B M SOS 75b m m 3- w* i GIFT OF A. P. Morrison THE Varieties of Dogs, AS THEY ARE FOUND IN OLD SCULPTURES, PICTURES, ENGRAVINGS, AND BOOKS. With the Names of the Artifts by whom they are reprefented, fliowing how long many of the numerous Breeds now exifting have been known. BY PH. CHARLES BERJEAU. LONDON: DULAU & CO. 37 SOHO SQUARE. 1863. GIFT OF LONDON : Printed by STRANGEVVAYS & WALDEN, 28 Caftle St. Lekefter Sq. r H- TO JOHN B. INGLIS, ESQ. IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY HIS OBEDIENT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, PH. CHARLES BERJEAU, ivi92816 THE VARIETIES OF DOGS, " Lo, the poor Indian But thinks, admitted to that equal fky, His faithful dog (hall bear him company." EJfay on Man, Ep. I. THE fidelity of dogs is To much more proverbial than that of their mafters, that an inftance equally honourable to both is worth knowing. The chariot of Indru was waiting to carry Yoodhift'huru to heaven ; he came to the place, his dog following. " I don't take dogs," fays Indru. (C Then I don't go," replies Yoodhift'huru. The dog, however, turned out to be Humu, a god, and the difficulty was got over.* But we do not pretend to confider dogs in a theological point of view. We will fimply ftate here to what purpofe we prefent in the following plates the varieties of dogs as found in antique marbles, in * Ward, Hind. Hijiory, vol. iv. p. 448. bookV;.£rawSng$,-ahd :pi6tures, down to the lyth century. According to DafwihVT^fy*^1 Selection, t\\z forms of animals are, in the courfe ?k.afef£c m5Djitried.jby|QUmate and habits, even when their fpecies may be brought tact to a type almoft unique, and not complicated as regards fize and general outline of the body. Are fuch modifications highly obfervable in dogs, of which the common type may be, and is, in fact, varied almoft ad infinitum by crofs-breedings ? Such is the queftion which the prefent book will, perhaps, help to bring a little nearer its folution. Some of the greateft artifts feem to have had a particular fancy for dogs, and they have, without doubt, given correct likenefies of fuch as they have drawn. The infpection of their drawings, collected from every available fource, and reproduced as much as poflible in fac-fimile, muft, therefore, be acceptable to all who take an intereft in fuch queftions. The laft exhibition of fporting and other dogs which we have juft witnefled in the laft week of March 1863, confiding of more than 1200 dogs, very fairly reprefented all die varieties now extant in England. Let us enumerate here the varieties exhibited as a point of comparifon with our drawings, in which, certainly, the greater part of thefe varieties may be ftill recognifed. The firft divifion, fporting dogs, fhowed us 1. The fox-hound. 2. The fox-terrier. 3 The bloodhound. 4. The otter-hound. 5. The deer-hound. 6. The harrier. 7. The beagle. 8. The greyhound. 9. The pointer. 10. The fetter. 1 1 . The black and tan fetter. 12. The Iriih fetter. 13. The retriever. 14. The Ruffian retriever. 15. The Clumber fpaniel. 1 6. The jfpaniel. The fecond divifion, dogs not ufed in field fports, included the reft of the canine varieties : 17. The maftiffdog. 1 8. The Newfoundland. 19. The St. Bernard dog. 20. The Dalmatian. 21. The large fize bull-dog. 22. Thefmall fize bull-dog. 23. The bull terrier. 24. The black and tan terrier. 25. The white Englifh ter- rier. 26. The Englifh terrier. 27. The white Scotch terrier. 28. The fawn Scotch terrier. 29. The blue Scotch terrier. 30. The Skye terrier. 3 1 . The Dandy Dinmont. 32. The pug dog. Among the large foreign dogs were : 41. 42. 43- A truffle-hunter. A Ruffian dog. A boar-hound. 44. A Labrador dog. 45. A Secellan wolf-hound. 46. A reindeer or elk dog. 47. A hyaena and wolf-hound. 48. A wolf and fox-hound. 33. The Italian greyhound. 34. The Blenheim fpaniel. 35. The King Charles's fpaniel. 36 The Maltefe dog. 37. The Scotch colley. 38. The French poodle. 39. The Efquimaux dog. 40. The Pomeranian dog. 49. A Danifh boar-hound. 50. An Auftralian dog. 51. A Pruffian terrier. 52. A Turkifh dog. Among the fmall foreign dogs were : 53. A Cuba fpaniel. And 54. A dog fuppofed to be a variety of the wild prairie dog of India. Leaving to the fportfman and to the artift, to find in the drawings the varieties which beft correfpond with thofe above enumerated, we will now point out more fully than it could be done under the drawings, the fources from which they are derived. Marco Polo found in Thibet dogs of the fize of afles, ftrong enough to hunt all forts of wild beafts. The A {Tynan dog (Plate i), taken from a wild-afs hunt in one of the baf-reliefs of Nineveh at the Britim Mufeum, perhaps belonged to this variety, which Turner, 8 in his EmbaJJy to Thibet, faw in a row of wooden cages, and defcribes as cc huge dogs, tremendoufly fierce, ftrong, and noify." The following (Plates 2 and 3), drawn from the antique, are more like bloodhounds, while the type of the greyhound is eafily traced to thofe of Plate 4, likewife drawn from an antique ftatue of Acteon, in the Britifh Mufeum. The French poodle (Plate 5), copied from a curious engraving in the Print- room of the Britifh Mufeum, by an unknown French matter, is accompanied by the following curious infcription. Above his head, in a fcroll, is : IE suis LOYAL BARBET VEILLANT. And under him : Le fage nous enfeigne, et di ce que f'enfuit. Qui veut entrer das la maifon II doit hurter prcmieremet, En ouurat dire fa raifon Car f'il y entre lourdement On crira, Barbet arrefte. Crie, mord-le hardiment, Car c'eft comme toy vne befte. Dans la maifon entre maints fots Pour y prendre ou crocheter, D'autre fen vont voir dans le pot, Qu'il y a pour le rapporter Telz fots ont gaigne le frotter Us font bien aifez a cognoitre Car font ennemis de mon maiftre. Le bon chien domeftique veille, cependant que fon maiftre dort, Et f'il vient quelqu'un il reveille, quand par fortune il dort trop fort. An early German mafter mows us a pointer and a wolf-hound in Plate 6. We do not recommend as models of beauty the two monfters (Plate 7) taken out of the DireBorium Humane Vit an<^ Fuft and Schceffer, in the illuminated JIJ of the famous Pfalter of 1457 (Plate 8, Nos. 2 and 3). The drawings of Plate 9 are taken from the firft edition of the Ship of Fools, and mow bull- terriers and two dogs licking the fores of the poor pilgrim at the door of the rich man. In Plates 10 and n are the varieties of dogs feen, or more likely imagined, by the artift who illuftrated the curious book of Fables com- piled by Sebaftian Brandt, and printed at Bafle by Jacobus de Phortzheim in 1501. Has Mich. Wohlgemuth, the matter of Albert Diirer, drawn from nature this fingular crofs-breeding between maftirF and greyhound, with his lion-tail (Plate 12, No. 2), in the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493? More faithful to nature, perhaps, but very little artiftic, are thofe reprefented by Wynkyn de Worde in the far-famed St. Albatfs Book of Juliana Barnes (1496). Ifrael van Meckenen, the early Dutch or German mafter (1482-1489), has reprefented in his curious engravings (Plates 13 and 14) greyhounds, French poodles, fox-hounds, cur-dogs, fpaniels, fetters, &c. Albert Durer (1471-1528) reprefents blood- hounds (Plate 15), greyhounds (Plate 17), lion-dogs, poodles, and Scotch terriers (Plate 18), a boar-hound, and, perhaps, a Newfoundland, in his engraving of the Knight followed by Death (Plate 19). John van Eyck's terrier (Plate 16) is drawn from the picture in the National Gallery, London. In the book of the Toifon d'Or, by Guillaume de St. Bertin (Paris, 1541, in folio), is3 perhaps, what we may call a King Charles (Plate 20, No. i) ; while No. 2 are, perhaps, boar- hounds, taken from the Difcours du Songe de Polipbile (Paris, 10 Lucas Cranach (1470-1553) reprefented (Plate 21) fpaniels, and a ravage-looking wolf-dog. The dogs of Lucas van Leyden (1516, Plate 22) fhow the bull-dog, the pointer, the fetter, and an Italian greyhound. Burgkmair (Plate 23), in the triumph of Maximilian, depicted a lion-dog and a fpaniel, very much like a Newfoundland. In Plate 24 are a harrier and a black and tan terrier, by Robetta, 1520; a bloodhound by Montagna. Urs Graf, or the matter known alfo by the name of Gamperlein, introduced many dogs in his Paffton, printed by Knoblouch, Strafburg, 1507 (Plates 25 and 26). Martin de Vos (1579-1586) reprefented (Plate 27) greyhounds, fpaniels, King Charles's, &c. But the firtt appearance of dogs, beautifully drawn, in an Englim book, may be traced to George Turberville's Noble Arte of Venerie, or Hunting, London, 1576 (Plate 28), in which is a maftiff bitch with her pups, a black or Swifs fox-hound (Plate 29) ; harriers, retrievers, a maftiff dog (Plate 30) ; in the frontifpiece of the book, here reproduced in fac-fimile, a whole pack of fox-hounds (Plate 31). Londerzeel (1586) fhows a water- fpaniel ; and Mair (1501) Scotch terriers. Among German matters, Hans Shaeuflein (Plate 32) reprefented a wolf-hound, a fetter. Why R. Pynfon introduced a bear-baiting, feveral times reproduced, in the Antibqfficon (London, 1521, in 4to.), is eafy to guefs in the hatred which even grammatical difputes were able to produce in the pure fcholaftic era. The poor bear is afTailed here (Plate 33) by a hoft of maftiffs, and perhaps of bull-dogs, which the artift has not very faithfully reprefented. Early Italian artifts defigned few dogs in their works. One of the large wolf-hounds of Nicoletti da Modena (1536, Plate 4) is reprefented 1 1 with the muzzle now and then impofed on dogs in France by the police authorities, when they fuppofe the temperature fufceptible of engendering hydrophobia — a miftake which often caufes a hetacomb of innocent canine victims. Joft Ammon, in his very curious book on hunting, entitled, Kunftliche wohlgerijfene neu Figuren von allerlai Jagt Kunft. F.furt am Mayn (1592, 4to.), has drawn almoft all the known varieties of fporting dogs (Plates 35-42). The dog (Plate 43, No i) with his tongue after the heraldic fafhion, illuftrates the title of Sir Thomas Cockaine's Short Treatife of Hunting (London, 1591, in 4to.), which may be confidered as the ftarting-point of fox-hunting as fince practifed in England. The three drawings Plate 43, No. i, and Plate 44, are taken from a very curious little book of drawings printed at Lyons by Jean de Tournes, in 1556 (8vo.), without any text, but which had been ufed formerly by him in his printed books. In Plates 45 and 46 are the dogs drawn by Boiflard, and fo beau- tifully engraved by Theodor de Bry. The following Plate (47) has drawings by Beckerweld (1626). Plate 48 is a fac-fimile of the title-page of The Dtfcovery of Witches , in Anfwer to Jeveral Queries lately delivered to the Judges of dffize for the county of Norfolk (London, 1647, 4to-)> by Matthew Hopkins, to whom Butler alludes in his Hudibras, p. ii. canto 3. This Hopkins' fecret to difcover a witch was to throw the fufpected old woman in the water. If me could fwim and fave herfelf of a watery grave, me was fure to be burnt as a witch ; if drowned, me was con- fidered innocent of the heinous crime of witchcraft. Some relations of the numerous viclims of Hopkins imagined that Hopkins could not difcover the witches unlefs himfelf a wizard. In confequence, they 12 refolved to fubject him to the water's trial, and as he could not fwim and was drowned, they concluded he was, after all, a very poor wizard. Although Hopkins' imps are rather fantaftical, dogs have been feen very like them, if their devilifh appendages are taken away. From a curious print of the time is taken (Plate 49) a butcher's dog, as known in 1652. The print accompanies the life of Hind, the great robber, and pretends to reprefent him when he was a butcher's boy. The dogs (Plates 50 and 51) engraved by W. Faithorne, are drawn from the illuftrations of the Englim tranflation of Homer, by John Ogilby (London, 1660, in folio). The laft, but not leaft, drawing (Plate 52) is from an engraving by Cornelius van Noorden (1683), in the Print-room of the Britifh Mufeum. ASSYRIAN FROM THE BRITISH MUSEUM ANTIQUE FROIV1 THE BRITISH MUSEUM. ANTIQUE I MARMI DEL DON! (2) D° BRITISH MUSEUM. ANTIQUE FROM THE BRITISH MUSEUM. EARLY FRENCH MASTER, XV? CENTURY EARLY GERMAN MASTER, XV™ CENTURY. 1 W Dl RECTOR I UM HUMANE VITE- 1480. (1) BERGMANN VON OLPE, 1494- (2) ANT SORG. 1475. (X) PII.QT & SfiHfTFFFR 1 4-.^ 7 I J. B. VON OLPE, 14-94. JACOB, DE PHORTZHEIM BASLE, 1501 11 I* 1 ii JACOB. DE PHORTZHEIM, BASLE, 1501 1 FROM A M.S. IN THE BIBLIOTH. ROY. PARIS. (2) NUREMBERG GRONICLE, 1493. (3j WYNKYN DE WORDE., 13 ISRAEL VAN MECKENEN, 1482- 1498. 14- ISRAEL VAN IVIECKENEN 14-82- H-98. ALBERT DURER, 1471- 1528. 16 JOHN VAN EYCK, K4-0. 17 I ALBERT DURER, 1^-71-1528. 18 ALBERT DURER, i47l-!528 19 ALBERT DtiRER, 1471 - iO I, (1) TOISON D'OR, 1541. & SONGE DE POLIPHILE, LUCAS CRANACH, 14-70- 1553. LUCAS VAN LEYDEN, 1516. H. BURGKMAIR, 1518. ^ ROBETTA- 1520, (2) BENEDETTO fYIONTAGNA . XVI URS GRAF, I5O7. URS GRAF, I5O7 fir MARTIN DE VOS, 1579- 1586. t GEO. TURBERVILLE, 1575. CD GEO. TURBERVILLE, 1575. D? 1611 6EO. TURBERVILLE, 1575. (1) LONDERSEEL, 1586. r2 (VIAIR, (501. .HANS SCHAEUFLEIN, I52O. •y 1 RICHARD PYNSON, \S2 1 U NICOLETT.I DA MODEM A, 1556. (1) J. A MM ON, .1575. (2) J. HOFFER.. I66O. JOST A MM ON, 1575. 37 >'\«_^V-^_ )^»*^YSL^A '^ii JOST AMMON, 1555, 1501. 38 JOST A MM ON, 1559. 1591 X&3&& 39 1 JQST AlVIMON, 1539. 1591. JOST AMIVION, 155-9. 160! JOST AMMON, 1559. 1591. JOST AMIV10N, 1559. 1591. (1) TH. COKAINE, 159!. (2) IAN DE TOVRNES, 1556. IAN DE TOVRNES, 4-5 TH. DE BRY 1647 46 1 TH DE BRY, 161-7 BEGKERVELD, 1626. ± Ilemauzar 2. P^evracfte 3Pecfee i 4 G rt€ 2 2 ell Gr eeai utt MATTHEW HOPKINS, 1647. 49 1 hROfV! HIND, THE GREAT ROBBER, WHEN HE WAS A BUTCHERS BOY. 1652. Jl WILLIAM FAITHORNE, 1660. WILLIAM FAfTHORNE, !660. CORNELIUS VAN NOORDEN/ 1683. 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