
leper |
judam |
||
|
Labour |
zahmet |
leprosy |
judamlik |
|
lace |
kaytan |
less |
daha az |
|
ladder |
nerduban |
letter (epistle) |
mektub |
|
lady |
khanum, kadin |
letter (alphabet) |
harf |
|
lake |
gol |
level |
duzlik |
|
lamb |
kuzu |
to tell lies |
yalan soylemek |
|
lame |
topal |
to lie down |
yatmak |
|
lamp |
chyragh |
liberty |
azadlik |
|
lancet |
neshter |
library |
kitab-khane |
|
land |
yer, toprak |
lie, s. |
yalan |
|
land, v. |
gemiden chekmak |
life |
'eumr |
|
language |
dil, lisan |
lift |
kaldyrmak |
|
lantern |
fener |
light |
aidinlik |
|
large |
buyiik |
lightning |
shimshek |
|
lark |
chayr |
like, to be |
benzemek |
|
last |
gon |
lime |
kirej |
|
late |
gech |
line |
chizi |
|
laugh |
gulmek |
lion |
arslan |
|
law |
sheriat |
HP |
dudakb |
|
lawful |
Tialal |
listen |
dinlemek |
|
lazy |
tembel |
little |
kucMk |
|
lead (guide) |
kulaglmzluk et- |
live, v. |
yashamak |
|
mek |
liver |
kara jiyer |
|
|
leaf |
yaprak |
lizard |
keler |
|
lean |
aryk |
load, v. |
yukletmek |
|
to lean against |
dayanmak |
load (a gun) |
doldurmak |
|
learn |
b'yrenmek |
lock, s. |
kilid |
|
leather |
meshin |
lock (of hair) |
zillf |
|
leave, v. |
brakmak |
lock (of a gun) |
chekrik |
|
leech |
sulilk |
lock, v. |
kilidlemek |
|
left |
gol |
locust |
chekirqe |
— 123 —
|
ENGLISH TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
|
long |
uzun |
marrow |
ilik |
|
look |
nazar |
marry, v. |
evlenmek |
|
looking-glass |
ayne |
mast |
direk |
|
loose, a |
gevshek |
master |
effendi, agha |
|
Lord (God) |
Allah |
mat |
hagir |
|
lose |
ghayb etmek |
mattress |
minder |
|
loss |
zarar |
me |
beni |
|
love, s. |
muhabbet |
meaning |
mana |
|
love, v. |
sevmek |
means |
chare, mal |
|
low |
alchak |
measure |
olchu |
|
lucky |
bakhtli |
measure, v. |
olchmek |
|
luck |
bakht |
meat |
et |
|
lungs |
jan evi |
medical man. |
hekim |
|
luxury |
israf |
meet, v. |
kavushmak |
|
melon (musk) |
kavun |
||
|
Machine |
alat |
melon (water) |
karpuz |
|
mad |
deli |
melt |
erimek |
|
magazine |
ambar |
memorandum |
kayme |
|
magistrate |
hakim |
memory |
zikr |
|
magic |
scherbazlik |
mend |
meremmet |
|
magnificent |
azametli |
mention, v. |
zikr etmek |
|
Majesty |
shevket |
merchandise |
meta |
|
make |
etmek |
merchant |
tujjar |
|
male |
erkek |
mercy |
merhamet |
|
malice |
kemlik |
merry |
shen |
|
man |
adem |
method |
UQUl |
|
manage |
idare etmek |
middle |
orta |
|
mane |
yeli |
milk |
sud |
|
manliness |
muruvvet |
mill |
deyirmen |
|
manner |
vejh |
mind |
ruh, firaset |
|
many |
chok |
mine (metals) |
madern |
|
how many? |
kach |
mirror |
ayne |
|
map |
kharta |
mischief |
fenalik |
|
marble |
mermer |
miser |
tamakiar |
|
mare |
kesrak |
miserable |
zevalli |
|
mark |
nishan |
misfortune |
bela |
|
market |
pazar |
mist |
duman |
|
marriage |
nikyah |
mistake |
yanlish |
— 124 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
mix, v. |
kareshdermak |
Nail (finger) |
ternak |
|
model |
b'rnek |
nail (iron) |
enser |
|
modest |
edebli |
naked |
cheplak |
|
moist |
nemli |
name |
isim |
|
moment |
dem |
narrow |
dar |
|
money |
para |
nation |
millet |
|
month |
aee |
native place |
doghdughum yer |
|
moon |
aee |
nature |
tabiat |
|
moonlight |
mahitab |
nature (disposi- |
mizaj |
|
more |
dalii |
tion) |
|
|
morning |
sabah |
near |
yakin |
|
morrow |
erte |
necessary |
gerek |
|
mortar |
havan |
neck |
boyun |
|
mortar (plaster) |
khorasan |
necklace |
gerlanlik |
|
mosque |
jami |
needle |
iyne |
|
moth |
guve |
neglect |
ihmal |
|
mother |
ana, valide |
neigh |
kishnemek |
|
mother-in-law |
kayin ana |
neighbour |
komshu |
|
move, v. |
teprenmek |
neither |
ne birisi |
|
mount, v. |
chykmak |
nephew |
kardash oghlu |
|
mountain |
dagh |
nest |
yuva |
|
mourn |
yas tutmak |
net |
agh |
|
mouse |
sechan |
never |
hich |
|
mouth |
aghiz |
nevertheless |
hele, lakin |
|
much |
chok |
new |
yeni |
|
mud |
chamur |
news |
khabar |
|
mule |
katir |
next |
gelen |
|
mushroom |
mantar |
night |
gedje |
|
murder |
katt |
no |
khayr, yok |
|
music |
musika |
noble |
sherif |
|
musician |
chalghiji |
nobleman |
sherif |
|
musk |
misk |
nobody |
kimse yok |
|
musket |
tufenk |
noise |
shamata |
|
mustard |
khardel |
nonsense |
bosh |
|
mutiny |
zorbalik |
none |
hich yok |
|
mutton |
koyun eti |
north |
shimal |
|
my |
benim |
nose |
borun |
|
nostril |
burun adiyi |
— 125 —
|
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
not |
deyil |
opium |
afiyun |
|
nothing |
hich bir shey |
opportunity |
forgat |
|
notwithstanding |
raghm, nisbet |
oppose, v. |
karshi durmak |
|
nourish |
beslemek |
opposite |
karshu |
|
now |
shimdi |
or |
ya |
|
nowhere |
hich bir yerde |
orange |
portukal |
|
nuisance |
zararli shey |
order (arrange- |
kanun |
|
number |
raqam |
ment) |
|
|
numerous |
jerf |
order (command) |
emr |
|
nurse |
daye |
origin |
agil |
|
nut |
fendik |
ornament |
zinet |
|
nut (walunt) |
jeviz |
other |
bashka |
|
nutmeg |
hindistan jevizi |
the other |
o bir |
|
out |
dashra |
||
|
Oar |
kurek |
oven |
furun |
|
oath |
yemin |
over |
ust |
|
obedience |
ita'at |
owe, v. |
borjlu olmak |
|
obedient |
muti |
owl |
baykush |
|
obey, v. |
ita'at etmek |
own (possess) |
malik olmak |
|
obstinate |
inadji |
ox |
okuz |
|
obtain |
almak |
||
|
occasionally |
furgat He |
Page (of a book) |
gahife |
|
occupation |
ish |
page (in waiting) |
ich oghlani |
|
offend, v. |
injitmek |
pain |
aghri |
|
offer, v. |
gunmak |
paint |
boya |
|
office |
mangib |
pair |
chift |
|
officer |
zabit |
palace |
serai |
|
often |
chok vakit |
palanquin |
takhti revan |
|
oil |
yagJi |
pale |
gary |
|
old |
eski |
palm tree |
khurma aghaji |
|
old (age) |
ikhtiyarlik |
pan |
tava |
|
olive |
zeytun |
paper |
kiaghid |
|
once |
bir kerre |
pardon |
'afv |
|
one |
bir |
parents |
ana baba |
|
onion |
goghan |
parrot |
tutu |
|
only |
bir, tek |
part |
pay, parcha |
|
open, v. |
achmak |
partner |
sherik |
|
opinion |
keias zan |
partridge |
keklik |
— 126 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH TURKISH |
|
|
pass, v. |
ffechmek |
pipe (tube) |
Ma |
|
patience |
gabr |
pipe (for water) kilnk |
|
|
patient |
gdbyrli |
pipe (for tabacco) |
chibuk |
|
pattern |
ornek |
pirate |
kurgan |
|
pay, v. |
b'demek |
pistol |
tabanja |
|
peace |
gulh |
pitch |
zift |
|
peacock |
tavus |
pity |
merhamet |
|
pear |
ermud |
place |
yer |
|
pearl |
inju |
plain (even) |
dilz |
|
pleasant |
kyoylu |
plait, v. |
bukmek |
|
pen |
kalem |
plane, v. (a tool) |
rendelemek |
|
penknife |
kalem-trash |
plant |
nebat |
|
people |
khalk |
play |
oyun |
|
pepper |
biber |
play (an instru- |
chalmak |
|
perfume |
guzel koku |
ment) |
|
|
perhaps |
belkih |
pleasant |
khosh |
|
perish |
helak olmak |
plenty |
kesret |
|
permission |
izin |
plough |
fapan |
|
Persia |
ajem |
plunder |
yaghma |
|
Persian |
farisi |
poetry |
sha'irlik |
|
person |
zat, kishi |
poet |
slia'ir |
|
perspiration |
terleme, ter |
point |
uj |
|
petition |
arzu-hal |
poison |
zehir |
|
pewter |
kalay |
police |
ihtisab |
|
pheasant |
suylun |
polish, v. |
jila |
|
philosopher |
feylisuf |
polite |
chelebi |
|
pickaxe |
- killunk |
pomegranate |
nar |
|
picture |
tapvir |
pond |
gol |
|
piece |
parcha |
pony |
kuchiik at |
|
Pig |
domuz |
poor |
fakir |
|
pigeon |
guverjin |
poppy |
khashkhash |
|
pilgrim |
haji |
pork |
domuz eti |
|
pill |
habb |
porter (carrier) |
hammal |
|
pillage |
yaghma |
porter (door- |
kapuju |
|
pillar |
direk |
keeper) |
|
|
pillow |
yagdik |
portmanteau |
jamedan |
|
pin |
toplu iyne |
possible |
mumkin |
|
pincers |
kegaj |
post (for letters) |
posta |
— 127 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUBKISH |
|
posthouse |
menzil-khane |
protect |
himayet etmek |
|
pot |
chomlek, kab |
proud |
maghrur |
|
potatoe |
yer elmasi |
prove |
isbat etmek |
|
pound, to |
ezmek |
proverb |
masal |
|
poverty |
fakirlik |
province |
eyalet |
|
pour, v. |
dokmek |
province (office) |
ish |
|
powder |
toz |
provision |
tedarik |
|
powder (gunpow- |
barut |
prudence |
ihtiyat |
|
der) |
prudent |
hushyar |
|
|
power |
kudret |
publish, v. |
ayan |
|
powerful |
kudretli |
pull, v. |
chekmek |
|
practise |
istimal |
pump |
tulumba |
|
praise |
medh |
punish |
hackindan gel- |
|
praise, v. |
medh etmek |
mek |
|
|
prayer |
dua, namaz |
pupil |
shagird |
|
pray, v. |
dua etmek |
pure |
temiz |
|
prefer |
terjih etmek |
purse |
kise |
|
present (adj.) |
hazir |
purposely |
kagden |
|
present (gift) |
hediye |
pursue |
ardynje gitmek |
|
pretty |
guzel |
push |
itmek |
|
prey |
yaghma |
put, v. |
komak |
|
pride |
maghruriyet |
put, on |
geymek |
|
Priest Prince |
papaz bey |
Quadruped |
dort- aydkli hai vein |
|
Prince (royal) Princess |
shah zade shah-zade |
quail quantity |
bildirjyn mikdar |
|
prison |
habs, zindan |
quarrel |
chekish |
|
prisoner private probably proclamation produce profession profit |
esir khass ghaliba nida peyda-etmek ish fayda |
quarter (one- fourth) quarter (in battle) quarter(of a town) Queen question quick |
cheyrek aman mahatt kyralicha sual chabuk |
|
promise proof |
va'd, voz delil |
quite |
temam |
|
proper |
miinasib |
Radish |
turp |
|
Prophet |
peyghamber |
rag |
pachavra |
— 128
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUEKISH |
|
rain |
yaghmur |
relation (family) |
akreba |
|
rainbow |
ileyim gaghma |
release |
khalag |
|
rainy |
yaghmurlu |
relieve |
imdad vermek |
|
raise |
kaldirmak |
religion |
din |
|
raisins |
kuru uzum |
remain |
kalmak |
|
rank |
rutbe |
remedy |
ilaj |
|
ransom |
kurtulma behasi |
remember |
akla |
|
rapid |
pek chabuk |
remind |
akla |
|
rare |
nadir |
remove |
geturmek |
|
rascal |
haramzade |
repair |
meremmet |
|
rash |
fikirsiz |
repeat |
tekrar demek |
|
rat |
ffeme sichani |
report |
chav |
|
ratify |
karar vermek |
reproach |
azar |
|
raw |
pishmemish |
repulse, v. |
def etmek |
|
ray |
pertev |
request |
rija |
|
razor |
ustura |
reservoir |
havuz |
|
read |
okumak |
resign |
vaz gechmek |
|
ready |
hazir |
resist |
karshi durmak |
|
real |
hakiki |
revolution |
niyet |
|
reap |
ekin bichmek |
respect |
hilrmet |
|
rear |
ard |
rest |
rahat |
|
reason |
akil |
rest, v. |
rahat etmek |
|
receipt |
VUQUl |
result |
netije |
|
receive |
kabul etmek |
retreat |
girii donme |
|
recently |
yeni |
return |
giril donmek |
|
recollect |
akla |
revenge |
oj |
|
recompense |
ejir |
revenue |
irad |
|
record |
defter |
revolt, v. |
zorba olmak |
|
recover (illness) |
shifta bulma |
reward |
ejir |
|
red |
kyrmizi |
rheumatism |
vejtii mefagil |
|
reed |
kamish |
rib |
eye gemii |
|
reflection |
'aks |
ribbon |
sherid |
|
refresh oneself |
tazelenmek |
rice |
pirinj |
|
refuse |
inkiar |
rich |
zengin |
|
regulation |
nizam |
to ride |
ata binmek |
|
rein |
dizgin |
ridicule |
istihza |
|
rejoice |
pek sevinmek |
right (not wrong) |
gerchek |
|
relation |
'alaka |
right (hand) |
gagh |
— 129 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
ring |
yuzuk |
saltpetre |
guvenchile |
|
riot |
kavgha |
salute |
selam |
|
ripe |
yetishmish |
salvation |
selamet |
|
rise, v. |
kalkmak |
salve |
melhem |
|
river |
nehr |
same |
heman, o |
|
road |
yol |
sample |
ornek |
|
roast |
kebab etmek |
sand |
kum |
|
rob |
chalmak |
savage, a |
yabani |
|
robber |
harami |
save |
kurtarmak |
|
robbery |
haramilik |
say |
demek |
|
rock |
kaysa |
scabbard |
kin |
|
roof |
dam |
scale (balance) |
terazinin gozu |
|
room |
yer, oda |
scale (of a fish) |
balik pulu |
|
root |
kok |
scar |
bere |
|
rope |
ip, urghan |
scarce |
nadir |
|
rose |
guiul |
scarcely |
guch He |
|
rot |
chiirukluk |
scarcity |
nadirlik |
|
rotten |
churuk |
scarlet |
iskerlet |
|
rough |
taslak |
to scatter" |
daghitmak |
|
round |
deyirmi |
scholar |
okur yazar |
|
rub |
ovmak |
school |
mekteb |
|
ruby |
Wai |
schoolmaster |
mektebji |
|
rude |
sert |
science |
'Urn |
|
ruin |
kharab |
scissors |
micras |
|
run |
eyirtmek |
scorpion |
'akreb |
|
rust |
pas |
scull |
bash changhi |
|
sea |
deniz |
||
|
Sabre |
kilij |
the Black-sea |
kara deniz |
|
sacred |
mukaddes |
seal |
muhur |
|
saddle |
eyer |
sealing-wax |
mum |
|
safe |
gagh |
search |
aramaklik |
|
safety « |
selamet |
season |
mevsim |
|
sagacity |
firaset |
second |
ikinji |
|
sailor |
gemiji |
secret |
sirr |
|
salary |
hack |
sect |
mezheb |
|
sale |
gatish |
see, v. |
gormek |
|
sale (by auction) |
mezad |
seed |
tokhum dane |
|
salt |
tuz |
seek |
aramak |
|
Turkish Grammar. 9 |
— 130 —
|
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
|
seldom |
nadir |
shot (small) |
$achma |
|
self |
kendi |
shot (bullets) |
kurshun |
|
to sell |
$atmak |
shoulder |
omuz |
|
send, v. |
gondermek |
show, v. |
gostermek |
|
sentence |
jumle |
shut, v. |
kapamak |
|
sense |
hasse |
sick |
hasta |
|
sentinel |
karavul |
sickle |
orak |
|
separate, v. |
ayrilmish |
sickness |
hastalik |
|
seraglio |
serayi Jmmayun |
side |
yan |
|
serpent |
yilan |
sieve |
kalbur |
|
servant |
khizmetkiar |
sight |
gorush |
|
service |
khizmet |
sign |
nishan |
|
settlement |
kesilme |
signal |
nisJian |
|
several |
bir kach |
signature |
imza |
|
severe |
sert |
silent |
sus |
|
sew, v. |
dikmek |
silk |
ipek |
|
shade |
golge |
silk (worm) |
ipek bojeyi |
|
shadow |
golge |
silver |
giimiish |
|
shake, v. |
fargak |
sin |
ffilnah |
|
shame |
ar |
since |
beri |
|
shape |
sliekl |
sincere |
gaf-derun |
|
sharpen |
bilemek |
sing, v. |
turkii chagirmak |
|
shave, v. |
trash etmek |
sink, v. |
batmak |
|
sheath |
kin |
syrup |
shiirub |
|
shed, v. |
db'kmek |
sister |
kilz-kardash |
|
sheep |
koyun |
sit, v. |
oturmak |
|
sheet |
charchav |
size |
Uiyukluk |
|
shell (bomb) |
kumbara |
skilful |
ma'rifetti |
|
shepherd |
choban |
skill |
ma'rifet |
|
shield |
kalkan |
skin |
deri |
|
shine, v. |
parlamak |
sky |
geeuk |
|
ship |
gemi > |
slander |
buhtan » |
|
shirt |
chamashir |
slave |
esir |
|
shoe |
pabuj |
sleep, v. |
uyumak |
|
shoot, v. |
atmak |
sleep, s. |
uyuku |
|
shop |
dukkyan |
sleepy |
uyushuk |
|
shopkeeper |
dukkyanji |
slender |
inje |
|
short |
kycca |
slice |
dilim |
— 131 —
|
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
ENGLISH |
TUKKISH |
|
sling |
gapan |
to speak |
soylemek |
|
slovenly |
murdar |
spear |
myzrak |
|
slow |
aghir |
spectacles |
gozluk |
|
small |
kiichuk |
spend, v. |
Qarf etmek |
|
smoke |
tutun |
spice |
bahar |
|
to smoke a pipe |
tutun ichmek |
spider |
orumjek |
|
smooth |
duz |
spin, v. |
eyirmek |
|
snake |
yilan |
spit, v. |
shish |
|
sneeze, v. |
aksirmak |
split, v. |
yarmdk |
|
snipe |
yelve kushu |
spoil, v. |
bozmak |
|
snuff |
enfiyye |
spoon |
kashik |
|
so |
oyle |
spot |
leke |
|
so much |
o kadar |
spring (season) |
evvel behdr |
|
soap |
$abun |
spring (of steel) |
zemberek |
|
society |
jem'iyyet |
spring (water) |
bunar |
|
soft |
yumushak |
sprinkle, v. |
serpmek |
|
soldier |
askeri |
spur |
mahmuz |
|
solid |
kati |
spy |
jasus |
|
some . |
bir |
squadron (ca- |
boliik |
|
somebody |
bir kimse |
valry) |
|
|
sometimes |
bazi vakit |
squadron (fleet) |
donanma taksimi |
|
somewhere |
bir yerde |
square, a. |
dort-koshe |
|
son |
oghl |
squirrel |
teyyun |
|
son-in-law |
damad |
stable |
akhor |
|
song |
turku |
staircase |
nerduban |
|
sorrow |
kasavet |
stand, v. |
durmak |
|
sorry |
mukedder |
star |
yildiz |
|
sort (kind) |
turlu |
starch |
ak nyshasta |
|
soul |
djan |
start, v. |
chykmak |
|
sound |
$eda |
station |
menzil |
|
soup |
chorba |
station (rank) |
mertebe |
|
sour |
ekshi |
steady |
paydar |
|
source |
bunar |
steal, v. |
chalmak |
|
south |
kyUa |
steel, s. |
chelik |
|
sow, to |
ekin ekmek |
steam |
bukhar |
|
spare aralik |
steep |
Carp |
|
|
spade bel |
step |
kademe |
|
|
spark kigliiljym |
still |
rahat |
|
|
9* |
— 132 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
sting, v. |
$okmak |
surround, v. |
cheveye almak |
|
stirrup |
uzengi |
suspicion |
ishkil |
|
stock (capital) |
sermaye |
swear |
yemin etmek |
|
stock (gun) |
kudak |
sweep, v. |
supilrmek |
|
stockings |
chorab |
sweet |
tatli |
|
stone |
task |
sweetmeats |
shekerleme |
|
stop, v. |
durmak |
swell, v. |
kabarmak |
|
storm |
furtuna |
swift |
chabuk |
|
story |
Jiykyayet |
swim |
yuzmek |
|
straight |
doghru |
swing, v. |
gallamak |
|
stranger |
ffharib |
sword |
kilidj |
|
straw |
faman |
||
|
street |
sokak |
Table |
tyrabeze |
|
strength |
kuvvet |
tail |
kuyruk |
|
stretch, v. |
germek |
tailor |
terzi |
|
strew |
gachmak |
take, v. |
almak |
|
strong |
kuvvetly |
take care |
dykkat etmek |
|
stupid |
akylsyz |
talk, v. |
lakyrdi etmek |
|
success |
rast gelme |
tall |
uzun boylu |
|
successor |
khalif |
tank |
havuz |
|
such |
boyle |
taste |
dat |
|
sudden |
ansiz |
to taste |
dadmak |
|
suffer, v. |
chekmek |
tax |
vergi |
|
sufficient |
yetisMr |
tea |
chay |
|
sugar |
sheker |
teach, v. |
oyretmek |
|
sugar (candy) |
nebat shekeri |
tear, v. |
yiratmak |
|
suit (at law) |
dava |
tear |
goz yashi |
|
summer |
iats |
telescope |
dilrbin |
|
summit |
bash |
to teU |
demek |
|
summons |
cliaghyrma |
temper |
mizaj |
|
sun |
gilnesh |
temperate |
itidally |
|
sunshine |
gunesh aydinlighi |
temple |
ibadet-gyah |
|
superfluous |
artyklama |
temptation |
ighva |
|
superintendent |
nazir |
tenant |
kirajy |
|
supper |
akhsham manjasi |
tent |
chadyr |
|
support, v. |
dayatmak |
terrible |
korkulu |
|
surprise |
te'ajjub ' |
thank |
shukilr |
|
surrender, v. |
teslim etmek |
thankful |
teshekhiir etmek |
— 133 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
then |
o vakyt |
together |
beraber |
|
there |
orada |
tomb |
mezar |
|
therefore |
onun ichun |
to-morrow |
yaryn |
|
these |
bunlar |
tongue |
dil |
|
they |
anlar |
too |
daha |
|
thick |
koyu |
tool |
alat |
|
thief |
khyrsyz |
tooth |
dish |
|
thigh |
bajak |
top |
bash |
|
thin |
inje |
torch |
mash :ala |
|
thing |
shey, nesne |
torment |
azab |
|
think |
fikir etmek |
torrent |
seyl |
|
thirsty |
gusuz |
tortoise |
kaplumbagha |
|
thorn |
diken |
torture |
ishkenje |
|
those |
anlar |
to touch |
dokanmak |
|
thou |
sen |
to tow |
yedeye |
|
thought |
fikir |
towards |
doghru |
|
thoughtless |
fikirsiz |
towel |
peshkir |
|
thread |
iplik |
tower |
kulle |
|
threaten, v. |
korkutmak |
town |
shehir |
|
throat |
boghaz |
trade |
tijaret |
|
throne |
katy |
traitor |
khayn |
|
throw, v. |
atmak |
to translate |
terjume etmek |
|
thumb |
bash parmak |
translation |
terjume |
|
thunder |
gyok gurlemesi |
translator |
terjume eden |
|
thus |
dyle |
trap |
duzak |
|
thy |
senin |
travelling |
yoljuluk |
|
to tie |
baghlamak |
to travel |
sefer, yol |
|
tiger |
kaplan |
tray |
Qahan |
|
tight |
dar |
treachery |
khyyanet |
|
tile |
kiremit |
treasury |
beylik |
|
till |
kadar |
treaty |
'ahd |
|
time |
vakit, vakt |
tree |
aghaj |
|
tin |
kalay |
to tremble |
titremek |
|
tired |
yorulmak |
trial |
imtihan |
|
title |
lakab, paye |
tribe |
kabile |
|
to toast |
kyzartmak |
trick |
fenn |
|
tobacco |
tutun |
troop |
jema'at |
|
to-day |
bu gun |
to trot |
linklemek |
— 134 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
trouble |
zahmet |
upon |
uzre |
|
trowsers |
pantalon |
upright |
doghru |
|
true |
gerchek |
uproar |
shamata |
|
trumpet |
boru |
us (to us) |
bizi, bize |
|
trunk (box) |
candyk |
use, v. |
kullanmak |
|
trunk (tree) |
kutuk |
useful |
faydaly |
|
trust, v. |
itimad etmek |
useless |
faydasyz |
|
trustee |
vekil |
usual |
adeta |
|
truth |
gercheklik |
||
|
to try (endeavour) |
chalyshmak |
Vagabond |
khovarda |
|
to try (investigate) |
imtihan etmek |
vain maghrur |
|
|
tulip |
laleh |
valley |
dere |
|
tumult |
shamata |
valuable |
kimetly |
|
turban |
Qaryk |
value |
kimet |
|
tune |
naghme |
various |
tllrlu turlu |
|
the Turk |
turk, osmanli, |
vast |
engin |
|
milsliman |
veal |
dana eti |
|
|
Turkey |
tiirkistan |
veil |
nikab |
|
Turkey in Europe |
rum Hi |
vein |
damar |
|
turkish |
osmanli, turk |
velvet |
kadi/e |
|
turkish language |
tilrkje |
venerable |
izzetly |
|
turnip |
shalgham |
vermin |
bojekler |
|
to twist |
bukmek |
verse (poetry) |
beyt |
|
tyrant |
zalim |
very |
pek |
|
to vex |
injitmek |
||
|
Ugly |
chirkin |
victorious |
ghalib |
|
umbrella |
shemsiyye |
victory |
zefer |
|
unanimous |
yekjihet |
vile |
alchak |
|
uncle (paternal) |
amdja |
village |
kyoy |
|
uncle (maternal) |
dayy |
vinegar |
sirke |
|
under |
alt |
vineyard |
bagh |
|
to understand |
anlamak |
violence |
zor |
|
uneasy |
rahatsyz |
virgin |
bikir |
|
unfortunate |
oghursuz |
virtue |
fazilet |
|
unjust |
adaletsiz |
virtuous |
ehli fazilet |
|
unless |
gelmezse |
visible |
goruniir |
|
until |
kadar |
visit |
ziyaret |
|
up |
yokary |
voice |
sess |
— 135 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
volley |
atma |
welcome |
khosh geldin |
|
volume |
jild |
well (good) |
eyi |
|
vulgar |
kaba |
a well (water) |
koyn |
|
vulture |
ok baba |
west |
gun batysy |
|
wet |
yglak |
||
|
Wager |
bahs |
what |
ne |
|
waist-coat |
yelek |
wheat |
bughday |
|
to wait |
beklemek |
wheel |
teker |
|
to wake |
oyanmak |
when |
ne, vakyt |
|
to walk |
yurumek |
whence |
nereden |
|
wall « |
duvar |
where |
nerede |
|
wander, v. |
gezmek |
which |
ne, hanghi |
|
to want |
ihtiyajym var |
while |
dem |
|
war |
jenk, sefer |
whip |
kamchy |
|
warm |
ysajak |
to whisper |
fiQildamak |
|
wash, v. |
yykamak |
white |
beyaz |
|
wasp |
yaban orysy |
who (rel.) |
kih |
|
to waste |
kharab etmek |
who (interr.) |
kim |
|
watch (time piece) |
sd'at |
whole |
butun |
|
watch (milit.) |
neubet |
whose |
kimin |
|
watch-horse |
bekjy-khanesi |
why |
nichun |
|
to keep watch |
dykkat etmek |
wide |
inlu |
|
watchman |
neubetjy |
widow |
dul kary |
|
water |
su |
wife |
kary, ehl |
|
wave |
dalglia |
wild |
yabani |
|
wax |
bal mumu |
to win |
ele geturmek |
|
way (road) |
yoi |
wind |
ruzgiiiar |
|
we |
biz |
window |
penjere |
|
weak |
za'if |
wine |
sherab |
|
wealth |
mal |
wing |
kanad |
|
weary |
yorghun |
winter |
kish |
|
weather |
havah |
to wipe |
silmek |
|
weave, v. |
dokumdk |
wire |
tel |
|
wedding |
duyun |
wisdom |
akillilik |
|
week |
hafta |
wise |
akilli |
|
to weep |
aglilamak |
to wish |
arzulamak |
|
weigh, v. |
tartmak |
wish, s. |
milrad |
|
weight |
tarty |
with |
He |
— 136 —
|
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
ENGLISH |
TURKISH |
|
within |
ichinde |
writer |
yazyji |
|
without (outside) |
dashra |
wrong |
Jefa |
|
without (wanting) |
siz |
||
|
witness |
shahid |
Yard (court) |
avlu |
|
wolf |
kurd |
yard (measure) |
ingiliz endaze |
|
woman |
kari |
year |
sene, yyl |
|
wonderful |
ajib |
yearly |
her yyl |
|
wood (timber) |
odun |
yellow |
$ary |
|
wood (forest) |
orman |
yes |
evet |
|
wool |
yun |
yesterday |
dun |
|
woollen |
yunden |
yet |
ddka, hele |
|
word |
soz |
yoke |
boyunduruk |
|
work |
ish |
you |
siz |
|
workman |
ishjy |
young |
genj |
|
world |
dunyah |
your |
sizin |
|
worm |
kurd |
youth |
ffenjlik |
|
worth |
kimet |
||
|
to be worth |
deymek |
Zeal |
ghayret |
|
wound |
yara |
zealous |
ghayretli |
|
wrist |
bilek |
zephyr |
badi gaba |
|
to write ^ |
yazmak |
zinc |
tutiya |
COINS USED IN TURKEY.
I GOLD.
Value 100 Piastres or 1 lira = £ 18. 2
50 „ or 1/2 „ - 9. 1 25 „ or i/4 „ = 4. 6i/2
II SILVER.
20 piastres. . . . . £ 3. 7i/2 10 „ . . . . . 1. 93/4
5 „ 11
2 „ 4
1 2
III COPPER.
20 paras 10 „ 5
ENGLISH MONEY.
Piastres Para
1. is worth 109 = —
1 Shilling „ 5 = 10
1 Penny „ — 18
LEIPZIG, PRINTED BY W. DBUGULIN.
LIST OF
TURKISH-ARABIC-PERSIAN.
and other Oriental Grammars, Dictionaries and Dialogues
on Sale or published by
M" FRANZ THIMM
European and Oriental Bookseller wud Publisher
24 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, London,
BOOKS IN ALL THE LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.
Turkish Language.
REDHOUSE'S Turkish and English and English and Turkish
Dictionary. 80. 1857 1 10 0
BIANCHI ET KIEFER, Dictionnaire Turc francos et
francos Turc. 4 Vols. 80 6 10 0
SAUERWEIN, pocket Dictionary of the English and
Turkish languages (in english characters). 0 5 0
ABU-SAID, Turkish Self taught, being a practical and easy
method of learning the Turkish Language. 8». 1877. .050
TURKISH -RUSSIAN -FRENCH AND ENGLISH, Voca- bulary for Travellers in the East 0 2 6
Arabic Language.
ARABIC SELF TAUGHT, being a practical and easy method of learning the Arabic Language, (in the press.)
CATAFAGO, Arabic English and English and Arabic.
Dictionary. 2 Vol. 8<> 220
NEWMAN'S Handbook of Modern Arabic. 80 060
Persian Language.
FORBES, Grammar of the Persian Language. 1861. ... 0 12 6 PALMER, Concise Dictionary of the Persian Language. . 0 10 6
Hindustani Language.
HINDUSTANI SELF TAUGHT (in the press.)
DOWSON'S Hindustani Grammar. 1872 0 10 6
FORBES, Hindustani and English Dictionary. Roy. 8». . . 2 12 6
Singalese-Tamil-Telugu and Malay Languages.
SANGARABA. A Grammar of the Singalese Language. 1852. 200
RHENIUS, A Grammar of the Tamil language. 1876. . . 0 10 6
ARDEN'S progressive Grammar of the Telugu language. 1874. 0 14 0
MARSDEN'S Grammar of the Malayan language. 4°. 1812. 0 15 0
Chinese Language.
SUMMER'S Rudements of the Chinese Language. 120. 1864. 076
STENT, A Chinese and English Pocket Dictionary 0 10 6
DOUGLAS, the language and literature of China 050
Japanese Language.
ASHTON, Grammar of the Japanese spoken language. . . 0 12 0
SATOWS English and Japanese Dictionary. 1876 0 12 0
Sanscrit Language.
BALLANTYNE, First lessons in Sanscrit Grammar. ... 040
BENFEY, Grammar of the Sanscrit language 0 10 6
COWELL'S Short Introduction to Prakrit 036
SCHLEICHER. Comparative Grammar of the Indo Euro- pean, Sanscrit, Greek and Italian Languages, part. I. . 0 7 6
Coptic Language.
MC. DONALD'S Coptic Grammar for self-tution. ..... 0 3 6
Egyptian Language.
BRUGSCH, Grammaire hieroglyphique, 1872. ...... 1 5 0
PAGE RENOUF. An Elementary Grammar of the ancient
Egyptian language in the hieroglyphic Type. 4°. ... 0 7 6
Cuneiform.
OPPERT, Elements de la Grammaire assyrienne. 2. Ed, 1868. 050
RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
202 Main Library
|
LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE |
2 |
3 |
|
4 |
5 |
6 |
ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS
Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date.
Books may be Renewed by calling 642-3405
DUE AS STAMPED BELOW
AUG B 3 1993
06 '93
FORM NO. DD6
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720
®s
U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES