c^ MONTANA STATE LIBRARY liiiin I III nil III! iniiiiiiii iiii iiiiiiiu iiii 3 0864 1001 6094 7 USE SUPPORT IN BIG SPRING CREEK BASED ON PERIPHYTON COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE Prepared for: State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 2 00901 Helena, Montana 59620-0901 Project Officer: Carol Endicott DOCUMENTS COLLECTIOl Prepared by: Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue Helena, Montana 59601 STATE LIBRARY E. 6th AVE. NTANA 59520 March 1999 ism Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue • Helena. MT 59601 • (406) 443-2196 e-mail: lbahls0selway.umt.edu March 7, 1999 Ms . Carol Monitoring ^^^nd Department Cif En P.O. Box 2 0Cr90I:.v/ • Helena, MT 5^620 H lanagement Bureau lental -Quality Big Sprin§^^ Creek Re; Dear Carol, Enclosed is a copy 'of my collected last summer from B Diatom metrics indicatfted full five of the stations tl:?a.t were s made impairment at the tv*,Q upst impairment --caused by silC^tion- -at Pollution-tolerant green alfefae and d nutrient enrichment below Le^stown. KJt&K. '^^W:^$ n analysis of per iphy tori sample's Sp^hg Creeks, near Lewistowm'-W^v^^' •' of aqu^'tic life uses at all , with:-:^p measurable *man-;;, s ■ and only minor -' ■ three downstream" sites .' '" iridic&ed minor ■^'•-^^^'^'^^-^•■'•4^"'^^ .Please let me know if you have any quest: r?'""- enclosed. Thanks for the work. -"^i. :.--■. m" Sincerely, My iELVoice'"is ' ""', M.X-i'v.ci* \^ ^ • .• -''-Qf^-'^ii^:^^ ;/ ■•-■'■S'r-- '-•Lor en L . Bahl s , ; : 'Ph . D Phycoiogist Enclosures /:.>'';;",--.::v5i'-;^j^'iV V Enclosures: Big Spring preek. Report and ';Invqice (M^. ;-,i:-/fi:>'iii-- -k'- V'---'. ' >f ■ frustuiia bahlsii Bdlund and Brant SUMMARY Composite periphyton samples were collected at five sites on Big Spring Creek in August 1998. Samples were collected at two sites in the B-1 section of the stream above Lewistown and at three sites in the B-2 section below Lewistown. The samples were analyzed using standard methods for the rapid bioassessment of stream periphyton. Big Spring Creek above Lewistown had a non-diatom flora consisting of the blue-green alga Phormidiuin, plus mosses and aquatic macrophytes . This flora is typical of spring creeks with a steady flow of cold water. Green algae appeared at the Carroll Trail site and were abundant from there downstream. Organic enrichment was indicated by the appearance of SCigeoclonium at Carroll Trail and dominance by this alga at the Spring Creek Colony. Cladophora was also very abundant at the three downstream stations. Dominance by Cocconeis placentula below the hatchery was related to the abundance of aquatic macrophytes at this site. Diatom metrics indicated that this site had excellent water quality in all other respects. Diatom species composition indicated minor siltation and nutrient enrichment below Lewistown, but full support of aquatic life uses. A moderate change in species composition between the control (hatchery) site and Burleigh's Easement indicated that a significant change occurred in this reach. The nature of this change is unclear, but may be related to natural marl {calcium carbonate) deposits on the stream bottom. Carroll Trail, Spring Creek Colony, and the site near the mouth all had somewhat dissimilar diatom floras when compared to the control site below the hatchery, but this is to be expected given the distance downstream, intervening tributaries, and the change in stream classification. Minor changes in the diatom flora were noted between Burleigh's Easement and Carroll Trail, and between Carroll Trail and Spring Creek Colony. The diatom flora near the mouth of Big Spring Creek was not measurably different from the flora at Spring Creek Colony, indicating no additional sources of impairment in this reach. Diatom metrics indicated full support of aquatic life uses at all five sites sampled on Big Spring Creek, with no man-made impairment at the two upstream sites and only minor impairment at the three downstream sites . INTRODUCTION This report evaluates the support of aquatic life uses, and probable causes of impairment to those uses, in Big Spring Creek near Lewistown, in central Montana. This evaluation is based on the species composition and cummunity structure of periphyton (benthic algae) communities at five sites on Big Spring Creek that were sampled in August 1998. The periphyton or phytobenthos is a diverse assortment of simple photosynthetic organisms, called algae, that live attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Most algae, such as the diatoms, are microscopic. Although individual diatoms are not visible to the naked eye, they often carpet a stream bottom with a slippery brown film. Some algae, such as the filamentous greens, are conspicuous and their luxuriant growth in response to nutrient enrichment may deplete dissolved oxygen, interfere with fish spawning, clog irrigation intakes, and cause other problems. Collectively, the phytobenthos accounts for practically all of the primary production and much of the biological diversity in the mountain streams of Montana (Bahls et al . 1992) . Stevenson and Bahls (1999) list several advantages for using periphyton in biological assessments of streams: • Algae are universally present in large numbers in all streams, and unimpaired periphyton assemblages typically support a large number (>30) of species; • Algae have rapid reproduction rates and short life cycles, making them useful indicators of short-term impacts; • As primary producers, algae are most directly affected by physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, nutrients, and toxins; • Sampling is easy and inexpensive, and causes minimal impact to resident biota and their habitat; • Standard methods and criteria exist for evaluating the composition, structure, and biomass of algal associations,- and • Excess algae in streams is often perceived as a problem by the public. It is an objective of the federal Clean Water Act, and of the USEPA and state agencies that implement the Act, to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters" (Section 101). In response to this directive, the State of Montana has developed methods and criteria for evaluating various levels of biological integrity and use impairment in Montana streams (Bahls 1993, Bukantis 1998) . Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of the natural habitats within a region" (Karr and Dudley 1981) . The Clean Water Act further directs states to develop pollution control plans (Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited waterbodies . Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that do not meet state water quality standards, that is, do not fully support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and EPA regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water quality standards for all water-quality limited waters (MDEQ 1998) . The underlying purpose of this report is to provide ^P information that will help the state determine whether Big Spring Creek is water-quality limited and in need of a TMDL . PROJECT AREA AND SAMPLING SITES Big Spring Creek is located in Fergus County near the city of Lewistown in central Montana. Big Spring, a few miles southeast of Lewistown, is the source of Big Spring Creek and generates most of its streamflow. Major tributaries of Big Spring Creek head in the Big Snowy Mountains, an outlier of the Middle Rockies Ecoregion (Omernik and Gallant 1987) . Periphyton samples were collected at five stations on Big Spring Creek (Table 1) . The two sites above Lewistown are classified B-l in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards. Recreation, fish and aquatic life uses in upper Big Spring Creek are threatened by land development and discharges from a fish hatchery (MDEQ 1998) . Below Lewistown, aquatic life, fish and recreation uses are partially impaired by agriculture, channelization, domestic wastewater, the Lewistown wastewater treatment plant, stormwater runoff, animal confinement facilities, and silviculture (MDEQ 1998) . The three sites below Lewistown are classified B-2. METHODS Periphyton samples were collected in August 1998 using the composite, multi-habitat technique described by Bahls (1993). All samples were collected by MDEQ personel as one component of a suite of biological, habitat, and water quality assessments. Samples were examined to estimate the relative abundance and rank by biovolume of diatoms and genera of soft (non-diatom) algae according to the method described in Bahls (1993). After the identification of soft algae, raw periphyton samples were cleaned of organic matter and permanent diatom slides were prepared in Hyrax mounting medium following Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998) . For each slide, 400 diatom cells (800 valves) were counted at random and identified to species using standard taxonomic references . The diatom proportional counts were used to generate an array of diatom association metrics (Table 2) . A metric is a characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999) . Metric values from study sites are compared to numeric criteria for Montana streams (Table 3) . These criteria are based on metric values measured in least-impaired reference streams (Bahls et al . 1992) and on metric values measured in streams exhibiting various sources and causes of pollution (Bahls 1993) . Because of inherent differences in periphyton composition and community structure between mountain streams and prairie streams, two different sets of criteria are available. Although Big Spring Creek is shown on a map of Montana ecoregions (Omernik and Gallant 1987) as flowing mostly through the Northwestern Great Plains, the Lewistown area is relatively cool and moist and compares more favorably to the Montana Valley and Foothill Prairie ecoregion. For this reason, and because Big Spring Creek supports cold- and cool-water fisheries and associated aquatic life, metric values will be compared to criteria developed from mountain streams . In some cases, natural stressors (e.g., high gradient, low 6 light, cold temperatures, low nutrients) can mimic the effects of man-caused impairment on these metrics. An experienced phycologist with some knowledge of the study stream can usually sort out the natural stressors from the man-made ones. The criteria in Table 3 distinguish among four levels of impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no impairment or only minor impairment (full support); moderate impairment (partial support); and severe impairment (nonsupport) . These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and poor biological integrity, respectively. Only periphyton samples collected in summer (June 21- September 21) can be compared to reference stream samples because metric values change seasonally and summer is the season in which reference streams were sampled for biocriteria development. The similarity index, which measures the degree of floristic affinity between a study site and an upstream control site, may be used at any time of the year. The similarity index may also be used to guage the relative amount of impairment or recovery that occurs between adjacent study sites (Table 3) . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results are presented in Tables 4 and 5, located near the end of this report following the Literature Cited section. In each table, stations and their associated data are listed in order from upstream to downstream (left to right) . Completed diatom proportional count forms are attached as Appendix A. NON-DIATOM (SOFT) ALGAE Upper Big Spring Creek had a relatively simple algal flora consisting of diatoms and Phormidium, a filamentous blue-green alga or cyanobacterium (Table 4) . Mosses and/or watercress made up the bulk of the periphyton samples collected at the upper two sites. Some water buttercup {Ranunculus sp . ) was also present at Burleigh's Easement. Competition for resources by mosses and vascular plants may be responsible for the low algal diversity in upper Big Spring Creek. Constant flows and cold water temperatures originating from the Big Spring probably contributed to the low diversity of non-diatom alge in this reach. Green algae, which prefer cool but not extremely cold waters, appeared at the Carroll Trail site and were abundant at all three stations on the lower creek (Table 4) . Cladophora was the dominant alga at the Carroll Trail site and near the mouth. Oedogonium and Spirogyra, which prefer warmer, nutrient -rich waters, were also present at Carroll Trail. Stigeoclonium, often an indicator of organic enrichment, appeared at the Carroll Trail site and peaked in abundance at the Spring Creek Colony (Table 4) . Periphyton samples collected at the lower two sites contained large amounts of sediment . DIATOM ALGAE Seven species dominated the diatom associations in Big Spring Creek (Table 5) . All but one of these species- -Navicula cryp to tenel la -- is sensitive to organic enrichment (Lange-Bertalot 1979). This species, along with other pollution- tolerant taxa {Navicula reichardtiana, Navicula capitatoradiata, Nitzschia palea) tended to peak in abundance at the three downstream sites. Even with increases in pollution- tolerant species at these sites, pollution index values were all within acceptable limits (Table 5 and Table 3) . Relatively small numbers of Achnanthes minucissima indicated little or no physical, chemical or biological disturbance and relatively stable periphyton communities throughout Big Spring Creek (Table 5) . Cocconeis placentula, an epiphytic diatom, probably peaked below the hatchery because of an abundance of macrophyte hosts at this site. The minor impairment indicated by the large relative abundance of this taxon is the result of natural factors- -stable flows and heavy plant growth- -operating at this site. Diatom species diversity was healthy and relatively constant over the length of Big Spring Creek (Table 5) . The number of diatom species was largest at 50 below the hatchery, then declined downstream to between 34 and 38 at the remaining sites. Diatom associations with more than 30 species are considered normal and healthy. The siltation index was smallest below the hatchery. Here and at Burleigh's Easement, the small siltation index values indicated no impairment. At Carroll Trail, Spring Creek Colony, and near the mouth, elevated siltation index values indicated minor impairment but still full support of aquatic life uses. No abnormal or teratological cells were observed during the diatom proportional counts . The diatom association at Burleigh's Easement had less than 40% of its flora in common with the control site below the hatchery (Table 5) . Adjacent sites on the same stream, without intervening pollution sources or tributaries, can be expected to have at least 60% of their floras in common (Bahls 1993) . Dissimilarity between these two sites may be related to natural marl (calcium carbonate) deposits on the stream bottom at Burleigh's Easement. Marl deposits are created when diurnal pH peaks, created by plant photosynthesis, cause calcium carbonate to become insoluble and to precipitate on the stream bottom. Diatom floras at Carroll Trail, Spring Creek Colony and near the mouth were even more unlike the flora at the upstream control site below the hatchery (Table 5) . This is to be expected, however, given the intervening tributaries and the change in classification (from B-1 to B-2) that occurs between the control site and these lower three stations. Pollution sources in this reach would cause further divergence of floristic similarity from the upstream control site. When diatom floras between adjacent sites are compared, minor changes are indicated between between Burleigh' s Easement and Carroll Trail, and between Carroll Trail and Spring Creek Colony (Table 5) . The diatom floras at Spring Creek Colony and near the mouth are essentially the same, indicating that no significant perturbations (and no significant recovery) occurred in this reach of the creek. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Carol Endicott of the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Monitoring and Data Management Bureau, provided the author with copies of field data and with other helpful information about station locations and sources and causes of impairment along Big Spring Creek. LITERATURE CITED American Public Health Association. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. A.P.H.A., Washington, D.C. Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana Streams (Revised) . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. 10 Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of water quality. Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci . 38:1-6. Bahls, L., R. Bukantis, and S. Tralles. 1992. Benchmark Biology of Montana Reference Streams . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.C. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Revision to Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates , and Fish. EPA 841-D-97-002 {Revised 1999) . Bukantis, R. 1998. Rapid Bioassessment Macroinvertebrate Protocols: Sampling and Sample Analysis SOPs . Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena. Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69. Lange-Bertalot , H. 1979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia 64 :285-304 . McFarland, B.H., B.H. Hill, andW.T. Willingham. 1997. Abnormal Fragilaria spp . (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by mine drainage. Jour, of Freshwater Ecology 12(1) : 141-149. MDEQ. 1998. Waterbodies In Need of TMDL Development. Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena. Omernik, J.M., and A.L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the west central United States (map) . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. Stevenson, R.J., and L.L. Bahls. 1999. Chapter 6, Periphyton, in Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.C. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling, Revision to Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Rivers: Periphyton Macroinvertebrates, and Fish. EPA 841-D-97-002 (Revised 1999) . Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect communities in the Great Smokey Mountains. 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Ad tal pert Bahls 19 that oc 9.9% = s oderate OJ CTTl 4J CO i-H 03 CL) CU XJ E c cnTD u o 1 1 C C Q) 0) •H X o H 0 0 0 0 •H 05 nH C i-> (U LD 0 LD in 0 Ln 4J CU 0 3 73 05 ~ cn rH C iLnE n >-i cn 0 i-i 1 0 Cn>4-i E C 0 0 -- !h cn >, rH M A V tn Cn c o V-i CU C 03 ft [ndex ite t he de sum 0 both viron commo recov ; 40. loras 0 1-1 -H x-i 4J cn i-i >> -- cn 3 0 4-1 C 1 1 05 U-l •H X O CT\ 0 cn 0 cr\ 0 ■H rH 05 cn 0) c cn 0 cn 0 cn 0 cn 4J 0 C 0 n-i 1-1 03 C cn 1-4 TJ C s., 0 4J 0 c i-i cn rr>.cnx; -Hoci-i CU V^ 05 C 0 C 03 (N ON OJ H H H 4J :3 4J -H > M x: A V .^'a04JCi-4 0503 •H 4J C 4J •H C/2 0 1,31-1 oocn4Jx:H 1-4 03 0 OJ Q — 4J 4J ^4-i3cnE tocu-H J^cncn-HEcnv-10 E .7] 15 0 0 0 e 0 -H U C 2 W i-l 03 0 H -^ 4-J r-i 0 1-1 0 1-1 U 4J 03 >, C 03 cn 4-1 rH 0 a, 0 0 1-1 cO50'DU-HHSCcn .5 EC ^ n-i -H cn • U 4-1 0 u D C rH c a T3 > 0 n -H -H E d\ 4J 0 3 4-) -H 3 0 rH iJ 0 a rr)0 05cn03 05- -H cn 1-1 C 4-) cn 1-1 rH Cl4 ^^ 2 c/: s >: > Oi e -H m g; 3 o u O 4-1 a, >, Sh fO C/3 S-l Q) •H 0) 4-t T3 CD > 4J • •H Ai 3 4J M-l PQ M OJ XJ C O QJ SJ E u >- „,^ ^_^ (U -H E U c CN H n 4J TJ 3 M-l - en 0 — (0 (U M 4J c=: 7^ < < «; & CQ 0 TD C •H P > > > OJ m ^^ o ^ 14-1 4-1 T3 a 6 O >, U C w o X3 (U 3 m (0 ■-H X! 4J J^ nH m - J3 a C O JJ 3 rO U II -H O >-i r— 1 S E W < i-H , , — , ^ ^-^ _ ^.^ m TJ QJ O -H rH m ■sD LD (N ^ * C .-1 - S_l -H > > QJ % (0 .-H en E Oi m M --H O E cn 0) c u n3 T! u o m cn QJ •u >, •H C M >, >-i w cn x; •H m x: (D ^ ■r-l ij m en a > X 4J m ^ II 0) H fS 4J U-I U-l O c o u 4-1 au 0 > c 5 U 0 3 cn Q) OJ -H - 3 X5 j-i ■H C OJ o X! 01 cn m m E X 'O CD E ^ QJ XJ 0) C rH o >, x; cn 3 (15 U i-l OJ Oi QJ XI S QJ 13 x; fO E II o x: __^ __^ a 4J o rH u (N rH 3 QJ Q) JJ U (U i-> Xl E -H -H CQ n3 < < 0) E O !-l J-l TD • fO ij-l n3 1 00 E cn .-H C cr\ QJ cn OJ 0 CTi tn QJ >-l C H cn f-i QJ ft TD ^ -U J-i O '^ '^ QJ £ OJ 0 W u m ■u P U CO rtj ffl Cn QJ E i-i 3 g ij c •H QJ < H to n3 0 4-1 C •H S XJ W (U c fO 5 q E >i w cn-H nJ ^H § ro O n) 3 T3 ^M x; jJ 0 •'^ H -H 4J nj M S^ ft m >1 -r; d ^ o >, W OJ 73 "5 O ■H i-l • X XI Q. 0 tn 0 £ B >i •-! rn C; ■^ (C Pi 0 tn 0 OJ cu O ^ e cn m ^ 0 H 0 'a 0 is Cn o iS 0, u QJ cn w C ft QJ U m "O •'^ ■M n (D 0 0 m ro t-i XI O J3 o c^ 4J Co ^ ji -H Q cn 0 2 o5 2 Q) x: H U u G ^ CN n x: x: ij • J-J -H ro C -H S ■H 3 0) W rH ^ W cr d; DQ cr m c 03 (B -H fc i*-! n3 uj O y-i 0 i-i o s^ o C ^ u-i j-1 :3 W ^ J-i O c^n u o e 3 QJ O Q, ;:^ J-) a Q, 0) ^ u a D ^ > OJ =! W X! i-H m fo -O ■-• 'HO) C O -H fC T) S U .H -H (0 :3 i-1 3 - W U-l J-i w (u m u cu M 0) a, o -H Dj U IM U E fO (D QJ re U 4-1 n3 Oi tn -H fO -H cn T) u V-i C C -H 0) E O -H ^3 J-J O 4J C -H •u >, w -H u ro ii: OJ u •H a 3 n TJ -H ,-1 0) c V-i fD 3 O V^ QJ > rH 0 Q4 nJ TD •m TD !> OJ ft3 V-i QJ en e o c •0 m U-l -H rH Xi ^ <-{ 0 O tn u J3 -u U OJ C OJ -H x) •- 0) u >-( G 4-) E C 4J D C C (0 0) (U -H -O £ E ro c ■ i-i a 3 C 00 -H E XI O en ro -H rO -H (Ti ci, iJ .-1 E OJ ■U fO -H J_) C -H JJ fC 0 U W V-i V-l u o :3 0 0) >-i W tD C XJ 0) W 3 -H 0 oj fo < E e in QJ M £1 m E-i x: in jJ 0) o 2; 2 OJ 0) u en c -H a > c o r-H O o iH (0 fO H u - J-) x; c CD OJ •H E OJ OJ i-H w V^ (0 D w CQ > U 3 OJ o x; ^ u OJ u DD ro CO in in rH in C^ o ro in m o in in r^ r-n in O CO o o 'a' (N 00 00 un o o CM r^ Lfl un CN in M3 O in (N r^ o o o ■^ (N O o in o in (N H n o in o U3 ro rH ID O rH 00 o o m OJ in r~ c^ in CM tN o r^ 00 00 t^ v£) vu o CN o r^ -vT (N r^ m o o IX) -^ rsi ro M3 rH ro U fO -^ _^ 5 m 0 •'H rn ^ — u u (0 M ro -^ •H C en 3 — ro P >H ro ■•H JJ >H iJ q en u QJ 0) 3 OJ -M ei) 3 S ^ q 0 q Is q ■^ 0 ■-H ro -M rtj -ri 0] H e M ^ tn 5 0 Q.'iH r^ •H C en fO 3 rB U O 0) en :> 5 d) -H x; •ri ro QJ Q, jJ ■u QJ r^ (0 q W 3 c q M ^ 0 •-f m 0 Qj 0 x; 0 ^ 0 ^ 4J C^ 0 e fc 1^ CU u 0 S,TH o ^- 'i; u cj Q D rH 03 1) 4J in ^ O -u (0 fO r-l r^ tj O )> > ^ is; 73 0 u c o u en 0 CJ Vh 0 3 s JJ •H en >H 0 > •H Q en 0 •H u 0 a c o c c (0 x: CO X 0 c c o ■H JJ 3 o 0 o (0 J-1 w O in in rsi X 0 Ti 0 u fO XI u JJ en ■H Q ro ro ro CO ro t~~ in in in in (^ o U3 ro rH [^ UJ (N (N (N (N U) in r- >Xi t-- CO in o rH o ro o H o o ro (N O rH in o in 0 jJ O U en 0 •H U 0 a HH o u 0 3 S in (N o CO r^ in en 0 -rl U 0 a CO c ro C -H e o Q JJ c 0 u ^H 0 o o o o o o o o 0 u ro o c JJ c 0 u u 0 a. in CN o 00 m ro CN CTl in CO m o CN CO un r^ cr> ro cri r^ O O 0 • JJ O -H o en E ro 0 U jJ en a 3 0 >,JJ u c 0 0 X u U ro jJ -r-i X ro -a K ro 0 C O O jJ JJ >,'0 T! JJ 0 0 ■H Sh in ^ fO ro ro a a rH E E ■rl O O E U U ■H CO o 0 u o E Sh o OJ c 0 u 0 a JJ ^ Si o " " 0 a E ro en ro X 1 1 en u 0) ■H n jj n ro jJ en en (0 0 0 C Sh 0 E ■H u 0 o T) 0 0 u c o 0) X JJ ro en T3 0 en 0 •rl jJ C 3 D o 0 u a rn en •-t E r-i n 0 jj U ro H E TJ u jj >H ro 0 r~i H 73 ro E 0 X APPENDIX A: DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNTS Houma ea/09-98/250 SITE SAMP TAXA CHEM DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT ite-Sample No.. 76" :5 Notebook No . II Page No. -^S Water and Location ^"=^ .Sp<,^ C< ejiJU- vsXxr^ Sample Date <^6 / M I ^Q . Community_ Collector/AQencvC. g^^cU-^i^-ff- IMbe.(S HUC . Reach No. U^gJ-ci<-CA-^ (^■^^rvt-frgl S\\vS) Project I <^1?( Substrate M County Vb.(L^oJ^ Cells Counted 4oo Total Species _ ^ ^ ■ Species Counted So Diversity Index 3.7(^^ . Pollution Index ^-i^^C> . Siltation Index lo. 7| . Similarity Index (compared to site- sample no. l"75S - o> \ ) lo-o- oo . No. Tax on ^ No . egJri-6 V<^^v^es PRA PTC ®- Ci cx^^jy^x^ . .p (^cjPM i-r^J^ pAci . v/oaS . L,^i,A,r(^^ .q^tj^pffy 322- -^az-S" 111 o, so 4ciiki-,^^.1-U..s CxM.Cf^ (tf^ig^ fiAcJ. va-y. cLJ^ic^) 4S A ^w^^^w(AJ r^^si /KJ*..^ 4? la .o o ^.ei L^Kltp^ |( C^ >Vt./,-l/1-^ fg.. iHfriiKiii 2- 25" d- gtfiiA.^ ML Miwinr 2.:3 3.25' (SW»r-^U.^ni-.U*^...gk_. AgcyUlAXocl^tO 4l 5-.i2. ($ ■ 0^'cL<..O-^aX-g-<-^C>v^ 0.2^ 10 C^xLcTviX/^ i?Acj(|i>L>.^ 2 S(j, 7.0O 2 11 ^.<^j/ii \\c^ 'iryxC-yiAAJrc. — ( - K Q.l^-L 12 ^v.^^^&-Lc-<>-^ loe^^xk- -W^ 0.31 13 A^U-Q^CO 3J^A^<^ (fgul't !!! I ,DO 14 15 II it\jUM^ O.So 1.37 16 ($-pv^^-4^ U-(rv<-CtV-g~ b-0><-t.^vU-Cx.<.l.vl S>J2J/\.S^^-^ H-c-v.gJ-Oa£ -^ 17 (^^>v>k'>f|l^ SlijP^L^tUl^ M 1.5^ 18 Fv-^\LflAA.e^ ix^ l-irS-ftu^^urvn (.'>^c(. V^- cUU^io,) ntfiHrii^liiiiiiiii^^iiiif 5,37 19 i^-zr^-v-%-^L.rr>A.^m^^ ay>'<^LL^\ T~P^"T"^'^^-i-v-\ ^ 0,75" ^ 20 allU ;s'i"fl ^ 21 % i21 LtiU. II 1.25- 22 23 1 m I. I z. \ . oo t 25 -btc-Ww^ . \J ^ 0-^dL 0.2:^ (X|''^V?xluA^ Y>A.e-xao'-cr^O'K 2- V.5c) bi fzO^^ O.5"0 N. 1.75" M L^t^wrXg^ ( jL->iUn.^ O.IZ M Cvt K.^,^— |/\,TriC-gt ^-L.<-Kv^ O, iZ ^^ Ul g>. V i^ UAA^d^ O.iZ (-.Mi^w^-eilo^ wuxA^c.t_^U,-^wXgv^ O, 25" t'^gC*!! (.^:;,TX.^ . VgtXA^LKjyU-g<-.0 0.3.7 /r>T^U.xrL.c6U-Lv_, 11 .\Z. X 1 = 6, f^ + . PRA PTC No. 2 25*. 2g> X 2 = So, ^o PRA PTC No. 3 ^S.iob X 3 = ^g'^ >g4 = 2(r ^•5CgDivided By 100 = ^ .L>ZC> Siltation Index: PRA Navicula sp . PRA Nitzschia sp . ,PRA Surirella sp. 7.8^ 1. ^^^ G. 81 = 1(5. Han/5aea/09- 98/250 SITE SAMP TAXA :hem DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT .te-Sample No. I7 5'6> - <=>\ Notebook No . U Water and Location ^'*\ S-b>ri>^ C-raxic- cj-t &u^U^<-i=sU's> £rvr-u^T" Page No. ■^S Sample Date ^3 / H I 98 Community. Substrate Ni Collector/AqencyC-- g>vctco<3-f{~ /Mh£.Q . Project "T>1 b t— HUC Reach No . County Ffc=-^/i.oL<^ *«********«********************»***«* Species Counted -23 Pollution Index ^ ■ 72 4- . Siltation Index /g> , 3 c> 1735 - ol ) 3^.71 No 1 2 3 4 Taxon No. Cellc.^^iot', PRA PTC ■^ Tt^-S (^VM-gv— ■ ^ .^a^oc^in H'\-t>-:k'Uj'^ ^ tYa^ila^i^'J^ ^ [j_J)-jr7S C/*^C-I ■ \/g»-A_ . duJo/c<^ J Miiiriiifiiti'iK 3. CO ($-p-y^^ U-ucA-,TM.'^v^ MlKTil 2.<^Z- (Li C-. 10 2- 12.75- A.^ Lt-vAJl^e-gL^jh^ fti^iJ. V. cUjgig-^ ) 0,5(5 Z- A. lg(^:^^(i U^ .^K^\*..c\y 8 \-O0 Ar>^ J^^tnjK \A IVh-i r g - ■^ 10 A ■ pg^A^xjL>UsgL- OitlliriHtltfllHH 5.1>7 11 l^rc, fc< ■hywr-o. ^ V ^ g-^- ..lii. 4.7jr 12 G-wn\ b-dU Vi^C-tytA^Tg^-^ lUfMlltfitlfl Z,^L Z Ol CU-A>vJgjtl(g^ aSfty\^L4-~ 143 17.07 14 C-. SvU^MorzL^ lUfMli ^o 15 16 a '1^'-<-tL^LC CX^ L^ itntnitiiwiiii 3.(?0 2- 6?T»'>-'.N-i? U-^ft-y^.<_HV,^v ^ g> L'-.<>«^£.g.X.<_Pv^ iHfutiwn^i 3.(i,S 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ^ ■ pt;t.'t>'^>-o.y ntfinrMMij 2.75- ($ . p iA-''>-; I Vjo<>v-v 0,2 5" .^d v\j(_JL\.^ 1A.A K.^ . ( iKvcJ . v'tM- covlTv' <«-cjr :>^ ) riHiMiitit 3.2i»' 2- A ri\ i^^ft..AJ-ix5. c^i)x>ea_ 4^^Lx- C-n SX^-^L-g.-. ij-gj IC^^Sr- C5.57 ^..rv^bAJU■ ■^f>^XA.^d-7 lO--^ 0.37 (^-^r gSct^rv*-A^ A.H'x^w^>^^o_Ko^ ^{ .SS y.'-{3 .'\ 0.25" (?tr~rw.^'/.^ff> 0 Mx^ ^ (Lv^^ u^ O.^O 25 ($• UujI-t^mi.a i.<^o^ o..^o 26 /Tw^pUylA^ I ^UMAj£.4A> C 5 o.So Site-Sample No '756^ o 1 Page 2 of 2 Taxon No. ■ge^rirS^'a-i^eS I PRA PTP N\ g-vM.C-0^1 l^^ "VV"! 1 p(x^yLC-1-g^ M. ^■(r? UU^i)/(c. ■b ,g^ 7.^^ ^ N . r eiciux^d-TcQLjAfiy 0.37 M c-c^Q ( r^»4-A JE ^.75- M -fl-^U^ <^.5'o M. '5.25' ^ t-f ^ 5rivc.j^ ^vu^eAja/u;_e£.i,^L^ 1^ ■ di^'^'" pg<^^^ mL M ■ U^,.vt/i^^^_. K3. 5 lqn.MV(^J ^Xjl^ . Kl. TVLf C^ ^ I. Z5" o.zy o. \z o. zS' I^L(V\Tuc^.J-«.^"vXvvu-c.<0 <3, Zb" ^,25" ^. Zi>' O.Z.i> O.SO No tes/Sketches/Additional Taxa : ^xS^-Ajd^ c...^.fSL^xa^JL o3/czl'U^Le> l_^vK*-cU^ : -^7 o| 5 7 Pollution Index: PRA PTC No. 1 3.o<^ X 1 : PRA PTC No. 2 -^^^1 X 2 = PRA PTC No. 3 ^S-.S'f X 3 . = ■^72.3'r Divided By 100 = 3. oc!i ^S^zz. 2^ 17 2. 724 Siltation Index: PRA Navicula sp . PRA Nitzschia sp . PRA Surirella sp. '4. 4^7 [.^^7 + 0. 0 • = lh.3(^ Hajinaea/09- 98/250 SITE SAMP TAXA CHEM DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT ice-Sample No. \1 S 1 Notebook No.__jJ____. Page No. -^8 Water and Location & "^ -Spy-.i^ C^raxJUL- ^\ CZa^<-o\\ ( via.; 1 -F/\ S Sample Date ^^ / ^^ / ^^ . Community 3 . Substrate. Collector/Agency^- '^^^^.'^^ i r^hGO, . Project "T/hZjC- HUC . Reach No. . County F^>^-^<-<-S M ****ir*itir****ir*******ir*1ciric*ir1rir*1rir**iririr-k-k1r-k1c*ir*-k*ir-k*-k-k******-k****ir*-k-k*-k1rir1r-k1rit Cells Counted xl CO Total Species _^^ Species Counted -34- Diversity Index 3, '^o^ . Pollution Index '2. . t^l S' . Siltation Index 3fc . '^7 Similarity Index (compared to site-sample no. I"7SCp - o \ ) 43 . Sg. I'755- — a Z.O. SS No. Taxon No. ■€eJr3r3-V^ae-S PRA PTC ^ b, I ^^>vyv-a. ^IA_ i2.dt_£_ ^ 2o. li u>A- ?) .oo Si <^Jn?-ri-\_J Uxr»,.f n/t fl. u^T.^^-yuA-<_'4-oC'>-v\_ q^ ^•37 iHTir I. Zi ^ ■ 0-^:--<-^o-ax.e.v^>^ tHfitifini 1.75- ^-■^^--tA.^ iCa CL| >v\ U^ILa^ A-ff I ^U-^. 5"^ o.So (p. So C S(U-5u\c^a_^ -^ c. »•vA/^_C-A.-C o^ U-»^ltL- ■^ 10 11 A-w\ pU t.<.ri.2_. M n i^ H-^!t^ . T"^£» t-v^>t^>vt/<^^ £.<>ft*t.-gv_) iitritfMiHftfifill 0.67 3. So 12 A • l-^iM.c£-^ Uci--^ o.2ir 13 0. B-g-eC-^-.ooiciuuL-i\_\-^^0^ MM 37 15 frsL-^tlayu^^. U^ftr^fTux^L^rn 0.37 16 S^A^ ^L^ oJ-K>»^ G'oci ■ V^ • orv^f^^^^f^ ) mi , CO 2. 17 C^^bxi(-fl_ .3 1 nxx-Qji-<\_. JD o.7i- ti ^1 'a^yj^-c^ ^ <^.So 19 ^v^^, Lit tatt-.{>AXC^-jK.<^i''-X 0.37 20 v^wi kiU. ''V'^-V-^A^-g^-/ El o.Sl 21 M^JLo5i Vt^ VOyrx^^vLA (?, 12- Z. 22 •Frgt-»t 1 ut^u-va i: O.li^Z 25 26 O.Es -^ Site-Sample No.. / is 7 Page 2 of 2 No Taxon No iV^ut.^ PRA PTC dii >^ = W, X<.A..-Y^.-t^^^vvC-i-pCri ^2- i'C Kl Qg^-il t r^^TQ r^cL(-/»J- 2^ S.i^Z. 29 W CA-.^ (^krU^fj, 0^ (el 8.37 2_ 30 M. Ak ■(Jzxr-k^/^.cifc-^tA-^i-^ J^iUJ-HIl 75- 31 K) rL/^^^-e^^ ^ 32 0,37 33 Ki ■ cLe-C-c^S5C S> o.tt> 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 N'l T R ^ g-L-l.^^ £i.yy^ L^" VV^v^ -^ 42 Ki. d; ^Si ^(Xj ^ 'g^> iWiHriwEM:!!! 3.5"o 43 Vi ^ JUL.£K^ 5o ^.zs 44 M eXjQ cc^jLe^J-TTv^ ( J^ K^ . ^l U>w^ C. IZ. 46 KJ UaX-AtvS p( f^ o,37 47 K\ '-"^^-^H-A.tv^JZ-Jxo^ o,Zi>' 48 49 50 51 52 .^ Not es/Sketches/Additional Taxa : ^LwJ2<^ a.*^-^>^^'2-^ <^V*^A'i t>'-| L-L. Ba_M(s Pollution Index: PRA PTC No. 1 7. 5"(D X 1 = 7. S"Q PRA PTC No. 2 l7.4Cc X 2 = 34,92. PRA PTC No. 3 7s-.o>4-X 3 = ^^"^■-'^"■4 Divided By 100 = ^ Z2^.)2. 2- . lo7^ SiltaCion Index: PRA Na\ricnla. sp . PRA Nitzschia sp , PRA Surirella sp , + + d3, 5o 3^, ^7 Hann a e a / 0 9 - 9 8 / 2 5 0 SITE SAMP TAXA CHEM DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT .te-Sample No.. -755 o I Notebook No. K Water and Location E^"^ '^p-riki^ Cn-jzjz-K— CS N- l^-Jt -e-A.<_r-e— a^ Page No. -^1 Sample Date oQ> / I 3 / ^vcU-c:uott" / MbB.C( . Project T"/va"DL- HUC . Reach No. n1 County_t^2_£a_S_ **♦♦**»**•****♦*******•♦♦■**•*■•♦♦♦*****•**♦•*•♦♦**♦**•♦****♦•**♦*♦*********♦*■ Cells Counted 4 oo Total Species _ 3^ Species Counted c3C Diversity Index '4- ^^4 . Pollution Index ■Z'5Lp\ Siltation Index 35*. o? Similarity Index (compared to site-sample no . (1 S ~7 - O [ ) 5^ . [^ l'73S - ol Zfc.. 33 No. 1 Taxon No ■ CcllG-\/g^!t>es PRA PTC i2£ <:-C-Cr>\JiJu4-^ tV-J2-g^-^-C^<-J^j^og. HtftfllHfWitfliir >^.37 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_ 7 C • bL^cj.jAJrXKXe>^ — ^}y^o-rgCrg'— irinfni sz. z.-il l^.So CA.^ r^ (vt fl n g ^ '•vt-<-«0K iEML i.i^ c \^fp IKX--A- ^3_ 7.37 C rv^^y^^CJUfJA^^ M vr' o.fcz (L. I'^'WWV^. EM 5o C^rtnvU^ Lmm^ >v(_a ^vvur-'-col-L/Covv^ 142- 17.7^ 9 10 11 <^ ■ i^<;^a/<^^^^-icM>v^ ifuffnir 2^3J_ ^ ■ t>-Lc-^>-CLCXxA ivv g.37 A rv>.^ U^lTUL^ A-g-^.C^cJiLt-^f . 43 :£^ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 Aciw/y^a^U^.S kvU^rviX i<.^^ ( «t>^-«^ 1^1 12.^2 /4, L«^»^-c^.eUi.:: g»-- in o>g7 S<-^ vU-^^^/i bJ vu^ - ■^ ii ^ohcQi-aw^ i^-^^^Xa OaJL^ 0,ZS Q-rnry^ I'-'try'-g.tvu^^ fl../^ mAXM>V\ C. 2i> /] rw^ tMr^.^x.^ |>-U^l/U.6*i3rs !£. t5,^Z Fva^ ( Uu^-oc^ Vq/e^ 0,23 AcilKt^uJil^ k^SoUillO fl-AX*^^ C?,2i> Site-Sample No . ___LZ:£S. c> Page 2 of 2 No. Taxon No. Colic \JA\JL^ PRA PTC 27 Kl ^fuo^c^ [fj^, tTj ^p^i^fJmft^^ iitM i.as- 28 M g^' ■-z^-H] ■ 3.87 dH nJ- f^...n[^ie.^\[cx^ z.tz 30 inrrutfirM^ 3.zr 2- 31 N ■ v^Ajjyr'^ O.ZS 32 M ■ V I -r ( cWL^^ O. 'Z 33 M . )M-6 W-S Cx/U^<-L^^L.' -^ 34 M. o. \Z 35 M . evi K-*--c o. z^" 2- 36 I^. r.,lta' c^j-z?. 0.7.i> 37 Ni. ^^ 'Vu-ek-.- o, 23" N . I^vU/WU>Vu3l^ 1 C7. 2^ 39 40 41 ^O tWscicc^ cii^SS' ptaj^:^ lafllfffll Z.37 42 M . I>g«jLP ^ r/X 3,S7 43 ^^ vv.e.JL CiJ>lo^lqo^ ^<.^l. ;_^ViW^^ '• 4? o^ ocj l_o.-Z-Z. x 2 = ^g-^ 4 + PRA PTC No. 3 y2AZ X 3 = (88.76^ = 2.5" 6>.0i^ Divided By 100 = T-.SL \ Siltation Index: PRA Havicula. sp . PRA Nitzschia sp . PRA Surirella sp . 22 . 48 12. . L>] + o. go # = 3S-, o? Ha/inaea/ 0 9 - 9 8 / 2 5 0 SITE SAMP TAXA CHEM DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT ite-Sample No 7S^ Water and Location, Sample Date gg / 13 3,c C^ ^-P>L<->^-<^^ c^^ Notebook No. ^^ Page No. ^^ / 'qg Community. Substrate Nj Collector /Agency ^ •g^'^ct^-^'^-tfff /yiO>t^<^ . Project ' i^J^C— HUC Reach No. County F"g5 PRA PTC ncUyVi^^i^Muu^ W^OrUAM^&Si tM-^a^ 3^:21 ^^ h a^JL^ oM. AnUjU^rux- Q^JUjc-uJiuL^ .tL. 3 L,. CO RU^^ui^n^ Loi/-^ . CMyUJ-rx^ {x^ 31 4^87 &-v-^-'^ U--e-,vf ^ ■pgi^T--L>-My^> DtrnffifffM 3.7r cS . {i^^^^X So S,75- C^ C-Y-^V?V\-fX^ 43 ^.37 (2 ■ p L^-c-e-tOv-KX-^--- iHiiutiiit(rii(f 3.75" 10 C-^r^\}^^^-iK (^t-ff-l M-0<6v 4^ ^.7S 11 C • )'VUC'rV<-<_i~iJs_- ^ OJS 2- 12 C • S KV^^-K.iKjrty^ — iUfitfflttfllifllK 3. So 13 (laXny^ij^ ^<^^(\u_tv^ 1 c>. ZS 2. 14 S^-^-^'-^-^Lft ^ fy^^^h' £i-^ O, ZiT 15 T I H tVuJLgUX^ ^ f>U-0<-^9X 7-'C<^t/t.^^1..5 CI ^.7^- 17 (-^ -C^JoKa l-VLptX-^ -^ 18 Tfa^ I Ij^aa-i!>^ CV S V. L/gM>0<^ ,^< O. bC 19 ^V^UA^UL, H3I D, IZ 20 (Sneyyv/y^ C>-C<^<>qjCL-g,.(.-OVA IC -5.87 21 22 23 25 26 O ZS z o. 37 2- I No. 27 Taxon 28 (fT) 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ^1. tN^u>c^.^LA_fe>. -h-Yf ^jyVLrAv^ K] M iCeO^ 1 m^ /'^g-CU-^jfck-^ r^^^p U Lf.vLfJ( .■4f - iU\^ M p. rc.^.e-MA M. ju4(^.c. (^.^^ Kl S-<^KvrX^^>^^Scu. M Cji^cJ-e^ Mij-g .;r-L^. d/^S.^Jx^--^ M r -a ^ civf rf )^. M ^ -4 :cA^Lt<_>rA > (_- M. Ccn\T\r£Lr,j-p-j ,U^ N- -fri/^'U^J^^vv, v". g-^(J? 5^tXcT/i-a_^ ^i ^sJ ST-'-pt^ X^^-^ - Page 2 of No ■ ■eig±^\/< 'itd^cs MWiurm 37 3^ II .MMLUm HOM iHfiitfM Not iitfMiiitmi<^' PRA 2.^-C 4>z ;7.^7 3.25" c.zy ^ ^5. 2^ ^.ZiT PTC 3.^n ^-25" -^ ^.^7 3. <5C) -^ ^. li J .1=^ 2- es/Sketches/Additional Taxa : :S:U^^j2^ ^z,^^..c£<^ 2 .^^^ 03/0^/c^^ f, t. .L. . &^(s ^ov£.ifLA_cU_^ : i(D'i 37 52, Pollution Index: PRA PTC No. 1 7. Z4- X 1 : PRA PTC No. 2 30. e&" X 2 : PRA PTC No. 3 6^1 • ^1 X 3 = = '^^- ^7 Divided By lOQ = 7,24- + 6'l, 7(9 1&^.7? 2.S47 Siltation Index: PRA Navicula sp . PRA Nitzschia sp . PRA Surirella sp . 2g .^'^ '^f + . 7>f 0, + 37 = 3S.C=o