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GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

FRONTISPIECE

3*

PHILIP PEARSALL CARPENTER (1819-1877)

The Geological Society of America
Memoir ^6

TYPE SPECIMENS OF

MARINE MOLLUSCA

DESCRIBED BY

P. P. CARPENTER FROM

THE WEST COAST
(San Diego to British Columbia)

BY

KATHERINE VAN WINKLE PALMER

Paleontological Research Institution
Ithaca, New York

December 8, 1958

Made in the United States of America

TEXT PAGES COMPOSED AND PRINTED BY THE WILLIAM BYRD PRESS

PLATES PRINTED BY THE MERIDEN GRAVURE COMPANY

BOUND BY RUSSELL-RUTTER COMPANY

PUBLISHED BY THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
419 WEST 117 STREET, NEW YORK 27, N. Y.

The Memoir Series

of

The Geological Society of America

is made possible

through the bequest of

Richard Alexander Fidlerton Penrose, Jr.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to acknowledge the genuine and encouraging interest in
the progress of this report by molhiscan workers on the West Coast since the an-
nouncement of its initiation in 1945. Their persistent but understanding inquiries
as to its progress have been a stimulation.

Thanks are extended to the American Philosophical Society for financial help
(Grant No. 788) in connection with the accumulation of data and to Waldo
Schmitt and authorities of the U. S. National Museum for providing the photo-
graphic negatives of the types of Carpenter West Coast species in the Division of
MoUusca. Those negatives have been placed on file in that division. The authori-
ties of the British Museum ( Natural History) , Zoology Division, have generously
presented photographs of the types of the species in that institution.

Splendid co-operation has been given by all the institutions and their staffs
who have been connected with the study of the Carpenter material. The writer is
happy to extend grateful thanks to each of them :

T. H. Clark, Mrs. Alice Johannson Turnham, J. D. Cleghorn, Vicente Conde,
J. W. Pollack, and Harold Coletta, Redpath Museum, McGill University; Lovell
G. Mickles, Montreal, Canada ; Paul Bartsch, Harald Rehder, and Joseph P. E.
Morrison, U. S. National Museum ; H. A. Pilsbry, John Dyas Parker, and Mrs.
Venia Phillips, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; W. J. Rees, the
late G. L. Wilkins, and A. C. Townsend, British Museum (Natural History) ;
Carl E. Guthe and Alvin G. Whitney, New York State Museum ; William J.
Clench, R. Tucker Abbott (formerly), and Ruth D. Turner, Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Harvard University ; J. Wyatt Durham and William K. Emer-
son, University of California : Fritz Haas, Chicago Natural History Museum ;
Howard K. Gloyd, Chicago Academy of Sciences ; A. Myra Keen, Stanford Uni-
versity; John C. Armstrong and Frederick V. Weir, American Museum of
Natural History; W. Storrs Cole, Cornell University; John Q. Burch, editor.
Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California ; J. R. le B. Tomlin, St.
Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, England ; Miss Mary B. Cobb, Boston Society of Na-
tural History; Miss J. M. Tharpe and Miss Frances Lauman, reference librarians
of Cornell University. Thanks are due Mr. J. F. Ogle-Skan of Manchester, Eng-
land, and J. R. Rimmer, Municipal Museum and Art Gallery, Warrington,
England. H. A. Pilsbry and Joshua L. Baily, Jr., have read the manuscript and
have been generous in their recommendations for publication.

The photograph of Philip Carpenter (frontispiece) is a copy of an enlarged
one in the Redpath Museum. A similar photo is in the Mollusca Division, Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology ; two other pictures of Carpenter are in the latter
institution. The writer wishes to thank the authorities of both institutions for the
privilege of having copies made.

The librarian of the University of California also allowed a microfilm made
of the manuscript of West Coast concholog}' by J. G. Cooper which is in the li-
brary of the University of California.

vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to thank her husband, E. Laurence Pahner, for critical
reading of the preHminary general portion of the manuscript.

Grateful appreciation is extended to Siemon W. Muller, Charles E. Weaver,
and Wendell P. Woodring for their support.

CONTENTS

Abstract 1

Introduction 3

Purpose 3

Preparation 6

Philip Pearsall Carpenter 7

Life 7

Scientific career 8

Association with institutions and collections 11

Alazatlan collection 11

British Museum (Natural History) 12

U. S. Exploring Expedition and A. A. Gould 12

New York State Cabinet of Natural History (Museum) ■ 13

Smithsonian Institution 13

Warrington Free Museum and Library 13

Redpath Museum, McGill University 14

Collectors of West Coast Species Described by Carpenter 14

Depositories of Types 19

List of Types Not Found 25

Present-Day Carpenter Material 26

Species as listed by Dall ( 1921 ) and the present report 26

Collections of Carpenter's species 31

Type Localities south of San Diego 44

Species Described from Mazatlan which Range North 44

Nomina nuda 45

Extraneous species 46

Stratigraphic Distribution of the Species 46

Generic Names Described by Carpenter 53

Type Species Described by Carpenter 55

Systematic Descriptions 57

Explanatory remarks 57

Pelecypoda 60

Scaphopoda 118

Gastropoda 120

Amphineura 261

Bibliography 287

Explanation of Plates 325

Index 362

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES

Plate

Philip Pearsall Carpenter (1819-1877) Frontispiece

Facing page

1. Huxleyia, Barbatia, Nticula, Glycymeris, and

Philobrya 326

2. Pecten and Nuculana 327

3. Pecten 328

4. Modiolus, Adula, and Asthcnothacrus 329

5. Pandora and Ostrea 330

6. Cu^pidaria, Leiomya, and Pandora 331

7. Glaus, Eucrassatella, Mysclla, Astarie, and Axinopsida 332

8. Miodontiscus and Lucina 333

9. Pscudopythina, Kellia, Prtstes, and Humilaria 334

10. Compsomyax, Nemocardium, and Lepton 335

11. Protothaca, Pscphidia, and Chione 336

12. Pctricola and Coopcrella 337

13. Macoma and Tellina 338

14. Darina, Macoma, Apolymctis, Crepidtila, and Scmcle 339

15. Gari, Sphenia, and Corhula 340

16. Macoma, Psamnwbia, Callopoma, and Gari 341

17. Dentalium, Solariella, Margarites, Calliostoina, Cidarina, and Acmaea 342

18. Littorina, Lacuna, Phasianclla, Margarites, Acmaea, Lcpcta, Puncturella, and

Fissurella 343

19. Tegula, Cythnia, Halistylus, Tcinostonw, Liotia, Arenc, HomaloPoma, Astraca,

Lacuna, and Phasianclla 344

20. Barleeia, Tachyrhynchus, Turritella, Caecmn, Micranellum, Alabina, Petaloconchus,

Albania, Cerithidea, Diastoma, Opalia, and Epitonimn 345

21. Hipponix, Vclutitm, Odostomia, Tercbra, Calypfraca, Iselica, and Turbonilla 346

22. Opalia, Barleeia, Bittium, Epitonimn, Ah'ania, Diata, and Turbonilla 347

23. Ocenebra, Anachis, Aesopus, and Amphissa 348

24. Kellctia, Olivella, Cystiscus, Gibberulina, and Admcte 349

25. Voh'ulclla, Mitronwrpha, Propebcla, Mangclia, Willianiia, Cylichnu, and Acteocina 350

26. Cystiscus, Admete, Ocenebra, and Mitrella 351

27. Atys, Mangelia, Pallochiton, Cyanoplax, and M opalia 352

28. Mangelia, Leptochiton, Cyanoplax, and Nuttalina 353

29. Chaetoplenra and Ischnochiton 354

30. Ischnochiton and Chaetoplenra 355

31. Ischnochiton and M opalia 356

32. Callistochiton, Mopolia, Dcndrochiton. Acofithochitona and Ischnochiton 357

33. Ischnochiton, Mopalia, Basilinchiton, and Callistochiton 358

34. Ischnochiton coopcri 359

35. Ischnochiton and Leptochiton 360

TABLES

Table

Page

1. Type localities of species described by Carpenter from the West Coast 37

2. Stratigraphic distribution of species 48

ABSTRACT

Philip P. Carpenter ranks next to W. H. Dall and Paul Bartsch in the num-
ber of marine molluscan species described from the West Coast, San Diego to
British Columbia. More than 270 Carpenter species, fossil and Recent, and many
more names are involved in the present study. Illustrations of more than 190
types and of many original specimens with pertinent data are included. Only 4 of
about 50 pelecypod species and only about one-fifth of the t}'pes of the gastropods
have had the types figured previously. Authentic whereabouts of the types have
been determined, lists regarding depositories of types, type localities, evaluation
of names, analysis of available Carpenter material, and historical background
have been included. IJecause Carpenter was one of the important figures in early
American conchology, the historical background presents a partial picture of that
time (ca. 1841-1870). The fossil distribution of each Recent species where known
is included. A stratigraphic distributional chart is inserted. This reveals the re-
lationship between the fauna of the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent
species of the area studied. The importance of the illustration of the large number
of heretofore unfigured types of common species, fossil and Recent, may be re-
flected in more refined taxonomic. ecological and paleoecological, statistical, and
distributional studies of the late Cenozoic mollusks.

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE

Those who are familiar \\ith the marine molhiscan fauna of the West Coast
do not need an explanation for placing on record, for the first time in most cases,
the figures of Carpenter's types. For the benefit of those less well acquainted, the
following facts may give a brief resume of the problem involved.

The area of the species under discussion is confined to the West Coast of the
United States from San Diego northward. It is the province covered by Dall in
U. S. National Museum Bulletin (1921) No. 112 and that of the lists appearing
in the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California. Those lists
make a convenient accompanying guide. Such a unit excludes those species de-
scribed b}' Carpenter from south of San Diego, except where they range into the
northern province. The southern areas from Panama north deserve a separate
publication or publications. Illustrations and data have been accumulated with
this in mind. Carpenter's IMazatlan Catalogue (1857) is a work unto itself and
would be best illustrated with a series of plates to accompany the already printed
text. The types of the species described in that catalogue are in the British Mu-
seum (Natural History). Because of the magnitude of the problem it appeared
proper to limit the area involved so that the major portion of the whole project
could be completed in a reasonable length of time.

Of 496 species of pelecypods in the region involved (the number which Dall
compiled up to 1921 in Bulletin 112), nearly half were described by Dall. Car-
penter described about 50 species or nearly one-tenth of the total number. Conrad
is the only other worker who described a number (about 45^) comparable to that
of Carpenter. DalP is the author of about half of the specific names of gastropods
which he recorded from the same area, and Bartsch is the author of less than one-
fifth of the same number. Carpenter ranks next in importance with about 176
species. No other person is credited with authorship of more than 40 species.

There are approximately 270 species (including those of Carpenter and
others) and many more names involved in the present study. Only 4 of the 50
pelecypod species described by Carpenter have had the types figured, and some
of these figures are not adequate. Of about 176 gastropod species concerned prob-
ably only about one-fifth have had the types illustrated. Because of the extensive
monographic work of Pilsbry and early efiforts of Dall, the Amphineura described
by Carpenter, either published or in manuscript, have been generally illustrated.
Further discussion in regard to the chitons will be given under that group.

The conspicuous lack of illustrations of the Carpenter types has been a
stumbling block to the identification and interpretation of the many Carpenter
species. Philip Carpenter described more than 500 new species and published

1 Figures, except those of Carpenter, derived by count in Bulletin 112.

2 Including species of joint authorship with I?artsch. The same species are also counted
under Bartsch authorship.

4 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

voluminous notes, yet only two of his papers include illustrations, and only one
new species was figured by him, except for sectional drawings of several new
species. The absence of figures in Carpenter's works has been a source of criticism
of otherwise exceedingly deserving efforts. Less careful and less brilliant con-
chologists of his day have not been so severely judged, for they included illustra-
tions in their works.

The chiton manuscript which was not complete at the time of Carpenter's
death did contain the series of drawings which had been executed under Carpen-
ter's supervision. Those drawings were deposited in the Smithsonian Institution,
where fortimatcly the illustrations were available to Pilsbry. and many were pub-
lished in his chiton monographs. These manuscript illustrations, as well as a
series of drawings of the species of the Mazatlan Catalogue, are preserved in the
archives of the United States National Museum. Some of the drawings were pub-
lished by Dall and Bartsch. Letters in the files of the Redpath Museum reveal
that Carpenter was concerned over the illustration of the West Coast fauna and
that he and J. D. \\^hitney of the Geological Survey of California were negotiating
in 1871 plans for drawings for a \\'est Coast conchological publication. Carpen-
ter's death and the vicissitudes of the California Survey prevented such a funda-
mental project from being com])leted.

The second detrimental factor involved in the problem of the identification
of species described by Carpenter from the West Coast has been misinformation
and lack of information regarding the types.

It has been assumed by many workers that Carpenter did not designate types
and that most of the specimens have been lost. Neither of these assumptions is
correct. An examination of Carpenter's original collections with original labels
intact shows that type designations are marked ; some specimens are labelled
■'unique type." In many cases no holotype is designated, but several syntypes are
stipulated as types. The writer has included under discussion of the types in each
s]-)ecies the quotation of the label. This in many instances may be tied into the
data as given in the original description. Unfortunately, in some cases more than
one locality is included on the type label. One cannot, therefore, differentiate
wliicli specimens belong to the respective localities. Duplicate sets of types have
been discovered in the U. S. National Museum and the Redpath Museum. Fre-
quently Carpenter's use of the word type would be equivalent to what modem
authors term paratype. Although the collection at the Redpath Museum has re-
mained intact since Carpenter's death, material at other institutions has been
moved or rearranged. Hence, there could have been mixtures, and there has been
loss of specimens.

Carpenter had access to large collections on both sides of the Atlantic as well
as the accumulation of an extensive one of his own. He received by gift or ex-
change shells from chief collectors of his day, including such men as Cuming,
Pease, Morch, Jeffreys, Tristram, M' Andrew, Henry Adams, Jewett, Newcomb,
Cooper, Gould, Stearns, Gabb, Dall, Hemphill, and others. He identified the
collections for the Smithsonian Institution at the headquarters and abroad, where
the bulk of the shell collections were shipped to him. After he was established in

PURPOSE J

Montreal and affiliated with McGill University, his conchological studies con-
tinued. Besides that bequeathed to AIcGill, collections were set him by the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Geological Survey of California, the Boston Society of
Natural History, and individuals who wished the benefit of his wide experience.
It is consistent, then, that specimens which he used as the basis of the description
of new species might be scattered when his death occurred in the midst of such
activity. As can 1>e seen from the itemized list of type depositories included herein,
the greater number of Carpenter types are in the United States National Mu-
seum and the Redpath ^Museum. To avoid further confusion attention must be
called to the fact that Mrs. Oldroyd in her worthy manual (1924-1927) based the
listing of many type depositories on false assumptions. In addition, she used the
original statement of the location of types as basis for actual location at the time
of her writing. In many cases the two are not the same. Such statements in
Oldroyd as "Mrs. Boyce of Utica, New York" (continued by Soot-Ryen. 1955.
p. 62) and the "California Geological Survey" are particularly misleading and
cause a great deal of unnecessary searching. In both cases the specimens at the
time of Carpenter's description belonged in such categories, but through unac-
countable changes such statements mean little or nothing in regard to the present
whereabouts of the specimens. Mrs. Boyce was Colonel Jewett's daughter, and
none of her collection exists in Utica today. Most of the specimens of the "Cali-
fornia Geological Survey" which might be identified with the above are in the
United States National Museum. Some are in the Museum of Paleontolog>% Uni-
versity of California.

The chief purpose of this report has been, therefore, to investigate, locate, and
illustrate the types of the marine molluscan West Coast species described by
Philip Pearsall Carpenter and to bring the data together to form a foundation on
which researchers on the fauna can evaluate the original data in the light of more
extensive information.

In this report concentration on the study of the types of Carpenter's marine
molluscan species does not mean that the author regards the principle of the es-
tablishment of types as an end in systematics. It is only a means and a tool in
taxonomy and an aid in refined methods of biological analysis of organisms. It is,
however, a necessary implement, as is any original work, in the determination
of taxonomic names. There are many examples shown in this paper where con-
siderable writing and energy could have been .saved if all the original data in the
problem had been available — for example, in Area pernoides vs. A. bailyi. In
some cases nude names have been carried in lists, and one or more generic names
applied to the same species. Obviously any statistics based on such data would
be of little value. An extreme case of that point is that of Alvania aequiscidpta
"Cpr" [Keep] given in the same list under three generic names.

Schenck (1945, p. 518, 519) enumerated similar examples and pointed out the
kind of taxonomic data needed for biometrical analysis of molluscan assemblages.
It is the purpose of this report to provide such data, particularly the too long-de-
layed illustration of the Carpenter types.

6 MARINE MOLLl'SCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

The writer has not pretended herein to make specific (hscriminations which
must be based on large collections of the forms from the West Coast. Such work
must be done by those who are situated in the area or have available the proper
material. It has been the plan herein to make available to those distant workers
the facts which are not accessible to them.

PREPARATION

In 1921 when arranging collections in Paleontological Laboratory of Cornell
University the writer discovered two of Carpenter's lost moUuscan types from
the Pleistocene inland from Santa Barbara (Van Winkle, 1921, p. 1-5, PI. 15,
figs. 6-11). lliese were in the scattered material of the Jewett Collection which
Ezra Cornell purchased about 1865.

Twenty-three years later 93 Carpenter "types" were located (Palmer, 1945,
p. 97-102) in the Peter Redpath Museum, McCill University, Montreal, Canada.
The whereabouts of those tyi)es were ])reviously unknown. Details of the Car-
penter shell collection in the Redpath Museum are given below under that head-
ing. Photograjjhic negatives were made of the specimens in the Zoology Depart-
ment at McCill by J. W. Pollack, and the ])rints later finished by the writer.

A grant (No. 788) in 1945 from the American Philosophical Society (Pal-
mer, 1946, p. 122-133) provided aid for the search of the remainder of the ma-
terial ; two additional trips to McGill were included, and more types were found.
Before 1946, examinations also had been made in the Redpath Museum, in the
Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, American Museum of Natural
History, New York State Museum, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har-
vard University, Cornell University, and the Division of Mollusca, United States
National Museum.

Inquiries to the Department of Geology, Stanford University, and the De-
partment of Paleontology, California Acadamy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, revealed that no Carpenter types existed there. Four trips were made to
the Division of Mollusca, United States National Museum, where the greatest
number of types are preserved. Examination, notes, and checking were accom-
plished, and the specimens were photographed by the museum's photographic
staff.

The search for and verification of the existence of types in the Gould Collec-
tion at the New York State Museum in Albany was facilitated by the employ-
ment of the author as temporar}- ex])ert in /.oology during 1945-1946. This al-
lowed a first-hand examination of the extensive molluscan collection of that or-
ganization. A catalogue of the first duplicate series of the Reigen Collection of
Mazatlau shells was iniblished as a result of ])art of the work (Palmer, 1951).

At the request of Dr. llarald Rehder a paper entitled "Illustrations of Car-
penter West Coast Molluscan Types" was read before the American Malaco-
logical Union on August 15, 1946.

A visit was made to the Redpath Museum in the spring of 1949 for the ex-
amination and photographing of types which had been found subsequently and
to check queries concerning previous notes.

PHILIP PKARSALL CARPENTER /

Through the generosity of Mr. T.ovell G. Mickles of Montreal, the molluscan
collections of the Redpath Museum were reorganized in 1950-1951. The work
was directed by the author, assisted by Vicente Conde of Cuba. This allowed
further examination of the Carpenter Collection, and more types and pertinent
specimens were discovered.

Examination was made in 1951 of collections in the Chicago Museum of
Natural History and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. The former contains a
large set of specimens, identified by Carpenter, of species described by him.

The author has been aided by the late G. L. Wilkins of the Zoology Depart-
ment of the British Museum (Natural History). He checked the collections of
that institution for possible types, provided the information from the labels on
such specimens, and arranged for the photographing of them. Without his aid
the data concerning the pertinent specimens in England could not have been in-
cluded in this report. Harald Rehder, J. Wyatt Durham, H. A. Pilsbry, and John
C. Armstrong co-operatively checked the collections and data in regard to queries
and provided photographs of specimens in their respective institutions.

In the course of the search for types and pertinent original material of Car-
penter's West Coast species the authorities of the Redpath Museum brought to
light about 140 letters in the Carpenter files of that institution. They represent
communications from leading conchologists in America and abroad to Carpenter
during the period 1859 to 1877. They contain facts concerning scientists, collec-
tions, and natural history not compiled in printed accounts. Similar letters were
inspected from the archives of the Boston Society of Natural History and the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. More letters probably will be found. The
writer hopes to complete a separate report describing details from original sources
of a stage in American conchology not hitherto published.

PHILIP PEARSALL CARPENTER

LIFE

Philip Pearsall Carpenter, an English Presbyterian minister, was one of the
chief figures in the second period of American conchology, which the late W. H.
Dall termed the Gouldian Period (about 1841-1870). Carpenter was born on
November 4. 1819, in Bristol, England. He occupied the pulpit'"' at Stand (1841-
1846), near Manchester, and at Warrington from 1846 until 1858. At that time
he made his first visit to America. He came with large boxes of shells from the
Reigen Mazatlan collection which were destined for the State Cabinet of Natural
History (Museum) at Albany, New York (Palmer, 1951, p. 5). He spent about
a year and a half in America and travelled about 12,400 miles from Quebec to
Falls of St. Anthony, Minnesota, to Charleston, South Carolina. xA-fter his return
to England, he married a German lady, Minna Meyer. At the same time they

3 Carpenter's father was an eminent Unitarian preacher, Dr. Lant Carpenter ; a brother
Russel was a minister, another brother was the celebrated scientist, Dr. W. B. Carpenter,
and a sister Mary was the active philanthropist and reformer.

8 MARINE MOLLl'SCA DKSCRI BED RY P. P. CARPENTER

adopted an American orphan boy who had helped Philip in the Smithsonian In-
stitution and whom Carpenter befriended there. Contacts both scientific and
human drew him back to America, and in November, 1865, he and his family
returned to Montreal. There he ran a school for boys. He entered energetically
into civic and religious life of the city and carried on his scientific pursuits, study-
ing and arranging his extensive shell collection which he had brought from Eng-
land and donated to McGill University. He died in Montreal May 24, 1877, and
was buried in Mount Royal Cemetery. On his trip to the United States (1860)
Carpenter was given the first degree of Doctor of Philosophy granted by the
Regents of the State of New York. From the time of his visit to America he
ceased to occupy a regular pulpit, but his activities in helping his fellows by lec-
turing, preaching, organizing, or by kind deeds never lessened. He was a vehe-
ment prohibitionist and abolitionist, a vegetarian, and an energetic worker for
sanitation and reforms in conditions of the poor and illiterate. He was respected
and loved by all. whether they agreed with his doctrines or not.

SCIENTIFIC CAREER

Philip Carpenter seemed to have had a natural love for shells. He was in-
itiated into the study of mollusks in his early teens by the association with Samuel
Stutchbury (1797-1859). zoologist, and Samuel Worsley^ [not known] geolo-
gist, at tlie liristol Institution. This museum had rich collections of fossils and
shells. Philip in 1832 arranged cabinets in that museum. A specimen of Macrocal-
lista chione (Linnaeus) preserved in the Chicago Natural History Museum,
bears the label. "This identical specimen was the first beginning of my collection
of shells, being offered by my sister Mary and earned by me, as a prize for order !
I think in June. 1832 (31)." In 1833, he was helping Mr. Stutchbury 3 or 4
hours a day, working particularly on chitons. In the same year Carpenter became
acquainted with Dr. J. E. Gray, Keeper of Mollusca in the British Museum, W'ho
was a strong influence in the beginning of Carpenter's scientific career. In 1836,
tlie Pritish Association for Promotion of Science met at Bristol, and Philip
helped arrange the conchological collection. He had at that early age developed
a discriminating judgment of species determination.

In spite of his fondness for natural history. Carpenter continued his training
for the ministry. He was ordained in 1841. In 1842, when contacts were made
again with scientists of kindred interest at a meeting of the British Association
for the Advancement of Science in Manchester, his old love was revived. He
visited with Robert Patterson (1802-1872). biologist. John Fleming (1785-
1857). zoologist, G. B. Sowerby (1812-1884). zoologist, C. W. Peach (1800-
1886). geologist. G. W. Wood (M.P.). Dr. William Buckland (1794-1856),
geologist. Dr. C. G. B. Daubeny (1795-1867), botanist and chemist, and Prof.
Baden Powell (1796-1860). mathematician. When the same association met at
York (1844) he went with his brother, the esteemed scientist. Dr. W. B. Car-
penter. He again accompanied the same brother to the meeting at Cambridge in

* Carpenter (1858, p. 438) wrote, "It was to serve as eyes [Worsley was blind] to guide
his knowledge, that I commenced the study of shells."

PHILII' PEARSALL CARPENTER V

1845. From 1846-1858 he preached at Warrington. To help unemployed factory
workers he founded an industrial school. To carry on the activities of the school
as well as teach a trade, he managed to acquire an antiquated press and type and
to learn printing. This was the beginning of the "Oberlin Press," on which he
printed for himself and other reformers tracts and extended papers on sanitation,
teetotalism, religious and school reports, or anything which Carpenter believed
would better human conduct and conditions of life. Better machinery, type, and
experience were gradually gained until in 1855-1857 his 552-page Catalogue of
the Reigcn Collection of Ma::atlan Mollusca in the British Museum was printed
by P. P. Carpenter at the Oberlin Press, by order of the Trustees of the British
Museum. This was the largest single report that Carpenter published.^ He had
in 1855, with the aid of a brother-in-law, purchased the famous Reigen Mazatlan
shells. This became the turning point in his life. The events and his scientific
labors in connection with those specimens occupied more of his time. A descrip-
tion of the Mazatlan collection was included by Carpenter (1857b, p. 241-265;
1957a; 1860, p. 23-27; 1864b, p. 542, 548; 1872, p. 28-34; Palmer, 1951, p. 5)
in his report to the British Association in 1856 (1857b) and again in 1863
(1864b) and in the introduction to the Mazatlan Catalogue as well as to the cata-
logue of the first duplicate Mazatlan Collection presented to the State Cabinet of
Natural History (Museum). Those publications are rare. Because a brief survey
of the collection and Carpenter's association has been given by the author in a
catalogue (Palmer, 1951) of the duplicate material at the New York State Mu-
seum, further details will not be included here. Carpenter thought that a small
industrial town such as Warrington was not a proper place to house permanently
the primary selection of the material, including the types of new species described.
Through the persuasion of Dr. J. E. Gray the original suite, about 8873 speci-
m_ens, was deposited in the British Museum. Material several times that amount,
from which he made up duplicate sets, was retained.

Although at that time Carpenter was a novice in conchology there seemed no
one better available to study the material. In addition, he was asked to prepare
a report in 1855 for the British Association for the Advancement of Science, "on
the Present State of our Knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of West Coast
of North America." Thus he began scientific pursuits, not only by examining
thousands of shells but by forging into a thorough and laborious compilation of
the voluminous and scattered literature in which any mention was made of west
American molluscan species. His abstracts, delineated with lists of species and
references, were meant to include all original sources from the collection of Dom-
bey. 1778 (Peru), to Bridges, 1856 (Panama), and of all other pertinent writ-
ings and monographs. The resumes were followed by detailed geographic tables
in which were embodied the data which had been extracted from the literature
and analysis of the species in the faunal districts. This report of 318 pages (4
plates) was followed in 1863 (1864) by a supplementary report to the British
Association on the Mollusca of the same area. In the supplement he corrected old

5 The chiton manuscript which remained unfinished at his death would have exceeded the
Mazatlan catalogue in size and importance.

10 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

errors, noted previous omissions, gave additional information on collections, ex-
peditions, and original notes gained from his examination of previously identified
material and from unidentified and undescribed species of shells that were sent
to him through the Smitlisonian Institution or directly to him by collectors on
the West Coast. Those two ]iapers are a wealth of concise information of eastern
Pacific conchological literature from Linnaeus to Carpenter's time. Their useful-
ness is impaired by the rarity of the publications which also include the Smith-
sonian Institution reprint (1872) of the 1863 (1864) report. The latter could
well be reprinted again. The reprint of Carpenter's papers by the Smithsonian
Institution is referred herein as Reprint. 1872. (Sre bibliography.)

The extensive size of the Mazatlan material induced and riveted the carrying
on of Carpenter's natural-history bent. He made up duplicate sets of the Mazat-
lan material. One set was accepted by the New York State Cabinet of Natural
History (State Museum) at Albany, New York, on condition that Carpenter
would bring the shells to America and arrange them (Palmer. 1951. p. 5-8). The
details of the Albany collection have been written up ]\v the author and will not
be repeated here.

Carpenter sailed for America December 8. 1858, and did not return until
June. 1860. During that time he had arranged the collection at Albany and made
a firm friend of Col. Ezekiel Jewett. curator of the State Cabinet of Natural His-
tory. Carpenter later described new species from Jewett's collection of West
Coast mollusks. He visited ^lontreal three times and lectured at McGill Univer-
sity at the request of Sir William Dawson, principal. Common interests and re-
spect were formed between Dawson and Carpenter and resulted in permanent
friendship and eventual association in IMontreal in the museum at McGill Uni-
versity.

One of his chief objects in coming to the United States was to examine types
of described species, particularly western American species, in order to compare
them with those specimens in England. His natural-history bent led him to Dr.
A. A. Gould in P>oston, Louis Agassiz at Cambridge, the C. P). Adams collection
at Amherst, Massachusetts, the Bland collection in Brooklyn, Binney's collection
of land shells in Burlington, Vermont, the Academy of Natural Sciences in
Philadelphia, Professors McCrady, Ravenal, and Gibbs in Charleston. South
Carolina, and John G. Anthony at Cincinnati ; he made a collecting trip for
Unionidae with Alpheus Hyatt in the Green River in Kentucky. He was em-
ployed for 5 months in the winter of 1859-1860, by Joseph Henry, Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, in unpacking and arranging the shells of that in-
stitution. When he returned to England in June, 1860, large quantities of shells
were sent to him from the Smithsonian for comparson with types in England,
especially with those of Hugh Cuming.

He spent a large portion of the time in the next 5 years in the museum at
Warrington, where he built u]) natural-history collections, worked on Smithson-
ian shells, published the description of new Pacific Coast mollusks, attended

PHILIP PEARSALL CARPENTER 11

meetings of the Britisli Association for Advancement of Science, where he was
of great help in arrangements, and continued lecturing and some preaching.

On October 26, 1865, he and his family sailed from England for Montreal
where he spent the remainder of his life except for one trip Home in 1874. In
1866, he was approached in regard to a professorship of natural history at Cornell
University, ithaca, New York. But his ties were too strong in Alontreal for him
to shift to Yankeeland. His health declined gradually until he finally succumbed
to typhoid fever, May 24, 1877.

In exchanging ]\Iazatlan shells and in the extensive arrangement of duplicate
sets for the Smithsonian Institution, Carpenter accumulated an extensive collec-
tion of his own. Although he had mounted and arranged the greater portion of
his collection, which is in the Redpath Museum at AIcGill University, his death
ended the work. His early death also prevented the finishing of a large and au-
thoritative work on the chitons which was to have been published by the Smith-
sonian Institution. The work was in manuscript form with the illustrations
drawn, but it had not reached the final written stage for publication. Much of the
information was published by Dall, in his smaller chiton articles, and by Pilsbry,
in his chiton monographs. Both had access to Carpenter's manuscript and illus-
trations, and both used his notes freely, with appreciative acknowledgment, and
witii more credit to Carpenter than a strict application of international zoological
nomenclatural rules will allow.

Philip Carpenter, in addition to the Ph. D. granted by the Regents of the
University of the State of New York, was a corresponding member of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the California Academy of Sciences,
and the Lyceum of Natural History in the City of New York. He was an hon-
orary member of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and
Newcastle-on-Tyne.

ASSOCIATION WITH INSTITUTIONS AND COLLECTIONS
Mazatlan collection. — In the spring of 1855, with the help of his brother-in-
law, Mr. Herbert Thomas, Carpenter purchased for 50 pounds the famous Ma-
zatlan Collection of shells. Up to that period, with the exception of Hugh Cum-
ing's material, it was the greatest collection ever taken to Europe. The specimens
had been gathered with care b}- Frederick Reigen, a Belgian, from 1848 to 1850
at Mazatlan, Gulf of California. Practically all had been taken alive. Carpenter
(1864b, p. 540) noted in his discussion of Major Rich (U. S. Expl. Exped.) that
Rich had met Reigen at Mazatlan and had reported that Reigen had been called
before the police because of the stench from the decomposing mollusks on his
premises. The collection contained few strays, and large numbers of individuals of
the species made it a unique series to illustrate suites of variation. For details of
the collection and the catalogue which Carpenter published on it. see Carpenter's
Report to British Association for 1856 (1857b), the Mazatlan Catalogue
(1857a), Report to P.ritish Association for 1863 (1864b), and Palmer (1951,).
Carpenter described 222 new species in the IMazatlan Catalogue (1857) and
listed 694 species. The first collection consisted of 8873 specimens mounted on

12 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

2529 tablets.^ This primary collection was deposited in the British Museum (Na-
tural History). Drawings were made of the specimens of the species described
in the catalogue. A set of these drawings is in the United States National Mu-
seum, but no complete set of illustrations of the Catalogue was ever printed.

The first duplicate series of shells (6584 specimens) and pictures of Mazatlan
material were brought to America by Carpenter and deposited in the New York
State Cabinet of Natural History (Museum). (See Palmer, 1951.) The Redpath
Museum has a large and partially mounted series. Other museums have dupli-
cates from the Reigen collection through distribution by Carpenter.

Illustrations of the types of the species described by Carpenter from Mazatlan
are not included in this report. The figuring of the already printed catalogue
would constitute a separate major work.

A list of the species described by Carpenter from Mazatlan, which range
northward into the California area is included herein.

British Museum (Natural History) .—Although never in residence at the
British Museum, Philip Carpenter began his scientific career under the inspira-
tion of Dr. J. E. (Iray, Keeper of Mollusca of that institution. Through Gray's
influence the first set of the Reigen Mazatlan collection was presented to the
British Museum. In consequence of this, Carpenter was asked to write the cata-
logue of that collection in the British Museum (1857b). Friendly and mutually
profitable relations continued through Carpenter's life not only with the Museum
but with the eminent conchologists of his day. He received advice, help, and un-
restricted use of collections and library from Hugh Cuming, J. E. Gray, R. M.
Andrew, J. D. Gaskoin, L. Reeve, W. Clark, W. Bean, S. Hanley, J. Alder, R. D.
Darbishire, W. Baird, H. and A. Adams, T. Hincks, S. P. Woodward, G. B.
Sowerby, and F. Archer. Labels in his collection testify to the associations he
established and to the confidence he inspired.

U. S. Exploring Expedition and A. A. Gould.— In the Report to the British
Association for Advancement of Science for 1856 (1857a, p. 208-213) Carpenter
listed the dates, the ships used, the localities visited and the species described and
determined by Dr. A. A. Gould. Again in 1863 (1864b, p. 529-532, 578, 582,
583). in a report to the same body of British scientists, he enumerated from first-
hand information the trials connected with the making of the Gould collections.
At the request of Joseph Henry, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Car-
penter was employed in 1859 to arrange the .shell material of the above expedi-
tions. Previously Gould had. as Carpenter acknowledged in the Mazatlan Cata-
logue ('1857a, p. iv. footnote) ". . . intrusted to my care, and to the perils of the
Atlantic, the whole of his collections and notes from W. American coast, for
comparison with those known in this country." Gould's and Carpenter's names
were linked in joint authorship in 1856 (Gould and Carpenter, 1856, p. 198-
208).

« Tablets containing a numbered suite of shells are recorded in sequence in the published
catalogue. Hence, a collection so mounted and numbered can lie tied in definitely with the
published notes.

PHILIP PEARSAIJ. CARPENTER 13

New York State Cabinet of Natural History (Museum). — Carpenter's asso-
ciation with the New York State Cabinet of Natural History was consummated
by his donation and arrangement of the first duphcate series of the Reigen Col-
lection of Mazatlan shells (1859). The story and analysis of that collection have
been published (Palmer, 1951).

Smithsonian Institution. — A brief summary of the general activities of the
Smithsonian Institution is presented by Carpenter (1864b, p. 578). A list of the
sources of the collections in the Smithsonian at that time was included. The
sources included material from eight expeditions, beginning with the U. S. Ex-
ploring Expedition, 1837-1840, through the expedition of the U. S. North-West
Boundary Survey, 1857-1861, under Com. A. Campbell, with Dr. C. B. R. Ken-
nerley and George Gibbs as collectors. Sixteen private collectors up to the same
period had provided additional critical material to the collections of the Smith-
sonian. Many new forms found by several of those collectors were described by
Carpenter. He spent 5 months (1859-1860) in Washington, D. C, living in the
Smithsonian Institution building. The work on the collections could not be com-
pleted in that short time. Arrangements were made, and the specimens were
shipped to England. Carpenter compared the specimens with named forms in the
Hugh Cuming Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), with the
help of Cuming. A special label "Named by Hugh Cuming. Esq. for the Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D. C." was printed to indicate such service.
This is one of several printed labels associated with Carpenter's labors on the
collections which may be found in the U. S. National Museum, and in institu-
tions, such as the New York State Museum and the Redpath Museum, which
acquired material from the Smithsonian Institution.

Warrington Free Museum and Library. — ^After Carpenter's return from
America to Warrington in June 1860. he arranged with the Warrington Museum
for the use of an unoccupied room and rented three rooms from a house adjoin-
ing. There he worked on the collections which w^ere sent from the Smithsonian,
large collections he had made in America for the Warrington Museum, and his
own. He had purchased all the remaining shells of the Reigen Mazatlan stores, part
of the C. B. Adams material from Panama, Jamaica, St. Thomas, and Bermuda.
He also became agent for some leading naturalists in negotiating transactions in
connection with their duplicates. About half of Carpenter's papers were written
at Warrington, including his valuable and comprehensive Supplementary Report
on the Present State of our knozvledge with regard to the MoUusca of the West
Coast of North America, which was reprinted, with 13 of his other articles, by
the Smithsonian Institution in 1872. He remained at Warrington until his de-
parture for Montreal in October 1865. J. R. le B. Tomlin wrote (Personal com-
munication, November 11. 1947) that he did not believe the Warrington Museum
contained any types. J. R. Rimmer, Director of the Municipal Museum and Art
Gallery, Warrington, examined the list of missing types of Carpenter species, as
included herein, and reported (Personal communication, October 2. 1956) that
there are no types of Carpenter species in that Museum.

14 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

RcdpatJi Muscimi, McGill University. — McGill College (University) ac-
cepted the Carpenter collection October 26, 1867, on condition that Carpenter
arrange the material, and this he worked on nntil his death in 1877. He had taken
iZ years to form the collection, and its monetary valne had been estimated by
Sowerl)y as 1000 ponnds. Although it contained few expensive shells it was val-
uable because so many specimens had been compared with types. It is important
to students of the West Coast fauna in ])articular because of its large number of
undisturbed types of species described by Carpenter. Present-day collections con-
tain greater numbers of shells, better preserved, and more carefully collected, but
the importance of the Carpenter collection is its pertinence to taxonomy. It con-
tains duplicate shells from original collection of species, such as those described
by Adams from Japan (Kuroda and Habe, 1954) which have never been illus-
trated and which from lack of original material are obscurely known today. The
Redpath Museum molluscan stores have been discussed briefly elsewhere
(Palmer, 1945. p. 97-102; Cleghorn, 1950. p. 70).

COLLECTORS OF WEST COAST SPECIES
DESCRIBED BY CARPENTER

Philip Carpenter was never on the Pacific Coast of North America and did
not collect any of the shells of the species he described. Such published statements
as that of Kelsey (1902, p. 144) in a note on Scrridens ohlongiis Cpr. in which
he quoted Dall as saying, "the single valve found by Dr. Carpenter at San Diego,
in 1866, was on record." are misleading. Kelsev nu'sunderstood words of Dall in
regard to the record. Collections referred to as Carpenter Collections have been
inferred by some persons unfamiliar witli the history of West Coast associations
to be material collected by Carpenter. Such a denotation in association with col-
lections may indicate that either the material was of Carpenter's transactions or
identification.

Most of the shells from the area of this report, from which Carpenter segre-
gated and described new species, were obtained through tlie Smithsonian Institu-
tion and/or the California Geological Survey. The collectors of such material
were listed by Carpenter (18641), p. 579). Those pertinent to this monograph
are briefly given below :

(1) "James G. Swan, from Port Townsend. Cape Flattery, Neeah Isic] Bay,
and the neighboring shores of Vancouver ; at intervals, during many years."
(Also, Carpenter, 1864b. p. 606)

Mr. Swan, as Indian teacher at Neah Bay, N.W\T., trained the children to
gather shells. Appropriate labels printed by the .Smithsonian Institution may be
found in the collections distributed Ijv that institution following the identification
of the species by Carpenter. These labels read. '"Collected by the Indian children
at Neeah Bay {sic] W. T. and Vancouver by Mr. J. G. Swan (Teacher)."

The following new species collected by Swan were described by Carpenter
(1864d, p. 423-429; 1865a. p. 28-32). See'text for discussion of each. Additional

COLLECTORS OF WEST COAST SPECIES DESCRIBED BY CARPEXTER 15

Idealities with aeeompanyitig data are in braekets. Tlie collector or source of the
collection is in parentheses.

Maera sahnonea [San Francisco (Pacific Railway Explor. Exped.) ; Monterey

(Cooper)]
Angulus varicgatiis [Monterey, Catalina (Cooper)]
Miodon prolongatus [Monterey (Taylor)]
Aditla stylina [Shoalwater Bay (Cooper)]
Axinea {? scptenfrionalis, var.) suhobsolcta
Siphonaria Ther sites

Mopalia (Kennerlcyi, var.) Szi.-annii [sic]
Margarita cidaris

Gibbida parcipicta [Santa Cruz (Rowell)]
G. succincta [Lower California (Rowell)]
G. lacuna t a
G. funiculafa
Uipponyx cranioidcs
Biz'onia conipacta
Lacuna porrecta
L. (? solidula, var.) conipacta
L. variegata

Isapis fenestrata [San Diego, Santa Barbara Island (Cooper)]
Alvania reticulata
Ak'ania filosa

? Assiminca suhrotundata

? Pahtdinella castanea

Mangelia crebricostata
AI. intcrjossa

? M. tabulata

? Daphnella effusa

Odostomia satiira

O. (? var.) Gouldii

O. nucijormis

O. ( ? var.) avcllana

O. tcnuisculpta

Scalaria Indianorum

S. ( ? Indianorum, var.) tincta [Cerros Island (Ayres) ; San Pedro (Cooper)]

S. (Opalia) borcalis Gould [Puget Sound (United States Expl. Exped.)]

Cerithiopsis munita

C. columna [Monterey (Cooper)]

Cancellaria modesta

J^elutina prolongata

Specimens collected by J. G. Swan were included in the proterotypes of
Ostrea lurida, Bittiurn (? var.) esuricns, and B. attenuatum (Carpenter,
1865g).

(2) "Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwater Bay and
various stations in California and from Panama ; and lately dredged collec-
tions of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent
in advance by Dr. Palmer." (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 579).
Carpenter (1864b, p. 607, 608, 610) presented a discussion of J. G. Cooper's

16

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIRKD BY P. P. CARPENTER

collection and his relation to the "California State Geological Survey" under the
direction of J. D. Whitney and W. M. Gabb, paleontologist of the same survey.
Cooper sent shells and wrote copious notes to Carpenter in regard to the speci-
mens found. Many of those records, with drawings, are preserved in the Redpath
Museum. Cooper material which was used in the preparation of the descriptions
of new species is enumerated in the other lists following, inserted in parenthesis.
The following new species were described by Carpenter (1864e-1865b, p.
155-159) from the source discussed above:

Calliostonia foniiosiDii

State Collection 615a

C. splendens

State Collection 630a

Solariella perainabilis

State Collection 1025

Margarita acuticostata

State Collection 354

M. salnwnca

State Collection 352

Liotia jcnesfrata

State Collection 1006

Ainycla undata

State Collection 1067

Lcptonyx {sanguineus, var.) purpurcum

L. taenia

State Collection 1056

Corbula luteola

State Collection 587

Plectodon scaher

State Collection 1062

Macoma indentata

State Collection 365

Oedalina (Cooperella) scintillacforniis

State Collection 533a

Semele ineongrua

State Collection 1061

Psephis salmonea

State Collection 1068

Astarte fluetttata

State Collection 1060

Cardium (? modestum, var. cenlifilosum)

State Collection 381

Lepton meroeum

Pristiphora oblonga

Leda hamata

State Collection 984

Acanthopleura fluxa

Ischnochiton veredeniiens

State Collection 518a (bis)

Lepidopleunis peciinatus

State Collection 1073

L. scabrieostatus

State Collection 1071c

Traehydermon Gofhicus

State Collection 518a

Leptochiton nexus

State Collection 1071a

Nacella (? paleacca, var.) triangularis

State Collection 416c

? N. subspiralis

State Collection 416b

Acmaea (? pileolus, \a.r.) rosacea

Scurria (?) fnniculata

State Collection 466d

Puneturella Cooperi

State Collection 1029

Gibtnda optabilis

Calliustoma supragranosum

P.thalia supravallata

E. var. im'allata

Galerus contortus

State Collection 369

Caecum crebricinctnm

State Collection 388

C. Cooperi

State Collection 667a

Turritella Cooperi

State Collection 564

? Mesalia tenuisculpfa

State Collection 666a

Isapis obtusa

State Collection 682

Fiissoina ittterfossa

State Collection 387b

Rissoa acutelirata

COLLECTORS OF WEST COAST SPECIES DESCRIBED BY CARPENTER 17

Fcnella pupoidea State Collection 389

Amphithalamiis lacunatus

Diala acuta State Collection 390

D. marmorea
Styliferina turrita

? Jeffreysia translucens

Cythna albida

ChrysaUida piouila

C. cincta

Chemnitcia chocolata State Collection 428

C. subcuspidata State Collection 670a

Eulima (? var.) compacta

E. (? var.) rutila

Scalaria bcllastriata State Collection 393b

S. subcoronata State Collection 393a

S. crebricostata State Collection 393
Opalia spongiosa

0. retiporosa State Collection 1014
Nassa vtsculpta State Collection 1008
f Avjycla chrysalloidea State Collection 613
Anachis subfurrtta

Trophon triangularis State Collection 580a

[Kennerlia bicarinata (Carpenter, 1864c) State Collection 1063]

(3) Dr. Kennerley, collector for United States Northwest Boundary Survey
under Com. A. Campbell
The following new species in Kennerley's collections from Puget Sound were
described by Carpenter (1865e. p. 54—64) :

(Shaenia [sic]) Sphacnia ovoidca

Neaera pectinata (Catalina and Santa Barbara, Cooper)

Kennerlia filosa (1864) (San Diego, Cooper)

Psammobia rubroradiata (Nuttall ms.)

Maccrma yoldijormis

M. ( ? var.) expansa

(Tcllina) angulus modestus (Neah Bay, Swan; San Pedro, Cooper)

? dementia subdiaphana (Vancouver, Forbes)

Venus kennerleyi (Neah Bay, Swan)

Astarte (? compressa, var.) compacta

Lucina tenuisculpta

Cryptodon serricatus (\^ancouver, Swan)

Pythina rugifera

Tellimya tumida (Neah Bay, Swan; San Diego, Cooper)

Cylichna ( ? cylindracea, var.) attonsa (California, Jewett, Cooper)

Dentalium rectius

Mopalia kennerleyi

? M. sinuata

? M. imporcata

Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) rctiporosus

1. (Trachydermon) trifidus

I. {Trachydermon) pscudodentiens (Vancouver, Lord; San Diego, Cooper)

/. {Trachydermon) flectens (\'ancouver. Lord; Monterey, Taylor; San Diego, Cooper)

Lepeta caecoides (Farallon Islands, Darbishire)

18 MARINE MOIJA'SCA DESCK I Bi;i) BY P. P. CARPENTER

CaUiostonta ( ? var.) variegatum

Margarita (? var.) tcnuisculpta (Xeali Bay, Swan)

M. lirulata

M, lirulata var. subelcvata (Xcah Bay, Swan)

M. lirulata var. obsolcta (Neah Bay, Swan)

M. lirulata var. conica

M. inflata (Vancouver, Lyall ; Neah Bay, Swan)

Mesalia lacteola (Vancouver, Forbes)

M. (? lacteola va.r.) subplanata (Neah Bay, Swan)

Rissoa compacta (Neah Bay, Swan)

Drillia incisa (Neah Bay, Swan)

D. canccllata

.\fangelia lez'idcnsis (Neali Bay, Swan)

Beta cxcavata

Rulima micans (Neah Bay, Swan; San Pedro, San Diego, Catalina, Cooper)

Ocinebra inter jossa (Neah Bay, Sw-an ; \'ancouvcr. Lord)

O. interfossa atropurpnrea

? Chrysodonius rectirostris

(4) Mr. A. S. Taylor, from Monterey, and Mr. Andrew Cassidy from San
Diego. Species described l)y Carpenter (1865g, p. 129-149) included speci-
mens from those collectors and from Cooper, Ayres, Newberry, and Xantus.
The following are based on shells from Taylor or Cassidy only :

Kcllia rotundata Monterey, Taylor

Cylichna planata San Diego, Cassidy

? DaphncUa aspera , Monterey, Taylor

(5) Rev. J. Rowell of San Francisco provided material for a few Carpenter
species, from Farallon Islands and especially from Panama and Gulf of Cali-
fornia (Carpenter, 1865d, p. 278-281). They are not included in this report
unless the species extends into the northern regions.

(6) Mr. John Xantus, of the U. S. Coast Survey, from Cape San Lucas. Most
of the species from Xantus material were described by Carpenter (1864a).
They are not included in this report unless they range northward. For de-
tails of Xantus collecting see Carpenter (1864b, p. 616, 617).

(7) The material collected by Col. E. Jewett from the West Coast formed his
private collections. At the time of Carpenter's writing (1864b) the shells
belonged to Jewett's daughter, Mrs. Pjoyce of Utica, New "^'ork. They were
scattered during the period following, and most are now in the U. S. X^a-
tional Museinn, Redjxath Museum, Cornell University, or lost. (See Car-
penter, 18(34b, p. 535-539.) Many belong to the fauna south of the region
involved in the present paper.

The following new species from Jewett's collections were described by Car-
penter (1865i; 1866b). Material involved in the description of the species which
came from other sources is in parenthesis.

Soleii (? sicarius, var.) rosoccus (.San Pc(h-o, Cooi)er)

l.azaria suJ)i]uadrata (Montert'y and San Pedro, Cooper. State Collection 403)

Modiola fornicala (Monterey, Taylor)

DEPOSITORIES OF TYPES

19

Pecten (? var.) aeqiiisulcatiis (San Diego, Cassidy, Newberry, and Cooper)

Pecten pancicostatus (Santa Barbara Island, Cooper)

Pecten ( ? var.) squarrosus

Vohnda cylindrica

Phasianella (? compta, var.) piuictulata

P. (? compta, var.) piiUoidcs (Monterey, State Collection 353; Catalina, Cooper)

P. ( ? Compta, var.) clatior

Trochiscus convents

Hipponyx tiimens (San Pedro, Cooper)

Bittium (? var.) csuricus (Neah Bay, Swan; Monterey, Cooper)

B. fastigiatiDn

Aniphithalamiis iuchisus (San Diego, Cooper)

Drillia moesta (San Pedro, Cooper)

Mitromorpha filosa (Lower California Museum, Cuming)

Mangclia variegata

M. (? variegata, var.) nitcns

M. angulafa

Myurella simplex (San Pedro, Cooper)

Odostomia inflata (Farralon Island, Darbishire; San Francisco, Rowell ; Neah Bay

Swan)
Chemnitzia crchrifilata
C (? torqiiaf a, var.) stylina (Monterey, Cooper)

C. Virgo

Dunkeria Jaminata (San Diego, Cooper)
Enlima T her sites
Opalia hullata

Cerifhiopsis purpurea (Monterey, San Diego, Cooper)
C. fortior

Marginella subtrigona

M. regidaris (South of Monterey, Catalina, Cooper)
Amycla tuberosa (South of Monterey, Catalina, Cooper)
f Anachis penicillata (San Diego, Catalina, Cooper)
Siphonalia fuscotincta

The following were described from near Santa Barbara, Pleistocene ('Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 539; 1866b).

Turritella Jetuetti (San Diego beach, Cassidy)

Bittium ? asperum (San Pedro, San Diego, Catalina, State Collection 591c, Cooper)

B. armillatum

Opalia (? crenatoides. var.) insculpta

Trophon tenuisculptus

Pisania fortis

DEPOSITORIES OF TYPES

The following is a list of the location of types of the marine molluscan species
described by Carpenter from the West Coa.st (British Columbia to San Diego).
Unless otherwise stated the type or types are understood to be the holotype or
syntypes.

Academy of Natur.xl Sciences of Philadelphia
Amphineura

Leptochiton rugatus Pilsbry [Carpenter ms.]. No. 35586

Ischnochiton acrior Pilsbry [Carpenter ms.] No. 35702

/. conspicHus Pilsbry [Carpenter ms.] No. 35709. See also "Dall."

20 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

British Museum (Exclusive of Mazatlan Collection)
Pelecypoda

Humilaria kennerleyi ( Reeve ) = [ Carpenter ms.], described as Venus

Gari rubroradiata (Nuttall ms. Carpenter), described as Psammobia and/or Sanguino-

laria=G. calif ornica (Conrad)
"I'enus (Cliioue) excaz'ata" =young of Chione undatella Sowerby

Gastropoda

Callopouuj ? fluctatnni var. drfrcssuin

Cerithidea hcgez^'ischii albonodosa, descrilwd as C. albonodosa

Crepidula rugosa Nuttall ms., Carpenter=C onyx Sowerby

Fissurella ornata Nuttall ms., Carpenter=F. volcano Reeve

Olivella intorta

Ocenebra poulsoni, described as Ocincbra Poulsoni

Amphineura

Chiton acutus=Mopalia acuta

Cyanoplax hartxveyii nuttallii, described as Chiton nuttalli

Ischnochiton regular is, described as Chiton

Chiton montereyensis=Mopalia lignosa (Gould)

Museum of Paleontology, University of California
Gastopoda

Atvania acutelirata. described as Rissoa. No. 15572

Ocenebra squamulifera (Cari>enter in Gabb), described as Trophon. No. 15459

Trophonopsis triangulatus, described as Trophon. No. 12572 lectotype ; also U.S.N.M.

Admete gracilior, descri])ed as Cancellaria. No. 15530-15531

Acteocina planata, described as Cylichna. No. 33501

Paleontologicai. Laboratory, Cok.mell University
Gastropoda

Opalia tnsculpta, described as O. ( ? crenatoidcs var.). No. 4950
Ocenebra tenuisculpta, described as Trophon. No. 4951
Amphineura
Mopalia plumosa=M. acuta. No. 25530, Newcomb Collection

Redpath Museum, McGill University
Pelecypoda

Ostrea lurida. No. 125

Modiolus fornicatus, described as Modiola. No. 3133

Miodontiscus prolongatus, described as Miodon. No. 2377; also U.S.N.M.

Axinopsida sericata, described as Cryptodon. No. 112; al.so U.S.N.M.

Pristcs oblongus. No. 15372; also U.S.N.M.

Psephidia salmonea, described as Pscphis. No. 115 ; also U.S.N.M.

Darlna declivis. No. 101

Gastropoda
Acmaea triangularis (casta ms. as Nacella). No. 2370; also U.S.N.M.
Bittium artnillatu7n. No. 4851 ; also U.S.N.M.
Opalia bullata^O. spongiosa. No. 76

Chemnitzia crebrifilata Carpenters 7i(r/;r»ji7 /a tenuicula (Gould). No. 2363
Turbonilla stylina, described as Chemnitzia. No. 5729. Also U.S.N.M.

DEPOSITORIES OF TYPES 21

Mitrclla tubcrosa, described as Aviycla. No. 7i

Gibberulina pyriformis, described as Vohitclla. No. 83 (as Gibbenda) ; also U.S.N.M.

Cystiscus jeivettii, described as Marginella. No. 80 (as Gibberula)

C. regularis, described as Marginella, No. 82 (as Gibberula) ; also U.S.N.M.

Cystiscus subtrigona, described as Marginella, No. 81 (as Gibberula)

Siphonalia fuscotincfa=Kelletia kelletii (Forbes). No. 3138

Mangelia angulata^M. barbarensis Oldroyd. No. 90

M. inferfossa. No. 94; also U.S.N.M.

M. nitens, described as A/. ? variegata var. No. 93

M. variegata. No. 92 ; also U.S.N.M.

Propebela tabulata, described as ? Mangelia. No. 89

Mitromorpha filosa, described as Daphnella and/or Mitroinorpha. No. 96

Volulella cylindrica, described as Vohmla. No. 2364

Amphineura

Cyanoplax hartwegii. No. 68

Clujetopleura gemma Dall or Pilsbry [Carpenter ms.]. No. 49

Ischnochiton corrugatus Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 37

I. conspicuus "Dall." No. 65. See also Pilsbry

/. fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 64

/. newcombi Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 19

/. radians Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 25, also U.S.N.M.

Ischnochiton aiireotinctus Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 26

/. pectinatus. No. 70. See /. calif orniensis Berry

/. sinudentatus Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 27

Callistochiton palmulatus Carpenter in Pilsbry No. 48

Mopalia imporcata. No. 57, also U.S.N.M.

M. sinuata. No. 58, also U.S.N.M.

Dendrochiton gothica, described as Ischnochiton. No. 13; also U.S.N.M

Acanthochiton avicula. No. 72

U. S. National Museum — Division of Mollusks
Pelecypoda

Nuculana hanwta described as Leda. No. 107420

Huxleyia munita (Dall) [=Pleurodon munita Carpenter ms.]. No. 23243

Glycymeris subobsoleta described as Axinaea. No. 15594

Philobrya setosa described as Bryophila. No. 16187

Pecten circularis aequisulcatus described as P. ventricosus var. acquisulcatus. No. 15645

Pandora bicarinata Carpenter=:F. bilirata Conrad. No. 592440

Pandora filosa described as Kennerlia. No. 4542

Cuspidaria pectinata described as Neaera. No. 4506

Leiomya scabra described as Plectodon. No. 592441

Astarte compacta. No. 4509

Eucrassatella fluctuata described as Astarte. No. 1060

Glans siibquadrata described as Lazaria. No. 15681

Miodontiscus prolongatus described as Miodon. No. 15472; also Redpath Museum

Axinopsida sericata described as Cryptodon. No. 5249 ; also Redpath Museum

Lucina tenulsculpta. No. 5244

Kellia laperousii chironii. No. 15460

Mysella tumida, described as Tcllimya. No. 5242

Pristes oblongus No. 15592

Psetidopythina rugifcra, described as Pythina. No. 4445

Lepton meroeum, described as Lepton. No. 15591

22 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Neniocardium ccntifilosiim, described as Cardinm. No. 15262

Compsomyax suhdiaphana, described as ? Clementia. No. 4541

Psephidia ■salmonca. described as Pscphis. No. 15578; also Redpath Museum

Petricola telliinyalis, described as Psephis. No. 15554

Cooperella subdiaphana, described as Ocdalia. No. 3563

C. scintillaeformis^C. siibdiapliana. No. 15669

Tellina modesta, described as Angulus. No. 4245

T. buttoni Dall [^Angulus? var. obtusus Carpenter |. No. 19429

T. carpenter! Dall [=Augulus variegatus Carpenter]. No. 15467

T. sahiionea, described as .Uaera. No. 73449

Macoma yoldifonnis. No. 4507

M. expausa. No. 3910

M. indent ata. No. 15229

Sphenia ovoidea. No. 4552

Corbula liiteola. No. 14897

Gastropoda

PnucturcUa coo peri. No. 11848

Acmaca jtiniciilata, described as Scurria. No. 14799; [=Scnrria mitra tenuisculpta,

nomen nudum. No. 15490]
A. rosacea, described as A. ( ? pilcolus var.). No. 15273
A. triangularis. No. 14802; also Redpath Museum
Lepeta caecoides. No. 11849

Ifargarites lacunatus, described as Gibbula. No. 15535b
M. acuticostattis, described as Margarita. No. 16280
M. fimicidatus, described as Gibbula. No. 15534b
M. inflatulus DaU^Margarita inflata Carpenter No. 4494
M. lirulatus, described as Margarita. No. 4191
^f. lirulatus conicus, descril)ed as Margarita. No. 4191a
M. lirulatus obsoletiis, described as Margarita. No. 15537e
M. lirulatus subelevatus, described as Margarita. No. 15537
M. optabilis, described as Gibbula. No. 15287
M. parcipictus, described as Gibbula. No. 31114
M. salmoneus, described as Margarita. No. 16279

M. rhodia DaU=Margarita inflata Carpenter in part. No. 15585, Icctotype
M. succinctus, described as Gibbula. No. 15562

Cidarina cidaris (Adams in Carpenter), described as Margarita. No. 15600
Solariclla peramabilis. No. 16281

Calliostoma gemimilatum=iC . fonnosuiii. Questionable type, No. 16261
C. supragranosum. No. 14925
C. splendens. No. 16278
C. variegatum. No. 4201

Tegula funebralis subapcrta, dcscril^ed as Clilorostoina. No. 123496
Ffalistylus pupoideus described as Fenclla. No. 14824
Cythnia albida, described as Cythna. No. 15569
Teinostoina supravallatum. described as Iithnlia. Xo. 15574
T. inz'allatum, described as F.thalia. No. 15574b
Arene acuticostata, described as Liotia. No. 16282, lectotype
Liotia jene strata. No. 16283, lectotype
Homalopoma bacidum, described as Leptonyx. No. 16284
Imperator serrafus Carpcuier=Astraea undo.^a (Wood) young. No. 11832
Phasianella substriata. described as P. (Hucoswia) (? variegata, var.). No. 11829
P. compta punctulata. No. 11288

DEPOSITORIES OF TYPES 23

P. puUoides. No. 14814 (16285-16386)

P. pulloidcs elatior. No. 16287

Lacuna solidula compacta. No. 15530b

L. porrecta cxaequata. No. 15532

L. porrecta effusa. No. 15533

L. porrecta. No. 15549b

L. unifasciata. No. 16257

L. variegata. No. 15531

"Littorina castanca." No. 16290. Described as ? PaluditicUa

L. subrotundata, described as Assiminca. No. 15586

Aniphithalamus inclusus. No. 15573x

A. lacunatiis. No. 15564

Alvania filosa. No. 36632

A. carpenteri (Weinkauff) = [.'i. reticulata Carpenter] No. 17728, lectotype

A. compacta, described as Rissoa. No. 4338
Barlccia haliotiphila. No. 15558

B. marmorca, described as Diala. No. 14821
Tachyrhynchus lactcolum, described as Mcsalia. No. 4195
T. lactcolum subplanatum described as Mesalia. No. 4195b
Petaloconchns compactus, described as Bivonia. No. 13580
Caecum caltfoniicum Dall=C. cooper! Carpenter, No. 15719
Micranelluvi crebricinctum, described as Caecum. No. 14930
Diala acuta. Early California State Survey, No. 390
Bittium armillatum. No. 15653; also Redpath Museum

B. attenuatum. No. 15584; [=B. esnriens, No. 14832]

B. purpureitm, described as Cerithiopsis. No. 14823

B. quadrifilatum. No. 14849 (14935)

B. rugatum. No. 7154

B. interfossa, described as Rissoina. No. 224860

B. nmnitmn, described as Cerithiopsis. No. 15501a, b

Alabina tcnuisculpta, described as Mesalia. No. 14933

A. turrit a, described as Stylijcrina. No. 15566
Cerithiopsis cohimna. No. 14823b

Epitonium indianorum, described as Scalaria. No. 15521, lectotype

E. siibcoronatiijii, described as Scalaria. No. 14830b (15732)

E. tinctum, described as Scalaria. No. 19510, lectotype

E. bellistriatiim, described as .Scalaria. No. 14831b, lectotype

Opalia phiricosta ms. Carpenter =0. inontereyensis Dall. No. 23397

Opalia spongiosa. No. 14830; =0. retiporosa. No. 11843=0. bullata Redpath Museum.

No. 76
Balcis compacta, described as Etdi))ia. No. 13517b

B. ther sites, described as Eulima. No. 11795
B. rutila, described as Eulima. No. 14928
B. micans, described as Eulima. No. 14850

Odostomia callimorpha Dall and ^?ir\.?,ch-=Chrysallida piimila Cpr. No. 15565

Odostomia ciiicta, described as Chrysallida. No. 15730

O. inflata. No. 15521b, lectotype (=0. jczvetti Dall and Bartsch)

O. tenuisculpta. No. 15520 {Sec also O. satura)

O. gouldii. No. 22821

O. avellana. No. 15517b

O. nuciformis. No. 15517a

O. satura. No. 15520 (See also O. tenuisculpta.) ;=0. pupijormis. No. 15520a

O. jezvetti Dall and Bartsch=0. inflata Carpenter in part. No. 15521c

"Chemnitcia subcusptdata":=Turbon{lla tenuicula Gould in part. No. 14829

24 MARIXF MOLI.rSCA DKSCRIREn RY P. P. CARPENTER

Turbonilla virgo, described as Chemnitzia. No. 73993

T. aurantia, described as Chemnitzia. No. 4493b

T. stylina, described as Chemnitzia torquata ? var. stylina. No. 14829. Also Redpath
Museum

T. tridentata, described as Chemnitzia. No. 15315b

Iselica fenestrata, described as Isapis. No. 15772 and 15775

/. obttisa, described as Isapis. No. 14814 (14936)

Calyptraea contorta, described as Galcrus. No. 11846

Hipponix tumens. No. 14929 (14817b, 15293, 15652, 15715)

H. antiquatus cranioides. No. 15508 (15508Q)

Vehttina prolougata. No. 11842

Ocenebra inter fossa. No. 4636

O. interjossa atropurpurea. No. 15528b

Trophonopsis triangulatus, described as Trophon. No. 11839 paratype ; also Univ. Cali-
fornia

Exilioidea rectirostris, described as Chrysodomus. No. 4515

Amphissa undata, described as Amycla. No. 23284

Anachis penicillata. No. 15576, lectotype

A. subturrita. No. 14952

Aesopus chrysalloides, described as Amycla. No. 14953 (15325C)

Gibberulina pyriformis, described as J'olutella. No. 14950, lectotype; also Redpath Mu-
seum

Cystiscus regularis, described as Margiuella. No. 55391, lectotype; also Redpath Mu-
seum

Ophiodermella incisa, described as Drillia. No. 6320

"Mangelia" levidensis. No. 4487

M. crebricostata. No. 15512b

M. interjossa. No. 22818; also Redpath Museum

M. variegata. No. 11798; also Redpath Museum

Pseudomelatoma moesta, described as Drillia. No. 14942

P. torosa, described as Drillia. No. 3286

P. torosa aurantia, described as Drillia. No. 15310

Granotoma excurvata, described as Bela. No. 4493C

Propebela tabulata, described as ? Mangelia. No. 19403; also Redpath Museum

Mitromorplui aspera, described as ? Daphnella. No. 22816

Admete modesta, described as Cancellaria. No. 16238

Terebra "philippiana" Dall=il/v;<rf //a simplex Carpenter. No. 4943

Acteon punctocaclatus, descril)ed as Tornatella. No. 14914

Atys casta. No. 4014.

Cylichna attonsa, described as C. {? cylindricea var.). No. 4495

IVilliamia peltoides, described as Nacella. No. 4023 ; also Redpath Museum

Nacella subspiralis=-Williamia peltoides. Lost

Scaphopoda

Dentalium rectius. No. 5283
Amphineura

Leptochiton internexus Carpenter in Pilsbry, described as I.cpidopleurus. No. 30750

L. nexus. No. 16270

Nuttallina fluxa, described as Acanthoplcura. No. 15690b

Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilsbry. No. 19471, also Redpath Museum

/. retiporosus. No. 4499

/. scabricostatus. No. 16268

/. trifidus, described as Trachydermon. No. 30946.

/. veredentiens. No. 16259

LIST OF TYPES NOT FOUND 25

Dcndrochiton gothica. (lcscril)cd as Ischnochiton. No. 16271; also Redpath Museum
Mopalia imporcata. No. 4499 ; also Redpath Museum
M. sinuata. No. 4473 ; also Redpath Museum

LIST OF TYPES NOT FOUND

The types of the following molluscan species described by Carpenter from the
West Coast (San Diego to Puget Sound) have not been found.

Pelecypoda

Ostrea lurida expansa

O. lurida laticaiidata

O. lurida ruf aides

Pec ten Hindsii, see P. rubidiis Hinds

Modiola nitens

Adula stylifia Cpr. [—Adula calif ornicnsis (Philippi) ]

Kellia rotundata

Protothaca lacinata, described as Tapes

P. staminea (Conrad) forma orbella

P. tenerri)iia, described as Tapes

Solen rosaceus

Gastropoda

Acmaea limatttla

"Acmaea strigillata Nuttall"

Margarites tenuisculptus, described as Margarita ( ? v. [Vahlii]) tenuisciilpta

Calliostoma formosum^zC .gemmulatuni, type questionable

Trochicus conve.Yus=Norrisia norrisii (Sowerby), young

Lacuna nnifasciata anrantiaca

Barleeia subtenuis

B. subtenuis rimata

Assiminea translucens, described as Jeffreysia

Turritella cooperi

T. jewetti

Aletes squamigerus

Diastoma fastigiatum, described as Bittium

"Epitoniuni crebricostatum," described as Scalaria

E. tiara, described as Scalaria

Turbonilla laminata, described as Dunkeria

T. chocolata, described as Chemnitzia

Calicanthanis fortis, described as Pisania

Mitrella gouldii

Nassarius insculptus, described as Nassa

Ophiodcrmella cancellata, described as Drillia

"? Daphnclla effusa"

Siphonaria thersites

Amphineura

Ischnochiton decipiens Carpenter in Pilsbry

Mopalia muscosa kennerleyi

M. swanii

Basiliochiton flee tens, described as Ischnochiton

26

ArARIXF. >ror,Ll'SCA DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL
SPECIES AS LISTED BY BALL (1921) AND THE PRESENT REPORT

Names in roman type are synonymus.
Dall, 1921 (by generic name) Present Report (by generic name)

Pelecypoda

-S". valfulus*
Nuculana hamata
Huxleyia munita (Dall)
G. subohsoleta
P. sctosa*

Soloiiya valvulus*

Leda hamata

Cyrilla munita (Carpenter) Dall

Glycyiiieris subohsoleta

Pliilobrya setosa*

Ostrca pal inula*

0. lurida

O. lurida expansa

Pec ten hindsii
P. paiicicostatus*
P. circularis acquisulcatus
Modiolus jornicatus
Asthenothaerus t'illosior*
Kennerlia filosa
Cuspidaria pectinata
Plectodon scaber
Astarte compacta
Crassatellites fluctuatus
Cardita subquadrata
J \'ncricardia prolongatus
Axinopsis scricatus
Diplodonta subquadrata*

Parz'ilucina tcnnisculpta

Rochefortia tumida
Scrridens oblonga
Pseudopythinu rugifera
I.epton merocum
Protocardia ccntifilosa
Marcia kenneriyi Carpenter, Reeve
^f. subdiaphana
Protothaca tenerrima
P. staminea lacinata
P. staminea orbella
? Psephidia sahnonea

Petricola dcnticulata Sowcrby, Dall in part
Cooperella subdiaphana
Tcllina lanicllata*
T. salmonea

T. carpenteri Dalli=Angulus variegatus Car-
penter
T. modesta

T. buttoni Dall=Angulus obtusus Carpenter
Metis alta Conrad

O. lurida laticaudata
(). lurida
O. lurida expansa
O. conchaphila*
P. rubidus Hinds

P. circularis aequisulcatus

Modiolus jornicatus

A. villosior*

Pandora filosa

C. pectinata

Lciomya scahra

A. compacta

Eucrassatella fluctuata

Clans subquadrata

Miodontiscus prolongatus

Axinopsida sericata

Taras subquadratus*

Lucina excavata*

Lucina tenuisciilpta

Kellia lapcrousii chironii

My sella tumida

Pristes ohlongus

P. rugifera

L. nicroeum

Nemocardium centifilosum

I lutnilaria kcnncrlcyi (Reeve)

C 'oiiipso myax su bdiaphana

P. tenerrima

P. laciniata

P. staminea forma orbella

P. salmonea

P. telliinyalis

C. suhdiaphana

T. lamcllata*

T. salmonea

T. carpenteri (Dall)

T. modesta

T. buttoni (Dall)

.Ipolymetis biangulata

Species, the type locality of which is not in the limits of the present report.

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

27

Macoma cxf>ansa
M. yoldifonitis
Macoma indcntata
Seviele incongnia
GohracHs regiilaris*
Solen rosaceus

Sphenia fragilis*
S. ovoidea
Corbula luteola
Martesia intcrcalata*

M. expansa
M. yoldiformis
M. indent at a
S. incongnia
Gari regularis*
S. rosaceus
Tagelus polifus'*
S. fragilis*
S. ovoidea
C. luteola
M. intcrcalata*

Dentalium rcctiiis

SCAPHOPODA

D. rectins

Acteon punctococlata

Acteocina carinata*

A. planata

Volvulella cylindrica

Atys casta*

Cylichnella attonsa

Melampus olivaccus*

Siphonaria thersitcs

Williamia pcltoides*

Melampns olivaccus

Terebra pedroamim philippianuiu Dall

= T. simplex Carpenter
Clathrodrillia ittcisa

C. rhincs Dall ^ Drillia cancellata Carpenter
Pseudomclatoma moesta
P. torosa
P. aurantia
Lora fabulafa
L. excurvata
Mangilia angulata
M. pulchrior Dall
M. interfossa
M. crebricostata
M. lez'idensis

Gastropoda

A. piinctocaclatus

Coleophysis carinata*

A. inculfa (Gould)

V. cylindrica

A. casta*

Cylichna attonsa

M. olivaccus*

S. thersitcs

W. peltoidcs* (includes Nacella suhspiralis)

M. oliz'acciis

T. "philtppiana Dall"

Cytharella fusconotata
Canccllaria modesta
Adniete couthouyi gracilior
Olivella boetica
Marginella jetvctti
M. subtrigona
M. rcgularis
Cypracolina pryifornns
Mitromorpha aspera
M. filosa

Exilia rectirostris

Ophiodcrmella incisa

Ophiodermclla cancellata

P. moesta

P. torosa

P. torosa aurantia

Propebcla tabulata

Granotoma excurvata

Mangelia barbarensis Oldroyd ct al.

Mangelia nitens

M. interfossa

M. crebricostata

"Mangelia" Icvidensis

Mangelia variegata

C. fusconotata

Admete modesta

Admcte gracilior (fossil only)

O. bactica Marrat in Sowerby

Cystiscus jczvettii

C. subtrigona

C. rcgularis

Gibberulina pyriformis

M. aspera

M. filosa

"? Daphnella effusa"

Exilioidea rectirostris

28

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Alectrion insculptus

Anachis penicillata

Anachis subturrita

Columbella tuherosa

Nitidella gouldii

Aesopus etirytoides*

A. chrysalloides

Amphissa undata

Tritoiialia lurida iiuinda

T. squamulifcra

T. poulsoni

T. inter fossa

T. inter jossa (alpha) (Carpenter) Dall

T. inter jossa (beta) (Carpenter) Dall

T. interfossa atropurpnrea (Carpenter) Dall

Trophon triangulatus

T. tennisculpta

Coralliophila hindsii*

Epitonium spongiosum

E. retiporosum

E. bellasfriatnm

E. indianorunt

E. tinctmn

E. subcoronata

E. crebricostata

E. tiara

Melanella thersites

M. micans

Alabi)ia tcnuisculpta

Bittiti7n attcnuatum

B. rugatum

B. quadrifilatmn

B. armillatum

B. purpureum

B. interfossa

B. vnoiitiim

Micranellum crebricinctum
Bivonia compacta
Aletes squamigeru-s
Petaloconchns macrophragma
Turrj fella jexvctti
T. coo peri

Tachyrhynchus lacteolus
T. lacteolus subplanatus
Littorina subrotundata
L. castanea

Nassarius insculptus

A. penicillata

A. subturrita

Mitrella tuber osa

.If. gouldii

A. eurytoides*

A. chrysalloides

A. undata

T. lurida munda Dall in Williamson

Ocenebra squamulifcra

O. poulsoni

O. interfossa

[Dall, not Carpenter 1

[Dall, not Carpenter]

[Carpenter, not Dall]

Trophonopsis triangularis

Ocenebra tenuisculpta (fossil not Recent)

Opalia spongiosa
See O. spongiosa
E. bellistriatum
E. indianorum
E. tinctum
E. subcoronatuni

Lacuna porrecta
L. porrecta effusa

E. tiara

Opalia insculpta
Balcis thersites
Balcis micans

A. tenuisculpta

B. attenuatuni
B. rugatum

B. quadrifilatum

B. armillatum

B. purpureum

B. interfossa

B. munitunt

Cerithidea hegczvischii albonodosa

M. crebricinctum

Petaloconchus compactus

A. squamigerus

P. macrophragma

T. jeivetti

T. cooperi

T. lacteolunt

T. lacteoluni suhplanatuni

L. subrotundata

"I., castanea"

I., scutulata pullata*

L. porrecta

L. porrecta effusa

* Species, the type locality of which is not in the limits of the present report.

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

29

L. porrecta cxaeqiiala

L. porrecta putcoloides (Carpenter ms.) Dall

L. divaricata Fabricius

L. variegata

L. unifasciata

Lacuna unifasciata aitrantiaca

Fossanis parcipictus

Iselica jenestrata

I. obtusa

Diala acuta

D. marmorea

Barleeia haliofiphila*

B. siibtenuis

B. <s-itbtenuis riiiiata

Amphithalamus tiiclusus

A. lacunatus

Alvania carpcntcri Weinkauff = A.

reticulata Cari>enter
A. filosa
A. compacta
A. acntilirata
Synccra transhtcens
Hipponix serralus
H. antiquatus cranioides
H. tutnens
Calyptraea contorta
Velutitia prolongata
Lepeta caecoidcs
Acmaea mitra fiiniculala
A. cassis monticoJa
A. scutum cribaria
Acmaea limatula
A. persona istrigillata
A. rosacea
A. triangularis

L. porrecta exaequata

L. puteoloides Dall

"L. solidula compacta" in part

L. variegata

L. unijasciata

L. unijasciata aurantiaca

Phasianella compta puncttilata

P. pidloides

P. pidloides elatior

P. substriafa*

Leptothyra carpcnteri Pilsbry = L.

sanguinea Cpr.
L. bacula
Liotia jenestrata
L. acuticostata
Halistylus subpupoideus
Tegula junebralis subapcrta
Calliostoma variegatum
C. gemnnilatmn
C. supragranosum
C. splendens

Cidarina cidaris A. Adams
Solariella peramahiUs

I. jenestrata

I. obtusa

D. acuta

Barleeia marmorea

B. haliotiphila*

B. subtenuis

B. subtenuis rimata
A. inchtsus

A. lacunatus

A. carpenteri Weinkauff

A. filosa

A. compacta

A. acutelirata

Assiminea transhicens

(H. serratus)

H. antiquatus

H. tumens

C. contorta
F. prolongata
L. caccoides
A. juniculata

A. cassis monticola, nomcn nudum

A. [jenestrata] cribaria

A. limatula

A. strigatella

A. rosacea

A. triangularis

A. atrata*

P. compta punctulata

P. pulloides

P. pulloides elatior

P. substriata*

Homalopoma carpenteri (Pilsbry)

Homalopoma baculum

Liotia jenestrata

Arene acuticostata

H. pupoideus

T. junebralis subapcrta

C. variegatum

C. gemmulatum

C. supragranosum

C. splendens

C. cidaris (Adams in Carpenter)

S. peramabilis

30

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Margarites salnwneus

M. rhodia Dall = AI. inflata Cpr. in part

M. succinctus*

M . junicitlatus

Margarites optabilis

M. lacunatus

M. parcipictus

M. infiatida Dall = M. inflata Carpenter

in part
M. lirulattts
M. lirulatus conicus
M. lirulatus obsoletns
M. lirulatus subelcvcttus
M. acuticostatus
M. (vahlii \a.T.?) tenuiscidptiis
Teinostomu supravallata
T. invallata
LucapincUa callomarginata (Carpenter tns.)

Dall
Diadora murina (Carpenter ms.) Dall
Puncturella coopcri

M. salinoneus
M. rhodia Dall
M. succinctus*
.1/. jiiniculatus
M. optabilis
M. lacunatus
.1/. parcipictus
M. inftatuhis Dall

.1/. lirulatus

.\f. lirulatus conicus

M. lirulatus obsoletus

M . lirulatus subelcvatus

M. acuticostatus

M. tenuisculptus

T. supravallatum

T. invallatum

L. callomarginata (Dall)

Diodora murina (Arnold)
P. cooperi

Lepidopleurus rugatus*

L. internexus

L. nexus

I.epidochitona flectens

/.. liartu'egii

Nuttallina flnxa

Ischnochiton fallax

I. acrior

I. conspicua

Ischnochiton rctiporosus

I. radians

I. scabricostatus

I. aureotinctus

I. 7'eredentiens

I. neivconibi

I. serratus*

I. corrugatus

I. cooperi

I. cooperi acutior* (Carpenter ms.)

/. decipiens

I. sinudentatus

I. regular is
I. trifidus

Chaetopleura gemma
C. beani*
C. parallel a*

Amphineura

Leptochiton rugatus*
L. internexus Carpenter in Pilsbry
L. nexus

Ba-siliochiton flectens
Cyanoplax hartzvegii
N. fluxa

I. fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. acrior Pilsbry
/. conspicuus "Dall" Pilsbry
/. retiporosus

I. radians Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. scabricostatus

I. aureotinctus Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. vcredenticns

I. nezvcombi Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. serratus*

I. corrugatus Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. cooperi "Dall" Pilsbry
Dall /. cooperi acutior "Dall"*

/. decipiens Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. sinudentatus Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. calijorniensis Berry = /. pectinatus

Carpenter
/. regularis
I. trifidus

C. gemma "Dall" Pilsbry
C. bean a*
C. parallela*

* Species, the type locality of which is not in the limits of the present report.

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

31

C. prasinata*

?C. gothica

Pallochiton lanuginosns (Carpenter ms.)

Ball*
Callistochiton pahnulatus
C. decoratus*
Mopalia vmscosa acuta
M. muscosa kenneriyi
M. muscosa szvanii
Mopalia imporcata
}[. sinuata
Placiphorclh vclata
Acanthochiinna avicula

C. prasinata*

Dendrochiton gothicus

P. lanuginosns "Dall" Pilsbry*

C. pahnulatus Carpenter in Pilsbry

C. decoratus Pilsbry*

M. acuta

M. muscosa kcnnerleyi

M. swanii

M. imporcata

M. sinuala

P. velata Dall

A. avicula

COLLECTIONS OF CARPENTER SPECIES
Chicago Natural History Museum
(Identified by Philip P. Carpenter)

The following list was compiled in 1945 by Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower
Invertebrates. The nomenclature is that used by Carpenter. Information regard-
ing locality and number of specimens was added by the author in January 1951.

The Chicago Natural History Museum (then Field Columbian Museum of
Chicago) purchased in 1895 a first set of duplicates of the "Philip Carpenter
Collection of Shells" from the Peter Redpath Museum, McGill University. The
collection consisted of 4039 specimens (Haas, personal communication, Dec. 27,
1944; see Haas, 1944, and anonymous, 1895).

No types were found among this material. Many of the specimens had early
Smithsonian Institution labels and were collected by Jewett, Xantus, Swan, and
j. G. Cooper. The collection is important in that it is a primary source of Car-
penter identifications of specimens made by the original collectors. Where the
type has not been found, as in Turrit ella coo peri, the shells would be* available
from which to choose a neotype. The collection would also furnish additional
specimens of original material by which one is able to obtain a better concept of
what Carpenter considered the species to be if only the holotype or a few syntypes
were available. The list is inserted to give the present location of source material
for those who are interested in comprehensive work on species or genera.

The spelling, abbreviations, and punctuation of the specific names and locali-
ties are given as on the original labels.

Number of

Catalogue

Genus and Species

Specimens

Locality

Number

Acmaea [? pileolus,

Midd]

var. rosacea

Monterey

5868

Adula stylina

1 double

Between V'ancouver
& Calif.

6250

Alaba siipralirata

1

Cape San Lucas,
Xantus

8255

Alvania exctirvata

1

Mazatlan

8291

Amycla tuber osa

"Sta. Barbara:
fossil"

7596,7671

32

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIHKI) UV

P. CARPENTER

Genus and Species

Number of
Specimens

Locality

Catalogue
Number

Anachis (coslellata ?) var.

pachyderma
Angulus (Moerella) salmoneus
Aplexa aurantia
Bittinm ? var. rsurtens
Bittinin fastigiattim
Bittinm quadnjUatum
Bittium rugatum
Bivonia compacta on Pachypoma

gibberosum
Bryophila setosa

Bulla adamsi "Menlce"

Caecum cooperi

Caecum crebricinctum

Caecum (Fartulum) dextroversum

Caecum (Anellum) elegantissimum

Caecum {Fartulum) farcimen
Caecum {Anellum) undatum
Caecum {Fartulum) vitreum'

Caecum {Fartulum) [Ivitreum van]

clarkii
Callista puella

Cerithidea ? varicosa

Sow. bar. Mazatlanica
Cerithiopsis columna

Cerithiopsis munita
Cerithiopsis purpurea

Chama frondosa var. mexicana
Chrysallida fasciata
Chrysallida ovulum
Chrysallida telescopium
Circe subtrigona
Columbella Sla-barbarensis
Crenella coarctata
Cyrena olivacea
? Daphnella aspera
Diala marmorea
Donax culminatus
Donax ? punctatostriatus

var. caelatus
Drillia aterrima Sowerby

var. melchersi
Drillia torosa
Fissurella alba
Glyphis saturnalis
Hipponyx cranioides
Hip pony X serratus
Isapis fenestrata
Jeffreysia bifasciata
Lacuna ? var. compacta
Lacuna ? var. effusa
Lacuna por recta
Lacuna variegata
Leiostraca ? distorta var. yod
Leptochiton granoliratus

Litorina penicillata
Litorina philippii

4

Mazatlan

4700

4^ double

Neah Bay, Swan

7163

4

Mazatlan

11400

10

Neah Bay, Swan

5053

1

Sta. Barbara, Jewett

7428

1

San Diego

5050

1

Sta. Barbara, Jewett
Neah Bay

7429

Vancouver

20102

1 double

Cape San Lucas,

Xantus

6191

1

Mazatlan

7282

1

Catalina Isl.

8275

1

Monterey

8277

1

Mazatlan

5132

1

Tenerife Canaries,

R. M. Andrew leg

.5142

1

Mazatlan

5134

3

Mazatlan

5134,6055

1

Tenerife Canaries

R. M. Andrew leg

.5141

Tenerife Canaries

R. M. Andrew leg

.5139

5 double

C. S. L.

6667

plus singles

Mazatlan

5068,7739

Monterey, Calif.

J. G. Cooper

7711

Swan

5071

Sta. Barbara,

Jewett

7709

1 valve

Mazatlan

6627,6639

Mazatlan

5435

Mazatlan

5436

Mazatlan

5437

1 tiny valve

Mazatlan

6698

C. S. L. Xantus

7730

Mazatlan

6279

1 double

Mazatlan

6843

Monterey

7367

Monterey

8267

1 double

Mazatlan

6882

1 double

Mazatlan

6687

16

Mazatlan

4271,7401

Monterey

7385

Mazatlan

5821

C. S. L.

5809

Neah Bay

5316

Mazatlan

5319

Neah Bay, Swan

13158

Mazatlan

5221

Neah Bay, Swan

8203

Neah Bay, Swan

8204

12

Vancouver

5215

10

Neah Bay

5211

Mazatlan

5421

Moyador, Morocca,

McAndrew

5915

10

C. S. L.

5197

3 1 operculum

Mazatlan

8159

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER AfATERTAL

33

Genus and Species

Number of
Specimens

Locality

Catalogue
Number

Litorina pullata
Lucina lingualis

Lucina undata
Lucina tenuisculpta
Mangelm interfossa
Mangelia levidensis
Mangelia tabulata
Margarita acuticoslata
Margarita lirulata
Margarita ? var. salmonea
Margarita tenuisculpta
Marginella jewettii
Marginella margarilula
Meioceras cornubovis
Modiola fornicata

Modiola? Braziliensis var.
mutabilis

Murex lividus

Murex ? recurvirostris, var.

lividus
Mytilus multiformis
Myurella albocincta

Nacella ? var. triangularis
Nassa insculpta

Nitidella gouldi
Ocinebra interfossa
Ocinebra lurida var. munda
Odostomia inflata jun.

Odostomia nuciformis
Omphalius ? rugosus var.

rufotinctus
Ostrea conchaphila

Petaloconchus macrophragma
Phasianella (? compta var.)
elatior

Phasianella (? compta var.)

pulloides
Planorbis tumens

Rissoa compacta
Rissoina woodwardii
Scalaria indianorum
Truncaria eurytoides
Turritella cooperi
Vanikoro cryptophila

2

C. S. L. Xantus

8188

1 double

2 valves

C. S. L., Xantus

7098

2 doubles

Gulf of Calif.

7096

1 left valve

Catalina Is. 30 fms.

7088

1

Vancouver, Swan

7365

3

Neah Bay, Swan

4416

2

Neah Bay, Swan

4415

5

Monterey

5725

1 broken

Neah Bay, Swan

5729

2

Monterey

5715

1

Neah Bay

5717

1

Monterey

7336

1

Mazatlan

8231

West Indies

5137

2 (1 of each

valve)

Monterey

6245

2 doubles

Mazatlan

6232

3 doubles

6236,6255

6

Mazatlan

4709,

3

13074
4709,13074

1 valve

Mazatlan

6223

11

Mazatlan

4526,

1

4531

small 1 broken

Monterey

5901,5901A-19468

1

Catalina Isl.,

J. G. Cooper

12993

3

Neah Bay

4693

1

Vancouver Swan

4745

15

Neah Bay

4744

1

Sta. Barbara,

Jewett

5448

1

Neah Bay, Swan

5446

3

Mazatlan

5692

1 valve

Mazatlan

6056

1 valve

6058

1

Mazatlan

8211

1

Sta. Barbara,

Jewett

7726

4

Monterey

5551

2

Mazatlan

4476,

1

7817

1

Neah Bay, Swan

8309

1

Mazatlan

7523

13 some broken

Neah Bay

8454

3

C. S. L.

4683

1

San Pedro, Calif.

5118

1

Mazatlan

5354

Museum of Comparative Zoology
Identified by P. P. Carpenter*

At the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, there are
specimens v^hich represent original Smithsonian Institution and California Geo-

*This list includes only those specimens pertaining to the area of this report. Compiled by
the author in 1946 from original labels. Spelling and form are as on labels.

34

MARINE MOLLITSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

logical Survey (J. G. Cooper) material. Some were included in the C. B. Adams
collection and acquired from Amherst College. Some came from the Peabody
Museum at Salem. The specimens were labelled "cotypes," but they do not belong
in that category. Some have the original Smithsonian labels, such as "collected by
Indian children at Neeah [sic] Bay, W. T. and Vancouver by Mr. J. G. Swan,
teacher." These labels, as has been explained previously, definitely date the col-
lections and source, but they cannot, unless otherwise indicated, be classed as
Carpenter types. By comparing the list included with that of the missing types,
a few might serve as a source of neotypes. There were about 19 at the time of an
examination of the collection in 1946. More specimens may be found later which
were originally labelled or indicated by Carpenter as "type." Some had original
notes signed by Carpenter. The specimens were either of extraneous, obscure, or
manuscript types which did not enter into the subject of this report.

Number

of

Catalogue

Genus and Species

Specimens Locality

Number

Kellia Laperousii Desh.

var. chironii

1

S. Francisco, Cooper

Cooper Coll. 144

Moera salmonea

3

Neeah Bay [sic], Swan

156378

Moera obtusa

none

Str. Fuca to San Diego

29315

Angulus obiusus

1

S. Diego, J. G. Cooper

Cooper Coll. 58

Macoma indentatu

3

Monterey

29325

M. yoldiformis

2

Santa Cruz, Cooper

Cooper 51

M. yoldiformis

1

San Pedro

Cooper 51

Ostrea (? lurida Cpr.

var.) rufoides

1

Cal. Smith. Coll.

Pectunculus (? septentrionalis,

var.) subobsoletus

2

Swan and Indian children

Dentalium rectius

1

[original Smithsonian
label]

Acmaea pileolus rosacea

2

Santa Cruz

Cooper 455

Margarita lirulata

1

Neeah Bay, Swan

154167

Margarita? var. tenuisculpta

1

Neeah Bay, Swan

15168

Margarita (? var.) salmonea

7

Cooper

141186

Gibbida parcipida

3

Catalina Id., J. G. Cooper

• 141129

Gibbula succincta

1

Neeah Bay

141123

Leptothyra baciila

1

Monterey

Cooper 482

12

Cal. Geol. Sur. 482

Leptolhyra sanquinea

many

Monterey, Cooper

3

St. Fuca

Cooper Coll.

Lacuna porrecta var. effusa

4

Neeah Bay, Swan

142817

L. porrecta

4

Neeah Bay, Swan

142810

1

Cooper 193

6

Neeah Bay, Swan

156379

L. porrecta var. exaequala

1

Neeah Bay

142809

L. solidula compacta

2

Neeah Bay

142809

L. unifasciata

Catalina, S. Cruz

Cooper

L. variegata

3

Neeah Bay Swan,

161281

Pliasianella compla pimctulata

1

St. Barbara, Jewett Coll.

151719

Diala marmorea

3

Monterey, Coll. J. G.

Cooper 619

142816

Turritella coo peri

1

S. Pedro [Smithsonian
label]

3

Santa Barbara

548

5

S. Pedro, Cal. Geol.

Sur. 548

29222

T. jewetti

2

Santa Barbara, Cooper

142835

2

Cal. Geol. Sur. 549

29399

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

35

Number

of

Catalogue

Genus and Species

Specimens Locality

Number

Bivonia compacta

2

Neeah Bay, Cooper 543

Serpulorbis squamigerus

2

Santa Barbara,

Cooper 542

29246

Cerithiopsis munita

3

Neeah Bay, Swan

161279

Scalaria indianorum

Swan and Indian children

Rissoa compacta

2

Neeah Bay

(Ace. 1173)

1

Neeah Bay

(Ace. 1168)

Dunkeria laminata

1

Cal. State Sur., Cooper

3

Coll. Cooper 670-133

10519

Chemnitzia tenuicula var.

subcuspidata

none

S. Diego, 6 fm.. Cooper

10517

Hipponyx cranioides

2

Neeah Bay, Swan

161278

2

Neeah Bay, Swan

154171

Ocinebra interfossa

3

Neeah Bay, Swan

154169

4

Neeah Bay, Swan

15165

6

Vancouver, Swan

0. interfossa atropurpurea Dall

2

Swan

154170

[The Dall label was added

subsequently]

0. interfossa atropurpurea

3

Catalina, Cooper

2

J. G. Cooper 764

0. lurida niunda

4

Neeah Bay, Swan

154166

0. squamulifera

2

San Diego, Cooper 776

3

S. Cruz, Cooper

Mangelia tabulata

1

Neeah Bay, Swan

151649

1

Smithsonian label

156380

2

Boston Society Natural

Nacella triangulatiis
Callistochiton palmulatus

("Identified by P. P.

Carpenter")

Chaetopleura gemma

[copy of Carpenter label]

Chaetopleura nuttalii-Hartwegii
Isnochiton cooperi acutior
Ischnoradsia regularis

Leptopleurus nuttallii

5

10

2

History label 165511

Monterey, Cooper coll. 446

San Diego, Hemphill

Coll. 2685

San Diego, Hemphill

Coll. 273

San Diego, Hemphill Coll.
Bolinas
Monterey, Coll. R. E.

Stearns
San Diego, Hemphill Coll.

Miscellaneous Collections

The American Museum of Natural History has two collections, Haines and
Crooke, which contain Carpenter marine molluscan species. The Haines Collec-
tion was bought in about 1894, and the Crooke Collection was probably acquired
at an earlier date. Although the material includes a considerable number of
specimens of Carpenter species there is no record that they were identified by
Carpenter except in the case of 11 species in the Haines Collection, none of
which came from the area of this report. Characteristic spelling and places sug-
gest that some of the "northwest" specimens came from original material.

The Chicago Academy of Sciences (Accession No. 35) purchased in 1894 or
1895, 3000'^ specimens of mollusks, worldwide, land, fresh water, and marine,

^ The figures in the reference (Anonymous, 1895, p. 55) would not be 3000 "species" but
specimens [1376 species].

36 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

from the Boston Society of Natural History. The shells had been identified by
P. P. Carpenter. Accession No. 10 of the Chicago Academy represents 3000 speci-
mens received from the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia in 1894. A
few Carpenter species are represented in that material. An examination of the
records does not reveal any original Carpenter material. The specimens of Car-
penter's species were acquired after Carpenter's death and probably after 1900.

There are in the Redpath Museum duplicate specimens of species described
by Carpenter from the West Coast. The Redpath Carpenter collection is in the
process of rearrangement and cataloging. Many specimens were scattered, so
that a complete list of Carpenter's species of this area cannot yet be made. More
types will probably turn up before the work is finished (Table 1).

PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

37

rt

nt3

c

n

rt

rt

1/2

U

o

c

M

(Tl

(U

C/2

Q

c3 TJ
V2 <"

^^

TD

etc

O

rt

O

O

c

>.

o

(fl

"(5

CQ

n

J-;

OJ

O)

(fl

03

^

i^

<ll

rt

>

T3

J3

o

C

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c

o

c

tn

3

>

U

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r

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-1

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o

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X : : X . . X

. X

^ o «^::i -s

J

•o e

■w ^ w vo ■

rt

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c

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JD

rt

01

3

0

■o-o

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C

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?^•S ^-O,*- St ©-^

^ o, CI, h^ 15; Cj ci, n.

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38

MARINE MOLLUSC A DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Co

■?^co

Id Q

C-T3

c

rt

rt

03
U

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PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

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40

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY T. P. CARPENTER

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PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

41

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MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

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PRESENT-DAY CARPENTER MATERIAL

43

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44 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BV P. P. CARPENTER

TYPE LOCALITIES SOUTH OF SAN DIEGO

The following are species whose type locality is below San Diego (except
Mazatlan) but whose range extends north.
Pexecvpoda
Solemya vakndus. Type locality, Cape San Lucas; type not found
Asthenothaenis villosior. Type locality, Cape San Lucas ; type, No. 16292, U.S.N.M.
Gari regularis described as Psammobia. Type locality, Cape San Lucas; type, No. 19407,
U.S.N.M.

Gastropoda
Acmaea airafa. Type locality, Cape San Lucas; type. No. 4019, U.S.N.M.
Acmaea strigatella. Type locality. Cape San Lucas; type. No. 12594, U.S.N.M.
"Phasianella carpcnteri" Dall = Eucosmia punctata Cpr. Type locality. Cape San Lucas ;

type not found
Littorhia scutulata piiUata, described as "Litorina." Type locality. Cape San Lucas. [Type

information not completed.]
Barleeia haliotiphila. Type locality, Lower California; type. No. 1558, U.S.N.M.
Odustoniia aequisculpta. Type locality, Cape San Lucas; type. No. 16221, U.S.N.M.
Aesopus eurytoides, described as Trnncaria. Type locality, Cape San Lucas ; type No. 4148,

U.S.N.M.
Cytharella jusconotata, described as Cithara. Type locality, Cape San Lucas; type, No.

4081, U.S.N.M.
Atys casta. Type locality. Cape San Lucas ; lectotype, No. 4014, U.S.N.M.
Williamia peltoides, described as Nacella. Type locality, Cape San Lucas, lectotype and

paratype, No. 4023, U.S.N.M. Also Redpath Mus., paratype. No. 1156

Amphineura

Chaetopleura parallcla, described as hchnochiton. Type locality, Cape San Lucas ; type,

No. 4017, U.S.N.M., Redpath Mus., No. 46
Chaetopleura prasinata, described as hchnochiton. Type locality. Cape San Lucas; type,

No. 15892, U.S.N.M.
Pallochiton lanuginosa "Dall." Type locality, Todos Santos Bay; type Redpath Mus.,

No. 66; or if species is credited to Pilsbry, type locality Pt. Abreojos; type. No. 35684,

A.N.S.P.
Ischnochiton conspiciiits "(Dall)" Pilsbry. Type locality, La Paz, type, Redpath Mus.,

No. 65. San Diego, California, type, A.N.S.P., No. 35709
"/. cooperi acutior" Dall. Type locality, Todos Santos Bay; type. No. 30734, U.S.N.M.
/. serratus. Type locality. Cape San Lucas; type, No. 16204, U.S.N.M., lost; also Redpath

Mus., No. 98
/. decoratus Pilsbry [Car|)enter Dall, nis.] type locality, Todos Santos Bay; type, A.N.S.P.,

No. 118687

SPECIES DESCRIBED FROM MAZATLAN WHICH RANGE*NORTH

Of the molluscan species described by Carpenter from Mazatlan the range of
the following has been extended into the area north of Lower California. The
types of the species should be in the Reigen Collection in the British Museum.
The illustration of the types of these species should be included in the future
illustration of the types of the Carpenter Mazatlan Catalogue (1857a).
Pelecypoda

Ostrea conchaphila

Mytilus multiformis

TYPE LOCALITIES SOUTH OF SAN DIEGO

45

Lucina excavata
Tel Una lamellata
Taras subquadratus
Tagelus politus
Sphenia fragilis
Martesia intercalata

Gastropoha

Barlccia aldcri, described as Jeffreysia

Petaloconchus macrophragma

PyramideUa adamsi

Turbonitla iiiuricafa (fossil)

Hipponix scrrattis

Coleophysis carinata, described as Tomatina

Melampns oUvaceus

Amphineura

Chaetopleura beanii, described as Lepidopleurus

NOMINA NUDA

The following names are those which were manuscript designations of Car-
penter. Some have been utilized by later authors and, therefore, were validated
as of that author. Some were on museum labels and have appeared in lists from
that source. Others are museum labels and may or may not have been used in
later identification. The list is included herein so that workers may become aware
of their status readily and discontinue the use of the names in the literature.

Pelecyfoda

Nucula suprastriata. Not A^ suprastriata Arnold. See A', cxigua Sowerby, this report.
Cyrilla munifa. See Huxicyia munita (Dall), this report.
^fodiola platiafa
Crassatella marginata

Lasaca rubra subviridis. See Lasaca snbviridis Dall.
Lutricola alba (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639) error for L. alta Conrad. See Apnlymctis

biangulata Carpenter, this report.
Tivela marginata
Tapes gracilis

Gastropoda

Acmaea cribaria

A. mitra tenuiscidpta. See "A. mifra fenuisculpfa Dall" and A. funiculata (Carpenter),

this report.
Patella monticola and/or P. monticula Xuttall, ins.

Clypidella callomarginata. See Lucapinclla callomarginata (Dall), this report.
Calliostoma costatum laqueatum

Fissurella (Glyphis) murina. See Diodora murina xA.rnold, this report.
PhasianeUa rubrilineata. See P. rubrilineata Strong, this report.
Lacuna porrecta puteloides. See as of Dall, this report.
"Ali'ania notabilis Cpr." in Baker (1902)
"Alvani-a aequisculpta Cpr." in Keep (1887) and Baker (1902). Also Rissoa aequisculpfa

and Rissoina aequisculpta in Baker (1902)

46 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Evalca gracilicntc Cpr." Keep. See Odosiomia virginalis Dall and Bartsch, this report.

Odostomia turricula. See O. terricula [turricula] Dall and Bartsch, this report.

Oscilla insculpta. See Odostomia eucosovtia Dall and Bartsch, this report.

Chemnitzia castanea. See Turbonilla castanea Keep, this report.

"Ocinchra [sic] mimda." See O. munda Dall in Williamson, this report.

Ocenehra interfossa alpha. See O. interfossa alpha Dall, this report.

O. interfossa beta. See O. interfossa beta Dall, this rciwrt.

O. interfossa minor. See O. interfossa minor Dall, this report.

Olivella baetica. See O. baetica Marrat in Sowerhy, this report.

Cytharella aculea. See C. aculea Dall, this report.

rosacea (turrid). See Cymatosyrinx hccuha Dall, this report.

ClathrodriUia limans. See C. limans Dall, this report.

Mitromorpha gracilis Cpr. in Arnold (1903) and Oldroyd (1927).

Sc.\rHoroD.\

Cadulus nitentior. See C. nitentior Arnold, this report.

Siphonodcntalium A-fissatum. See Cadulus quadrifissatus Pilsbry and Sharp, this report.

Amphineura

Leptochiton crassus

L. rugatus. See L. rugatus Pilsbry, this report.

Chactopleura gemma. See C. gemma Dall or Pilsbry, this report.

Ischnochiton acrior. See /. acrior Pilsbry, this report.

Maugerella conspicua. See /. conspiciius ("Dall") Pilsbry, this report.

Ischnochiton cooperi. See /. cooperi "Dall" Pilsbry, this report.

"/. cooperi acutior." See /. cooperi "Dall," this report. Type locality, Todos Santos Bay;

type. No. 30734, U.S.N.M.
Chiton (Callistochiton) decoratus. See Ischnochiton decora f us Pilsbry, this report.
Callistochiton fimbriatus
Placiphorelta velata. See P. vclafa Dall, this report.

EXTRANEOUS SPECIES

The following names were applied to species which were described as of the
area under discussion but belong elsewhere,

Barbatia pernoides. Error in original label.

Pecten paucicostatus. Lower California. See P. fuinbcceiisis d'Orbigny, under heading

P. paucicostatus Carpenter, this report.
"Pecten sqnarrosus"
"Modiola nit ens"

.^facrocallista brevi.nphonata (= M. chisliiinana Pilsbry). Japan.
Corbula polychroina Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter = C. biradiata Sowerby. Panama

or Acapulco.
"Columbella" santa-barbarensis. Lower California.

Patella (? toreuma) tenuilirata "(=r Ccllana radians Gmelin)." New Zealand.
Natica ? Maroccana var. Calif ornica. Hawaiian Islands.

STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OE THE SPECIES

The following tables are a compilation of the records of geologic range of
species described by Carpenter for the area of this monograph. This list is not in-
tended to represent original research nor a verification of specific determinations

STRATIGRAPIIIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES

47

as given by the 7iJ authors from whose works the hst is compiled. The Hsts are
given for reference to papers which report occurrence of the species other than
Recent. Unless otherwise stated the mark of occurrence refers to California.
Grant and Gale (1931) included the compilation of range; in many cases a note
refers to their monograph. The definite localities will be found in each author's
paper. In addition to the list of authors given workers should consult Burch
( 1947, p. 1-18) which is a discussion with charts of comparison between the
moUusks of Pleistocene beds (Los Angeles County, California) with the Recent
fauna.

The value of the stratigraphic column depends on the correct identification
of the species. The writer cannot verify the identification made in these lists. As
stated herein, it is hoped that the illustration of the type specimens will be a
means of checking the identifications made in these lists. Many may be modified
thereby. The list is not intended to be complete.

The following is the key to the numbers used in the stratigraphic distribution
of species ( Table 2 ) .

1. Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew (1946)

2. Grant and Gale (1931)

3. Oldroyd (1925)

4. Stephens (1929)

5. Waterfall (1929)

6. Arnold (1903)

7. Carpenter in Cooper (1888)

8. Cooper (1888)

9. Chace and Chace (1919)

10. Berry (1908)

11. Jordan (1926)

12. Strong (1928)

13. Willett (1937)

14. Woodring and Bramlette (1950)

15. Clark (1931)

16. Merriam (1941)

17. Dall (1892)

18. Bartsch (1911)

19. Durham (1937)

20. Moody (1916)

21. Berry (1954)

22. Bartsch (1917)

23. Howe (1922)

24. Baily (1935)

25. Dall in Grant and Gale (1931)

26. Oldroyd (1924)
21. Howard (1935)

28. Jordan and Hertlein (1926)

29. Nomland (1917)

30. Keen (1954)

31. Woodring (1938)

32. Clark (1915)
ZZ. Hertlein (1934)

34. Emerson and Addicott (1953)

35. Durham (1950)

36. Berry (1922)
2>1. Chace (1917)

48

^^ARTNE ^rOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Table 2. — Stratigraphic distribution of species

Species Mi

iocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene

Recent

Pelecypoda

Solemya valvulus

X

Nuculana hamata

x6

X 6, 26

X

Glycytneris subobsoleta

x2, 6

X

Huxley ia munita

X 1

Philobrya setosa

X 1,2

X

Ostrea lurida

x27

X 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11
Mexico, 13

X

Pecten circularis

X 2*

X 5, 6, 28

X

aequisulcatus

Mexico, 34

Modiolus fornicatus

x6, 29

x6, 11

Mexico, 15, 34

X

Asthenothaerus villosior

X

Pandora bilirata (Conrad)

x6

X

P.filosa

X 14cf.

X 14cf.

x6, 15

X

Cuspidaria pectinata

x6, 15

X

Plectodon scabra

X

Astarte compacta

X

Eucrassatella fiuctuata

X 1

X

Glans subquadrata

X 14

X 1,2, 6, 9, 11
Mexico, 13

X

Miodontiscus prolongatus

X 14cf.

X 1, 2, 3

X

Axinopsida serricata

X

Lucina tenuisculpta

X 2*. 14cf.

X see

2, 6, 3, 15

X

Kellia laperousii chironii

X

Afysella tumida

X 14

x2, 11
Mexico

X

Pristes oblongus

X

Pseudopythina rugifera

X

Lepton meroeum

X

Nemocardium centifilosum

X 15, 30

X

Compsomyax stibdiaphana

X 14cf.

31cf. x2*, 14cf.

X 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15

X

Ilmnilaria kennerleyi (Reeve)

X

Protothaca laciniata

X 11
Mexico

X

P. staminea

X

P. tenerrima

X 14cf.

X 2*, 14cf.

x2*, 11
Mexico, 13

X

Psephidia salmonea

x6

x6, 8

X

Petricola tellimyalis

X 13

X

Cooper ella subdiaphana

X 13

X

Tellina modesta

X 11 Mexico

T. butloni Dall [ = T.

xSee2

X

obtusa (Carpenter)]

T. carpenteri Dall [= T.

xSee2

X

variegata (Carpenter)]

'P. salmonea

X 32

x3, 6

X

Apolymetis biangulala

x?2*

X? 2*

X 2*, 13, 34

X

Mucoma expansa

X

M. yoldiformis

X 2*

X 2*. 14cf.

x33

Mexico, 1 1
Mexico, 13

X

M. indentata

X 2*. 14 X 2*. 14cf.

x2*, 11

X

Mexico, 13

Semde incongrua

X 3, 15

X

Ciari regularis

X

Solen rosaceus

x2*

x2*

x2*, 11
Mexico

X

Sphenia fragilis
S. ovoidea

X
X

*See for additional localities.

STRATICRAIMIIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES

49

Table 2. — Slratigraphic distribution of species {Continued)

Species

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene Recent

Corbula luteola

Denlalium recliiis

Puncturella cooperi
A cmaea funiculata
A. limatula
A. rosacea

A. triangularis

Lepeta caecoides

Margariles lacunatus

M. tenuisculptus

M. acuticostatus

M. funiculatus

M. inflatiihis

M. lirulatus

M. lirulatus conicus

M. lirulatus ohsolctus

M. lirtdatus subelevatus

M. optabilis

M. parcipictus

M. rhodia Dall

M. salmoneus

M. succinctus

Cidarina cidaris

Solariella peramabilis

Calliostoma gemmulatum

C. splendens

C. siipragranosum

C. variegatum

Tegula funebralis suhaperta

Halistylus pupoideus

Teinostoma supravallatum

Teinostoma invallatum

Liotia fenestrata

Arene acuticostata

Homalopoma baculum

H. carpenteri (Pilsbry)

Phasianella substriata

P. compta punctulata
P. pulloides

Lacuna porrecta
L. unifasciata

L, unifasciata aiiranliaca
L. variegata

Amphithalamus inclusus
"A", lacunatus
Alvania acutelirata
A. carpenteri Weinkauff
(A. reticulata)

x2

x2*, 11

Mexico, 13, 33
Mexico, 35
Lower Cali-
fornia

X

SCAPHOPODA

? 23 X 23

x

Oregon Oregon

Gastropoda

xl

X

xl

X

X 1, 2, 3, 4

X

x33

X

Mexico

X
X
X
X
X
X
X

x5

x2, 5

X
X
X
X

X 1, 15

X
X
X
X

x 1

X

(x?) 2, 7

xl, 2, 6

X

x5

x6, 15

X

x6

X 2, 6, 13

X

x2

X

X 1,9, 13

X

X

x6

X

X 1,2, 13,34

X

X 1

X

X 1

X

xl

X

xl

X

x6, 10

X 1, 2, 6, 15

X 10

x 1, 2, 6, 9, 11
X 11

Mexico, 13

X
X

X 1, 13, 11

Mexico, 15

X

X 2, 6?

X

x 2, 4, 5, 11

Mexico, 13, 14

X 14

X

X 1?

X

X 1

X

X 1

X

x5, 10

X 1, 5, 6

50

MARINE MOLLl'SCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

TABLii 2. — Straligraphi-c distribution of species {Continued)

Species

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene

Recent

A. compacta.

A . filosa

Barleeia haliotiphila

B. viarnwrea
B. sublcnuis
Diala acuta
Assiminea transluccns

TurritrUa cooperi
Tachyrhynchiis lacteolum
T. lacteolum subplanatum

Petaloconchus cow pact ns
Aletes squamigcrus

Caecum californicum Dall

Micrancllum crebricinctum
Cerithidea hegewischii
albonodosa

Bitlium armillatum
B. attenuatum
B. pur pur cum
B. quadrifilatum
B. rngatuin

B. intcrfossa

B. munituin
Alabina tcnuisculpla
A. turrila

Cerilhiopsis columna
Diastoma fastigiatum
Epitoniiun indianorum

E. tinctum

E. hellistriatum

E. subcoronatum

Opalia insculpta

O. bullata [O. spongiosa

and O. retiporosa]
Balcis compacta
B. micans

B. rutila

B. thersites

Cythnia albida
Iselica fenestrata
I. obtusa
Hipponix lumens

H. antiquatus [cranioides]

X 16

19

X 1, 15

X

X 10

X 1, 15

X U
X 1, 11

Mexico,

14

X
X
X

X

X 1, 2*. 16

X 1, 2, 15,

16

X

X

X 11

X

Mexico

X

X 2, 4, 6, 8, 11

X

Mexico,

13,

33

Mexico,

34

X 1, 3, 6,

11

X

Mexico

X 1, 3, 6,

11

X

Mexico,

13,

17

X 35

Lower

Cali-

fornia

Type

X

X 1, 2, 3,

18

X
X
X

X Type 1 1

X

Mexico,

, 13,

15

X 1, 11

X

Mexico

X

X 1

X
X
X

X

X 5, 19

X 5, 6, 13,
15, 34

14,

X

X 8

x6, 11

X

Mexico,

, 13,

X

14, 19

X 3, 6, 8,

13

X

X 20

Type

x21
x6, 8, 11

Mexico, 13, 21
X 11

Mexico, 13,

21, 22
X 3, 1 1

Mexico, 21

X 1, 3, 6, 13

X 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11
Mexico, 13, 33

X 1, 3, 6, 13

*See for additional localities.

STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES

51

Table 2. — Slratigraphic distribution of species {Continued)

Species

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene Recent

Calyptraea contorta
Velutina prolongata
Ocenebra interfossa

O. interfossa atropurpurea
O. poulsoni

0. squamulifera
O. tenuisculptus
Trophonopsis triangulatus
Mitrella gouldi
M. tuber osa

Amphissa undata
Anachis penicillata
A. subturrita
A esopus chrysalloideus
A. eiirytoideus
Nassarius insculptus
Calicantharus fortis
Exilioidea rectirostris
Gibberiilina pyriformis

Cystiscus jewettii

C. regularis

C. subtrigona

Admete gracilior

A. modesta

Terebra "philippiana" Dall

[T. simplex Cpr.]
Ophiodermella incisa
Cytharella fusconotata
Mangelia barbarensis (Oldroyd)

M. crebricostata

M. interfossa

"AI." levidensis

M. nitens

M. variegata

Pseudomelatoma moesta

P. tor osa

P. torosa aurantia
Granotoma excurvata
Propebela tabulata
Mitromorpha aspera

M. filosa

Acteon punctocaelatus

Atys casta
Volvulella cylindrica
Coleophysis carinata

Cylichna attonsa

Odostomia callimorpha
Dall and Bartsch
[pumila Cpr.]

X 13

x23

x2

X 10, 23

X 1, 3, 6, 11

x

Mexico, 13,

34

X

x5, 6, 11

Mexico, 13,

a

X Cpr., 1, 6, 13

X

X 24

X Cpr., 1, 6

X

x6, 8

X

x2, 20

x3, 13

X

X 2, 6, 10

x2, 3, 6, 11
Mexico, 15

X

X 1

X

X 1, 2, 3

X
X

X 1

X

X

x2

x6, 13

X

Type X 1, 13,

15

X 1,6, 13, 15

X

X 1, 3, 11

X

Mexico, 13,

15

X 1, 3, 6, 9, il

X

Mexico

x3, 11

X

Mexico

x3

X

x3, 15

X

Type

X 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,

11

X

Mexico

x2

X
X

x3, 6, 11

X

Mexico, 13

x3

X
X
X
X

x6, 13

X 11

X

Mexico, 15

X
X
X

xlS

xll

Mexico

x3, 6, 11

X

Mexico

x3, 6, 11

X

Mexico, 13

x 13

X 2, 3, 6, 13

X

x3, 11

X

Mexico, 13

x2

X

Oregon, 13

52

MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Table 2. — Straligraphic distribution of species (Continued)

Species

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene Recent

O. cincta

0. inflata

0. jewetti Dall and Bartsch

0. tenuisculpta

0. avellana

0. gouldii

0. nuciform is

0. satura

Turbonilla laminatn

T. virgo
T. aurantia
T. chocolata
T. tridentata
T. stylina

Siphonaria thersites
Williamia peltoides
Melampiis olivaceus

Leptockiton internexus

Carpenter in Pilsbry
L. nexus

L. rugatus (Pilsbry)
Cyanoplax hartwegii and

niittalli
C. dentiens (Gould) = [C.

pseudodentiens (Carpenter)]
Nuttalina fiuxa
Clmetopleura beanii
C. gemma "Dall", Pilsbry
C. parallela
C. prasinata
Ischnochiton newcontbi

Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. scabricostatus
I. veredentiens
I. acrior (Pilsbry)
/. conspicuus "(Dall", Pilsbry
/. corrugatus Carpenter in

Pilsbry
/. fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. atireotinctus Carpenter in

Pilsbry
/. cooperi "Dall" Pilsbry
/. radians Carpenter in Pilsbry
/. retiporosus
I . serratus
I. sinudenlatiis Carpenter in

Pilsbry
/. regularis
I. trifidus

Callistochiton decoratus Pilsbry
C. palmulatus Carpenter in

Pilsbry
Mopalia acuta
M. imporcata
M. lignosa (Gould) = M.

montereyensis (Carpenter)

x

X

X

X 2, 3

X
X
X

X 6 (D&B)
x3, 6, 11
Mexico, 13

X
X

X

x6

x8

X 2, 6, 13
x3, 6, 8, 11
Mexico, 13

X
X
X
X
X

x25

X 1, 2, 13
X 1, 6, 11
Mexico, 13

X
X
X

Amphineura

X

X 13

X

x9, 36

X
X

X 36

X

? 36

X 36

X

X

X 36

X
X

X

X 36

X 9, 36, 37

X
X
X

X

x36

X

X

x9, 36

X

X

X

x 36cf.

X
X

x6, 36

X

X

X 36

X
X

X 13, 36

X

x9, 36

X
X

*See for additional Icjcalities.

GENERIC NAMES DESCRIBED BY CARPENTER 53

Table 2. — Stratigraphic distribution of species {Concluded)

Species Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene Recent

M. muscosa kennerleyi x

M. sinuata x 36cf. x

M. swanii x

Dendrochiton gothicus x

Basiliochilon flectens X

Acanthochitona avicula x 36 x

GENERIC NAMES DESCRIBED BY CARPENTER

The following is a list of molluscan generic names of which Carpenter is the
author. Because of the nonuniformity of authorship of manuscript chiton names
which Dall or Pilsbry validated after Carpenter's death (1877) such names are
included. Equivalent, preoccupied, and manuscript names of Carpenter are in
roman. The author who validated them is given. For complete reference of au-
thors not included in the bibliography, see Neave (1939-1940).

Aletcs Carpenter, 1857a, p. 301 (Vermetidae) ; not Aletes Rafinesque, 1815 nomen nudum;

not of Chapuis, 1874, or of Lohmann, 1899
Anmntis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 540, 553, 620, 640, 665; Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 26, 39, 126,

151 (Veneridae)
Ampithalamus Carpenter 1864b, p. 614, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 100, 142 (Rissoidae)
Angasia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 283: = Phaccllozona Pilsbry, 1894a, p. 139 = Cras-

pedochiton Shuttleworth, 1853 (Cryptoplacidae) ; not Angasia Bates, 1864
Anellum Carpenter, 1857a, p. 319 as section; 1859, p. 423 [as section] (Caecidae)
Arthuria Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 284 (fide Pilsbrv. 1892, p. 256) = ? Pallochifon

Dall, 1882, p. 283 (Ischnochitonidae) ; not of Servain, 1891
Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 311; Reprint, 1872, p. 209 (Thraciidae) ; see this report
Beania Carpenter ms. ; Dall, 1882, p. 287 = Beanella Dall, 1882, p. 284 = Middendorfia Car-
penter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 287 (Lepidochitonidae) ; not Beania Johnston, 1840
Bryophila Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314; Reprint, 1872, p. 212 = Philobrya Cooper, 1867, p. 12

CLimopsidae) ; not Bryophila Treitscke, 1825; see this report
Callistochiton Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 297 (Ischnochitonidae) ; see this report
Callistoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall. 1879. p. 297; Dall, 1882, p. 283 (Ischnochitonidae)
Ceratophorus Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 297, Dall. 1882. p. 286 = Cerato-ona Dall, 1882,

p. 283 (Mopaliidae) ; not Ceratophorus Shuckard, 1837; Gistl, 1848; Diesing, 1848
Chonechiton Carpenter ms. in Dall, 1882, p. 280; Lower Carboniferous, Dinantian, Vise,

Belgium
Chitoniscus Carpenter ms., Dall, 1879, p. 299; not of Herrmannsen, 1846, or Stal, 1875, or

Waterhouse, 1876
Choneplax Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 299; Dall, 1882, p. 285 (Cryptoplacidae)
Chorisfes Carpenter in Dawson, 1872, p. 392; monotype C. elegans Carpenter in Dawson,

1872 (Choristidae)
ChrysalUda Carpenter, 1856c, p. 170 (Pyramidellidae) ; see this report
ChithurcHa Carpenter, 1857a, p. 399 (Turridae) ; see this report
Clidiophora Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613. 627. 638; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 113, 124; 1864c. p. 596;

Reprint, 1872, p. 225. Carpenter's first mention of this generic name was in connection

with C. punctata [Conrad], pages 613 and 627, which would make the species a monotype

if page preference is the basis of type species determination. On page 638, 1864b and page

596, 1864c, Carpenter stipulated Pandora clainculata Carpenter, 1855, as type species.

(Pandoridae)
Coelodon Carpenter, 1864c, p. 599 = Frenamya Iredale, 1930 (Pandoridae) ; not Coelodon

Lund, 1838
Cooperella Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 639 C Petricolidae) ; see this report; not Cooperella Gun-

nell. 1933 = Deirolepis Wells, 1944
Cycladella Carpenter, 18651), p. 270 (Montacutidae)
Cymatodus Carpenter ms., Dall, 1882, p. 286 = Lepidopleurus Risso, 1820; not Cynmtodus

Newberry and Worthen, 1870 : not of Trautschold, 1879
Cythnia Carpenter, 1864a, p. 478 (Melanellidae ? or Stiliferidae ?) : see this report

54 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Dawsonia Carpenter ms. =: Middendorfia Dall, 1882, p. 287 (Lepidochitonidae) ; not Daw-

sonia Hartt, 1868; Nicholson. 1873; Fritsch, 1879
Deshayesiella Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 314 (Lepidopleuridae)
Dinoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall. 1882. p. 284 ( Ischnocliitonidae)
Dunkcria Carpenter, 1857a, p. 433 (Pyramidellidae)

Elephantulum Carpenter, 1857a, p. 314 [as section] ; 1859, p. 419 [as section] (Caecidae)
Eucosmia Carpenter, 1864a, p. 475; Reprint, 1872, p. 214 = Eulithidium Pilsbry, 1898, p. 60;

not I:ucos}iua Stephens, 1829 (Turbinidae)
fartulum Carpenter, 1857a, p. 325 [as section] ; 1859, p. 431 [as section] f Caecidae)
Francisia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 284 = Acantlioplcura Guilding, 1829 (Chitonidae) ;

not Franccsia Paladilhe, 1872
Glandinaria Nuttall ms., Carjx^nter 1857a, p. 467 = OUvclJa
Glvphis Carpenter, 1857a, p. 220 = Diodora drav, 1821 (Fissurellidae) ; not of Agassiz,

1843
Guildingia Carpenter ms. = Pilsbry, 1893, p. 312, 329 = Plaxiphora Gray, 1847 (Mopaliidae)
Haplocochlias Carpenter, 1864a, p. 476; 1864b, p. 618 (Trochidae)
Hemphillia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 287 = Pallochiton Dall, 1882, p. 287; see this

report (Ischnochitonidae) ; not IlemphilUa Bland and Binney, 1872
Heniiar thrum Carpenter in Dall, 1876, p. 44 (Lepidopleuridae)
Heterozona Carpenter ms. = Dall. 1879, p. 331 (Ischnochitonidae)
Homalopoma Carpenter, 1864b, p. 587, 588, 627 (Leptonyx Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612. 627, 652

(Turbinidae) ; see this report
Inflatulum Carpenter, 1857a, p. 314 [as section] ; 1859, p. 438 [not genus] in part Meioceras

Carpenter, 1859, p. 438
Ischnoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 330 (Ischnochitonidae)
Ischnoradsia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 331 ; not of Shuttleworth, 1853
Kcnncrlia Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602 (Pandoridae) ; see this report
Lecania Carpenter, 1866c p. 343 = Loftia (Gray) Sowerby, 1833 (Acmaeidae)
Lepidoradsia Carpenter ms. =i Dall, 1879, p. 331 = Ischnoradsia Shuttleworth, 1853 (Ischno-
chitonidae)
Leiosolenus Carpenter, 1857a, p. 130
Leptonyx Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 627, 652 zr Homalopoma Carpenter, 1864b, p. 507. 588,

627; not Leptonyx Swainson, 1833 or 1837; Gray, 1837; Lesson, 1842; Hitchcock, 1865;

see this report
Leptoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 283 = Notoplax H. Adams, 1861 (Cryptoplacidae)
Lepidopleurus Carpenter ms., Dall, 1879, p. 332; not of Risso, 1826, or Claparede, 1868, or

Duncan and Sladen, 1885
"Lutricola Cpr." in Salisbury, 1934, p. 76 is a nomcn nudum. The "L. alba" Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 639, No. 58 is typographical error for L. alta Conrad.
Loricites Carpenter ms. in Dall, 1882, p. 281 ; Lower Carboniferous Dinantian, Vise, Belgium
Macrandrellus Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 284 = Notoplax H. Adams, 1861 (Cryptopla-
cidae)
Macrophragma Carpenter, 18S7a, p. 308 (Vermetidae)
Maugerella Dall (Carpenter ms.), 1879c, p. 296 = Stcnoplax Dall, 1879; see Ischnochiton

conspicuus
Meioceras Carpenter, 1859, p. 438 (Caecidae)
Middendorfia Carpenter ms., Dall, 1882, p. 287; see Dazvsonia
Miodon Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 627, 642, 682 = Miodontiscus Dall, 1903, p. 14; not Miodon

Dumeril, 1859 (Carditidae) : see this report
Mitromorpha Adams in Carpenter. 1865 (Turridae) ; sec this report
Netastoma Carpenter, 1864a, p. 529. 540, 605, 635. 637. 684; Reprint, 1872, p. 15, 26. 91, 121,

123. 170: not Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 ( Pholadidae)
Nettastomella Cari)cnter, 1865a, p. 202; Reprint, 1872, p. 250 = Netastoma Carpenter, 1864

(Pholadidae) ; not Nettastomella Facciola. 1914
Newcombia Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, p. 290 = Ceratozona Dall, 1879, p. 297; 1882, p.

283 (Mopaliidae) ; not Neivcomhia Pfeififer, 1854
Nuttallina Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1871. p. 134 (Lepidochitonidae) ; see this report
Oedalia Carpenter, 1864b. p. 611 = Coopcrella, 1864b, p. 611; not Oedalia Meigen. 1820

(Petricolidae) ; see this report
Oedalina Carpenter, 1865b, p. 208 = Cooper ella Carpenter, 1864 (Petricolidae) ; see this

report
Placiphora Carpenter, ms., Dall, 1879, p. 298; error for Plaxiphora Gray, 1847 (Mopaliidae)
Placipliorella Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 298, 303, 306 (Mopaliidae") ; see this report
Plectodon Carpenter, 1864b, p. 638 (Cuspidariidae) ; not Plcctodon Giglioli, 1873; see this

report
Pleurotemaria Carpenter, 1861, p. 218 corrected in separate misspelling of Pleurotomaria J.

Sowerby, 1821 ; see Cox, 1955, p. 24

TYPE SPFXIES DESCRIBED BY CARPEXTER

55

Polyspirella Carpenter in Gould, 1861a, p. 407 = Ciiigulina A. Adams, I860 in part fide Dall

and Bartsch, 1909 (Pvramidellidae)
i'ristiphora Carpenter, 1866, p. 210 = Scrridciis Dall, 1899; not Pristiphora Latreille, 1810

(Erycinidae) ; see this report
Pristes Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 643 = Pristiphora Carpenter, 1866, p. 210; not Pristis Linck,

1790, not Brulle, 1846, nor Redtenbacher, 1895 (Erycinidae)
Probolaaim Carpenter ms. in Dall, 1882, p. 281, 283; Devonian of Vilmar (Dall)
Psephis Carpenter, 1864, p. 640 = Pscphidi-d Dall, 1902, p. 243; not Psephis Guenee, 1854 nor

Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875 (Erycinidae) ; see this report
Ptcrochiton Carpenter ms. in Dall, 1882, p. 281, 283; Lower Carboniferous, Dinaiitian, Vise,

Belgium
Sclerochiton Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 284, no type = Pilsbry, 1892, p. 188 = Sqnamo-

pleura Nierstrasz, 1905; not Sclerochiton Kraatz, 1859
Spongiochiton Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 283 = Notoplax H. Adams, 1862 (Cryptopla-

cidae)
Stenoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879c, p. 296 (Ischnochitonidae) ; see this report
Stectoplax Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 284

Stenoradsia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879, p. 296 = Stenoplax Dall, 1879 (Ischnochitonidae)
Stereochiton Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882, p. 286 = Trachyradsia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879

( Lepidochitonidae)
Sti>npso>iiella. Carpenter, 1873, p. 155 = Amicula Gray, 1847 (Mopalliidae)
Strebloccras Carpenter, 1859, p. 440 (Caecidae)

Streplochiton Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1882 = Frembleya H. Adams, 1867 (Alopaliidae)
Tecturella Carpenter, 1860, p. 3 = Lottia (Gray), Sowerby, 1833 (Acmaeidae) ; see Lecania

Carpenter, 1866, p. 343
Tccturina Carpenter, 1860d, p. 219; 1861, p. 71 [separate]
Tonicella Carpenter, 1873, p. 154 (Leptochitonidae)

Trachydermon Carpenter, 1864, Basiliochiton Berry, 1918; see this report (Mopaliidae)
Trachyradsia Carpenter ms. = Dall, 1879a, p. 1
Tuberia Carpenter, 1857a, p. 365
\'itrinula Gray in Carpenter, 1857, p. 237 = Vitrinella Gray, 1855, p. 65, not C. B. Adams,

1850 = Otesia H. and A. Adams, 1858, p. 642 (Limacidae) ; see Pilsbry, 1945, p. 67

TYPE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY CARPENTER

The following list may not be complete.

Type Species

Genus or Subgenus

Family

A. inclusus
Scalar ia bellisfriata
A. znllosior
D. paucilirata

Diuikcria snbangidata

Amphithalanius Carpenter, 1864 Rissoidae

Asperiscala de Boury, 1909 Epitoniidae

Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864 Thraciidae

Dunkeria Carpenter, 1857 Pyramidellidae

(= Pyrisciihis Monterosato, 1884)
Bartschella Iredale, 1916 Pyramidellidae

(= Dunkeria Dall and Bartsch,
1909)

Chrysallida convexa

B. setosa

Tapes tenerrima

C. elegans

C. cidaris (A. Adams in Car-
penter)

C. claviculata

Saxidomus gibbosus Gabb

= Compsomyax suhdiaphana
(Carpenter)

Besla Dall and Bartsch, 1904 Pyramidellidae

Bryophila Carpenter, 1864 Limopsidae
= Philobrya Carpenter, 1864

Callithaca Dall, 1902 \>neridae
C lioristes Carpenter i)i Dawson.

1872 Choristidae

Cidarina Dall, 1909 Trochidae

Clidiophora Carpenter, 1864 Pandoridae

Compsomyax Stewart, 1930 Veneridae

56

MARINE MOLLT'SCA DESCRIBED P.Y P. P. CARPENTER

CoopercUa subdiapliana
Chiton liartwegii
Vohitclla pyriformis

C. asteriaphila
Caecum heptagonum
[hexagomim sic correction,

Bartsch, 1947, p. 104]
Parthenia lacunata
E. variegata Carpenter typica

Dall
Chrysallida photis
H. cyclophoreus
II. setulosum Carpenter in Dall

Lucina richtlwfeni Gabb

= L. e.Ycavata Carpenter, 1857

Parthenia armata

K. filosa

Drillia ehurnea

Siphonaria thersitcs

Margarites liruJatns

? ?Chrysallida clausilijonnis

M. nitidum Bean ms. Carpenter

= M. nitidunt (Stimpson)

Caecum crel>ririn rtinn
M. filosa

M. prolongata

Petaloconchus macrophragma
Lucina tenuisculpta
P. setosa

P. ohlonga

Drillia pcnicillata
Dentalium reclius
Acteon punctocaelatus
Chiton regularis
Prisliphora ohlonga
Trachydcrmon trifidus

Cooper ella Carpenter, 1864 (not

Cooperella Gunnell, 1933)
Cyanoplax Pilsbry, 1892
(= Mopaliopsis Thiele, 1893)
Cypraeolina Cerulli-Irelli, 1911 =
Merovia Dall, 1921 = Gibheru-
lina Monterosato, 1884
Cythnia Carpenter, 1864
Elephantanellum Bartsch, 1921

Egila Dall and Bartsch, 1904
Eucosmia Carpenter, 1864
= EuUthidiiim Pilsbry, 1898
Haldra Dall and Bartsch, 1904
Haplocochlias Carpenter, 1864
Hemiarthrum Carpenter in Dall,
1876

Here Gabb, 1866

Ividia Dall and Bartsch, 1904 =

Miralda A. Adams, 1864
Kennerlia Carpenter, 1864
Laevitectum Dall, 1919
Liriola Dall, 1871
Lirularia Dall, 1909
Lysacmc Dall and Bartsch, 1004
Meioceras Carpenter, 1859

Merovia Dall. See Cypraeolina
Micranellnm Bartsch, 1920
Mitromorpha Adams in Carpenter,

1865
Miodon Carpenter, 1864
= Miodontiscus Dall, 1903
Macrophragma Carpenter, 1857
Parvilucina Dall, 1901
Philohrya Cooper, 1867
(= Bryophila Carpenter, 1864)
Pristiphora Carpenter, 1866
= Serridens, Dall, 1899
Pseudomelatoma Dall, 1918
Rhabdiis Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897
Ricta.vis Dall, 1871
Rhombochiton Berry, 1919
Serridens Dall, 1899
Tripopla.v Berry, 1919

Petricolidae

Lepidochitonidae

Marginellidae

Melanellidae
Caecidae

Pyramidellidae
Turbinidae

Pyramidellidae

Trochidae

Lepidopleuridae

Lucinidae
Pyramidellidae

Pandoridae

Turridae

Siphonariidae

Trochidae

Pyramidellidae

Caecidae

Caecidae
Turridae

Carditidae

Vermetidae

Lucinidae

Limopsidae

Erycinidae

Turridae

Dentaliidae

Acteonidae

Ischnochitonidae

i'".rycinidae

Ischnochitonidae

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

EXPLANATORY REMARKS

Mrs. Ida Oldroyd's four-part manual (1924-1927) Marine Shells of the West
Coast of North America has furnished and will continue to be a comprehensive
universal reference for West Coast workers. Original descriptions of the majority
of Carpenter's species are included in that text, and such quotations are not re-
peated in this report. On comparing the quoted descriptions in Oldroyd with the
originals one finds that the last remarks including the localities of the original
descriptions are omitted in nearly every case. Since the original locality and final
remarks are in many cases the crux in deciding debatable questions that portion
of the remarks must be included in original data. Attention is called to such omis-
sions and quotation of the same herein. Opinion 52, International Rules of Zoo-
logical Nomenclature stipulates :

"The citation of the type locaHty of a species is not sufficient to establish a name under Article
25a of the Code. If specific characters are given in addition to the type locality, the type local-
ity becomes a part of the description and is to be considered as an important element in de-
termining the identity of species."

To anyone who has followed Mrs. Oldroyd's text and that of Dall (1921) it
becomes apparent that she followed Dall in details of reference, authors, and re-
marks. Where typographical errors, omissions, and errors of fact are in Dall, they
are repeated in Oldroyd. In a large number of the copies in Oldroyd of the Car-
penter original descriptions, typographical mistakes are numerous. Such correc-
tions are inserted in the text of the discussions of the species in this paper. This
has not been done in a spirit of criticism but only so that time and labor may be
saved for others who do not have access to the original articles of Carpenter.
Even the 1872 Reprint by the Smithsonian Institution of many of Carpenter's
papers is out of print and unobtainable by most people.

^Measurements in Carpenter's text are referred to as poll, (pollex = thumb)
or without such designation. In the Preface to the Mazatlan Catalogue, the ex-
planation states that, "all measurements of length are given in inches and decimal
portions." Where "poll." is not inserted in his data, the writer assumed the meas-
urements to be in inches and used 25.4 mm. to an inch to convert the measure-
ments into modern usage. In the article on the new species from California
(1865g, p. 133, footnote) Carpenter defined pollex as 2.53 cm. Hertlein and
Strong noted (1946, p. 76) that Dr. Teng-Chien Yen investigated the length of
pollex while at the British Museum and stated the measurement to be approxi-
mately 2 cm. Since the writer used Carpenter's measurements it would seem that
one would arrive nearer his results by using his definition of pollex. The differ-
ences are slight between the three figures for the type of measurements involved.

In the Mazatlan Catalogue, Carpenter (1857, p. Ill) defined measurements
for the bivalves as : "long, from the umbo to the middle of the ventral margin ;
lot. from the anterior to the posterior ends ; alt. the thickness of the closed
valves." But in his later papers (1864a, p. 311, footnote) he changed this defini-

57

58 MARINE MOLLTTSCA nESCRIP.KD BY P. P. CARPENTER

tion in regard to "long": "Tlic measures of length [long.] are taken from the
anterior to the posterior margins." Unless one notes the difference of definition
in these two specifications it is confusing when trying to reconcile the two systems
of measurements used by Carpenter.

There appears to be a difference of opinion concerning the procedure to be
used when renaming a preoccupied scientific name as to the type of the new name.
Dall, and he has been followed by some modern workers, when applying a new
name under the above circumstances frequently chose a new type for the species.
If the new name is definitely supplied for an old one, as such, it would seem more
logical and less confusing to the interpretation of the species if the type of the
original name is retained. In this view the writer agrees with Strong (1928b, p.
197, footnote) that the type of Eucosmia variegata Carpenter when renamed by
Dall remained the type established by Carpenter and not a new one designated by
Dall. Strong, however, reversed his method when substituting with Hertlein
(Strong and Hertlein, 1945, p. 105) a new name for the preoccupied Lucina un-
data Carpenter (not of Lamarck, 1819). Those authors chose a new shell from
modern collections as the type of the new name. In this case there might be an
exception because the original locality was not definite. However, the writer be-
lieves that the first endeavor would be to try to locate the original specimen in the
Cuming Collection upon which the diagnosis of Carpenter's species was said to
have been written (Carpenter, 1865d, p. 279; 1872, p. 272), In this matter of re-
taining the original type for the new name, tlie writer concurs with Dr. Fritz
Haas (Personal communication, March 2, 1945).

If new types are selected (see case of Tellina biittoni Dall) possibly the subse-
quent autlior might not have the same species. In that case the new name would
represent a new species, and the preoccupied name would still be unnamed. If
the type of the preoccupied name is still in existence, it would seem better to re-
tain the original type. If the original type were lost the same procedure would be
followed as in the case of choosing any neotype — i.e., designating a topotypic shell
if possible (see also the case of Tellina hiittoni Dall). Therefore, in this paper,
where the original type of a renamed species is in existence the original is retained
as the type and any later type designation disregarded.

The designation and use of neotypes have been customary in molluscan
studies. During the course of study of this monograph the term was provisionally
used in a few cases. Neotypes should be designated in those cases where it is
known now that the original types have been lost. However, because of the con-
ditions provided in the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, 1953, it is not feasible
to propose neotypes in this paper which is ready for the press. According to the
decisions (Copenhagen, 1953, p. 30, 31) the designation of a neotype must be
published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, and its status is not legal-
ized until it remains unchallenged for a period of "5" years. Consequently, neo-
types should be designated and publicized during the preparation of a paper and
not in a finished report. Suggestions have been made herein as to specimens
which would qualify as neotypes.

The following institutions have boon contacted, and examinations of the speci-

EXPLANATORY REMARK 59

mens have been made by the writer or inquiries have been answered by persons
in authority. Where the notation in regard to the depository of type in the text
of this report is given as "Not found, "such a statement means that it is not known
in any of these institutions. These organizations are those which were possible
sources of Carpenter material.

Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelpliia

American Museum of Natural History

Boston Society of Natural History

British Museum (Natural History)

California Academy of Sciences

Chicago Academy of Sciences

Chicago Museum of Natural History

Cornell University

Museum of Comparative Zoology

New York State Museum

Redpath Museum, McGill University

Stanford University

United States National INIuseum

University of California

Warrington Free IMuseum (Municipal Museum)

To reduce the printing of oft repeated references the following are written in
the svnonymy of species with author, date, page, and, if any, plate, only. The
complete reference for each author is given in the bibliography.

Abbott, 1954

Arnold, 1903

Burch, 1942-1951. Referred by No.

Carpenter, 1864b

Carpenter, Reprint, 1872

Dall, 1921

Grant and Gale, 1931

Keen, 1937

Oldroyd. 1924b ; 1927

Unless for some special reason the tvpes which Iiave been figured previously
are not reillustrated herein. This would apply mainly to the pyramidellid, me-
lanellid, turrid, and species of Biftiinn figured by Dall and/or Bartsch.

The locality of the type is given in the text and rarely repeated in the explana-
tion of the plates ; the measurements of the types are included in the figure ex-
planatory data and infrequently duplicated in the text.

Carpenter used a form of shorthand (Rich, 1764) in his labels and notes
which was utilized by English Presbyterian ministers (1860-1870 ca.). The chi-
ton manuscript which remained unfinished at Carpenter's death was replete with
the shorthand notations, much to Ball's regret. Fortunately, R. D. Darbishire in
England deciphered the script, which allowed a better understanding of the thesis
by Dall and Pilsbry than would otherwise have been possible.

60 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Carpenter's own collection and notes wiiich he made are in many cases accom-
panied by his monogram. In the case of the mounted specimens, the monogram is
placed in the upper right-hand corner. A copy of the form is inserted on the
frontispiece of this paper.

Under the distribution of species, the age of the distribution is understood to
be Recent if it is not specified. Reference at end of paragraph is inserted for a
pertinent illustration of that species.

Phylum MOLLUSCA

Class PELECYPODA

Family Solemyidae (Solemyacidae)

Genus Solemya Lamarck, 1818

Solemya Lamarck, 1818, Hist. Nat. An. s. Vert, vol. V, p. 488

Type .<;pecies by subsequent designation, Children, 1823, Lamarck's Gen. Shells, vol. 14,
p. 300; Reprint, Kennard, Salisbury and Woodward, 1931, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 82,
no. 17, p. 7, Solcnomya [Solemya] mediterranea (Lamarck), 1818, Hist. Nat. An. s.
Vert., p. 489 = Tellina togata Poli, 1795, Test. ut. Sicil., II, p. 42, pi. 15, fig. 20 = Alyti-
lus solcn von Salis Marschlins, 1793. Reise Koen., p. 405, fide Bucquoy, Dautzenberg,
AND DoLLFUs, 1898, Moll. Marins du Roussilon, vol. 2, p. 718; fide Dall, 1908, Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard, Bull., vol. 43, no. 6, p. 361. Recent. Mediterranean, Adriatic, and
Atlantic Ocean at Madiera and Senegal. Crouch, 1826, Illus. Intro. Lamarck's Conch.,
pi. 4, figs. 8a, 8b interior ; Bucquoy. Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1898, Moll. Marins du
Roussillon, vol. 2, pi. XCII, figs. 8-10

Subgenus Petrasma Dall, 1908

Pctrasma Dall, 1908, Nautilus, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 2

Type species bv original designation. Solemya horealis Totten, 1834. Amer. Jour. Sci.,
ser. 2, vol. 26, p. 366, fig. 1, h, i. Living. Nova Scotia to Connecticut. Gould. 1870. Inver-
tebrata of Massachusetts, 2d ed., p. 50, fig. 272; Morse, 1913, Biol. Bull., vol. XXV, p.
279, fig. 20; Smith, 1937, East Coast Shells, p. 25, fig. 29a

Solemya (Petrasma) valvulus Carpenter

Solemya valvulus Carpenter, 1864, April. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 311;

Reprint, 1872. p. 210; 1864b, Aug., p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104
Solemya (Pctrasm-a) vakndus (Carpenter), Dall, 1908, Nautilus, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 2; 1908,

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. XLIII, no. 6, p. 364; Lamy, 1909, Jour, de Conchyl.,

vol. LVII. no. 3, p. 208; Dall, 1921, p. 9; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 11, pi. 40, fig. 10; Keen,

1937, p. 25; Hertlein and Strong, 1940, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc., vol. XXV, pt.

4, p. 378; Burch, 1944, no. ZZ, p. 7; 1945, no. 45, p. 3; Vokes, 1955, Jour. Paleont., vol.

29, no. 3, p.536

A copy of the original description with translation was republished by Oldroyd (1924, p.
11). The following corrections should be inserted in Oldroyd's copy: line 6, insert "postice
elongate" between "ligamento" and "antice" ; read "cicatricibus" for "cicatricubus" ; add
"Long. .85, lat. .25, alt. .14 poll."

The synonymy and discussion of the species is not intended to be complete.

Holotype. — Not found. The type is not in the U. S. National Museum as reported by
Oldroyd.

Distribution.— Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Punta
Penasco, Sonora, Mexico (Hertlein and Strong)

Family Nuculidae
Genus Nucula Lamarck, 1799

Nuctda Lamarck, 1799, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 87

Type species by monotypy, Area nucleus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 695. Neo-

type^ of A', nucleus designated by Schenck, 1935, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc., vol. 21,

pt. IV, p. 260, fig. 1. Recent. Europe.

sNeotype designated prior to the official recognition of "neotype" by the 14th Inter. Con-
gress of Zoology (Copenhagen, 1953) may be validated by conforming to the provisions for
establishing neotypes as formulated by that congress. (See Copenhagen decisions on Zool.
Nomen.. 1953, p. 28-32.)

PELECvronA 61

Nucula exiqua Sowerby
(PI. 1, figs. 6, 7)

Nucula exiqua Sowerby, 1833, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1832, pt. 2, p. 198; Grant and Gale.
1931, p. Ill in part; Schenck, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 36, pi. 6, figs. 1-8,
11 figures of types ;Hertlein and Strong, 1940, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc., vol.
XXV, pt. 4, p. 381 for synonymy, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5

Nucula suprastriata Carpenter, ms. type U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 23247 nnmcn nudum; Red-
path Museum, no. 15373

Not Nucula suprastriata Arnold, 1903, p. 96, pi. XVIII, fig. 6

Nucula exiqua suprastriata Arnold, Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,
Prof. Paper 207, p. 78 in part

As Grant and Gale (1931) and Schenck (1939) determined, Arnold (1903) must be
credited with the name Nucula suprastriata and not Carpenter. The Pleistocene specimen
figured by Arnold is the holotype (lost) of that species.

There is a manuscript type, no. 23247 in the U. S. Nat. Museum, of N. suprastriata con-
sisting of two specimens labelled, "Catalina 30 fms. Cooper." The shells are opposite valves
with the margins broken. The smaller and more complete of the two is figured herein. The
photo shows the amount of reticulation in the sculpture. On the larger fragment the reticula-
tion is stronger near the margin. The specimen figured falls within the measurements of
A'', exiqua Sowerby as enumerated by Schenck, but the length of the second type would reach
at least 6 mm. There are in the Redpath Aluseum 6 specimens (including both valves), no.
15373, labelled "Nucula suprastriata Catalina Is. 30 fm. Cooper type," in Carpenter's hand-
writing.

The name of Carpenter has no nomenclatural status, and as suggested by .Schenck the
Recent specimens of Carpenter probably belong to A'^. exiqua Sowerby.^

Schenck limited N. suprastriata Arnold to the Pleistocene forms. Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew suggested that the California Recent and Pleistocene shells be separated from the
living southern N. exiqua as a subspecies.

The figures and notes of the original specimens of "N. suprastriata Carpenter, ms." are
included, because the name has been brought into literature by authors with conjecture as to
its proper identity.

Family Nuculanidae (Ledidae)

Genus Nuculana Link, 1807

(Leda Schumacher, 1817)

Nuculana 1.JNK, 1807, Beschreib. Nat.-Samml. Univ. Rostock, p. 155

Type species by monotypy, N. rostrata (Gmelin), 1791, Systenia Naturae, 13th ed., p. 3308;

referred also to Chemnitz, lo 1784, Neues Syst. Conchyl.-Cab., Bd. 7, p. 206, tab. 55, figs.

550, 551 = Area pernula Muller, 1779, Beschaft. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, v. 4, p. 57.

Recent. Circumpolar. Reeve, 1871, Conch. Icon., Laeda, vol. 18, pi. 2, fig. 5a-c; Sars, 1878,

pi. 5, figs. 1 a-d exterior and interior

Subgenus Thestyleda Iredale, 1929

Thestyleda Iredale, 1929, Rec. Australian Mus., vol. 17, no. 4, p. 158, 187

Type species by original designation, Leda ratnsayi E. A. Smith, 1885, Challenger Rept.,

Zool., vol. XIII, p. 241, pi. XX, figs. 3-3a. Recent. Off Sydney, New South Wales, 950

fathoms

Nuculana (Thestyleda) hamata (Carpenter)
(PI. 2, figs. 4-6)

Leda hamata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 644; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 130; 1866, Feb., California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 210; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

^Type locality, "Bay of Caraccas," [Ecuador]. Carpenter, (1857b, p. 168), located the
Bay of Caraccas in Ecuador, at .5°S. It is not to be confused with Caracas, Venezuela, or
Curagao. The original notes of Sowerby stated, "Hab. ad Columbiam Occidentalem (Bay of
Caraccas)." See also synonymy, Hertlein and Strong, 1940, p. 381.

^''Chemnitz did not use rostrata in a binomial sense but referred to species as "Area Mar-
tini rostrata, . . ." which does not allow Chemnitz authorship of the species Area rostrata.
See also Opinion 184, Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., vol. 3, pt. 3, 1944.

62 MARINE MOLLTTSCA DESCRIBED BY P, P. CARPENTER

p. 12; SowEiiBY, 1871, Conch. Icon., Laeda, vol. 18, species 56, pi. 9, fig. 56 exterior ; Dall,
1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 24, p. 558, pi. XL, fig. 9 exterior; Arnold, 1903, p. 97,
pi. 17, fig. 4; Packard, 1918, Univ. California, Pub. Zool., vol. 14, p. 247, pi. 14, fig. 5
exterior; Dall, 1921, p. 11; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 7,
pi. 25, fig. 4 copy Dall ; 1924b, p. 23, pi. 6, fig. 4 copy Dall, pi. Z7, fig. 5 exterior

Nuciilana hamata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 125, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15 exterior;
Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 43, 44, fig. 18 copy Dall; Keen, 1937, p. 22

Nucnlana (Thcstyleda) hamata (Carpenter), Hertlein and Strong, 1940, Zoologica, New
York, Zool. Soc., vol. XXV, pt. 4, p. 400, pi. II, fig. 14 exterior; Burch, 1944, no. 33, p.
11; 1945, no. 45, p. 4; Abbott, 1954, p. 339, fig. 26d

"Santa Barbara ; Cat. Is., 20-60 fms. ; common."- [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612]

"Like Steenstrupi and permdoides, but very hooked, sculpture strong. 20-60 fm. c. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 644]

"L.t. "L. caudatae simili, sed valde hamata ; planata, valde inaequilaterali ; umbonibus
angustioribus, laevibus, ad trientem sitis ; niargiiiilnis, dors. post, niaxime incurvato, ant.
parum, veritr. valde excurvatis ; parte postica valde rostrata, rostro biangulato, curvato, an-
gustiore, biangulata; sulcis et costis valdis, concentricis, supra rostrum rontinuis, dorsum ver-
sus postice obsoletis.

"Long. 0.37, lat. 0.10, alt. 0.10.

"State Collection, No. 984." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 210]

The type material is in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. 107420, and consists of specimens
in two vials. One vial contains two valves loose and two broken opposite valves. They have
a label "Cp 984" which is the original "State Collection" number. The entire valves measure
9 mm., length; 5 mm., height; 1 mm., thickness (one valve) which corresponds fairly closely
to Carpenter's measurements; 9.39 mm., long.; [lat. 0.10]"; 2.5 mm., t. (both valves), and
also to the length indicated by Dall. The other vial in the same suite contains a double speci-
men with the label "type fig'd." The specimens measure 10 mm., length; 5 mm., height; 2j^
mm., thickness (both valves). The label suggests that it was the specimen figured by Dall,
but the measurement given by Dall is closer to that of the other specimen (Cp. 984).

According to the U. S. National Museum Catalogue, No. 107420 should include only one
specimen. This suggests that the original specimen is the broken shell aiid that the complete
specimens were added later, ix)ssibly by Dall who figured one. The specimen (pi. 2, fig. 6)
is, therefore, chosen as the lectotype.

Although the exterior of the shells of this species has been frequently illustrated, the in-
terior has not been figured heretofore. Dall (1916a, p. 397) named a subspecies limata off
Santa Rosa, California.

Lectotype.— {J. S. National Museum, No. 107420 ["Cp. 984"]

Distribution.— Recent. Catalina Island, California 20-60 fathoms (type) ; Santa Barbara,
California; off Farallon Islands, 39-815 fathoms (Packard); off San Juan, Washington,
25-35 fathoms (Oldroyd) ; east of Cedros Island, Mexico, 45 fathoms (Hertlein and Strong).
Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1924). Pliocene. California (Arnold)

Family Arcidae
Genus Barbatia Gray, 1842

Barbatia Gray, 1842, Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, ed. 44, p. 81 ; 1847,
Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 197

Type species by subsequent designation. Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 197, Area
barbata Linnaeus, 1758, p. 693. Recent. Mediterranean. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and
Dollfus, 1891, Moll. Marins du Roussillon, t. 2, fasc 18, pi. 32 figs. 1-5; Rein hart, 1935,
Bull. Musee roy. d'Hist. Nat. Belgique, t. XI, no. 13, p. 20, pi. 1, figs, b, b'

Barbatia pernoides (Carpenter)
(PI. 1, figs. 4, 5)

Area pernoides Carpenter, 1856, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 283, 310, 351
Byssoarca pernoides Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 202; Car-

PENTKR, 1860, Smith. Misc Coll., v. 2, art. 6, checklist no. 1, p. 2; Reinhart, 1943, Geol.

Soc Amcr., Sp. Paper 47, p. 35, 36

"Appears to be an error here, for the height of the shell would not equal the thickness as
indicated by Carpenter.

PELECYPODA 63

Barbatia pcrnoides (Carpenter), 1864b, p. 616; Reprint, 1872, p. 102 error original label;

Maury, 1922, Paleont. Amer., vol. I, no. 4, p. 40
Acar pernoides (Carpenter), Stroxg, 1932, Nautilus, vol. XLVI, no. 1, p. 28 in part
Not Barbartia {Acar) pernoides (Carpenter), Reixhart, 1939, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.,

Trans., vol. IX, no. 10, p. 42, pi. 3. fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d = A. bailyi Bartsch, 1931, U. S.

Nat. Mus.,vol.80,no.2909,p. 2, pi. 1, 5 central figures
Barbatia ? pernoides (Carpenter), Reinhart, 1943, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper 47, p. 82.
Area (Acar) pcrnoides Carpenter, Burch, 1944, no. 34, p. 6, in part, not fig.
Not Area pernoides Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no 45, p. 5 := ^. bailyi Bartsch; Burch,

1947, no. 75, p. 6

"1 valve. 'Lieut. Webb.'" [Carpenter, 1857b, p. 283]

"B. t. subquadrata, planata, albida, epidermide spongiosa fusca induta ; striis exilibus,
radiantibus, confertissimis ; minutissime tuberculosis; umbonibus obtusis, antice sitis, area
parva; intus linea dentium niaxinie arcuata, dentibus extremis validis. interioribus parvis,
confertis, quadratis ; cicatr. muse, rotundatis, iwlitis ; pagina interna, intra lineam pallii, radia-
tim striata ; margine simplici ; ligamento fossis quadratis minutis confertis, baud dentibus
convenientibus, sito, aream quoque tegente.

"Long. .68, lat. .53, alt. .32.

"Hab. San Diego (Dr. Webb). Valv. unic. in Mus. Gould.

"Somewhat resemlDling the fine variety of B. solida, but squarer, and known at once by
the teeth and ligament. This is (under the glass) in minute pits, as in Isot/nomon, but with
an extra layer covering the whole area." [Gould and Carpenter, 1856c, p. 202]

The critical reference in regard to this form is that of Carpenter (1864b, p. 616), in
which he noted that the specimen, as well as that of 13 other names, had never been collected
by Dr. Cooper or by members of the California Survey. In regard to B. pcrnoides Carpenter
added that it was "ver}^ probably an error in Dr. Gould's label." In a letter from J. G.
Cooper to Carpenter dated March 14, 1864^2 Cooper included a list of molluscan species
which did not occur on the California coast. "Byssoarca pcrnoides" was one of them.

This shell is undoubtedly extraneous, and Carpenter was right in assigning the label of
"San Diego" as an error.

There is a right valve in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum which has the
label "Barbatia ? pernoides Cpr. PZS 1856, p. 202 ? Panama."

The shells measure 17 mm. length, 12 mm. height, and 5 mm. thickness. Carpenter's
measurements of the holotype would be 17.2 mm. length, 13.4 mm. width, and 8.3 mm. thick-
ness.^^ With the exception of the thickness the shell measures practically the same. It could
well be the shell Carpenter described. In lieu of any authentic specimen this individual could
serve as a neotype. A specimen labelled as type has not been found. The above-mentioned
specimen is illustrated herein. This is not the A. pernoides illustrated by Burch nor speci-
mens which the writer has obtained from collectors labelled "A. pernoides Strong." Those
shells are much smaller and are different generically. They are the Acar bailyi Bartsch.

B. pcrnoides belongs more to the subgenus Oliquarca Sacco, 1898, by the arrangement of
the ligamental area than it does to Barbatia, s.s. (Reinhart, 1935, p. 24, pi. II, figs. d,d').

Holotype. — not found

Specimen figured. — Redpath Museum

Distribution. — Correct locality unknown; not "San Diego;" ? Panama (Carpenter)

Family Glycymeridae
Genus Glycymeris da Costa, 1778

Glycymcris da Costa. 1778, Historia Naturalis Testacerorum Britanniae, p. 168-170

Type species by tautonymy. Area glycymcris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 695 ;
LixxAEUES, 1767, Syst. Nat., p. 1143, no. 181. Recent. English Coasts. Reeve, 1843,
Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, vol. 1, pi. Ill, figs. 12a-b

Glycymeris subobsoleta (Carpenter)

(PI. 1, figs. 8-10)

Axincica (? septentrionalis, Middl. var.) subobsoleta Carpenter, 1864b Aug., p. 627, 644;

^-In collection of Carpenteria. Redpath Museum, McGill University.

i^See introduction to systematic descriptions. Carpenter's measurements would be multi-
plied by 25.3 mm. or 25.4 mm.

64 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 130; 1864d, Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV,
p. 425; Reprint, 1872, p. 237; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 11

Glycymcris subobsolcta (Carpenter), P.-\ckard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zoology, vol. 14,
p. 250, original Latin description translated; D.\ix, 1921, p. 15; Oldroyd, 1924, Univ.
Washington, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 14 translation; 1924b, p. 42, in
part, not pi. 40, figs. 8, 9, original description and translation ; Keen, 1937, p. 21 ; Willett,
(1943) 1944, Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. XLII, pt. 3, p. 108, 111, pi. 12, figs. 1-3;
BuRCH, 1944, no. 34, p. 4; Burch, 1945, no. 45, p. 5; Burch, 1946, no. 59, pi. XIII, f^g.
41

Glycymcris scptentrionalis (MiddendorfT) variety subobsolcta (Carpenter), Grant and
Gale, 1931, p. 134 in part

"Sculpture much fainter than in Midd.'s fig." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 644]
A copy of the original description is in Oldroyd (1924b) with a translation in Packard

(1921) u'hich was reprinted in Oldroyd (1924; 1924b, vol. I). The following original lines

should be added to those printed by Oldroyd to make tlie copy complete :

"Hah. Neeah Bay (Szvan) ; Shoalwater Bay (Cooper).

"Middendorff's shell is figured with much stronger ribs, but may have been described from
decorticated specimens." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 237]

Correct line seven to read : "validis" for "validid"

Even allowing for variation, the specimens illustrated by Oldroyd seem to have several
points of difference with the types. In review of this species the Oldroyd shell would bear
critical examination.

Willett (1944, p. Ill) diagnosed a change in the shell of the species of southern California.

The syntypes consist of two specimens labelled "Cotypes Neeah Bay, W. T., J. G.
Swan."

Synfyf>es.-~\J. S. National Museum, No. 15594, two specimens

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to
Lower California (Burch, 1945). Pleistocene. Southern California (Grant and Gale, 1931).

Family Limopsidae
Genus Huxleyia A. Adams, 1860
Huxleyia A. Adams, 1860, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 3, vol. 5, p. 303

Not preoccupied by Huxlcya^'* Dyster, 1858, or of Ci-aparede and Lachmann, 1858
(for references see Neave, 1939-1940). Cyrilla A. Adams, 1860, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
3, vol. 5, p. 478 was a substitute name for Huxleyia given by Adams who thought Hux-
leyia was preoccupied by Huxleya. H. viunita (Carpenter), herein discussed, has been
known as Cyrilla miinita.

Type species by monotypy, Huxleyia sulcata A. Adams, 1860, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
3, vol. 5, p. 303. Recent. Straits of Korea. A. Adams, 1868, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XVI,
p. 42, pi. IV, fig.

Huxleyia munita (Dall)

(PI. 1, f^gs. 1-3)

Plcurodon (Cyrilla') munita Carpenter, Dai.l, 1898, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadcljjhia,
Trans., vol." Ill, pt. IV, p. 599, 602; Dall, 1921, p. 14; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 36 munitum

Nucidina munita (Carpenter, Dall), Lamy, 1912, Bull. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. nat., vol. 18, no. 7,
p. 430, 431

Nucula petriola Dall, 1916, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 52, p. 395 holotype figured by
ScHENCK, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, no. 1, pi. 6, figs. 14, 15, under Cyrilla munita;
Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 12

Nucinella munita (Dall), Keen, 1937, p. 23, p. 20 under Cyrilla

Cyrilla munita (Dall), Schenck, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 14, 15;
Hertlein and Strong, 1940, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. XXV, p. 419 "Car-
penter in Dall"; Burch, 1944, no. 33, p. 13; 1945, no. 45, p. 4; Schenck, 1945, Jour.
Paleont., vol. 19, no. 6, p. 516, pi. 66, figs. 13-16; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew^, 1946,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 78; Howard, 1953, Wasmann, Jour. Biol., vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 235, figs. C, D

Nucinella (Huxleyia) munita Dall, Vokes, 1956, Jour. Paleont., vol. 30, no. 3, p. 667

i^Action by Inter. Zool. Com. Zool. Nomen., 1953. Hemming, Copenhagen Dec. Zool.
Nomen., 1953. p. 78, Art. 34 revoking Int. Rules Zool. Nomen. Opin. 147; see Bull. Zool.
Nomen., vol. 4, 1950, pt. 4-6, p. 161 162. Vokes, 1956, p. 767.

PELECYPODA

65

This species was not described by Carpenter. The syntypes consisting of three specimens
are in the U. S. National Museum. These were specimens Cooper collected and Carpenter
labelled. Dall used Carpenter's name in 1898 and referred to the species as of Carpenter.
Others have followed Dall (Howard, 1953). The species name should be credited to Dall
only.

There are in the Redpath Museum no. 15374 two specimens labelled "Nuculina munita
Catalina Is. 30 fm. Cooper type." These specimens cannot be termed syntypes because Dall
did not have access to them when he described the species. They would be valuable topotypes
because they came from the Cooper collection.

H. munita is not typical Huxleyia, but it belongs in that genus more than in Nucinella.
The species lacks anterior teeth.

Oldroyd repeated Dall's description of the species (Oldroyd, p. 36). Rehder and Schenck
pointed out that Niicula petriola Dall is synonymous with C. munita.

Howard (1953) reported the species to be viviparous.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 23243, three specimens, label "30 fms. Cooper,
Catalina Is."

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, 30 fathoms (type) ; Santa Rosa Island, California,
53 fathoms (H. petriola) ; Santa Rosa Island, California to ? Lat. 34° S. (Hertlein and
Strong). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Genus Philobrya Cooper, 1867

Bryophila Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 314; Reprint, 1872,

p. 212. Not Bryophila Treitschke, 1825 (see Neave, 1939-1940)
Philobrya Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 12; Carpenter,

Reprint, 1872, Smith. Misc. Coll., no. 252, index, p. 21
Type by monotypy, P. sctosa (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 12. Recent Forrester Island, Alaska, to Gulf of California (PI. 1, figs. 11-16)

The name Philobrya was constructed by Carpenter and intended by him as a substitute
for his preoccupied term Bryophila. Carpenter first published the name Philobrya in the in-
dex (1872) to the Smithsonian Reprint of many of his papers. Carpenter has always been
credited as author of the generic name. However, as sometimes happens by an interchange
of unpublished names between workers. Carpenter's replacement name of Philobrya was first
published by Cooper (1867). Cooper, is, therefore, the author of the name. There is no indi-
cation in the Cooper list that the name is a manuscript name of Carpenter, so that there is no
authority for crediting "Carpenter in Cooper."

Cotton and Godfrey (1938) placed this genus in the special family Philobryidae.

Philobrya setosa (Carpenter)
(PI. 1, figs. 11-16)

Bryophila setosa Carpenter, 1864, April, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 314;
Reprint, 1872, p. 212; 1864b, Aug., p. 538, 612, 618, 645; Reprint, 1872, p. 24, 98, 104, 131

Philobrya setosa Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 12;
Carpenter, Reprint, 1872, index, p. 21 ; Dall, 1895, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XVIII,
p. 17; Bernard, 1897, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XLV, p. 10, text fig. 1-4, pi. 1, fig. 1 ; Dall,
1921, p. 17; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 15 translation;
1924b, p. 49, pi. 54, figs. 32-35 ; original description and translation ; Grant and Gale,
1931, p. 149; Keen, 1937, p. 24; Burch, 1944, no. 34, p. 10; 1945, no. 45, p. 6; 1946, no.
59, pi. XI, fig. 34; Howard, 1953, Wasmann, Jour. Biol., vol. 11, no. 2, p. 234, 235, fig. A, B

The original description (with translation) of this interesting species has been given by
Oldroyd, and details of the hinge have been discussed and illustrated by Bernard.

The following original lines should be added to the copy by Oldroyd to make it complete :

"Long. 13, lat. .2, alt. .1 poll.

"Like a minute Pinna, or a transverse Margaritiphora without ears, or an Isognonion with-
out pits. Differs from the other Aviculids in being viviparous, like some other minute
bivalves." [Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314] Line 4, correct "rectus" to read "rectis"; line 8, space
following "marginem"

66 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRTBED P.V V. V] CARPENTER

The type collection in the U. S. National Museum consists of 9 double specimens still on
the original glass mounting of Carpenter with Carpenter's label "type" "C. S. Lucas."

Howard (1939) added further evidence to Carpenter's statement that the species is
viviparous but agreed witli Bernard that it is not parasitic as supposed by Dall.

Dimensions. — Length, 4 mm.; width, 3 mm. largest syntype; length, 1 mm.; width, .75
±. mm. next to smallest syntype

Synty{yes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16187

Distribution. — Recent. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Xantus) (type) ; Santa
Barbara, " 20 fm. Cp." (Carpenter) ; for California collecting data, see Burch, 1944, no. 34,
p. 10) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. San Pedro cut,
Los Angeles County, California (Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Family Ostreidae
Genus Ostrea^^ Linnaeus, 1758

Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Natur., 10th ed., p. 696

Type species by subsequent designation. Children, 1823, vol. XV, p. 44, pi. Ill, fig. 94, 94a ;
Kennard, Salisbury, and Wuodward, 1931, Lamarck's Gen. Shells, p. 15; O. cdulis
LiNNEAUs, 1758, Syst. Natur. 10th ed., p. 699. Recent. Europe. Sowerby, in Reeve, 1870,
Conch. Icon., vol. 18, Ostrea, pi. V, figs. 8a-f., Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus,
1887, Moll. Marins du Rousillon, t. II, pi. 1, figs. 1-4; pi. 2, figs. 1-6 van; pi. 4, figs. 1-4
var. ; pi. 5, figs. 1^ var.

Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter

Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 198, 233, 250,
277, 282, 312, 351, 353, 365 [?] ; 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 161; 1856 [1857]i6 Zool.
Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 220 in part; 1860, Smith, Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p.
2: 1863, Zool. Soc. London. Proc, p. 2,62,; Reprint, 1872, p. 199; 1864b, p. 552, 592, 646,
665, 666; Reprint, 1872, p. 38, T^, 132, 151, 152; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 13; Sowerby, in Reeve, 1871, Conch. Icon., vol. 18, Ostrea, pi. XXVIII,
figs. 69 a, b, c; Cooper, 1888, 7tli AniL Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 256; Burch,
1944, no. 34, p. 11 ; Burch, 1945, no. 45, p. 6; Palmer, 1951, New York State Mus., Bull,
no. 342, p. 29; Hertlein and Strong, 1955, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull., vol. 107, art.
2, p. 179, pi. 3, figs. 29, 30

Although the rajige of this species extends into the California territory, the type is from
the Mazatlan fauna. The illustration of the type, therefore, belongs with the figuring of the
Mazatlan Catalogue and further discussion is retained for that report.

Holotype. — British Museum (Natural History)

Distribution. — Mazatlan, Mexico (type) ; Redondo Beach, California, to Panama (Burch,
1945)

Ostrea lurida Carpenter
(PI. 5, figs. 4-6)
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864b, p. 599, 606, 615, 645; Reprint, 1872, p. 85, 92, 101, 131;
1865, Jour, de Conchyl., 13, p. 137; Reprint, 1872, p. 305; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2,
art. 6, p. 2 "[luridaX' ; Cooper, 1867, (ieog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 12; ?
Sowerby in Reeve, 1871, Conch. Icon., vol. 18, Ostrea, pi. IX, fig. 15; Arnold, 1903, p.
102; Dall, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 2 and varieties; Packard, 1918, Univ. Cali-
fornia Pub. Zool., vol. 14. no. 2, p. 251, pi. 14, figs. 10a, lOh; pi. 42 ,San Franci.sco Bay
stations; Dall, 1921, p. 18; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 16;
Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 50, pi. 37, figs. 10a, 10b; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 151 see for ex-
tended synonymy; Coe, 1931, Science, vol. 74, no. 1914, p. 247-249; Baily, 1935, West
Coast Shells (Keep), p. 49; Howard, 1935, California oil fields, vol. 20, no. 4, pi. 7, fig.
5 Pliocene; Henderson, 1935, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper, no. 3, p. 57; Keen, 1937,
p. 23; Keen and Bentson, 1944, Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper, no. 56, p. 77; Burch,
1944, no. 34, p. 11, fig. p. 12; Finch, 1953, California Dept. Fish Game Marine Fish.,
Fish Bull. no. 90, p. 38, fig. 4; Abbott, 1954, p. 374, pi. 29, fig. f

1° Placed in official list by Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., Opinion 94

^•^ Title page of volume is dated 1856, but the article was pulilishcd in 1857, because in the
paper Carpenter refers to Maxatlan Catalogue (1857)

PELECyPODA 67

Monocciostrae vancouvcrcnsis Ortox, 1928, Nature, vol. 121, no. 3044, p. 320-321 suggested
new name

The list of references for this common West Coast oyster is not intended to be complete.

"Ostrea edulis, Coop, [non Linn. : = O. lurida, Cpr.] De Fuca and Puget Sound, Gibbs ;
Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. 'Small in Puget Sound; finer in Shoalwater Bay, which supplies
S. Francisco market ; large at Vancouver's Island ; very large near mouth of Hood's Canal.' "
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 599]

"Ostrea lurida. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Dredged-up by Indians in small handnets with
long handles, in 2-3 fm., on mud-flats." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 606]

"Ostrea. The same species throughout to S. Franc: S. Diego, Cooper. [Besides the typi-
cal northern shell, O. lurida, are well-marked ? var. laticaudata, riifoides, and expansa.]"
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 615]

"Ostrea lurida, n.s. Shape of edulis: texture dull, lurid, olivaceous, with purple stains.
2-3 fm. on mud flats. Lord." [Carpenter, 1964b, p. 645]

Oldroyd gave the first paragraph of Carpenter's original description. The remainder fol-
lows herewith :

"Animal flavore cupreo tinctum.

"Var. laticaudata, Nutt. ms. : t. omnino purpurea, margine producto, nndato ; cardincm
versus, denticulis conspicuis instructo.

"Hab. Vancouver Is., a 2-3 toises sur fond de vase, Lord; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper;
Neeah Bay et Tatooche Is., Sivan (Var.) Monterey, Ntittall.

"Les Huitres de Californie, dans leur etat ordinaire, comme on les trouve au Shoalwater
Bay (Oregon), ont a peu pres la couleur et I'aspect de petites Etheries. Les individus des
mers plus chaudes ont Fair d'etre tres-distincts ; mais, d'apres le docteur Cooper, qui a une
grande experience de la matiere, ce ne sent que des varietes. Je ne pouvais pas prendre pour
nom specifique celui que le professeur Nuttall avait donne en manuscript a une forme acci-
dentelle. Quant aux autres formes, assez constantes dans leurs diverses localites, je leur ai
donne des noms qui pourront servir a les designer soit comme especes, soit comme varietes,
lorsque, plus tard, la connaissance d'un plus grand nombre d'individus permettra d'avoir une
opinion definitive en ce que les concerne. La variete rujoides a beaucoup de I'aspect de VO.
Virginica (Maz. Cat, no. 212). Elle etat designee sous le nom ? rufa par le docteur Gould;
mais je suis porte a croire que I'espece de Lamarck est une variete des Huitres Atlantiques,
attendu que les coquilles de la haute Californie n'etaieiit pas connues a I'epoque ou il a ecrit."
[Carpenter, 1865g, p. 137]

Of the material from several localities listed originally by Carpenter, two specimens from
"Shoalwater Bay," collected by Cooper and labelled as type by Carpenter, are in the Redpath
Museum at McGill University. Shoalwater, Willapa Harbor, Washington, therefore, becomes
the type locality. The types have a greenish hue on the interior of the shell.

The specimen figured by Sowerby in Conchologica Iconica as O. lurida and said to come
from ]Mazatlan is typical in shape, but either the locality or specific determination is in-
correct.

Syntypcs. — Redpath Museum, No. 125

Distribution. — Recent. [Cape] Shoalwater ["Bay"] northern Willapa Harbor, Washing-
ton (type) ; Sitka, Alaska, to Cape San Lucas, Lower California (Dall). Individual records
may be referred to under Williamson (1892), Arnold (1903), Packard (1914). Grant and
Gale (1931) list reference for ? Miocene-Pleistocene, but Keen and Bentson (1944) vouch
only for Howard (1935) Pliocene. Pleistocene, San Pedro sand, Palos Verdes Hills, Cali-
fornia, Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew (1946, p. 81).

Ostrea lurida forma expansa Carpenter

Ostrea lurida var. expansa Carpexter, 1864b, p. 615, 646; Reprint, 1872, p. 101, 132; 1865,
Jour, de Conchyl., XIII, p. 138; Reprint, 1872, p. 306; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p.
164 in part; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15. p. 193; Keep, 1911,
West Coast Shells, p. 56; Dall, 1921, p. 18; Oldroyd, 1924, p. 50; Baily, 1935 West
Coast Shells, (Keep) p. 49; Keen, 1937, p. 23; Burch, 1944, no. 34, p. 11 ; Burch, 1945,
no. 45, p. 6

Ostrea {conchaph. var?) expansa Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 13

68 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Ostrca .... [Besides the typical northern shell O. liirida, are well-marked ? vars., lati-
caudata, rufoidcs, and expansa]. [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 615]

"Ostrca ? var. expansa. Flat, affixed to whole surface, like Columbiensis. Round, or
winged to left, or right, or both, like Malleus. Also passes into 167. Ostrea conchaphila, Cpr.
Maz. Cat. no. 214. From Southern fauna.'' [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 646]

" ? Var. expansa : t. omnino planata, per totam superficiem affixa ; extus, marginem versus
laminata, purpureo radiata ; intus, olivaceo-rufa, ligamento parvo, in medio undato, solidiore.

"Hab. S. Pedro, Cooper." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 138]

The types of this fnriua have not been founfl. The Carpenter Collection in the Redpath
Museum includes one double and an additional valve labelled by Carpenter from San Pedro,
collected by Cooper. Since these are topotypes and in addition were collected by the original
discoverer and identified by the original describer, one might well be selected as a neotype.
They are flat, thin, and have a yellow hue.

Dimensions. — Length 55mm. ; height 52 mm.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; between San Pedro and San Diego,
California (Carpenter) ; Monterey to San Diego, California (Burch)

Ostrea lurida forma laticaudata Carpenter

Ostrea lurida var. laticaudata Carpenter, 1864b, p. S27, 615, 646, Reprint. 1872, p. 13, 101,
132; 1865. Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 13, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 137, Reprint, 1872, p. 305; Cooper,
1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 13; Keen, 1937, p. 23; Burch, 1944, no.
34, p. 11; Burch, 1945, no. 45, p. 6; Hertlein and Strong, 1946, Zoologica, New York
Zool. Soc., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 55 form usually referred to as O. palmxda Carpenter, see
Dall, 1921, p. 18; Oldroyd, 1924, p. 51; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 152 in part

For Carpenter's remarks (1864b, p. 615) see under O. lurida expansa.

"Ostrea var. laticaudata, Nutt. MS. Purple, winged, waved: denticles near hinge. Passes
towards pahnula, Maz. Cat. No. 214, b." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 646]

See also the original description of O. lurida.

Type. — Not found^'^

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington, to Gulf of California (Burch). (Type locality,
southern part of range of the species, Station?)

Ostrea lurida forma rufoides Carpenter

Ostrea lurida var. rufoides Carpenter, 1864b, p. 592, 615, 646; Reprint, 1872, p. 78, 101, 132;

1865, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XIII, p. 138; Reprint, 1872, p. 306; Keep, 1911, West Coast

Shells, p. 56; Dall, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 2; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells

(Keep), p. 49; Burch. 1944, no. 34, p. 11 color form O. lurida
Ostrea (Conchoph. var. ?) rufoides Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 13 . . „

" Another species, elongated, solid, allied to Virginica var. [rufoides]. San Diego.'

[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 592]

"Ostrea ? var. rufoides = rtifa, Gld. (non Lam.). Passing toward Virginica, jun. Thm,
with umbos hollowed: reddish in scar-region. Also fossil." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 646]

"? Var. rufoides: t. 'O. Virginicae' jun. simili ; sed tenuissima, luteo-rufa, intus rufo
tincta ; umbonibus concavis.

"Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper. Fossile a San Pablo, 20 pieds au-dessus de la haute
maree, Newberry." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 138]

In the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Aluseum are the following three suites of
specimens labelled by Carpenter as this forma. The characters of the specimens correspond
to the original remarks, but (3) is the only one which might be of the original collection.

(1) Glass mount of 5 specimens ; San Diego Bay, 8 fathoms Hemphill

(2) Glass mount of 6 specimens ; Catalina Island, 30 fathoms Cooper

(3) Glass mount of specimen ; fossil ; San Pablo ; New'berry

i^Not in British Museum (Natural History) (G. L. Wilkins, Mollusca Section, May 22,
1930, personal communication).

PELECYPODA

69

Number (3) is probably the specimen listed by Carpenter in the original description
("also fossil"). If this specimen were not the fossil and in this case the supplementary mater-
ial, it would be the logical specimen for the neotype. It seems better to select a Recent speci-
men for that category. In choosing a neotype from this material, one must balance the rela-
tive merits of suites (1) and (2). Specimens of (1) are topotypes but not by the original
collector (Cassidy, Cooper), whereas specimens from (2) are by the original collector but
not from the type locality. The Redpath Museum Collection is so far the only one which has
yielded specimens identified by Carpenter. The U. S. National Museum does not contain
specimens of the forma collected by Cassidy, Cooper, or Blake (H. A. Rehder, May 29, 1950,
personal communication).

Type. — Not found

Type locality. — San Diego, California

Family Pectinidae

Genus Pecten'^s Miiller 1776

Pccten MiJLLER, 1776, Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, p. XXXI, 248

Type species by subsequent designation, Schmidt, 1818, Versuch. Conch-Samml., p. 67, Os-

trea maxima Lixxaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 696. Recent. Northern Europe.

Reeve, 1852, Conch. Icon., vol. 8. Pecten, pi. IX, fig. 38

Subgenus Chlamys Reeding in Bolten, 1798

Chlamys Roedixg in Bolten, 1798, Mus. Boltenianum, pars 2, p. 161

Type species by subsequent designation, Herrmannsex, 1846, Indicis Gen. Malacozoorum,

vol. 1, p. 231, Pccten islandiciis (Linnaeus) = Ostrea islandicus Gmelix, 1791, Syst. Nat.,

13 ed., p. 3326 = Pccten islandicus Muller, 1776, Zool. Danicae Prod., p. 248. Living.

Circumboreal. Greenland to Cape Cod. Arctic to Puget Sound. Abbott, American Sea

Shells, p. 365. pi. 27, fig. L

Pecten (Chlamys) rubidus Hinds

(PI. 3, figs. 4-6)
Pecten rubidus Hixds, 1844, Zool. Voy. Sulphur, Moll., p. 61, pi. 17, fig. 5; Reeve, 1853,

Conch. Icon., vol. 8, Pecten, pi. XXIII, fig. 90. Not P. rubidus Martyx, 1784, Universal

Couchologist
Pecten Fabricii Gould not Philippi, Carpexter, 1864b, p. 574; Reprint, 1872, p. 60
Pectai Hindsii Carpexter, 1864b, p. 574, 606, 645 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 60, 92, 131 ; 1865, Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 58, ? var.
Pecten hastatus var. Hindsii Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 12 _
Pecten hericeus var. hindsii Carpenter, Whiteaves, 1887, Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans., vol. 4,

sec. 4, p. 119; D.\ll, 1898, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. IV,

p. 709
Pecten hericeus var. navarchus Dale, 1898, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol.

Ill, pt. IV, p. 708, new name for P. rubidus Hinds, 1844
Pecten (Chlamys) hastatus Sowerby var. Hindsii Carpenter, Arxold, 1906, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Prof. Paper, no. 47, p. Ill, pi. XLIII, figs. 1, 2, 2a
Not ? Pecten (Chlamys) Hiiidsii Carpenter, Dautzexberg axd Bavary, 1912, Siboga

Exped., Les Lamellibranches, LI II b, p. 12
Pecten (Chla)nys) /lindsii Carpenter, Dall, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 27, no. 11, p. 122; 1921, p.

709 in part; Oi.droyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 17, pi. 23, figs. 3,

4; Oldkoyd, 1924b, p. 53, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4; Burch, 1944, no. 35, p. 6; Burch, 1945, no. 45,

p. 6

"Pecten rubidus Hinds," Keep, 1911, W^est Coast Shells, p. 41

Pecten islandicus Miiller variety hindsii Carpenter, Graxt axd Gale, 1931, p. 163 in part;
Woodrixg, Bramlette, axd Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 80

Pecten hindsii navarchus Dall, Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 52
". . . Non P. Fabricii Gld. = P. Hindsii, jun." [Carpenter 1864b, p. 574]
"'Pecten rubidus, Hds.' Vane. Is., Lyall. [Hind's type in Br. Mus. appears to be the

ordinary form, of which P. hastatus = hericeus is the highly sculptured var. This shell,

which is more allied to Islandicus, may stand as P. Hindsii.]" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 606]

i^For information on the Pecten Osbeck problem, see Tomlin (in Burch, 1944, p. 3)

70 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRTRF.D BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Pecten (? var.) H'mdsn. Broader, ribs close, small, smooth, bifurcating. Passes from
hastatus toward Islandicus." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 645]

Pec ten rubidus Hinds, 1844, was described from a specimen from Alaska (no definite
place). This is not the P. rubidus Martyn (1784) Dall (1905, p. 415; Griffen, Sherborn, and
Marshall, 1936, p. 30; WinckAvorth, 1929, p. 228) = P. islandicus Miiller, 1776. Although
Hinds (1844) and Reeve (1853) figured the species their illustrations do not reveal the fine
details of sculpture.

Dall (1898) renamed P. rubidus Hinds because of the use of the name by Martyn (1784).
Dall gave the new name navarchus to the species and designated it as a subspecies of P. Iieri-
ceus Gould (1850). Martyn's name is eliminatedi^ because his work (1784) is nomenclator-
rially inadequate. Hind's name is available and stands for the species. Dall's name of naz'or-
chus is unnecessary and falls in synonymy with P. rubidus Hinds. Chenu's republication in
1845 of Alartyn docs not validate the name of P. rubidus iMartyn, Chenu, over P. rubidus
Hinds, because it was a year later than that of Hinds.

Pecten Hindsii was the name given by Carpenter to the specimen identified by Dr. \Vm.
Baird as P. rubidus Hinds. The shell was from Vancouver. It had been collected by Dr.
Lyall of H. M. Ship "Plumper" and had been deposited in the British Museum (Vancouver
and Californian Table, sixth column, no. 28, fide Carpenter, 1864b, p. 604-606). The Lyall
specimen Carpenter thought was not the same as P. rubidus Hinds. It is the Lyall specimen
which would be the type of P. Hindsii Carpenter. Apparently that shell has been lost,-° for
it is not in the British Museum (Natural History) now. But P. hindsii Carpenter is now
regarded as synonymous with P. mwarchus Dall = P. rubidus (Burch, 1944, no. 35, p. 6)
Hinds, so that the type of the former would become the type of the species. The type of
P. rubidus Hinds has also been lost. Hind's shell came from Alaska (33 fathoms), which
limits the type locality to the Alaskan area.

There are in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum 3 specimens labelled by
Carpenter, "Pecten Hindsii Cpr. ^ rubidus, H. C. Sitka" and 6 specimens labelled by Car-
penter, "Pecten (? var.) Hindsii Cpr. = rubidus var. H. Cum. not Hinds. Neeah Bay. Swan."

The 3 Redpath Museum specimens from Sitka, Alaska, measure respectively, 19 mm.,
29 mm., 15 mm., width; 22 mm., 32 mm., 18 mm., height; 3 mm., 5 mm., 3 mm., thickness.
Photographs of the 3 specimens are included herein.

In 1865 Carpenter included under P. Hindsii specimens collected by Kennerley from
Puget Sound and Vancouver shells of Lord.

The above is not intended to be a discussion of Pecten rubidus Hinds, 1844, but only tlie
history of the shells which Carpenter named which might be identified with Hind's species.

Types. — Unknown. In Carpenter's day (1863) they were in the British Museum (Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 605, 606)

Distribution. — Alaska (type) ; Bering Sea to San Diego, California (Burch)

Subgenus Plagioctenium Dall, 1898

Plaqioctenium Dall, 1898, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Piiiladelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. IV, p.

696
Type species by original designation Pecten ventricosus Sowerdy,^! 1842 (1847), Thes.

Conch., vol. 1, p. 51, pi. 12, figs. 18, 19, 26. Recent. West Coast Mexico and Central

America

i^Opinion 456, opinions and declarations rendered by the Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., 1957.

20L. R. Cox (fide litt.), W. J. Rees, and J. R. le B. Tomlin searched in the British Mu-
seum (Natural Plistory) for the type of the Pectens in question. For Hinds shell of the
Belcher collection see Tomlin, (1941, p. 158). Grant and Gale's (1931) statement that botli
P. hindsii and P. navarchus ^ P. rubidus Plinds were based on the same specimen is not
correct.

2iRegarded as not separable from P. circularis Sowerby (1835, p. 110) by Arnold (1906,
p. 125), Hertlein (1935, p. 313), and M. Smith (1944, p. 52).

I'ELECYPODA

71

Pecten (Plagioctenium) circularis aequisulcatus Carpenter

(PI. 3, figs. 1-3)

Pecten ventricosus var. aequisulcatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 540, 592, 599; Reprint, 1872,

p. 22. 26, 78, 85; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 12; Dall,

Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. IV, p. 711

Pecten aequisulcatus, ? n.s. Carpenter, 1864b, p. 645, 669, 684; Reprint, 1872, p. 131, 155,

170
Pecten (? var.) aequisulcatus Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p.

179, Reprint, 1872, p. 280
Pecten aequisulcatus Carpenter, Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 166, fig. 139; Kxister and
Kobelt, 1888, Conch. Cab., vol. 17, pt. 2, Spondylus and Pecten, no. 294, p. 269, tab. 71,
figs. 1. 2; Williamson, 1902, So. California Acad. Sci., Bull., vol. 1, no. 5, p. 51-61, fig.
IV-VI detailed description of animal and shell
Pecten {Plagioctenium) ventricosus Arnold, 1903, p. 114, pi. XI, figs. 3, 3a, 6, 6a
Pecten {Plagioctenium) nezcsomi .Arnold, 1903, p. 113, pi. XI, figs. 1, la
Pecten circularis var. aequisulcatus Carpenter, Keep, 1911, West Coast Shells, p. 39, fig. 19
Pecten {Plagiocentenium) circularis Sowerby var. aequisulcatus Carpenter, Arnold, 1906,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, no. 47, p. 132, pi. L, figs. 1, la text figs. 1, 2 synonymy;
Dall, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 27, no. 11, p. 122; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 58, pi. 42, figs. 1, 2 Ar-
nold's figs, section; Burch, 1944, no. 35, p. 11, fig.; Burch, 1945, no. 45, p. 6
Not ? Pecten {Aequipecten) aequisulcatus Carpenter, Dautzenberg and Bavay, 1912,

Siboga-Expeditie, Les Lamellibranches, Llllb, p. 19
Pecten {Chlamys) circularis aequisulcatus Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 19 section Plagiocenten-
ium
Pecten {Aequipecten) gibbus Linnaeus var. circularis Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 218 in part
Pecten {Aequipecten) circularis aequisulcatus Baely, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 52,

fig. 23; Hertlein, 1935, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XXI, no. 25, p. 313
Plagiotenium circularis aequisulcatum (Carpenter), Finch, 1953, California Fish Game
Marine Fish., Fish Bull., no. 90, p. 42, fig. 8

For other references, see Arnold, 1906; Grant and Gale, 1931, in part; Keen, 1937, p. 19
under Chlamys; Hertlein and Strong, 1946, p. 58

The types of this species consist of one valve, left marked "type," and one double speci-
men, in the U. S. National Museum, no. 15645, with the label "San Diego." In regard to
the statement of Mrs. Oldroyd concerning the Boyce Collection, see the introduction to this
paper. The note as to the whereabouts of the types in the British Museum in Grant and
Gale was a supposition. Arnold gave a fine photograph of a typical specimen in the U. S.
Nat. Museum, no. 172703, but that specimen is not the type. Oldroyd (1924b) copied Car-
penter's original description (1865h). In addition to that description Carpenter stated:
"Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewett) ; S. Diego {Ca-ssidy, Nezvberry, Cooper)."
He identified the species amongst the collection of Major Rich, from "Near S. Pedro."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 540]

Dimensions. — Length, 84 mm.; height, 80 mm.; thickness (1 valve), 14 mm. left valve,
"type"; length, 69 mm.; height, 64 mm.; thickness (double), 35 mm.
Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15645

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey Bay, California, to Cape
San Lucas, Lower California (Finch, 1953). For Pliocene and Pleistocene, see Table 2 for
stratigraphic distribution.

Subgenus Leptopecten Verrill, 1897
Leptopecten A'errill, 1897, Connecticut Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. X, pt. 1, p. 69
Type species by original designation, Chlamys monotimeris (Conrad), 1837, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, Jour. vol. 7, p. 238, pl. 18, fig. 10. Recent. Monterey, California, to Gulf of

California. Oldroyd, 1924b, pl. 40, figs. 1, 2

Pecten (Leptopecten) paucicostatus Carpenter

Pecten paucicostatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 614, 645 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 100. 131 ; 1865,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 179; Reprint, 1872. p. 281 ; Kuster and Kobelt,
1888, Alartini-Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., vol. 17, pt. 2, p. 281. Not P. prototranquebaricus
paucicostatus Vredenburg, 1928 = P. p. noetlingi Hertlein, 1936, Nautilus, vol. 50, p. 54

/I MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Pccten (Plagioctenmtn) paucicostatus Carpenter, Arnold, 1906, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof.

Paper, 47, p. 137, pi. XXXIX, figs. 3, 3a, 4 types
Pecten (Chlamys) paucicostatus Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 19, section Lcptopecten; Oldroyd,

1924b, p. 56, pi. 41, figs. 4, 5, section Lcptopecten
Pecten (Acquipecten) tunibecensis d'Orbigny, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 206 in part
Pecten (Leptopectcn) tumbezensis d'Orbigny, Hertlein, 1935, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXI, p. 315, 316; Hertlein and Strong, 1946, Zoologica, Sci. Cont. New

York Zool. Soc, vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 60

Arnold's (1906) doubt concerning the correctness of the original label of "Santa Barbara,"
and lack of specimens in later collections from California, has led authors to believe that this
species has not been found north of the Gulf of California. Grant and Gale (1931), Hertlein
(1935), and Keen (1937, p. 19) made a reasonable inclusion under P. tuinbecensis d'Orbigny,
1846.

Two syntypes of P. paucicostatus Carix>nter, No. 15643b, labelled "Types Sta. Barbara
Jewett Cooper Catalina Id.," are in the U. S. National Museum. There are also two syn-
types in the Redpath Museum, No. 121, labelled by Carpenter "Type" Sta. Barbara "Jewett
(? Nicaragua)." Thus Carpenter had doubt about the shells coming from Santa Barbara.

Arnold figured the U. S. National Museum types, and writer has photographs of those
which are at McGill University. The illustrations and further discussion are reserved for that
of the Carpenter types from the fauna south of California.

"Pecten (? var.) squarrosus" Carpenter

(PI. 2, figs. 1-3)

Pecten squarrosus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536; Reprint, 1872, p. 22

Pecten (? var.) squarrosus Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 179;

Reprint, 1872_p. 281 __ _

"P. testa orbiculari, acquilaterali, rubida, albido, maculata; valva dextra convexa ; costis
XVIII, aequalibus, testa jun. approximatis, testa adulta interstitiis aequalibus ; costis et in-
terstitiis regulariter undatis, striis crebris squamosis radiantibus ubique ornata; auriculis
magnis, latissimis, subaequalibus ; antica anguste fissata, serrata, postica sinuata; auriculis
ambabus et regione contigua scabrose striatis : intus alba, linea cardinali alte sulcata. Long.
1.82, lat. 1.79, alt. .9.

"Hab. 'Sta. Barbara,' teste Jewett.
"Resembles a shell in Mus. Cuming, marked 'exaspcratus, var.', but does not agree with the
diagnosis of that species. All Col. jewett's valves were dextral. The locality needs confirma-
tion." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 179]

This species apparently does not belong in the West Coast fauna, but its proper place has
not been established. Reference has not been made to it since Carpenter (1865h). At that time
he doubted its proper locality. In the Redpath Museum there are three specimens, two right
and one left valve marked type by Carpenter, with "Sta. Barbara Jewett." In addition Car-
penter labelled the specimen "Also really Florida."

Carpenter in the original description stated that all Col. Jewett's specimens were dextral.

The left valve at McGill would then be eliminated from type material. Photos of the
McGill right valves are included herein. They represent two different species. The shell of
Figures 2 and 3 of Plate 2 bears a resemblance to the holotype of P. heliacus Dall (1925b, p.
119-120) as figured in Maxwell Smith (1937, pi. 9, figs. 5a, 5b) and the specimen of Figure
1 to the holotype of P. acanthodes Dall (m Smith, 1937, pi. 9, fig. 3). If either of the speci-
mens under Carpenter's name proved conspecific with one of Dall's, Carpenter's name would
have priority.

Family Limidae

"Lima orientalis Carpenter"

Carpenter inadvertently credited as author of Lima orientalis in Monks, 1893, Nautilus,
vol. 7, no. 7, p. 75 copied in Cooke, 1915, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 11, p. 108.
Lima orientalis Adams and Reeve, 1850, not Carpenter, is Lima (Mantellum) dehiscens
Conrad, 1837

PELECYPODA

73

Family Mytilidae
Genus Modiolus Lamarck, 1799-2
{VolseUa Scopoli, 1777, p. 397)
A/orf/o/irj Lamarck, 1799, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, p. 87

Type species by absolute tautonymy, Mytihis modiolus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., p. /OO.
Living. Circumboreal. Northern Europe, western Atlantic from the Arctic to northeast
Florida (Abbott, 1954) ; Eastern Pacific from the Arctic to San Pedro, California (Dall,
1921). Ree\'e, 1857, Conch. Icon., Modiola, vol. X, pi. I, fig. 1, fig. 2; Abbott, 19o4, p.
351,fig. 26j ^ ^ , TT- u

For extended bibliography of Modiolus modiolus (L.), see Dautzenberg and Fischer

(1912, p. 363-366), as Volsella.

Modiolus fornicatus (Carpenter)
(PI. 4, figs. 10-12)

Modiola fornicata Carpenter, 1864b. p. 536, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 129; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat Hist ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 179; Reprint, 1872, p. 280; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 11 ; 1870, Amcr. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 55; Keep, 1887, West
Coast Shells, p. 173; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p. 191
Modiolus fornicatus (Carpenter). Arnold, 1903. p. 120; Keep, 1911. West Coast Shells, p.
36 ("Gld.") ; Dall, 1921, p. 22; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 69; Keen, 1937, p. 22; Soot-Ryen,
1955, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped., vol. 20, no. 1, p. 62, pi. 6, fig. 26 . ,.

Volsella fornicata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931. p. 251; Burch, 1944, no. 36, p. 14;
1945, no. 45. p. 8; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVL p. 171

"Short, swollen, like large M. marmorata; but smooth, not crenated." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 643]

The description of 1865 of this species was reprinted by Oldroyd. Her statement that the
type is in Mrs. Bryce collection in Utica, New York, is out of date and should not be con-
tinued.

The following should be added to make the copy in Oldroyd complete:

"Long. 1.4, lat. .76, alt. .95.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jewctt); Monterey (Taylor)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 179]

The holotype, one specimen of both valves, is in the Redpath Museum. The glass tablet
upon which it is mounted has in Carpenter's handwriting, "Type. Col. Jewett, Sta. Barbara."

The holotype, therefore, represents the first specimen mentioned by Carpenter, i.e., the one
collected by Col. Jewett.

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 3133

Distribution. — Recent Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, Trinidad to San
Pedro and Cortez Bank, California (Dall, 1921). Reported from Pliocene and Pleistocene of
California and Pleistocene of Lower California (Grant and Gale, 1931).

"Modiola planata" Carpenter
"Modiola planata" Carpenter is a nomen nudum. The type material consists of three
double valves in the Redpath Museum (No. 108). They are on the original glass mounts
and were labelled by Carpenter "MS. type Beach at Panama Bradley." Photographs of the
types are in the author's collection. The discussion of the name will be reserved for the paper
on the Carpenter types of the Panama and Lower California region. Tomlin used the name in
his list (1928, p. 192), stating that he had taken the name from the British Museum collec-
tions. The name, of course, has no validity. The specimens belong in the group of Modiolus
of "Modiola speciosa" (Dunker) (Reeve, 1857, vol. X, Modiola, pi. VII, fig. 35).

"Modiola" nitens Carpenter

"Modiola" nitens Carpenter, 1857, in Gould and Carpenter, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. pt.
XXIV, p. 202; Carpenter, 1857, Kept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 227, 309, 349;

^^Modiolus Lamarck, 1799, has been validated, and Volsella Scopoli, 1777, suppressed
(Opinion 325, Opinions and Declarations rendered Inter. Com. Zool. Nomen., vol. 9, pt. 16,
p. 251-266, 1955).

74 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

1860. Smith Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 2; 1864b, p. 535, 564, 616; Reprint, 1872, p. 21,
50, 102

This specific name and description which Carpenter inserted in literature in 1857 per-
tained to specimens in the Gould collection labelled from California. That information was
stated by Carpenter (1964b), in three respective notations, to be probably an erroneous
Cumingian label. Carpenter (1864b, p. 535) suggested tliat the species was = M. subpurpur-
cus Mus. Cum.

Volsclla suhpnrpurea, a specimen in the Cuming Collection, was described by Dunker
(1856, p. 362) from Senegal. The Mus. Cuming specimen was figured by Reeve (1857, Mo-
diola, vol. X, pi. Y]\\. fig. 44). That specimen may be the one referred to by Carpenter in
comparison. It is not the same as the species figured by Reeve (1857, pi. V, figs. 23, 24) as
Modiola nitcns Carpenter, which name was applied to other specimens in the Museum Cum-
ing. Reeve referred M. nifens Carpenter to the Mazatlan Catalogue which is not the place of
description. The type of M. nitcns was from the Gould Collection. Its whereabouts has not
yet been traced.

Genus Adula H. and A. Adams, 1857

Adula H. AND A. Adams, 1857, Genera of Recent Alollusca, vol. II, p. 517. Not Adula

Adams, 1861, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 145_
Type species by monotypy, Mvtilus solenijormis d'Orbigny, 1846, Voy. Amer. Merid., p.

649. Living. Paita, Peru. D'Orbigny, 1846, Voy. Amer. Merid., pi. 85, figs. 17, 18

Adula californiensis (Pliilippi)

(PI. 4, figs. 1-4)

Modiola californiensis (Eschscholtz), Philippi, 1847, Zeitschr. Malak. 1847, 4 p. 113
Lithophagns sp. ind., like falcafus Wm. Cooper, 1860, N. Pac. R.R., Rept. Mollusca, app.

no. 6, p. 380 fide Carpenter, 1864b, p. 599
Adula stvlina Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 599, 627, 644, 669; Reprint, 1872, p. 85, 113. 130,

155; 1864, Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 425; Reprint, 1872, p. 237; J.

G. Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 11; Packard, 1918, Univ.

California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, p. 260, pi. 18, fig. 5
Botula (Adula) californiensis Philippi, Dall, 1916, Nautilus, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 2; Dall, 1921,

p. 22; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 71, pi. 27, fig. 5 same fig. as Packard; Burgh, 1944, no. 37, p.

6 ; BuRCH, 1945, no. 45, p. 8
Adula californiensis Philippi, Soot-Ryen, 1955, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped., vol. 20, no. 1,

p. 90, pi. 9, fig. 50, text figs. 73-74

"M. testa subcylindrica, laevigata, rufofusca, in medio ab umbonibus ad marginem ven-
tralem utrinque impressa; rosta elcvata, obtusa, ab apice ad extremitatem posticam decur-
rcnte ; apicibus ad 1/7-1/8 longitudinis sitis. Long. 17", alt. 4^"; crass. Sj/j".

"Modiola (Pholas lapsus calami) californiensis Eschsch. in Musaeo Dorpatensi.

"Patria: California, legit cl. Eschscholtz.

"Species insignis, intermedia inter Lithophagos sic dictos et Modiolam cinnamomeam afl^in-
esque. Forma fere exacte cylindrica, sed margo ventralis aliquantulum concavus. Umbones
prominuli, in specimine unico, quod examinandum mihi benevole communicavit cl. de Mid-
dcndorfif, decorticati. Costa obtusissima ab apice ad extremita — tem posticam decurrens valde
distincta, ita ut maxima crassities non in apicum regione sed in dimidia longitudine sit. Ante
illam depressio notabilis. Extrcmitas postica subtruncata, linea oblique adsccndente in mar-
ginem dorsalem rectilineum transit; antica augustior adscendens rotundata est. Musculus ad-
ductor anticus satis magnus." f Pliilippi, 1847, p. 113|

"Shorter, broader; epidermis brown, glossy." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 644]

".■\. testa cylindracea, lithophogoidea, laevi, tenuissima, parum arcuata, subnacrea, albida,
postice interdum livido tincta; epidermide nitene, laevi, solidiore, nigro-fusca: testa jun. typice
modiolacformi, umbonibus subanticis, obtusissimis ; margine dorsali antice (rarissime paulu-
lum. testa minima, postice) tenuiter crenulato: testa adulta marginibus dors, et ventr. fere
parallelis, ant. et post, rotundatis ; umbonibus dctritis, hand conspicuis, circiter sextantim an-
tice sitis ; incrustatione baud solida, densissime spongiosa, aream posticam diagonalem ten-
gente, supra valvas prolongata, appressa; ligamento interno, postice valde prolongate; pa-
gina interna pallida: cicatr. add. postica tumida, pyriformi, antica (quoad familiam) maxima,
liaud im]>ressa, obKjn.ga ; cicatr. pedali antica magna, circulari, impressa; callositate subum-
bonal (testa jun.) cicatr. pcdalem versus conspicua. Long. .155, lat. .4, alt. .5.

PELECYPODA

75

"\''ariat t. inagis arcuata ; et in A falcata, antice tumidiore, subangulata.

"Variat quoque teste attenuata.

"Variat interdum ventraliter late hiante.

"Hab. Neeah Bay, abundant {Szi'an) ; Monterey (Taylor).

"On smashing a large lump of hard clay, bored by Pholads, Petricolids, etc., large num-
bers of this species, with a few of A. falcata. of all ages from .06 onwards, were found in situ.
Several struggled for room in a single crypt. The umbos are abraded by the wide opening
of the valves." [Carpenter, 1864d, Dec, p. 425]

The translation as given by Oldroyd is that of Carpenter's (1864d, Dec, p. 425) descrip-
tion and not of Philippi as she indicated. There is a large amount of text omitted from the
Latin description of Carpenter as published by Oldroyd. The complete original description
of Carpenter, and the description of Philippi are therefore included herein.

The specimens marked by Carpenter as type of Adula stylina Carpenter and preserved
in the Redpath Museum are from San Diego collected by Hemphill. The lot consists of 16
double specimens. These are not from the two localities, Neah Bay, Washington, or Mon-
terey, California, mentioned in the original description. Strictly, therefore, these specimens
are not from the type locality. Hence in choosing a neotype that material from San Diego,
California, cannot be used. The value of the material is that it was identified and labelled by
Dr. Carpenter. Specimens from either Neah Bay or Monterey designated as type have not
been found. The type locality of .1/. calijorniensis is California and not \'ancouver Island,
as stated by Oldroyd.

Type. — B. calijorniensis Philippi unknown ; B. stylina Carpenter unknown

Distribution. — Recent. California (type), B. calijorniensis; Neah Bay, Washington, or
Monterey, California (type), B. stylina; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to San Diego,
California (Burch)

Family Thraciidae
Genus Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864

Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 311 ; Dall,

1886, Mus. Com. Zool., Bull, vol. XII, no. 6, p. 308
Type species by monotypy A. villosior Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol.

XIII, no. 6, p. 311. Recent. Western America. PI. 4, figs. 5-9.

This American genus is limited to the type species of the genus and two species from the
Recent, Floridian region. The subgenus Bitshia Dall (1886, p. 309) is represented by the
living A. elegans Dall (1886, p. 309; 1889, pi. XXXIX, fig. 1) in Florida and the West
Indies, A. diiboisi Fulton (1930, p. 17) from Argentina, and A. panamensis Dall (1890a,
p. 275).

Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter
(PI. 4, figs. 5-9)

Asthenothaerus villosier Carpenter, 1864b, April, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII,
p. 311 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 104, 209; 1864b, Aug., p. 618 (list) ; Conrad, 1869, Cat. Family
Anatinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 56; Dall, 1886, Mus. Comp. Zool., Bull.,
XII, p. 308 discussion of genus; Dall, 1916, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 49, no. 2116,
p. 446; Dall, 1921, p. 25; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 86; Keen and Frizzell, 1939, West North
American Pelecypod genera, p. 8, fig. 5 (holotype) ; Burch, 1944, no. 2i7, p. 14, 16, fig.
(from Keen) ; no. 38, p. 16; 1945, no. 45, p. 9; Schenck, 1945, Jour. Paleont., vol. 19,
no. 5, p. 516, pi. 66, figs. 11, 12 holotype

The original description of this species is included in Oldroyd.
As may be noted by the illustrations of the holotype, the shell of this species is thin and

fragile. There are no teeth, and the hinge line and margins of the shell beneath the beak

are synonymous. The white spongy ossicle inside beneath the beak, extending posteriorly,

may be seen on the holotype, if the shell is tipped.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16292. The specimen was attached to Carpenter's

original glass mount and bears his writing, "Type C. S. L."

76 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIRRD BY V. P. CARPENTKR

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Cape
San Lucas (Dall)

Family Pandoridae

Genus Pandora Hwass in Chemnitz, 23 1795

Pandora Hwass in Chemnitz, 1795, Neues Syst. Conchyl. Cab., vol. 11, p. 211
Type species by subsequent designation, --i Dall, 1903, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia,
Trans., vol. Ill, pt. 6, p. 1517, Pandora inaeqnivalvis (Linnaeus), 1758, Syst. Nat., p. 673,
as Solen: Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., XII, p. 1118 as Tellina. Recent. Mediterranean. 25
BucQUOY, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1898, Moll. Marins du Roussilon, p. 72Z, pi.
XCVIII, figs. 1-6

Subgenus Pandorella Conrad, 1863
(Kemierlia Carpenter, 1864)

Pandorella Conrad, 1863, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc. 1862, p. 572; Kennertia^^
Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 602, 638; Reprint, 1872, p. 88. 124; 1864, Nov., Zool. Soc.
London, Proc., p. 602; Reprint, 1872, p. 231; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc,
p. 55. Type species by subsequent designation, Stoliczka, 1871, Mem. Geol. Soc. Indica,
ser. 6, vol. 3, p. 61 K. bicarinata Carpenter, 1864 = K. bilirata (Conrad), 1855. See
herein.

Type species [Pandorella] by monotypy. Pandora arenosa Conrad, 1834, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, Jour., ser. 1, vol. 7, p. 130. Recent. Hatteras to Yucatan. Miocene, Virginia.
Pliocene, Florida. Gardner, 1943, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 199A, p. 45, pi. 10, figs. 16,
19, 20

Because the name Kennerlia is so entrenched in tlie literature the explanation of details
connected with the name is not out of place.

Vokes (1956, p. 763) showed that Pandorella Conrad, 1863, preoccupies the well-known
name of Kennerlia Carpenter, 1864. If the type species of Pandorella, P. arenosa Conrad, is
accepted as consubgeneric with K. bilirata Conrad {K. bicarinata Carpenter) as indicated by
Dall (1903), Johnson (1934), Gardner (1943), and Aguayo and Jaume (1948) then
Kennerlia falls in synonymy with Pandorella. It is not true (Vokes, 1956, p. 763) that
P. arenosa has been accepted by all subsequent authors as Kennerlia. The most recent pub-
lications (Poirier, 1952; Abbott, 1954; Perry and Schwengel, 1955) do not have the species
so classified. The character of the shell and hinge are similar to "K." bilirata (Conrad).
(See pi. 6, figs. 1-3.)

Pandora (Panderella) bilirata Conrad

(Pi. 5, figs. 1-3)

Pandora bilirata Conrad, 1855, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 7, p. 267; 1857, U. S.
Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 6, Geol. Rept, p. 7Z, pi. V, fig. 25

23 Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., Opinion 184, 1944

2* Jeffreys, J. G. : (1865, p. 23) might be construed as a designation of tyr)e although he
did not mean his statement to be so. He regarded the type species as originally designate<l.
The designation of Children (1823) same species as above, was for Pandora Lamarck, 1799.

25 Winckworth (1934, p. 53) regarded the Mediterranean as the locality for P. inaequi-
vah'is. He limited the Atlantic distribution, often included for Linnaeus species, to P. albida
(Roeding).

28 Regardless of whether the spelling of the name of this subgenus should conform to the
spelling of the name of Dr. Kennerley (spelled both Kennerley and Kennerly by Carpenter,
1864b, p. 601-602; Reprint, 1872, p. 85, 86; 1864c, p. 602-603; Reprint, 1872, p. 231, 232
footnotes) the original spelling of Carpenter slioukl be maintained. Carpenter spelled the
name Kennerlia in many and all instances so that he apparently preferred and meant that
combination.

Dall emended the emendation of Fischer (1887, p. 1158) from Kennerleya to Kennerleyia
and Kennerlyia. Apparently the revisers could not agree on the proper spelling. Dall returned
to the original spelling in 1921 and has been followed by authors since.

Carpenter's first mention (1864b, p. 602) of Kemierlia included only the species K. filosa,
but the specific name was still a manuscript name. In the next references (1864b, p. 638;
1864c, p. 602) more than one species was identified.

PELECyPODA 77

Pandora (Kennerlia) bicarinata Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 638; Reprint, 1872,p. 124; 1864,
Nov.. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 603; Reprint, 1872, p. 232; 1869, Cat. Family
Pandoridae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 71; Arnold, 1903, p. 123, pi. XVIII, fig. 2

Kennerlia bicarinata Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 4

Pandora (Kenncrlyia) bilirata Conrad, Dall, 1915, U. S. Nat Mus., Proc, vol. 49, no. 2116,
p. 449 ; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 89, pi. 53, figs. 8, 9

Pandora {Kennerlia) bilirata (Conrad), Dall, 1921, p. 26; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 30; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 261; Eyerdam, 1938,
Nautilus, vol. 51, no. 3, p. 101; Burch, 1944, no. 38, p. 3; 1945, no. 45, p. 9; Hertlein
AND Strong, 1946, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 31, pt. 3, p. 97

Conrad's original description was republished by Oldroyd (1924b, p. 89) and Grant and
Gale (1931, p. 261). Carpenter suggested that his species might be the same as P. bilirata
Conrad.

The original description and illustration of the holotype of P. bicarinata Carpenter are
included to assist in the verification of the sj'nonymy of the species. The type of P. bilirata
Conrad has been lost (A. A. Olsson and John D. Parker, May 10, 1950, personal communi-
cation). The type is not at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The synonymy and discussion of P. bilirata is not intended to be complete.

"K. t. 'K. filosae' simili, sed baud rostrata ; postice latiore ; carinis in valva convexa
duabus, in valva planata una, ex umbonibus postice decurrentibus ; lamina prismatica radiatim
sulcata, baud spongiosa ; valva convexa tenuiter indentata ; ligamento elongato, tenuissimo.
Long. .5, lat. .25, alt. .06 poll.

"Hab. in insula Catalina, Calitorniae; 40-60 uln., rara (Dr. J. G. Cooper. State Geological
Survey Coll. No. 1063; AIus. Smithsonian Inst.).

"The shape and keels at once distinguish this beautiful little species from its Northern
ally, with which, in the hinge and threading of the outer layer, it exactly agrees. The
ligament in both species is extremely thin, holding the valves together from the umbo to the
posterior end. The fossil Pandora bilirata, Conr., may prove identical with this recent species ;
but the diagnosis, figure, and type specimen are so imperfect that it would be too hazardous
to affiliate them." [Carpenter, 1864c, p. 603]

Holotype. — P. bilirata Conrad, lost. P. bicarinata, U. S. National Museum, No. 592440
("Cp. 1063"). The holotype consists of both valves on Carpenter's original glass mount with
the original label, "Type Sta. Catalina Cooper."

Distribution. — Catalina Island (type, P. bicarinata Carpenter) ; "California" (type,
P. bilirata Conrad) ; Drier Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Point Abreojos, Lower
California (Eyerdam and Dall)

Pandora (Pandorella) filosa Carpenter
(PI. 6, figs. 9-14)

Kennerlia filosa Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 602, 638; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 124; 1864, Nov..
Zool. Soc London, Proc, p. 602; Reprint, 1872, p. 231; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 55

Pandora filosa Carpenter, Sowerby, 1870, in Reeve, Conch. Icon., Pandora, vol. 19, pi. II,
fig. 10a., 10b; Packard, 1918, Univ. California, Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, p. 261, pi. 19,
figs. 2a, 2b

Pandora (Kennerlia) filosa Carpenter, 1869, Cat. Familv Pandoridae, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 71 ; Arnold, 1903, June, p. 124, pl. XVIII, fig. 3

Kennerlia filosa Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 4
"(adult of bicarinata?)"

Pandora (Kenncrleyia) filosa (Carpenter), Dall, 1903, Oct., Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phila-
delphia, vol. III. pt. VI, p. 1517

Pandora (Kenmrlyia) filosa (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 88, pl. 33. figs. 2a, 2b same
fig. as Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, pl. 19, figs. 2a, 2b

Pandora (Kennerlia) filosa Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 26; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 28, pl. 37, figs 2a, 2b same fig. as Packard, 1918; Grant and
Gale. 1931, p. 261 ; Burch, 1944, no. 38, p. 3; 1945, no. 45, p. 9

"Kennerlia filosa, n.s. and n. subg. Several living specimens." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602.]

"Kennerlia filosa, n.s. New subgenus of Pandora with ossicle: outer layer radiately grooved.
Shell beaked." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 638]

78 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY V. P. CARPENTER

The description (1864c Nov.) was copied by Oldroyd (1924b, p. 88), to which the
following should be added to make her copy complete :

". . . Long.— .8, lat. .4, alt. .12 poll.

Hab. in sinu Pugetiano (Kennerlcy)." [Carpenter, 1864c, Nov., p. 602]

The interior or shelly plate of the middle area of "Kcnnerlia" is attached to the central
ligament in both valves. The portion of the splinter or ossicle may, therefore, when preserved
be attached to the ligament of one or the other valve. In the type of "P. bicarinata Carpenter,"
it is preserved in the left valve ; in one of the syntypes of K. filosa it is preserved in the right
valve.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4542. Consists of two double shells. The label
reads, "Type. Puget Sound. Kennerley."

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type). Nunivak Lsland, Bering Sea to
Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (Burch, 1945). Sec Table 2 for stratigraphic distri-
bution.

Family Cuspidariidae
Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840

(In part Neaera Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834, pi. 22, fig. 5, facing p. 420; not Robineau^ —

Desvoidy, 1830, Diptera)
Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840, Ann. Sci. Regno Lombardo-Veneto, vol. X, p. 50; 1840, Rev. Zool.,

p. 30
Type species by original designation^'' Cuspidaria typus Nardo ms. = Tellina cuspidata

Olivi, 1792, Zool. Adriatico, p. 101, pi. 4, fig. 3. Living. Mediterranean

Subgenus Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864

Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864, March, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 208

Type species by monotypy, Cardiomya gouldiana (Hinds), 1843, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,

p. 77 as Neaera. Living. New Guinea. Philippines. Japan. Hinds, 1844, Zool. Voy. Sulphur,

v. 2, p. 70, pi. 20, fig. 17

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) pectinata (Carpenter)
(PI. 6, figs. 1-5)

Neaera pectinata Carpenter. 1864b. Aug., p. 602. 637; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 123; 1865, Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 54; Conrad, 1869, Cat. Family Anatinidae, Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 57; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 4;

Arnold, 1903, p. 181, pi. XVIII, fig. 11
Cuspidaria pectinata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 28 section Cardiomya; Oldroyd, 1924b,

p. 101 section Cardiomya; Keen, 1937, p. 20
Cuspidaria (Cardiomya.) pectinata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 265, pi. 1, figs.

16, 17; Hertlein and Strong, 1946, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 31, pt. 3, p. 101
Cardiomya pectinata (Carpenter), Burch, 1944, no. 38, p. 13; 1945, no. 45, p. 10

"Neaera pectifiata, n.s. One sp. living." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602]

"Neaera pectinata, n.s. Principal ribs about 12; beak smooth. Like sidcata. 40-60 fm. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 637]

"N. t. globosa, albida, subdiaphana, epidermide tenui induta, ventraliter antice producta ;
postice subito augustato, rostrato, rostro baud insculpto, duabus inter quinque partes totius
longitudinis acquantc ; parte globosa acute costata ; costis ])Osticis paullum niajoribus, magis
distantibus ; margines dorsales versus obsoletis ; interstitiis latis, quadratis, minutissime
conccntrice striatis ; costis principalibus t. jun. XII-XV, adulta, aliis crebre intercalantibus,
circ. XXX., quarum primi inajorcs : intus, lamina cartilaginea curta, subunibones celata ;
dente postico satis elongato, regione adductoris intus claviculato ; cicatricibus adductoribus
subrotundatis, deorsum sitis ; sinu pallii parvo, lato : margine a costis pectinato. Long. .24, lat.
.14, alt. .12.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen junior legit Kennerlcy. Apud insulam Catalinam et
Sanct. Barbaram adultum piscavit Cooper." [Carpenter, 1865, p. 54]

The holotype consists of one double shell in the U. S. National Aluscum with the label
"Neaera pectinata. Type. Puget Sound, W. T."

27 Art. 30, Ij, Int. Rules Zool. Nomen.

PELECYPODA

79

Puget Sound is unquestionably the type locality. Dall overlooked this fact in 1921 al-
though he had access to the holotype, for he limits the northern range of the species to
Monterey. Oldroyd, in spite of stipulating Puget Sound as the type locality of C. pectinata,
did not include the species in her monograph on the marine shells of Puget Sound. Grant
and Gale (1931, p. 265) stated that Mrs. Oldroyd "dredged many specimens in ten to twelve
fathoms in Puget Sound."

The specific rank of C. calif oniica Dall (1886b, p. 296) and its relation to C. pectinata
is still unsettled.

The variability of the number of the radiating ribs was originally brought out.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4506

Distrihntion.—Rtce.n\.. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Puget Sound, Washington,
British Columbia, to Panama Bay (Oldroyd), East of Cedros Island, 45 fathoms (Hertlein
and Strong). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Genus Leiomya A. Adams, 1864

Leiomya A. Adams, 1864, March, Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 208.

Type si>ecies by monotypy, Leiomya adnnca Gould, 1861, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc., vol.
VIII, p. 24; 1862, Otia, p. 162 as Neacra. Recent. Kayosima [Kagoshima], sandy mud,
12-15 fathoms (original), Tsu-Sima, 30 fathoms, Seto-Uchi, 7 fathoms, Hakodadi, 7
fathoms (Adams).

Tadashige Habe (Feb. 25, 1950, personal communication) informed the writer that
specimens of this species have not been rediscovered. The Adams specimens are not in the
British Museum (G. L. Wilkins, Mar. 14, 1950, personal communication).

Subgenus Plectodon Carpenter, 1864

Plcctodon Carpenter, 1864, Suppl. Rept. British Assoc. 1863, p. 638 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 124 ;

1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 207; Dall, 1886, Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol.

XII, p. 299; Dall, 1903, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Philadelphia Trans., vol. Ill, pt. VI,

p. 1504
Type species by monotypy, P. scaber Carpenter, 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill,

p. 207. Recent Catalina Island to Lower California. PI. 6, figs. 6-8; Keen and Frizzell,

1939, West North American Pelecypod Genera, p. 12, fig. 6

Leiomya (Plectodon) scabra Carpenter
(PI. 6, fig. 6-8)

Plectodon scaber Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 638; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 124; 1866, Feb., Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 207; Conrad, 1869, Cat. Family Anatinidae, Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 58; Cooper, 1867, Cat. Geog. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5;
BuRCH, 1944, no. 38, p. 14; Burch, 1945, no. 45, p. 10; Schenck, 1945, Jour. Paleont.,
vol 19, no. 5, p. 519, pi. 67, figs. 1-4 same specimen as Keen and Frizzell, 1939, p. 12,
fig. 6

Leiomya (Plectodon) scaber (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 29; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 103, not
pi. 54, fig. 4; 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 34; Keen, 1937, p. 21;
Hertlein and Strong, 1946, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 31, pt. 3, p. 101

"Plectodon scaber, n.g. and n.s. Cat. Is. ; 2 similar valves, 40-60 fm." [Carpenter, 1864h,

P-611]

"Plectodon scaber, n.g., n.s. Shape of Theora: dorsal margins twisted-in spirally inside
umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, appressed. 2 r. valves, 40-60
fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 638]

The description of this species (Carpenter, 1866a) was copied by Oldroyd and will not
be repeated here except to complete the copy. The word "usque" should be included between
"oblique" and "ad" in line four of the Oldroyd copy.

Add:

"Hob. Catalina Island, two right valves, 40-60 fms. Cp.

"This very distinct genus has the aspect of Theora, and appears allied to Neaera. It is
probable that the cartilage was strengthened by an ossicle. The great peculiarity is the
twisting-in of the dorsal margin, which ascends the umbo in a very loose spiral." [Carpenter,
1866a, p. 207, 208]

80 ^rARIXE Moi.r.i'scA described rv r. p. carpenter

The holotype is broken. The external posterior area is encrusted with Bryozoa as are tne
dorsal and ventral margins of the interior. Carpenter originally had two right valves.

Holotype. — U. S. National Aluseum, 592441 (Cp. 1062). The specimen was on the original
Carpenter glass mount with the original label "Type Cp. 1062 Plectodon scaber, Cpr. Catalina
Is. Cooper." The number coincides with the original number of the State [California] Col-
lection which adds to the authenticity as type.

Distribution. — Catalina Island, 40-60 fathoms (type) ; Catalina Island, California, to
Santa Inez Bay, east coast of Lower California (Hertlein and Strong, 1946)

Family Astaktidae
Genus Astarte Sowerby, 1816

Astarte Sowerby, 1816, Mineral Conchology, vol. II, p. 85 for date see Newton 1891, p. 323;
Smith, E. A., 1881, Jour. Conch., vol. Ill, p. 196; Ball, 1921, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. XXVI, no. 1342, p. 933-951.

Type species by original designation, Venus scotica Maton and Rockett, 1807, Trans. Linn.
Soc, vol. VIII, p. 81, pi. II, fig. 3 = Astarte sulcata (da Costa), 1778, British Conch.,
p. 192. It seems as though Sowerby's statement-^ as to the type of the genus is definite
enough for a type designation. It is unnecessary to induce the designation of Stoliczka,
1871 (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 266). Recent. Nova Zembla, Norway, Great Britain to
Spain. Fischer, 1887, Man. de Conchyl., pi. XX, fig. 1 ; Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1912,
Res. Campagnes Sci. Albert I Prince de Monaco, Moll., fasc. XXXVII, p. 412-416

Astarte compacta Carpenter
(PI. 7, figs. 13-15A)

Astarte compacta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 642, 682; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 128, 168; 1865,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 57 "? compressa var." ; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 8; Smith, E. A., 1881, Jour. Conch., vol. Ill, p.
203, 226; Dale, 1903, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, no. 1342, p. 944, pi. LXIII, fig. 8;
1917, Nautilus, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 10; 1921, p. 29; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 104, pi. 2, f^g. 4 same
fig. as of Dale, 1903 ; 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 34, pi. 16, fig. 4 same
figs, as in Ball, 1903, and Oldroyd, 1924; Keen, 1937, p. 18; Burch, 1944, no. 39, p. 6;
1945, no. 45, p. 10

"Astarte compacta, n.s. Like compressa, but closer ; dorsal margins straight, at right angles."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 642]

The original description (1865e) has been reprinted by Oldroyd. The additional line of the
description should be added.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum piscavit Kennerley." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 57]

Correct in Oldroyd: Following "Long.", read "A" for .56".

Ball stated in 1921 tliat the species was rare.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4509, one double specimen

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Puget
Sound, Washington (Ball)

Family Crass.\tellid.\e
Genus Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924

Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Proc, vol. 49, p. 202

Type species by original designation, Crassatellites kingicola (Lanrirck), "Ann. Mus. Hist.

Nat. Paris, VI," (p. 408), Lamarck, 1835, Hist. Nat. An. s. Vert, 2d ed.. vol. VI, p. 109.

Living. King Island, Bass Strait, South Australia. Lamy, 1917, Jour, de Conchyl , vol

LXII, p. 205, pi. VI, fig. 1 ; Reeve, 1846,29 Conch. Icon., vol. 1, Crassatella, pi. 1, fig. 5

-^ ". . . are Venus Scotia, (which may be taken for the tyi>e of the Genus) . . " (Sowerby
1816, p. 85)

2" No date on pages. Bate taken from last dated previous page.

PELECYPODA 81

Eucrassatella fluctuata (Carpenter)
(PI. 7, figs. 5-7)

Astarte fluctuata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 642; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 128; 1866, Feb., Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 209; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 8; Tryon, 1872, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 24, p. 246;
Smith, 1881, Jour. Conch., vol. Ill, p. 231

Crassatcllites flnctuatns (Carpenter), Ball, 1921, p. 31; Oldroyd, 1924b, 109; Keen, 1937,
p. 20

Crassatella fluctuata (Carpenter), Burch, 1944, no. 39, p. 8; 1945, no. 45, p. 11

Eucrassatella fluctuata (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Prof. Paper 207, p. 81, pi. 31, figs. 1-8
"? Astarte flucttmta, n.s. Cat. Is.; 2 similar valves; 40 fm. (Very like the Crag fossil,

A. omaria, jun. ; but Dr. Cooper considers it a Crassatella.)" [Carpenter, 1864b,_p. 611]

"? Astarte fluctuata, n.s. Very close to Omalii, jun. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v. 30-40

fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 642]

Oldroyd reprinted the major portion of the original description. The following original
lines should be added to complete her copy :

"Long. 0.33, lat. 0.26, 0.10.

"Hah. Catalina Island, 30-40 fm. Cooper.

"Only dead right valves having been found, it is not known whether this species be an
Astarte (according to Messrs. Adams and Hanley) or an abnormal Crassatella. It scarcely
differs from the young of Astarte omalia, from the Coralline Crag." [Carpenter, 1866a, p.
209]

The holotype is mounted on the original glass with label by Carpenter in white ink "fluc-
tuata, Cpr. Cp. 1060 Catalina Is. (Cooper), type 'Cooper'."

Holotype.— v. S. National Museum, No. 1060 (California State Collection, No. 1060)
Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California, 30-40 fathoms (type) ; Santa Barbara
Islands, to San Pedro, California (Burch). Lower Pleistocene. California (Woodring, Bram-
lette, and Kew)

"Crassatella marginata Carpenter"

"Crassatella marginata Cptr. Californ." Paetal, 1890, Calatoguder Conchilien-Sammlung,
pt. 3. p. 139 fide Lamy, 1917; Orcutt, 1915, Molluscan World, p. 13. 60

? Crassatcllites marginata "Cpr.", Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 179; Lamy, 1917, Jour,
de Conchyl., vol. LXII, p. 204 footnote

The name Crassatella marginata Carpenter is a nomen nudutn. Therefore, it is difficult to
determine just what the various authors meant unless they followed Keep. See Burch (1944,
no. 39, p. 9) for notes on the name. The writer separates the references in Keep as the foun-
dation of a valid specific name with Keep as the author. The test will be if there is a species
of Crassatella in the California fauna which needs this berth. Keep and others must have had
some specimen to whicli they were applying Carpenter's ms. name.

Crassatella marginata Keep

Crassatella marginata "Cpr.", Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 179

? Crassatellites margarita Carpenter, Jordan, 1924, So. California Acad. Sci., Bull., vol.

XXIII, pt. 5, p. 153 probable error for "marginata"
Crassatellites marginata "Carpenter," Kelsey, 1905, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol.

1, no. 2, p. 38; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 73

Keep published a brief description adequate to validate the specific name if specimens are
available to determine what Keep had in mind. The specific name must be credited to Keep
and not to Carpenter. A type should come from specimens which Keep used at the time of
his edition of 1887, but apparently those are not available. According to Mr. Joshua Baily
(March 9, 1950, personal communication) they may turn up in the Baker-Kelsey Collection
at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography at La Jolla.

82 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIHKI) BY P. P. CARPENTER

Family Carditidae

Genus Glans Alergerle von Miihlfcld. 1811

(Cardita Bruguiere, 1792, in part)

Glans Mergerle von Muhlfeld, 1811, Gesell. Natur. Freunde Berlin, Mag., year 5, p. 68
Type species by monotypy Glans trapesia (Linnaeus), 1767, Syst. Nat., 12 ed., p. 1138 as

Cliama; Recent. Mediterranean. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Doi.lfus, 1892, Moll.

Marins du Rousillon, vol. 2. pi. 38, figs. 21-25 ; Cossmann and Peyrot, 1912, Act. Soc.

Linn. Bordeaux, vol. LXVI, Conch. Neog. de I'Aquitaine, t. II, liv. 1, p. 31, fig. hinge

Glans subquadrata (Carpenter)

(I'l. 7. figs. 1-4)

Lazaria suhquadrafa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 627, 642; Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 113. 128; 1865,

Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., scr. 3. vol. XV. p. 178; Reprint, 1872. p. 280; Cooper, 1867, Geog.

Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 9; Keep, 1887, 1892 West Coast Shells, p. 179, fig.

152; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p. 190; Arnold, 1903, p. 129
Cardita (Cardifamcra) suhquadrafa (Carpenter). Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol.

8, p. 549; Ball, 1903 (page date 1902), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 54, pt.

4. p. 707
Cardita subquadrata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 31 section Carditamera; Oldroyd, 1924,

Pub Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 35. Not C. subquadrata Conrad, 1847, Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 3, p. 298 or Gabb, 1860, Acad., Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

Jour. ser. 2, p. 303; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 110
Cardita {Carditamera) Carpentcri Lamy, 1922, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. LXVI, p. 264, new

name
Glans (Glans) carpentcri (Lamv) Keen, 1937, p. 21; BuRcn, 1944, no. 39, p. 11; 1945, no.

45, p. 11
Glans minuscula Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 277. new name, see also for additional synonymy;

Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 73, fig. 39
Glans subquadrata (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,

Prof. Paper 207, p. 82

Since the original name given by Carpenter was Lazaria subquadrata. the new name car-
pentcri is not necessary unless the Cardita subquadrata Conrad (1847, p. 298) or Cardita sub-
quadrata Gabb, 1860, p. 303 = C. pcraiitiquata Conrad (1865, p. 8) is placed in Glans or
"L." subquadrata Carpenter is defined as Cardita. In that case Lamy's name is available.
Glans minuscula Grant and Gale (1931) is superfluous.

"Lazaria subquadrata, n.s. Hinge of Lazaria: outside like Cardita varicgata, jun." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 642]

The copy of the description of 1865 and translation has been given by Oldroyd. The fol-
lowing original lines make the copy complete :

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jcwctt) ; Monterey, and along the coast to S. Pedro (State Coll.
no. 403) (Cooper).

"The outside of this remarkable little species is typically carditoid ; the hinge is intermed-
iate Ijetween Lazaria and Cypricardia." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 178]

Correct in Oldroyd (1924b) : "Lat., .23" to read "lat., .25"

The types in the U. S. Nat. Museum consist of two double valves. The label states, "Type
Monterey Cooper cp. 403." Such notes identify the specimens as the second locality listed in
the original description (see above), and, therefore, limits the type locality to Monterey. The
type locality of Santa Barbara as given by Oldroyd (copied by Burch, 1944) would pertain
to the Jewett specimen, which is not consistent with the first part of Oldroyd's note in regard
to the type. The California .State Collection, no. 403, refers to Cooper's specimen from Mon-
terey, California. Since the first-mentioned specimens, Santa Barbara, are not to be found,
and the Monterey types are, circumstances settle the matter of the election of a type locality.

On the type label there is also marked "Type Neeah Bay J. G. Swann." This notation
may refer to the specimen which Carpenter listed (1864b, p. 627). The label has been crossed
off, indicating that it does not belong to the present specimen in the box. The number "Cp.
403" is also numbered 15551, 14783, 16233, stipulating U. S. Nat. Museum c(|uivalent num-
bers. The Cp. 403 refers to Monterey, with no mention of Santa Barbara.

PELECYPODA

83

The tj'pes have a well-impressed lunule and escutcheon. There are a ix)sterior and an an-
terior lateral in the right valve and a central and posterior cardinal.

Syntypcs.—U. S. National Museum, No. 15681 ("California State Coll. 403")
Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Queen Charlotte Islands to Todos
Santos Bay, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Grant and Gale, 1931; Ar-
nold, 1903; Chace and Chace, 1919) Mexico (Jordan, 1926). Pliocene (Woodring and
Bramlette, 1950)

Genus Miodontiscus Dall, 1903

lifiodon Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 611, 627, 642; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 113, 128; 1864d, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 424; Reprint, 1872, p. 236; Dall, 1903 (page
date 1902), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 54, pt. 4, p. 700, 711. Not Miodon
DuMERiL, 1859, or Miodon Sandberger, 1871 (see Neave, 1939-40)

Miodontisnis Dall, 1903, April, Nautilus, vol. 16, no. 12, p. 143; 1903, Oct., Wagner Free
Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. VI, p. 1417, substitute name for Miodon Car-
penter; Chavan, 1937, C.R.S. Soc. Geol. France, no. 10, p. 122

Type species by original designation-''^ M. prolongatus Carpenter (1864b, p. 627). Recent.

West Coast United States, Alaska, to San Diego, California (PI. 8, figs. 1-7)

Miodontiscus prolongatus (Carpenter)

(PI. 8, figs. 1-7)

Miodon prolongatus Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 611, 627, 642, 682; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 113,

128, 168; 1864, Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 424; Reprint, 1872, p. 236:

Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Geol. Sur. California, p. 9; Stearns, 1891, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 13, p. 217, pi. 16, figs. 7, 9 hinge of fig. 7 not accurate
J'cncricardia (Miodon) prolongatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1903 (page date 1902), Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 54, pt. 4, p. 700, 711
l\'ucricardia (Miodontiscus) prolongatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 32; Oldroyd, 1924b,

p. 115, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6; 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 36, pi. 16, figs. 5,

6
Cardita (Miodontiscus) prolongata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 276
Cardita prolongata Carpenter, Keen, 1937, p. 19; Smith and (jOrdon, 1948, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 172
Miodontiscus prolonqatus (Carpenter), Chavan, 1937, C.R.S. Soc Geol. France, no. 10,

p. 122; BuRCH, 1944, no. 39, p. 17; 1945, no. 45, p. 11

"Miodon prolongatus. (Neeah Baj', Szvan.) Identified from tracing only." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 611]

"Miodon prolongatus, n. subg., n.s. Several valves of this curious shell, intermediate be-
tween Lucina and Vencricardia, accord with forms not before eliminated, from the Coralline
Crag and Inferior Oolite." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627]

"Miodon prolongatus, n.g., n.s. Outside Lucinoid ; hinge and scars nearer to Vencricardia.
Congeneric with Astartc orbicularis, J. Sby. Min. Conch, pi. 444. f. 2, 3 (non ejusdem, pi. 520,
f. 2). G. Oolite; and with the Crag Cardita corbis." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 642]

A copy of the description (Carpenter, 1864d) has been published by Oldroyd. The follow-
ing should be added to complete that copy: "Long. .23, lat. .24, alt. .16."

Four specimens at the Redpath Museum are labelled "type" in Carpenter's handwriting,
and they are on Carpenter's original mount. There are also five specimens in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum, no. 15472^1, also labelled "type" by Carpenter. Both suites have the label
"Neeah Bay Swan." The writer retains all the types as syntypes and therefore leaves a lecto-
type designation open in case the species is later thoroughly studied. It may then seem desir-

30 The writer considers the use of "n. subg. n.s." (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627) as an original
designation of type species (Opin. 7, Int. Rules Zool. Nomen.) rather than the type desig-
nated by monotypy, since Carpenter did bring into his discussion a second species. Either
method of type designation produces in this case the same type species for the genus.

3iStearns, (1891, p. 217) meant this number, but the figures were transposed in printing
to 15742.

S4 MARINE MOLLT'SCA DESCRIBED I!V P. V. CARPENTER

able to have one specimen as a lectotype, and by such study the most titting specimen can be

designated.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15472; Redpath Museum, no. 2377

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Middleton, Alaska, to San Diego,

California (.Dall). Pleistocene (see Grant and Gale, 1931; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew,

1946.)

Genus Axinopsida Keen and Chaven in Chavan, 1951
(= Axinopsis G. O. Sars, 1878, Moll. reg. Arct. Norvegiae, p. 63)

Axinopsida Keen and Chavan in Chavan, 1951, Comp. rend. Somm., Soc. Geol. France,

no. 12, p. 211, new name for Axinopsis Sars, 1878, Moll. reg. Arct. Norvegiae, p. 63
Type species by monotypy and original designation, Axinopsis orbiculata Sars, 1878, Moll.

reg. Arct. Norvegiae, p. 63. Recent. North Atlantic to Maine. Sars, 1878, AIoll. reg. Arct.

Norvegiae, pi. 19, hg. 11 a-d: Bush, 1883, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. VI, pi. IX, fig. 4
Axinopsis Sars is preoccupied by Axinopsis Tate (1868, see Neave, 1939-40) new name for

Schisodus King (1844, see Neave, 1939-1940)

Axinopsida serricata (Carpenter)

(PI. 7, figs. 16-18)

Cryptodon scrricatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 643 serricatiis ; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 129;

Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 9 scrricatus
Axinopsis sericatiis^- (Carpenter), Dale, 1901, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 23, n. 1237, p.
791, 819, pi. XL, fig. 2; Dale, 1921, p. 34; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station,
vol. 4, p. 38, pi. 26, fig. 4; Oldroyd, 19241j, p. 123, pi. 4, fig. 4; Burch, 1944, no. 39, p. 22;
1945, no. 45, p. 12
Axinopsis sericattts Keen, 1937, p. 18

"Cryptodon scrricatus, n.s. One living sp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602. Puget Sound, Dr.
Kennerley]

"Cryptodon scrricatus, n.s. Small circular, flat; epidermis silken. ? Cat. Is. Cp. 120 fm."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643]

There is some question as to the true type of this species. The first specimen which Car-
penter noted (1864b, p. 602) was a specimen collected by Dr. Kennerley from Puget Sound.
There is a question whether that shell is the one now labelled type in the U. S. National
Museum (no. 5249) and figured by Dall (1901b). That specimen is labelled, "Dr. Kennerly
[sic] Puget Sound." There are, however, in the Redpath Museum, two broken specimens la-
belled "type. Dr. Kennerly [sic] Puget Sound."

Carpenter did not give a complete description of this form, but with the few descriptive
words by Carpenter (see above) the locality is stated to be "? Catalina Island."

The Puget Sound specimens are not the primary types, but the questionable Catalina Is-
land specimen noted by Carpenter has not been found. The first locality mentioned (1864b,
p. 602) in connection with the specific name was Puget Sound. Therefore, it would seem
logical to designate as tlie lectotype a specimen which had been labelled by Carpenter and
collected from Puget Sound by the original discoverer. Dr. Kennerley. In the first mention
of the species. Carpenter wrote, "one living sp." Hence, there would be a question as to
which is the authentic original shell, one of those of the U. S. National Museum or of the
Redpath Museum. Since the Redpath Museum specimens are broken, the writer designates
the specimen figured by Dall (1901), U. S. National Museum, no. 5249, as the lectotype of
the species. There are three specimens under no. 5249. Dall (1901b explanation of pi. XL,
fig. 2) refers to the specimen as the type.

^-Opsis, Greek, feminine gender. Following Dall, tliis specific name has been incorrectly
written in the masculine when written with Axinopsis. Probably Carpenter when he stated
"epidermis silken" and named the species scrricatus [sic] meant the Latin word sericatus
("clothed in silken garments"). Hence, the original spelling of the specific name could be con-
sidered a lapsus and the name be corrected to sericatus as Dall did in 1921. Tlie reasoning op-
posed to this change is that Carpenter consistently spelled the specific name with two r's, and
Car])enter was also a Latin student.

PELECYPODA

85

Burch (1944, no. 39, p. 22) was justified in being puzzled over the diflferences, if any, be-
tween A. scrricata and A. viridis. Dall distinguished A. viridis as "orbicular" (1901b, p. 791)
and A. serricata as "ovate." However, Carpenter defined A. serricata as "circular," which
would confine his species in the realm of what Dall later called A. viridis. The lectotype of
A. serricata has about the same height as length, 4.5 mm. to 4 mm. Specimens in collections
identified as both or either species have the oblique form.

The two broken specimens in the Redpath Museum labelled "type" are wliite, smooth,
greenish, and lighter in the center. The U. S. National Museum shell marked "type" is
white and chalky. Either the McGill shells represent what Dall named A. viridis, or the color
diflFerence is not specific.

Lectotype.— \]. S. National Museum, no. 5249 (Dall, 1901b, pi. XL, fig. 2). Three speci-
mens of same number, including the lectotype, are labelled "type" in the U. S. National Mu-
seum ; two broken specimens labelled "type" are in the Redpath Museum.

Distribution.— Puget Sound, Washington (type). Aleutian Islands, south and east to
Puget Sound, Washington, and Catalina Island, California (Dall)

Family Dipi.odontidae

Genus Taras Risso, 1826

{Diplodonta Bronn, 1831)

Taras Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid., vol. 4, p. 344

Type species by monotypy, T. antiquatus Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid., vol. 4, fig.
167. Pliocene-Pleistocene. Trinite

Chavan (1952, p. 121) discussed the Taras-Diplodonta problem in detail and believed that
the type species of Taras should be rejected as a noinen diihium. Such a decision by the In-
ternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature would restore Diplodonta to usage.

Taras subquadratus (Carpenter)

Diplodonta subquadrata Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, 1855, pt. XXIII, p. 230;
Dall, 1921, p. 34

Taras subquadratus (Carpenter), Burch, 1944, no. 39, p. 24; 1944, no. 41, p. 20; 1945, no.
45, p. 12; Hertlein and Strong, 1947, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc., vol. 31, pt. 4,
p. 130; Durham, 1950, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 43, pt. II, p. 78, pi. 19, fig. 4, 14

This species was described from Mazatlan, and although the write up was not in the Ma-
zatlan Catalogue, the illustration of the holotype would properly belong as a supplement to
that work. Tlie synonymy is not meant to be complete.

Dall listed the species from Catalina Island. Burch (1945) gave the range from Santa
Monica, California, to Panama, but Hertlein and Strong limited the specific range to San
Ignacio Lagoon, Lower California, to Gorgona Island, Colombia, and the Galapagos. Dur-
ham (1950) reported the species from tlic upper Pliocene and Pleistocene of Lower Calif6r-
nia.

Family Lucixidae

Genus Lucina Bruguiere, 17973^'

Lucim Bruguiere, 1797, Encyl. Method., Tabl. Vers, pis. 284, 285, 286. For dates see Sher-

born and Woodward, 1906, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. XVII, p. 579
Type species by subsequent designation by Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 195 :

Venus jamaicensis [Spengler] Chemnitz, 1784, Conch. Cab., vol. 7, p. 24, pi. 39, figs.

408, 409. Living. West Indies. Reeve, 1850, Conch. Icon., Lucina, vol. 6, pi. II, fig. 7a, 7b

Stewart (1930) and Chavan (1937) presented a detailed discussion of the problem of the
nomenclature of Lucina. Chavan monographed the family (1937-1938, Vl pts.). He used

33Bruguiere names which would otherwise be nomina nnda (see Dodge, 1947a, p. 487;
1947b, p. 136; 1950, p. 68) are validated by the recommendation of the Int. Com. Zool.
Nomen., agreed by Int. Cong. Zool., Paris, 1948, that generic names published prior to Jan-
uary, 1931, on a legend of plate without expianatorv matter is to be treated as an "indica-
tion." (Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, pts. 10-12, 1950, p. 255.)

86 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Li< cilia Lamarck (1801) with Lucuia jamatcciisis Spengler (in Chemnitz) as the type species.
In 1952, he further analyzed the discrepancies in type designations for Lucina Bruguiere and
reaffirmed the type designation of Gray (1847). To settle the nonconformity in the use of
the type species of Lucina the validation of the type species should be established by the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.

Subgenus Here Gabb, 1866

Here Gabb, 1866, Geol. Sur. California, Paleontology, vol. II, sect. 1, pt. 1, p. 28

Type species by subsequent designation, Stoliczka, 1871, Pal. Indica, p. 251 Lucina (Here)

richthojeni Gabb, 1866, Pal. Geol. Sur. California, vol. II, p. 29 = L. excavata Carpenter,

1857a. Living. San Pedro, California, to Mazatlan, Mexico. Miocene = Recent, California.

Dall, 1901, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 23, p. 810, 827, pi. 40, figs. 7, 9; Chavan, 1937,

Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 81, p. 203, fig. 3, hinge

Lucina (Here) excavata Carpenter

Lucina excavata Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Moll., p. 98

Lucina (Here) Richthojeni Gabb, 1866, Geol. Sur. California, Paleontology, vol. II, sect.

l,p. 29, pi. 8, f^g. 49, a, b
Lucina (Here) excavata Carpenter, Hertlein, and Strong, 1946, Zoologica, New York Zool.

Soc., vol. 31, pt. 3, p. 113

For complete synonymy see Stewart (1930, p. 181) and Grant and Gale (1931, p. 290)

This species was described from Mazatlan by Carpenter and is now identified as ranging

as far north as San Pedro, California. The form is not illustrated herein because it properly

belongs with the illustration of the Mazatlan Catalogue. The holotype should be in the

British IMuseum (Natural History). The range of the species is stated under the subgenus.

Subgenus Parvilucina Dall, 1901

Parviluclna Dall, 1901. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 23, no. 1237, p. 806; Dall, 1903, Wag-
ner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. VI, p. 1362

Type species bv orginal designation, Lucina tcniiiscitlpta Carpenter, 1864, Suppl. Rept. Brit.
Assoc. 1863, p. 602, 611, 642; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 57.
Recent. Bering Sea to Lower California (pi. 8, fig. 8-12)

Lucina (Parvilucina) tenuisculpta (Carpenter)
(Pi. 8, figs. 8-12)

Lucina tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 611, 642; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 97. 128; 1865,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Proc, vol. 17, p. 57; Cooper, 1867, Geol. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 9; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 247; Arnold,
1903, p. 133; Keen, 1937, p. 21

Phacnides (Parvilucina) tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Dall, 1901, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
.23, no. 1237, p. 806, 828, pi. XL, fig. 5; Dall, 1921, p. 35; Dall, 1915, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 66, no. 2554, p. 23, pi. 20, fig. 5 ; Oldrovd, 1924, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta-
tion, vol. 4, p. 39, pi. 3, fig. 14; pi. 2,7, figs, la, lb; 1924h, p. 128, pi. 15, fig. 6; pi. 2,2,,
figs, la, lb

Phacoides tenuisculptus (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14,
no. 2, p. 264, pi. 19, figs, la, lb

Lucina (Myrtea) tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 288, section Parvilu-
cina, see for additional synonymy.

Lucina (Parznlucina) tenuisculpta (Carpenter), BuRCii, 1944, no. 40, p. 8; 1945, no. 45, p.
12; Abbott, 1954, p. 387, fig. 78h

"Lucina tenuisculpta. n.s. Two living specimens, of which one had the surface disinte-
grated." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, Vancouver district]

"Lucina tenuisculpta, S. Diego, living in 4 fm. (also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) Var., dead
in 120 fm. Cat. Is. (approaching L. Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat., no. 144)." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.
6111

"Lucina tenuisculpta, n.s. Like Mazallantica, Cat. 144, more convex, with finer sculpture.

4 fm. living, Cp. The island var. is intermediate. 120 fm. dead. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 642]

"L. t. 'A. Mazatlanicae' forma simili ; sed magis convexa sculptura multo tcnuiore; epi-

demide olivaceo-cinerea inducta ; t. juniore laevi ; postea, rugis incrementi concentricis, plus

minusve conspicuis, distantibus, irregularibus ; costulis radiantibus subobsoletis, latis, ere-

PF.LECYPODA 87

brioribus, anticc et postice evanidis ; area postica vix subquadrata, baud definita : intus, denti-
bus cardinalibus et lateralibus normalibus, satis extantibus ; Hgamento extcrno, elongate; ci-
catrice antica nornialiter prolongata ; margiiie crenulato. Long. .23, lat. .21, alt. .13.
"Hah. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 57]

Apparently Dall overlooked Carpenter's description (1865e) as Oldroyd also did in fol-
lowing Dall.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 5244.

Distribution. — Recent. Vancouver Island, B. C. (Kennerley) (type) ; Nunivak Island,
Bering Sea to tbe Coronado Island, California (Dall). Pleistocene and Pliocene (Grant and
Gale, 1931)

Family Leptoxidae

Genus Kellia Turton, 1822

{Chironia Deshayes, Rev. Zool, 1839, v. 2, p. 357)

Kellia Turton, 1822, Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum, p. 56

Type species by subsequent designation, Recluz^*, Rev. Zool. Cuv., vol. 7, 1844, p. 295,
KeUia snborbicularis (Montagu), 1803, Test. Brit., p. 39; 1808, pi. 26, fig. 6. Recent. Nor-
way to tbe Mediterranean. Turton, 1822, Conch. Ins. Brit., p. 56, pi. 11, figs. 5, 6; Forbes
AND Hanley, 1848, Hist. Brit. Moll., vol. 1, pi. XVHI, figs. 9, 9a, 9b; Howard, 1953,
p. 237, 238, figs. 2, 3

Carpenter (1864b, p. 643) identified West Coast specimens with this European species as
well as specimens of West Coast Lasaea (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643) with the European L.
rubra. Authors have followed Carpenter until recent writings. (Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 14).
Keen (1938, p. 25) separated the West Coast forms from the European.

Kellia laperousii^^ chironii Carpenter

(PI. 9, figs. 6-10)

Kellia var. Chironii Carpenter, 1864, p. 611, 627, 643; Reprint, p. 97, 113, 129; Dall, 1899,

U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XXI, p. 880
Kellia (Laperousii, var.) Chironii Carpenter, 1865, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 13, ser. 3, vol. 5,
p. 136; Reprint, 1872, p. 304; Gabb, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 9;
Tryon, 1872, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 24, p. 231 ; Keen in Burch, 1944,
no. 40, p. 14

"Kellia (var.) Chironii. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Szvan.)." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]

"Kellia (var.) Chironii. A few valves." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627]

"Kellia var. Chironii. Thinner, less transverse, margins rounded [Than K. laperojisii
Deshayes.]" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643]

"K.t. 'K. Laperousii' simili ; sed tenuiore, minus transversa, ventraliter excurvata ; epider-
mide pallidiore ; umboiiibus angustioribus ; dentibus multo minoribus, baud exstantibus. Long.
.76, lat. .62, alt. .41 poll. Hab. Neeah Bay, Sivan; San Pedro, Cooper.

"Cette variete est assez distincte de la forme typique du K. Laperousii ; mais la suite d'in-
dividus que j'ai eu occasion d'examiner comparativement m'a permis de me convaincre que
I'espece variat beaucoup." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 136]

There are three syntypes in the United States National Aluseum from "Neeah Bay, J. G.
Swann." They are presumably the specimens mentioned by Carpenter in his description
(1865g) first. They are figured herein to give original evidence in the determination of the
relationship of Kellia laperousii and the so-called "K. suborbicularis Montagu."

There is one good double specimen at the Museum of Comparative Zoology labelled
"Coll. J. G. Cooper 144 San Francisco."

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15460 (three specimens)

Distribution. — Neah Bay, ^^'ashington (type) ; San Diego, California (Carpenter) ; San
Francisco, California (Cooper) ; common (Burch)

Kellia rotundata Carpenter

Kellia rotundata Carpenter, 1864, p. 643 ; Reprint, 1872 p. 129 ; 1865, Jour. Conchyl., vol.
XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 137; Reprint, 1872, p. 305; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geog.

3*Winckworth (1934, p. 52)
35Deshayes, 1839 [1840], p. 357

88 MARINE MOT.LT'SCA DESCRTP.KD BY P. P. CARPENTER

Sur. California, p. 9; Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21, p. 880, synonymous
with K. laperousii Deshayes ; Keen in Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 14

"Kellia rotundata, n.s. Larger, flatter, and less pearly than suborbicxilaris. Margins cir-
cular." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643.]

"K. T. tenuissima, orbiculari, satis convexa, aequilaterali, laevi, epidermide subnitente,
pallida olivacea; unibonihus augustis, satis proinincntibus ; niargnibus oninino regiilariter ex-
curvatis : intus, dcntibus cardinalibus 2 tenuibus satis conspicuis, clavicula baud exstante ;
dentibus lateralibus satis elongatis. — Long. .6, lat., .5, alt. .28, poll.

Hab. Monterey, Taylor.

"Cette cspece est beaucoup plus grande, niais moins reiiflee que le A', suhorbicularis, et se
distinque facilement par sa forme presque compietement arrondie." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 137]

The type of this form has not been found. In the analysis of the West Coast Kellias this
species must be considered and as suggested by Keen the name is available if it is needed.

Genus Mysella Angas, 1877
(Rochefortia Velain,^^ 1877, not earlier than Nov.)
Mysella Angas, 1877, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, Aug., p. 176

Type species by monotypy M. anoiiiala Angas, 1877, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., pi. XXVI,
ug. Z2. Living. Australia

Mysella tumida (Carpenter)

(PI. 7, f^gs. 8-12)

TelUmya tumida Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 602, 611, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 97, 129; 1865,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 58; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.

Sur. California, p. 10; Tryon, 1872, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 24, p. 229
Mysella tumida (Carpenter), Dale, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21, no. 1177, p. 881,

892, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 7 type; Abbott, 1954, p. 397, fig. 80b same fig. as Dall, 1899
Rochefortia tumida (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 37; Oldroyd, 1924, p. 132, pi. 54, figs. 11-14;

1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 40; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 301, pi.

14, figs. 16, 17; Keen, 1937, p. 25; Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 15; no. 41, p. 20; Burch, 1945,

no. 45, p. 13

"TelUmya tumida, n.s. One sp. living." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, Vancouver district]
"Tcllimya tumida, S. Diego. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]
"Tellimva tumida, n.s. Between bidentata and substriata: ossicle minute." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 643]

"T. t. subtriangulari, subovata, laevi solidiore, tuniidiore, valde inaequilaterali ; cinerea
epidermide pallide olivacea, concentrice striata induta ; marginibus dorsalibus, subrectis, ven-
trali excurvato: intus, dentibus cardinalibus valva sinistra validissmis, curtis extantibus, pos-
tico longiore, valve dextra callositatibus marginalibus, dentibus nullis ; cartilagine validiore,
ossiculum parvum in medio gerente ; cicatricibus adductoribus a cardine valde remotis. Ixjng.
.155, lat. .125, alt. .06.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley ; apud Neeah Bay, Swan ;
prope San Diegonem, Cooi>er." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 58]

Although Dall, (1899), gave the reference to Carpenter's original description, he omitted
it in his 1921 summary. Oldroyd, following Dall, did not give the reference nor a copy of the
original description. Thus the impression is gained that Carpenter did not describe the species
in detail.

The holotype bears the label, "Puget Sound, Kennerley." The specimen is of both valves,
but the hinge of the right valve has a small obstruction in tiie umlxjnal area which photo-
graphed as a dark patch. The two cardinal tcctli in the left valve are conspicuously large for
the size of the shell.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 5242

seVelain, Ch. : 1876, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. [Paris], 83, July 24, p. 285 Rochefortia
australis nomcn nudum; Arch. Zool. ex]). gen Paris, vol. 6, 1877, p. 132 read Apr. 11, 1877
passed printing Nov. 12, 1877, title page 1878 fide Iredale, 1924, p. 207. Title page of volume
of copy in Cornell University Library is 1877. Librarian Zool. Soc. London, G. B. Stratton,
ascertained date of Angas as Aug. 1877 (Personal communications, Feb. 13, 1951).

PELECYPODA 89

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Shumagin Islands, Alaska, to
San Diego, California (Dall) ; to Scammons Lagoon, Lower California (Jordan, 1926).
Pleistocene. California (Grant and Gale), Mexico (Jordan 1926). Pliocene (Woodring and
Bramlette 1950)

Genus Pristes Carpenter, 1864 [1866]

(Pristiphora Carpenter, 1866a not Latreille, 1810; Serridens, Dall, 1899. For references see
Neave 1939^0.)

Pristes Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 611, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 129. Pristiphora Carpen-
ter, 1866a, p. 210 substitute for Pristes Carpenter, 1864b not Pristis Linck, 1790 (Pis-
ces). Serridens Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21, p. 880 substitute for Pristi-
phora Carpenter, 1866a, not of Latreille, 1810 (Hymenoptera) for reference see Neave
(1939-40).

Type species by monotypy Pristes oblongus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 643; Reprint, 1872,
p. 97, 129 nomen nudum, validated Carpenter, 1866a, p. 210. Recent. Monterey, California,
to San Hipolito Point, Lower California. (PI. 9, fig. 11-13).

Prior to the ruling of International Zoological Com., Copenhagen, 1953 (see Hemming,
1953, p. 78, Art. 34) Pristes Carpenter was considered preoccupied by Pristis Linck, 1790
(for reference see Neave, 1939-1940). Dall's Serrideiis, a substitute name for Carpenter's
substitute preoccupied name of Pristiphora Carpenter, has been used for Pristes oblongus
Carpenter.

Reinstating Pristes under the new ruling does not clear all technicalities as to the status
of the name. See under Pristes oblongus for original indication of the genus. The type species
is clearly stated. However, at the time of the presenting of the new generic name the type
species P. oblongus was a nomen nudum. The writer does not regard the second statement
(1864b, p. 643) adequate to describe the species (see Vokes, 1956, p. 768). In 1866a, the type
species was described in detail as Pristiphora oblonga by Carpenter who gave the generic
name as a substitute for Pristes. Because the problem does not involve generic names other
than substitutes for the same name, and because the type species was indicated as the same
in each case it seems best to maintain Pristes of either 1864 or 1866.

Pristes oblongus Carpenter

(PI. 9, figs. 11-13)

Pristes oblongus Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 611, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 129

Pristiphora oblonga Carpenter, 1866, Feb., California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 210;

Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 10
Serridens oblonga (Carpenter), Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21, no. 1177, p.

880; Kelsey, 1902, Nautilus, vol. 15, p. 144; Dall, 1921, p. Z7 ; Oldroyd, 1924, p. 135,

pi. 54, figs. 5, 6, 7, 8; Keen, 1937, p. 25; Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 16; 1945, no. 45, p. 13

"Pristes oblongus, n.g., n.s. S. Diego." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]

"Pristes oblongus, n.g., n.s. Like Telliinxa, with long marginal teeth, serrated near hinge."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643]

Oldroyd included in her monograpli a copy of the description of 1866. The following
line should be added to complete that copy :

"Hah. San Diego; 1 worn valve among shell washings. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p.
210]

A specimen in the U. S. National Museum (no. 15592) on the original Carpenter glass
mount has a Carpenter label in white ink, "Type S. Pedro. Cooper." This does not coincide
with the original notes of Carpenter which gave the locality as San Diego only. Carpenter
listed the species from "D" (1864b, p. 643) which stood for the "region between San Diego
and San Pedro." This interpretation may account for the interchange of places in the local-
ity names.

Another specimen marked "type S. Diego Hemphill" in Carpenter's writing is in the
Redpath Museum (no. 15372). The locality is right for the type locality, but the collector is
wrong. Hemphill collections were made after Cooper. The specimen is the same valve and
same dimensions as the specimen in the U. S. National Museum. Neither specimen qualifies

90 MARINE MOT.LTTSCA DESCRTBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

for the holotj'pe because part of the data given by Carpenter for each specimen is erroneous.
The writer chooses the specimen U. S. National Museum, no. 15592 as the lectotype and
the Redpath Museum specimen as a lectoparatype. The Redpath Museum specimen was found
by Vicente Conde and sent to tlie writer during the editing of the manuscript.

Kelsey (1902) apparently misunderstood a portion of Ball's notes to him, for it was
Cooper who found the shell and not Carpenter. Carpenter was never on the Pacific Coast.

Lccfotyt^e. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15592; lectoparatype, Redpath Museum, no.
15372

Distribution. — San Pedro to San Diego, California [San Pedro] (type) ; Alonterey,
California, to San Hipolito Point, Lower California (Burch)

Genus Pseudopythina Fischer, 1878

Pscitdopythina Fischer, 1878, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 32, ser. 4, t. II, p. 178
Type species by monotypy, P. Mac-Andrczvi Fischer, 1867, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XV, p.
194, pi. IX, fig. 1. Recent. Northern Spain and southwestern France. Portugal

Pseudopythina rugifera (Carpenter)
(PI. 9, figs. 1-5)

Pythina rugifera Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 129; 1865, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 57; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 9; Tryon, 1872, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 24, p. 233

Lepton rude (Dall ms.), Whiteaves, 1880, Rept. Progress Geol. Sur. Canada, 1878-79, p.
198B, fig. 2

Erxcina (Pseudopythina) rugifera (Carpenter), Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol. 21,
no. 1177, p. 880, 887, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 4

Pseudopythina rugifera (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. Z7 \ Oldroyd, 1924, p. 136, pi. 15, fig. 9
= pi". 38, fig. 8, pi. 38, fig. 9 = Dall, 1899, pi. 87, fig. 4; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 40, pi. 27, figs. 8, 9; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells,
(Keep) p. 78, fig. 49 = Dall, 1899, pi. 87, fig. 4; Keen, 1937, p. 25; Abbott, 1954, p.
395, fig. 80a, same fig. as Dall, 1899

Pseudopythina compressa Oldroyd, 1924, not Dall, 1899, pi. 11, fig. 11 noted by Willett
AND Keen in Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 17; Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 17; no. 41, p. 20; Burch,
1945, no. 45, p. 13

"Pythina rugifera, n.s. Two living sp. Intermediate between Pythina and KcUia." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 6021

"Pythina rugifera. n.s. Large, thin, slightly indented; tcetli minute; epidermous shaggy."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643]

"P. t. majore, tenuissima, valde transversa, subquadrata, vix inaequilaterali ; lineis incre-
menti ct epidcrmide rugosa, confertissime laminata, ornata ; umbonibus latis, valde prominen-
tibus, antice flutentibus ; marginibus, dorsalibus satis regulariter excurvatis, regione postica
pauluin niajorc; vcntrali planato, sen medio concavo : intus, cardine maxime delicatulo; dcnte
cardinali uno minore, clavicnla antica laterali inconspicua ; iaterali postico nullo. Long. .77,
lat. .44, alt. .3.

"Hab. In sinu Pugctiano specimena duo, (quorum unum fractuni,) piscavit Kennerley.

"Inter Pythinas typicas et Kellias locum tenet." [Cari>enter, 1865e, p. 58.]

From the character of the type, which is concave in the midventral line, Willett and Keen
(Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 17) are correct in believing that Oldroyd was figuring P. rugifera in
the reference, (PI. 11, fig. 11)

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4445 (two specimens)

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Craig, Alaska, to San Bartholome,
Lower California (Willett in Burch, 1944). Commensal with Upogebia pugettensis
(Dana) (ghost shrimp) and on the sea mouse, Aphrodita.

Genus Lepton, Turton, 1822

Lepton TuRTON, 1822, Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum, p. 61, pi. 6, figs. 1-3
Type species by subsequent designation, Hkrmannsen, 1846, Indicis Gen. Malacozoorum,
vol. 1, p. 584; .Solen squanw.uis Moxtagl\ 1803, Test. Brit., t. 2, p. 565; Recent. Brit-
ish Isles, Turton, 1822, Conchylia Insularum llritannicarum, pi. 6, figs. 1-3.

PELECYPODA 91

Lepton meroeum Carpenter
(PL 10, figs. 12, 13)
Lepton mcrocuin Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 643; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 129; 1866, Feb.,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 210; Cooper, 1867, Geol. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 9; Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21, p. 879; 1921, p. 38;
Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 137; Keen, 1937, p. 21; Burch, 1944, no. 40, p. 19, fig. p. 12 holo-
type; 1945, no. 45, p. 13; Schenck, 1945, Jour. Paleont, vol. 19, no. 5, pi. 66, fig. 8
holotype

"Lepton meroeum, n.s. S. Diego." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]

"Lepton meroeum, n.s. Small, shaped like Siiiiapfa." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 643]

"L. t. parva, snbplanata, Meroae-formi ; transversa, marginibus omnino excurvatis ;

antice valde producta ; umbonibus acutis, prominentibus ; dent. card. (V. sinistr. ) uno,

celato ; lat. ant. prominente, post, subobsoleto ; fossa cartilaginali angusta ; cic. adduct. re-

motis.

"Long. 0.11, lat. 0.08, alt. 0.03.

"Hah. San Diego, 1 broken valve among shell washings. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p.

210]

The holotype is a broken specimen in the U. S. National Museum, mounted on an
original Carpenter glass and bearing a label in his handwriting, "Type- San Diego
Cooper."

From Carpenter's original description quoted above, one notes that the holotype was
broken originally. Additional breakage has occurred since Carpenter.

Dall overlooked Carpenter's original description (1866a). This was unfortunate, as
Oldroyd, following Dall, missed the reference also.

Because the holotype is in bad condition good illustrations of it have not been made.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15591

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type) ; San Pedro to San Diego, California
(Oldroyd) ; Puget Sound, Washington (Keen, 1937)

Lasaea subviridis Dall

Lasaea rubra subviridis "Carpenter," Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc, vol. 21. no. 1177,

p. 881, Lower California
Lasaea subviridis Dall, Keen, 1938, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 23, pt. I, p. 29, 30,

pi. 2, figs. 1-6, California and Lower California

The name used by Dall was a ms. name of Carpenter and therefore has only validity
as of Dall.

Family Cardiidae
Genus Nemocardium Meek, 1876

Nemocardium Meek, 1876, U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., v. 9, p. 167; Keen, 1937, Bull. Musee

Roy. d'Hist. nat. Belgique, t. XIII, no. 7, 22 p.
Type species by subsequent designation, Sacco, 1899, I. Aloll. Liguria, pt. 27, p. 56, Card-

ium semiaspcrnm Deshayes, 1860, Desc. An. sans Vert. Basin, Paris, v. 1, p. 573, pi.

55, figs. 1, 2. Eocene. Paris Basin. Cossmaxn and Pisarro, 1904, Icon. Coq. Eoc. Env.

Paris, pi. 19, figs. 72-7; Deshayes, 1860, Desc. An. sans Vert. Basin Paris, t. 1, Atlas,

pi. 55, figs. 1-2

For discussion of the range of the genus, see Keen (1950, p. 23-29; 1954, p. 10)

Subgenus Keenaea Habe, 1951
Keenaea Habe, 1951, Genera of Japanese Shells : Pelecypoda, no. 2, p. 152

Type species by original designation, Cardium sainarangac MAKIYA^[A, 1934, Mem. Coll.
Sci., Kyoto Univ., ser. B, vol. X, no. 2, p. 143 new name for C. modcstum Adams and
Reeve, 1850, Zool. "Samarang," no. 7, p. 77 not C. modestum Philippi, 1948 [1849]
Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, p. 142, Recent. Japan. Adams and Reeve, 1850, Zool.
Samarang, p. 77, pi. 22, fig. 6

Nemocardium (Keenaea) centifilosum (Carpenter)

(PI. 10, fig.s. 7-11)

Cardium var. centifilosum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 642; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 128; 1866,

92 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

California Acad. Sci., vol. Ill, p. 209, Fuhna or Lacvicardium ?; Cooper, 1867, Geog.

Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 8
Protocardia centifilosa (Carpenter) Dall, 1900, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Philadelphia,

Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1114; 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 33, p. 391; Arnold,

1903, p. 142; Dall, 1921, p. 40; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 146, pi. 34, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d same

pi. as Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, pi. 20, figs. 2a, 2b,

2c, 2d
Cardium (Protocardia) centifilosum (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub.

Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, p. 267, pi. 20, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d
Lacvicardium (Neynocardium) centifilosxim (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 311,

pi. 19, figs. 9, 10, see for additional synonymy
Nciiwcardiuin centifilosum (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 23; BuRCii, 1944, no. 41, p. 27;

1945, no. 45, p. 14
Cardium (Nemocardium) centifilosum (Carpenter), Hertlein and Strong, 1947, Zool-

ogica. New York Zool. Soc, vol. 31, pt. 4, p. 141
Pratulum (?) centifilosum (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette and Kew, 1946, U. S.

Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 85, 90, pi. 33, figs. 10, 11
Nemocardium (s.g.A.) centifilosum (Carpenter), Keen, 1950, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XC,

no. 1, p. 29
Nemocardium ( Keenaea) centifilosum (Carpenter), Keen, 1954, Bull. Amer. Paleont.,

vol. 35, no. 153, p. 11

"Cardium {? vtodestum, var.) centifilosum. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm." [The differences be-
tween this and the Eastern Pacific shell are probably only varietal.] — [Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 6in

"Cardium var. centifilosum. Probably = Modestum, Ad. & Rve. ; but rounder, riijs
sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fulvia, Gray. 30-40 fm. Cp." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 642]

"Cardium (? modestum, var.) centifilosum, Cpr. State Collection 381.

"C. t. parva, tenuissima. inflata, subquadratim rotundata ; umbonibus augustis, tumi-
dioribus ; marginibus, dorsalibus subalatis, antico et ventrali aequaliter rotundatis, postico
vix truncato, tota superficie, (nisi umbonibus et dorsum versus utroque latere laevibus,)
tenue lirata; liris circ. centum, quoad magnitudinem extantibus, augustis; interstitiis sub-
aequalibus, subquadratis, interdum punctato — decus satis ; parte postica a linea definita,
lirulis minus conspicuis, laminis concentricis extantibus, crebrioribus eleganter exasperata ;
intus, dent. card, validioribus, lat. subdistantibus ; cic. adduct. ovalibus, haud imprcssis.

'Tong. 0.51, lat. 0.48, alt. 0.34.

"Hah. (modestum) Quelpart Island, China .Seas, and Japan; A. Adams.

"(Centifilosum) Monterey, 20 fms. alive; Santa Barbara 1, Catalina Island, 40 fm.
Cooper.

"Rounder than C. modestum. Ad. & Rve., with fewer and sharper ribs; but the East-
ern shells vary, and Mr. Adams considers them conspecific." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 209]

Carpenter's description of this species was one of many wliich Dall overlooked and
which other authors have neglected to refer to.

The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum. It is a double specimen and is accom-
panied by an original Carpenter label, "Catalina Id. Cooper Cp. 631." The locality of this
type indicates Catalina Island as the type locality in place of Monterey as frequently quoted.
The types from Monterey and Santa Barbara have not been found.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15262

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island (type) ; Farallon Islands to Lower California
(Hertlein and Strong). Pleistocene (Keen, 1954). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribu-
tion

Family Veneridae
Genus Ainiantis Carpenter, 1864

Amiantis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 540, 553, 620, 640, 665: Reprint. 1872, p. 22, 26, 39,
106, 126, 151; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 177; Reprint, 1872, p.
279

Type species by monotypy A. callosa (Conrad), 1837, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour.,
vol. 7, p. 252. Recent. San Pedro, Calif., to Gulf of Tehuan tepee. Palmer, 1929, Pa-
leont. Amer., vol. I, no. 5, pi. XVI, figs. 22-24

Genus Macrocallista Meek, 1876

Macrocallisfa Meek, 1876, U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr., vol. IX, p. 179; Palmer, 1927, Pa-
leont. Amer., vol. I, no. 5, p. 73, 79

TELECYPOnA 93

Type species by moriotypy Venus giyaniea Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat., 13 ed., t. VI, p. 3282
= Venus nimbosa [Humphrey^^], 1786, Portland Cat., p. 175. Living. Cape Hatteras,
North Carolina, to Florida Keys and west to Texas.^s Pliocene. Caloosahatchee beds,
Florida; Pleistocene. North Carolina and Florida. Palmer. 1929, Paleont. Amer., vol.
I, no. 5, pi. X, fig. 15; pi. XIII, figs. 1, 4; pi. XIV, fig. 18; Clench, 1942, Johnsonia,
no. 3, p. 6, pi. 4

Macrocallista brevisiphonata (Carpenter)

Saxidomus brcznsiphonatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 607, 641, Reprint, 1872, p. 93, 127; 1865,
Feb. 14, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1865, p. 203; Reprint 1872, p. 251; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 8; Stearns, 1900, Nautilus, vol. 14, no. 1,
p. 1; Ball, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, 26, no. 1312, p. 408; Tomlin, 1923, Nautilus,
vol. 27, p. 26

Macrocallista chishinmn-a Pilsery, 1905, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. LVII,
p. 118, fide ToMLiN, 1923, Nautilus, vol. 37, no. 1, p. 26

Callista brevisiphonata (Carpenter), Habe, 1955, Pub. Akkeshi Mar. Biol. Sta., no. 4, p.
12, pi. 3, figs. 7, 8 see for synonymy and distribution

As suggested by Carpenter, and finally confirmed by J. R. Le B. Tomlin through ex-
amination of the type in the British Museum, this species is a Japanese form. Tomlin iden-
tified it as Macrocallista chishiniana Pilsbry (1905), in which case Pilsbry's name would
fall in synonymy. Carpenter seemed certain of the absence of a lunule on the shell he des-
cribed. Lack of such a character would exclude the species from Macrocallista and hence
would eliminate the species from M. chishimana. However, in the identification of Macro-
callista by Tomlin one would assume that the shell had a lunule.

Genus Compsomyax Stewart, 1930

Compsomyax Stewart, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Pub. no. 3, p. 224,

subgenus of Venerella
Type species by original designation, Saxidomus gibbosus Gabb, 1869, = {Compsomyax

subdiaphana (Carpenter)]. Recent. Alaska, to Santa Barbara Islands, California.

Pliocene — Recent. California. Stewart, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Pub.,

no. 3, pi. 14, fig. 6, Saxidomus gibbosus Gabb, lectotype. (pi. 10, figs. 1-6 [C 'Sub-

diaphana (Carpenter)]
Distribution of the Genus. — PMiocene — Recent. West Coast.

Compsomyax subdiaphana (Carpenter)
(PI. 10, figs. 1-6)

IClementia subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 607, 640; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 93, 126;

1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 56; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 7; Dall, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 14, no. 849,

p. 185, pi. VII, figs. 5, 6; Williamson, 1893, Nautilus, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 116; Jukes-

Browne, 1914, Alalacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 11, p. 78
Marcia {Venerella) subdiaphana (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol.

26, no. 1312, p. 397
Callista subdiaphana (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 144, pi. XIII, fig. 4; Arnold, 1907,

U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 2,2, no. 1545, p. 544, pi. XLIX, fig. 3 as Callista
dementia obliqua Jukes-Browne, 1913, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. XII, p. 59,

pi. 1, figs. 1, 2; Dall, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 27, no. 9, p. 103; Jukes-Browne, 1914,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. XIII, p. 338 _
Marcia subdiaphana, (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14,

no. 2, p. 268, pi. 19, fig. 3; Dall, 1921, p. 42, section Venerella; Oldroyd, 1924. Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 47, pi. 27, fig. 1 ; pi. 2i7, fig. 4 same fig. as

Packard, 1918, pi. 19, fig. 3 ; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 155, pi. 38, fig. 1 same fig. as

Oldroyd, 1924a, pi. 27, fig. 1 ; pi. 22,, fig. 3 same fig. as Packard, 1918, pi. 19, fig. 3,

section Venerella
Venerella (Compsomyax) subdiaphana (Carpenter), Stewart, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, Spec. Pub., no. 3, p. 224; in part, illustrated specimen is of Saxidomus

gibbosus Gabb, lectotype

2^See Wilkens (1955, p. 87, 88, pi. 17, figs. 16-17) for discussion of Venus nimbosa
[Humphrey], 1786 versus Solander, 1786, and designation of lectotype of Venus nimbosa
[Humphrey].

38Vicente Conde of Cardenas, Cuba, in extensive shell collecting on that island, never
obtained this species. He doubts the Cuban record (Personal communication).

94 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

dementia {Comfsomyax) suhdiaphmw (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 334, pi. 17,

figs. 10a, 10b, ? 15, see for additional synonj-my
Compsomxa^ suhdiaphmia (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 19; Keen and Bentson, 1944,

Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper no. 56, p. 38, 105, 118; Burch, 1944, no. 42, p. 11; 1945,

no. 45, p. 15; Hertlein and Strong, 1948, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 33,

pt. IV, p. 191 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,

p. 174; Abbott, 1954, p. 411, pi. 31f ; fig. 81a, b, .same figs, as Dale, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc., vol. 14, no. 849, p. 185
Kathcrinella (Covtpso)nyax) aff. K. subdiapliana (Carpenter), Woodring, 1938, U. S.

Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 190, p. 11, 54, pi. 6, fig. 12, lower Pliocene. See for additional

references for fossil occurrence
Kathcrinella {Compsomyax) subdiapliana (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew,

1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 84. 90, 93, pi. 33, fig. 7-9. Pleistocene. Palos

Verdes Hill, California

"Clementin subdiapliana, n.s. Very rare, living. Intermediate between Clcmentia
proper and the prora group of thin Callistae." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602J

"dementia subdiapliana, Vane. Is., Forbes. One broken sp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 607]

"? Clcmentia subdiapliana, n.s. Hinge normal, very thin, ashy." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 640]

" ? C. t. ovali, quoad genus valde transver.sa, tumida, tenuissima ; pallide cinerea, epi-
dermide pallide straminea ; subdiapliana, sed subcalcarea, baud porcellana ; lacvi, nisi
striis incrementi ; baud lunulata, umbonibus satis prominentibus : intus, valva dextra,
dentibus anticis duobus acutis, contiguis, elevatis, postico elongato, acuto, bifido, ligamento
parallelo; valva sinistra dentibus anticis duobus umbonem versus junctis, acutis, di-
vergentibus, postico elongato, acuto, simplici ; sinu pallii, ut in Dosinia, ajigusto, angulato,
per dimidium interstitii umbones verses porrecto. Long. .72, lat. .58, alt. .34.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina quaedam, plerumque juniora, piscavit Kennerley:
ex insula Vancouver, specimen fractum portavit Forbes.

"Textura Lucinopsei convenit ; cardine, Clementiae ; forma, Saxidomo squalido juniori."
[Carpenter, 1865e, p. 56]

Dall (1892) gave a detailed description and figured an adult shell of this species from
Alaska. Carpenter's type was a young shell. The holotype is a double shell in the U. S. Nat.
Museum, with the label," ? dementia subdiapliana Cpr. Type. Puget Sound. Dr. Kennerly."

Woodring (1938, p. 54) doubted that the above type was the holotype, because he con-
sidered that the measurements of the specimen did not coincide with those given by Carpen-
ter. However, the measurements correspond so closely^s that that factor does not seem valid.
Woodring designated the type specimen as a lectotype. Since there is no other specimen
which can qualify in the type catagory of this species, the U. S. National Museum, no. 4541
specimen remains the type regardless of what strict term is used.

The type is not in the British Museum, as Stewart (1930, p. 225) presumed. The following
data regarding type material were furnished by G. L. Wilkins of the Department of Zoology,
British Museum :

"I have searched for Clcmentia subdiaplnnia, Carpenter, but all we have is a specimen
attached to a bright blue label (one of several such in the Cuming Coll.) with a printed state-
ment 'named from the type specimen in theSmithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.,' the
name is written in M.S.S. with the locality 'Puget Sound.' "

The above cannot be included in syntypic material. It is one of the many thousands of
specimens sent from the Smithsonian in the 1860's and 1870's with that standard label to the
molluscan departments of the institutions of the world. If, as in some cases, ro original ma-
terial exists, such specimens will be useful from which to choose a "neotype."

Stewart united the fossil Saxidomus gibbosus Gabb, 1869, with this species, and Grant and
Gale reported the species back to the Pliocene and ix)ssibly Miocene. They did not believe in
an identity with Pilar orcgonesis (Conrad) which had been suggested. The general pitaroid
form of various species suggests identity, but often such apparent similarities are mislead-

^'' Carpenter's measurements, .72 long, and .58 lat., would equal 18.28 mm. long, (length)
and 14.732 mm. lat. (height), which is practically the dimensions given by Woodring for the
specimen, U. S. National Museum, no. 4541, "length, 18.5 mm.; height, 15 mm." Such a dif-
ference in mm. can be accounted for in the measurements by different individuals. For Car-
penter's terms of measurements see notes under explanatory remarks, this paper.

PELECYPODA 95

ing. Woodring (1938, p. 54) discussed the possibility of an alliance of this species with
"Venus" angustifrons Conrad (1849) from the Miocene of Oregon. In such a case Conrad's
name would have priority over that of Carpenter which had been used for the Recent shells.

Holofype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4541

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Sannakh Islands, Alaska, to the
Cedros Islands, Lower California (Hertlein and Strong). ? Aliocene — Pleistocene. California.
? Pliocene. Oregon (Grant and Gale.) ? Miocene. Oregon (Woodring)

Genus Humilaria Grant and Gale, 1931

Hnmilaria Grant and Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Mem., vol. 1, p. 325
Type species by original designation, Venus kennerlcyi "Carpenter in Reeve" := H. perla-
minosa kennerlcyi Carpenter in Reeve. 1863, Icon. Conch., vol. 14, pi. XII, fig. 41 ; Grant
AND Gale, 1931 = H. kennerlcyi (Reeve). Recent. Kodiak Island, Alaska, to Carmel
Bav, California. Reeve, 1864, Icon. Conch., vol. 14, Venus, pi. XII, fig. 41; Oldrovd, 1924,
pi. 8, fig. 4 (PI. 9, figs. 14-15)

Humilaria kennerleyi (Reeve)
(PI. 9, fig. 14, 15)

Venus Kennerleyi [Carpenter ms.]. Reeve, 1863, Conch. Icon., vol. 14, Venus, pi. XII, fig.

41 : Carpenter, 1864b, p. 553. 569, 600, 602 (/'. kennerleyi), 641 ; Reprint, 1872. p. 39, 55,

86, 88, 127; on p. 602, 641, Carpenter credits the species to Reeve; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, Proc, 17, p. 57
Mercenaria Kennerleyi Reeve, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 7
Mareia kcnncrlexi (Carpenter ms.) Reeve, Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, no.

1312, p. 396. "pi- NIV, fig. 1 (Carpenter ms.) Reeve; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound

Biol. Station, vol. 4. p. 47, pi. 24, fig. 4
Mareia kennerlyi (Carpenter) Reeve, Dall, 1921, p. 42; Oldrovd, 1924b, p. 155, pi. 8, fig. 4
Vencrupis (Humilaria) pcrlaminosa kennerlcyi (Carpenter in Reeve), Grant and Gale,

1931, p. 325
Vencrupis (Humilaria) kcnnerlxi (Reeve), Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells, Keep, p. 90.

fig. 61
Humilaria kennerleyi (Carpenter in Reeve), Keen. 1937, p. 21 ; Burch, 1944, no. 42, p. 11 ;

1945, no. 45, p. 15 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.

XXVI, p. 174

"Shell oblong oval, somewhat square, dull opake white, concentrically plicately ribbed,
ribs close-set, a little recurved, rather irregular, lunule and ligamentary area narrow.
"Carpenter, MS. in Mus. Cuming.
"Hab.— ?

"A very characteristic chalk-white shell, strongly plicately concentrically ribbed, the ribs
being very crowded and irregular." [Reeve, 1863]

Carpenter's complete description of this species was published in 1865 after Reeve de-
scribed the form in 1863. As Carpenter explained, his description was written but delayed be-
cause of the American war. Carpenter's authorship was unfortunately lost because of the vi-
cissitudes which prevail in publication. Reeve's description and figure hold the specific name
so that Carpenter's description is not included in this case. Carpenter considered Reeve the
author of the species.

Reeve did not record the locality of the species, but Carpenter furnished that information
(1864b, p. 569, 602). The shell had been collected by Dr. Kennerley and, therefore, properly
belonged in the Puget Sound — Vancouver Island district (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 569, 602, 641).
The holotype in the British Museum (Natural History) is labelled from "Van Couver's
[sic] Is. (Mus. Cuming) ."*o "Puget Sound" is written faintly on one of the valves."

Holotype. — British Museum (Natural History)

Distribution. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia (type) ; Kodiak Island, Alaska, to
Carmel Bay, California (Burch)

•*o (G. L. Wilkins, April 11, 1950, personal communication) The illustrations of the hinge
of the holotype with a tracing of the \alve for measurement were furnished by the British Mu-
seum (Natural History).

96 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Tivela ? marginata" Carpenter uoiiicn nudum

"Tivela (?) marginata Cpr." in Berry, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 21, p. 20; Lamy, 1917, Jour, de
Conchyl., vol. LXII, p. 204; Burch, 1944, no. 39, p. 9

Tivela marginata Carpenter is a nomcn nudum. The name was probably with a museum
specimen, which was the basis for Dall's (1902, p. 386) remarks: [Tivela delesserti Deshayes,
1854, Lower California and Mexico] "the young fry were named Tivela marginata by Car-
penter, but I do not find that this name has ever been defined in print." It is strange that
Dall should have passed the name on to Berry in a faunal list. See also "Crassafella mar-
ginata Carpenter."

Genus Protothaca Dall, 1902

Protothaca Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, p. 364

Type species by original designation Vemis thaca Molina, 1782, Saggio sulla storia Naturale

del Chile, p. 203, V. dombeii Lamarck, 1818, Hist. Ann. s. Vert., vol. 5, p. 590. Recent.

Peru to Chonos Archipelago, Chile. Reeve, 1863, Conch. Icon., vol. 14, Venus, pi. IX, fig.

29 {V. Dombeii)

This genus is represented in the living and fossil fauna of New Zealand by the subgroup
Tnangia (Marwick, 1927, p. 623; personal communication, January 19, 1951), [T. crassicosta
(Deshayes)] which has not been found earlier than Pleistocene.

Subgenus Callithaca Dall, 1902

Callithaca Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, no. 1312, p. 364

Type species by original designation. Tapes tenerrima Carpenter, in Gould and Carpen-
ter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 200. Recent. Vancouver Island, to Cape San Lucas,
Lower California, Oldroyd, 1924, pi. 30, figs, la, lb

Protothaca (Callithaca) laciniata (Carpenter)

Tapes laciniata Carpenter, 1864b, 540, 571, 641 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 26, 57, 127; 1865, Jour, de

Conchyl., vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 136; Reprint, 1872, p. 304; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 7; Arnold, 1903, p. 150, pi. XIV, fig. 5
Paphia (Protothaca) stannnca var. laciniata (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. AIus., vol.

26, no. 1312, p. 398; Jukes-Browne, 1914, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. II, p. 83
Paphia (Protothaca) staminea laciniata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 43, section Protothaca
Paphia staminea laciniata (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol.

4, p. 48
Paphia staminea lacincata (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 157, section Callithaca
Venerupis (Protothaca) staminea Conrad variety laciniata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale,

1931, p. 331
Protothaca laciniata (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 24; Burch, 1944, no. 42, p. 14; Burch,

1945, no. 45, p. 15; Finch, 1953, Dept. Fish aiid Game Marine Fish., Fish. Bull. no. 90,

p. 68, fig. 34

"Tapes laciniata, n.s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen ; sculpture pectinated." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 641]

"T. t. 'T. staminea' simili, sed majore, fragili, multo tenuiore ; satis tumida, subovali, regu-
lariter excurvata, cinerea ; lunula linea impressa, parum definita ; marginibus, postico vix sub-
quadrato, antico producto; ligamento baud prominente ; costis radiantibus acutis, distantibus,
ventraliter dimidium interstitiorum aequantibus, posticc parvis, crebis, antice latis ; laminis
concentricis creberrimis, vix erectis, costas transeuntibus, a costis at interstitiis eleganter un-
datis, baud nodosis : pagina interna albida ; dentibus cicatricibusque ut in 'T. staminea' forma-
tis; sinu pallii paulum longiore, acutiore. — Long. 2.4, lat. .2, alt. 1.4, poll.

"Hab. San Diego, Rich, Blake, Cooper.

"Cette espece est remarquable, en mome temps pour la deiicatesse de sa sculpture, et pour
les caracteres particuliers de sa texture. Elle appartient au meme groupe que les T. adamsii.
Reeve, T. tenerrima. Carpenter (decrit d' apres un individu tres-jeune) et T. staminea, Con-
rad. Cette derniere espece compte parmi ses varietes les V. Pctitii et V. ruderata, Deshayes,
V. mundidus, Reeve (= T. diversa, Sowerby) ct V. tumida, Sowerby. Mais elle se distinque

TELECYPODA

97

facilement de toutes ces formes par ses lanics coiiccntriques, disposees au-dessus des rayons et
de leurs interstices bien prononces, et laciniees au sommet fort elegament."
[Carpenter, 186Sg, p. 136]

The type of this species has not been found. The collections of the British Museum (Na-
tural History) have been searched, as well as those in likely institutions in America.

Although Carpenter recorded the species from Monterey and the region between San
Diego and San Pedro (1864b, p. 641), San Diego is given as the type locality in Carpenter's
(1865g) description. There seems to be a difference of opinion among workers as to the spe-
cific rank of this form.

Mrs. Oldroyd and Grant and Gale omitted reference to the complete description by Car-
penter of this species in 1865.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Unalaska, Alaska, to Estero de
Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan 1926)

Protothaca (Callithaca) staminea (Conrad)

(PI. 11, figs. 1-5)

Forma orbella Carpenter

Tapes staminea var. orbella Carpenter, 1864b, p. 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 127; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 8; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California

State Min. Bur., p. 266
Paphia (Protothaca) staminea var. orbella (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 26, no. 1312, p. 398, Jukes-Browne, 1914, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 11, p. 83
Paphia staminea (Conrad) var. orbella (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub.

Zoology, vol. 14, p. 271, pi. 19, fig. 6
Protothaca staminea orbella (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 43; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget

Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 48, pi. 37, fig. 6 same as Packard, 1918, pi. 19, fig. 6;

Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 157, pi. 23, fig. 6 same as Packard, 1918, pi. 19, fig. 6; Burgh, 1944,

no. 42, p. 13
" ? Tapes tumida Con Nutt. ms." Carpenter, 1856, Zool Soc. London, Proc, p. 214; 1857,

Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 196, 306; 1864b, p. 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 127; Dall,

1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, p. 399 "not T. tumida Sowerby, 1853, Renamed T.

conradi by Romer, 1867," fide Dall, 1902, p. 399

"Tapes staminea, Conr. . . . Var. orbella, rounded, globose." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 127]

This form is regarded as an ecological accommodation to the animal's habit of nestling in
pholad borings. It is not considered a species, but because specimens identified by Carpenter
were available the form is figured to show what Carpenter had in mind. The type was not
found. The specimens figured are from Neah Bay, collected by J. G. Swan, and are contained
in the U. S. National Museum. The suite consists of four double valves and one single right
valve. One double specimen is abnormally produced anteriorly and shortened with a thickened
knobby posterior.

A medium globose specimen is figured.

A type of "Tapes tumida" Con. Nutt. ms. Carpenter has not been found. It is not in the
British Museum (Natural History), where it might be. (G. L. Wilkins, May 22, 1950, per-
sonal communication).

From an ecological study of more than 3000 specimens of P. staminea in the region of
Victoria, British Columbia, Fraser and Smith (1928, p. 266) found that "there was much
difference in shape in different localities : some long and narrow, others short and broad ;
some thin, with flat shells, others thick, with strongly convex shells."

Specimens figured. — U. S. National Museum, No. 15453

Distribution. — Kodiak Island, Alaska, to San Diego, California (Dall)

Protothaca (Callithaca) tenerrima (Carpenter)

Tapes tenerrima Carpenter, in Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,
p. 200; Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. 1856, p. 227, 229, 306; 1864b, p. 531, 536,
614, 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 17, 22, 100, 127, 304; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Sur.
California, p. 7; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 267

98 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED RY P. P. CARPEXTER

rcnus r'ujida Gould, 1861, U. S. Expl. Exped. 1856, f. 538 not Uillwyn, 1817, vol. I, p. 164

fide Carpenter, 1864b, p. 531
Tafcs tencrri)iia Carpenter, Arnold, 1903, p. 151, pi. XIV, fig. 6
Paphia (Prototliaca) tenerrima (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, no.

1312, p. 364, 399, section Callithaca; 1921, p. 43; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.

Station, vol. 24, p. 47, pi. 31, figs, la, lb same as in Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub.

Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, pi. 22, figs, la, lb; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 156, pi. 30, figs, la, lb same as

Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, pi. 22, figs, la, lb
Prototliaca tenerrima (Carpenter), Jtres-Brownk, 1914, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc,

vol. 11, p. 83; Keen, 1937, p. 24; Burgh, 1944, no. 42, p. 12; 1945, no. 45, p. 15; Smith

AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol XXVI, p. 175; Finch, 1953,

Dept. Fish and Game Marine Fish., Fish Bull. no. 90, p. 65, fig. 31
Paphia tenerrima (Carpenter). Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2,

p. 272, pi. 22, figs, la, lb; Frizzell, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 48
Vencrupis {Callithaca) tenerrima (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 327, pi. 18, figs.

9a, 9b

"T. t. tenerrima, albido-fusca, obovali, compressa ; marginibus acqualitcr excurvatis ;
striulis radiantibus creberrimis, antice et postice fortioribus, et lirulis acutis concentricis,
plus minusve distantibus, cleganter ornata ; lunula vix stria majore definita ; intus, dent. card,
iii. radiantibus, quorum valva in altere ii. Altera i. bifidi sunt; sinu pallii maximo, elongato,
lateribus suberectis, parum divergentibus, apice cicatr, ant. contiguo, subrotundato ; niargine
vix crenulato.

"Long. .94, lat. 1.13, alt. .38.

"Hab. Panama ; legit Col. Jeivett. Mus. Gould.

"Of this extremely elegant species, the two specimens sent were broken in transit. It is
recognized at once by its fragility and delicate sculpture." [Carpenter, 1856c, p. 201]

". . . proves to be the adult form of Tapes tenerrima, Cpr., P. Z. S. July 1856, which is
a Californian and not a Panamic species, as has been supposed from Col. Jewett's label."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 531]

The type of this species has not been recovered. Carpenter wrote (1856c) that the two
original specimens were broken before they reached him in England. This suggests that the
specimens became further damaged or lost and were not returned to America. They are not
in the British Museum (Natural History) (G. L. Wilkins, personal communication).

The original description, following Jewett's label, stipulated Panama as the type locality.
But Carpenter later corrected that statement and confirmed his idea that the shells came
from California. However, no definite California locality could be given. Oldroyd apparently
was not aware of Carpenter's correction of Jewett's Panama label, for she quoted "Panama"
as the type locality. This was repeated by Grant and Gale.

The acceptance of Panama as the type locality probably accounts for the error of extend-
ing the distribution to Panama (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 328).

Cooper (1867) corrected the locality from "Panama", to "Str. Fuca to San Diego".

The types are not in the Boston Society of Natural History as published by Oldroyd and
copied by Grant and Gale.

Carpenter, in the description of Tapes laciniata (1865g, p. 136) parenthetically stated that
this species had been described frt)ni a young individual.

Types. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. California (type) ; Vancouver, British Columbia, to Cape San
Lucas, Lower California (Keen). Pleistocene and I'lioccne. (See Grant and Gale, 1931)
Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Genus Psephidia Dall, 1902
(Psephis Carpenter, 1864, not Psephis Guenee, 1854 Insects)
Psephidia Dall, 1902, Jour. Conch., vol. X, p. 243. Substitute for Psephis Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 640, 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 126, 127; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17,
p. 56
Type species by original designation [Psephidia replaced Psephis], P. lordi (Baird), 1863,
Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 69. Recent. Unalaska, Alaska, to Coronado Islands. Cali-
fornia. Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, pi. XVI, fig. 5 ; Grant and Gale,
1931, pi. 15, figs. 5-7

PELECYPODA

99

Psephidia salmonea (Carpenter)
(PI. 11, figs. 6-12)

Pscphis salmonea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539, 611, 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 25, 97. 127; 1866,

Feb., California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. III. p. 209; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.

Sur. California, p. 7; Arnold, 1903. p. 152; D.all, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 26,

no. 1312, p. 408, nepionic young of Tivcla
? Psephidia salmonea (Carpenter), D.all, 1921, p. 44; Oldroyd, 1924, p. 162 [not questioned]
Psephidia ? salmonea (Carpenter). Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 338, see for synonymy
Psephidia salmonea (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 24; Burch, 1944, no. 42, p. 16; 1945, no. 45,

p. 16

"Pscphis salmonea, n.s. S. Diego, Cat. Is., 30^0 fm. ; rare." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]

"Psephis salmonea, n.s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate: salmon-coloured. 30-40 fm.
r. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 641]

"Psephis sahnonea, Cpr., n.s. State Collection, no. 1068.

"Ps. t. Parva, .subinflata, subaequilaterali, subtrigona ; colore salmoneo; extus nitida,
minutissime et crebcrrime concentrice striata ; margine ventrali excurvato ; dorsalibus antico
et postico subrectis : intus, dent. card, iii.-iii., quorum utraque valva anticus porrectus, quasi
lateralis, centrales parvi ; v. dextr. dente postico in marginem sulcatum decurrente ; cicatr.
adduct. satis conspicuis, subrotundatis ; linea pallii satis interna, vix obsolete sinulata.

"Long. 0.12, lat. 0.11, alt. 0.06.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 30—40 fm., rare ; Cooper.

"Placed under Psephis by analogy ; whether the animal be ovoviviparus has not yet been
ascertained." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 2()9]

The syntypes of this species consist of two suites, one in the Redpath Aluseum, ^IcGill
University, and the other at the U. S. National Museum. The specimens in the Redpath
Museum consist of five specimens on Carpenter's original glass mount and labelled in
Carpenter's handwriting, "Type. Catalina Is. 30 fms. Cooper." These are the specimens which
are mentioned in the original description. The U. S. National Museum specimens, a syntype
consisting of a double specimen, is also on a Carpenter original glass mount and labelled,
"type S. Diego Cooper Cp. 1068." These are the specimens which are mentioned first by
Carpenter (1864b, p. 611). The label "Cooper no. 1068" is that given as of the State Col-
lection in his original description.

Oldroyd, followed by Grant and Gale, gave the type depository and t.vpe locality incor-
rectly.

Syntypes. — Redpath Museum, no. 115; U. S. National Museum, no. 15578 (Cp. 1068)

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California. 30 fathoms, (type) ; Farallon Islands,
California, to San Martin Island, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene (Arnold, 1903;
Cooper in Arnold, 1903). Pliocene (Arnold, 1903)

"Tapes gracilis" Gould

Tapes gracilis Gould, 1856, United States Pacific R. R. Repts.. vol. 5, p. 333. pi. 19, fig. 20;
(jOuld and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 200.

This species has been identified by Dall as the young of Saxidomus nuttallii Conrad, 1837.
Carpenter stated (1864b) that the type of T. gracilis Gould was not found at the Smithsonian
Institution.

Additional References : —

Tapes gracilis Gould, Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 227, 284, 306,

352; Carpenter, 1864b, p. 592; Reprint, 1872, p. 78
Saxidomus gracilis Gould, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 8

(^ arafits Gld. ?)
Saxidomus arafus Gould, Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 189
Saxidomus nuttallii Conrad, Gr.axt and G.\le. 1931, p. 341 in part

"Venus (Chione) excavata" Carpenter

(PL 11, fig. 13)

Chione undatella Sowerby, Young

Venus (Chione) excavata C.\rpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 216; Dall, 1902,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 26, no. 1312, p. 392

100 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

This species was determined by Dall as tlie young of Chione undatclla Sowerby (1835,
p. 22).

The type is in the British Museum (Natural History) {fide G. L. Wilkins, March 2 and
July 10, 1951, personal communication), and the photograph of the specimen has been pro-
vided by the officials of the British Museum (Natural History).
Additional references :

Venus {Chione) excavata Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Ass. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 197
Venus excavata Cakpexter, 1860. .Smith, ^Iisc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 2; Grant and Gale,

1931, p. 322 in synonvmy of Chione succinta
Chione excavata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 527, 641; Reprint, 1872, p. 13, 127; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. AIoll., Gcol. Sur. California, p. 7

Family Petricolidae
Genus Petricola Lamarck, 1801

Petricnla Lamarck, 1801, Syst. Animaux sans Vert., p. 121

Type species bv subsequent designation, Schmidt, 1818, Conch. Samm., p. 55, 79; Venus

lapicida Chemnitz, 1788, Conch. Cab., vol. X, p. 356, tab. 172, figs. 1664, 1665. Recent.

Australia. Sowerby in Reeve, 1874, Conch. Icon., vol. 19, Petricola, pi. HI, fig. 24

Subgenus Rupellaria Fleuriau de Bellevue, 1802

Rupellaria Fleuriau de Bellevue, 1802, Jour. Physique, vol. 54, p. 347

Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1900, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Philadelphia,

Trans., vol. HI, pt. V, p. 1056-1058; Venus lithophaga Retzius, 1786, Act. Acad. Turin,

vol. 3, p. 11. Recent. England to Spain and Mediterranean. Sowerby in Reeve, 1874, Conch.

Icon., vol. 19, Petricola, pi. H, figs. 11a, lib; Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus,

1893, Moll. Marins du Roussillon, t. H, pi. 67, figs. 20-25

Petricola (Rupellaria) tellimyalis (Carpenter)
(PI. 12, figs. 1-5)

Psephis tellimyalis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 641 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 127; 1865, Jour, de Conchyl.,
vol. Xni, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 135; Reprint, 1872, p. 303; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 7; Dall, 1900, Nautilus, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 100 young Petricnla

Petricola denticnlata Sowerby, Dall, 1900, Nautilus, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 121 in part; 1903,
Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. HI, pt. V, p. 1061 in part; 1921, p. 44
in part; Oldroyd. 1924b, p. 163 in part probably: Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 356 in part
changed in footnote, section Petricolaria. Not P. dcnticulata Sowerby, 1834, Zool. Soc.
London. Proc. p. 47; 1855, Thes. Conchyl., vol. II, p. 773, pi. CLXVI, figs. 6, 7

Psephis {Petricola) tcllim\alis Carpenter, Willett, 1931, So. California Acad. Sci., Bull.,
30. no. 2, p. 39, pi. 17, figs. 1,2

Petricola tellimyalis (Carpenter). Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 356, footnotes; Ptlsbry and
Lowe, 1932, Acad. Nat. Sri. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. LXXXIV p. 97, pi. 13, figs. 12, 13 ;
Burch, 1948, no. 83, p. 9, figs.

Petricola (Rupellaria) tellimyalis (Carpenter), Burch, 1944, no. 42, p. 19, figs.; 1945, no.
45, p. 16

Rupellaria tellimyalis (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 420, pi. 31 1

"Psephis tellimyalis, n.s. Shape of Tellimya: central tooth minute ; outside teeth long."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 641]

"Ps. t. valde transversa, subquadrata, tumidiore, valde inacquilaterali ; umbonibus obtusis,
vix prominentibus ; pallide carneolutescente, purpureo (maxime circa margincm dentesque)
tincta ; epidermidc tenuissime induta ; tota superficie crcberrime concentrice striata ; margini-
bus, dorsali et ventrali subparallelis, antico rectiore, postico rotundato ; lunula inconspicua :
intus, dentibus centralibus minimis, anticis elongatis, posticis valde elongatis: sinu pallii vix
sinuato. — Long. .09, lat. .07, altit. .04, poll.

"Hab. Californie (sur la partie dorsale d'une II allot ide, Rozvell).

"Le sous-genre Psephis se compose de tres — petitcs coquilles veneriformes, dont I'animal
est ovivipare, comme celui des Cyclas, etc., des eaux douces, et des Bryophila parmi les
Lamcllibranches marins. La charniere porte trois dents ; quelquefois elles ressemblent a
celles des Chione: mais ordinaircment les dents antericures et posterieures se prolongent. Le
Psephis tellimyalis se trouve sur les limites extremes du groupe. II a I'aspect exterieur d'un
Tellimya bidentaUs et quelc|ue chose aussi de sa charniere a cause du tres-grand developpe-
ment des deux dents terminales aux depens de la dent centrale. Je n'en ai vu qu'un seul
echantillon, qui appartient au reverend J. Rowell, pasteur a San Francisco." [Carpenter,
1865g, p. 135]

PELECYPOnA

101

Willett (1931) changed the previous idea rendered by Dall (1900) that the species de-
scribed by Carpenter was the young of P. denticulata Sowerby (1834). Willett figured
specimens of both species. His figures justified a separation. The individuals figured by
Willett (1931) are more triangular than the holotype. Burch in commenting on Willett's
article included tracings of unidentified specimens in the Burch collection from San Martin
Island, Mexico, which are closer in appearance to the shape of P. tcllimyalis than are those
of Willett or Pilsbry and Lowe (1932).

The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum on an original Carpenter glass mount
with original label, consisting of: "Type Psephis tellimyalis, Cpr. California."

Carpenter stated originally that the specimens came from the back of haliotids (186Sg, p.
135). He did not know the locality and suggested Lower California. The label in the type
box states "San Diego Stearns Coll." That label is subsequent to the Carpenter glass mount,
however. The writer does not believe that a locality other than California would be authentic
for the original specimens.

The measurements of the holotype (2.5 mm.; 2 mm.) correspond to the dimensions
originally stated of .09 poll (2.27 mm.) and .07 poll (1.77 mm.), with a negligible difference.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15554

Distribution. — Recent. California (type) ; Santa Monica, California, to San Martin,
Mexico (Burch, 1945). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Genus Cooperella Carpenter, 1864
(Oedalia Carpenter, 1864; Ocdalina Carpenter, 1865)
Cooperella Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611 (first mentioned), p. 639 {Oedalia Carpenter not Meigen,
1820) ; Carpenter, 1865, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 208, Oedalina and
Cooperella; Dall, 1900. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p.
1061; Jukes-Browne, 1910, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 9, p. 217, 221, 223, 224_
Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1900, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia,
vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1061, Cooperella suhdiaphana Carpenter (+ scintillaejormis Carpen-
ter), 1864b. Recent. Queen Charlotte Islands to Gulf of California. (PI. 12, figs. 6-16)

There was considerable juggling of names in connection with this genus, so that even
though C. scintillaejormis was the specific name used in the first mention of Cooperella, the
name was a nomen nudum. It had not at the time been described. It was also the specific
name used in the description of Cooperella. Plowever, C. suhdiaphana was the species with
the first description of Oedalia, the description which precedes that of Cooperella. It seems
best to maintain the designation of Dall, using the name C. suhdiaphana for the species and
for the type of the genus.

Besides the type species, a West Coast Recent and Pleistocene species, the genus is repre-
sented by one species from the upper Miocene (Yorktown) of Virginia and North Carolina
(Dall, 1900, p. 1063) ; Gardner (1943, p. 119) and a species, C. atlantica Rehder (1943, p.
187) living at Peanut Island, Lake Worth, Florida.

Cooperella suhdiaphana (Carpenter)
(PI. 12, figs. 6-16)

Oedalia {Cooperella) scintillaejormis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 639; Reprint, 1872, p. 97,
125; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 6 Cooperella

Oedalia suhdiaphana Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639; Reprint, 1872, p. 125; 1865, Apr., Jour, de
Conchyl., vol. 13, p. 134; Reprint, 1872, p. 302

Oedalina {Cooperella) scintillaejormis Carpenter, 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol.
Ill, p. 208; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 6

Cooperella suhdiaphana (+ scintillijormis) (Carpenter), Dall, 1903, Wagner Free Inst. Sci.
Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1062; Arnold, 1903, p. 153, pi. XIII, fig. 1 ; Dall,
1921, p. 45; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 51 ; 1924b, p. 163;
Keen, 1937, p. 19; Haas, 1942, Nautilus, vol. 55, no. 4, p. 110, 113; Burch, 1944, no. 42,
p. 20 ; 1945, no. 45, p. 16 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 175

"Oedalia {Cooperella) scintillaejormis, n. subg., n.s. S. Diego, Santa Barbara Is." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 611]

102 MARINE ^rOLLUSCA DESCRIUKD BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Oedalia siibdiaphana, n.g., n.s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament surrounding
beaks; hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2) ; no laterals; large mantlebend." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.

"CoopercUa sctntillaefonuis. n.s. New subgenus of Oedalia. Cartilage semi-internal : only
1 tooth bifid." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639]

"Oe. t. albida, tenuissima, suhdiaphana, submargaritacea, tumente; laevi, striulis incre-
nicnti exillimis ; epiderniide pallide straminea, tenuissima, induta ; suborbiculari, uniboiiibus
tunientibus, promiiientibus ; marginibus oninino satis cxcurvatis, antico rotundato, postico pau-
lulum porrecto, lunula nulla: intus, valva sinistrali dentibus cardinalibus 3 bifidis, radiantibus,
(|uonnn centralis major, valva dextra 2 bifidis. inttTcalantibus ; nymphis parvis, curtis, tcn-
uiltis ; liganicnto circa umboncs excurrciite ; lamina cardinali dorsaliter parum claviculata;
cicatricibus adductoribus parvis, niarginem dorsalem versus sitis, antica ovali, jxj.stica subro-
tundata ; sinu pallii rcgularitcr ovali, per duas trientes intcrstitii incurrente, longitudinaliter
tenuissime corrugato; linca pallii antice a margine remota, diagonaliter reflexa. — Long. .52,
lat. .44, alt. .26, poll.

"Hab. San Diego, Cassidy.
"Je n'ai vu qu un seul echantillon de cette coquille fort remarquable. Apres I'avoir examinee
pour la seconde fois et avec lieaucoup de soin au microscope, jjour caracteriser rcs]>ece et
pour comparer ses caracteres avec ceux du Cooperella scintiUaeformis, j'ai eu le malheur de
le laisser tomber a terre et de le briser : mais je puis attester I'exactitude de la description.
Cette espece a I'aspect externe d'un KclUa siihorhicularis; Finflcxion palleale d'un Sciiiclc;
le ligiiment circumumbonal des Circe et des Psephis; et une charniere tres complexe, con-
tenant cinq dents, toutes bifides. Avec le sous-genre Cooperella, qui en differe comme les
Lutricola ct les Maconia ( le cartilage etant semi-interne) et peut-etre avec les Cycladella,
elle constitue un groupe particulier des Tellinidae." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 134, Oe. suhdia-
phana]

"C. t. tenuissima, subdiaphana, latiore ; forma "Scintilae Citnuningii" simulante ; extus
argenteo-iridescente, striulis incrementi exillimis interdum undata ; parte postica paullum ma-
jore rotundata ; intus, valva dextra dent ii. laminatis, arcuatim divergentibus, extantibus,
quorum anticus major, vcntralitcr sulcatus ; v. sinistr. iii., quorum ant. et post, laminati, ar-
cuati, centralis triangularis, bifidus fossa cartilaginali parva, semi-interna, sub umbones an-
gustiores, satis prominentos, sita ; lamina ligamentali nulla, nymphis longiorbus ; sinu pallii
oblongo, lato; linea pallii antica minus declivi.

"Long. 0.60, lat. 0.48, alt. 0.32.

"Hab. San Diego; San Pedro, 2 dredged in 8-20 fms. Cooper." [Car[>enter, 1866a, p. 208,
C. scintiUaeformis]

The types of both C. subdiapJiana and C. sciiitillaefonnis are preserved in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum. The holotype of C. subdiaphana is broken. It is labeled "smashed type. San
Diego Cassidy no. 3563." There are many fragments, but the hinge of each valve is intact,
and each is figured herein. The fracture of the type dates to Carpenter, for he wrote of his
misfortune in regard to the shell.

The syntypes of C. scintiUaeformis consist of two double specimens and a single valve.
Illustrations of the doubles, as well as enlarged figures of the hinges of each, are included
herein.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 15669 {C. scintiUaeformis) ; no. 3563 (C. subdia-
phana holotype)

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; San F'edro, California (C. scin-
tiUaeformis type); Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, to Culf of California (Dall)
See Table 2 for strati.graphic distribution.

Family Tellinidak
Genus Tellina Linnaeus, 1758
Tellina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 674

Type species by subsequent designation, ScmtiPT, 1818, p. 51, 177, T. radiata Linnaeus,
1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 675 for Tellina Lamarck, type designation, Children, 1823,
Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. XIV, p. 305; Reprint, 1931, p. 8; T. radiata Linnaeus for Tellina
Lamarck, 1801 not 1799. Recent. South Carolina to the West Indies and Texas. Reeve,
1866, Conch., vol. 17, Tellina, pi. Ill, fig. 8a, 8b: Maxwell Smith, East Coast Marine
Shells, 1937, pi. 23, fig. 3; Annorr, 1954, pi. 40e

Subgenus Oudardia Montcrosato, 1884
Oudardia Monterosato, 1884, Nomen. Gen. Sjiec. Conch. Med., p. 22
Type species by original designation, Tellina oudardi Pavraudeau, 1826, AIoll. Corse, p. 40,

I'ELECYPOUA 103

pi. 1, figs. 16-18 plus =: T. comprcssa Brocchi, 1814, Conch, foss. Subapp., p. 514, pi. 12,
fig. 9, fide MoNTEROSATO, 1884, Nomen. Gen. Spec. Conch. Med., p. 22. Recent. Mediter-
ranean. Hanley in SowERBV, [1846], 1847, Thes. Conch., vol. I, p. 297, pi. LXVI, fig.
262 original description and figure of tyi>e

Tellina (Oudardia) modesta (Carpenter)

(Pi. 13, figs. 4-9)

Angulus vwdcstus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 639, 681; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 125, 167; 1865,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Proc, vol. 17, p. 56
Mcra modcsfa (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5
Tellina (Angulus) modesta (Carpenter), Tyrox, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci.,

Philadelphia, p. 94
Tellina (Angulus) modesfus (Carpenter). Dael. 1900, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol. 23. no.

1210. p. 304; 1921, p. 45; Oldroyd. 1924, Pub. Pugct Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4. p. 51;

1924b. p. 167; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 361 section Angulus
Tellina (Oudardia) modesta (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 26; Burch, 1943, no. 25, p. 12;

1945, no. 43, p. 7
Tellina modesta (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954. p. 425, pi. 31u

"Angulus modestus. n.s., but closely allied to the eastern A. tcner. Say. Two sp. living."
[Carpenter, 1864b. p. 602]

'Angulus modestus, n.s. (Subg. of Tellina.) Like tener, Say., but with callus between
mantle-bend and scar. White." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639]

Carpenter's (1865) description was reprinted by Oldroyd in 1924. The following typo-
graphical errors should be corrected in Oldroyd's copj' : line 1 of description, read callosttate
for callosultate ; line 6, insert ventrali between margine and suhplanata; line 7, read valva
for va; va ; line 8, read nullis for nullii: read callositatem for callosutatem; line 9, read
pauUuni for pauhim. The following should be included to complete the copy of Carpenter's
description :

"Hab. In sinu Pugetiano, spccimina duo juniora legit Kennerley." [Carpenter, 1865e, p.
56]

The type material consists of two valves, now broken.
Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4245

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Vancouver Island, British
Columbia, to Lower California TDall). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Tellina (Oudardia) buttoni Dall
(PI. 13, figs. 10, 11)

Angulus ? var. obtusus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639; Reprint, 1872. p. 125

Angulus modestus. var. obtusus Carpenter. 1865. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 56. Not Tellina obfusa Sowerby, 1817, Min. Conch., vol.
2, p. 175, pi. 179

}fera obfusa (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5

Tellina (Oudardia) Buttoni Dale. 1900, Nov., U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 23. no. 1210, p.
304. 320, pi. IV, figs. 12. 13 new name for T. obtusa (Carpenter) ; 1900. Dec. Wagner
Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. III. pt. V, p. 1036. pi. 47. fig. 18: 1921. p. 46;
Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 167, pi. 44, figs. 7a, 7b same figures as Packard. 1918, Univ. California
Pub. Zool.. vol. 14, no. 2. pi. 25. figs. 7a, 7b; Oldroyd. 1924. Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Sta-
tion, vol. V, p. 51. pi. 41, figs. 7a, 7b; Keen, 1937, p. 26; Burch, 1943, no. 25, p. 13; 1945,
no. 43, p. 7 ; no. 46. back page

Tellina (Angulus) buttoni Dafl, Arnold. 1903, p. 157. pi. XVI, figs. 1, 2

Tellina buttoni Dall, Packard, 1918. Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2. p. 275, pi.
25, figs. 7a. 7b; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 361 section Oudardia, see for additional syn-
onymy
"Angulus ? var. obtusus. Inside like modestus; but beaks obtuse." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.

639]

"A. t. 'A. modcsto' simiii ; sed majore. umbonibus obtusis, vix donaciformi, marginibus

dorsalibus et ventrali excurvatis ; candidiore, vix diaphana ; epidermide pallidissime straminea.

Long. .72, lat. .44, alt. .15. . . ^

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley ; apud 'Neeah Baj',' Swan ; prope S. Pedro,

Cooper." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 56]

Details of the shell have been described by Dall (1900a; 1900c). Dall gave the new name
to replace the preoccupied one of Carpenter. Carpenter's material therefore should remain

104 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY 1'. T. CARPENTER

the foundation for the original conception of the species. It does not seem wise to follow Dall
in defining new types for the species when Carpenter's were in existence and available to
Dall. (See discussion in the introduction to this paper on the practice of choosing new types
for species renamed.) In the case of this species Dall did not choose a type for his new name
from the type locality of Carpenter's species. Hence there is a double opportunity for misiden-
tifying the original species. The remaining types of "A." obtusa Carpenter are those men-
tioned second by Carpenter from San Pedro. Dall chose a Lower California shell for the
holotype.

Interpreting the renaming of "A." obtusa as strictly a nomcnclatural technicality, the
writer retains Carpenter's types'^ for the species as renamed, and the writer disregards Dall's
1900 redesignation.

In the case of a name merely replacing a preoccupied term, if the original types have been
lost neotypes would properly be designated. In such case it would seem fitting that they
should be from the original locality of the species. (See Copenhagen Decisions on Zool.
Nomen., Aug. 1953, p. 28-32.)

This species has coarser concentric striae than T. carpcnteri Dall (7". varicgata Car-
penter).

The double specimen (type no. 19429) has the valves intact. The valves were not separated
for photographing, lest the hinges be broken. The photographs do not include tliat of the
hinge.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 19429 (one double and fragments of two single
valves)

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (Cooper, type) ; Lituya Bay, Alaska, to the
Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. (See Grant and Gale, 1931)

Subgenus Moerella Fischer, 1887
Morrrlla Fischek, 1887, Man. de Conchy!., p. 1147. Morra H. Axn A. .^i)A>fs, [1856]

1858, not Macra Leach, 1814, Donacilla C^ray, 1851, not Lamarck, 1819, see Neave,

1939-1940 for references
Type species by monotypy, Tcllina donacina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 676.

Recent. Europe. Reeve, 1866, Conch. Icon., vol. 17, Tellina. pi. X, fig. 43 ; Bucquoy,

Dautzenberg, and Doi.lfus, ]\To11. Marins du Roussilon, 1898, tome II, pi. 91, figs. 13,

14, vars. figs. 15-19

Tellina (Moerella) carpenteri Dall

(PI. 13, fig. 12-16)

Anqnlus varicgatus Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 611, 627, 639; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 113, 125;

'l864b. Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 423; Reprint, 1872, p. 235. Not

Tellina I'aricgata Gmei.in, 1791, Syst. Nat., p. 3237
Mcra varicgata (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5
Tellina (Angulus) variegata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, p. 95
Tellina ( Anquhis) carpenteri Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 23, no. 1210, p. 303,

320 new name; 1908, Mus. Comp. Zool.. Bull., vol. XLIII, no. 6, p. 421; 1921, p. 45;

Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 166, not pi. 44, figs. 10a, 10b same as Packard, 1918, Univ. California

Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2, pi. 25. figs. 10a, 10b. pi. 29, fig. 2; Oldroyd. 1924, Pub. Puget

Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 51, not pi. 41, figs. 10a, 10b; Keen, 1937, p. 26; Burcii,

1943. no. 25. p. 12; 1945. no. 43, p. 5, 7; no. 46, back page
Not Tcllina carpenteri Dall. Packard. 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, p. 276, pi.

25, figs. 10a. 10b, pi. 46; Oldroyd, 1924b, pi. 44, figs. 10a, 10b; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget

Sound Biol. Station vol. 4, pi. 41, figs. 10a, 10b same as Packard pi. 25, figs. 10a, 10b =

T. (Moerella) arcnica Hertlein and Strong, 1949, Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc.,

vol. 34, pt. 2, p. 68

"Angulus varicgatus, n.s. Mont., Cat. Is., 20-60 fm. ; rare. (Neeah Bay, Sivan.) [Car-
penter 1864b, p. 6111

"Angulus varieqatus. n.s. Shape of obtusus: no callus, rayed with pink and yellow. 20-60

fm. r. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 639]

^1 New types designated l)y Dall ( lOOOc, p. 320) V. S. National Museum, no. 42865a, have
been copied by later authors (Oldroyd; Grant and Gale)

PELECYPODA

105

Oldroyd gave a copy'^ of Carpenter's description (1864b, Dec), and it will therefore not
be repeated here. To her copy should be added :

"Hab. Neeah Bay (Szvan) ; Monterey and Catalina Island, 20-60 fathoms, rare (Cooper)."
[Carpenter, 1864b, Dec, p. 423]

The type material in the U. S. National Museum consists of one double and one single
valve with the label bearing both Catalina Island and Neah Bay, with no means of co-ordin-
ating either specimen with its proper locality. Since the two localities arc w^idely separated, a
decision based on choosing a lectotype from the syntypes and identifying the locality as near
as possible with topotypes from either of the two localities would seem to be a means of
solving a technical dilemma. The decision may have to be arbitrary, but it will be necessary
to furnish a definite type locality. The lack of topotypes prevents such a selection in the
present study.

Syntypes.— U. S. National Museum, no. 15467 (one double and one single left valve)

Distribution. — Recent. Type locality, either Neah Bay, Washington, or Catalina Island,
California; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Panama (Dall) Pleistocene (See Grant and Gale,
1931.)

Tellina (Moerella) meropsis Dall
Angulns Gouldii Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639, 665 : Reprint, 1872, p. 125, 151 ; 1865, Jour, de

Conchyl., vol. XIII. ser. 3, p. 132; Reprint, 1872. p. 300
Not Tellina gouldii Hanley, 1846, in Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. I, p. 272, pi. LVI, fig.

26. West Indies
Tellina {Moerella) meropsis Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 23, no. 1210, p. 303,

317, pi. 3, fig. 1 ; 1921, p. 45

Carpenter overlooked Hanky's description of Tellina gouldii, a western Atlantic to Mex-
ico species, and utilized the name for a west American form. Dall renamed the West Coast
species and described it from a holotype from San Diego, California. The species ranges to
the Gulf of California.

Tellina (Moerella) salmonea (Carpenter)
(PI. 13, f^gs. 17-19)

Maera salmonea Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 627. 639; Reprint. 1872, p. 113, 125; 1864b, Dec,
Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV p. 423 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 235 ; Cooper. 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5 ; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 196

Tellina salmonea (Carpenter), Reeve, 1867, Conch. Icon., vol. 17, Tellina, pi. XXIX, fig.
155

Tellina (Moera) salmonea Carpenter, Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, p. 88

Tellina (Moerella) salmonea (Carpenter). Dall, 1900. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol. 23, no.
1210. p. 302; cf. Arnold, 1903, p. 157, pi. XIII, fig. 7: Dall. 1921, p. 45; Oldroyd, 1924b,
p. 165, pi. 44, fig. 3a, 3b same as Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, pi.
25, figs. 3a, 3b; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4. p. 51, pi. 41, figs.
3a, 3b same as Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, pi. 25, figs. 3a, 3b;
Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 99; Burch, 1943, no. 25, p. 11; 1945, no. 43,
p. 6 ; no. 46, back page

Tellina salmonea (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, p. 276,
pi. 25, figs. 3a, 3b; pi. 46; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 359, section Moerella, see for addi-
tional synonymy; Keen, 1937, p. 26; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI. no. 8. p. 175

Tellina (Peronidia) salmonea (Carpenter) Oinomikado, 1934, Chikyu, vol. 22, no. 4, p.
37-39 text fig.

Anguhis (Peronidia) salmonea (Carpenter), Otuka, 1935, Bull. Earthquake Research In-
stitute, Tokyo Imperial Univ., vol. XIII, pt. 4. p. 898, Miocene — Recent, northern Japan

Tellina salmonea (Carpenter), Keen, 1941, 6th Pacific Sci. Cong., vol. 3, p. 480 no com-
ment; Abbott, 1954, p. 426, pi. 31y

"Maera salmonea, n.s. (Scarcely differs from Angulus.) Small, subquadrate, glossy, sal-
mon-tinted. Beach — 20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639]

"M. testa parva, solida. compacta, subquadrata; laevi, nitente, epidermide tenui cinerea
induta ; extus pallide, intus vivide salmoneo tincta ; marginibus doralibus rectis, ad angulum

*- In the Oldroyd copy (1924), line 4, read rcgnlaritcr for rcgiilarites.

106 MARINE IMOLLUSCA DESCRIBED HV P. V. CARPENTER

120° separatis, umbonibus baud extantibus ; niarginibus antico et vcntrali regulariter late
excurvatis; parte postica brevissima, baud angulata: intus dent. card, utraque valva ii.,
quorum unus bifidus; latcralitnis v. dextr. aequidistantibus, ant. extante, post, parvo ; nympbis
rectis, baud conspicuis ; cicatr. add. post, subrotundata, ant. subrbomboidea ; sinu pallii satis
regulariter ovali, per IV, inter v. partes interstitii porrecto. Long. .57, lat. .45, alt. .11 poll.

"Variat testa aurantiaca, rarius albida, rosaceo tincta.

"Hab. San Francisco (Pac. Rail. E. E.) ; Neeab Bay (Szvan), plentiful; Monterey, 20
fatboms (Cooper).

"In siiape almost close to Maconia crassuh, Desb. (Arctic) ; but tbat species is thinner,
not glossy or salmon-coloured, and bas no lateral teeth." [Carpenter, 1864b, Dec, p. 423]

The specimens in tbc U. S. National Museum which were segregated with the Carpenter
types may not be tbc true types. They have a label "P.P.C." "Vancouver and Neeab Bay,
W.T.J. G. Swan." In tbc case of Carpenter authentic types, tbc original label includes the
word "type." These specimens (two double specimens and two single left valves) would be
proper specimens from which to designate a neotype, since the original types have not been
found. The fact tbat the specimens bear Carpenter's initials, and they are Swan's material,
would identify the suite as original and proper specimens from which to choose a neotype. A
great deal of Swan material identified by Carpenter was distributed by the Smithsonian Insti-
tution to other museums.

Dimensions.- — Specimens U. S. National Museum, no. 73449. Length 14 mm., height 10
mm., thickness (double) 5 mm.; length 14 mm., height 11 mm., thickness (double) 5 mm.;
length 9 mm., height thickness (single) 1+ mm. (each), respectively.

Specimens. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 73449. Specimen figured herein (pi. 9, figs. 17-
19).

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington, Vancouver Island region (type). Aleutian
Islands to San Pedro, California (Dall). Gulf of California (Lowe in Burch, 1945, no. 46
back page). Pleistocene. Miocene (See Grant and Gale, 1931.)

Subgenus Merisca Dall, 1900

Merisca Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,_voI. 23, p. 290

Type species by original designation, Tellina crystallina Wood, 1815, Gen. Conch., p. 149,

fide Dall ; Wood, 1828, Index Test., pi. 3, fig. 10a. Recent. South Carolina to West Indies.

Lower California to Quayaquil. Maxwell Smith, 1937, East Coast Marine Shells, pi.

19, figs. 8a, 8b; 1944, Panamic Marine Shells, no. 834 (fig.)

The species is Tellina crystallina Spengler (1795). See Hertlcin and Strong (1955, p.
198).

Tellina (Merisca) lamellata Car])enter

Tellina lamellata Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 37

Arcopagia lamellata (Carpenter), Coopek, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Gcol. Sur. California, p. 6

Tellina (Arcopagia) lamellata Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 45 section Merisca

Tellina (Merisca) lamellata Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no. 43, p. 6; no. 45, p. 16

T. lamellata was described by Carpenter from Mazatlan. The holotype should be in the
British Museum (Natural History), and the figuring of it belongs with illustrations of the
Mazatlan Catalogue. Dall recorded the species from Mazatlan to San Diego, California. The
synonymy is not intended to be complete.

Genus Apolymetis Salisbury, 1929'^

Apolymetis Sali.sbury, 1929, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 18. pt. VI, p. 258 for Pnly-
metis; p. 255 for Metis H. and A. Adams, 1856, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. II, p. 399. Not
A'fetis Philippi, 1843, nor Gistl, 1848; not Polynietis Walsingham, 1908, for references
see Neave (1939-1940)

43 In regard to Capsa Bruguiere, 1797, see Dcsbayes, 1830, p. 191. Schmidt (1818, p. 56) did
not designate P. deflnrata. Linn, as type of Capsa Bruguiere. He merely cited the species.
Schmidt did designate F. dcflorata as type of Capsa Lamarck. For Capsa Bruguiere 1797,
see Dodge (1947a, p. 488, nomcn nudum).

PELECYPODA 107

Type species by moiiotypy (for Metis H. and A. Adams, 1856) Tellina meyeri Dunker,
Philippi, 1846, Abbild. Beschrieb. Conchyl., vol. 2 Tellina, p. 89, pi. 4, fig. 1. Recent.
East Indies. Reeve, 1867, Conch. Icon., vol. 17, Tellina pi. XXX, fig. 167 {T. mycri)

Apolymetis biangulata (Carpenter)

(PI. 14, fig. 5)

Tellina alta Conrad, 1837, Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliiladelphia, Jour., vol. 7, p. 258; Hanley, 1847,

in Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. I, p. 322, pi. LXII, fig. 200; Carpenter, 1856, Zool. See.

London, Proc, p. 213; Reeve, 1867, Conch. Icon., vol. 17, Tellina, pi. XXVI, fig. 140. Not

Tellina alta Conrad, 1833, Fossil Shells Tert. Form., vol. I, no. 4, p. 41 ; Harris Reprint,

1893, p. 67, Gosport sand Eocene
Scrobicularia biangulata Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIII, p. 230; 1856,

Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 213; 1864b, p. 526; Reprint, 1872, p. 12
Scrobicularia biangularis Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1856, p. 303 error

for biangulata
Lutricola alta (Conrad), Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 595, 639- Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 81, 125,

L. alba, p. 639 error for alta, repeated in Salisbury, 1934, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc,

vol. 21, pt. II, p. 76 error and name nonicn midiiin, therefore reference of no importance;

Carpenter, 1865, Jour. Conchyl., vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 133; Reprint, 1872, p. 301;

Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 6
Metis alta (Conrad), Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 105;

Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XXIII, no. 1210, p. 306; 1900, Wagner Inst. Sci.,

Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1044; Arnold, 1903, p. 160; Dall, 1921, p. 46;

Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 169, pi. 57, fig. 3
Metis biangulata Carpenter, Tryon, 1867, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p.

105
Apolymetis biangulata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 363 see for additional syn-
onymy; WiLLETT, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 390;

BuRCH, 1943, no. 25, p. 16 synonymy, fig. p. 24; 1945, no. 43, p. 9; 1945, no. 45, p. 16, no.

46, back page; 1946, no. 59, pi. XXI, fig. 65; Durham, 1950, Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 43,

p. 89, pi. 24, fig. 1 ; pi. 25, fig. 12; Finch, 1953, California Fish Game Marine Fish., Fish

Bull., no. 90, p. 72, fig. 38

Oldroyd published a copy of Conrad's original description. As has been pointed out by
several authors Conrad's name is preoccupied by his own earlier naming. The next name
available is that of Carpenter (1855, p. 230) ; hence the inclusion of the species in this report.

"? S. t. suborbiculari, subaequilatirali, convexiuscula, striis concentricis vix regularibus,
postice undata, angulis duobus subobsoletis ; ligamento externo tenuissimo, in sulcos alte im-
presso, semi-interne sito; ligamento interno fossa trigonali scalena sito, alteri adjacente;
dentibus cardinalibus in utraque valva duobus, contiguis, vix radiantibus ; cicatricibus muscu-
laribus subovalibus, sinu pallii maximo; alba, intus aureo tincta.

'^Long. 1.5, lat. 1.78, alt. .8 poll.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara; legit T. Nuttall, Esp. Museo suo.

"Differs from S. producta in form and texture, and also in the comparative size of the
external ligament, which in this species is situated in a semi-internal furrow." [Carpenter,
1855, p. 230, v?. biangulata]

"Tellina alta = [(from types) ? Scrobicularia biangulata, Cpr.]" [Carpenter, 1864b, p.
526]

Unfortunately the type of Tellina alta (H. A. Pilsbry, September 30, 1948, personal com-
munication) is not extant. Information concerning the holotype of A. biangulata was fur-
nished by G. L. Wilkins (Alarch 2, 1951, and July 10, 1951, personal communication), and the
photograph of the specimen was provided by the officials of the British Museum (Natural
History).

//o/o^y/'r.— British Museum (Natural History), 61.5.20.117

Distribution. — Recent. Near Santa Barbara, California (A. alta (Conrad) type) ; Santa
Barbara, California (A. biangulata (Carpenter), type) ; Point Conception, California, to San
Quintin, Lower California (Finch). Pleistocene. Pliocene. Miocene. (See Grant and Gale,
1931.)

Genus Macoma Leach, 1819

Macoma Leach in Ross, 1819, Voyage H.M.S. Isabella and Alexander Discovery Baffin's
Bay, 1st ed., app. II, p. LXII

108 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Type species by monotypy Maconia tcncra Leach in Ross, 1819, \'oyage H.M.S. Isabella
Discovery Baffin's Bay, 1st ed., app. II, p. LXII = Tellina caJcarea Gmelin, 1791, Syst.
Nat., 13 ed., pt. VI, p. 3236. Recent. Arctic to Japan and Alaska, Pacific Ocean; Long
Island Sound, Atlantic Ocean. Oldroyd, 1924, pi. 42, fig. 5. For svnonymy, see Grant and
Gale, 1931, p. 369

Distribution of gcmus. — Eocene — Recent: Eocene — Recent, Western Hemisphere; Miocene
— Recent, Europe

Macoma expansa Carpenter

(PI. 13, figs. 1-3)
Macoma ? var. expansa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 639; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 125; 1865, Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 56; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 5
Macoma expansa Carpenter, Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p.

101; Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 2i, no. 1210, p. 308; 1900, Wagner Free

Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1052; 1921, p. 48; Oldroyd, 1924b, p.

176; Keen, 1937, p. 22; Burch, 1943, no. 25, p. 21 ; 1945, no. 43, p. 15; 1945, no. 45, p. 17

"Macoma (? v.) expansa. Adult broken; young living. Belongs to a group of forms
classed together by some writers under lata or proxima, but the characters of the hinge and
mantle-bend have not yet been sufficiently studied." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602]

"Macoma ? var. expansa Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth not bifid,
very thin, glossy. Scarcely diff"ers from lata, Desh. in B. M. Greenland." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 639]

The description of 1865 was republished by Oldroyd (1924, p. 177). To the portion re-
printed should be added the remaining part of Carpenter's description as follows:

"Hah. — In sinu Pugetiano raissime legit Kennerley.

"A. 'M. lata, Gmel.' Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit, vix differt, specimine Groenlandico ; sed M.
latae et calcarae in Mus. Cumingiano textura et dentibus baud convenit. Species quaedam hu-
jusce formae, extus similiores, intus dentibus et sinu pallii satis differunt." [Carpenter, 1865e,
p. 56]

Dall (1900, p. 308) regarded the type material mixed as to specific identity. The species
has been doubted by authors since Dall.

The specimens, two diff'erent valves, marked types in the U. S. National Museum, bear the
label "Types. Dr. Kennerly. Puget Sound." This label coincides with Carpenter's original
statement as to locality (1864b, p. 602, 639).

If Dall doubted what the characters of the species were, it does not seem logical to main-
tain, until the identity of the species is known, the extent of distribution as given by Dall.
Arnold (1903, p. 161) furnished the information that specimens in the State Collection at the
University of California labelled "ilf . expansa" were M. calcarea Gmelin.

Burch (1943, p. 21) stated that the species is "unknown to any member of the Concho-
logical Club of Southern California." Considering that the type has never been figured and
only general information is available concerning the shell, it is not surprising that the form
is not known.

The hinge and unbonal area of the smaller specimen, a left valve, are broken. The right
valve is figured herein.

Type. — U. S. National Museum, no. 3910, two valves

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (Kennerley, type)

Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter
(PI. 14, figs. 2-4)
Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 611, 639; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 97, 125; 1865,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 55; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 5; Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 104;
Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 23, no. 1210, p. 309; Arnold, 1903, p. 165, pi.
XVI, fig. 6; Packard, 1918, Univ. California, Pub. Zoology, vol. 14, p. 280, pi. 25, fig. 6;
Dall, 1921, p. 48; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 54, pi. 41,
fig. 6 same as Packard, 1918, pi. 25, fig. 6; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 177, pi. 44, fig. 6 same as
Packard, 1918, pi. 25, fig. 6; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 373; Keen, 1937, p. 22; Burch,
1943, no. 25, p. 22, fig.; 1945, no. 43, p. 15; 1945, no. 45, p. 17; no. 46, back page

PELECYPODA

109

"Macoma yoldiformis, n.s. one valve." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602 Vancouver district]
"Macoma yoldiformis, S. Diego. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.)." [Carpenter,1864b, p. 611]
"Macoma voldifonnis, n.s. Small, white, glossy, very transverse; ligament-area scooped-

out." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 639]

To the republished Carpenter description of 1865 in Oldroyd (1924, p. 176) the following

should be added :

"Hab. In Pacifico Boreali primum piscavit Belcher : dein valvas duas in sinu Pugetiano
Kennerley: postea prope San Diegonem, Cooper: rarissime." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 55]

The "holotype" consists of one left valve labelled, "Type. Neeah Bay, J. G. Swan." On
the back of the label the inscription "also 14842-15587 San Pedro, Cooper. (Puget Sound)"
is given.

Kennerley is stipulated as the collector of the original Puget Sound specimen mentioned
by Carpenter. Since the present marked type has "J. G. Swan,"*^ it is apparent that the Swan
specimen is not the individual specified in the original description.

Inasmuch as the present "type" is from the general type locality and no other specimen
labelled "type" has been preserved, the specimen in the U. S. National Museum would be
appropriate to be designated as a neotype.

Specimen figured.- — U. S. National Museum, no. 4507

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington, to San Diego, California (Dall). Plio-
cene-]Miocene. California (See Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 373) Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan,
1926 ; Hertlein, 1934)

Subgenus Rexithaerus Conrad in Tryon. 1869

Rexithaerus Conrad in Trvox, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 104,

pub. also suppl. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 4, pt. 5, 1869; Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 23, no. 1210, p. 292, as "? section".
Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 23, no.

1210, p. 292, Macoma secta Conrad, 1837, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour. ser. 1, vol.

VII, p. 257. Living. Vancouver Island to Gulf of California. Oldroyd, 1924, pi. 44, fig. 8

Distribution of subgenus. — Miocene — Recent. West Coast

Macoma (Rexithaerus) indentata Carpenter
(PI. 16, figs. 1, 2)

Macoma indentata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 639: Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 125: 1866, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 208; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. 5: Tryon, 1869. Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 102: Dall, 1900,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 23, no. 1210, p. 309 section Rexithaerus: Dall, 1900. Wag-
ner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. V, p. 1053 section Rexithaerus:
Arnold. 1903, p. 161, pi. XVI, fig. 1 ; Packard. 1918. Univ. California Pub. Zoology, vol.
14, p. 277. pi. 25, fig. 4; Dall, 1921, p. 48 section Rexithaerus; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Station, vol. 4, p. 55, pi. 41, fig. 4; 1924b, p. 178, pi. 44, fig. 4 same figure as in
Packard. 1918. pi. 25. fig. 4; Grant and Gale. 1931. p. 374 section Rexithaerus: Keen,
1937, p. 22: Burch, 1943, no. 25, p. 23, fig. section Rexithaerus; 1945, no. 43, p. 15; 1945,
no. 45, p. 17 ; no. 46, back page

Macoma {indentata Carpenter, var. ?) tenuirostris Dall, 1900, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
XXIII, no. 1210, p. 309, 324; 1921, p. 48; Oldroyd, 1924b. p. 178

"Maconm indentata, n.s. S. Diego." [Carpenter. 1864b. p. 611]

"Macoma indentata, n.s. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and ventrally produced."
[Carpenter. 1864b. p. 639]

"State Collection, no. 365.

"M. t. 'M. sectae' simili ; sed postice valde rostrata, sinu inter plicam et regionem ventra-
lem valde expansam indentato.

"Long. 2.20. lat. 1.40, alt. 0.56.

"Hab. San Pedro, (young, living. Palmer;) large dead valves. Cooper.

44 Mr. J. G. Swan and the Indian children of Neah Bay, Washington, collected a large
number of shells which were sent to the Smithsonian Institution. Many of Carpenter's types
were from those collections. Duplicates were freely distributed to other organizations where
the specimens are still available bearing the Smithsonian label with J. G. Swan as collector.
(See Carpenter, 1864b, p. 626; Reprint, 1872, p. 112, 235.)

110 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED 15V 1'. I'. CARPENTER

"Dififers from M. unibonclla, Lam., in its sccta-Wkc postligamcntal wing. This being rubbed
off in the large dead valves, the shell has the aspect of a very distinct species." [Carpenter,
1866, p. 208]

The holotype consists of a right valve collected in a dead but well-preserved condition. The
specimen is labelled "Cotype San Pedro, Cooper." The shell and label may thus be identified
as that of Carpenter's description of 1865. There is only the one specimen at present.

Dall described the "variety" tenuirostris of this species (1900, p. 309, 324). On the back
of the label of the type of M. indentata is written "var. tenuirostris Dall." Dall (1900, p. 324)
stated, "For the rostrate form, pending the acquisition of more and fresh material, I would
propose the varietal name of tenuirostris. It measures long. 55, alt. 2>2i, and diam. 16 mm."
Those dimensions are the same (approximately of height and diameter) of the specimen no.
15229, which is the type of M. indentata, as indicated in the U. S. National Museum collec-
tions. The other specimens which Carpenter mentioned are not now available so that the
specimen which Dall thought differed varietally from the typical is the lone type of the spe-
cies. Willett {in Burch, 1945, no. 43, p. 16) doubted the validity of Dall's subspecies.

Specimens in some collections labelled this species are higher and more rounded anteriorly
than the holotype. This may be the difference which Dall accounted for.

Holotype.— \J. S. National Museum, no. 15229

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro. California (type) ; Puget Sound, Wasliington, to
Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene. (See Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 374,
375.)

Etherington (1931. p. 85, pi. 10, figs. 3, 4) described a subspecies of this species from the
Astoria formation, middle Miocene, of western Washington.

Family Semelidae

Genus Semele Schumacher, 1817

Semele Schumacher, 1817, Essais Nouv. Syst., p. 165

Type species by original designation, TcUiua reticulata Spengi.ek'''^ = T. proficua Pultenev,

1799, Hutchins Hist. Dorsetshire, p. 29, pi. V, fig. 4. Recent. Eastern United States,

Virginia to West Indies. L. Perry, 1940, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 26, no. 95, pi. 16.

fig. 103 ; L. Perry and Schwengel, 1955, Marine Shells of Western Coast of Florida,

pi. 16, fig. 103, same figure as in Perry

Semele incongrua Carpenter

(PI. 14, figs. 7-10)

Semele incongrua Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 640; Reprint, 1872. p. 97, 126; 1866 [date from
page], Feb., California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. III. p. 208; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 6; Tryon, 1869, Cat. Tellinidae, Acad. Nat. Sci.. Philadelphia,
p. 120; Dall, 1915. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 67, p. 27; 1921, p. 49
OLnROYi), 1924, p. 181, pi. 11, figs. 12. 13; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 377; Keen. 1937,
p. 25; Burch, 1945, no. 43, p. 18; 1945, no. 45, p. 17; Hertlein and Strong, 1949, Zoo-
logica, New York Zool. Soc, vol. 34, pt. 4, p. 248

"Semele incongrua, n.s. Catalina Is., 40-60 fm. ; common." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611]
"Semele incongrua, n.s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculpture differing in r. and 1.
valves: fine radiating striae all over. 40-60 fm. c. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 640]

A copy of the original description is given in Oldroyd. To complete the copy the follow-
ing should be added :

"Hah. Santa Barbara. 16 fm. 1 valve; Catalina Island, 40-60 fm., not uncommon; Cooper."
[Carpenter, 1866, p. 208]

Line 3, correct "raditim" to read "radiatim."

Oldroyd, followed by Grant and Gale, gave the type as in the California State Collection,
no. 1061. Such information is merely the original number as stated by Carpenter and does
not indicate the present whereabouts of the specimens. To date the type has not been found.

45 Skrtft. Nat. Selsk, vol. 4, H. 2, p. 115. Complete reference is not at present available
or verified.

rELF.CYPOt>A

111

There is in the Redpath Museum a Carpenter glass mount with 7 specimens (2 pairs)
of Semclc incongrua. Besides the specific name the mount bears a Carpenter label of
"Catalina Is. 40-60 fm. Cooper." This material would be appropriate from which to choose
a lectotype for the species.

The interior of the shell of the above specimens is pinkish, iiarticularly at the hinge. The
surface of the shell has coarse concentric lines which are coarser on the right valve. The
concentric ribs are wider apart on the posterior end. They divide at the umbonal line and
extend as two ribs over the remainder of the surface. Radiating microscopic lines are de-
veloped between the concentric ribs. There is a suggestion of brownish or i)inkish rays over
the exterior. One of the double specimens (broken) measures 17 mm. in length. Another
specimen measures 18 mm. in length and 13 mm. in height.

A subspecies of this species from the Pleistocene of Deadman Island, San Pedro Harlxjr,
was described by Arnold. ^^

In April, 1953, William K. Emerson of the Museum of Paleontology at the University of
California sent to the writer 10 (2 doubles) specimens (no. 2389) of S. inconyrua Carpenter
from Santa Catalina Island which were marked as Cooper Collection. There are no other
original marks on the label or specimen which identify any of the specimens as type or
syntypes. One of the specimens is not Scmcle but a Tellina. The remaining 9 fall into the
same category as that of the McGill specimens. In the University of California suite is 1
double which has alx)ut the measurements of Carpenter's original dimensions, 0.58 long (14.74
mm.) X .40 lat. (10.16 mm.). The writer includes an illustration of that shell (pi. 14, figs.
7-10). The cardinal hinge area and interior umbonal region are rose-tinted as originally
described. There are three larger specimens, two right valves 24 mm. and 23 mm. length
each, and a left valve, 20 mm. length. The whole interior of the largest specimen is rosy and
rosy pink. The others are white or pinkish.

Measurements, specimen figured. — Length, 14.25 + mm. ; height, 10 + mm. ; right valve.
Length, 14 mm. ; height, 9 -\- mm., left valve

Type. — Not found

Specimen figured — no. 33453, Museum of Paleontology, University of California

Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to the Coronado
Islands, California (Dall). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Family G.\RIDAE

Genus Gari Schumacher, 1817

(Psammobia Lamarck, 1818, An. s. Vert., p. 511)

Gari Schum.acher, 1817, Essais Nouv. Syst. Habit. Vers Test., p. 44, 131, pi. IX, fig. 2;
Stew.-vrt, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Sp. Pub. no. 3, p. 280

Type species by tautonymy Gari vulgaris Schumacher = Tellina gari Schumacher not
Linnaeus = T. faeroensis or T. feroensis = T. fervensis Gmelin, 1791, p. 3235. Recent.
Northern Europe. Schum.'^cher, 1817, Essais Nouv. Syst. Habit. Vers Test., pi. IX, fig.
2 hinge; Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1895, Moll. Marins du Roussillon, t. 2,
pi. 70, figs. 10-16

Subgenus Gobraeus Leach in Gray, 1852

Gobraeus Leach, ms. name in Brown, 1844, Recent Conch. Great Britain and Ireland, 2d
ed., p. 102 in synonymy of Psammobia vespertina Lamarck, Gray, 1852, Moll. Brit.
Synopsis, p. 265

Type species by monotvpy G. variabilis Leach = Solen vespertimis Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat.,
13 ed., pt. VI, p. 3228. Recent. British Isles. Brown, 1844, Recent Conch. Great Britain
and Ireland, 2d ed., pi. XL, fig. 3; Forbes and Hanley, 1848, Hist. British Moll., vol. I,
pi. XIX, figs. 1, 2

The use (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1895; Sacco, 1901; Alakiyama, 1934; Habe,
1952; Abbott, 1954) of Psammocola Blainville, 1824, for Gobraeus: Leach in Gray, 1852, is
not verified by the record.

46 5". incongrua montereyi Arnold, 1903, p. 166, pi. 15, figs. 3, 3a (not 4, 4a). Described
as S. pulchra montereyi by Arnold.

112 MARIXE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Blainville (1824, p. 349) inaugurated Psammocola with three sections, with an example
under each. Psammocola vespertimlis ("E.M. [Ency. Method.] pi. 231, f. 3, abc" [no "c" on
plate]) was given under section "A". Blainville (1825, p. 567) repeated the original descrip-
tion with specific reference but in addition to the same reference (E.M. [Ency. Method.] pi.
231, fig. 3 abc) he added another figure (pi. LXXVII, fig. 4). The two figures do not
represent the same species. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus (1895, p. 485) made the type
designation for the genus, "P. vespertinalis Blainville (= vespertina = dcpressa"). This type
designation was repeated by Sacco (1901, p. 10). The Sacco designation has been used by
Makiyama (1934, p. 154) and Habe (1952, p. 203). However, that of Bucquoy, Dautzenberg,
and Dollfus (1895) has priority.

The type designation of P. vespertina is not valid for the species P. vespertinalis Blain-
ville, as typified by the only original reference given, and is not the same as P. vespertina
(Gmelin). The second reference (1825) as illustrated does represent P. vespertina (Gmelin)
(Chemnitz, 1784, pi. 7, figs. 59, 60), but that species was an after thought of Blainville and
hence does not enter into the original description. Reeve (1856, pi. I) pointed out that
Blainville's figure (1824, pi. 231 under caption "Capsa") represented a species like Venus
deflorata Linn, (see Capsa in Reeve, 1856, pi. I). That observation is true. The species
figured (Bruguiere, 1797) 3, a b, pi. 231, Ency. Meth. is sculptured with coarse radiating
ribs and is not the same species as Blainville figured later (1825, pi. LXXVII, fig. 4).

Psammocola Blainville, 1824, must stand on the original figure, and the name of Blain-
ville, 1824, preoccupies Blainville, 1825. Hence the type designations of Bucquoy, Dautzenberg,
and Dollfus (1895) and Sacco (1901) are not valid. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus in
the synonymy of P. vespertina (Gmelin) [= P. depressa (Pennant)] (1895, p. 485) did not
include the P. vespertinalis Blainville, 1824, but gave "P. vespertinalis" Blainville, 1825 [in
part], pi. LXXVII, fig. 4. This is indirect evidence that they did not regard the first refer-
ence as equivalent to P. vespertina (Gmelin).

Gari (Gobraeus) californica (Conrad)

Psammobia rubroradiata Nuttall ms., Carpenter

(PI. 16, figs. 3-5, 7)

"Psammobia riibraradiata Nuttall ms. in Carpenter." described by Carpenter, in 1865, de-
termined by Dall in 1898 as equivalent to P. californica Conrad, 1848 [1849], Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 4, p. 121 not described, name for Conrad, 1837, Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., vol. VII, pi. 19, fig. 3
Sanqxiinolaria ruhro-radiata "Conrad," Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., pt.

XXIV, p. 212 not described, California; 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p.

195, Nuttall ms. not described, California; 1860, Smith, Alisc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 1

name only
Psammobia rubroradiata "Nuttall," Carpenter, 1864b, p. 540, Monterey, California; p. 563

Puget Sound, p. 602 Vancouver dist., p. 638 Puget Sound; Vancouver Island, San Diego;

Reprint, 1872, p. 26, 49, 88, 124 {riibro-radiata) ; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc,

vol. 17, p. 55 "Nutt. MS. described"; "Conrad," Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.

Sur. California, p. 5; "Nutt.," Williamson, 1898, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 15, no.

898, p. 185
Gari (Psammacola) rubrolineata Nuttall, Carpenter, Tryon, 1867. Cat. Family Tellinidae,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 77 error for rubroradiata
Psammobia californica Conrad, Dall, 1898, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 50, p.

61 fide Dall; Weymouth, 1920, California Fish Game Comm., Fish Bull. no. 4, pi. 14,

fig. 1
Psamtnobia (Gobraeus) californica Conrad, Dall, 1921, p. 49; in part Oldrovd, 1924b, p.

185, pi. 43, fig. 5 copy of Conrad's type figure
Gari (Gobraeus) californica (Conrad), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 382 in part, which see for

additional synonymy of G. californica (Conrad).

The first mention which Carpenter made to "Psammobia rubroradiata" (as Sanquinolaria)
was as of Conrad from the Nuttall Collection from California. The vicissitudes of the publi-
cation of the Nuttall Collection of molluscan species is explained in detail by Carpenter

PELECYPODA

113

(1857b, p. 192-202). By 1864 he realized that Conrad had not used Nuttall's name in descrip-
tion. Also in 1864 Carpenter began to include Puget Sound- Vancouver Island specimens in
the distribution of the species, for he then identified the species from Dr. Kennerley's and
J. G. Swan's material. If the meagre lines of description of the species (1864b, p. 638) by
Carpenter should constitute description the type locality could be either in Washington or
California.

When Carpenter fully described the species (1865e) the material that from his descrip-
tion would qualify as type material was that of Dr. Kennerley from the Puget Sound region
(see title of paper).

The above analysis is pertinent to establish a lectotype for the name Carpenter used for
this species and hence verify its identity with that of the species previously named by
Conrad.

Early material of the Carpenter species so far discovered are two specimens in the
British Museum (Natural History), Mollusca Section (G. L. Wilkins, June 16, and July 10,
1950, personal commvmication) labelled Psammohia ruhroradiata Nuttall from California, in
the Cuming Collection with an ancient notation "Neiah Bay" on the back of the tablet bearing
the shells. Mr. Wilkins w-rote,

"I have further examined the two shells labelled ruhroradiata and have come to the con-
clusion that there are two species on the tablet, the largest of which has pinkish radiations on
the outside of the shell, inside pure white and came from the Cuming coll.

"There seems little doubt therefore that the shell was sent to Cuming by Nuttall or Jay
with the manuscript label which is now attached to the back of the tablet, with the locality
'Neiah Bay.' "

The Neah Bay label might identify one of the specimens from the Swan collection, for that
is the material Carpenter referred to in 1864. Swan and the InSian children were the chief
collectors of material which Carpenter worked on from Neah Bay, Washington. There
could be a mixture of labels and specimens, and material from both areas could have been
grouped together.

G. L. Wilkins wrote (March 2, 1951 and July 10, 1951 personal communication) that cer-
tain specimens of the Nuttall Collection were available and included "Sangumolaria ruhroradi-
ata Conrad." This shell was one of a lot purchased by the British Museum in 1861 from
Nuttall's executors. The specimen, of which a photograph is included, has on the front of
the tablet which bears the specimen, "Sanquinolaria ruhroradiata Conr. Coll. Nuttall." On
the back is the following, "Sanquinolaria ruhroradiata Conr. I doubt whether this is the
rubror of Conr. V his figure. It is at any rate = Psammohia lilacina Cpr. MSS. U. Cal.
P.P.C." [pencilled note by Cpr. and initialled by his monogram].

The enlarged photograhs included here (pi. 16, figs. 3-5) were made through the
courtesy of the British Museum. The writer chose one specimen as the lectotype of P.
ruhroradiata Carpenter. It is conspecific with Gari calif ornica (Conrad).

Lectotype.— British Museum (Natural History), 61.5.20.88

Distribution. — California (type). Same as P. calif ornica Conrad.

Gari (Gobraeus) regularis (Carpenter)
(PI. 15, figs. 1-6)

Psammohia (? Amphichaena) rcqularis Carpexter, 1864b, p. 618: Reprint, 1872, p. 104;

1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., sen 3, vol. XIII, p. 312; Reprint, 1872, p. 210; Tryon, 1869,

Catalogue Family Tellinidae, Philadelphia, p. 78
Psammohia {Gobraeus) regularis (Carpenter), Dall, 1898, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

Proc, vol. 50, p. 57; Dall, 1921, p. 49; Oldroyd, 1924. p. 184
Gari (Gobraeus) regularis (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 20; Burch, 1945, no. 43, p. 21 ; 1945,

no. 45, p. 17

A copy of the original description of this species is given in Oldroyd. The species was
described from Cape St. Lucas. Dall (1921) extended the range to San Diego, California.

114 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY I'. P. CARPENTER

Burch does not report tlie species from the coast of the State of California. The type is
figured in this report because of the possible extension into the California fauna.

Holotypc. — U. S. National Museum, no. 19407 (one double shell)

Distribution. — Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Xantus {"legit.") (type) ; San Diego,
California, to Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Dall).

Genus Tagelus (iray, 1847

Tagelus Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XV, p. 189

Type species bv original designation SoJen qtiincn.<;is Gray. 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,
pt. XV, p. '189 = S. (lihbus Si'ENGi-ER, "1794, Skrift. Nat. Selsk., vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 104
fide Gardner, 1943. Recent. Guinea, West Coast Africa. Sowerby in Reeve, 1874, Conch.
Icon., vol. 19, Solcn. pi. IV, fig. 15 .9. Guincensis. T. gibbits (Spengler) as of Dall is in-
cluded from the Yorktown Miocene of Virginia, Pliocene-Pleistocene East Coast and
Florida, and living Cape Cod to Brazil by Gardner (1943)

Tagelus politus Carpenter

Soleciirtus politus Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 27

Tagelus politus (Carpenter), Dall, 1898, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Proc, vol. 50,
p. 59 section Mesopleura; Keen, 1937, p. 26; Burch, 1945, no. 43, p. 23; 1945, no. 45,
p. 18

Tagelus californianns Conrad, Smith, 1944, Panamic Afarine Shells, p. 64 T. politus con-
sidered young of T. calijornianus Conrad

This species was described from Mazatlan by Carpenter. The type should be, therefore,
in the Mazatlan Collection at the British Museum (Natural History). The illustration of the
type would be properly with the figuring of that collection. The species is included herein
because the range of the species has been described as extending north to the Santa Barbara
region (Keen, 1937). Burch (1945, no. 43, p. 23) enumerated the problems involved in the
questionable identifications of the species.

Family Solenidae
Genus Solen Linnaeus, 1758

Solen Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 672

Type species by subsequent designation. Children, 4" 1822, Quart. Jour. .Sci., vol. XIV, p. 83,

pi. 4, fig. 26; Reprint, 1931, p. 5, 5". vagina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 672

in part.

Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus (1893, fasc. XXII, p. 498) pointed out that the
Solen vagina of Linnaeus was a mixture of a European species (later named 5". marginatiis
Pennant, 1774) and an Indian species. The Linnaean reference in Rumphius is to a shell
abruptly truncated anteriorly and rounded posteriorly. Authors such as Wood (1835, p. 210),
although calling the European form .9. 7'agina. admitted that the Linnaean references are to
the Indian form [S. vagina Linn.]. Recent. East Indies. Sowerby in Reeve, 1874, Conch.
Icon., vol. 19, Solcn, pi. II, fig. 6 as 5". brcvis Gray. (Habitat i^robably not American as
given.)

Solen rosaceus Carpenter

Solen ? sicarius, var rosaceus. Carpenter, 1864b, p. 536, 638; Reprint, 1872, p. 22, 124; 1865,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 177; Reprint, 1872, p. 279

Solen ro.mceus Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Cieog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 5 ; 1888,
7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 265; Dall, 1899, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 22, no. 1185, p. 108; 1900. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt.
V, p. 952; Arnold, 1903, p. 171; Weymouth, 1920, California Fish Game Com., Fish
Bull., no. 4, p. 50, pi. 15, fig. 3; Dall, 1921. p. 50; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 188 not pi. 49, fig. 6;
Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 386 see for additional synonymy; Keen, 1937, p. 25; Burch,
1945, no. 43, p. 27; 1945, no. 45, p. 18; Finch, 1953, California Fish Game Marine Fish.,
Fish Bull., no. 90, p. 76, fig. 42

4^ The reference to Schumacher given by authors as type designator is not valid. Although
no designation was made, a single species, .S". ragi)ui Linn., was listed, so that the generic
status remains the same as in the case of the Ciiildren designation.

PELF.CYPOnA

115

"Solen ? var rosaceus. Straight, narrower, longer, smaller, glossy, rosy." [Carpenter,
1864b. p. 638]

"S. testa S. sicario simili, sed minore ; multo augustiore, elongata, recta, extus et intus
rosacea ; epidermide tenui, valde nitente. Long. .27, lat. .5, alt. .2)2 poll.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jezvett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper)." [Carpenter 1865h, p. 177]

The type of this species has not been found. It was never figured, and Weymouth (1920)
and Finch (1953) seem to be the only ones who have presented a figure of the species. The
type is not in the British Museum (Natural History) (G. L. Wilkins, May 22, 1950, per-
sonal communication) as stated by Oldroyd.

Tlirough the kindness of William K. Emerson of the Museum of Paleontology at the
University of California, a specimen of Solen rosaceus loc. "no. 42" from their early col-
lections was examined and photographed. This specimen was a fossil embedded in fine
hardened sand probably lower Pleistocene. The original description described the species
as "glossy, rosy" and "epidermide tenui" ; therefore, the types would have to have been Re-
cent shells. Because the specimen which was photographed by Emerson could not be a type,
the illustration is not included herein.

Types. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara or San Pedro, California (type) ; Humboldt Bay,
California, to Mazatlan, Gulf of California (Finch). Pleistocene. Pliocene. Miocene. (See
Grant and Gale, 1931.)

Family Mactridae
Genus Darina Gray, 1853

Darina Gray, 1853, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 11, p. 42

Type species by monotypy D. solcnoides [King], 1831, Zool. Jour., vol. V, p. 335 as Erycina.
Recent. Straits of Magellan. Gray, Griffith and Pidgeon (Cuvier), 1834, Animal
Kingdom, pi. 22, fig. 1 as Mesodesma; H. and A. Adams, 1858, Gen. Rec. Moll., HI, pi.
CI, fig. 2, 2a; Lamy, 1914, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. LXII, p. 28, 29, fig. of hinge

Darina declivis Carpenter
(Pl. 14. figs. 1, lA)
Darina dccliins Carpenter, 1864b, p. 607, 637; Reprint, 1872, p. 93, 123; 1865, Feb. 14, Zool.
Soc. London, Proc. 1865, p. 203; Reprint, 1872, p. 251; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 4; Ball, 1894, Nautilus, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 42, 43; 1898, Wagner
Free Inst. Sci.. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. IV, p. 890; 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 26, no. 1312, p. 408

"D. t. tenuissima, planata, elliptica, Machaeraeformi, utroque latere hiante ; cinerea, epi-
dermide fortiore induta ; marginibus regulariter excurvatis ; umbonibus baud conspicuis, ad
duas inter quinque partes longtiudinis postice sitis : intus cartilagine spathula elongata, dorsum
versus utraque valva decliviter sita, a ligamento lamina extante tenuissima separata ; dente
cardinali laminato, extante, curtiore ; lateralibus vix conspicuis ; sinu pallii ovali, fere ad
medium porrecto.

"Long. 1.77, lat. .85, alt. .34 poll.

"Hab. Vancouver's Island (Forbes).

"The only other species of Darina known is from the Straits of Maghellan [sic]. The
northern shell may have been passed over as the young of Machacra patula, to which it bears
a strong external resemblance." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 203]

The holotype of this species consists of one double specimen in the Redpath Aluseum at
McGill University. The specimen is mounted on an original Carpenter glass mount with a
Carpenter label of "(unique type) Vancouver Dr. Forbes."

There is no doubt of the authenticity of the holotype, but there is uncertainty as to the
proper locality of the shell.

Carpenter brought out the fact of the unique distribution of the species but did not ques-
tion that the shell came from Vancouver. The species has not been reported from the North-
west since the original citation, and Dall doubted the correctness of the original label. Now
that the shell is illustrated perhaps collectors may note its proper locale.

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 101

Distribution. — "Vancouver Isl.," British Columbia (type)

116 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

Family Myacidae (Myidae)
Genus Sphenia Turton, 1822

Sphenia Turton, 1822, Conch, insul. Brit., p. 36

Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., p. 190, S.

Binghami Turton, 1822, Conch, insul. Brit., pi. 3, figs. 4, 5 ; pi. 19, fig. 3. Recent. British

Isles

Sphenia fragilis Carpenter

Sphaenia fragilis Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Alazatlan Shells, p. 24; Dall, 1921, p. 53; Oldroyd,
1924b, p. 200 ; Burcii, 1945, no. 44, p. 27 ; 1945, no. 45, p. 19

This species was described by Carpenter in his Mazatlan Catalogue. Since the illustration
of the species properly belongs in that unit, a figure of the species has not been sought for
this report. The type material consists of numerous specimens in the British Museum. Many
specimens of the first duplicate set of this species are in the Mazatlan Collection in Albany,
New York (Palmer, 1951, p. 13).

Dall (1921) reported the range of the species from Oregon to Mazatlan. Oldroyd (1924)
stated that the distribution extended to Vancouver Island, but Keen (1937 and Burch (1945)
agreed with Dall (1921) as to the northern range.

Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter
(PI. 15, figs. 7-10)
Sphaenia ovoidea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 602, 6Z7 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 88, 123; 1865, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 54 Shaenia [sic] ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 4; Tryon, 1869, Cat. Corbulidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 67
Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 53; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 200; Keen, 1937, p. 25;
BuRCH, 1945, no. 44, p. 27; 1945, no. 45, p. 19

"Sphaenia ovoidea, n.s. Siphonal area small ; front excurved ; mantle-bend large." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 637]

A copy of the description (1865e) was given by Oldroyd. The following lines which
complete that description should be added :

"Hah. In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum piscavit Kennerley.

"A Sph. ? Binghami 'Searles Wood Crag, vix differt.' [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 54]

The holotype is mounted on the original Carpenter glass mount with Carpenter label,
"Type 4552." No locality is on the glass, but the label with the specimen states, "Puget
Sound Kennerly [sic]." There is an additional vial in the same box with fragments.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4552

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound,
Washington, and San Diego, California (Dall). Although Oldroyd (1924a, p. 62) included
S. fragilis Carpenter in the fauna of Puget Sound she did not mention S. ovoidea Carpenter,
the type locality of which is that area.

Family Corbulidae
Genus Corbula J'ruguiere, 1797'^
(Aloides Mergerle von Miihlfeld, 1811)
Corbula Bruguikre, 1797, Tableau encyclopcdique ct niethodique des trois regnes de la na-
ture, tome II [title page], liv. 62, pi. 230. Ruled as "indication" for purposes of Article
25, 1950, Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, pts. 10-12, p. 255
Type species by subsequent designation, Schmidt, 1818, Versuch. Einricht. Conchyl.-Samml.,
p. 77, 177, Corbula sulcata Lamarck, 1801, Syst. An. sans Vert., p. 137 for Corbula La-
marck, 1801 = BRU(;riKKE, 1797; C. sulcata Lamarck, Bkuccikre, 1797, pi. 230, lig. 1,
a, b, c (not named). Recent. Senegal. Reeve, 1843, Conch. Icon., vol. 2, Corbula, pi. 1,
fig. 2

^^ See Sherborn and Woodward (1906, p. 577-582) for correct dates of parts of Bruguiere
(1797)

PELECYPODA

117

For reference data of Curbula, see Gardner (1926, 1928), Stewart (1930), Winckworth
(1930) Grant and Gale (1931), and Yokes (1945). The settlement as to author and type
species is now based on decisions made by the International Commission on Zoological No-
menclature, 1948 (Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, pts. 7-9, p. 159-160, 346; pts. 10-12, p. 255,
1950).

Corbula polychroma Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter

Corbula polychroma Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,
pt. XXTV. p. 198; Carpenter. 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 226, 228, 300;
1864b, p. 534, 553; Reprint, 1872, p. 20, 39; 1863, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., p. 31 ; Reprint,
1872, p. 205

The specimens described under this name from the Cuming Collection and Jcwctt Collec-
tion were later identified by Carpenter (1863, p. 31 ; 1864b, p. 534, 553) as the same as C. bira-
diafa Sowerby. Carpenter (1863, p. 31) corrected Jewett's locality label of "Santa Barbara,"
and suggested that the specimens probably came from "Panama or Acapulco." The name may
be delected from the list of specific names, and the record of an occurrence of such a Corbula
from the upper California waters may be eliminated.

Subgenus Lentidium Cristofori and Jan, 1832

{Corbulomya Nyst, 1845)

Lentidium Cristofori and Jan, 1832, Catalogus, sect. 2, p. 8 ; AIantis.sa Test., p. 4. See
VoKES. 1945, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull., vol. 86, art. 1, p. 24

Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1898, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia,
Trans., vol. Ill, pt. IV, p. 838, Lentidium maatlatiim Cristofori and Jan = Corbula
mediterranea Costa, 1829, Cat. Test. Sicilie, p. XIV, pi. 1, fig. 6 a, b, c fide Monterosato,
1884, Nomen. Gen. Spec. Conch. Medit., p. 30. Recent. Mediterranean. Vokes, 1945, Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull., vol. 86, art. 1, pi. 4, figs. 23-27

The exact status of the genus (Vokes, 1945) or subgenus (Grant and Gale, 1931) is still
indefinite, for there is doubt concerning the species of Cristofori and Jan. Vokes (1945, p.
23) made a new subfamily to include the genus. He figured the type species.

Corbula (Lentidium) luteola Carpenter

(PI. 15, figs. 13-18)

Corbula luteola Carpenter, 1864b, p. 611, 637; Reprint, 1872, p. 97, 123; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, pt. Ill, p. 207; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 4; Tryon, 1869, Cat. Corbulidae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 65; Keep,

1887, West Coast Shells, p. 204; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur.,

p. 236; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p. 183; Arnold, 1903, p. 181

in part, not pi. XVII, fig. 11; Dall, 1921, p. 53; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 203 also var. rosea

Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p._183.
Corbula luteola rosea Williamson, 1905, So. California Acad. Sci., Bull., vol. IV, pt. 8, p.

120 Not C. rosea Leach in Brown, 1844, 111. Recent Conch. Great Britain and Ireland,

2d ed., p. 105
Corbula {Lentidium) luteola (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 421, pi. 19, figs. 2, 7;

Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells, (Keep), p. 119; Durham, 1950, Geol. Soc Amer., Mem.

43, p. 94, pi. 25, figs. 15, 16
Aloides {Lentidium) luteola (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 18; Burch, 1945, no. 44, p. 28;

1945, no. 45, p. 19

"Corbula luteola, n.s. S. Pedro — S. Diego; common near shore." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.
611]

"Corbula luteola, n.s. Shape of young biradiata; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp." [Carpen-
ter, 1864b, p. 637]

The description by Carpenter of 1866 has been copied by Oldroyd, but by oversight she
did not give the reference to the description. To the copy published by Oldroyd (1924)
should be added the concluding line :

"Hab. — San Diego, San Pedro, 50, alive at low water." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 207]

Line 3, read "definito" for "definato"

Carpenter listed the type material as "State Collection, no. 587." This number refers to

118 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

J. G. Cooper's collection for tiie State Geological Survey of California (1864e, p. 155). The
type material in the U. S. National Museum consists of eight specimens which bear a label,
"San Pedro. Cooper" and on the back of the label, "15668 Cp 581." The number appears to
be Cp 581, but it probably should be "Cp 587," the original number published by Carpenter.

Arnold's (1903) figure does not represent this species. Perhaps the drawing was not well
executed. At least it should not be used for identification.

Syniypcs. — U. S. National Museum no. 14897 (eight valves)

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Magdalena
Bay, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper; Arnold; Grant and Gale;
Willett, 1937); Mexico (Jordan, 1926; Hcrtlein, 1934); Lower California (Durham, 1950).
Upper Miocene. California (Grant and Gale)

Family Piioladidae
Genus Martesia (Leach) Sowerby, 1824

Martesia mentioned by Sowerby of Leach, 1824, Genera Recent and Fossil Shells, pt. XX III,
Pholas no pagination; Leach in De Bainville, 1825, Man. de Malacol., vol. 1, p. 632;
Stewart, 1930, Acad. N'at. Sci. Philadelphia, Sp. Paper no. 3, p. 294

Type species by monotypy Pholas chn'ata Lamarck, 1818, Hist. nat. An. sans Vert., V. p.
446 = Pholas striata [Linnaeus], 1758, Syst. Nat, 10th ed., p. 669, Gualt. test. t. 105,
fig. F. Recent. Western Atlantic, N'orth Carolina to Brazil. Eastern Pacific, Mexico to
Peru. Indo-Pacific. Turner, 1955, Johnsonia, vol. 3, no. 34, p. 103, pis. 35, 61-64

Martesia intercalata Carpenter

Martesia intercalata Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 13 ; 1864b, p. 628, 637, 665 ; Reprint,
1872, p. 114, 123, 151; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 3; Dall,
1921. p. 56; Oldroyd, 1924b, p. 214; Keen, 1937, p. 22; Burch, 1945, no. 44, p. 35; 1945,
no. 45, p. 20; Turner, 1955, Johnsonia, vol. 3, no. 34, p. 75, 122, pi. 72, figs. 1-2 type
determined as synonymous with Penitella conradi Valenciennes, 1846, in Abel du
Petit-Thouars, Voyage antour du Monde sur la Fregate La Venus, Atlas de Zool., Moll.,
pi. 24, fig. 1

This species was originally described from the Reigen Mazatlan Collection but it was
later reported from the Farallon Islands by Carpenter (1864b, p. 628, 637). The illustration
of the type belongs in the work on the figuring of tlie Alazatlan Catalogue. Turner included
in her monograph of the Pholadidae, part II, an illustration of Carpenter's drawing of the
type shells in Hanley's collection.

Class SCAPHOPODA

Family Dentaliidae

Genus Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758*^

Dentalium Linnaeu.s, 1758, Syst. Natura, 10th ed., p. 785

Type species by subsequent designation, Montfort, 1810, Conchyliol. Syst., t. 2, p. 22i. Denta-
lium elcphantinum Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 785. Living. Amboyna and
Philippine Islands. Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897, Man. Conch., vol. XVII, pi. 1, figs. 1-7

Subgenus Rhabdus Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897

Rhabdus Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897, Man. Conch., ser. 1, vol. 17, p. 112

Type species by original designation, D. rcctins Carpenter, 1864b, p. 648; 1865e, p. 59. Re-
cent. Alaska to Panama Bay, pi. 17, figs. 1, 2

Dentalium (Rhabdus) rectius Carpenter

(PI. 17, fig.s. 1, 2)

Dentalium rectius Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 648; Reprint, p. 89, 134; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 17, p. 59; Cooper, 1867, Cieog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 21 ; Taylor, 1895, Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans., ser. 2, vol. 1, sec. IV, p. 56; Dall, 1921,

p. S7; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 68; 1927, pt. I, p. 11, pi. 1,

49 Dentalium placed on official list of generic names, Sum. Opinion Rend., no. 94, Int. Rules
Zool. Nomen., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 1926, vol. 72>, no. 4, p. 12; Schenk and McMasters,
1936, p. 53 ; Keen and Mullcr, 1948, p. 59 ; 1956, p. 59

SCAPHOPODA

119

fig. 3; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 437; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Burch, 1945, no. 46, p. 9, 13,
pi. 1, figs. 19, 21; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, p. 178
Dcntalium (Rhabdus) rcctius (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897, Man. Conch., vol.
XVII, p. 112, 113, pi. 21, fig. 45

"Dentalhim rectins, n.s. Long, thin, slightly curved: like cburncum, Singapore." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 648]

Carpenter's description (1865e) of this species and supplementary notes by Pilsbry and
Sharp, were republished by Oldroyd (1927). To Oldroyd's copy the following lines should
be added to complete the Carpenter description :

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley.

"Varina D. eburneo, Singaporensi convenit ; sed annulis falacibus caren, textura valde
dififert." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 59]

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 5283

Distribjition. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Stephens Passage, Alaska, to Panama
Bay (Dall). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Family Siphonodentaliidae
Genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844

Cadiilus Philippi, 1844. Enum. Moll. Siciliae, vol. 2, app. 1. p. 208, pi. XXVII, fig. 21 [not pi.

XVII as stated in Philippi] ; Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897-1898, Man. Conch., vol. XVII,

p. 142, 156, pi. ^2, figs. 40-41
Type species by monotypy, Dcntalium oznduiu Philippi, 1844, Enum. Moll. Siciliae, vol.

2, app. 1, p. 209. Recent. Mediterranean and Bay of Biscay. Miocene and Pliocene of Italy

Cadulus nitentior Arnold

Cadulus nitentior Carpenter ms.

Cadulus nitentior "Carpenter ms.," Arnold, 1903, p. 187, pi. VIII, fig. IS ; ? Berry, 1907,

Nautilus, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 22; Gripp, 1909, Nautilus, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 137, ms. name

fide Berry (June 1950, personal communication) determination by Dall
"Cadulus nitentior Carpenter, ms. in Arnold, 1903", Pilsbry, 1904, Nautilus, vol. 17, no. 9,

p. 108 serpulid annelid

The name Cadulus nitentior has been used in literature as of Carpenter. The name, how-
ever, was a manuscript label of Carpenter which was used by Dall in determination of speci-
mens (Berry, 1907; Gripp, 1909). Carpenter did not mention the species in his waitings.
There is a specimen in the Redpath Museum with a label, "Cadulus nitentior Cpr. MS. Cata-
lina Isl. 30 fm." The label also has a printed form, "From the Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, D. C." This specimen is a Cadulus.

The name has valid status from Arnold (1903), and authorship should be attributed to
Arnold only. The holotype would be the specimen figured by Arnold (1903, pi. 8, fig. 15)
from the Pleistocene, "Lower San Pedro series" [San Pedro sand], Deadman Island, Cali-
fornia.

One specimen, U. S. National Museum (no. 23729) (Harald Rehder, U. S. National
Museum, Aug. 2, 1950, personal communication) is labelled "Cadulus nitentior Carpenter
MS. from 30 fathoms off Catalina Island, collected by Cooper," in Carpenter's handwriting.
The entry in the U. S. National Museum catalogue was in 1871. This is probably the speci-
men with which Dall compared, and by which he identified material for correspondents. This
specimen has no status in a type catagory, for Arnold in validating the specific name used a
Pleistocene shell.

Cadulus quadrifissatus Pilsbry and Sharp

Siphonodetitalium 4-fissatum Carpenter, ms. "label in Smithsonian Institution Collection"

Pilsbry and Sh.\rp, 1897, Man. Conch., vol. XVII, p. 151
Cadulus quadrifissatus (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Sharp. 1897-1898, Man. Conch., vol. XVII,

p. 150, pi. 29, figs. 10-13

Pilsbry and Sharp described this species from Henry Hemphill material collected at San
Diego, California. They used Carpenter's manuscript name which Carpenter had attached to

120 MARINE MOLLTTSCA nFSCRTBEn BY P. P. CARPENTER

material from San Pedro, collected by Cooper and deposited in the Smithsonian (U. S. Na-
tional Museum, no. 19462).

As a courtesy to Carpenter, Pilsbry and Sharp credited the specific name to Carpenter.
However, the name with Carpenter as author is a nomcn nudum. The description and figures
were first published by Pilsbry and Sharp who used the San Diego specimen in the Academy
of Sciences of Philadelphia as the holotype.

The form is referred to here, not because of a Carpenter specific name or type but merely
to present all pertinent data in connection with Carpenter names and clarify the status of the
same. Synonymy is not intended to be complete.

Class GASTROPODA

Family Fissurellidae

Genus Puncturella Lowe, 1827

PunctureUa Lowe, 1827. Zool. Jour., vol. 3, p. 77, 78

Type species by original designation. Patella noachina Linnaeus, 1771, Mantissa Plantarum,
p. 551. Living. Franz Josef Land, Arctic Ocean, to northern England, from Norway to
Spain ; Greenland south to Cape Cod. Farfante, 1947, Johnsonia, vol. 2, no. 24, p. 138,
pis. 60, 61

Puncturella cooperi Carpenter
(Pi. 18, figs. 16, 17)

PunctureUa Cooperi Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 651; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 137; 1866, Feb.,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 214; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 24; Pilsbry, 1890, Man. Conch., vol. XIL p. 231; Pilsbry and Johnson,
1891, Nautilus, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 106; Dall, 1921, p. 186; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 183; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 240; Keen, 1937, p. 44; Burch, 1946,
no. 60, p. 29; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207,
p. 61, pi. 29, fig. 1 Pleistocene; Smith and Gordon, 1948, CaHfornia Acad. Sci., Proc.,
ser. 4, vol. XXV, no. 8, p. 204

"Outside like galeata, but without props to the lamina. 30-120 fm. not r. Cp." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 651]

"—State Collection no. 1029.

"P. t. "P. galcatac," fere exacte simulante ; sed lamina interna solida, planata, baud an-
tice sinuata, baud suffulta.

"Long. 0.30, lat. 0.21, alt. 0,24, div. 70°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, not rare, 40 to 20 fms. Cooper, alive.

"Outside like P. noachina; but with the lamina like P. cucidlata, without eye-holes. The
latter species is extremely variable in sculpture, but never so fine as this ; and the shape is
less conical." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 214]

The holotype is labelled "Type Catalina Is. Cal. Cooper." It has been heretofore unfigured.
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11848

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Kasaiin Bay, Alaska, to Santa
Rosa Island, California (Dall), See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution.

Genus Diodora Gray, 1821
(Diadora Gray, 1847)

Diodora Gray, 1821, London Medical Repository, vol. XV, Mar. 1, p. 233; Iredale, 1915,
Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 11, p. 331

Type species by monotypy. Patella apertura Montagu, 1803, immature Fissurella graeca
auct., non Linnaeus, 1767, 12 ed. p. 1262. Living. British Isles. Montagu, 1803, Testacea
Britannica, vol. II, p. 491, pi. XIII, fig. 10; Lowe, 1827, Zool. Jour., vol. Ill, p. 77

Diodora murina (Arnold) 1903

Fissurella (Glyphis) murina "Cpr." Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 8,

p. 543 nomcn nudum
Fissuridea murina (Carpenter) Dall, Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p.

197 nomen nudum, see note by Dall concerning equivalence; Arnold, 1903, p. 339 de-

GASTROPODA 121

scribed; 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. Z2, no. 1545, p. 545, pi. 50, figs. 3, 3a; 1907,

U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 309, pi. 40, figs. 3. 3a
Diadora niurina (Carpenter ms.) Dall, 1921, p. 185; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 237
Diodora niurina (Carpenter /;; Dall in Orcutt), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 850
Diodora murina (Arnold), Burcii, 1946, no. 60, p. 26

This species did not have a valid description until Arnold's in 1903, as pointed out by A.
Myra Keen {in Burch).

The species is included herein for completeness as to Carpenter manuscript or valid sci-
entific names. A full discussion of the form is not intended.

Genus Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890

Lucapiuella Pilsbry, 1890, Man. Conch., vol. XII, p. 179, 195

Type species by original designation, "Clypidella callomarginata Carpenter," [Dall] 1871,
Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 133. Recent. Bodega Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California (Dall). Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, pi. IS, fig. 8;
Pilsbry, 1890, Alan. Conch., vol. XII, pi. 44, figs. 3-5; pi. 61, figs. 1-5

Lucapinella callomarginata (Dall)

Clypidella callomarginata Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. 24; CARPENTER, ms. in D.\ll, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 133, pi. 15, fig. 8
"Ch\pidella " [sic] callomarginata, p. 160 expl. plate; Dall in Orcutt, 1885, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 8, p. 543 ; Arnold, 1903, p. 341

Lucapinella callomarginata (Dall), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p.
198; Dall, 1921, p. 185; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 244, pi. 85, fig. 6; Keen, 1937,
p. 38 ; Grant and (Sale, 1931, p. 849 ; Burch, 1946, no. 60, p. 25

Lucapinella callomarginata (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1890, Man. Conch., vol. XII, p. 196, pi.
44, figs. 3-5: pi. 61, figs. 1-5; Williamson, 1892, U. .S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898,
p. 198; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. LXXXIV, p.
128; Smith, M., 1944, Panama Marine Shells, p. 3, fig. 19

This species was a manuscript name, used by Cooper (1867) and described by Dall. The
holotype is in the U. S. National Museum and was figured by Dall (1871). Reference to the
name is included herein to save confusion in regard to Carpenter names. The synonymy and
discussion is not indended to be complete.

Isabel Perez Farfante (1946, p. 23, fig. 406) recorded the species from Mayaguez, Puerto
Rico, Playo Maldonado, Uruguay, and Boca del Rio Negro, Argentina (specimens U. S. Na-
tional Museum and Museum of Comparative Zoology).

Genus Fissurella Bruguiere, 1789
Fissurella volcano Reeve

(PI. 18, fig. 19)

"Fissurella oniata Nuttall MS." Carpenter

Fissurella volcano Reeve, 1849, Conch. Icon., vol. 6, Fissurella, pi. IV, fig. 2; Pilsbry, 1890,

Man. Conch., vol. XII, p. 156
Fissurella ornata Nuttall ms. in Carpenter, 1856 [1857], Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt.

XXIV, p. 222 and var. vwnstrosa, p. 223; 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p.

241, 319, 349; 1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 214; 1864b, p. 527, 540, 651; Reprint, 1872, p. 13,

26, 137

Carpenter (1856e [1857]) utilized a manuscript name of Nuttall, F. ornata. In 1864 he
considered that the form was synonymous with F. volcano Reeve, and workers have continued
to assign it as F. volcano Reeve.

Through G. L. Wilkins a photograph of the Nuttall specimen in the British Museum was
furnished by that institution. Wilkins sent the notes of the label, which is with the specimen.
He questioned it as the type, but it is the only specimen available which might qualify. (See
explanation pi. 18, fig. 19.)

122 ATARTNR MOLT.TTSCA DESCRIBED BV P. V. CARPEXTER

Family Acmaeidae
Genus Acmaea-''^ Eschscholtz (1830), 1833

Acmaea Eschscholtz in Kotzebue, 1830, Neue Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1823, 24,
25, und 26, Weimar, vol. 2, app., p. 24; English translation, 1830, A new voyage around the
world, V. 2, app., p. 350, London, p. 350 genus without species; Eschscholtz in Rathke, 1833,
Zool. Atlas,5i pt. 5, p. 16 fide Woodring (1928, p. 458)

Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 238,
Acmaea mitra Eschscholtz in Rathke, p. 18, pi. 23, fig. 4 fide Philippi, 1846, p. 107. Recent.
Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, to San Alartin Island, Lower California. Pilsbry, 1891, Man.
Conch., vol. XIII, pi. 3, fig. 50

For discussion of West Coast species of this genus see Test (1946).

Acmaea atrata Carpenter

Acmaea (? var.) atrata Carpenter, 1864, June, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p.

474; Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, Aug., p. 541, 618, 666; Reprint, 1872, p. 27, 104, 152;

Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 30, pi. 7, figs. 61-65 types; Burch, 1946, no.

57, p. 15
Collisella atrata (Carpenter), Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 255, pi. 14, figs.

IS, 15a

The three syntypcs of this species are in the U. S. National Museum. They were figured
by Pilsbry (1891). The type locality is Cape San Lucas; therefore, the details regarding the
form are reserved for the report on the Carpenter types of that area. Burch (1946, no. 57,
p. 15) recorded identifications of the species by Dall and Eyerdam in the California fauna.
Test (1946) does not acknowledge the existence of the species on the California coast.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4019

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; Santa Monica, San Pedro,
California (Burch; Eyerdam, 1938; not in Test)

"Acmaea [fenestrata] cribaria Carpenter"

Acmaea patina cribaria Gould ms.. Carpenter, 1857, Rcpt. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856,

211, 319; 1864b, p. 530; Reprint, 1872, p. 16; 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. II, p. 335;

Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 12 under A. patina, synonym A. fenestrata.
Acmaea scutum cribaria Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 169; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound

Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 167 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 149
Acmaea cribaria Gld. nis. Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1921, Nautilus, vol. 36, p. 71 nomen nudum
Acmaea cribaria Carpenter, Keen, 1937, p. 28
Acmaea fetiestrata cribaria Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 5, 9, subgenus Patelloidea;

Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.. Proc, 4th ser., vol. XXVI, p. 199
Acmaea fenestrata cribaria Gould, Test, 1946, Cont. Lab. Vert. Biol. no. 31, p. 1

"A. patina, var. d., is internally almost always dark in the spectrum, with white sides.
But sometimes there are concentric zones of dark, alternating with the white, in which state
it is the 'A. cribaria,' Gld., ms., a very worn specimen of which was 'purchased at the Sand-
wich Islands' by the omnivorous naturalists of the United States Exploring Expedition.
Sometimes the spectrum is well defined, nearly black ; and the sides are dark brown. The
intermediate forms and shades between the vars. Cutningii and pintadina are very commoiL
Sometimes the marginal edge grows light, with a dark belt inside ; or the dark becomes more
or less spotted." [Carpenter, 1866c, p. 335]

The original data on this species are in an unsatisfactory state. The holotype is not avail-
able, and no definite type locality can be known. Carpenter intimated in the above discussion
that the shell was from the West Coast. Carpenter first listed the species from "Columbia

^0 Considered by Inst. Com. Zool. Nomen. See Bull. Zool. Nomen., 1950, vol. 4, pts. 13-15,
p. 389-392. Acmaea Eschscholtz not a homonym of Acme Hartmann, 1821, or Acmea Hart-
mann, 1821. Acmaea Eschscholtz, 1833, placed on Official List of Generic Names with type
species as stated above. Acme Hartmann, 1821, and Acmea Hartmann, 1821, placed on Offi-
cial List of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names. See Opinion 344, 1955, Int. Rules Zoologi-
cal Nomenclature.

^1 Menke (1846, p. 70-74) full title, discussion; p. 74 on Acmaea Eschscholtz. Further dis-
cussion with species enumerated, Philippi (1846, p. 106-108)

GASTROPODA 123

River, San Francisco, De Fuca" (1857b, p. 211) and "Oregon and Upper California" (1857b,
p. 319). There seems to be no doubt that the West Coast is its proper habitat.

The few remarks by Carpenter accompanying the name (1866c, p. 335) make a dubious
valid description. Pilsbry regarded the name as a nomcn nudum, which seems a legitimate de-
duction. Carpenter, therefore, is not the valid author of the name. No subsequent author has
described the subspecies or species. The description published by Oldroyd as of "cribaria"
was that for A. patina mut. fenestrafa "Nutt."

If Test regarded the subspecies as biologically sound it would be appropriate for Test
(ms. thesis, ms. Univ. California) to publish her description of the form designating a holo-
type and type locality. It would then date from such a description and author. Test (1946)
referred the subspecies to Could as author.

Type. — Not found

Distrilmtinn. — "Purchased at the Sandwich Isls." (Gould in Carpenter, 1866c) West
Coast, United States (type) ; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, south to Cayucos, California (Burch)

Acmaea funiculata (Carpenter)

(PI. 17, figs. 24, 25)

Scurria (? var.) funiculata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 650; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 136; 1866,

Feb., California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 214; 1866, Oct., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol.

II, p. 347; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 24; 1870, Amer. Jour.

Conch., vol. VI, p. 60 ; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 242
Sctorria mitra tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. II, p. 346. See addi-
tional synonymy and notes under separate heading
Acmaea mitra var. funiculata (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 25;

Dall, 1921. p. 168; Oldroyd. 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 145
Acmaea funiculata (Carpenter), Hanna and Smith, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 21-25,

pi. 2, figs. 1. 3, 4; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol.

Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 61, pi. 34. figs. 1. 2 Pleistocene; Burch, 1946, no. 56, p. 35; no.

57, p. 5, 6; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p.

199

"With rounded riblets, somewhat nodulous." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 650]

Hanna and Smith have presented a thorough discussion with pertinent data on and illus-
tration of the species and with copies of the various early descriptions of the species. Those
descriptions are not repeated here.

The holotype is figured for the first time herein. The apex of the holotype is worn, but
the radiating ribs, of which there are about 36, are strong. There are no secondary ribs, but
the primaries, as well as the interspaces, are irregular in size.

Dall placed the variety named by Carpenter tenuisculpta (1866) as the same as funiculata.
Marshall (in Hanna and Smith, 1931, p. 23), after comparing the types of both, agreed with
Dall's consolidation. Test n946) did not indicate A. funiculata as a distinct species. Burch
(1946, no. 57, p. 6, 7) gave it as a separate form.

The type of this species was catalogued in the Smithsonian Institution (U. S. National
Museum) by Carpenter as "Scurria funiculata type." The specimen has a label, "Monterey
Cooper". A note on the label, probably made by Dall, reads, "extreme var. of mitra?"

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14799 (A. funiculata) . no. 15490 (var. A. tenuis-
culpta "Carpenter")

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type, A. funiculata). Shumagin Islands,
Alaska, to Magdalena Bay, Lower California (Dall) ; (not of Test, 1946). Pleistocene. Cali-
fornia (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Acmaea limatula Carpenter

Acmaea [scabra} var. limatula Carpenter, 1864b, 540 San Diego, 650, 665 "temperate,"

Lower California var. of A. scabra; Reprint, 1872, p. 26, 136, 151; 1866, Amer. Jour.

Conch., vol. II, p. 335, 340; Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. 13, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 38, 39,

40 "original ;" 45, 46, "original," San Diego
Acmaea limatula Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 170 section Collisella; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. Ill, p. 152 section Collisella; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 810; Baily, 1935, West Coast

124 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Shells (Keep), p. 173; Yokes. 1936, Nautilus, vol. 50, no. 2, p. 49; Johnson and Snook,
1935, Seashore Animals, p. 542, fig. 613; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 14
subgenus Collisclla ; Test, 1946, Cont. Univ. Michigan Lab. Vert. Biol. no. 31, p. 1, 13,
15; W'ooDRiNG, Br.\mi.ette, .vnd Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, 207, p. 61
Pleistocene; Smith .and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,
p. 199; Abbott, 1954, p. 102, pi. 18, fig. 0

"Var. limatula of [A. scabral. sculpture stronger, border black: perhaps = Maz. Cat.
no. 265." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 650]

"A well-marked variety seems to have an admixture of black blood, probably from inter-
marriage with the negro race of A. patina. With the same sculpture externally, the interior
has the broad black margin of A. patina, (var. scutum,') and a dark spot in the centre. One
specimen is dark all over. Another stout dwarfed shell has a prettily tesselated border, and
would (in a mixed collection) he taken for A. cymbiohi. Gld., = P. parasitica, D'Orb. — As
I have seen no intermediate specimens between the two forms, this may be described as var.
Umatxila, "A. scahra, Nutt," extus sculptura normali ; seu intensiore lirulis quibusdam majori-
lus, valde nodosis ; intus albida, nitida ; limbo lato nigro, seu rarius tessclato; spectro saepius
fusco maculato.

"It is probably the Acmaca patina of the Mazatlan Catalogue, sp. 265, but the specimens
were too much worn outside to decide with confidence." [Carpenter, 1866c, p. 340]

Pilsbry (1891) figured "original" specimens of this species from Smithsonian Institution
collections as stipulated in the explanation of his illustrations (pi. 3). The specimens of
Figures 45 and 46 he stated in the text (p. 14) to be from San Diego. The first and only
definite reference by Carpenter to the form was to a San Diego shell (Carpenter, 1864, p.
540). Although the types are not extant, the type locality is San Diego. A lectotype might
well be selected from the specimens figured by Pilsbry.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type). Puget Sound, to Maria Madre Is-
land, Mexico, Gulf of California north to Coronados Islands (Test in Burch) ; Crescent City,
California, to La Paz, Gulf of California (Test 1946). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd,
1925; Stephens, 1929; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

"Acmaea mitra tenuisculpta Dall"
(PI. 18, figs. 11-13)

See also [under] A. ftniiculafa (Carpenter).

Scurria mitra tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1866. Amer. Jour. Concli., vol. II, p. 346; Hanna and

Smith, 1931. Nautilus, vol. 45. no. 1, p. 23
Acmaea mitra tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Daei., 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 242;

Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. Ill, p. 25
"Acmaea tenuisculpta Cpr.," Dale, 1914, Nautilus, vol. 28, no. 2, p. 14 "A . . . funiculata

Cpr. merges into"
"Acmaea tenuisculpta (Carpenter)", Hanna and Smith, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 45, no. 1, p.

23 notes by Marshall on type

This nude name of Carpenter is represented by 4 syntypes in the U. S. National Museum,
no. 15490, labelled "Neeah Bay Swan." If Dall's (1871) brief comparison, using Carpenter's
name, with A. mitra be regarded as adequate to validate the name of a form of subspecific
worth, Dall must be credited as the author and not Carpenter. Dall's comments (1871, p. 242)
were as follows :

"The striated variety (tenuisculpta, Cpr.) [of ./. niiira] appears very distinct from the
smooth form, but every gradation may be found in a very large scries. The unique type of
Scurria f funiculata, Cpr., now before me, differs from the smallest specimen of tenuisculpta,
only in having the riblets even more prominent, close, and rounded, and being thinner and
smaller. . . ."

The types were regarded by Dal! and Marshall as cc|uivalent to .-/. funiculata. Tlie notes
concerning the name and specimens are included here in detail for completeness and readiness
of reference and not as representing a subspecies.
Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15490
Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type). Same as A. funiculata

GASTROPODA

125

Acmaea rosacea Carpenter

Acmaca (? pilcolus, var.) rosacea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 614, 650, Reprint, 1872, p. 100, 136;
1866a, Feb., California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 213; 1866c, Oct., Amer. Jour. Conch.,
vol. II, p. 341 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 23

Acmaea rosacea Carpenter, Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 60; Keep, 1887,
West Coast Shells, p. 100; Pilshry, 1891, Alan. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 21, pi. 7, figs. 71, 72,
7i type; Dall, 1921, p. 170; Kelsey, 1922, Nautilus, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 18; Oldroyd, 1924,
Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 168; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 156; Baily, West
Coast Shells (Keep), p. 175; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1946, no. 56, p. 35; no. 57, p.
5, 14 subgenus?; Test. 1946, Cont. Univ. Mich. Lab. Vert. Biol., no. 31, p. 1; Smith
AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 200

CoUiscUa (?) rosacea Dall, 1871. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 256

" — Monterey to San Diego. This shell is named pilcolus Midd., in Mus. Cuming, but

does not agree with the diagnoses. It can hardly be distinguished from Herm specimens of

A. virginea. It was first brought by Col. Jewett, but referred to Panama." [Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 614j

"Pink, small: like Herm specimens of virginea." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 650]

The following lines should be added to Carpenter's description (1866) as published by

Oldroyd (1927), to make that copy complete :
Delete "poll."52 and add :

"— div. 100°.

"Hab. San Diego, 1 sp. jun. (Palmer) : Monterey, 1 dead sp. Cooper.

"The absence of striae, very thin texture, and regularly conical growth, distinguish this
shell from A. patina, a rare variety of which has a pinkish tinge. Specimens in Mus. Cuming
are marked 'pUeolus. Midd..' but do not accord with the diagnosis. It is almost exactly like
Herm* specimens of A. virginea. Col. Jewett's similar shells, marked "Panama" were per-
haps West Indian." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 213]
'^ "A small island in the British channel."

Carpenter repeated (1866c, Oct.) his description (1866a, Feb.) and presented in detail the
description of A. pilcolus Middendorf.

Pilsbry described the species and figured the holotype. Dall gave a detailed description
based on the holotype. The holotype has a label "San Pedro, Dr. Palmer."

Dimensions. — Holotype. 5 mm. length ; 4 mm. width ; 2 mm. height.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15273

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; Ketchikan, Alaska, south to Panama
(Burch). Pleistocene. Mexico. (Hertlein, 1934)

Acmaea strigatella Carpenter
Acmaea striqatclla Carpenter, 1864, June, .Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII. p. 474;

Reprint. 1872, p. 214; 1864b, Aug.. Suppl. Rept. British Assoc. 1863, p. 666; Reprint, 1872,

p. 152; 1865, Zool. Soc. London. Proc., p. 277, Reprint, 1872, p. 268; Pilsbry, 1891, Man.

Conch., vol. XIII, p. 27, pi. 7. figs. 83, 84, 85 type; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, Acad. Nat.

Sci., Philadelphia, Proc, vol. LXXXIV, p. 129
Acmaca strigillata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104 typographical error for

A. strigatella
Collisella strigatella (Carpenter), Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 253, ? pi. 14,

fig. 5
Acmaca persona strigillata Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 170 in part; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt.

Ill, p. 155
Not Acmaea patina strigillata (= A. strigillata Nutt.,) Carpenter, 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch.,

vol. II, p. 334, 337
Acmaea (Patclloidea) persona strigatella Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 57. p. 10
Acmaea persona ? strigatella Carpenter, Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,

Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 200

The following corrections and lines should be added to the copy of the original description
as published by Oldroyd to make the copy complete :

Read .9 for 9 ; .74 for 74; .3 for "3."

"Variat colore hie et illic aurantiaco tincto : strigis omnino tessellatis.

^-Carpenter (1866, Oct., p. 341) gave the same measurements in "poll;"' in this case the
"poll" would be admissable.

126 MARTXE ^rOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

"According to Darwin, this might be regarded as a cross between the northern forms A.
pclta and A. patina, about to change into the Gulf species, A. mesoleuca. The dark variety
resembles A. cantharus, but the very delicate crowded striae will distinguish it when not
abraded." [Carpenter, 1864a, p. 474]

Pilsbry presented a detailed description and illustration of the type which is in the U. S.
National Museum. Burch (1946) has analyzed clearly and correctly the confusion in the
names of strigatella and strigillata. The use of strigillata by Carpenter (1864b) is easily dis-
pensed with because it is a typographical error. Carpenter gave a description (1866c) using
a manuscript name of Nuttall. He defined it as a variety of A. patina and differentiated it
from A. strigatella of the Lower Californian fauna.

The form A. patina strigillata "Nuttall," Carpenter is ambiguous as to type and type lo-
cality. Carpenter (1866c) intimated that it was from California or Vancouver. It is in part
the A. persona strigillata of Dall (1921), but until the type locality and type are defined a
precise distribution is not authentic. The type has not been found.

The first use of A. strigillata was a typographical error, hence a nomcn nudum, and there-
fore does not preoccupy the name as stated by Burch (homonym).

Burch's suggestion that A. persona (=: A. persona strigillata "Nuttall" Carpenter) is the
northern form and A. persona strigatella the southern seems feasible.

Holotype.—U. S. National Museum, no. 19594 (A. strigatella)

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; Monterey, California, to
Lower California (Burch). Not included as California species by Test (1946).

"Acmaea strigillata Nuttall" Carpenter

"Patella strigillata Nutt. ms. Jay's Cat. no. 2881," Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London,
Proc., p. 221 under A. pelta pars; Carpenter, 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. II, p. 334,
337 P. strigillata Nutt., pars under A. patina not p. 337 under A. pclta.

Not Acmaea strigillata Carpenter, 186-lb, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104 error for A. striga-
tella

Acmaea patina var. strigillata Cari)cnter, Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 10

"Var. b. strigillata [of A. patina] : (= A. strigillata, Nutt., pars = A. pelta jun.) Part
of the shells thus grouped by Gould, 'marginal rim narrower', may also be A. pelta, jun. The
colors run into stripes, radiating bifurcating. Under ordinary circumstances, this variety is
not so elevated as A. pelta: has not its faint, swelling ribs; but displays, instead, the typical,
sharp, distant striae; and has a wider margin: but young shells with the outside abraded, are
verv (lifTicult to determine or to separate from A. strigatella of Cape St. Lucas; q. v. in Ann.
Nat. Hist." [Carpenter, 1866c, p. 334]

For an analysis of the history of this name see also Acmaea strigatella Cari>entcr. Jay
(1852, p. 102, no. 2881) indicated the locality as "Upper California," for Nuttall's shell.

The type of this species has not been found. It is not at the British Museum Natural
History (G. L. Wilkins, Oct. 17, 1950, personal communication) where some of Nuttall's
material is preserved.

Subgenus Collisella Dall, 1871

Collisella Dale, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 245

Type species liy original designation Collisella pelta ( Eschscholtz)j;i Rattike, 1833, Zool.
Atlas, pt. 5, p. 19. Recent. Okhotsk and southern Bering Sea, Nushagak, Alaska, Aleu-
tians south to Rosaria Bay, Lower California and Socorro Islands (Dall). Japan, (Keen,
1941, Sixth Pacific Cong., vol. 3, p. 481; Burch, 1946). Dall, 1871, pi. 14, fig. 6 radula;
PiLsiiRY, 1891, Alan. Conch., vol. XIII, pi. 8, figs. 90, 91 "original"; Abbott, 1954, pi. 18,
fig. n

Acmaea (Collisella) triangularis (Carpenter)
(PI. 18, fig 18)

Nacella (? palcacca, var.) triangularis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 650; Reprint, 1872, p. 98,
136; 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 213; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells,
p. 104

Nacella triangularis Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geo. Cat. Moll., Gcol. Sur. California, p. 23;
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 59

Acmaea (Collisella) ? triangularis (Carpenter), Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI,
p. 254

GASTROPODA

127

Acmaea triangularis (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 20, pi. 7, figs.

77, 78 type; Oldroyd, 1927, p. 158; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 175 ? var.

A. palcacea; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 13; Test, 1946, Cont. Univ. Mich.

Lab. Vert. Biol., no. 31, p. 1, 18; S^rITII and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 200
Acmaea triangularis casta Carpenter ms. Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 254;

Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 20, pi. 7, figs. 74-76 type
Acmaea {CoUisella) triangularis (Carpenter), BuRCii, 1946, no. 56, p. 35, no. 57, p. 5 per

Test, p. 13

"Nacclla ? triangularis. Shorter [than N . paleacea Gould] apex raised ; scarcely striated :
whitish, with brown spots." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 650]

The following lines should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description (1866a) as
published by Oldroyd (1927) to make that copy complete:

;;— alt. 0.18, div. 90°.

"Hah. Monterey. 4 dredged dead. Cooper.

Probably a distinct species. The solitary shell sent by Dr. Cooper is shaped like a right-
angled triangle, with five large brown spots near the base." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 213]

Dall (1871) discussed this species in detail and introduced a manuscript varietal name
casta of Carpenter. Pilsbry (1891) illustrated the holotype of each name. The specimen il-
lustrated is not available. Therefore, the specimen labeled "type" in the Redpath Museum is
logically eligible as lectotype. Neither author regarded the varietal name as necessary.

There are in the Redpath Museum 14 specimens with an original label, "N^acella casta
Cpr. (var. = triangularis) type Monterey." There is a note with the specimen, "I think this
series of specimens prove that they all belong to one species. I have two specimens (not
worn) that are perfectly white. It is obvious then the name 'depicta' [Hinds] is not approp-
riate; nor is the name 'triangularis' unless it refers to the profile of the shell. C. A. Can-
field Monterey Nov. 5, 1867."

One of the above shells is figured herein. Some of the shells are white, others are marked
like the illustrated shell. All the specimens have a conspicuous brown spot just below the
apex. Some have brown radiating spots over the surface. One individual has 5 spots on the
posterior end. The external margins are all white with the marks above. A few specimens
have a pinkish interior.

The type of A. triangularis was figured by Pilsbry (1891).

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14802 (A. triangularis) ; Redpath Museum, no.
2370 (casta Carpenter ms.).

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type) ; Sitka, Alaska, to the Gulf of California, on
sea grasses (Dall) ; Monterey, California, on calcareous alga Amphiroa tuberculosa Decaisne
(Chace in Burch ; Smith and Gordon).

"Acmaea monticola (monticula)"

"Patella monticola Nutt. MS. = P. monticolor Jay's Cat. no. 2844" Carpenter, 1856, Zool.
Soc. London, Proc, p. 221 under Acmaea pelta Esch.

Acmaea monticula Nuttall MS. in Carpenter, 1864b, p. 586 "[monticola]" ; Reprint, 1872
not described ; Carpenter, 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. II, p. 337 not described "monti-
cola": Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII listed under A. pelta ?, p. 17 "monticola,"
p. 34, "monticula" under A. ccciliana

Acm-aea cassis monticola (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 169 as of Carpenter, 1866, Amer.
Jour. Conch., vol. II, p. 337

Acmaea (CoUisella) pelta (Eschscholtz), Burch, 1946, no. 56, p. 34; no. 57, p. 10 monticola
regarded as variant

Acmaea monticola Dall, Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, p. 200 synonym of A. pelta

A. "monticola" ("monticula") is certainly a nomen nudum (or nomina nuda), because no
description was given by Carpenter or Dall. The name has been credited to both authors.
The only remark Carpenter made concerning the form (1866c) is, "In its [pelta] early
adolescence, irregular decorticated sliells are the A. monticola of Nutt. MS." That is not an
adequate description. Dall (1921, p. 169) referred to the above reference of Carpenter, and

128 MARIMi MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

hence his name is no more valid tlian tlic- initial remarks. There is also a confusion in the
spelling which makes further confusion in the use of the name.

No types exist for the name. If it is to acquire proper status it must be described by some
author subsequent to those already credited. It is assumed by workers to be synonymous
with A. pelta.

"Patella (? toreuma) tenuilirata" Carpenter

Patella (? toreuma) tenuilirata Cxrpenter, 1855, p. 22,2,; 1857b, p. 288; Pilsbry, 1891,
p. 233 was described as from "Monterey."

Tomlin, (1925, p. 121) identified the syntypes of the species, which are in the British
Museum, as "Cellana radiaus Gmelin, the common New Zealand limpet" (Powell, 1937, pi.
1, fig. 10; 1946, PI. 1, fig. 10). The name can, therefore, be authentically eliminated from the
list of California species.

Family Lf.petidae

Genus Lepeta Gray, 1847

Lepeta Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XV, p. 168. For Lepeta Gray, 1840; 1842,

See Iredale, 1913, Malacol. Soc, London, Proc, vol. 10, p. 294-309; p. 306
Type species by monotypy and original designation Patella caeca Muller, 1776, Zool. Danicae

Prod. An., p. 237. Recent. X^orthern Europe. Greenland to ^lassachnsetts, 2-300 fathoms

(Johnson, 1934). Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, pi. 40, figs. 29-32; Abbott,

1954, pi. 17, fig. j

Subgenus Cryptobranchia Aliddendorfif, 1851
(Cryptoctcnidia Dall, 1918)

Cryptobranchia ^Midde.vdorff, 1851. Reise .\uss. Norden und Ost. Siliiriens, vol. 2. p. 183
Type species by subsequent designation, D.m.l, 1870, .\mcr. Jour. Conch., vol. V, pt. Ill,
p. 143. C. concentrica (Middendorff ), 1851, Reise Auss. Norden und Ost. Sibiriens, vol. 2,
p. 183, fide Dall. Recent. Icy Cape, .\rctic Ocean, on the west to Okhotsk Sea and
Shantar Islands, Alaska, to Puget Sound. Middendorff, 1851, pi. XVI, fig. 6, fide Dall.
Dall, 1870. .\mer. Jour. Conch., vol. V, r>t. Ill, p. 143, pi. 15, fig. 2, a to g ; Pilsbry,
1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 40, figs. Z2,-27

Lepeta (Cryptobranchia) caecoides (Carpenter)
(PI. 18, figs. 14, 15)

Lepeta caecoides Carpenter. 1864b, p. 603, 651, 683; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 137. 169; 1865,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Proc. vol. 17, p. 60; 1866, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. II,
p. 347; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll. Geol. Sur. California, p. 24; Keen, 1937, p. Z7 ;
WiLLETT, 1942, in Burch. no. 18, p. 3

Lepeta (Crvptohranchia) concentrica (MiddendorflF), Dall. 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol.
V, pt. 3. p. 143 in part; 1878, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 334 in part

Lepeta concentrica (Middendorfif), Pilsbry, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 69 in part,
section Cryptobranchia

Lepeta (Crvptoctenidia) caecoides Carpenter, D.\ll, 1921, p. 168; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II
pt. Ill, p. 143

Lepeta (Cryptobranchia) caecoides (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 5

"Like caeca, but apex turned back. Farallone Is. teste R. D. Darbishire." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 651]

The following lines should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description (1865) in
Oldroyd (1927) to make the copy complete:

". . . div. 90°.

"Hab. Specimina juniora perpauca viventia in sinu Pugetiano piscavit Kennerley: ex
insulis Farallonihus adulta alYertur, teste Darbishire." [Carpenter, 1856e, p. 60]

"The first perfect specimen of this shell was dredged by Dr. Kennerley; a larger, broken
shell, received before by Mr. R. D. Darbishire from the Farrallones Islands, having been
passed over as Scurria viitra. A number of small, but beautifully perfect specimens have
lately been sent to the Smithsonian Institute from Sitclia. Tiiey are tiiin ; white, tinged with
greenish at the margin, and often with pink within ; and very delicately sculptured. It is
known at once from all the Acmaeae by its semitransparent texture and white color; and
from the young of Scurria niitra by its broad, flat shape, obtuse apex, and excurved posterior

flASTROPODA

129

profile. The striulae are more or less expressed, more or less distant, and rarely slightly
granular; they are always most developed on the back, and subobsolete in front. The genus
(as described by Forbes) is curiously like an Emarginula without a slit. The Sitcha speci-
mens range to long. .57, lat. .48, alt. .2. In color, sculpture, etc., it exactly resembles
L. caeca; but that species, as dredged off Norway, by M'Andrew and as represented in the
Cumingian collection, is conical, while caecoides is Ancyloid. Messrs. Adams figure Pro-
pilidium ancvloide, Forbes and Hani., under the name of Lcf'cta caeca; but the examples
above quoted are widely different. My most reliable friend Mr. Arthur .-Kdams, collected
specimens both of caeca and caecoides in the Japanese waters. The shells collected by Dr.
Stimpson in the North Pacific Exploring Expedition (Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean) were
marked Lepeta 'caeca, var. conccntrica Midd.' by Dr. Gould: Smiths. Cab. no. 1718" [Car-
penter, 1866c, p. 347]

The holotype has a printed label, "Type Puget Sound Kennerley."

Holotypc. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11849

Distribution.— Fuget Sound (type) ; Arctic and Bering Seas to Hakodate, Japan,^^ the
Aleutian Islands, and south to the Farallon Islands, California (Dall) ; 10-30 fathoms
(Willett).

Family TROCttiD.A.E
Genus Margarites Leach in Gray, 1847

Margarites Le.ach in Gray, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, p. 271 ; Dall, 1909, U. S.
Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 59, p. 97

Margarita Leach in Ross, 1819, Voyage of Discovery, H.M.S. Isabella and Alexander,
Baffin's Bay, app. II, p. LXI, not Margarita Leach, 1814, Zool. Misc., vol. 1, p. 107 fide
Neave

Eumargarita Fischer, 1885, Man. de Conchyliol., p. 825, pi. X, fig. 7 M. Iielicina (Fabricius)

Type species by monotypy, Margarites diaphana = Helix margarita Montagu = Turbo
helicinus Fabricius, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 393 = T. helicinus Phipps, 1774, Voy.
North Pole in 1773, app., p. 198. Recent. Circumboreal, to England, in Europe, Massachu-
setts Bay on west Atlantic, and to Catalina Island on the Pacific Coast. Pilsbry, 1889,
Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 286 synonymy, pi. 64, figs. 45-47

Margarites lacunatus (Carpenter)
(Plate 17, figs. 22, 23)

Gibbula lacunafa Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 627, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 139; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV. p. 425; Reprint, 1872, p. 239; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128
under .1/. lirulata; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under .1/. lirulata

Margarites (Lirularia) lacunafa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p 179; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 176; 1927. vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 206

Margarites lacunatus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946. no. 58. p. 9.

"Very small, nearly smooth, umbilicus henimed-in by swelling of columella.." [Carpenter,
1864, p. 653]

The following line should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description ( 1864. Dec.) as
republished by Oldroyd to make that copy complete :

"Hab. Neeah Bay (Szivn)." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 425]

The label of the holotype reads, "Type Neeah Bay, W.T.J. G. Swan."

Holotvpc. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15535b

Distribution.— yieah Bav, Washington (type), Neah Bay, Washington, to San Diego,
California (^Dall)

Margarites tenuisculptus Carpenter

Margarita (? v. [Vahlii]) tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 89,
139- 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 61; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128
under M. liridata Carpenter in part; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under
M. lirulata

^'■^ Keen (1941, p. 481) did not include this species in the list of species common to Japan
and western North America. Tadashige Habe (June 22, 1955, personal communication)
stated that this species has not been found since the original discovery.

130 ^rARTXE mollusca descrtrf.d p.v p. p. carpexter

Margarites {Margaritcs) (vahlii var.f) temiiscnlpta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 181 ;
Oldroyd, 1924." Pub. Piigct Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 178; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, 214
Margarites tcnuisculptus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39
Margarites (Margarites) tciniisculptus (Carpenter), BuRCH, 1946, no. 58, p. 11

". . . Like obsoleta, but operc. ribbed." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

"M. t. 'M. Vahlii' forma, colore, et opercula simillima ; sed striulis spiralibus, plus
minusve obsoletis cincta, quarum IV-VI in spira monstrantur. Long. .22, long, spin .11, lat.
13, div. 70°

"Hab. — Puget Sd., Kcnncrlcy. Neeah Bay, Szvan.

"Except in the very faint spiral sculpture, which does not always appear a constant
character in Margaritae (v. M. undulata in Fbs. and Hani. Br. AIoll.,) these shells might
stand for AL VahHi, a ? variety of which was found sparingly by Dr. Kennerley. They are
sornetimes painted with infrasutural flammules of darker ash. Both the smooth and the
striated forms have a prominent spiral rib on the whorls of the operculum." [Carpenter,
1865e, p. 61]

The holotype of this species has not been found. There is a specimen at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, no. 38192, bearing an original label, "Margarites ? var.
tenuisculpfa Smithsonian Neeah Bay." The specimen is pasted on a small piece of cardboard,
which in turn is pasted on an A.N.S.P. label. This specimen in lieu of a more autlieiitic
original Carpenter specimen might be selected as a neotype.

In early work Dall and Pilsbry considered this species synonymous with AT. lirulata
Carpenter, but in 1921 Dall listed it as separate from tliat form.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Puget Sound or Neah Bay, Wasliington (type) ; Puget Sound, Washing-
ton, and \'ancouver Island, British Columbia, to South Coronado Island, California (Burch)

Subgenus Pupillaria Dall, 1909

PupiUaria Dall, 1909. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 59, p. 97.

Type species by original designation Margarites pupilliis (Gould), 1849, Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist, Proc, vol. 3, p. 91 ; 1852, U. S. Expl. Exped., Moll., vol. 12, p. 186, Atlas, 1856,
pi. 12, fig. 208. Living. Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, to San Pedro, California (Dall).
Abbott, 1954, fig. 31c

Margarites (Pupillaria) acuticostatus Carpenter

Margarites acusficostala Carpenter, 1864b, Suppl. Rept. British Assoc. 1863, p. 612, 653;

Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139; 1864, July-Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 157;

Cooper 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Pilsbry, 1889, Alan. Conch.,

vol. XI, p. 297 under M. lirulata.
Margarites (Lirutaria) acuticostafa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 180, pi. 18, fig. 5 type;

Oldroyd, 1927; vol. II, pt. HI, p. 208
Margarites acuticostatus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 10; Smith

AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202

"Small, painting clouded: 3 sharp ribs on spine. 8-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]
The following should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description (1864 July-Dec) as
republished by Oldroyd (1927) to make that copy com])lcte :

"Hab. Santa Barbara, in kelp-root, 2, dead; Catalina Island, 8-10 fms. 20, some alive;
Monterey, 20 fms. 4, dead.

"This shell might be taken for a delicate form of Cibbula parcipicta, which in painting it
exactly resembles. It is known from Vancouver M. lirulata by the three sharp keels on the
spire, between which there are no others intercalating, and by the details of sculpture. The
patches of color are very variable, sometimes scarcely appearing ; and are generally deeper
tinted on the keels, giving a false appearance of granulation." [Carpenter, 1864e, p. 158]

The syntypes consist of two specimens labelled, "Catalina Id. Cooper type." Dall figured
(1921) one of the specimens as type. The type locality thus becomes Catalina Island instead
of Santa Barbara.

Lee to type. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16280

Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type) ; Bodega Bay, to Guadahijn' Island,
Mexico (Burch)

GASTROPODA

131

Margaritas (Pupillaria) funiculatus (Carpenter)

Gibbula fimiculata Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 628, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 139; 1864,
Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 427; Reprint, 1872, p. 239; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII,
p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128, under M. Urulata; Pilsbry, 1889,
Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under M. Urulata

Margarites (Lirularta) jiiniculata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 179, pi. 18, fig. 10 type;
Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 176.

Margarites funiailata (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 199

Margarites funiculatus Carpenter, Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 8
"Shaped like Montagui: with rounded spiral riblets." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]
The following line should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description (1864) as

republished by Oldroyd (1927) to make that copy complete:

"Hah. Neeah Bay (Sivan), specimen unicum." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 425 1

The holotype was figured by Dall (1921). The specimen measures 6 mm. height and 5 mm.

greatest diameter, which is higher than the measurement given by Dall (1921). The label

reads, "unique type Neeah Bay, W.I.J.G. Swan."
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15534b
Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

Margarites (Pupillaria) inflatulus Dall
(PI. 18, fig. 9, 10)

Margarita inflata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 653, no. 300; Reprint, 1872, 89, 139 in part; in

part Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26
In part M. rhodia Dall, 1921
Not Turbo inflatus Totten, 1834, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 26, p. 368; not Trochus inflatus

Smith, 1839, Mem. Wernerian Soc, vol. 8, pi. 1, fig. 10; Morris, 1843, Cat. Brit. Fos.,

p. 150 Margarita fide Sherborn, 1927, Index Animalium.
Margarita pupilla Gould, Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 127, in part; Pilsbry,

1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 295 in part
Margarites (Lirularia) inflatula Dall, 1919 [not 1920 as printed in Dall, 1921], U. S. Nat.

Mus., Proc, vol. 56, no. 2295, p. 365 new name for M. inflata Carpenter, 1864b and 1865e

in part; Dall, 1921. p. 179; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177;

1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 207; Keen, 1937, p. 39 inflatulus; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 9

inflatulus

"Thin, whirls [sic} very swollen; sculpture very fine; spiral hollow inside keeled umbili-
cus. [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653, no. 300] For Carpenter description, 1865e, see M. rhodia
Dall in this paper.

Dall (1919, p. 365; 1921, p. 179) in renaming M. inflata Carpenter, 1864, specified that
his new name M. inflatulus applied to the above reference and that the new name M. rhodia
Dall (1921) applied to M. inflata Carpenter (1865e, p. 62). However, the separation of the
species on the above references is not so simple as Dall indicated. Dall stipulated as type of
M. inflatulus the specimens labelled "Puget Sound, collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerley" (Dall,
1919, p. 365). Since the description (1865e, p. 62) of M. inflata Carpenter and all Carpen-
ter's references included material from Puget Sound (Kennerley), Vancouver (Lyall), and
Neah Bay (Swan), Dall's selection of the Kennerley specimen from Puget Sound as type
of M. inflatulus automatically makes the description of 1865e, as well as 1864b, in part refer-
ence to M. inflatula. Therefore the writer has, modified Dall's references to M. inflata Car-
penter (in part) = M. inflatulus Dall and M. inflata Carpenter (in part) = M. rhodia Dall,
in keeping with type material as indicated by Dall, rather than the specific date and page
reference which he gave.

For remainder of discussion of M. inflata Carpenter, see M. rhodia Dall in this paper.

Specimens in U. S. National Museum, no. 4494, bears the label "type of L. inflata Car-
penter pars = inflatula Dall. Type of both." This is the specimen indicated by Dall (1919,
p. 365).

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4494 (M. inflata Carpenter)

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type), Puget Sound, Washington, and Van-
couver Island, British Columbia. (Carpenter)

132 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Margarites (Pupillaria) lirulatus Carpenter
(PI. 17, figs. 20, 21)

Margarita lirulaia Carpen-ter, 1864b, p. 603, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 139; 1865, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 17, p. 61 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128 in part, including vars. and
other Carpenter species; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 296, pi. 65, figs. 81, 82,
87 including var. snbelcvata, obsoleta and conica.

Margarites {Lirularia) lirulata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 179; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 207 not pi. 101, fig. 1 same as
M. lirulata conica Dali., 1921 ; W'ili.ett in Burch, 1942, no. 16, p. 3.

Margarites lirulatus (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 841; Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch,
1946, no. 58, p. 9; S.mith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, no. 898, p. 202

"Small: operc. smooth: 2 sharp principal riblets on spire: outline variable." [Carpenter,
1864, p. 653]

The following line and concluding paragraph should be added to the copy of Carpenter's
1865 description published by Oldroyd (1927) to make the copy complete:

"Hah. — Puget Sd., Kcnncrlcy."

[Description of var. stibclevata, obsoleta and conica, wiiich see in this paper]

"The shells above described constitute what might be called a Darwinian group of specific
forms. With the exception of the typical shells dredged by Dr. Kennerley, they are all in
very bad condition. The Pugetian specimens are flattened, with open umbilicus, as might be
expected from quiet water. Two specimens, however, form an exact transition to the Xeeah
Bay shells, of which a fair number (var. a) were sent by Mr. Swan, though worn and
generally decorticated. They are more elevated, with fainter sculpture ; and pass, by insensible
gradations, into AI. tenusculpta, the two principal spiral lines becoming evanescent, and a
few others intercalating. In this state (var. |3) the species can only be separated by the
operculum, which is pale and thin, and destitute of the strongly expressed rib of the 'Vahlii'
group. A third form (var. y) would certainly claim specific rank, but for the intermediate
series of a and (3. The diagnostic characters for the whole series are the smooth operculum,
the eight narrow riblets round the base, with angular umbilicus and the sharp, narrow, prin-
cipal riblets above, witli wide interspaces, smooth except from the lines of growth, which are
principally visible in the epidermis. There may be three (so-called) species in the group, viz.:
lirulata, subelevata and conica." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 61]

There are three specimens in the U. S. National Museum labelled "type Puget Sd. Dr.
Kennerley." This label coincides with Carpenter's description. The middle-sized specimen of
the three is figured herein.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4191

Distribution.— Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Port Etches, Alaska, to San
Diego, California (Dall). Pleistocene (Grant and Gale; Waterfall, 1929). Pliocene (Water-
fall, 1929)

Margarites (Pupillaria) lirulatus conicus Carpenter

Margarita lirulata var. y conica Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 89. 139;

1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 61 ; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch.,

vol. yil, p. 128; PiLSRRv, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297
Margarites (Lirularia) lirulata conica (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 180, pi. 17, fig. 1 type;

Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 9
Margarites (Lirularia) lirulata (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. HI, pi. 101, fig. 1

same as Dall, 1921 conica
Margarites conicus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39
Margarites lirulatus conicus (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 59, p. 9

"... ? var. conica, very tall, with intercalarv ribs, like (7. farcipicta." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 653]

". . . ? var. Y- conica: t. valde elevata ; lirulis acutis, aliis interdum intercalantibus ;
umbilicus parvo. Long. .33, long. spir. .2, lat. .25, div. 58°.

"Hab. — Puget Sd., Kennerley, sp. un." [Carpenter, 1865c, p. 61]

The holotype in the U. S. National Museum has the label "unique type Puget Sd. Ken-
nerley." It was figured by Dall (1921).

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4191a
Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type)

GASTROPODA

.^3

Margarites (Pupillaria) lirulatus obsoletus (Carpenter)

(PI. 17, figs. 18, 19)

Margarita lintlata var. obsolcta Carpenter, 1864b, 603, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 139; 1865,

\cad Nat Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 61; Dall, 1871, Amcr. Jour. Conch., vol.

VII, p. 128; PiLSBRY, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297

Margarites (Lirularia) lintlata obsolcta Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 180; Oldkovd, 1924, Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 208
Margarites ohsolefus Carpenter, Keen, 1937, p. 39
Margarites lirulatus obsoletus Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 9.

". . . var. obsoleta, sculpture evanescent:" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

". . . var. P obsoleta; t. ut in ? var. subclevata; lirulis evanesccntibus ; operculo planato,
tenuissimo, suturis indistinctis.

"Hab. — Neeah Bay, Swan." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 61]

The syntypes consist of 8 specimens in the U. S. National Museum. The apices of all are
rough and except in one young individual are worn. There are about three rough spiral ribs
over the whorls of the spire, depending on age, with a smooth or roughened surface between
the ribs ; three spiral ribs over the body whorl above the basal carina ; below the carina they
are coarse but finer than the ribs above the carina. The label reads "Types, Neeah Bay,
W. T. J. G. Swann."

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15537e

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

Margarites (Pupillaria) lirulatus subelevatus Carpenter
(Pi. 17, figs. 16, 17)

Margarita lirulata var. a subclevata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 653 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 139 ;

Carpenter, 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 61 ; Dall, 1871, Amer.

Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297
Margarites {Lirularia) lirulata subclevata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 180, Oldroyd, 1924,

Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 208
Margarites subelevatus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39
Margarites subelevatus (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 10

". . . Var. subelevata, raised, livid:" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

"? Var. a. subelevata; t. elatiore ; colore livido, intensiore ; lirulis vix acutis.

"Hab. — Puget Sd., Kcnnerlcy, Neeah Bay, Sii'an." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 61]

The type material consists of 12 specimens. The largest measures 7 mm. height and 6.5
mm. greatest diameter ; the smallest measures 3 mm. height and 2.5 mm. greatest diameter.
The label reads as follows : "Types, Neeah Bay, W. T. J. G. Swan."

Syntypes. — U. S. National Aluseum, No. 15537

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington, (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington, to San Pedro,
California (Burch)

Margarites (Pupillaria) optabilis (Carpenter)

Gibbula optabilis Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139; 1866. Feb.,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 214; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 128 under M. lirulata;

PiLSBRY, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under M. lirulata
Margarites (Lirularia) optabilis (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 179, pi. 17, fig. 7, type;

Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. III. pi. 101, fig. 6 same as Dall, 1921 not pi. 108, fig. 6 as

stated; Willett in Burch, 1942, no. 16, p. 3
Margarites optabilis (Carpenter), Keen. 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946. no. 58 p. 9; Smith and

CioRDON, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202
Margarites (Pupillaria) optabilis (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946,

U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, 207, p. 62

"Wider: decussated between ribs: 2 spiral lines inside umbilicus." [Carpenter, 1864b. p.
653]

"G. t. parva, pulcherrima, subconica ; lurida, fusco-purpureo maculata ; anfr. v. sub quad-
ratis, suturis distinctis; carinis principalibus in spira ii., alia intercalante ; carina fortiori
peripheriali, et lirulis circ. VI. basalibus, regulariter colore punctatis ; lira postica subobso-
lete suturam attingente ; aliis minoribus intercalantibus ; interstitiis ubique tenerrime et ere-

134 MARTXE MOLLT'SCA t)ESCRTftED TRY t'. P. CARPENTER

berrime decussatis; basi subtumcnte, ad carinam pcripberialem fere rectangulato ; apertura
subquadrata, columella parum arcuata ; umbilico inagiio, infundibuliformi, angulato ; liris ii.
intus spiralitcr ascendentibus.

"Long. 0.19, long. spir. 0.10, lat. 0.19, div. 80°.

"Hah. San Pedro, Palmer, one specimen." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 214]

The hoiotype of tliis .species is labelled, "unique type San Pedro Palmer," which coincides
with Carpenter's description (1866a, p. 214).

Although the explanation of the figure is not so labelled (Dall, 1921, pi. 17, fig. 7), the
illustration by Dall is probably a drawing of the hoiotype. The measurements are the same,
and the specimen is labelled, "fig'd."

Hoiotype.— v. S. National Museum, no. 15287

Disfribufion. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; Santa Barbara, California, to Coro-
nado Islands, California (Kelsey in Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Margarites (Pupillaria) parcipictus (Carpenter)
(PI. 17, figs. 5, 6)

Gibbula parcipicta Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 627, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 139; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 426; Reprint, 1872, p. 238; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Anier. Jour. Conch., vol. VII,
p. 128 under M. lirulata; Pilsbry, 1889. Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under M. lirulafa

Margarites (Lirularia) parcipicta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 179, ref. "Proc. Cal. Acad.
Sci., vol. 3, p. 157," change to p. 158; for proper reference see above; pi. 17, fig. 3 not
good representation, Abbott, 1954, fig. 31e is the same fig; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 177; pi. 47, fig. 2 same as Dall, 1921 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.
II, pt. Ill, p. 199 see note after Dall, 1921, for references; pi. 101, fig. 4 same as Dall,
1921

Margarites parcipictus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 9; Smith
AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202

Margarites (Pupillaria) parcipictus (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, 207, p. 62

"Like strong growth of Marg. lirulata, var." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 653]

The following lines should be changed in the copy of Carpenter's description (1864, Dec.)
as republished by Oldroyd (1927) to make the copy of that description complete:

Delete "poll".

Add:

"—div. 70°.

"Hob. Neeah Bay {Szvan) ; Santa Cruz (Rowell)." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 426]

Oldroyd included a translation of Carpenter's Latin description.

The hoiotype in U. S. National Museum labelled "type" is the second specimen men-
tioned by Carpenter. The shell is labelled "Santa Cruz, Cal. Rowell." Since the first men-
tioned specimen, "Neah Bay," is apparently not now available, tiie type locality becomes
Santa Cruz instead of Neah Bay, as stipulated in Oldroyd (1927) and Burch (1946).

Dall's (1921) drawing and the photograph of the type, herein included do not represent
the same shell, or the drawing does not depict wholly the characters of the specimen. The
hoiotype has only two primary spiral ribs on the whorls of the spire, as described by Car-
penter; six basal spirals including the carina are on the body whorl; all the spirals are
crossed by conspicuous longitudinal striations. These are not illustrated on Dall's figure.

Hoiotype. — U. S. N^ational Museum, no. 31114

Distribution. — Santa Cruz ( Island), s-* California (type) ; Sitka, Alaska, to San Martin
Island and to Guadelupc Island, Alexico (Burch)

^* If the locality "Santa Cruz" of Carpenter's description (1864d, Dec, p. 426) is intended
to supplement the locality data 1864b, Aug., p. 653), then Santa Cruz is the island of Santa
Cruz, Santa Barbara Channel. The locality list in the latter reference included only the
Farallon Islands and .Santa Barbara group, other tiian \'ancouver.

GASTROPODA

135

Margarites (Pupillaria) rhodia^s Dall

Margarita mflata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 139 in part; 1865,

Acad. Kat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc. vol. 17, p. 62 in part = M. rJwdia Dall, 1921, p.

179, pi. 17, fig. 4 type; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26 in part
Margarita pupilla Gould, Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., p. 127 in part
Not M. inflata Totten, 1834, Brown, 1839, or Morris, 1854, see under M. inflatulus Dall

for references
Margarites (Pupillaria) rhodia Dall, 1921 (not 1920 as in Dall), p. 179, pi. 17, fig. 4 lec-

totype; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 204, pi. 101, fig. 5 same fig. as Dall, 1921;

Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 7

"Thin, whirls [sic] very swollen ; sculpture very fine ; spiral liollow inside keeled umbiH-
cus." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

In part, see also under M. inflatulus Dall.

The following line should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1865) :

"Hab. Puget Sound, Kcnncrlcy. Vancouver, Lyall. Neeah Bay, Sivan.

"Only two adult specimens of this remarkably elegant species have been seen. It re-
sembles the shell from Greenland called M. striata, Brod. and Sby., in the British Museum,
but that under the same name from Behring Straits appears distinct. In many respects it is
like M. undulata. but differs in the greater swelling of the whorls meeting at a nearly rec-
tangular suture, in the far more delicate sculpture without waves the keeling of the umbilicus
and the bend in the pillar which causes a slight spiral hollow inside the umbilical rib." [Car-
penter, 1865e, p. 62]

In the U. S. National Museum specimen no. 5332 = 15585 is labelled "M. inflata Cpr.
Puget Sd." Another label with the same specimen reads "15585 Cotype M. inflata Neeah
Bay W. T. J. G. Swan." "= M. rhodia Dall" is in pencil on the label. On the underside of
the label is written, "One of the typical specimens Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Apr. 1865 p.
62."

Carpenter's description (1865) stipulated specimens from Puget Sound collected by Ken-
ncrley and Neah Bay collected by Swan. Dall (1919) definitely selected the Kennerley speci-
men from Puget Sound as the type of M. inflatulus Dall (M. inflata Carpenter in part). The
above notes reveal that the Swan specimen from Neah Bay Dall designated as the type of
M. rJiodi<i. He did not indicate (1921, pi. 17) that the specimen figured was the type, but
since there w'as only one specimen the figured shell w^ould certainly be the Swan specimen.
See the discussion under M. inflatulus Dall.

Dimensions. — Lectotype : height, 10 mm. and greatest diameter, 11 mm.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15585

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Port Althorp, Alaska, to San Diego, Cali-
fornia (Dall)

Margarites (Pupillaria) salmoneus (Carpenter)

Margarita (? var.) salmonea Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 653. Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139;

1864, July-Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 158; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch.,

vol. XI, p. 295 under M. pupilla Gould; Dall, 1921, p. 178, pi. 18, fig. 6, 9 type; Oldroyd,

1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 203
Margarita pupilla var. salmonea (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 127 in part
Margarites (Pupillaria) salmoneus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39; Burch, 1946, no. 58,

P- 7
Margarites salmoneus (Carpenter), Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202

"Between pupilla and undulata : salmon-tinted, sculpture fine, not decussated : sutures not
waved. 6-40 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

The following paragraphs should be added to the copy of Carpenter's description (1864e,
p. 158( as republished by Oldroyd (1927) :

^s The specific name is left in the feminine because the writer is not sure of its origin.

136 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Hah. Monterey, 6-20 fms. 5, alive ; Catalina Island, 30-40 fms. 2, alive.

"This shell differs from the common Margarita of the Vancouver district (M. t>upil!a
Gld. = caUiostoma A. Ad.), in its mucli deeper and salmon-tinted hue; its finer sculpture,
absence of decussation, and want of distant lirae round the umbilicus. From the Norwegian
specimens of .1/. undulata it is known by the absence of sutural waves, and by the finer basal
riblets, of which the interstices are minutely sculptured across. The operculum differs from
both, in its great thinness and smoothness. Additional specimens may better display its true
relations."* [Carpenter, 1864e. July-Dec, p. 158]

*Specimens from Monterey, and one from the beach of the Farallone Islands, are intermediate
between that described by Mr. Carpenter (Catalina Island specimen) and the northern M.
pup ilia. J. G. Cooper

Oldroyd included a translation of Car])cnter's Latin description.

Dall (1921) published a drawing of tlic holotyix-. The printed label of that specimen
reads "Monterey, Cal. Cooper."

Holntype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16279

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type) ; Puget Sound, to Cayucos, California, San
Luis Obispo County, California (Burch)

"Section" Lirularia Dall, 1909

Lirularia Dall, April 1909, U. S. Geol. Sur.. Prof. Paper. 59, p. 98.

Type species by original designation, Margarita liridata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653; .A.cad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelnhia, Proc, vol. 17, 1865, p. 61. Recent. Port Etches, Alaska, to San Diego,

California (PI. 17, figs. 20, 21)

Dall originally described Lirularia as a section of the subgenus Pupillaria. In 1921 he
raised the group to subgeneric rank. This classification has been followed by authors but ap-
parently not with conviction that it is correct (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 839; Burch, 1946, no.
58, p. 8). In analyzing such segregation as M. rhodia Dall in Pupillaria and M. inflatulus Dall
in Lirularia, the writer does not see justification for the importance of subgeneric rank of
Lirularia. The writer therefore returns to its use as a section and is aware that sections have
no nomenclatorial status in the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, except that
the International Commission agreed to recommend that such groups be treated as having
subgeneric status. (Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, pts. 13-15, 1950, no. 9, p. 441-443).

Margaritas (Pupillaria) succinctus Carpenter

Gihhula succincta Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 627, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 139; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 426, 427; Reprint, 1872. p. 238; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII,
p. 128 under M. lirulata; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 297 under M. lirulata

Margaritcs (Lirularia) succincta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921. p. 179, pi. 17, fig. 9 type; Old-
Rovi), 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 176, pi. 45, fig. 11 same as Dall,
1921 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 205 ; Willett in Burch, 1942, no. 16, p. 3

Margaritcs succinctus (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 39; Bltrch, 1946, no. 58, p. 8; Smith
AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202

Marqaritcs (Pupillaria) succinctus (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, 207, p. 62

"Small, scarcely sculptured, with spiral brown pencillings." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

The following line should be added to Oldroyd's copy (1927) of Carpenter's description
(1864d, p. 427) :

"Hab. — Neeali Bay (S"ii'a)i) ; Lower California, on Haliotis (Ro'wcll)." [Car]ienter, 1864d,
p. 427]

The syntypes consist of three specimens ; according to their label they are the specimens
Rowell got on the Haliotis in Lower California. The Neah Bay specimen is apparently not
available. The type locality is, therefore. Lower California althougli not definitely stated
where in that area.

The largest of the syntypes was figured by Dall (1921). The measurement given by Dall
(explanation pi. 17, fig. 9) is 1 mm. larger than the writer's measurement. The specimens
have a large umbilicus. Numerous spiral ribs are present over the whorls, largest on the pos-
terior part of the whorls.

GASTROrOUA

137

Dimensions. — Heiglit : 4 mm., 3 mm., 2 ± mm. ; greatest diameter : 4 mm., 3 mm., 2 ±
mm., respectively

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15562

Distribution. — Recent. Lower California on Ilaliofis (type) ; Sitka, Alaska, to San Martin
Island, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Genus Cidarina Dall, 1909

Cidarina Dall, 1909. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper, 59, p. 98 _

Type species by original designation, Margarita [es] cidaris (A. Adaats in Carpenter),

1864b, Aug., p. 653. Recent. Alaska, to Cape San Quentin, Lower California (PI. 17, fig.

13)

Cidarina cidaris (Adams in Carpenter)
(PI. 17, f^g. 13)

Margarita cidaris Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 627 "n.s.", 653 "A. Ad. n.s. ;" Reprint, 1872,
pp. 113, 139; 1864, Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 426; Reprint, 1872, p.
238; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. Cali-
fornia State Wm., p. 249 ; 1894, California State Mm. Bur. Bull. 4, pt. 3, p. 27
Turciada (?) cidaris (A. Adams, Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. 11, p. 331,

copy original description
SolaricUa oxvbasis Dall, 1889, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 12, no. 773, p. 352, pi. 2, fig. 6

fide Cooper, 1894, and Dall, 1921 [Young]
SolaricUa cidaris (A. Adams), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 15, no. 898,

p. 202, pi. XXII, fig. 4; Arnold. 1903, p. 334 in part ? pi. VII, fig. 11
SoJariella cidaris Carpenter, Taylor, 1895, Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans., ser. 2, vol. 1, sec. IV,

p. 91
Cidarina cidaris (A. Adams). Dall. 1909. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 59, p. 98; 1921. p.
177; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 173, pi. 5, fig. 16; 1924b,
vol. 11, pt. Ill, p. 193. pi. 91, fig. 7 same fig. as 1924, pi. 5, fig. 16; Grant and Gale,
1931, p. 838, pi. 32, fig. 22; Keen. 1937, p. 33; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad.
_ Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 202
Cidarina cidaris (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 5
Lischkeia cidaris (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 109, fig. 31h, same fig. as Williamson, 1892

" . A. Ad. n.s. Large, knobby, like thin Turcica, with simple pillar and small um-
bilicus." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

Oldroyd republished (1924) Carpenter's description (1864b, Dec.) of this species. The
following corrections should be made in her copy :

Delete second "carinatus," lines 4 and 5 of description.

"Hah. Neeah Bay (Swan)

"Mr. A. Adams suggested the above expressive name for this very remarkable and unique
shell." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 426]

It is not expedient nor true to credit this species wholly to Adams as is commonly done.
Adams suggested the name, but Carpenter executed the description. Credit to Adams alone
when it is not in a publication by that author may be confusing, even though the original
reference is given in Dall (1921) and Oldroyd (1924).

A similar case is that of Assiniinca grayana Fleming (Leach in Fleming. 1828), type spe-
cies of Assiniinca Fleming (Leach in Fleming), which see. Leach sent Fleming a specimen so
labelled which Fleming acknowledged in his description of the new species, new genus. Thus
Leach would be the author of Assiniinca. However, Fleming is rightfully stipulated in litera-
ture as the author.

The holotype has a label "Alargarita cidaris A. Ad. Type Neeah Bay, W. T. J. G. Swan."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15600

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Kasaiin Bay, Alaska, to Cape San
Quintin, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale; Wood-
ring, Bramlette, and Kew% 1946, p. 62). Pleistocene or Pliocene. California (Carpenter in
Cooper, 1888; Grant and Gale)

]3(S MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRl I'.i:i) 1?V V. V. CARTKNTER

Genus Solariella S. Wood, 1842

SolaricUa S. Wood, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 531

Type species by monotypy .9. vwcitlata S. Wood, Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pi. V, figs. 7,
' 10. Pliocene. England. S. Wood, 1848, Palaeont. Soc, Mon. Crag. Moll., vol. 1, Uni-
valves, p. 135, pi. XV, fig. 3

Solariella peramabilis Carpenter

(PI. 17, figs. 3, 4)

Solariella peramabilis Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139; 1864e,
July-Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. ITT, p. 156; Cooper, 1867, Gcog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 312. pi. 67, figs. 59-
61; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol. 15. no. 898, p. 202; Dall, 1921, p.
177. pi. 17, fig. 8 prohablv type; Oldroyd. 1924, Pub. Puget Sound P>iol. Station, vol. 4,
p. 174, pi. 5. fig. 13; 1927. vol. H, pt. TIT, p. 195, pi. 91, fig. 8; pi. 101, fig. 7 both same
as Dall, 1921 ; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 839; Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1946, no. 58,
p. 5; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p.
202; Abbott, 1954, p. Ill, fig. 31b same fig. as Dall, 1921.

"Subgenus of Margarita, with open, crenated, umbilicus. Species most ornate, with deli-
cate sculpture. Umbilicus with 3 internal spiral lines, crossed by lirulae : operculum sculp-
tured. Like Minolia aspecta, A. Ad. 40-120 fm. living. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

"S. t. tenuissima, elegantissime sculpta, livida, rufofusco pallide maculata ; anfr. nucl. ii
valde tumidis, lacvibus, apice mammillato; dein anfr. norm. IV Tabulatis, suturis fere rec-
tangulatis, supra spiram bi-seu tri-carinatis, carinulis aliis postea intercalantibus ; tota super-
ficie elegantissime et creberrime radiatim lirulata, lirulis acutissimis, extantibus. supra carinas
subgranulosis, interstitia anfr. primis fenestrantibus, postea decussantibus ; basi valde ro-
tundata ; carinulis circ v., antica granulosa, sculpta ; umbilico maximo, anfractus intus mon-
strante, lincis spiralibus circ. iii distantibus, et lirulis radiantibus a basi continuis, concinne
ornato; apertura rotundata, a carinulis indentata. vix parieti attingente, intus iridescente,
nacrea : operculo tenuissimo, multispirali, anfr. circ. x., radiatim eleganter rugulosis.

"Long. 0.38, long. spir. 0.19, lat. 0.42, div. 85°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 30-120 fms. 20, both alive and dead.

"The name Solariella given to a crag fossil (tertiary) species by Searles Wood, which
he afterwards reunited to Margarita, is here used as a subgenus, in the author's sense, for
Margaritae with large crenated umbilicus. This is one of the many instances in which the
North Pacific fauna carries out the ideas of the English crag. Unfortunately, the same ap-
pears in Add. Gen. I, 431, for a subgenus of Monilea, with which these shells have only a
limited affinity : and, accordingly, the true Sohriellae have been reconstituted as part of
Minolia. A. Ad. That gentleman, however, fully accords with the present arrangement. The
Sohriellae are known from Trochiscus, and from all forms of Solariadae, by the normal (not
inverted ( nuclear whirls f.^/r] ,• and from the Solarids, by the nacreous texture.

"Dr. Cooper's very lovely species of a very lovely group may possibly prove to be a va-
riety of the Japanese 'Minolia aspecta A. Ad.' ms. in Mus. Cuming; but, until more speci-
mens from each district have been compared, it is more prudent to keep them separate. It
seems to have exhau.sted the powers of sculpture on its graceful habitation. Under the micro-
scope, the sharp transverse lirulae, mounting over the keels, dividing the interspaces, and even
ascending the wide umbilicus, are eminently beautiful. Even the operculum is sculptured with
delicate waved radiating lines. It has the aspect of an extremely thin Torinia, with a funnel-
shaped umbilicus. This is not only bounded by a granular keel, but has three other distant
spiral lines crossing the lirulae. The radiating sculpture is more distant on the upper whirls,
where first two, then three keels appear, fenestrated by the lirulae, which afterwards become
much closer, and are sometimes worn away behind the labrum." [Carpenter, 1864e, July-Dec,
p. 156]

Pilsbry (1889) translated Carpenter's description (1866) and republished a portion of the
English. Oldroyd republished Pilsbry's translation. The drawing published by Dall (1921) is
apparently a figure of the lectotypc, but it is not exact in details. The longitudinal ribs are
stronger than in the Dall drawing as may be seen by comparing the photograph of the holo-
type herein included. There is one specimen in the U. S. National Museum labelled "Cotype
Cataline Id. Cooper." Since there would, therefore, have been more than one type at some-
time, the existing type is a lectotype.

Lectotypc. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16281

GASTROPODA

139

Distribution.— Rtcmt. Catalina Island, California (type). Forrester Island, Alaska, to
San Diego, California, and the Coronado Islands, California, also Japan (Dall).56 Pleistocene
(Arnold). Pliocene (Waterfall, 1929)

Genus Calliostoma Swainson, 1840

Calliostoma Swainsox, 1840, Treatise on Malacology, p. 218, 351

Type species by subsequent designation, Hermannsen, 1846, Indicis Gcnerum Malacozoorum,

vol. 1, p. 154, Trochus comtlus Lixnaeus. 1758, Syst. Nat. X, p. 759; XII, 1767, p. 1230

= in SwAixsox, 1840, T. conula Mart. 166. f. 1588 fide Haxley, 1855, Ipsa Lmn.

Conchyl., p. 322; Living. Mediterranean. Pilsbry, 1889, Alan. Conch., vol. XI, pi. 65, figs.

70-72

Calliostoma costafiim laqiieatiim Carpenter, ms.
The holotype of this nude name is in the U. S. National Aluscum, no. 15478. It is labelled,
"Neah Bay, J. G. Swan." The name was never validated by Carpenter.

Calliostoma gemmulatum Carpenter
(PI. 17, figs. 7, 8)

Calliostoma formosum Carpenter, 1864e, Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 156
Calliostoma gemmulatum Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139;
1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 215 new name for C. formosum Carpenter
not Forbes; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 26; Pilsbry, 1889,
Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 371, pi. 67, fig. 54; Williamsox, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 15, no. 898, p. 201, pi. XII, fig. 3; Arnold, 1903. p. 330; Dall, 1921, p. 176; Oldroyd,
1927, vol II, pt. Ill, p. 189; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 835; Keen, 1937, p. 32; Burch,
1946, no. 57, p. 30, 32; no. 58, p. 3; Abbott, 1954, p. 115, fig. 33d same fig. as Williamson,
1892

"Very swollen; painted like cximium: with 2 principal and 2 smaller rows of granules."
[Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 653]
". . . State Collection 615a.

"C. t. subelevata, brunnescens, fusco-purpureo nebulosa, anfr. VII valde tumentibus, su-
turis impressis; carinis majoribus in spira duabus, gemmatis, interdum brunneo hue et illuc
tinctis; serie granulorum minorum prope suturam ; serie quarta minimorum_ inter duas
carinas; lirulis basalibus circ. IX., fusco maculatis; interstitiis a lineis incrementi corrugatis;
apertura subquadrata. Long. 0.47, long. spir. 0.34, lat. 0.43, div. 68°.

"Hab. San Pedro five; San Diego four dead on beach at low water — very rare. It is
well distinguished by the two principal necklaces, with smaller rows intercalating. In color-
ing it resembles C. eximium Reeve (versicolor Menke, Mazatlan, Catal.), from the Gulf of
California. [Carpenter, 1864e, Dec, p. 156, C. formosum]

"Calliostoma gemmulatum, Cpr. Br. Assoc Rep. 1863, pp. 612, 653.
"Syn. C. formosum, Cpr. Proc. Cal. Ac. 1864, 155: non Forbes.

"While the sheets of the Report were passing through the press, it was fotmd that the
name had been preoccupied by Forbes. As it happened the Californian sheet was being printed
simultaneously, and there was no time to make the alteration." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 215]

Carpenter's statement (preceding paragraph) settles the question that C. gemmulatum
is the new name for C. formosum Carpenter and not for C. supragranostim Carpenter (1866a,
p. 214), as indicated by Pilsbry (1889, p. 370)^' and followed by Grant and Gale (1931, p.
836).

The writer made the following notes regarding the specimen labelled type in the L^ S.
National Museum and figured herein :

Nucleus is present, composed of about two and a half smooth whorls, followed by about
three-quarters of a whorl which bears faint spiral ribs; the following whorls are sculptured
with three large nodose spiral ribs, middle rib largest, the posterior the smallest on the
whorls of the spire; faint spiral striae are present just above the suture. The body is carinated
at base with four large nodose spirals above ; shoulder spiral is largest, with the smallest just

56 Modified. Keen, (1941, p. 481). Tadashige Habe, Jime 22, 1955, personal communication,
stated that this species has not been found since the original discovery.

s'^ Apparently there is a conflict in references in Pilsbry (1889. p. 370, 371), for C. for-
mosum is also properly listed in C. gemmulatum Carpenter. Page 155 should be page 156 in
C. formosum Carpenter reference.

140 AfARIKE MOLLUSCA DESCRTRKD P.V P. V. CARPENTER

below ; faint revolving striae are below the first posterior nodose spiral. All revolving ribs are
crossed by longitudinal striae. The 10 or 11 basal spirals are not nodose.

The validity of the holotype status of the specimen so labelled in the U. S. National Mu-
seum is doubtful or there has been an error in the labeling. The specimen bears a printed la-
bel "Catalina Id. Cooper type." The only localities mentioned by Carpenter in the original
notes are San Pedro and San Diego. Original San Pedro or San Diego material is not
available; hence it is difficult to choose a lectotype to replace the "Catalina Id." shell. The
specimen catalogued as type is no. 16261, U. S. National Museum.

Type. — See above

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro or San Diego, California (type) ; Cayucos, San Pedro,
California, to Gulf of California (Burcii). Pleistocene (.Arnold; Grant and Gale). Pliocene
(Arnold)

Calliostoma splendens Carpenter
(PI. 17, figs. 11, 12)
Calliostoma splendors Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139; 1864,
July-Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 156; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geog. Sur. California, p. 26; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 126 young of
C. costatum Martyn ; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 362, 363 young of C. cos-
tatimi Martyn following Dall; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no.
898, p. 201, pi. XXI, fig. 5; Dau., 1921, p. 177; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 182, pi.
98, fig. 1 same as Williamson, pi. XXI, fig. 5; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 837; Keen,
1937. p. 32; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 29, 32; no. 58, p. 3; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202; Abbott, 1954, p. 116, fig. 33c
same fig. as Williamson, 1892

"Orange chestnut with fleshy nacre; small, ratlier flattened, base glossy. 6—40 fm. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]

The following lines should be changed in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's descrip-
tion (1864, p. 156) :

Delete "poll" and add, div. 87°.

Add:

"Hab. Monterey, 20 fms. dredged 2, dead ; Santa Barliara, in roots of kelp growing in
about 10 fms. 13, dredged in 16 fms., 2 dead; S. B. Island, 2, dead, on beach; Catalina Island,
30-40 fms. 2, alive ; San Diego, 1, dead.

"The specimens here described are probably mature, and are well marked in character.
The painting is richly lustrous, of a fleshy nacre inside ; outside, of a rich orange-chestnut or
red, variously laid on a light ground, sometimes with streaks of nacreous purple, often with
dots on the ribs. The operculum is extremely thin and transparent." [Carpenter, 1864e, p.
156]

The syntypcs have the printed label, "Tj'pe Catalina Id. Cooper." There are two speci-
mens with the following dimensions, respectively : 5 mm. height and 5 mm. greatest diameter ;
3 mm. height and 3.5 mm. greatest diameter. The larger of the two specimens is figured
herein.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16278

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Gua-
dalupe Island, Ivlexico (Strong and Hanna /;; Burch). Pleistocene (Grant and Gale)

Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter
(PI. 17, figs. 14, IS)
Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 653; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 139; 1866,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 214; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 26; Ph.sbrv, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 369, pi. 67, fig. 71 ; Williamson,
1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 201 ; Dail, 1921, p. 176; Oldrovd, 1927,
vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 189; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 836 in part; Keen, 1937, p. 32; Burch,
1946, no. 57, p. 30, 32; no. 58, p. 3; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol.
Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 62 Plei.stocene ; Abbott, 1954, p. 115, pi. 18, figs.

"Swollen, with sharp ribs; posterior 1-4 granular." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 653]
"C. t. parva; anfr. v. tumentiinis ; liris acutis cincta, (piarum me(Hae lacves, posticae gran-
osae, basales IX minores.

"Hab. San Diego; Cooi)er.

GASTROPODA

141

"The single specimen sent differs as above from the young of the next species." [C. gcm-
iniilatum] [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 214]

The holotype has the label, "Type San Diego Cp."

From an examination of the holotype this species is like a superaccelerated C. splettdens
in the number of ribs and retention of beaded ribs. The nucleus consists of one or one and a
half smooth bulbous whorls followed by coarsely ribbed whorls ; after about one whorl there
are three coarse spirals, and the spiral ribs are more strongly beaded on the shoulder of the
whorl; 6 spirals on the penultimate whorl and 11 on the body whorl with a basal carina; 10
plain spiral ribs on the base.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14925

Distnhiition.— Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California, south to Pe-
quena Bay, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene (Chace; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Calliostoma variegatum Carpenter
(PI. 17, fig. 9. 10)

Calliostniiia (? var.) varicqatum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 138;
1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 61 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geo!. Sur. California, p. 26; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch, vol. XI, p. 364

Calliostoma variegatum Carpenter, Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XXI\ , p. 552,
pi XXXIX fig 10; 1921, p. 176; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4,
p. 172; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 185, pi. 100, fig. 10 same as Dall, 1902. pi. XXXIX,
fig. 10; Keen, 1937, p. 32; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 30. 32; no. 58, p. 2; S^^ITH and
Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 202; Abbott,
1954, p. 116, fig. 33b same fig. as Dall, 1902
"Small, more conical, nodules more distant, white on rosy ground." [Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 652]

The following should be changed in the copy of Carpenter's description (1865) published

by Oldroyd (1927).

"Correct "13" to read ".13."

Add:

"Hah. — Puget Sd., sp. un legit Kennerley. This may prove to be an extreme variety of

Cal. annulatum, Martyn." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 61]

The holotype is a beautiful specimen with a tiny entire rosy protoconch consisting of one
or more smooth bulbous whorls with an indistinct line of demarcation followed by a large
rough whorl with spiral ribs, but the ribs are not nodose ; the nodosity begins on the follow-
ing ribs. On the body whorl there is a fourth nodose interradial which on the whorls of the
spire is a faint cord ; the nodes are white with brownish internodes.

The label of the holotype bears the following printed label, "Puget Sound, W. T. Dr.
Kennerly [sic] Type."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, No. "4201 ?"'S

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Cerros
Island, Lower California (Burch).

Genus Tegula Lesson, 1835

Tcgula Lesson, 1835,"''' Illustrations de Zoologie, liv. 17, pi. 51

Type species by monotypy Tcgula clcgans Lesson, 1835, Illustrations de Zoologie, Hv. 17,
pi. 51, figs. 1. 2, A, and description = Trochus pellis-scrpentis Wood. 1828, Suppl. Index
Testaceologicus, pi. 5, fig. 4a. Recent. West Coast Central America — Gulf of California.
Pilsbry, 1889 Man. Conch., vol. XI, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2

58 Oldroyd (1927, p. 186) stated "Type in United States National Museum, no. 122567."
The U. S. National Museum Catalogue reads for no. 122567: "Puget Sd. Coast of Wash-
ington, Sta. 2882, 68 fms. sd. 458 U. S. F. Com. Sta. Albatross July 25. 1891, 1 specimen,
figured specimen." A specimen collected in 1891 could not be an original type of a Car-
penter species, for Carpenter died in 1877. No. 122567 is probably the specimen figured by
Dall (1902).

59 Catalogue Books, Manuscripts, Maps, and Drawings in the British Museum, vol. Ill,
L-O, 1910, p. 1096; dates by livr.

142 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIUKI) I?V I'. P. CARPENTER

Subgenus Chlorostoma Swainson, 1840

Chlorostoma Swainson, 1840, Treat. Malacol, p. 350

Type species by subsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 1846, Indices Gen. Malacozoorum,

vol. I, p. 231, Trochiis aryrostovms Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat, 13 ed., pt. VI, p. 3583.

Recent. Philippines and China seas. Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, pi. 25, figs.

11, 12.

Tegula (Chlorostoma) funebralis subaperta (Carpenter)
(PI. 19, figs. 1, 2)

Chlorostoma funcbrale subatcrtum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 138;
Cooper. 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 25 ; Dall in Williamson, 1892,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 200, pi. 21, fig. 6 type; Arnold, 1903, p. 325

Tcgnla (Chlorostoma) funcbrale subapcrtmn (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 174

Tequla {Chlorostoma) funebralis subaperta (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
I'.iol. Station, vol. 4, p. 171 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 174; Bailey, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 154; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 827; Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1946, no. 57,
p. 35

Tegula funebralis A. Adams, Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, no. 8, p. 201 subaperta included under

". . . funcbrale .... with umbilical pits." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652]

The holotype is a shell with an operculum. The label is "Neeah Bay J. G. Swan type."

The shell is blackish, partly smooth, smoothest over the spire and lower body whorl ;
strong sutural rib present just below the suture; spiral ribs on the upper body whorl; apex
worn, blunt, base with spiral ribs ; posterior groove on the labrum, large tooth on the labium ;
umbilicate ; operculum horny, circular, spiraling, and thin.

Dall (1892) figured the basal area of the holotype.

Some authors have expressed doubt as to the value of this subspecies. Burch stated that
certain colonies seem to be umbilicated and others not.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 123496

Distribution. — Recent. Neali Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington, to San
Diego, California (Baker in Grant and Gale, 1931). Pleistocene (Arnold)

Genus Halistylus Dall, 1889

Halistylusp.\Lh, 1889, U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol. 12, p. 341

Type species by original designation, H. columna Dall, 1889, U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol.

12, p. 341, pi. IX, fig. 7. Recent. Rio de Janeiro, 59 fathoms; oflf Rio de la Plata, 10-12
fathoms

The type species of tliis genus is smooth. The West Coast species differs from the typical
by the presence of fine spiral sculpture.

Halistylus pupoideus (Carjienter)
(PI. 19. fig. 4)

Fenella pupoidea Carpenter. 1864b. p. 613. 656; Reprint. 1872. p. 99. 142; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., vol. III. p. 217; Cooper. 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll, Geol. Sur. California, p. 30
Fenella subpnpoidea Tryon, 1887. Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 394. pi. 60, fig. 77 new name for

F. pupoidea not Finclla pupoides A. Adams, 1860, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. VI,

p. 336
Halistylus subpupoideus (Trvon). Dall. 1921, p. 174: Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound

Biol. Station, vol. 4. p. 171 ; 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 173; Keen, 1937, p. Z6
Cantharidus (HaUst\lu.<;) pupoideus Dall, Williamson, 1892, U. S. National Museum, vol.

15. no. 898, ]>. 202. pi. XIX. fig. 2
Halistylus pupoideus (Carpenter), Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 825; Keen in Burch, 1946,

no. 57, p. 34; Woodrinc, BRA^TLETTE. and Kew, 1946, p. 61; Smith and Gordon, 1948,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4. vol. XXVI. no. 8. p. 201
Halistylus subpeidcus [sic] (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 32

"Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656] Listed from
Monterey. California.

". . . State Collection, no. 389

"F. t. Truncatellaefarmi. sed apire baud dccollato ; colore niaxime variante ; seu unicolori.
albido, cincreo, viridescente. rufofusco, seu splendidc rubro ; seu varie fusco maculato ; anfr.

GASTROPODA

143

nucl. iii. lacvibus, globosis, vertice mamillato; norm. v. rotundatis, fere acqualibus, plus
minusve solutis, suturis subimpressis ; tota superficie tenue spiraliter striata; striis in spira
majoribus, circ. viii. distantibus, minoribus creberrimis intercalantibus ; circa basim rotiui-
datam circ. x majoribus, contiguis, minoribus paucis; apertura circulari, peritremati continue,
solido, ad suturam parum callosam appresso; umbilico nullo.

"Long. 0.23, long. .spir. 0.16, lat. 0.09, div. 12°.

"Hab. Monterey, 20 fm. 45, dead. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866 a, p. 217]

There are two syntypes of this species in the U. S. National Museum, labeled from the
"Bay of Monterey Cooper type." The types are not in the Academy of Natural Sciences at
Philadelphia, as reported by Oldroyd and followed by Grant and Gale.

The whole surface of the shell is covered with fine spiral ribs with equal interspaces.
Between some of the spiral ribs there are microscopic spiral striae ; no umbilicus ; round en-
tire aperture with the margin thick and flaring below the umbilical area. Both specimens
measure 5.5 mm. height and 2 + mm. greatest diameter.

Although this species was briefly described in 1864, Carpenter gave full notes in 1866.
The type locality is definitely stated, and the types are available. Carpenter's name does not
seem to be a homonym of F. pupoidcs Adams, 1860, so it may be retained.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14824

Distrilmtion. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Panama
(Burch). Pleistocene (Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Genus Norrisia Bayle, 1880

Norrisia Bayle, 1880, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 28, p. 241 new name for Trochiscus Sowerby,
1838 not of Heyden, 1826 nor of Held, 1837 nor of Jakovlev, 1879, for references see
Neave 1939-1940

Type species by monotypy and original designation of Norrisia, Trochiscus norrisii Sowerby,
1838, Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, n.s. p. 97. Living. Monterey, California, to Cedros Island,
Lower California. Pleistocene. California and Mexico. Baily, 1935, West Coast Sliells
(Keep), p. 156, fig. 122; Abbott, 1954, pi. 18, fig. M

Norrisia norrisii (Sowerby)
Trochiscus coni'exus Carpenter

Trochiscus convexus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 138; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. XV, p. 180; Reprint, 1872, p. 282; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 25; Gabb, 1869, Paleontology California, vol. II, p. 85 juvenile
Trochiscus norrisii Sowerby; Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 62; Pilsbry,
1889, Alan. Conch., vol. XL p. 276 under Norrisia norrisi; Arnold, 1903, p. 331 following
Gabb; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 824

The synonymy is not intended to be for that of Norrisia norrisii (Sowerby). (See Grant

and Gale, 1931, p. 824)

"Small, subturritted, whorls [sic] swollen: umbilicus with 2 ribs, the outer crenated."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652, Trochiscus conz^cxus]

"T. testa parva, subelevata, purpureo-fusca, tenuiter sculpta ; anfr. nucl. ? sinistralibus,
vertice quasi decollate ; norm. IV., convexis, suturis impressis ; obtusissime bicarinatis,
striolis confertissimis, minimis, sub-obsoletis cinctis ; umbilico majore, costis duabus cincto,
quarum interior acuta, exterior rotundata, crenata ; apertura circulari. Long. .15, long. spir.
.06, lat. .15, div. 90°.

"Hab. Monterey {Jezvett).

"The nuclear whorls in this unique little shell and in the typical species appear sinistral,
as in Phoridae and Solariadae. The operculum also resembles that of Solarium rather than
of Trochus. The genus may prove to belong to the Proboscidifers, notwithstanding its
nacreous texture." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 180 Trochiscus convexus]

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type of T. convexus Carpenter). For Norrisia
norrisii, see Dall (1921, p. 174).

"Trochiscus Jewetti Carpenter" nomen nudum
There is in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum a specimen (no. 2359)
labelled "Trochiscus Jewetti Monterey Jewett type." The name is a nomen nudum. The speci-

144 MARINE ATOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

men measures 4 mm. heiglit and 5 mm. greatest diameter, dimensions which are slightly
larger than those given for T. convexns Carpenter but could qualify for the specimen of that
name. It corresponds somewhat to the description of T. convcxus. Because the name T.
jezvctti was never published by Carpenter an illustration of the type is not included herein.

Family Vitrineludae (Cyclostrematidae)
Genus Teinostoma H. and A. Adams, 1853

Tcinostoma H. and A. Adams, 1853, Genera of Recent Mollusca, vol. I, Aug., p. 122;
A. Adams, 1853, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXI, p. 183 (as new genus) ; Pilsbry
AND McGiNTY, 1945, Nautilus, vol. 59, no. 1, p. 1

Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1888, Ann. Soc. roy, malac. Belgique, t.
XXIII, ser.'4, t. Ill, p. 44; monotype A. Adams, 1853, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXI,
p. 183. Tinostonia =: [Tcinostoma] pnlitiDii A. Adams. Living. "Sancta Elena, 8 fathoms"
(A. Adams). H. and A. Adams, 1853, Genera of Recent Mollusca, vol. I, pi. 12, fig. 9;
Tryon, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X, pi. 34, figs. 46, 47

Subgenus Pseudorotella Fischer, 1857

PsciidorotcUa P. Fischer, 1857, Jour, de Conchyl., t. 6, p. 52

Type species by monotvpv, Rotella sciiii-striata d'Orbignv in Sagra, 1845, Hist, fis, polit.

nat. Isla de Cuba, Moluscos, t. V, p. 185; 1855, t. VIll, pi. XVIII, figs. 20-22. Recent.

West Indies.

Teinostoma (Pseudorotella) invallatum (Carpenter)
(Pi. 19, figs. 8, 9)

EfJialia supravallata ? var. invallata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 652, Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 138;
1866, Feb., California Acad. Sci.. Proc, vol. Ill, p. 215; Pilsbry, 1889, Alan. Conch., vol.
XI, p. 462

Ethalia invallata Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 25

Teinostoma invallata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 182; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 227;
Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1946, no. 58, p. 22 invallatum ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 203

Pseudorotella invallata (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 63

". . . Without keel." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652]

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of the Carpenter's de-
scription (1866a) to make that copy complete:

"Hab. San Diego, Shell-washings, Cooper.

"These shells would certainly have been regarded as distinct, but for one specimen which
began smoothly, yet after a fracture suddenly commenced a (not prominent) keel: an in-
structive lesson on variation in sculpture." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 215]

The holotype is still glued to the original Carpenter glass mount witli the original label,
"type S. Diego." The printed label has "Cooper" in addition.

The specimen is well preserved. It has microscopic radiating striations over the body
whorl.

Holotype.— U. S. National Aluseum no. 15574b

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Gulf of
California (Dall). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Teinostoma (Pseudorotella) supravallatum (Carpenter)

(PI. 19, figs. 6, 7)

Ethalia supravallata Carpenter, 1864h, p. 612, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 138; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 215; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 25 ; Pilsbry, 1889, Man. Conch., vol. XI, p. 462
Teinostoma supravallata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 182; Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1946,

no. 58, p. 21, supravallatum
Pseudorotella supravallata (Carpenter), Woodring, P.ramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 63

"Minute: with keel and furrow near suture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652]

"E. t. parva, albida, nitente, subdiaphana, planata ; anfr. nucl. ii ct dimidio, laevis, diaphanis,
norm, uno ct dimidio, rotundatis; postice carina valde extante, et fos.sa concava contigua

GASTROPODA

145

suturain tenus, supra spiram vix planatam ascendcnte, in medio basis rotundatae carina altera
plus minusve extante ; inter eas, circa peripheriam, lirulis radiantibus minimis baud expressis,
sub lente vix conspicuis ; regione umbilicari parum concavo ; apertura circulari ; labro a
carinis angulato ; columella, valde callosa, porrecta ; callositate pyriformi regionem umbilica-
rem circumambiente.

"Long. 0.03. long, spin 0. (?) lat. 0.45, div. 180°.

"Hah. San Diego, Cooper, sbell-washings.

"Typical among tlic Vitrinelloid Eihalxac described in Maz. Cat. nos. 310, 318. Remark-
able for the small number of turns in the mature shell as compared with the nucleus." [Car-
penter, 1866a, p. 215]

Apparently by an oversight this species was omitted from the text of Oldroyd's mono-
graph. It is listed (Oldroyd, 1947, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 7), and T. invallatiim is included. Since
T. invaUatiim was originally described as the "variety," T. supravaUatum would have priority
in the preservation of names if the two forms were united.

The holotype is glued on a Carpenter original glass mount with a Carpenter label marked
"type" and "San Diego." The printed label bears "Cooper" in addition. The specimen is well
preserved. The photographs of the holotypes reveal the differences in the columellar callus of
T. supravaUatum and T. invallatiim, the strongly carinated base of T. supravaUatum, and
the microscopic striations on the body whorl of T. invallatnm.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15574

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to the Gulf
of California (Dall). Pleistocene (^^'oodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Family Liotiidae
Genus Liotia Gray, 1847

Liotia Gray, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1847, p. 145

Type species by monotypy, Dclphinula canccllata Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, pt. 1,
p. 3, pi. 6. fig. 8. Recent. Arica to Coquimbo, Chile. Tryon, 1888. Man. Conch., vol. X,
pi. 36, fig. 2; Pilsbry, 1933, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 85, pi. 13, figs. 7, 7a,
7b ; text fig. 3

Liotia fenestrata Carpenter
(PI. 19, figs. 10, 11)

Liotia fenestrata Carpenter. 1864b. Aug., p. 612, 652: Reprint, 1872. p. 98. 138: 1864. Dec,
California Acad. Sci.. vol. III. p. 158 date published bottom p. 161, Dec. 1864; Cooper,
1867. Geog. Cat. Moll. Geol. Sur. California, p. 25 : Tryon, 1888. Man. Conch., vol. X,
p. 109, pi. 36, fig. 97 copv "Thes. Conch., t. 478. f. 23" ; [vol. V, 1884. p. 157] t. 478, f. 23" ;
Williamson, 1892. U. "S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol. 15. no. 898. p. 199: Dall, 1921, p. 173;
Oldrovd. 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 170: Pilsbry. 1934, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc,
vol. LXXXV. p. 375; Strong, 1934, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. VII. no. 37,
p. 435. pi. 28, figs. 10-12. L. cookeana Dall. pi. 30, figs. 7-9: Keen, 1937, p. 37: Burch,
1946. no. S7, p. 26 : Smith and Gordon. 1948, California Acad. Sci.. ser. 4, Proc, vol.
XXVI. p. 201 : Abbott, 1954. p. 122, pi. 18. fig. u
Liotia cookeana Dall, 1918, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. 31, p. 8; Oldroyd, 1927. vol.
II. pt. III. p. 171. pi. 91, figs. 12, 13, 13a not 15 as stated; Strong and Hanna, 1930,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. 19, p. 5 ; young of L. fenestrata fide Strong, 1934;
Keen. 1937. p. 37.

"Small. Strongly ribbed each way. Bch. — 40 fm. d.Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b. Aug.. p. 652]
The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's copy (1927) of Carpenter's description
(1864e, p. 158) :

". . . State Collection. Species 1006.
"Hab. Catalina Island ; beach to 40 fms. 20, dead.

"This strongly sculptured species varies greatly (in the two specimens sent to the Smith-
sonian Institution), in the declivity of the mouth and consequent size of the umbilicus, where
the labium is, as it were, scooped out." [Carpenter, 1864b, Dec, p. 158]

Strong discussed and illustrated this species well. L. fenestrata is similar in shell character
to the type species of the genus, L. canccllata (Gray) (Pilsbry, 1934, pi. 13, figs. 7, 7a. 7b).

The lectotype is a specimen in the U. S. National Museum. The label states, "Type fig'd."
The writer has not found the reference where the type was figured. Probably it was an in-
tention which was never fulfilled.

146 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED HV I'. P. CARPENTER

The lectotype (the second specimen mentioned by Carpenter has apparently been lost)
has six large spiral ribs on the body whorl. The apical whorls are flat. The spiral ribs are
crossed by equally large longitudinal ribs. The crossing of the two sets of ribs forms a large
rectangular sculptural pattern. The umbilicus is large, deep, and the margin has a coarse
rib. The shell was a dead specimen. Its occupant, a Iiermit crab, is still intact.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16283

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to San
Martin, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 63)

Genus Arene \\. and .\. Adams, 1854

Arenc H. and A. Adams, 1854, Genera Recent Mollusca, vol. I, p. 404

Type species by subsequent designation, Woodrixg, 1928, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub.

385. p. 422, Turbo crucntatu.'^ Mkrgeki.e von Mimilfeld. 1824, Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, verb.

1, pt. 4, p. 211. pi. VII [11. figs. 8a, 8b. Recent. West Indies. Pii.sbry, 1888, Man. Conch.,

vol. X, pi. 36. fig. 9; Dclphinula radiafa Kiener, 1838-1839,*^° Spec. gen. Icon, coq., vol. X,

Delphinula, pi. 4, fig. 9

Arene acuticostata Carpenter
(PL 19, figs. 12, 13)

Liotia acutico<;tata Carpenter. 1864b Aug., p. 612, 652; Reprint. 1872, p. 98, 138; 1864, Dec,
[date on bottom of p. 161], California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 159; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll, Geol. Sur. California, p. 25 ; Tryon, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X, p. 109,
pi. 36, fig. 1 ; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 199; Strong
AND Hanna. 1930, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4. vol. 19, p. 5, 19; Dall, 1921,
p. 173: Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, Pt. Ill, p. 170; Strong, 1934. San Diego Soc Nat. Hist.,
vol. VII, no. 2,7, p. 437, pi. 29, figs. 7, 8, 9, figs. 13, 14, 15 var. bristotae Baker; Keen, 1937,
p. 2,7

Arene acuticostata (Carpenter). Burch. 1946, no. 57, p. 26; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 201

"Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculpture. 10-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 652]

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's copy (1927) of Carpenter's description
(1864, p. 159):

"Long. 0.12, long. spir. 0.06, lat. 0.10, div. 95°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 10-20 fms. 4, alive; Monterey, 4 dead, dredged?

"This pretty little Cyclostomoid species is easily recognized by the sharp revolving keels,
and the absence of radiating sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 159]

On the lectotype there are seven large spiral ribs on the body whorl including the base
where the last spiral rib continues into the umbilicus. Microscopic longitudinal .striae cross
the spiral ribs on the spire. The illustrations in Strong of A. acuticostata bristolae are more
like those of the type of A. acuticostata than are the illustrations which Strong gave for
typical A. acuticostata.

The absence of radiating sculpture, which Carpenter noted, and the character upon which
Dall founded the subspecies radiata Dall (1918a, p. 8; Baker, 1927, p. 72; Strong, 1934,
p. 438, pi. 29, figs. 13-15) (= bristolae Baker) are probably not so important as those
authors believed. The radiating lines are fine and are seen on the type under the binoculars.
Their absence in some cases may be due to decortication.

The lectotype of A. acuticostata in the U. S. National Museum has a label, "type fig'd."
The writer has not found an illustration of the specimen previous to the ones herein. The
figure Tryon (1888, pi. 36, fig. 1) might be the shell, but the writer doubts that identity. The
explanation of the figure by Tryon (1888, pi. Z6, fig. 1) described the individual as "speci-
men," and the execution of the drawing of the sculpture of the shell is not true enough for
identification.

Since there were originally several sj-ntypes (4:4) it seems more appropriate to refer to
the remaining specimen as a lectotype than a holotype.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Mu.scum, no. 16282

«o Sherborn and Woodward (1901, p. 219)

GASTROPODA

147

Dtstribuf ion. —Recent Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Tres
Marias Islands, Mexico (Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 63)

Family Turbinidae
Genus Homalopoma Carpenter, 1864, Aug.

Hoiimlopoma Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 537, 588, 627, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 74, 113, 138.

Xew name for Lcptonvx Carpenter, 1864
Lcttonx.v Carpenter. 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 627. 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 113, 138; 1864. Dec,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 176 Adams partially included in authorship. Xot

Lcptonvx SwAiNSON, 1833; Gray. 1837, or Lesson, 1842 see Neave, (1939-1940)
Lcptothyra Dale, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 130 Carpenter ms. Not Leptothyra

Pease,1869, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 5, p. 70
Pctropoma Gabb, 1877, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., new species, vol. VIII, p. 281

fide PiLSBRY, 1893, Nautilus, vol. 7, p. 84
CoUonista Iredale, 1918, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 13, p. 28, 30 fide Wenz, 1938,

Hand. Palaozoologie, Bd. 6, Teil 2, p. 341
Type species bv monotypy, H. sangiiinaeiis (Linnaeus) ^= Turbo sangidnaeus Linnaeus,

1758, Syst. Naturae, p. 762>. Living. Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. Pilsbry, 1888, Man.

Conch., vol. X, p. 249, pi. 49, figs. 48, 49 ; pi. 64, figs. 60, 61

Although the monotype which Carpenter used when originating this generic name was a
misidentification his citation of Linnaeus' name confirms the Linnaean species as the type
species. Even though Carpenter probably had the West Coast form in mind there is not
conflict enough in regard to the generic name to warrant submission of the problem to the
International Commission on Zoological nomenclature.

Homalopoma baculum (Carpenter)
(PI. 19, figs. 14, 15)

Lcptonvx bacnla Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 612, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 138 Homalopoma,

p. 652; 1865, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 177; Pilsbry, 1888, Alan. Conch.,

vol. X, p. 248, pi. 39a, fig. 2,Z; D.\ll, 1921, p. 173; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.

Station, vol. 4, p. 170 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 167
Lcptothvra bacnla (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 25;

Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898. p. 199
Homalopoma bacula Carpenter, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 822 see for additional synonymy;

Keen, 1937, p. Z7 ; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper

207, p. 64
Homalopoma baculum (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 23; Smith and Gordon, 1948,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 200
Turbo paucicostatus "Ball, 1887" Sowerby, 1884, Thes. Conch., vol. 5, p. 229, pi. 13, fig. 172

not L. paucicostata Dall, 1871, Fide Pilsbry, 1888, and Grant and G-\le, 1931

"Small, ash}^ Helicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Bch. d. Cp. Genus Homalopoma, p. 537 :
nom. preoc." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652]

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's copy (1927) of Carpenter's description
(1865):

"Hab. Catalina Is., dead on beach ; Cooper, no. 1056.

"This unpretending little shell resembles on the back one of the small Helicinae. It differs
from L. sanguineus in its small size, ashy color, flattened sutures, and nearly obsolete sculp-
ture. A groove in the somewhat callous columella, continued slightly round the labrum, seems
intended for the broad-margined operculum of the genus." [Carpenter, 1864e, p. 177]

The holotype, in the U. S. National Museum, is labelled "type Catalina Is. Cooper." There
are the remains of a hermit crab within the shell. The shell is smooth with faint suggestions
of spiral lines on the penultimate whorl.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16284

Distribution.— Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Puget Sound to San :Martin
Island, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene (Arnold, 1903; Grant and Gale; Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew). Pliocene (Arnold, 1903; Berry 1908)

Homalopoma carpenteri (Pilsbry)

Leptonyx sanguinea ("Linnaeus") Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 627, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 98,
113, 138; 1864, Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 176. Not Turbo sanguineus
Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Natural, 10th ed., p. 763

148 MARINE ■MOLLT'SCA nESCRTRKn BY P. P. CARPENTER

Leptonyx sanguineus, var. purpurcum Carpenter, 1864, Dec, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

vol. Ill, p. 176
Hoiimlopoiiia sanguincum Carpknter, 1864b, p. 537, 588, 627, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 74,

113, 138
Leptothyra sanguinca (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geo!. Sur. California,

p. 25; Gabb, 1869, Pal. California, vol. II, p. 85; Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol.

VII, p. 130
Leptothyra carpcntcri Pii.sbry, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X. p. 247, pi. 39a, figs. 26-29; pi. 60;

fig. 66 new name for L. saiuiuincus Carpenter not Linnaeus; Pilsbry, 1890, Nautilus,

vol. 4, no. 3, p. 36; Wii.liam.son, 1892. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 15. no. 898, p. 199;

Arnold, 1903, p. 2,2?>\ Dau., 1921, p. 172; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 167; Baily,

West Coast Shells, Keep, 1935, p. 166, fig. 139
Leptonyx sanguineus [sic] "Linn.", Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 87, fig. 7i
Hovialopouia carpenteri (Pilsbry), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 821; Keen, 1947, p. Z7 ;

RuRCH, 1946, no. 57, p. 22; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,

Prof. Paper 207, p. 63 Pleistocene; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 200

Pilsbry renamed the Pacific Coast shells which Carpenter had identified as the Linnaean
species from the Mediterranean. Tiie original description dates from Pilsbry. Unfortunately
Pilsbry did not specify the locality of the specimens figured ; the type has not been separated.
The type is not at the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, as stated by Oldroyd and
followed by Grant and Gale. The specimens from which a lectotype could properly be chosen
is the material in the U. S. National Museum identified by Carpenter and studied by Pilsbry.
There are many lots including hundreds of shells in the U. S. National Museum collections
made by individuals since Carpenter's and Pilsbry's time. Those lots would not qualify for
lectotype material. There are five specimens, U. S. National Museum no. 15536, possibly a
type lot, labelled "Neeah Bay, W. T. J. G. Swan." The specimens are large and of the meas-
urements provided by Pilsbry (8 mm. X 8.9 mm.). No. 14813b is a dark form, measuring
5mm. X 5 mm., which could be the specimen mentioned by Pilsbry. There is also one speci-
men, U. S. National Museum, no. 6186, labelled "Monterey, Cooper, Taylor." These speci-
mens definitely meet the required labels of Carpenter's description. "i

By choosing a lectotype from lot no. 15536, the problem of the type locality would
also be settled. Until a lectotype is chosen there is no basis for the statement that the type
locality is "California." Carpenter's material came from Monterey, California, and Neah
Bay, Washington. Pilsbry's remarks stipulated only the range of the species from "Cape St.
Lucas, L. California to Vancouver Id.," without selecting a type locality.

Technically this is not a Carpenter specific name, and the writer prefers not to select a
lectotype at this time but leave the matter open to one who may study the species.

Type. — Lectotype to be selected

Distribution.— 'R&c&ni. Sitka Sound, Alaska, to San Martin Island, Lower California
(Burch). Pleistocene (Arnold; Chace and Chace ; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew) ; Mexico (Jordan). Pliocene (Berry)

Genus Turbo Linncaus, 1758

Subgenus Callopoma (iray, 1850

Turbo (Callopoma) fluctosus Wood

CaJtoponia ('furho) ? fluclatniu var. dcprcssum Carpenter
(PI. 16, fig. 6)

Turbo fluctuosus Wood, 1828, Index Test, suppl., pi. 6, fig. 44

Callopotna (Turbo) ? fluctuatum var. dcprcssum Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc London, Proc,

pt. XXIII, p. 234; Pilsbry, 1888, MaiL Conch., vol. X, p. 211 as Ttirbo {Callopoma)

fluctuosus depressus

"C. t. valde depressa, anfractibus V., quarum ultimus tumidus, sutura impressa; liris
spiralibus circiter XXX., quarum plerumque V. majores sunt, subrugosis ; viridi, punctis albis

'^'^"Ilab. . . . Monterev, Jei<.'ctt, Tavlor, Cooper. Neeah Bay, W. T., Swann." [Carpenter,
1864e, Dec, p. 176]

GASTROPODA

149

transversim in liris subirregulariter dispositis ; apcrtura ad basin posteriusaue producta ;
columella paulum excavata, non umbilicata.

"Long. 2.02, lat. 2.04, Ion. .spir. .78, poll. ; div. 110°.

"Hab. California. Mus Cuming.

"Syn. Turbo fluctiiatus, var., Rve. Conch. Ic. pi. VIII. f. 34.

"Among many hundred specimens e.xamined of the true C. fluctitatuin from the Mazatlan
Collection, there was not one approaching this shell. Nevertheless, as there is in the British
Museum a somewhat intermediate form, it may possibly be a variety of that species. The
operculum is unfortunately wanting in Mr. C.'s specimens : until that has been examined, the
point must remain in abeyance." [Carpenter, 1855, p. 234]

This form has not been noted in the California fauna since Carpenter described it except
by Pilsbry (1888) who suggested that possibly the reference in Reeve (1848) should have
been Figure 3c, of Plate IX.

The specimen figured is of the Carpenter type furnished by the British Museum (Natural
History). G. L. Wilkins sent to the writer the following notes which are the label with the
shell: "Callopoma? fluctuatum var. dcpressum. P.Z.S. Calif. Type. Mus. Cuming." It is a
Nuttall label.

Genus Astraea Roeding in Bolten, 1798

Astraca Roeding /;; Boltex, 1798, Mus. Boltenianum, pt. 2, p. 79

Type species by subsequent designation, Sutur, 1913, Man. New Zealand Moll., p. 166 ;
Trochus imperialis Gmelix, 1791, Syst. Nat., 13 ed., p. 3576; = Trochus hcJ'wtrophim
AIartyx, 1784, Univ. Conch., I, p. 30. Recent. New Zealand. Sutur, 1913, Man. New
Zealand Moll., pi. 41, fig. 1; Powell, 1946, The Shellfish of New Zealand, 2d ed., pi. 13,
fig. 7

Subgenus Pomaulax Gray in M. E. Gray, 1850

Pommdax Gray, J. E., in Gray, M. E., [dated 1859], issued 1850, Figures of Molluscous

Animals, vol. lY , p. 87
Type species by subsequent designation, Herrjiannsex, 1852, Indicies Gen. Malacoozorum,

Suppl., p. Ill, Trochus japoniciis Dunker, Philippi, 1845, (1844) Abbild. Beschrieb., I,

8, p. 187, pi. 5, fig. 1. Recent. Japan. Pilsbry, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X, pi. 58, figs. 63,

64; Hirase, 1936, Japanese Shells, pi. 74, fig. 11

The first type designation was Herrmannsen. His statement supersedes that of Cossmann,
1918,62 ^vho used the same species, T. japonicus Dunker.

P. nndosus [Wood] and P. inponicus [Dunker] are the two species included in the orig-
inal description.

Astraea (Pomaulax) undosa (Wood) young
(PI. 19, figs. 16, 17)

(? hnpcrator scrratus Carpenter)

Trochus undosus Wood, 1828, Index Test., Suppl., p. 16, pi. 5, fig. la Pilsbry, 1888, Man.

Conch., vol. X, p. 243, 289
? hnpcrator serratus Carpexter, 1864h, p. 612, 652; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 138

" ? inipcraior scrratus, ?? n.s. Monterey; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. [Dr. Cooper thinks this
shell probably the young of Pomaulax.]" [Carpenter, 1864b. p. 612]

". . . Small, finelv sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Planorboid : operc. flat, with more
whirls. 10-20 fm. = 266 or 267 jun. teste Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 652]

The holotype of the Carpenter name is in the U. S. National Museum, no. 11832. It has
the label, "Catalina Cooper." There is a note in Dall's handwriting = "Turbo flucfuosus
junior" with the specimen. The specimen is not the same nor is it related to that form of
the reference in Dall (1909, p. 238) to "Wood, Index Test., Suppl., 1828, pi. 6, fig. 44."
Carpenter, as well as Cooper, thought that the specimen might be the young of "Poniaulajv
undosiis Wood" or Pachypoma gibberosnm Chem. nos. 266 or 267 of Carpenter (1864b,
p. 652). This interpretation seems to be correct. The identity may be verified by comparing

62 Used by Woodring (1938, p. 22, footnote).

150 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

the illustrations herein (pi. 19, figs. 16, 17) with that of Pilsbry (pi. 58, fig. 70) of a

young specimen of P. undosus (Wood).

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11832 (Iinpcrafor serratus Carpenter)
Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type, /. serratus Carpenter) ; Mugu Lagoon,

California, to Cerros Island, Lower California (Burch)

Family Phasianellidae
Genus Phasianella Lamarck, 1804

Phasianella Lamarck, 1804, Am. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 4, p. 295

Type species by original designation, jaison'''^ — Buccinum ausfrale Gmf.lix, 1791, Syst. Nat.,
13th ed., p. 3490. See Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1884, Moll. Marins du
Roussillon, p. 336. Recent. Australia. Pilshry, 1888, Man. Conch., X, pi. 37, figs._ 22-28;
pi. 38, fig. 46 Phasianella bulimoidcs Lamarck, 1822 =^ Bnccinum australc Gmelin, 1791
see above. See subsequent type designation. Roissy (1805 (1806), p. 330) P. variegata
(Buccimim australis Gmcl'm) (Woodring, 1957)

Subgenus Eulithidium Pilsbry, 1898

Eulithidium Pilsbry, 1898, Man. Conch., vol. XVII, index, p. 319; 1898, Sept., Nautilus,
vol. XII, p. 60. New name for Eucosmia Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,
vol XIII, p. 475 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 214. Not Eucosmia Stephens, 1831 ; see Neave 1839-
40

Type species by subsequent designation for Eucosmia Carpenter, E. variegata Carpenter,
1864, June, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 475 by Pilsbry, 1888, Man. Conch.,
vol. X, p. 177 "type, E. variegata Carpenter." = Phasianella (E.) typica Dall, 1908,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XXXIV, no. 1610, p. 255 not Phasianella variegata Lamarck,
1822, Hist. Nat. An. sans vert., VII, p. 53. Recent. Magdalena Bay to Cape San Lucas,
Lower California. Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XVII, p. 194, 197.

Woodring (1928, p. 420) also designated E. variegata Carpenter as the type species of
Eulithidium. Pilsbry's designation (1888) is explicit and adequate. It is not modified by his
conception of the species which included "var." substriata Carpenter.

Phasianella {Eucosmia) variegata Carpenter, 1864, is a homynym of Phasianella varie-
gata Lamarck, 1822.

Phasianella (Eulithidium) rubrilineata Strong

Phasianella rubnlineata Carpenter, ms.. Museum label, California Acad. Sci., no. 3310,

Hemphill Coll., "types"
Phasianella typica Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, pi. 91, fig. 9 not of Dall
Phasianella {Eulithidium) rubrilineata Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,

vol. XVII, p. 197, pi. 10, figs. 8-10

Phasianella rubrolineata Carpenter is a nomcn nndiiin. According to Strong (1928) it
consists of the label on three specimens from Cape San Lucas in the Hemphill Collection in
the California Academy of Sciences. The name was validated by Strong who became its
author.

Phasianella (Eulithidium) substriata Carpenter
(PL 19, figs. 20, 21)

Phasianella {Eucosmia) (? variegata, var.) substriata Carpenter, 1864, June, Ann. IMag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 475 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 215 ; Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 618;

Reprint. 1872, p. 104
Phasianella {Eucosmia) variegata substriata Carpenter, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X, p. 177

®3 "J'ai donne a ce genre le nom de phasianelle d'apres cclui d'une coquille qui m'a fourni
I'occasion de I'etablir, et qui est connue sous Ic nom de faisan {phasianus)." [Lamarck, 1804,
P- 295]

Lamarck continued with a description of the living shell and ends the observations with
mention of two fossil species from Grignon which he described. There is no doubt that
Lamarck nifant tiie Recent shell (P. australis ((jmclin) to represent the genus. See also
Woodring (1928; 1957).

GASTROPODA

151

Pltasianella (Eulithidiuvi) substriata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 172; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.

II pt III, p. 163; Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XVII, no. 6,

p. 195, pi. 10, fig. II ; Keen, 1937, p. 44 ; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 19.
Tricolia substriata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 814 section Eulithidium
Not Eulithidium substriattiin Carpenter, Berry, 1907, Nautilus, vol. XXI, no. 4, p. 45 = P.

pulloidcs Carpenter fide Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,

vol. XXVI, p. 200

Oldroyd included a copy of the original description of this species (1927). Strong dis-
cussed this species in detail.

The holotype is on an original Carpenter glass mount with an original label, "type C.S.L."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11829

Distribution. — Recent. Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; J^Ionterey, California,
to Panama (Burch). Pleistocene Mexico (Jordan)

Phasianella (Eulithidium) typica Dall

[PhasiancUa] (Eucosmia) variegata Carpenter, 1864, June, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,

vol. XIII. p. 475; Reprint, 1872, p. 214; 1864b, Aug., p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104;

PiLSBRY, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X, p. 177. Not P. variegata Lamarck, 1822, Hist. Nat.

An. sans \'ert., VII p. 53
Phasianella (Eulithidium) typica Dall, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 34, no. 1610, p. 255

new name for P. variegata Carpenter
Phasianella {Eulithidium) typica Dall, Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,

vol. XVII, pp. 194, 197

As Strong (1928, p. 197) pointed out, the name P. typica was given by Dall to replace
the name P. variegata Carpenter. Therefore, the type of the species is that of Carpenter's
name and not a subsequent specimen. The types of P. variegata Carpenter (= P. typica Dall)
consist of three specimens from Cape San Lucas, U. S. National Museum no. 11836. The
specimen figured as type by Oldroyd (1927, pi. 91, fig. 9) does not meet the proper require-
ments.

P. typica Dall does not extend into the upper California area, so that details regarding
the species are not included herein.

Subgenus Tricolia Risso, 1826

Tricolia Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. princ prod. I'Europe IMerid., vol. 4, p. 122

Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc London, Proc, p. 144; Turbo

pullus Linn.\eus, 1758, Syst. Natur., p. 761; "Gmelin, 3856" s* [p. 3589] in Risso, 1826.

Recent. Mediterranean. Pilsbry, 1888, Man. Conch., vol., X, pi. 38, figs. 56-58 from

Reeve, 1862, Conch. Icon., vol. 13, Phasianella, pi. VI, fig. 20 a, b, c

"Phasianella (Tricolia) carpenteri" Dall

Eucosmia punctata Carpenter, 1864, June, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 3, vol. XIII, p. 475 ;

Reprint, 1872, p. 7; 1864b, Aug., p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104
Phasianella (Tricolia) compta punctata (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1888, Man. Conch., vol. X,

p. 173. Not Tricolia punctata Risso, 1826, Hist. nat. I'Europe merid., p. 123
Phasianella (Tricolia) carpenteri Dall, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 34, no. 1610, p. 255,

new name for P. punctata Carpenter not Risso
Phasianella (Tricola [sic]) pulloidcs (Carpenter), Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc.

ser. 4, vol. XVII, p. 192 in part

The type of this form has not been discovered. Type locality is Cape San Lucas ; hence
further discussion will be included in the work on the illustrated Carpenter types of that area.

Strong regarded the form as individual variations of P. pulloidcs, which would extend
the range to Puget Sound.

Phasianella (Tricolia) compta punctulata Carpenter
(PI. 18, figs. 5, 6)

Phasianella (? compta, vars.) punctulata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 651 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 23,
137; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 179; Reprint, 1872, p. 281

«* Reference to Serpularia

152 MARINE MOLLT'SCA nESCRTRED RV P. P. CARPENTER

Phasianella {Tricolia) coinpta (^unctiilata Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 171; Oldkoyd, 1927,

vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 162
Phasianella (Tricolia) pulloidcs Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XVII,

no. 6, p. 192 in part, pi. 10, fig. 5; Keen, 1937, p. 44; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 17

"[P. covtpta] : var. punctulata, witli close rows of dots; pillar chinked 8-20 fm. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 651]

The following corrections slioiild he made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's de-
scription (1865).

Read ".24" for "24" ; ".12" for "12" ; ".14" for "14" ; delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 50°.

"Hab. S. Diego (/rTir/0"— [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 179]

The type material consists of 11 specimens with a label, "Type San Diego Jewett." The
specimens are spotted or striped ; a few stripes are not broken up into spots, some are mottled.
There is a slight umbilical area.

The two type specimens of P. coiiipta Gould (1855, p. 25; 1856b, p. 333, pi. XI, figs. 25,
26) are in the National Museum. P. compta has the fine oblique brownish stripes.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11288

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type); San Diego, California, to Cape San Lucas,
Lower California (Dall)

Phasianella (Tricolia) pulloides Carpenter
(PI. 19, fig. 30)

Phasianella (? compta, var.) pulloidcs Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 651; Reprint, 1872, p. 23,
137; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 180; Reprint. 1872, p. 282; Cooper,
1867, Geog. Cat. Moll. Geol. Sur. California, p. 24, Pilsbry, 1888, !\Ian. Conch., vol. X,
p. 173, pi. 39. fig. 70

Phasianella pulloides Carpenter, Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 61 ; Packard,
1918. Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2. p. 310 copy description of P. compta
Gould in Pilsbry ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, p. 200

Phasianella (Tricolia) pulloides Carpenter, Dall.. 1921, p. 172 as pulloidea; Strong, 1923.
Nautilus, vol. 37, no. 43 pulloidea; Oldroyd. 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 162; Strong, 1928,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XVII, no. 6, p. 192 in part, pi. 10, fig. 7 "Tricola"
[sic] ; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 814; Keen, 1937, p. 44; Burch, 1945, no. 57, p. 17

Tricolia pulloidcs (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,
Prof. Paper 207, p. 64

"[P. compta] . . . ? Var. pulloides, exactly like Herm shells." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 651]
The following corrections should be made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's de-
scription (1865) :

Read .2 for 2; .1 for 1 ; .13 for 13; delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 55°.

"Ilab. Sta. P.arbara (Javett) ; Monterey. 20 fathoms (State Coll. no. 353). Smaller var.,
8-10 fathoms, Catalina Island (Cooper)."— [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 180]

The type material consists of 10 specimens, 9 whole and 1 fragment. They are pink or
rosy, mottled or uniform. The whorls of the spire have longitudinal rosy and white stripes.
There are large blotches on the body whorl which are finer on the base. There are also rosy
stripes on the body whorl. There is a slight narrow umbilical groove.

The following label accompanies the syntypes, "Sta. Barbara Jewett (Monterey Cooper)."

Strong (1928) discussed this species and included the forms punctulata, punctata, and
elatior.

Syntypes.— U. S. National Museum, no. 14814 (16285-16286)

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara. California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Low'er
California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Wilktt, 1937; Woodring. Bramlette, and Kew);
Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

GASTROPODA 153

Phasianella (Tricolia) puUoides elatior Carpenter
(PI. 19. fig. 31)

Phasianella (? compta, var.) elatior C.\kpentek, 1864b, p. 537, 651; Reprint, 1872, p. 3, 23,

137; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., .ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 180; Reprint, 1872, p. 282; Pilsbry,

1888, Man. Concli., vol. X, p. 173
Phasianella {Tricolia) pitlloidca elatior [sic in DallJ Carpenter, D-vll, 1921, p. 172; Oi-DROVD,

1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. \62 puUoides elatior
Phasianella (Tricola [sic]) puUoides Carj^nter, Strong, 1928, California Acad. Sci., ser. 3,

vol. XVII, no. 6, p. 192
Phasianella puUoides Carpenter, Keen, 1937, p. 43

"[P. eoinpfa] . . . ? var. elatior, dwarfed, longer and flatter: . . ." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 651]

The following corrections sliould be made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's de-
scription :

Read .19 for 19; read .12 for 12; read .11 for 11 ; delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 40°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jezvett).

"P. compta, with a large proportion of tlie small shells of the genus, is included under
P. piilhis in Mr. Reeve's monograph. In so dilTicult a tribe, it is judged better to name the
distinct forms, and those from separated localities, until more is known." — [Carpenter, 1865h,
p. 180]

The suite of this form, segregated with types in the U. S. X^ational J^Iuseum collections,
consists of seven specimens. They have a label, "Phasianella var. elatior Cpr. ex auctor Sta.
Barbara Jewett." The shells are slender, rosy, striped or with large spots. The stripes are
longitudinal, curved, and or spiral. The stripes on the body whorl are broadly zig-zagged
with a fluting along the midline which partly shows in the included photograph of the largest
specimen.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16287

Distribtttion. — Santa Barbara, California (Dall)

Family Lacunid.\e
Genus Lacuna Turton, 1827

Lacuna Turton, 1827, Zool. Jour., Ill, p. 190

Type species by subsequent designation, Gr.\y, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. pt. XV, p. 151,
Nerita pallidula da Costa, 1778, British Conch., p. 51, pi. IV, figs. 4, 5. Recent. Northern
Europe. Subspecies L. p. neritoidea Gould, 1840, Greenland to Connecticut. Trvon, 1887,
Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi. 50, figs. 53, 53a; pi. 50, fig. 54 L. neritoidea

LACUNA CARINATA Gould

Lacuna carinafa Gould, 1849, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 75; 1862, "Expedi-
tion Shells," Otia Conch., p. 52;''^' 1852, U. S. Expl. Exped., Moll., vol. XII, p. 194;
Atlas, 1856, figs. 231, 231a, 231b, not 230 as in Gould, p. 195; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch.,
vol. IX, pi. 50, figs. 71, 72 under L. divaricatus ; Woodrixg in Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 13,
2>7 including L. porrecta Carpenter ; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. (jeol.
Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 65 includes L. porrecta; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196 including L. porrecta.

Modelia striata Gabb, 1861, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 13, p. 368 fide Carpen-
ter, 1864b, p. 632, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 118. 142; 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,
vol. XIV, p. 249; Reprint, 1872, p. 240; fide Woodrixg, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S.
Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 65, Pleistocene. Santa Barbara.

Lacuna solidula carinata Gould, Strong, 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17 including L.
com pacta Carpenter

Lacuna divaricata carinata Gould, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 782 includes L. conipacta Car-
penter

""' Table of correct dates of Gould's publications in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., II and
III, see Otia Conch., p. 100. "Exped. Shells" is dated 1846, which causes confusion and is
quoted incorrectly by authors. The dates range from 1846 to 1850, depending on the volume
and page.

154 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBEn BY P. P. CARPENTER

Because of the variability of the Lacunae as manifested in a small way by the examples
of the Carpenter type material and the complexity of the names involved in the L. divaricata-
solidula — carinata — porrecta and variations — compacta problem, the writer has analyzed each
Carpenter name and data separately. The reasonable suggestion that L. porrecta and varia-
tions may fall under L. carinata Gould led the writer to use the comprehensive heading of
L. carinata for the group. Because there seemed to be considerable confusion in the Gould
dates and references of L. carinata, the above list has been included.

Lacuna porrecta Carix;ntcr
(PI. 19, figs. 18, 19)

Lacuna porrecta Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 428; Reprint, 1872, p. 240; Tryon, 1887, Man.
Conch., vol. IX, p. 265, pi. 50, fig. 55 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Califor-
nia, p. 29; Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64; Keep, 1887, West Coast
Shells, p. 66; Arnold, 1903, p. 303; Jord.\n, 1920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 58, no.
2325, p. 3; Ball, 1921, p. 154, pi. 14, fig. 2 lectotype; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 149; Strong, 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17; Oldroyd, 1927,
vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 64, pt. II, pi. 32, fig. 9 same as Dall, 1921; Grant and Gale, 1931,
p. 783 ; Keen, 1937, p. 2,7

Lacuna carinata Gould, Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 13, 2>7 L. porrecta placed in synonymy on
authority of Woodring ; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof.
Paper 207, p. 65; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, no. 8, p. 196

"Upper whirls flattened, efifuse anteriorly; chink large." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]
The dimensions in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description (1865) should be
corrected as follows :

For 52 read .52 ; for 2 read .2 ; for 4 read .4 ; delete "poll."

The following lines should be added to make the description complete.

'•. . . div. 80°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay {Swan).

"The form L. exaequata is intermediate between the very different /-. porrecta and L.
effusa. The Lacunae vary so much (fide Forbes and Hanley in loco) that, even with a large
multitude of specimens, it is not easy to state what constitutes a species." [Carpenter, 1864d,
p. 428 1

The type material consists of 10 specimens of different ages. One of the specimens selected
to figure herein is intermediate in age and best shows the white bands. The other specimens
were more worn. Dall figured a larger specimen. Since he considered or designated the
specimen as type in 1921, that specimen will be designated the lectotype.

The label, which is not original, is, "Type Neeah Bay Wash. J. G. .Swan." The shells
are thin and umbilicatc.

The drawing in Dall (1921) seems to exaggerate the carination of the body whorl and
umbilical channel more than a photograph does.

One doubts the propriety of maintaining the subspecies as named by Carpenter in a group
such as Lacuna. They are enumerated separately in this paper so that the type data are
readily accessible. Their headings are italicized to differentiate from the rank of recognized
species.

Types. — Lectotype and syntypes, U. S. National Museum, no. 15549b

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Commander Islands, Bering Sea,
southward and eastward to San Diego, California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (? Arnold;
Grant and Gale)

Lacuna porrecta exaequata Carpenter
(PI. 19, figs. 22, 23)

Lacuna porrecta exaequata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1864.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV. p. 428; Reprint. 1872, p. 240; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29; Tryon. 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 266, pi. 50,
fig. 57; Dall, 1921. p. 154; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4,

GASTROPODA

155

p. ISO; Strong, 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 64;
Keen, 1937, p. Zl

". . . same shape but flattened." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 6561

"Testa L. effusae simili sed anfr. planatis, suturis parum impressis. Long. .5, long. spir.
.2, lat. .42, div. 80°." [Carpenter, 1864h, p. 428]

The dimensions as given by Oldroyd (1927) should be corrected to read as above.

The habitat and last paragraph of comparisons in the description (1864h) of the species
applies also to this form.

The type material consists of 6 specimens of different ages. The label reads "Xeeah Bay
Swan." All the specimens are worn. A photograph of the largest with the spire more elevated
is included herein.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15532

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

Lacuna porrccta cffusa (Carpenter)
(PI. 19, figs. 24, 25)

Lacuna porrccta cffusa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1864, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 428; Reprint, 1872, p. 240; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

West Coast Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29 ; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 266.

pi. SO, fig. 56; Dall, 1921, p. 154; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol.

4, p. 150; Strong, 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p.

64 ; Keen, 1937, p. 2,7.
Lacuna carinata cffusa Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 14

"Larger, taller, more swollen." [Than porrccta.] [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]
Oldroyd (1927) included a copy of Carpenter's (1864) description. The following cor-
rections in her measurements should be made :

For 65 read .65 ; for 25 read .25 ; for 42 read .5 ; delete "poll ;" add "div. 60°."

The final habitat and final remarks furnished herein under L. porrccta include this form
as well.

The type material consists of 13 specimens of various ages. Some show wide bands. The
spire is rufous, and the body whorl is lighter. Such color characteristics are also seen in the
specimens of L. porrccta and the form L. exacquata. The largest specimen of the group in
which the spire is the most elevated is figured herein. The label is, "Type Neeah Bay J. G.
Swan."

Syntypcs. — U. S. N'ational Museum, no. 15533

Distribution.- — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, to
San Francisco, California (Dall)

Lacuna porrccta putcloidcs Dall

Lacuna porrccta putcloidcs (Carpenter ms.) Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 56,
no. 2295, p. 349; Dall, 1921, p. 154; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 65

This name was an unpublished one of Carpenter and became valid on the publication of
Dall, 1919. Therefore, Dall only is the author of the name.

Lacuna solidula compacta Carpenter
(PI. 18, figs. 3, 4)

Lacwia (? solidula, var.) compacta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628; Reprint, 1872, p. 114; 1864,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 428; Reprint, 1872, p. 240; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29
Lacmm compacta Carpenter, Arnold, 1903, p. 302; Jordan, 1920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,

vol. 58, no. 2325, p. 3
Not Lacuna compacta Carpenter, Arnold, 1907, U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. no. 321. pi. XI, fig. 2
Lacuna divaricata Tryon [not Fabricius], 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 266 in part; Dall,
1921, p. 154 in part: ? Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 150^'
part'; ? Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 66 in part y\\^

Lacuna solidula carinata Gould, Strong, 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17 /c\^y^ ^ H ^\

Lacuna divaricata carinata Gould, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 782 in part A^/cy^'^ ■<^<^

foo

[Uj t LIBRARY

156 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"L. testa L. solidulae, var., simili ; parva, solida, compacta, angusta, subturrita, marginibus,
spirae excurvatis : aurantiaca, interdum pallidiore zonata ; aiifr. subplanatis, suturis distinctis ;
tota superficic confertissime spiraliter striolata ; basi valde angulata, subplanata spir. .1, lat.
.17, div. 60°

"\'ariat testa eloiigata : variat (pioque columella noriiialitcr lacunata.

"Hah. Nceah Bay {Szvan).

"Possibly an extreme form of tbe very variable /-. soUdnIa, Lev. (=L. carinata, Gld., non
A. Ad., = Modelia striata, (Gabb), yet distinct in all ages. The young shells resemble
small Litorinae." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 428]

The type material consists of nine specimens labelled "Type Neeah Bay Swan." The body
whorl of the shells has a sharp basal margin. The umbilicus is long ; it has a sharp margin
above and flares below. The surface is smooth with faint microscopic striae in some places.
The largest specimen is figured herein.

In comparing the illustrations of the various types of the Carpenter named forms the
dimensions of each should be borne in mind. The photograph of L. compacta is enlarged to
greater magnification than the others, which are larger in actual measurements.

L. compacta has the whorls carinated stronger than any of the other Carpenter Lacunae
shells, as well as the illustrations of L. carinata Gould or L. solidula Loven.

/.. compacta has been included under L. divaricata (Fabricius) ^^ by Tryon, probably
by Dall and Oldroyd, as synonymous with L. solidula carinata Gould by Strong, and L.
divaricata carinata Gould by Grant and Gale. Carpenter regarded L. solidula Loven and L.
carinata as synonymous as did Dall (1925, p. 18, PI. 34, fig. 2, L. solidula Loven). Grant and
Gale maintained each as a distinct subspecies. Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew (1948) believed
L. porrecta and L. carinata equal.

L. divaricatus (Fabricius) cannot be used. According to English writers it is equivalent
to L. vincta Montagu.

Dimensions. — Syntypes : heiglit 6 mm., greatest diameter 4 mm. (largest) ; height 2 mm.;
greatest diameter 2 mm.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15530b

Distribution. — Neali Bay, Washington (type)

Lacuna unifasciata Carpenter
(PI. 19, figs. 26, 27)

? Lacuna unifasciata Cakpenter in Gould and Carpenter. 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,
p. 205; 1857. Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 228, 230. 327; 1860, Smith Misc. Coll.,
vol. 2, art. 6. p. 4; Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537. 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 142; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29; Keep. 1887. West Coast Shells, p. 67, fig.
51: Tryon. 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 267, pi. 50, 63, 74; not 63-74 as in text,«7
section Ephcria: Williamson. 1892, V. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 15. no. 898, p. 205:
Orci'tt, 1915. Moll. World, p. 20; Dau., 1921. p. 154; Strong, 1923. Nautilus, vol. Z7,
no. 2. p. 42; 1924, Nautilus, vol. 38. no. 1, p. 17, 18; Dall, 1925, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 66. no. 2554, p. 18, pi. 31. fig. 4; Oldroyd. 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 67; Grant and
Gale, 1931, p. 783; Keen, 1937, p. 2,7 \ Bttrcii. 1945, no. 55, p. 15; Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew, 1946. U. S. Gcol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 64 including L. u. aurantiaca ;
Smith and Gordon, 1948, California .Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196; Abbott,
1954, p. 131, fig. 36b same fig. as Dall, 1925

Oldroyd included a copy r)f the original description of this species (1927). The measure-
ments as she copied them should be corrected as follows :

For 23 read .23; for 11 read .11 ; for 15 read .15; add "alt. 45°;" delete "poll."
The following lines should be added :

"Hah. Sta. Barbara {Col. Jczvctt). Mus. Gould.

^^ Fabricius (1780, p. 392). Not Trochus divaricatus Linnaeus fide Loven {in Forbes
and Ilanley, 1851, p. 62) =1. vincta Montagu, 1803, p. 307, Suppl., 1808, pi. XX, fig. 3. See
Harmer, 1921, p. 668.

^■^ Typographical error of hyi)hcn for comma in figure numbers may cause confusion unless
rectified by comjKiring with plate explanation.

GASTROPOnA 157

"This shell has the shape of Littorina angitlifera, the general aspect of the small Phast-
anellac, and the chink of I.actina. Its operculum is unknown, all the specimens in Mus.
Gould being dead." — [Carpenter, l(S56d, p. 2()5J

See "var." aurantiaca for Carpenter's remarks (1864).

The type material consists of five specimens labelled "Cotypes Jevvett Sta. Barbara." One
of the specimens has a rough surface and an operculum. This individual is not consistent with
Carpenter's original description, as he stated tliat the operculum was unknown. Woodring
made the same observation and inserted a pencil note to the same effect with the type lot.

The specimen figured herein has a Iirown line just below and at the suture and continues
on the body whorl along the same spiral line (carina). The carina is sharp. All of the other
three .syntypes are keeled but they do not have the color band. All the specimens are umbili-
cate.

Syiityprs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16257''^ (four specimens).

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Alag-
dalena Bay, Lxiwer California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Waterfall,
1929; Stephens, 1929; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Lacuna unifasciata aurantiaca Carpenter

Lacuna iinijasciafa aurantiaca CARf'F,NTf:K, 1864b, p. 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 142 spelled anrantia
in index p. 61 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29; Tryon, 1887,
Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 267 section Epheria; Dall, 1921, p. 154; Strong, 1924, Nautilus,
vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17, 18; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 67; Grant and Gale, 1931,
p. 783; Keen, 1937, p. Z7 ; Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 15

"Lacuna imifasciata, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with a coloured
keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. aurantiaca, keel obsolete, resembling the chinked
Phasianellae. 8-10 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

The type has not been found. The type locality may be Santa Barbara, Farallon Islands,
or the region between San Diego and San Pedro, as enumerated by Carpenter (1864b) for
the species. Carpenter was definite as to the character for separation of the subspecies. How-
ever, such a feature is not always consistent.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. Type locality not differentiated; Santa Barbara, California, to
Point Abreojos, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Grant
and Gale)

Lacuna variegata Carpenter
(PI. 19, figs. 28, 29)

Lacuna variegata Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1864, p. 114, 142; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 428; Reprint, 1872, p. 240; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64; Tryon,
1887, Man Conch., vol. IX, p. 266, pi. 50, not fig. 58;e» Dall, 1921, questioned fig. 64 ?
section Epheria; Dall, 1921, p. 154; Oldroyd, 1924, March, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.
Station, vol. 4, p. 150; Strong, 1924, July, Nautilus, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 18; Oldroyd, 1927,
vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 66; Keen, 1937, p. 37; Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 14; Woodring, Bram-
lette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 65; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196

"Not common; resembles the Japanese L. decorata." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628]

"Very tall, effuse, irregular with wide chink : clouded or with zigzag stripes : like decorata,
A. Ad." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

Oldroyd (1927) supplied a copy of Carpenter's description (1864d). Tiic measurements
in that copy should be corrected as follows :

For 3 read .3; for 16 read .16; for 17 read .17; delete "poll."

The following lines should be added to make tliat coj^y comjilete :

". . . Div. 50°.

"Hob. Neeah Bay {Sivan).

GSDall (1919, p. 349) gave 60675 as the U. S. National Museum number. No. 60675 is
not the type. Specimen 60675 is labelled, "Typical; figured," fide H. A. Rehder (Sept. 19,
1950, personal communication.)

«9 Tryon, pi. 50, fig. 58 = L. marmoraia Dall (1919) p. 348 fide Dall (1921, p. 154)

158 MARINE MOLLTTSCA nESCRIBRD BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Painted like L. dccorala. A. Ad., which differs in having a normal growth, with very
slight chink." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 428]

The type material of this species consists of 23 specimens, which vary in size. They have
a label, "Swan Neeah Bay." Although Carpenter described the umbilicus as wide, that char-
acter varies in extent among the syntypes. !Most have a large umbilicus with a sharp margin,
but on one specimen the umbilicus is closed. The umbilicus is not consistent with age, for its
size varies on individuals of similar age or size. The spire is elevated and twisted. The young
specimens have a shorter and blunter spire. Two of the syntypes are figured herein. Both
of those specimens are umbilicate (widely sunken). The photo of the apertural view does not
shov/ this well.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15531

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington, to Santa
Monica, California (Keen). Pleistocene. California ? Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Family Littorixid.\e
Genus Littorina Ferussac, 1822

Littorina Ferussac, 1822, Tableau systematique des animaux, Mollusques, p. XXXIV "Lit-
torine" ; see Winckworth, 1922, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 15, p. 95 and Be-
QUAERT, 1943, Johnsonia, no. 7, p. 1

Type species by subsequent designation, De Blainville, 1828, Diet. Sci. Nat., 56, p. 98,
Turbo littorcus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat, p. 761. Recent. Western Europe. West
Atlantic from Labrador to southern New Jersey. Bequaert, 1943, Johnsonia, p. 3, pi. 1,
figs. 1-11

Subgenus Algamorda Dall, 1918

Algamorda Dalx, 1918, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. 31, p. 137 as a section of Littorina

"typified by T. littoralis."
Type species by original designation, L. nezvcombiana (Hemphill), 1876, California Acad.

Sci., Proc, vol. 7, p. 49. Recent. California. Dall, 1921, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 112, pi. 5,

fig. 5

"Littorina (? Algamorda) castanea" Carpenter
(PI. 18, figs. 7, 8)

Not ? PaUidincUa castanea M5ller in Middendorff, 1849, p. 47, no. 3, pi. 10, figs. 11-15 fide
Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 215 Ochotsk, Lapland

? Paludinella castanea Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 429; Re-
print, 1872, p. 241 described as new

Cf. Paludinella ? Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29

Littorina (? Alqamorda) castanea Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 153; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt.
Ill, p. 63; BuRcn, 1945, no. 55, p. 13

Littorina "castanea" [Carpenter], Keen. 1937, p. 38

Not Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843, Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert., 2d ed., t. 9, p. 206

Not Littorina castanea Adams and Reeve, 1848, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll., p. 49, pi. XI,
fig. 8

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of tlie original description
of this species.

"Llab. Neeah Bay; one specimen among Lacunae (Swan).

"May be an aberrant Assiminca." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 28 1

The holotype has a thin brown horny operculum. There are microscopic widely spaced
spiral lines over the body whorl faintly seen on the photograph. Color brown, body whorl
lighter.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16290

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

Joshua Baily pointed out to me that he is not sure that tiiis species belongs to Littorina.
If it does it requires a new name, because the specific name Littorina castanea is preoccupied
(see synonymy). If it is not a Littorina, the species need not be renamed unless the name is
preoccupied in the genus in which it is reclassified. The species should not be renamed until
the generic position is verified.

GASTROPODA

159

Littorina (Algamorda) subrotundata (Carpenter)
(PI. 18, figs. 1, 2)

fAssiminca subrotundata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 429; Reprint, 1872, p. 241; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29
Assinnnia subrotundata Carpenter, Taylor, 1895, Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans., ser. 2, vol. I,

sec. IV, p. 81
Littorina {? Alaamorda) subrotundata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 153; Oldroyd, 1927,

vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 63; BuRCH, 1945, no. 55. p. 13
Littorina subrotunda [Carpenter], Keen, 1937, p. 38

"Like a very thin Litorina: ashen, plain." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). However, the meas-
urements as copied by her should be corrected as follows :

For "28" read ".28" for 13 read ".13"; for 2 read .2; delete "poll."
The following lines should be added to make that copy complete :

". . . div. 65°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen among Lacunae {Szvan').

"May prove to be a large Hydrobia." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 28]

The holotype is broken and worn (pi. 18, figs. 1, 2). The spire is pointed and elevated.
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15586
Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

Subgenus Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
(Mclaraplic of authors)

Melarhaphe Menke, 1828, Synopsis Meth. Moll., p. 23; fide Bequaert, 1943, Johnsonia,
[vol. 1], no. 7, p. 2

Type species by monotypy, M. glabrata — Turbo neritoides Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.,
ed. X, p. 761; fide Bequaert, 1943, Johnsonia, [vol. 1], p. 2. Recent. Southern Europe;
Madeira. Maxwell Smith, 1940, World-wide Sea Shells, p. 29, fig. 409

Littorina (Melarhaphe) scutulata pullata Carpenter

Litorina [sic] pullata Carpenter, 1864, June, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 477;

Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, Aug.. p. 546, 618; Reprint. 1872. p. 32, 104
Littorina scutulata Gould, Trvon. 1887. Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 250 in part, pi. 45. fig. 3
Littorina (Mclaraphe) pullata Carpenter, Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 199
Littorina {Melarhaphe) scutulata pullata Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 10, 12

This species was described from Cape San Lucas but is recorded by Burch as ranging to
Monterey, California

Family Rissoidae
Genus Amphithalamus Carpenter. 1864
Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 614, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 100, 142; 1866. California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 218; Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, p. 263
Type species by original designation, A. inclusus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 614, 656. Recent.
Catalina Island to San Diego, California. Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41,
p. 264, fig. 2

Scrobs Watson (1866, p. 612), applied to Australian and New Zealand species, has been
regarded by some authors (Tryon, 1887, Bartsch, 1911, Suter, 1913) as synonymous with
Amphithalamus. Both genera may have the unusual shelly reinforcement of the aperture in
the parietal and columellar area, but that feature is not constant in either. Iredale (1915, p.
448, 449) maintained the distinctness of the two genera, and Powell (1927, p. 545) aptly
pointed out that

"the resemblance of the Austral shells to Amphithalamus is merely superficial, prejudiced
by the presence of a depression separating aperture from body-whorl. In nuclear characters
Scrobs is quite unlike Amphithalamus, this latter genus having protoconch sculptured with

160 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBKD BY P. P. CARPENTER

about fifteen slender spiral threads crossed by numerous very fine axial threads, giving the
surface a minutely pitted appearance, while in Scrobs the nuclear sculpture is in the form of
numerous very fine stippled lines."

A. tenuis (Rartsch (1911, p. 264, Fig. 3) is anotlicr Californian Recent species of the
genus. "A." lacunatus Carpenter is not congeneric.

Amphithalamus inclusus Carpenter

Amfhithahmns inclusus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 614, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 100, 142;

1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, ]>. 181; Rei)rint, 1872, p. 283; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll, Gcol. Sur. California, p. 30 Baktscii, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.

41, no. 1854, p. 264. fig. 2 Icctotvpc; Dale. 1921, p. 158; Strong, 1923, Nautilus, vol.

XXXVII, no. 2, I). 43; Oedrovd, 1927, vol. IT, pt. Ill, p. 84; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Bukcii,

1945. no. 55. p. 26
Rissoia ijiclusa (Carpenter), Tkvon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 317, 340 section

Aitiphithalamus

"Habit of minute Ncnmtura: labrum not contracted, but labium in adult travels forward
to meet it, leaving a cliamber behind. Nucleus cancellated : base bluntly ribbed." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 656]

Tlie following lines should be changed in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1866) :

Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . 60»

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (J curt!) ; S. Diego (Cooper)."

"This very remarkable little shell bears the same relation to Rissoa that Stoastoina does to
Hclicina. The peritremc resembles a figure 6 inverted, as on the face of the type. In the dis-
proportionate size of the nuclear whorls it resembles VitrincUa". [Carpenter, 186Sh, p. 181]

One of the syntypes [three (Bartsch)] is in the original Carpenter vial with the original
Carpenter label in white ink on glass, "type S. Diego Cooper." Apparently this is the speci-
men which Bartsch figured. He presented a full description of the shell.
Dimensions. — Length 1.4 mm.; diameter 0.9 mm. (Bartsch)
Syntypes.— \3. S. National Museum, no. 15573; lectotype, no. 15573X

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; San Pedro and Catalina Island,
California, to Gulf of California (Burch) ; San Martin Island, Mexico (Baker, 1902).
Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kcw, 1946)

"Amphithalamus" lacunatus Carpenter
? Anipliithalainus lacunatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 143; 1866,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 218; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 30; Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, no. 1854, p. 263, fig. 1

type; Dall, 1921, p. 158; Oedroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 85; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burch,

1945, no. 55, p. 26
Rissoia lacunata (Carpenter), Tuvox, 1887, Man. Condi., vol. IX, p. 340

"Same nucleus [as A. inclusus] : base chinked, not keeled. (Adult not found.)" [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 657]

The following lines should be added to tlic coi)y of Carpenter's descrii>tion (1866) as
published by Oldroyd (l')27) :

'\ . . div. 50°.

"Hab. San Pedro. Cooper.

"Two dead specimens in the shell-washings of Dr. Palmer's consignment to the Smith-
sonian Institute might have been passed over as the young of Barleeia subtcmiis. but for the
possession of exactly the .same remarkable nucleus as A. inclusus. It is presumed, therefore,
that they are congeneric; if so, the adult has not been seen." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 218]

The holotype is preserved in the original Carpenter vial, on the glass with a label in
Carpenter's handwriting, "type Calif. Cooper."

Bartsch figured the holotype and described the slull characters in detail.

HASTROrODA 161

As Woodring pointed out (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 65) this species is
not typical of Amphithalamus. It lacks the peculiar double peristome with a detached area
from the columellar and parietal wall and the basal cord of that genus.
Holotypc. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15564

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; San Pedro, to San Diego, Cali-
fornia (Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946)

Genus Alvania (Leach) Risso, 1826

Alvania Leach in Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. de I'Europe Meridionale, t. IV, p. 140
Type species by subsequent designation, Bvcquoy, D.mjtzenberg, and Dollfus, 1884, Moll.
Marins du Roussilon, vol. I, fasc. 7, p. 282; Rissoa cimcx (Linnaeus) = Turbo cimex
Linnaeus, 1758, p. 761 =: ~^A. freminviUca Risso, A. curopea Risso, A. nnunmillata,
Risso [species in Risso] ; Gordon, 1939, Nautilus, vol. 53, p. 29, type designation,
Ah'ania jrcniimnllca Risso, 1826, Llist. Nat. de I'Europe Merid., t. 1\^ = Turbo
ciiucx Linnaeus. Recent. Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. Upper Pliocene and
Pleistocene. Italy and Sicily. Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi. 65, figs. 11, 12;
BucQUOY, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1884, pi. XXXIII (not XXXIV), f^gs. 10-12

Alvania acutelirata (Carpenter)
(Pi. 22, fig. 14)

Rissoa acutelirata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 142; 1866, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 217; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur California,
p. 30; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 65; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. 9, p. 361,
pi. 66, fig. 41 acutilirata; Arnold, 1903, p. 305, pi. IV, fig. 12 Pleistocene

Alvania acutilirata (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, no. 1863,
p. 352. pi. 31. fig. 3 not tvpe ; 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 52, no. 2193, p. 679; Dale. 1921,
p. 159; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 101, pi. 82, fig. 3 same as Bartsch, pi. 31, fig. 3;
Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 768; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 201; Keen,
1937. p. 29 ; Burch. 1946, no. 55, p. 30

Alvania acutelirata (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 34; Woodring, Bramlette, and
Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 65 Pleistocene ; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197

"Alvanoid : 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete
in front." [Carpenter, 1864 b, p. 656]

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1866) :

;'Long. 0.09, long. spir. 0.05, lat. 0.05. div. 35°.

"Hab. S. Diego; 1 sp. and fragment in shell-washings. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 217]

Bartsch described the shell characters in detail and figured a specimen which in the ex-
planation of the plate is designated as the "type." But the text does not refer to the specimen
figured as the type. The specimen in the U. S. National Museum in the Carpenter type col-
lection is labelled "San Diego B. Drift Kelsey." This specimen could not be an original type.
Woodring (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 65) also noted that the type is not in
the U. S. National Museum.

Fortunately the holotype is in the University of California. Durham kindly furnished the
measurements and a photograph of the specimen which is included herein.

Holotype. — Museum of Paleontology, University of California, no. 15572

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California, south to San
Martin Island, Lower California (Burch). Pliocene. California (Berry, 1908; Waterfall,
1929; Grant and Gale). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Waterfall, 1929; Woodring, Bram-
lette, and Kew, 1946)

Alvania aequisculpta Keep, 1887

Ah'ania aequisculpta Carpenter in Keep (1887, p. 65) is a nomcn nudum as far as Carpenter
is concerned. The description dates from 1887 with Keep as author. (Bartsch, 1911, p. 358.
pi. 32, fig. 7 paratype, U. S. National Museum, no. 219564 fide Bartsch.)

Baker (1902. p. 41) used the nude name of Carpenter in a triple capacity, as Rissoa,
Rissoina, and Alvania. This adds two nomina nuda to the list.

''oFide Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus (1884, p. 283)

162 MARINE MOLLUSC A nESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Alvania carpenter! (W'einkauff)

Alvania reticulata Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1864, Dec,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, -vol. XI\', p. 429; Reprint, 1872, p. 241; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 30

Not Turbo [= Alvama\ rcticulaius Montagu, 1803, Tcstacea Britannica, vol. II, p. 322;
1808, Suppl., pi. 21, fig. 1

Rissoa carpcntcri Weinkauff, 1885, Conch. Cab., ed 2, p. 192 new name for Alvania
reticulata Carpenter, 1864; Tuyon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. 9, p. 365

Alvania carpcntcri (Weinkauff), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, no. 1863,
p. 341, pi. 29, fig. 8; Dali., 1921, p. 158; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station,
vol. 4, p. 153; 1927, vol. II, pt. HI, p. 91, pi. 80, fig. 8 same as Bartsch, pi. 29, fig. 8;
Keen, 1937, p. 29; Smith, M., Panamic Marine Shells, 1944, p. 16, fig. 181A same as
Bartsch pi. 29, fig. 8; Burch, 1945, no. 55; p. 30, Zi; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197
"Open network : radiating threads travelling over 12 stronger distant spiral threads."

[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

The following corrections and additions should be made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of
Carpenter's description (1864d) :

Line 6, read "cxsculpta" for "exculpta."

Line 7, read "Long. .085, long. spir. .05; lat. .04, div. 30°" for dimensions as given.

Add:

"Hah. Neeah Bay; two specimens in shell — washings {Szvan)^ [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 429]

Bartsch described the shell of this species in detail and figured the type. Oldroyd (1927)
included Bartsch's description. According to Carpenter there were two specimens originally.
The writer therefore designates the remaining syntype a lectotype.

The Carpenter name of the species is a secondary homonym, and Weinkauff's name is
only applicable as long as the two species are put in the same genus.

Dimensions. — Length 2 mm. ; diameter 1.1 mm. (type, Bartsch)

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 17728

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Drier Bay, Knight Island, Prince Wil-
liam Sound, Alaska, to Monterey, California (I'.urcli) ; San Martin Island, Mexico (Baker,
1902) ; Galapagos Islands (M. Smith, 1944)

Alvania compacta (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs. 16, 17, 18, 18A, B, C, D, E)

Rissoa compacta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 89; 142; 1865, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 62; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 30

Alvania compacta (Carpenter), Baktsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, p. 351, pi.
31, fig. 7 not tyi)e; 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 52, no. 2193, p. 679; Jordan, 1920,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 58, no. 2325, p. 3; Dall, 1921, p. 159; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub.
Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 156; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 95, pi. 82, fig. 7, type,
same as Bartsch, 1911 ; Yokes, 1936, Nautilus, vol. SO, no. 2, p. 48; Keen, 1937, p. 29;
Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 34; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, p. 197

"Sculptured like Bcanii, with short broad whirls [m-]." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]
To make Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description (1865) complete the following
lines should l)c changed:
Delete "poll."
Add:
". . . div. 45°.

"Hah. — In sinu Pugetiano satis abundanter legit Kennerley ; prope Neeah Bay, Swannii
discipuli." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 62]

The type material in the U. S. National Museum consists of four specimens with the
original glass and label. The card label is, "Puget Sd Kennerly type."

Bartsch figured a specimen from Alaska but not one of Carpenter's syntypes. The explan-
ation of the figure defined the specimen as "type" wiiich would seem to be a confusion in

GASTROPODA

]63

printing. Bartsch discussed the shell characters of the species in detail. His description was
reprinted by Oldroyd.

Photographs of the four syntypes are illustrated herein.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4338

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Port Etches, Alaska, to Trinidad, Cali-
fornia (Dall)

Alvania filosa Carpenter

Alvania filosa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 142; 1864, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 429; Reprint, 1872, p. 241 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 30 "Monterey;" 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65 "Mon-
terey;" Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 41, p. 342, pi. 30, fig. 7 type; Dall,
1921, p. 159; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 154; 1927, vol. II,
pt. Ill, p. 92; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burch. 1945, no. 55, p. ZZ; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197

Rissoa filosa (Carpenter) Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 365

"Turrited: pillar purple-stained: 18 close spiral striae, passing over very faint waved rib-
lets." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

The following lines should be changed in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1864d) :

Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen in shell-washings (Swan)." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 429]

The holotype has the original Carpenter glass with the original label, "N'eeah Bay Swan
type."

Bartsch figured the holotype and discussed the specific characters in detail.

Dimensions. — Length 3.5 mm.; diameter 1.7 mm. (Bartsch)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 36632

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay north to Hoonah, Alaska
(Burch)

"Alvania notabilis Cpr."

"Alvania notabilis Cpr." in Baker (1902, p. 41) is a nomen nudum. The "Cpr." is an error
for C. B. Adams who described the species from Panama (1852, p. 180) as Rissoa; Car-
penter (1863, p. 353 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 189) /

Genus Rissoina d'Orbigny, 1840
Rissoina woodwardi Carpenter
Cooper (1888, p. 262) reported Rissoina woodtvardi Carpenter from the "Quaternary" of
San Diego. This species was described by Carpenter (1857, p. 357) from Mazatlan, Mexico.
Bartsch (1915, pl. 31, fig. 2, 5) figured a Carpenter drawing of a syntype. The species has
not been reported, other than the Cooper reference above, from the California region, living
or fossil. Cooper's record, therefore, seems to be a misidentification.

(Family Barleeiidae)
Genus Barleeia Clark, 1853 "i

Barlecia Clark, W., 1853, Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. XII, p. 110

Type species by monotvpv. Barleeia rubra John Adams, Clark, 1853, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 2, vol. XII, p. ■l0'8-109 "Rissoa rubra auct.'"^^ Recent. Europe. Tryox, 1887, Man.

"iThis original date antedates that of Clark, (1855, p. 391-395; (Bartsch, 1920a, p. 166-
167), even though Clark (1855) described the genus as new.

72 There is some question as to whether the Turbo ruber John Adams (1797, p. 66, pl. 13,
figs. 21, 22) is the same as that of Montagu (1803, p. 320) as Turbo ruber Adams fide Forbes
and Hanley 1854 (probably). Winckworth (1932, p. 223) used Rissoa rubra as of Forbes and
Hanley.

164 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Conch., vol. 9, pi. 60, fig.s. 70, 71 copy of Sowerby (Reeve), 1878, Concii. Icon., vol. 20,
Rissoa, pi. VI, fip. 54 copy of Ad.vms, 1797, Linn. Soc. Trans., vol. Ill, pi. XIII, fig. 15
fide Sowerby (1878)

Barleeia alderi (Carpenter)

Jcffrcysia Alderi Cakpk.ntkr, 1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 362; 1864b, p. 623, 657; Kcprint, 1872,
p. 109, 143; CooPKR, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Stir. California, p. 31

Barleeia alderi (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 58, no. 2331, p. 175,
pi. 12, fig. 6 type; Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 23

This species described from Mazatlan by Carpenter was reported later by him from San
Diego. That record was repeated by Cooper. This occurrence has not been verified by later
collectors. The distribution so far is limited to Gulf of California to Tres Marias Islands
(Burch). The synonymy is not intended to be complete.

Barleeia haliotiphila Carpenter

Barleeia haliotiphila Carpenter, lS64b, p. 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 142; 1865, Jour, de
Conchyliol., vol. XIII, p. 144; Reprint, 1872, p. 312; Cooper. 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 30; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 64; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch.,
vol. IX, p. 393. pi. 60. fig. 74; Bartsch. 1920, U. S. Nat.. Mus., Proc, vol. 58, no. 2331,
p. 172, pi. 13, fig. 1 type; Ball, 1921. p. 156; Strong. 1923. Nautilus, vol. 37, no. 2, p. 43;
Oldroyd. 1927. vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 75; Strong, 1928, Nautilus, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 1 ; Bailv,
West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 202; Keen, 1937, p. 30; Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 22-24;
S^^ITH and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196

"Longer, narrower, much smaller. On H. splcndens." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]
The following changes should be made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's descrip-
tion (1866) :

Line 4: read "labio parum" for "labro parum" ; delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 30°.

''Hah. Basse Californie, sur la partie dorsale d'une Haliotidc, Rozvell.

"Cette espece est voisine du B. subtenuis; elle s'cn distingue par sa taille beaucoup plus
petite, et sa forme plus elancee." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 144]

The holotype was figured by Bartsch. wlio gave a detailed description of tiie shell.
Dimensions. — Altitude 2.5 mm.; diameter 1.3 mm. (Bartscii)
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15558

Distribution. — Recent. Lower California on Haliotis (type) ; Mendocino County, Cali-
fornia, to Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946)

Barleeia marmorea (Carpenter)

(PI. 22. fig. 9)

Diala marmorea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 143; 1866. California

Acad. Sci., vol. III. p. 218; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 31;

1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65; Dale, 1921, p. 156; 1923. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.

vol. 63. p. 3 corrections 1 Barleeia: Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound P)iol. Station, vol. 4,

p. 152; 1927. vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 78; Strong, 1923, Nautilus, vol. 2,7, no. 2, p. 43; Grant

AND Gale, 1931, p. 784; Keen, 1937. p. 30; Burch, 1945, no. 5.
Litiopa marmorea (Carpenter) Trvon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 283, pi. 53, fig. 87
Barleeia marmorea (Carpenter), Dall, 1922, Nautilus, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 85; Burch, 1945, no.

55, p. 21, 22; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Paper 207,

p. 67; Smith and (Gordon, 1948, California .Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XX\"I, no. 8,

p. 197

"Solid, glossy, clouded with red: base faintly angled." [Carpenter, lS64b, p. 657]

Oldroyd (1927) rei)ublislied Carpenter's description (1866). To that copy the following
lines should be added :

"Long. 0.17, long. spir. 0.11, hit. 0.08, div. 31°.

"Hah. Monterey, S. Pedro ; Cooper. Lower California, ofT Haliotis. Rozvell.

"The description is written from a single perfect specimen in Mr. Rowell's collection, and
some fragments from the shell-washings of Dr. Cooper's." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 218]

The holotype of this species is in the original vial of Carpenter with the original label,
"Type S. Pedro."

GASTROrODA

165

The holotype has been drilled vertically by some animal which left a circular opening in
the posterior columellar area under the overhang of the whorl. It is visible in the photograph
and appears like a misplaced umbilicus.

Burch (1945 no. 55, p. 24) suggested that the listing of Diala marmorca by Baker (1902,
p. 41) is a misidentification, as he believed D. acuta is the southern form, although in the
range of B. marmorea, he extended the boundary to Lower California.

A comparison of the illustrations herein of the two above-mentioned species reveals the
difference in the angulation of the body whorl of the forms.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14821

Distribution.— Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; Queen Charlotte Islands, British
Columbia, to San Pedro, California (Dall) ; San Martin Island, Mexico (Baker 1902). Pleis-
tocene. California (Clark, 1931; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kcw 1946) Pliocene. California
(Berry, 1908)

Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter
(PI. 20, figs. 1-3)

Hvdrobia nlvae Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 361

Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 546, 623, 656, 669; Reprint, 1872, p. 32, 109, 142, 155;
1865. Jour, de Conchvl., vol. XIII, 143; Reprint, 1872, p. 311; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 30; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 65; Tryon, 1887,
Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 393, pi. 60. fig. 73 ; Bartsch, 1920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.. vol.
58, no. 2331, p. 169, pi. 13, f^g. 11 ; Dall, 1921, p. 156; Strong, 1923, Nautilus, vol. 37, no.
2, p. 43, Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 74; Strong, 1928. Nautilus, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 1 ;
Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 202; Keen, 1937, p. 30; Burch, 1945, no. 55,
p. 24; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197

Rissoa cooperi Tryon, 1865, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. I, p. 222, pi. 22, fig. 13 fide Bartsch ;
Cooper. 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 30 ; 1870. Amer. Jour. Conch.,
vol. VI, p. 65 ; Tryon, 1887, Alan. Conch., vol. IX, p. 369 Amnicolidae.

"= Hvdrobia ? ulvac, Maz. Cat. no. 417; but with normal Barleeoid operculum. On grass,
Cp." [Car'penter, 1864b, p. 656]

The following should be changed in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1865) :

Line 3: read "peritremate" for "peritrenate" ; line 4: read "lacunam" for "lacunem" ; line
6; read "exstante" for "extante"; ".11" for "11."

Add:

". . . div. 40°

"Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy; sur I'herbe, Cooper. — Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. — Mazatlan.
Reigen.

"Si Ton juge seulemente d'apres la coquille, on ne pent guere separer cette espece des
petites varietes degradees de VHydrobia ulvae d'Europe. J'avais rapporte a cette espece quel-
ques individus, en tres-mauvais etat, de la collection Reigen (Maz. Cat., no. 417). Mais les
individus frais qui ont ete recueillis. grace au zele du docteur Cooper, ixjssedent I'opercule re-
marquable des Barleeia." [Carpenter, 186Sg, p. 144]

Three specimens in the U. S. Nat. Museum (no. 32363) are now laljelled "type" and stated
to be figured by Bartsch. One label has "P.P.C." with no locality. The three specimens are
each figured herein. They are not labelled "type" in the catalogue, (U. S. National Museum),
and they do not correspond to Bartsch's statement (1920, p. 170) as to type.

Bartsch (1920) explained in the text concerning the species that the specimen figured is
one of 147 of no. 56446, and that the shells came from San Diego. In the explanation of the
figure in the same article (and in the column on p. 170), the figure is labelled "type."

Since apparently a holotype selected by Carpenter is not available, the specimen figured by
Bartsch could be designated as the neotype. This specimen is not a lectotype in the strict
sense, for material from which it would be selected is not in the original collection.

Specimens figured. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 32363

Distribution.— San Diego, California (type, based on neotype if and when selected) ; San
Pedro, California

166 ^ AfARTKE ^rnLT.rsCA r)ESCRTBEn Vi\ p. r. carpexter • ^

Barleeia subtenuis rimata Carpenter

(PI. 20, fig. 4)

Barleeia (? subtenuis, var.) rimata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 142; 1865,

Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XIII, p. 144; Reprint, 1872, p. 312, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 30; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 393; Dall, 1921, p.

156; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 74; Keen, 1937, p. 30 differentiated; Burch, 1945,

no. 55, p. 24
Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter, Bartsch, 1920, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc., vol. 58, no. 2331, p. 169

"Whirls [sic] more swollen, [than subtenuis] : base chinked — [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

"B.t. "B. subtenui" simili; sed paulum tumidiore ; anfractibus minus planatis ; rinia umbili-
cali conspicua.

"Hab. S. Diego. Cassidy, Cooper.

"Peut-etre cette forme se trouvera-t-elle constituer unc espece distinctc, lorsqu-elle sera
mieux connue." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 144]

Two specimens, in the U. S. National Museum, are segregated with Carpenter types but
are not marked "type." They are labelled "San Diego Cooper." For lack of more definite
type material the better preserved of the two is figured herein, and the writer presumes that
it may eventually be selected as the neotype of the subspecies if such classification seems
warranted.

As far as the conspicuousncss of the slight umbilical opening is concerned, that of the
specimens noted would seem to be within legitimate variation of the species.

This name and data are arranged separately from that of the species for easier reference,
rather than because the writer regards the subspecies as valid.

Specimen figured. — U. S. National Museum, no. 23734

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type)

Genus Diala A. Adams, 1861

Diala A. Adams, 1861, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 8, p. 242, D. varia A. Adams first

of four species described
Type species by subsequent designation, Sutur, 1913, (Man. New Zealand AIoll., p. 227''^

D. varia A. Adam.s, 1861, .\nn. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. 8, p. 243

Recent. China, Korea, and Japan

Tryon (1887, p. 282) included D. varia Adams under D. semistriafa Philippi (1849, p. 34).
Tadashige Habe wrote (Aug. 8, 1950, personal communication) that Diala varia A. Adams
is not the same as D. semistriata Philippi.

Diala acuta Carpenter
(PI. 22, fig. 15)

Diala acuta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 143; 1866, California Acad.
Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 218; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.. Geol. Sur. California, p. 31;
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 62; Cooper,
1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 238; Dall, 1921, p. 156; Oldroyd, 1927,
vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 78; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 784; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 201; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Woodring, Bkamlette and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol.
Sur., Prop. Paper 207, p. 67; S.mith and Gordon, 1948, California .^cad. Sci., Proc, ser.
4, vol. XXVI, p. 197

Litiopa acuta (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 284

Barleeia acuta (Carpenter), Baker, 1902, Nautilus, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 41 ; Burch, 1945, no.
55, p. 21, 22

"Base flattened, sharply angled: turritcd. Bch. — 10 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]
Oldroyd (1927) republished the description of Carpenter (1866). The following lines

should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's (1866) description:
". . . State Collection, no. 390

"Hab. Catalina Is. 8-10 fms. ; on beach to Monterey. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 218]
The holotype is in an original Carpenter vial with an original label, "Cp. (type) Cp. 390

Diala acuta Cpr. Catalina Is."

^3 Fortunately this is an earlier selection of type species than that of Cossmann (1921, p.
56). He designated the same species, but a typographical error (fig. 88 for fig. 81) made his
complete explanation confusing.

GASTROPODA K>7

Dair's reference (" ? pi. 53, fig. 86" in Tryon, 1887) to Litiopa Icillii Smith is not this
species.

HoJotype.—\]. S. National Museum, no. 390 (early California State Survey number, see
Carpenter description)

Distribution.— Recent. Catalina Island, California (tyi)€) ; Puget Sound, Washington, to
San Martin Island, Mexico (Baker) to San Hipolito (Jordan; Burch). Pleistocene. Cali-
fornia. (Oldroyd)

Family Assimineidae
Genus Assiminea Leach in Fleming, 1828
As.'^iiiiiuca Fleming.'* 1828, History of British Animals, p. 275; Assiiuinia. p. 557 called ver-
nacular by Fleming
Type species by monotypy A. grayana Fleming, 1828. History of British Animals, p. 275
Recent. Britain.

Because there seems to be doubt in the minds of workers who have not seen Gray (1821,
p. 239) as to the status of Sync era (supposed to be proposed there as a genus) the following
is a copy of the only mention the writer can find in that work in regard to Syncera.

"Nerita Syncera Hepatica, N. S. — The animal of this shell differs from all the others of
this order, by the eyes appearing to be at the ends of the tentacula ; but, I believe, that they
are placed on a peduncle as long as the tentacula, and the peduncle and tentacula are sordered
[sic} together. . . ."

One cannot regard this name as a valid generic proposal, "^ and hence the name Syncera
as of that reference would not have priority over Assiminea.

Assiminea translucens (Carpenter)

Jeffreysia translucens Carpenter, 1864b. p. 613, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 143; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 219; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 31; Tryon, 1887, Alan. Conch., vol. IX, p. 397; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 15. no. 898, p. 206

Hydrobia californica Tryon, 1865, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, p. 221. pi. 22, fig. 11

Syncera translucens (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1920, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 58, p. 164. pi.
12, fig. 7; Ball, 1921, p. 161; Strong, 1923, Nautilus, vol. 37, no. 2, p. 43; Old-
royd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 158; 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 110;
Strong, 1928. Nautilus, vol. 42. no. 1, p. 1 ; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 787; Baily, 1935,
West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 202, fig. 186; Keen, 1937. p. 46

Assiminea translucens (Carpenter), Burch. 1946, no. 56, p. 8; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197

"Possibly a Barleeia: pillar thickened, base rounded." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]

The following should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1866):

"Long. 0.08, long. spir. 0.045, lat. 0.06, div. 55°.

"Hab. S. Diego ; in shell-washings. Cooper.

"Only one specimen having been seen, without animal or even operculum, the genus is
doubtful. In its slight labial deposit it resembles "Litiopa" dubiosa, C. B. Adams." [Car-
penter, 1866a, p. 219]

There are 20 specimens in the U. S. N'ational Museum, no. 126645. which are segregated
as Carpenter "type" material, one of which is labelled as the "lectotype" of Bartsch. The label
of the specimens is "Vancouver Is. Taylor." That specimen labelled lectotype is not the one
figured as "type" by Bartsch (1920). The plate explanation defined the specimen as "type,"
and in the text the specimen stated to be described and figured was U. S. X'ational Museum
no. 271483 and came from San Diego, California. This specimen could be selected as a neo-
type whereas U. S. National Museum no. 126645 could not. The type locality is San Diego, as
stipulated by Carpenter, and therefore a Vancouver shell (no. 126645) would not be eligible.

7* Fleming stated that Leach sent him the shell with name [MS.] Assiminea (/rayana.
Fleming described the species and genus.

■^5 Iredale (1922, p. 37) reprinted the above lines. Dall, at the same time (1922. p. 36) at-
tested to the validity of the name.

168 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY I'. P. CARPENTER

In Bartsch's column of specimens examined, no. 126645 is the first of specimens listed, and
no. 271483 has an indication as "type." There apparently has heen some mixture of labels.

The specimens of no. 271483 are C. R. Orcutt San Diego material (427 shells) and there-
fore not the original individual which Carpenter had when he described the species. The
Cooper specimen ("only one") has not been found. Bartsch's selection would be a neotype.

Types. — Holotype, not found. Specimen figured bv Bart.sch, U. S. National Museum, no.
271483

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Vancouver Island, to Lower Cali-
fornia (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale); Mexico (Jordan,
1926)

Family Tirkitei-LIDAE
Genus Turritella Lamarck, 1799

Turritclla Lamarck, 1799, Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, Mem., .ser. 1, t. 1, p. 74

Tvpe species by monotypy. Turbo tcrcbra Linnaeus, 1758, p. 766. Living. China and East
Indies."6 Trvon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 195, pi. 59, figs. 32, iZ

Turritella cooperi Carpenter
(PI. 20, fig. 7)
Turritclla cooperi Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 655; Reprint, 1872, p. 141; 1866, Feb., Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 216; Cooper, 1867, Gcog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 28; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 200, pi. 61, fig. 61; Keep, 1887,
West Coast Shells, p. 7?,. fig. 58; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur.,
p. 269; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, no. 898, p. 205; Arnold, 1903, p.
300; 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 32, p. 546, pi. 51, fig. 14; Eldridge and Arnold,
1907, U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 309, pi. 41, fig. 14; Dall, 1921, p. 152; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,
pt. Ill, p. 55, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 770 see for additional references; Keen, 1937,
p. 49; BuRCH, 1945, no. 54, p. 47; Merriam, 1941, Univ. California Pub., Bull. Dept. Geol.
Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, p. 117, pi. :i2i, figs. 1-4; pi. 34; figs. 9, 12-16; pi. 35, figs. 14, 15;
WooDRiNG, Bramlette, AND Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 69-70, pi.
35, fig. 9 Pleistocene; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, p. 196

". . . S. Diego; Cat. Is.; common. [May prove identical with one of Conrad's imperfectly
described fossils in P.R.E.E.]" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612]

"Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls, c. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's description
(1866)

". . . State Collection, no. 564. . . .

"Hab. San Pedro, 60; San Diego, 16 dead on beach; Santa Barbara, 4 dead, in 16-20 fms.
Cooper.

"As I have seen no complete list of tlie very numerous fossil species of this genus, it ap-
pears allowable, rather than risk a synonym, to name this graceful shell after its discoverer."
[Carpenter, 1866a, p. 216]

J. Wyatt Durham furnished the following notes regarding specimens of T. cooperi in the
Museum of Paleontology, University of California :

"With regard to the types of Turritella cooperi Carpenter, we have several specimens in
the old California State collections under number 548. Carpenter originally described the
species as number 564, but in Cooper's catalogue of the collection 564 is listed as Goniobasis
silicuh and number 548 is tiie oidy Turritella cooperi listed by him. None of the specimens is
designated as type, but two of them have been jjasted on a card at one time. Of these two
specimens, one is a fossil and the other a])pears to be a beach worn Recent specimen. Both fit
the general description given by Carjienter in the Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. description, except
that neither one has tlie color markings noted by him. However, his description notes that
Cooper had a large number of specimens, and 1 am wondering if tlie description may have
been a composite.

"With respect to the measurements given by Carpenter the fossil specimen tliat had been
pasted on the card fits them approximately. The apex of the specimen has had a slight amount
broken off in recent years, and e.xcejjt ft)r this, would appear t(j have just about the right alti-
tude and right height of spire and has ai)proximately the right diameter."

■0HanIey (1855, p. 348); Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, (1886, p. 225); Tryon,
(1886, p. 197). The European T. tcrcbra =. T. coiiniiuiiis Risso.

GASTROPODA

169

The holotype of this species has not been found, nor has original material other than the
University of California specimens. One of those could be selected as a neotype. The figure
included herein is a copy of the original drawing which Cooper sent Carpenter for identifica-
tion. The original figure is with the Carpenter ms. notes in the Redpath Museum.

Merriam discussed fully and illustrated specimens of the species.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. —Recent California (Type— depending on selection of neotype), Monterey,
California, to Cerros Island (Baker) ; Miocene-Recent. California (Merriam)

Turritella jewetti Carpenter

TurriteUa Jcwctti Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539. 655; Reprint. 1872, p. 25, 141 : 1866. April, Ann
Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XVTI. p. 276; Reprint, 1872, p. Z2?,\ Cooper, 1867. Geog. Cat
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; 1888. 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p
269. Dall, 1921, p. 151 in part; Van Winkle [Palmer], 1921, Bull. Amer. Paleont.. vol
VIII, no. 36, p. 4; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 54 in part; Grant and Gale. 1931, p
770 in part; Keen 1937, p. 49 in part; Merri.\m, 1941, Univ. California Pub., Bull., Dept
Geol. Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, p. 123; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946. U. S. Geol. Sur.,
Prof. Paper 207, p. 69

Not TurriteUa icwetfi Arnold, 1903, p. 300, pi. IV, fig. 13; Eldridge and Arnold, 1907,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 309. pi. 41, fig. 15; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 770 in part = T.
pedrocnsis Applin ms. in Merriam, 1941, p. 121, pi. 35, figs. 1-9; Hanna and Hertlein,
1941, California Div. Mines, Bull. 118, pt. 2, p. 174, fig. 64-2; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 46

"Like sanguinea, with very faint sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]
Oldroyd (1927) furnished part of Carpenter's description (1866), and Merriam (1941)
supplied a complete copy. To Oldroyd's copy the following lines should be added :

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett). San Diego, on beach (Cassidy).

"This species comes nearest to T. sanguinea Rve., from the Gulf, but differs in the faint-
ness of the sculpture. Mr. Cassidy's specimens may be washed fossils, or very poor recent
shells." [Carpenter, 1866b, p. 276]

In 1921 the author discovered in the Jewett Collection of the Paleontological Laboratory
at Cornell University two of the assumed lost types of the article in which T. jcivetti was de-
scribed. Unfortunately the type of T. jetvetfi was not found, nor has it turned up at Cor-
nell or at any other institution.

The T. jezi'etfi of Arnold and others from the Pleistocene of the San Pedro area was
separated by Esther Richards Applin from the true T. jewetti because it did not conform
with the original remarks. Her manuscript name, T. pedroensis, was published with descrip-
tion and illustration by Merriam (1941. p. 121).

The problem of locating topotypes which have been identified by Carpenter from which
a neotype might be selected has not been satisfactorily solved.

Durham furnished the following information in regard to specimens at the University of
California :

"There are two specimens in the old California State Collection under number 549 la-
beled as 'TurriteUa jcwcttii Cpr., Santa Barbara; Jewett Coll. fossil?).' These specimens still
have the color markings and from the label the possibility appears to me that they might be
a part of the Jewett collection, although the entire label is a printed label made up by Cooper
with the notation 'Coll. Cooper' on it."

The writer has not investigated these specimens. Since the West Coast TurriteUa mono-
graphs were prepared from material in California, it seems the specimens might have been
considered. However, it would be well that the specimens be examined to determine whether
they are T. coopcri or not.

Woodring (in Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, p. 69) described a specimen in the U. S.
National Aluseum which probably had been examined by Carpenter. His final opinion was
that the specimen was doubtless T. cooperi. The writer examined the specimen and agrees
with Woodring that it is what has been identified as T. cooperi.

In the Redpath Museum there is a specimen (no. 3141) labelled by Carpenter, "T. jewettii,
jun fossil Sta. Barbara." The specimen, however, is not a young shell as stated. It measures

170 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

43 mm. length and 15 mm., greatest diameter. Because of the discrepancy the writer has not
included the illustration of the shell. The shell is of the T. cooperi stock. It has a subquadrate
aperture as described by Carpenter for both T. cooperi and T. jezvetti.

A specimen of Turritella (no. 15834) in the Crooke Collection, American Museum of Na-
tural History, is labelled "T. jezvetti Carp. California." Although the Crooke Collection was
acquired probably earlier than 1894 (John C. Armstrong, July 17, 1951, personal communi-
cation) there is no evidence that Carpenter identified this shell, and the locality is not ade-
quate. An examination of the shell shows it to be the apical wliorls of T. cooperi Carpenter.
The specimen is a fossil.

Two suites of specimens of two each arc in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts.

One set (no. 29399) has a printed label. "Turritella /ctcc//// Cpr. Santa Barbara; (Jewctt
Coll., fossill?) 549 California Geol. Survey Jewctt." These two specimens are fossil and most
certainly from a lot of shells similar to those described by Durham, which are at present at
the University of California. The specimens are presumably tliose sent out by Cooper, as
Cooper was employed by the California Geological Survey. This suite, as w-ell as the follow-
ing second set, is at present labelled "cotypes," but since the two sets probably do not repre-
sent original Jewett specimens identified by Carpenter they cannot qualify as "cotypes."

The second set (no. 142835) consists of two Recent shells which have the original label.
"Turritella Jewettii Cpr. Sta. Barbara, Cal. Cooper."

One shell of the first suite is too badly worn for accurate identification. The remaining
three specimens are what is being identified as T. cooperi and equal specifically the other spe-
cimens enumerated under this discussion. All except the Redpath Museum specimen are apical
whorls and are equivalent to the specimen figured by Merriam (pi. 33, fig. 1).

If T. cooperi and T. jezvetti prove to be conspecific, T. cooperi has priority. Both names
were first briefly described by Carpenter (1864b, p. 655). T. cooperi is listed first on that
page. Carpenter's first descriptions (1864) of both consist of only one line, which is not ade-
quate to validate the name of the species as of that date. T. cooperi was described in February
(1866a), and T. jezvetti in April (1866b). Merriam failed to include the 1866a reference in
the synonymy of T. cooperi. That is the description which enumerates characters sufficiently
for identification.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Pleistocene. Santa Barbara, California (type)

Genus Tachyrynchus'' Morcli. 1868
(Tachyrhynchii.'! Morch, 1875)
Tachyrynchus Morch, 1868, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 4. p. 46 Tachyrynchus not italicized.
Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann,"^ 1912, Essais Paleoconch. Comp., 9 liv.,
' p. 110. Turritella lactea Moller, 1842, Index Moll. Groenlandica, p. 9 = Turritella reticu-
lata MiGiiEi.s AND Adams, 1842, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. IV, Jan., p. 50, pi. IV, fig.
19. Recent. Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Clench and Turner, 1950, Occ.
Paper Moll., vol. 1, no. 15, pi. 40, figs. 14-15

Tachyrhynchus lacteolum (Carpenter)

(PI. 20, fig. 5)

Mesalia lacteola Carpenter. 1864b, p. 603, 607, 655, 680, 683; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 93, 141, 166,

169; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 17, p. 62; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28

Turritella reticulata (Mighels and Adams), Trvon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 208 in

part not figures, section Turritellopsi.9
Tach\r\hynchus lacteola (Carpenter) Smith, 1915, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th ser., vol. XV,
p." 376," fig. 3

''■'Morch (1875, p. 127) corrected the spelling to Tacliyrhyuchus. The name is derived from
the Greek rhynchos (n.) beak, snout. The ending of the specific name is neuter instead of
either masculine or feminine as often written. {Note: After this paper was submitted for
publication the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Declaration 39, 1958,
reversed its former decision and ruled that such endings are masculine.)

■'s The designation of Cossmann is 3 years before that of E. A. Smith (1915, p. 373 T.
reticulata Mighels and Adams, 1842). The result is the same in both designations.

CASTROPODA

171

Tach\ryhynchus lacteolus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 152, pi. 6, fig. 2; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.

Puget" Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 148, pi. 5. fig. 8; 1927. vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 58; pt. II.

pi. 31, fig. 11 same as Dall; Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 48; no. 55, p. 9;

Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc. ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196
TurriteUa (Mcsalia) lacicola Carpenter, Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV,

no. 1892, p. 205

"May be a local var. of the circumpolar laclca. with altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cum-
ing." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

The measurements as given by Oldroyd in lier copy (1927) of Carpenter's description
(1856) should be corrected as follows :

Read .2,Z for 2,i ; read .24 for 24 ; read .14 for 14.
The following lines should be added :

"• • • d'v- ^0°.-

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano ligit Kennerley. In insula Vancouver legit Forbes.

"Anne 'M. lactelae' varietas insignis, sculpturae indole satis discrepans." [Carpenter,

1865e, p. 62]

The holotype of this species is in the United States N^ational Museum. Dall did not state
that the illustration which he included (1921) was of the type. The dimensions are the same,
but the drawing presents a different aspect than that of the actual specimen or a photograph
of the same. Dall's drawing has an additional row of spiral ribs, and the nodes appear less
sharp than they are. The specimen has intervening fine spiral threads not shown on Dall's
drawing or on the photograph of the holotype herein included.

The Dall drawing has an aspect of whorl shape as in the type species of the genuj, T. rec-
ticnlatum (Adams) (Clench and Turner, 1950, pi. 40, figs. 14-15), more than has the actual
type of the Carpenter species.

The holotype has a label, "type Puget Sd. Dr. Kennerly [sic]."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4195

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Chignik Bay, .Alaska Peninsula, east
and south to Point Abreojos, Lower California (Dall)

Tachyrhynchus lacteolum subplanatum (Carpenter)
(PL 20, fig. 6)

Mesalia subpJanata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 655 ; Reprint. 1872, p. 89, 141 ; 1865, Acad. Xat.

Sci. Philadelphia, Proc. vol. 17, p. 62
Mesalia lacteola var. ? subplanata Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. West Coast Moll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 28.
Tachyrhynchus subplanata (Carpenter), Smith, 1915, Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. XV,

p."377
Tachvrhvnchiis lacteolus subplanatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 152; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.

II, pt. Ill, p. 58; Grant and G.'Vle, 1931. p. 776; Keen, 1937, p. 46; Burch, 1945, no. 54,

p. 48

"Sculpture fainter: whirls flattened." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

Oldroyd (1927) included a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). The following lines
should be added to make that copy complete :

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina viventia sed maxime erosa legit Kennerley: juxta
"Xeeah Bay" legerunt Indianuli, Swannii discipuli." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 62]

There is a plication on the labium of the holotype. The specimen is worn, but some of the
epidermis remains. There is a strong intervening thread between the spiral ribs.

Holotype. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 4195b

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Puget Sound, Washington, to
San Diego, California (Dall). Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Family Vermetidae
Genus Petaloconchus H. C. Lea, 1843

Petaloconchus H. C. Lea, 1843, Amer. Philos. Soc, Proc, vol. Ill, p. 162

Type species by monotypy P. sculpturatus Lea ; Upper Miocene. Virginia, Carolinas and
Florida. Antilles. Mansfield, 1930, Florida Geol. Sur. Bull no. 3, pi. 14, fig. 10

172 MARINE ISIOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Petaloconchus macrophragma Carpenter

Petalocanchus macrophrciqimi Caki'kxter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 313,
fig. 1 of section only;' 1857, Mazatian Cat., p. 309; Trvon, 1886, Alan. Conch., vol. VIII,
p. 173. pi. 48; fig. 16; Dall, 1921, p. 151; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 44

Tliis species was described from Mazatian by Carpenter. The figuring of the type belongs
with illustration of the Mazatian Catalogue. The holotype should be in the British Museum.
The synonymy is not intended to be complete. The species ranges from Panama to Catalina
Island (Burch).

The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum. It has a label, "Bivonia compacta type
Vancouver Id. J. G. Swan." The photograph of the holotype was furnished by the authorities
of the Smithsonian Institution.

Holotype— \J. S. National Museum, no. 13580

Distribution. — Barclay Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (type) ; Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, to San Pedro, California (Dall)

Genus Aletes Carpenter, 1857

Aletes Carpenter, 1857, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1856, pt. XXIV, Jan., p. 226; 1857, Cat.

Mazatian Moll., after June'-', p. 301
Type species by monotypy, A. squainif/cnis Carpenter, Zool. Soc. London 1856, pt. XXIV,

p. 226. Recent. Forrester Isl., Alaska, to Payta, Peru, and the Galapagos Islands (Burch).

Aletes Rafinesque, 1815, is a nomcn nudum. Keen (1951, p. 8-15) presented the problem
of Scolixedion Renier, 1807,8" vs. Scrpulorbis Sassi, 1827. She suggested (Jan. 18, 1951, per-
sonal communication) that she might regard Aletes as a subgenus of Serpulorbis.

Petaloconchus compactus (Carpenter)
(PI. 20. fig. 15)

Bivonia compacta Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 628, 654; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 140; 1864,
Dec, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 427; Reprint, 1872, p. 239; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 27 ; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. XV, no. 898, p. 204; Dall, 1921, p. 150; Oldroyd, 1924, Publ. Puget Sound Biol.
Station, vol. 4, p. 147; 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 48; Keen, 1937, p. 31 ; Burch, 1945, no. 54,
p. 42; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196

Vermettis compacta (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 177 list only

Dofania compacta (Carpenter), Keen in Burch, 1947, no. 67, p. 25

"Frequent on Pach\poma; externally resembles Petaloconchus macrophragma." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 628]

"Entirely open within : but colour and growth like . . . Petaloconchus macrophragma, Cpr.
Maz. Cat. no. 359. From Southern fauna." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 654]

The measurements as given in Oldroyd's copy (1927) of Carpenter's description (1865)
should be corrected as follows :

Read .7 for 7; read .3 for 3; read .1 for 1 ; delete "poll."

The following lines should be added :

"Hab. Barclay Sound, abundant on Pachypoma gibberosum (Sivan).

"Belongs to Bivonia, Gray (not Morch). Has the aspect of Petaloconchus macrophragma
on a large scale, but is entirely destitute of internal laminae. One specimen had a faint
columellar thread for two whirls only. Operculum normal, with thin edge, dark red." [Car-
penter, 1864d, p. 427]

A specimen from the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum" collected by the
Indian children" for J. G. Swan at Neah Bay and Vancouver Island, was sent to Myra
Keen for examination. She vouched that it was the same form as the holotype and furnished
the following remarks (1951, personal communication) concerning the topotype (Redpath
Museum, no. 936) :

■^8 See Iredale, (1916a, p. 36) on dates of Mazatian Catalogue. The dates on individual
pages for Mazatian Catalogue are not true dates of publication.

80 See also Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 9, pt. 9, 1954. p. 257-262 and Opinion 316, Op. and
Declar. Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., vol. 9, pt. 5, p. 91-106, Tavola and Prospetto of Renier re-
jected for nomenclatorial purposes.

GASTROPODA

173

"As to the vcrmetid — it is, F think, as much Pctaloconchns as anything. One broken speci-
men shows faint columellar threads. I find we have about a dozen specimens of what is
probably this species. Ours, however, are not solitary. They all show the faint columellar
thread and the same manner of coiling- which is characteristic of the genus. I wish I could
find an operculum, as that would clinch the matter. Our specimens had been identified, pre-
sumably by Dr. Dall. as P. complicatus. They are not the P. complicatus we have from
southern California, which has very heavy internal laminae, but that is another problem.
This specimen of yours confirms a suspicion that has been growing on me that the name
Bivonia is unnecessary anyway and need not be replaced. I am beginning to feel certain that
we shall have to redefine Pctaloconclms to include species with obsolete laminae, for I have
found specimens with Pctaloconchns opcrcula and nuclear whorls which had no laminae, but
I shall have to do much more comparative work before I am positive."

Aletes squamigerus Carpenter

Aletes squamigerus Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 226; 1857, Rept. British

Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1856, p. 200, 233, 324. 349; 1857. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 303. 304;

1860, Smith. Misc. Coll.. vol. 2, art. 6, p. 4 ; Dall, 1921, p. 151; Oldrovd, 1927. vol. II,

pt III, p. 49; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 777; Keen. 1937, p. 29; Wenz, 1939. Hand.

Paleozol., Bd. 6. Teil 3. p. 675, fig. 1928 copy Tryon, fig. 72 ; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 43 ;

Smith and Gordon. 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4. vol. XXVI, p. 196; Abbott,

1954, p. 144, pi. 20, fig. e
Thylacodcs squamigcra (Carpenter), Morch, 1862. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 76 identical

with var. pcnnata: Carpenter, 1864b, p. 557; Reprint, 1872. p. 43
J'cnnctus (Thylacodcs) squamigerus (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Alan. Conch., vol. VIII,

p. 181, pi. 54. figs 73. 74
ScrpuJorbis squamigerus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 557, 654; Reprint, 1872, p. 43, 140; Cooper,

1867. Geog. Cat. Moll. Geol. Sur. California, p. 27; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 74;

Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 264; Williamson, 1892,

U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15 no. 898, p. 204; Arnold, 1903, p. 299

The following lines should be added to Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Carpenter's original
description :

"Hab. Sta. Barbara. Sp. magn. glomer. in AIus. Nuttall ; San Diego, Mus. Gould.

"A fine group of this shell is in Mr. Xuttall's collection. It agrees in the main with the
Mazatlan species, but differs in colour and sculpture. Mr. Xuttall believes that he found an-
other species without scales." [Carpenter. 1856e. p. 226]

"Scrpulorbis squamigerus, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1856. p. 226 (not Aletes). Large, scaly. Verm,
anellum. Morch, P.Z.S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 654]

The type is not in the British Museum (G. L. Wilkins, Oct. 17, 1950, personal commu-
nication).

Type. — Mot found

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara. California (type). Monterey, California, to Payta.
Peru, and the Galapagos Islands (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper; Arnold; Chace,
1919; Oldroyd, 1925; Stephens. 1929; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937). Mexico (Jordan,
1926; Hertlein, 1934)

Note. — "I'crmctus lifuclla Cpr." in Berry, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 21, p. 43. The "Cpr." is an
error for Morch.

Family Caecidae
Genus Caecum Fleming. 1813

Caecum Fleming. 1813. Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, vol. VII, p. 67 fide Neave
(1939-40) and Sherborn (1937) ; 1815. American ed.. vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 689

Type species by subsequent designation. Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc London. Proc. pt. XV, p. 203.
Dcntalium trachea Montagu. 1803, Testacea Britannica, pt. 2, p. 497. pi. 14, fig. 10. Liv-
ing. European seas. Harmer, 1923, Palaeont. Soc, vol. LXXV, p. 847, pi. LXIV, fig. 32

Caecum californicum Dall

(PI. 20, figs. 8, 9)

Caecum Cooperi Carpenter, 1864, p. 612, 655; Reprint, p. 98, 141; 1866, California Acad.
Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 216; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28
Not Caecum cooperi S. Smith, 1862, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, p. 154, 168

174 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Caecum californicum Dall, 1885, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 8, p. 541 in Orcutt, new name
for C. coopcri Carpenter not Smith; Tryox, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 219, pi. 66,
fig. 65; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 73; Dall, 1892, Wagner Free Inst. Sci.
Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. Ill, p. 299; Arnold, 1903, p. 297, pi. 8, fig. 6; Dau,,
1921, p. 149; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 44; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 779; Baily,
1935, West Coast Shells Keep, p. 190, fig. 167; Keen, 1937, p. 2,2; Burch, 1945, no. 54,
p. 38-40; WooDRiNG, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prop. Paper 207,
p. 69; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 1%;
Abbott, 1954, p. 147, fig. 37g.

"Small, with 30-40 sharp narrow rings." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

"C. {AncUum) t. parva, satis tereti, alba; annulis creliris acutioribus, angustis, circ.
XXXIV-XXXVIII., interstitiis subconcavis ; septo subungulato ; apice obtuso, baud clevato,
margine laterali recto; apertura declivi, parum contracto et postice expanso; operculo?

"I^ng. 0.09, lat. 0.025.

"Hab. San Diego and Catalina Island, 8-10 fms. 18, Cooper.

"Known from similar Mazatlan species by the very numerous but .separated and some-
what sharp ribs." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 216]

The syntypes consist of two specimens on the original Carpenter glass mounts with a
Carpenter label, "S. Diego Cooper." The specimens are well preserved and measure 2 mm.
and 1.75 mm. in length, respectively.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15719 (C. cooperi Carpenter)

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California to Lower Cali-
fornia (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale; Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew) Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Caecum quadratum Carpenter
Caecum quadratum Carpenter, Berry, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 43 Monterey

Smith and Gordon (1948) doubt the identification of this species in the upper California
fauna. It is not recorded by other authors from that region. The species was described from
Mazatlan by Carpenter (1857, p. 322).

Genus Micranellum Bartscli, 1920

Micranellum Bartsch, 1920, Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol. X, p. 568

Type species by original designation. Caecum crehricinctum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655 ; 1866,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 215. Living. Monterey, California, to Lower

California, in shallow water. (PI. 20, figs. 10, 11, 11 A)

C. aJterum Meyer of the Jackson Eocene, southern United States appears to be a typical
Micranellum. This would lower the range of the genus as given by authorities (Wenz, 1939,
p. 683). Miocene-Recent.

Micranellum was proposed by Bartsch as a genus of the Caecidae. Theile (1931, p. 188)
and Wenz (1939, p. 683) limit the group to sectional subgeneric rank respectively.

Micranellum crebricinctum (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs, in, 11. IIA)

Caecum crebricinctum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 655; Reprint, 1872, p. 98. 141; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., vol. Ill, p. 215; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. 28; Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 6Z\ Tryon, 1886, vol. VIII, p. 218,
pi. 67, figs. 71; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 7Z\ Dall, 1892. Wagner Free Inst.
Sci. Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. I, p. 300. Arnold, 1903, p. 298, pi. VIII, fig. 10

Caecum magnum "Stearns" Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 219, pi. 67, fig. 83 fide
Dall, 1892; Arnold, 1903, p. 298, pi. VIII, fig. 16 young fide Willett, 1937, San Diego
Soc Nat. Hist, Trans., vol. VIII, no. 30. p. 399

Micranellian crebricinctum (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1920, Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol.
X, p. 568; Dall, 1921, p. 149; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 45; Grant and Gale,
1931, p. 779; Bailey, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 190; Keen, 1937, p. 40;
Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 38, 40, 41 ; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol.
Sur., Prof Papers 207, p. 69; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci. Proc,
ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 196

Caecum {Micranellum) crebricinctum Carpenter, Abbott, 1954, p. 147, fig. 37 m

nASTROPODA 175

"Large, with aspect of Elephantnlnin, but very fine close annular sculpture; plug sub-
ungulate. 8-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). To her copy the following
lines should be added :

"State Collection, no. 388."

"Hab. San Diego, 8-10 fms., 12; Alonterey, 20 fms., 20, some alive; Santa Barbara, 20
fms., 3 Cooper.

"Has the aspect, but not the sculpture, of an Elcphantulum." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 216]

The syntypes (two specimens) in the U. S. National Museum arc on an original Car-
penter glass mount with an original label "State Coll. 388".

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14930

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, south to
San Martin Island, Lower California (Baker). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd,
1925; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; W'oodring, Bramlette, and Kew) ; Mexico (Dall, 1892;
Jordan, 1926)

Family Potamididae
Genus Cerithidea Swainson, 1840

Cerithidea Swainson, 1940, Treatise of Malacology, p. 198, 203, 342; Bequaert, 1942,
Johnsonia, no. 5, p. 1 ; Nautilus, 1942, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 20

Type species by subsequent designation, Pilsbry and Harbison, 1933, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 85, p. 115 C. obtusa Lamarck, 1822, Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert.,
vol. 7, p. 71 = C. lineolata Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834, Cuvier, Animal Kingdom,
Mollusca, pi. 14, fig. 4 as Melania =: C. truncatinn Griffith and Pidgeox, Cuvier, Ani-
mal Kingdom, Mollusca, p. 596. Recent. Indo-Malayan

Cerithidea hegewischii albonodosa Carpenter
(PI. 20, fig. 19)

Cerithidea albonodosa Carpenter, in Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc.,
p. 205; Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 228, 283, 325, 351; 1860,
Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 4 ; 1864b, p. 667; Reprint, 1872, p. 153 var. maaatlaniea;
1863, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 350; Reprint, 1872, p. 186; Reeve, 1866, Conch. Icon.,
vol. 15, Cerithidea, pi. 1, figs, la-b

Cerithidea hcgczvischii albonodosa Carpenter, Berquaert, 1942, Nautilus, vol. 56, no. 1,
p. 25; Smith, M., 1944, Panamic Marine Shells, p. 18; Durham, 1950, Geol. Soc. Amer.,
Alem. 43, p. 120, pi. 2,Z, fig. 19

"C. t. solida, C. varicosae simili, compacta, fusco-purpurea, varicibus et nodulis albis,
fasciis spiralibus intensioribus saepe ornata ; anfr. XII parum convexis, sutura impressa ;
liris spiralibus IV. in anfr. penult, et liris creberrimis transversis vix undatis, ad intersec-
tiones nodosis, ornata; varicibus iii, in anfr. ii, apertura, subquadrata, sinu minimo, labio baud
expanse ; operculo subplanato, nucleo mucronato, anfr. plurimis indistinctis, fusco, ad
marginem tenuissimum diaphano.

"Long. .8, long. spir. .57, lat. .Z2, div. 20°.

"Hab. San Diego ; legit. Dr. Webb. Mus. Gould.

"Known from C. I'aricosa var. Mazatkinica, by the light purplish brown tinge, the colour
of which wears off at the varices and nodules, and by the details of sculpture." [Carpenter in
Gould and Carpenter, 1856, p. 205]

G. L. Wilkins (British Museum) kindly furnished the following (Personal communica-
tion) :

"We do not appear to have the specimen figured by Reeve, which is larger than that
selected by Carpenter as the type on pp. 205-6, P.Z.S. 1856 but there is one that approximates
to it (17 mm. in length). The label fits very well and runs C. albonodosa Carp. San Diego
Dr. Webb and is from the Cuming Collection. If this does not prove to be the type it is
probably a reliable paratype and may have been sent to Cuming by Gould."

The authorities of the British Museum have cooperatively furnished a photograph of the
specimen mentioned. The writer selects the specimen as the lecotype of this species. No other
authentic type material has been found.

Lectotype. — British Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology, no. 1950.11.9.2.

Distribution. — Recent San Diego, California (type) ; San Diego, California, Magdalena

176 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIRKD RV P. P. CARPENTER

Bay, and Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California (Bequaert). See Table 2 for stratigraphic
distribution.

Faniilj' Ci-:KiTiinn.\K
Genus Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847

Bittit07t Leach in Gray, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, p. 270

Type species by subsequent designation, Gr.ay, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XV,
p. 154; Mxircx reticulatus Montagu, 1803, Testacca Britannica, p. 272 = B. reticulatum
(da Costa), 1778, British Conch., p. 117, pi. 8, fig. 13. Living. Europe. Harmek, 1918,
Palaeont. Soc, 1916, LXX, p. 414, pi. XLI, figs. 1-3

Subgenus Semibittium Cossmann, 1896

Scmibittmn Cossmann, 1896, Cat. Illus. Coq. Fos. Env. Paris, app. 2, Soc. Roy. Malacol.

Belgique, vol. XXXI, p. 29
Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1906, Essais Paleoconch. Comp., vol. 7,

p. 138; Ccrithium canccllatum Lamakck, 1804, Ann. du. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., t. 3, p. 437;

Lutetian Eocene. France. Deshayes, 1837, Desc. Coq. Fos. Env. Paris, t. II, Atlas, pi.

LIII, f^gs. 26-29; Cossmann, 1896, Cat. Illus. Coq. Fos. Env. Paris, app 2, pi. IX,

figs. 7-8

Bittium (Semibittium) armillatum (Carpenter)
(PI. 22, fig. 10)

Bittium armillatum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539, 613, 655; Reprint, 1872, p. 25, 99, 141; 1866.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 276; Reprint, 1872, p. 323; ? Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; ? Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Condi., vol.
VI, p. 63 Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p.
195 doubt the record; Trvox, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 158 list only

Bittium {Semibittium) armillatum (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
40, p. 391, pi. 52, fig. 6 type; Ball, 1921, v>. 146; Van Winkle [Palmer], 1921, Bull.
Amer. Paleont, vol. VIII, no. 36, p. 4; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 25, pi. 76, fig. 6
type same as Bartsch, 1911 ; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 762; Keen, 1937, p. 30; Burch,
1945, no. 54, p. 28, 31 ; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof.
Paper 207, p. 68; pi. 34, fig. 6 includes B. piirpurem; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Califor-
nia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 195 doubt Cooper's record of Monterey see
above.
"Same aspect [aspcrum] : 3 nearly equal rows of knobs." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following should be
changed in that copy :

Page 26, 3d line, last word, delete last "ta."

Add : _

"Hab. S. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. (Jezvctt). S. Pedro, S. Diego (Cooper).

"The scultpure resembles Cerithiopsis ; but the columella is pinched, not notched." [Car-
penter, 1866b, p. 276]

Bartsch enumerated the details of the shell characters of this species and figured a syn-
type. The label of that syntype is as follows: "Pleistocene Sta. B. Jewett." Oldroyd included
Bartsch's notes in her work. There is a well-preserved syntype in the Redpath Museum la-
belled, "type fossil. Sta. Barbara". A photograph of that specimen is included herein.

Woodring (in Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew) suggested that B. purpureum is a living
form of B. armillatum, and that B. armillatum does not occur in the Recent.

Dimensions. — Length 9.5 mm.; diameter 3.2 mm. (syntype) (Bartsch); length 11 mm.;
greatest diameter 3 mm. (syntype, Redpath Museum.)

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15653; Redpath Museum, no. 4851

Distribution. — Pleistocene. Santa Barbara, California (type) ["two miles from the coast
and 150 feet high."] ; (Bartsch; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew). Recent.
Santa Barbara and San Pedro, California, south to San Martin, Lower California (Baker;
Burch).

Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum Carpenter

Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 141 ; 1865, Jour, de Conchy-
liol., vol. XIII, p. 142, Reprint, 1872, p. 310; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

GASTROPODA

177

California, p. 28; 1870, Amer. Jour. Couch., vol. \'I, p. 63; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch.,
vol. IX, p. 153, pi. 30, fig. 8

Bittunn quadrifilatnm Carpenter, Arnold, 1903, p. 293 in part, pi. IX, fig. 2

Bittiuiit (Scrinbittiutn) attcuuatum (Carpenter), Bartsch. 1911, U. S. Nat. Miis., Proc., vol.
40, no. 1826, p. 393, pi. 54, figs. 1, 2, 5 tyi>es ; Dall, 1921, p. 146; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Pa-
get Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 141 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 21, pi. 78, figs. 1, 2, 5 same
as Bartsch, 1911; Grant and Gai.e, 1931, p. 762; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells,
(Keep), p. 193; Keen, 1937, p. 30; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 23, 30; Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 67, 68; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 195

Bittium filosum ? var. csuricns Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 628, 655; Rci)rint, 1872, p. 23, 114,
141; 1865, Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 181; Reprint, 1872, p. 283; 1865,
Tour, (le Conchvl. vol. 13, p. 142; Reprint, 1872, p. 310; Cooper. 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll..
Geol. Sur. California, p. 2^ Trvon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 153, pi. 30, fig. 16

Bittium (Sfyliditiin) attcnuatum Carpenter, Abbott, 1954, p. 156

"Like starved filosum, very narrow, adult scarcely sculptured." [/>'. var. csuricns, Carpen-
ter, 1864b, p. 655]

"Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out csuricns, with threads instead of grooves." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 655, B. attcnuatum]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865g) of B. attcnuatum. Correct
her copy as follows :

Last line, read .31 for 31 ; read .11 for 11.
Add:

". . . div. 18°.

"Hab. Monterey. Taylor. — X^gpai, gay^ ^^jcra;;.

"Je n'ai vu qu'un seul echantillon en bon etat de cette espece. Elle a la taille du B. plica-
turn, A. Ad., mais la sculpture de la base est diflferente. [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 143, B. attemm-
tum]

"B. t. 'B. filoso' simili, sed multo minore. graciliore, interdum valde attenuata ; sculptura t.
juniore ut in 'B. filoso', sed t. adulta subobsoleta ; interstitiis hand insculptis. Long. .27, long,
spir. .19, lat. .085, poll. : div. 25°

"Hah. Neeah Bay, Sivan Sta. Barbara, Jczvett. — Monterey, San Pedro, Cooper.

"Bien que j'ai vu beaucoup d'individus de cette forme, et un plus grand nombre encore du
B. filosum, Gld. (= Turritclla Esclirichti, Midd. =r Acirsa Eschrichti, Adams, Genera), je
ne puis decider avec une certitude complete si c'est une veritable espece, ou seulement une
variete degradee et. pour ainsi dire, affamee (csuricns) du B. filosum, qui d'ailleurs. ne varie
pas. Comme le B. filosum, qui. d'ailleurs. ne s'ctend pas aussi loin au sud. il est probable que
les echantillons californiens doivent etre consideres comme distincts. tandis que les individus
de la region Vancouverienne pcuvent etre reunis au B. filosum. Tous les individus qu'on a
envoyes etaient tres — roules." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 142, B. (? var.) csuricns]

Bartsch presented a detailed description and figured the syntyi>es of B. attcnuatum, as well
as the holotype of B. csuricns Carpenter, which he regarded as a young individual of B.
attcnuatum. This opinion appears reasonable from the illustrations. The writer includes orig-
inal descriptions for completeness.

Dimensions. — Length 10.2 mm., 8.8 mm. ; diameter 3 mm., 2.9 mm. respectively (syntypes,
B. attcnuatum^.

Types. — U. S. National Museum, syntypes. B. attcnuatum, no. 15584; holotype, B. csur-
icns, no. 14832. Lectotype. no. 15584 (Bartsch, 1911. pi. 54, fig. 5; selected by Woodring in
Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 68)

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California; Neah Bay, Washington (type localities).
The syntypes from different localities have been deposited together without locality differ-
entiation. Therefore, even if one of the two specimens were chosen as lectotype. the proper
locality cannot be attached. Forrester Island. Alaska, to San Diego. California (Dall). Pleis-
tocene. California (Bartsch, Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and
Kew )

Bittium (Semibittium) purpureum (Carpenter)
Cerithiopsis purpurea Carpenter, 1864. p. 537, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 23. 146; 1865. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 397; Reprint, 1872, p. 287; Tryon, 1887, Man Conch.,
vol. IX, p. 171, pi. 35, fig. 43; WiLLiA^rsoN, 1892, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol. XV, no.
898, p. 210

178 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY V. P. CARPENTER

Rissoina purpurea Carpenter, 1867, Geog. Cat. !Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29 ; Cooper,
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65

Bittium (Sei)iihittiuiii) purpurcum (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Xat. Mus., Proc, vol.
40, p. 391, pi. 52, figs. 1, 3 syntype ; Dall, 1921, p. 146; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p.
26, pi. 76, figs. 1, 3 syntype same as Bartsch, 1911; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells,
(Keep), p. 193, Keen, 1937, p. 31 ; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 28, 31; Woodring, Bramlette,
AND Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 68; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci.. Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 195
"Stained with purple: nodules fine: base finely lirate." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). The measurements
given by her should be corrected to read, "Long. .29, long. spir. .19, lat. .1, div. 20°."
The following line should be added to make the copy complete :

"Hah. Sta. Barbara (Jcwctt) ; Monterey, San Diego {Cooper)!' [Carpenter, 1865i, p.
397]

Bartsch analyzed the characters of the species and distribution and included a figure of
one of the four syntypes. Those specimens have the label "Monterey Sta. B." It is, tlierefore,
impossible to select the type locality from the specimens.

Dimensions. — Length 7.2 mm.; diameter 2.5 mm. (syntype) (Bartsch)

Syntypes. — U. S. National IMuseum, no. 14823

Distribution. — Monterey and Santa Barbara, California (types) ; Monterey to San Diego,
California (Dall)

Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum (Carpenter)

Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 141

f Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1865, lour, de Conchyliol., vol. XIII, p. 143; Reprint,
1872, p. 311; Cooper, 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; 1870, Amer.
Tour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 63; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX. p. 153, not pi. 29, fig.
91; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 72; Williamson. 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 15. p. 205, pi. XXI, fig. 4; ? Arnold, 1903, p. 292-294 in part, pi. IX, fig. 2 = 5. at-
temiatum

Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum (Carpenter), Bartsch. 1911. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 40, p. 398. pi. 58, figs. 2 (type), 3; Dall. 1921, p. 146; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. Ill, pt. II,
p. 24, pi. 73, fig. 4 same as Williamson, 1892, pi. 79. figs. 2 tvpe. 3 same as Bartsch,
1911;Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 762; Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells, p. 193, fig. 171
after B.a.rtsch ; Keen. 1937, p. 31 ; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 29, 31 : Woodring, Bramlette,
AND Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 67 not Pleistocene; Smith and
Gordon, 1948. California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI. no. 8, p. 196

Bittium (Styliditim) quadrifilatum Carpenter, Abbott, 1954, p. 156

"Broad: 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling over strong radiating ribs." [Carpenter,
1865g. p. 143]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865) of this species. There are
many typographical errors in her copy ; the following corrections should be inserted :

Line 2, insert question before "sinistrali" ; line 3, delete the comma after "normalibus"
and insert "7"; line 4, correct 15 to 16; line 6. read "angustis" for "sagustis" ; line 8, read
"labio parvo" for "libio parvulo" ; line 9, read .26 for 26, .18 for 16, .09 for 9; add div. 25°."

The following lines should be added to make the copy complete :

"Hah. S. Pedro, Cooper. — S. Diego, Cassidy.

"Dans cette espece et dans quelques autres tres voisines, les B. asperum et B. armillatum.
par cxemple, le nucleus, est tres — different de celui des Bittium typiques. II est probable
qu'elles n'appartiennent pas au mcme genre." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 143]

Bartsch discussed this species and illustrated the holotype. That specimen according to the
label was collected by Cooper at San Diego. This does not coincide with Carpenter's state-
ment that the San Diego specimens were collected by Cassidy and that Cooper's specimen
came from San Pedro. Therefore, one cannot tell whether the locality or the collector on the
label is incorrect or whether the confusion was made by Carpenter in his description.

Dimensions. — Length 7 mm.; diameter 3 mm. (holotype) ; length 11.5 mm.; diameter 3.6
mm. (from Bartsch; specimen figured by Bartsch).

Holotype.— \J. S. National Museum, no. 14849 (14935)

GASTROPODA 179

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Monterey, California to San Ignacio
Lagoon, Lower California (Dall). Cooper (1888), Arnold, and Bartsch report the species
from the Pleistocene (Arnold in Pliocene, fide Grant and Gale), but Woodring (Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew) limited the species to the Recent.

Bittium (Semibittium) rugatum Carpenter

Bittium rugatum Carpenter, 1864h, p. 539; Reprint, 1872, p. 25; 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 276; Reprint, 1872, p. 323; Arnold, 1903, p. 295, pi. IV, f^g. 11

Bittium (Semibiftiiiiii) rugatum (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
40, p. 397, pi. 56, figs. 4 type 5; Dall, 1921, p. 146; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 23;
Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 762; Keen, 1939, p. 31 ; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 29, 31 ; Wood-
ring, Bramlette and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 67, pi. 29, fig. 19

Bittium asperum "Gabb," Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 153 in part, pi. 30, fig. 7 =
B. rugatum copy from Reeve, 1865, Conch. Icon., vol. 15, Cerithium, pi. XIX,, fig. 140.

Bittium asperum Carpenter, 1864, p. 613, 655, Reprint, 99, 141 ; 1865, Jour, de Conchyl., vol.
XIII, p. 143; Reprint, p. 311 ; 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XVII. p. 276; Re-
print, 1872, p. 323; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; William-
son 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 15, no. 898, p. 205 Cooper

Not Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861, Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc, vol. 13, p. 368; Arnold, 1903, p.
291, in part

"Same aspect: [B. quadrifilatuin] upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint keels over less
prominent ribs. Bch. — 40 fm. Cp." [B. asperum, Carpenter, 1864b, p. 655]

"B. testa B. quadrifilato forma, magnitudine, et indole simili, sed sculptura intensiore ;
eodem vertice nucleoso abnormali ; sed, vice filorum, costulis spiralibus costas spirales super-
antibus, subnodulosis ; t. jun. costulis ii, anticis majoribus, alteris minimis; postea plerumque
IV subaequalibus, interdum iii. interdum aliis intercalantibus ; sculptura basali intensiore;
costis radiantibus subarcuatis. ? = Turbonilla aspersa, Gabb, in Proc, Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila-
delphia, 1861, p. 368.

"Flab. Sta. Barbara, fossil in Pleistocene beds; abundant (Jcwett). S. Pedro, San Diego,
Catalina Is. 30-40 fms. (Cooper), State Col. no. 591c.

"Mr. Gabb informs me that his Turbonilla aspcra is a Bittium. Unfortunately the tj'pe is
not accessible ; and as the diagnosis would fit several closely allied species, it cannot be said
with precision to which it rightfully applies. As this is the commonest of the group, it is pre-
sumed that it is the 'Turbonilla' intended. Should the t3'pc, however, be recovered, and prove
distinct, tiiis shell should take the name of B. rugatum, under which I wrote the diagnosis,
and which was unfortunately printed in the Brit. Assoc. Report, p. 539. The fossil specimens
are in much better condition than the recent shells as yet discovered." [B. f asperum Car-
penter, 1866b, p. 276]

Bartsch published a detailed description and illustrations, including a figure of the holotype
of this species.

Measurements. — Length 12 mm. (holotype); length 10.5 mm.; diameter 3.5 mm.; speci-
men figured by Bartsch.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 7154

Distribution. — Pleistocene (lower) : Santa Barbara formation, Santa Barbara, California
(type "two miles from coast and 150 feet high," Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539; Arnold; Oldroyd,
1925; Bartsch; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew); Mexico,
(Jordan, 1926). Recent. San Pedro and Catalina Island, California (Dall), to Todos Santos
Bay, Lower California (Jordan)

Subgenus Lirobittium Bartsch, 1911

Lirobittium Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 40, no. 1826, p. 384

Type species by original designation, B. (L.) catalinense Bartsch, 1907, Smith, Misc., Coll.

(Quart.), vol. 50, pt. 4, p. 28, pi. 57, fig. 13; Recent and Pleistocene. California. Bartsch,

1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 40, no. 1826, pi. 51, fig. 1

Bittium (Lirobittium) interfossa (Carpenter)

Rissoina interfossa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 142 not as Rissoa
as stated by Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat Mus., Proc, vol. 40, no. 1826, p. 401 and Oldroyd,
1927; Carpenter 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 217; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29 ; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64 ; Tryon,
1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 392; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 65

Cerithiopsis fortior Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 660: Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 146; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 397; Reprint, 1872, p. 287; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,

180 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY V. P. CARPENTER

Geol. Sur. California, p. 35; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 177 list only; ? Wil-
liamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 210; Bartsch, 1911, U. S.
Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 40, no. 1826, p. -401 .synonyniou.s with B. intcrfossa; Grant and
Gale, 1931, p. 760 under B. intcrfossa

Bitthim (Lirobittium) intcrfossa (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat./ Mus., Proc, vol.
40, p. 401, pi. 51, figs. 2 (type), 6; Ball, 1921, p. 147; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p.
30, pi. 75, figs. 2 type, 6 same as Bartsch, 1911 ; Keen, 1937, p. 31 ; Burcti, 1945, no. 54,
p. 28, 32; WooDRi.NT,, Bra^h.ette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p.
67, 68; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 195

Bittiuni (Lirobittium) intcrfossum (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 760; Baily,
1937, West Coast Shells, (Keep), p. 194; Abbott, 1954, p. 156

"With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

"R. t. satis magna, crossa, alba, satis turrita, conspicue sculpta ; marginibus spirae rectis,
vertice mamillato; anfr. nucl. ? . . [detritis] ; norm. VII tumidis, angulatis, suturis angulatim
impressis; carinis spiralibus validis, in spira ii. ; altera postica interdum intercalante ; anfr.
ultimo dualbus quoque periplicrialibus, quinta axim circumeunte ; costis radiantibus validis,
extantibus, circ. XIV., ad suturas contigiiis, liris regularibus spiram asccndentibus, ad inter-
sectiones carinarum nodulosis, ad peripheriam continuis ; interstitiis quadratis, alte infossatis ;
apertura ovata.

"Long. 0.26, long, spin 0.18, lat. 0.10; div. 28°.

"Hab. Catalina Js. 8-10 fm. 4; San Diego 1; Monterey, (var.) Cooper." [Carpenter,
1866a, p. 217]

"Sculpture open; strong basal rib." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660, C. fortior]

"C. testa C. purpurcac simili, sed sculptura multo fortiore, basi pallide; scriebus nodulorum
spiralibus testa adolcscente ii., postea iii. ; costis radiantibus circ xiii., interstitiis niagnis ;
costis suturalibus validis, subnodosis ; costa basali valida.

"Long. .3, long. spir. .2, lat. .11, div. 26°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen {Jeivett)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 397, C. fortior]

The type of C. fortior has not been found.

Bartsch discussed the shell characters in detail and illustrated the holotype and a more
mature and less eroded specimen from tlie type locality. The holotype has the label "387a
type Catalina Id. Cooper." This label coincides with Carpenter's description (1866) and veri-
fies the authenticity of the type. Oldroyd reprinted Bartsch's discussion^'L

Dimensions. — Length 6.2 mm. (holotype) ; length 8.3 mm. ; diameter 3.1 mm. ; specimen
figured by Bartsch

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 224860 [Early California State Geol. Sur., no.
387a]

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Alonterey to San Diego, Cali-
fornia (Dall). Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan, 1926) ; California (Woodring, Bramlette and
Kew)

Bittium (Lirobittium) munitum (Carpenter)

Cerithiopsis munita Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 146; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3. vol. XV, p. 32; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 35; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 172, pi. 35, fig. 42; Williamson,
1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 210

Bittium {Lirobittium) inunitiim (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
40, p. 404, pi. 53, figs. 1, 2, syntypes ; Dall, 1921, p. 147; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 144; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 33 ; Keen, 1937, p. 31 ; Burgh,
1945, no. 54, p. 28, 32; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVI, p. 195

"Stout: strongly sculptured: l)asc evenly ril)bc(l." | Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]
Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). The measurements

in her copy should be corrected as follows :

Read .34 for 34; read .24 for 24; road .11 for 11 ; <ielete "pell."
Add:

"div. 20°."

"Hab. Neeah Bay; common (.S"7('(7;/)." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 32]

^'^ The no. 56906 whicli Oldroyd gave as the type number is not tliat of the type but of the
second specimen which Bartsch figured. (See Bartsch, p. 401, 402.)

GASTROPODA 181

Bartsch enumerated the shell characters and illustrated two of "ten" syntypes. At present
in the U. S. National Museum there are 12 specimens in the lot which have a label, "type
Neeah [sic] Bay Wash. Swan."

Dimensions. — Length 7.8 mm.; diameter 3 mm.; length 7 mm. (syntypes) (Bart.sch)

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15501 a and b

Distribution. — Neah l^ay, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Cambria
Pines, California (Burch)

Family Alabinidae
Genus Alabina Dall, 1902

Alabina Daxl, 1902, Nautilus, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 217 substitute for Elachista Dall axd Simp-
son, 1901, Mollusca of Porto Rico, U. S. Fish. Comm., Bull., vol. 20, pt. 1, p. 427

Elachista Dall and Bartsch, 1901, Nautilus, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 58; Not Elachista Treit-
SCHKE, 1933, see Neave (1939-1940) for reference

Type species by original designation, Bittium ccritliidioidc Dall, 1889, Mus. Com. Zool.,
Bull., XVIII, p. 258; 1892, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Philadelphia, Trans., vol. Ill, pt. II,
p. 276, pi. 16, fig. 8. Recent. North Carolina to West Indies. Pliocene. Florida

As Woodring (1928, p. 338) pointed out, the name Alabina was supposed to be a substi-
tute name, but a different type was chosen for it from that of the genus for which it re-
placed. It would seem that if the type species of Alabina is not congeneric with Elachista, the
latter lacks a substitute name ; or if Alabina is a substitute name, the type species of Elachista
should become the type species of Alabina.

Dall (1923, p. 3) stated that Alabina Dall. 1902 = Fcnclla [Finella] A. Adams (1860, p.
336) not Westwood (1840, p. 54 see Neave 1939-1940).

Alabina tenuisculpta (Carpenter)

(PI. 20, figs. 13, 14)

Mesalia tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 655 : Reprint. 1872, p. 98, 141 ; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 73
? Me.mlia tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 216
Alabina tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 39, no. 1790,

p. 415, pi. 61, fig. 6; Dall, 1921, p. 145; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 14, pi. 96, fig.

6; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells, (Keep), p. 193; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burch, 1945, no.

54, p. 27; Abbott, 1954, p. 158
Fcnella tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Dall, 1923, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, p. 3 corrections to

Bull. 112

"Very small, slender, whirls rounded, lip waved. Shoalwatcr. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.
655]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following changes
should be made in her copy.
"Delete "poll."

. State Collection no. 666a.
. div. 15°.

"Hab. S. Diego; 4-6 fms. 15, alive. Cooper.
"Intermediate in character between Mesalia and Fcnella." [Carpenter,1866a, p. 216]

Bartsch described the species in detail and included an illustration which is probably a
drawing of the holotype. There is no indication in Bartsch's text as to what specimen the
figure refers.

The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum and is labelled "San Diego, Cooper."
Holotype.— IJ. S. National Museum, no. 14933 [not no. 40933 as in Bartsch, 1911]
Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; San Pedro, California to Magdalena
Bay, Lower California (Dall) ; Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, p. 67)

Alabina turrita (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, fig. 12)
Stylijeritta turrita Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 143; 1866, California,
Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. Ill, p. 219; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. 31 ; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 286

182 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Alabtna hirrita (Carpenter), Rartsch. 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 39, pi. 62, fig. 4
tvpe; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 16, pi. 95, fig. 4 (type), same fig. as Bartsch,
1911, see also Aclis; Keen, 1937, p. 29 see also under Aclis; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 27
see also under Aclis

Aclis (? Aclis) turrita (Carpenter), Ball, 1921, p. 120; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 83,
Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1945, no. 53, p. 17

"Minute, slender, base rounded." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]

Carpenter's description (1866) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following changes
should be made in her copy.

Line two, p. 17, read space between "labro" and "posticc"
Add :

". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. S. Pedro, Cooper.

"A single specimen of this tiny siicll was found in the shell-washings of Dr. Palmer's con-
signment. The mouth is unfortunately choked up with a grain of coarse sand which I have
not been able to extract." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 219]

Bartsch gave a description of this specimen and illustration of the holotype. The holotype
is mounted on the original glass mount of Carpenter with Carpenter's original label, "Type
S. Pedro."

The holotype has seven whorls plus the nuclear whorls. The nuclear whorls are pinkish.
The specimen is white with the basal part of body whorl yellowish brown. The sutures are
impressed. The aperture is filled with sediment. This condition was described by Carpenter.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15566

Disfrihufion. — San Pedro, California (type) ; San Pedro to San Diego, California
(Burch)

Family Cerithiopsioae
Genus Cerithiopsis Forbes and Hanley, 1853

Cerifhinfysis Forbe.s and Hanley, 1853^2 Hist. British Moll., vol. Ill, [1851 temr>orary title]

p. 364
Type species by monotypy C. tnhcrcnJaris (Montagu), A'Iontagtt, 1803, Testacea Britannica,

pt. 1. p. 270 as Mnrcx. Recent. Western Europe. Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi.

35, figs. 20, 22-25, 27

Cerithiopsis columna Carpenter

Cerithiopsis columna Carpenter, 1864b. p. 613. 628. 660; Reprint. 1872, p. 99, 114. 146; 1865,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 32; Reprint. 1872. p. 245; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 35; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 67; Keep,
1887, West Coast Shells, p. 48; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 171, pi. 35, fig. 21 ;
Bartsch. 1911. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 40, no. 1823, p. 354, pi. 2,6, fig. 6 type; D.\ix,
1921, p. 144: Oldroyd. 1924, Pub. Pugct Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4. p. 139; 1927, vol. II,
pt. II, p. 273. pi. 68, fig. 6 type same as Bartsch, 1911, Batly. 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 195; Keen, 1937, p. 32; Burch, 1945, no. 54, p. 19 under inccriac scdis: Smith
and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 195
"Very tall : nodules close, like strung figs." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]
The republication of Carpenter's description (1865) has been included by Oldroyd (1927).

The following changes should be made in her copy :

I-inc 4: read supra for suprc ; last line: .1 for 1 ; delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 10°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay; several worn specimens {Szvan) : Monterey; rolled fragment of larger
shell (Cooper).

"Easily recognized, even in portions, bv the 'strung-fig' pattern."— [Carpenter, 1865a, p.
32]

Bartsch discussed this species in detail and illustrated the holotype. There is one speci-
men labelled, "type Neeah Bay W. T. J. G. Swan."

Dimensions. — Length 9.2 mm. ; diameter 2.6 mm. (holotype) (Bartsch").
Holotype. — U. S. National Muscimi, no. 14823b

82 See Sherborn (1922, p. LI\') fur dates of volumes and pages.

GASTROPODA 183

Distribution.- — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; \^ancouver Island to Monterey Bay, Cali-
fornia (Dall)

Genus Diastoma Deshayes. 1850

Diastoma Deshayes, 1850, Traite elem. Conch., Expl. plates. Atlas, p. 46; Cox, 1942,
Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 25, pt. 3, p. 95

Types species, Mclania costulata Lamarck, 1804, Ann. du AIus., t. 4, p. 430; 1806, t. 8, pi. 60,
2, a, b. Lutetian Eocene. Paris Basin. Desh.a.ves, 1864, Descrip. An. sans Vert., t. 2,
p. 413 CossMANN, 1906, Essais Paleonconch. comp., liv. VII, pi. IV, figs. 18-19

Diastoma fastigiatum (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs. 20, 21)

Bittium fastigiatum C.xrpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 655; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 141: 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 181 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 283 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 28; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 158 list only
Diastoma fastiqiatum (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 39. no. 1803,

p. 581, fig. 1; Dall, 1921, p. 144; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 10, pi. 7i, fig. 1 same

as Bartsch, 1911; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 758; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Burch, 1945,

no. 54, p. 26

"Small, slender: apex normal: sutures indented, anterior rib strong." [Carpenter, 1864b,
P- 655]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865). The following changes
should be made in her copy :

Last line: for 25 read .25; for 19 read .19; for 09 read .09; delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jczvctt)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 181]

Nothing in Carpenter's writings of this species indicates that the type was a fossil.
Carpenter's statements concerning the habitat refer to the species as of the Recent. This is
particularly indicated (1864, p. 655) in the column of localities of the species. After B.
aspcnmi and B. armillatum, fs is attached to the Santa Barbara symbol. This symbol is not
attached to the localities of B. fastigiatum. Bartsch (1911) presented a composite drawing
of two specimens in the U. S. National Museum collected by Col. Jewett from Santa Barbara
and quoted by Bartsch as from the "Lower Pleistocene." Dall, Oldroyd, Grant and Gale, and
Burch followed Bartsch and repeated the Pleistocene age as original. Bartsch is the authority
for such an age based on his examination of U. S. National ^Museum specimens, which are
not types. If the type were found and determined to be fossil such a type locality would be
valid.

Photographs of two specimens which were ideally figured by Bartsch are included herein.
They are labelled "Sta. Barbara Jewett". They are not marked types. The type of this species
has not been found. Oldroyd's statement about the type should be corrected as to place and
number.

Specimens figured. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16256^3

Di.s'tributioit. — Santa Barbara, California (type) ; San Pedro, California (Strong in
Burch)

Family Epitoniidae

Genus Epitonium Roeding in Bolten, 1798

(Scala Humphrey, 1797,^* Scalaria Lamarch, 1801)

Epitonium Roeding in Bolten, 1798, Museum Boltenianum, pt. 2, p. 91 ; Wixckworth, 1945,
Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 26, pts. 4, 5, p. 136-148; p. 139

Type species by subsequent designation, Suter, 1913, Man. New Zealand AIoll., p. 319; Turbo
scalaris Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1237 = Scalaria pretiosa Lamarck, 1819,
Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert., vol. VI, pt. 2, p. 226. Living. Western Pacific. Tryon, 1887,
Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi. 11, fig. 31 ; Durham, 1937, Jour. Paleont., vol. 11, no. 6 pi 56
fig. 1

83 Not 162561, as in Bartsch (1911, p. 582) and Oldroyd (1927, p. 11)
8* Names in Humphrey, 1797, are not accepted by Int. Rules Zool. Nomen., Opin. Rend.,
no. 51.

184 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY T. P. CARPENTER

Epitonium cumingii (Carpenter)

Scalaria Cumingii Cakpentkr, 1856, Zoo!. Soc. London, Proc, p. 165; 1857, Rept. British
Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1856, p. 284, 336; 1860, Sniitli. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 10 Mexi-
can and Pananiic Province; 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 146 San Diego;
Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Siir. California, p. 34

Scala cumingii (Carpenter), Orcutt, 1915, Jilolluscan World, p. J'i

Not Eglesia cumingii A. Adams, 1850, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 204

The type locality of this species is Panama. Although Carpenter reported the species from

San Diego, Cooper questioned that occurrence, and the species is not included at present in

the list of upper California fauna. Orcutt (1915) gave the range from Monterey to Panama.

The discussion will be included in the report on the types of the Carpenter species from the

Panamic area.

Subgenus Nitidiscala de Boury, 1909

Nitidiscala de Rourv, 1909, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. LVII, p. 257

Type species bv original designation Scalaria uiiifasciata Sowerby, 1847, Thes. Conch., vol.
1. p. 98, pi.' XXX 1 1 1, fig. 68. Recent. West Indies. Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX,
pi. 14, fig. 55

"Epitonium (Nitidiscala) crebricostatum" (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs. 27, 28; Pi. 22, fig. 11)

Scalaria crchricostata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 146; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 222; Cooper, 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur^ Cali-
fornia, !>. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 67; Tuvox, 1887, Alan. Conch., vol.
IX, p. 84; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rcpt. California State Min. Bur. p. 263. Not S. (Funio)
crebricostata Stanley (jArdnek, 1876, ref. fide Dall, 1917

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) crebricostatum (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Mus. Proc, vol. 53,
no. 2217, p. 478; 1921, p. 115; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station vol. 4,
p. 108; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 61; Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc Nat. Hist., Trans., vol.
\T, no. 7, p. 188; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 858; Baily, 1935, West Coast Moll. (Keep),
p. 180; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 29; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 191 Monterey rec doubted.
"Mus. Cum. no. 32: 15 sharp reflexed ribs, coronated against the sutures." [Carpenter,

1864b, p. 660, Monterey and San Diego]

Oldroyd republished Carpenter's descrii)tioii (1866). The following changes should be
made in her copy :
Line 5 : delete mm.
Add:

". . . State Collection 393.

". . . div. 26°

"Hah. Monterey, San Pedro, Cooper, common.

"= "Scalaria, unique" Mus. Cum. no. 32.

"Somewhat resembles S. tenuis, Sby., but is not so turrited." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 222]

If Carpenter's remarks (1864) are accepted as the original description, specimen no. 32
in the Cumings Collection, British Museum, is the holotype of this species. On inquiry in
regard to that specimen, the authorities of the Mollusca Section, (G. L. Wilkins, Feb. 21,
1950, personal communication) British Museum (Natural History), furnished the following
information :

"A search of the larger number of si)ecimens in the B. M. collection has revealed a speci-
men labelled 'crebicosta' Cpr. California Mus. Cuming. This label is considered to be a
'lapsus-calumni' for crchricostata Coo])er, but unfortunately the specimen has no number, only
a portion of the original label having been preserved, and, although several counts have been
made, only 12 ribs appear to be present.

"In spite of the above rather disapiwinting details this shell seems to have the most likely
claim to originality."

Through the courtesy of the British Museum (Natural History), a photograph of the
above shell (B. AT. 1950.3.29.1) is included herein.

The British Aluscum specimen corresponds in size, character of ribbing, shape, and
number of varices ([11]-12) with those of the labelled "type" in the U. S. National Museum.
The ai)ex, however, is preserved in the British Museum shell.

GASTROPOnA

185

There are two specimens, U. S. National Museum, no. 14831, labelled "Monterey Cooper
type." The apex of each specimen is missing. One of the specimens is figured herein. It has

11 varices, whereas the other individual has 12 varices. Both shells have the horny operculum
in place. Both specimens measure : length 9 mm. ; greatest diameter 4.5 mm. These measure-
ments approximate that of the British Museum shell : length 8.7 mm. ± ; greatest diameter
3.6 mm. ±.

In regard to the type depository, Oldroyd merely stated the no. [393] of the original Cali-
fornia State Collection as given by Carpenter (1866). The early state numbers, if still re-
tained, help to verify the authenticity of a type but do not indicate where the specimen might
be at present or its modern number. Most of the original California State types are in the
U. S. National Museum. Strong (1930) examined a lot in the University of California
collection labelled "Epitonium crebricostatum Cpr., Cooper collection" and determined them
as specimens of E. tinctum, except one single shell with a larger number of varices, which
he thought might be the young of another species.

A summary of the characters of available "type" sources yield only specimens which are
at variance with Carpenter's descriptions. They are as follows. —

Type locality. — The type locality is consistently mentioned as Monterey, with San Diego
or San Pedro (Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; 1866, p .222, Monterey, San Pedro; Cooper,
1867, Monterey to San Diego; 1870, Monterey to San Diego; 1888, Monterey to San
Diego). Yet Smith and Gordon (1948), following Strong (1930), did not include the species
from Monterey. Smith i_in Burch, 1945), however, does admit that he has "one or two
shells from Monterey that might possibly fit the requirements. . . ." The British Museum
shell is labelled "California" only.

Varices. — Carpenter's description, 15 varices. U. S. National Museum, no. 14831, 11 and

12 varices; British Museum, 12 varices.

Measurements.— Cdir\)Q\\ieT (long. 0.7; lat. .18) = length 17.71 mm.; diameter 4.55 mm.
U. S. National Museum no. 14831, each: length 9. mm.; diameter 4.5 mm.; British Museum
shell : length 8.7 ± mm. ; diameter 2.6 ± mm.

To choose a lectotype from the above specimens would mean that the Carpenter descrip-
tions would be disregarded, and an analysis of the species would then be redrawn on the
basis of the lectotype. In that case the species would probably be regarded as synonymous
with E. tinctum or a form of the same.

If one takes Carpenter's notes at face value, the species is unknown and the riddle of its
description unsolved. If the species is valid biologically, its presence is probably lurking
under identifications of E. indianorum or E. tinctum. In that case specific separation would
involve a selection of a neotype. The choice would best be made by one who is familiar with
large suites of West Coast Epitoniums.

Until the name of this form has a firmer foundation than at present the writer sees no
authority for type locality or range. Cooper, Arnold, and Oldroyd (1925) catalogued the
species from the Pleistocene of California. The earlier authors apparently believed they
knew what the species was and differentiated it from E. indianorum and E. tinctum.

Type. — Uncertain

Specimens figured. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14831; British Museum (Natural His-
tory), no. 1950,3.29.1

Distribution. — Uncertain

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) fallaciosum Dall, 1921 =

E. hindsii Keep. 1911 = E. tinctum Carpenter, 1864, 1865

Not Scalaria Hindsii Carpenter, museum label Smithsonian Inst., no. 46222 "San Pedro,

P.P.C." = E. cooperi Strong, by lectotype selection, Woodring, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 45,

no. 1, p. 31
Not Scalaria Hindsii Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., p. 165 ; 1857, Rept. British

Assoc. Sci. 1856. p. 284, 336
Epitonium hindsii Keep, 1911, West Coast Shells, p. 183, fig. 174 by designation, Dall, 1921

= E. tinctiim Carpenter fide Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VI, no. 7,

p. 193

186 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Not Epitonium jallacwsum Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 53, no. 2217, p. 478

nomen lutdum
Epitonium {Kitidiscala) jallaciosum Dall, 1921, p. 115 designated Keep, 1911, p. 183, fig.

174; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 59 in part; Strong, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 45, no. 2,

p. 70
Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tinctum Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VI, no. 7,

p. 193 in part; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 859 in part; Bailv, 1935, West Coast Sliells

(Keep), p. 180, fig. 153 same as Keep, 1911, fig. 174
Not Epitonium jallaciosum Woodring, 1931, Nautilus, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 31 = /:. coopcri

Strong, 1930, p. 196 expl. fig. 7 paratype

The points of the question of the validity of E. jallaciosum Dall (1917, p. 478) are clearly
and adequately enumerated by Strong (1931 p. 70). Authors must agree with Strong that
Dall (1917) did not give an adequate description of E. jallaciosum. Dall plainly stipulated
why he was giving a new name and to what in general, but he did not give a description,
figure, or type. Therefore, the name is a nomcn )iudum in 1917. The writer agrees with
Strong that Dall's "well-known form from California which has 11 to 14 varices" would not
help in differentiating the species. Certain critical points of the history of E. jallaciosum are
repeated. The specific name is included herein, because its identification is associated with
two of Carpenter's species, E. hindsii and E. tinctum.

Certainly in Dall's first mention of E. jallaciosum (1917) the name is a nomen nudum.
But Dall (1921) specified a description and illustration of the species when he gave the
reference to Keep (1911, \). 183, Fig. 174). This reference satisfies the rules of nomenclature
(Art. 25a and Opinion no. 1 and validates the specific name from Dall (1921, not 1917).
This may change the original meaning of Dall (1917), but since that usuage may have
applied to Carpenter's museum label it has no status under tlic International Zoological Code
(Opinion no. 1).

Woodring's (1931) designation of the museum specimen which Dall probably had in
mind would not validate the species because it would lack a description .and figure. In this
case Woodring designated a specimen which had been, subsequent to Dall's (1917) invalid
mention of E. jallaciosum, included under and figured as a paratype of a new species E.
cooperi by Strong (1930, p. 194, PI. 20, fig. 7). But Dall had already (1921) validated his
species by a different selection. The specimen of Keep (1911, Fig. 174) is the holotype of
E. jallaciosmn Dall (1921). Keep's description is included herein:

"In Figure 174 is shown the beautiful shell of Epitonium hindsii, Cpr., (Scala hindsii),
the white Wentletrap.

"It is pure white in color, very delicate, and is generally less than an inch in length. The
whorls are very distinct, finely rounded, and each one is crossed by about twelve thin, sharp
ridges. These shells are so highly prized that they have been worn as the drops of ear-rings.
. . . The white Wentle trap is found on the southern shores of California."

Strong Ix^lieved that E. jallaciosum Dall (1921, not 1917) is equivalent to E. tinctum
Carpenter (1864, 1865). From a comparison of the illustration of the lecotype of E. tinctum
with Keep (1911, Fig. 174) this view would seem to be justified.

Holotype. — Specimen of Keep (1911, Fig. 174), whereabouts unknown

Distribution. — Southern California (Keep)

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) indianorum (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs. 23, 24)

Scalaria indianorum Carpenter, 1864b, 628, 660, 683; Reprint. 1872, p. 114, 146, 169; 1865;
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 31; Reprint, 1872, p. 244; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 67 ? fide
Smith and Gordon; Sowkkhv /); Reeve, 1873, Conch. Icon., vol. 19, Scalaria, ? pi. XI,
fig. 81 ; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 70, ? pi. 14, figs. 48 copy Reeve, 1873,
Conch. Icon., vol. 19, pi. XI, fig. 81 ; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 50; Cooper, 1888,
7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 263

Scala itidianorum (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no.
898, p. 210; Arnold, 1903, p. 264, pi. V, fig. 4

Epitonium ( Nitiacscala) indianorum (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
53, no. 2217, p. 477; 1921, p. 115; Oldrovd. 1924, Pub. Pugct Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4,
p. 107; 1927, vol. II, ])t. II, p. 57; Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc Nat. Hist., vol. VI,

GASTROPODA

187

no 7 p 186, 192, pi. 20, figs. 1, lectotypc. 2a, 2b; Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 859; Baily,

1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 180; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Durham. 1937, Jour.

Paleont. vol. 11, no. 6, p. 487, pi. 56, fig. 14; Burch, 1945. no. 52. p. 24, Zl ; Smith and

Gordon. 1948, California .Acad. Sci., Proc.. ser. 4, vol. XXVj, p. 191 ^
Epitomum {Gyroscala) indianorum (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 165

". . . Between Tiirfonis and communis: like "Georgettina, Kien. Mus. Cum. no. 34,
Brazil." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's original description (1865) of this species. The
following corrections and additional lines should be made in her copy :

Last line: read 8 for .08; delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 28°.

"Hah. Neeah Bay {Sivan) .

"Strung as ornaments by the Indian children. Intermediate between S. communis and S.
Turtonis, and scarcely differs from 'S. Georgettina, Kien,' Mus. Com. ho. 34, Brazil." [Car-
penter, 1865a, p. 31]

The type material is in the U. S. National Museum and consists of five specimens (one a
fragment of a body whorl). The label reads "Neeah Bay J. G. Swan." The specimen figured
by Strong (1930) as type is apparently the same specimen as figured herein (PI. 20, fig. 23).
Another specimen of the type group is figured herein (PI. 20, fig. 24). The apices of all the
specimens are gone. All specimens are white and slightly worn. The varices vary respectively,
15 in the largest specimen, 10 varices on the next largest, 14 varices on the next, and 11 on the
smallest individual. Therefore, the number of varices might vary from 10 to 15. if all the
specimens are retained in the species. The maximum number is the same as in Carpenter.

Strong (1930) presented the details in regard to this species, as well as the other West
Coast species of NitidiscaJa.

Types. — Lectotype and paratypes : U. S. National Museum, no. 15521

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Todos

Santos Bay, Lower California (Dall). Plei.stocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925;

Waterfall, 1929; Grant and Gale; Durham; Willett, 1937). Pliocene. California (Martin,

1916; Waterfall, 1929; Grant and Gale; Durham). Miocene. California (Durham)

Rpitonium (NitidiscaJa) subcoronatutu (Carpenter)

(PI. 22, figs. 12, 13)

Scalaria subcoron<ita Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint 1872, p. 99. 146; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci. Proc, vol. Ill, p. 221 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. West Coast, Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; Cooper. 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI. p. 67; Trvon,
1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 84

Epitonium (NitidiscaJa) subcoronata (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc.. vol.
53 no 2217, p. 478 SpiniscaJa: Dall. 1921, p. 115; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 107; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 58

Epitonium (NitidiscaJa) tinctum (Carpenter). Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist..
Trans., vol. VI, no. 7, p. 187, p. 193 in part. pi. 20, fig. 4 type; Grant and Gale. 1931,
p. 859 in part; Keen. 1937. p. 35; Durham. 1937, Jour. Paleont, vol. 11, no. 6. p. 488;
Burch. 1945, no. 52, p. 28
"Like young communis, with more and sharper ribs, faintly coronated when adolescent."

[Carpenter, 1864, p. 660]

Carpenter's description (1866) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following lines

should be added to make that copy complete :

". . . State Collection, no. 393a

". . . div. 38°.

"Hab. Monterey; Cooper.

"Like 5". communis, jun., but with the upper whorls slightly coronated." [Carpenter, 1866a,

p. 221]

Delete "mm." in the Oldroyd copy.

The holotype of this species is in the U. S. National Museum. It is labelled "type
Monterey Cooper." The holotype has been figured by Strong (1930) as well as herein. The
species is regarded as synonymous with E. tinctum Carpenter.

188 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIKKD BY V. P. CARPENTER

Hohlypc.—U. S. National Museum, no. 148,30h (15732). TIic nunilxT in StronR (1930,
p. 196, expl. Fig. 4) should be corrected from "13830b" to "14S30b."

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type) ; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to San
Diego, California (Dall)

Epitonium (Nitidoscala?) tiara (Carpenter)

Scalaria tiara Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 164; 1857, Rept. British Assoc.

Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 284, Z2,6; 1860. Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 10 Mexican and

Panamic province; 1864b, p. 624; Reprint, 1872, p. 110

Epitonium (Nifidiscala) tiara (Carpenter), Dalt., 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,

no 2217, p. 480; 1921, p. 115; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 59; Strong, 1930, San

Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. VI, no. 7, p. 190; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Burch, 1945,

no. 52, p. 30

This species described from Panama was listed by Dall from Catalina Island, California,
to Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, with a "?" as to Panama. Burch also regarded the
species from the San Diego and Catalina area.

G. L. Wilkins (Oct. 17, 1950. personal communication) informed the writer that there
are:

"Three specimens of this shell in the Cuming Collection one of which agrees with the
size given in P.Z.S. 1856. The locality given for the three is 'Matxlam' and not 'Panama' (In
Sinu Panamensi) as in the P.Z.S. It is quite possible that the small one is the type, the other
two, with a different locality being added by Cuming later. It is well known that he was
careless in such matters."

Type. — Not found

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter)

Scalaria ? Indianorum var. Carpenter, 1864b, 613; Reprint, 1872, p. 99. For additional

synonymy and notes, see E. tinctum Carpenter, subheading
Scalaria subcoronata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613. 660; Reprint. 1872, p. 99, 146. For additional

synonymy and notes, see E. subcoronatum subheading
Epitonium hindsii Keep, 1911, West Coast Shells, p. 183, fig. 174 = E. fallaciosum Daix,

1921, p. 115 not E. jallaciosum Dall, 1917. For additional synonymy and notes, see E.

fallaciosum Dall, 1921, subheading

So that the details of each of the names of the above may be more easily analyzed, the
writer kept them under separate subheadings. All the data should be combined under the
species E. tinctum (Carpenter).

Types — E. tinctum, s.s.: holotype not found; kctotypc, U. S. National Museum, no.
19510. E. subcoronatum Carpenter: holotype, U. S. National Museum, no. 148301); /t. fal-
laciosum,'DaW, 1921: Keep, (1911, Fig. 174)

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type, E. tinctum, s.s.) ; Vancouver Island,
B. C, (as E. sJibcoronatimt to Gulf of California (E. tinctum, s.s.). Pleistocene. California
(Cooper; Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; Durham); Mexico
(Jordan, 1926). Pliocene. California (Cooper, 1888; Grant and Gale; Durham)

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter)

Scalaria ? Indianorum var. Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613; Reprint, 1872. p. 99

Scalaria ? var. tincta Carpenter. 1864b, p. 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 146

Scalaria (? Indianorum, var.) tincta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660, 665; Reprint, 1872, p. 146,
151; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 31; Reprint, 1872, p. 244; Cooper,
1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI,
p. 67; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 70, pi. 14, fig. 49

Scala tincta Arnold, 1903. p. 265 in part. p. 265, pi. V, fig. 3 = Epitonium (Nitidiscala)
cooperi Strong, 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. IV, no. 7, p. 194

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tincta (Carpenter), Dall. 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,
no. 2217, p. 477; 1921, p. 115; Oldroyd, 1927. vol. 11. pt. IT, p. 58; Strong, 1930, San
Diego Soc Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. IV. no. 7, p. 186. p. 193 in i)art, pi. 20. fig. 3; Grant
AND Gale, 1931, p. 859 in part; Bailv, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 180, fig. 153

GASTROPODA

189

same fig. as 5*. hindsii in Keep, 1911, p. 183, fig. 174 = E. fallaciosum Dall, 1921; Keen,
1937, p. 36; Durham, 1937, Jour. Paleont., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 488; Burch, 1945, no. 52,
p. 27

". . . Purple-brown behind: like regidaris, without spiral sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 660]
"S. ? Indianorum costis acutis, haud reflexis anfractibus postice fuscopurpureo tinctis.

"Hab. Cerros Island (Ayres) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).

"The Lower-Californian shell may prove distinct. It is like S. rcguluris, Cpr., but without
the spiral sculpture." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 31]

The holotype of this species has not been found. Oldroyd's statement that the type (origi-
nal) is in the U. S. National Museum is not correct. If other conditions are equal, the type
locality depends on whether one accepts Carpenter's (1864b) lines as adequate and the
original description. If so, Lower California or San Diego would be the type locality. Car-
penter's (1865) description adds "San Pedro." He did not give measurements. Strong (1930)
figured the specimen, U. S. National Museum, no. 19510, which had been collected by Cooper
from San Pedro and suggested that this specimen might be the one Carpenter had available
(1865). This deduction seems reasonable, and in lieu of a holotype or other syntypic ma-
terial this specimen is the proper shell to be chosen as a lectotype. The writer therefore
chooses U. S. National Museum, no. 19510 (Strong, 1930, PI. 20, fig. 3) as the lectotype of
E. tinctum Carpenter. Durham (1937) would have had to go through the same process of
selection to have determined the type locality as San Pedro.

Strong discussed this species thoroughly as to characters and literature. He figured the
lectotype, and a figure is therefore not included herein.

Dimensions. — Length 10.5 ± mm.; greatest diameter 4.5 mm. ± (lectotype. Strong)

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 19510

Distribution. — San Pedro, California (type, E. tinctum) ; Monterey, California, to Gulf
of California (Dall)

Subgenus Asperiscala de Boury, 1909

Aspcriscah de Boury, 1909, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 57, p. 258

Type species by original designation, Scalaria bellistriata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660. Recent.
Monterey to San Diego, California. (PI. 20, fig. 25, 26.)

Epitonium (Asperiscala) bellistriatum (Carpenter)
(PI. 20, figs. 25. 26)

Scalaria bellistriata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 146; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., vol. Ill, p. 221; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur California, p. 34;

1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 263 ; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol.

IX, p. 84
Scala hcllastriata (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 15, no. 898,

p. 209; Arnold, 1903, p. 263, pi. IX, fig. 17; Cossmann, 1912, Essais de Paleoconchologie

Comp., liv. 9, p. 28, pi. II, figs. 42, 50 section Asperiscala
Epitonium (Asperiscala) bellastriata (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.

53, no. 2217, p. 475; 1921, p. 114 Asperoscala [sic] ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 55

Asperoscala [sic]; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 857; Baily, 1935 West Coast Shells

(Keep), p. 179; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Durham, 1937, Jour. Paleont., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 489;

Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 22, 23; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 190

"Shape like prciiosa, jun. ; ribs very close, spinous at shoulder, crossed by spiral riblets."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following changes should
be made in her copy :

Delete "poll," last word.

Add:

". . . div. 40.° . . . State Collection, no. 393, b.

"Hab. Monterey, a fragment: San Diego, 1; San Pedro, 3; Cooper.
"So different in sculpture from S. pretiosa and other species with which it agrees in shape,
that there will be no difficulty in recognizing perfect specimens." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 221]

190 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

There is a broken specimen in the U. S. National Museum which was labelled "type?
Cooper." Some later investigator added "?" in pencil and marked it "paratype." However,
the first specimen mentioned by Carpenter was a "fragment" from Alonterey, which would
coincide with the U. S. National Museum specimen. The syntypcs from San Diego and San
Pedro have not been found.

Arnold's figure is a good representation of tlie species.

Lcctotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14831b

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Monterey to San Diego, California
(Dall). Pleistocene. s'' California (Cooper; Arnold; Grant and Gale; Willctt, 1937)

Genus Opalia H. and A. Adams, 1853
(Psyclirosoiiia Tapparone — Canefri, 1876.)

Opalia H. and A. Adams, 1853, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. I, Nov., p. 222. Clench and Turner,

1950, Johnsonia, vol. 2, no. 29, p. 231 selection of type species of Psyclirosoiiia Tapparone-

Canefri, 1876
Type species by subsequent designation, de Boury, 1886, Mon. Scalidae Viv. Fos., i)t. I,

Crisposcala, p. XXV, Opalia australis Lamarck, 1843, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., vol. IX, p.

76. Recent Australia. Sowerby in Reeve, 1874, Conch. Icon., vol. 19, Scalaria, pi. 1, fig. 3;

Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi. 16, fig. 90; Durham, 1937, Jour. Paleoiit., vol. II,

no. 6, pi. 56, fig. 2

Opalia evicta de P.oury
(PI. 20, fig. 22)

Opalia pltiricostata Carpenter, ms : Dall, 1917 = O. evicta de Boury, 1919, Jour, de

Conchyl., vol. LXIV, p. 36
Scala (Cirostrenia) [sic] montereycnsis Dall, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 20, no. 11, p. 128. For

remainder of synonymy of this species see Berry, 1948, Jour. Ent. Zool., vol. 40, no. 1,

p. 15, fig. 1-5 ; BuKCH, 1948, no. 79, p. 5. Not S. hcllcnica montereycnsis de Bouky, 1889

nor Epitonium monterycnsc Dall, 1917 = S. rcyionwntana Dall in de Boury, 1919
Opalia pluricostata Berry, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 42 no description; Dall, 1917,

U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53, no. 2217, p. 473 museum label of Carpenter; not O.

pluricostata de Boury, 1913, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 61, p. 97
Scalaria {Opalia) ezncta de Boury, 1919, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 64, p. Z6 not vol. 44, as in

Dall, 1921, or Berry, 1948; Strong, 1937, Nautilus, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 4, 6, pi. 2, fig. 11 ;

Keen, 1937, p. 43 ; Burch, 1948, no. 79, p. S
Epitonium {Opalia) evictum (de Boury), Dall, 1921, p. 114; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II,

p. 52; BuRCH, 1945, no. 52, p. 17

Three specimens of this species labelled "Opalia Imrcalis var. pluricostata Carpenter types
Neeah [sic] Bay, W. T. J. G. Swan," are in the U. S. National Museum. They are the
specimens used by Dall when he described the species.

The name was one given by Carpenter on a label or in manuscript. A photograph of one
of the syntypes has been co-operatively provided by the U. S. National Museum (Smithsonian
Institution) authorities.

Oldroyd republished De Boury's remarks concerning tlie history of the trivial name.

It has been suggested by Strong (1937; in Burch, 1945) that this name is synonymous
with O. montereycnsis (Dall)86 (1907; 1917, p. 477 not p. 481) in that the type of the latter
is young Opalia evicta. Berry (1948) after a restudy of the names and six^cimens involved
agreed that O. evicta is an immature O. montereycnsis. For further notes regarding that
species see Berry. This discussion is only to incorporate the portion concerning the manu-
script name of Carpenter.

The name Scalaria montereycnsis was first used by De Boury in 1889 (1919, p. 39) as a
variety" of "S." hellinca Forbes (1844) which he later separated as a distinct species. Dall

s'' Species not recorded by Durham (1937) is oversiglit. Durliam, Oct. 2, 1950, personal
communication.

86 Dall (1907, p. 128 as Cirsotrenia; Strong, 1937, p. 7, PI. 2, fig. 12 type)

GASTROPODA 191

applied the name to a West Coast "Scala" (1907) and later to another species from the same
region (1917).^^ The Epitonium montereyense Dall (1917, p. 481) was renamed S. [ =
Rpitoniiiiu] rcgiomontana Dall in De Boury (1919) (Keen in Burch, 1945, p. 31). This name
is not accounted for in Berry (1948, p. 15), nor is the fact that E. montereyense Dall (1907)
is preoccupied by that of De Boury (1889). Fortunately the name of Opalia evicta de Boury
is available and to which the species may remain listed, the same as in Dall (1921, p. 114).
Dimensions. — Length 16 mm.; diameter 5 mm. (Dall)

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum no. 23397 (Dall, no. 56054), O. pliiricostata Dall
Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type, O. pliiricostata) ; Forrester Island, Alaska,
to Magdalena Bay, Lower California (Dall)

Subgenus Dentiscala de Boury, 1886

Priilisrala de Boiirv, 1886, Afonographie des Scalidae vivante et fossilcs, I, pt. 1. p. XXI
Type species by monotypy, D. crcnata (Linnaeus), 1758, Syst. Nat., p. 765 as Turbo. Living.
Mediterranean and Atlantic, Tryon, Man. Conch., 1887, vol. IX, pi. 16, fig. 97; Clench
AND Turner, 1950, Johnsonia, vol. 2, no. 29, pi. 100, fig. 4; pi. 101, figs. 1-3

Opalia (Dentiscala) insculpta Carpenter
(PI. 22, figs. 4, 5)

Opalia (? crcnatoides, var.) insculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539, 619, 660; Reprint, 1872,

p. 25, 105, 146; 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 275, 277; Reprint, 1872,

p. 322, 324; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. _Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1888. 7th Ann.

Rept. California State Man. Bur., p. 255
Dentiscala crcnatoides (Carpenter), Cossm.\nn, 1912, Essais de Paleoconchologie Comp.,

9 liv., p. 90 should have been var. insculpta
Epitonium (Dentiscala) insculpta (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, V. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,

no. 2217; p. 473; Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1930, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4,

vol. XIX, p. 48; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 855 D. insculptnm
Dentiscala insculpta (Carpenter), Van Winkle [Palmer], 1921, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol.

VIII. no. 36, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 10, 11 holotype
Epitonium insculptum (Carpenter), Willett, Nautilus, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 10
Epitonium crcnimarginatum Dall, Willett, 1938, Nautilus, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 10
Opalia (Dentiscala) insculpta (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 18; Burch, 1947, no.

74, p. 24; Abbott, 1954, p. 162

"Like the C. S. L. form and crcnata. but ribs closer, without spiral sculpture, sutural holes
behind the basal rib." — [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

"O. testa O. crcnatoidei simili ; sed costis radiantibus pluribus, XIII — XVI, in spira
validis anfr. ult. obsoletis ; sculptura spirali nulls ; punctis suturalibus minus impressis, circa
fasciam basalem laevem postice, non antice continuis.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, I sp. (Jezvett).

"Very closely related to O. crcnatoides, now living at Cape St. Lucas, and, with it, to the
Portuguese O. crcnata. It is quite possible that the three forms had a common origin." [Car-
penter, 1866h, p. 277]

The exterior of the shell of this type has been worn away except in the sutural region,
hence the exact character of the longitudinal ribs cannot be described. However, prominent
impressions of each reveal 14 ribs on the whorls.

This specimen has an original label which reads, "Drawn by Sowerby for the SI."

Dimensions of type. — Length 14 mm. ; greatest diameter 7 mm.

O. crenimarginata (Dall) (1917c, p. 473) is thought, particularly by Strong (Baker,
Hanna, and Strong, 1930 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948) to be a synonym of the fossil, O. in-
sculpta Carpenter. This combination is the basis of the range in the Recent fauna from
"Monterey [?] to Puerto Libertad, West Mexico," for O. insculpta. Those who are familiar
with the Monterey shells doubt the existence of the species in that area (Smith and Gordon,
1948. p. 190).

The holotype of O. insculpta is so badly worn that the writer questions Carpenter's au-
thority for stating that there was no spiral structure. O. insculpta has 14 longitudinal ribs,

^" Dall (1917, p. 481) not same Epitonium as on page 477 = Opalia pliiricostata Cpr. ms.
Dall (1917) = Scalaria (Opalia) evicta de Boury (1919).

192 MARINE MOLLUSCA DliSCRlBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

whereas 0. crenhnarginaia lias only 12. If the two forms are the same the description of such
ribs in the species should be increased to include the larger number.

Holotype. — Paleontological Laboratory, no. 4950, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Distribution. — Pliocene — Pleistocene, Santa Barbara formation, Santa Barbara, California
(type). Recent. O. crcnimarginata Dall, Monterey?, California, to Puerto Libertad, west
Mexico (Dall, modified by Willett and by Strong)

Subgenus Nodiscala de Boury, 1889

Nodiscala DE Boury, 1889, Boll. Soc. Malacologica Italiana, vol. XIV, p. 168
Type species bv original designation, Scalaria bicarinata Sovverry, 1844, Zool. Soc. London,
Proc, p. 30. Living. Philippines. Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, pi. 17, fig. 28

Opalia (Nodiscala) bullata Carpenter

^ O. (Nndi.smla) stonpios-a Cari)cntcr, which see

(PI. 22, f^g. 6)

Opalia bullata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 660; Reprint. 1872, p. 23, 146; 1865, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 397; Reprint, 1872, p. 287; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 35; Orcutt, 1915, Moll. World, p. 38
Not Scalaria bullata Sowerby, 1844. Zool. Soc. I^ndon, Proc, p. 27; 1843, Thes. Conch.,

vol. I, p. 94 bis, pi. XXXIV, fig. 87. Not an Opalia.
Scalaria (Psychrosoma) Crosscana Tapparone-Canefri, 1876, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. 24,

p. 154; Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 84 Psychrosoma, p. 50 = Opalia.

"Shape of Rissoina: with sutural bosses: no basal rib." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

"O. testa minore, alba, subdiaphona, turrita, gracili ; marginibus spirae _ subrectis ; tota
superficie minutissime et creberrime spiraliter striolata ; vertice nucleoso declivi, celato ; dein
anfr. ii., globosis, radiatim baud sculptis ; dein v. normalibus, pianatis, suturis vix impressis ;
lirulis radiantihus circ. XXVI., baud nisi in anfr. primis c-xpressis, circa basim irregulariter
rotundatam ad axim continuis ; seric bullularum sutnralium anfr, primis e lirulis extantibus
formata, postea lirulis hand convcnientibus, anfr. penult, circ. XVII., pianatis, super suturas
parieti appressis, interstitiis baud infossis; basi subangulata, baud costata ; apertura subovali,
sinistrosum subplanata ; peritremate continuo, calloso; labro baud sinuato. Long. .3, long,
spin .21, lat. .09, div. 20°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, one specimen (Jcwctt)." [Carpenter, 1865i, p. 397]

Carpenter (1864b, p. 660) in describing "O. retiporosa" stated that the shell was similar
to O. bullata but was different in sculpture.

The holotype of O. bullata is in much better condition than that of either O. retiporosa
or O. spongiosa. It resembles the holotype of O. spongiosa more than O. retiporosa in the
less angulated whorls.

The holotype is in the Redpatli Museum. It is mounted on glass with the label, "type Sta.
Barbara Jewett."

O. spongiosa has priority in naming (sec under that name). O. bullata is not preoc-
cupied by Scalaria bullata Sowerby, as thought by Tappanone — Cancfri, because Sowerby's
species is not an Opalia.

Holotype. — Redpath Aluseum, no. 76

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type)

Opalia (Nodiscala) spongiosa Carpenter

The holotypes of O. spongiosa and O. bullata appear to represent the same species. O.
retiporosa is defined by a holotype which has the whorls more angulated than the holotyi>es
of the two former names. O. retiporosa has a varix.

O. retiporosa has been placed by workers (Dall, 1917; Oldroyd, 1927; Grant and Gale,
1931 ; Durham, 1937, Smith and Gordon, 1948) in Nodiscala. From a brief survey of species
identified as Dentiscala and Nodiscala^^ and a comparison of the type species one w-onders
about the importance of separating Dentiscala and Nodiscala. Dentiscala has priority. Until
examination of specimens of type species is available the writer retains the species in
(Nodiscala).

88 See Clench and Turner (1950) for a fine series of pictures.

OASTROPOnA 193

Opalia (Nodiscala) spongiosa Carpenter
(PI. 22, figs. 1-3, 6-8)

Opalia spongiosa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 146; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist, vol. XV, p. 13 mention; Reprint, 1872, p. 244; 1866, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc., vol. Ill, p. 222; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870,
Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 67

Scalaria spongiosum (Carpenter), Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 84

Epitonium (Nodiscala) spongiosum (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Miis., Proc, vol.
53, no. 2217, p. 474; 1921, p. 114; Oldkovd, 1927, vol. II. pt. 2, p. 53; Keen, 1937. p. 35;
BuRCiT, 1945, no. 52, p. 19, 21 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,
ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 190

Opalia retiporosa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 146; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., vol. XV. p. 31 mention; Reprint, 1872, p. 244; 1866, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, vol. Ill, p. 222; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 35

Scalaria retiporosa (Carpenter), Tryon, 1887, Alan. Conch., vol. IX, p. 84

Epitonium (Nodiscala) retiporosa (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
53, no. 2217, p. 474; 1921, p. 114; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. 2, p. 54; Baker, Hanna,
and Strong, 1930, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XIX, p. 45, pi. 2, fig. 3; Grant
AND G.\LE, 1931, p. 855; Keen, 1937, p. 35; Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 19, 21; Smith and
Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 190

Opalia (Nodiscala) retiporosa Carpenter, Durham, 1937, Jour. Paleont., vol. 11, no. 6,
p. 505, pi. 57, fig. 19

Epitonium spongiosum Carpenter, Willet in Burch, 1943, no. 20, p. 13 = E. retiporosiim.
See also O. bullata Carpenter

"Like small, very slender granulafa: surface riddled with deep punctures in spiral rows."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660, 0. spongiosa]

Carpenter's description (1866) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following changes
should be made in her copy :
Last line : delete "poll."
Add:

'\ . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Monterey, Cooper. From shell washings.

"The solitary specimen has the general aspect of O. granulosa on a very small scale."
[Carpenter, 1866a, p. 222, O. spongiosa]

The holotype of "O. spongiosa" is in tlie U. S. National Museum. It is labelled "type
Cooper Monterey."

There are microscopic punctations over the whole shell. The apex on the holotype is gone.
On the upper three whorls there are longitudinal ribs which extend the length of the whorl ;
on the next whorl the ribs do not extend the full length of the whorl, and they become less
conspicuous in length on the lower whorls. The ribs have the appearance of being tucked in
at the suture.

"Sculpture in network, with deep holes. 40 fm. d.r. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660, O.
retiporosa]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following typographical
errors and additions should be made to make the copy complete :

Line 2 : add question mark after "nucl." ; line 6 : read "retiporosa" for "retriprosa" ; last
line: delete "poll", add "div. 20°

Add:

"State Collection no. 1014

"Hab. Catalina Island ; 3 dead in 40 fm. ; Cooper.

"The texture has a rotten appearance ; yet one of the specimens was stained with purple,
and contained the dried remains of the animal, with its operculum. In the endeavor to extract
this, the shell gave way." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 222, O. retiporosa]

The holotype O. retiporosa is in the U. S. National Museum The label reads, "Type
Catalina Cooper." The type is not at the University of California, as surmised by Grant and
Gale from the original data as presented by Oldroyd, nor is it lost, as suggested by Durham.

194 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRTBED V,Y P. P. CARPENTER

The holotype, as may be seen from the pliolograph, is badly worn with the body whorl
broken. The break was occasioned by Carpenter as mentioned by him. The specimen has fine
punctations like "E. spongiosum" , but it has fairly strong longitudinal ribs. Inside the
aperture the surface is flecked with bluish purple. This condition was noted by Carpenter.

A comparison made of the holotypes of O. spongiosa and O. retiporosa convinces one that
the two forms are synonymous. This is in agreement with the collecting data and opinion
of workers (Willett; Strong; Burch) that only one species exists. O. bullata is similar to
O. spongiosa.

The writer arranged the data on each name separately, so that the facts could be evaluated
more readily. In the original references the name and description of both species are on the
same page. O. spongiosa is mentioned first in all cases, so that name has priority over O.
retiporosa. In the original reference, it is also mentioned before O. bullata Carpenter. O.
bullata was given a more detailed description by Carpenter (1865), before that of the other
two names (1866).

Types. — U. S. National Museum, holotype, "O. spongiosa," no. 14830; holotype, O. reti-
porosa, no. 11843

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California ( tyi)e, "O. spongiosa" ; type, O. retiporosa,
Catalina Island); off Oregon coast in 50 fatlioms, to Lower California (Dall). Pliocene
(Moody, 1916)

Family Eulimidae (Melancllidae)
Genus Balcis Leach in Gray, 1847

Balds Le.\ch in Gray, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, p. 271

Type species by monotypy Winckworth*^, 1934, Jour. Conch., vol. 20, no. 1, p. 13, Balcis
Montagui = Helix polita Montagu, 1803, Test. Britannica, vol. II, p. 398 = B. alba
(da Costa), 1778, Brit. Conch., p. 116 as Stroinbifonnis albus. Living. Northern Europe.

Balcis compacta (Carpenter)

Eulima compacta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 145; 1866, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 221 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p.
34; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 278; Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila-
delphia, Proc, vol. 51, p. 255, 256, pi. XI, tigs. 11, 12

MelancUa (Mclanella) compacta (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
53, no. 2207, p. 314, pi. 2,7, fig. 3 lectotype

Melanella compacta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 118; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 77, pi.
40, fig. 3 .same as Bartsch, 1917, lectotype; Keen, 1937, p. 40

Balcis compacta (Carpenter), Burcii, 1945, no. 53, p. 6, 8, 11; Berry, 1954, Bull. Amer.
Paleont, vol. 35, no. 151, p. 4

"Small, with blunt spire and elongated base." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659, locality between
San Diego and San Pedro]

Oldroyd (1927) rci>ul)lis]ic(l Cari)enter's (lcscri])li()n (1866). The following clianges should
be made in her copy :

Line 1 : read "tereti" : for "tcrti," : last line : delete "pull."
Add:

". . . div. 22°.

"Hah. San Pedro; Cooper.

"A single dead shell was found in Dr. Palmer's consignment." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 221
(? var.)]

Bartsch gave a complete discussion and illustration of the lectotype. The syntypes bear
the label, "Type Cooper San Pedro." There are two specimens.

Dimensions. — Length 6.8 mm.; diameter 2.2 mm. (lectotype, Bartsch)

Lectotype and paratype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 13517b

Distribution. — San Pedro, California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Point Abreojos,
Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. Long Wharf Canyon, Santa Monica (Berry)

^" Two of the three sjiecies listed by W'inckworth are nude names.

GASTROPODA 195

Balcis micans (Carpenter)

Etdima micans Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 613, 659, 683; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 99, 145, 169;
1865 Aug., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 63 ; Reeve 1865, Dec, Conch.
Icon., vol. 15 Eulima, pi. IV, fig. ii; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geo!. Sur. Califor-
nia, p. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII,
p. 272, pi. 69; figs. 29, 30; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898,
p. 209; Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 51, p. 256, pi. XI, figs.
1, 2; Arnold, 1903, p. 269, pi. IX, fig. 12

MclancUa (Mehuclla) uiicaus (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,
no. 2207, p. 303, pi. 34. figs. 1-6 (6 = type)

Melanella micans (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 118 section Eulima; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,
pt. II, p. 74 section Eulima; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 863 section Eulima; Keen, 1937,
p. 40

Melanella (Eulima) micans (Carpenter), Daily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 181,
fig. 154

Balcis micans (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 53, p. 6, 8, 10; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 192; Berry, 1954, Bull. Amer. Paleont, vol.
35, no. 151, p. 4

"S. Diego, Cat. Is., 30-40 fin. (Also Paget Sound, Kcnncrlcy.)" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613]
"Perhaps a small var. of the European poUta. 30-40 fm. living. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p.
659]

A republication of the original description (1865) was included by Oldroyd (1927). The
following changes should be made in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 25°.

"Hab. In sinu Pugetiano specimen juniore Kennerley. Juxta Neeah Bay idem legerunt
Swannii Indianuli. Plurimos adultos viventes inter S. Pedronem et S. Diegonem, in insula
quoque Catalinam piscavit Cooper.

"An Eu. politae varietas Pacifica?" [Carpenter, 1865, p. 63]

Bartsch gave a thorough discussion and figured the holotype of this species. The type was
collected by Cooper at San Pedro.

Dimensions. — Length 9.5 mm.; diameter 3 mm. (holotype, Bartsch)

Holotype. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 14850

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
to Point Abreojos Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper, 1888; Arnold;
Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; Berry, 1954); Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Balcis rutila (Carpenter)

Eulim-a. rutila Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613. 659; Reprint. 1872, p. 99, 145; 1866, Feb., California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 221 ; Reeve, 1866, March, Conch. Icon., Eulima, vol. 15, pi.
V, fig. 2)7; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour.
Conch., vol. VI, p. 67; Tryon, 1886, Alan. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 279, pi. 70, fig. 68 copv
Reevtl ; Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 51, p. 257, pi. XI, figs.
5, 6

Melanella (Melanella) rutila (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,
no. 2207, p. 306, pi. 35, figs. 2 (type), 3, 6

Melanella rutila (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 109

Melanella rutila (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 118 section Eulima Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II,
p. 75, pi. 46, figs. 2 (type), 3, 6 copy Bartsch, 1917, section Eulima; Grant and Gale,
1931, p. 863; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 182 subgenus Etdima; Keen,
1937, p. 40

Balcis rutila (Carpenter), Bl'rch, 1945, no. 53, p. 6, 8, 10; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 192; Berry, 1954, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol.
35, no. 151, p. 4

"Leiostracoid, rosy, base lengthened. Like producta, Maz. Cat. no. 551." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following changes
should be made in her copy :

196 MARINE MOLL use A DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

Line 1: read "tercti" for "terte;" Hue 3: delete "supra sutiiram retrorsum" and insert in
place "et apertura valde prolongatis."
Add:

". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Monterey; Cooper.

"Closely allied to Lciostraca producta, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 551, but displays no varices.
The Eulimidae are very difficult to distinguish, from a few shells alone." [Carpenter, 1866a,
p. 221]

Bartsch gave a complete discussion and illustration of the shell of this species. The holo-
type is labelled "Monterey."

Dimensions. — Length 6.8 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. (holotypc, Bartsch).

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14928

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Forrester Island, .Maska, to Mag-
dalena Bay, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Bartsch; Berry)

Balcis thersites (Carpenter)

EuUma Thersites Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 659 small "t" ; Reprint, 1872, p. 2Z, 145; 1865,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 396; Reprint 1872, p. 286; Cooper, 1867. Geog.

Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 67; Trvon,

1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 278
Eulima thersites Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 51, p. 255
Eulima lozvei Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 51, p. 254, pi. XI, figs.

9, 10 fide Bartsch, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53, no. 2207, p. 323
Eulima bistorta Vanatta, 1899, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 51, pi. XI, figs. 7,

8 fide Bartsch, 1917
Melanella (Balcis) thcr.ntcs (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 53,

no. 2207, p. 323, pi. 41, figs. 1-3 (2 types) ; Ball, 1921, p. 117; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt.

II, p. 70, pi. 47, fig. 2 type copy Bartsch, 1917, also E. lotvci fig. 1 and bistorta fig. 3 ty])es
Melanella thersites (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 862; Baily, 1935, West Coast

Shells (Keep), p. 181 and subspecies bistorta Vanatta; Keen, 1937, p. 40
Balcis thersites (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 53, p. 7, 9; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 192
Balcis {Vitreolina) thersites (Carpenter), Berry, 1954, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 35, no.

151, p. 4

"Very broad, short, twisted." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's original description of this species. The follow-
ing changes should be made in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 40°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).

"Preeminent for aberration among the distorted Eulimidae. A second specimen occurred
from an uncertain source." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 396]

Bartsch fully discussed this species and illustrated the holotype. He also figured the types
of B. lowei (Vanatta) and B. bistorta (Vanatta) which he regarded as synonymous with
Carpenter's species. The holotypes of Vanatta's species are from Long Beach and Monterey,
California, respectively.

The three forms as illustrated by their types show different degrees of flexing and thick-
ness of the callus of the lips.

Dimensions. — Length 5.1 mm.; diameter 2.5 mm. (holotype, Bartsch)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11795

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to San
Gernonimo Island, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Grant
and Gale; Berry) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

6ASTR0P0t>A

19;

Genus Cythnia^o Carpenter, 1864

(Cythnoa Dall.^i 1924, new name)

Cvthnia Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, June, p. 478 Cythnia; Re-

" print, 1872, p. 218
Type species by monotvpy, C. asteriaphila Carpenter, 1864b, p. 478. Living. Lower Cali-
fornia (PI. 19, figs. 5, 5a)

Cythnia albida Carpenter

(PI. 19, figs. 3, 3a)

Cythna albida Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 613; Reprint, 1872, p. 99; 1866, California Acad.

Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 219
Cithna [sic] albida Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 143 Cythna m index; Cooper,

1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 31
Cythnia albida (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 293; Burch, 1945, no.

53, p. 14
Cythna albida Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 119; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. 2, p. 80; Keen, 1937,

p. 35

"Very close to C. tumens, Maz. Cat. no. 421, but umbilicus angled, not keeled." [Carpen-
ter, 1864b, p. 657]

Oldroyd (1927) reproduced part of Carpenter's description (1866). The following changes
should be made in her copy :

Last line : read "pariete" for "partiete."
Add:

''Long. 0.03, long. spir. 0.015. lat. 0.025, div. 80°.
"Hab. San Pedro; in shell-washings. Cooper.

"Known from C. tumens, Maz. Cat. no. 421, by the non-keeling of the umbilicus." [Car-
penter, 1866a, p. 219]

The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum. It is on an original Carpenter glass mount
in the original vial with the Carpenter label "'Type. Genus 15569 Cythna albida Cpr. S. Diego
Cp."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15569

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type); Southern California; parasitic on starfishes
(Dall)

Family Fossaridae^^

Genus Iselica Dall, 1918

(Isapis H. and A. Adams, 1854)

Iselica Dall, 1918, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. 31, p. 137. New name for Isapis H. and

A. Adams, 1854, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. I, p. 320. Not Isapis Doubleday, 1847, see Neave^^

(1939-1940)
Type species by monotypy Isapis anomala (C. B. Adams), 1850, Cont. Conch., no. 7, p. 109

as Narica ? Recent. West Indies. Clench and Turner, 1950, Occ. Pap. Moll., vol. 1, no.

15, p. 256, pi. 39, fig. 14 lectotype

The sculpture of /. fenestrata Carpenter is remarkably similar in detail to that of the type
species of the genus.

Iselica fenestrata Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 15, 16)
Isapis fenestrata Carpenter, 1864b, Aug., p. 613, 628, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 114, 142;
1864, Dec. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 429; Reprint, 1872, p. 241; Cooper,
1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p.
64; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 65; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
15, no. 898, p. 206; Arnold, 1903, p. 304; Dall, 1921, p. 155, pi. 13, fig. 2; Strong, 1923,

90 Spelling of Carpenter: Cythnia (1864a, June) Cythna (1864b, Aug.) "Cythna A.
Adams," (1866). Spelling of Adams: Cithna (1863, p. 113).

91 Dall (1924, p. 89) . The new name is not necessary.

92 Theile (1929), Wenz (1940), and Aguayo and Jaume (1949) placed Iselica as a sub-
genus of Phasianema S. Wood (1842) and in the family Pyramidellidae.

^^ "Isapis Westwood, 1851," as quoted by Dall is not in Neave (1939-1940). The result is
the same.

198 MARINE MOLLUSC A DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Nautilus, vol. 2)7, no. 2, p. 43; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p.
151 ; 1927, pt. Ill, p. 70, pi. 31, fig. 6 same as Dall, 1921 ; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 783;
Bailv, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 201; Keen, 1937, p. Z7 ; Burch, 1945, no. 55,
p. 16, 18; WooDRiNG, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p.
65, pi. 34, fig. 5. Pleistocene; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser.
4, vol. XXVI, p. 196
Fossarus fcncstrata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX, p. 272, pi. 52, fig. 11
section Isapis

"Like ovoidca, with sharp distant ribs." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656]

Oldroyd (1927) included part of Carpenter's description (1864d) of this species. How-
ever, through typographical errors so much of the Latin description was omitted that it seems
best to copy here the entire description :

"I. testa /. ovoidcac forma et indole simili ; carinis IX. acutis (quarum IV. in spira mon-
strantur) cincta, intcrstitiis duplo latioribus, concinne quadratim decussatis, lirulis radiantibus
acutissimus ; anfr. postice tumentibus, suturis valde excavatis ; peritremate continuo, labro a
carinis pectinato; labio parietem parum attingente, medio calloso ; umbilico angusto. Long. .18,
long. spir. .13, lat. .19, div. 70°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; S. Diego and Sta. Barbara Island (Cooper).

"Dr. Cooper's shells are much smaller than those from the Vancouver district, which are
white and eroded, varying much in the size of the umbilicus." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 429]

The type material includes three specimens labelled "Sta. Barbara and S. Diego." These
are obviously the specimens collected by Cooper. They are not segregated so that one can-
not stipulate the type locality. But it makes tlie California area the type locality in place of
that mentioned first in the expanded description.

Dimensions. — Height 5-f mm.; greatest diameter 3.5 mm. (largest specimen); height 3
mm. ; greatest diameter 2.5 mm. (smallest specimen)

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, nos. 15772 and 15775

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara and San Diego, California (type) ; Puget Sound to
the Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and
Gale; Willett, 1937; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946)

Iselica obtusa (Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 17, 18)

Isapis obtusa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 656; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 142; 1866, California Acad.
Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 217; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 29;
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64; Keep. 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 65; Dall,
1921, p. 155; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 71; Bau^y, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 201; Keen, 1937, p. 37; Burch, 1945, no. 55, p. 16, 18; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4. vol. XXVI. p. 196

Fossarus obtusus (Carpenter), Tryon, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. IX. p. 273, pi. 52, fig. 12
"Whirls [sic] flattened behind: ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b,

p. 656]

Oldroyd (1927) republished a copy of Carpenter's description (1866). The following
changes should be made in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . State Collection, no. 682."

". . . Div. 60°.

"Hab. S. Diego, 10 fm. ; Sta. Barbara, 20 fm. ; Cooper.

"The fortunate discovery of some perfect young specimens displays a nucleus so like Odos-
tomia that, despite the resemblance of the shell to Fossarus, which has a tuberoid nucleus, it
most probably belongs to PyranndclUdae." [Carpenter, 1866, p. 217]

The syntypes consist of four specimens witli a label "10 fm. San Diego Cooper Cotype."

The specimens collected by Hanham (1911, p. 112-114) at Maple Bay, Vancouver Island,
were described as the new variety /. obtusa laxa by Dall (1919c, p. 351).

Syntypes.— \i. S. National Museum, no. 14814 [14936]

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type) ; Puget Sound. Washington, to San Diego,
California (Burch) ; Hanham, (1911) for habitat of /. obtusa laxa Dall).

GASTROPODA 199

Family Hipponicidae
Genus Hipponix^* Defrance, 1819
(Avialfhea Schumacher, 1817 non Rafinesque, 1815)
Hipponix Defrance, 1819, J. Physique, Chimie, Hist, nat., t. 88, Jan., p. 217, figs. 1, a-f
Type species by subsequent designation, Antox, 1839, Ver. Conchyl., p. 28, Patella cornuco-
pias Lamarck, 1802, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., t. 1, p. 311; Eocene. Paris Basin. Coss-
MAXN AND PissARRO, 1910-1913, Icon. comp. Coq. foss. fiocene Env. Paris, t. 2, pi. XH,
figs. 74-1

Hipponix tumens Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 1-3)
Hipponix tumens Carpenter, 1864b, p. SiJ. 541, Monterey, identification questioned, 654; Re-
print. 1872. p. 23. 27, 140; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi.st.. ser. 3. vol. XV, p. 180; Reprint,
1872. p. 282; Cooper. 1867 Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geo!. Sur. California, p. 27 Hippon-vx;
Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 135, not pi. 40, fig. 7; Keep, 187, West Coast
Shells, p. 75 Hipponxx: Arnold. 1903. p. 313; Dall, 1921. p. 161 ; Strong, 1923. Nautilus,
vol. i7, no. 2. p. 43; Oi.droyd. 1927. vol. II, pt. Ill p. 113; Grant and Gale. 1931. p. 788
see for additional references; Snook and Johnson. 1935, Seashore Animals, p. 536. fig.
596; Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells. (Keep), p. 189; Keen, 1937, p. 2,7; Burch, 1946,
no. 56, p. 10. 11; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper
207. p. 70 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p.
197
Capiilus tumens (Carpenter). Cooper. 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64
Amalthea tumens (Carpenter), Wu.liamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. !Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898,

p. 204
Hipponix subrufus tumens Carpenter, Abbott, 1954. p. 166

"Growth like Helcion : sculpture more open than harhatus." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 654]

The above description was based on material from Monterey, San Diego, San Pedro, and
Santa Barbara Islands.

The following corrections and additions should be made to the copy of Carpenter's de-
scription (1865) as published by Oldroyd (1927) to make that copy complete:

Line 1 : read "rotundata" for "rotundara ;" page 114, line 1 : read "incrementi" for "incre-
mente;" line 3: read .7 for 7; .46 for 46; .33 for 33; delete "poll."

Add:

"div. 90°

"Hah. Sta. Barbara (Jezvctt) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).

"= 'H. ? subrufa + 'Capulus, 213', Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1857, p. 230." [Carpenter, 1865h,
p. 180]

The type material consists of four specimens in the U. S. National Museum labelled, "San
Diego Monterey Sta. Barbara." Largest specimen is figured herein.

Apparently the four specimens were concentrated under the no. 14929 without differentiat-
ing the locality of each specimen. The back of the present label bears numbers 14817b, 15293,
15652, 15715. It is, therefore, impossible to stipulate the exact locality of a lectotype. Oldroyd
mentioned Santa Barbara, probably because it is mentioned first in the description (1865).
Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew (1946) stated that the four specimens above came from Mon-
terey. However, from the condition of the syntypes a selection of type locality would have to
be arbitrary.

Dimnuions, syntypes. — Greatest length from umbo to aperture 18 mm.; height 8 mm.;
greatest diameter of aperture 12 mm. (largest) ; greatest length 5 m. ; height 2 mm. ; greatest
diameter 5 mm. (smallest).

Syntypes.— IJ. S. National Museum, no. 14929 (14817b. 15293, 15652. 15715)

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, Monterey, Santa Barbara Island, (type; syntypes are
not separated as to exact locality of each) ; Crescent City, California, to Clarion Island [Re-
villagigedo Islands] (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Chace, 1919; Oldroyd, 1925;
Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; Woodring, Bramlette. and Kew); Mexico (Jordan, 1926;
Hertlein, 1934)

s* The original spelling is Hipponix. Hipponyx Defrance (Blainville, 1819, p. 9) is only
notice of the original article, fide Smith (1906, p. 123).

200 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

Hipponix antiquatus cranioides Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 4-6)

Hipponvx cramoldes Carpenter, 1864, Aug., p. 268, 654; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 140; 1864,
Dec", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3. vol. XIV, p. 427; Reprint, 1872, p. 239; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 27; Tkyon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p.
135, pi. 40, fig. 6; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 244; Ar-
nold, 1903, p. 312; Baii.v, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 189; Keen, 1937, p. Z7 ;
BuRCH, 1956, no. 56, p. 10. 11

Anwlthea cranioides (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. XV, no.
898, p. 204

Hipponix antiquatus cranioides (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 161 ; Oloroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 158; 1927, vol. II, pt. III, p. 113; Grant and Gale. 1931. p.
788; WooDRiNG, RRAivrLETTE, AND Kew, 1946. U. S. Geol. Sur.. Prof. Paper 207. p. 70;
Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197 doubtful
var.

"Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and //. antiquatus . . ."[Carpenter,
1864b. p. 654]

The following corrections should be made in the copy of the Carpenter's description

(1864d) published by Oldroyd (1927)

Line 5 : read "contiqua" for "continua ;" read .85 for 85 ; .75 for 75 ; .3 for 3 ; delete
"poll."

Add:

"Hab. Neeah Bay (Szi'an)."
The type material consists of 15^^ specimens, all irregular in shape; some are flatfish,
others are high, and the majority are irregularly round. The specimen herein illustrated is a
medium-flat shell which has the radiating striae developed best of all the specimens.

Many workers do not regard this form as of subspecific rank. It is retained here to form-
ulate the original data of the name cranioides more concisely.

Types. — Syntypes, U. S. National Museum, no. 15508 (label no. 15508Q; specimens 15508)

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay. Washington (type) ; Vancouver Island, to San Pedro.
California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper; Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and
Gale; Willett, 1937; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew; Keen in Cockerell, 1939)

Hipponix serratus Carpenter^^

Hipponyx serratus Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 296; 1864b, p. 541, 612 Santa
Barbara Is., 654; Reprint. 1872, p. 27, 98. 140; Cooper. 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 27 "Santa Barbara south— Mazatlan" Trvon, 1866, Man. Conch., vol. VIII,
p. 134, pi. 40, fig. 100

Hipponyx antiquatus Linnaeus, Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 64 includes
"serratus Cpr. ?" "Monterey south ? — S. America, Atlantic."

? Amalthea scrrata (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 892,
p. 204 "San Pedro."

Hipponix serratus Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 161 "Monterey to Panama"; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.
II, pt. Ill, p. 113 Latin only of original description "Monterey to Panama"; Keen, 1937,
p. Z7 "lat. 8-37" ; Burch, 1946, no. 56, p. 9, 10 "Moss Beach." Calif. ; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 197 doubted Monterey record

This species was described from Mazatlan. The illustration and discussion are reserved
for the work on that fauna. The synonymy is not intended to be complete, except to point
out references where the species has been recorded from Monterey. Some of the records are
compilation and do not include original findings. Smith and Gordon doubt its existence at
Monterey.

Holotype. — Probably in British Museum (Natural History) where the types were de-
posited

»5 Woodring (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946) gave the number as 44.
96 In Burch (1946, p. 9) H. serratus "Sowerby" seems to be a typographical error for
"Carpenter."

GASTROPODA 201

Family Calyptraeidae
Genus Calyptraea Lamarck, 179937

Calyptraea Lamarck, 1799, Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, Mem., tab. facing p. 70, Calyptraea; no.

54, p. 78 Calxptroea
Type species by monotypy, Patella chinensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., p. 781. Recent.

England through the Mediterranean. Fossil. Tryox, Alan. Conch., 1886, vol. VIII, pi.

34, figs. 56, 57

Calyptraea contorta (Carpenter)
(PI. 21, figs. 13, 14)

Gatenis contortus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 590, 612, 654; Reprint, 1872. p. 76, 98, 140; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 215; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Gcol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 27; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 241

Calyptraea contorta (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 121; Dall, 1921,
p. 163; Strong, 1925. Nautilus, vol. 39, no. 1, p. 11 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II pt. Ill, p. 114;
Keen, 1937, p. 32; Burch, 1946, no. S6, p. 19, 21; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, sen 4, vol. XXVI, p. 198
"Whirls twisted: nucleus minute, prominent. 20-40 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 654]

The following lines should be added to Carpenter's description (1866) as published by

Oldroyd (1927) to make that copy complete:
tt

". . . State Collection, no. 369.

"Hab. Monterey, 20-40 fm., Santa Barbara, 16-20 fm. ; Catalina Island, 30-40 fm. ;
Cooper.

"The vertex stands out like a tiny Planorbis, and is more minute than in any species I
have examined." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 215]

The single remaining specimen of the original lot is from the third locality mentioned by
Carpenter. The type has a label "Type Catalina Is. Cooper." The type locality is, therefore,
Catalina Island instead of Monterey as indicated by Smith and Gordon.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11846

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Catalina Island, California, to
Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper; Willett, 1937)

Genus Crepidula Lamarck, 1799

Crepidula onyx Sowerby

"Crepidula rugosa Nutt. ms." Carpenter

(PI. 14, fig. 6)

Crepidula onyx Sowerby, 1825, Genera of Shells, no. 23, fig. 2

Crepidula rugosa Nutt. [ms.] Jay, 1852, Cat. Shells, Cat. Shells, 4th ed., p. 107 under C. onyx
Sowerby; Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 224; 1857, Rept. Brit.
Assoc Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 200, 323, 349; 1857. Mazatlan Cat., p. 278, 279; 1860. Smith.
Misc Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 4 ; 1864, p. 537, 541, 565, 654; Reprint, 1872. p. 23, 27, 51, 140;
Tryon, 1886 Man. Conch., vol. VIII p. 128 under C. onyx; Burch, 1945, no. 56, p. 13
under C. onyx Sowerby

Jay assigned Nuttall's manuscript name to C. onyx Sowerby where it remains. Carpenter,
however, described the Nuttall shell from "upper California" although he was not certain
that its difference from C. onyx merited specific rank. He thought (1864b) it might be a
northern "variety" of C. onyx.

A photograph of the interior of the type of "C. rugosa Nuttall" ms. is included herein
through the courtesy of the British Museum (Natural History). Mr. Wilkins sent the fol-
lowing notes which are the label on the type :

"Crepidula rugosa Nuttall. U. Calif. (Nuttall label)."

97 Sum. Opinion Rend., no. 94, Int. Rules Zool. Nomen., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 73,
no. 4, 1926, p. 12, Calyptraea Lamarck, 1799, mt., Patella chinensis Linnaeus, placed in the
Official List of Generic Names.

202 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Family Naticidae

Genus Natica Scopoli, 1777

"Natica ? Maroccana, var. Californica" Carpenter

Natica ? Maroccana. var. Califontica Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV,

p. 227; 1864b, p. 527; Reprint. 1872, p. 13

Carpenter described this shell (1856) from "upper California," but he later (1864b) wrote,
"The varietal name must be dropped. The shell certainly came from the Sandwich Islands."

Family Velutinidae
Genus Velutina Fleming, 1820

Velutina Fleming, 1820,98 Brewster's Edinburgh Encycl., vol. XIV, pt. 2, p. 626; 1832, 1st
Amer. Ed., vol. XIII, pt. 2, p. 684

Type species by original designation, monotypy, and obsolete tautonomy. Bulla z'clutina
Mi'LLER, 1776, Zool. Danica, p. 242 ^ F. vulgaris Fleming =: Helix laeviqata of British
authors fide Fleming. Recent. Northern Europe ; North Atlantic to Massachusetts ; north
Pacific to Monterey, California. Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, pi. 28, figs. 41-44,
48, 59

Velutina prolongata Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 7, 8)

Velutina prolongata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 661; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 147; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. Z2; Reprint, 1872, p. 245; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 35; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 66; Dall,
1921. p. 167; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 164; 1927, vol. II,
pt. Ill, p. 140; Keen, 1935, p. 49; Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 3; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 199 Monterey doubtful record.

"Spire very small. Labrum produced in front." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661]
The following corrections and additions should be made in Oldroyd's (1927) copy of Car-
penter's description (1865) :

Line 2: read "dimidio" for "imidio" ; read .1 for 1; read .15 for 15; delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 140°.

"Hah. Neeah Bay; rare {Sxvan)." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 32]

There are four specimens in the type collection which are labelled, "Neeah Bay Washing-
ton J. G. Swan." The specimen of the four which is figured herein is the best preserved and
next to the largest of the group.

Dimensions, Syntypes. — Length 24 mm.; width 19 mm.; height 11 mm. (largest) ; length
9 mm. ; width 7 mm. ; height 4 mm. (smallest)
Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 11842

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Bering Strait to Monterey,"" California
(Dall)

Family Muricidae

Genus Ocenebra Leach (ms.) in Gray, 1847

(Ocinebra Leach, 1852, error for Ocenebra Gray, 1847)

Ocenebra Leach ms. in Gray, 1847, Oct., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, p. 269; 1847. Nov.,

Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 133; Winckworth, 1934, Jour. Conch., vol. 20, p. 14
Type species by monotypy O. erinacea [Linnaeus] (AIontagu), 1803, Test. Britannica, pt. I,
p. 259 as Murex = O. erinacea (Linnaeus), 1758, Syst. Nat., p. 748; 1767, p. 1216. Re-
cent. Europe. Tryon, 1880, Man. Conch., vol. II, pi. 36, figs. 400-404

Ocenebra interfossa Carpenter
(PI. 2Z, fig. 1)
Ocinebra interfossa Carpenter, 1864b. p. 603, 606, 628, 663; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 92, 114, 149;
1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 64; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 37; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 69; Keep, 1887, West
Coast Shells, p. 24, fig. 5; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 254;
Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898, p. 215; Arnold, 1903, p. 255

98 (Sherborn, 1937, p. 112)

99 Doubtful record (fide Smith and Gordon, 1948)

GASTROPODA

203

^furex (Ociucbra) intcrfossa (Carpenter), Tkvox, 1880, Man. Conch., vol. II, p. 131, pi. 39,

fig. 484
Tritonalia iufcrfossa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 108, pi. 11, fig. 8; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. II, p. 21. pi. 30, fig. 2 same fig. as Dall, 1921 ; Grant and Gale, 1931. p. 710; Bailv,

1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 237, fig. 233 ; Keen, 1937. p. 47
Ocenebra intcrfossa Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 48, 52, 53; Bormann, 1946, Nautilus,

vol. 60, no. 2, p. 38, pi. 4, figs. 10-11, 14; 1947, Minutes Conch. Club So. California, no.

71, p. 7; Smith and Gordon, California Acad. Sci., Proc. ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 189;

Abbott, 1954, p. 216, fig. 49a same fig. as Dall, 1921

"Purple-brown, with latticed sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 663, Monterey, Farallones,
Puget Sound, and Vancouver area]

"O. t. satis elongata, purpureo — fusca; anfr. nucleosis ii, laevibus, elongatis ; anfr. normali-
bus V. convexis, suturis valde impressis ; costis radiantibus subvaricosis circ. XI, et spiralibus
subaequantibus, quarum iii.-v. in spira monstrantur. decussata ; interstitiis altis, quadratis.
laminulis increment!, et interdum costulis spiralibus obtusis intercalantibus, saepe ornatis ;
apertura ovata labro (t. adulta) intus dentato ; canali satis longa, saepius clausa. Long,
.85, long, spir .4, lat. .45, div. 60°.

"Hah. — Neeah Bay, Su'on : Vancouver, Lord, (named Fusus orpheus, as of GId. in Br.
Mus.)" [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 64]

Specimen no. 4636 (14889 R132), U. S. National Museum, is labelled, "Type Monterey
Harbor." It is the specimen which Bormann (1946) figured and of which an illustration is
included herein. Tlie writer does not believe that the facts warrant saying (as Bormann
stated, Burch, 1947, no. 71, p. 7), that the type was figured in Dall (1921) and repeated in
Oldroyd (1927). The explanation of that figure reads, "typical," and the drawing, which may
be a composite sketch, does not depict the exact features of the "type."

Carpenter unconsciously bequeathed an error in the matter of the type locality. In his
first brief description (1864b). Carpenter included shells from Monterey, Farallones, and the
Strait of Juan de Fuca. However, in the complete description (1865). the California locali-
ties are not mentioned.

To be able to validate tlie above-labelled type (no. 4636, U. S. National Museum), Car-
penter's earlier description (1864) must be accepted as adequate. Those brief lines are hardly
complete. If the specific description dates from 1865 it is not consistent to have a holotype or
lectotype from a locality which is not mentioned in that description.

J. Wyatt Durham informed the writer that there are in the Department of Paleontology,
University of California, two specimens (not the same species), no. 47-402, labelled TrifoH-
aim intcrfossa, which apparently had been segregated because they might be types. The writer
doubts their status as types because of the absence of authentic type label. The lack of local-
ity label would eliminate those specimens from availability as "lectotype."

The specimen, U. S. National Museum no. 4636, is the only "type" so far found. In spite
of the inconsistency of its locale it would seem best to assume that the selection was made by
Carpenter ; therefore, the specimen is a holotype.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4636

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey. California (type) ; Semidi Island. Alaska, to Punta
Santo Tomas. Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale;
Oldroyd, 1925; Woodring, Bramlette and. Kew, 1946). Mexico (Jordan, 1926). PHocene.
California (Berry, 1809; Grant and Gale); Oregon (Howe, 1922; Grant and Gale). ?Mio-
cene. Oregon (Howe, 1922; Grant and Gale")

Ocenebra interfossa atropurpurea Carpenter
(PI. 23, figs. 2. 3, 3A, 13)

Ocinebra interfossa atropurpurea Carpenter, 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol.
17, p. 64; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 37

Tritonalia intcrfossa atropurpurea (Carpenter), Dall, 1919. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, vol. 56,
no. 2295, p. 334 as new varietv; 1921, p. 108; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Sta-
tion, vol. 4, p. 100; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 22; Keen, 1937, p. 47

204 MARINE AfOLLUSCA DESCRlRF.n BY P. P. CARPEXTKR

Ocenebra interjossa atropurpurea (Carpenter), BuRcii, 1945, no. 51, p. 49; Bormanx, 194ti.
Nautilus, vol. 60, no. 2, p. 39, pi. 4, figs. 7-9; 1947, Alinutes Conch. Club So. California,
no. 71, p. 7 With description of O. interjossa Carpenter (1865e)

"Hah. Neeah Bay, Swan : Vancouver, Lord . . .
[Habitat for both O. interjossa and var. atropurpurea]

"Variat. : t. atropurpurea; costis spiralibus distantibus, in spira duabus, foveis majoribus.
Variat quoque t. albido zonata." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 64]

This subspecies was described as above by Carpenter (1865). Apparently Dall forgot
about the description when he made tlie statement (1919) that a description had not been
published by Carpenter. Ball's notes were no more complete than Carpenter's, so that Ball's
name does not apply as author of the subspecies. Tlie Icctotype is figured herein for the first
time. Bormann figured a specimen (1946) from White's Point, Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia, which had been compared with the holotype by Rehder (in Bormann, 1946).

There are seven specimens (paratypes) in the original group in the U. S. National Mu-
seum, no. lS528bi'>o other than the one labelled "type." The label includes "Neeah Bay." The
type is evidently a lectotype selected by Ball.

All the specimens, lectotype and paratypes, have tlie apical whorls worn. The suite in-
cludes young and mature individuals. Some are more slender than the "type," but all have
the coarse longitudinal lines of growth and deep stiuarish pits. The labrum is not thickened
on the immature forms.

The measurements which Ball gave (1919) are not those of the lectotyi>e but of a more
elongate shell (see size of lectotype, explanation of pi. 23, figs. 2, 3A)

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15528b

Disfrihttion. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington, to San Biego,
California (Ball)

Ocenebra interfossa beta (Ball)

Tritonalia interjossa beta Ball, 1919, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc., vol. 32, p. 250 and T.
interjossa alpha Ball, 1921, p. 108, pi. 13, fig. 9, as of Carpenter in Ball, 1919 and 1921 ;
T. S. Oldroyd, 1925, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 65, no. 2535, p. 12; I. Oldroyd, 1927,
p. 22; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 710; Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 48 as Ocenebra; named by
Ball from manuscript names, probably museum labels, of Carpenter.

The subspecies were never mentioned in literature by Carpenter.

The holotype of O. beta was figured by Bormann (1946, pi. 4, fig. 15). O. interjos.m minor
was also a manuscript museum label name used by Carpenter. It was described by Ball (1919,
p. 334) but not illustrated. Bormann (1946, PI. 4, fig. 5) figured the holotype. O. beta Ball
w^as also figured by Smith and Gordon (1948, holotype. Fig. 1, p. 189).

Ocenebra lurida munda Ball in Williamson

Ocinebra lurida var. niunda Cakpentkr, 1864b, p. 663; Reprint, 1872, p. 149; Ball in

Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898, p. 215, pi. XX, fig. 3;

Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 2i7 ; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch.,

vol. VI, p. 69; Arnold, 1903, p. 258
Murex {Ocinebra) luridus munda (Carpenter), Tryon, 1880, Man. Conch., vol. II, p. 131
Tritonalia lurida munda (Carpenter), Ball, 1921, p. 107; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound

Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 100; 1927, vol. Ill, pt. II, p. 18; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 712, pi.

Z2, fig. 5; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 238, fig. 235 same as Williamson,

Keen, 1937, p. 47 T. munda
Ocenebra lurida munda Carpenter, Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 46; Smith and Gordon, 1948,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 189

"Tall, with faint sculpture." — [Carpenter, 1864b. p. 663]

The above are the brief remarks which constitute the only data that Carpenter published
on the subspecies, except the names of numerous localities from California and Vancouver

100 The no. 155286 in Ball (1919, p. 334) is not correct. The "6" is a typographical error
for "b."

GASTROPODA 205

Island which were not definitely segregated from that of tlic species. The first sentence of
the notes which Oldroyd (1927, p. 18) credited to Carpenter are not those of Carpenter. They
are a portion of Tryon's (1880, p. 131) remarks regarding the form.

Carpenter's line does not seem adequate to validate the subspecific name. Carpenter's type
has not been found. The first to use the name with a figure, a type, and definite locality was
Williamson. Therefore, if the form deserves subspecific rank, to preserve the name one must
date it from Williamson. The identification of the form in her report was made by Dall.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 46708 (Williamson)

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Middleton Island, Alaska, to
San Diego, Calif. (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale; Woodring,
Bramlette and Kew, 1946)

Ocenebra poulsoni Carpenter
(PI. 26, fig. 8)

Buccinum Pnulsoni "Nutt. M. S.," C.'\Rpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 227 "Upper

California. Mus. Nuttall."
Ocinebra Poulsoni Nuttall. Carpenter, 1864b. p. 537, 663, 665; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 149, 151 :

1865, Jour, de Conchvl. vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 148; Reprint, 1872, p. 316; Keep,

1887, West Coast Shells, p. 23; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no.

898, p. 215 ; Arnold, 1903, p. 260, pi. V, fig. 2
Ocinebra Poulsoni Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.. Geol. Sur. California, p. 38
Murex {Ocinebra) Poulsoni Nuttall, Tryon, 1880, Man. Conch., vol. II, p. 130, pi. 38, fig.

475
Tritonalin poulsoni (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 107; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II. p. 19
Tritonalia poulsoni (Nuttall in Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 712, pi. 32, fig. 10;

Keen, 1937. p. 47
Tritonalia pouhoni (Nuttall), Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 238
Ocenebra poulsoni (Carpenter), Bijrch, 1945, no. 51, p. 47; Abbott, 1954, p. 218, pi. 24,

fig. K

"Shape like .1/. monoccros, with brown spiral lines." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 663]

Oldroyd (1927) republished the Latin portion of Carpenter's (1865) description.

The following changes should be made in her copy :

Line 6 : for "lumentibus" read "tumentibus," add "div. 38" at end of line.

Add:

"Hab. San Diego, Nuttall. — Cerros Is., Veatch. — Santa Barbara, Jcn'ctt.

"Je n'ai vu que trois individus de cette belle espece : I'um d'eux, qui est typique, porte le
nom de "Buccinum Poulsoni" dans la collection Nuttall qui fait partie du Musee britannique :
un second, tres-jeune, et d'un aspect fort particulier, bien qu'il apportienne evidemment a la
meme espece, a ete recueilli par le colonel Jewett, probablement a Santa Barbara (mais,
d'apres son etiquette, a Panama) : enfin celui du docteur Veatch provient de la basse Cali-
fornia, et il est en tres-mauvais etat. Le premier a ete dessine sur bois pour I'institution
Smithsonienne par M. Sowerby. Comme cette espece interessante est presque inconnue en
France, j'ai cru devoir en donner une description suflBsamment precise." [Carpenter, 1865g,
p. 149]

Carpenter's description (1864b) indicated specimens from "California" (Nuttall),"? Santa
Barbara" (Jewett), and "Lower California" (Smith. Inst.). They were used as the basis of
the analysis. Those three sources are identical with the three mentioned by Carpenter in his
description (1865). Fortunately, the Nuttall (G. L. Wilkins, Mar. 2, 1951, personal communi-
cation) specimen is in the British Museum. The officials of that institution provided a photo-
graph of the syntype ("holotype").

Type.— British Museum (Natural History), B. M. 61.5.18.22

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Santa Barbara, California, to Mag-
dalena Bay, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (see Grant and Gale, 1931, p.
712) ; Mexico (Hertlein, 1934)

Ocenebra squamulifera (Carpenter in Gabb)

Trophon squamulifera Carpenter in Gabb, 1869, Pal, California, vol. II, p. 44; Trvon, 1880,
Man. Conch., vol. II, p. 139, pl. 31, fig. 320

206 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Ocinebra barbarens'is Arnold, 1903, p. 254, pi. V, fig. 1 not Gabb, 1865, California Acad.
Sci., Proc., vol. Ill, p. 183 fide Willett, 1938

Tritonalia squmnulifera (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 107; Oldroyd, 1927, pt. II, p. 18; Keen,
1937, p. 47

Tritonalia squanmlijera (Carpenter in Gabb), Willett, 1938, Nautilus, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 10;
WooDRiNG, Bramlette, AND Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 75, pi. 34,
fig. 13

Ocenebra squamuUjcra (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 46, 52; Bormann, 1946, Nauti-
lus, vol. 60, no. 2, p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 17, 18 holotype; Bormann, 1947, Conch. Club. So. Cali-
fornia, Min. no. 71, p. 8

"T. satis turrita, pallide rufofusca ; anfr. nucl.? norm. IV tabulatis, tumentioribus, suturis
ad angulum 80° — 100° acute impressis; costis rad. VI — VII vix varicosis, angustis, ad
angulum posticum interdum spinosis, ad basim continuis ; liris spiralibus primum iii fenestra-
tis dein creberrimis, asperis, squamulatis, intcrstitiis angustis, plus minusve incisis, canali
longiore, rectiore, duabus trientibus aperturae aequante, vix aperta; apertura ovali, labro
incrassato, intus circ. V dentati ; labio laevi, crassiore.

"Long. .9, long. spir. .35, lat. .51, div. 66°.

"Hab. Living; Catalina Isd. ; Post- Pliocene, Sta. Barbara.

"With the general aspect of T. temiisciilpta, it is at once recognized by the difference
in sculpture. The fossil (unique) specimen is much finer than the immature living one sent
by Dr. Cooper. In this the varices are not spinous at the angle, and the spiral sculpture is
stronger. The difference, however, does not appear to be specific." [Carpenter in Gabb, 1869,
p. 44]

"The above description and notes were sent me by Dr. Carpenter, in a letter, and were
based on a unique fossil specimen found by myself at Santa Barbara, and an immature recent
one from Catalina Island, found by Dr. Cooper." [Gabb, 1869, p. 44]

J. Wyatt Durham (Personal communication) furnished the following notes in regard to
the type of this species which is in the University of California, Museum of Paleontology:
"Trophon squamulifcr Carpenter

"Univ. Calif. AIus. Paleo. no. 15459; marked Holotype; has old State Survey no. 63 on
yellow gummed square; present label on box 10 — 15 years old; label in bottle older, but
not too old: Trophon squainulifcra Cpr. [Type]; back of label with measurements on it
different w-riting than front. Label on box with notation: Carpenter, in Gabb, Pal. Calif.,
1869, vol. 2, p. 44; Recent; Catalina Island, Calif.

"There is a possibility that the label in the bottle might be Rivers', but it certainly is not
older than that, and might be younger."

This species was founded on two specimens, one from tlie Recent and one from the
Pleistocene. Present workers seem to be in doubt whether the species occurs in the living
fauna, because it has been assumed that the type was the Pleistocene shell.

However, if the label of the existing type is correct, the holotype (depending on whether
it was originally selected by Carpenter) came from Catalina Island and is a Recent shell.
Bormann (1946), in the explanation of the figure of the holotype, defined the shell from the
"Pleistocene of Santa Barbara," but that is a confusion. Apparently the Pleistocene shell is
not available.

If the holotype or lectotype is established on the Recent species and that is the locality
which Carpenter mentioned first, the query by workers as to the presence of the species in
the Recent fauna is settled. The problem would then be to identify living shells which may
be at present classified under some otiier name. If the Pleistocene shells, heretofore called
T. squaiiiulifera, can be separated from the holotype of T. squamilifcra as a distinct species
or subspecies, the Pleistocene form would deserve a new name. Pleistocene (San Pedro sand)
specimens which had been figured as "Ocinebra barbarensis Gabb" by Arnold have been
assigned to this species by Willett. Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew agree with Willett in his
identification.

Bormann (1946) figured the "holotype" of this species.

Holotype (or lectotype). — University of California, Museum Paleontology, no. 15459

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Santa Barbara to San Pedro,
California (Dall) ; British Columbia, to Santa Barbara, California (Burch, 1955). Pleis-
tocene. California (Carpenter) Santa Barbara (.Arnold. 1903; Willett, 1938; Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew)

GASTROPODA

207

Ocenebra tenuisculpta (Carpenter)
( IM. 23. figs. 9-12)

Trophon tentiisculptus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539; Reprint, 1872, p. 25; 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 275, 277; Reprint, 1872, p. 322, 324; not Tryon, 1880, Maji.

Conch., vol. II, p. 139, pi. ii, fig. 359 copy Kobelt, Kuster. Conch. Cab., t. 76. f. 9;

Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 268; not Keen, 1937, p. 48
Trophon (Boreotrophon) tcnuiscitlptus Carpenter, Arnold, 1903, p. 253
Boreotrophon tenitisculptits (Carpenter), D.all, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 24, no.

1264, p. 541 in part section Trophonopsis; Van Winkle [Palmer], 1921, Bull. Amer.

Paleont., vol. VIII, no. 36, p. 5 copy of original description, pi. 1, figs. 6-9 types
Not Neptunea tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. Ill, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12; Oldrovd,

1927, vol. II, pt. 2, p. 39, pi. 30, figs. 3, 7 copy of Dall, 1921, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12 =

Trophon lasius Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 56, p. 338; Willet, 1938,

Nautilus, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 6 type
Trophon (Trophonopsis) tenuisculpfus (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 725 in part;

T. lasiiis Dall
Tritonalia tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Willett, 1938, Nautilus, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 10

"T. testa T. Barvicensi simili, sed sculptura minus extante ; vertice nucleoso minimo ;
anfractibus uno et dimidio laevibus, apice acuto ; normalibus v., tumidis, postice subangulatis,
suturis impressis; costis radiantibus x.-xiv., plerumque xii., baud varicosis, angustis, obtusis ;
liris spiralibus majoribus, distantibus, quarum ii.-iii. in spira monstrantur, aliis intercalantibus,
supra costas radiantes undatim transeuntibus ; tota superficie lirulis incrementi, supra liras
spirales squamosis, eleganter ornata ; canali longiore, subrecta, vix clausa ; labro acutiore,
postice et intus incrassto, dentibus circ. v. munito; labio conspicuo, laevi ; columella torsa.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation {Jezvett).

"This very elegant shell is like the least-sculptured forms of T. Barviccnsis from_ which
it appears to differ in its extremely small nucleus. It is very closely related to T. fimbriatulus,
A. Ad., from Japan, but differs in texture, and is regarded by Air. Adams as distinct.^ It
stands on the confines of the genus, there being a slight columellar twist, as in Peristernia."
[Carpenter, 1866, p. 277]

Dimensions. — Length 16 mm. ; greatest diameter 8 mm. ; length 13 mm. ; greatest diameter
7 mm. (syntypes)

There are two specimens of this species on the original card labelled "type." They are in
the Paleontological Laboratory, Cornell University. The history of tlieir preservation there
is described by Van Winkle [Palmer] (1921).

Willett (1938) in consultation with Grant and Strong, showed that the Recent form
which had commonly been determined by authors and labelled in collections as this species
was in reality something different and is what Dall (1919) named T. lasius. T. tenuisculpta
Carpenter is not in the Recent fauna.

Syntypes. — No. 4951, Paleontological Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York.

Distribution. — Santa Barbara formation. Pliocene-Pleistocene.^o^ Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia (type) ; California (Arnold; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946)

Genus Trophonopsis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1882
(Boreotrophon Fischer, 1884)

Trophonopsis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1882, Moll. Marins du Roussillon,
Gastropodes, t. I, p. 40

Type species by monotypy and original designation, Murex muricatus Montagu, 1803, Test.
Brit., p. 262, pi. IX, fig. 2. Recent. Western Europe. Tryon, 1880, Man. Conch., vol. II,
pi. 31, fig. 308. Murex clathratus Linnaeus, 1867, Syst. Nat., p. 1223, type species of
Boreotrophon Fischer, 1884, Man. de Conchyl., pt. II, p. 640; Tryon, 1880, Man. Conch.,
vol. II, pi. 31, fig. 312

Trophonopsis triangulatus Carpenter

Trophon triangulatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 663; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 149; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 224; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 38, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 268; Tryon, 1880, Man.
Conch., vol. II, p. 142; Dall, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 14, no. 849, p. 180, pi. V,
figs. 1, 3 "type," 6

101 Bailey (1935, p. 492-494) gave upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene. Woodring, Bram-
lette, and Kew (1946, p. 104) gave lower Pleistocene.

208 MARINR ArOLLTTSCA DESCRTBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Trophon {Boreotrophon) triangulattis (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc., vol. 15, no. 898, p. 216; Arnold, 1903, p. 254; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 724
Boreotrophon triangitlatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 24, no.

1264, p. 548 section Austrotrophon
Boreotrophon percgrinus D.-vll, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XXIV, no. 1264, p. 543
Troponopsis triangitlatus (Carpenter), Cossmann, 1903, Essais Pal. Comp., liv. 5, p. 54;

BuRCH, 1955, Min. Conch. So. California, no. 149, p. 7
Trophon (Ncptiinca) percgrinus Dall, 1921, p. 110, pi. 8, fig. 5; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. II, p. 36, pi. 2,i, fig. 12
Trophon {Austrotrophon) triangulatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 109 in part; Oldroyd,

1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 28, pi. 34, figs. 6, 7 type; Keen, 1937, p. 48
In part Trophon {Austrotrophon) triangulatus (Carpenter), Baily, 1935, West Coast

Shells (Keep), p. 244, fig. 244 = T. catalincnsis Oli.rovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 29, pi.

34, figs. 1-5
Boreotrophon triangulatus (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 55, 60; Smith and Gordon,

1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 190; Abbott, 1954, p. 208, fig. 46b

same figure as Dall, 1892, pi. 5, fig. 3
Boreotrophon percgrinus (Dall), Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 58; Smith and Goiu)ON, 1948,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 234

"Cat. Is., 60 fm. Resembles the young of Murex centrijugus" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613]
"Typhoid shape: frills triangular, white 60 fnu Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 663]
The original description has been republished by Oldroyd (1927). Tlie following correc-
tions and additions should be made to make her copy complete :

". . . State Collection, no. 580a."

Page 29, line 3 : insert "apertam" between "spinam" and "compressis."

Insert before paragraph beginning "Resembles" the following :

". . . div. 70°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 60 fm. ; 4 alive of equal size, Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 224]

Dall discussed this species in detail (1891) and figured the type (a young shell) and an
adult individual from San Pedro. Dall later (1902) repeated his earlier statements.

J. Wyatt Durham furnished the following notes regarding the "types" (syntypes) in the
University of California, Museum of Paleontology :

"Trophon triangulatus Carpenter^Two specimens in our [Univ. California, Mus. Paleo.]
collection labelled Type. (1) Univ. Calif. Mus. Paleo. no. 12571, no old labels with it;
present label 10-15 years old, with following notations (all in same handwriting) : Car-
penter: Brit. Assn. Ad. Sci. for 1863, p. 663 = 1864; Oldroyd: 1927, L S J U, vol. 2, p. 28,
pi. 34, f. 6. Recent. Catalina Island, California. Carpenter: 1865, Pr. C.A.S., vol. 3, p. 224.

"(2) Univ. Calif. Mus. Paleo. no. 12572. No old labels; present label same kind as above.
Notations: Carpenter: 1864, Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci. for 1863, p. 663; Oldroyd: 1927,
L S J U 2, pt. 2, p. 28, pi. 34, fig. 7. Recent. Catalina Island, Calif. Carpenter: 1865, pr.
CAS, vol. 3, p. 224.

"This specimen still has the operculum with it. Otlierwise the two are in equally good
condition. Perhaps 12572 should be designated as the Lectotype."

In referring to the specimen at the University of California as the type which he figured
(1892), Dall described the specimen as containing the operculum. The writer therefore iden-
tifies no. 12572, University California Museum Paleontology as that shell and selects that
specimen as the lectotype of the species.

A specimen in the U. S. National Museum, no. 11839, is labelled, "Catalina Id. Cooper
Type fig'd." The shell is 10 mm. length and 6 mm. greatest diameter ; hence it is a young
shell about the size of the lectotype. From the original description (1866) there could be
syntypes, all from Catalina Island and of the same size. If the specimen in the U. S. National
Museum was indicated as type in Dall's day, it is odd that Dall did not describe that speci-
men and figure it instead of going so far afield. As the labels stand it can be regarded as a
syntype and a lectotype can be chosen from the three syntypes, which is what the writer has
done above.

Oldroyd figured both University California syntypes. The U. S. National Museum
"syntype" apparently has not been figured, regardless of the label.

This species does not seem to be typical Trophonopsis [Boreotrophon].

Dimensions.— l.cugih 11.5 mm.; diameter 6.?> mm. (lectotype, Dall).

GASTROPODA 209

Types. — Lectotype, Univ. California, Aluscum of Paleontology, no. 12572; paratype,
University California Museum Paleontology no. 12572; "paratype," U. S. National Museum,
no. 11839.

Disiribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Cata-
lina Island and San Pedro, to San Diego, California (Burch). Pleistocene. California
(Cooper; Arnold; Grant and Gale).

Family Magilidae

Genus Latiaxis Svvainson, 1840

Latiaxis costata hindsii (Carpenter)

Trnphnn uuiricatus HiNns. 1844, Voy. Sulphur, Moll., p. 14, pi. 1, figs. 16, 17 not Murex

muricafus Montagu, 1803, Testacea Britannica, p. 262
Trophon Hindsii Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856,io2 p. 205
Latiaxis costata hindsii (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 11

The specific name of this Panama species was changed by Carpenter, because he thought
the Murex muricatiis Montagu was congeneric (secondary homonym). Oldroyd (1929, p. 99)
renamed shells CoralUophila Oldroydi from Catalina Island which had gone under Car-
penter's name. Burch enumerated the factors in regard to the identification of Oldroyd's and
Hinds' (original) species. He believed that they are distinct and extended the range of
L. costata hirvdsii from Point Conception to Panama. The type of the species is a shell from
the "Voyage of the Sulphur" and not one of Carpenter's. The name is included here only to
explain Carpenter names.

Family Columbellidae
Genus Mitrella Risso, 1826

Mitrella Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., vol. 4, p. 247; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 689

Type species by subsequent designation, Cox, 1927, Rept. Pal. Zanzibar, Moll., p. 28, M.

flaminea Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., vol. 4, p. 248, = Mtirex scriptns Linnaeus,

1758, Svst. Nat., 10 ed., p. 755. Recent and subfossil. Mediterranean. Grant and Gale,

1931, p."690, text fig. 6

Mitrella gouldi (Carpenter)

fNitidella gouJdii Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc,

p. 208; 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 228, 341, 349; 1864b, p. 535. 537,

567, 603, 663; Reprint, 1872, p. 21, 23, 53, 89, 149; 1860, Smith. Misc. Collec, vol. 2, art.

6, p. 4; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.. Geol. Sur. Californica, p. 38; 1870, Amer. Jour.

Conch., vol. VI. p. 70; Trvon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. 5, p. 217 as equal to C. carinata

Hinds; Pace, 1902. Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 5, p. 88; Dall. 1921, p. 104;

Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 98; 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 277;

Abbott, 1954, p. 222, pi. 20. fig. m
Cf. Columhella (Nitidella) dalli E. A. Smith, 1880, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 6,

p. 287 fide Dall, 1916, Nautilus, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 26
Mitrella- gouldi (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 695; Keen, 1937, p. 40; Burch,

1945, no. 51, p. 17; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.

XXVI, p. 187
Not Columhella gouldi Agassiz ms.. Reeve, 1858, Conch. Icon., vol. 11, Columhella, pi.

XXII, fig. 135

Oldroyd (1927) republished part of the original description of this species. To her copy
should be added the following:

". . . div. ?>7\

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jczvctt). Mus. Gould.

"Closely resembling .V. cribraria; distinguished from C. Sta.-Barbarensis by the smooth
whirls [sic] and apex, and the conspicuous labral teeth. The two specimens examined differ
too much from each other in colour-markings to found specific characters upon these fea-
tures." [Carpenter, 1856d, p. 208]

"Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass. which is probably Amycla." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 535]

"Columhella Gouldii, Agass., MS. is Mus. Cum., Nov. 1858. [= Amycla Gouldiana
Atlantic; non Nitidella Gouldii, Cpr."] [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 567]

102 Dall (1921, p. 113) gave incorrect reference to "Mazatlan Cat."

210 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P, P. CARPENTER

". . . P.Z.S. 1856, p. 208. Slender: like thin A. gmisapata, with Purpuroid operc." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 663]

The holotype of this species has not been found. It is not reported in the types of the
Gould Collection (27th Ann., Rept. New York State, p. 47), in Albany, New York. It is not
in the British Museum (G. L. W'ilkins, Oct. 17, 1950. i)crsonal communication).

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Kodiak, Alaska, to San Diego,
California. Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale). Pliocene. California
(Moody, 1916 fide Grant and Gale; Grant and Gale)

Mitrella tuberosa (Carpenter)
( PI. 26, figs. 9-12)

Amvcia tnhcrnsa C.xrpkxtkk, 1864b, p. 537, 539, 628, 662; Reprint, 1872, p. 22,, 25. 114, 148;
1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., .ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 398; Reprint. 1872, p. 288; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 2,7; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 68;
1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State .Min. Bur., p. 229; Pace, 1902, Malacol. Soc. Lon-
don. Proc, 5, p. 146

Columbella (Mitrella) tiihcro.m (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 135,
pi. 50, figs. 40, 41

Astyris tuberosa (Carpenter), Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 36

Columbella (Astvris) tuberosa (Carpenter), Willi.\mson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 15. no. 898, p. 213, pi. XX, fig. 6; Arnold, 1903, p. 240, pi. X, fig. 7; 1907, U. S.
Geol. Sur., Bull., no. 321, pi. XI, fig. 10

Columbella {Alia) tuberosa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 103; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 97

Columbella tuberosa (Carpenter), Oldroyd. 1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 271

Mitrella tuberosa (Carpenter), Grant and Gale. 1931. p. 697, pi. 26, fig. 45 see for addi-
tional synonymy; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 231; Keen, 1937, p. 40;
WooDRiNG, Bramlette, AND Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77;
BuRCH, 1945, no. 51, p. 13, 14, 16; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 187; Abbott, 1954, p. 223

"Very close to minor, Scacchi, but with diflferent nucleus. 8-10 fm. c. Cp." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 662]

Oldroyd (1927) republished part of the original description of this species. To her copy
should be added the following to make the notes complete:

". . . div. 30°,

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, recent and fossil (Jezcett) ; coast of California north to Monterey;
Catalina Island, 8-10 fathoms (Cooper).

"As this belongs to a group of closely allied species of Nassoid Columbellae, a minute
diagnoses is giveiL The fossil specimens are larger, and have the remarkable nucleus more
perfect than any of the recent shells yet seen. In appearance it scarcely differs from the
small variety of the ^Vlcditerrancan A. minor, Scac. ; but that (with A. corniculafa) has a
Chrysodomid nucleus, the Californian an Alaboid." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 398]

The type material of this species consists of five specimens on Carpenter original glass
mounts in the Redpath Museum. They have an original label, "Astyris tuberosa Cpr. type
Sta. Barbara fossil Jewett." The nuclear whorls are well preserved and consist of about
3^2 whorls, the first minute. The nuclear whorls are globose and differentiated from the
postnuclear whorls. Carpenter commented especially on the fine preservation of the nucleus
of the fossil shells.

Syntypes.''^'^^ — Redpath .Museum, No. 73

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California, to Forrester Island, Alaska, to Gulf
of California (Dall). Pleistocene. Lower Santa Barbara formation, Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia (type); California Arnold; Oldroyd, "var." 1925; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937;
W'oodring. Bramlette, and Kew; Mexico (Jordan, 1926). Pliocene. California (Cooper;
Arnold; Berry, 1908; Grant and Gale; "var." Woodring and Bramlette, 1950). Miocene.
California (Gale in Grant and Gale)

'"•■' Statement in Oldroyd ( 1927), followed by Grant and Gale (1931) that the type might
be in the British Museum is incorrect.

GASTROPODA

211

Gciiu-s Amphissa H. and A. Adams, 1853

Amphissa H. and A. Adams, 1853, Genera Recent Moll., vol. 1, p. Ill

Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1913, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 45, no. 2202,

p. 589, Buccinuiii cornnjatitin Rekve, 1847, Conch. Icon., vol. 3, Buccinnm, pi. XI\', tig. 110.

Not B. corrugatum Brocchi, 1814. B. corrugatum Reeve, 1847 = A. columhiana Dall,

1916, Nautilus, vol. 30, p. 27. Living. Ciachi Islands, Alaska, to San Pedro, California.

Pliocene and Pleistocene, California. Dall, 1921, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 112, pi. 6, fig.

9; pi. 11, fig. 9

Amphissa undata (Carpenter)
(PL 23, figs. 21, 22)

Amycla undata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 662; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 148; 1864, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 159; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. Z7; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 229; Pace, 1902, Malacol. Soc.
London, Proc., vol. 5, p. 148
ColuiiibcIIa undata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 177, section Seviinella
Awphissa undata (Carpenter), Dall in Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol.
15, no. 898, p. 214, pi. XX, fig. 8; Dall, 1921, p. 105; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 282;
Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 234, fig. 227 same fig. as Williamson,
pi. XX, fig. 8; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 25, 27; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 188; Abbott, 1954, p. 224, fig.
50c same fig. as in Williamson, 1892

". . . Cat. Is., not rare in 40 fm." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613]

"Like stumpy, small corrugata, v^'ith waved sculpture. 40 fm. not r. Cp." [Carpenter,
1864b, p. 662]

Oldroyd (1927) republished a part of the original notes of this species. The following
changes should be made in those notes :

Delete "poll" and add "div. 45°."

"The nuclear whirls in this shell resemble a minute Pahidina. The only operculum in the
specimens sent was broken in extraction, but appeared to be Nassoid. The sculpture consists
of elongate knobs swelling in the middle ; with spiral lines hanging as it were from pier to
pier, as in a suspension bridge. Tlie aperture is somewhat Columbelloid, the inner and
outer lips joining at the suture; but neither are lirate within, although they have that
appearance from the outside sculpture showing through." [Carpenter, 1864a, p. 159]

The holotype of this species is in the U. S. National Museum. It bears the label, "Cp.
1003 Catalina Id. Cooper." That number does not coincide with the one given by Car-
penter ("State Collection Species 1067").

The protoconch of the holotype consists of about four wliorls, the first minute ; the
earliest three are smooth, and the last has longitudinal ribs.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, No. 23284

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to
Cerros Island, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew, 1948)

Genus Anachis H. and A. Adams, 1853

.hiachis H. and A. Adams, 1853, Genera Recent Moll., vol. 1, p. 184

Type six;cies by subsequent designation, Tate in Woodw.\rd, 1875, Man. Moll., 3d ed., app.,

p. 13 ColumhcUa scalarina Sowerby, 1832, Zoo). Soc. London, Proc, p. 116. Living.

Panama. Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, pi. 54, fig. 39

Anachis penicillata Carpenter
(PI. 23. figs. 4-6)

1 Anachis penicillata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 664; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 150; 1865, Ann.

Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 398; Reprint, 1872, p. 288; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 39; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 70;

Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 19
ColumhcUa {Scminclla) penicillata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 177,

pi. 58, fig. 46 omitted
Cohunbclla (Anachis) penicillata (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 15, no. 898, p. 213 (Dall)

212 MARINE MOLLrSCA DESCRIRED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Auachis peniciUala Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 103; Oi.dkovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 270;
Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 21, 22; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew,
1946, U. S. Geo!. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, 4th ser., vol. XXVI, p. 187; Abbott, 1954, p. 221

Anachis {Chaiivetia) penicillata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 687; Baily, 1935,
West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 232

"Small, with Metuloid sculpture. Beach — 10 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 664]
Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's (1865) description. The following notes should
be added to make that copy complete :

". . . div. 25°.

"Hah. Sta. Barbara (Jewel t) ; S. Diego, Catalina Island, shore to 10 fathoms (Cooper).

"Neither of the specimens sent is quite mature. The mouth is that of an adolescent
Anachis, but the sculpture is Metuloid." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 398J

The types are in the U. S. National Museum labelled "San Diego — Sta. Barbara Cat. I"
consisting of two specimens. The specimens are not segregated as to each locality. The
larger of the two is the nearest to the dimensions given by Carpenter (.21 = 5.3 mm. ;
.08 = 2.03 mm.). The writer, therefore selected the longer specimen (pi. 23, fig. 4) as the
lectotype.

Types. — Lectotype and paratype, U. S. National Museum, No. 15576

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego — Santa Barbara — Catalina Island, California (type) ;
Pescadero Point, San Mateo Co., Santa Barbara, California, to Gulf of California (Burch).
Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew,
1946)

Anachis siibturrita Carpenter
(PI. 23, figs. 7, 8)

Anachis siibturrita Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 664; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 150; 1866, California

Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 223; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 39; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 19; Dale, 1921, p. 103; Oldroyd,

1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 270, Tryon reference incorrect; Grant and Cjale, 1931, p. 689;

Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 232; Keen, 1937, p. 29; Burcii, 1945, no.

51, p. 23
Columbella (Seminclla) sttbturrita (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 178,

pi. 58, fig. 47
Anachis petravis Dall, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 34, no. 1610, p. 250 fide Dall,

1916, Nautilus, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 26

"Aspect of small Rissoina. 20 faint ribs: no spiral sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 664]
Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1866). The following lines should
be added to make the copy complete :

;;. . . div. 30°.

"Hab. San Diego, Cooper. From shell washings.

"The only specimen seen of this tiny species is not quite mature, and has formed no
labral teeth." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 223]
In the Oldroyd copy delete "mm."

The holotype of this species is in the U. S. National Museum, no. 14952. It is labelled
"San Diego Cooper." The specimen has plications on the interior of the labrum, but there
are none on the labium.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 14952 [U. S. National Museum no. 110645,
holotype A. petravis Dall]

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Tres Marias
Islands, Mexico (Burch)

Genus Columbella Lamarck, 1799
"Columbella" santa-barbarensis Carpenter

This species was described and named by Carpenter (1856, p. 208) as C. Santa-Barbaren-
sis from that area of distribution. Later Carpenter (1864b, p. 535, 567, 625) corrected the
distribution and thereby renamed the species C. reevci. The substitute name, of course,
could only be applied unless the original was a lujmynym. Unfortunately this is not the case,
and the first name must stand.

GASTROPODA 213

The species docs not belong in the fauna of this report. Tlie syntypes arc in the Redpath
Museum, no. 74. They will be figured in tlie report of tlie Carpenter types of the Lower
California area.

Genus Aesopus Gould, 1860
Aesopus Gould, 1860, Boston. Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. 7, p. 383
Type species by monotypy Aesopus japaniciis Gould, 1860, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc,

vol. 7. Recent. Kagoshima Bay, Japan.

Aesopus chrysalloides (Carpenter)
(PI. 23, figs. 18-20)

?Amycla chrysalloidea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 662; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 148; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. HI, p. 223; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. Z7

Columbella (MitrcUa) chrysalloidea (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p.
135, pi. 50, fig. 42

Columbella (Aesopus) chrysalloidea (Carpenter), William.son, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 213; Arnold, 1903, p. 237, pi. V, fig. 6 shape not typical

Aesopus chrvsalloideus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 105; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p.
279; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 703; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 24

Aesopus chrysalloides (Carpenter), Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 232; Wood-
ring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77

"Shape of Truncaria eurvtoides, but mouth not efifuse : spirally furrowed. Shoal-water,
Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 662]

A copy of part of Carpenter's (1866) notes was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The
following changes should be made in her copy : Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 25°.

"Hab. San Pedro, 1 on beach ; San Diego, 30, some alive in 8 fms. on sand, in upper
part of bay. Cooper.

"This is one of the most beautiful, (without a knowledge of either animal, or operculurn)
but most puzzling of the small shells of California. It has relations with Euryta, Truncaria,
Metula, and Daphnella." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 223]

The type material consists of five specimens in the U. S. National Museum with a label,
"San Diego Cooper" in writing. A printed label of "San Pedro" is included. Thus one can-
not segregate the specimens by exact locality.

The chief characteristic of sculpture is the presence of the regular microscopic spiral
striations over the whole surface. Such striations are on the young shells as well as on
adults. The immature shells are less slender, and the spire is not so elevated as on the
older specimens. A short and stubby young individual has plications on the interior of the
labrum similar to those on the adult. The apex of the shells is minute and sharp. There is a
band just below the suture; some have brown spots in their coloration.

Dimensions. — Length 10 mm. ; greatest diameter 4 mm. (largest) ; length 3.5 mm. ;
greatest diameter 2 mm. (smallest)

Syntypes.— U. S. National Museum, no. 14953 (15325C)

Distribution.— Recent. San Diego, or San Pedro, California (type) ; Santa Monica to
San Diego, California (Burch). Pleistocene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946)

Aesopus eurytoides (Carpenter)
(PI. 23, figs. 14-17)
Truncaria eurvtoides Carpenter, 1864a, July, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 47;
Reprint, 1872, p. 220; 1864b, Aug., p. 619; Reprint, 1872, p. 105; Tryon, 1882, Man.
Conch., vol. IV, p. 10; Pace, 1902, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 5, p. 80
Aesopus eurytoides (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 105; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 278;
Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 23, 24

"Common; rubbed. Also Guacomayo, in the Smithsonian Museum." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 619]

Oldroyd (1927) republislicd the Carpenter description (1864a). In her copy read .3 for
.03, .2 for .02 and add "div. 23°" at the end of the line

214 MARINE Mt^LLLSCA DESCKJBED BY 1'. I'. CARPENTER

The type material consists of seven specimens in the U. S. National Museum, labelled
"Cape St. Lucas Xantus."

One specimen has a brown tip of three whorls. The others have the whorls white. The
shells are partially transparent, and some have a few light-brown spots. All have fine
longitudinal ribs or lines. One specimen has a smooth body whorl and has fine teeth on the
inside of the labrum. Other individuals have the labrum smooth within. Some specimens
show a band below the sutures ; others do not have this feature.

Dimensions. — Largest syntype : length 18 mm.; greatest diameter 5 mm.; syntype :
length 6 mm. ; greatest diameter 2 mm.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, No. 4148

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Diego, California, to
Panama (Dall)

Family Xassariidae
Genus Nassarius Dumeril, 1806

Nassarius Dumeril, 1806, Zoologie Analytique, p. 166 genus without species.

Type species by monotypy Froriep's translation of Dumeril, 1806, Anal. Zool., p. 167 see
Iredale, 1916, Mai. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 12, p. 83 B. ancularia [sic]. Biiccimim
arcularia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 737: Recent. Philippines. Tryon, 1882,
Man. Conch., vol. IV, pi. 7, figs. 9, 10

Nassarius insculptus (Carpenter)

Nassa insculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 616, 662; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 102, 148; 1866,
California Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc, IH, p. 223; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 36; Tryon, 1882, Man. Conch., vol. IV, p. 38, Zeuxis pi. 12, fig. 154
identified by Stearns; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212,
pi. XXIII, fig. 6 not type as stated; Arnold, 1903, p. 233

Not Nassa insculpta Carpenter, Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur.,
p. 253 fide Dall, 1917, p. 576

Alectrion insculptus (Carpenter), Dall, 1917, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 51, no. 2166,
p. 576

Alectrion (Zeuxis) insculptus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 103

Alectrion {Schizopyga) insculptus (Carpenter), Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 267, pi.
26, fig. 12

Nassarius insculptus (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 677; Burch, 1945, no. 51,
p. 6; Keen, 1937, p. 41; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, p. 187; Demond, 1951, Nautilus, vol. 65, no. 1, p. 17; 1952, Pacific Science,
vol. VI, no. 4, p. 312, pi. II, fig. 3, eupleura fig. 1 ; Abbott, 1954, p. 237, fig. 53f same
fig. as Williamson, 1892

Nassarius (Zeuxi.<;) insculptus (Carpenter), Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep),
p. 229, fig. 221 same as Williamson, 1892

"Cat. Is., living in 40 fm., rare" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613]

"Zeuxis, with varix and non-reflexed callus. Spirally grooved. 40 fm. living, r. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 662]

The description of 1865 of this species was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The follow-
ing notes should be added to make that copy complete :

Delete "mm."

Add:

". . . State Collection 1008.

''. . . div. 45°.

"Hab. Catalina Insland, 30-40 fm. ; 15 mostly alive, but few mature; animal white;
Cooper.

"This singularly beautiful species probably belongs to the section Zeuxis, H. & A. Adams.
The callus is slightly reflexed in the best specimen." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 223]

Although the explanation of the figure of tliis species given in Williamson stipulated
"Type specimen 46625," the label with the specimen in the U. S. National Museum no. 46625
does not so indicate. It reads "San Pedro Stearns Coll." The original material was collected
by Cooper and belonged to the California State Collection, so that tlie Stearns shells could
not be types.

GASTROPOnA 215

A. insciilf'tits cuplcura Dall (1917, p. 576) is not regarded by workers as of subspecific
rank (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 677; Burch, 1945, no. 57, p. 6).

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Point Arena, California, to
Cerros Island, Lower California (Dall). Pliocene (Grant and Gale). Pleistocene (Arnold)

Family Xeptuxeidae
Genus Calicantharus Clark, 1938

Calicanthanis Clark, 1938, Geol. Soc. American, Bull., vol. 49, no. 5, p. 712 as subgenus

Cantlwriis
Type species by original designation, Pisania fortis Carpenter, 1866, Ann. IMag. Nat.

Hist., ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 277. Pleistocene. California. Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew,

1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, pi. 29, figs. 28, 29

Calicantharus fortis (Carpenter)

Pisania fortis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 539; Reprint, 1872, p. 25; 1866, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 3, vol. XVII, p. 275, 277; Reprint, 1872, p. 322, 324; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept.

California State Min. Bur., p. 260; Arnold, 1903, p. 227; Van Winkle [Palmer],

1921, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 36, no. 8, p. 350 type not found
Canthanis fortis (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 647, pi. 28, fig. 2 see for further

synonymy; Hanna and Hertlein, 1941, Div. Mines, California, Bull, no. 118, pt. 2,

fig. 64—12 Pliocene
Calicantliarus fortis (Carpenter), Clark, 1938, Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 49, p. 712;

Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prop. Paper 207, p. 75, pi. 29,

figs. 28, 29

"P. testa P. insigni simili, sed soldidiore ; crassissima, sculptura valde impressa ; anfr,
norm, v., parum rotundatis, suturis distinctis ; costis radiantibus t. juniore circ. XII.,
obtusis, parum expressis, postea obsoletis ; liris spiralibus validis, crebis (quarum t. juniore
v.. postea X., in spira monstrantur), subaequalibus, anticis majoribus; canali recurvata;
lacuna umbilicali magna; labro intus crebrilirato; labio conspicuo, spiraliter rugose lirato.

"Hab. Sta Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jezcett).

"Col. Jewett's single specimen is in very fine condition, and is confirmed by a fragment
obtained by Mr. Gabb, the paleontologist of the California State Survey. Although re-
sembling Purpura aperfa and congeners in the irregular rugose folds of the labium, and
Siphonalia in the strongly bent canal, Mr. H. Adams considers that its affinities are closest
with the Cautharus group of Pisania. That genus is extremely abundant in the tropical
fauna, but does not now live in California. It is the only distinctly tropical shell in the whole
collection ; and its presence, along with so many boreal species and types, appears some-
what anomalous, like the appearance of Valuta and Cassidaria in the Crag fauna. It is dis-
tinguished from the extreme forms of P. insignis by having the spiral lirae pretty equally
distributed over the early whorls, by the close internal ribbing of the labrum, by the absence
of the stout posterior parietal tooth, and bv the great development of the columellar folds."
[Carpenter, 1866, p. 277]

The only type has been lost. The species is rare in the San Pedro sand at Deadman
Island, Timms Point silt, and Palos Verdes sand but common in the Lomita marl of the
Pleistocene series of the San Pedro area.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Lower Pleistocene.^"* Santa Barbara formation ; near Santa Barbara,
California (type). Lower and upper Pleistocene. Palos Verdes Hills, California (Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew-)

Genus Exilioidea Grant and Gale, 1931

Exilioidea Grant and Gale. 1931, Saji Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Mem., vol. I, p. 665
Type species by original designation, Chrysodomus rectirostris Carpenter, 1865, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, p. 64. Recent. Behm Canal, Alaska, to Cape San Quintin, Lower
California. Bentson, 1940, Univ. California Pub., Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 25, pi. 1, fig. 22

Exilioidea rectirostris (Carpenter)

Chrvsodoinus rectirostris Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 664; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
Proc., vol. 17, p. 64; Arnold, 1903, p. 228, pi. VII, fig. 7

1"* Also determined as upper Pliocene, or in part upper Pliocene and lower Pleistocene.

216 MARINE MOLLTTSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Siplw rcctirostris (Carpenter), Tkyon, 1881, Man., Conch., vol. Ill, p. 131, pi. 53, fig. 348
copy KoBELT, t. 45, fig. 7 poor illustration of type (see Tryon for reference)

Tritonofiisiis {Plicifiisics) rcctirostris (Carpenter), Dall, 1902, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 24, no. 1264, p. 525, not pi. XXXIV, fig. 2

? Exilia rcctirostris (Carpenter), Dall, 1918, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 54, p. 221

Exilia rcctirostris (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 92; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.
Station, vol. 4, p. 90 not pi. 19, fig. 2 same as Dall, 1902, pi. XXXIV, fig. 2; Oldroyd,
1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 206, not pi. 6, fig. 7, pi. 28, fig. 2 same as Dall, 1902, pi. XXXIV,
fig. 2

Exilioidca rcctirostris (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 665, pi. 28, fig. 5; Baily,
1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 251, not fig. 257 same as Dall, 1902; Keen, 1937,
p. 36; Bentson, 1940, Univ. California Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 25, no. 5, p. 203,
224, pi. 1, fig. 22 " Exiloidea" ; Bartsch, 1945, Nautilus, vol. 59, no. 2, p. 61, pi. 7, figs. 2,
3, 6; BuRCH, 1945, no. 50, p. 16; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,
Prof. Paper 207, p. 74, pi. 32, fig. 12; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 186

"Small, white, smooth, with straight canal." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 664]
A copy of Carpenter's (1865) description has been published by Oldroyd (1927). The

following typographical corrections should be made in her copy :

Line 3: insert space between "costulis" and "radiantibus" ; line 4: read "lineis" for

"lincis" ; add "div. 2>i°" to the dimensions :
Add:

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano, specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

"Aspectu Belam, forma Perronam, nisi labro baud sinuato, commemorat : characteribus
plurimis subgeneri Siphoni convenit." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 64]

Carpenter's first description (1864) of a smooth shell has confused authors such as
Arnold (1903) who apparently was not aware of Carpenter's later (1865) notes in regard to
the species. Carpenter at that time described the radiating costae, which, however, are fine.
Tryon also did not take cognizance of the 1865 description. He figured a copy of Kobelt's
illustration, which Tryon stated Dall had sent Kobelt. That drawing and the, later one which
Dall (1902) used to illustrate the species does not depicit the shell properly. Dall's figure
resembles E. kelseyi (Dall) figured by Bartsch (1945).

Dall did not state that the specimen figured (1902, no. 4815, U. S. National Museum)
was the type, as was interpreted by Oldroyd and followed by Grant and Gale. The U. S.
National Museum number of the type is 4515.

The confusion in regard to the holotype of this species was rectified by Bentson, who
included an illustration of the holotype in her paper (1940). That specimen is badly worn.
Bartsch (1945) included a fine illustration of the shell, operculum, head, and verge
of the species and discussed the animal in detail.

The holotype has a label, "Puget Sound Dr. Kennerley."

Dimensions. — Length 45 mm.; greatest diameter 14 mm. (Bentson Fig.)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4515

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Behm Canal, Alaska, to Cape
San Quintin, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale;
Willett, 1937; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew)

Genus Kelletia Fischer, 1884

Kelletia Fischer, 1884, Alan, de Conchyliol., p. 625 (Boyle ms)

Type species by monotypy Siphonalia kelleti (Forbes), 1850, Zool. Soc. London, Proc.,
p. 274, pi. IX, fig. 10. Recent. Santa Barbara, California, to San Quintin Bay, Lower
California. i°5

? Kelletia kelletii (Forbes), 1850, young
Siphonalia fuscotincta Carpenter
(PI. 24, fig. 1)

Siphonalia fuscotincta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 663; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 149; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV^ p. 398; Reprint, 1872, p. 288; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

105 Japan is included in the range of this species by autliors, but Keen (1941, p. 481)
suggested that the Japanese form is an unnamed species.

GASTROPODA 217

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 38; 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 70; Tryox,
1881, Mail. Conch., vol. Ill, p. 134

"Like the same [S. kellettii] in extreme miniature." [Carpenter, 1864b p. 663]

"S. testa minima, turrita, albida, apicem versus fusco tincta ; anfr. nucl. ii, compactis,
subplanatis, apice niamillato; norm. IV., convexis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus
rotundatis, tumentibus, basim versus evanidis, interstitiis undulatis, subaequantibus, lirulis
crebis spiralibus, costas superantibus ; apertura pyriformi in canalem brevem apertum con-
tortum producta; labro acuto; labio baud conspicuo; columella canalem versus valde
contorta. Long. .17, long. spir. .1, lat. .08, div. 32°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jezi'ctt).

"The unique specimen is like a minute edition of Siphonalia Kellettii, but does not ac-
cord with the young of that or of any other species known in the region. It is probably not
mature." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 398]

The holotype of this form is in the Redpath Museum. It bears a label "unique type Sta
Barbara Jewett" and consists of one specimen. The holotype is figured herein. It is, as
Carpenter stated, an immature shell, 5 mm. in length.

Holotype. — Redpath ^luseum, no. 3138

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type)

Family Olividae
Genus Olivella Swainson, 1831

Olivclla SwAiNsox, 1831, Zool. Illustrations, ser. 2, vol. 2, (13), Expl. pi. 58, Oliva, pi. 2

Type species by subsequent designation Dall, 1909, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 59, p. 31,

Oliva purpurata Swainson = O. dama Mawe, Wood, 1828, Suppl. Index Test., pi. 5,

[pi. 4], fig. 37a fide Tryon, 1883. Recent. West Coast Alexico. Tryon, 1883, Man.

Conch., vol. V, pi. 17, fig. 39 copy Sowerby, 1870, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, pi. 349, fig. 369

Olivella baetica Marrat in Sow'erby
(PI. 24, figs. 2-4, 6-8)

Olivella baetica Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 541, 590, 661 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 27, 76, 100,
147 nomen nudum; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 2>6; Gabb,

1869, Pal. California, vol. II, p. 75 {boetica) under 0. pedroana (Conrad) ; Cooper,

1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 68; Marrat in Sowerby, 1871, Thes. Conch., vol.
IV, p. 35, pi. 350, figs. 409, 410; Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 71, pi. 17, figs.
28-31, 34; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212, pi. XIX,
fig. 7; Arnold, 1903, p. 221 boetica in synonymy of O. pedroana (Conrad); Pack.\rd,
1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, p. 341 under O. pedroana (Conrad) ; T. S.
Oldroyd, 1921, Nautilus, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 117, pi. V, figs. 1, la; figs. 2, 3 varieties
(boetica); Dall, 1921, p. 85, pi. 15, fig. 1 boetica; I. S. Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 88, pi. 22, figs. 7, 8 (boetica) same as T. S. Oldroy'd, 1921,
pi. V, figs. 1, la; I. S. Oldroyd, 1927, vol. Ill, pt. I, p. 163, pi. 26, figs. 22 same as T. S.
Oldroyd, 1921, fig. 1, 22a (boetica); Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 627; Berry, 1935,
Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 21, pt. IV, p. 263; Baily, 1935. West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 226, fig. 216; Keen, 1937, p. 43; Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 17, 18, 20, pi. Ill, fig.
21 : Abbott, 1954, p. 247, pi. 20, fig. q

Cf. Olivella nota Marrat in Sowerby, 1871, Thes. Conch., vol. IV, p. 36, pi. 351, fig. 428
Vancouver's Island

"Narrow, dull, thin : has been erroneously called amazora, tergina, petiolita, and rufi-
fasciata." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661]

Carpenter in the preliminary notes (1864b) to the above listed the species from Santa
Barbara (p. 537), Monterey (p. 541), and in the final list (p. 661) from Santa Barbara,
Oregon, California, Monterey, Puget Sound, Vancouver, and region between San Diego
and San Pedro. One may, therefore, deduce that Carpenter was referring to a ubiquitous
coastal Olivella north of the Gulf of California. Carpenter compared his 0. baetica (p. 590)
with Conrad's O. pedroana, and his procedure was followed by Gabb (1869). Carpenter did
not later amplify the above brief and unidentifiable remarks and thereby indicate, as was
his custom, particular specimens from a certain locality.

This species was never adequately described by Carpenter. It lacked an illustration, a
type, and a type locality. Either of the first two items would compensate for the useless

218 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRTBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

descriptive remarks, but both are lacking. A review of tlie literature will reveal that the
problem as to the identity of O. bactica as of Carpenter has not been satisfactorily settled.
With lack of pertinent original data the problem will not be settled from a Carpenter source.
G. L. Wilkins (Oct. 17, 1950, personal communication) kindly reported on the material
of the species in the British Museum (Natural History) as follows:

"We have two sets, one of 3 from Vancouver and one of 4 from San Pedro but none of
them compare with Sowerby's figure. All Mus. Cuming."

There are in the Gould Collection, New York State Museum, Gould Collection A6350,
labelled type^"*^, 8 specimens of O. bactica Carpenter They are all worn individuals. Three
retain faint wavy colored lines. W"ith the specimens is a printed Smithsonian Institution
label of "Olivella baetica Cpr. = O. i>etioIita, Gld. (non Duel.) Hab. Vancouver — CaHfornia."
This label is the standard printed form which the Smithsonian Institution used at the time
that Carpenter was working for the Smithsonian in making up duplicate collections for dis-
tribution. Such labels are familiar to anyone who has examined collections in various museums
which received specimens from the Smithsonian in the late 1860's and 1870's. There is then
nothing to indicate that these 8 shells were types. Gould's personal number (A6350) on them
may mean that they were specimens which Gould identified as pctiolita, which Carpenter
stated (1864b, p. 537) was not the O. petiolifa of Duclos (1844, p. 5). They do not bear an
exact locality. Therefore, so far they do not add any scientific information to the dilemma.
The specimens are apparently those identified as O. baetica Carpenter and figured by Dall,
Oldroyd and others. Two are figured herein (pi. 24, figs. 6-8).

Marrat (1871, p. 35, pi. 350, figs. 409, 410; Tryon, 1883, pi. 17, figs. 28, 29) was the
first to use Carpenter's name with a description, figures, and a type locality. Marrat's
(Sowerby) figures were copied by Tryon (1883). Copies of Marrat's figures and description
are included herein. The writer, therefore, credits O. baetica to Marrat. This does not ap-
parently upset the usual interpretation of O. baetica, and by giving the name a legitimate
parent, a definite type locality, description, and figures are thereby gained. Tryon's sugges-
tion that Marrat's O. nota (1871, pi. 351, fig. 428) from \'ancouver Island might be
referred to O. bactica looks reasonable. It seems to be the same sort of shell that Dall
figured for O. baetica.

"182. BAETICA (f. 409, 410), Carpenter; petiolita, Cow/J.-Quam O. alectona gracili-
usculior, coloribus magis nebulatis variegata ; balteo castaneo, fasciato. — The colours with
which most of the specimens are variegated are more clouded, and the lines more spread into
patches than in Duclos' figure of O. alectona, but the difference seems hardly essential. — ED.
[Sowerby]." [Marrat in Sowerby]

Type. — "O baetica" Carpenter, not found.^o' Holotype, O. nota Alarrat, is in the British
Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology (G. L. Wilkins, Oct. 17, 1950, per-
sonal communication).

Distribution. — Vancouver Island, British Columbia, includes Straits of Juan de Fuca
(type); Kodiak Island, Alaska, to Cape San Lucas, Lower California (Dall)

Olivella biplicata Sowerby
"Olivella glandinaria (Nutt.) MS." Carpenter

Olivella glandinaria Nutt. Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 227; 1857, Rept.
Brit. Assoc. Adv. Aci. 1856, p. 201, 339; 1864b, p. 527, 661 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 13, 147

Cari>enter (1856) described an Olivella from "upper California" wliich Nuttall had
named in manuscript Glandinaria Calijornica. Carpenter (1864) identified the species as
conspecific with O. biplicata, where it continues to be assigned.

1°^ List of Gould types of Mollusca in tiie collection of the State Museum, 27th Ann.
Rept. New York State Mus., 1874, p. 47. Through the courtesy of Dr. Carl Guthe, the
specimens were loaned to the author for photographing. The original spelling of the specific
name was "baetica" not "boetica."

107 The type is not in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelpina, as reixjrted by
Oldroyd (1927).

GASTROPODA 219

Olivella intorta Carpenter
(PI. 24, fig. 5)

Olivella intorta Carpenter, 1857, Kept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 228, 234, 339, 352;
Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 207;
Carpenter, 1860, Smith. ^Nlisc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 11 "Mexican and Panamic prov-
ince"; not Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 36; not Cooper,
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 68; Marrat in Sowerby, 1871, Thes. Conch., vol.
IV, p. 36, pi. 351, fig. 455; Trvon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 66, 220, pi. 14, fig. 62
copy Marrat; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 42; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212 in part, not pi. XIX, fig. 9; Arnold, 1903, p. 220 in
part; not Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. IV, p. 340, pi. 37, fig. 7=0.
pvcna Berry, 1935, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. XXI, pt. IV, p. 264; not Oldroyd,
1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 88 under O. pcdroana Conrad; Grant
and Gale, 1931, p. 626 in part under O. pedroana; Berry, 1935, Malacol. Soc. London,
Proc, vol. XXI, pt. IV, p. 263 discussion of O. pycna; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 227; Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 22i; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946,
U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 185

"O. t. parva, ovoidea, subtumente ; sutura vix sulcata ; albido-grisea, fascia indistincta
subsuturali olivacea, flammulis et maculis purpureo-fuscis plus minusve ornata; apertura
antice aperta, postice angusta ; callositate parietali ad suturam penultimarn producta ; colum-
ella maxime intorta, plica ad basin acuta, in pariete duabus saepe indistinctis ; extus, linea
spirali antica unica.

"Long. .52, long. spir. .17, lat. .26, div. 60°.

"Hab. San Juan; legit Dr. Green. Mus. Gould. Item, loc. incert. ]Mus. Cuming.
"A well-marked species, resembling the West Indian O. bullata, on a much larger scale.
The specimens vary in tumidity and height of spire. The parietal callosity extending over
the penultimate whirl [sic] hides the colour of the spire." [Carpenter, 1856d, p. 207]

The specimen figured by Marrat (in Sowerby, 1871) is the first specimen mentioned by
Carpenter. It is extant in the type collection of the British Museum (Natural History). It
has a label, "San Juan, California Dr. Green" Mus. Cuming (G. L. Wilkins, Oct. 17, 1950,
personal communication). The authorities of the British Museum generously furnished the
included photograph of the type.

The specimen figured by Williamson (1892) is one of several, no. 47202, U. S. National
Museum, from Santa Cruz, California, collected by Stearns. Under the present luiderstanding
of the species, it, therefore, would not be included under O. intorta.

Holotype. — British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology, 1950.11.9.2

Distribution. — San Juan,io8 Lower California (type)

Carpenter definitely put the San Juan of this locale in the Gulf of California region. He
enumerated the other San Juans which might be confused with the one under consideration.

Family Mitridae

Mitra maura Nuttall, ms., Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 227: 1860. Smith
Misc. Coll., V. 2, art. 6, p. 4, nomen nudum, not Mitra maura Broderip (1836. p. 193)
Carpenter mentioned this shell as in the Nuttall Collection from "upper California."

Family AIarginellidae
Genus Gibberulina Monterosato, 1884
(Cypraeolina Cerulli-Irelli, 1911 ; Merovia Dall, 1920)
Gibberulina Monterosato, 1884, Nomen. Gen. Spec. Conch. Mediterranee, p. 139
Type species by subsequent designation, Wenz, 1941, Handbuch Palaozool., Bd. 6. teil 6,
p. 1373, G. clanestina (Brocchi), 1814, Conch, foss. subapp., p. 642, pi. XV, fig. II as
Valuta. Pliocene and Recent. Mediterranean
Merovia Dall (1921, p. 86) is synonymous. Volutella pyriformis Carpenter (= Gibberulina
pyrijormis) is the monotype

los Carpenter (1857b, p. 228 San Juan; p. 234 San Juan; p. 339, Gulf of California; p. 352
San Juan: p. 168 Loretto and Bay of San Juan. 26.5° [Gulf of California] : p. 168, "Besides
this station [Bav of San Juan] and the Straits of De Fuca, there is a San Juan on the
opposite shore near Guaymas ; another near San Bias; a Point on the coast near Lake
Nicaragua; and a little island beween Is. Catalina and San Diego."')

220 MARINE IMOLLUSCA DKSCRIBI':D P.Y V. V. CARPENTER

Gibberulina pyriformis (Carpenter)
(PI. 24, figs. 13-16)

Volutella pvrifonuis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 147; 1865, Tour, de Conchyl.,
vol. Xlil, p. 148; Reprint. 1872, p. 316; Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p.
68; ToMLiN, 1912, Alalacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 12, p. 293

MarqhieUa pyriformis (Carpenter), Redfield, 1867, Cat. Alarginellidae, p. 253; Cooper,
1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 36; Trvox, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V,
p. 41, pi. 13, fig. 38; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 43; Williamson, 1892, U. S.
Nat:. Mus.. Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212, pi. XX, fig. 5 type U. S. Nat. Mus.

Merovia pyriformis (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 86

Cypraeolina pyriformis (Carpenter), Dall, 1923, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 63, no. 2478,
p. 2 corrected Merovia 1921 ; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4,
p. 88; 1927, vol. II. pt. 1. p. 166; Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 223. fig.
214 type, same as William.son, 1892; Keen, 1937, p. 34; Burch, 1945. no. 49, p. 27;
WooDRiNG, Bramlette, AND Kew. 1946, U. S. Nat. Mus., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77

Hyalinn (Cypraeolina) pyriformis (Carpenter). Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 632

Gibberulina p\riformis (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 260, fig. 56n same figure as William-
son, 1892

"Genus of Swainson (not D'Orb.) = Closia, Gray. Like V. margaritula, Maz. Cat. no.
589, but produced in front." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661]

Oldroyd published a copy of Carpenter's description (1865), but to make that copy com-
plete the following changes should be made :

Correct "Long., .01" to ".1."

Add:

"Hab. San Diego, Cooper. — California, 'Pacific Railivay exploring Expedition.'

"Cette espece ressemble au V. margaritula (Maz. Cat., no. 589), mais elle est plus al-

longee en avant. Le genre Volutella, Swainson (non d'Orbigny), correspond au genre

Closia de Gray." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 148]

G. margaritula (Carpenter) (1857a, p. 462) measures long. .073; lat. .047 largest speci-
men.

There are in the U. S. National Museum two syiitypes which are on an original Carpenter
glass mount with a Carpenter label, "S. l')iego (Cooper)." The two shells are figured
herein. One is immature. A drawing of tlie other, an adult individual, was included in
William.son's paper (1892) on the shells of San Pedro Bay. The writer, therefore, selects
that shell as the Icctotype.

There are also in the Redpath Museum at McGill L"^niversity 13 syntypcs on an
original Carpenter glass mount with a Carpenter label "type. S. Diego Monterey." Two
of those specimens are figured herein. The McGill shells are less globose than the lectotype.
The measurements of the lectotype length 2.5 mm. by greatest diameter 1.5 mm., are
practically those of the type measurements ("2.53 cm. by .1 — 2.53 nun. length; 2.53 cm. by
.065 = 1.6435 mm. lat.)

Types. — Lectotype, U. S. National Museum, no. 14950 (larger of two) ; paratypes, Red-
path Museum, no. 83 (as Gibberula)

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Ishut Bay, Alaska, to Mazatlan,
Mexico (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd. 1925, as C. margaritula: Grant and Gale;
Willett, 1937; Woodring. Bramlette. and Kew) ; ^Icxico (Jordan, 1926)

Genus Cystiscus Stimpson, 1865

Cystiscus Stimpson, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1. 1865. p. 55

Type species by monotypy C. capcnsis Stimpson. 1865. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1 not of

DuNKER, 1848. S. Africa Moll. (Krauss), p. 125. = Marginefla cystiscus Redfield, 1870,

Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 2, Suppl. p. 226, 230. Recent. Cape of Good Hope.

Stimpson, 1865, .Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, pi. 8, fig. 2; Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch.,

vol. V, pi. 12, fig. 70; pi. 2, fig. 11

For lack of anatomical data the species C. jcu'ctti, C. rcgularis, and C. subtrigona are
left as previously classified. By comparison of the illustrations of C. jewcttii and C. regularis
(pis. 24, 26) one can see how posteriorly the extent of the aperture approaches that of

GASTROPODA

221

Gibbcrul'ma pyrijormis. C. suhlriyona has the aperture shortened posteriorly, so that the
species does not seem to belong with C. jcwetti and C. rcgularls. Tentatively the species is
left in the genus Cystiscus. C. snbtrigona has denticulations on the outer lip, as in G. pyri-
formis, but it represents an extreme from G. pyrijormis in the posterior character of the
aperture.

Cystiscus jewettii (Carpenter)
(PI. 24, figs. 19-21 ; PI. 26, figs. 1, 2)

MargincUa Jcivetti Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc.,
p. 207 ; 1857, Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1856, p. 228, 339, 349 ; 1860, Smith. Misc.
Coll., vol. 6, art. 6, p. 4; 1864b, p. 537, 661 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 147; Reeve, 1865, Icon.
Conch., vol. 15, MargincUa, not pi. XXVI fig. 146; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 36; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 68; Tryon, 1883,
Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 43, not pi. 12, fig. 57 copy Ree\^; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells,
p. 43, cf. fig. 23 ; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 249 ; Williamson,
1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212, pi. XIX, fig. 6; Arnold, 1903, p.
221; Tomlin, 1917, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 12, p. 273; Ball, 1921, p. 85;
Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 164; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 222,
fig. 212 same as Williamson; Keen, 1937, p. 39; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 185

Hyalina (Cystiscus) jezvettii (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 630, pi. 24, fig. 17
var. nanella Oldroyd, see for additional references

Cxstiscus jcivctti (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 24, 26

Hyalina jciuettii (Carpenter), Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur.,
" Prof. Paper 207, p. 77

Pcrsicula (Gibbentla) jcwetti (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 258

". . . Cpr. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 207. Like the Mogador species, somewhat shorter and broader.
10-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661]

A copy of the original description with translation was published by Oldroyd (1927).
In the first line of that copy the word "sutura" should be inserted before the word "celata."
The following should be added to make the copy of the original notes complete:

". . . div. 120°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, rarissime {Col. Jezvett). Mus. Gould.

"Closely resembling the small white species from the Panama, W. Indian and N. African
provinces ; but distinguished from all in shape and plications." [Carpenter, 1856d, p. 207]

In the Redpath Museum, there are 10 specimens of this species in the Carpenter Collec-
tion mounted on glass and labelled by Carpenter as "Gibberula Jewettii Cpr. type Sta.
Barbara Jewett." These are the only specimens found so far which have been definitely
labelled by Carpenter with the data corresponding with that of the original description.

At the New York State Museum in the Gould Collection, A4268, there is a shell which
William Marshall, when arranging the collection, felt might be the type of this species. The
label with the specimen reads "Sta. Barbara No. 30 very rare Marginella new" with nota-
tion "appears like Cooper's handwriting." Carpenter records in his original description that
a specimen was in the Gould Collection. The New York State specimen is not listed in the
catalogue of Gould "types" (27th Ann. Rept. State IMus. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 47), so that the
shell was not regarded as a "type" when it was turned over to the New York State Aluseum.
The writer includes a photograph of the specimen. It might be the one referred to. If syn-
types had not been found, it would be available for neotype designation.

Oldroyd (1927) stated incorrectly that the type is in the British Museum, and Tomlin,
followed by Grant and Gale, stated erroneously that the type is in the U. S. National
Museum.

The illustration in Reeve (copied by Tryon) does not depict C. jczvetti. The figure
by Williamson (also Baily, 1935, fig. 212) represents a typical form.

Syntypcs. — Redpath ^^luseum. No. 80

Distribution.— Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to San
Martin, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd; Chaces ;
Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew) ; Mexico (Jordan)

222 ^rARlXE ^tOLLUSCA DESCRTBF.n BY P. P. CARPENTER

Cystiscus regularis (Carpenter)
(PI. 24, figs. 9-12)

Margiuclla regularis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 661; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 147; 1865, Ann
Mag. Nat. Hist., scr. 3, vol. XV, p. 398; Reprint, 1872, p. 287; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 36; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 68; Tryon
1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 43, pi. 12, fig. 56; Iveep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 43
Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 15, no. 898, p. 212; Dall, 1921, p. 85
Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 164; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 222
Keen, 1937, p. 39; Smith a.nd Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol
XXVI, p. 185

Hyalina (Cystbcus) regularis (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 631

Cystiscus regularis (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 24, 26

Persicida (Gibberula) regularis (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 258

"Between Jczvettii and minor, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 587. Beach — 20 fm. Cp." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 661]

Oldroj'd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's (1865) description. The following
should be changed in her copy :
Add:

". . . div. 120°.

Delete "poll."

"Hah. Sta. Barbara (Jcwett) ; coast of California south from Monterey, beach to 20
fathoms; Catalina Island, 10-20 fathoms. State Coll. no. 398a {Cooper)." [Carpenter,
1865h, p. 398]

Specimens marked type of tliis species have been found in the Redpath Museum, McGill
University, and the U. S. National Museum. Those at McGill were labelled by Carpenter
"type" S. Diego Monterey," and there are six specimens.

The specimens at the U. S. National Museum is labelled "type Cpr. [Cp.] 398 Sta.
Barbara Jewctt." This specimen represents the first mentioned of the seven syntypes avail-
able. The locality of this shell is definite, whereas that of the AicGill specimens is not. The
writer therefore selects the U. S. National Museum specimen, no. 55391 (pi. 24, figs. 11,
12,) as the lectotype. This makes Santa Barbara the type locality.

The reference in Oldroyd and others to the type depository as the Britisli Museum is
incorrect.

There is probably a finer sixth plication on the columella tlian is conspicuous in the
photographs.

Tv/TJ-.^Lectotypes, U. S. National Museum, no. 55391 ; paratypes (6), Redpath Museum,
no. 82

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type). Pleistocene. California (Grant
and Gale) Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Cystiscus subtrigona (Carpenter)
(PI. 26, figs. 3-4)

Maniinclla .uihtrigona Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 661; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 147; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 397; Reprint, 1872, p. 287; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 36; Tryon, 1883, Man. Conch., vol. V, p. 43, pi. 12, fig. 55 ;

Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 43; Dai.l, 1921, p. 85; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I,

p. 164; Raily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 222; Keen, 1937, p. 39
Hyalina {Cystiscu.<!) subtrigona (Carpenter), Grant .\nd Gale, 1931, p. 631
Cystiscus subtrigona (Carpenter), Burcu, 1945, no. 49, p. 24, 26
Persicula {Gibberula) subtrigona (Carpenter), Abbott, 1954, p. 258

"Sliape of Erato columbella." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 661]

Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). Tiie following cor-
rections should be made in her copy :

Line 1 : add "latiore" between "curtiore" and the .semicolon ; correct "parientali" to
"parietali" ; add at the end, "div. 130°. Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jezuett)." Delete "poll."

The holotype and "paratype" of this species are in the Carpenter Collection in the Red-
path Museum intact on the Carpenter original mount, with the original label, "Gibberula

GASTROPODA

223

subtrigona Cpr.* type Sta. Barbara Jewett Monterey." JMgurcs are included of both speci-
mens. The holotype (specimen marked* by Carpenter) has denticulations on the interior of
the labrum, as will readily be seen. Those on the labrum of the "paratype" are less pro-
nounced but visible. The angle of spire, particularly the right side, of the "paratype" is
greater than that of the holotype, the body whorl is broader, and the character of the
plications on the inner lip is different. The "paratype" does not belong to the same species
and should be separated. It is recorded here only as original reference (PI. 26, fig. 5).

Oldroyd's statement, followed by Grant and Gale, that the type is in the British Museum
is incorrect.

Tj/T.?.— Holotype and "paratype", Redpath Museum, no. 81

Distribution.— Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey to San Diego, Cali-
fornia (Dall), to San Martin, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Oldroyd,
1925; Grant and Gale)

Family Cancei.lariidae
Genus Admete Kroyer (in Moller)

Admctc Kr0ver in Moller, if'-' 1842, Index Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 15; 1842, Xaturhist.

Tidsskr.. 4 (1), p. 88 .

Type species by monotypy Admctc crispa M5ller, 1842, = A. inridula (Fabricius),

Fabricius, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 402 as Tritoniiim; Recent. Northern Atlantic.

Tryon, 1885, Man. Conch., vol. VII, pi. 7, f^gs. 23-28; Kobelt, 1887, Syst. Conchyl.—

Cab. Martini and Chemnitz, genus Admctc, pi. 24, figs. 1-7

Distribution of genus. — Pliocene — Recent

Admete gracilior (Carpenter in Gabb)
(PI. 26, figs. 6, 7)

Canccllaria gracilior Carpenter in Gabb, 1869, Pal. Geol. Sur. California, vol. 11, p. 50;
Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 231

Admete gracilior (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 219, pi. VII, fig. 4; Keen, 1937, p. 28 Re-
cent; Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 77

Admete couthoucyi gracilior (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 84; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I,
p. 158

[Cf.] Admete modesta gracilior (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 623, pi. 23, fig. 5

Massyla (Massyla) gracilior (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 9, 11

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's original description with a translation. The
following should be changed in her copy.

Delete "in."
Add:

". . . div. 38.°"

"Hab. Santa Barbara, Post-Pliocene. Of this extremely elegant species, two specimens
were found by Mr. Gabb, of which one is very perfect. It greatly resembles C. modesta from
Neeah Bay, but is much more slender. The nucleus is chrysodermoid, very slanting, with
sunken spire." [Carpenter, in Gabb, 1869, p. 50]

The specimens by which Grant and Gale and Burch illustrated A. modesta are not of
typical A. modesta. Both pictures seem to represent the same group as that of the individual
figured by Arnold as A. gracilior. Grant and Gale described theirs as possibly A. gracilior
of Carpenter but not of Arnold.

Dimensions. — Holotype : 8.8 mm. height ; 4.5 mm. width. Paratype ; 7.5 mm. height ;
3.8 mm. width

Holotype. — Aluseum of Paleontology, University of California, no. 15530; paratype,
same depository, no. 15531

Distribution. — Pleistocene. Santa Barbara, California (type). Lower Pleistocene. Timms
Point silt, Lomita marl, San Pedro sand. Upper Pleistocene. Palos Verdes sand (Woodring.
Bramlette, and Kew). Until more knowledge of this species is available the writer is
omitting the Recent range, as given by Dall (1921).

i°9 Moller credited the genus to Kr0yer.

224 MARINE MOLI.USCA DESCRIIIKD BY P. P. CARPENTER

Admete modesta (Carpenter)
(PI. 24, figs. 17, 18)

Cancellaria modesta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 660; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 146; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., sen 3, vol. XV, p. 32; Reprint, 1872, p. 245; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 35; Tryon, 1885, Man. Conch., vol. VII, p. 84; Keen,

1937, p. 32
Cancellaria (Sveltia) modesta (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 84; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget

Sound Biol. Station, vol. 24, p. 86; 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 154
Admete vwdesta (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 622 in part, not pi. 27, fig. 5
Massvh (Massyla) modesta (Carpenter), Rurch, 1945, no. 49, p. 8, 10 not p. 47, pi. Ill,

fig. 13

"Like Trichotropls borcalis, willi two slanting i)laits and spiral ribs travelling up the
paries. See also p. 615, nos. 463, 817." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 660]

Oldroyd (1927) republished a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). The last word,
"in.", should be deleted from that copy and "div. 50°" inserted. The following should be
added to make the copy complete :

"Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen and one fragment. (Szcan)." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 32]

The holotype is a w^orn specimen in the U. S. National Museum with an original Car-
penter label, "Type Neeah Bay [sic] W. T. J. G. Swan." The apical whorls are badly
decorticated. The spiral ribs are coarse, 4 on the penultimate whorl, and about 11 on the
whole of the body whorl. There are finer, intervening spiral ribs on the first three primary
spiral ribs of the body whorl. Apparently Carpenter counted only the 7 major spiral ribs
on the body whorl. That number as given by Carpenter would coincide with such on the
type. The holotype is worn, but there is no evidence that longitudinal ribs ever existed.
There are two primary cohimellar folds.

The individual figured by Burch seems to belong to the same group as the one illustrated
by Grant and Gale, which they suggested might be A. gracilior (a "variety").

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16238

Distribution. — Ncah Bay, Washington (type) ; Aleutian Islands, .-Maska, to Neah Bay
and Puget Sound, Washington (Dall)

Family Terebridae
Genus Terebra Bruguiere, 1789

Tercbra Bruguii^re, 1789, Encyclopedia Methodique, Hist. Nat. des Vers, vol. 1, Index.

p. XV; DE.SHAYES, 1816, vol. 3, pi. 402; Dodge, 1947, Jour. Paleont, vol. 21, no. 5, p. 488
Type species by monotypy, Lamarck, 1799, Soc. hist. nat. Paris, Mem., p. 71 Buccimim

subulatum Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12ed., p. 1205. Living. Indo-Pacific. Tryon, 1885,

Man. Conch., vol. VII, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 3; pi. 3, fig. 35

.Subgenus Strioterebrum Sacco, 1891

.Strioterebrnm Sacco, 1891, Molluschi dei Terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria,

pt. 10, p. 33
Type species by original designation, Terebra basteroti Nyst, 1845, Descr. Coq. Polyp.

foss. Belgique, Mem. cour. Acad., t. XVII, p. 582; Miocene. France. Italy. Sacco, 1891,

Moll. Terr. Terz. Piemonte Liguria, pt. 10, pi. II, fig. 1

Terebra (Strioterebrum) "Philippiana" Dall

(Pi. 21. figs. 11, 12)

Mvurella .<!iwplc.r Carpenter, 1864b. p. 537. 614, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 100. 143; 1865, Ann.
'Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 395; Reprint, 1872, p. 285: Cooper, 1867, Gcog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 31 : Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 56. not fig. 40 if

the drawing is correct; Batlv, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 265, not fig. 283

copy of original.
Terebra 7'ariegafa Gray, Tryon, 1885, ATan. Conch., vol. VIT. p. 14 in part
Terebra (Acu.';) simplex (Carpenter). Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. IS,

no. 898, p. 207; Arnold, 1903, p. 198
Terebra (.Strioterebrum) pedroanum philippiaiiimi Datl. 1921 [not 1920], p. 67 new name

for Terebra simplex Carpenter 1865 not Conrad, 1830, Acad. X^at. Sci. Philadelphia,

Jour., .ser.l. vol. VT, p. 226; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 60
Not Terebra philippiana Deshayes, 1859, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 289

GASTROPODA 225

Terebra (Strioterebrum) albocincta Carpenter var. pcdroana Dall, Grant and Gale, 1931,

p. 469, pi. 24, figs. 18, 24 variants, see for additional references
Terebra {Strioterebrum) pedroa)W, Dall, Willett, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans.,

vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 393
Terebra philippiana Dall, Keen, 1937, p. 46

Terebra {Strioterebrum) pedroana philippiana Dall, Hurch, 1945, no. 48, p. 18, 19
Terebra pedroana "philippiana" Dall, Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Nat.

Mus., Prof. Paper 207, p. 78

"Very variable in sculpture, as befits the species which forms the northern limit of a
group common between the tropics. Col. Jewett's shell was in poor condition, and supposed
to be the young of a Gulf species." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 614]

Carpenter's description (1865) of this species was republished by Oldroyd (1927, p. 69).
The following should be added to make that copy complete :

"Long. 1.03, long. spir. .76, lat. .27, div. 20°.

"Variat tuberculis subobsoletis.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara {Jezvett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper). [Cari)enter, 1865h, p. 395]

The holotype of this species is a plump shell with the apical whorls broken and worn.
The nodes are strong on the sutural collar. Below the nodose area are four or five spiral
lines which are lacking just above the suture. There are more spiral lines on the upper
whorls of the spire. The spiral lines are also present on the basal angle of the body whorl.
The longitudinal ribs are stronger on the upper whorls.

The holotype^i" bears the label "San Pedro J. G. Cooper", which identifies the specimen
as the second one mentioned by Carpenter. Because the exact relationship of this species
and its nomenclature are still unsettled (its specific name is preoccupied, and apparently
papers are in manuscript in regard to these points) the writer merely lists the species under
Dall's preoccupied name.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4943

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Gulf of
California (Dall). Pleistocene. California; (Arnold; Grant and Gale; Willett; Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Terebra albocincta, T. Hindsii, T. subnodosa, and T. rufocinera were all described by
Carpenter in the Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca (1857) and
properly belong in the report on the illustration of the types of that catalogue. The types of
the new species described in that catalogue are in the British Museum.

Family Turridae
Genus Ophiodermella Bartsch, 1944

Ophiodcrmella Bartsch, 1944, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. 57, p. 61
Type species by original designation, Ophiodcrmella ophioderma (Dall) = Snrcula ophio-
derma Dall, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 34, no. 1610, p. 247 new name for
Pleurotoma inermis Hinds, 1843, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 2>7 ; 1844, Voy. Sulphur,
Moll., p. 16, pi. V, fig. 7. Not P. inermis Partsch, 1842, Neue Aufst. der Petref. — Samml.
des. K. K. Hof.-Miner.— Cab. Nr. 960, 1842 fide Hornes, 1856, Abb. K. K. Geol. Reich.,
Bd. Ill, p. 349. Recent. Baulinas Bay, California, to Ballenas Lagoon, Lower California
(Dall, 1921)

Ophiodermella cancellata (Carpenter)
(O. rhines Dall, 1908)

Drillia cancellata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 144; 1865, Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 63; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 32; Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 183; Arnold, 1903, p. 204
Surcula rhines Dall, 1908, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 34, no. 1610, p. 247, 248 new name

for Drillia cancellata Carpenter, 1865
Moniliopsis cancellata (Carpenter), Dall, 1918, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 54, p. 318

110 There are several minor errors in the literature in connection with the record of
this species which special attention may help to clear up : The date of T. philippiana Dall
is 1921, not 1920; holotype of T. simplex is in the U. S. National Museum, not in the
British Museum; the type locality is San Pedro, California, and not Santa Barbara,
California.

226 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

MonUiopsis rhines (Dall), Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 56, no. 2288, p. 28,

pi. 8, fig. 5
Clathrodrillia (MonUiopsis) rhines Dall, 1921, p. 70; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound

Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 76, pi. 5, fig. 4 figure obscure, difficult to determine; 1927, vol. II,

pt. 1, p. 74
MonUiopsis incisa (Carpenter), Graxt and Gale, 1931, p. 565 D. cancellata in part
Clathodrillia rhines (Dall), Keen, 1937, p. 33
OphiodcruicUa rhines (Dall), BuRcn, 1946, no. 62, p. 10

"Drillia* cancelhita, ? n.s. Like the voung of iiicisa, but nodosely cancellated." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 658J

"*A peculiar group of .species, resembling ClioncUa (Marine, testa Sfinipson)."

Carpenter's description (1865) of this species was republisiied by Oldroyd (1927) under
Clathrodrillia rhines Dall. The following line should be added to complete that copy:

"Hah. In sinu Pugetiano duo specimina legit Kennerley: quorum altero labium sub-
callosum, altero planatum." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 63]

Dall renamed Drillia ca)icellata Carpenter because he considered there were turrids with
the same specific name. However, the original names otlier tlian Carpenter were :

Pleurotoma cancellata Eichwald, 1830, Nat. Lithuaen, p. 225; Deshayes, 1834, Descrip.
Coq. foss. Paris, II, p. 474; Calcaka, 1839, Ricerche Malac, p. 5 ; H. C. Lea, 1841,
Amer. lour. Sci., vol. XL, p. 98; (Sowerby), Wood, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, vol.
IX, p. 542; Gray in Reeve, 1846, Icon Conch., vol. I, Pleurotoma, pi. XXXV, fig. 317.
See Sherborn, 1924, Index animalium, pt. V, p. 1033

These would not preoccupy Drillia cancellata Carpenter. That is, Carpenter's name is
not a primary homonym. Until any of the turrids of the previously named cancellata is
placed in the same genus as Drillia cancellata (Ophioderniella at present) Carpenter's name
is not a secondary homonym and may stand.

Dall (1908; 1919) rejected the name as a secondary homonym, which might be the
basis for the validity of his new name. However, his basis ior claiming homonymy was not
correct.

If the specimen which Dall used for the illustration of MonUiopsis rhines (Dall) (1919,
pi. 8, fig. 5) is considered not the same as O. cancellata (Carpenter), then that specimen
(U. S. National Museum) would become the holotype of .1/. rhines Dall. Unfortunately the
holotype of O. cancellata (Carpenter) has not been found.

The problem of the identity of this species remains unsettled until analyzed in the light
of Bartsch's unpublished turrid paper.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type), British Columbia, to San Diego,
California (Burch)

Ophiodermella incisa (Carpenter)

Drillia incisa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 657, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 143, 144; 1865, Acad.
Sci Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 62; Cooper, 1867, (ieog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 31 ; Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI. p. 182, pi. 12, fig. 41

T arris incisa (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14, no. 2,
p. 342, pi. 41, figs. 2a, 2b

MonUiopsis incisa (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 56, no. 2288, p. 28,
pi 12 fig. 7; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 565 in part, pi. 26, fig. 21 ; Baily, 1935, West
Coast Shells (Keep), p. 262; Wili.et, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans, vol. VIII,
no. 30, p. 394

Clathrodillia (.MonUiopsis) incisa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 70; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.
Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 75, pi. 18, fig. 4 not 3 same fig, as Dall, 1919;
Oldroyd 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 72, pi. 18, fig. 3 same fig. as Dall, 1919 and Oldroyd,
1924

Ophiodermella incisa (Carpenter), Bartscii, 1944, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. 57,
p. 62; Burcii, 1946, no. 62, p. 10.

"Like inermis: spiral sculpture grooved, not raised." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]

GASTROPODA

227

Cart)enter's description (1865) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following
should be changed in her copy.

Line 2, p. 1Z, read .4 for 04.

Add:

". . . , div. 30°.

"Hah. In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley : prope 'Neeah Bay' legerunt Swannii Indianuli,

"A Drilliis typicis sinu minimo et operculo hand angulato conspicue differt : Clionellae,
Grayi, magis convenit." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 63]

Oldroyd's copy (1927, p. IZ) of Tryon (not Pilsbry) should be corrected to read "form
like the preceding \D. inermis not C. ophidenua] species."

The name Drillia incisa Carpenter is not preoccupied by Pleurotoma incisa Reeve, 1843,
unless the latter belongs in the genus O phiodermella in which D. incisa is at present placed.

The study of the West Coast turrids was in manuscript form by Bartsch; figures are
not included herein.

Type. — U. S. National Museum, no. 6320^1^

Distribution.— Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Puget Sound, Washington, to
San Pedro, California (Dall). Pleistocene (see Grant and Gale, 1931)

Genus Cytharella Monterosato, 1875

CyfharcHa Moxteros.a.to, 1875, Bol. Soc. Malac. Italiana, vol. 1, p. 1

Type species bv subsequent designation, Woodring, 1928, Carnegie Inst. \\'ashington. Pub.

no. 385, p. 168; Mwex cosfatiis Donovan, 1803, Nat. Hist. Brit. Shells, vol. 5, pi. 179.

fig. 4; Chenu, 1845, Bib. Conchvl., vol. 1, p. 68, pi. 24, figs. 4-7. Recent. Europe.

Tryon, 1884. Alan. Conch., vol. VI, pi. 21, fig. 8; pi. 22, fig. 42 = C. septangularis

Montagu, 1803

Cytharella aculea Dall

CytliarcUa aculea Dall (1919. p. 74) was named by Dall from a manuscript label of the
specific name of Carpenter. The label of Carpenter might, therefore, be found in old
collections.

Subgenus Agathotoma Cossmann. 189911^

CossMANN, 1899, Rev. crit. Paleozool., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 45 new name for Ditoma Bellardi,
1878, Mem. Accad. Torino, ser. 2, vol. 29, p. 295. Not Ditoma Illiger, 1807, see Neave,
1939-1940

Type species by monotypy Mangelia august a (Jan) in Sismonda, 1842. Syn. An. Invert.
Pedemontii foss., p. 34 fide Bellardi. 1878. Mem. Accad. Torino, ser. 2. vol. 29, pi. VIII,
fig. 40. Miocene and Pliocene. Italy. Bellardi, Cossmann, 1896, Essais Paleoconch. comp.,
liv. 2, pi. VII, figs. 28-30

Cytharella (Agathotoma) fusconotata (Carpenter)

Cithara jusconotata Carpenter, 1864, July, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 46;

Reprint, 1872, p. 218; 1864b, Aug.. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104
Mangilia jusconotata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 271 section

Cythara
Cytliarella (Agathotoma) fusconotata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 83; Oldroyd, 1927,

vol. II, pt. i, p. 148; Keen, 1937, p. 34; Burch, 1946, no. 62. p. 31

A copy of the original description was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following
should be added to complete the original notes :

". . . div. 40°."

Type.—U. S. National Museum, no. 4081

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; Laguna Beach, California, to
Gulf of California (Dall)

"1 Grant and Gale (1931) incorrectly gave the type depository as Academy Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia.

112 A typographical error in Dall (1921, p. 83) gave the year as 1889. The incorrect date
has inadvertently been copied by later authors.

228 MARINE MOLLL'SCA DESCRIHKI) MY 1'. 1'. CARPENTER

Clathrodrillia limans Dall

ClathrodrilUa limans Dall (1919, p. 14) consisted of a manuscript specific name of Carpenter
which was utilized by Dall. Carpenter labelled a specimen which he identified for
Stearns. The name might be found on labels in Stearns material as of Carpenter.

Cymatosyrinx hecuba Dall

Cym<jtosyrinx hccuha Dall (1919, p. 9) is the name given by Dall for a species which bore
the manuscript specific name of "rosacea" by Cari)enter. Dall changed the name because
of the prior use of "rosacea" for a turrid by Mighels (1845)

Genus Clathurella Carpenter, 1857

Clathnrella Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 399, proposed for Defrancia Millet. 1826,
not Dejrancia Bronn, 1825, nor Moller, 1842, for references see Neave (1939-40)

Type species by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1896, Essais Paleoconch. comp., liv. 2,
p._ 121 ; Clavatula rava Hinds, 1844, Voy. Sulphur, Zool., Moll., p. 17, pi. V, fig. 18.
Living. Central America.

Bronn (1831) proposed Pleurotomoidea for Dejrancia Millet (1826) not Bronn (1825).
Bronn's name has priority over ClafJuirella Carpenter (1857). A nomenclatorial tangle en-
sues concerning whether Carpenter's replacement name should be disregarded or should be
validated by one of the species which was included at the time of its use by Carpenter. If
the latter is allowed it could be used with C. rava (Hinds) as type species. See Iredale (1917,
p. 326) and Grant and Gale (1931, p. 604) for discussion.

Genus Mangelia (Leach ms.) Risso, 1826
(Manqilia auct.)

Mangelia Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Eur. Alerid., vol. 4, p. 219 "Leach MS.": Woodring, 1928,
Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub. no. 385, p. 177; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 585

Type species by subsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 1852, Indicis Gen. Malacoozorum,
Suppl., p. 80; M. strinlata Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid.. vol. 4, p. 221, pi. 8, fig.
101. Recent and "subfossil." Mediterranean. Grant and Gale, 1931, pi. 25, fig. 18 copy
of Risso, 1826, pi. 25, figs. 19a, 19b copy Kiener, 1840, Spec. Gen. et Icon. Coq. Viv.,
vol. Pleurotoma, pi. 27, fig. 1 Pleurotonia villicrsii Michaud = M. striolata Risso.

One questions the status of Herrmannsen's type designation. For purposes of this paper
and in the interest of stability the writer follows the use of Herrmannsen's type designation
for Mangelia: "(Leach mscr.) Gray, 1847" = Mangelia Risso.

"-Mangelia Riss. — Leach mscr., t. Gray 1847 Ann. Mag. N. H. XX., g. Purpuridarum.
-Synom. adde : Buccinum sp. Da Costa ; Murcx sp. Mont. ; Fusus sp. Flcm., Bronn ;
Pleurotoma sp. Blv., Phil. ; Af anzelia Aud. : Raphitoma p.p. Bell.

"Mangelia (Leach mscr.) Gray 1847 Zool. Proc. 134, g. Coninorum, restrictum ad
typicum M. striolatae Riss." [Herrmannsen, 1852, p. 80]

Mangelia barbarensis Oldrovd
(PI. 25, figs. 13, 14)

M. angulata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 603, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 89, 144: 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 395; Reprint, 1872. p. 284: Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 32; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65: Keep, 1887.

West Coast Shells, n. 55; not Mangelia angulata Reeve, 1846, Conch. Icon., vol. 3,

Mangelia, pi. 8, fig. 62
Mangilia angulata (Carpenter"), .Arnold, 1903. p. 212, pi. VII, fig. 9; Dall, 1921, p. 79;

not Packard, 1918, Uin"v. California Pub. ZooIog3^ vol. 14, p. 344. pi. 39, figs. 10a, 10b
Manailia harharensis Oldrovd, 1924. Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, p. 82: Oldrovd.

1927, vol. II, r>t. I, p. 132 new name for M. anqulata Carpenter not Reent:; Bailv, 1935

West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 263; Keen, 1937. p. 39; Burctt, 1946, no. 62. p. 27 in syn-

onvmv of M. 7-arieqata; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci. Proc, ser. 4, vol.

XXVI, p. 184, 2Z?, ^
Mannclia variegata Carpenter. Wit.lett, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol.

VIII, no. 30, p. 394, pi. 26, fig. 1 M. angulata in sjmonymy of.

"Shape of variegata, but brown, \\hirls broad, angular." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

GASTROPODA 229

A copy of Carpenter's description (1865) has been published by Oldroyd (1927). The
following should be changed in her copy :

Delete "in" last line
Add:

". . . div. 30".

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jeiuett)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 395]

The only type material found consists of three specimens in the Redpath Museum, on
original Carpenter glass mounts with a Carpenter label, " ? type Sta. Barbara Jewett."
Apparently Carpenter was not sure of these specimens as types. But in lieu of the presence
of specimens with better qualifications the writer retains these specimens as the syntypes.

There is a difference of opinion as to the synonymy of M. varicgata, M. angulata
(barbarcnsis) , M. z'itens (pulchrior), M. hecetae Dall and Bartsch, M. beta Dall, and
others. (See Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 594; Willett, 1937, p. 394.)

Grant and Gale placed M. angulata as equal to M. hecetae Dall and Bartsch (1910, p.
10, pi. 1, fig. 6) 113 which would eliminate the replacement name of M. barbarcnsis by Old-
royd. Willett has shown by a series of intergradations that probably il/. angulata and M.
variegata are the same species. Since the name M . angulata is preoccupied the specific name
could stand as M. variegata.

Smith and Gordon (1948) retained M. barbarcnsis (M. angulata), M. hecetae, and M.
variegata as distinct species.

For the purpose of this report the writer compiled the data under each name. Bartsch's
monograph will shed critical light on the subject.

Syntypes. — Redpatli Aluseum,ii* no. 90

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Puget Sound, Washington,
to Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Willett).
Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Mangelia crebricostata Carpenter

Mangelia crebricostata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 28; Reprint 1872, p. 242; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 32; Keen, 1937, p. 39
Mangilia crebricostata (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1913, Canada Geol. Sur., Victoria

Mem. Mus., Bull. no. 1, p. 140, pi. X, f^g. 3; Dall, 1921, p. 82; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 85; 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 145; pt. II, pi. 61, fig. 3

not pi. 15 as stated in text, copy of Dall and Bartsch, 1913
Cf. Mangilia ncivcombei Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 56, no. 2688, p. 71, pi. 21,

fig. 4; 1921, p. 81; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 83; 1927,

vol. II, pt. I, p. 141
Mangelia {Beta) crebricostata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 593
Mangelia" crebricostata Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 27

A copy with translation of Carpenter's description (1865) of this species was published
by Oldroyd (1927). Her copy should be corrected as follows: ". . . nucl. ? . . ." Delete
"poll" from the last line and substitute "div. 28°." The following should be added to com-
plete Oldroyd's copy :

"Hab. Neeah Bay; 1 specimen {Szvan)." [Carpenter, 186Sa, p. 29]

The type of this species is in the U. S. National Museum and will be reported on by
Bartsch in his monograph in preparation. Dall and Bartsch (1913) discussed in detail and
figured as a representative of the species, a shell from Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte
Island, B. C.

113 Through the courtesy of F. L. Alcock, Curator, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa,
information in regard to the types of the species described by Dall and Bartsch (1910) was
furnished. The tvpe of M. hecetae is no. 1381 N.M.C.

11* The statement in Oldroyd, followed by Grant and Gale, that the types are in British
Museum should be corrected.

230 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRlBEl) BY P. P. CARPENTER

Grant and Gale made a feasible suggestion in uniting M. newcombei Dall (1919), also
from Vancouver Island, with M. crebricostata Carpenter. The figure of the holotype of
M. nezi'CODibci is similar to the figure given by Dall and Bartsch of M. crebricostata.

Type. — U. S. National Museum, no. lS512b

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to Puget
Sound, Washington, (Dall in part). The Alonterey shells previously identified as this species
have been placed under M. hecetae Dall and Bartsch (Bartsch in Smith and Gordon, 1948,
p. 184).

Mangelia interfossa Carpenter
(PI. 27, figs. 5, 6)

Mangelia interfossa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 29; Reprint, 1872, p. 242; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Gcol. Sur. California, p. 32; Keen, 1937, p. 39
Daphnella interfossa (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 310, pi. 22, fig. 57?;

Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 597 suggested = M. variegata Carpenter which appears likely
Manqilia interfossa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 82, section Clathroniangilia lsi.c] ; Oldrovd,

1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 85; 1927, vol. II, pt. I, 144 section

ClathromangiHa [sic] [Clathroniangelia]
Mangelia (Mitroniorpha) interfossa (Carpenter), (iuANT and (iAle, 1931, p. 597 in part
Mitroinorplia interfossa (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 2i2)
"Mangelia" interfossa Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 28

"Several dead specimens." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628]

"Like atteniiata, delicately cancellated." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

A copy of the original description was published by Oldroyd (1927, p. 144). The follow-
ing should be added to complete that copy :

"Long. .38, long. spir. .22, lat. .13, div. 25°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare {Swan)." [Carpenter, 186Sa, p. 29]

The type material in the Redpath Museum, labelled type in Carpenter's handwriting on
Carpenter's special glass mount, consists of 9 specimens, one of which is not M. interfossa.
Figures of two of those specimens are included herein. Carpenter's first mention of the
species (1864b, p. 628) stated that there were "several dead specimens."

The shells are light yellow or brownish. The columella and labrum are smooth.

There is also a specimen in the U. S. National Museum, no. 22818, labelled type. With
the two suites of syntypes, it is advisable for a lectotype to be selected. Such a selection will
depend on the results of Bartsch's work in his monograph of West Coast turrid species.

The Mitroniorpha filosa barbarensis Arnold (1907a, pi. 11, fig. 1; 1907b, pi. LVII, fig.
1), which Grant and Gale indicated were the same form as this species, does not belong to
the same genus if the illustration of Arnold's shell is correct. M. interfossa is not a Mitro-
niorpha, as thought by Grant and Gale. The dift'erence in shape is readily seen if the figures
of tlie types of M. interfos.m are compared with that of M. filosa, the type species of
Mitroniorpha.

The resemblance to M itntmorplia tisf^cra, whirii Grant and (iale suggested, is only
superficial as may be seen by cniiiiiariiig tiie figinx's lierein of tlie types of both. The heavy
ribbing with pits forme<l by the intersection of nodosi' ril)s ])resents sculpture that looks
similar, but the shape of tlie l)ody wliori, aperture, and spire are quite difi'erent in both
species.

S'yn/y/T.y.— Redpatli Museum, no. 94; U. S. National Museum, no. 22818ii5

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Vancouver Island, F.ritish Columbia, to
Catalina Island, California (Dall)

"Mangelia" levidensis (Carpenter)

Mangelia levidensis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 658; Reprint, p. 89, 144; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, Proc., vol. 17, p. 63; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

11^ The statements "type in the British Museum" are incorrect.

GASTROPODA

231

p. 7)2; Keen, 1937, p. 39; Smitic and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, p. 184 doubted Monterey record

Mangilia Icz'idcnsis Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 251

Mangilia funebrale Dall, 1871, Anicr. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 100; 1887, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 9, p. 299; 1921, p. 201 = M. Icvidensis

Manqilia (Clathromangilia) Icvidensis (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,
vol 56 p 62, pi 21, fig. 1; 1921, p. 82; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station,
vol 4 'p 86 pi. 5, fig. 3; pi. 45, fig. 4 copy of Dall, 1919, pi. 21, fig. 1 not type as indi-
cated in expl. pi. of Oldroyd; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 144; pi. 2, fig. 21 copy of
Dall, 1919

Lora Icvidensis (Carpenter), Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 526

"Mangelia" Icvidensis Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 28

"Stumpy, purplish brown, with rough sculpture." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]
Carpenter's description (1865) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following

correction should be made in her copy: delete the last word "poll." and substitute "div. 27°."
The following should be added to make the copy complete :
"Hab. In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley : prope 'Neeah Bay' collegit, per Indianulos

Swan.

"A Mangeliis typicis columella torta differt." [Carpenter, 1865, p. 63]

The material, including the type of this species, was under observation by Bartsch at the
time of the work of this report and will be reported on in his study of the turrids. The
specimen figured by Dall (1919) is from Port Orchard, Puget Sound (Harald Rehder,
personal communication).

Types.— v. S. National Museum, no. 4487 (labelled Puget Sound), M. Icvidensis
Carpenter; U. S. National Museum, no. 220913 (Sitka, Alaska) (Harald Rehder, personal
communication) M. funebrale Dall, 1871

Distribution.— Fuget Sound, Washington (type) ; Bering Strait to Puget Sound, Wash-
ington (Dall in part)

Mangelia nitens Carpenter

(PI. 28, figs. 1-1 A)

Mangelia [varicgata] ? var. iiifcns Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 144; 1865,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 394; Reprint, 1872, p. 284; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll, Geol. Sur. California, p. 32; Keen, 1937, p. 39
DaphncUa varicgata nitens (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884 Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 300
Mangilia (Cythara) varicgata (Carpenter), Dall in Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc., vol. 15, no. 898, p. 208 nitens as synonymous
Mangilia pukhrior Dall, 1921 [not 1919], p. 81, 201 new name for M. nitens Carpenter;

Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 139; Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 29
Mangelia (Bcla) varicgata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 590 in part
Mangelia varicgata Carpenter, Willett, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol.

VIII, no. 30, p. 394 uitens in svnonymy as pulchrior; Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 29 quotes

Willett; Smith and Gordon, '1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,

p. 184, 233 M. pukhrior = M. nitens

"Glossy: spiral lines almost obsolete." [Carpenter, 1865, p. 658]

Oldroyd (1927) republished the original notes on this species. The word "poll" in the
last line of Oldroyd's copy should be deleted and "div. 20°." inserted. The line "Hab. Sta.
Barbara (Jewett), rare." should also be added to complete the copy of original notes.

As Grant and Gale (1931) pointed out. the name Mangelia nitens Carpenter was not
preoccupied by Clavatula nitens Hinds (1843, p. 41), because that species is not a Mangelia.
The name M. pukhrior Dall is therefore not necessary.

Syntypes. — Redpath Museum, no. 93 (3 specimens)

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Magdalena
Bay, Lower California (Dall)

Mangelia variegata Carpenter

(PI. 25, fig. 12)

Mangelia variegata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 658; Reprint, 1872. p. 23, 144; 1865, Ann.

Aiag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 394; Reprint, 1872, p. 284; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 32; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65; Keen, 1937,

p. 39; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 184

232 MAKlMi MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY 1'. P. CARPENTER

Daphnella vanrgata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 300, pi. 22, fig. 54

if authentic, poor figure
Mangelia (Cyfhara) varicgata (Carpenter), D.m.l in Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 208
Mangelia {Beta) variegata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 590; Willett, 1937,

San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 394, pi. 26, fig. 1
"Mangelia" variegata Carpenter, Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 29, 39

"Small, slender, thin, zoned with brown: 9 narrow ribs, strong spiral striae." [Carpenter,
1864b, 658]

"M. teste valde attenuata, tenui, parva, pallide carnca, rufo-fusco normaliter bizonata,
interdum unizonata, sen zonis intcrruptis ; vertice nuclcoso conspicuo, anfr. uno et dimidio,
apicc niamillato, anfr. norm. VI., subrotundatis suturis valde impressis; costis radiantibus
IX, angustis ; costulis spiralibus crebis, validioribus, in spira circ. X, costas superantibus ;
aperttira valde elongata; canali brevi, aperto; labro tcnui, juxta suturam conspicue arcuato,
labio tcnui. Long. .31, long, spin .17, lat. .1 poll., div. 22°. Variat costis crebrioribus,
sculptura minus expressa.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jezvett)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 394]

A syntype (or syntypes) of this species is in the U. S. National Museum. The types
were under study by Bartsch, so that the writer did not examine the specimen. Since there
are two suites of types, the U. S. National Museum specimen, because of Bartsch's study,
could be designated the lectotype.

A syntype of this species is in the Redpath Museum, McGill University. It is preserved
on Carpenter's original glass mount with the label "type Sta. Barbara Jewett," in Carpenter's
handwriting.

The character of the specimen and the label check with the original description. Tryon
stated that the specimen figured by him was from an original lot. It may have been from
a lot segregated and described by Carpenter. Tryon's figure suggests the species and may
be a poor illustration. M. oenoa Dall (1919, pi. 8, fig. 6) does not appear to be the same as
this species, as suggested by Grant and Gale (1931, p. 590).

Grant and Gale are correct in stating that the name Mangelia variegata is not preoc-
cupied by the various Pleurotoma variegata until one named before 1864 is correctly referred
to Mangelia.

Willett (1937) regarded several named forms, including M. angulata Carpenter, as synon-
ymous with this species. He figured a series of 14 specimens to show intergradation between
extremes of form and sculpture. For purposes of type record the writer itemized the data
of each Carpenter name separately. Bartsch's studies will reveal their biologic combinations.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Aluseum, no. 11798; Redpath Museum, no. 92

Distribution. — Recent Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Alaska, south to Monterey,
California, to Gulf of California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Grant and Gale; Willett,
1937)

Genus Pseudomelatoma Dall, 1918

Pseudomelatoma Dall, 1918, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 54, no. 2238. p. 317
Type species by original designation, Pleurotoma penicillata (Carpenter), Carpenter, 1865,
Jour, de Conchyl. vol. XIII, ser. 3, p. 146. Recent. Lower California

Pseudomelatoma moesta (Carpenter)

Drillin moesta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 23. 143; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 181; Reprint. 1872, p. 283; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIolI.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 32, Tryon, 1884. Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 183, pi. 12. fie. 38
copv Weinkattff in Kuster, 1887, Svst. Conch.-Cab. Bd. 4, Abt. 3, pi. 30, fig. 5; Keep,
1887, 1888, West Coast Shells, p. 56. ? 'fig. 39 (D. torosa)

Pleurotoma. (} Drillia) moesta (Carpenter), Weinkauff in Kuster, 1887, Syst. Conch.-
Cab., Bd. 4, Abt. 3, p. 134. pi. 30, figs. 5, 8

Pseudomelatoma moesta (Carpenter). Dall, 1921, p. 70; Oldroyd. 1927, vol. II, pt. I,
p. 75; Keen. 1937, p. 44; BuRrir. 1046, no. 62, p. 11 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 182 Monterey record doubtful

Pseudomelatoma penicillata moesta (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 561

GASTROPODA 233

"Drillia moesta, n.s. Like large luctuosa: middle whirls with long transverse ribs and
posterior knobs; adult obsolete." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865) of this species. To that copy
should be added the following:

". . . div. 27°

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 182]

Type. — U. S. National Museum, no. 149421^6

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type) ; San Pedro, California, to Cerros
Island, Lower California (Burcli). Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan)

Pseudomelatoma torosa (Carpenter)

Drillia torosa Carpenter. 1864b, p. 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 143; 1865, lour, de Conchyl., vol.

Xin, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 145; Reprint, 1872, p. 313; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.

Sur. California, p. 32; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 65; Tryon, 1884, Man.

Conch., vol. VI, p. 183, pi. 14, fig. 93; Keep, 1887, \\'est Coast Shells, p. 56, not fig. 39;

Arnold, 1903, p. 209; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 239
Pleurotoma (Drillia) torosa (Carpenter), Weixk.\uff in Kuster, 1887, Syst. Conch. -Cab.,

Bd. 4, Abt. 3, p. 228, pi. 42, fig. 13
Psettdomelatoma torosa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 70; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 76;

Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 562. pi. 26, fig. 20; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep),

p. 262, not fig. 277 (same as Keep, 1887, fig. 39) fide Grant and Gale; Keen, 1937, p.

44; BuRCH, 1946, no. 62, p. 11; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc.,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 182 aurantia color form of torosa

"Drillia torosa, n.s. Whirls rounder, olivaceous : with one row of strong bosses through-
out: no posterior knobs." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 657]

Carpenter's description (1865) has been republished by Oldroyd (1927). Tlic following
should be changed in her copy :

Delete "poll"

Add:

". . . div. 30°.

"Hab. Monterey, Taylor, Cooper.

"Cette espece, ainsi que d'autres Pleurotomidae Californiens, appartient a un groupe
particulier, dont le D. inermis Hinds, peut-etre considere comme le type. Peut-etre ces
formes seraient-elles mieux placees dans le sous-genre Clionella, qui est vraiment marin,
d'apres les observations du docteur Stimpson sur les especes du cap de Bonne Esperance. et
non pas A-Ielanien, comme I'a suppose le docteur Gray, et comme I'ont dit, apres lui, MM.
Adams et Chenu." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 145]

Holotype.—\J. S. National Museum, no. 3286ii7

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Scammon lagoon.
Lower California (Dall)

Pseudomelatoma torosa aurantia (Carpenter)

Drillia (? torosa. var.) aurantia Carpenter. 1864b, p. 657; Reprint, 1872, p. 143; 1865,

Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 145; Reprint, 1872, p. 313; Cooper, 1867.

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 32; Try'ON. 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 183
Pseudomelatoma torosa aurantia (Carpenter). Dall, 1921, p. 70; Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II,

pt. I, p. 76; Grant and G.-vle, 1931, p. 562; Keen, 1937, p. 44; Burch. 1946, no. 62.

p. 11 believes a color form of moesta: Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,

Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 182 color form of torosa

"Drillia ? var. aurantia. Orange, with sutural riblet and faint spiral sculpture." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 657]

11^ Oldroyd, followed by others, stated incorrectly that the type is in the British Aluseuni
(Natural History)

11^ The depository of the type is not the British Museum as stated in Oldroj'd and
followed by others.

234 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Oldroyd (1927) republished the description (1865). The following should be added to
complete her copy:

" : div. 38°.

"Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. — San Pedro, Cooper. Les individus des localites meridionales
etaient tous en mauvais etat, et je ne suis pas encore convaincu qu'ils appartiennent a la
mcme espece." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 145]

Type. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15v310
Distribution. — San Diego, California (type)

Genus Granotoma IJartscIi, 1941

Granotonia Bartsch, 1941, Biol. Soc. Wasliington, Proc, vol. 54, p. 5

Type species by original designation (jraiioloiiia kraitsi Dall = Beta krausci (DalD, D.\li,,
1887, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 9, p. 301. pi. 4, fig. 4. Recent. Alaska. Dall, 1919,
_U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 56, no. 2288, pi. 15. fig. 3; Bart.sch, 1941, Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, Proc, vol. 54, fig. 9

Granotoma excurvata (Cari)enter)

Bela excun'ata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 658, 683; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 144, 169; 1865,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 63; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.
Sur. California, p. 2)2 ; Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 223

Lora excurvata (Carpenter), Dall. 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56. no. 2288, p. 46, pi. 14,
fig. 5; 1921, p. 78; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 123; Keen, 1937, p. 38

Granotoma excurvata (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 19

"Like TrevcUiana: stumpy, Chrysalloid." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

The original description of this species was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The

measurements should be corrected in her copy to: "Long. .28, long. spir. .13, lat. .15, div.

55°." The following original notes should be added:

"Hah. — In sinu Pugetiano ante decessum prematuram specimen unicuni piscavit Ken-
nerley, eheu deploratus!" [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 63]

The type of this species, according to Carpenter, was a premature specimen. It is in the
U. S. National Museum. Dall did not state from what locality the shell figured by him
(1919) came from. The species has been critically studied by Bartsch and will be reported
on in his paper.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4493C

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Bristol Bay, Bering Sea, to Puget
Sound, Washington (Dall)

Genus Propebela Iredalc, 1918

PropcI>r!a Iredale, 1918, Malacol. Soc. London. Proc, vol. 13, p. 28, 32
Type species by original designation, Murex turricula Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., vol. 1,
p. 262, pi. 9, fig. 1. Recent Europe, Greenland. Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI, pi.

30, fig. 93; i>l. 27, fig. 22

Propebela tabulata (Carpenter)
(PI. 25, figs. 7-11)

MangcUa tabulata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114. 144; 1865, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 29; Reprint, 1872, p. 242; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 32
DaphncJla tabulata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, ]Man. Conch., vol. VI, p. 312. section

Raphitowa^
Mangilia tabulata Carpenter. Arnold, 1907, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, pi. lA'II, fig. 4

reprinted .Arnold, 1907, U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 321, pi. 11, fig. 4 not typical
? Tiirris (Bela) tabulata (Carpenter), Packard, 1918, Univ. California Pub. Zool., vol. 14,

p. 343, pi. 39, fig. 1, not typical
Lora tabulata (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 56, p. 45, pi. 14, fig. 1;

1921, p. 74; Oldroyd, 1924. Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 78, pi. 18, fig. 5

same as Dall, 1919, pi. 14, fig. 1 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 101, pi. 7, fig. 13; pi.

18, fig. 5 same as Dall, 1919, pi. 14, fig. 1; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 520 in part;

Keen, 1937, p. 38; Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 22 "Lora."

Gastropoda 235

Propebeta tabuiata (Cafpenfer), Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 183 doubt Monterey record

"Stout, strongly shouldered, coarsely cancellated. Pillar abnormally twisted." [Carpenter,'
1864b, p. 658]

Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carix^nter's description (1865) with a translation.
The following lines should be added :

". . . , div. 35°

"Hab. Neeah Bay; several worn specimens {Szi'an).

"The distinct fold near the base of the pillar may require the formation of a new genus."
[Carpenter, 1865a, p. 29]

Ten specimens at the Redpath Museum in the Carpenter collection are labelled "type
Neeah Bay Swan." These are on the original Carpenter glass mounts, and the label is the
original made by Carpenter. Of the 10 specimens, 5 are figured herein to show how constant
or inconstant the characters may be. The specimens are worn, but they reveal the pre-
dominant factors of the species. Ball's (1919) figure of the species (same in Oldroyd) is of
a shell typical in shape and basic rib character, although the spacing of the spiral ribs of the
posterior body whorl belong to an irregular kind. Dall does not e.xplain where the specimen
came from.

Besides the syntypes in the Redpath Museum there is also a specimen labelled "type"
in the U. S. National Museum. That specimen has been examined by Bartsch and will
probably be reported on by him.

The shells figured by Arnold (1907) and Packard are not typical.

Syntypes. — Redpath Museum, no. 89, U. S. National Museum, no. 19403

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Sitka, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Wash-
ington (Dall in part; Burch in part)

Genus Mitromorpha Adams in Carpenter, 1865

Mitromorpha Adams in Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 182;
Reprint, 1872, p. 284; Iredale, 1917, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 12, p. 328, 329.
Not Mitromorpha Adams, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 322 = Anti-
mitra Iredale, 1917, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc., vol. 12, p. 328, 329
Type species by monotypy, M. filosa (Carpenter) "§ Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 182. Recent. Monterey, California to Gulf of California, (pi. 25,
figs. 5, 6)

Mitromorpha aspera (Carpenter)
(PI. 25, figs. 3, 4)

? DaphncUa aspera Carpenter. 1864b. p. 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 144; 1865, Jour, de Conchyl.,
vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 146; Reprint, 1872, p. 314; Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol.
VI, p. 317, pi. 25, figs. 61, 62 not good

Mitromorpha aspera (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. Z2; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 55;
Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min., p. 251 ; Williamson, 1892. U. S.
Nat Mus., Proc., vol. XV, no. 898, p. 208, pi. XIX, fig. 3; Dall, 1921, p. 87; Oldroyd,
1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 174; Bailv, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 263, fig. 281;
Keen, 1937, p. 41; Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. Zi; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 185 ; Abbott, 1954, p. 272,, fig. 57m some figure
as Williamson, 1892

Mangelia (Mitromorpha) aspera (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 598

"Elongated with, coarse fenestration.!" [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

"t Generic position of all these doubtful ; perhaps they belong to genera not yet eliminated :
filosa resembling the Eocene forms between Conns and Plcnrotoma."

Oldroyd furnished a copy of Carpenter's description (1865) in her monograph (1927).
Her copy should be corrected as follows :

118 The date of Mitromorpha in Oldroyd (1927, p. 173) has evidently been transposed
in printing. The statement of type species as "Mitromorpha gracilis Carpenter" is a confusion
following Arnold (1903) who said it was a "characteristic species". The name is a nomen
nudum in both Arnold (1903, p. 223) and Oldroyd (1927, p. 173). M. gracilior Tryon
(1884) (Hemphill ms.) was not described until 1884.

236 MARINE AfOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY V. V. CARPENTER

Change first word to "? D.t." ; line 7, insert ''angusta'' between "elongata" and "antice;"
correct .69 to .09; insert "div. 35°" after "poll."

The following lines should be added to complete her copy :

"Hab. Monterey, Taylor.

"Je n'ai vu de cette charmante petite coquille qu'un scul echantillon tres-frais, mais
incompletemcnt adulte. Peut-etre se trouvera-t-elle mieux placee dans legenre Mitromorpha,
A. Adams?" [Carpenter, 1865, p. 146]

The holotype of this species is preserved in the U. S. National Museum and not, as
stated by Oldroyd and followed by Grant and Gale, in the British Museum.

The holotype bears the label '"Type Monterey Taylor," which coincides with the
original description. A growth over the apical whorls obscures the characters, but the body
whorl is well preserved. The sculpture is not worn, and the microscopic longitudinal stria-
tions are clearly seen. At the crossing of the longitudinal and spiral ribs sharp nodes are
formed.

Mitromorpha gracilior Hemphill in Tryon, 1884, p. 317, pi. 25, fig. 62 was described by
Tryon as a "variety" of M. aspera (Carpenter). Tryon used a manuscript name of Hemp-
hill and did not indicate a locality for the specimen which he figured. Grant and Gale (1931,
p. 597) followed by Smith and Gordon (1948, p. 185) indicated Monterey as the type
locality. There is nothing in Tryon to confirm that statement of tyi)e locality.

Three specimens in the Redpath Museum (no. 2360) are labelled "Mitromorpha gracilior
Hemphill type S. Diego." These specimens were the types of the Hemphill manuscript name,
but since Tryon is the author of the specific name, the specimen which Tryon figured would
be the holotype. Unfortunately it had no published locality. The Redpath Museum specimens
have lost their status as syntypes. M. gracilior is now regarded as distinct from M. aspera;
hence the tracing of a type locality in connection with the holotype has not been pursued in
this report.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 22816

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Monterey to San Pedro, California
(Dall). Pleistocene. Mexico (Jordan, 1926; Grant and Gale)

? "Daphnella effusa" Carpenter

? Daphnella effusa Carpenter, 1864, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 29; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Tryon, 1884, Man. Conch., vol. VI,

p. 317 genus not questioned; Dall, 1913, Canada Geol. Sur., Victoria Mem. Mus., no. 1,

p. 141 ; 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56, no. 2288, p. 74
Mitromorpha effusa (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 22>

". . . t nom. prov. Thin extremely drawn-out, sculpture faint." [Carpenter, 1864b, 658]

"t Generic position of all these [D. aspera, D. filo.m, D. effusa] doubtful: perhaps they
belong to genera not yet eliminated . . ."

"? D. testa gracillima, maxime effusa, rufo-fusca; anfr, aJigustis clongatus, suturis impressis ;

striis spiralibus crebris a lineis incrementi decussatis ornata ; labro tenuiore, postice vix

sinuato. Ix)ng. .65, long. spir. .45, lat. .22, div. 30°.
"Hah. Neeah [sic] Bay; one broken specimen {Sivan)." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 29]

Tryon gave an English translation of Carpenter's description above. Carpenter's measure-
ments in mm. would be slightly larger than those given by Tryon.

The type has not been found. Dall (1913) apparently had not seen the shell but took
his cue from the above description (1865a) that the single broken specimen was unidenti-
fiable.

Keen {in Burch, 1946, no. 62, p. 10) suggested that if O phiodermella incisa Carpenter was
preoccupied (secondary homonym), [? Daphnella^ effusa Carpenter was available. This
would indicate that the two forms were regarded as conspecific.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type)

GASTROPODA 237

Mitromorpha filosa (Carpenter)
(PI. 25, figs. 5, 6)

? Daphnella filosa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 144; Tryon, 1884, Man.
Conch., vol. VI, p. 317, pi. 25, fig. 63 poor

Mitromorpfm filosa Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 182; Re-
print, 1872, p. 284; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. ZZ; 1870,
Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 55; Williamson,
1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, p. 208, pi. XIX, fig. 1; Pace, 1902, Malacol. Soc.
London, Proc, vol. 5, p. 83 Columbellidae ; Arnold, 1903, p. 223; Dall, 1921, p. 87;
Oldroyd, 1927, p. 173; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 264, fig. 282; Keen,
1937, p. 41 ; BuRCH, 1945, no. 49, p. 22); Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc., ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 185; Abbott, 1954, p. 273, fig. 571 same figure as William-
son, 1892

Maiigclia (Rfttromorpha) filosa (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 596

"t Small, diamond-shaped, but rounded periphery; spirally threaded. [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 658]

"t Generic position of all these doubtful : perhaps they belong to genera not yet elimi-
nated : filosa resembling the Eocene forms between Conus and Plenrotoma."

Oldroyd republished the Carpenter's description (1865) in her monograph (1927). The
following changes should be made in her copy :
Delete "poll."

Add :

". . . div. 45°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Lower California (teste Trick [Frickf] in Mus. Cuming.).

' — ? Daphnella filosa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 658, note +.

"Mr. A. Adams obtained two similar species from Japan ; and as the shells do not rank
satisfactorily under any established group, he proposes the above genus for their reception.
M. Crosse suggests that Columbclla dormitor, Sby., may be congeneric." [Carpenter, 1865h,
p. 182]

The holotype of this species is in the Redpath Museum at McGill University, on an
original Carpenter mount with a Carpenter label, "type Sta. Barbara Jewett." It is dark
red, the protoconch has about two smooth whorls, about four of the coarse spiral ribs are
on the whorls of the spire, and the columella is smooth.

The statement in Oldroyd and others that the type is in the British IMuseum is incorrect.

Grant and Gale have described well the shell of this species. ^^^^

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 96

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to Gulf
of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (.Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale);
Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

"Mitromorpha gracilis Carpenter"

"Mitromorpha gracilis Carpenter" in Arnold (1903, p. 223). copied by Oldroyd (1927,
vol. II, pt. i, p. 173) is apparently an error either in spelling or confusion of names.
Arnold may have meant M. gracilior of Hemphill in Tryon (1884). However, that
species was not described until 1884 whicli was 19 years after the introduction of
Mitromorpha Adams in Carpenter (1865), with which Arnold associated the specific
name as the type species.

Family Acteonidae

Genus Acteon Montfort, 1810

(Tornatella Lamarck, 1822)

Tornatella Montfort, 1810, Conchyliol. Syst., t. 2, p. 315

Type species by original designation, A. tornatilis (Gmelin) = Voluta tornatilis Linnaeus,
1767, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1187; Gmelin, 1791, Syst. Nat., p. 3437. Recent. Western

1^9 Their description is not a complete English translation of Carpenter's description
(1865), as stated by Burch (1945, no. 49, p. ?>?>). Their description appears to have been
based on specimens. The shells which they measured were larger than the figures by
Carpenter.

238 MARINE MOLLUSCA DF.SrRIHKl) HY 1'. T. CARI'KNTER

Euroix; including Mediterranean and Adriatic. Miocene-Pleistocene. Western Europe.
PiLSBRY, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 152, pi. 19, figs. 7-11, 15; Harmer, 1923,
Palaeont. Soc, vol. LXXV, p. 782, pi. LXII, figs. 13, 14 ^
For discussion of A. tornatilis (Linnaeus) see Dodge (1955, p. 58).

Subgenus Rictaxis Dall, 1871

Rictaxis, Dall, 1871, Anier. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, pt. 2, p. 136

Type species by original designation, R. punctocaelatus (Carpenter) [R. piincto-coelata sic].

Carpenter, 1864, Suppl. Kept. British Assoc. 1863, p. 646; Jour, de Conchyl., 1865, vol.

XIII, ser. 3, p. 139. Recent. Alaska to Mexico. Dall, 1871, .\nier. Jour. Conch., vol. VII,

pi. 15, fig. 12

Acteoni-" (Rictaxis) punctocaelatus (C"ar])cntcr)

TornatcUa punctocaelata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 646; Reprint, 1872, p. 132; 1865, Jour, de

Conchyl., vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 139; Reprint, 1872, p. 307; Cooper, 1867, Geog.

Cat. Moll., (icol. Sur. California, p. 13; 1870, Anier. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 56; 1888,

7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 267
Actaeon (Rictaxis) puncto-coclata (Carpenter) Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII,

p. 136, 160, pi. 15, fig. 12 lectotype; Arnold, 1903, p. 189, pi. IX, fig. 6 no hyphen in

specific name
Rhextaxis puncfococlata (Carpenter), Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 125
Actaeon (Rictaxis) punctocaelatus ((Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 15, no. 898, p. 195
Actaeon punctocaelatus (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 166, pi. 49,

fig. 24 section Rictaxis
Acteon (Rictaxis) punctocoelata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 60; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. I, p. 24, pi. 1, figs. 17, 17a; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 267, fig. 287
Acteon (Rictaxis) punctocaelatus (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 443
Acteon punctocaelata (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 28; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California

Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 179
Acteon (Rictaxis) punctocaelata (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, no. 47, p. 9
Actaeonidea (Rictaxis) ptinctato-coelatus (Carpenter), Cossmann, 1895, Essais Paleo.

comparee, I, p. 52, pi. 1, fig. 10
Actaeonidea (Rictaxis) punctococlatus (Carpenter), Cossmann, 1903, Essais Paleo. com-
paree, VI, p. 118, pi. IX, figs. 8, 9
Actaeon punctococlatus var. coronadvensis Stearns, 1898, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 21.

p. 299; Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II, pt. I, pi. 1, fig. 15. See Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 443

and Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 10
Acteon (Rictaxis) punctocoelata vancouvercnsis Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 25, pi. 1,

figs. 19, 20. See Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 444 and Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 10

"Tornatella punctocaelata, n.s. Small : grooved with rows of dots : pillar twisted as in
Bullina, Add. non Gray." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 646]

Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of Carpenter's (1865)^-1 description, to which should
be added the following:

"Hab. Santa Cruz, Roivell.—San Diego, Cooper.

"Cette espece est un peu abcrrante, a cause de son ouvcrture large, de son pli reporte
pres du bord parietal et de sa columelle tordue commc celle des Bullitw. La ciselure des
tours ressemble aux impressions que laisserait une serie de petit colliers." [Carpenter, 1865g,
p. 139]

Two syntypes in the U. S. National Museum arc labelled, "Fig'd type San Diego
Cooper." Dall (1871) did not indicate whether the specimen he figured was a "type" or
what the locality or measurements were. Dall's figure is the most likely of all the illustra-
tions of the specie;^ to be that of a syntype. The measurements of the syntypes do not fit
those given by Carpenter.

'^^'^ Acteon is masculine in gender as well as Rictaxis. The original spelling is punctocae-
lata.

121 It would appear from Oldroyd's text that the description she copied was from Car-
penter (1864b), the only reference she mentioned (page error). Her republished descrip-
tion is from Carpenter (1865g, p. 139).

fiASTROrODA 239

There is a large columellar fold on the syntypes. The smaller shell is worn, but the larger
specimens show the dark and white bands plainly. The writer chooses the larger of the
two individuals to be the lectotype which is probably the one figured by Dall (1871). The
writer makes this selection in spite of the discrepancy in measurements, because the two
U. S. National Museum shells are the only one which have been found with any indication
as to type label. The small shell that Carpenter measured (1865) apparently has been lost,
and the two specimens now found are syntypic. If Carpenter handled these syntypes, which
correspond in size to the dimensions of the shells which are usually identified as this species,
it is strange that he chose such a small shell for representative size (.2 x 25.3 = 5.06 mm.
long.; .09 x 25.3 = 2.27 mm. lat.). Carpenter's measurements are puzzling. Grant and Gale
(1931, p. 443), as well as Burcli (no. 47, p. 9), commented on the relatively large size of
the species as identified in contrast to the original dimensions. The choosing of the lectotype
presents a more logical measurement basis of identification.

The type locality is San Diego, California. The only possible localities whicii would
qualify as type locality would be, "San Diego," "The Islands" ( Farallones), and Santa Cruz
(see original description). Smith and Gordon (1948) indicated that Monterey was the type
locality. Monterey was not included by Carpenter. Dall had sectjndary material from
Monterey which he listed (1870).

Dimensions. — Lectotype: length 10 mm.; greatest diameter 5 mm.; paratype: length
8 mm. ; greatest diameter 4 mm.

Types. — Lectotype and paratype (former syntypes), U. S. National Museum, no. 14914

Distribution. — Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; southeastern Alaska, to Magdalena
Bay. Mexico (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldroyd, 1925; Grant and Gale;
Willett, 1937) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Family Atyidae
Genus Atys Montfort, 18101-

Atys Montfort, 1810, Conchyliol. syst., vol. 2, p. 342-344

Type species by original designation, Atvs cvmbuhis Montfort — Bulla naucum Lixxaeus,

1758, Syst. Nat., p. 726. Recent. Indo-Pacific. Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, pi.

28, figs. 11-15

Subgenus Aliculastrum Pilsbry, 1896

Aliculastnim Pilsbry, 1896, Man. Conch., vol. XVI, p. 237 new name for Alicula Ehren-
BERG, 1831, Symbolae Phys. decas. 1st., p. 41 of Mollusca fide Gardxer, 1937, not Alicula
EiCHWALD, 1830, Natur. Skizze Lithauen Volhynien Podolien, p. 214. See Neave, 1939-
1940

Type species by monotypy. Bulla cxlindrica Helblixg, 1779, Abhandl. Privat Gesellsch.
Bohmen, IV, p. 122, pi. II, figs. 30, 31 fide Pilsbry (1893). Recent. Indo-Pacific.
Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, pi. 22,, figs. 60-64

Because A. casta deviates so far from typical Atys the writer believes that a better idea
of its characters is intimated by its grouping under the subgenus Aliculastrum. B. casta is
more typical of the shell characters of that subgroup than are fossil species in the lower and
middle Miocene of Jamaica and Florida, which have been so classified and seem to bear a
relationship to Aliculastrum (Woodring, 1928, p. 127; Gardner, 1937, p. 269)

Atys (Aliculastrum) casta (Carpenter)
(PI. 27, figs. 1-4)

? At\s castra Carpenter, 1864b. p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104; 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 314; Reprint, 1872, p. 212
Atys casta (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 276; Dall, 1921, p. 62;

"Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 36; ? Tomlin, 1928, Jour. Conch., vol. XVIII, p. 188;

Keen, 1937, p. 30
Bidla casta (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 29

"? Atys casta. Rare: allied to Cylichna." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 618]

'^^^ Atys Montfort would equal Bulla Linnaeus, 1758, type species by absolute tautonymy,
B. naucum Linnaeus (1758) except for the action of Int. Com. Zool. Nomen., 1950. See Bulla.

240 AFARTXE AfOLLI'SCA nKSCRIRFD BV P. P. CARPENTER

A copy of Carpenter's description (1864) and Pilsbry's translation was published by
Oldroyd. To complete Oldroyd's copy the following should be added: "On the confines of
the genus, related to Cylichna." [Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314]

The type material consists of two specimens in the U. S. National Museum. They are on
Carpenter's original glass mount, with label "type. C.S.L." The two specimens, 9 mm. in
height, and 2 mm. in height, respectively, possibly represent the young and adult of the same
species. The larger specimen is of the approximate dimension given by Carpenter, and the
writer therefore selects it as the lectotype. If the smaller specimen is not a juvenile, it is of
a different species but of the same genus and subgenus.

The present illustration is the first published of the series. The fine concentric striations
which cover the surface, greater anteriorly and posteriorly, do not show in the photograph.

Tiie species was described from Cape San Lucas and is included in this report because a
statement of its distribution has been extended by Dall to Catalina Island.

Types. — Lectotype: U. S. National Museum, no. 4014 (larger specimen) ; paratyi>e: same
number, smaller specimen

Distribution. — Recent. Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) Catalina Island, Cali-
fornia, to Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (VVillett, 1937)

Family Retusidae

Genus Volvulella Newton, 1901

(I'ohula Adams, 1850 not Gistl, 1848)

Volvulella Newton, 1891, Syst. List. Oligocene Eocene Moll. British AIus., p. 268 substitute
name for Volvula Adams in Sowerby, 1850, Thes. Conch., vol. II, (11), [Cat. Books,
Maps, B. M., V, p. 1981], p. 558, 596. Not Volvula Gistl, 1848, Nat. Thierr., VIII.
See Neave, 1939-1940

Type species by subsequent designation, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1886, Moll.
iVIarins du Roussillon, vol. 1, pt. 13, p. 533, Volmila rostrata A. Adams in Sowerby,
p. 596, pi. CXXV, f. 154. Living. Australia. Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 241,
pi. 26, fig. 60

The use of Rhicoriis Montfort (1810, p. 539, monotype R. Adelaidis Montfort) for
Volvula Adams, 1850 (Abbott, 1954, p. 280) is based on the supposition (see Jeffreys, 1867,
p. 412; Pilsbry, p. 235) that R. adelaidis Montfort (= Bulla jucicola Chiereghini {nom-en
nudum) fide Nardo, fide Brusina) indirectly equals V. acuminata Bruguiere, which is a
Vohmla.

Volvulella cylindrica (Carpenter)
(PI. 25, figs. 1, 2)

Volvula cylindrica Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 647; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 133; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 179; Reprint, 1872, p. 281 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 14; 1888, 7th Ann. Rept. California State Min. Bur., p. 270;
WiLLiAM.soN, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898, p. 195; Pilsbry, 1893,
Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 239; Arnold, 1903, p. 191, pi. IV, fig. 2

Volvulella cylindrica (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 62; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 72; 1927, vol. II, pt.l, p. 34, pi. 2, fig. 9; Grant and Gale, 1931,
p. 450; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 268; Willett, 1937, San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 392; Keen, 1937, p. 50; Burch, 1945. no. 47, p. 18-20,
30, pi. II, fig. 17; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XXVL p. 179

Not Volvula cylindrica Smith, 1871, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 738, pi. LXXV, fig. 29
= V. smithi'i Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., XV, p. 233

Not VohiHila cylindrica Gabb, 1873, Amer. Phil. Soc, Trans., n.s., vol. 15, p. 246 = V.
oxytata Bush, 1885, Connecticut Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. VI, pt. 2. p. 468 fide Pilsbry,
1922, p. 312 or = V. cercadcnsis Van Winkle [Palmer], 1921, Bull. Amer. Paleont.,
vol. 8, no. 36, p. 6

"Volvula cylindrica, n.s. Like a grain of rice, pointed at one end." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 647]

GASTROPODA 241

Carpenter's description (1865) of this species was republished by Oldroyd (1927, p. 34).
Her copy should be corrected to read, "lat. .07" for of ".17". The line "Hab. Sta. Barbara
(Jezvett)." should also be added to complete the copy.

The type of this species is in the Redpath Museum. One specimen has an original label,
"Volvula cylindrica Sta. Barbara Jewett fin pencil] unique type [in ink]. Monterey Dall
[in pencil]." The holotype is worn and has part of a yellowish epidermis remaining. The
uneroded surface reveals microscopic spiral lines with wide interspaces. The statement of
Oldroyd (copied by others) that the type is in "Mrs. Boyce's collection" means only that
the specimen was originally described from "Mrs. Boyce's" (Col. Jewett) material, a col-
lection which is not intact at present.

Type. — Redpath Museum, no. 2364

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; \^ancouvcr Island, British
Columbia, to Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale;
Willett)

Genus Coleophysis Fischer. 1883

Colcophysis Fischer, 1883, Man. de Conchyl., p. 555

Type species by monotypy, Utriciihis trnncatulus (Bruguiere),i23 1792, Enc. Meth., Vers,
t. 1, p. 2i77, no. 10 as Bulla. Living. Europe. Forbes and Hanley, 1851, Hist. British
Moll., vol. Ill, p. 510, pi. CXIV, B, fig. 7, 8, pi. V. V, fig. 4 animal, as Cxlichna tnmcata
(Adams?) (AIoxtagu), 1803

Coleophysis carinata (Carpenter)

Tornatina carinata Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Reigen Coll. Mazatlan, p. 171 ; 1857, Rept. Brit.
Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1856, p. 250, 313; 1860. Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 5
Mexican and Panamic Province; 1864b, p. 551, 647; Reprint, 1872, p. 2i7, 133 bet. San
Diego and San Pedro; Cooper, 1867, Gcog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 13;
Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 125; Cooper, 1888, 7th Ann. Rcpt. California
State Min., p. 267 in part; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898,
p. 195; PiLSBRY, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 187; Palmer, 1951, New York State
Mus., Bull. no. 342, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 1 Carpenter drawing of type

Acteacina carinata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 61 ; Strong, 1921, Nautilus, vol. 35, no. 2, p.
122; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 30; Baker and Hanna. 1927, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XVI, no. 5, p. 125; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 268;
Keen, 1937, p. 28 _

Rctusa (Actcncina) carinata (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 449 see for other ref-
erences ; WiLLET, 1937, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 392
Pleistocene

Coleophysis carinata (Carpenter), Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 11, 15

This species was described from Alazatlan, and the illustration of the type belongs in
the report on the types of that catalogue (Carpenter, 1857). The type should be in the
British Museum.

Oldroyd (1927)^24 republished part of Carpenter's original description with Pilsbry's
translation of the Latin.

Distribution. — Recent. Mazatlan, West Mexico (type) ; Redondo Beach, California, to
Panama (Burch). Pleistocene. (See Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937.)

Family Scapiiandridae
Genus Acteocina Gray, 1847

Acfcocina Gray, 1847. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XVI. p. 160

Type species by original designation, Actcon tvetherelHi Lea, 1833, Cont. Geol., p. 213;
Miocene. New Jersey. Lea, 1833, pi. 6, fig. 224

123 There is doubt as to the interpretation of Bulla trnncatulus Bruguiere, 1792. Applica-
tion for proposal to stabilize the interpretation of the species by reference to Bulla trun-
cata Adams (1800) has been made by Lemche, 1957, Bull. Zool. N'omen., vol. 13, no. 4, p.
132.

121 The following corrections should be made in the Latin copy in Oldroyd : line 3 : delete
first "a" in "aspira" ; line 5 : change "m" to "n" in "basim".

242 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBKD BY P. I'. CARI'EXTER

Acteocina inculta (Gould) in Gould and Carpenter, 1856

/Ictcocina planata (Carpenter)

(PI. 25, fig. 19)

CxlicJuia planata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 647; Reprint, 1872, p. 133; 1865, Jour, de Conchyliol.,
" vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 139; Reprint, 1872, p. 307; C(X)per, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 14; Pil.surv, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 302
Acteocina planata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 61; Strong, 1921, Nautilus, vol. 35, no. 2,

p. 45, 123; Oi.i)Rovi). 1927, vol. II, pt. I, p. 30; Keen, 1937, p. 28; Burcii, 1945, no. 47, p.

11, 15, 30 pi. II fig. 14

"Cylichm planata, n.s. Like inainiiiillata, with ape.x flattcned-ofF, and fold distinct." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 647]

Carpenter's description (1865) witii I'ilsbry's translation, is reprinted in Oldroyd's
monograph.

The following should be added to make tlie copy complete :

'\ . . div. 180°

"Hab. San Diego, Cassidy." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 139]

The type of this species is in the Museum of Paleontology, University of California.
Burch suggested (1945, p. IS) that the form is the same as A. inculta (Gould) (in Gould
and Carpenter, 1856). The two species were described from the same locality. Strong (m
P>urch, 1945, no. 47, p. 11) thought A. planata is a senile individual of A. inculta (Gould).

Type. — Museum of Paleontology, University of California, no. 33501

Distribution. — San Diego, California (type)

Genus Cylichna Loven, 1846
(Rullinclla Newton, 1891)

Cylichna Loven, 1846, Inde.x Moll. Lit. Scandinaviae Occ. Hab., p. 10, Ofv. K. Svensk. Vet.

Akad. Forh.
Type species by subsequent designation. Herrmannsen, 1852, Indicis Gen. Malacoozorum,

Supplement, p. 42, Bulla cylindracca Pennant, 1777. British Zool., vol. IV, p. 117, pi.

70, fig. 85. Living. Europe. Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, pi. 29, figs. 15-17

Cylichna attonsa Carpenter
(PL 25, figs. 17, 18)

Cylichna (? cylindracca var.) attnnsa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537; Reprint, 1872, p. 23; 1865,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Proc, vol. 17, p. 58
Cylichna (? var.) atfon.'!a Carpenter. 1864b. p. 603, 647, 683; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 133. 169;

Cooper, 1867. Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 13; Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch.,

vol. XV, p. 303
Cylichna propinqua E. A. .Smith. 1872, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 351

fide Keen in' Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 24
Cylichnella (Bullinclla) attonsa (Carpenter)), Dall, 1921, p. 63; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 73; 1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 40, pi. 2, fig. 8
Cylichna attonsa Carpenter, Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 454; Willet. 1937, San Diego Soc.

Nat. Hi.st., Trans., vol. VIII, no. 30, p. 392; Burch, 1945, no. 47, p. 23, fig.; p. 24, pi.

II, fig. 31 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,

p. 179
Cylichnella attonsa (Carpenter), Keen, 1937, p. 34, range corrected in Burch, 1945, no. 47,

p. 24

"Cylichna (? var.) attonsa. One living sp. Probably a variety of cylindracca." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 603] ..".'.

"Cylichna ? cylindracca, Linn. auct. Intermediate specimens passing into Cylichna var.
attonsa, rounded off at apex." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 647]

Part of Carpenter's notes (1865) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following
should be added to complete her copy :

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

".Sr>ecimina Californica, a Jewett Cooperque collecta, C. cyli)idraccac typicae magis con-
veniunt." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 58]

GASTROPODA

243

The figure included by Oldroyd does not seem to have the anterior portion of the outer
lip elevated so much as C. attonsa does. The discrepancy may be due to the position of the
shell in the photograph.

The holotype of this species is in the U. S. National Museum. i2'>

The holotype bears the label "Puget Sound Kennerley." This label is verified by the
original description. As Keen pointed out Dall's distribution of San Diego, California,
should be modified. The type locality is Puget Sound.

There are microscopic vi'avy spiral lines over the entire surface of the shell. These
are not revealed in the photograph of the holotype. The brownish epidermis is lighter in
the central area. An elongate light spot is seen in the photograph. This is a glue spot on
the shell and not part of the specimen.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4495

Distribution.— Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Kodiak Island, Alaska, to
San Diego, California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Willett) ; Oregon (Grant and
Gale)

Family Pvr.'\midellidae
Genus Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799

PyramidcUa L.amarck, 1799, Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, Mem., p. 76

Type species by monotypy, Trochiis dolabratus Lixxaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., 12 ed., p. 1231.
' Living. Southern Florida and West Indies. Tryox, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 300,
pi. 72, figs. 71-74

Genus Longchaeus Morch, 1875

Longchaeiis Morch, 1875, Alalak, Blatt., vol. 22, p. 158

Type species by subsequent designation, Pyramidella punctata Schubert .axd Wagner in
Maktixi axd Chemxitz, 1829, Bd. XII, Abt. 1, p. 152 fide Sherborx, 1929 = Obeliscus
punctatus (Chemxitz) in Morch. Living. Polynesia. Bartsch, (1955, p. 9) considered
Longchaeus to be of generic rank distinct from Pyramidella.

Longchaeus adamsi (Carpenter)

Obeliscus Adamsii Carpexter, 1864b, p. 546, 547, 551 ; Reprint, 1872, p. ZZ, 27 = Pyrami-
della, sp. ind. C. B. Adams, no. 293_(not 294) =^ Mazatlan Cat. 486. p. 409

Obeliscus conicus jun. Carpenter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan. Shells, p. 409-10 fide Dall and
Bartsch, 1909

Obeliscus variegatus Carpexter, 1864b, p. 613, 618, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 104 144; 1864.
Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3. vol. XIV, p. 46; Reprint. 1872, p. 219; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 2Z ; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 54,
fig. 35 not Pyramidella variegata A. Ad.vms, 1853

Pyramidella conica Ads. var. variegata (Carpenter), Williamsox, 1892, U. S. Nat. IMus.,
Proc. vol. XV, no. 898, p. 208 by Dall; Arnold. 1903, p. 280?

Pyramidella (Longchaeus) adamsi (Carpenter), Dall and B.\rtsch, 1909, U. S. Nat.
AIus., Bull. 68, p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 6, 6a [not type] ; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 301, 309; Dall, 1921, p. 120; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,
pt. II, p. 85: Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 182. fig. 155; Keen, 1937, p. 45;
Burch, 1946. no. 61, p. 20. 47; Smith and Gordon. 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc.,
ser. 4. vol. XXVI, p. 192; .Abbott, 1954, fig. 63a same fig. as Dall and Bartsch. 1909

Not Pyramidella (Syrnola) Adamsi Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 306 new
name for Obeliscus aclis A. Adams (preoccupied)

Pyramidella conica C. B. Adams, Trvon, 1886. p. 302 in part

The holotype of this species is from Mazatlan, and the discussion of the species belongs
in the report of that area. Since the species is reported from San Pedro to Mazatlan, and
one specimen from Monterey, a reference is included herein. The holotype is in the British
Museum with the Reigen Mazatlan Collection (tablet 1951). Dall and Bartsch published a
drawing of a specimen in the U. S. National Museum. On page 21 they stated that the
type was in the British Museum. On page 22 tliey stated that the illustration was of a

125 The statement in Oldroyd and Grant and Gale indicating the type depository as the
Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia is incorrect.

244 MARTXF. ArOLLT'SCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

specimen in the U. S. National Museum. In the cx])lanati<m of tlic plate (pi. 1, fig. 6) the
specimen is indicated as "tjpe" with the dimensions of the L'. S. National Museum specimen.
Therefore, the word "type" in the explanation should be deleted. Accordingly, the type
data in Oldroyd (1927) should be corrected.

The type of L. varicgata (Carpenter) came from Cape San Lucas. From the explana-
tion of the use of the name in Arnold, the discussion probably belongs to L. ine.ricana Dall
and Bartsch (1909). This interpretation has been followed by Grant and Gale (1931, p. 865).
Burch (1946, p. 20) believed that all the forms mentioned represent one species. In that
case the species would also have to be accounted for in the diagnosis of the Pleistocene of
San Pedro (Arnold).

Genus Odostomia Ficmin.i;, 1813

Odostomia FLK^rI^•G, 1813,i-" Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia, vol. VII, pt. 1, p. 76
Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, pt. XV, p. 159,

Turbo plicatus Montagu, 1803, Test. Britannica, pt. 2, p. 325. Recent. Europe. Tuyon,

1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, pi. 77, fig. 88

Subgenus Besla Dall and Bartsch, 1904

Bcsla Dam. and Bart.sch, 1904, Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc, vol. XVII, p. 10

Type species by original designation Chrysallida convcxa Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan

Cat., p. 424. Living. Mazatlan. Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, pi.

13, fig. 4

Odostomia (Besla) callimorpha Dall and Bartsch

Chrysallida pumila Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 145; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 219; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 2,2,; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 311
Not Odostomia puuiila A. Adams, 1861, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. VII, p. 298
Odostomia (Besla) callimorpha Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p.

136, pi. 13, fig. 5 type; new name for C. ptiniila Carpenter; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat.

Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 304, 327; Dall, 1921, p. 128; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. Ill,

pt. II, p. 154; Keen, 1937, p. 42; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 35

"Like ovidum, Maz. Cat. no. 512, but slender; spiral lines delicate." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 659]

"Chr. t. minuta, angusta, alba ; vert. nucl. subito immerso, dimidium truncationis tegente ;
marginibus spirae parum excurvatis ; anfr. norm. IV. planatis, suturis vix distinctis ;
clathris radiantibus rectis, validis, planatis, circ. XX., marginibus spirae utrogue latere
parallelis, saepius attingentibus, circa basim elongatam, rotundatam continuis ; interstitiis
lirulis acutis distantibus, baud extantibus, circ. X, decussatis, quarum IV, V, in spira
monstrantur ; apertura ovali, peritremati vix continuo ; plica parietem tenus acuta, haud
celata, dcclivi.

^Xong. 0.06, long, spin 0.03, lat. 0.25, div. 12°.

"Hab. S. Pedro. Cooper.

"One specimen and a few fragments were found in the shell-washings of Dr. Palmer's
consignment. Differs from CJir. ozndum, in its slender shape and delicate spiral sculpture."
[Carpenter, 1866a, p. 220]

Dall and Bartsch figured the holotype (Carpenter type, O. piiinila).
Dimensions. — Holoty])e: Lengtii 1.5 mm.; (lianieter .6 mm. (Dall and Bartsch)
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15565

Distribution. — San Pedro, California (type) ; .San Pedro, California, to Todos Santos
Bay (Orcutt; Burch)

Subgenus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856

Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 170

Type species by monotypy, "Sp. typ. Chemnitzia communis, C. B. Ad., Pan. Shells, no. 223,
. p. 166, 312." Also by first subsequent designation. Carpenter, 1863, Zool. Soc. London,

Proc, p. 351 : Reprint, 1872, p. 187, C. communis C. B. Adams, 1852, Aim. Lye Nat.

Hist. New York, vol. 5, 1852, p. 390, p. 166 of separate. Living. Panama. Dall and

Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, pi. 14, figs. 10, 10a; Maxwell Smith, 1944,

Panama Shells, fig. 102 copy of Dall and Bartsch

i20Sherborn, 1837, Soc Bib. Nat. Hist., Jour., vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 112

GASTROPODA 245

The nioiiotypic designation of Chrysallida can be inferred from Carpenter's statement in
his original description, although one other species is linked with the name, because of his
definite type designation (1863). His reference is to C. communis C. B. Adams. Therefore,
the question of the right or wrong identification of C. communis in Carpenter (1857a,
p. 419) has no bearing on the type species of Chrysallida as Dall and Bartsch believed
(1909, p. 137; 1955, p. 60). Their statement of the type species of Chrysallida as C torrita
Dall and Bartsch (= C. communis Carpenter, 1857, not C. B. Adams, 1852) has no validity.
Chrysallida was proposed in the year before the Mazatlan Catalogue was published (1857).
Carpenter stated earlier (1856) that more details would be given in the Mazatlan Catalogue.

Odostomia (Chrysallida) cincta Carpenter

Chrysallida cincta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 145; 1866, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 220; Cooper, 1867, Gcog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,
p. ZZ

Pyramidclla cincta (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 315, pi. 74, fig. 51,
section Mumiola

Mumiola cincta (Carpenter), Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 54

Odostomia (Chrvsallida) cincta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 68, p. 137, 152. pi. 15, figs. 2, 2a tvpe; Bartsch, 1912. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 304, 329; Dall, 1921, p. 128; Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 156,
pi. 58, figs. 2, 2a tvpe same as Dall and Bartsch, 1909; Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 184; Keen, 1937, p. 42; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 8, 36

"Passing towards Mumiola. Radiating sculpture very faint. [Carpenter, 1864, p. 659]

"Chr. t. satis regulari, alba, marginibus spirae vix excurvatis ; vert. nucl. parvo, celato,
dimidium truncationis vix superante: anfr, norm. IV parum excur\-atis, suturis distinctis;
costis spiralibus obtusis circ. X, cincta, quarum IV, in spira monstrantur ; costis iii posticis
radiatim subgranulosis, seriebus circ. XV., marginibus spirae utrinque parallelis, supra
quartam subobsoletis ; interstitiis latis, delicatim decussatis; basi satis prolongata; columella
antice valde eflfusa ; plica parva. mediana.

"Long. 0.11, long. spir. 0.07, lat. 0.05, div. 35°.

"Hah. Santa Barbara group of islands. Cooper.

"The solitary specimen is probably immature. Intermediate between Chrysallida proper
and Mumiola." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 220]

Apparently Dall and Bartsch and Oldroyd overlooked Carpenter's detailed description
(1866). The type is in the U. S. National Museum. It is labeled "Sta. Barbara Cooper fig'd
type".

Dall and Bartsch included an enlarged description. This was recopied by Oldroyd.

Dimensions. — Length 3 mm.; diameter 1.5 mm. (holotype) (Dall and Bartsch)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15730

Distribution. — Santa Barbara Island, California (type) ; Santa Barbara to San Diego,
California (Burch)

Odostomia (Chrysallida) virginalis Dall and Bartsch

Evalea graciliente "Cpr", Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 52

Odostomia (Chrysallida) virginalis Dall and Bartsch. 1909, U. S. Nat. AIus., Bull. 68,

p. 160, pi. 18, figs. 7, 7a. Not Odostomia qracilcnta Monterosato, 1878, Gior. Sci. Nat.

Ec, vol. XIII, p. 93 var. of interstincta Montagit. The writer cannot find O. gracilenta

in Monterosato, 1884, "12," mentioned as fide Trj^on, Alan. Conch., vol VHI 1886

p. 384

Keep apparently used a manuscript name of Carpenter and therefore should receive credit
for the specific name. Dall and Bartsch in transferring the specific name to Odostomia
discovered that there was a previous O. gracilenfe. As a secondary homonym Keep's designa-
tion required renaming. Dall and Bartsch's appellation was given to replace a formerly
described species ; hence the type of their name should be that of Keep. In this case Dall
and Bartsch chose a new type from a distant locality (Todos Santos Bay, Lower California).
Presumably Keep's specimens came from California. He probably did not segregate certain
specimens, and they have not been found. However, for scientific purposes and technicalities
of nomenclature it would be better if a neotype had been chosen for the new name, O
virginalis, from the California area instead of from Lower California.

246 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Subgenus Evalea A. Adams, 1860

Evalca Adams, 1860, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 3. vol. VI, p. 22

Type species by suliscquent designation, \'krrii,l and Brsu, 1900, Connecticut Acad. Arts
Sci., Trans., vol. X, pt. II, p. 533, Evalca clcgans A. Adams. Living. Japan

Odostomia (Evalea) inflata Carpenter

Odostomia inflata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p._395 in part; Reprint, 1872, p. 285; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. .Sur. California, p. 33 ; 1870, Amcr. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66 ;
Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 358 in part not pi. 78, fig. 45; Keep, 1887, West
Coast Shells, p. 53; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15 no. 898, p. 209

Odostomia (Evalca) inflata Carpenter, in part, Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Proc, vol. 33, no. 1574, p. 524, pi. XLVII, fig. 8 lectotype; Dall and Bartsch,
1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 201, ])1. 23, fig. 7 lectotype same as 1907 fig.; Bartsch,
1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 306, 337; Dall, 1921, p. 133 correct
"Dall and Bartsch" as author; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 195, pi. 63, fig. 7 lectotype;
pi. 66, fig. lectotype same as Dall and Bartsch, 1907, 1909; Baily, 1935, West Coast
Shells (Keep), p. 184; Keen, 1937, p. 42; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 13, 42; Smith and
Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 194

"Like large dolioliformis: with most minute spiral striulation, Farallone Is. on Hal.
rufcscens, teste Darbishire." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 658]

In the recording of this description the species was listed from \'ancouver region.

"O. testa majore, tenui, pallide cinera epider-mide cinera induta ; vert. nucl. subito immerso ;
anfr. norm. IV, rapidissime augentibus, subplanatis, suturis impressis; tota superficie
minutissime et confertissime spiraliter striolata ; umbilico nullo ; basi et apertura valde
elongatis; labro acuto; labio tenuissimo ; plica acuta, transversa, parietem attingente;
columella valde arcuata, antice effusa. Long. .26, long, spir. .09, lat. .14, div. 60°.

"Variat spira elatiore. Long. .24, long. spir. .11, lat. .13, div. 45°.

"Variat quoque striolis subobsoletis

"flab. Sta. Barbara {Jcivctt) ; Farraleone Islands, in cavities, on Haliotis (teste R. D.

Darbishire) ; near San Francisco {Rozvell) ; Neeah Bay (Swan)." [Carpenter, 1865h,

p. 395. Includes 0. inflata Carpenter and O. jewettii Dall and Bartsch, 1909]

The original description of O. inflata Carpenter (1864b, p. 658) is meager but sufficient
to claim validity. In that description only the Vancouver region and the Farallones mate-
rial are included.

When Carpenter wrote his final description of what he called O. inflata (1865, p. 395) he
included specimens from Santa Barbara, collected by Jewett, as well as other California
localities, and the original material from Neah Bay, Washington, sent in by Swan.

Dall and Bartsch regarded the description as covering two distinct species, and in 1907
they described the Jewett forms as a new species, O. jczvetti. They figured the original
specimens, which they called types, of each suite. liach specimen is a lectotype. The illustra-
tions reveal that the specimens do represent distinct forms. Confusion has entered into the
diflferentiation of O. inflata Carpenter and O. jczvetti Dall and Bartsch, because those authors
were not complete in their references. In 1921 (p. 133) there is an error in printing in Dall's
list, crediting O. inflata to Dall and Bartsch. Part authorship of Dall and Bartsch is carried
over into Oldroyd (1927, p. 195). Carpenter is the author of O. inflata, and Dall and Bartsch
of O. jewetti.

Dimensions. — Length 6.2 mm.; diameter 3.8 mm (lectotype, Dall and Bartsch)

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15521b (.'\lso includes one paratype, second of
the original syntypes)

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Raspberry Island, Alaska, to Monterey.
California (Burch)

Odostomia (Ez'aJca) jczvetti Dall and Bartsch

Odostomia inflata Carpenter, 1864h, p. S37 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 23; 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 395 in part ; Reprint, 1872, p. 285
Odostomia (Evalca) jczvetti Dall and Bartsch, 1907, V. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol. 33,

no. 1574. p. 523, ph XLVTT, fig. 3 lectotvpe ; 1909. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 201, pi.

23, fig. 3 lectotype same fig. as 1907; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc vol. 42,

GASTROPODA 247

no. 1906, p. 306, 337; Dall, 1921, p. 133; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. Ill, pt. II, p. 196, pi. 66,

fig. 3; pi. 63, fig. 3 lectotype same fig. as Dall and Baktsch, 1907, 1909; Keen, 1937,

p. 42; BuRCH, 1946, no. 61, p. 42

For a discussion of the name see O. inflata Carpenter. For description and illustration of
the species see Dall and Bartsch (1907; 1909; repeated in Oldroyd, 1927).

Dimensions. — Length 6.1 mm., diameter 3.3 mm. (lectotype, Dall and Bartsch)

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15521c (also includes one paratype, second of
the original syntypes)

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type)

Odostomia (Evalca) tenuis Carpenter

Odostomia tenuis Carpenter was described by Carpenter (1857a, p. 412). Dall and Bartsch
(1909, pi. 22, fig. 3) figured a Carpenter drawing of the type in the British Aluseum
(Natural History).

The O. tenuis "Carpenter" of Dall and Bartsch in Arnold (1903, p. 281, pi. 1, fig. 14) is not
the O. tenuis Carpenter (1857). Dall and Bartsch described that shell as O. (Evalea)
(1909, p. 199, pi. 22, fig. 4). The holotype is from Santa Rosa Island, California.
O. tenuis Carpenter (1857a) is also not the O. tenuis Dall (1897, p. 14) as Munnola
tenuis). That species was renamed O. pharcida by Dall and Bartsch (1907).

Odostomia (Evalea) tenuisculpta Carpenter
(PI. 21, figs. 9, 10)

Odostomia tenuisculpta Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 145; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 30; Reprint, 1872, p. 244; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33 ; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 359, p. 78,
fig. 49 var. incisa

Odostomia straminea Carpenter, 1865, Jour. de. Conchyliol., vol. XIII, p. 146; Reprint,
1872, p. 314; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; fide Dall and
Bartsch, 1907, p. 527 ;_ 1909, p. 206; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 44

Odostomia (Evalea) tenuisculpta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 33, p. 527, pi. XLVII, fig. 6; 1909. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 206, pi. 23,
fig. 2 same figure as 1907 ?type; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 42, no.
1906, p. 306, 338; Dall, 1921, p. 134; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station,
vol. 4, p. 127. 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 207, pi. 63, fig. 2 same as Dall and Bartsch,
1909; pi. 66, fig. 6 same as Dall and Bartsch, 1907; Baily. 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 185; Keen, 1937, p. 43; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 13, 14, 15, 44; Smith and
Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 194

"Like sjiblirtilata, Maz. Cat. no. 487, with obsolete sculpture througliout." [Carpenter
1864b, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865). The following changes
should be made in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add: ". . . div. 60°.

"Hah. Neeah Bay; one specimen {Szvan) ." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 30]
Dall and Bartsch presented a detailed description of the species (1907) and rei>eated it
later (1909). In regard to the measurement and category of the specimen figured there is a
discrepancy. In the text (1907, p. 527) the specimen figured was said to be one of two
specimens from the type locality by the original collector but not the holotype. Its length
was given as 5.3 mm. which coincides with that in the explanation of the plate (pi. XLVII,
fig. 6). However, the same drawing is included later (1909, pi. 23, fig. 2), but in the explana-
tion of the plate it is listed as type with the length 2.3 mm., which is the length of the holo-
type (p. 206). Examining the holotype one finds that the drawing of Dall and Bartsch is
of the holotype which is no. 15520. It is smaller than another specimen (no. 46483 of Dall
and Bartsch, p. 206) which is segregated. Dall and Bartsch, therefore, figured the holotype
(1907; 1909, explanation pi. 23, fig. 2, 1909 is correct). A photograph of the holotype is
included herein (pi. 21, figs. 9, 10).

Dall and Bartsch determined O. straminea Carpenter (described from Cape San Lucas)
as a southern smooth form of this species.

248 MARINE MOLLT'SCA DESCRIRKD RV P. P. CARPKXTER

Holotypc. — U. S. National Museum no. 15520. (Same number is catalogued also for O.
satura Carpenter)

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (Swan) (type) ; Barkley Sound, Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, to Lower California (l)all)

Subgenus Menestho Moller, 1842

Menestho Moller, 1847, Index Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 10 in Naturhist. Tidsskr., 4 (1),

1842, p. 83
Type species by monotypy. Turbo albulus Fabricius, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 394.

Living. Greenland

Odostomia (Menestho) aequisculpta (Carpenter)

Odostomia (Evalca) aequisculpta Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV,

p. 46,47; Reprint, 1872, p. 219
Odostomia (Oscilla) aequisculpta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903,

p. 284, pi. I, figs. 3, 3a type
Odostomia (Menestho) aequisculpta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, V. S. Nat.

Mus., Bull. 68, p. 191, pi. 20, figs. 3, 3a type; Jordan, 1924, So. California Acad. Sci.,

Bull., vol. 23, pt. 5, p. 145-146; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 874; Keen, 1937, p. 42;

BuRCH, 1946, no. 61, p. 47

This species was described from Cape San Lucas. The type was figured by Dall and
Bartsch (in Arnold) and in their later monograph (1909). Although Arnold indicated that
the species was living from Cape San Lucas north to San Pedro, such distribution appar-
ently was not verified. Arnold also included the species in the Pleistocene of San Diego.
Jordan (1924) stated that the northern range extended to San Diego. On Jordan's authority.
Keen and Burch include the species in the southern California fauna. The discussion and
synonymy are not intended to be complete in this report.

Subsenus Amaura^-" Moller, 1842

Amaura Moller, 1842, Index Moll. Groenlandiae in Naturh. Tidsskr., vol. 4, (1), p. 80
Type species by monotypy, ^liiniura Candida Moller, 1842. Living. Greenland

Odostomia (Amaura) avellana Carpenter

Odostomia [nnciformis] ? var. avellana Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 144;
1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 30; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII,
p. 359 list only

Odostomia {Amaura) nuciformis avellana (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 283, pi. I, fig. II
Dall and Bartsch ; Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 33, p. 530,
pi. XLVIII, fig. 1, la type

Odostomia (Amaura) avellana (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 68, p. 4, 5, 218. 225, 228, pi. 28, fig. 3 ; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol.
42, no. 1906 p. 307 342; Dall, 1921, p. 136; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Sta-
tion, vol. 4, p. 132; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 212. pi. 64, fig. 3 same as Dall and Bartsch,
1907 and 1909; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 876, cf. pi. 32, fig. 20; Keen, 1937, p. 42;
Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 11, 45

"Shape of conoidalis." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

"O. testa O. nucijormi indole simili, sed spira valde prolongata.

"Long. .32, long. spir. .16, lat. .16, div. 50°.

"Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen (Swan).

"Like a gigantic form of O. conoidalis." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 29]

Dall and Bartsch discussed the species in detail and figured the holotype of the species.

Dimensions — Length 8.3 mm.; diameter 4.3 mm. (holotype) (Dall and Bartsch)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15517b

127 Preoccupied by Amaura Geycr (in Huebncr, 1837, p. 39, for reference see Neave,
1939-40). There is a disagreement as to whetlicr Amaura Candida belongs in the Naticidae
(Fischer. 1887 [1885] ; Tryon, 1883) or Euspiridae (Cossmann, 1925) or Pyramidellidae
(Dall and Bartsch, 1909; Theile, 1931)

GASTRoronx 249

Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington, to San
Martin Island, Lower California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and
Gale)

Odostomia (Amaura) gouldii Carpenter

Odostomia [satura] var. Gouldii C.arpextek, 1864b, p. 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 144; 1865,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 30; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII,
p. 358

Odostomia Gouldii Carpenter, Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. S3 probably var. O. inflata
Carpenter

Not Odostomia (Evalea) gouldii (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 282, pi. I, fig. 15 fide Dall
AND Bartsch, 1907, p. 528

Odostomia {Amaura) gouldii (Carpenter"), Dall and Bartscii, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc. vol. 33, p. 531, pi. XLVIII, fig. 4 type; Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 68, p. 4, 5, 204, 218, 224, pi. 27, fig. 2 type; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,
vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 307, 342; Dall, 1921, p. 136; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.
Sta., vol. 4, p. 132; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 876, Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 185; Keen, 1937, p. 42; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 11, 45

"Taller, base gently rounded." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

"O. testa solida, alba, ovoidea, marginibus spirae valde excurvatis ; vert. nucl. deciiviter
immerso; anfr. norm, v., subplanatis, suturis valde impressis ; peripheria baud angulata ; basi
excurvata, baud tumida ; apertura ovata, postice parum constricta ; labro solido ; labio
conspicuo, rimani umbilicalem formante ; plica submediano, solida, extante, baud decHvi.
Long. .23, long. spir. .13, lat. .1, div. 30°.

"Hah. Neeah Bay; very rare {Szvan) .

"Agrees in some respects better with the diagnosis of O. gravida, Gould, than do Col.
Jewett's shells, from which it is presumed the species was described. These large forms
appear verj' variable." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 29]

Dall and Bartsch (1907; repeated 1909) discussed the species in detail and figured the
holotype.

Dimensions. — Holotj'pe : Length 6.1 mm., diameter 3.1 mm. (Dall and Bartsch)

Holotype.— U. S. National Museum, no. 22821

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Neah Bay, Washington south to San
Diego, California (Burch)

Odostomia (Amaura) nuciformis Carpenter

Odostomia nuciformis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 30; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 53; Williamson,

1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XV, no. 898, p. 209
Odostomia muciformis [sic] Carpenter, Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 358, pi.

78, fig. 46
Odostomia (Amaura) nuciformis (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 33, p. 530. pi. XLVIII, figs. 3, 3a type; 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p.

4, 5, 219, 227, pi. 28 fig. 1, type same fig. as 1907; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 307, 343; Dall, 1921, p. 137; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol.

Station, vol. 4, p. 133; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 220, pi. 64, fig. 1 same as Dall and

Bartsch; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 185; Keen, 1937, p. 43; Burch,

1946, no. 61, p. 11, 46

"Very large, solid Tornatelloid." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]

A copy of Carpenter's description (1865) was published by Oldroyd (1927). The fol-
lowing changes should be included in her copy :

Line 2 : read "vertice" for "vertie ;" last line : delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 70°

"Hob. Neeah Bay; extremely rare {Siijan)." [Carpenter, 1865a, p. 30]

Dall and Bartsch (1907; 1909) furnished a detailed description of the species and illus-
trated the holotype.

Dimensions. — Holotype: length 7.7 mm.; diameter 4.4 mm. (Dall and Bartsch)
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15517a

250 MARINE MOLLUSCA nKSCRTBED BY P. T. CARPENTER

Distribution. — Ncah Bay, Washington (type') ; Noah Bay, Washington, to San Diego,
California (Burch)

Odostomia (Amaura) satura Carpenter

Odostomia satura Carpenter, 1864b, p. 628, 658; Reprint, 1872, p. 114, 144; 1865, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 29; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,
Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 54, ? fig. 34; Tryon,
1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 358, pi. 78, fig. 48

Odostomia (Amaura) satura (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc., vol. 33, p. 529, pi. XLVIII, figs. 5, 5a type; 1909, U. S. Nat. Miis., Bull. 68,
p. 45, 218, 221, pi. 27, fig. 1 same as 1907 type; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,
vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 307, 342; Dall, 1921, p. 136; Oldrovd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound
Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 131 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 222; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 876;
Baily, 1935. West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 185, fig. 161, type saine fig. as Dall and
Bartsch, 1907; 1909; Keen, 1937, p. 43; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 11, 46

Odostomia satura piipiformis Carpenter, 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV,
p. 30; Reprint, 1872, p. 243; Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 358; Dall and
Bartsch in Arnold, 1903, p. 283, pi. 1, fig. 13, type, as O. (Amaura) pupiformis;
1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 33, p. 529, 530, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 68,
p. 221 under O. satura; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 876, under O. satura

"Large, with swollen whirls [sic] like Bithinia similis." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]
A copy of Carpenter's description (1865) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The
following should be changed in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 40°

"Hab. Neeah Bay; rare (Szi'an)

"Var. pupiformis: anfr. primis valdc depressis, planatis; vertice mamniillato; anfr. ult.
norniali. Si)ecimen unicum, quasi monstruosnm. Long. .19, long. spir. .1, lat. .12, div. 45°."
[Carpenter, 1865a, p. 30]

Dall and Bartsch (1907; repeated 1909) presented a detailed description of the species.

They included, with good reason, the "var." pupiformis Carpenter as an injured individual

of the species. Thev figured the type of O. pupiformis in Arnold (1903) and the type of

O. satura (1907; 1909).

The same U. S. Nat. Museum catalogue number applies to both O. satura and O. tiviuis-

culpta. 0. satura is labelled, "Neah Bay type Swan."

Dimensions.— hength 6.4 mm.; diameter 3.5 mm. (holotype) (Dall and Bartsch)
Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15520 (holotype, O. pupiformis, no. 15520a)
Distribution. — Recent. Neah Bay, Washington (type). Pleistocene. California (Dall and

Bartsch in Arnold ; Grant and Gale)

Odostomia (Ivara) terricula Dall and Bartsch

Odostomia (Ivara) terricula [turricula] Dall and Bartsch (1909, p. 179) was described
by Dall and Bartsch in Arnold (1903, p. 285). The name was a manuscript one of Carpenter,
and it was misspelled as terricula. Dall and Bartsch (1909) pointed out the typographical
error, so the writer assumes that the corrected form might be authenticated. However,
Dall (1921, p. 130) apparently decided that the original misspelling should stand for the
specific name he so wrote it. Dall was followed by Oldroyd (1927, p. 173), Burch (1946,
no. 61, p. 39), and Abbott (1954, p. 290). Keen (1937, p. 43) and Smith and Gordon (1948,
p. 194) used "turricula." Such a dual usage is not a healthy condition in the taxonomy of
the species, for error of interpretation and listing of two different species could easily creep
into records. The most practical and least involved method of solving the problem is to
return to the original spelling of the specific name. This has published sanction of one of
the original authors. An original author, of course, has no more right to change his pub-
lished name than any other author. However, in this case it does give an authoritative
opinion.

Odostomia (Idea) eucosmia Dall and Bartsch

Oscilla insculpta "Cpr.," Keep, 1887. West Coast Shells, p. 52

Odostomia (lolaca) eucosmia Dail and Bartsch, 1909, U. .S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68 p. 183,

GASTROPODA 251

])1. 20, figs. 10, 10a. New name for O. insculpta Keep. Not Odostomia inscnlpta I)k Kay,
1843, Zool. New York, pt. V, Mollusca, p. 115

Keep used a manuscript name of Carpenter, so that Carpenter cannot be credited with
the name.

The above is a new name for that of Keep which was preoccupied when the species was
transferred to Odostomia. Dall and Bartsch used specimens other than those of Keep for
the type of their new name. They chose a specimen from Lower California. Again, as in the
case of O. virginalis, a neotypic choice from the type area of Keep (California) would be
more appropriate than from Lower California.

The type of Oscilla insculpta Carpenter ms. is in the Redpath Museum, no. 2371. The
Carpenter type was discovered by the author in 1951. There are two specimens with the
label, "Oscilla insculpta San Diego H H type." Because Carjicnter's name is a nomcn nudtiin
and Keep's is preoccupied the species is now known by Dall and Bartsch's appelation. The
Carpenter type has no value. Therefore, no figure of it is included in this report.

Genus Turbonilla Leach in Risso, 1826

Turhonilla Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europe Merid., vol. 4, p. 224

Type species by subsequent designation, Herrmaxxsen, 1852, Ind. Gen. Malac, Supp. et
Corr., p. 136, T. costulata'^'^^ Risso, 1826, Fossil. Saint Jean. Risso, 1826, fig. 72
The type designation of Gray (1847, p. 160) of Turbo elegantissima Aiontagu (1803, pt.

II, p. 298) is valid only if that species is proven to be equivalent to T. costulata Risso.

T. elcgantissima Montagu is restricted to a northern distribution by modern workers

(Winckworth, 1932, p. 227; Palmer, 1947, p. 228).

Subgenus Chemnitzia d'Orbigny, 1840

Chemnitsia d'Orbigxy, 1840,^29 in Webb axd Berthei.ot's Hist. Nat. lies Canaries, p. 77

as subgenus of Mclania
Type species by monotypy Chcmnitcia canipancllae (Piiilippi), 1836, Enum. Moll. Sicil.,

vol. I, p. 156, t. 9, fig. 5 as Melania; Recent. Sicily. Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol.

VIII, pi. 75, fig. 77

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) muricata (Carpenter)

Chemnitzia muricata Carpexter, 1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 428

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) muricata Carpenter, Dall and Bartsch in Arxold, 1903,

p. 270
Turbonilla (Chemnitsia) muricata Carpenter, Dall axd Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Bull. 68, p. 36, pi. 2, fig. 9; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 866

The species was described from IMazatlan by Carpenter and has not been reported in the
Recent fauna from the area of the scope of this report. Dall and Bartsch figured the type
(1909). The notes herein are not intended to be complete. Arnold stated that the species
occurred in the Pleistocene, "rare" in the lower Pleistocene (lower San Pedro) of San
Pedro and Deadman Island, and common in the upper Pleistocene (upper San Pedro
= Palos Verdes sand) of San Pedro and Los Ccrritos, California. This distribution has been
repeated by Grant and Gale.

Subgenus Bartschella Tredale, 1916
(Diinkcria Dall and Bartsch, 1909; not Carpenter, 1857)

Bartschella Iredale, 1916. Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 12. p. 36

Type species by original designation, Dunkcria subanqulata Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Cat.,

p. 434. Recent. Mazatlan. Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, pi. 12, fig.

11 type

i2SNot T. costulata Verrill, 1873, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish., pt. 1, p. 658 = T. miqhelsi
Bartsch, 1909. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. 34. p. 88.

129 See Stearns (1937, p. 54) for dates of publication of Webb and Berthelot.

252 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Turbonilla (Bartschella) laminata (Carpenter)

Dunkcna lamiiuifa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 145; 1865, Ann.

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 396; Reprint, 1872, p. 286; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 52
Turbonilla laminata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1866, Man. Conch., vol. Vlll, p. 338, pi. 76,

fig. 51
Turbonilla (Fyrgiscula) laminata (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 277, pi. II, figs. 8, 8a Dale

AND Bartsch
Turbonilla (Dunkcria) laimnata (Carpenter) Dale and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Bull. 68, p. 120, 121, 122, pi. 12, figs. 16, 16a; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 42, no. 1906. p. 303, 326
Turbonilla (Bartschella) laminata (Carpenter), Dale, 1921, p. 127; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. II, p. 150; Grant and Gaee, 1931, p. 872; Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep),

p. 183, fig. 158 same as Dale and Bartsch; Keen, 1937, p. 48; Burch, 1946, no. 61,

p. 34; Abbott, 1954, fig. 631 same fig. as Dale and Bartsch, 1909

"Subgenus of Chcmnitzia, with rounded whirls: typical species. Aspect of Fcnclla,
finely cancellated." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished a copy of Carpenter's description (1865). The following
should be changed in her copy :

Delete "poll", last line.

Add:

". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jeivctt) ; San Diego (Cooper).

"This beautiful Fenelloid species may be regarded as the type of the group Dunkcria."
[Carpenter, 1865h, p. 396]

Dall and Bartsch presented a detailed description of the species and figured a specimen
collected by Cooper at San Pedro, California, not the type locality.

Dimensions. — Length 6.6 mm.; diameter 2.1 mm. (Dall and Bartsch, specimen figured)

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara or San Diego, California (type); Redondo Beach,
California, to South Coronado Islands (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Oldryod,
1924; WiUett, 1937) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Subgenus Pyrgiscus Philippi. 1841

Pyrgiscus Philippi, Archiv. Naturgesch., 7. Bd. 1. p. 50

Type species by subsequent designation, Dale and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903. California

Acad. Sci., Mem., vol. III. p. 274; Mclania rufa Philippi, 1836. Enum. Moll. Sicil.. vol.

1, p. 156. pi. IX, fig. 7. Living. Europe. Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, pi. 74,

figs. 68-70

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) castanea (Keep)

Chemnitzia castanea "Cpr.", Keep, 1887. West Coast Shells, p. 52. fig. 33

Not Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) castanea Dale and Bartsch, 1907. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc, 33.

no 1574, p. 509, pi. XLVII, fig. 7 - T. castanella Dall, 1908, Nautilus, vol. 21, no. 10.

p. 131
Turbonilla ( Pyr(ii.<;cu.'!) castanea (Keep). Dall and Bartsch. 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.

68, p. 101. pi." 9, figs. 1, la not type; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, no. 1906,

p. 303, 322

Keep apparently used a manuscript name of Carpenter for this species. But. as Dall and
Bartsch have shown. Keep only is responsible for the name. Dall and Bartsch described and
illustrated a specimen from San Pedro collected by Oldroyd. This is not the type, as they
indicated in the explanation of the plate (pi. 9, figs. 1, la). They explained that Keep's type
which they had examined came from San Diego. Bartsch (1912, p. 322) recorded the Keep
type in the U. S. National Museum.

Curiously Dall and Bartsch (1907) described a Turbonilla (Pyriscus) castanea. There-
fore, when Keep's species was transferred to the category of Turbonilla, Dall and Bartsch's
name became preoccupied. Dall consequently renamed their specific name, T. castanella.

r.ASTRoroDA 2S'S

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) tenuicula (Gould)

Chemnitzia crebrifilata Carpenter

(PL 21, fig. 20;

Chemnitzia tenuicula Gould, 1853, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour., vol. 6, p. 383-384, pi. 14,
fig. 15; Dall and Bartsch. 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 92, pi. 8, figs. 3, 7. 7a,
12, 12a, 14, 14a (type of T. cuspidata Cari)enter) including representative figures of
Carpenter name; (iRant a\d Gale, 1931, p. 870, see for additional synonymy

Chemnitzia terehralis Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Shells, p. 432 fide Dall and Bartsch,
1909, p. 92

Chemnitzia unifasciata Carpenter, 1857, Mazatlan Shells, p. 433 fide Dall and Bartsch,
1909, p. 92

Chemnitzia (? tcnuicnla, var.) subcuspidata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 659; Reprint, 1872, p.
99, 145 fide Dall and B.'Vrtsch, 1909; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. AIoll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 22)

Chemnitzia subcuspidata Carpenter, 1866, California Acad. Sci., Proc. vol. Ill, p. 220

Chemnitzia crebrifilata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 145; 1865, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 395 ; Reprint, 1872, p. 285 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.
Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 33

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) crebrifilata (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903,
p. 276. pi. n, figs. 6, 6a fide Dall and Bartsch, 1909

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) subcuspidata (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903,
p. 277, pi. II, figs. 2, 2a type fide Dall and Bartsch, 1909; Burch, 1946, no. 61,
p. 32 under T. (P.) tcnuicnla Gould

Dall and Bartsch indicated in the synonymy of T. tenuicula Gould several Carpenter
names. T. terebralis and T. unifasciata are Mazatlan catalogue names, and the figuring of
the types of those forms properly belong with the illustration of that catalogue. The holo-
type of T. crebrifilata (Santa Barbara) is in the Redpath Museum, no. 2363. That of
T. tenuicula subcuspidata Carpenter is in the U. S. National Museum (no. 14829) and was
figured by Dall and Bartsch (1903, PI. II, figs. 2, 2a; 1909, pi. 8, figs. 14, Ha)."^ It is a
specimen collected by Cooper at San Diego. (See Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, no. 106.)

"Ribs more distant, muricated at sutures." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 659 C. tenuicula var.
subcuspidata]

"Slender, whitish : with 8 spiral threads passing over 24 ribs, evanescent round base."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659, C. crebrifilata]

"C. testa satis tereti, subalbida, haud regulari ; anfr. nucl. ii., helicoideis, decliviter sitis,
margines spirae parum excurvatos paullum superantibus ; norm. VIII, quorum primi subro-
tundati, ultimi vix planati, suturis valde distinctis ; cost. rad. circ. XXIV., subrectis, acutiori-
bus, angustis, interdum attingentibus, anfr. ultimo crebrioribus minus expressis, circa basim
prolongatam haud subito evanescentibus ; lirulis spiralibus, in spira circ. VIII., rotundatis
expressis, anfr. ult. supra costas subnodulosis, circa basim crebrioribus ; peritremate con-
tinuo ; columella vix torta, haud plicata; labio distincto. Long. .22, long. spir. .17, lat. .07,
div. 18°.

"Hob. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jen'Ctt)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 395, C. crebrifilata]
". . . State Collection, no. 670 ; a.

"Ch. t. parva, minus tereti, cerina seu purpureo-fusca ; anfr. nucl. ii. et. dimidio, valde
decliviter sitis, marginibus spirae parum excurvatis superantibus ; norm. viii. planatis,
suturis excavatis ; costis radiantibus circ. xviii. acutis, circa basim prolongatam vix continuis,
ad suturas valde elevatis, subcuspidatis ; interstitiis latioribus undulatis ; sulcis spiralibus
creberrimis, altis, in spira circ. x., costas vix secantibus, circa basim impressis ; peritremati
vix continue, labio distincto ; columella vix torta.

"Long. 0.23, long. spir. 0.16, lat. 0.06, div. 25°.
"Hab. S. Diego ; 25 dredged in shoal water. Cooper.

"Differs from the figure of Ch. tenuicula (which represents a shell with more numerous
ribs than the diagnosis) in its more distant ribs with broader interstices ; closer and deeper
spiral sculpture ; impressed sutures ; and especially by the elegant murication of the tops
of the ribs, with projecting, curved lines between. This is best seen in the j-oung shells, when
the ribs are distinct over the base." [Carpenter, 1866, p. 220, C. subcuspidata]

12" Substitute Carpenter for Gould in author's name (1909, explanation pi. 8, fig. 14).
The same figure is in Arnold (1903, PI. II, figs. 2, 2a labelled type) ; also indicated type in
Dall and Bartsch (1909, p. 93) and Bartsch (1912, p. 321).

254 MARINE ^rOLLI'SCA nESCRIRKD P.V P. P. CARPENTER

Arnold reported the Carpenter forms 7". crcbrifilata (San Diego) and T. subcuspidata
from the Pleistocene of San Pedro and San Diego regions.

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) virgo (Carpenter)

Chemnitcia virgo Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 145; 1865, Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 396; Reprint, 1872, p. 286; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll.,

Geol. Sur. California, p. 34
TurhoiiiUa virgo Carpenter, Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 333 list only
Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) virgo (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Bull. 68, p." 75, 78, 93, 94, pi. 8, figs. 4, 4a (type ?) ; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 303, 321; Dall, 1921, p. 126; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II,

p. 136; Keen, 1937, p. 49; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 7, 33

"Very slender, with short, smooth base; 18 ribs, evanescent at periphery, and 8 spiral
grooves." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1865). 'J'he following should be
changed in her copy :

Line 2: For "VII" read "VIII;" last line: delete "poll."
Add:

". . . div. 12°.

"Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen {Jczvett)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 396]

The specimen in the U. S. National Museum, no. 73993, is labelled, "Sta. Barbara
Stearns Coll. fig'd type unique". The label in the bottle containing the specimen is "unique
type", in Carpenter's handwriting. Hence the specimen is the "holotype". However, Car-
penter has a discrepancy in his choosing of the type. His description referred to Jewett as
the collector. The writer, therefore, prefers to use the term lectotype in designating the
lone type representative of the species.

There is a slight and unimportant disagreement between the measurement of lengtli in the
te.xt in Dall and Bartsch (1909, p. 94) and that stated in the explanation of the plate.

The species has been described in detail by Dall and Bartsch and the lectotype figured.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 73993

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type)

Subgenus Pyrgolampros Sacco, 1892
(Pyrgolainpnts Cossmann, 1921)

Pvrgolainpros Sacco, 1892, I Moll, de Piemonte edella Liguria, Reale Accad. Sci. Torino,

Mem. (2), 42, p. 667
Type species by original designation, P. mioperpHcatulus Sacco, 1892, p. 669, pi. II, fig. 91.

Tortonian, Middle Miocene. Italy

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) aurantia (Carpenter)

Chcmnitzia aurantia Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 603, 659 (? var.) ; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 89,
145; Cooper, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66; Smith and Gordon, 1948, p. 102
query Monterey record

Chcmnitzia chocolata var. aurantia Carpenter, Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 33 in part

Chcmnitcia tridentata (? var.) aurantia Carpenter, 1865, Jour, de Conchyliol., vol. XIII,
ser. 3, vol. V, p. 147; Reprint, 1872, p. 315

Turbonilla (Lancca) aurantia (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903, p. 272

Turbonilla aurantia (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 333 list only; not
Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mtis., Proc, vol. 15. no. 898, p. 209

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) aurantia (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 33, p. 502, pi. XLV, fig. 5 [lectotype] ; Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Bull. 68, p. 60, 66 (duplicate of 1907). pi. 6. fig. 4 same as 1907; Bartsch, 1912,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 302, 317; Dall, 1921, p. 123; Oldroyd, 1927,
vol. IT, pt. II, p. 123, pi. 52, fig. 4 [lectotype] ; pi. 54, fig. 5 type, both same as Dall
and Bartsch, 1907; 1909; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 869; Keen, 1937, p. 48; Burch,
1946, no. 61, p. 5, 27; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,
vol. XXVI, p. 192 queried Monterey record.

GASTROPODA

255

"Intermediate between the above: orange, base round; 26 ribs, striulate between."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished a copy of Carpenter's description (1865) of this species. To
that copy the following lines should be added :
". . . div. 20°.

"Hab. Santa Barbara, Jezvett. — Puget Sound, Kennerley.

"II est possible qu'on reconnaisse plus tard que cette espece est le jeune age du Ch.
tridentata: elle est intermediaire entre elle et le Ch. chocolata." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 148]

Dall and Bartsch (1907) gave and repeated (1909) a complete discussion of the shell
of this species and figured the lectotype. The specimen (no. 4493b) is labelled "Puget
Soirnd" and "Santa Barbara." Dall and Bartsch suggested tliat the specimen came from
Puget Sound, as the species has not been reported south of there since Carpenter's and
Cooper's time. Because of the discrepancy in the label, the writer uses the term lectotype
and follows Dall and Bartsch in choosing Puget Sound as the proper locality. Dall and
Bartsch referred (1907; 1909) to the specimen mentioned as "type," but it is listed by
Bartsch (1912) as specimen.

There is still uncertainty, however, regarding this species, because Carpenter (1864b,
p. 531, 603, 659; 1865g, p. 148) made particular mention that the species was found by Col.
Jewett at Santa Barbara.

Dimensions. — Lectotype: length 5.8 mm.; diameter 2.4 mm. (Dall and Bartsch). [Expl.
pi. XLV, 1907, length 6.2 mm. corrected elsewhere]

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4493b

Distribution. — Recent. Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Departure Bay, Victoria,
British Columbia and Puget Sound (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and
Gale)

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) chocolata (Carpenter)

Chcmnitzia chocolata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 613, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 99, 145; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 220; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 2)2i ; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66

Turbonilla chocolata Carpenter, Tryox, 1887, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. ZZZ list only;
Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 209

Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) chocolata (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat.
Mus., Bull."68, p. 60. 70, pi. 5, figs. 9, 9a; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 42,
no. 1906, p. 302, 317; Dall, 1921, p. 124; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 115, pi. 50,
figs. 9, 9a same as Dall and Bartsch ; Keen, 1937, p. 48; Burch, 1946, no. 61, p. 4, 27;
Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 193;
Abbott, 1954, fig. 63e same fig. as Dall and Bartsch, 1909

Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) bcrryi Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol.
iZ, no. 1574, p. 500, pi. 44, figs. 10, 10a; Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
68, p. 69, pi. 6, figs. 5, 5a fide Smith in Burch, p. 27; Smith and Gordon, 1948, p. 193

Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) painei Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 71, pl. 5, figs. 4, 4a fide
Smith and Gordon, 1948, p. 193

"Same size and colour : not toothed : base prolonged : crowded ribs minutely striulate
between." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659]

Carpenter's description (1866) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following should
be changed in her copy :
Delete "poll."
Add:

". . . State Collection, no. 428"

". . . div 17°.

"Hab. S. Pedro, S. Diego, Monterey ; rare. Cooper.

"One specimen, in Dr. Palmer's consignment, is known from Ch. fridcntata by the very
effuse spire, prolonged base, and crowded ribs without waved sculpture between." [Carpenter,
1866a, p. 220]

256 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BV V. P. CARPENTER

Dall and Bartsch described the species in detail and illustrated a specimen collected by
Cooper from San Pedro that could well be chosen as a lectotype (no. 15315, U. S. National
Museum).

Dimensions. — Length 14 mm.; diameter 3.6 mm (specimen figured by Dall and Bartsch)

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Recent. San Pedro, San Diego, or Monterey, California (type) : Monterey
to Catalina Island, California (Rurch). Pleistocene. San Diego (Cooper, 1888)

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) valdezi Dall and Bartsch

TurbonUla {P\rqolampros) gibbosa "Carpenter" Dall and Bartsch, 1903, in Arnold,
p. 279, pi. 1. figs. 2, 2a = T. valdezi Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,
vol. 2)2), no. 1574, p. 502, pi. 44, figs. 3, 3a same figure as in Arnold, 1903 = T. valdcsi
Dall and Bartsch, 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 62, pi. 6 fig. 8 same figure as in
Arnold (1903) and Dall and Bartsch (1907). Not Turbonilla gibbosa Carpenter,
1857, Mazatlan Cat., p. 430 as Chcmnitzia

Subgenus Mormula A. Adams, 1864 i^i

Monnula A. Adams, 1864, Jour, of Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 7, p. 1
Type species by subsequent designation, Verrill and Bush, 1909, Connecticut Acad. Arts.
Sci., Trans., X, pt. II, p. 531 ; Morunilci rissoina A. Adams, 1864. Living. Japan

Turbonilla (Mormula) tridentata (Carpenter)
(PI. 21, fig. 19)

Chemnitzia tridentata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 537, 603, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 89, 145; 1865,
Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XIII, ser. 3, vol. V, p. 147; Reprint, 1872, p. 315; Cooper, 1867,
Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22i; 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 66

Turbonilla tridentata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 333 list only

Turbonilla (Lancea) tridentata (Carpenter), Arnold, 1903, p. 273, pi. II, figs. 1, la identi-
fication made by Dall and Bartsch

Turbonilla (Mormula) tridentata (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 33, no. 1574, p. 511, pi. XLV, fig. 9; 1909, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 114,
pi. 11, figs. 12, 12a; Bartsch, 1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 303, 324;
Dall, 1921, p. 127. Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 147, pi. 56, figs. 12, 12a same as Dall
AND Bartsch, 1909; pi. 54, fig. 9 same as Dall and Bartsch, 1907; Grant and Gale,
1931, p. 871 ; Keen, 1937, p. 49; Bt'rch. 1946, no. 61, p. 8, 34; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XVI, p. 193; Abbott, 1954, fig. 63f same fig.
as Dall and Bartsch, 1909

"Large, chestnut: 19-24 ribs, evanescent at periphery: waved interspaces with 8-10 spiral
grooves : labrum with 3 teeth, hidden as in Obeliscus: base round." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 659]

A copy of Carpenter's description (1865) was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The
following should be changed in her copy :

Line 2, read "pallidioribus" for "pall dioribus;" line 3, read "11" for "ii" ; line 5, read
"undatis" for "undates ;" line 7, read "labro" for "labio;" line 8, read ".45" for ".43."

Add:

". . . div. 16°.

"Hab. Santa Barbara, Jezvett. — Puget Sound, Kennerley. — Monterey, San Pedro,
Cooper.

"Les trois dents de cette belle espece, cachees tout a fait a I'interieur de I'ouverture,
comme dans plusieurs especcs du genre Obeliscus, ont ete, pour la premiere fois, observees
sur un individu casse et roule de Santa Barbara. Celui-ci a 22 cotes; celui de Monterey, 20;
celui du nord, 19; et ceux de San Diego, 24." [Carpenter, 1865g, p. 147]

The type of this species is labelled "Type Monterey, Cal." It is, therefore, the third
specimen mentioned by Carpenter and collected by Cooper.

Dall and Bartsch gave a complete description of the species and illustrated a shell from
San Pedro. The holotype is figured herein.

Lectotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15315b

131 Neave (1940, p. 219) gave the date as 1863. The volume examined is dated 1864.

GASTROPODA 257

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Alonterey to San Diego, California
(Dall). Pleistocene. California (.Arnold; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937)

Subgenus Strioturbonilla Sacco, 1892

Striotiirbonilla Sacco, 1892, I Moll, terr, terz. del Piemonte Liguria, pt. XI, Torino, p. 94;
1892, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp., Torino, vol. VII, no. 121, p. 55

Type species by original designation, S. signwidea (Jeffreys) = Odostomia sigmoidea
Jeffreys, 1884, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 354. Recent. Algiers, Palermo; 163;/) fath-
oms. Jeffreys, 1884, pi. XXVI, fig. 9

Dall and Bartsch (1904; 1909) stated that the type of Strioturbonilla Sacco is T. alpina
Sacco. They have been followed by such students as Cossmann (1921, p. 281) and Thiele
(1929). Sacco designated as type S. sigmoidea (Jeffreys) in both his descriptions (1892).

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) stylina (Carpenter)
(PL 22, fig. 16)

Chcmnitzia torqu-ata ? var. stylina Carpenter, 1864b p. 537, 659; Reprint, 1872, p. 23, 145;

1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XV, p. 396; Reprint, 1872, p. 286; Cooper,

1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 34; 1870, Anier. Jour. Conch., vol. \^I,

p. 66
Turbonilla torquata stvlina (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 333, pi.

76, fig. 32; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. XV, no. 898, p. 209
Turbonilla {Strioturbonilla) stylina (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1907, U. S. Nat.

Mus., Proc, vol. 33, no. 1574, p. 497, pi. XLI\', figs. 11, 11a; Dall and Bartsch, 1909,

U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 68, p. 41. 48, 53. pi. 3, figs. 7, 7a type?; Bartsch, 1912, U. S.

Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 42, no. 1906, p. 302, 313; Dall, 1921, p. 122; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.

II, pt. II, p. 100; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 867; Keen, 1937, p. 49; Burch, 1946, no.

61, p. 3, 26
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) torquata stylina Dall and Bartsch in Arnold, 1903, p. 272

in part fide Dall and Bartsch, 1909, pi. 1, figs. 10, 10a
Turbonilla (Turbonilla) stvlina (Carpenter), Smith and Gordon, 1948, California .\cad.

Sci., Proc ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 192

"Like torquata, tapering less swollen in front, with more ribs, band less marked." [Car-
penter, 1864b, p. 659]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's (1865) description. The following should be
changed in her copy:

Line 4: for "fascis" read "fascia;" last line; for "8" read ".8;" delete "poll."

Add:

". . . div. 10°

"Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jetvctt) ; Monterey (Cooper)." [Carpenter, 1865h, p. 396]

There is a discrepancy as to the category of the illustration of this species in Dall and
Bartsch.

The explanation in the text and of the illustration in regard to the specimen figured by
Dall and Bartsch (1907) stipulated that the specimen was collected by Dall at Monterey
and did not indicate that the shell w^as the holotype. Under the circumstances it could not
be the holotype. The type w^as either collected by Jewett or Cooper. Dall and Bartsch later
(1909) duplicated the text and figures of the discussion of this species, except that, in the
explanation of Figure 11 of the plate, "type" is inserted. The specimen in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum, no. 14829 is indicated as type. This is the specimen catalogued by Carpenter
in the U. S. National Museum catalogue. It is labelled "Chemnitzia ( ? torquata var. stylina)
type Monterey Cooper." Another specimen in the Redpath ^Museum is labelled by Car-
penter, "Chemn. ? var. stylina type St. Barbara." The two syntypes, therefore, of the
original description are accounted for. Because each was collected at a different locality,
the writer designates no. 14829 U. S. National Museum as the lectotype.

Dall and Bartsch discussed the species thoroughly.

Lectotype.- — U. S. National Museum, no. 14829 ; paratype, Redpath Museum, no. 5729

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type). Monterey, California, to Coronado
Islands, California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Cooper, 1888; Arnold; Grant and Gale;
Oldroyd, 1937) ; Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

258 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Family Sii'hoxakiidae

Gem:s Siphonaria Sowerbj^ 1823

Siphonaria J. de C. Sowerbv, 1823,^32 Genera Recent and Fossil Shells [not dated], pt. XXI
Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 181,
S. sipho SowERBY, 1823. Recent. Philippines. Sowerby, 1823, fig. 1

Subgenus Liriola Dull, 1870

Liriola Dall, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 32 as section; Dale, 1878, Jour, cle
Conchy!., vol. XXVI, p. 69

Type species by original designation, Siphonaria thersites Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 425. Recent. Aleutian Islands to Strait of Juan de Fuca. Dale,
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, pi. 4, fig. 8a, 8b; pi. 5, fig. 2; 1925, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 66, pi. 2)i, figs. 2, 3 ; Hubendick, 1946, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akademiens, Han-
dlingar, ser. 3, Bd. 23, no. 5, pi. 5, figs. 35-38

Siphonaria (Liriola) thersites Carpenter

Siphonaria thersites Carpenter, 1864b, p. 561, 627, 647, 676, 684; Reprint, 1872, p. 47, 113,
133, 162, 170; 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. XIV, p. 425; Reprint, 1872.
p. 237 S. Thersites; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 21 ; Dall,
1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 23, 39, pi. 4, fig. 8; pi. 5, fig. 2, Liriola section;
1921, p. 66; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 75; Dale, 1925,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 66, no. 2554, p. 26, pi. Z2>, figs. 2, 3 subgenus Liriola; Oldroyd,
1927, vol. II, pt. 1, p. 57; Keen, 1931, p. 46; Burch, 1945, no. 48, p. 15; Hubendick,
1946, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akademiens, Handlingar, ser. 3, Bd. 23, no. 5, p. 19, pi. 5, figs.
35-38

"Siphonaria Thersites, n.s. Rare, dead. Like tristensis and other Cape Horn and N. Zea-
land types. The genus was not known north of Margarita Bay." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627]

"Siphonaria Thersites, n.s. Like lateralis: with strong lung-rib and obsolete sculpture."
[Carpenter, 1864, p. 647]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's descripticjn (1864). To make tiiat cojjy complete
the following should be added :

"Hah. Neeah Bay {Szvan).

"This genus, which culminates in western tropical American and at Cape Horn, is not
known in California. The Vancouver species resembles 5". lateralis and its congeners, but
differs in having an enormous lung-rib and no colour-rays." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 426]

The holotype of this species has not been found. The statement of Oldroyd that the type
is in the U. S. National Museum is incorrect. Dall (1870) did not figure Carpenter's type,
but a specimen (U. S. National Museum, no. 60412) collected by him from Sitka, Alaska.
This specimen does not qualify as lectotype because the type locality is Neah Bay. The speci-
men figured by Dall (1925) from Alaska (U. S. National Museum no. 55802) does not
qualify for lectotype.

So far, as Hubendick points out, this species is the only northern cold-water species in
the Siphonariidae. It can be readily distinguished from other members of the family pro-
vided the general locality of the specimens are known. Hubendick (1946) described the
shell and anatomy.

Type. — Not found

Distribution. — Neah Bay, Washington (type) ; Aleutian Islands, to Strait of Juan de
Fuca, Washington (and British Columbia) (Dall)

Genus Williamia Monterosato, 1884

Williamia Monterosato, 1884, Nomen. Gen. e Spec, di Alcune Conch. Medit., p. 150

Type species by monotypy Ancylus ? gussonii O. G. Costa, 1829, Oss. Is. Pantelleria e

Catal., p. CXX, CXXV, p.. 10, n.21 ; 1829, Cat. test. Sicilie. Recent. Mediterranean.

Canary Islands ; Madeira ; Cape Verde Islands. Hubendick, 1946, Kungl. Sv. Vet.

Akademiens, Handlingar, ser. 3, Bd. 23, no. 5, pi. 6, figs. 34, 35, 37

i32Sykes (1907, p. 194) gave Dec. 31, 1823. Newton (1891, p. 322) gave 1825. Neave
(1940, Q-Z, p. 204) accepted 1823. Hubendick (1946) used January, 1824.

GASTROPODA 259

Williamia peltoides (Carpenter)
(PI. 25, fig. 15, 16)

Nacella peltoides Carpenter, 1864b, p. 545, 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 31, 104; Carpenter, 1864,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 474; Reprint, 1872, p. 213

Nacella subspiralis Carpenter, 1864. See synonymy and discussion following.

Siphonaria peltoides (Carpenter), Dall, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. Z7 not pi. 4,
11a, b = W. vernalis (Dall), 1870 p. 37 in part

Liriola peltoides (Carpenter), Dall, 1878, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XXVI, p. 70 in part

Sipho>varia (IVilliamia) peltoides (Carpenter), Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 15, no. 898, p. 196

Williamia peltoides (Carpenter), Dall, 1907, Nautilus, vol. 21, no. 8, p. 86; 1921, p. 67,
pi. 15, figs. 10, 12 not type as stated by Dall; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. II, p. 58, pi. 2,
fig. 17 copy of Dall, 1921. pi. 12; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 463; Baily, 1935, West
Coast Shells (Keep), p. 277; Keen, 1937, p. 50; Smith, Maxwell, 1944, Panama
Marine Shells, p. 44; Burch, 1945, no. 48, p. 16; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California
Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 182; Hubendick, 1946, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akade-
miens, Handlingar, ser. 3, Bd. 23, no. 5, p. 72

"262. [of Mazatlan Catalogue] = Nacella peltoides, n.s. (described from Capt St. Lucas
specimens)." [Carpenter. 1864b, p. 545] "15. 474. [A.N.H. vol. XIII, Sp. Page.] Nacella
peltoides = Nacella, sp. indet., Maz. Cat., no. 262." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 618]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's description (1864a). The following line should
be added to make that copy complete:

"= Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 262, p. 202."

Oldroyd, followed by Grant and Gale, stated that the type was in the Liverpool Aluseum
which would mean that the shell (no. 262) of the Mazatlan Catalogue was considered the
type.

Carpenter was explicit in his first notes (1864b, p. 545) that the species was "described
from Cape St. Lucas specimens."

The syntypes consist of two specimens in the U. S. National Museum, mounted on an
original Carpenter glass mount and labelled in Carpenter's handwriting, "Cape St. Lucas
Xantus M. Cat. 262," and two specimens in the Redpath Museum marked "type Cape San
Lucas."

The two specimens in the U. S. National Museum measure: length 4 mm.; 1.5 mm.;
greatest diameter 3 mm. ; 1 + mm., respectively. The Redpath Museum specimens measure :
4 mm. by 3.5 mm. by 2 mm. ; 3 + mm. by 2.5 mm. by ? respectively.

Regardless of a note with the Carpenter types, "fig'd by Dall." one cannot believe that
those were the shells which Dall illustrated. Certainly the shell that he figured (1921, pi. 15,
figs. 10, 12), which in the explanation of the plate (p. 216) is labelled as "type", cannot be
such a specimen. Dall's measurements of "long. 10 mm., alt. 6.5 mm." are nearly three
times the typical measurements. The illustration of Williamia labelled peltoides which Dall
included (1870, p. 1. 4, fig. 11a, b) could not be of the Carpenter type. Dall (1921) indicated
that the specimen was W. vernalis, which he regarded at the later date as distinct from W.
peltoides.

The syntypes were young individuals. The measurements which the writer made of the
larger of the two approximate those of Carpenter (.14 by 25.3 mm. = 3.54 mm. long.; .11
by 25.3 mm. = 2.78 mm. lat.). The writer, therefore, selects the larger of the two syntypes
as the lectotype of this species. The illustration is reserved for a later report. The Redpath
paratypes also approach the typical measurements. A figure of the larger of the two speci-
mens is included herein.

Dall stated (1870) "after a careful study of the types," that Nacella stibspiralis Car-
penter belonged to the same species as W. peltoides as well as Nacella ? vernalis. The name
of the latter was given in manuscript by Dall (1866), but he later (1878) classified it as a
variety of Liriola peltoides. He later separated the two as distinct species (1921).

The paratypes in the Redpath Museum are thin-shelled. They have a few faint widely
separated radiating ridges. The tip of the shell is white and the remainder brownish.

260 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Types. — Lectotypc and paratype, U. S. National Aluscuni, No. 4023 ; paratypc, Redpath
Museum, No. 1156

Distribution. — Recent. Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type), Monterey, California to
Gulf of California (Burch). Pleistocene. California (Grant and Gale; Woodring, Bramlette,
and Kew, 1946)

Williamia peltoides (Carpenter)
Nacelhi subspiralis Carpenter = Williamia peltoides (Carpenter)

? Nacella subspiralis Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 650; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 136; 1866, Califor-
nia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 213; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 23; PiLSBRV, 1891, Man. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 154 Siphonariidae.
p. 23; Pii.sRRY, 1891, Alan. Conch., vol. XIII, p. 154 Siphonariidae

Siphofuiria peltoides (Carpenter), Dall, 1870, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 37, 38, 39

Liriola subspiralis (Carpenter), Dall, 1878, Jour, de Conchyl., vol. XXVI, p. 70 under L.
peltoides

Not Nacella subspiralis Wimmer, 1879, Sitzb. K. Akad., Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, p. 41 fide
Maxwell Smith, 1944, Panamic Marine Shells, p. 44

"? Nacella subspiralis. Cat. Is. 10-20 fm. [May be the young of the long-lost Patella
calyptra, Mart. ; unless that be a broken Crepidula adunca]

"? Nacella subspiralis, n.s. shaped like limarqinula rosea, and may be a Scutellina. 10-20
fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 650]

". . . State collection, 416b.

"? N.t. parva, carnea, laevi, tenuissima ; vertice "Emarginulae" simulante, subspirali, sed
apice patelloideo, adunco ; t. adulta valde elevata ; margine laterali antico subrecto, apice
projiciente, valde renioto; postico maxima fornicato; aperturae margine antice et posticc
prolongate.

"Long. 0.26, lat. 0.19, alt. 0.20, div. 80°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 10-20, fm., 4 dead. Cooper.

"This may be the young of the long-lost Patella calyptra. Mart. It may be a Scutellina.
Even the genus cannot be predicted from the shell alone." [Carpenter, 1866a, b.]

Dall stated (1870, p. 38) that the type of this species was in the Smithsonian Institution,
No. 11847. He made a careful study of the type and decided that it was an "abnormally
elevated, dead and faded" shell of W. peltoides.

The type of this form was once in the U. S. National Museum and catalogued as "Cat.
Cp. 416a [b in description] Catalina Id. Cooper. Type 1 spec."

Harald Rehder (Personal communication) stated that the specimen has since been lost.

Family Ellobiidae
Genus Melampus Montfort, 1810

Melampus Montfort, 1810, Conchyl. Syst., vol. 2, p. 31&-320

Type species by original designation, Bulimus conijormis Bruguiere = Bulla coffea Lin-
naeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed. p. 729. Recent. Cedar Keys to West Indies. Perry and
Schwengel, 1955, Marine Shells of the Western Coast of Florida, pi. 39, fig. 286

Melampus olivaceus Carpenter

Melampus olivaceus Carpenter, 1857, Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 233, 251, 284, 315,
351; 1857, Cat. Reigen Coll. Mazatlan, p. 178 described; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2,
art. 6, p. 5; 1864b. p. 621, 647, 665, 673; Reprint, 1872, p. 107, 133, 151, 159; Binney, 1865,
Smith. Misc. Coll., no. 143, pt. II. p. 9; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 18; Dall, 1885, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 8, no. 18, p. 283, pi. 18, fig. 16;
Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 124; Cooper, 1888, 7th Rept. California State Min.
Bur., p. 250; Williamson, 1892, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 15, no. 898, p. 196; Arnold,
1903, p. 197; Dall, 1921, p. 66; Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II, pt. 1, p. 54, pi. 1, fig. 16 copy
Dall; Grant and Gale. 1931, p. 461, pi. 24, fig. 10; Raily, 1935, West Coast Shells
(Keep), p. 277, fig. 293; Keen, 1937, p. 40; Burch, 1945. no. 48, p. 11; Woodring,
Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, p. 78; Smith and Gor-
don, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 181

Carpenter described this species from Mazatlan, and therefore the figuring of the type
belongs with the illustration of the catalogue of the Mazatlan Mollusca (Carpenter, 1857).
The type should be in the British MuseuuL In papers by Carpenter in the same year as the

AMPiiiNEtJftA 261

description (1857) Carpenter reported the species from San Diego. Later he listed it from
the same area, Santa Barbara group of islands, and Lower California.

Distribution. — Recent. Mazatlan, Mexico (type) ; Monterey, California i^s to Mazatlan,
Mexico (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Arnold; Grant and Gale; Willett, 1937; Woodring,
Branilette, and Kew) Mexico (Jordan, 1926)

Class AMPHINEURA

Because Carpenter died before his large chiton monograph was completed, various manu-
script names of that group crept into literature. Many were first introduced by Dall without
proper diagnoses and in some cases with a manuscript name of the type species. Some of
those names are now credited to Carpenter and some to Dall. Technically Carpenter should
not receive credit, and there is grave doubt that Dall's introduction of the names was ade-
quate to establish him as author. See discussion under individual species.

Pilsbry carefully and explicitly explained in the "Preface" to the monograph of the Poly-
placophora (1892, p. iv) that the types were Carpenterian in cases where the new species
were credited to Carpenter, and tlie descriptions were quoted from his manuscript. Where
the original description was that of Pilsbry, the types would be those of Pilsbry and would
be in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. In the explanation of plates (1892,
p. 334), acknowledgment of the work of Foord, Smith, and Emerton, prepared under Car-
penter's supervision, is a clue to what figures were of specimens in the Carpenter Collection.
Specimens which were utilized by Pilsbry other than Carpenter individuals are indicated as
drawn by Pilsbry or Ross.

Following the above rule the writer tried to analyze accordingly the matter of author and
type credit of the Pilsbry-Carpenter chiton names. In some cases it is difficult to render a
strict ruling. But in most cases Dr. Pilsbry's distinction is apparent and defined. However,
in no case where Carpenter ms. names are described for the first time in Pilsbry can Car-
penter be the sole author as referred in Dall (1921, e.g. p. 190, "StenopJax fallax Carpenter,
1892"). His references are misleading to workers not familiar with the literature and can
cause unnecessary labor in hunting for such a reference. If Carpenter is to be credited, the
less confusing is "Carpenter in Pilsbry," or a similar modified form. The confusion of Car-
penter manuscript names has been continued in recent literature, e.g., "CalUstochiton Car-
penter, 1882" (LaRocque, 1953, p. 12), "Nnttalina Carpenter, 1873" (LaRocque, 1953, p. 11),
"Stenoradsia Carpenter, 1878," "Placiphorella Carpenter, 1878," and "Nnttalina Carpenter,
1879" (Abbott, 1954, p. 314). For the status of those manuscript names and others of Car-
penter, see the list of Carpenter's generic names in this monograph.

Many of the chiton types had been preserved for so long in a curved position
that the measurement of length implies the dimension of the line which subtends the curva-
ture of the specimen.

Family Lepidopleuridae
Genus Leptochiton Gray, 1847

I.eptocliiton Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 127

Type species by subsequent designation. Gray, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1847, p. 168, Chiton
cinereus = i^^ "Montagu = Ch. asellus, Lozve Zool. Jour. var. white. Chiton albus," [not

133 Smith and Gordon do not report it from Monterey.

134 This type designation, specific name without author, cannot be taken without reference
to the original description or mention of the generic name. A type species designation must be
one that was listed in the original description. Therefore, the authorship of C. cinereus rests
upon Gray's mention (p. 127) which is as follows: "Leptochiton cinereus. Chiton cinereus,
Montague [sic] = Ch. asellus, Lowe, Zool. Jour. var. white, Chiton albus." The difficulty
which has arisen in the pronouncement of the type species of this genus is in the interpreta-
tion of the above paragraph. If Gray regarded the first mention of L. cinereus as of Linnaeus
(1767, p. 1107) then Linnaeus would be assumed as author (p. 168), and C. cinereus L.
would be the type species of Lepidochiton. The genus would be different than that assumed
by present West Coast workers. The otlicr interpretation would be as Gray stated in the

262 MARINE MOLLlTSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

C. cinereus Linnaeus]. Recent. Circumboreal. Northern Europe; Greenland to Massachu-
setts Bay ; Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Cahfornia

For the differences between "Lepidopleitrns asellus (Spengler)" and "Trachydcrmon
cinereus (Linnaeus)," see Christiansen (1954).

"Leptochiton crassus Carpenter" nomcn nudum

There is a specimen in the Redpath Museum (no. 11) labelled by Carpenter "Leptochiton
crassus Cpr. 'unique type' S. Diego under rocks in sand extreme low tide Hemphill."

The writer has found no reference to such a species in literature. It apparently applied to
a species which Carpenter intended to describe.

Leptochiton internexus Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PL 28, figs. 3-6)

Lepidopleurus internexus Carpenter ms., in Pilsbry, 1892 Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 12;

Dall, 1921, p. 186 section Lcpidochiton; Oldroyo, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 247 section

Leptochiton
Leptochiton internexus (Carpenter), Dall, 1878, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. I, p. 316, 319;

Smith in Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 5 ; BuRcn, 1947, no. 66, p. 17
Lepidopleurus {Leptochiton) internexus ("Carpenter"), Baily, 1935, West Coast Shells

(Keep), p. 28

Pilsbry used Carpenter's ms. name for this species and quoted Carpenter's description.
Therefore, the holotype is that of Carpenter. It is in the U. S. National Aluseum and figured
herein for the first time. The type has the label, "Cp. 1080 P. P. Carpenter Type." The
species, however, should not be credited to Carpenter alone as it has been.^^^

Oldroyd (1927) republished the original description from Pilsbry.

Dimensions. — Length (tangent to arc) 4.5 mm.; width 3+ mm. (type)

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 30750

Distribution. — Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Belkoffski, Alaska, to San Diego,
California (Dall)

Leptochiton nexus Carpenter
(PI. 28, fig. 2)

Lcpidochiton nexus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 650; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 136; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 212; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 23; Dall, 1878, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 316, 319; Pilsbry, 1892,
Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 11; Smith in Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 6; Burch, 1947, no.
66, p. 17; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,
p. 205 Pacific Grove record needs confirmation

Chiton (Leptochiton) nexus Carpenter, Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. AIus., vol. 8,
P- 544

Lepidopleurus nexus (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 187 section Xiphwzona; Oldroyd, 1927.
vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 251 section Xiphiozona; Willett, 1935, Nautilus, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 42
includes L. heathi Berry, 1919, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. IX, no. 1, p. 6
and L. ambustus Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 55, p. 499 as synonymous

Lepidopleurus (Xiphozona) nexus Carpenter), Baily, 1935, West Coast Moll. (Keep), p. 28

"Like asellus: scarcely sculptured: mantel-margin with striated chaflfy scales, like
Magdalensis, interspersed with transparent needles. 20-80 fni. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 650]

first writing of the name. C. cinereus Montagu [not Linnaeus] = C. albus [Linnaeus, 1767].
This is the interpretation followed herein and by modern West Coast students (not Dall,
1921).

135 It is confusing to use the expressions as in Dall (1921, p. 186, 190, 191. 192, 194, 196)
"Carpenter, 1892" and "Carpenter, 1878" meaning "Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892" and Carpen-
ter in Dall, 1878." Since Carpenter died in 1877 there are no publications by him of those
dates. To persons not familiar with the history of tlie literature of West Coast chitons such
references may entail needless work.

AMPHINEURA 263

Pilsbry (reprinted by Oldroyd, 1927) published a translation of Carpenter's detailed
Latin description (1866). The lines not included by Pilsbry are:

"Long. 0.30, lat. 0.18; div. 90°.

"Hab. Catalina Island, 10-20 fm. Cooper.

"The appearance of this northern genus among the Alopaliae and Ischnochitons is very
remarkable; as is the character of the mantlemargin." [Carpenter, 1866, p. 213]

The holotype has a printed label, "Type Cataline Id. Cooper." The posterior and anterior
plates (one broken) are separate from the remainder of the specimen which is intact. The
surface has fine striae. The sides are mottled, but there is lack of color down the middle.
The beaks are slightly pointed.

Holotype. — U. S. National Aluscum, no. 16270

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type), Catalina Island, to Gulf of
California (Dall). See Table 2 for stratigraphic distribution

Leptochiton rugatus (Pilsbry)
(PL 28, fig. 7; PI. 35, fig. 3)

Lepidopleiinis rugatus "Carpenter," Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 11, pi. 3,
figs. 67-70 "Leptochiton (? internexus var.) rugatus Cpr. ms., p. 3"; Thiele, 1909,
Zoologica, Bd. 22, Heft S6, p. 12, pi. 1, figs. 41-50; Dall, 1921, p. 186 section Leptochiton;
Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 247 section Leptochiton

Leptochiton rugatus (Pilsbry), Smith in Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 6; Burch, 1947, no. 66,
p. 17; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 205

According to the indication of the original description this species should be credited to
Pilsbry, and the types are those (three) in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.

The label with the three syntypes reads, "near San Tomas River L. Cal. H. Hemphill"
(Pilsbry, May 15, 1951, personal communication). Material consisting of five specimens and
an extra plate in the U. S. National Museum is labelled "Type San Diego H. Hemphill
(Todos Santos)." The specimen is figured herein. However, the specimens defined as types
by Pilsbry in the Academy of Natural Sciences are the true types. The species was figured
by Pilsbry.

Syntypes. — Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 35586

Distribution. — Near San Tomas River, Lower California (type) ; Monterey, California,
to Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (Pilsbry)

Family Lepidochitonidae

Genus Lepidochitona Gray, 1821

{Craspedochilus Sars, 1878)

Lepidochitona Gray, 1821, London Medical Repository, vol. XV, p. 234. Typographical
error Leptochitona in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 150; Iredale, 1914,
Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 11, p. 127

Type species by monotypy. Chiton marginatus [Pennant], 1777, British Zool., vol. IV, p. 60,
pi. 36, fig. 2. Recent. Northern Europe

Pilsbry (1892, p. 69) referred C. marginatus Pennant (and of other British authors) to
Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) cinereus Linnaeus (Committee Conch. Soc, 1901, Jour.
Conch., vol. X, p. 10).

Genus Cyanoplax Pilsbry, 1892

Cyanoplax Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 40

Type species by original designation, Cyanoplax harfzcegii (Carpenter), 1855, Zool. Soc.

London, Proc, p. 231. Living. Forrester Island, Alaska, to Gulf of California, (pi. 27,

figs. 8-10; pi. 28, figs. 8-15)

See discussion of Trachydermon Carpenter, 1864, under Basiliochiton Berry.

264 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY I'. P. CARPENTER

Cyanoplax hartwegii (Carpenter)
(PL 27, figs. 8-10; PI. 28, figs. 8-15)

Chiton liartzi'cgii Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 231 ; 1857, Kept. British

Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 287, 318, 349 genus iiidet. ; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2,

art. 6, p. 3
Trachydcrmon Harturgii Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649; Rc])rint, 1872, p. 135; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22; 1871, Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 59;

PiLSBUV, 1894, Nautilus, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 45 subgenus Cxanoplax ; Thiele, 1909,

Zoologica, Bd. 22, Heft 56, p. 16, pi. II, figs. 26, 27; 1910, Zoologica, Bd. 22, Heft 56,

p. 107
Chaetoplcura Harln'cgii (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 329 copy

Cpr. ms.
Chiton {Chaetoplcura) hartzvcqii Carpenter, Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,

vol. 8, p. 544
ToniccUa (Cxanoplax) hnrtiirqii (Carpenter), Pilshrv, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV,

p. 45, pi. 14, figs. 81-85; Railv, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep), p. 29
Lcpidochitona hartzirt/ii (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 189 section Cyanoplax; Oldruvd, 1924,

Pub. Puget Sound Riol. Station, vol. 4, p. 187; 1927, vol. II, pt! Ill, p. 260
Cyanoplax hartzi'cgii (Carpenter), Thiele, 1909, Zoologica, Bd. 22, Heft 56, p. 4, 7, 16;

Bi-:rry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 435, pi. II, figs. 6-8 see for

additional synonymy; Smith and Gordon, 1848, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,

vol. XXVI, p. 205 _

Lepidochiton (Cyanoplax) harfzvegii (Carpenter), Thiele, 1929, Handbuch, Teil I, p. 8

Oldroyd (1927) furnished a copy of the original description as well as the supplementary
notes by Pilsbry. The following lines should be added to the copy of Oldroyd to make that
copy complete:

"Long. 1.26, lat. .76, alt. .18 poll.

"Hab. Monterey, cum praecedente: legit idem diligentissimus. AIus. Cuming.

"A much smaller shell than the last, almost destitute of sculpture ; with a blackish spot
on each side of the jugum, but no radiating lines." [Carpenter, 1855, p. 231]

There are three units (1 small complete specimen; 1 of 8 separate plates; 1 of 3 plates
ofif + 5 intact) of specimens in the Redpath Museum labelled in Carpenter's handwriting
on his glass mount. The label is as follows : " ? C. Hartwegii Cpr. type Monterey H. Cuming."

The black or brownish patches on each side of the jugum mentioned by Carpenter are
conspicuous on the syntypes. In the small young specimen the blackish patches meet irregu-
larly in the center.

Syntypes. — Redpath Museum, no. 68

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to the
Gulf of California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry; Chace and Chace)

Cyanoplax hartwegii nuttalli (Carpenter)

.Sec C". hartzvcgii (Carpenter)

(PI. 27, fig. 11)

Chiton nuttalli Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 231 ; 1856, Zool. Soc. I^ondon,

Proc, p. 221 ; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2. art. 6, p. 3
Trachydermon Nuttallii Carpenter, 1864b, p. 627, 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 113, 135 Cooper,

1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 23; 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI,

p. 59; Pilsbry, 1894, Nautilus, vol. VIII, no. 4, p. 46 subgenus Cxanoplax
Chactopleura Nuttallii (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 330
ToniccUa {Cyanoplax) hartzvegii nuttallii (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol.

XIV, p. 46
Lcpidochitona hartzvegii nuttalli (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 189; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 188; 1927, vol. II, pt. III. p. 261
Cyanoplax hartzvegii nuttalli (Carpenter), Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci..

Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 205 young of C. hartzvegii

Part of the original description was republished by Oldroyd (1927). The following lines
should be added to make that copy complete :

"Hab. Monterey, cum praecedentibus ; legit idem diligentissimus et olim, primus in eas
oras perscrutator, clarissimus T. Nuttall. Mus. Cuming ct Nuttali.

AMPHINEURA 265

"A small specimen in Mr. Cuming's collection was passed over as the yoiuig of C.
Hartwegii; but a fine one in Mr. Nuttall's collection distinctly displays the points of dif-
ference above indicated, which at present appear of specific value. This specimen has much
the appearance of a young Ch. articulatns, but differs essentially in the character of the
ligament." [Carpenter, 1855, p. 232]

G. L. Wilkins (personal communication, October 17, 1950) obligingly furnished the fol-
lowing information in regard to possible type specimens in the British Museimi :

"We have a specimen of Chiton nuttalli Carpenter. Were it not for the fact that it is
marked 'Mus. Cuming' it might well have been the small si>ecimen as 'passed over' on p. 232
P.Z.S. 1855. It is too small for the type. The locality is given as 'Santa Barbara' — perhaps
a paratype?"

Since the small specimen "passed over" should be from "Mus. Cuming," the specimen
referred to by Wilkins could possibly be the one mentioned by Carpenter. The locality does
not correspond to what might be intimated by Carpenter in the description. The only refer-
ence to "Santa Barbara" by Carpenter is to the "Santa Barbara group of islands (1864b,
p. 649; 1872, p. 135)

Smith and Gordon (1948, p. 205) expressed the opinion that this form is the young of
C. hartzvegii.

The included photograph of the holotype has been co-operatively furnished by the officials
of the British Museum (Natural History), G. L. Wilkins of the Mollusca Section, ferreted
out the specimen and described its status and measurements (Personal communication,
March 2, 1951 and July 10, 1951).

Holotype.— Bv'ithh. Museum (Natural History), 61.5.20.102

Distribution.— ^iontfivty, California (type)

Cyanoplax dentiens (Gould)

Chiton dentiens Gould, 1846, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. 2, p. 145

Chiton (Onithochiton) dentiens Gould, 1852, U. S. Expl. Exped., Moll., p. 321, pi. 28,

figs. 433-433b
Isclmochiton pscudodentiens Carpenter, 1864b, p. 530, 606 = C. dentiens Gould type;

Reprint, 1872, p. 16, 92
Ischnochiton (Tracliydcrmon) psendodenticns Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612; Reprint, 1872,

p. 98; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 60
Trachydermon pseudodentiens (Carpenter), 1864b, p. 649 = type of C. dentiens; Reprint,

1872, p. 135 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22
Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) dentiens (Gould), Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV,

p. 73, pi. 8, figs. 61-65
Lepidochitona dentiens (Gould), Dall, 1921, p. 188; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18
Cyanopla.v dentiens (Gould), Berry, 1948, Leaflets in Malacology, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 13, 14

Carpenter was explicit in explaining that his name /. pseudodentiens was created for the
type of Gould's Chiton dentiens. Therefore, there is no question as to the synonymy of
Carpenter's name with the earlier of Gould. As Pilsbry (1892) explained Gould had mis-
taken spots for denticles. Carpenter noted the fact and supposed a new name was required.

The type of "Chiton dentiens" Gould is in the U. S. National Museum, no. 5824. Two
other suites of supplementary material of the species, which were labelled by Carpenter in
connection with his name pseudodentiens, are labelled types in the U. S. National Museum.

A complete synonymy or discussion of C. dentiens (Gould) is not intended in this report.

Genus Nuttallina Dall, 1871

Nuttal!i)ia Dall, 1871, Amer. Jour. Concii., vol. VII, p. 134

Type species by monotypy, N. scabra (Reeve) Carpenter — Chiton Californicus [Nuttall,
ms.] Reeve, 1847, Conch. Icon., vol. 4, Chiton, pi. XVI, fig. 89. Living. Strait of Juan
de Fuca to San Diego, California. Pilsry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 54, figs. 23,
25, pi. 56, figs. 12-18

Nuttallina fluxa (Carpenter)
(PI. 28, figs. 16-19)

Chiton scaber Ree\'e, 1847, Conch. Icon., vol. IV, Chiton, pi. XVII, fig. 106. Not Chiton
scaber Blainville, 1825

266 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Acanthopleura fluxa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 135; 1866, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci.. Proc, vol. Ill, p. 211 ; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geo!. Sur.
California, p. 22 "Catalina I or Santa Barbara I, Cal."

NuttaUna scabra (Reeve), Pilsbry, 1892. Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 281 in part, pi. 54,
figs. 21, 22, pi. 56, figs. 19, 20

Nuttalina fluxa (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 190; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 264;
Smith in BuRcn, 1947, no. 66, p. 16; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18

"Green, mottled with orange-red ; not beaked ; with only marginal and diagonal ribs."
[Carpenter, 1864, p. 649]

"A.t. "A scabrae" simili, scd latiore, pallidiore; viridi, rubroaurantio conspersa ; valvis
rectangulatis ; suturis marginalibus baud conspicuis ; areis diagonalibus satis distinctis; radiis
obtusis fluxis ii., altera diagonali. altera suturali ; tota supcrficie conspicue granulosa; granulis
acutioribus praesertim albidus; jugo obtuso, vix vallato : laminis insertionis ut in A. scabra
instructis.

"Long. 0.60, lat. 0.40, div. 110°.

"Hab. Santa Barbara Island, Cooper

"Foot, in the only dried specimen seen, extremely thin, flat, and narrow." [Car])enter,
1866a, p. 211]

The holotype in the U. S. National Museum consists of one specimen with three plates
removed. It is labelled "Nuttalina fluxa Cpr. = N. scabra Rve (Type) Sta. Barbara Cooper."
Another label which is crossed off reads, "Acanthopleura fluxa Cpr. Type Sta. Barbara
Cooper."

Oldroyd republished the parts of the notes by Pilsl)ry in regard to A'', califoniica [Nuttall]
(Reeve) and A^. scabra Reeve and this species.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15690b

Distribution. — Santa Barbara Islands, California (type) ; Point Conception, California,

to Gulf of California (Dall)

Family Chaetopleiiridae
Genus Chaetopleura Shuttlcworth, 185.3

Chaefopleura Shuttlewortii, 1853, Mitt, naturf. Ges. Bern, p. 190

Type species by subsequent designation, Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 296.

329 Chiton peruvianus Lamarck, 1819. An. s. Vert., vol. VI, p. 321. Living. Peru to Cape

Horn. Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 12, figs. 42-46

Chaetopleura beanii (Carpenter)

? Lcpidoplcurus Beanii Carpenter, 1857, Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 252, 317;

1857, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 197; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, check list 2,

p. 5
Chaetopleura beanii (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892. Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 32; Dall, 1921.

p. 193; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 286; Burcii, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; 1947, no. 68,

p. 4

This species was described by Carpenter from Mazatlan. The types (1 specimen and 2
valves) should be in the British Museum (Natural History). The figuring of the species
belongs with the illustration of the types of the Mazatlan Catalogue and is not included
herein. The brief discussion is inserted because the range of the species has been extended
to Unalaska, Alaska (Dall).

Chaetopleura gemma "Dall". Pilsbry
(PI. 29, figs. 1-4; PI. 30, fig. 6)

Chaetopleura gemma "Cpr.", Dall, 1879. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 1. p. 296, pi. 1, fig. 9;
Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892. TiLin. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 31, pi. 13. figs. 69-74 C.
(lemmea; Dall, 1921, p. 193 C. aenimea; Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc.,
Ser. 4, vol. XI, no. 18. p. 460. pi. VIII. figs. 10-12; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 286
C. gemmea; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; 1947. no. 68, p. 4; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, scr. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 207

This species is another of which the radula only was described first by Dall. He used
the manuscript name of Cari>enter as did Tilshry later (1892). Pilsbry, however, gave a

AMPniNF.URA 267

complete description and drawing of his own using one of Enierton's illustrations which
had been supervised by Carpenter.

Whether the specific name dates from Dall (C. gemma) or Pilsbry (C. gemmea), the
original Carpenter types can be used as syntypcs. Tlie Emerton drawing was probably of
the type. Five specimens in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum are on the
original glass mounts with a Carpenter label, "type Monterey Canfield."

There are also in the Redpath Aluseum (no. 71) two specimens labelled "Chaetopleura
gemma van limata type Monterey Canfield (comp. lanuginosus)." There is no record of
publication of this varietal name.

Syn types. — Redpath Museum, no. 49

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) ; Monterey, to Magdalena Bay,
Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry)

Chaetopleura parallela (Carpenter)

Ischnochiton parallelus Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 314;

Reprint, 1872, p. 212; 1864b, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104
Chaetopleura lurida parallela (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 34,

pi. 12, fig. 50
Chaetopleura parallela (Carpenter), Daix, 1921, p. 193; Oldrovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill,

p. 287 ; BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; no. 68, p. 4 cf.

The original description of this species w'as republished by Oldroyd (1927).

Corrections to be made in her copy are: last line: read "disjunctis" for "disjectus"; read
.7 for 7; .48 for 48; .16 for 16. Add: "Belongs to the group with minute setose scales."

This species was described from Cape San Lucas, Lower California. A specimen (one
complete and separate plates) in the U. S. National Museum is labelled "cotype." There is
also a specimen in the Carpenter Collection, Redpath Alusuem, on an original glass mount
with a Carpenter label, "tyi>e C. S. Lucas Xantus ? = Columbiensis."

Since the types belong to the Lower California fauna the illustrations will be included
in the report of these types.

Syntypes. — U. S. N'ational INIuseum, no. 4017; Redpath Museum, no. 46

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Diego, California, to
Cape San Lucas, Lower California (Dall) ; West Colombia (Burch)

Chaetopleura prasinata (Carpenter)

Ischnochiton (? var.) prasinatus Carpenter, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII,

p. 315; Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104
Chaetopleura lurida Sowerby var. prasinata (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, Alan. Conch.,

vol. XIV, p. 34
Chaetopleura prasinata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 193; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill,

p. 287; Burch, 1947, no. 68, p. 4 cf.

Oldroyd (1927) furnished a copy of the original. Corrections to be made in her copy
are: read .8 for 8; read .4 for 4; add "div. 125°."

The holotype has a label "Cape San Lucas type (= lurida Shy var)." It is composed of
separate plates.

The illustration of the holotype will be included in the report on the types of Carpenter
species which occur below San Diego, California.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 15892

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Diego, California, to
Cape San Lucas (Dall)

Subgenus Pallochiton Dall, 1879
(Hcmphillia Carpenter, ms.)

Pallochiton Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. vol. 1, p. 297; 1882, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.,

vol. 4, p. 287
Type species by monotypy, P. lanuginosus [Carpenter, ms.] Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

268 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Proc, vol. I, p. , 297. Recent. San Diego, California, to San Ignacio Lagoon, Lxjwer

California, (pi. 27, fig. 7)

The authorship and date of the establishment of the above generic name is involved in
the same technicality as that of the type species. In the first reference cited Dall used
several of Carpenter's manuscript names, both generic and specific. In the case of the
specific names he described only the dentition of the radula. If this case can be construed
as belonging under Article 27, Int. Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, the names so intro-
duced by Dall (1879) are available. Pallochiton would date from Dall, 1879, because the
name of its monotype is validated at the same time. Dall, 1882, is usually given for Pal-
lochiton. If the validity of Pallochiton and P. lanuginosus is not accepted as of Dall, 1879,
then the same names would date from Dall, 1882, the generic and specific description being
synonymous.

Pallochiton lanuginosus "Dall"

Pallochiton lanuginosus Pilsbry

(PI. 27, fig. 7)

Hemphillia lanuginosa Carpenter, ms.

Pallochiton lanuginosus Carpenter, ms., Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 297,

pi. Ill, fig. 21, dentition; 1882, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 4, p. 287
Chiton {Pallochiton) lanuginosa Carpenter, ms., Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 8, p. 544; Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 257, pi. 56,

figs. 1-11; Dall, 1921, p. 193; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 291
Chaetopleura {Pallochiton) languinostis [sic] Pilsbry, BuRcn, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; 1947, no.

68, p. 5

If the description and figure of the radula by Dall in 1879 validate the specific name in
the case of Ischnochiton cooperi, Chaetopleura gemma, and /. rcgularis, as intimated by
authors (Burch, 1947; Smith and Gordon, 1948) then the specific name of this species
should date from Dall, 1879, also. In this case Dall used Carpenter's manuscript name and
probably studied Carpenter's notes. Dall did not specify a type. Dall (1882), in an indirect
description of Pallochiton, presented details of the species, P. lanuginosus.

There are in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum five specimens on original
glass mounts with a Carpenter label "Hemphillia lanuginosus Cpr. type Todos Santos Bay
Lower California H. Hemphill." An illustration of one of those complete types which re-
veals the beautiful sculpture is included herein.

The note in Oldroyd that the type is in the U. S. National Museum is incorrect.

Pilsbry (1892) presented a complete description of the species and used drawings made
by himself as well as drawings which had been supervised by Carpenter. Pilsbry (Personal
communication. May 15, 1951) considered that his description was the first and selected
the specimen of Figure 4 of Plate 56 of his original illustrations as the lectotype. His types
are from Pt. Abreojos, Lower California, and are in the Academy of Natural Sciences.

The several species, the names of which were published by Dall (1879) in connection
with the dentition only, cannot be identified by Dall's remarks. For value to workers the
authority should date with Pilsbry, 1892.

7v/'<'.f.— Syntypes : Redpath Museum, no. 66 (of Dall); lectotypcs and paratypes :
Acaemy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 35684 (of Pilsbry).

Distribution.— Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (type, Dall) : Pt. Abreojos, Lower
California (type, Pilsbry) ; San Diego, California, to San Ignacio Lagoon, Lower Cali-
fornia (Dall)

It is not correct, as in A. Smith (1955, p. 12) to use the species as of Pilsbry with the
type locality of Dall. If the authorship is of Pilsbry the type locality is Pt. Abreojos, Lower
California. The type locality of Todos Santos Bay applies only if Dall is used as the author.

Family Ischnochitonidae
Genus Ischnochiton (iray, 1847

Ischnochiton Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 126

Type species by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 168,

AMPHINEURA

269

Chiton tc.rtilis Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 5, pi. 6, fig. 20. Living.
Cape of Good Hope. Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 98, 99

Ischnochiton newcombi Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PI. 30, figs. 1-5)

Ischnochiton nezvcovtbi Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 120; Dall,
1921, p. 191; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 278; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18

Carpenter's manuscript name and description were pubh'shed by Pilsbry. The holotype is
figured herein for the first time. The type material consists of two specimens in the Car-
penter Collection in the Redpath Museum. They are on an original Carpenter glass mount
with his label, "type Catalina Is. Newcomb." There is, however, a mixture of specimens,
and the two individuals do not represent the same species. Both have different sculpture.
Figures 1-5 represent /. newcombi. There are microscopic granulations present on the
central area of the valves which do not appear in the figures. The second specimen (pi. 30,
fig. 6) is a worn Chaetoplcura gemma Carpenter in Pilsbry.

//o/oh'/'c— Redpath Museum, no. 19

Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type)

Ischnochiton scabricostatus (Carpenter)
(PI. 30, figs. 10-12)

Ischnochiton (Lepidopleunis) scabricostatus Carpenter, 1864b. p. 612, 649; Reprint, 1872,

p. 98, 135; 1866. California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 212; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat.

Moll., Geo!. Sur. California, p. 22
Ischnochiton scabricostatus Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XI\', p. 121; 1893,

Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 76, pi. 16, figs. 55, 56; 1896. Nautilus, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 49;

Dall, 1921, p. 191 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 276; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18

The holotype (1 specimen, posterior and anterior plates, free) in the U. S. National
Museum is figured herein. Since up to Pilsbry's time only one specimen had been found, his
drawings (1893) are presumably of the type plates. Pilsbry published (1892) a translation
of Carpenter's (1866) Latin description and presented further details of description and
corrections (1893). Oldroyd republished a copy of Carpenter's original description and a
copy of Pilsbry's translation.

The following should be added to the copies of the description of 1866 to make those
notes complete :

"Hah. Catalina Island; 10-20 fm.. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866, p. 212]
The specimen (U. S. Nat. Mus.) is labelled "Type Catalina Id. Cooper."

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16268

Distribtiiion.— Catalina. Island. California (type) ; San Pedro and Catalina Island. Cali-
fornia, to Cerros Island, Lower California (Dall)

Ischnochiton veredentiens Carpenter
(PI. 29, figs. 9-14)

I.sThnochiton veredentiens Carpenter. 1864b. p. 612, 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 135; 1866,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. III. p. 211; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

California, p. 22; Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 122; Dall, 1921, p. 191;

Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 277: Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18
Ischnochiton {Lepidozona') veredentiens (Carpenter), Smith and Gordon, 1948, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, ser 4, vol. XXVI, p. 208 records of Point Ano Nuevo need confirming.

The original description of this species and the Latin description (1866) as well as
Pilsbry's translation of Carpenter's description were republished by Oldroyd. The holotype
is figured for the first time herein. It was no. 518a (bis) of the old California State Col-
lection. This number was a duplicate number, as Carpenter discovered. Carpenter's label of
"Ischnochiton subexpresstis Cpr. type = scabricostatus Cooper no. 518a" was apparently the
original 518a of Cooper's numbering.

270 MARINE MOLr.USCA DESCRIBED BY V. V. CARPENTER

The following line sliould be added to Oldroyd's copy of Carpenter to make the copy
complete :

"Hab. Catalina Island, 20-30 fm., Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 211]

The holotype consists of separate plates. They are labelled "Catalina Id. type Cooper."

Ilolotypc. — U. S. National ATuseum, no. 16259
Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type)

Subgenus Stenoplax Dall, 1879

Stcnoplax Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.. vol. I, p. 296, 330

Type species by original designation, 5". liiiiaciforiiiis (Sowerby), 1832, Zool. Soc. Lx)ndon,

Proc, p. 26. Recent. Mazatlan to Lobos Islands, Peru. Florida Keys and West Indies.

PiLSBRY, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 16, f^gs. 9-16

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) acrior Pilsbry

Ischnochitnn (Stcnoplax) acrior Pilsrry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 61, pi. 14, figs.
86-89 section Stcnoradsia: D.w.h, 1921, p. 190 credited to Carpenter; Oldroyd, 1927, vol.
II, pt. Ill, p. 268 credited to Carpenter and Pilsbry

The specific name in this case was a manuscript name of Carpenter used by Pilsbry, but

the description and holotype were of Pilsbry. Credit should be to Pilsbry. It is included

herein only for completeness in references to Carpenter ms. names.
Holotype. — Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 35702
Distribution. — Recent. Point Abreojos, Lower California (type, from label with type.

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia) ; San Miguel Island, California, to Gulf of

California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry, 1922)

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) conspicuus "(Dall)" Pilsbry
(PI. 35, figs. 1, 2)

Mauqcrclla conspicua "Cpr," Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 296, pi. II,
fig. 11

Chiton (Maugerella) conspicua "Cpr.," Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. 8, p. 544 name only

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) conspicuus Pilsbry, 1892, Alan. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 63, section
Stcnoradsia, pi. 15, figs. 91-96, Carpenter ms. name and var. solidus, p. 64, pi. 15, fig. 97;
Dall, 1921, p. 190 credit to Carpenter (conspicuus) ; Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 465, pi. VIII, figs. 1-9 see for additional references; Dall, 1925,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 66, no. 2554, p. 18, pi. 18. fig. 7 conspicuus; Oldroyd, 1927,
vol. IT, pt. Ill, p. 270; BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; 1947, no. 68, p. 6; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 207 Dall as author, doubtful
record for Monterey

Ischnocliiton (Maugerella) conspicuus (Carpenter), Stearns, 1901, Nautilus, vol. 15, no. 5,
p. 53

Ischnochiton conspicjius (Carpenter) Chace, 1917, Nautilus, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 37 and forma
solidus Cpr.

Ischnochiton (Stcnoradsia) conspicuus Carpenter, Batly, 1935, West Coast Shells (Keep),
p. 29

"Minor lateral bi-alate. top of inner wing and shaft bent into a twisted cusp with a .small
process extending outward from the apex of the shaft ; major lateral tridentate, shaft with a
keel and cuspidate process." [Dall, 1879, p. 296 dentition]

Whether this species must be credited to Dall or to Pilsbry is a technical question. Cer-
tainly Carpenter is not the author, for both Dall and Pilsbry used Carpenter's ms. name.
Dall (1879) first used the name as that of the type species of Maugerella, also a ms. name of
Carpenter's. Dall described and figured only the dentition of the radula of the species. Pilsbry
gave a detailed description of the shell and illustrated the same with several drawings, two
of W'hich were made for Carpenter.

If Pilsbry is regarded as the author the holotype of the species is no. 35709,^^^ Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, collected by Henry Hemphill from San Diego. It is prob-
ably the specimen figured by Pilsbry (pi, 15, figs. 91-93, 96).

136 Not 35704 as in Oldroyd (1927, p. 270).

AMPTIINEURA 271

However, if Ball's prior remarks have precedent, a lectotype should be selected. Though
Ball used Carpenter's manuscript notes for the major details of his paper (1879), he probably
did not have Carpenter's type of the species in his study of the dentition. Carpenter's type
remained at the Redpath Museum where it is novi^. There is one specimen of eight separate
plates labelled by Carpenter, "original type" of Maugerella conspiciia from La Paz collected
by Pease. There are also 11 fine complete specimens labelled "type normal San Biego Hemp-
hill Sta. Barbara Cooper (= magdalensis, var. stibobsolefa B.A. Rep.)." Unfortunately the
last label is of little value in determining a specific locality. There apparently is no type desig-
nated by Ball in existence, so that the Carpenter specimen is the logical shell to become the
lectotype for the species of Ball's authorship. This selection would automatically change the
type locality from San Biego to La Paz.

Illustration of a Carpenter specimen is included herein for completeness. The plates of
the specimen are pinkish and purplish beneath the jugum.

Pilsbry included the Carpenter ms. description and drawing of a "variety solidus" (1892,
p. 64, pi. 15, fig. 97) of a worn specimen which he regarded only as an individual variation.

Types. — Redpath Museum, no. 65 (Ball) ; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
no. 35709 (Pilsbry)

Distribution.— Recent. La Paz, Lower California, or Upper California (type. Ball) ; San
Biego, California (type, Pilsbry). Monterey, California, to Gulf of California (Ball).
Pleistocene. California (Berry; Chace and Chace ; Chace)

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) corrugatus Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PL 29, figs. 5-8)

Ischnochiton corrugatus Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 123
subgenus Stenoplax; Ball, 1921, p. 192; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 279; Burch,
1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith in Burch, 1947, no. 68, p. 7 s.g. Stenoplax

Carpenter's manuscript name and description were utilized by Pilsbry (1892), who had
not at that time seen a specimen of the species. The holotype is figured herein for the first
time. It is in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum and has the following original
Carpenter label, "type Catalina Is. 40 fms. 1070 Cooper no. 1068."

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 37''-^''

Distribution.— CataVma Island, California (type) ; Catalina Island, to Todos Santos Bay,
Lower California (Ball)

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PI. 29, fig. 15)

Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) fallax Carpenter ms. Pilsbry, 1892, Man Conch., vol. XIV, p. 59,
pl. 16, figs. 17, 18; Ball, 1921, p. 190; Berry, 1922, California Acad. Nat. Sci., ser. 4.
vol. XI, no. 18, p. 461, pl. VII, figs. 1-3; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station,
vol. 4, p. 190; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 267; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith in Burch,
1947, no. 68, p. 8; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XXVI,
no. 8, 207
Pilsbry, as he stated, used Carpenter's manuscript description and the drawing of the

holotype (1892). The holotype is in the Carpenter Collection, Redpath Museum. It bears

the label, "Stenoplax fallax type Bodegas i^s Newcomb." The type material consists of one

specimen.

Stearns (1868, p. 382) described the area of Bodega Bay wliere he and Newcomb made a

collecting trip in 1867. No. 34 of the list of species is "Trachydermon fallax, Cpr. (mss.)."
Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 64
Distribution. — Recent. Bodega [Bay], California (type) ; Vancouver Island, British.

Columbia to Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (Ball). Pleistocene. California (Berry)

137 The statement concerning the location of the holotype in Oldroyd (p. 279) is incorrect.

138 Spelling should be corrected in Palmer (1945, p. 101) to read "Bodegas" instead of
"Brodegas."

272 AfARIXE ArOLLUSCA DESCRIBRD BY P. P. CARPKNTKR

Subgenus Lepidozona Pilsbry, 1892

Lepidocona Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 55, 125

Type species by original designation, Ischnochiton mcrtcnsii Middendorff, 1847 (1846),
Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, Bull., vol. VI, p. 118. Recent. Sitka, Alaska, to San Martin
Island, Lower California. Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 26, figs. 20-26

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) aureotinctus Carpenter /;; Pilsbry
(PI. 31, figs. 1-4)

Ischnochiton aureotinctus Carpenter m Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 123 ; Dall,
1921, p. 191 ; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 276; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18 subgenus
Lepidozona

Carpenter's manuscript name and description were used by Pilsbry (1892). The holotype
is in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Aluseum. It is on the original Carpenter glass
mount and bears the label "type Catalina Is. 80 fms. Cooper 1071a." The 1071a refers to the
catalogue number of the old California State Collection. There is a discrepancy in Carpenter's
laliel and writings. In the description of " Lcptochiton nexus" Carpenter (1866, p. 212) wrote
"State Collection, 1071a," which is the same number he copied on the label of the holotyi)e
of Ischnochiton aureotinctus. Tiie holotypes of both species, respectively, are figured herein
for the first time.

The holotype is a poor specimen and inadequate for identification. It consists of four plates
and a bit of the girdle. They are light orange with no sculpture except possibly microscopic
pustules. It does not have the coarser striations of /. ne.vits.

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 26

Distribution. — Catalina Island, California (type) ; Catalina Island, 80 fathoms, to Cerros
Island, Lower California (Dall)

Cf. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) californiensis Berry

I. pectinatus Carpenter

(PI. 31, figs. 5, 6)

? Ischnochiton (Lcpidopleurus) pectinatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612; Reprint, 1872, p. 98.

"Cat. Is., beach."
Not Chiton pectinatus Sowerby, 1840 = Ischjwchiton
? Lcpidopleurus pectinatus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 135; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22; 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 59
Ischnochiton (Lcpidopleurus) pectinatus Carpenter, 1866, California Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc.,

ser. 1, vol. Ill, p. 211
"Chiton ( Lcpidopleurus ?) pectinulatus Cpr.," Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 8, p. 544 nomen nudum
Ischnochiton clathratus (Reeve), Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 129 in part,

section Lepidozona
Lcpidopleurus pectinulatus Carpenter, ms. /;( Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 129
Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) pectinulatus "Carpenter," Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci.,

Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, no. 18, p. 471, pi. X, figs. 4-6
Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) californiensis Berry, 1931, Malacol. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 19,

pt. V, pi. 29, figs. 1, 2

"Olive: strong sculpture over shagreened surface: side areas ribbed: outer margin and
inner sutures pectinated, Bch. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649]
". . . State Collection, no. 1073.

"Lt. 'L. Mertensii' simili, sed omino olivaceo; areis diagonalibus radiis plerumque IV.
dense tuberculiferis, radioque altero suturali tuberculis iiifle.xis, margines valvarum pecti-
nantibus ; costis transversis crebris validis; costulis longitudinalis acutis distantibus super-
antibus, quarum margines suturas anticas pectinant ; valv. term, ut in areis diag. sculptis,
seriebus tuberculorum creberrimis ; tota superficie minutissime tuberculata : intus, valvis
centralibus unifissatis, terminalibus XI-XV — fissatis : scabs jjallii irregularibus, confertis,
minutissime longitudinaliter striatis.

"Long. 0.85, lat. 0.50, div. 110°.

"Variat : interdum aurantio nebulosa.

"Ilah. Catalina Island, Santa Barbara Island, beach, Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 212]

AMPHINEURA

273

There are in the Redpath Museum two complete specimens and three separate plates
which were labelled by Carpenter, "Type La Paz Pease." One of those specimens is figured
herein.

In the first mention of /. pectinatus Carpenter (1864b, p. 612) the specimen was reported
from Catalina Island. The name in this reference is a nomen nudum. The second brief refer-
ence (1864b, p. 649), quoted above, listed specimens only from Santa Barbara Islands. The
1866 description cited Catalina and Santa Barbara Island. Lower California is not included
in any of Carpenter's remarks. Therefore, the locality with the type specimens must be in
error or a misplacement of labels.

As Pilsbry and Berry have pointed out the name /. pectinatus Carpenter is preoccupied.
A possible substitute name was /. pcctimdatiis Carpenter ms. However, its introduction by
Pilsbry must date the name from 1892 by Pilsbry, and it cannot be credited to Carpenter.
The introduction by Pilsbry is somewhat ambiguous in its manner of connection with /.
clathratns Reeve, and the writer agrees with Berry that it is not a strict substitute for /.
pectinatus Carpenter.

Berry (1931) proposed the name /. calijorniensis to cover the "commonest southern
Californian Lepidocona," but he doubted that it was a substitute for /. pectinatus Carpenter
(1864; 1866).

Even though Carpenter's remarks (1864) are brief, his later description (1866) qualifies
to validate a specific name. Berry selected a type locality when presenting a new name which
is not the same as that of /. pectinatus Carpenter.

Unfortunately there is the nonconformity in type locality between the description and the
label of the type. Hence there is uncertainty that the specimen labelled tyi^e is an authentic
type. It could be compared with specimens from the northern and southern range of species
and determined to what it bears the closer resemblance.

The problem of whether /. calijorniensis is a substitute name and whether it is equivalent
to /. pectinatus Carpenter is still unsettled. Berry (1931) did not give the range of /. cali-
forniensis. He (1922) specified Monterey to Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, and stated
that it was found in the Pleistocene of California.

Types. — Syntypes : /. pectinatus Carpenter, Redpath Museum, no. 70; holotype : /. cali-
forniensis Berry, S. S. Berry Collection, no. 1699; paratypes : see Berry (1931, p. 256).

Distribution. — Catalina Island or Santa Barbara Island, California (type) /. pectinatus
Carpenter; La Jolla, California (type), /. calijorniensis Berry.

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) cooperi "Dall" Pilsbry

Ischnochiton cooperi "Cpr.," Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 296, fig. 15
radula; Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 127, pi. 26, figs. 27-30 types, section
Lepidoaona; Dall, 1921, p. 192 section Lepidocona; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 281

Ischnochiton {Lepidozona) cooperi "Carpenter," Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci.. Proc,
.ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 473, pi. XI, figs. 1-12; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith and Gordon,
1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 207 author "Dall"

The autliority for this species is in the same category as /. conspicuus. The radula only
was described and figured by Dall (1879). Pilsbry also utilized Carpenter's manuscript name
(1892), but he composed his own description and used specimens from the collections of the
Academy of Natural Sciences. The specific name, if Dall's description is not validated, should
be credited to Pilsbry as has usually been done. Smith and Gordon date the specific name
from Dall. Apparently Dall used Carpenter's manuscript notes in identifying the species. No
specimen has been found which could be identified as a type for Dall's description.

Types. — Dall, not found ; syntypes of Pilsbry, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
no. 118659

Distribution. — Dall, type locality unknown ; Recent. Bolinas, north of San Francisco,
California (type, Pilsbry) ; Mendocino County, to Catalina Island, California (Dall). Pleis-
tocene. California (Chace and Chace, 1919; Berry).

274 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

"Ischnochiton cooperi acutior" Dall
(PI. 34, figs. 1-6)
See /. cooperi
Ischnochiton cooperi acutior Carpenter ms., Dall, 1919, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 55,
no. 2283, p. 508; 1921, p. 192; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 282; Willett, 1935,
Nautilus, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 44

This species was never adequately described by Dall. He used a manuscript name of
Carpenter's. At first he did not regard the name as representing more than a color variation
of /. cooperi Carpenter. However, he later (1921) listed the form as a bona fide subspecies,
from "San Diego to Los Animas Bay, Lower California."

The liolotype in the U. S. National Museum is labelled, "Todos Santos Bay Hemphill"
and marked in red pencil "type."

There are 11 specimens in the Cari)entcr Collection at the Redpath Museum which are
labelled "type" by Carpenter. Five of them are from Todos Santos Bay collected by Hemp-
hill (Redpath Museum, no. 18). Six others are labelled, "Sta. Cruz Cooper False Bay near
S. Diego collected by Hemphill" (Redpath Museum, no. 8).

Since the form has not been illustrated previously the illustrations of the McGill speci-
mens are included herein. They are not types because the subspecific name would date from
Dall or later, depending on the validity of Dall's name. The problem has passed beyond the
scope of Carpenter type material. The illustrations may help to determine whether Dall was
correct in assigning subspecific rank. The writer includes them under /. cooperi.

Holotype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 30734

Distribution. — Todos Santos Bay, Lower California (type)

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) decipiens Carpenter in Pilsbry

Ischnochiton decipiens Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 123;
Dall, 1921, p. 192; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II. pt. Ill, p. 282; Willett, 1935, Nautilm, vol.
49, no. 2, p. 43; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith and Gordon, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, sen 4, vol. XXVI, p. 207

This species bears a manuscript name of Carpenter which was validated by Pilsbry. Un-
fortunately the species was not figured, and the whereabouts of the type does not seem to be
known. Pilsbry published Carpenter's manuscript description. That description is also avail-
able in Oldroyd who republished a copy of the same. Willett thought he knew what /. de-
cipiens was and because of gradation believed that the form named /. (jallina by Berry was
merely a color form of /. decipiens.

In a list of chitons in Dall's handwriting in the collection in the U. S. National Museum
are the following notations :

"Not in collection decipiens Cpr. 1892 Monterey." "Not in collections decipiens Cpr. 1892
Catalina Id. to Monterey."

Holotype. — Not found

Distrihutinn. — Monterey, California (type) ; Catalina Island, to Monterey (Dall)

Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PI. 30, fig. 13; PI. 31, fig.s. 8-17)

Ischnochiton radians Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 121 ; 1893,
vol. XV, p. 75, pi. 16, figs. 48. 49; Thiele, 1909, Zoologica, Bd. 22, Heft 56, p. 80, fig. 62;
Reurv. 1917, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. VII, p. 235: Dall, 1921, p. 191;
Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Pugct Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 191; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill,
p. 275; BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Satith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc,
vol. XXVI, no. 8, p. 207

In this case Pilsbry used Carpenter's manuscript name and description, meaning thereby
to give partial credit to Carpenter. Pilsbry also mentioned that the specimen figured by him
was not Carpenter's type but a secondary specimen from the Smithsonian Institution. Car-
penter's original types (mentioned by Pilsbry) are in the Redpath Museum. There are four
specimens mounted and labelled by Carpenter, "type Monterey Canfield." Since the McGill
specimens are more complete tlian that in the U. S. National Museum (No. 19471), the

AMPHINEURA 275

writer chooses the one figured herein as the lectotype, with the remaining three Rcdpath
Museum specimens and the U. S. National Museum specimen as paratypes. The U. S. Na-
tional Museum specimen is labelled "type San Pedro Cooper."

The photographs included of the Redpath Museum specimen have been taken w^ith the
specimens blown with ammonium chloride to bring out the details of sculpture; therefore
the flecked coloration does not show.

Types. — Lectotype: Redpath Museum, no. 25 (figured herein); paratypes: Redpath Mu-
seum, no. 25 (three specimens) ; U. S. National Museum, no. 19471 (2 plates figured herein)

Distribution. — Monterey, California (type) ; Prince of Wales Island, Alaska to San
Pedro, California (Dall)

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) retiporosus (Carpenter)
(PI. 30, fig. 7; PI. 35, figs. 4, 5)

Ischnochiton {Trachydernwti) retiporosus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 649; Reprint, 1872,
p. 89, 135 ; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 59

Trachydermon retiporosus (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. Cali-
fornia, p. 22

Ischnochiton retiporosus Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 75 ; 1893,
vol. XV, p. 77, pi. 16, figs. 47 type, 50-53; Dall, 1921, p. 191 ; Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget
Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 190 ; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 272

Isclinochiton {Lepidozona) retiporosus (Carpenter), Berry, 1917, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. VII, p. 235; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith and Gordon, 1948,
California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 208

"... : mantle-scales very small, close, smooth. Sp. like scrobiculatus, central pattern in

network, 2-6 side ribs. [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649]

"I.t. parva, subelongata, cinerea, valde elevata, jugo arcuato; valvis subquadratis, apicibus
celatis, marginibus suturalibus intus reglicatis ; areis lateralibus parum definitis, costulis iii-vi.
obsoletis, rotundatis, hue et illuc granis acutis, expressis, instructis ; areis centralibus omnino
scrobiculatis, interstitiis parvis, alte punctatis ; valvis terminalibus costulis crebris, angustis,
acutioribus ; mucrone parum conspicuo, antrorsum sito : intus, sinu suturali lato ; laminis,
utroque latere semel, valvis terminalibus circ. XII incisis ; limbo pallii granuloso, granulis
confertis, minimis, vix elongatis, vix regularibus, baud sculptis. Long. .44, lat. .28, div. 90°.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum legit Kennerley.

"Forma /. interstincto, Gld. et /. scrobiculafo, Midd. convenit ; indole sculpturae differt."
[Carpenter, 1865, p. 59]

Pilsbry (1892) presented a translation of Carpenter's (1865) Latin description. He later
(1893) included a sketch (Fig. 47) of part of one plate of the type and added a detailed
description of the species.

In the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum there is a mounted specimen labelled
by Carpenter "Ischnochiton subexpressus Cpr. type = scabricostatus Cooper 518a 20 fms.
Catalina Is." This is a manuscript name of Carpenter, although it is not so indicated on the
label. A photograph of the shell is included herein, so that the record may be clear. The
specimen is /. retiporosus Carpenter as may be seen by comparison of Pilsbry (1893, pi. 16,
fig. 47) and this report (pi. 30, fig. 7). The Redpath Museum specimen has been coated with
ammonium chloride to bring out details of sculpture, but this method obliterates coloration.

The note on the label, " = scabricostatus Cooper 518a," has not been explained. The pub-
lished number of /. scabricostatus is "1071c" (Cooper's number, California Geological Sur-
vey) ; 518a was the number of "Trachydermon gothicus" (Carpenter, 1866a, p. 212).

Holotype.—U. S. National Museum, no. 4499 (No. in Pilsbry, 14917)

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Victoria, British Columbia, to San
Pedro, California (Dall)

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) serratus Carpenter
(PL 2,2, fig. 5)

Ischnochiton serratus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104; 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIII, p. 315; Reprint. 1872. p. 213; Pilsbry, 1892. Man. Conch., vol.
XIV, p. 122; 1893. Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 78, pi. 16, figs. 42-46; Dall, 1921, p. 192;
Oldroyd, 1927. vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 278; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18 subgenus Lepidozona

276 ATARTXE ^roLT.rscA drscrtred by p. p. carpenter

Pilsbry (1892) included a translation of Carpenter's original description and later (1893)
presented additional notes on the species. Oldroyd (1927) published a copy of both Carpen-
ter's description and Pilsbry's translation. The following should be changed in the copy by
Oldroyd to make that copy complete.

Read .34 for 34 ; .2 for 2

Add :

". . . div. 115°.

"Differs from Elcncnsis in tlic sculpture of tiie terminal valves." [Carpenter, 1864, p. 315]

The type of this species was in tiie U. S. National Museum, no. 16204, but, although the
original glass mount is still present, the specimen is gone and has been for at least 5 years,
according to a note with the type. The tablet has a label "type C.S.L. Xantus."

A specimen in the Redpath Museum is labelled, "Leptopleurus serratus Cpr. var. C type
C. San Lucas Xanthus Pearl Id."

Holotype. — Formerly U. S. National Museum, no. 16204 (lost); paratype: Redpath
Museum, no. 98

Distribution. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California (type) ; San Diego, California, to Gulf
of California (Dall)

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) sinudentatus Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PI. 30, figs. 8,9; PI. 2,3, figs. 1-5)

Ischnochiton sinudentatus Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 128; D.'VLL,
1921, p. 192; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 283; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18 subgenus
Lepidozona; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,
p. 208 subgenus Lepidozona

Ischnochiton {Lepidozona) cf. sinudentatus "Carpenter," Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc., ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 476, pi. XII, figs. 10-17

The name of this species was a manuscript name. The name and manuscript description
were utilized by Pilsbry (1892) when the name became valid. The type material consists of
four specimens in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum on the original Carpenter
glass mount and latel. The label states, "type California." The types are figured for the
first time herein.

Syntypes. — Redpath Museum, no. 27

Distribution. — Recent. Alonterey, California (type) ; Pleistocene. California (Berry,
"cf.")

Subgenus Rhombochiton Berry, 1919

Rhombochiton Berry, 1919, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. IX, p. 2

Type species by original designation, Ischnochiton rcgularis (Carpenter), 1855, Zool. Soc.

London, Proc, p. 232. Recent. Atcndocino County, California, to Monterey, California.

(pl. 31, fig. 7)

Ischnochiton (Rhombochiton) regularis (Carpenter)
(PI. 31, fig. 7)

Chiton regularis Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 232; 1857, Rept. British

Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 287, 318 genus indet. ; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6,

p. 3 ; 1864b, p. 554 Ischnochiton; Reprint, 1872, p. 40
Lepidopleurus regularis (Carpenter), 1864b, p. 649; 1872, Reprint, p. 135 subgenus of

Ischnochiton; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22
Ichnochiton regularis (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 296, fig.

14; Keep, 1887, West Coast Shells, p. 107, fig. 93; Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV,

p. 142, pl. 18, figs. 41-46 section Radsiella; Arnold, 1903, p. 342 in part; Dall, 1921,

p. 193 Rhombochiton; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 285
Ischnochiton {Rhombochiton) regularis (Carpenter), Berry, 1919, California Acad. Sci.,

Proc, ser. 4, vol. IX, no. 1, p. 2; 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 470;

Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 207;

BiiRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 18

AMPHINEURA

277

The original description of this species as well as Pilshry's extended notes were repub-
lished by Oldroyd (1927). The following should be changed in her copy: Last line, read
25 for 25.

Add:

"Var. T. cacrulca, strii/is propc manjincni siibgranulosis.
"Hab. Monterey; sub saxis legit — Hartwcg. Mus. Cuming.

"A very similar species, but with larger scales on the margin, is _f rom New Zealand, and
at present undescribed in the Cumingian Collection." [Carpenter, 1855]

G. L. Wilkins (British Museum) supplied the following information regarding the holo-
type:

"There is little doubt that a shell we have labelled 'Monterey' and a reference to the
P.Z.D. is the type of this species. Size o.k."

The figures of this species by Pilsbry are likely those of the type material, probably from
the Carpenter ms. illustrations. The figures were drawn by Emerton under Carpenter's su-
pervision. The included illustration was furnished by the authorities of the British Museum
(Natural History).

Carpenter's references (1864b) are not cross-referenced. Under Chiton regnlaris in the
index (1872, p. 35), reference is to page 40 only with the additional reference, 1857, pages
287, 318, and 1855, page 232. In the same publication (1872) index (p. 62) under Lepido-
pleurus regularis, page 135 only is indicated. On page 135 Carpenter referred L. rcgularis to
"P.Z.S., p. 232", so that he referred to the same species. The following remarks were in-
serted :

"Subgenus of Ischnochiton: mantle-scales Lophyroid, generally striated. Sp. arched, green
shagreened. Side lobes 2-4: eaves spongj', not projecting." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649: 1872,
p. 135]

Fortunately this is not Carpenter's original description, for at the later date he indicated
the occurrence as "California: or district north of the peninsula, generally." Originally the
type locality was stipulated as Monterey.

Holo type. —British Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology, B.M. 1950,
11.9.1

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type) : Mendocino County, California, to
Monterey, California (Dall). Pleistocene. (Arnold; Berry)

Subgenus Tripoplax Berry, 1919

Tripoplax Berry, 1919. California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. IX, no. 1, p. 1

Type species by original designation Ischnochiton trifidns (Carpenter), 1864b, p. 649.

Recent. Shumagin Islands, Alaska to Puget Sound, Washington. Pilsbry, 1892, Alan.

Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 18, fig. 40 ; 1893, vol. XV, pi. 17, figs. 64-67 type

Ischnochiton (Tripoplax) trifidus (Carpenter)

Trachydcrmon trifidus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 135; Cooper, 1867, Geog.

Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22
Ischnochiton trifidus (Carpenter), 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17. p. 60;

Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 141, pi. 18, fig. 40 section Radsielh: 1893, Man.

Conch., vol. XV, p. 86, pi. 17, figs. 64, 65 type, 66, 67 section Ischnoradsia : Dall. 1921,

p. 193. section Tripoplax: Oldroyd. 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 193;

1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 285 section Tripoplax
Isnoradsia [sic] trifida Carpenter, Dall, 1871. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VII, p. 135
Ischnoradsia trifida (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus.. Proc. vol. 1. p. 331
Ischnochiton (Ischnoradsia) trifidus (Carpenter), Berry, 1917, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. VII, no. 10, p. 238
Ischnochiton (Tripoplax) trifidus (Carpenter). Berry, 1919, California Acad. Sci., Proc,

ser. 4, vol. IX, p. 1 ; Burch. 1947, no. 66, p. 18

"Centre-punctures few, deep: 2-4 blunt ribs: side plates with 2 slits." [Carpenter, 1864b,
p. 649]

"I.t. elevata, ovali, rubida ; valvis latis. subquadratis, apicibus vix intortis ; areis latcralibus
subelevatis, costis obsoletis rotundatis ii-iv ; areis centralibus punctis distantibus, valde im-

278 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

pressis ; valvis terminalibus ut in areis lateralibiis costatis ; valva postica mucrone subincdiana,
baud elevata : intus albida, subrosacea ; valvis utraque latere macule aurantio elongato
ornatis, sinuibus centralibus parvis, expansis; marginibus externis subgrunda typice obtectis ;
laminis lateralibus bis, terminalibus circiter xii. incisis: limbo pallii, granuloso, granis
ovalibus, vix imbricatis baud striatis. Long. .75, lat. .45, div. 110°.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimen unicum pisavit Kennerley." [Carpenter, 1865 p. 60]

Tbe type of this species is composed of four loose valves in the U. S. National Museum.
The illustrations by Pilsbry (1893, PI. 17, figs. 64, 65) are of the type.

Holofype. — U. S. National Museum, no. 30946

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Shumagin Islands, Alaska, to Puget
Sound, Washington (Dall)

Genus Callistochiton Dall, 1882

Callistochiton Dai.l, 1882, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 4, p. 283, 289, 290 no species men-
tioned

Type species by virtue of the first species^^o published in connection with generic name
(Opin. 46, Int. Rules Zool. Nomen.), Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 260,
Chiton pidchcUus Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, vol. 1, p. 1, p. 6, pi. 3, fig. 9. Living.
Islay, Peru to Arica, Chile. Pilsbry, 1892, ]\Ian. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 60, figs. 1-6

Callistochiton decoratus Pilsbry
(PI. Z?>, figs. 15-21)

Chiton {Callistochiton) decoratus "Carpenter," Dall in Orcutt 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

Proc, vol. 8, p. 544 not described
Callistochiton decoratus Carpenter ms., Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 269,

pi. 58, figs. 17-20; 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 87, pi. 16, fig. 54; Dall, 1921, p. 194;

Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 294; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 18

Although Pilsbry utilized Carpenter's manuscript name for this species, he did not use
Carpenter's description or his type. Pilsbry's type was a specimen in the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia. In this case, therefore, the species should be attributed to Pilsbry
and not Carpenter. The synonymy, therefore, is not intended to be complete.

In the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum, there are 12 fine specimens on
Carpenter's glass mounts with a Carpenter label, "type S. Diego Hemphill (Comp.
vcredcntiens)." These specimens were evidently Carpenter's ms. types. Pilsbry (1893) de-
scribed differences between the typical form from Lower California and an individual from
San Diego collected by Henry Hemphill. The specimens which Carpenter had labelled type
should fall in the category to which Pilsbry called attention. Five of those specimens are
figured herein to define the variation, if an^^ The number of ribs on the head valve varies
from 11 to 12.

Pilsbry's original description, but not the supplementary notes, was republished by
Oldroyd (1927).

Holotype. — Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa., no. 118687

Distrihutinn. — Todos Santos P>ay and near San Tomas River, Lower California (tj'pe) ;
Santa Barbara, California, to San Tomas River, Lower California (Dall)

"Callistochiton fimbriatus" Carpenter ms. noiiirn nudum

Three specimens in the Redpath Museum (no. 41) are labelled by Carpenter, "Cal-
listochiton fimbriatus Cpr. type Monterey Canfield."

Callistochiton fimbriatus Carpenter is a nomen nudum. The name has been frequently
mentioned in literature, but Carpenter never described the species. Pilsbry was aware of the
problem in connection with the name and, therefore, did not use the Carpenter name but

139 The first species mentioned in connection with the generic name was Callistochiton
decoratus "Carpenter". Dall in Orcutt (1886, p. 544). However, at that time that specific
name was a nomen nndmn, and it did not become valid until by Pilsbry, 1892. Therefore,
Pilsbry's type designation has priority.

AMPITINEURA 279

gave a new designation (C. crassicostatus) to the chiton whicli would liave been described
by Carpenter. Pilsbry did not believe that the use of the name by Cooper applied to the
same form. The specific name was used for a chiton by Sowerby (1840).

The name is thus best dropped from literature of chitons.

References to name :

"Callochiton fimbriatus Cpr. (AISS.)," Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 23 nomen nudum. Not Chiton fimbriatus Sowerby, 1840
"Chiton (Callochiton) fimbriatus Cpr.," Dall in Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. AIus., Proc,

vol. 8, p. 544; Orcutt, 1915, Moll. World, p. 23 nomcn nudum
"Callistochiton fimbriatus Cpr. MSS. 1875," Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 265

= C. crassicostatus Pilsbry, 1892. Not C. fimbriatus Cpr. Cooper, see above fide Pilsbry,

1892
Chiton fimbriatus of authors. Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XI, no. 18,

p. 484 = Callistochiton crassicostatus Pilsbry, 1892

Callistochiton palmulatus Carpenter in Pilsbry
(PL 32, fig. 1)

Callistochiton palmulatus Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Alan. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 262,
pi. 58, figs. 12-16 typical; Dall, 1921, p. 193; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 292;
BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 18; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc.,
ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 208

Pilsbry utilized Carpenter's manuscript name, description, and drawings. Part of the
figures under the species (pi. 58, figs. 7-11) Pilsbry segregated under a subspecific name,
mirabilis Pilsbry. The holotype of the subspecies is in the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia.

One specimen in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Museum is on an original
Carpenter glass mount wath original label, "type Sta. Barbara Cooper no. 1077." The
number and locality corresponds with that given for the type by Pilsbry (1892, p. 263),
which verifies the specimen as type. An illustration of the holotype is figured herein. The
specimen was mounted with four plates separate.

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 48

Distribution. — Recent. Santa Barbara, California (type) ; Monterey, California, to San
Ignacio Lagoon, Lower California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry, 1922, p. 407)

Family Chitonidae
Genus Placiphorella Dall, 1879

Placiphorella Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 298, 303, 306
Type species by original designation, P. velata "Cpr," Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc,
vol. I, pi. IV, figs. 36, 36a dentition. Recent. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to
Todos Santos Bay, California. Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 66, figs. 6-12

Placiphorella velata Dall

Placiphorella velata Carpenter ms., Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. I, p. 208, 303,
307, pi. IV, fig. 36a dentition; 1887, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 9, p. 210; Pilsbry, 1892,
Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 306, pi. 66, figs. 6-12; Berry, 1917, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, ser. 4, vol. VII, no. 10, p. 241; Dall, 1921, p. 196 Carpenter; Berry, 1922, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci. Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, no. 18, p. 453, pi. Ill, figs. 13-15; Oldroyd, 1924,
Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 199; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 315; Burch. 1947.
no 66, p. 19 ; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI,
p. 206; Berry, 1951, Mai. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 28, pt. 6, p. 214, 215, 221

The specific name should not be credited to Carpenter, as only Carpenter's manuscript
name was utilized by Dall and by Pilsbry. Dall described the soft anatomy of the animal,
and Pilsbry later (1892) described the shell. Dall, therefore, has priority of naming. Refer-
ence to the species is included here for the record in regard to names in connection with
Carpenter's work.

280 ivfARTNE ^rnrj.rscA described by r. r. carpenter

Genus Mopalia Gray, 1847

Mopalia Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 65, 69, 169

Type species by original designation. Chiton Hindsii Reeve, 1847, Conch. Icon., vol. 4,

Chiton, pi. XII, fig. 67a-b. Recent. Alaska, to Gulf of California. Pilsbry, 1892, Man.

Conch., vol. XIV, pi. 62, figs. 99, 100; pi. 63, fig. 57

Mopalia acuta (Carpenter)
(PL 31, fig. 18; Pi. 32, fig. 6)

Chiton acutiis Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 232; 1856, Zool. Soc. London,
Proc, p. 221; 1857, Rept. British Assoc Adv. Sci. 1856, p. 198, 318; 1860, Smith. Misc
Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 3 ; 1864b, p. 527, 648, Reprint, 1872, p. 13, 134

"Chiton (Mopalia) lignosa Gld. var. acuta Cpr.," Dall, /;; Orcutt, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc, vol. 8, p. 544

Mopalia )niiscosa acuta (Carpenter), Pilsuuy, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 297, pi. 64,
figs. 75-79; Dall, 1921, p. 195; Oldkovd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 306

Mopalia nniscosa phiuwsa Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 298,
pi. 64, figs. 80, 81

Mopalia muscosa fissa Carpenter ms. in Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 299

Mopalia acuta (Carpenter), Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 22;
1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 59; Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc,
.ser. 4, vol. XI, p. 446, text fig. 9, pi. V, figs. 10-11; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 19; Smith
AND Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 206

A copy of the original description was published by Oldroyd (1927). The following
should be changed in her copy :

Line 2: read "tenebrosioribus" for "tenebrosioibus."
Add:

"Hah. Sta. Barbara : olim legit T. Nuttall. Mus. suo.

"A very sharply angled, thin, delicately marked species, with extremely thin margin, and
the edges of the valves deeply cut within." [Carpenter, 1855, p. 232]

".Subgeneric, aberrant form; with small blunt plate, instead of post, sinus, between the
two principal lobes." [Carpenter 1864b, p. 648]

Three specimens illustrated by Pilsbry ( 1892) were considered by him as the types. He
considered one specimen (pi. 64, figs. 76, 77) the "holotype" (Pilsbry, May 15, 1951, per-
sonal communication). They were collected by H. Hemphill at San Diego, California. How-
ever, the real holotype is in the British Museum. It is in the Nuttall Collection and bears a
Nuttall label, "Chiton incisus. Sta. Barbara". There is also in Carpenter's handwriting the
following note, "Comp. acutus. Cpr. Probably I found inciscus preoccupied." (Fide G. L.
Wilkins, Jan. 1, 1952, personal communication.) A photograph of the type was furnished by
the British Museum

The type of M. plumosa. Carpenter in Pilsbry is in tiie Newcomb Collection (25530),
Geology Department, Cornell University. The drawings made of that type for Carpenter
were published by Pilsbry.

Pilsbry also included a description of M. fissa Carpenter ms. but did not illustrate the
holotype, which he stated was from Monterey. Pilsbry regarded botii M. plitnwsa and M.
fissa as synonymous with M. acuta (Carpenter).

A specimen in the Redpath Museum is labelled by Carpenter, 'Mopalia filosa Cpr. MS.
type St. Barbara Cooper plumosa & acuta." This certainly is the "M. fissa" Carpenter ms.
in Pilsbry. M. filosa Carpenter ms. is a namcn nudum and is cither an error for fissa, or
the fissa is an error for filosa. They equal the same and are regarded as equivalent to M.
acuta Carpenter. The photo of "M. filosa" type is included to illustrate the character of
fissa. Photographs of the type A. filosa Carpenter ms. were sent to Allyn Smith in 1945.
Mr. Smith (Personal communication) wrote, "The species is undoubtedly what we are now
calling Mopalia acuta (Carpenter), whicli Dall i>laces as a subspecies of M. muscosa (jould,
which I believe is not justified."

"Mopalia filosa Ci)r. MS." is not the Artliuria filosa Cari)entcr ms. in Dall (1882, p. 287)
and/or in Pilsbry (1892, p. 258).

AMPTTINEURA 281

Dimensions.— Long. 22.77 mm.; lat. 12.65 mm.; alt. 5.06 mm. (holutype) ; original
dimensions of Carpenter converted into mm.

Types. — Holotype, British Museum (Natural History), 61.5.20.103, "Chiton incisus"
Nuttall ms. = C. acutus Cpr. ; holotype of M. plumosa Carpenter in Pilsbry, Geology De-
partment, Cornell University, no. 25530; holotype of M. "filosa" Carpenter ms. = M. fissa
Carpenter in Pilsbry, Redpath Museum, no. 9

Distribution.— Recent. San Diego, California (type) ; Santa Barbara to San Diego, Cali-
fornia (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry)

Mopalia imporcata Carpenter
(PI. 32, fig. 2)

Mopalia imporcata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 648 genus ?; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 134; 1865,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 59; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol.

Sur. California, p. 22; Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 301, pi. 62, fig. 98;

1896, Nautilus, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 49; Dall, 1921, p. 196; Berry, 1917, California Acad.

Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. VII, no. 10, p. 241; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 308;

BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 19; Smitfi and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser.

4, vol. XXVI, p. 206
Placiphorella imporcata (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 306
Osteochiton imporcatus (Carpenter), Dall, 1887, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, 1886, vol. 9, p. 211

"Pale : central area ribbed : post, valve slightly notched. Indications of sutural pores in
these two species, if confirmed, will require a new genus." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 648]

"? M. t. parva, valde elevata, satis elongata ; jugo acuto, rectangulato ; pallida, rufotincta ;
areis lateralibus costa elevata, dense granulosa, definitis ; suturis dense granosis, marginibus
intus implicatis ; valva antica circiter octies granoso-costata ; arearum lateralium et valvae an-
ticae interstitiis intricatim ruguloso-indentatis ; areis centralibus costis longitudinalibus crebis,
validissimis, acutis, subparallelis, interstitiis crenulato-decussatis ; valva postica mucrone hand
conspicuo, submarginali, sinu parvo, angusto : intus, sinu laminarum suturalium angusto :
valvis centralibus fissura una; valva antica fissuris ? — ; valva postica fissura utraque una,
postice sinu parvo, angulato : limbo coriaceo, poris suturalibus aliisque hue et illuc sparsis,
minutis, setulis albidis instructis.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina duo legit Kennerley.

"Ut in ? M. sinuata, a Mopaliis typicis different." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 59]

Pilsbry stated that his description and figures were drawn from Carpenter's type in the
U. S. National Museum. There is also a specimen (plates separated) in the Carpenter
Collection in the Redpath Museum on an original Carpenter glass mount with Carpenter's
label. "Placiphorella imporcata Cpr type Puget Sd. Kennerley."

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4499; Redpath Museum, no. 57
Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Forrester Island, Alaska, to San Pedro,
California (Dall)

Mopalia lignosa (Gould)
(PL 27, fig. 12)

Chiton lignosus Gould, 1846, July, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. II, p. 142 (see Otia,
p. 100 for date) ; 1862, Otia Conch., p. 3

Chiton merckii Middendorff, 1847, April, Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg, Bull., vol. VI,
p. 20, fide G. L. Wilkins

Mopalia simpsonii Gray, 1847, May, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 69

Chiton monterevensis Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIII, p. 231 ; 1856,
Kept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1855. p. 318, 349; 1860, Smith. Misc Coll.. vol. 2, art. 6,
no. 1, p. 3; 1864b. p. 530, 554, 648, Reprint, 1872, p. 16, 40, 134 = Mopalia lignosa Gould
in part; Dall, 1879, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc, vol. 1, p. 304 under Mopalia ciliata lignosa
Gould; Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 300 under Mopalia lignosa Gould

Carpenter described Chiton monterevensis from a specimen in the Cuming Collection.
Later (1864b), after examining perfect specimens of the same, he determined the form as
equal to Mopalia lignosa (Gould). Authors have continued to agree with Carpenter in that
assignment.

The type of C. vwntereyensis is in the British Museum. It is one of five specimens on a
tablet which has a Cuming label. The original label reads : "Montereyensis Carp. =

2S2 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRTBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

simpsonii Grey Monterey." Tlie front of the table has "Vancouver Is." as the locahty (G. L.
Wilkins, Sept. 7, 1951, personal communication).

"C.t. ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 120°), sublaevi ; olivacea, valva utraque ad jugum
rubro-fusco maculate, lineis tenebrosioribus valvis intermediis subradiantibus, valvis ultimis
radiantibus ; valvis intermediis lineis diagonalibus subdistinctis, ad marginem subquadratis,
suturis conspicuis ; areis lateralibus lineis paucis radiantibus obsoletis; tota superficie
punctulis creberrimis conferta, subobsoletis, niaxime ad areas lateralcs ; mucrone vix
prominente ; limbo coriaceo, ad marginem et in suturis piloso, setis planatis curtis, incurvatis ;
intus valvarum marginibus baud valde arcuatis, sinu parvo, ad jugum subimpresso.

"Long. 2.4, lat. 1.42, alt. .45 poll.

"Hab. Monterey, rupibus ad undarum tumultum exix)sitis : legit — Hartvveg. Alus. Cuming.

"Margin with numerous but not crowded, short, incurved, horny, flattened hairs ; shell
very finely sculptured, dark olive, with very dark rays slightly diverging from the summit
of each valve, ajid very conspicuous on the terminal one. The jugum is stained in each valve
with sienna." [Carpenter, 1855, p. 231]

Through the courtesy of the authorities of the British Museum (Natural History) a
photograph of the type of C. viontcrcycnsis Carpenter is included.

The synonymy of M. lignosa is not intended to be complete.

Hototype. — British Museum (Natural History), no. 1951. 9.7.1-5

Distribution. — Recent. Monterey, California (type of M. montereyensis) . For complete
distribution see tliat of .1/. lignosa. Pleistocene. (Berry; Chace and Chace)

Mopalia muscosa Gould

"Chiton ornatus Nutt. MS." Carpenter

Mopalia muscosa Gould, 1846, July, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. II, p. 145; 1852,

U. S. Expl. Expcd., Moll., vol. XII, p. 313, Atlas (1856), pi. 28, fig. 436
Chiton ornatus Nutt. ms. Carpenter, 1855, Zool. Soc. London, Proc. pt. XXIII, p. 232;

1856, Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIV, p. 221 ; 1857, Kept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci.

1856, p. 198, 229, 318, 349; 1860, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 2, art. 6, p. 3 ; 1864b, p. 530;

Reprint, 1872, p. 16; Pilsbhv, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 295 as M. muscosa Gould

Carpenter used Nuttall's manuscript name of C. ornata and described the San Diego
shell, although he suspected that it might have been described by Gould. Cari>enter (1864b)
identified the Nuttall specimen as conspecific with M. muscosa Gould.

Mopalia muscosa kennerleyi Carpenter

Mopalia grayii Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 648; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 134 name preoccupied

fide Carpenter
Mopalia Kennerleyi Carpenter, 1864b, p. 648; Reprint 1872, p. 134 new name for M. grayi

Carpenter, p. 603; 1865, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 59; Cooper, 1867,

Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 21 ; 1871, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 58
Mopalia ciliata Sowerby, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 303; Berry, 1922,

California Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. XI, no. 18, p. 449 in part
Mopalia muscosa kennerleyi Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 195 kennerlyi: Oldroyd, 1924, Pub.

Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 197 kennerlyi; 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 306 kennerlyi;

BuRCH, 1927, no. 66, p. 19; LaRocque, 1953, Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. 129, p. 15 kennerlyi

Oldroyd (1927) republished the original description, Carpenter's Latin descrijition 1865,
and a translation of the latter.

There are specimens with labels in the U. S. National Museum from Neah Bay and
Vancouver Island, which bear Carpenter's initial, but none has a notation that it is type
material.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Puget Sound, Washington (type) ; Shumagin Island, Alaska, to Monterey,
California (Dall)

Mopalia sinuata Carpenter
(PI. 33, figs. 6-13)

Mopalia sinuata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 648 genus?; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 134; 1865, Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 17, p. 59; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.

AMPIIINEURA 283

California, p. 22; Pii.sbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 303, pi. 62, figs. 95-97; Berry,
1917, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. VII, p. 241; Dall, 1921, p. 196; Oldroyd,
1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 309; BuRCH, 1947, no. 66, p. 19; Smith and Gordon, 1948, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 206
Mopalia {Placiphorella) sinuata (Carpenter), Dall, 1879, U. S. National Museum, Proc.,

vol. I, p. 303, 306
Osteochiton sinuata (Carpenter), Dall, 1886, U. S. Nat. Mas., Proc. 1885, vol. 9, p. 211
Mopalia cf. sinuata Carpenter, Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI, no.
18, p. 451, pi. VI, figs. 7-8 Pleistocene

"Small, raised sharp back, red and blue, engine — turned ; post, valve deeply notched."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 648]

"? M. t. parva, subelongata, elevata, jugo angulato ; rubido et caeruleo elegantur macu-
lata ; valvis elongatis, subquadratis ; areis lateralibus costa augusta, subelevata, granulosa,
utraque definitis ; suturis quoque granulosis ; tota superfice clarissime reticulata, punctis areis
centralibus valde, areis lateralibus et valvis terminalibus modice impressis ; valvis terminali-
bus ut in areis lateralibus sculptis, costis acutis radiantibus, interstitiis reticulatis ; yalva
postica maxime incisa, sinu alto, acuto mucronem tenus hand conspicuam effosa : intus
rosacea; marginibus apicinis granulosis tota longitudine intortis ; sinu laminarum saturaliuin
parvo, angusto; laminis externis, valvis centralibus semel incisis ; valva antica, fissuris
circiter VIII., costis convenientibus ; valva postica, fissura laterali utraque costae conveniente,
postice maxime sinuata : limbo pallii coriaceo, pilulis paucis ; poro rotundato parvo suturis
utroque latere conveniente.

"Hab. — In sinu Pugetiano specimina duo legit Kennerley._

"Mopaliis typicus structura valvae posticae convenit: poris suturalibus vix definitis, dif-
fert." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 59]

Pilsbry stated that his description and figures were drawn from the type in the U. S.
National Museum. There is also a specimen in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath
Museum on Carpenter's original glass mount with Carpenter's label, "Placiphorella sinuata
Cpr. type Puget Sd. Kennerly." That specimen, consisting of eight loose plates, is illustrated
herein.

Syntypcs. — U. S. National Museum, no. 4473 ; Redpath Museum, no. 58
Distribution.— Fuget Sound, Washington (tj^pe) ; Forrester Island, to San Francisco,
California (Dall)

Mopalia swanii Carpenter

Mopalia (Kennerlevi, var.) Szvanii Carpenter, 1864b (p. 627 szvannii), p. 648; Reprint,
1872, p. 113, 134: 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. XIV, p._426; Reprint. 1872,
p. 238 stvannii; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 21

Mopalia ciliata Sowerby, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 304 in part

Mopalia muscosaszmnil Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 195; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 306;
Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 19

Mopalia ciliata f Sowerby, 1840), Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XI,
no. 18, p. 449 in part

Mopalia swanii Carpenter, Berry, 1951, Mai. Soc. London, Proc, vol. 28, pt. 6, p. 214-217,
219, pi. 26, fig. 15

": red, ridge arched; less sculptured.^ ^o [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 648, szvani]

"M. testa M. Kenncrleyi typicae simili, sed jugo fornicato, baud carinato; omnino rubida,

sculptura multo minus expressa ; areis lateralibus vix definitis; latera versus subgranulata ;

dorsum versus lineis jugum versus procedentibus, interstitiis punctatis ; sinu postico latiore ;

limbo pallii lato ; coriaceo, vix piluloso. Long. 2.4, lat.. 1., div. 120°.

"Ha&.— Tatooche Island {Sa'an)." [Carpenter, 1864d, p. 426, s-Lvannii]

Berry (1951) believed this to be a good species on the basis of a series of British
Columbia specimens. He included a good illustration in his paper.

Holotype. — Not found

Distribution. — Tatooclie Island, Washington (type) ; Shumagin Islands, Alaska, to
Monterey, California (Dall)

140 If this brief description is considered the original, the spelling of the specific name is
spelled with one "n." This is closer to the collector's name, J. G. Swan. Since Dall (1921,
reviser) the name has been spelled with one "n."

284 MARINE MOLI.USCA DESCRIBED BY I'. P. CARPENTER

Genus Dendrochiton Berry, 1911

Dendrochiton Berry, 1911, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 62>, p. 487
Type species by original designation Mupalia (Dcudrochiton) thamnopora Berry, 1911,
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 63, p. 487. Recent. Resurrection Bay, Alaska, to
San Martin Island, California (Dall). Berry, 1911, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc,
vol. 63, p. 488, figs. 1-3

Dendrochiton gothicus (Carpenter)
(PI. 2,2, fig. 3)

Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) gothicus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612; Reprint, 1872, p. 98,

nomen nudum
Trachydermon Gothicus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 135; 1866, California

Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 212; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California,

p. 22
Ischnochiton gothicus Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1892, Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 74
Trachvdcrmon gothicus Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 65, pi. 15, figs.

28,"29 type plates
? Chaetoplcura gothica Carpenter, Dall, 1921, p. 193 Dendrochiton; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II,

pt. Ill, p. 290 section Dendrochiton
Dendrochiton gothicus (Carpenter), Berry, 1919, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.

IX, p. 3, 4, figs. 3, 4; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4,

vol. XXVI, p. 206 doubts Monterey record
Mopalia {Dendrochiton) gothica (Carpenter), Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 19

"Blunt parallel riblets along very arched back. Sutural lobes united in sinus : eaves not
spongy. 8-20 fm. Cp." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649]
". . . State Collection, 518a.

"Tr. t. parva valde elevata, viridi, rosaceo et olivaceo eleganter tincta ; valvis gothice
arcuatis, jugo acuto; areis lateralibus parvis, arcuatiin distincte definitis, granulosis; umboni-
bus promincntibus ; niarginibus umbonalibus colore tcssellatis, intortis; areis centralibus
longitudinaliter costatis, costis rotundatis, crebris, baud valde expressis, interstitiis parvis,
vix interdum decussatis ; valv. term, ut in ar. lat. sculptis, postica mucrone mediano, subele-
vato : intus, lobis suturalibus hand separatis, medio latissime sinuatis ; laminis insertionis,
lat. unifissatis, term. VIII-X. — fissatis, obtusis, subgrundis baud elevatis : limbo pallii minutis-
sime squamuloso, granulis confertissimns, subrotundatis, laevibus ; circa marginem pilulis
suberectis.

"Long. 0.20, lat. 0.10; div. 80°.

"Hah. Catalina Island, 8-20 fm.. Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 212]

A set of types is in the U. S. National Museum, and one is in the Redpath Museum.
Both suites are on the original glass mounts of Carpenter with Carpenter's original label.
There are five specimens at McGill labelled, "type Catalina Is. St. Barbara Is. Cooper."
The specimen in the U. S. National Museum consists of four small plates with a label,
"Catalina Id. Cooper type." The photograph of one of the types at McGill is included. It may
be verified readily with the original drawings of plates by Carpenter in Pilsbry pi. 15, figs.
28, 29).

Berry (1919) pointed out distinguishing features of this species which was then little
known.

Oldroyd republished Pilsbry's translation of Carpenter's Latin description.

Syntypes. — U. S. National Museum, no. 16271, 4 separate plates; Redpath Museum, no. 13

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Monterey to Catalina Island
(Dall)

Genus Basiliochiton IScrry, 1918

Basiliochiton Berry. 1918, Nautilus, vol. 32, No. 1. p. 12

Type species by original designation Mopalia hcathii Pilsbry, 1898, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, Proc, vol. 50, p. 288. Living. Pacific (irove, California. Berry, 1925, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 77, p. 25, figs. 1, 2 (holotype). (pi. 33, fig. 14, holotype)

Trachydermon Carpenter was first mentioned (1864b, p. 612) with two species Ischnochi-
ton (Trachydermon) pseudodcntirns Carpenter [= Cyanopla.r dentiens (Gould).] and /. (T.)
gotliicns Carpenter, "n.s."

A:\rPTTINEURA

285

T. gothicus Carpenter was at the time a manuscript name and, therefore, not eligible to be
type species of the genus. /. psetidodentiens Carpenter was a name given by Carpenter for
Chiton dentiens Gould (1846). Hence Chiton dentiens Gould is the monotype of Trachyder-
mon. Chiton dentiens Gould is a Cyanoplax Pilsbry, 1892 {fide Berry, 1948b, p. 14), which
makes Trachydcnnon Carpenter have precedent over the later generic name.

In Carpenter's second mention of Trachydermon (1864b, p. 649) he included nine species
in the genus. It is this second reference which Pilsbry (1892, p. 67; 1893, p. 62, 63) considered
the original reference. Pilsbry designated the last species mentioned, T. flcctcns Carpenter,
as the type species of the genus.

Dall (1879, p. 295) used Trachydermon Carpenter with "T. cinereiis Lowe" as type
species. That designation is not valid, because that species was not included by Carpenter in
the original mention of the genus.

Berry (1918) proposed the name Basiliochiton for T. flectcns Carpenter, because he had
been told that Trachydermon was preoccupied. However, although there are several uses of
Trachyderma (Latreille, 1829; Gravenhorst, 1829; Wiegman, 1834) the appellation of Tra-
chydermon has not been used other than that of Carpenter. Basiliochiton is not necessary or
valid unless the first reference of Carpenter is accepted, whereby Trachydermon, 1864, has
precedent over Cyanoplax Pilsbry, 1892. If this condition is not accepted, Trachydermon is a
bona fide generic name, and T. flectcns Carpenter is the type species.

Prof. Henry Poirier was consulted in regard to the equivalence of Trachyderma and
Trachydermon because of similar classical origin. Professor Poirier kindly sent his opinion
(Oct. 6, 1955, personal communication) as follows:

"They {Trachyderma and Trachydermon) differ only in termination, but Trachydermon
introduced in 1863 should not now be rejected because it has the same origin and meaning
as Trachyderma."

"Basiliochiton" flectcns (Carpenter)

Ischnochiton flectcns Carpenter, 1864b, p. 603, 606; Reprint, 1872, p. 89, 92; Pilsbry, 1892,
Man. Conch., vol. XIV, p. 75

Trachxdermon flectcns Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649; Reprint, 1872, p. 135; Cooper, 1867, Geog.
Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur. California, p. 23; 1871. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. VI, p. 59; Pilsbry,
1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 64, pi. 15, figs. 34-37: Berry, 1917, California Acad. Sci.,
Proc, vol. VII, no. 10, p. 239, 245-248

Ishnochiton (Trachydermon) flectcns Carpenter, 1865, Acad. Xat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc.,
vol. 17, p. 60

Lepidochito-na flcctcns (Carpenter), Dall, 1918, Nautilus, vol. 32, p. 3; 1921, p. 189 section
Basiliochiton: Oldroyd, 1924, Pub. Puget Sound Biol. Station, vol. 4, p. 187; 1927, vol. II,
pt. Ill, p. 260 section Lcpidochitona: W'illett, 1935, Nautilus, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 42 includes
Dendrochiton semiliratus Berry, 1927, as synonymous

Basiliochiton flectcns (Carpenter), Berry, 1918, Nautilus, vol. Z2, p. 12; 1925, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, vol. 77, p. 23, 24; Burch, 1947, no. 66, p. 19; Smith and Gor-
don, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol. XXVI, p. 206

"Mantle-margin scarcely granular. Rosy, very small, scarcely sculptured : valves beaked
and waved as in M. Simpsonii: eaves and incisors normal." [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 649]

Oldroyd (1927) republished Carpenter's Latin description (1866) and Pilsbry's transla-
tion.

To Oldroyd's copy of Carpenter's description (1865e) the following lines should be added:

"Hah. In sinu Pugetiano legit Kennerley : in insula Vancouver legit Lord : prope Mon-
terey, Taylor: apud San Diegoncm, Cooper." [Carpenter, 1865e, p. 60]

The type of this species has not been found. The statement in Oldroyd (1927) that it is in
the U. S. National Museum and her statement regarding type locality are incorrect. The type
locality could be one of three locales (see description above), depending on where a syntype
may be found. Berry's (1925, p. 24) statement that Puget Sound is the type locality will only
prove to be true if a type is eventually found or selected from that area.

There are two lots of specimens (not types) in the U. S. National Museum which bear
the name "L. flectcns montereyensis Cpr." This is a nomen nudum. Berry (1917, p. 247)

286 MARINE IvrOLT.USCA DESCRIBED BY V. V. CARPENTER

referred to the nude name, "Trachydcnnon flcctcns viontcrcycnsis Bartsch," whicli had ap-
peared in print but never been described. Berry referred the latter to Mopalia hcathii Pilsbry
in Berry (1911, p. 490, figs. 4-7, pi. XI, figs. 1-3, 7)

Family Acantuociiitonidae
Genus Acanthochitona Gray, 1821

Acanthochltona Gkay, 1821, London Medical Repository, p. 234

Type species by nionotypy Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., XII ed., p. llOo.

Living. Northern Europe, south tlirougli Mediterranean. Pil.shky, 1893, Man. Conch.,

vol. XV, pi. 4, figs. 77, 78, 79

Acanthochitona avicula (Carpenter)
(PI. 32, fig. 4)

Acanthuchitcs avicula Carpenter, 1864b, p. 612, 650; Reprint, 1872, p. 98, 136; 1866a, Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., Proc, vol. Ill, p. 211; Cooper, 1867, Geog. Cat. Moll., Geol. Sur.
California, p. 23; Pii.srry, 1893, Man. Conch., vol. XV, p. 24, Acanthochitona aincula
(Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 197; Berry, 1922, California Acad. Sci., Proc, ser. 4, vol.
XI, no. 18, p. 456, pi. VI, fig. 9; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 318; Burcii, 1947, no.
66, p. 19; Smith and Gordon, 1948, California Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. Ill, p. 206

"Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp."
[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 6501

Oldroyd (1927) republished the Latin description (1866a) and Pilsbry (1893) presented
a translation of the description which was also copied by Oldroyd. The following lines should
be added to make that copy complete :

". . . State Collection, no. 1072

"Hah. Catalina Island, 10-20 fm., rare; Cooper." [Carpenter, 1866a, p. 211[

The holotype of this species is in the Redpath Museum, labelled by Carpenter, "type
Catalina Is. Cp. 1072." This label corresponds with Carpenter's (1866a) description.

Holotype. — Redpath Museum, no. 72

Distribution. — Recent. Catalina Island, California (type) ; Catalina Island, to Gulf of
California (Dall). Pleistocene. California (Berry)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbott, Robert Tucker

1954. American Scashclls. New York, D. \'an Nostrand Company, Inc., 4to., 541 p.,
40 pis.
Adams, Arthur
[1853]. Descriptions of nczv general and species of gasteropodotis Mullusca. Zool. Soc.

London, Proc. 1853, pt. XXI, p. 182-186
1855. Descriptions of tiventy-five neiv species of shells from the collection of Hugh Cum-
ing, Esq. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, pt. XXIII, p. 221-226
1860a. On some nczv genera and species of MoUusca from Japan. Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist.,

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Fasciolaria, Fusus, Paludonnts, Tiirlw
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Hcmipectcn, Oliva, Stromhus, Pterocera, Rnstellaria, StrulhioJaria
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Cerithidea, Pyrazus. Lampania, Tympanotonos, Leiostraca, Niso, Pofamidcs
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branchus, Cucullaea, Scutus, Tugalia
1870-1872. Vol. 18, dated 1873, Philine, Bullina, Nueula, Ufrieulus, Ostraea, Lintcria,
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES

326 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate l.—HUXLEVIA, BARB ATI A, NUCULA, GLYCYMERIS, AND PHILOBRYA

Figure Page

1-3. Hii.vlcyia munita (Dall) 64

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 23243. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
4, 5. Barbatia pernoidcs (Carpenter) 62

Redpath Mus. Length, 17 mm. ; height, 12 mm. ; thickness, 5 mm.
6, 7. Nucula exiqua Sowerby 61

'"Syntype," MS. A'', suprastriata Cpr., U.S.N.M., No. 23247. Length, 5 mm.;
height, 4 mm.; thickness, 1+ mm.
8-10. Glycymeris subobsoleta (Carpenter) 63

Syntypes, U.S.N. M., No. 15594. Fig. 8, lengtli, 34 mm.; height, 31 mm.; thick-
ness, 10 mm. Figs. 9, 10, length, 30 mm. ; height, 29 mm. ; thickness, 9 mm.
11-16. Philobrya setosa (Carpenter) 65

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 16187; X 8.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 1

HUXLEYIA, BARBATIA, NUCULA, GLYCYMERIS, AND PHILOBRYA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 2

PECTEN AND NUCULANA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 327

Plate 2.—PBCTEX AND XCCULAXA
Figure Page

1-3. "Pecten (? var.) sqnarrosus" Carpenter 72

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 120. Fig. 1, length, 45 mm.; height, 46 mm.;
thickness, 12 mm. Figs. 2, 3, length, 18 mm. ; height, 21 mm. ; thickness,
4.5 mm.

4-6. Nuculana hamata (Carpenter) 61

Fig. 6, lectotype, U.S.N.Al., No. 107420. Figs. 4, 5, length, 9 mm.; height,
5 mm.; thickness (each valve), 1 mm. Fig. 6, length, 10 mm.; height, 5 mm.;
thickness, 2.5 mm.

328 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 3.—PECTEN

Figure P^ae

1-3. Pcctcn circnlaris aequisulcatus Carpenter 71

Syntypes, U.S.N.M., No. 15645 ; X 1.

4-6. Pecten rubidus Hinds 69

"Pecten Hindsii Cpr. = rubidus, H. C. Sitka." Redpath Mus. Fig. 4, length,
15 mm. ; height, 18 mm. ; thickness, 3 mm. Fig. 5, length, 19 mm. ; height,
22 mm. ; thickness, 3 mm. Fig. 6, length, 29 mm. ; height, 32 mm. ; thickness,
5 mm.

y

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 3

PECTEN

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 4

MODIOLUS. ADULA, AND ASTIIEXOTIIAERUS

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 329

Plate 4.— MODIOLUS, ADULA, AND ASTHENOTHAERUS
Figure Poge

1. Adula calijorniensis (Philippi) '4

Adida stylina Carpenter. San Diego, Hemphill. Redpath Mus., No. 109. Length,
12 mm. ; height, 5.5 mm. ; thickness, 2 mm.

2. Adtila calijorniensis (Philippi) 74

Adula stylina Carpenter. San Diego, Hemphill. Redpath Mus., No. 109. Length,
20 mm. ; height, 6 mm.

3. Adula calijorniensis (Philippi) 74

Adula stylina Carpenter. San Diego, Hemphill. Redpath Mus., No. 109. Length,
23 mm. ; height, 9 mm.

4. Adula calijorniensis (Philippi) 74

Adula stylina Carpenter. San Diego, Hemphill. Redpath Mus., No. 109. Length,
19 inm. ; height, 7 mm. ; thickness, 7 mm.

5. 6. Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter 75

Holotype, left valve, U.S.N. M., No. 16292. Length, 11 mm.; height, 6+ mm.;
thickness, 2 mm.

7. Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter 75

Holotype, right valve, U.S.N.M., No. 16292. Length, 11 mm.; height, 6+ mm.;
thickness, 2 mm.

8, 9. Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter 75

Enlargement of hinges of holotype.

10-12. Modiolus jornicatus (Carpenter) 7Z

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 3133. Length, 36 mm. ; height, 20 mm. ; thickness,
12 mm.

330 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 5.— PANDORA AND OSTREA

Figure Page

1-3. Pandora bilirata Conrad 76

Holotype, P. bicarinata Carpenter, U.S.N.M., No. 592440; X 21/.. Fig. 8,
exterior.

4-6. Ostrea liirida Carpenter 66

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 125. Fig. 4, left valve, length, 52 mm. ; height,
60 mm. ; thickness, 17 mm. Figs. 5, 6, right valve, length, 58 mm. ; height,
66 mm. ; thickness, 36 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 5

PANDORA AND OSTREA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 6

CLSI'IDAlilA, LEIOMYA, AND PANDORA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 331

Plate 6.— CUSPID ARIA, LEIOMYA, AND PANDORA
Figure Page

1-5. Cuspidaria pectinafa (Carpenter) 78

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4506. Length, 6.5 mm.; height, 4 mm.; thickness
(double), 3 mm.

6-8. Leiomya scabra (Carpenter) 79

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 592441. Length, 16 mm.; height, 9 mm.; thickness,
3 mm. The offset in the hinge line is due to breakage.

9-14. Pandora filosa (Carpenter) 77

Syntype, U. S. N. M., No. 4542. Length, 21 mm.; height, 11.; thickness
(double), 4 mm.

332 MARINE MOLLI'SCA DESCRIBED BV P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 7.—GLANS, EU CRASS AT ELLA, MY SELLA. AST ARTE,
AND AXINOPSIDA

Figure P<^9e

1-4. Clans subquadrata (Carpenter) 82

Syntypes, U.S.N.M., No. 15681. Figs. 1, 2, 4, length, 9 mm.; height, 7 mm.;
thickness, 5 mm. ; fig. 3, length, 10 mm. ; height, 6 mm. ; thickness, 3 mm.

5-7. Eucrassatella fluctuata (Carpenter) 81

Holotype, U.S.N. M., No. 1060. Length, 8+ mm.; height, 6 mm.; thickness,
1.5 mm.

8-12. Mysella tutnida (Carpenter) 88

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 5242. Length, 4 mm. ; height, 3 mm,

13-15A. Astarte compacta Carpenter 80

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4509. Length, 10 mm.; height, 9 mm.; thickness
(double), 5 mm.

16-18. Axinopsida serricata (Carpenter) 84

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 5249; x 3.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 7

GLANS, EUCRASSATELLA, MYSELLA, AST ARTE, AND AXINOPSIDA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 8

MIODONTISCUS AND LUCINA

KXPI.ANATION OF PLATES 333

Plate 8.—MI0D0NTISCUS AND LUCINA
Figure Page

1, 4, 5. Miodontiscus prolongatus (Carpenter) 83

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15472; X 8.

2, 3, 6, 7. Miodontiscus prolongatus (Carpenter) 83

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 2377. Figs. 2, 6, length, 4.5 mm. ; height, 5 mm. ;

thickness, 2+ mm. ; Figs. 3, 7, length, 5 mm. ; height, 5 mm. ; thickness,

2+ mm.

8-12. Lucina tenuisculpta (Carpenter) 86

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 5244. Length, 6 mm.; height, 6 mm.; thickness,

3-|- mm.

334 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 9.—PSEUD0PYTHINA, KELLIA, PRISTES, AND HUMILARIA

Figure Page

1, 2. Pscudopythina rugifera (Carpenter) 90

Enlargement of hinge of Fig. 4.

3. Pseudopythum rugifera (Carpenter) 90

Syntype U.S.N.M., No. 4445; X 2.

4, 5. Pseiidopythina rugifera (Carpenter) 90

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 4445. Length, 19.5 mm.; height, 11 mm. (from concave
margin).

6, 7. Kellia laperousii chironii Carpenter 87

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 9, 10.

8, 9. Kellia laperousii chironii Carpenter 87

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15460. Length, 19 mm. ; height, 13 mm. ; thickness,
4.5 mm.

10. Kellia laperousii chironii Carpenter 87

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15460. Length, 10 mm. ; height, 9 mm. ; thickness,
4 mm.

11-13. Pristes oblongus Carpenter 89

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15592. Length, 4 mm. ; height, 2+ mm.

14, IS. Humilaria kennerleyi (Reeve) 95

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Figured Icon Conch., XIV, PI. 12, fig. 41.
"Vancouvers Is. (Mus. Cuming)." Length, 57 mm. ; height, 42 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 9

PSEUDOPYTHINA, KELLIA, PRISTES, AND HUMILARIA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 10

fk

^

10

COMPSOMYAX, NEMOCARDIUM, AND LEPTON

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 335

Plate \0.—COMPSOMVAX, NEMOCARDIUM, AND LEPTON
Figure Page

1-4. Compsomyax subdiaphana (Carpenter) 93

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4541. Length, 19 mm.; height, 14 mm.; thickness
(double) 10 mm.

5, 6. Compsomyax subdiaphana (Carpenter) 93

Enlargement of hinge of Figs. 1-4.

7-11. N emocardium ccntifilosum (Carpenter) 91

Holotype, U.S.N.M., 15262. Length, 12.5 mm.; height, 12 mm.; thickness,
9 mm.

12. Lepton mcroeum Carpenter 91

Enlargement of hinge of Fig. 13.

13. Lepton vierocnm Carpenter 91

Holotype, LT.S.N.M., No. 15591. Length, 3 mm.; height IK- nmi. (fragment).

336 MARINE ^TOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate U.—PROTOTHACA, PSEPHIDIA, AND CHIONE
Figure Page

1. 4, 5. Protothaca staminea (Conrad) 97

Forma orbella Carpenter, U.S.N.M., No. 15453; X 1.

2. Protothaca staminea (Conrad) 97

Forma orbella Carpenter, U.S.N.M., No. 15453; X 1^.

3. Protothaca staminea (Conrad) 97

Forma orbella Carpenter, U.S.N.M., No. 15453; X 1>4.
6, 7. Pscphidia salmonea (Carpenter) 99

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 8, 9.
8-10. Pscphidia salmonea (Carpenter) 99

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15578. Length, 4 mm.; height, 2.5 mm. Central large
spot is where the specimen was glued to glass.
11, 12. Pscphidia salmonea (Carpenter) 99

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 115; X 16.
13. "Venus (Chione) excavata" Carpenter 99

Young, Chione undatella Sowerby; X 2. Holotype, British Mus., (Nat. Hist.)
61.5.20.104. Photo Crown copyright reserve.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMEB, PL. 11

— 4',>

1%-.. ■■■■■ -^/^rr -",-■■ ■// \'\.

PROTOTHACA, PSEPHIDIA, AND CHI ONE

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 12

PETRI COLA AND COOPERELLA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 337

Plate \2.—PETRIC0LA AND COOPERELLA

Figure Page

1, 2. Petricola tellimyalis (Carpenter) 100

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 3-5.
3, 4, 5. Petricola tellimyalis (Carpenter) 100

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15554. Length, 2.5 mm.; height, 2 mm.
6, 7. Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter) 101

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 10-12.
8, 9. Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter) 101

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 13, 14.
10-12. Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter) 101

Syntype, C. scintillaeformis (Carpenter). U.S.N.M., No. 15669. Length, 16mm.;
height, 12 mm. ; thickness (double), 8 mm.
13, 14. Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter) 101

Syntype, C. scintillaeformis (Carpenter). U.S.N.M., No. 15669. Length, 7 mm.;
height, 5.5 mm. ; thickness (double)', 3-j- mm.
15, 16. Cooperella subdiaphana (Carpenter) 101

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 3563; X 8.

338 MARTXK ArOT.r.rSCA DF.SCRIREn RV p. p. CARPEXTF.R

Plate 13.— .U.4C0.UJ AND TEIJ.JNA
Figure Page

1. Macouia cxpansa Carpenter 108

Enlargement of hinge. Fig. 3.

2, 3. Macoma expanse Carpenter 108

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 3910. Right valve. Length, 39+ mm.; height, 26+
mm. ; thickness, 6 mm.

4, 7. Tellina vwdesta (Carpenter) 103

Syntype, U.S.N.AI., No. 4245. Length, 9+ mm.; height, 5.5+ mm.

5, 6. Tellina vwdesta (Carpenter) 103

Syntype, U.S.N. M., No. 4245. Length, 9+ mm. ; height, 5.5+ mm.
8, 9. Tellina vwdesta (Carpenter) 103

Enlargement of hinges of Figs. 6, 7.
10. 11. Tellina huttoni (Dall) 103

Syntype, Angulus ohtiisns Carpenter. U.S.N.M., No. 19429. Length, 8 mm. ;
height, 4.5 mm.; thickness (1 valve), 1+ mm.
12, 13. Tellina carpenteri Dall 104

Syntype, Angulus varieyatns Carpenter. U.S.N.M., No. 15467. Length, 9+
mm. ; height, 5+ mm.
14, 15. Tellina carpenteri Dall .' 104

Enlargement of hinge of Figs. 12, 13.
16. Tellina carpenteri Dall 104

Syntype, Angulus 7<ariegatus Carpenter. U.S.N.M., No. 15467. Length, 18 mm.;
height, 10 mm.; thickness, 2.5 mm.
17-19. Tellina salmonea (Carpenter) 105

"Neotype," U.S.N.M., No. 73449; X 3.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 13

/''^

MACOMA AND T ELLIN A

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 14

DARINA, MACOMA, APOLYMETIS, CREPIDULA. AND SEMELE

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 339

Plate 14.— DARIN A, MACOMA, APOLYMETIS, CREPIDULA, AND SEMELE
Figure Page

1, lA. Darina declivis Carpenter 115

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 101. Length, 45 mm.; height, 20 mm.

2, Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter 108

Enlargement of hinge of Fig. 4.

3, 4. Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter 108

"Neotype," U.S.N.M., No. 4507. Length, 12 mm., height, 10 mm.; thickness,
2 mm.

5. Apolymetis biangulata (Carpenter) 107

Holotype, British AIus. (Nat. Hist.), 61.5.20.117. Photo Crown copyright re-
serve, neg. 6170. "Santa Barbara N. Calif."; X 2.

6. Crcpidula onyx Sowerby 201

Holotype, "C. rugosa (Nuttall MS.) Cpr. B.M. 61.5.20.61. Col. Nuttall" ; X 1.

7-10. ScincJe incongrua Carpenter 110

Specimen, Univ. California, No. 33453. Figs. 7, 10, right valve, length, 14.25-|-
mm. ; height, 10-|- mm. ; Figs. 8, 9, left valve, length, 14 mm. ; height, 9-|- mm.

340 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 15.—GARI, SPHENIA, AND CORBULA
Figure Page

1, 2. Gari regularis (Carpenter) 113

Enlargement of hinge of Figs. 5, 6.
3, 4-6. Gari regularis (Carpenter) 113

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 19407. Length, 27 mm.; height, 14 mm.; thickness,
7 mm.
7-10. Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter 116

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4552. Length, 9 mm.; height, 4 mm.
13-16. Corbxila luteola Carpenter 117

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 14897. Length, 9 mm. ; height, 6.5 mm. ; thickness
(doul)le), 3 mm.
17, 18. Corbnla liiteola Carpenter 117

Enlargement of hinge of Eigs. 13, 16.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 15

GARI, SPHENIA, AND CORBULA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 16

MACOMA, PSAMMOBIA, CALLOPOMA, AND GARI

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 341

Plate 16.— MACOM A. PSAMMOBIA. CALLOPOMA, AND GARI
Figure Page

1, 2. Macotna hidentata Carpenter 109

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15229. Length, 55 mm.; height, 35 mm.; thickness,
7 mm.

3. "Psanimobia rxihroradiata Nuttall" 112

"CaHfornia (Xeiah Bay)." AIus. Cuming. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
1950.8.24.1 ; X 2. Photo Crown copyright reserve, neg. 4695.

4, 5. "Psanimobia rubroradiata Nuttall" 112

Same as Fig. 3 ; 3. Photo Crown copyright reserve, neg. 4696.

6. Callopoma fliictosus (Wood) 148

Holotype, "C fluctiiatnm var. depressum Cpr. B. M. 1952.1.10.1." Photo from
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) ; Mus. Cuming; X 1-

7. Gari californica (Conrad) 112

Lectotype, Sanguinolaria rubroradiata "Conrad" Cpr. Coll. Nuttall, British
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 61.5.20.88. California; X 2. Photo Crown copyright re-
serve, neg. 6172.

342 ^^.\RTXE mollusca nESCRiRF.n by p. p. carpenter

Plate 17.—DENTAUUM, SOLARIELLA, MARGARITES, CALLIOSTOMA,
CIDARINA AND ACMAEA

Figure Page

I, 2. Dcntalium rectius Carpenter 118

Holotype, U.S.N.M, No. 5283. Length, 18 mm.
3, 4. Solariella peramahilis Carpenter 138

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16281 ; X 3.
5, 6. Margarites parcipictus (Carpenter) 134

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 31114; X 8.
7, 8. Calliostoma gemnmlatum Carpenter 139

U.S.N.M., No. 16261. Length, 9 mm.; greatest diameter, 8 mm.
9, 10. Calliostoma variegatum Carpenter 141

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. "4201?". Length, 6 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm..

II, 12. Calliostoma splendens Carpenter 140

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 16278. Length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.

13. Cidarina cidaris (Carpenter) 137

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15600; X 2.

14, 15. Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter 140

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14925. Length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter, 7 mm.
16, 17. Margarites lirulatus suhelcvatus (Carpenter) 133

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15537. Length, 3 mm.; greatest diameter, 3± mm.
18, 19. Margarites liritlatxis obsoletus (Carpenter) 133

Syntype, U.S.N.AL, No. 15537e; X 8.
20, 21. Margarites lirulatus (Carpenter) 132

Syntype, L'.S.N.AL, No. 4191. Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 4 mm.
22, 23. Margarites laciiiiatus (Carpenter) 129

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15535b. Length, 2-\- mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm.
24, 25. .iemaea juniculata (Carpenter) 123

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14799; X 8-

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 17

DENTALIUM, SOLARIELLA, MARGARITES, CALLIOSTOMA, CIDARINA, AND ACMAEA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 18

LITTORINA, LACUNA, PHASIANELLA, MARGARITES, ACMAEA, LEPETA.
PUNCTURELLA, AND FISSURELLA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 343

Plate \S.—LITT0RINA, LACUNA, PHASIANELLA. MARGARITES, ACMAEA.
LEPETA, PUNCTURELLA, AND FISSURELLA

Figure Page

I, 2. Littorina subrotmidata (Carpenter) 159

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15586. Length, 7 mm. ; greatest diameter, 5 mm.
3, 4. Lacuna solidula compacta Carpenter 155

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15530b. Length, 6 mm. ; greatest diameter, 4 mm.
5, 6. Phasianella compta punctulata Carpenter 151

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 11288; X 8.
7, 8. "Littorina {? Algamorda) castanea" Carpenter 158

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16290. Length, 5+ mm.; greatest diameter, 3.5± mm.
9, 10. Margarites inflatulus Dall 131

Holotype, M. inflata Cpr., U.S.N.M., No. 4494. Length, 5 mm. ; greatest dia-
meter, 5 mm.

II, 12. "Acmaea niitra tenuisculpta Dall' 124

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15490; X 2.

13. "Acmaea mitra tenuisculpta Dall"' 124

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15490; X 2.

14, 15. Lepeta caecoides Carpenter 128

Holoype, U.S.N.M., No. 11849. Length, 11.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 10 mm.;

height, 6 mm.

16, 17. Punctiirella cooperi Carpenter 120

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 11848. Length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.;

height, 6 mm.

18. Acmaea triangularis (Carpenter) 126

Syntype, "Nacella casta Cpr.," Redpath Mur., No. 2370. Length, 13 mm. ; great-
est diameter, 12 mm.; height, 4 mm.

19. Fissurella volcano Reeve 121

Type ? British Museum (Nat. Hist.), No. 61.5.18.16, Col. Nuttall, of F.
ornata Nuttall, MS. "U. Calif." (Nuttall label). "The specimen marked No.
1 in pencil by Carpenter Volcano. Rve;" X 1.

344 MARIXE MOLLl'SCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 19.— TEGULA, CVrifNlA. IIAUSTYLUS, TEINOSTOMA, LIOTIA, ARENE,
HOMALOPOMA, ASTRAEA, LACUNA. AND PHASIANELLA

Figure Page

1, 2. Tegula funebralis subaperta (Carpenter) 142

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 123496. Fig. 2, operculum. Length, 29 mm. ; greatest
diameter, 28 mm.

3, 3A. Cythnia albida Carpenter 197

Holotype, U.S.N. M., No. 15569. Length, 1± mm.; greatest diameter, .75±
mm.

4, Halistylus pupoidcus (Carpenter) 142

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 14824. Length, 5.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2+ mm.

5, 5A. Cythnia astcriaphila Carpenter 197

Holotype, U.S.N.M., 13746; Fig. 5A, X 15. Cape San Lucas, Lower California.

6, 7. Teinostoma supravallatimi (Carpenter) 144

Holotyix', U.S.N.M., No. 15574. Length, 1+ mm.; greatest diameter, 1± mm.
8, 9. Teinostoma invallatum (Carpenter) 144

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15574b. Length, 1 mm.; greatest diameter, l± mm.
10, 11. Liotia fenestrata Carpenter 145

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16283. Length, 1.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 3+ mm.
12, 13. Arene acuticostata (Carpenter) 146

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16282. Length, 3 mm.; greatest diameter, 2+ mm.
14, 15. Honialopoma baculiim (Carpenter) 147

Holotype, U.S.N. M., No. 16284. Length, 25± mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm.
16, 17. Astraea undosa (Wood). Young 149

Holotype, Imperator scrratiis Cpr. U.S.N. M., No. 11832. Length, 4 mm.; great-
est diameter, 6 mm.
18, 19. Lacuna porrecta Carpenter 154

Paratype, U.S.N.M., No. 15549b. Length, 10 mm.; greatest diameter, 9+ mm.
20, 21. Phasianella substriata Carpenter 150

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 11829. Length, 2.25±: mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm.
22, 23. Lacuna porrecta exaequata Carpenter 154

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15532. Length, 13 mm.; greatest diameter, 10 mm.
24, 25. Lacuna porrecta cffusa Carpenter 155

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15533. Length, 16 mm.; greatest diameter, 11 mm.
26, 27. Lacuna unifasciafa Carpenter 156

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 16257. Length, 5 mm., greatest diameter, 3 mm.
28, 29. Lacuna variegata Carpenter 157

Syntype, U.S.N.AL, No. 15531. Fig. 28, length, 10 mm.; greatest diameter, 6
mm. ; iMg. 29, length, 9 mm. ; greatest diameter, 7 mm.

30. Phasianella pulloidcs Carpenter 152

Syntyi>e, U.S.N.M., No. 14814. Length, 4.5 nun.; greatest diameter, 3 mm.

31. Phasianella pulloides clatior Carpenter 153

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 16287. Length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 2.5 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 19

TEGULA, CYTHNIA, HALISTYLUS, TEINOSTOMA, LIOTIA, ARENE, HOMALOPOMA.
ASTRAEA, LACUNA, AND PHASIANELLA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 20

..■M/;.. 26

BARLEEIA, TACHYRHYNCHUS, TURRITELLA, CAECUM, MICRANELLUM, ALABINA,
PETALOCONCHUS, ALVANIA, CERITHIDEA, DIASTOMA, OPALIA, AND EPITONIUM

EXPLAXATIOX OF PLATES 345

Plate 20.— BARLEEIA, TACHVRHVNCHUS, TURRIT ELLA, CAECUM,

MICRANELLUM, ALABINA, PETALOCONCHUS, ALBANIA, CERITHIDEA,

DIASTOMA, OPALIA, AND EPITONIUM

Figure Page

1-3. Barleeia sjibtentiis Carpenter 165

U.S.N.M., No. 32363; X 15.

4. Barleeia subtenuis rimata Carpenter 166

L'.S.N.M., No. 23734. Length, 2.5± mm.; greatest diameter, 1.25 mm.

5. Tachyrhynchus lacteolum (Carpenter) 170

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4195. Length, 10.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 4 mm.

6. Tachyrhyyichus lacteolum siibplanatxivi Carpenter 171

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4195b. Length, 13 mm. ; greatest diameter, 5 mm.

7. Tiirritella coopcri Carpenter 168

Copy of original drawing of Cooper. Cpr. MS., Redpath Museum.

8. 9. Caecum californiciDu Dall 173

Syntypes, C. cooperi Cpr., U.S.N.M., No. 15719. Fig. 8, length, 2 mm. ; Fig. 9,

length, 1.75 mm.

10, 11, 11 A. Micranellum crebricinctum (Carpenter) 174

Syntypes, U.S.N. M.. No. 14930. Fig. 10, X 6. Fig. 10, lOA, same specimen;

Fig. 11, X 14.

12. Alabina turrita (Carpenter) 181

Holotype, L'.S.N.M., No. 15566. Length, 1.5 mm.; greatest diameter, .75± mm.

13, 14. Alabina teniiisculpta (Carpenter) 181

Holotype, L'.S.N.M., No. 14933. Length, 6.25 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

15. Petaloconchus compactus (Carpenter) 172

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 13580; X 1.

16, 17. Alvania compacta (Carpenter) 162

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 4338. Fig. 17, X 6. Fig. 16, 17, same specimen.

18A, B, C, D, E. Alvania compacta (Carpenter) 162

Syntypes, U.S.N.M., No. 4338. Figs. 18A, C, E. X 6. Fig. 18, 18A, same speci-
men; Figs. 18C, 18B, same specimen; Figs. 18D, 18E, same specimen.

19. Ccrithidea hegezvischii albonodosa Carpenter 175

Lectotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 1950. 11.9.2; X 3. Photo Crown copyright
reserve, neg. 5166.

20, 21. Diastoma fastigiatum (Carpenter) 183

L^S.N.M., No. 16256. Fig. 22, length, 6 mm.; Fig. 23, 4 mm.; Fig. 22, greatest
diameter, 1.5± mm.; Fig. 23, 1±: mm.

22. Opalia cricta de Boury 190

Syntype, Opalia borealis var. pluricustata Cpr. ms. Dall; U.S.N.M., No. 23397;
X 2.

23. Epitonium i)idianornm (Carpenter) 186

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15521. Length, 21 mm.; greatest diameter, 9 mm.

24. Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter) 186

Paratype, U.S.N.M., No. 15521. Length, 21 mm.; greatest diameter, 9 mm.

25. 26. Epitonium bellistriatum (Carpenter) 189

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14831b. Length, 9 mm.; greatest diameter, 7 mm.

27, 28. "Epitonium crebricostatuvt" (Carpenter) 184

U.S.N.M., No. 14831. Length, 9 mm.; greatest diameter, 4.5 mm.

346 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 2\.—HIPP0NIX, VELUTINA, ODOSTOMIA, TEREBRA, CALYPTRAEA.
ISELICA, AND TURBONILLA

Figure Page

1-3. Hipponix tumens Carpenter 199

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 14929. See text for dimensions.
4-6. Hipponix antiqtiatus cranioides Carpenter — . 200

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 15508. Length, 23 mm.; greatest diameter, 20 mm.;
height, 9 mm.
7, 8. Vehdina prolongata Carpenter 202

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 11842. See text for measurements.
9, 10. Odostomia tenuisculpta Carpenter 247

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15520; X 6. Fig. 10, enlargement of Fig. 9.
11, 12. Terebra "philippiana" Dall 224

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4943. Length, 25 mm.; greatest diameter, 7 mm.
13, 14. Calyptraea contorta (Carpenter) 201

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 11846. Greatest diameter, 7 mm.; height, 3 mm.
15, 16. Isclica fenesfrafa Carpenter 197

Syntype, U.S.N.M., Nos. 15772, 15775. Length, 5+ mm.; greatest diameter,
3 mm.
17, 18. Iselica ohtma (Carpenter) 198

Syntype, U.S.N.M., No. 14814. Length, 5.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 4 mm.

19. Turbonilla tridentata (Carpenter) 256

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15315b X 2.

20. Turbonilla tenuicula (Gould) 253

Holotype, Chemnitcia crebrifilata Carpenter. Redpath Mus., No. 2363. Length,
6-}- mm. ; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

LIBRARY

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 21

HIPPOSIX., VELUTINA, ODOSTOMIA, TEREBRA, CALYPTRAEA, ISELICA.
AND TURBONILLA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 22

OPALIA, BARLEEIA, BITTIUM, EPITONIUM. ALVANIA, DIALA, AND TURBONILLA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 347

Plate 22.— OPALIA, BARLERIA, BITTIUM, EPITONIUM, ALVANIA, DIALA,

AND TURBONILLA

Figure Pa^e

1-3. Opalia spongiosa Carpenter 193

Holotype, O. spongiosa Cpr., U.S.N.M., No. 14830. Length, 9.5 mm.; greatest
diameter, 3 mm.

4, 5. Opalia insculpta Carpenter 191

Holotype, Paleontological Lab., Cornell University, No. 4950. Length, 14 mm.,
greatest diameter, 7 mm.

6. Opalia spongiosa Carpenter 192, 193

Holotype, O. bullata Carpenter. Redpath Mus., No. 76. Length, 8.5 mm. ; great-
est diameter, 2-|- mm.

7, 8. Opalia spongiosa Carpenter 193

Holotype, O. refiporosa Cpr., U.S.N.M., No. 11843. Length, 7 mm.; greatest
diameter, 2.75 mm.

9. Barlecia marmorea (Carpenter) 164

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14821. Length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

10. Bittium armillatum (Carpenter) 176

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 4851. Length, 11 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm.

11. "Epitonium crebricostatum (Carpenter)" 184

British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), No. "B.M. 1950.3.29.1 Mus. Cuming"; X 10. Photo
Crown copyright reserve.

12. 13. Epitonium subcoronatum (Carpenter) 187

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14830b (15732). Length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter,
4 mm.

14. Alvania acuteliraia (Carpenter) 161

Holotype, Mus. Paleontology, Univ. California, No. 15572. Length, 2.42 mm.

15. Diala acuta Carpenter 166

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 390. Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

16 Turbonilla stylina (Carpenter) 257

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 5729. Length, 6 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

348 MARINE MOLLTJSCA DESCRIBED BY P. V. CARPENTER

Plate 23.—OCENEBRA, ANACHIS, AESOPUS, AND AMPHISSA
Figure Page

1. Ocenebra interfossa Carpenter 202

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4636. Length, 20+ mm. ; 10 mm., greatest diameter.

2, 3, 3A, 13. Ocenebra interfossa atropurpurea Carpenter 203

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15528b. Figs. 2, 3A, X 2. Figs. 3, enlarged Fig. 2;
Fig. 13, enlarged Fig. 3 A.

4. Anachis penicillata Carpenter 211

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15576. Length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

5, 6. Anachis penicillata Carpenter 211

Paratype, U.S.N.M., No. 15576. Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.5 mm.

7, 8. Anachis subturrita Carpenter 212

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 14952. Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 1+ mm.

9-12. Ocenebra tenuisculpta (Carpenter) 207

Syntypes, Paleontological Laboratory, Cornell University, No. 4951. See text
for dimensions.

14-17. Aesopus eurytoides (Carpenter) 213

Syntypes, U.S.N.M., No. 4148. See text for dimensions. Figs. 14, 17, enlarge-
ments of Figs. 15, 16.

18-20. Aesop^us chrysalloides (Carpenter) 213

Syntypes, U.S.N.M., No. 14953. Length, 10 mm. ; greatest diameter, 4 mm.
Figs. 18, 20, enlargements of Figs. 19, 21.

21, 22. Amphissa undata (Carpenter) 211

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 23284. Length, 10 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 23

OCENEBRA, ANACHIS, AESOPUS, AND AMPHISSA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 24

KELLETIA, OLIVELLA. CYSTISCUS, GIBBERULINA. AND ADMETE

EXPLANATTOX OF PLATES 349

Plate. 24.— KELLETIA, OLIVELLA, CYSTISCUS. GIBBERULINA, AND ADMETE
Figure Page

1. ? KcUetia kcllctii (Forbes) Young 216

Holotype, Siphonalia fuscotincta Cpr. Redpath Mus., No. 3138. Length, 5 mm.

2, 3. Olivella baetica Marrat i>i Sowerby 217

Fig. 2, copy original Tlies. Conch., IV, Fig. 409; Fig. 3, Fig. 410.

4. C£. Olivella baetica Marrat in Sowerby :^ 217

Copy original O. nota Marrat in Sowerby, Thes. Conch., IV', JMg. 428. Length,
14 mm.

5. Olivella intorta Carpenter 219

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 1950.11.9.2; X 3. Photo Crown copyright
reserve, neg. 5167.

6. 7. Olivella baetica Marrat in Sowerby 217

Gould Coll., No. 146350, Catalogue No. 24, New York State Mus. Length,
17 mm.; greatest diameter, 8± mm.

8. Olivella baetica Marrat in Sowerby 217

Gould Coll., No. 146350, Catalogue No. 24, New York State Mus. Length,
18 mm. ; greatest diameter, 8 mm.

9, 10. Cystiscus rcgnlaris (Carpenter) 222

Paratypes, Redpath Mus., No. 82. Length, 11 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.

II, 12. Cystiscus rcgnlaris (Carpenter) 222

Lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 55391. Length, 3.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 2+ mm.

13, 14. Gibbcndina pyrifor>nis (Carpenter) 220

Lectotype, Fig. 13, U.S.N.M., No. 14950; length, 2.5 mm.; greatest diameter,
1.5 mm. Paratype, Fig. 14, length, 1 mm.; greatest diameter, .5± mm.

15, 16. Gibberulina pyrijormis (Carpenter) 220

Paratypes, Redpath Mus., No. 83. Fig. 15, length, 3 mm. ; greatest diameter,
2 mm., Fig. 16, length, 3 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

17, 18. Aihnctc modesta (Carpenter) 224

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16238. Length, 16 mm.; greatest diameter, 8 mm.

19-21. Cystiscus jczvcttii (Carpenter) 221

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 80. Figs. 19, 21, same specimen. Figs. 19, 21,
length, 6 mm.; Fig. 20, 5 mm.; Figs. 19, 21, greatest diameter, 4 mm.; Fig.
20, 3 mm.

350 MARINE MOLLITSCA DESCRTRED RY R. R. CARRENTER

Plate 2S.—V0LVULELLA, MITROMORPHA, PROPEBELA. MANGELIA,
WILLIAMIA, CYLICHNA, AND ACTEOCINA

Figure Page

1, 2. Volvulella cylindrica (Carpenter) 240

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 2364. Length, 5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

3, 4. Mitromorpha aspcra (Carpenter) 235

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 22816. Length, 5.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2 mm.

5, 6. Mitromorpha filosa (Carpenter) 237

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 96. Length, 6.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 3 mm.
Figs. 5, 6, same specimen.

7-11. Propebela tabulata (Carpenter) 234

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 89. Fig. 7, length, 11 mm.; greatest diameter,
5 mm.; Fig. 9, length, 13 mm.; greatest diameter, 5+ mm.; Fig. 11, length,
12 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.

12. Mangelia variegata Carpenter 231

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 92. Length, 7 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2.5 mm.

13, 14. Mangelia barbarensis Oldroyd 228

M. angulata Cpr., syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 90. Fig. 13, length, 8 mm. ;
greatest diameter, 3.75 mm.; Fig. 14, length, 6 mm. ; greatest diameter, 3 mm.

15, 16. Willia>nia peltoides (Carpenter) 259

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 1156. Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 3.5 mm.;
height, 2 mm.

17, 18. Cylichna attonsa Carpenter 242

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4495. Length, 10 mm.; greatest diameter, 4 mm.

19. Actcocina planata (Carpenter) 242

Holotype, Mus. Paleontology, Univ. California, No. 33501 ; X 18. Margin of
labrum broken.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 25

3

.^-:4h

,7

yOLVULELLA, MITROMORPHA, PROPEBELA, MANGE LI A, WILLI AMI A, CYLICHNA,

AND ACTEOCINA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 26

CYSTISCUS, ADMETE, OCENEBRA, AND MITRELLA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 351

Plate 26.— CYSTISCUS, ADMETE, OCENEBRA, AND MITRELLA
Figure Page

1, 2. Cystiscus jezuettii (Carpenter) 221

Gould Coll., A4268, New York State Mus. Length, 5 mm. ; greatest diameter,
3+ mm.

3-4. Cystiscus suhtrigona (Carpenter) 222

Holotype. Figs. 3, 4, same specimen ; length, 3.5 mm. ; greatest diameter, 2.5
mm.; Fig. 5, "paratype" [not same species], length, 4 mm.; greatest diam-
eter, 3 mm. Redpath Mus., No. 81.

6, 7. Admete gracilior (Carpenter) 223

Holotype, Mus. Paleontology, Univ. California, No. 15530. Fig. 6, length, 8.8
mm. ; greatest diameter, 4.5 mm., Fig. 7, paratype, length, 7.5 mm. ; greatest
diameter, 3.8 mm.

8. Ocenebra poulsoni (Carpenter) 205

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 61.5.18.22 "U. California"; X 2. Photo
Crown copyright reserved.

9-12. Mitrella tubcrosa (Carpenter) 210

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 7Z. Fig. 9, length, 9 mm.; Fig. 11, length, 8 mm.;
Fig. 12, length, 9 mm.; Fig. 11, greatest diameter, 3 mm.; Fig. 12, greatest
diameter, 4-)- mm.

352 MARINE MOLLUSC A DESCRIBED BY T. P. CARPENTER

Plate 27.—ATYS, MANGELIA, PALLOCHITON, CYANOPLAX, AND MOPALIA
Figure Page

1-4. Atys casta (Carpenter) 239

Figs. 3, 4 (same), lectotype, U.S.N.M., No. 4014; length, 9 mm.; greatest
diameter, 4 mm. ; Figs. 1, 2 (same), paratype, same no., length, 2 mm. ; great-
est diameter, 1.5 mm.

5, 6. Mangclia interfossa Carpenter 230

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 94. Fig. 15, length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter,
3.5 mm.; Fig. 16, length, 7 mm.; greatest diameter, 2.5 mm.

7. Pallochiton lanitginostis "Dall" 268

"Syntype," Redpath Mus., No. 66. Length, 30 mm.; width, 17 mm.

8-10. Cyanoplax hartzvegii (Carpenter) 264

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 68. Length, 15.4-f- (attached plates) ; width, 10.3
mm.

11. Cyanoplax hartwcgii mittalli (Carpenter) 264

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), No. 61.5.20.102. Photo Crown copyright
reserve, neg. 6171 ; X 3.

12. Mopalia lignosa (Gould) 281

Holotype of C. montereyensis Carpenter. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 1951. 9-7.-
1-5. Photo Crown copyright reserve, neg. 6747; X 1.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMEE, PL. 27

ATYS, MANGELIA, PALLOCIIITON, CYANOPLAX, AND MOPALIA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 28

MANGELIA, LEPTOCIIITON, CYANOPLAX, AND NUTTALINA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 353

L

Plate 28.—MANGELIA, LEPTOCHITON, CYANOPLAX. AND NUTTALINA

Figure Page

1, lA. Mangelia nitens Carpenter 231

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 93. Fig. 1, length, 6.5 mm.; greatest diameter,
2 mm.; Fig. lA, 6.5 mm., length; greatest diameter, 2.5 mm.

2. Leptochiton nexus Carpenter 262

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16270. Length, 7+ mm. ; width, 4.5 mm.
3-6. Leptochiton internexus Carpenter in Pilsbry 262

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 30750. Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 3+ mm.
7. Leptochiton rugatits (Pilsbry) 263

U.S.N.M., No. 30739 so labelled but not type. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 7 mm.;
greatest convexity, 3 mm. See enlargement (PI. 35, fig. 3).
8-15. Cyanoplax hartzvegii (Carpenter) 264

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 68. Enlarged.
16-19. Nuttaiina flu.va (Carpenter) 265

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 15690b. Length, 15 mm.; width, 10 mm.; greatest
height of curvature, 3 mm.

^

|Uj I LIBRARY

354 MARIXE AfOI.T.T'SCA DESCRTRED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 29.— CHAETOPLFMRA AND ISCHNOCHITON
Figure Page

1-4. Chactoplcxira gemma "Dall" Pilsbry 266

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 49, Fig. 2, length, 12.5 mm.; width, 7 mm.
5-8. Ischnochiton corrugatus Carpenter in Pilsbry 271

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 37. Length, 22 mm. ± ; width, 5.5 mm.
9-14. Jschnochiton veredentiens Carpenter 269

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16259. Width (plates), 3.5 mm. to 4 mm.
15. Ischnochiton fallax Carpenter in Pilsbry 271

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 64. Length, 44.7 mm. ; width, 27 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 29

CHAETOPLEURA AND ISCHNOCHITON

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 30

ISCIIXOCIIITON AND CIIAETOPLEURA

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 355

Plate 30.—ISCHNOCHITON AND CHAETOPLEURA
Figure Page

1-5. Ischnochiton nezvcomhi Carpenter in Pilsbry „ 269

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 19. Length, 10 mm.; width, 7 mm,

6. Chaetopleura gemma "Dall" Pilsbry 266

Specimen with Figs. 1-5, Redpath Mus., No. 19.

7. Ischnochiton retiporosus Carpenter 275

Holotype, /. subexpressus Cpr. ms., Redpath Mus., No. 28. Length, 8.5 mm. ;
width, 5.7 mm.

8. 9. Ischnochiton sinudentatus Carpenter in Pilsbry 276

Syntypes, Redpath Mus., No. 27. Fig. 8, length, 10.7 mm. ; width, 6.8 mm. Fig.
9, photographed in different position to show longitudinal sculpture.
10-12. Ischnochiton scabricostatus (Carpenter) 269

Holotype, U.S.N.M., No. 16268. Length, 6 mm.; width, 4.5 mm.
13. Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilsbry 274

Lectotype, Redpath Mus., No. 25. Length, 18 mm. ; width, 8.5 mm.

356 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 3\.—ISCHN0CHIT0N AND MOP ALIA
Figure Page

1-4. Ischnochiton aurcotinctus Carpenter in Pilshry 272

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 26. Length, 6 mm.; width, 4 mm.

5, 6. Ischnochiton califoniicnsis Berry 272

"Syntype, /. pectinatus Cpr." Redpatli Mus., No. 70. Length, 25 mm. ; width,
10 mm.

7. Ischnochiton regularis (Carpenter) 276

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), No. 1950. 11.9.1. Photo Crown copyright
reserve, neg. 5165 ; X 2.

8, 9. Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilshry 274

Paratype, U.S.N.M., No. 19471. Width, 7 mm.
10-17. Ischnochiton radians Carpenter in Pilshry 274

Paratype, Redpath Mus., No. 25. Enlarged about X 4.
18. Mopalia acuta (Carpenter) 280

Holotype, British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), "B. M. 61.5.20.103. Coll. Nuttall." Photo,
British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) ; X 2. Santa Barbara.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 31

ISCHNOCHITON AND MOPALIA

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 32

CALLlSroCIIITOS, MOPALIA, DEXDROCIIITOS, ACASTUOCIIITOSA, AND ISCIIXOCHITON

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 357

Plate 32.—CALLISTOCHITON, MOPALIA, DENDROCHITON. ACANTHO-
CHITONA, AND ISCHNOCHITON

Figure Page

1. CaUistochiton pahnulatus Carpenter in Pilsbry 279

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 48. Length, 8 mm. ; width, 7 mm. Specimen with
3 plates separated.

2. Mopalia imporcata Carpenter 281

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 57. Six plates. Length, 18 mm.; width, 5 mm. Six
separate plates.

3. Dendrochiton gothicus (Carpenter) 284

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 13. Length, 4 mm. ; width, 2 mm. Encrusted with
Bryozoa.

4. Acanthochitona avicula (Carpenter) 286

Holotype, Redpath Mus., No. 72. Length, 5 mm. ; width, 2 mm.

5. Ischnochiton serratus Carpenter 275

Paratype, Redpath Mus., No. 98. Length, 8 mm. ; width, 7 mm.

6. Mopalia acuta (Carpenter) 280

Holotype, M. "filosa" Cpr. MS. =. M. fissa Cpr. in Pilsbry, Redpath Mus., No.
9. Length, 10.8 mm. ; width, 9.6 mm.

358 MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 33.~ISCHN0CHIT0N. MOP ALIA, BASILIOCHITON ,
AND CALLISTOCHITON

Figure Pa fie

1-5. Ischnochiton sinudentatus Carpenter in Pilsbry 276

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 27. Figs. 1, 2, same specimen photographed in dif-
ferent positions to bring out different details, length, 14 mm. Figs. 4-6, free
plates.

6-13. Mopalia sinuata Carpenter 282

Syntype, Redpath Mus., No. 58. Length, 23 mm.; width, 6.5 mm. (length of
series of plates, not intact).

14. Basiliochiton heathii (Pilsbry) 284

Holotype, A.N.S.P., No. 71902. Type species. Length, 25 mm.; width, 12 mm.

15-21. Callistochiton decoratus Pilsbry 278

Redpath Mus., No. 50. Fig. 21, length, 25 mm.; width, 13 mm.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 33

ISCHNOCHITON, MOPALIA, BASILIOCIIITON. AND CALLISTOCHJTON

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 34

ISCIfXOCIIITON COOPERI

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 359

Plate 34.—ISCHNOCHITON COOPERI
Figure Page

1-6. Ischnochiton cooperi "Dall," Pilsbry 274

/. cooperi aciitior Cpr. MS. Redpath Mus., No. 8. Figs. 1-5, "types." See text.
Fig. 5, length, 20 mm.; width, 11.5 mm. Fig. 6, "type," Redpath Mus., No.
18, Todos Santos Bay, Hemphill.

360 MARINE MOLLUSC A DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER

Plate 35.—ISCH.WOCHITON AND LEPTOCHITON
Figure Page

1, 2. Ischnochiton conspicuus "(Dall)", Pilsbry 270

"Syntype," Redpath Mus., No. 65. Length, 95 mm. : width, 48 mm. Fig. 2 is a
plate of La Paz specimen.

3. Lcptochiton rugatus (Pilsbry) 263

Enlargement of Figure 7 of Plate 28.

4, 5. Ischnochiton rctiporosus (Carpenter) 275

Holotyi>e, U.S.N.M., No. 4499; X 3. Fig. 5, enlargement of Fig. 4.

GEOL. SOC. AM., MEMOIR 76

PALMER, PL. 35

ISCHNOCHITON AND LEPTOCHITON

INDEX*

Acantliochiton, 286

acanthodes, Pecten, 72

aclis, Obeliscus, 243

Acmaca, 122

Acme, 122

acrior, Ischnochiton, 19, 30, 46, 52, 270

acrior, Stcnoplax, 270

Acteocina, 241

Acteon, 237

acnlca, Cytharclla, 46, 227

acuminata. Volvula, 240

acuta, Diala, 17, 23, 29, 40, 50, 166, 22

an<^(7, Mopalia, 20, 31. 32, 43, 52, 280

aciitelirata, Alvania, 20, 29, 39, 49, 161, 22

acntclirata, Rissoa, 16, 20, 161

acuticostata, Arcne, 22, 29, 39, 49, 146, 19

acHficostata, Liotia, 22, 29, 146

acuticostata, Lirularia, 130

acuticostata, Margarita, 16, 22, 33

acuticostatus, Margarites, 30, 38, 49, iJO

"acutior," Iscliuochiton, 46, 27'^, 34

arj/<i<j, C/mVo«, 20, 280, 281

Adams, C. B., 13, 31

Adams, H., 4, 12

adamsi. Bulla, 2>2

adamsi, Longchaeus, 243

adamsi, Pyramidella, 45, 243

Adamsii, Obeliscus, 243

Adclaidis, Rhiaorus, 240

Admete, 223

Adula, 74

adunca, Leiomya, 79

acquisculpta, Alvania, 5, 45, 161

aequisculpta, Evalea, 248

acquisculpta, Mcncstho, 248

acquisculpta, Odostoynia, 44, 248

acquisculpta, Oscilla, 248

aequisculpta, Rissoa, 45

aequisulcatus. Pecten, 19, 71

Aesopus, 213

Agathotoma. 227

Alabina. 181

alba, Balcis, 194

alha, Fissurella, 32

alba. Lutricola, 43, 54, 107

albida, Cithna, 197

albida, Cvthna, 17

albida. Cythnia, 22, 39, 50, 197, 19

Albocincta, Terebra, 225

albocincta, Myurella, 33

albocinctatum, Striotcrcbrum, 225

albonodosa, Cerithidea. 175, 20

albulus, Menestho, 248

albulus. Turbo. 248

o/bMj, Cft)7oi!, 261, 262

albus. Strombiformis, 194

Alcock, F. L., 229

Alder. J., 12

aldcri, Barleeia, 45, 26-/

Alderi, Jeffrevsia, 45, 164

^/r?r^, 53, 172

Algamorda. 158

Alicula. 239

Aliculastrum, 239

Aloides. 116

alpha. Ocenebra. 46

fl/?a, Lutricola. 45. 54, 107

a//a, ;l/£'/rj-, 26, 107

alta, Tellina, 107

alterum. Caecum, 174

altcrum, Micranclhim, 174

Alvania, 161

Amalthea, 199

Amura, 248

ambustus, Lepidopleurus, 262

Amiantis, 53, 92

Amphincura, 261

Amphissa, 211

Amphithalamus, 53, 55, i59

Anachis, 211

ancularia, Buccinum, 214

Andrew, R. M., 12

Anellum, 53

Angas, G. F., 88

Angasia, 53

angulata, Mangelia, 19, 21, 27, 228

Angulus, 105

angnstifrons, "Venus," 95

anomala, Isapis, 197

anomala, Iselica, 197

anomala, Mvsclla, 88

Anthony, J. G., 10

Antimitra, 235

antiquatus cranioides, Hipponix, 24, 29, 41, 50.

200, 21
antiquatus, Hipponyx, 200
antiquatus. Tar as, 85
aperture, Diodora, 120
apcrtura. Patella, 120
Aphrodita, 90
Apolymetis, 106
aratus, Saxidomus, 99
Archer, F.. 12
arcularia, Buccinum, 214
arcularia, Nassarius, 214

arenosa, Pandorclla, 76

armata, Parthenia, 56

armillatum, Bittium, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 40, 50,

176
arragonites, Acanthochiles, 286
Arthuria, 53, 280
asellus. Chiton, 261
asellus, Lepidopleurus, 262
aspecta, Minolia, 138
Aspcriscala. 189

aspera, ? Daphnella, 18, 24, 32, 235
aspcra, Mangelia, 24, 235

aj/'^m, Mitromorpha. 25, 27, 42, 51, 230, 255
asperum, Bittium, 178, 179
Assiminea. 137, i67
Astarte, 80

astcriaphila, Cythnia, 56
astcrophila, Cythnia, 197
Asthenothaerus, 53, 75
Astraea, 149

aterrima melchersi. Drillta, 32
atlanfica. Coopcrclla. 101
atrata, Acmaca. 29, 44, 222
atrata, Collisclla, 122
atropurpurea, Ocenebra, 203, 23
atropurpurea, Ocinebra, 18
attemiatum, Bittium. \S, 23, 28, 40, 50, i7(5
atfetntatum. Scmibittium, 176
attonsa. Cylichna. 17, 24. 27. 42. 51, 2'f2, 25
attonsa. Cvlichnclla, 27, 242
/ff.v.f, 259

augusta, Agathotoma, 227
augusta, Mangelia, 227

* Italicized page numbers refer to the page of discussion, bold face numbers following page
numbers refer to the plate number.

361

362

INDEX

aurmitia, Aplcxa. 32

aurautia, Clienmitsia, 2A, 254

aurantia, Lancea, 254

aurantia, P scudomclatoma, 27, 233

aurantia, Pyrgolampros, 254

aurantia, Turbonilla, 24, 41. 52, 2.v/

anrantiaca, Lacuna, 25, 157

anrcotinctus, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 43, 52, 272

aureotincfus, Lepido::ona, 21, 272, 31

australc, Bucciniim, 150

aiistralis, Phasianella, 150

ausfralis, Rochcfortia, 88

ax'ellana, Amaura, 248

avcUana, Odostomia, 15, 23, 41, 52, 248

a~'icula, Acanthochitcs, 286

avicula, Acanthochitona, 21, 31, 43, 53, 286, 32

Axinopsida. 84

Axinopsis, 84

B

bacnla, Lcptonyx, 16, 22, 147

haciila, Leptothwa, 29, 34, 147

bacuhtm, Homalopoma, 22, 29, 39, 49, iV9, 19

Baden Powell, Prof., 8

bactica. OlivcIIa, 27, 46, 217, 24

Baily, Joshua, 158

bailvi. Area, 5, 63

Baii-d, W., 12

Balcis, 194

barbarensis, Mangelia, 21, 27, 42, 51, 228, 25

barharensis, Mangilia, 228

barbarensis, Oeiucbra, 206

barhata, Barbatia, 62

Barbatia, 62

Barleeia, 163

Bartseh, P., 3, 4. 165

Bartschella, 55. 25Z

Basiliochiton, 55. 263. 25-/

basteroti, Terebra. 224

Bar of Caraccas, 61

Bean. W., 12

Bcanella, 53

Beania, 53

beanii, Chacfopleiira, 30, 52. 266

Beanii, ? Lepidopleura, 266

bcUastriata, Sealaria, 17

hellisfriata, Asperiscala, 55, 189

hellistriata, ScaJa. 189

hellistriata, Sealaria, 23, 55. 189

bcUistriatmn. Epitonium, 23, 28, 41, 50

bcrryi, Pyrgolampros, 255

bcrrvi, Turbonilla, 255

5r.f/a, 2.f.^

fcr/a. Occncbra, 46

biangnJaris, Serobienlaria, 107

biangulata, Apolymctis, 26. 45, 48, 1(?7

biangulata. Metis, 107

biangulata, Serobienlaria, 107

biearinata, Kennerlia, 17, 76

bicarinata. Pandora, 21, 37

biearinata, Sealaria, 192

hidentalis, Tellimya, 100

bifaseiata. Jeffrcysia, ?i?>

bilirata, Kennerlia, 76

bilirata. Pandora, 21, 48, 76

bilirata, Pandorella, 76

hiplieata, Olivella, 218

biradiata, Corbula, 46, 117

bistorta, Baleis, 196

Bittium. 176

Bivonia. 172

Rlainville. H.. 112

Boca del Rio Negro, Argentina. 121

Bodegas. 271

"boetiea", Olivella, 27, 218

"borealis, Opalia", 15, 190

borealis, Sealaria, 15

borealis, Solcmya, 60

borealis, Triehotropis, 224

borealis pluricostata, Opalia, 190

Boreotrophon, 207

Boyce, Mrs., 5, 18. 73

Braziliensis mutabilis, Modiola, ii

hrevis, Solen, 114

brevisiphonata, Callista, 93

brevisiphonata, Macroeallista, 46, 93

brevisiphonata, Saxidomus, 93

"Brodegas", 271

Bruguiera, J. G., 85

Brxophila, 53, 55, 56

Buck-land, W., 8

bnlinwides, Phasianella, 150

/^(///(7, 239

bnllata, Nodiseala, 192, 22

bullata, Opalia, 19, 20, 50, 192, i9^, 22

bullata, Sealaria, 192

Bullinella, 242

Bushia, 75

biitfoni, Oudardia, 103

buttoni, Tellina, 21, 26, 48, 58, iOJ

C ad u Ills, 119

eaeea, Lepta, 128

racca. Patella, 128

eaecoides, Cryptobranchia, 17, 22, 29, 38, 49,

i25, 18
eaeeoides, Lepta, 128, 18
Caeenm, 173
eaelatus, Donax, 32
ealearea, Macoma, 108
ealearca, Tellina, 108
Calieantharus, 215
ealifornianus, Tageliis, 114
ealiforniea, Gari, 20. 7 72, 16
Calif orniea, Glandinaria, 218
ealiforniea, Gobracus, 112, 16
ealiforniea, Hydrobia, 167
ealiforniea, Natiea, 46
ealiforniea, Nultallina, 266
ealifornieum, Caecum, 23, 50^ 77i, 20
Calif ornieus. Chiton, 265
ealiforniensis, Adula, 25, 7^?
ealiforniensis, Botula, 74
ealiforniensis, Ischnochiton, 30, 272, 31
ealiforniensis, Lepidocona, 272, 31
ealiforniensis, Modiola, 74
eallimorpha, Besla, 244
eallimorpha, Odostomia, 51, 24-/

Calliostoma, 139

Callistoehiton, 53, 275

Callistoplax, 53

Callithaea, 55. 96

eallomarginata, Clypidella, 45, 121

eallomarginata, LucapincUa, 30, 45, 121

Callopoma, 148

eallosa, Amiantis, 92

ealvptra. Patella, 260

Calyptraea. 201

eampanellae, Chemnitcia, 251

Canipl)ell. Com. .\., 13, 17

eaneellafa, Pelphinnla, 145

caneellata, Drillia, 18, 25, 27, 225

eaneellata, I.iofia, 145

caneellata, Moniliopsis, 225

caneellata, Ophiodermella, 25. 42, 225

caneellata, Plrurotoma, 226

eaneellatinn. Cerithium, 176

cancellatum , Semihittium, 176

Candida, Amaura, 248

Cnntharus. 21 5

Caoe San Lucas, 18

cnpensis, Cystiscus, 220

Capsa, 106

INDEX

363

Cardiomya, 78

Cardita, 82

carinata, Acteocina, 27, 241

carinata, Coleophysis, 27, 45, 51, 241

carinata, Lacuna, 153, 154, 155

carinata, Retusa, 241

carinata, Tornatina, 45, 241

Carpenter, L., 7

Carpenter, M., 7

Carpenter, W. B., 7, 8

Carpenter Collection 261

carpcntcri, Alvania, 2i, 29, 49, 162

Carpenteri, Cardiamera, 82

Carpcntcri, Cardita, 82

Carpenteri, Glans, 82

carpcntcri, Homalopoma, 29, 49, i47

carpenteri, Leptothyra, 29, 148

carpcntcri, MocrcUa, 104

"carpenteri, Phasianella," 44, i5i

carpcntcri, Rissoa, 162

carpenteri, Tellina, 26, 48, iO-/

"carpenteri, Tricolia," 151

Cassidy, A., 18

cassis monticola, Acmaca, 29, 127

casta, Acmaea, 20, 127

casta, Atys, 24, 27, 44, 51, 239, 27

caj^a. Bulla, 239

"castanca, ? Algamorda," 158, 18

castanea, Cliemnitsia, 46, 252

"castanea, Littorina," 23, 28, i55, 18

castanea, ? Paludinella, 15, 158

castanca, Pyrgiscus, 252

castanea, TurboniUa, 46, 252

castancUa, Turbonilla, 252

catalinense, Bittium, 179

catalincnse, Lirobittium, 179

catalinensis, Trophon, 208

ccciliana, Acmaca, 127

centifilosa, Kcenaea, 91

centifilosa, Protocardia, 26, 92

centifilosum, Cardiiim, 16, 21, 91

centifilosum, Laevicardium, 92

centifilosum, Nemocardium, 21, 26, 37, 48, 91

ccntrifiigus, Murex, 208

Ceratophorus, 53

Ccrato::ona, 53, 54

cercadensis, Volviila, 240

Ccrithidca, 175

cerithidioide, Alabina, 181

ccrithidioidc, Bittium, 181

Cerithiopsis, 182

Chaetoplcura, 266

Chavan, A., 85

Chcynnitzia, 251

chinensis, Calyptraea, 201

chincnsis. Patella, 201

chione, Macrocallista, 8

Chironia, 87

chironii, Kellia, 33

chishimana, Macrocallista, 46, 93

Chitoniscus, 53

Chlamys, 69

Chlorostoma, 142

cliocolata aurantia, Chemnitzia, 17, 25, 254

chocolata, Pyrgolampros, 255

cliocolata, TurboniUa, 25, 41, 52, 255

Chonechiton, 53

Choneplax, S3

Choristes, 53. 55

Chrysallida, S3, 2-;<^

chrysalloidea, ? Amycla, 17. 24, 213

chrysalloidea, Columbella, 213

chrysalloidea, Mitrella, 213

chrysaUoides, Aesopus, 24, 28, 42, 51, 27,?, 23

Cidarina. 1 37

cidaris, Cidarina, 17, 22, 29, 39, 49, 55, iJ7, 17

cidaris, Lischkeia, 137

cidaris, Margarita, 15, 22, 137
cidaris, Solariella, 137
cidaris, Turcicula, 137
ciliata, Mopalia, 283
ciliata lignosa, Mopalia, 281
ctwic.r, Alvania, 161
cimex, Rissoa, 161
cimex, Turbo, 161
cincta, Chrysallida, 17, 23, 2'/5
cincta, Mumiola, 245
cincta, Odostomia, 23, 41, 52, 245
cincta, Pyramidella, 245
cinerus. Chiton, 261
cincrus, I schnochiton, 263
cinerus, Lcptochiton, 261
cincrus, Trachydcrmon, 262, 263, 285
Cingulina, 53

circularis, Pcctcn, 21, 70, 7i
circularis, Plagioctenium, 71
circularis aequisulcatus, Pcctcn, 21, 26, 37, 48,
7i, 3

circularis aequisulcatus, Plagioctenium, 71, 3

Cirsotrema, 190

clancstina, Gibbcrulina, 219

Clark, W., 12

clarkii. Caecum, 32

clarkii, Fartulnm, 32

clathratus, Ischnochiton, 272

clathratus, Murex, 207

Clathromangilia, 230

Clatluirella, 53, 22^

clausiliformis, Chrysallida, 56

clarata, Martesia, 118

clavata, Pholas, 118

claviculata, Clidiophora, 55

claviculata. Pandora, 53

Clidiophora, 53

Clionella, 226

coarctata. Crenel la, 32

Coelodon, 53

co#ea, 5M//a, 260

coffca, Mclampus, 260

Coleophvsis, 241

Collisclla, 123, i26

Collonista, 147

Columbella, 212

columbella, Erato, 222

Columbiana, Amphissa, 211

columna, Cerithiopsis, 15, 23, 32, 40, 50, 1^2

columna, Halistylus, 142

communis, Chemnitzia, 244

communis, Chrysallida, 244

communis, Turritella, 168

compacta, Alvania, 23, 29, 39, 50, J(52, 20

compacta, Astarte, 17, 21, 26, 37, 48, ^0

compacta, Balcis, 23. 41, 50, 19"^

compacta, Bivonia, 15, 28, 32, 34, 172

compacta, Dofania, 172

compacta, Eulima, 17, 23, 194

compacta. Lacuna, 23. 33, 34, 38, J55, 18

compacta. Melanella, 194

compacta, Rissoa, 18, 33, 34, 162

compacta, Vermetus, 172

compactus, Petaloconchus, 23, 28, 40, SO, 172,

20 .
complicatus, Petaloconchus, 173
compressa, Astarte, 17
compressa, Pseudopythina, 90
compressa, Tellina, 103
Compsomyax, 55. 93
compta, Phasianella, 151, 18
compta Tricolia, 151, 18
compta elatior, Phasianella, 33
compta punctata, Phasianella, 151
compta punctulata, Phasianella, 22, 29, 34, 38,

49.752,18
compta punctulata, Tricolia, 151, 18

364

INDEX

concentrica, Cryptobranchia, 128

conccntrica, Lepeta, 128

conchaphila, Ostrea, 26, ZZ, 44, 66

Conchological Club of Southern California, 3

Conde, Vicente, 93

conica, Margarita, 18, 132

conica, Pupillaria, 132

coiiica, Pyramidclla, 243

couicus, Margarites, 22, 132

coincus, Obeliscus, 243

coiiiformis, Bulinius, 260

couiforniis, Melampus, 260

conradi, Penitclla, 118

coiispicua, Chiton, 270

couspicua, Mauqcrella, 46, 270

coitspicuus, Ischnochiton, 19, 21, 30, 44, 52, 270,

35

conspicuus, Stenoplax, 270, 35

cotispicHus, Stenoradsia, 270

contorta, Calyptraea, 24, 29, 41, 51, 201, 21

contortus, Galerus, 16, 24, 201

conuhis, Trochxis, 139

co)!t'(?xa, Bcsla, 244

convexa, CItrysallida, 55, 244

convexus, Trochiscus, 19, 25, 143

cookcana, Liotia, 145

Cooper, J. G., 4, 15, 31

Cooperella, 53, 56, 101

Coopcri, Caecum, 16, 23, 32, 40, 173, 174

cooper i, Epitoiiinm, 185

coopcri, Ischnochiton, 30, 35, 46, 52, 268, 273

cooperi, l.epidoaona, 273

cooperi, Puncfurella, 16, 22, 30, 38, 49, 120, 18

cooperi, Rissoa, 165

cooperi, Turritella, 16, 25, 28, 32, 34, 40, 50,

168, 20
cooperi, acutior, Ischnochiton, 30, 35, 44, 274,

34
Corbula, 116
Corbulomya, 117
coronadvensis, Actaeon, 238
cornnbovis, Meioceras. 33
corrngata, Amphissa, 211
corrugatum, Buccinum, 211

corrugatus, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 43, 52, 27;, 29
corrugatus, Stenoplax, 271, 29
costata hindsii, Latiaxis, 209
costatum, Calliostoma, 45, 139, 140
costatus, CytharcUa. 227
costatus, Murex, 227

costcUata pachydcrma, Anachis, 32

costidata, Diastoma, 183

costulata, Melania, 183

costidata, Turbonilla, 252

couthoueyi gracilior, Admete, 27, 223

cranioides, Amalthea, 200

cranioidcs, Hipponix, 200, 21

cranioides, Hipponyx, 15, 24, 32, 34

Craspcdochilus, 263

Craspedochiton, 53

Crassatella, 80

crassicosta, Tuangia, 96

crassicostatus, Callistochiton , 279

crassus, Leptochiton, 46, 262

crebricincfum. Caecum, 16, 23. 32, 174

crebricinctum, Micranellum, 23, 28, 40, 50, iZ'^,
20

crebncostata, Bela, 229

crcbricostata, Mangelia, 15, 24, 27, 42, 51, 229

crebricostata, Scalaria, 17, 25, 184

"crebricostatum, Epitonium," 25, 28, 40, i^f,
20. 22

"crebricostatum, Nitidxscala." 184. 20. 21

crebrifilata, Chemnitaia, 19, 20, 25 J, 21

crebrifilata, Turbonilla, 41, 253

crenatoides, Dentiscala, 190

crenatoides, Opalia. 19, 20, 191

crenimarginatum, Epitonium, 191

"cribaria, Acmaea," 29, 38, 45, i22

crispa, Admete, 223

Crosseana, Psychrosoma, 192

Cro.y.yeada, Scalaria, 192

crucntatus. Turbo, 146

Cryptobranchia, 128

Cryptoctcnidia, 128

Cryptophila, Vanikoro, 32

crystallina, Merisca, 106

crystallina, Tellina, 106

ctdmiuatus, Donax, 32

Cuming, H.. 4, 10, 12, 13

Cuming Collection, 117

cumingii, Eglesia, 184

cumingii, Epitonium, 184

cumingii, Scala, 184

Cumingii, Scalaria, 184

Cuspidaria, 78

cuspidata, Tellina, 78

cuspidata, 'Turbonilla, 253

Cyanoplax, 56, 26i, 285

Cycladclla, 53

cvclophoreus, Ilaplocochlias, 56

Cylichna, 240, 2^2

cylindracea. Bulla, 242

cylindracea, Cylichna, 24, 242

cyltndrica, Aliculastrum, 239

cylindrica. Bulla, 239

cylindrica, I'olvula, 19, 21, 240

cylindrica, Volvulella, 21, 42, 51, 2^0, 25

Cymatodus, 53

rymbulus, Atys, 239

Cvpraeolina, 56, 219

C'yrilla, 64

Cystiscus, 220

cystiscus, Marginella, 220

Cytharella, 227

Cythnia, 53, 56, 197

C3'f/i)!oa, 197

D

Ball, W. H.. 3, 4, 7, 11,

Ball, W. H., and Bartsch, P., 244, 245, 246,
247-252

(/a//;, Columbella, 209

rfa///, Nitidella, 209

dama, O lived a, 217

Daphnrlla, 213

Barbishire, R. B., 12

Darina, 115

Baubenv, G. B., 8

Bawson, W., 10

Dazvsonia, 54

decepiens, Ischnochiton, 25, 30, 43, 27-^

decipiens, Lepido::ona, 274

declivis, Darina, 20, 7 75, 14

decorata, Lacuna, 157

decoratus, Callistochiton. 30, 44, 52, 275, 33

decoratus. Chiton, 46, 278

decoratus, Ischnochiton, 46

deflorata, Capsa, 106, 112

deflorata, Venus, 106

Defrancia, 228

dchisccns, Lima, 72

dehiscens, Mantellum, 72

dclcsscrti, Tivela, 96

Dendrochiton, 284

Dentalium, 118

denticulata, Petricola, 26, 100

dentiens. Chiton. 265. 285

dentiens, Cyanoplax, 52, 2(55, 284

dentiens, I.epidochitona, 265

dentiens, Onithochiton , 265

dentiens, Trachydermon, 265

Dentiscala, 191

depressa, Psammocola, 112

depressuvi, Callopoma, 20, 1^5, 16

INDEX

365

Deshayesiclla, 54

dextroversum, Caecum, 32

dextroversum, Fartula, 32

Diadora, 120

Diala, 166

diaphana, Margaritcs, 129

Diastoma, 183

Dinoplax, 54

Diodora, 120

Diplodonta, 85

distorta yod, Leiostraca, 33

divaricata carinala, Lacuna, 153

divaricatus, Lacuna, 29, 153, 155

divaricatns, Trochus, 156

dolabratiis, PyramidcUa, 243

dolabratus, Trochus, 243

dombeii, Venus, 96

Donacilla, 104

donacina, Tellina, 104

dubiosa, "Litiopa," 167

duboisi, Asthenothaerus, 75

Dunkcria, 54, 55, 251

Durham, J. W., 168, 203, 208

eburnea, Drillia, 56

eburneo, Dentalium, 119

edulis, Ostrea, 66

effusa, IDaphnella, 15, 25, 27, 42, 236

effusa. Lacuna, 33, 154, 155, 19

effusa, Mitromorpha, 236

Egila, 56

E lac hist a, 181

f-Zaf/or, Phasianella, 22, 33, 152, i5i, 19

elegans, Asthenothaerus, 75

elegans, Chorites, 55

elegans, Evalea, 246

elegans, Tcgula, 141

elegantissima, Turbo, 251

elegantissimum, Ancllum, 32

elegantissimum. Caecum, 32

Elenensis, Ischnochiton, 276

Elephantaiiellum, 56

elephantinum, Dentalium, 118

Elephantulum, 54

Emerson, Wm. K., 115

Emerton, — , 261, 267, 277

Epitonium, 183

crinacea, Ocenebra, 202

escuriens, Bittium, 32, 177

esuriens, Bittium, 15, 19

Eucosmia, 54, 56, i5()

eucostnia, lolea, 250

eucosomia, Odostomia, 46, 25fl

Eucrassatella, 80

Eulithidium, 54, i50

Eumargarita, 129

eupleura, Alectrion, 214

curopea, Alvania, 161

Euryta, 213

curytoides, Aesopus, 28, 44, 51, 22 J, 23

eurytoideus, Truncaria, 33, 213

Evalea, 246

evicta, Opalia, 190, 20

evictum, Epitonium, 190

exaecjuata, Lacuna, 154, 19

excavata, Bela, 18

^.rcoz^afo, Chione, 20, 99

excavata. Here, 86

^.rcoz'o/a, Lucina, 26, 45, 56, 86

f.rcat'aia, "F^mmj," 20, 99

c.i'CMrt'aia, Alvania, 32

excurvata, Bela, 24, 234

excurvata, Granotoma, 24, 27, 42, 51, 25-^

excurvata, Lora, 27, 234

exigua, Nucula, 61

Exilioidea, 215

cxiqua, Nucula, 45

expansa, Macoma, 17, 22, 27, 38, 48, i(?5

cxpansa, Ostrea, 67

Eabricii, Pecten, 69

faerocnsis, Tellina, 111

faison, 150

c/. falcatus, Lithophagus, 74

fallaciosum, Epitonium, 185

fallaciosum, Nitidiscala, 185

fallax, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 43, 52, 27i, 29

fallax, Stcnoplax, 271, 29

Farallon Islands, 18

farcimen, Caecutn, 32

farcimen, Fartulum, 32

Farfante, I. P., 121

Fartulum, 54

fasciata, Chrysallida, 32

fascicularis, Acanthochitona, 286

fascicularis. Chiton, 286

fastigiatum, Bittium, 19, 25, 32, 183

fastigiatum, Diastoma, 25, 40, 50, i^J, 20

Fenella, 181, 252

fcnestrata, Acmaca, 122

fenestrata, Fossarus, 198

fcnestrata, Gibbula, 15

fcnestrata Isapis, 24, 33

fenestrata, Iselica, 24, 29, SO, 297, 21

fenestrata, Liotia, 16, 19, 22, 29, 39, 41, 49, 145

feroensis, Tellina, 111

Field Columbian Museum of Chicago, 31

filosa, Alvania, 15, 23, 29, 39, 50, 163

filosa, Arthuria, 280

filosa, barbarensis, Mitromorpha, 21, 230

"filosa, ?Daphnella," 237

filosa, Kennerleyia, 77

filosa, Kennerlia, 17, 21, 26, 56, 76, 77

filosa, Kennerlyia, 77

filosa, Mangelia, 237

filosa, Mitromorpha, 19, 27, 42, 51, 56, 230, 237,

25
filosa, Mopalia, 280
filosa, Pandora, 26, 37, 48, 77
filosa, Pandorella, 77
filosa, Rissoa, 163
filosum esuriens, Bittium, \77
fimbriatus, Callistochiton, 46, 278, 279
fimbriatus. Chiton, 279
Finella, 181
Fissurella, 121

flectens, "Basiliochiton," 25, 30, 53, 285
flectens, Ischnochiton, 17, 285
flectens, Lepidochitona, 30, 285
flectens, Trachydermon, 17, 285
flectens montereyensis, Lepidochitona, 285
flectens montereyensis, Trachydermon, 286
Fleming, J., 8
fluctatum, Callopoma, 20
fluctatum depressum, Callopoma, 148
fiuctum depressum. Turbo, 148, 16
fluctosus, Callopoma, 148, 16
fluctosus. Turbo, 148, 16
fJuctuata, Astarte, 16, 21, 26, 81
fluctuata, Eucrassatella, 21, 26, 37, 48, 81
fluctuatus, Crassatellites, 81
fJuctuosus, Turbo, 148
fluxa, Acanthopleura, 16, 24, 266
fluxa, Nuttallina, 24, 30, 43, 52, 265, 28
Foord, — , 261

formosum, Calliostoma, 16, 22, 25, 139
fornicata, Modiola, 18, 20, 33
fornicata, Volsella, 73
fornicatus. Modiolus, 20, 26, 37, 48, 73
fortior, Cerithiopsis, 19, 179
for lis, Calicantharus, 25, 41, 51, 215
fort is, Cantharus, 215

366

INDEX

fortis. Pisauia, 19. 215
fragilis, Spluytiia, 27, 45, 48, 116, 15
Francesia, 54
Fraticisia, 54
Frembleya, 55
frcminvillea, Alvania, 161
frondoso mexicano, Chama, 2)2
fucicola, Bulla, 240
fiinebrale, Mangilia, 231
funebralis, Chlorostoma, 142, 19
funcbralis, Tcgula, 142, 19
ftaiebralis subaperta, Tegula, 22, 29, 39, 49
funiculata, Acumaca, 22, 29, 39, 45, 48, i2i, 17
funiculata, Gibbula, 15, 131
■'funiculata, Scurria, 16, 22, 123
funiculatus, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49, iJi
funiculatus, Pupillaria, 131
fusconotata, Agathotoma, 227
jusconotata, Cithara, 227
fusconotata, Cytharella, 27, 44, 51, 227
fusconotata, Mangilia, 227
fuscotincta, Siphonalia, 19, 21, 21<5

Gabb, Wm., 4, 15

galeata, Puncturclla, 120

gallina, Ischnochiton, 274

Gari, 111

gari, Tellina, 111

Gaskoin, J. D., 12

Gastropoda, 120

gemma, Chaetopleura, 21, 29, 30, 35, 43, 46, 52,

266, 268, 269
gemynulatum, Calliostoma, 22, 25, 29, 39, 49,

n9, 17
Georgettma, Scalaria, 187
gibberosnm, Pachypoma, 32, 149
Gibberulina, 219
gibbosa, Pyrgolampros, 256
gibbosa, Turbonilla, 256
qibbosus, Saxidomus, 55, 93
Gibbs, G., 13
gibbus, Aequipcctcii, 71
gibbus, Peclen, 71
gibbus, Solcn, 1 14
gigantea, Venus, 93
glabrata, Melarbaphe, 159
Glandinaria , 54
"(/landinaria, Olivclla," 218
Glans, 82
Glycymeris, 63
Glyphis, 54
Gobraeus, III

gothica, '^Chaetopleura, 31, 284
gothica, Mopalia. 284

gothicHS, Dcndrochiton, 21, 25, 43, 53, 284, 32
gothicus, Ischnochiton, 284
Gothicus, Trachvdcrmon, 16, 284
Gould, A.. 4, 10, 12,
Gould Collection. 218. 221
gouldi, Columbella, 209
gouldi, Mitrella, 25. 41. 51, 209
f/ouldi, INitidella. 33, 209
Gouldiana, Amycla, 209
gouldiana, Cardiomya, 78
gouldii, Amaura, 249
i/ouldii, FTalea, 249

gouldii, Odostomia, 15, 23, 41, 52, 249
gouldii, Tellina, 105
gracilenta, Odostomia, 245
"gracilienta, Hvalea," 46
graciliente, P.valca, 245
gracilior, Admete, 20, 26, 27, 42, 51, 225
gracilior, Cancellaria, 223
gracilior, Massyla, 223
gracilis, Mitromorpha, 46, 235, 237
"gracilis. Tapes," 45, 99

graeca, Fissurella, 120
granoliratus, Leptochiton, 33
Granotoma, 234
granulosa, Opalia, 193
gravida, Odostomia, 249
Gray, J. E.. 8, 9, 12
grayana, Assiminea, 137, 167
Guaymas, 219
Guildingia, 54
Guineensis, Solen, 114
guinensis, Solen, 114
guinensis, Tagelus, 114
Gulf of California, 18

?gussonii, Ancylus, 258

?(/ussonii, Williamia, 258
Guthe, Carl, 218

H
Haas, F., 31
Habe, T., 79, 139
Haines Collection, 35
Haldra, 56

haliotiphila, Barleeia, 23, 29, 44, 50, i6-^
Haliotis, 136
HalistyluS: 142
hamata, Leda, 16, 26, 61
hamata, Nuculana, 21, 26, 37, 46, 61, 2
hamata, Thcstylcda, 61
Hanley, S., 12
Haplocochlias, 54
Harttvegii, Chaetopleura, 35, 264
hartzvc(iii. Chiton, 56, 264
hartwegii, Cvanoplax, 20, 30, 43, 52, 263, 264,

27.28
hartwegii, Lepidochiton, 30, 264
hartwegii, Tonicella, 264
Hartwegii, Trachydermon, 264
hartwegii nuttalli, Cyanoplax, 21, 264, 27
hartwegii mitt alii, Lepidochitona, 264
hartwegii nuttalli, Tonicella, 264
hastatus, Pecten, 69
hcathii, Rasiliochiton, 284
heathii, Mopalia, 284
hccetac, Mangclia, 229
hecuba, Cymatosyrinx, 46, 22.9
heciiba, Cytharella, 46
hegewischii, Cerithidea, 20
hegcwischii albonodosa, Cerithidea, 28, 40, 50,

//5, 20
heliacus, Pecten, 72
helicina, Margarites, 129
lielicinus, Turbo, 129
heliotropium, Trochus, 149
hcUinca, Scalaria, 190
Hemiarthrum, 54, 56
Hemphill, H., 4, 278, 280
Hemphill material, 119
Hcmphillia. 54. 267
Henry, J., 10. 12
hcptagonum. Caecum, 56
f/cr^, 56, 86
hericeus, Pecten, 69
Ileterosona, 54
Hincks, T.. 12
flindsii. Chiton, 280
hindsii, Coralliophila, 28
/i/n(/ji7. Epitonium. 185, 188
hindsii, Latiaxis, 209
Hindsii, Pecten. 25, 26, 69
Hindsii, Scalaria, 185
Hindsii, Terebra, 225
Hindsii, Trophon, 209
Hipponix. 199
Hipponyx. 199
Homalopoma, 54, 7-^7
linl)en(]ick, R.. 258
1 1 umihnia, 95

INDEX

367

Humphrey, G., 183
Huxleya, 64
Huxlcyia, 64
Hyatt, A., 10
Hydrobia, 159

imperialis, Astraea, 149
imperialis, Trochus, 149
imporcata, Mopalia, 17, 21, 25, 31, 43, 52, 281,

32
imporcata, Placiphorclla, 281
imporcatns, Osteochiton, 281
inaequivalvis, Pandora, 76
iitcisa, Clathrodrillia, 27
iiicisa, Drillia, 18, 24, 226
incisa, Moniliopsis, 226

iucisa, Ophiodermclla, 24, 27, 42, 51, 226, 236
incisa, Turris, 226
iiicisus, Chiton, 281
inclusa, Rissoia, 160
inchisus, Amphithalamus, 19, 23, 29, 39, 49, 55,

159, 160
incongrua, Scmclc, 16, 27, 38, 48, 110
inculta, Acteocina, 27, 242, 25
indentata, Maconia, 16, 22, 27, 34, 38, 48, 109
indentata, Re.vithaerus, 109
indentata tenuirostris, Macoma, 110
indianorum, Epitonium, 23, 28, 40, 50, 186, 20
indianorum, Gyroscala, 187
indianorum, Nitidiscala, 186, 20
Indianorum, Scalaria, 15, 23, 2i, 34, 186
inerrnis, Pleurotoma, 225
inflata, Evalca, 246

inflata, Margarita, 17, 22, 30, 39, 131, 134
inflata, Odostomia, 19, 23, 33, 41, 52, 246
Inflatuliim, 54
inflatulus, Margaritas, 22, 30, 38, 49, 131 135,

18
inflatulus, Pupillaria, 131, 18
in flat us, Turbo, 131
inscitlpta, Dcntiscala, 191, 22
insculpta, Nassa, 17, 214
insculpta, Odostomia, 251

insculpta. Opalia, 19, 20, 28, 41, 50, 792, 22
insculpta, Oscilla, 46, 250
inscnlptus, Alectrion, 28, 214
inscnlptus, Nassa, 25, 33
insculptus, Nassarius, 25, 28, 42, 51, ^i'^
inscnlptus, Schizopyga, 214
insculptus, Zeuxis, 214
inscnlptus cuplcura, Alectrion, 214
intercalata, Martesia, 27, 45, ii^
interfossa, Bittium, 23, 28, 40, SO, i79
interfossa, Daphnella, 230
interfossa, I.irobittinm, 179
interfossa, Manqelia, 15, 21, 24, 27, 33 42 51

2i0, 27
interfossa, Mitromorpha, 230
interfossa, Mtirex, 203
interfossa, Ocenebra, 24, 28, 41, 46, 51
interfossa, Ocincbra, 17, 33, 34, 202, 23
interfossa, Rissoina, 16, 179
interfossa, Tritonalia, 28, 203
interfossa alpha, Tritonalia, 28, 204
interfossa atropurpurea, Ocenebra, 24, 41, 51,

202, 23
interfossa atropurpurea, Ocincbra, 34, 35, 203
interfossa atropurpurea, Tritonalia, 28, 203
interfossa beta, Ocenebra, 204
interfossa beta, Tritonalia, 28, 204
internexus, Lepidopleurus, 24, 30, 262
infernexus, Leptochiton, 24, 30, 43, 52, 262, 28
interstincta, Odostomia, 245
intcrstincto, Ischnochiton, 275
intorfa, Olivella. 20, 279, 24
invallata, Ethalia, 16, 22, 144

invallata, Pseudorotella, 144

invallatum, Tciuostoma, 22, 30, 39, 49, 1^/4, 19

lolea, 250
I sap is, 197
Ischnochiton, 268
Ischnoplax, 54
Ischnoradsia, 54, 277
Iselica, 197
islandicus, Ostrea, 69
islandicus, Pecten, 69
I vara, 250
Ividia, 56

J
jamaicensis, Lucina, 85
jamaicensis, Venus, 85
japanicus, Aesopus, 213
japonicus, Pomaulax, 149
japonicus, Trochus, 149
M', ■^. C, 201
Jeffreys, J. G., 4
Jewett, E. 4, 10, 18, 31
Jewett Collection, 117

jezvetti, Cystiscus, 21, 27, 42, 51, 220, 221 24,
. 26

jezvetti, Evalea, 246
jezvetti, Hyalina, 221
Jezvetti, Marginella, 27, 33, 221
jezvetti, Odostomia, 23, 52, 2^/6
jezvetti, Persicula, 221
jezvetti, Trochiscus," 142
jezvetti. Turrit clla, 19, 25, 28, 34, 40, 169

K

Kathcrinella, 93

Keen, M., 129, 139, 172, 216, 243

Keenaea, 91

Keep, J. 245, 251

kelleti, Kelletia, 216

kelleti, Siphonalia, 216

Kelletia, 216

Kellia, 87

Kelsey, F. W., 14

kelsevi, Exilioidea, 216

Kennerley, C. B. R., 13, 17, 76, 95, 113, 131

Kcnncrlcya, 76

kennerleyi, Humilaria, 20, 26, 48, 95

kcnnerleyi, Marcia, 95

Kennerleyi, Mercenaria, 95

kennerleyi, Mopalia, 17

kcnnerleyi, Venus, 17, 95

Kcnnerleyi Szvanii, Mopalia, 283

Kennerleyia, 76

Kcnnerlia, 54, 56, 76

kennerlyi, Marcia, 26

Kcnncrlyia, 76

kingicola, Crassatellites, 80

krausci, Bcla, 234

krausi, Granotoma, 234

laciniata, Callithaca, 96

laciniata, Protothaca, 25, 26, 37, 48, 9(5

laciniata, Tapes, 96, 98

lactca, Turritella, 170

lacteola, Mesalia, 18, 171

lacteolum, Tachyrhynchus, 23, 28, 40, 50, 770,

20
lacteolum subplanatum, Tachyrhynchus, 23 28,

40, 50, i'7, 20
lacteolus, Tachyrhynchus, 28
lacteolus subplanatus, Tachyrhynchus, 28
Lacuna, 153

lacunata, Gibbula, IS. 22, 129
lacunata, Lirularia, 129
lacunata, Rissoia, 160
lacunatus, Amphithalamus, 17, 23, 29, 39, 49,

160

368

INDEX

lanniatus, Margarites, 23, 29, 39, 49, 129 17

liu'vigata, Helix, 202

Laevitectum, 56

Lake Nicaragua, 219

lamellata, Arcopagia, 106

lamcllata, Mcrisca, 106

lamellata, Tcllina, 26, 45, 106

laniinata, Bartschella, 252

laminata, Diinkeria, 19, 25, 34, 252

laminata, Pyrgiscula, 252

laminata, Turbonilla, 25, 41, 52, 252

lanuginosa, Chaetoplciira, 31, 268

lanuginosa, Hemphillia, 268

lanuginosus, Pallochiton, 44, 267, 268

laperousii, Kellia, 87

laperousii chironii, Kellia, 21, 34, 37, 48, 87

laqueatum, Calliostoma, 45

Lasaca, 87, 9i

lasius, Trophon, 207

lateralis, Siphonaria, 258

Latiaxis, 209

laticaudata, Ostrea, 25, <5S

Lecania, 54

Lt'rfa, 61

Leiomya, 78

Lciosolcnus, 54

leithi, Litiopa, 167

Lcntidium, 117

Lepeta, 128

Lcpidochitona, 263

Lepidopleunts, 54

I.epidoradsia, 54

Lepidozona, 272

Leptochiton, 261

Leptochitona, 263

Lepton, 90

Leptonyx, 54, 147

Leptopecten. 71

Leptoplax, 54

l.cptothyra, 147

levidensis, Mangelia, 18, 24, 27, 33, 42, 51, 230

lianosa, Chiton, 280, 281

Vuinosa, Mopalia. 20, 52, 280, 2S2, 27

lilacina, Psamniobia, 113

Lima, 72

limaciformis, Stcnoplax, 270

limans, Clathrodrillia, 46, 225

Umatilla, Acmaca, 25, 29, 38, 48, iZi

lineolata, Cerithidea, 175

lingualis, Lucina, 33

Liotia, 145

Liriola, 56, 255

Lirobittium, 179

Lirularia, 136

lirulata, Lirularia, 132

lirnlata, Margarita, 18, 33, 34, 129, 132

lirulata conica, Pupillaria, 132

lirulata obsolcta, Pupillaria, 133, 17

lirulata subelevata, Pupillaria, 133, 17

lirulatus, Margarites, 30, 38, 49, 56, JJ2, ;.?J,

17
lirulatus, Pupillaria, 132, 17

lirulatus conicus, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49, 132
lirulatus obsolelus, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49,

133. 17
lirulatus subelevatus, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49,

133, 17
Lirulia, 56

lithophaga, Rupellaria, 100
lithophaga, Venus, 100
littoreus, Littorina, 15S
littoreus, Turbo, 1 58
Littorina, 158
lituella, i^ermetus, 173
li7'idus, Murex, 33
Loniichaeus, 243
lordi, Psephis, 98

Loretto, 219

Loricitcs, 54

/f"cffi, Bo/cw, 196

Lucapinella, 121

Lucina, 85

lurida, Ostrea, 15, 20, 25, 37, 48, 66

lurida forma expansa, Ostrea, 25, 26, 27, 67

lurida forma laticaudata, Ostrea, 25, 26, 68

lurida forma rufoides, Ostrea, 25, 34, 37, 68

lurida munda, Occnebra, 33, 35, 204

lurida munda, Ocinebra, 33, 35

lurida munda, Tritonalia, 28, 204

lurida parallela, Chaetopleura, 267

lurida prasinata, Chaetopleura, 267

luridus tnunda, Murex, 204

luteola, Aloides, 117

luteola, Corbula, 16, 22, 26, 38, 49, 117, 15

luteola, Lentidium, 117, 15

" Lutricola," 54

Lysacme, 56 v

M

Mac-Andrewi, Pseudopythina, 90

Machaera, 115

Maconia, 107

Macrandrellus, 54

Macrocallista, 92

Macrophragma, 56

macrophragma, Petaloconclms, 28, 33, 45, 56,

172
maculata, Solariella, 138
niaculalum, Lentidium, 117
Maera, 104

Magdalensis, Lepidochiton, 262
magnum, Caecum, 174
mammillata, Alvania, 161
mammillata, Cylichna, 242
Mangelia, 228
Mangilia, 228
Margarita, 129
margarita, Helix, 129
Margarites, 129
inargaritula, Marginella, 33
luargaritula, Volutella, 220
"marginata, Crassatella," 45, 81, 96
marginata, Crassatellites, 81
marginata, Tivela, 45
marginata, "Tivela," 96
inarginatus. Chiton, 263
niarginatus, Lcpidochitona, 263
marginatus, Solen, 114
marmorata. Lacuna, 157
marmorea, Barleeia, 23, 40, 50, i64, 22
marmorea, Diala. 17, 29, 32, 34, 164
marmorea, Litiopa, 164
" TMaroccana California, Natica," 202
fMaroccana, Natica, 46, 202
Marshall, W. B., 123, 221
Martesia, 118
Maugerella, 54
maura, Mitra, 219
maxima, Ostrea, 69
maxima, Pecten, 69
Mayapuez, Puerto Rico, 121
Mazatlan, 114
Mazatlan CataloRue, 3, 9, 11
Mazatlan Collection, 114
Macatlanica, Cerithidea, 32
M 'Andrew, R., 4
mediterranea, Corbula, 117
mediterranea, Solemya, 60
mediterranea, Solenomya, 60
Meioceras, 54, 56
Melampus, 260
Melania, 251
Melarhaphe. 159
mclchcrsi, Drillia, 32

INDEX

369

Meuestho, 248

merckii. Chiton, 281

Alert sea, 106

meroeum, Lepton, 16, 21, 26, 37, 48, 91

mcropsis, Moerella, 105

meropsis, Tcllina, 105

Merovia, 56, 219

mertensii, Ischnochiton, 272

mertensii, Lepidozona, 272

Mesodesma, 1 1 5

Mesopleura, 114

Metis, 106

Metula, 213

nu'xicatia, Cliama, 32

Meyer, M., 7

meycri, Apolyiitctis, 107

meveri, Telliiia, 107

miconj, Balcis, 23, 28, 41, 50, 195, 22

micans, Eulima, 18, 23, 28, 195

micans, Melanclla, 195

Mickles, L., 7

Micrancllum, 174

Middendorfia, 53, 54

mighelsi, Turbonilla, 251

Minolia, 138

minor, Occnehra, 46

minuscula, Glans, 82

Miodon, 54, 83

Miodontiscus, 54, 56, 83

miopcrplicatuhis, Pyrgolampros, 254

Mi raid a, 56

.Ui7ra, 219

tnitra, Acmaea, 122

mitra fiiniculata, Acmaea, 29

mitra tenuisculpta, Acmaea, 38, 45, 12"^

mitra tenuisculpta, Scurria, 22, 123, 124

Mitrella, 209

Mitromorpha, 54, 2i5

modesta, Admete, 24, 42, 51, 22-^, 24

modesta, Angulus, 22

modesta, Cancellaria, 15, 24, 224

modesta, Massyla, 224

modesta, Oudardia, 103

modesta, Sveltia, 224

modesta. Tellina. 22, 26, 38, 48, 70J

modesta gracilior, Admete, 51, 223

modestnm, Cardium, 91

fniodestum, Cardium, 16

modestus, Angulus, 103

modestus, Tellina, 17

Modiola, 73

Modiolus, 73

modiolus. Modiolus, 73

modiolus, Mytilns, 73

Morea, 104

Moerella, 104

moesta, Drillia, 19, 24, 232

moesta, Pleurotoma, 232

moesta, Pseudoynelatoma, 24, 27, 42, 51, 232

moiioceros, Murex, 205

Monoeiostrae, 67

monotimeris, Clilamys, 71

monotimeris, Leptopcctcn, 71

monstrosa, Fissurella, 121

Montagu, Chiton, 261

Moutagui, Balcis, 194

Montagui, Gibbula, 131

montcreyense, Epitonium, 190

montereyensis, Chiton, 20, 281

montereyensis, Cirostrema, 190

montereyensis, Mopalia, 52

montereyensis, Opalia, 23

montereyensis, Scala, 190

montereyensis, Scalaria, 190

"monticola, Acmaea," 127

monticola. Patella, 45

"monticula, Acmaea," 127

monticula, Patella, 45

Mopalia. 280

Mopaliopsis, 56

Morch, O. A., 4

Mormula, 256

multiformis, Mytilus, 33, 44

munda, Murex, 204

munda, Ocenebra, 204

"munda Ocinebra," 33, 46

munda, Tritonalia, 204

munita, Cerithiopsis, 15, 23, 32, 34, 180

munita, Cyrilla, 26, 45, 64

munita, Huxleyia, 21, 26, 45, 48, (54

munita, Nucinella, 64

munita, Pleurodon, 64

munitum, Bittium, 23, 28, 40, 50, 150

munitum, Lirobittiiim, 180

muricata, Chemnitsia, 251

muricata, Strioturbonilla, 251

muricata, Turbonilla, 45, 25i

muricatus, Murex, 207

muricatus, Trophon, 209

muricatus, Trophonopsis, 207

murina, Diadora, 30, 121

murina, Diodora, 30, 45, 120

murina, Fissurella, 45, 120

murina, Fissuridea, 120

murina, Glyphis, 45, 120

»n«,fCOja acuta, Mopalia, 31, 280

muscosa fissa, Mopalia, 280

muscosa kennerleyi, Mopalia, 25, 31, 43, 53

muscosa plumosa, Mopalia, 280

«n(jC(7ja swanii, Mopalia, 31, 283

mutabilis, Modiola, 33

Mysella, 88

N
Narica ?, 197
Nassarius, 213
Natica, 202
naucum. Bulla, 239
navarchus, Pecten, 69
Neah Bay, Washingrton, 14, 109, 113
Neeah [jic] Bay, 14, 35
Nemocardium, 91
neotype, 60

neritoidea. Lacuna, 153
neritoides. Turbo, 159
Netastoma, 54
Nettastomella, 54
Xewcomb, W., 4
newcombei, Mangilia, 229

newcombi, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 43, 52, 2(59, 30
Neivcombia, 54

newcombiana, Algamorda. 158
vezvcombiana, Littorina, 158
ncwsomi, Pecten, 71
nezi'somi, Plagioctenium, 71
)ir.rMj, Chiton, 262
nexus, Lepidopleurus, 30, 262
M^-rMj, Leptochiton, 16, 24, 30, 43, 52, 2(52, 272,

28
HC-t-Mj, Xiphioaona, 262
Jic.rtw, Xiphoaona [sici, 262
nimhosa, Macrocallista, 93
nimbosa, Venus, 93

KiV^-Hj, Mangelia, 19, 21, 27, 42, 51, 2i2, 28
nitens, "Modiola," 25, 46, 7i, 25
nitentior, Cadulus, 46, 119
Nitidiscala, 184
nitidum, Meioceras, 56
noachina. Patella, 120
voachina, Puncturella, 120
Nodiscala, 192
noctlingi, Pecten, 71
Norrisia, 143
norrisii, Norrisia, 25, 143

370

INDEX

Xorth-VVest Boundary Survey, 13, 17

jwta, Olivella, 217

"itotabilis, Alvania," 45, 163

UHciformis, Amaura, 249

miciformis, Odostomia, 15, 23, 33, 41, 52, 248,

249
miciformis avellatia, Amaura, 248
uuciformis avcllana, Odostomia, 248
\'ucinella, 64
vitcleus, Area, 60
nucleus, Nucula, 60
Nuciila, 60
Nuculaua, 61

Xuttall, T.. 113. 121, 201, 205
Xuttall Collection, 112, 121
nuttalli, Chiton, 20, 264, 265
vuttalli, Cyanoplax, 52, 264
Xuttallii, Chaetoplcitra, 264
uu I tall a, Chi ton, 20
uiittallii, Lcptoplcurus, 35
vuttallii, Saxidomus, 99
Nuttallii, Trachydermon, 264
Nuttallina, 54, 265

O

Oberlin Press, 9

obliqua, dementia, 93

oblonga, Fristiphora, 16, 56, 89

oblonga, Serridens, 26, 89

oblongus, Pristcs, 20, 21, 26, 37, 48, 89

oblongus, Serridens, 14

obsolcta, Margarita, 18, 132

obsoleta, Piipillaria, 133, 17

obsoletus, Margaritas, 22, iji, 17

obtusa, Cerithidea, 175

obtusa, Isapis, 16, 24, 198

ofc/M,ya, Iselica, 24, 50, 79,^, 21

obtusa, Mera, 103

obtusa, Mocra, 34

obtusa, Tellina, 38, 48

obtusus, Angtilus, 22, 26, 34, 103

obtusus, Fossarus, 29, 198

Ocenebra, 202

Ocincbra, 202

Odostomia, 244

Ocdalia, 54, 101

Oedaliiia, 54, 101

ocnoa, Mangclia, 232

(Jldroyd, Ida, 57

Oldroydi, CoralUophilia, 209

Oliquarca, 63

olivacca, Cyrena, 32

olivaceus, Melampus, 27, 45, 52, 26fl

Olivella, 217

omalia, Astarte, 81

omaria, Astarfc, 81

on^j.r, Crepidula, 20, 20i

ophioderma, Ophiodermella, 225, 226

ophiodcrma, Surciila, 225

Ophiodermella, 225

optabilis, Gibbula. 16, 133

optabilis, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49, 755

optabilis, Fupillaria, 133

orbella, Frotothaea, 25

"oricntalis, Lima," 72

ornata, Fissurella, 20, 121

Ostrea, 66

Otia Conchologica, 153

oudardi, Tellina, 102

Oudardia, 102

ovoidea, Isapis, 198

ovoidea, Sphaenia, 17

ovoidea, Sphenia, 22, 26, 38, 48, 116

ovulum, Chrysallida, 32, 244

ovnlum, Dentalium, 119

o.rybasis, Solariella, 1 37

pachyderma, Anachis, il

Fachypoma, 172

painei, Fyrgolampros, 255

painei, Turbonilla, 255

paleacea, Nacella, 16

/paleacea, Nacella, 126

pallidula, Lacuna, 153

pallidula, Nerita, 153

Fallochiton, 53

palmula, Ostrea, 26

palmulatus, Callistochilon, 21, 31, 35, 43, 52,

279, 32
Panama, 15, 18

panamensis, Asthenothaerus, 75
Fandora, 76
Fandorella, 76

parallela, Chaetopleura, 30, 44, 52, 267
parallelus, Ischnochiton, 44, 267
paramabilis, Solariella, 138, 17
parcipicta, Gibbula, 15, 34, 130, 134
parcipicta, Lirularia, 134
parcipicta, Fupillaria, 134, 17
parcipictus, Fossarus, 29

parcipictus, Margarites, 22, 30, 38, 49, iJ-?, 17
Farvilucina, 56, 86
patina, Acmaea, 122
Patterson, R., 8
patula, Machaera, 115
paucicostatus, Leptopecten, 71
paucicostatus, Fee ten, 19, 26, 46, 7i
paucicostatus. Turbo, 147
paucilirata, Dunkcria, 55
Peach, C. W., 8
Pease, W. H., 4
Fee ten, 69

pectinata, Cuspidaria, 21, 26, 37, 48, 78
pectiuata, Neaera, 17, 21, 78
peetinatus. Chiton, 272
pectinatus, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 272, 31
peetinatus, Lepidopleurus, 16, 272
pectinulatus. Chiton, 272
pectinulatus, Lepidozona, 272
Fectuncnlus, 63
pedroana, Olivella, 217
pedroana philippiana, Terebra, 27, 224
pcdroanum philippianum, Striolerebrum, 224
pedroensis, Turritella, 169
Pelecypoda, 60
pellis-serpentis, Trochus, 141
pelta, Acmaea, 126
M'a. Collisella, 126
pcltoides, I.iriola, 259
peltoidcs, Xacclla, 24, 44, 259
peltoidcs, Siphonaria, 259, 260
peltoides, Williamia, 24, 44, 52, 259, 260, 25
penicillata, Anachis, 19, 21, 26, 37, 48, 78, 222,

penicdlata, Chauvetia, 212

penicillata, Columbella, 211

penicillata, Drillia, 56

penicillata, Litorina, 33

penicillata, Fleurotoma, 232

penicillata, Seminella, 21 1

Fen it ell a, 118

peramabilis, Solariella, 16, 22, 29, 39, 49

pcregrinus, Boreotrophon, 208

peregrinus, Neptunea, 208

pcregrinus, Trophon, 208

perlaminosa, Venerupis, 95

pcrlaminosa kennerleyi, Hnmilaria, 95

perlaminosa kennerleyi, Venerupis, 95

pernoides. Area, 5, 62

pernoides, Barbatia, 46, 62

pern u la. Area. 61

Feroiiidia, 105

persona, Acmaea, 125

INDEX

371

persona, Patelloidea, 125

persona strirjillata, Acmaca, 29

peruviantis, Chaetopleura, 266

pcruvianus, Chiton, 266

Pctaloconchus, 56

Pctrasma, 60

petravis, Anachis, 212

Fetricola, 100

petriola, Sucula, 64

Pctropoma, 147

Phacelloaona, 53

pharcida, Odostomia, 247

Phasianella, 150

Phasianema, 197

philippi, Litorina, 33

"Philippiana," Striotcrebrum, 224, 21

-Philippiana:' Terebra, 24, 51, 22-1 21

Philohrya, 53, 55, 56, 65

I'hilohryidae, 65

pliotis, Chrysallida, 56

fpileolns, Acmaea, 16, 32, 125

pileolus rosacea, Acmaca, 32, 34

Pilsbry, H. A., 4, 11, 123, 261

Placiphora, 54

Placiphorella, 5 A, 279

Plagioctcnium, 70

planata, Acteocina, 20, 27, 42, 242

planata, Cylichna, 18, 242

planata, Modiola, 45

"planata, Modiola," 73

Playo Maldonado, Uruguay, 121

Plectodon, 54, 79

Plcurodon, 64

Plenrotemaria, 54

Plcurotomaria, 54

Pleiirotomoidea, 228

plicatum, Bittiutn, 177

plicatus, Odostomia, 244

plicatus, Turbo, 244

plumosa, Mopalia, 20, 280

pluricosta, Opalia, 23, 190

pluricostata, Opalia, 190

Poirier, H., 285

^o//;a, //^/('.r, 194

politum, Tcinostoma, 144

politus, Solecurtus, 114

politus, Taqelus, 27, 45, 27-^

poll., 57

pollex, 57

polychroma, Corbula, 46, 1 1 7

Poly met is, 106

Polyspirella, 54

Pomaulax, 149

porrecta, Lacuna, 28, 33, 34, 38, 45, 49, 153,

porrecta effiisa. Lacuna, 23, 29, 34, 39, 155, 19
porrecta exaequata, Lacuna, 23, 29, 34, 39, 155,

19
porrecta puteloides. Lacuna, 29, 155
Poulsoni, Buccinum, 205
Poulsoni, Murex, 205
poulsoni, Ocenebra, 20, 26, 28, 51, 205
Poulsoni, Ocinebra, 205
Powell, A. W. B., 159
prasinata, Chaetopleura, 31, 44, 52, 267
prasinatus, Ischnochiton, 267
pretiosa, Scalaria, 183
pretiosum, Epitonium, 183
Pristes, 55, 89
Pristiphora, 55, 56, 89
Pristis, 55
Probolaeum, 55
producta, Hiilima, 195
producta, Leiostraca, 196
proficua, Semele, 110
proficua, Tellina, 110
prolougata, Cardita, 83

prolongate, Miodon, 56

prolongata, P'elutina, 15, 21, 24, 29, 38, 51, 2^2

prolongatus, Miodon, 15, 20, 83

prolongatus, Miodontiscus, 20, 21, 26, 37, 48, 83

prolongatus, Venericardia, 26, 83

Propebela, 234

propinqua, Cylichna, 242

Protothaca, 96

prototranqueharicus, Pecten, 71

Psammobia, 1 1 1

Psammocola, 111

Pscphidia, 55, '?«, 95

Psephis, 55, 98

pseudodentiens, Cyanoplax, 52

pseudodentiens, Ischnochiton, 17, 265, 284

pseudodentiens, Trachydermon, 17, 265, 284

Pseudomelatoma, 56, 2j2

Pseudopylhina, 90

Pseudorotella, 144

Pterochiton, 55

puella, Callista, 32

Puget Sound, 17

pugettensis, Upogebia, 90

pulchellns, Callistochiton, 278

pulchellus. Chiton, 278

pulchrior, Mangelia, 229

pulchrior, Mangilia, 27, 231

pullata, Litorina, 33

pullata, Littorina, 159

pullata, Melarhaphe, 159

pulloides, Phasianella, 23, 29, 33, 39, 49, 151,

i52, 19
pulloides, Tricolia, 152, 153, 19
pulloides elatior, Phasianella, 23, 29, 39, i5J,

19
pulloides elatior, Tricolia, 153, 19
pullus, Tricolia, 151
pullus, Turbo, 151
pumila, Chrysallida, 17, 23, 244
pumila, Odostomia, 41, 51, 244
punctata, Eucosmia, 44, 151
punctata, Longchaetis, 243
punctata, Phasianella, 151
punctata, Pyramidella, 243
punctata, Tricolia, 151
punctato-coclatus, Rictaxis, 238
punctatostriatus callatus, Donax, 32
punctocaelata, Tornatella, 24, 238
punctocaelatus, Acteon, 24, 26, 42, 51, 255
punctocaclatus, Rictaxis, 238
punctocoelata, Rhextaxis, 238
punctocoelata Vancouver cnsis , Acteon, 238
punctocoelata Vancouver ensis , Rictaxis, 238
punctocaelatus coronadvensis, Actaeon, 238
punctulata, Phasianella, 19, i5i, 18
Puncturclla, 120
pupiformis, Odostomia, 23, 250
pupilla, Marqarita, 131, 134
Pnpillaria. 130
pupillus, Margarites, 130
pupillus, Pupillaria, 130
pHpoidea, Fencalla, 17, 22, 142
pupoideus, Cantharidus, 142

pupoidcus, Halistylus, 22, 29, 39, 49, 7^2, 19
purpurata, Oliva, 217
purpurea, Cerithiopsis, 19, 32, 177
purpurea, Rissoina, 1 78

purpureum, Bitfium, 23, 28, 40, 50, 176, 777
pnrpureum, Leptonyx, 16, 148
purptireum. Semibiftium, 177
puteloides. Lacuna, 45
^_vo!a, Olivella. 219
Pyramidella. 243
Pyrgiscus, 252
Pyrgolampros, 254
Pyrgolamprns, 254
pyriformis, Cypraeolina, 27, 220

372

INDEX

piriformis, Gibbcruliua, 21, 24, 27, 42, 51, 219,

" 220, 24
pyrifornus, Hyalina, 220
pyriformis, Marginella, 220
pyriformis, Mcrovia, 220
pyriformis, Volutella, 24, 56, 219, 220

Q

quadratiim. Caecum, 174

Quadrifilatum, Bittium, 23, 28, 32, 40, 50, 177,

17S
qiiadrifilatum, Scmibittium, 178
qnadrifilatum, Stylidium, 178
4-tissatHm, Siphonodcntalinm, 119
quadrifissatHs, Cad ill lis, 46, i29
quadrifissatus, Siphonodcntalinm, 46

R

radians, Ccllana, 46

radians, Ischnochiton, 21, 24, 30, 43, 52, 27-/,

30. 31

radiata, Tellina, 102

Radsiclla, 277

ramsayi, Leda, 61

roT'a, Clatliurclla, 228

rava, Claviitula, 228

rcctirostris, Chrysodomns, 18, 24, 215

rectirostris, fE.vilia, 27, 216

rcctirostris, Exilioidca, 24, 27, 42, 51, 215

rectirostris, Plicifusiis, 216

rcctirostris, Sipho, 215

rectirostris, Tritoiwfnsns, 216

r^'c/n(j, Dcntalium, 24, 27, 34, 43, 49, 56, i;^,

17
rectnis, Rhabdus, 118, 17
rccnrvirostris lividus, Murex, Z^
Reeve, L., 12
rcevei, Colinnbclla, 212
regularis, fAmphichaena, 113
rcgularis, Chiton, 20, 56, 276, 277
regularis, Cvstiscus, 21, 24, 27, 42, 51, 220,

222, 24
regularis, Gari, 27, 44, 48, liJ, 15
rcgularis, Gobracus, 27, 113, 15
regularis, Hyalina, 222
regularis, Ischnochiton, 20, 30, 31, 43, 52, 268,

276
regularis, Ischnoradsia, 35
regularis, Lepidopleurus, 276
regularis, Marginella, 19, 24, 27, 222
regularis, Persicula, 222
regularis, Psammobia, 44, 113
regularis, Rhombochiton, 276, 31
Rehder, H.. 6
Reigen, F., 11

reticulata, Alvania, 15, 23, 29, 40, 49, 162
reticulata, Semele, 110
reticulata, Tellina, 110
reticulata, Turritella, 1 70
rcticulatum, Bittium, 176
reticulatus, Murex, 176
rctiporosa, Nodiscala, 193
retiporosa, Opalia, 17, 23, 50, 192, 193
rctiporosuin, F.pitonium, 28, 193
retiporosus, Ischnochiton, 17, 24, 30, 43, 52,

275, 30. 35
retiporosus, l.epidozona, 275, 30. 35
retiporosus, Trachydcrmon, 17, 275
Rexithaerus, 109
Rhabdus. 56, //S
rhines, Clathrodrillia, 27, 226
rhines, Moniliopsis, 226
rhines, Ophiodermella, 225
rhines, Surcnla, 225
Rhicorus. 240
rhodia, Margarita, 131
Wiorfia, Margarites, 22, 30, 49, 135

rhodia, Pupillaria, 134

Rhombochiton, 56, 27(5

Rich, Major, 11

richthofeni, Here, 86

richthofeni, Lucina, 56, 86

Rictaxis, 56, 2.?cV

rigida, Venus, 98

rimata, Barleeia, 25, 266, 20

Rissoa, 161

Rissoina, 161, i6J

rissoina, Mormnla, 256

Rochefortia, 88

rosacea, Acmaca, 16, 22, 29, 32, 38, 49, 225

f rosacea, Collisclla, 125

"rosacea," under Ciiwia/Oij'n'n.r, 225

rosacea, Cytharclla, 46

ro^act'a pileolus, Acmaca, 34

rojac^ju, 6"o/gH, 18, 25, 27, 38, 48, 114

Ross,—, 261

ro strata. Area, 61

rostrata, Nuculana, 61

rostrata, Volvula, 240

rostrata, Volvulclla, 240

rotundata, Kellia, 18, 25, 37, 87, 88

Rowell, J., 18

ruber. Turbo, 163

rubidus, Chlamys, 69

rubidus, Pcctcn, 25, 26, 69

rubra, Barleeia, 163

rubra, Lasaca, 45, 87, 91

rubra, Rissoa, 163

riibrilincata, Eulithidium, 150

rubrilineata, Phasianella, 45, 250

rubrolincata, Gari, 112

rubrolincata, Psammocola, 112

rubroradiata, Gari, 20

riibroradiata, Psammobia, 17, 112

rubro-radiata, Sanquinolaria, 112

r!u/^, Lepton, 90

r!(/a, Melania, 252

n«/a, Pyrgiscus, 252

rufesccns, Haliotis, 246

rufocinera, Terebra, 225

rufoides, Ostrea, 25

ritfotinctus, Omphalius, ?i?i

rugatum, Bittium, 23, 28_, 32, 40, 50, 179

rugatum, Scmibittium, 179

rugatus, Lepidopleurus, 30, 263

rugatus, Leptochiton, 19, 28, 30, 35, 46, 52, 263

rugifcra, Erycina, 90

rugifera, Pseudopythina, 21, 26, 37, 48, 9()

rugifcra, Pythina, 17, 90

rugosa, Crepidula, 20, 202

rugosus ritfotinctus, Omphalius, 33

Rupellaria, 100

rH/;7a, Sa/c/.f, 41, 50, 295

r;/^//a, E.itlima, 17, 195

r;///7rt, McUinclla, 195

Salmouca, Macra, 15, 22, 105
salmonea, Margarita, 16, 33, 34, 39, 49
salmouca, Moera, 34
salmonea, Moerella, 32, 105
salmouca, Peronidia, 105
salmonea, Psephidia, 20, 22, 37, 99
salmonea, Psephis, 16, 20, 22, 99
salmonea, Tellina, 22, 26, 38, 48, 105
salmoneus, Angulus, 32
salmoneus, Margarites, 22, 30, 2i5
salmoneus, Pupillaria, 135
samarangae, Cardiutn, 91
San Bias, 219

sanguinaeus, Homalopoma, 147
sanguinacus. Turbo, 147
saiiguinea, I.cptonyx, 39, 147
sanguinea, Leptothyra, 29, 34

INDEX

373

sanguinca, Turritdla, 169

sanguineus, Leptonyx, 16

sanguineus, Turbo, 147

San Juan, 219

San Juan, Bay of, 219

Santa Barbara, 19

"santa-barbarensis, Columbella," 212

Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara Channel, 134

satura, Amaura, 250

satura, Odostomia, 15, 23, 41, 52, 250

satura pupiformia, Odostomia, 250

saturalis, Glypliis, 32

scaber, Chiton, 265

scabcr, Lciomva, 26, 79

scaber. Plectodon, 16, 21, 26, 48, 79

scabra, Acmaea, 123

scabra, Leiomya, 21, 37

scabra, Xuttallina, 265, 266

scabricostatus, Ischnochiton, 2A, 30, 43, 52, 269,

275
scabricostatus, Lepidopleurus, 16
Scala, 183
Scalar ia, 183
scalarina, Anachis, 211
scalarina, Columbella, 211
scalaris, Turbo, 183
Scaphopoda, 118

scintillacformis, Coopcrclla, 16, 22
scintillaeformis, Oedalina, 16, 22, 101
Sclerochiton, 55
Scolixedion, 172
scotica. J 'en us, 80
scriptus. Murex, 209
scrobiculatus, Ischnochiton, 275
Scrobs, 159

sculpturatus, Pelaloconchus, 171
scutulata, Melarhaphe, 159
scutulata pullata, Littorina, 28, 44, 259
scutulata pullata, Melarhaphe, 159
scutum, Acmaea, 122
scutum cribaria, Acmaea, 29
sccta, Macoma, 109
j^c^a, Rexithaerus, 109
Semele, 110

semiasperum, Cardium, 91
semiasperum, Nemocardium, 91
Semibittium, 176
scmiliratus, Dendrochiton, 285
semistriata, Diala, 166
semi-striata, Pscudorotella, 144
semi-striata, Rotella, 144
fseptentrionalis, Axinea, 15, 63
septentrionalis, Glycymeris, 64
septentrionalis snbobsoletus, Pectuncidus, 34
serata, fAmalthea. 200
sericata, Axinopsida, 20, 21, 26, 37, 48
sericata, Cryptodon, 20, 21
sericatus, Axinopsis, 26, 84
Serpulorbis, 172

serratus, Hipponix, 29, 33, 45, 2()()
serratus, Imperator, 22, 39, 149
serratus, Ischnochiton, 30, 44, 52, 275, 32
serratus, Lepidozona, 275, 32
scrricata, Axinopsida, 84
serricatus, Cryptodon, 84
scrri^atus, Lucina, 17
Serridens, 55, 56, 89
sctosa, Besla, 55
setosa, Bryophila, 21, 32, 65
setosa. Philobrya, 21, 26, 48, 65
setulositm, Hemiarthrum, 56
Shoahvater Bay, 15
shorthand, English Presbyterian, 59
sicarius, Solen, 18
sicarius rosaceus, Solen, 114
sigmoidea, Strioturbonilla, 257
similis, Bithinia, 250

simplex, Acus, 224

simplex, Myurella, 19, 24, 224

simplex, Tcrebra, 27, 42, 51, 224

simpsonii, Mopalia, 281, 285

sinuata, Mopalia, 17, 21, 25, 31, 43, 53, 283

sinuata, Osteochiton, 28,3

sinuata, Placiphorella, 283

sinudentatus, Ischnochiton, 21, 30, 33, 43, 52,

276, 30
sinudentatus, Leptdoaona, 276, 30. 33
sipho, Siphonaria, 258
Siphonaria, 258
Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte Island, B.C.,

229
smithii, Volvula, 240
Solar iella, 138
Solemva, 60
Solen, 114
solen, Mytilus, 60
solcniformis, Adula, 74
soleniformis, Mytilus, 74
solcnoides, Darina, 115
solidula. Lacuna, 155, 156, 18
solidula carinafa, Lacuna, 153
solidula compacta. Lacuna, 23, 29, 34, i55,

18
Sowerby, G. B., 8, 12
"spcciosa, Modiola," 73
Sphenia. 116
Spiniscala, 187
splendens, Calliostoma, 16, 17, 22, 29, 39, 49,

140
splendens, Haliotis, 164
Spongiochiton, 55
spongiosa, Nodiscala, 192, 193, 22
spongiosa, Opalia, 17, 20, 23, 28, 41, 50, 192,

193, 22
spongiosum, Epitonium, 28, 193
spongiosum, Scalaria, 193
squamigcrns, Aletes, 25, 28, 50, 172, i/J
squamigerus, Serpulorbis, 34, 173
squamigcrns, Thylacodes, 173
squamigerus, Vermetus, 173
Squamopleura, 55
squamosus, Lepton, 90
squamosus, Solen, 90

squamulifera, Ocenebra, 20, 28, 41, 51, 2(?5
squatnulifera, Ocinebra. 35
squamulifera, Tritonalia, 28, 206
squamulifera. Trophon, 20, 205
squarrosns, Pcctcn. 19, 46, 72
Sta.-Barbarensis, Columbella, 32, 209
staminca, Callithaca. 97
staminea, Paphia, 96
staminca, Protothaca, 25, 48, 97
staminea forma orbella, Protothaca, 25, 26
staminca laciniata, Paphia, 96
staminea laciniata, Protothaca, 26, 96
staminea orbella, Callithaca. 97
staminea orbella, Paphia, 97
Stearns. R. E. C, 4
Sfenoplax, 55. 270
Sfcnoradsia, 55, 270
Stereochiton, 55
Stewart, R.. 85, 94
Stimpsoniclla. 55
Stoastoma, 160
Straits of De Fuca._219
straminea. Odostomia, 247
Strebloceras, 55
Streplochiton. 55
striata, Modclia, 153, 155
striata, Pholas. 118
strigatclla, Acmaea, 29, 44, 125
"strigillata, Acmaea, Nuttall," 25, 126
strigillata, Collisella, 125
striolata, Mangelia, 228

374

INDEX

Striotcrcbrum, 224

Strioturboiiilla, 257

Stutchburv, S., 8

stylma, Adiila, 15, 25, 31, Z7 , 74

styliva, Chemnitaia, 19, 20, 24

stylina, Striotnrbonilla, 257

stylitia, Tiirbouilla, 24, 52, 257, 22

subangulata, Bartschclla, 251

subangulata, Dunkeria, 55, 251

subapcrta, Chlorostoma, 142, 19

subaperta, Tcgula, 22, 142, 19

subcoronata, Scalaria, 1 7, 23

subcoroiiatum, Epitoniiim, 28, 40, 50, 187, 22

subcoroiiatum, Nitidiscala, 23, i(!f7, 22

subcHspidata, Cliemtiit::ia, 17, 23, 34, 253

subcuspidata, Fyrgiscus, 253

subcnspidata, Turbonilla, 253

subdiaphaua, Callista, 93

subdiaphaiia, dementia, 17, 21, 93

subdiapliana, Compsomvax, 21, 26, 37, 48, 55,

9.?
subdiaphaua, Coopcrclla, 26, 37, 48, iOi
subdiaphaua, Katheriuella, 93
subdiaphaua, Marcia, 26, 93
subdiaphaua, VeuereUa, 93
subclcvata, Lirularia, 133
subelevata, Margarita, 18, 132
subclcvatHS, Margarites, 22, iJJ, 17
subexpressus. Ischnochitou, 269, 275
sublirulala, Odostoinia, 247
subnodosa, Terebra, 225
subobsolcta, Axinaca, 21, 63
subobsoleta, Axinea, 15
subobsolcta, Glycymcris, 21, 26, 37, 48, 63
suhohsolctus, Fectuiicitliis, 34
suborbicularis, KcUia, 87
subplauata, Mesalia, 18, 171
subplauatuvi, Tachyryuchus, 171, 20
sithpupoidca. FeueHa, 142
subpupoidrKs, Halisfylns, 29, 142
siibpurpurca, J'olsella, 74
subquadrata. Cardita, 26, 82
subqiiadrata, Carditaniera. 82
subquadrata, Diplodonta. 26, 85
subquadrata. Glaus, 21, 26, 37, 48, ^2
subquadrata. Laaaria, 2\. 82
subquadratus, Taras, 26, 45, 55
subrotuudata, Algamorda. 159, 18
subrofnudata, TAssiminca, 15, 23, 159
subrotuudata. Litforina, 28, 39, 759, 18
subrufa?, Hippouix, 199
subspiralis. I.iriola. 260
subspiralis, fNacclla, 16, 24, 43, 259, 260
substriata, PhasiaucUa. 22, 29, 49, J50, 19
substriata. Tricolia. 151
subsfriatum. Eiilithidittm . 150, 151, 19
snbtenuis, Barleeia. 25, 29, 40, 50, 164. 7(55, 20
subtcuuis rimata. Barleeia. 25, 29. 40, 166, 20
subtriqoua. Circe, 32
subtrigona. Cystiscus. 21, 27, 42, 51, 220, 222,

subtriqoua. Ilyaliua. 222

subtriqoua. Marqiuclla. 19, 27, 222

subtriqoua, Fersicula. 222

subtiirrita, Auachis, 17, 24, 28, 42, 51, 272, 23

subturrita. ColumbeUa, 212

subturrita, Seminclla, 212

subulatum, Bucciuum. 224

subulatuin, Terebra, 224

subviridis, J.asaea, 45, 97

succiuta, Chiouc, 100

siiccincta, Gibbula, 15, 34, 136

succincta, Lirularia, 136

succinctiis, Margarites, 22, 30, 49, 7J6

sulcata, Astartc, 80

sulcata, Corbula, 116

supragranostivi, Calliostoma, 16, 22, 29, 39, 49,

139, 7-/0, 17
supralirata, Alaba, 32
suprastriata, Nucula, 45, 61
supravallata, Ethalia, 16, 22, 144
supravallainm, Fscudorotella, 144, 19
supravallatum, Teinostoma, 22, 30, 39, 49, 74'^,

19

Swan, J. G., 14, 31, 109
Swanuii, Keunerleyi, 15
S7i'auii, Mopalia, 25, 53, 25i
S'ii'anuii, Mopalia, 15, 43, 283
A'.v'Trro, 167

T
tahulala, Daphuclla, 234
tabulata, l.ora, 27, 234
tabulata, Maugdia, 24, 33, 35, 234
tabulata, ?Manqclia, 1 5

tabulata, Fropcbcla, 21, 24, 27, 42, 51, 2i-/, 25
tabulata, Turris, 234
Tachyrhynchus , 170
Tagelus, 114
Taras, 85
Taylor, A. S., 18
Tccturclla, 55
Tecturiua, 55
Tcqula, 141
Teiuostoma 144
tclcscopium, Chrvsallida, 32
tcllimvalis, Petricola, 22, 26, 48, 70fl
tcllimyalis, Fscphis, 22, 100
tellimvalis, Rupellaria, 100
Tclliua, 102
tenera, Macoma, 108
tcucrrima, Callithaca, 96
teuerrima, Frotothaca, 25, 26, 37, 48, 97
tcucrrima, Tapes, 25, 55, 96, 97
Teng-Chien Yen, 57
tenuicula, Chcmnitcia, 34, 253
tenuicitla, Fyrgiscus, 253, 21
teuuicnia, Turbonilla, 20, 23, 25 J, 21
teuuilirata, Fatella, 46
"tcuuilirata, Fatella." 128
teuuirostris, Macoma, 110
tenuis, Amphithalamus, 160
tenuis, Evalea, 247
tenuis, Mumiola, 247
tenuis, Odostomia, 247
tcnuiscnlpta, Acmaca, 124
tenuisculpta, Alabina, 23, 28, 40, 50
tcnuiscnlpta, Boreotrophon, 207
tenuisculpta, Evalea, 247 , 21

tenuisculpta, Lucina, 17, 26, 33, 37, 48, 56, 5(5
tenuisculpta, Marqarita, 18, 25, 33, 34
tenuisculptus, Margarites, 25, 30, 38, 49, 729
tenuisculpta, f Mesalia, 16, 23
tenuisculpta. Myrtca, 86
tenuisculpta, Neptunea, 207

tenuisculpta, Ocencbra, 20, 28, 41, 51, 207, 23
tenuisculpta, Odostomia, 15. 23, 41, 52, 2-^7, 21
tenuisculpta, Farz'iluciua, 26, 56
tenuisculpta, Fhacoides, 86
tenuisculpta. Scurria. 123
tenuisculpta. Tritonalia. 28
tenuisculptus, Tropbou. 19, 207
tenuisculptus, Trophouopsis, 207
Terebra, 224
terebra. Turbo. 168
terebra. Turrit ella. 168
terebralis, Chcmuitcia, 253
terricula, h'ura. 250
terricula, Odostomia, 46, 250
Test. A. R., 123
textilis. Chiton. 260
textilis, Ischnochitou, 269
thaca, Frothaca, 96

INDEX

375

thaca, Venus, 96

thamnopora, Dendrochiton, 2S4

thamnopora, Mopalia, 284

thersites, Balcis, 23, 28, 41, SO, 196

Thersitcs, Eulima, 19, 23, 28, 196

thersites, Liriola, 258

thersites, MelancUa, 196

Thersites, Siphonaria, 1 5

thersites, Siphonaria, 25, 43, 52, 56, 258

thersites, Vitreolina, 196

Thcstyleda, 61

Thomas, H., 11

tiara, Epitonium, 25, 28, 188

tiara, Scalaria, 25, 188

tincta, Scala, 188

tincta, Scalaria, 15, 23, 1S8

tinctutit, Epitonium, 23, 28, 40, 50, 185, 187,

188
Tinostoma, 144
'•Tivela." 96
togata, Tclliiia. 60
Tomlin, J. R. Le B., 93
ToniccUa, 55
ftoreuma, Patella, 46
"fforcuma, Patella," 128
Tornatella, 237
tornatilis, Actcon, 237
tornatilis. Valuta, 237
foroja, Drillia, 24, 32, 232
torosa, Pseudomelatoma, 24, 27, 42, 51, 2J2
torosa aurantia, Pseudomelatoma, 24, 27, 42,

51, 232
torquata, Chcmnitzia, 24, 257
torquata stylina, Chemnifaia, 257
trachea. Caecum, 173
trachea, Dentalinm, 173
Trachydcrma, 285
Trachydermon, 55, 263, 25-/
Trachyradsia, 55

translucens, Assiminea, 25, 29, 40, 50, i67
translucens, Jeffreysia, 25, 29, 167
translucens, fJeffreysia, 17
trapezia, Glans, 82

triangularis, Acmaea, 18, 20, 22, 29, 38, 49, i2<5
triangularis, Nacclla, 16, 33, 126
triangularis, Trophon, 17, 28
triangularis casta, Acmaea, 127
triangulatns, Austrotrophon, 208
triangulatus, Borcotrophort, 208
triangulatus, Nacclla, 35
triangulatus, Trophon. 20, 24. 207
triangulatus, Trophonopsis, 20, 24, 28, 41, 51,

Tricolia, 151

tridcntata, Chcmnitzia, 24, 254, 256

tridentata, Lancea, 256

tridcntata, Mormnla, 256

tridentata, Turhonilla, 24, 41, 52, 25d

tridcntata aurantia. Chcmnitzia, 254

trifida, I schnoradsia, 277

trifidus, Ischnochiton, 17, 24. 30, 43, 52, 277

frifidus, Trachydermon, 17, 24, 56, 277

trifidus, Tripoplax. 277

Tripoplax, 56, 277

Tristam, H. B.. 4

trisfensis, Siphonaria, 258

Trochiscus, 143

Trophonopsis, 207

Truncaria, 213

truncata. Bulla. 241

truncatulus. Bulla, 241

truncafulus, Colcophysis, 241

truncatulus, Utriculus, 241

truncatum, Cerithidca, 175

Tuangia, 96

tuhcrcularis, Ccrithiopsis, 182

tuberculosa, Amphiroa, 127

Tuhcria, 55

tubcrosa. Alia, 210

tubcrosa, Amycla, 19, 32, 210

tuberosa, Astyris, 210

tubcrosa, Cohimbclla, 28, 210

tuberosa, Mitrella, 21, 28, 41, 51, 2i0, 26

tumbczcnsis, Acquipccten, 72

tumbezensis, Leptopecten, 72

tumbczcnsis, Pccten, 46, 72

tumens, Amalthea, 199

tumens, Capulus, 199

fMwe)!5-, Hipponix, 24, 29, 41, 50, i99, 21

tumens, Hipponyx, 19

tumens, Planorbis, ZZ

tnmida, Mysclla, 21, 26, 37, 48, S5, 7

tumida, Rochcfortia, 26, 88

tumid a. Tapes, 97

tumida, Tellimya, 17, 21, 88

Turbonilla, 251

turricula, Ivara, 250

turricula, Murex, 234

turricula, Odostomia, 46, 250

turricula, Propebela, 234

turrita, Aclis, 182

turrita, Alabina, 23, 40, 50, l^i, 20

turrita, Styliferina, 17, 181

Turritella, 168

typica, Eulithidium, 150, -Z5/

typica, Phasianella, 150, 251

typus, Cuspidaria, 78

U
ulvac, Hvdrobia, 165

undata, Amphissa, 24, 28, 41, 51. 2n, 23
undata, Amycla, 16, 24, 211
undata, Columbella, 211
undata, Lucina, 33, 58
undatella, Chione, 20, 99
undatum, Anellum, 32
undatimi. Caecum, 32
undosa, Astraca, 22, i'/9, 19
tiudosus, Trochus, 149
unifasciata, Chcmnitzia, 253
unifasciata, Lacuna, 23, 25. 29, 34, 39, 49, 75(5,

157, 19
unifasciata, h'itidiscala, 184
unifasciata, Sclaria, 184
unifasciata auranfiaca. Lacuna, 25, 29, 39, 49,

i57
Upogcbia, 90
Utriculus, 241

V

vagina, Solen, 114

Vahlii, Margarita, 25, 30, 129

valdczi, Pyrgolampros, 256

valdesi, Turhonilla, 256

volvulus, Pctrasma, 60

volvulus, Solemya, 26, 44, 48, (50

Vancouver, B. C.. 35

vancouverensis, Acteon, 238

vancouvercnsis, Monocciostrac, 67

varia, Diala, 166

Z'ariabilis, Gari, 111

variabilis, Gobracus, 111

varicosa mazatlanica, Ccrithidea, 32

varicgata, Bcla, 232

variegata, Cythara, 231, 232

variegata, Daphinella, 231, 232

variegata, Eucosmia, 22, 58, 150, 151

varieoata. Lacuna. 15, 23, 29, 33, 34, 39, 49,

i57. 19
variegata, Manqclia, 21, 24, 27, 42, 51, 228,

2.? 7, 25
variegata. Phasianella, 150. 151
variegata, Pleurotoma, 232

376

INDEX

varicgata, Tfllina, 26, 38, 4S, 104

varicgata, Terebra, 224

varicgatum, Calliostoma, 18, 22, 29, 39, 49,

141, 17
varicgatus, Anguhis, 15, 104
variegalHS, Oheliscus, 243
Velain, Ch., 88

vclata, Placiphorclla, 31, 46, 279
Velutina, 202
relulixa. Bulla. 202
velutina, I'dutiiia, 202
ventricosus. Pecteii, 70, 71
z'cntricosus, Plagioclcnium, 71
i^eredentieus, Isclinocliitoii, 16, 24, 30, 43, 52,

269, 29
veredentteiis, Lepidozotta, 269
vcrnalis, Williamia, 25*5
vesperitinalis. Psaiiivwcola. 112
vcspcrliua, Psammobia, 111
7'espcrtiuus. Soleii, 111
vUlicrsii, Plcurotoma. 228
villosior, Astheiwlhaerus, 26, 44, 48, 55, 75
vincta. Lacuna, 156
t'irginalis, ChrysaUida, 245
virginalis, Odostoinia, 46, 275
virginca. Acmaea, 125
r/rofo, Chcmnitcia, 19, 24, 254
vir(/o, Pvrgiscus, 254
virgo, TurboniUa, 24. 41, 52, 254
viridula, Adinete, 223
viridis, Axinopsida. 85
vitens, MangeUa, 229
vitrcum, Caecum, 32
vitrenm, Fartulnm, 32
vitreum clarkii, Caecum, M

VitrincUa, 160

]' itrinula, 55

'•olcano, Fisstirella, 20, i2i, 18

I'ol sella, 73

I 'olvula, 240

/ ■olvnlella, 240

vulgaris, Gari, 111

vulgaris, Velutina, 202

W
Webb, Dr., 63
'iVethcrcUii, Acteociiia, 241
wctherellii. Acteon, 241
Whitney, T. D., 4
Wilkins, G. L., 7, 68, 94, 95, 97, 100, 107, 113,

121. 126, 175, 184, 188, 205, 218, 265, 277,

280
Williamia, 258
Woofi, C. W., 8
Woodrinjj. W. P., 94
Woodward, S. P.._ 12
7voodzvardi, Rissoina, Zi, 163
Worsley, S., 8

Xantus, J., 18, 31
Xiphio::ona, 262

Yod. Leiostraca, ZTi

voldiformis, Macoma. 17, 22, 27, 34, 38, 48,
108

Zenxis, 214